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Friday, April 30, 2010
6Z2 - Revelation of the Daleks 2
You don't realize it at the time, but the scene where Orcini destroys a Dalek with a machine gun fitted with bastic heads (his words) is quite historic. Not only because a Dalek is felled by a mere machine gun, but because it's the last scene in the classic series to be shot on location using film. For the last four season of classic Who, everything on location would be recorded with Outside Broadcast (OB) video cameras. What was gained in uniformity between studio and location footage came at the expense of visual texture. Doctor Who, for better or worse, would never look the same again.
The overall look of classic Who would also never again see the vast talents of director Graeme Harper, who directed his second of two stories with Revelation of the Daleks. Harper's work in this story isn't quite as stunning as it his earlier work in The Caves of Androzani, but it's still furlongs ahead of anything else in Season 22. Revelation is perhaps a more subtle piece for Harper. Harper's strength as an action director often overshadow his ability to underplay a scene. Look at how both the Daleks and Davros are introduced in the opening scenes of Episode 1. The first shot of a Dalek is from behind as one trundles down a hallway, flirting with disappearing off the screen entirely, to give his report to a strange console at the heart of which lies a head. The head spins round - it's Davros in long shot. Cut to the next scene. The camera doesn't linger or celebrate the fact that the Daleks are in this, are an entirely different colour to what we're used to, and that Davros is now reduced to a head in a jar. After decades of overbearing cliffhangers designed to introduce the very monsters which the episode is named after, this sharp left turn into nonchalance is perhaps the most shocking Dalek introduction of them all.
At the heart of this story is Davros, though, and Harper's direction, coupled with Terry Molloy's performance, makes this possibly the best Davros story ever (yes, even rivaling Michael Wisher's turn in Genesis of the Daleks). Molloy was in full rant mode in Resurrection of the Daleks because the script required it - a macho story required a macho villain. In Revelation, Molloy almost whispers his lines to the point where he's almost inaudible (a pervading echoey audio mix doesn't help matters), aided by some extremely tight close-ups to further dial the bombast down. It's a stunning performance, and when Davros is revealed in his usual form towards the end, the contrast between that and his decoy self is shocking. Harper shoots the real Davros from below, just as he often does with the Daleks, making the withered, wheelchair bound scientist look like he's in full control of the situation. Later, when he's hovering in midair, zapping a prone Orcini with Emperor Palpatine-like electricity from his fingers, Davros almost ascends to one of the most powerful and frightening villains ever seen in Doctor Who.
It's obvious that I'm a Graeme Harper fan, but his work commands such respect. I had the very great pleasure to interview the man on Radio Free Skaro #187, an interview that the podcast team is so fiercely proud of that I heartily recommend you listen to it now (find it here). In it, Harper describes his directorial style during the interview, particularly his decision to direct from the studio floor as opposed to overseeing everything from the upstairs control room. Being able to interact directly with his cast and floor crew, as opposed to relaying his instructions from the gallery, simply saved time, which allowed for more time to be spent on lining up more artistic shots that would have been impossible to do under the standard style favoured by most directors. Yes, Harper had a flair for the artistic and the dramatic, but it was only because of efficient time management skills that he was able to pull off some of the most dazzling sequences in Doctor Who history.
Revelation of the Daleks is quite probably the high point of Colin Baker's abbreviated time in Doctor Who, and easily the best thing that Eric Saward ever wrote for the programme. By the end of the next season (which finally aired 18 months after Season 22's conclusion), both Baker and Saward would be gone from Doctor Who for varying reasons. That last shot of Colin Baker looks so tragically hopeful, in retrospect. It's of a Doctor confident in his future, knowing full well where he's going and what he'll do when he gets there. Outside forces beyond his control were the only things that could stop him.
"All right, I'll take you to --"
A quick BBC editing job cuts off the Sixth Doctor, and Doctor Who in general, in mid-sentence. In more ways than one.
Posted by Steven at 3:10 PM 3 comments Links to this post
6Z1 - Revelation of the Daleks 1
Revelation of the Daleks, especially Part One, is probably one of the least Doctor Who-like episodes of Doctor Who ever. It probably has more in common with Mission to the Unknown, if anything, although Mission had more Daleks in it, and about as many scenes where The Doctor's presence is relevant.
Instead of The Doctor and Daleks, we are treated to, admittedly, a vast array of interesting characters and situations, almost all of them set in Tranquil Repose, a poncy name for a funeral home. Whether or not it's conscious homage to his new hero, Robert Holmes, writer Eric Saward pairs up most of his characters in perfectly matched double acts - Jobel and Tasambeker, Takis and Lilt, Natasha and Grigory, Kara and Vogel, and Orcini and Bostock. Perhaps, with all these characters demanding (and receiving) a great deal of attention and screen time, it's almost inevitable that something would have to take a back seat. The fact that it's The Doctor and the Daleks, the two mainstays of, and reasons for, Doctor Who's longevity, that get the chop is ironic given this story was the last to be made in the era of Doctor Who when it was virtually assured to return the following year.
Given the misgivings that Saward had with writing for the Daleks (a trait not uncommon with other writers over the years), it's not surprising to see the Daleks' dialogue dramatically slashed. However, knowing now that Saward had a such a low opinion of Colin Baker's Doctor at the time, it's telling that he puts him so prominently on the sidelines. Just as Davros's monologues prove a convenient way of getting around having the Daleks speak too much in their grating monotone, Saward's characters all act as a surrogate Doctor - getting into trouble, uncovering mysteries, moving along the plot, etc - all while The Doctor and Peri wander through a winter wilderness doing what they've done best all season long: bicker.
Could Saward have been purposefully underusing The Doctor because he didn't like the character? Even the cliffhanger to Episode One struggles mightily to finally bring The Doctor into the action by dropping an unconvincing polystyrene statue on him. The cliffhanger, and the lack of involvement of The Doctor in the first 45 minutes of this story, is proof, too, that, even after having a whole season to work with, none of the writers ever grew comfortable with the 45-minute episode format. While the rest of the story seems to play out as normal, The Doctor's storyline merely seems to be a typical 25-minute story building up to that first cliffhanger, but just stretched out to almost double the length. As a result, the story almost stops completely whenever The Doctor and Peri are onscreen. By the end of the episode, barring a namedrop of The Great Healer, they have no more idea what they are getting themselves into than they did at the beginning.
A good episode, but one that feels more like a set-up for what's to come as opposed to having any tangible events of its own.
Posted by Steven at 1:05 PM 0 comments Links to this post
Monday, April 5, 2010
6Y2 - Timelash 2
It took a good few months of watching, and a lot of years of Doctor Who, to finally unseat The Chase as my least favourite Doctor Who story, but Timelash has taken the title with remarkable ease. And the tragic thing is that we were almost let off the hook, or at least our pain could have been lessened slightly, based on the fact that Episode Two initially ran six minutes short. I could have quite easily lived with 38 minutes of pain, but instead, Eric Saward had to concoct 6 more minutes of complete pap to pad out the episode.
The problem is, this padding only delays the second end of the episode, because, as far as everyone was already concerned, the story ends when the Borad is killed by The Doctor's time Kontron crystal device. Alas, no. Apparently, that was a clone, we're told, which makes about as much sense as The Doctor's seemingly impossible escape from certain death at the hands of a Bandril missile. "I'll explain someday" is the glib answer we're given. It's like The Doctor feels as indifferent to offer an explanation as everyone involved in this production is disenchanted with providing a decent, watchable television programme. Everyone seems to be giving about 80%, and if you add those missing percentages up it results in 100% crap.
