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2009 Group 5 Project
The Cell Cycle
German Pathologist, Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow's realization in 1885 that "cells only arise from pre-existing cells" sparked the beginning of an intense investigation into the cell cycle, which is still as active and dynamic today. [1] Over the years, a great number of discoveries and advances have been made in bettering our understanding of this cycle.
Early scientists described the cytology of the cell division [2] and more recently, scientists from an array of disciplines, spanning embryologists to microbiologists have collaborated and begun to understand the underlining mechanisms and workings involved in the cell cycle. [3][4]
Historic Background
- Since 1953, when James Watson and Francis Crick described the double-helical base-paired structure of DNA, [5] a lot of studies on cell cycle has been focused on DNA synthesis and replication.
- In the 1970s, general control mechanisms that regulate the onset of each phases of the cell cycle were established. [6] Also, the Gap 0 phase (G0) was identified, and Pardee (1974) studied the regulatory mechanisms and how cells switch between proliferative and quiescent (G0) states in the cell cycle. [7]
- During the 1980s, the function of centromeres in segragating chromosomes were studied and a functional centromere was isolated from a budding yeast. [8] Also, the precise control mechanisms between the phases, and the changes in levels of 'cyclins' - "proteins that showed cell-cycle-oscillatory behaviour" [9] were discovered and studied in more details. [10][11]
- During the late 1980s, replication origins in cells were identified and the importance of 'checkpoint controls' that arrest cells following DNA damage was discovered. [12] These help to avoid improper transitions between phases, and provided important clues to the nature of cell cycle regulation. Furthermore, the importance of tumour suppressor genes such as retinoblastoma and p53 were also discovered. [13]
- In the 1990s, a new class of proteins, known as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) was identified. Their interaction with cyclins were studied in detail and has lead to the discovery of many more new classes of cyclins such as cyclins C, D and E. [14][15] In 1993, CDK inhibitors (CKIs) were identified and their interaction with CDKs was studied in detail. [16][17][18][19]
Current Research
Throughout the history, five Nobel prizes for Physiology or Medicine have been awarded in the development and understanding of the cell cycle. A lot of information have been collaborated to present, but there still exists areas that are not fully understood. Current research is now centred on the use of cell-cycle-specific treatments in cancer and other cell cycle related diseases. Cancer therapy may greatly benefit from a better understanding of the connenctions between cell cycle and apoptosis. Major advances have been recently made in the discovery of `cell cycle drugs', and their use as anticancer drugs is being extensively investigated. [20] The discovery of cell cycle regulators in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients leaves us with the idea that cell cycle studies, initially supported by the antitumour purpose, may have applications in quite unexpected fields.
The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is a series of changes a cell undergoes from the time it forms until it reproduces itself. [1] Depending on what text you read, this cycle can be divided into two or four major phases. We will be discussing the division as four phases, as the prescribed text; Essentials in Cell Biology: 2nd Ed. [1] defines.
These are:
- Gap 1 phase (G1)
- Synthetic phase (S phase)
- Gap 2 phase (G2) and
- Mitotic phase (M phase) (see Figure 1).
It is important to understand that the timing, or length, of the cell cycle differs from cell to cell and from organism to organism. For instance, a small single celled organism can quickly reproduce, whereas a more complex multicelluar organism takes longer. [21] From here on in, we will be discussing the phases of the cycle for that of a typical fast dividing mammalian cell, with an approximate cell cycle of twenty-four hours. [22]
Gap 1 Phase (G1)
G1 is the interval between the completion of the M phase and the beginning of the S phase. [1] It is typically the longest and most variable phase of the cell cycle (see Figure 2).
In part, this lengthy time frame can be explained by the fact that G1 ensues the M phase, a phase in which cell division takes place. [23] The first opportunity for newly formed cells from the M phase to grow and develop is in G1, a phase of rest and growth. In addition to this function, G1 (along with the other gap phase G2) provides a time for cells to monitor their surrounding environment, both inside and outside of the cell, to ensure that conditions are appropriate and preparations are complete before committing to the next phase, the S phase. [22]
There is another sub phase within the G1 phase, known as the Gap zero phase (G0) (see Figure 3). When conditions are unfavorable, cells delay progress through G1 and enters G0. In this specialized phase, cells can remain in a rest form of periods from days to even years, [22] before returning to a proliferating state.
Some cells, such as cardiac muscle cells and nerves cells are unable to divide. That is, they have lost their ability to replicate themselves and as a consequence never leave G0 [1]. Other cells like the red blood cells are continually dividing throughout our life. Some cells will only divide under certain circumstance, for instance if part of the cell population is damaged or dies.
The synthetic phase or S phase of the cell cycle occurs between the gap phases of the cycle. [24] It is a short phase consisting of few hours in which the entire nuclear content of the cell is replicated. [25] Replication of a DNA molecule is undertaken in 3 steps; where a bidierectional mechanism is initiated to facilitate multiple replication sites along a chromosome. This is subsequent to a preparation period where all hereditary material of the parent DNA molecule is portioned prior to cellular division. [18] A parent chromosome is composed of 2 complementary strands of DNA, where every base on 1 strand is paired with a specific partner. That is, Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine(T); Guanine(G) pairs with Cytosine(C). [19]
The process of DNA Synthesis:
- The initial step of DNA replication in vertebrate cells involves the separation of the double stranded parent molecule of DNA, where hydrogen bonds linking base pairs are broken[20]. Separation of the DNA molecule is facilitated via an unwinding mechanism and leads to the formation of a 'v' by the two single stranded molecules▪As the molecule unwinds, DNA synthesis occurs at this location of the 'v' which is also referred to as the replication fork.[26] The process of DNA synthesis in eukaryotes is semi-conservative and occurs in a bi-directional manner. Consequently there is a Leading strand and a Lagging strand formed. The leading strand replicates in the same direction as the proceeding replication fork, and is therefore faster. The lagging strand copies the molecule in the opposite direction and therefore produces copied fragments of DNA known as Okazaki fragments, which will be joined together to form a single strand.This can be seen in Figure 4. which illustrates the process of replication in a double stranded molecule. [27]
- As a result of separation of the double stranded molecule and the synthesis of the single strands of DNA, new nucleotides are able to bind to the exposed bases with the assistance of a DNA polymerase enzyme. Each strand is then used as a template for determining the order of base pairs in the new complementary strand. The resulting strand is complementary to the pre-existing template strand.[28]This leads to duplicate daughter strands forming with anti-parallel orientation. As seen in Figure 5.
- The final step of replication and synthesis produces 1 parent and 1 new strand of DNA ([21].At this point the cycle progresses into a phase of rapid protein synthesis to ensure cellular growth.
Different cyclin-dependent kinase complexes trigger the process of DNA synthesis.[22] There are 3 main trigger complexes of the S phase, which are classified into a group known as the S phase promoting factors (SPF). There is firstly an accumulation of cyclin E/cdk2 during late G1 phase, initiating the S phase. [23]. Cyclin B/cdk2 is synthesised, but phosphorylation of the complex occurs at Thr14 -Tyr15 and renders it inactive. Lastly, cyclin A/cdk2 (which is considered the most prominant factor in the group) enters the cell nucleus and lead to preparation for cellular duplication it accumulates during S phase and its activation triggers the transition to G2 of the cycle.[24].
Gap 2 Phase (G2)
The G2 phase of the cell cycle is the third stage of the cell cycle, preparing the cell for entry into mitosis (M phase). It is the second shortest phase of the cell cycle after mitosis, lasting approximately four to five hours in a 24-hour cell cycle. [29] It is a period of rapid cell growth and production of new proteins, similar to G1 and includes key mechanisms that control the completion of DNA and chromosomal replication following DNA synthesis during the S phase. [30]
In G2, the nucleus bound by a nuclear envelope is well defined, and includes at least one nucleolus. However, the replicated chromosomes occur as loosely packed chromatin fibres and cannot be distinguished individually. [31] One key process that occurs during G2 is the duplication of the centrosomes resulting with two centrosomes by the end of G2. [30] This centrosome replication is necessary in order to guide the chromosomes during the M phase that follows.
Cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of proteins which regulate the distinct stages of the cell cycle. [32] During the G2 phase, cyclins A and B coupled to CDK-1 drives the cell up to the M phase. [33]
The successful transition from G2 to the M phase is controlled by a key checkpoint at the end of this gap phase. This 'DNA structure checkpoint' has the important role of providing a quality check ahead of mitosis. [12] If DNA replication is incomplete or if there are mistakes in the copies of DNA, the G2 checkpoint prevents the transition to M phase and cells will undergo repair or apoptosis (programmed cell death). [34] p53 is a protein which can block the cell cycle if the DNA is damaged. By blocking the cell cycle, it provides more time for DNA repair and increased p53 levels are present in damaged cells. [35]
Mitosis can be divided into five key stages. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
The prophase stage is signified when the DNA has been replicated and the resulting chromosomes become condensed. Each chromosome is made up of of two chromatids, these pairs of chromatids are linked by a structure called the centromere (Germann & Stanfield, 2005). The centrioles also start moving to opposite poles of the cell allowing the mitotic spindle to develop in between. Microtubules disassemble into their tubulin components which will be used to form the mitotic spindle (Germann & Stanfield, 2005).
As the nuclear envelope deteriorates the cell enters the prometaphase stage whereby the centrioles have completed moving to opposite poles of the cell and the chromosomes attach to the spindle fibres via the kinetochores located at the centromere (Germann & Stanfield, 2005).
Once the chromosomes have completely bound to the spindle fibres, the chromosomes align to the metaphase plate located at the centre of the cell, signalling that the cell is at metaphase (Germann & Stanfield, 2005).
Following metaphase, anaphase is characterised by the separation of the chromatid pairs, with the chromosomes moving towards opposite poles of the cell as they follow along the mitotic spindle. This chromosomal movement and separation is referred to as anaphase A, while the separation of the spindle poles is called anaphase B (Germann & Stanfield, 2005).