Sock puppet aliens, dreadful acting, horrible dialogue, ludicrous plot twists, and some of the most stale direction ever adds up to one of the worst examples of Doctor Who ever made. If I was tuning in to Doctor Who for the first time after hearing the news that the programme was being canceled, and Timelash is what I would have seen, then I would have wanted it banished, too.
Posted by Steven at 2:10 PM 8 comments Links to this post
6Y1 - Timelash 1
The timing of the original airing of Timelash, coming mere days after the furore of the near-cancellation at the hands of Michael Grade in 1985, could not have been worse. Anytime a television show, celebrity, or music act crosses the boundaries of the entertainment section in the newspapers and enters the mainstream news for whatever reason (usually bad), people flock to that entertainment entity to see what the fuss is about, whether or not they've been fans of said entity before.
With a flurry of new viewers tuning in to see why such a long running show like Doctor Who was being threatened with cancellation, Timelash (and this is putting it very politely) might not be the best choice for Exhibit A in the case for the defence of Doctor Who's cancellation. This next statement is equally as polite as I can make it: Episode One of Timelash is unrepentant garbage.
In a cavalcade of dreadful scenes and moments, the opening scene of the episode is, amazingly, still probably the worst. The Doctor and Peri, having made so many positive strides in their relationship over the past couple stories, are straight back to full on arguing. And it's not even an argument with a resolution. As Peri herself says, it is complete "aimless wandering", there simply to show that, yes, The Doctor and Peri do exist, but they are included here only because there is no point to have them in the story otherwise.
After all, there all the wonders of Karfel to take in. Karfel, by definition of the plot, may be the blandest, dullest place ever visited by The Doctor (twice, apparently). It's matte finish motif rubs off on the inhabitants of Karfel, or at least those who live in the Citadel (all 500 hundred of them, as Brunner so subtly informs the viewer early in Episode One). Most of the characters are terrible, veering from merely drab to impossibly poorly acted. Jeananne Crowley as Vena might, just might, have the staying power to unseat Rick James and Jenny Laird as the worst actor to ever appear in Doctor Who. Crowley stares blankly off camera during every line she weakly delivers, presumably being silently coached by a frantically waving floor assistant trying to get her to properly emphasize the right words while still maintaining a normal breathing pattern.
The script does no one any favours, but that's what happens when you employ an inexperienced writer-cum-ambulance driver to write a Doctor Who story. The episode is littered with painful moments. The first scene in the council chamber is full of hamfisted introductory dialogue such as lines like the afore-mentioned informal census taken by Brunner, but even more so when Mykros explains to Vena, who must surely know anyway, about "Karfel's former allies, the Bandrils". It's as if Glen McCoy, who must have wrote most of this script on a particularly slow midnight shift, isn't even attempting to weave the pre-history into the story. Just mention it - that is enough, in his eyes. Even the bafflingly unnecessary reference to The Doctor's prior visit to the planet during his third incarnation is handled poorly, and with no sense of any style or panache. No wonder Paul Darrow chose to blatantly (and, in context with what was going on around him, wonderfully) overact every time he's on camera (and even sometimes when he's not).
This lurid mess does have to be laid at the feet of The Unluckiest Director in the World, Pennant Roberts, though, whose direction is the only thing flatter and duller than the walls of the council chamber. Roberts was displeased with the script, fair enough, but he is completely going through the motions in this, his last Doctor Who directing job, perhaps accepting his lot after the previous two Doctor Who assignments turned out so badly. His decision to have three people applaud Maylin Renis's grand entrance was terribly misguided, as was the decision to sign off on Liz Parker's tepid music score.
It all adds up to one of the longest 45 minutes I've ever had to endure during this entire viewing marathon.
Posted by Steven at 1:13 PM 1 comments Links to this post
6W3 - The Two Doctors 3
My appreciation of The Two Doctors has completely changed over the years. As a teenager first watching this story for the first time, I was impressed with the relationship between the Doctors, I was in love with the Spanish countryside and cityscape of old Seville, and I thoroughly enjoyed my first ever glimpse of Patrick Troughton's Doctor.
Today, I'm still impressed with the relationship between the Doctors, I still adore the vistas of Spain, and I'm saddened at what was the last time that Patrick Troughton would play The Doctor. Troughton's Doctor was perhaps the most influential Doctor of them all, almost directly inspiring the performances of no less than four Doctors that followed him (including current Eleventh Doctor actor Matt Smith). His Doctor was also the most aloof, yet, at the same time, curiously accessible. Troughton appeared opposite four other Doctors in three stories after he left the role in 1969. No other actor's Doctor could mesh in with the other Doctors as Troughton's Doctor did in those stories. Can you imagine a multi-Doctor story with Tom Baker and William Hartnell and/or Richard Hurndall forming a double act? Jon Pertwee and Sylvester McCoy? No, because any other Doctor, particularly Pertwee and Baker, would be so keen to install themselves as the most dominant Doctor. That's not only a quality of the actors, but it's a characteristic of the Doctors whom they portrayed.
Troughton simultaneously played second fiddle and scene stealer in every scene he appeared in, which is what made him utterly brilliant. He also brings out the best in his fellow actors. You can tell that Colin Baker is clearly relishing every second of screen time with Troughton, who Baker has often called "his Doctor". And Troughton's Doctor makes Colin Baker's Doctor a much more likable person. Baker is tremendous in this story, and, knowing what was to come for his Doctor and his era, it makes watching his carefree bounding about the Spanish countryside all the more disappointing.
To be honest, though, it's the vegetarian theme of The Two Doctors that registered with me most on this viewing. I wasn't a vegetarian for the first few times I had seen this story, but I am now. I definitely don't want to get on a soapbox in this blog (and, no, I'm not a supporter of PETA or their methods), but the veggie theme here was just another brilliant piece of satire by Robert Holmes to make you watch a show decrying something that he didn't agree with while being entertained at the same time. Like Holmes's righteous, comedic anger at the invasion of privacy in Carnival of Monsters and the UK tax system in The Sun Makers, he very neatly deals with the perils of eating meat, something that was very important to him late in his life.
The fact that Shockeye was of a different species that humans (or, to use one of Holmes's favourite demonyms, Tellurians) makes his actions, and rampant lust to devour Jamie for lunch, as acceptable as any human being looking to sink his teeth into a lamb chop (to paraphrase The Rani). It therefore makes The Doctor's controversial killing of Shockeye near the end of Part Three just as understandable. The Doctor, his mobility severely hampered by a slash to the leg administered by Shockeye, who was chasing him with severe bloodlust on his mind, had no choice but to kill Shockeye in order to survive.
This scene is another example of the double standard that existed between the two Baker eras. In The Brain of Morbius, Tom Baker's Doctor not only kills Solon with cyanide, he doesn't even have the guts to do it while in the same room as the mad scientist. No one bats an eye. Colin Baker's Doctor kills Shockeye with cyanide in a fight for survival, and he is dealt yet another blow in the public character assassination going on at the time. It was just another round of ammo in Michael Grade's increasingly loaded gun.
Neither the character attack nor the cancellation (sorry - hiatus) were deserved, but then, that's the Colin Baker era in a nutshell, isn't it?
Posted by Steven at 12:03 AM 0 comments Links to this post
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IMDB Rating: 8.1/10 from 1,664 votes
Release: 2013 / Pokemon Origins
Genre: Action, Adventure, Animation
Stars: Chika Anzai, Junko Takeuchi, Natsuki Aikawa, Takuya Eguchi
Synopsis: Watch Pokemon Origins online free. In Pokemon Origins Putlocker Full Episodes, Pokémon Origins tells the story of the very first Pokémon video games, Pokémon Red Version and Pokémon Blue Version. Follow Red as he travels through the Kanto region, encounters Team Rocket, battles his rival, and challenges the Pokémon League!

subset: commoncrawl


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3,630 words
Editor's Note:
The following text by William Pierce is the last part of a longer text, "Background to Treason: A Brief History of U.S. Policy in the Middle East, Part 2: From the Balfour Declaration to the Roosevelt Era." The subtitle is my own creation.
[A]s the 1920s dawned, everything seemed rosy for the Jews. At the same time that Jewish immigrants were pouring into Palestine to begin building a new world Jewish headquarters there, Read more …


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Plummeting US Dollar: The Age of America is Over
Today the Swiss franc made yet another new high against the super dollar, as it has been doing for 120 days. What you are reading in the graphs is less and less of the foreign currency that one dollar can buy. Of course, gold and silver also consistently hit new highs.
Swiss franc:
As did the Australian dollar:
British pound:
Danish krone:
Russian ruble
Swedish krona
Botswana pula:
European euro (despite the "sovereign debt crisis," a product of naive European trust in Americans and the criminality of Goldman Sachs and all of Wall St.):
Other currencies, such as the Brazilian real and Canadian dollar have been consistently making new highs against the US dollar but failed by a few hundreds of a percent to do so today.
Canadian dollar:
Ben Bernacke says QE will end in June, but he is either delusional or lying. If the Fed stops monetizing Treasury debt, how will the $1.5-trillion-dollar annual operating deficit of the US government be financed? Are Americans, who are broke, suffering 22% unemployment, foreclosures on their homes and running out of money before the end of the month, as Wal-Mart's CEO recently stated, going to finance a 1.5-trillion annual government deficit? If you think so, I have a bridge to sell in Brooklyn.
The combined trade surpluses of China, OPEC, Japan and Russia are insufficient to finance more than one-third of the US budget deficit, assuming these countries are willing, in the face of the evidence, to continue to acquire US debt.
That means, even under the most optimistic scenario, that the Federal Reserve will have to purchase annually $1-trillion in Treasury debt.
In other words, the US, the great Super Power over-filled with hubris, has outdone the fiscal irresponsibility of third-world banana republics. Superpower America is financing itself by printing money.
Washington, by conducting open-ended wars of aggression against non-puppet states, by giving its approval to the off-shoring of US jobs and thereby US GDP, and by saddling bankrupt taxpayers with $1-trillion in non-recourse loans to mega-rich people in order that the richest and most favored could borrow from the Fed at nearly zero rates of interest hundreds of millions of dollars to buy under-valued student loans, credit card debt, mortgages, whatever, and have any profits from the purchase of under-valued assets put in their bank account and any losses put on the Federal Reserve's books. Obviously, the US economy is a scheme run by the rich for the rich.
In this scheme to impoverish Americans for the benefit of the mega-rich, the Federal reserve actually gave hundreds of millions of dollars to the wives of New York investment bank CEOs in non-resource loans. The already rich wives bought up under-valued debt and made a killing. The wives had no risk whatsoever, because if their investments failed, it went onto the Federal Reserve's books, not on the wives' entity. See Matt Taibbi's The Real Housewives of Wall Street in Rolling Stone magazine.
As the International Monetary Fund said, recently, "the Age of America is Over."
Thank God.
Paul Craig Roberts was an editor of the Wall Street Journal and an Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Treasury. His latest book, HOW THE ECONOMY WAS LOST, has just been published by CounterPunch/AK Press.
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Day five here in Pozo delivers some all time heats!
Koester wins ahead of Fernandez, and Ojeda keeps his third place safe in insane winds, Koester on 3.7, Fernandez on 3.4 and Ojeda on 3.7, doesn't get much windier than that!
Stand out sailor of the day, putting together the perfect heat to beat Browne was the UK's Robby Swift. Swift pulled a perfect double and excellent push forward right at the start of his heat to put the pressure on Browne, who couldn't quite recover and struggled through the heat. Swift looked like he could go on to really push Koester, but unfortunately things did not go his way against Ojeda where he struggled to find the ramps and solid wave rides.
In the women's heats Daida came back with a solid heat in the first one up against Iballa, but in the resail Iballa seemed fully focussed, putting down the aerial of the day (better than the boys!) plus a clean backie to take the overall title. Stand out on the women's side was Steffi Wahl who progressed through an incredible amount of heats, putting in solid wave riding and a good range of jumps to take her into fourth.
Top 4s:
Men – 1st Koester, 2nd Fernandez, 3rd Ojeda, 4th Swift.
Women – 1st Iballa Moreno, 2nd Daida Moreno, 3rd Jaggi, 4th Wahl.
Check more action from day five on the next page…


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Inspired by Diamonds in the coffee (and highly related):
I've always got a kick out of the supposed story (I have not been able to confirm it's true, but it's definitely plausible):
Reuven gives Shimon a coffee jar to take to Israel. Shimon mistakenly drops the jar, and it cracks open to reveal 8 small diamonds. Realizing that he was duped, and put at a substantial risk should he have gotten caught, Shimon buys an identical coffee jar and delivers it to his contact in Israel. Conveniently, he decides to not put the diamonds in the new jar.
2 days later, Shimon gets a call from a very irate Reuven. After giving Reuven a serious ear-full of mussar, Shimon decides to return the diamonds to Reuven.
And now the question: Is there any basis for Shimon keeping the diamonds, or is it flat-out stealing? Would it matter if the discovery by Shimon was made before or after the flight?
[if your response will be along the lines that smuggling diamonds is not a serious offense, replace the diamonds with your local drug]