The final stage of mitosis is telophase whereby new nuclear envelopes develop on both sides of the cell, with the chromosomes beginning to decondense into chromatin, the breakdown of the mitotic spindle also begins. Also during this time the mother cell is completely divided creating two daughter cells by the process of cytokinesis. These daughter cells then enter interphase at G0, restarting the cell cycle (Germann & Stanfield, 2005).
Progression through the cell cycle is monitored at various checkpoints, where inhibition or activation of the cell cycle is possible depending on cyclin/cdk binding activity (Morgan D, 2007). In the cell cycle 3 major checkpoints are elicited, these include:
1. G1/S checkpoint (restriction point)
2. G2/M checkpoint
3. M-phase checkpoint.
1. The first checkpoint is theG1 checkpoint (also known as the restriction point) occurs midway through the cell cycle's G1 phase. At this point the cell accesses whether it should divide, delay division, or entre a resting period (G0). The restriction point is mainly controlled by the actions of Cdk inhibitors (Elledge, 1996; Johnson & Walker, 1999).
Activation at the restriction point is a result of appropriate cyclin-cdk complex forming and will trigger the phosphorylation of proteins, which in tern activates M-phase cyclins, thereby leading to the transition into G2/M checkpoint. Conversely should an error occur during DNA replication G1/S cyclin-cdk complexes (at the restriction point) will not bind and hence inhibition of cycle progression to G2/M checkpoint will occur.(Morgan D, 2007)
2. What takes place at the G2 checkpoint?
- The cell is checked to make sure that DNA is replicated successfully and that two identical sets of the genome are now present and intact (Elledge, 1996).
- Proof reading of both sets of the genome takes place and a check for molecular damage decides on whether the genome will be maintained, repaired or rejected (Shackelford, Kaufmann & Paules, 1999).
- If DNA repair is required, the cell cycle is delayed for the duration of the DNA repair.
- If DNA is badly damaged and rejected, apoptosis (programmed cell death) will be triggered.
- Overall competence of the cell to enter mitosis is determined. If the cell is ready, mitosis promoting factor (MPF) promotes the entrance into mitosis (Hartwell & Weinert, 1989).
3. At the M-phase checkpoint…
Presence of checkpoints in the cell cycle ensure duplication of genomic material occurs without error such that abnormalities resulting from genomic instability can be avoided (Elledge,1996).
When a cell starts dividing uncontrollably, producing more and more cells, which also divide uncontrollably, it eventually produces a mass of cell, known as a tumor. The tumor might them begin to interfere with normal body functions causing disease. Although not fully understood, it is thought that a tumor is the result of an abnormal regulation of the cell cycle.
Cellular abnormalities may also be a result of errors incurred during DNA replication wherein discrepancies in nucleotide sequences of the chromosome may be found. Such errors within a genome have the potential to cause cellular malfunctioning and mutation of the gene. Accumulation of mutated genetic material leads to the development of cancer.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Alberts B, Bray D, Hopkin K, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. Essentials in Cell Biology: 2nd Edition. Garland Science Textbooks. 2004.
- ↑ Singer S. A Short History of Biology. Clarendon, Oxford. 1931.
- ↑ Boye E, Nordström K. Coupling the cell cycle to cell growth. EMBO Rep. 2003 Aug;4(8):757-60. PMID 12897798
- ↑ Tanaka S, Nojima H. Nik1: a Nim1-like protein kinase of S. cerevisiae interacts with the Cdc28 complex and regulates cell cycle progression. Genes Cells. 1996 Oct;1(10):905-21. PMID 9077450
- ↑ Watson JD, Crick FH. Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature. 1953 Apr 25;171(4356):737-8. PMID 13054692
- ↑ Rao PN, Johnson RT. Mammalian cell fusion: studies on the regulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis. Nature. 1970 Jan 10;225(5228):159-64. PMID 5409962
- ↑ Pardee AB. A restriction point for control of normal animal cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr;71(4):1286-90. PMID 4524638
- ↑ Clarke L, Carbon J. Isolation of a yeast centromere and construction of functional small circular chromosomes. Nature. 1980 Oct 9;287(5782):504-9. PMID 6999364
- ↑ Evans T, Rosenthal ET, Youngblom J, Distel D, Hunt T. Cyclin: a protein specified by maternal mRNA in sea urchin eggs that is destroyed at each cleavage division. Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):389-96. PMID 6134587
- ↑ Murray AW, Kirschner MW. Cyclin synthesis drives the early embryonic cell cycle. Nature. 1989 May 25;339(6222):275-80. PMID 2566917
- ↑ Murray AW, Solomon MJ, Kirschner MW. The role of cyclin synthesis and degradation in the control of maturation promoting factor activity. Nature. 1989 May 25;339(6222):280-6. PMID 2566918
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Hartwell LH, Weinert TA. Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events. Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):629-34. PMID 2683079
- ↑ Baker SJ, Fearon ER, Nigro JM, Hamilton SR, Preisinger AC, Jessup JM, vanTuinen P, Ledbetter DH, Barker DF, Nakamura Y, White R, Vogelstein B. Chromosome 17 deletions and p53 gene mutations in colorectal carcinomas. Science. 1989 Apr 14;244(4901):217-21. PMID 2649981
- ↑ Matsushime H, Roussel MF, Ashmun RA, Sherr CJ. Colony-stimulating factor 1 regulates novel cyclins during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Cell. 1991 May 17;65(4):701-13. PMID 1827757
- ↑ Koff A, Cross F, Fisher A, Schumacher J, Leguellec K, Philippe M, Roberts JM. Human cyclin E, a new cyclin that interacts with two members of the CDC2 gene family. Cell. 1991 Sep 20;66(6):1217-28. PMID 1833068
- ↑ Xiong Y, Hannon GJ, Zhang H, Casso D, Kobayashi R, Beach D. p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases. Nature. 1993 Dec 16;366(6456):701-4. PMID 8259214
- ↑ Harper JW, Adami GR, Wei N, Keyomarsi K, Elledge SJ. The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell. 1993 Nov 19;75(4):805-16. PMID 8242751
- ↑ Serrano M, Hannon GJ, Beach D. A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4. Nature. 1993 Dec 16;366(6456):704-7. PMID 8259215
- ↑ Polyak K, Kato JY, Solomon MJ, Sherr CJ, Massague J, Roberts JM, Koff A. p27Kip1, a cyclin-Cdk inhibitor, links transforming growth factor-beta and contact inhibition to cell cycle arrest. Genes Dev. 1994 Jan;8(1):9-22. PMID 8288131
- ↑ Meijer L, Jézéquel A, Ducommun B. (Eds.) Progress in Cell Cycle Research. Volume 4. Springer:Toulouse, France. 2000. Link
- ↑ Foundation N. The Cell Cycle Development. WileyBlackwell. 2001.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Copper GM, Hausman RE. The Cell: A Molecular Approach, 4th Ed. 2006 ASM Press and Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2006.
- ↑ Smith JA, Martin L. Do cells cycle? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Apr;70(4):1263-7. PMID 4515625
- ↑ Shackelford RE, Kaufmann WK, Paules RS. Cell cycle control, checkpoint mechanisms, and genotoxic stress. Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Feb;107 Suppl 1:5-24. PMID 10229703
- ↑ Sherr CJ. Cancer cell cycles. Science. 1996 Dec 6;274(5293):1672-7. PMID 8939849
- ↑ P.Champe,R.Harvey,D.Ferrier; Lippincott's illustrated reviews :Biochemisty 4th Edition;chapter 29,pp395-400
- ↑ P.Champe,R.Harvey,D.Ferrier; Lippincott's illustrated reviews :Biochemisty 4th Edition;chapter 29,pp395-400
- ↑ P.Champe,R.Harvey,D.Ferrier; Lippincott's illustrated reviews :Biochemisty 4th Edition;chapter 29,pp395-400
- ↑ Copper GM, Hausman RE. The Cell: A Molecular Approach, 4th ed. 2006 ASM Press and Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2006
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Pardee AB, Dubrow R, Hamlin JL, Kletzien RF. Animal cell cycle. Annu Rev Biochem. 1978;47:715-50. PMID 354504
- ↑ Bell SP, Dutta A. DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Annu Rev Biochem. 2002;71:333-74. PMID 12045100
- ↑ Israels ED, Israels LG. The cell cycle. Oncologist. 2000;5(6):510-3. PMID 11110604
- ↑ Johnson DG, Walker CL. Cyclins and cell cycle checkpoints. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1999;39:295-312. PMID 10331086
- ↑ Kaufmann WK, Paules RS. DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoints. FASEB J. 1996 Feb;10(2):238-47. PMID 8641557
- ↑ Taylor WR, Stark GR. Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53. Oncogene. 2001 Apr 5;20(15):1803-15. PMID 10331086
- Alberts, B., Bray, D., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2003). Essentials in Cell Biology, 2nd ed. Garland Science Textbooks.
- Bell, S. P., & Dutta, A. (2002). DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Annual Review of Biochemistry., 71, 333-374.
- Boye, E., & Nordstrom, K. (2003). Coupling the cell cycle to cell growth: A look at the parameters that regulate cell-cycle events. Embryology Reports 4, 8, 757–760.
- Copper, G. M., & Hausman, R. E. (2006). The Cell: A Molecular Approach, 4th ed. 2006 ASM Press and Sinauer Associates, Inc.
- Elledge SJ. Cell cycle checkpoints: Preventing an identity crisis. Science. 1996 Dec;274(5293):1664-1672.
- Foundation, N. (2001). The Cell Cycle Development. WileyBlackwell.
- Germann, W. J., & Stanfiled, C. L. (2005). Principles of Human Physiology, 2nd ed. San Francisco: Pearson Education.
- Hartwell LH, Weinert TA. Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events. Science. 1989;246(4930):629-634.
- Israels ED, Israels LG. The cell cycle. Oncologist. 2000 Dec;5(6):510-3. PMID11110604
- Johnson DG, Walker CL. Cyclins and cell cycle checkpoints. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 1999;39:295-312.
- Kaufmann WK, Paules RS. DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoints. FASEB Journal. 1996 Feb;10(2):238-47. PMID8641557
- Nojima, H., & Tanaka, S. (1996). Nik1: a Nim1-like protein kinase of S. cerevisiae interacts with the Cdc28 complex and regulates cell cycle progression. Genes Cells 1, 905-921.
- O'Connell MJ, Walworth NC, Carr AM. The G2-phase DNA-damage checkpoint. Trends in Cell Biology. 2000;10(7):296-303.
- Pardee, A. B. (1989). G1 events and regulation of cell proliferation. Science 246, 603–608.
- Pardee AB, Dubrow R, Hamlin JL, Kletzien RF. Animal cell cycle. Annual Review of Biochemistry. 1978;47:715-750.
- Shackelford RE, Kaufmann WK, Paules RS. Cell cycle control, checkpoint mechanisms, and genotoxic stress. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1999;107(1): 5-24.
- Sherr CJ. Cancer cell cycles. Science. 1996;274:1672-1677.
- Sherr, C. J. (1994). G1 phase progression: cycling on cue. Cell 79, 551-555.
- Singer, S. (1931). A Short History of Biology. Clarendon, Oxford.
- Smith JA, Martin L. Do cells cycle? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1973 Apr;70(4):1263-1267.
- Taylor WR, Stark GR. Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53. Oncogene. 2001 Apr;20(15):1803-1815.
Weeks 2-3
- Allocate sections to group members (See above)
- Research topic and headings
Weeks 3-6
- Write and format Wiki
- Citation and reference
- Use 'edit' and 'discussion' to make comments/ explanations
Week 7
- Review and edit project page as allocated
Week 9-10
- Monitor and review all the edits
- Write group reflection
- Download all the edits made during the 'edit' period
Week 11
- Submit final wiki version by WEDNESDAY
2009 Group Projects
--Mark Hill 14:02, 19 March 2009 (EST) Please leave these links to all group projects at the bottom of your project page.
Group 1 Meiosis | Group 2 Cell Death - Apoptosis | Group 3 Cell Division | Group 4 Trk Receptors | Group 5 The Cell Cycle | Group 6 Golgi Apparatus | Group 7 Mitochondria | Group 8 Cell Death - Necrosis | Group 9 Nucleus | Group 10 Cell Shape