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A Guide To Conservative Care For Plantar Heel Pain
Given that heel pain is one of the most common maladies that podiatrists treat, this author offers a pertinent overview of conservative therapies ranging from corticosteroid injections and night splints to low-Dye taping and platelet-rich plasma.
Current estimates suggest there may be over one million visits to physician offices per year for plantar fasciitis.1 Given that it may be the most common condition podiatrists see, the podiatric community should have a firm handle on the different etiologies of plantar fasciitis, differential diagnosis and treatment options as well as treatment algorithms or protocols they follow because variations exist in the management of plantar fasciitis. Indeed, one systematic review identified 26 methods of treating plantar heel pain.2
We see plantar fasciitis in adults on a regular basis and almost 11 percent of all foot complaints are attributed to plantar fasciitis.3 Heel pain can be very disabling for some patients and at times, patients can become frustrated with the lack of progress with treatment. If conservative treatment has failed, one should look for other possible etiologies that may be the source of pain prior to proceeding to surgery. Other conditions like tarsal tunnel syndrome, inflammatory arthropathies, nerve entrapments and calcaneal stress fractures are just a small sample of other etiologies of heel pain in adults.4 The literature is replete with both conservative and surgical treatment options for plantar fasciitis but the scope of this article will focus on conservative treatment for plantar fasciitis.
Anatomically, the plantar fascia is a thick aponeurosis that attaches to the inferior calcaneus and courses distally to attach to the base of the proximal phalanges of all five digits. The plantar fascia is comprised of three bands: medial, central and lateral. The primary functions of the plantar fascia are to plantarflex the metatarsals and support the medial longitudinal arch. Computer models have shown that disruption of this structure can lead to flattening of the medial longitudinal arch and increase pressure under the metatarsal heads.5,6 By definition, plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the plantar fascia and the thickness reportedly increases with age.7
Pertinent Diagnostic Insights
Other names for plantar fasciitis that clinicians use interchangeably include heel spurs, heel pain syndrome and heel spur syndrome.8 The prevailing thinking on plantar fasciitis is that it is an overuse injury. Researchers have identified abnormal biomechanics, obesity and improper footwear as possible etiologies.9-12 One recent study even found an association longitudinally between plantar fascia thickness and diabetic retinopathy and renal dysfunction.13
The history of a patient with plantar heel pain is critical in the diagnosis and treatment. Patients may complain of first step pain after a period of rest that generally eases after several minutes of ambulation and may worsen with continued activity. It is not unusual for patients to complain of continuous pain throughout the day that does not subside until they go to bed. Other information that one should obtain includes the type of footwear, the level of activity at work (standing/sitting), the surface the patient works on and any previous history of trauma.
The physical examination can reveal pain with palpation of the plantar medial tubercle, the plantar central tubercle and less often, the plantar lateral tubercle of the calcaneus. Edema and erythema are uncommon. One may reproduce pain with ankle joint dorsiflexion and clinicians should evaluate for possible equinus. With the hallux dorsiflexed, the plantar fascia becomes taut and tenderness may or may not be present with palpation. Clinicians should also evaluate the calcaneus for fat pad atrophy. Any paresthesias/dysesthesias indicate a possible neurological cause.
Radiographs are usually not helpful in diagnosing plantar fasciitis but are necessary to rule out other etiologies. In their study, DiMarcangelo and Yu found that 50 percent of patients with plantar fasciitis had heel spurs and up to 19 percent of patients with heel spurs did not have plantar fasciitis.14 The most difficult part of treating plantar fasciitis is convincing patients that the spur is likely not their source of pain. Over the past several years, ultrasound has played a larger role in clinical practices in evaluating the plantar fascia. Increased thickness of the plantar fascia correlates with increased symptoms and clinicians have identified post-treatment thinning with ultrasound.15
After diagnosing plantar fasciitis, one must pursue a treatment regimen that addresses the cause of the problem and decreases the pain associated with the condition. There is very little evidence-based literature that identifies one treatment modality as being superior to another so any treatment protocol is based on anecdotal evidence.
Are NSAIDs Effective For Plantar Fasciitis?
One of the first treatment options implemented by podiatrists is the prescribing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. The benefits of NSAIDs are the control of pain and acceleration of healing by decreasing inflammation, thus allowing an earlier return to an activity.
When prescribing an NSAID, one can choose from a multitude of NSAIDs, each with its corresponding selectivity for target enzymes and side effect profile. With the multiple classes of NSAIDs, when one fails, one may want to consider trying another class of NSAID. In a retrospective review, Gill found that 27 percent of patients reported improvement when using NSAIDs for plantar fasciitis.16 However, Donley and colleagues found no statistical difference between placebo and NSAID in patients with plantar fasciitis.17
Any discussion of plantar fasciitis would be incomplete without mentioning the work of Lemont and colleagues.18 They found a lack of inflammatory cells and concluded that plantar fasciitis was a degenerative process, and that fasciosis would be the appropriate term for this condition. With these findings in mind, are NSAIDs and corticosteroids really indicated and effective for a degenerative process when a true inflammatory process is absent? When deciding to use or not use NSAIDs in the treatment of plantar fasciitis/fasciosis, each clinician must weigh the overall benefit versus the potential side effects, and decide what is best for the patient.
What About Low-Dye Taping And Stretching?
Low-Dye taping has been a mainstay in treating plantar fasciitis. Clinicians use it to relieve the tension of the plantar fascia and stabilize the foot. Low-Dye taping serves as a short-term test to see if an orthotic will or won't work, and should be high on the list of conservative treatments. The literature on low-Dye taping is mixed. While Landorf and coworkers found that low-Dye taping significantly reduced pain associated with plantar fasciitis, van de Water and Speksnijder found limited evidence that low-Dye taping provided any benefit.19,20 Radford and colleagues found small improvement in first step pain with low-Dye taping.21
Stretching is one of the hallmark treatments in treating plantar fasciitis. By stretching the plantar fascia and/or gastrocsoleus complex, the goal is to relieve the stress on the plantar fascia. It is difficult to determine the effectiveness of stretching alone since most studies used other interventions along with stretching.
In one of the most recent studies, Bolivar and coworkers found that not only was the triceps surae tight in patients with plantar fasciitis but the hamstrings were tight as well.22 Both areas should be in a stretching protocol but there are currently no long-term studies to determine the effectiveness of this approach. Patients with hamstring tightness are also reportedly 8.7 times more likely to have plantar fasciitis.23
DiGiovanni and colleagues compared a program of non-weightbearing plantar fascia stretches to Achilles tendon stretching.24 While both groups reported significant improvements at eight weeks, there was greater pain relief in the patients who performed the plantar fascia stretches. In their study of sustained Achilles tendon stretching versus intermittent stretching, Porter and his co-authors concluded that it was more critical that patients were stretching daily and that the type of stretching was not important.25 There are currently no randomized control trials that compare the effectiveness of two different gastrocsoleus methods of stretching.
Can Night Splints Have An Impact?
Night splints are another treatment option that can be effective depending on patient adherence. The goal is to prevent plantarflexion of the ankle during sleep, allowing the plantar fascia to heal near or at its functional configuration. Batt and colleagues performed a randomized, controlled trial in which one group used night splints, heel pads, ibuprofen and gastrocsoleus stretching, and the other group received the same treatments without the night splint.26 The control group patients who were not responding after eight to 12 weeks subsequently crossed over to the night splint group, in which 72.7 percent were cured in 13 weeks.
When clinicians use night splints in combination with other treatment modalities like prefabricated orthotics, stretching and NSAIDs, they can be effective adjunctive treatment options.27,28
What You Should Know About Corticosteroid Injections
Corticosteroid injections are a common choice for treating plantar fasciitis. Like many of the other plantar fasciitis studies, most studies using corticosteroid injections used them in conjunction with other modalities. Despite the common use of corticosteroid injections, very few randomized, controlled trials exist to support their use versus placebo.
One trial compared prednisolone 25 mg and lidocaine to lidocaine (placebo) and found significant pain reduction after one month with the prednisolone group.29 Another study found no statistical difference between 25 mg of hydrocortisone and normal saline two months after treatment.30
Perhaps the most important study performed to date was by Ball and colleagues, who compared corticosteroid injection to placebo and ultrasound-guided injection to unguided injection.31 Researchers performed injections on 65 patients and used the visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess pain with follow-up assessments at six and 12 weeks. Twenty-two patients were randomized into the ultrasound-guided steroid injection group, 21 in the palpation guided placebo group and 22 were in the ultrasound-guided placebo injection group. There was statistical difference in VAS scores between the ultrasound-guided steroid group versus placebo and between the unguided steroid group versus placebo. There was no difference in VAS scores at six or 12 weeks between the ultrasound-guided and palpation-guided groups. Ball and co-authors did note decreased plantar fascia thickness in both steroid groups following injection.31
While Yucel and coworkers found significant improvement with corticosteroid injection, they found no statistical difference between ultrasound-guided, scintigraphy-guided or palpation-guided injections.32