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Tagged: Gordon Beckham
Tuesday's Angels Beat White Sox & Fans Rock Their Inner Strongbad
Yay, the lit Halo enveloped in a haze of fireworks returns to my blog, meaning the Angels won last night and I was there to see it! I was a little concerned after Monday. To re-cap: these May White Sox? They are not the April White Sox. They are actually the White Sox which means that if you make mistakes, they will make you pay. Unfortunately, Monday's Angels were not the 2011 Angels, I swear they were some AA team that swiped our uniforms – which is bound to happen now and then over the course of a season…or, like, again tonight in the 8th inning. Wily AA teams. So, anyway, Monday poor Ervin Santana was dealing for an inning and then he just fell apart. Was he "inspired" by Alberto Callaspo's poor running decision? By our complete inability to cash in on an amazing scoring opportunity in the second inning…or the fourth…or the…well, you get the general idea? The pitchers couldn't keep the ball in the park, the batters couldn't hit when it counted, there were a few questionable plays in the field, Jeff Mathis became a pinch hitter (?!?) and Vernon Wells left for the 15 Day DL with a pulled groin muscle. I think he may actually be on the DL longer than that. Watching the replay of the swing where he injured himself will make you cringe, especially if you yourself have ever known the "joy" of a pulled groin. In short, it was Not A Good Game.
But back to last night. It was still the May White Sox taking the field but, fortunately, I think the Angels went to bed angry last night because they showed up on a mission to redeem themselves. They started smacking the ball right away, took the lead in the first inning and never gave it up, though the White Sox threatened at times. It was A Great Game! And here are my photos to help take you all there with me.
For this game, Seth and I entered foul ball territory. This is my view of the field without any zoom, sitting immediately behind the blue sleeved lady in the front row. (Yes, the Angels' Dodger fan siblings often come to visit when the Dodgers are out of town and we gladly return the favor. It's a lot of fun living in a two team town – for large, dual county definitions of town.) And these seats were a better price than even our last seats. The moral of my story? Angels fans are a panicky lot, especially after last season. When the Red Sox sweep the Angels at home, go to a resale site and buy cheap tickets. It will ease your pain:
Howie Kendrick runs to second for an eventual double in the 3rd as Gordon Beckham waits for the throw from Juan Pierre. I have to say, of all the outfield permutations I thought of for the evening with Wells on the DL, Howie in Left was not one of them. But watching him move out there and knowing how much I like his glove and his arm, I think it could work – he looks good tonight! Left field was really quiet for most of the game however, so rather than a fascinating Howie just standing there shot, I give you this photo (taken by Seth) instead:
Joel Pineiro stares down a runner at 2nd base as Callaspo (3rd base) switches into position. Pineiro had another excellent start, going 7 2/3 innings with five strike outs and one walk. And what he was throwing for strikes? Nice. He did give up one homerun, so the White Sox smacked some of the pretty off of his E.R.A. But it all worked out in the end and I am just glad to see Pineiro back on the mound and in the same great form he showed us last season…though I wish I could find the Angels Luchador Mask video ad he filmed with Santana somewhere online to share with you all. Pretty funny stuff:
Angels fans say, 'Oh no, it's just that they're terribly comfortable. I think everyone will be wearing them in the future.' Because, of course, last night was also the much hyped Angels Luchador Mask night. This promotion had equal potential for being really stupid or a heck of a lot of fun and it was decidedly the latter. It didn't tread on watching the game much, if at all – which would have annoyed me – and fans had a blast. We donned the so-silly-they're-actually-pretty-darned-cool-looking-things at the top of the 5th for 10 minutes to set the record, though many wore them for most of the game. As the season progresses, I expect these masks to take on Rally Monkey-esque significance…or at least Angels Gnome-esque significance:
Some fans went all out for the occasion, donning actual Luchador regalia or, in the case of these two super Angels fans below, constructing entire Luchador costumes out of previous Angels giveaways. I thought they looked so creative and fantastic that we had to snap a photo. Well done guys!!:
Torii Hunter takes a strong swing. This at bat would turn into a single in the 5th. The Angels bats were nice and busy Tuesday night with 12 hits in all, including a homerun from Maicer Izturis…yes, Maicer. Whooo. Hooo:
Erick Aybar slides back into first to avoid a pickoff attempt as Paul Konerko catches the ball. Aybar is currently leading the team in stolen bases with 9. This thrills me to no end because it's one more sign that the Angels are back to playing Angels baseball and all is once more right with my world:
Aybar (short stop) and Mark Trumbo (first base) move with the pitch as A.J. Pierzynski, having doubled in the 7th, takes a lead off second base. Even if it was mostly so John Denks could get to Mathis, it was really funny to watch him pitch around Trumbo twice. It's enough to give a lesser rookie a big head, I'm sure:
While Fernando Rodney warms up for the last out of the 8th inning, Peter Bourjos, Torii and Reggie Willits (replacing Howie in left) chat and stretch in centerfield. Could Peter and Reggie be trying to talk Torii into long socks? Reggie in left is another outfield permutation we're likely to see a lot of while Wells is on the DL. I think this will work as a stop gap measure. I like his glove and his speed. I just hope we don't see too steep a learning curve as Willits and Bourjos adapt to one another. I should also note that, although I cringed when I saw Rodney striding out from the Bullpen (but cheered him on robustly as he passed our seats), he did really well:
Scott Downs winds up while Callaspo moves into position. Downs took over the closer role for the evening as this was technically a non-close situation. He sure pitched like a closer though, sitting them down one, two, three. Well. Okay. Maybe that was more like one, twwwwooooo, three. Pierzynski, who was less impressed than I, fouled off many pitches before grounding out. A note on Callaspo. Everything I wrote in the offseason about our hole at third base? I am pleased to say I no longer think we have one. Whether it's Maicer or Callaspo, I think third base is looking pretty darned good these days:
And that was the game. I had an absolute blast. I wanted to come home and immediately buy tickets for the rubber match, or at least post these photos, but I had to finish my meeting prep for today instead. Then today was such that…well…I got home at 8 and am posting about game 2 as game 3 heads into unecessary extra innings and the bullpen is making me ill. I tell you, this working for a living thing…well, it beats the alternative with a caber sized stick, I can tell you that much, LOL!
Game 3 Edit/Addendum – Wednesday's Angels, on the Other Hand:
Yuck! Did that just really happen? With the blown save and the self-destructing bullpen and the run. Scoring. On. An. Intentional. Walk. Wild. Pitch!? I realize it's part of the necessary learning process but Jordan Walden needs to stop working on the change-up when it's just not happening and the game is on the line. Ever since he started working on it, things have been…interesting, occasionally for Hoban Washburne definitions of interesting. He'll get it down. I'm sure of it. But in the mean time? And Kevin Jepsen? Well, are we already back to last season's two out of three rock but that third outing will kill you every time? Also, I do not like uber-specialized pitching to begin with, and I really do not like our very recent – as in, since Tampa Bay recent – moves to bring star relievers in for just one or two batters in an inning. Wouldn't it have been nice to have either Scott Downs or Rich Thompson available later in the game?
Tyler Chatwood pitched well enough to win. It's a pity the Bullpen decided to have an early April relapse. It's just one game. It's only the third series we've lost so far this season. And amateur hour is going to happen for the best of teams from time to time. I understand it. But I don't like it and I really hope my 2011 Angels show up in Texas, not this strange AA team that occasionally puts on their uniforms.
Hmmm…maybe I should go check out those ticket prices online tomorrow morning.