Adverse effects of corticosteroids are well documented. Adverse effects of corticosteroid injections for plantar fasciitis include fat pad atrophy, plantar fascia rupture, local skin effects and steroid flare. Each clinician should also be well versed in dealing with any adverse event secondary to a corticosteroid injection.
Assessing The Use Of Orthotics
There may not be any greater source of controversy in podiatry and other health professions than the use of orthotics to treat foot pathology. Despite the controversy, podiatrists continue to use orthotics as a main component in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Orthotic devices come in all shapes and sizes. Unfortunately, the "one size fits all" device is abundant on the market. Shoe stores, sporting goods stores, pharmacies and online stores carry an overwhelming supply of prefabricated inserts so the consumer doesn't even begin to know where to start if he or she is advised to get an over-the-counter orthotic.
Even today, custom foot orthotics don't have a uniform standard from profession to profession and lab to lab. Given the multiple devices and differences in manufacturing, it becomes difficult to perform studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of orthotics. Several studies demonstrate the effectiveness of custom foot orthotics for plantar fasciitis when clinicians use them in conjunction with other modalities and other studies show custom foot orthotics are no more effective than a prefabricated orthotic.12,33-36
The use of custom foot orthotics comes down to each clinician's preference and skills in deciding to use these as treatment options. Some clinicians prefer a different treatment regimen in which they exclude the use of orthotics while others will cast or scan several patients a day for orthotics to address various pathologies. There is no high-level evidence to support the use of orthotics but as a profession, we know there are successful outcomes with custom foot orthotics.
Does PRP Offer Promise For Plantar Fasciitis?
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained notoriety over the past several years. It is not only one of the newer options available for treating plantar fasciitis but clinicians may also use PRP to treat tendinopathy, ulcers, and various osseous pathologies. Plasma taken from one's own body contains numerous growth factors and recent reports on PRP have been favorable. In a prospective study, Kumar and colleagues found a 64 percent satisfaction rate with PRP injections for intractable plantar fasciitis while Aksahin and coworkers found similar relief when comparing corticosteroid injection to PRP.37,38 In another study of PRP for chronic plantar fasciitis, Ragab and his co-authors cited a decrease in pain from a 9.1 to 1.6 on the visual analogue scale and there was a 96 percent satisfaction rate. Post-injection ultrasonography identified a thinner plantar fascia with less signal intensity.
Currently, clinicians would just inject PRP once and not through a series of injections. While PRP offers a safe alternative to corticosteroid injections, the high cost and lack of insurance coverage are pitfalls for patients electing to have this procedure. While there is no high-level evidence on the efficacy of PRP for plantar fasciitis, the results of some of these recent studies appear promising.
Final Notes
While plantar fasciitis is likely one of the most treated conditions in our offices, there is no solid evidence of what is most effective and most treatment is based on how we were trained, or what has worked in our clinical practices. The realm of treatment is always expanding with several new methods available. While these modalities do seem promising, there are no concrete studies to support their effectiveness. The longer one is in practice, the likelier he or she is going to adhere to what he or she has always practiced, but it doesn't hurt to step out of the box every once and a while and try something new.
Dr. Yakel is in private practice in Boulder, Colo. He is the Immediate Past President of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine, and is the team podiatrist for the Colorado Rapids of Major League Soccer.
1. Riddle DL, Schappert SM. Volume of ambulatory care visits and patterns of care for patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis: a national study of medical doctors. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(5):303-310.
2. Crawford F, Thomson C. Interventions for treating plantar heel pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD000416.
3. League A. Current concepts review: plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int. 2008; 19(3):358-366.
4. Cole C, Seto C, Gazewood J. Plantar fasciitis: evidence-based review of diagnosis and therapy. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(11):2237-2242.
5. Gefen A. Stress analysis of the standing foot following surgical plantar fascia release. J Biomech. 2002;35(5):629–637.
6. Cheung JT, An KN, Zhang M. Consequences of partial and total plantar fascia release: a finite element study. Foot Ankle Int. 2006(27):125–132.
7. Dimou ES, Brantingham JW, T Wood. A randomized controlled trial (with blinded observer) of chiropractic manipulation and Achilles stretching vs. orthotics for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. J Am Chiro Assoc. 2004;41(9):32-42.
8. Pascual Huerta J, García JM, Matamoros EC, Matamoros JC, Martínez TD. Relationship of body mass index, ankle dorsiflexion, and foot pronation on plantar fascia thickness in healthy, asymptomatic subjects. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2008;98(5):379–85.
9. Batt ME, Tanji JL, N Skattum. Plantar fasciitis: a prospective randomized clinical trial of the tension nightsplint. Clin J Sports Med. 1996; 6(3):158–162.
10. Lynch DM, Goforth WP, Martin JE, Odom RD, Preece CK, Kotter MW. Conservative treatment of plantar fasciitis: a prospective study. J Am Pod Med Assoc. 1998;88(8):375–380.
11. Martin JE, Hosch JC, Goforth WP, Murff RT, Lynch DM, Odom RD. Mechanical treatment of plantar fasciitis: a prospective study. J Am Pod Med Assoc. 2001;91(2):55–62.
12. Turlik MA, Donatelli TJ, Veremis MG. A comparison of shoe inserts in relieving mechanical heel pain. Foot. 1999; 9(2):84–87.
13. Benitez-Aguirre PZ, Craig ME, Jenkins AJ, Gallego PH, Cusumano J, et al. Plantar fascia thickness is longitudinally associated with retinopathy and renal dysfunction: a prospective study from adolescence to adulthood. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2012;6(2):348-55.
14. DiMarcangelo MT, Yu TC. Diagnostic imaging of heel pain and plantar fasciitis. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1997;14(2):281–301.
15. Mahowald S, Legge BS, Grady JF. The correlation between plantar fascia thickness and symptoms of plantar fasciitis. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2011;101(5):385-9.
16. Gill LH. Plantar fasciitis: diagnosis and conservative management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1997;5(2):109-117.
17. Donley BG, Moore T, Sferra J, Gozdanovic J, Smith R. The efficacy of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled study. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(1):20-23.
18. Lemont H, Ammirati KM, Usen N. Plantar fasciitis: a degenerative process (fasciosis) without inflammation. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2003;93(3):234-237.
19. Landorf KB, Radford JA, Keenan A, Redmond AC. Effectiveness of low-dye taping for the short-term management of plantar fasciitis. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2005;95(6):525-530.
20. Van de Water AT, Speksnijder CM. Efficacy of taping for the treatment of plantar fasciosis: a systematic review of controlled trials. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2010;100(1):41-51.
21. Radford JA, Landorf KB, Buchbinder R, Cook C. Effectiveness of low-Dye taping for the short-term treatment of plantar heel pain: a randomised trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006; August 9;7:64-71.
22. Bolivar YA, Munuera PV, Padillo JP. Relationship between tightness of the posterior muscles of the lower limb and plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(1):42-8.
23. Labovitz JM, Yu J, Kim C. The role of hamstring tightness in plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Spec. 2011;4(3):141-4.
24. DiGiovanni BF. Tissue-specific plantar fascia stretching exercise enhances outcomes in patients with chronic heel pain: a prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg. 2003; 85A(7):1270–1277.
25. Porter D, Barrill E, Oneacre K, May BD. The effects of duration and frequency of Achilles tendon stretching on dorsiflexion and outcome in painful heel syndrome: a randomized, blinded control study. Foot Ankle Int. 2002;
26. Batt ME, Tanji JL, N Skattum. Plantar fasciitis: a prospective randomized clinical trial of the tension night splint. Clin J Sports Med. 1996;6(3):158–162.
27. Lee WC, Wong WY, Kung E, Leung AK. Effectiveness of adjustable dorsiflexion night splint in combination with accommodative foot orthosis on plantar fasciitis. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(10):1557-64.
28. Wapner KL, Sharkey PF. The use of night splints for treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle. 1991;12(3):135-7.
29. Crawford F, Atkins D, Young P, Edwards J. Steroid injection for heel pain: evidence of short-term effectiveness. A randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology. 1999;38(10):974-7.
30. Blockey N. The painful heel: a controlled trial of the value of hydrocortisone. Br Med J. 1956;1(4978):1277-8.
31. Ball EM, McKeeman HM, Patterson C, Burns J, Yau WH, Moore OA, Benson C, Foo J, Wright GD, Taggart AJ. Steroid injection for inferior heel pain: a randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(6):996-1002.
32. Yucel I, Yazici B, Degirmenci E, Erdogmus B, Dogan S. Comparison of ultrasound-, palpation-, and scintigraphy-guided steroid injections in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2009;129(5):695-701.
33. Walther M, Kratschmer B, Verschl J, Volkering C, Altenberger S, Kriegelstein S, Hilgers M. Effect of different orthotic concepts as first line treatment of plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Surg. 2013;19(2):103-7
34. Caselli MA, et al. Evaluation of magnetic foil and PPT Insoles® in the treatment of heel pain. J Am Pod Med Assoc. 1997; 87(1):11–16.
35. Landorf KB, Keenan AM, Herbert RD. Effectiveness of foot orthoses to treat plantar fasciitis: a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(12):1305-10.
36. Landorf KB, Keenan AM, Herbert RD. Effectiveness of different types of foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2004;94(6):542-9.
37. Kumar V, Millar T, Murphy PN, Clough T. The treatment of intractable plantar fasciitis with platelet-rich plasma injection. Foot (Edinb). 2013 Jul 29. Doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2013.06.002. (Epub ahead of print)
38. Akşahin E, Doğruyol D, Yüksel HY, Hapa O, Doğan O, Celebi L, Biçimoğlu A. The comparison of the effect of corticosteroids and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012 Jun;132(6):781-5.
39. Ragab EM, Othman AM. Platelet rich plasma for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012;132(8):1065-70.
For further reading, see "Plantar Fasciitis: How To Maximize Outcomes With Conservative Therapy" in the May 2006 issue of Podiatry Today. For an enhanced online experience, check out Podiatry Today on your iPad or Android tablet.