subset: commoncrawl


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LOS ANGELES — Kanye West has pleaded no contest to misdemeanor battery against a photographer at Los Angeles International Airport last year in a special plea in which he maintains his innocence.
West entered the plea through his attorney and did not attend the court hearing Monday.
West was sentenced to two years of probation, 24 anger management therapy sessions and 250 hours of community service.
The rapper did not reach a civil settlement with the paparazzo, and his plea cannot be used against him in a civil lawsuit.
West was charged with misdemeanor counts of battery and grand theft after an altercation at LAX with photographer Daniel Ramos in July.
Ramos claimed West punched him in an unprovoked attack and wrestled his camera to the ground during the scuffle.


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County criticized: Teen's parents consider lawsuit
Six months after a handcuffed 13-year-old was frog-marched out of Jack Jouett Middle School and charged in an alleged bomb plot, the boy started the ninth grade August 21 at Albemarle High.
That he was back in a county school at all was thanks to a jury's acquittal on August 16– five days before the start of school– on charges of conspiring to commit murder and blow up Western Albemarle and Albemarle high schools. Otherwise, he faced permanent expulsion– and none of the local private schools would touch him.
His relieved family spent the weekend settling down after the last week's trial, acquittal, and publicity. But it was not all celebration. "We've been laying out what happened to us," says the boy's father (The Hook is not identifying the teen because of his age). Lawsuit? "We have not dismissed the idea," says the dad.
The family's nightmare began February 1 when an Albemarle police officer asked them to bring their son in for questioning as a possible witness to the alleged conspiracy.
"You're not under arrest," Sgt. Linda Jenkins told the boy on the videotape of her interview with him. "You're not in any trouble. You may be a witness."
During last week's trial and after, the family and their lawyer blasted what they call Jenkins' "deceptive approach" to the interview with the boy.
"It really outrages me," says defense attorney David Heilberg. "I don't think police should be lying to anybody, especially a teenager. They flat-out lied to my client. What are we teaching our children about trusting police?"
In the tape of the police interview, the boy repeatedly tells Jenkins the alleged plot was a joke– and that he didn't even know the Western Albemarle teen the prosecution called the "head planner."
Jenkins seemed not to take no for an answer. According to WINA talk-radio host Coy Barefoot, Jenkins asked the boy 29 times if the plot might have been real– that's nearly once a minute during the 34 minutes of the interview.
In court, Jenkins maintained that the 13-year-old was not a suspect until after the family voluntarily brought in its computer and Detective Gary Pistulka told her it had been tampered with.
That's another sore point for the family. "[The boy] was detained for 60 days because Detective Pistulka said the computer was tampered with," says Heilberg. "You didn't hear about that in court."
Pistulka testified that as an investigator he does interviews and executes search warrants. He also takes possession of computers, performs analysis using software in which he's not certified, and writes reports.
"I think it's inexcusable," says the boy's father, "that in the county, one, the only person who does computer forensics is not certified, and two– even more inexcusable– there's no one to check his work."
To the father, that demonstrates "no proper chain of custody with Pistulka handling evidence that will affect the case."
Jenkins and Pistulka did not return phone calls from the Hook by press time.
When police held a press conference February 3 to announce the arrest of three students, electronic communications were identified as the basis for the alleged conspiracy.
Yet during the trial, the prosecution did not introduce any evidence involving computers, instead relying upon six other teens who said the boy had told them "they" were going to blow up school April 20, the anniversary of school shootings in Columbine, Colorado, and the birthday of the Western Albemarle student. Most of the witnesses said they thought it was a joke, and that the boy was upset when he made the statements.
For the jury, which deliberated for four hours, "It didn't seem there was enough concrete evidence of conspiracy," says jury foreman Wesley Lewis. "The prosecution did leave reasonable doubt."
Lewis declined to discuss the factors that led to the jury's decision. "We did not take the case lightly," he says. "If we thought that, we wouldn't have deliberated for four hours."
A father of three children in Albemarle schools, Lewis would like to see more communications between parents and schools in the community. "It boiled down to kids knowing information and not communicating it," he says.
"I would have been in deep shock if [the 13-year-old] had been found guilty," says the mother of the Western Albemarle teen, who is still in juvenile detention. Her son has an appeal date of January 10.
The other 13-year-old Jouett student reportedly did his time in juvenile detention and is not appealing. His parents did not return a reporter's call.
Several of the accused teens' parents report feeling intimidated by the prosecution. Commonwealth's Attorney Jim Camblos told the press after the case was heard in a three-day Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court on March 28, "If anybody talks about it, they're in violation of a court order. If you write about it, we'll come after you to ask who talked about it."
The formerly outspoken father of the now 16-year-old former Albemarle High student is hesitant to comment on the acquittal because his own son is facing an appeal. "I don't want to say anything because I feel intimidated," he says.
In an interview outside the Albemarle Circuit Court this week, Camblos maintains that with closed cases in juvenile court, "They're not supposed to talk about it."
"There's a statute in the code if [cases] are closed," adds Assistant Commonwealth's Attorney Darby Lowe, who prosecuted the teens and who was awarded a special chief's award from the Albemarle County police May 18.
Both Camblos and Lowe scoff at suggestions of prosecutorial intimidation. She points out that in the appeal of the 16-year-old in circuit court, it was the defense that asked that a hearing be closed.
And Lowe responds to critics questioning whether the case ever should have been brought to trial. "Did they sit in the courtroom and listen to the evidence?" she queries. "There was significant evidence. Is it for Jim or the police to determine, rather than the judicial system? We would have been derelict in our duty if we hadn't prosecuted." And, she wonders, what would citizen response be if there had been another Columbine.
"We were disappointed," says Camblos. "It was a well-presented trial on both sides, and the jury took 4 1/2 hours to make a decision."
Amid community criticism of how the case was handled, Camblos acknowledges that, in such a high-profile case involving safety and children, there would be dissatisfaction no matter what. "The commonwealth's attorney job is a difficult job," he says.
He adds, "The system worked."
The 13-year-old's family is still assessing its recent ordeal. For one, there are legal fees from two court appearances. "Just the two days in court last week was a four-year private college," sighs the father.
He also notes that he and his wife lost work when their son, after 60 days in juvenile detention, served another 60 days of house arrest. Between April 18 and 22, the days surrounding the would-be Columbine-like attack, they were required to be within arm's length of their son, even when he was in the bathroom.
And then there's the mental anguish. "They were so flip about throwing this kid's life away," complains the father. "They were so flip about first-degree murder charges. That part I'll never forgive. The question is, are they looking for truth or looking for arrests or promotions?"
He's also outraged that his son was arrested at school. "It has nothing to do with public safety, nothing to do with the truth. I think that's what they're supposed to do."
Vows the father, "We're not done. I don't want this to happen to other families– or others who couldn't afford attorneys or couldn't spend the five hours a day doing research."
And his lawyer offers some advice for Albemarle parents. "You just don't send your teenager down to the police without a lawyer," counsels Heilberg. "It's more important for a teenager than an adult to have a lawyer. Teenagers are such easy pickings because they'll say anything."
And with zero-tolerance policies, an adolescent could find himself kicked out of school even without being convicted of a crime.
Last week, the newly acquitted 13-year-old appeared on the radio with his father. This week, he's not as eager to talk to the media.
"I think he just wants to be an everyday kid and not make a spectacle of being back at school," says his mom.
The next significant date for the family– August 27– won't be a court date. Says the boy's mother, "He's looking forward to his 14th birthday."
"I don't think police should be lying to anybody, especially a teenager," says defense attorney David Heilberg. "They flat-out lied to my client. What are we teaching our children about trusting police?"
Commonwealth's Attorney Jim Camblos is "disappointed" with last week's acquittal of a 13-year-old. He says the case is one of the hardest his office has tried because of its high profile, and because it involved the safety of children.


text: NASDAQ:AMGN Amgen Stock Forecast, Price & News Adding Choose a watchlist: Adding You have already added five stocks to your watchlist. Upgrade to MarketBeat Daily Premium to add more stocks to your watchlist. Adding Amgen, Inc. Please log in to your account or sign up in order to add this asset to your watchlist. Log In and Add $243.82 +3.50 (+1.46 %) (As of 09/28/2020 07:13 AM ET) Add Compare Share Today's Range$237.81Now: $243.82▼$244.1850-Day Range$234.65MA: $244.49▼$258.1252-Week Range$177.05Now: $243.82▼$264.97Volume2.64 million shsAverage Volume2.89 million shsMarket Capitalization$142.80 billionP/E Ratio19.92Dividend Yield2.62%Beta0.85 ProfileAnalyst RatingsChartCompetitorsDividendEarningsFinancialsInsider TradesInstitutional OwnershipHeadlinesOptions ChainSEC FilingsShort InterestSocial Media Amgen Inc. discovers, develops, manufactures, and delivers human therapeutics worldwide. It offers products for the treatment of oncology/hematology, cardiovascular, inflammation, bone health, and neuroscience. The company's products include Enbrel to treat plaque psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis; Neulasta, a pegylated protein to treat cancer patients; Prolia to treat postmenopausal women with osteoporosis; Aranesp to treat anemia; Xgeva for skeletal-related events prevention; Sensipar/Mimpara products to treat sHPT in chronic kidney disease; and EPOGEN to treat a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells. It also markets other products in various markets, including Kyprolis, Nplate, Vectibix, Repatha, NEUPOGEN, Parsabiv, Blincyto, Aimovig, Imlygic, Corlanor, Kanjintitm, and Amgevitatm. Amgen Inc. serves healthcare providers, including physicians or their clinics, dialysis centers, hospitals, and pharmacies. It distributes its products through pharmaceutical wholesale distributors, as well as direct-to-consumer channels. The company has collaborative agreements with Novartis; UCB; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.; and DaVita Inc. Amgen Inc. was founded in 1980 and is headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California.Read More Beat the Market (BTM) Rank™ 2.3 Analyst's Opinion Consensus RatingAmgen has received a consensus rating of Buy. The company's average rating score is 2.54, and is based on 16 buy ratings, 11 hold ratings, and 1 sell rating.Price Target Upside/DownsideAccording to analysts' consensus price target of $255.28, Amgen has a forecasted upside of 4.7% from its current price of $243.82.Amount of Analyst CoverageAmgen has been the subject of 13 research reports in the past 90 days, demonstrating strong analyst interest in this stock. Previous Next 3.0 Community Rank Outperform VotesAmgen has received 1,407 "outperform" votes. (Add your "outperform" vote.)Underperform VotesAmgen has received 939 "underperform" votes. (Add your "underperform" vote.)Community SentimentAmgen has received 59.97% "outperform" votes from our community.MarketBeat's community ratings are surveys of what our community members think about Amgen and other stocks. Vote "Outperform" if you believe AMGN will outperform the S&P 500 over the long term. Vote "Underperform" if you believe AMGN will underperform the S&P 500 over the long term. You may vote once every thirty days. Previous Next 2.5 Dividend Strength Dividend YieldAmgen pays a meaningful dividend of 2.62%, higher than the bottom 25% of all stocks that pay dividends.Dividend GrowthAmgen has only been increasing its dividend for 1 years.Dividend CoverageThe dividend payout ratio of Amgen is 43.18%. This payout ratio is at a healthy, sustainable level, below 75%.Dividend SustainabilityBased on earnings estimates, Amgen will have a dividend payout ratio of 38.58% next year. This indicates that Amgen will be able to sustain or increase its dividend. Previous Next 1.0 Company Ownership Insider Buying vs. Insider SellingIn the past three months, Amgen insiders have sold more of their company's stock than they have bought. Specifically, they have bought $0.00 in company stock and sold $561,548.00 in company stock.Percentage Held by InsidersOnly 0.36% of the stock of Amgen is held by insiders.Percentage Held by Institutions75.23% of the stock of Amgen is held by institutions. High institutional ownership can be a signal of strong market trust in this company. Previous Next 1.3 Earnings and Valuation Earnings GrowthEarnings for Amgen are expected to grow by 6.07% in the coming year, from $15.64 to $16.59 per share.Price to Earnings Ratio vs. the MarketThe P/E ratio of Amgen is 19.92, which means that it is trading at a more expensive P/E ratio than the market average P/E ratio of about 17.65.Price to Earnings Ratio vs. SectorThe P/E ratio of Amgen is 19.92, which means that it is trading at a less expensive P/E ratio than the Medical sector average P/E ratio of about 21.02.Price to Earnings Growth RatioAmgen has a PEG Ratio of 2.15. PEG Ratios above 1 indicate that a company could be overvalued.Price to Book Value per Share RatioAmgen has a P/B Ratio of 14.98. P/B Ratios above 3 indicate that a company could be overvalued with respect to its assets and liabilities. Previous Next Analyst Opinion: 2.3Community Rank: 3.0Dividend Strength: 2.5Insider Behavior: 1.0Valuation: 1.3 5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -Overall Beat the Market Rank™2.00 out of 5 stars Industry, Sector and Symbol Stock Exchange NASDAQ Industry Biological products, except diagnostic Sub-IndustryBiotechnology SectorMedical Current SymbolNASDAQ:AMGN Previous Symbol CUSIP03116210 CIK318154 Webwww.amgen.com Phone805-447-1000Debt Debt-to-Equity Ratio3.20 Current Ratio2.18 Quick Ratio1.81Price-To-Earnings Trailing P/E Ratio19.92 Forward P/E Ratio15.59 P/E Growth2.15 Sales & Book Value Annual Sales$23.36 billion Price / Sales6.11 Cash Flow$18.90 per share Price / Cash Flow12.90 Book Value$16.28 per share Price / Book14.98Profitability EPS (Most Recent Fiscal Year)$14.82 Net Income$7.84 billion Net Margins30.04% Return on Equity91.98% Return on Assets15.24%Miscellaneous Employees23,400 Outstanding Shares585,694,000Market Cap$142.80 billion Next Earnings Date11/3/2020 (Estimated) OptionableOptionable $243.82 +3.50 (+1.46 %) (As of 09/28/2020 07:13 AM ET) 30 days | 90 days | 365 days | Advanced Chart Receive AMGN News and Ratings via Email Sign-up to receive the latest news and ratings for AMGN and its competitors with MarketBeat's FREE daily newsletter. Amgen (NASDAQ:AMGN) Frequently Asked Questions How has Amgen's stock price been impacted by Coronavirus (COVID-19)? Amgen's stock was trading at $198.65 on March 11th, 2020 when Coronavirus (COVID-19) reached pandemic status according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Since then, AMGN stock has increased by 22.7% and is now trading at $243.82. View which stocks have been most impacted by COVID-19. Do Wall Street analysts recommend investors buy shares of Amgen? 28 Wall Street analysts have issued "buy," "hold," and "sell" ratings for Amgen in the last year. There are currently 1 sell rating, 11 hold ratings and 16 buy ratings for the stock, resulting in a consensus recommendation of "Buy." View analyst ratings for Amgen. When is Amgen's next earnings date? Amgen is scheduled to release its next quarterly earnings announcement on Tuesday, November 3rd 2020. View our earnings forecast for Amgen. How were Amgen's earnings last quarter? Amgen, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMGN) posted its quarterly earnings data on Tuesday, July, 28th. The medical research company reported $4.25 earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter, topping the consensus estimate of $3.81 by $0.44. The medical research company had revenue of $6.21 billion for the quarter, compared to analyst estimates of $6.19 billion. Amgen had a net margin of 30.04% and a return on equity of 91.98%. Amgen's revenue for the quarter was up 5.7% compared to the same quarter last year. During the same quarter in the previous year, the business earned $3.97 EPS. View Amgen's earnings history. How often does Amgen pay dividends? What is the dividend yield for Amgen? Amgen announced a quarterly dividend on Thursday, July 23rd. Stockholders of record on Monday, August 17th will be paid a dividend of $1.60 per share on Tuesday, September 8th. This represents a $6.40 dividend on an annualized basis and a dividend yield of 2.62%. The ex-dividend date of this dividend is Friday, August 14th. View Amgen's dividend history. What guidance has Amgen issued on next quarter's earnings? Amgen issued an update on its FY20 earnings guidance on Tuesday, July, 28th. The company provided EPS guidance of $15.10-15.75 for the period, compared to the Thomson Reuters consensus EPS estimate of $15.63. The company issued revenue guidance of $25.0-25.6 billion, compared to the consensus revenue estimate of $25.38 billion. What price target have analysts set for AMGN? 28 brokers have issued 1 year price objectives for Amgen's stock. Their forecasts range from $185.00 to $300.00. On average, they anticipate Amgen's stock price to reach $255.28 in the next twelve months. This suggests a possible upside of 4.7% from the stock's current price. View analysts' price targets for Amgen. Are investors shorting Amgen? Amgen saw a increase in short interest in the month of August. As of August 31st, there was short interest totaling 6,200,000 shares, an increase of 41.2% from the August 15th total of 4,390,000 shares. Based on an average trading volume of 2,630,000 shares, the short-interest ratio is currently 2.4 days. Approximately 1.1% of the shares of the stock are sold short. View Amgen's Short Interest. Who are some of Amgen's key competitors? Some companies that are related to Amgen include Gilead Sciences (GILD), Celgene (CELG), Vertex Pharmaceuticals (VRTX), Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (REGN), Biogen (BIIB), Seattle Genetics (SGEN), Alexion Pharmaceuticals (ALXN), Immunomedics (IMMU), Incyte (INCY), Alnylam Pharmaceuticals (ALNY), EXACT Sciences (EXAS), BioMarin Pharmaceutical (BMRN), Neurocrine Biosciences (NBIX), Repligen (RGEN) and Exelixis (EXEL). View all competitors. What other stocks do shareholders of Amgen own? Based on aggregate information from My MarketBeat watchlists, some companies that other Amgen investors own include Johnson & Johnson (JNJ), NVIDIA (NVDA), Intel (INTC), Cisco Systems (CSCO), Pfizer (PFE), AbbVie (ABBV), AT&T (T), Walt Disney (DIS), Alibaba Group (BABA) and JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM). Who are Amgen's key executives? Amgen's management team includes the following people: Mr. Robert A. Bradway, Chairman, CEO & Pres (Age 56)Mr. David W. Meline, Exec. VP & CFO (Age 62)Mr. Jonathan P. Graham, Sr. VP, Gen. Counsel & Sec. (Age 58)Dr. David M. Reese M.D., Exec. VP of R&D (Age 56)Mr. Murdo Gordon, Exec. VP of Global Commercial Operations (Age 52) What is Amgen's stock symbol? Amgen trades on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "AMGN." Who are Amgen's major shareholders? Amgen's stock is owned by a variety of institutional and retail investors. Top institutional investors include Vanguard Group Inc. (8.34%), BlackRock Inc. (8.32%), FMR LLC (2.92%), Nordea Investment Management AB (1.43%), Bank of New York Mellon Corp (1.14%) and Nuveen Asset Management LLC (0.67%). Company insiders that own Amgen stock include Cynthia M Patton, David Piacquad, David W Meline, Jonathan P Graham, R Sanders Williams, Ronald D Sugar and Tyler Jacks. View institutional ownership trends for Amgen. Which major investors are selling Amgen stock? AMGN stock was sold by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Vanguard Group Inc., Advisor Group Holdings Inc., Pzena Investment Management LLC, FMR LLC, Toronto Dominion Bank, LSV Asset Management, Healthcare of Ontario Pension Plan Trust Fund, and AQR Capital Management LLC. Company insiders that have sold Amgen company stock in the last year include David Piacquad, David W Meline, Jonathan P Graham, R Sanders Williams, and Ronald D Sugar. View insider buying and selling activity for Amgen. Which major investors are buying Amgen stock? AMGN stock was bought by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Nordea Investment Management AB, BlackRock Inc., Raymond James Financial Services Advisors Inc., Robeco Institutional Asset Management B.V., Marshall Wace North America L.P., Man Group plc, Thrivent Financial for Lutherans, and Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Holdings Inc.. View insider buying and selling activity for Amgen. How do I buy shares of Amgen? Shares of AMGN can be purchased through any online brokerage account. Popular online brokerages with access to the U.S. stock market include Vanguard Brokerage Services, TD Ameritrade, E*TRADE, Robinhood, Fidelity, and Charles Schwab. What is Amgen's stock price today? One share of AMGN stock can currently be purchased for approximately $243.82. How big of a company is Amgen? Amgen has a market capitalization of $142.80 billion and generates $23.36 billion in revenue each year. The medical research company earns $7.84 billion in net income (profit) each year or $14.82 on an earnings per share basis. Amgen employs 23,400 workers across the globe. What is Amgen's official website? The official website for Amgen is www.amgen.com. How can I contact Amgen? Amgen's mailing address is ONE AMGEN CENTER DRIVE, THOUSAND OAKS CA, 91320. The medical research company can be reached via phone at 805-447-1000 or via email at [email protected] This page was last updated on 9/28/2020 by MarketBeat.com Staff 30 Days of MarketBeat All Access for $1.00 Sign up for MarketBeat All Access to gain access to MarketBeat's full suite of research tools: Best-in-Class Portfolio Monitoring View the latest news, buy/sell ratings, SEC filings and insider transactions for your stocks. Compare your portfolio performance to leading indices and get personalized stock ideas based on your portfolio. Stock Ideas and Recommendations Get daily stock ideas top-performing Wall Street analysts. 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Say what you like about Martha's Vineyard's fairly one-dimensional Willy Mason, but he, like a successful business, does his one thing very well. The one thing in this case is edge-of-the-porch folk that evokes camp fires more than anarchic bonfires. And he's such a lovely boy, too.
Despite the Team Love release of Mason's word-of-mouth hit Where The Humans Eat in the States, comparisons to Conor Oberst are misplaced. The two have similar tonal qualities but, despite 'Oxygen' being adopted as a proto-protest song post-Four more years, Mason was always distinctly less politicised. A bit more subtle than 'Let's Not Shit Ourselves', but alert enough to avoid the empty sloganeering of, say, Coldplay.
But there's still an element of protest in Mason's records; protest against a world that's flying past us all before we know it. Mason sounds like the soundtrack of a stubborn decline rather than a bloody fight. And that's no bad thing - we all get left behind sometimes.
Strikingly mature for a 22-year-old, Mason proved his worth as a musician of genuine note last year in London. One man with just an acoustic guitar in front of 3,000 passionate Radiohead fans at the Hammersmith Apollo, he could have been a lamb to the slaughter. But Mason was self-assured and, let's face it, good enough to silence the giant room. He even had a Paddington Bear thrown at him as an end-of set treat.
Unsurprisingly, given his upbringing on an island, water dominates proceedings. Rivers move on as Mason's friends travel away from the small island of the Vineyard, to university and beyond and Oor Wullie sits on his rocking chair mulling over What It All Means. Oceans, trees and, er, rivers and oceans pop up over and over, which suggests two things – a grand narrative plan for the record, or a lack of imagination.
'Riptide' sees the singer trotting down to the beach in search of, well, nothing in particular. It's a great song though, which takes in Mason coming to terms with himself as, of all things, a grown up. "I guess this is me." It's weird when you realise that, eh?
There are times, like the title track, when Mason veers into dull singer-songwriter mode. Which isn't surprising given the limited range of the album – there's little more than guitar, bass and feathery drums on most of the tracks and on the few occasions where there isn't enough melody to shoulder the day means the unattached listener will simply shut off.
In 'Save Myself' Mason repeats the mantra "slow and steady" over and over, and it's a reiteration of his musical tactics. There's no sonic arsenal, nothing to make you sit and check your ears, just gentle, simple songs that sound like the laments of a sad generation. Mason seems to have survived the minor hype of selling 100,000 records. Give him a few more years to simmer and who knows how good he might be? Slow and steady. Slow and steady. It makes a nice change, don't you think?
8Will Dean's Score