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A collection of scholarly works about individual liberty and free markets. A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.
1925 - ?
Historical Period:
The 20th Century and Beyond
Kingsley Widmer taught at San Diego State University and wrote on D.H. Lawrence, Henry Miller, Nathaniel West, Paul Goodman, Herman Melville, as well as on the issues of censorship, freedom, and culture.


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Walking Shadows
Creating his own take on the classic jazz-with-strings album was the initial impetus for Joshua Redman's Walking Shadows, a collection of ballads, both vintage and contemporary, that can be as eloquently moody and restless in feel as they are hauntingly beautiful and serene. With his friend and frequent collaborator, the pianist Brad Mehldau, on board as producer—the first time Mehldau has assumed that role for a project other than one of his own—Redman has retooled a familiar formula. The jazz-with-strings concept serves as a starting point, as foundation and inspiration, for Redman's exploration of an ambitiously eclectic set of tunes performed in a variety of configurations. The strings themselves are an active, emotive presence on the six songs in which they are featured and their absence on other tracks only seems to heighten the drama of those more austerely arranged compositions.
Redman and Mehldau culled material from the best of the Great American Songbook, including "Easy Living," "Lush Life," "Stardust," and "The Folks Who Live on the Hill." But they also looked much further afield, reframing pieces from J.S. Bach (the Adagio from his organ Toccata in C) to the Beatles ("Let It Be"), from a soulful John Mayer number ("Stop This Train") to the angular rock of New York indie stalwarts Blonde Redhead ("Doll Is Mine"), plus a few original tracks from Redman and Mehldau. While the songs required an individualized approach, Redman and Mehldau managed to artfully fit them all together to form a kind of seamless narrative, an often brooding and melancholic one that seems to unfold, as the Macbeth-derived album title suggests, between the light and the dark.
"The strings add a richness and a lushness, a romanticism and even a touch of nostalgia to the music," explains Redman. "But we also wanted that to be balanced with an intimacy and a directness and a rawness, so as we started to think about the different tunes, we also thought about the different possible configurations for them. There are six songs with strings, but two of them don't have the rhythm section. And there are quartet songs, a couple of trio songs (one without bass, one without piano), a duo song. We tried to explore a variety of instrumentation and texture in the course of making the record."
Redman cut Walking Shadows last September at Avatar in Manhattan with Mehldau on piano, longtime friends and collaborators Larry Grenadier and Brian Blade on bass and drums, and 15 orchestral players. James Farber engineered and Dan Coleman, who had previously worked with Mehldau on his 2010 Highway Rider release, served as conductor. Along with Mehldau, Coleman contributed string arrangements, as did composer Patrick Zimmerli, who'd written and arranged for Mehldau's 2011 Modern Music duo-piano disc. The tracks were recorded live in the studio, the string parts included, making for an exciting, albeit high stakes, session that required both great attention to detail and plenty of improvisatory daring.
Key to the recording, says Redman, "was trying to make sure we preserved that sense of spontaneity and interactivity and conversation and surprise which is at the core of great small-group jazz, even in contexts where we were playing along with this larger ensemble with strings. That was part of our job: to help make the orchestra sound as if it were genuinely a part of the improvisation and conversation, of the ebb and flow, of the give and take, even though, of course, the strings themselves weren't really improvising at all. It's one of the reasons it was so important for us to record everything live, with the strings at the same time, as opposed to recording them in a session as an overdub, which might have been technically and logistically a lot easier. But musically, I think that would have made everything feel less natural and integrated. And Brad, Larry, and Brian are all geniuses in that respect. They just instinctively know how to be completely open, free, and interactive in the moment, but at the same time be fully aware of the larger context in which they're playing, and conscious of the overall texture and structure. Above all, they're always mindful of how everything is contributing to the development and interpretation of the song."
In 1998, Redman and these same players cut a well-received ballads set as a quartet called Timeless Tales (For Changing Times), a then-meets-now effort that juxtaposed standards with repertoire from the likes of Prince, Joni Mitchell, and Bob Dylan. In the 15 years since, Redman has developed a deeper appreciation for the songwriter's craft, for the words as well as the music: "I did reference the lyrics to many of those Timeless Tales songs, but I don't think I let most of them sink in as much as I did with this project. With Walking Shadows, my relationship with the lyrics was much more immersive. And, in many cases, it actually helped to determine which songs we might play and how we might play them."
Mehldau had brought up the possibility of cutting John Mayer's "Stop This Train." As he recounts, "Josh has such a way of getting at the heart of a song, and this is a really great song. It has the kind of Beatles harmony that I know is already part of his sensibility, so I knew that it wouldn't be a stretch for him." In its original form, "Stop This Train" was a sweetly boyish complaint about the inevitability of growing up (and old). Redman's expressive lead lends it more truly adult sensibility. Continues Mehldau, "What I love about Josh's performance is the way he brought the blues into this kind of world in the figuration he plays around the melody as it builds intensity. He took the song and made it jazz."
Redman himself contributed perhaps the most left-field idea, Blonde Redhead's "Doll Is Mine," which he originally heard via his James Farm band mates: "I never really imagined I'd play one of their songs, especially not in this context—for a jazz ballads record. My concept was to take the song and slow it down a lot, playing it almost like an old school soul ballad, but at the rehearsal Brian Blade came up with a totally different approach to the drum beat—something much more fluid, nuanced and subtle. It was so much better than my concept, though it took me a few takes in the studio to actually realize it. After the session, Brad and I were listening and evaluating and we realized that 'Doll Is Mine' really had something unique in terms of atmosphere and groove—very relaxed yet forward-moving, with natural heartfelt, melancholic bluesy expression."
Redman also guided the pop benediction of Paul McCartney's "Let It Be" to a surprising place: "I had this vision of almost playing it like a country gospel song, a very simple, relaxed approach, with a little bluesy tinge but a plainspoken directness. And that's how we approached the main melody. But then there is the tag where it gets more extroverted and agitated, where it starts to really take off. It becomes the most hard-hitting small-group playing on the record. I liked that contrast. I also feel it relates to a possible lyrical irony imbedded in the song. The lyrics of the first verse are obviously about being peaceful, about finding solace and comfort in the midst of anxiety and trouble, about accepting things. We play the song in that way at first; but the vamp at the end is resisting that. There's a tension, a refusal to let things be as they are, a striving or longing for a better world, that perhaps refers to the more idealistic, protest vibe implicit in the second verse. We're playing with messages, with lyrics."
In other cases, the strings were very much part of the transformative process, supplying a real voice of their own throughout. Redman says, "We wanted them to feel essential, not incidental, to the music. They needed to be a critical part of the interpretation, of the musical conversation. For example, the verse to 'Lush Life'"—arranged by Zimmerli—"has very active and prominent strings; they're playing key melodic figures. Actually, Patrick kind of wrote that section so that it would sometimes sound like certain strings were 'improvising' counter-lines against my pretty straightforward statement of the verse melody. On the other hand, with a song like 'Let Me Down Easy'," the Redman original that serves as the album's melancholic denouement, "the role of the strings feels maybe a bit more supportive and atmospheric with respect to the way Brad, Larry, Brian, and I are playing."
Dan Coleman's arrangement of Wayne Shorter's "Infant Eyes," on which Redman switches from tenor to soprano sax, perhaps falls somewhere in between: "I think in some ways the melodic voice of the orchestra on that song might be enhanced by my improvisational approach. At times, I'm really trying to listen to and interact with the strings, taking some of the ideas they throw out there and responding to them and elaborating on them, using them as the basis for further improvisation. The rhythm section is right in there with me, doing the same thing, so overall it has a very conversational and interactive feel."
Jazz-with-strings is a sub-genre that has produced such milestones as Charlie Parker With Strings, Stan Getz's Focus, and Art Pepper's Winter Moon. Redman cites works by Clifford Brown, Ben Webster, and Wynton Marsalis among his personal favorites, as well as the vocal jazz recordings of Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan, Frank Sinatra, and Nat Cole. But it was after participating in Mehldau's Highway Rider sessions, and accompanying Mehldau on tour following the double-disc's release, that his interest was seriously piqued to work in an orchestral setting—and he knew he had to get Mehldau involved if he was going to do it: "I relate so strongly to his aesthetic and we connect on so many levels. There's really no one I could have trusted more—especially for a project like this, with all the work that had to be done and all the decisions that had to be made, and with finding an honest and interesting and hopefully compelling way to integrate these two worlds—the world of improvised jazz and the world of orchestrated strings."
For this pair of old friends, the process didn't end at the tracking session's conclusion. Finding the right placement for the strings, defining their role within the overall mix, was their final, and perhaps most crucial, task. Explains Redman, "This was something we spent a lot of time working on and trying to make sure we got right for each song. I think James Farber, our engineer, really did a brilliant job in that respect. And we had a really great working vibe at the mix with him and Brad and me listening, evaluating, discussing and finally making the 'right' decisions. We had our general concepts and our assumptions and our philosophies. But we really had to feel everything out on a case-by-case, song-by-song basis. So much depended not only on the particular song and the particular arrangement, but also sometimes on the particular vibe of the particular take we might have chosen. In the end, though, I think we were striving for something that felt natural. We wanted the final mixes to be warm and lush and enveloping, even comforting—after all, it is, essentially, a ballads album. But I think we also didn't necessarily want any aspects of the sonics or the production to call too much attention to themselves. We wanted to highlight the music, not the technique. We'd rather people come away thinking 'this music feels good' as opposed to just 'this record sounds great.'"
—Michael Hill