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Welcome to the Mom 2 Mom Monday Link-Up!
We are so glad you are here. We hope you will join us each Monday at 9am EST to link-up, hop around, encourage others, and be encouraged.
The Mom 2 Mom Monday Link-Up is built on
the foundation of 1 Thessalonians 5:11
Therefore encourage one another and build each other up, just as in fact you are doing.
1 Thessalonians 5:11 (NIV)
This is a place you can come to offer encouragement to other moms as well as be encouraged.
Your Hosts:
Sarah from My Joy-Filled Life
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Jenn from The Purposeful Mom
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Tauna from Proverbial Homemaker
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Rachael from Diamonds in the Rough
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You are welcome to link up as many of your own posts that would offer encouragement, tips, wisdom, or advice to other moms.
Some suggested post topics are:
Homemaking, Motherhood, Meal Planning, Recipes, Christian Faith, Encouraging Words, Homeschooling/Education, Financial Stewardship, Health & Wellness, Hospitality, Marriage, Discipline, Ministry, Pregnancy & Childbirth, Time Management, Organization, Crafts & Activities for Kids…….
Each week we will be featuring the most clicked on post and each of our favorites from the previous week. We will also be sharing the featured posts on our social media outlets.
A few things you should know before linking up:
- Please link up to a specific post on your blog, not your blog's main page.
- By linking up your post(s), you are giving the hosts of Mom 2 Mom Monday Link-Up permission to use your graphics in the featured posts and on social media outlets.
- Visit other bloggers – visit at least 3 other links at the party.
- A link back is not required, but appreciated. Go ahead and grab a button too, especially if you were featured.
- The hosts would be blessed if you followed them.
- They would also be blessed if you would spread the word about the Mom 2 Mom Monday Link-Up.
- Please only link up posts from your own blog and not posts for others.
The most clicked posts from last week:
Thrifty Frugal Mom:
7 Reasons to Declutter and Live with Less
Graceful Little Honey Bee:
25 Creative Things to Make in Your Slow Cooker
Don't miss a Mom 2 Mom Monday Link-Up! Sign up below to get an email reminder every Monday morning when the link-up is live (don't worry, we won't send you any other kinds of emails – this sign up is exclusively for the Mom 2 Mom Monday Link-Up).
And now for the link-up!
Let's encourage one another and build each other up!
8 Comments on Mom 2 Mom Monday Link Up
Thanks for the party. I'm glad to be back at 100, 102, and 103. Have a great week!
Thanks for hosting this awesome link-up!
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Thanks so much for hosting the link up!
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The 2013 legislative session is nearing the end of its 120-day calendar, which means legislators are moving quickly to finish work on what's left of the 600 bills introduced this year.
In the House, more than 100 bills and resolutions are scheduled for action in the next week, and Speaker of the House Mark Ferrandino (D-Denver) indicated he might require House members to work this weekend to clear some of those bills off the House calendar.
The bill to require rural electric co-ops to boost their use of renewable energy resources passed the state Senate on Monday, with an 18-17 vote that shows the bill is far from a done deal.
Two Democrats, Sens. Mary Hodge (D-Brighton) and Lois Tochtrop (D-Adams County) voted with the Senate's 15 Republicans against Senate Bill 13-252.
Under the bill, certain rural electric co-ops would be required to increase their use of renewable energy sources from the current standard of 10 percent to 25 percent by 2020.
The rural co-ops impacted by SB 252 are Tri-State Generation & Transmission and Intermountain Rural Electric Association.
Tri-State has estimated that the bill will cost $3 billion to implement, and will raise electric bills for its 18 member co-ops throughout rural Colorado.
Supporters, including renewable energy vendors, say it will continue Colorado's leadership in renewable energy and will provide jobs to a struggling industry.
Republicans mounted an all-day filibuster during their second reading debate on April 12, hoping to sway a couple of Democrat votes on the bill. On Monday, they continued, with four more hours of debate before the final vote.
During that debate, Sen. Greg Brophy (R-Wray), asked the bill's sponsors, Senate President John Morse (D-Colorado Springs) and Sen. Gail Schwartz (D-Snowmass Village) why they want to hurt rural Coloradans.
"Why do you want to do this to my neighbors and me? Why take money from my family to give to your special interest friends?" he said.
Brophy said the cost to cover the additional renewable energy standard will raise electric bills by 15 percent. He estimated the cost to the Wray School District at $30,000 more per year, and said it could result in the loss of a teacher in the classroom to cover the higher electric bills.
SB 252 now moves to the House and its bulging schedule, however, as of press time, it is not yet been introduced in the House nor assigned to a House committee.
In other action at the capitol this week:
More than three months after its initial introduction, a bill to grant eminent domain rights to oil pipeline companies has finally cleared the Senate. SB 191 was the second version of a bill introduced on the first day of the 2013 session, but its progress through the Senate has been slow due to concerns over safety and the rights of irrigation ditch companies.
On Monday, the Senate voted 25 to 10 to send the bill to the House, where it faces an uncertain future due to opposition to the bill from the House Majority Leader. The vote was bi-partisan, with Democrats and Republicans voting both in favor and against it. As of press time, the bill has not yet made its way onto the crowded House calendar.
SB 191 went through a second reading debate on April 12, but there was no debate and little comment on the bill when it went through its final vote on Monday.
The bill stems from a 2012 Colorado Supreme Court ruling against Sinclair Transportation, which used its alleged eminent domain authority to obtain an additional easement for a 10-inch petroleum pipeline in Johnstown. The Court told Sinclair it did not have eminent domain rights and in fact had never had them under state law.
The land is owned by Ivar and Donna Larson of Johnstown. Sinclair has had an easement on the land for a 6-inch pipeline since 1963, long before the Larsons owned the land.
The lawsuit was sent back to Weld County Court, and on April 8 a Weld County District judge ordered Sinclair to remove one of the pipelines. According to the Larsons, the company asked that they be allowed to cap one of the lines, in hopes that SB 191 is signed into law. Sinclair could then initiate eminent domain proceedings to gain the second easement. However, the Larsons insisted that one of the lines be removed, and on April 9 the company dug up the 6-inch line.
Hodge acknowledged that she gained last-minute support for SB 191 in the final days before the Senate vote by offering a new bill, SB 275, to create an interim legislative committee to study pipeline safety issues. The interim committee is charged under the bill to meet six times, to study safety issues and recommend legislation, and must conclude its work by July 1, 2014. The interim committee proposed in SB 275 would have ten legislative members and one member appointed by the governor.
SB 275 was heard by the Senate Local Government Committee on Tuesday, the same committee that passed SB 191. The new bill passed on a 3-2 party-line vote and was sent to the Senate Appropriations Committee for further action.
During the April 16 hearing, Hodge said issues about pipeline safety seemed to "rise to the top" during discussions of both SB 191 and its predecessor, SB 21. "It seems to me we need to find out if they're safe" or if new laws are needed. Sen. David Balmer (R-Centennial) voted against the bill, claiming that the notion of an interim committee appeared to imply that pipelines aren't safe and that the committee would be looking for problems that don't exist. However, Sen. Gail Schwartz (D-Snowmass Village) said she believed the process for oversight needed review.
The only member of the public to testify on SB 275 was Jeb Seman of the Colorado Petroleum Association, who had testified in favor of the earlier pipeline bills. Seman said his organization had not taken a formal position on SB 275. "We heard very clearly over the course of the session concerns about pipeline safety," Seman told the committee. Given those concerns, the interim committee could review data that shows pipelines are the safest manner for transporting petroleum products and that the committee could help produce a "uniform and consistent understanding" about how pipelines work.
Interim committees usually meet during the summer, and in addition to obtaining approval from the full legislature, must also be approved by the General Assembly's legislative council committee. That committee reviews all requests for interim committees, including their funding, and usually approves four. There are currently at least six that will be discussed and prioritized when the Legislative Council meets on April 26.