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The system here at SonicFit trains students to develop frameworks. For pitch, students recognize where each pitch fits in a framework- be it diatonic, highly chromatic, or even atonal. It is more useful, for example, to know that the two pitches are RE and SOL, and less useful to know that the interval between them is a fourth. (The later is great theoretical reinforcement and certainly builds knowledge, but is not the primary tool.) When sight reading, one will become exhausted if chasing note to note, mentally identifying each interval as it approaches. We really just don't think that way.
Even when a passage is atonal, we ground ourselves in a framework whereby we know what A to C is because we also know A to C# and A to B – we know the framework. In the exercise "melodic fragments," students begin to train on fully chromatic frameworks within a small range, and later expand to larger ranges by utilizing octave displacements.
For chromatic tonal melodies, SonicFit trains students to recognize the chromatic pitches according to where they fit in the diatonic scale- which is largely informed by their tendency resolution. FI is easy to find when one learns it according to its resolution to SOL. Like basic scale degree recognition skills, this skill can be developed using the "scale degree exercise."
The framework for rhythm is meter and beat divisions. It is of primary importance to know that the second note begins on beat four; this is what we hear. From it we may derive that the first note, which begins on beat one, is a dotted half note. The framework leads us to determine durations, we do not chase durations from one note to the next, in the same way that we do not chase pitches by intervals one note to the next. All of the rhythmic exercises, thereby, train students to recognize metric or beat division placements. At advanced levels, students must navigate exercises in which the meter and beat divisions change.
Framework understand, thereby, is the foundation of SonicFit. This however, does not exclude the study of several helpful training tools that can be found here. A well rounded musician knows the same material from many different perspectives, so you will find many different types of exercises.
More about our pedagogy, especially how our curriculum is structured and how we approach foundational skills, can be found on our Choral Curriculum page (linked below). This section contains an extensive explanation of our use of Movable Do Solfege using LA based minor.


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Show heart rate data on swim activities
Currently the swim data from the HRM-Swim doesn't display. It would be good to get it on there for suffer score etc.
Currently the swim data from the HRM-Swim doesn't display. It would be good to get it on there for suffer score etc.
DCR Rainmaker posted a swim yesterday using a Garmin with heart rate data so I asked him about it in the comments section and he was kind enough to reply.
The activity was originally recorded as a run and then relabelled as a swim hence why the hr data came through to Strava. Again he confirmed his understanding of why the issue persists, and perhaps his thoughts depending on how you read emojis.
I asked him to pass on this strand to anyone who might have some influence also.
Instagram post, should get some more people aware of the issue.
No more money for strava. Disappointing.
Hey Jess,
Talk is cheap!
Lets comment externaly, direct action!
What better place to let strava know of the issue than here? Added my bit....
It's really a shame that we still cannot see heart rate data from our Garmin HRM-TRI on Strava.
I will not renew my summit / premium membership because of this.
This is so frustrating! I swim with the Garmin HRM Swim and the data shows up in Garmin Connect. Neither Strava nor TrainingPeaks process the information included in the packet. I say we nudge Garmin too.
This thread is under "New Feature Ideas" and it's NOT A NEW FEATURE. It's basic heart rate data. Does the right team know about this?
I just got the Coros Apex, it records HR on the wrist thus included in the main set of data, but of course not shown on strava. Yet again the question on why paying for summit when even the most basic stuff isn't working (not to mention the complete lack of tri support)
Wow, holy old feature request! I only just got the possibility to record HR while swimming myself, but this stuff have been around for years, and the data in the files synced are not exactly hocus pocus. Come on Strava!
Guys, I have a friend who works at Strava. I've been pushing him on this and also directed him to this thread to see the demand. They are working on this...it has been confirmed. No updates beyond that nor a timeline, but I was heartened to at least hear they're actually working on it.
Hi. Yes please could this feed be added, currently missing effort score and not getting fatigue data. So this is missing data from Strava premium.
Just FYI, if you manually export a TCX file from Garmin Connect, and upload THAT, it gives me the HR data (only visible in the mobile app, not on web). Though Strava then calculated my distance incorrectly, so....
was very surprised that Strava does not show swim HR, is it so hard or they simply don't care? please fix! I'm on premium and will not pay again if this important peace of functionality will not be present by subs end date!
Just FYI, if you manually export a TCX file from Garmin Connect, and upload THAT, it gives me the HR data (only visible in the mobile app, not on web).
Or you could simply use Garmin Connect which is free, works properly and provides good quality data.
is it so hard or they simply don't care?
100% the latter.
There are some things that Garmin Connect does well, and some things that Strava does well. Neither is my system of record. But since this is the Strava support forum, we should keep the discussion to Strava.
This is so incredibly dumb. There's been plenty of money spent on useless updates to the platform, yet this simple fix has not been done in the 3+ years since the issue was raised. I've been paying for summit for the last 3 years, but since the only thing I can do now is swim (due to an injury), the Summit membership brings me absolutely nothing. So I cancelled my subscription.
Pool Swim - Polar H10 heart rate data uploads to Strava (from Polar Beat via Polar Flow). Strava on my mobile then displays s simple heart rate graph (HR against minutes) under View Analysis but Strava on the desktop doesn't have the graph or any analysis.
Is this as expected?
Logged in with Strava Summit on both devices.
Jumping on to this very old post!!!!!! Been running and biking for awhile with FR935 and HRTRI with no real issues. Start finally swimming getting ready for a triathlon and using my HRTRI and NO FREAKING HR DATA for STRAVA- WTFFF. No suffer score etc. What the heck is paying a premium for Summit for if they can do something as simple as load up the HR data. This is freaking ridiculous. I normally dont bad mouth products but REALLY - NO HR DATA!!!! Strava come on, your software is literally for supporting triathletes!!
Jeff - it was actually originally developed for cyclists. Note that Triathlete is not an option as a default sport, nor is swimming. Just running and cycling. I think the answer is that if you aren't happy with Strava, to end your Summit subscription (as I have done).
In my testing with a Fenix 5 Plus and HRM-Swim, I have found that the auto-synced workouts now display my average heart rate in the Strava app on Android, if I export the TCX file from Garmin Connect, and upload it to Strava, then I get all of my heart rate data in the app on Android (but then Strava screws up the distance tally), and in no cases is that data viewable on web. The lack of feature parity between web and mobile are nuts. There are things that are in mobile and not web, and things in web that aren't in mobile. Product management at Strava is just all over the place.
Reginald - agree it started as a cyclist and yes I am just irritated but I would say that strava literally has 3 main activities that is categorizes for activity logging - Bike, Run and Swimming. Seems like it would be easy enough fold in the swimming data to at least have the correct distance and HR for suffer score. My own experimenting with the FR935 is exactly as you described, I can choose between accurate distance and no HR data with auto Download or I can manually upload and get HR data and inaccurate distance - though the lap distance is always right... it doesnt make since. I am considering not continuing my annual subscription because of this. I like having all my bike rides and runs in one place but I can get the same (debatable if better) in garmin connect. That and strava doesnt allow editing distance for runs or bike rides - so I run a marathon and my gps says 25.5 miles at the end - it would be nice to change it to 26.2 and take credit for my actual run.
The only way this will eventually make it onto the Strava dev roadmap is if we keep asking for it... so PLEASE figure out a way to support HR with Garmin. Also figure out how to get lap data to import for segments shorter than 400m b/c that not working is actually insane.
What's the latest on this? No renewal for me without this feature. I'll just leave everything in Garmin and not bother with Strava.
A workaround would be fine I don't mind export/import a file or something.
Amazed that this has not yet been implemented!
Dear Strava,
Skimmed through this thread ... 2 points really strike me:
Seems like a quick fix.
Still nothing after 3+ years of requests etc.
Surely it would be good for business to incorporate - certainly wouldn't hurt right?
An update/ time frame on this would help - but the fix itself would be awesome please!
Come on... It can't take this long for Strava to implement this...! What are you waiting for ? Everyone to give up their summit accounts ?!
Well my renewal just came up. Cancelled and made it clear in the requested feedback as to why. Funny thing is, I've now come to release that all the other paid for features in Strava are a bit useless to be honest, and I can get all I want from the free version (or from Garmin Connect).
Nice little example as to how you can disrupt a customer who was happily paying his subscription month after month, for the sake of relatively straightforward development.
I genuinely challenge each of you who have come and vented in this thread to just go ahead and cancel. I don't think you'll miss what Summit offers.
Just adding to the chorus of discontent. It's not bad enough that it doesn't pull the HR data from Garmin, but it actually displays a ridiculously unrealistic HR of 67. I guess I'm superhuman.
@Richard Bacon, I wish that I could cancel for this, but I already cancelled when they got rid of the suffer score. I don't think Strava understands where they are in the market. They seem to want to be a serious platform for training, but I don't think they are that. They're a fun social platform. Garmin Connect, TrainingPeaks, etc. These are the serious training platforms. Strava is a sporty social network. The Suffer Score was fun and cheeky. The "Relative Effort" is a worse metric than the similar ones that I have on other platforms.
I have just bought a garmin swim HRM just so I will not my lose my fitness / fatigue / relative effort for my swims. Very disappointed to find that the transfer of heart rate data for swims is a long standing issue with Strava. After a few experiments I found I can export to TCX from garmin connect, delete the automatically uploaded swim and replace it by importing the TCX and it does give me the relative effort score. No other detailed heart rate data. Fine - it is the bare minimum I require so will suffice but it is totally rubbish I have to mess about like this on what should be a seamless data transfer.
Por favor, entrar para comentar.