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SANDUSKY, Ohio — Food recalls and food poisoning often are some of the most expensive costs to a produce farmer and can be enough to put him or her out of business.
On a national level, sources say millions of people are sickened each year by the top sources of foodborne illness, costing tens of billions of dollars in medical expenses and time off work.
But with some foresight and good planning, produce growers can ensure themselves and their customers that what they produce is as safe as possible.
On Jan. 16, the opening day of the Ohio Produce Growers and Marketers Association annual congress, internationally recognized "retail guru" John Stanley delivered a common sense message on food safety called Making Food Safety Work for You and Your Wallet.
Food safety has been a major topic in all major news media the past few years and many types of legislation have been introduced to ensure food is produced and marketed safely. They include names like the Food Safety Modernization Act, the National Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement and the Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement.
"We've got enough legislation, everywhere you go there's legislation," Stanley said.
Building trust
The challenge producers need to face, he said, is gaining consumer confidence and trust. While legislation can sometimes help, he echoed sentiments shared by Ohio growers who say that a one-size-fits-all government program is not best for Ohio or other individual states.
The leafy greens program, for example, got its start in California and was suited for large California-style produce operations, Stanley said. Ohio is the opposite in many ways, with a combination of large growers, but also many small-scale producers.
"There is a lot of difference in California — the thinking process in California and the lifestyle process in California compared to the lifestyle and thinking process in Ohio," he said.
He pointed to a map of Ohio and insisted that any food safety plan for Ohio "has to be designed for that state."
Lots of support
The leading farm and produce organizations in Ohio are in fact supporting a food safety program of their own called Ohio Produce Marketing Agreement. It has been in the works at least the past three years, but is gaining momentum as an accredited food safety program.
Stanley, and other speakers on the opening day, went as far as to say that a food safety program will be a requirement if you wish to sell produce in the future.
"Retailers will not buy from you if you are not certified in the future," he said.
Karl Kolb, one of the lead organizers of the agreement, said 25 or so producers already are signed up and participating. But he expects that number to grow exponentially over the coming months and years.
Part of the process is petitioning the Ohio Department of Agriculture to give final approval of the program as a certified marketing agreement. Some 200 petition signatures are needed and the program must demonstrate its effectiveness and commitment to strong standards. OPMA currently operates on a de facto status, with its leaders confident full approval will granted in the near future.
At that point, "we will have our own plan and that will have the force of law," Kolb said.
Many different plans
The Ohio plan will not necessarily replace other marketing plans or federal requirements, but is expected to replace third-party audit fees with a more affordable inspection option for smaller-size producers. The agreement shares universal standards, but is implemented in a scale-appropriate, three-tier approach.
"You need (a food safety plan) for one principal reason and that is to protect your investment," Kolb said. "It's not if you're going to get a recall, it's when and when it's going to come. It's (your certification) your first and best and only line of investment at protecting your investment."
Stanley said consumers want to be assured of the quality and safety of the foods for sale, but currently, consumer confidence is very low. Only 47 percent of Americans are confident their food is safe, according to survey information from the International Food Information Council.
The Ohio plan, he said, is one that is developed by Ohioans, provides access to new markets and "peace of mind to the consumer."
The Ohio plan is supported by organizations like OPGMA, Ohio Farm Bureau Federation and Ohio Ecological Food and Farm Association.
Looking ahead
In previous interviews, Kolb has said the plan has the potential to reach markets further than Ohio and could become a model for other states wishing to make marketing plans that fit their growers.
"I applaud the government for wanting to do great things (nationally) but I think we're ahead of the power curb," he said.
Lisa Schacht, president of OPGMA, said the plan was one of the biggest projects of the year, and continues to be a popular topic.
"OPMA is definitely a project we worked to see come to cooperative fruition," she said. "It is designed to address those circumstances associated with size and scale."
Additional signatures supporting the Ohio plan were gathered at the conference. The number of signatures and the review of the program by the ag department will be reported as that information becomes available.
To learn more about OPGMA or the Ohio marketing agreement, visit www.opgma.org, or www.opma.us.
Up-to-date agriculture news in your inbox!


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This 5% cut affects only offshore installations and leaves less than 18GW of new capacity to be built by the deadline, over and above the 20.2GW expected to be online this year.
The 40GW figure, cited for more than a year by the government, had seemed secure after it was upheld in February's energy proposal, known as the Zurbano Pact.
The national wind industry body, Asociacion Empresarial Eolica (AEE), describes the plan's wind objective as less ambitious than it should be. This is as far as AEE will go publicly because of the sensitivity of parallel negotiations with the industry ministry to set a new production incentive for wind power after 2012. A leading AEE member says that, given the stream of reports on leaked ministry plans to slash production incentives for wind, the reduced objective is a lower priority right now - especially as the affected segment, offshore, will have nothing online until 2014.
In terms of energy production, the plan allocates 78.25TWh for wind in 2020, a 6.51% drop on the Zurbano Pact target, despite the 6% estimated increase in total electricity consumption by 2020. Wind will cover 24.61% of electricity demand, down from 27.89% under Zurbano (see table).
Still, renewables retain the previous target of providing 38-40% of electricity by 2020, largely because of a boom in solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric power. The document highlights that achieving the renewables targets depends on extending to 10GW the country's interconnection capacity with other states; current links are at a restrictive 3GW. Completion of a 2GW line with France is expected by 2014 and agreements exist for another similar line. The remaining 3GW largely relies on negotiations with Morocco.
Spain scales back wind goals
How the Spanish NREAP has changed the 2020
2020 Wind Zurbano NREAP
Targets Pact
Total capacity 40GW 38GW
Onshore 35GW 35GW
Offshore 5GW 3GW
% Electricity 27.89 24.61
Energy production 83.34TWh 78.25TWh


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text:
Question from Adam:
Without God, is there right and wrong?
Answer by SmartLX:
Even with a hypothetical god around, would there be there right and wrong?
If God decides what is right and wrong, they are His opinions only, and subject to change. And change they apparently have, because there are all sorts of holy rules in the old Mosaic Law that had been superceded or forgotten as early as the first century AD (or CE). Shellfish, mixed fabrics, working on Sundays, that sort of thing. Therefore God's sense of right and wrong is arbitrary, and useless to us except in the sense of trying to keep up with the whims of a tyrant to save our necks. That's if we think He's there at all.
Without a God imbuing the entire universe with an ethereal sense of right and wrong, there is only what we humans decide, as no other animal has ever set down a code of ethics or morality. (Some groups of apes and monkeys have developed simple moral systems, but purely in practical terms rather than the abstract.) The consensual ethics agreed upon by large groups of people are far less arbitrary than the will of an all-powerful, invincible being, because the way we want to be treated – and therefore the way we treat people – has a comprehensible effect on our wellbeing. For example, a general aversion to killing (except in some extraordinary cases) potentially prolongs everyone's lives.
So we say that certain things are right and others are wrong, and if these judgements eventually show themselves to be flawed we change them. Regulated slavery was right and good for a very long time, but now we find it reprehensible. We're entitled to admit mistakes and change our positions when new information comes to light, because we're only human and we're doing the best we can. A god has no such excuse; if He ever had to correct himself, He's not much of a god.
Right, Wrong, and God
Question from Adam:


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I am working on a project that is basically a search engine for food. It tells you the nearest place that serves the dish you want to eat. They requested me to make a simple outline about our actual goals, how to improve the user experience and where should we be heading.
I came up with this:
- How specific they are while searching for a dish?
- In which situation they are more likely to use the site?
- What's their screen resolution?
- Desktop user
- Mobile/Tablet user
- Person looking for a dish
- Person looking for a partcular type of food
- Person looking for top/recommended dishes
- Finding the dish they are looking for
- Finding uselful information about the dish/restaurant
- Finding what other people think about the dishes
- Enabling users to like dishes
- Sorting dishes by number of likes
- Enabling users to comment the dishes
- Enabling users to add pictures?
- Logic between dish results and popup menu
- Displaying the dishes images
This is my first time writing this kind of an outline and I have the following questions:
- It is well organized?
- Am I missing something?
- Should I include something else?


text:
Painted by: wackrabbit
Posted on: 1/28/2015 (5 years old)
The Wolf Clan standard is painted prominently on every military vehicle.
Alpha Galaxy's insignia has a snarling red-and-brown wolf's head set over a gold, five-pointed star backed by a white circle. The Greek letter alpha appears on the wolf's throat in gold.
Per FM:Crusader Clans, page 140.


text:
2013 Razzies: 'Twilight' Finally Gets the Recognition It Deserves!
After all these months, it's finally happened -- 'The Twilight Saga' has been nominated for the 2013 Razzies... in literally every category! What's the rule, again? If your only awards come from the MTV Movie Awards and People's Choice, expect to get a Razzie?


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Dietetics senior Kelly Wagner loves studying nutrition—and deeply cares about children. This dual passion turned her Iowa State honors project into a real-life experience. Blank Children's Hospital in Des Moines, Iowa, is going to give children undergoing cancer treatment her kid-friendly cookbook to help with their dietary needs. Kelly's Children's Cookbook During and After Cancer Treatment features nutritional recipes that are more than just tasty—they also alleviate sore mouth, lack of appetite, and other ailments chemotherapy can cause.
Iowa State University encourages students like Kelly to explore their interests and make the world a better place. Whether it's writing a cookbook, researching with professors to turn algae into a new energy source, or joining a club to build the next generation robot for NASA, Iowa State students have a tradition of accomplishing amazing things.
Kelly is using this experience to help her become a clinical dietitian. That way, she can specialize in bringing a smile as well as some good food to kids in the hospital—who need a little taste of normal.
More information on Iowa State's honors program.
More information on undergraduate research opportunities.


text: Bhutan which is a tiny landlocked nation in East Asia is situated completely within the Himalayan range. Nepal lies to the west of Bhutan and its other close neighbours are Bangladesh and Myanmar. The country of Bhutan is also fondly called 'The Land of Happiness' because according to a recent survey, it was concluded that the people of Bhutan are the happiest people living on earth. Bhutan is a truly vibrant, hospitable, colourful and a mesmerising country to visit.


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Product Reviews
PowerBait Chigger Craw is rated out of 5 by 37.
Rated 5 out of 5 by KJPrzybyla from Blown Away Been messing with a few jig heads to get these down deep on rock piles in the large glacial lakes in N.H. It all came togeather for me and I have never had a smallmouth day like that in 30 years of bass fishing, even using the real thing... Hit around 20 fish in the 3-4lb range in about an hour, in 17-35 feet of water. The best fish of the day came on a torn up, missing a claw had no business in the water bait... bit it any way. I'm not telling any of my buddies about my new secret weapon! Oh, did I mention I was using my 7' medium Berkley lightning spinning rod? 20lb suffix braid straight to the hook in Gin clear water. Could feel the bass breathing on this bait.
Date published: 2017-09-30
Rated 5 out of 5 by Chris1010y from Great bait when nothing else works! i have been using these in pumpkin green for the past year and I have caught so many more fish than any of my friends using other soft plastics. Definitely a need to have in your tackle box!
Date published: 2016-07-05
Rated 5 out of 5 by Full time fisherman from Berkeley chigger craw I've been using this bait for over a year, we catch lots of quality bass!! A great bait for largemouth & small mouth. It'll add weight to your stringer at the end of the day.
Date published: 2015-05-13
Rated 5 out of 5 by clecklerbass from Great Craw!!!!! I was a believer in the Zoom Speed Craw. I found the power bait Chigger Craw just to try out. I found very quickly that I received more bites and better quality fish with the Chigger Craw. The feel of the bait is second to non. This is the only craw I carry. Big thanks to Powerbait.
Date published: 2014-07-08
Rated 5 out of 5 by Seth M from Awesome Multi-purpose Bait I have been using the Chigger Craw for the last 6 years and let me tell you the bait just plain gets bit. Mimicking a crawdad it can be used in tons of different situations and can be presented in countless numbers of techniques. My favorite use for the Chigger Craw is to fish it as a trailer on the back of a 3/8-1 ounce football jig. The weight of the jig head makes the claws flap uncontrollably on the drop and when the jig is dragged and popped over rocks and wood. The Powerbait scent guarantees that when the big girls bite they refuse to spit it out. This is only one of the many presentations possible when using this bait. Give it a shot, I promise you will not regret it.
Date published: 2016-03-11
Rated 5 out of 5 by bpfishing12 from Great trailer for jigs This is my go to craw trailer I use when I throw jigs! Have great action in the water. I've caught some toads with this bait as a trailer.
Date published: 2017-07-07
Rated 5 out of 5 by Mud duck from Great bait I've caught many big bass on this bait. Just throw it out let it sink reel it in slow.
Date published: 2016-10-27
Rated 5 out of 5 by Limber04 from You Wanna Catch Fish Right!!! I am an avid user of this particular bait. No matter where I go I can catch fish whether its used as a jig trailer or texas rigged I know I'm going to catch em. This bait rates in my books a 10 out of 10. This action is awesome for all seasons no matter where you live. I recommend Berkeley baits to everyone i encounter on and off the water that wants to know more about the sport. All and all a great bait for wherever your next fishing destination is. I will always have them in my tackle box.
Date published: 2015-06-09