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Running Dynamics
Ground Contact
When used with HRM-Run, 620 measures how much time, during the running motion, your foot is on the ground rather than in flight. Ground contact time is measured in milliseconds. Most running ground contact times are between 160 — 300 milliseconds. Elite runners typically spend under 200-milliseconds in contact with the ground each step.


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Hey Guest! If you're more than just a WildStar fan and want to keep up on the latest MMO news, reviews and opinion pieces then I'd like to suggest you visit our sister site MMO Central
Jabbit - Extra Life! (Ɔ◔‿◔)Ɔ ♥
Discussion in 'WildStar General' started by BlackSwan, Oct 23, 2014.


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February 29
9:00 am - 10:15 am
Ashtanga class that incorporates vinyassa flow sequences. Emphasis on breath, alignment and engagement of muscles.
Spaces are available for this class. We respect your time and our instructors' time so we do require at least one on line reservation per class. Please register at least two hours in advance so that our instructors will be there for you! If you do reserve a space, we ask that you respect the studio and your fellow classmates by ensuring you attend the class, or by cancelling at least 24 hours in advance.
Reserve your space
If you are reserving for the first time, an account will be created for you and your username and password will be sent via email. If you do not receive the email, be sure to check your junk mail.
Reservations are closed for this event.


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Even though uniformed military personnel have been exempted and will continue to be paid, the shutdown directive would inevitably damage US credibility, Hagel told reporters in Seoul, where he is on the first leg of a visit to South Korea and Japan.
The trip is largely aimed at underscoring the US commitment to its two most important military alliances in the region, and Hagel said the "completely irresponsible" stance of the US Congress could only undermine that effort.
"This dark cloud of uncertainty... affects our missions around the world. It affects our allies questioning our commitment," he said.
While the shutdown will have no actual impact on US military treaty obligations, "it does cast a very significant pall over America's credibility to our allies", he added.
Hagel said lawyers at the Department of Defense were trying to work out if there was any room to expand the number of non-uniformed personnel exempted from the mass furloughs.
© 2010 Ahram Online.


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Updated with new screenshot (12:30PM ET)
We're just going to leave this here for now as we're not 100% sure to do with it. The image above reportedly reveals the official Instagram app for Windows Phone 7 and Windows Phone 8 on the Windows Phone Store page. But images can be faked and this one has a few issues with it.
For one, the first sentence states: "100 million users love Instagram! It's a free, fun, and simple way to make and share gorgeous photos on your Android."
Ahem, Android?
Obviously the use of 'Android' and not Windows Phone is a little suspicious but then again, if this was a quick copy/paste job done internally at Microsoft, who knows what their standards are (if any) for private apps.
The listing notes that the app is not available for download, which suggest that this is for internal app testing. Another curious thing about the image is the Photo > Social category because as of right now, there is no such category on the Store. That's not to say this app can't be creating that category and when it is made public, will be instantiated—but it does raise an eyebrow at the least.
Overall, we're leaning towards fake on this only because the burden of proof is on the new Twitter account that leaked it: @anontechleaks. Store listings and screenshots are super easy to spoof and with no way of validating this ourselves, we have to assume that we're being hoaxed here.
Still, leaving some wiggle room for error we can think of a few ways that this could be legitimate. For one, it was rumored that Microsoft had already built an Instagram app but are simply waiting for permission to legally access their APIs. That mirrors a similar situation with a high-quality YouTube app that Microsoft reportedly has compiled but can't release it to due to Google's restrictions. We also just reported a story about hidden apps on the Store, showing that indeed there are some gems lurking in the background (of course, no Instagram app was found during those searches).
But we'll leave this to you today: Is the image and app fake or not?
Source: @anontechleaks
Review: Elgato's Wave 3 is a great first attempt at a condenser mic
The Elgato Wave 3 is one of two new microphones from Elgato, which aims to give streamers an affordable high-quality all-in-one condenser mic with impressive studio features on the side. Is it worth the asking price, though? Let's take a look (and listen.)
Razer adds more splashes of color to its accessories and Blade 15
Razer's lineup of gaming accessories is getting a colorful new coat of paint today. Everything from the Razer Viper Ultimate to the Hammerhead Wireless headphones are now available in Quartz pink and Mercury white. Even the Blade 15 is getting a new coat of Quartz soon.
Xbox Series X, Xbox Series S preorders: The ultimate guide
Your ultimate guide to Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S preorders, including the planned start date, pricing, where to buy, and everything you need to know.
These are the best AMD AM4 motherboards with PCIe 4.0
Looking for the best AMD motherboards with PCIe 4.0? We've got you covered with our top recommendations right here to build quite the PC.


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- Mermaid bridal gowns
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Mermaid bridal gowns and Trumpet wedding dresses are stylishly,popular.They have fitted body and flare out around the knee to the floor.
Mermaid bridal gowns!
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In 2017 the Houston Astros won their 1st World Series championship. Celebrate this incredible win with the original front page framed of the Houston Chronicle the day after they won the championship. Black frame measures 16x26" and comes ready to hang. Item is not autographed. THIS IS THE ORIGINAL, AUTHENTIC FRONT PAGE.
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Display cases make a great gift idea!


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What sort of dollie works well in a small garage?
What sort of dollie works well in a small garage?
"You can do good or you can do well. Sooner or later they make you choose." MI5
Mod Squad
The one from LegalSpeeding.com is pretty nifty. Never tried it, but seen it demo'd at the motorcycle shows. Nothing like it as far as I've ever seen.
Last edited by RTRandy; 12-22-2010 at 12:04 AM.
the parton's rack is pretty amazing too
I have one. My K1200GT is an admittedly heavy bike but it's quite a handful to get up onto the Park-n-move.
They say to use a 1/2" board to raise either the front or rear wheel - I raise the rear wheel... and it is still a two person job. Others may have found a better technique, but I struggle.
Once it's up on the Park-n-Move it rolls around easily in the garage.
I have one and I like it.
I wouldn't say it's super easy to get my RT up on it, but it's not really that hard either.
Paul Glaves - "Big Bend", Texas U.S.A
"The greatest challenge to any thinker is stating the problem in a way that will allow a solution." - Bertrand Russell


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Net Promoter, Net Promoter System, Net Promoter Score, NPS and the NPS-related emoticons are registered trademarks of Bain & Company, Inc., Fred Reichheld and Satmetrix Systems, Inc.


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The holidays are upon us, and the increased hustle and bustle can take a serious toll on the healthy habits we strive to stick to every day. neuroSONIC recently released the results of a survey that reveals just how much the holidays impact our health and fitness routines, highlighting stats about working out, energy levels, and more.
READ: Fall Foods That Burn Fat
LIKE BlackDoctor.org on Facebook! Get Your Daily Medicine…For LIFE!
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- The survey reveals that 41 percent of respondents admit that their workout routine decreases during the holidays and 9 percent says it completely stops. While people may believe they are not getting their exercise in during the holidays, shopping may make up for the missed gym hours. Wearing a pedometer while holiday shopping is a great way to indicate how much exercise you are getting!
- The survey points out that 48 percent of respondents claim to work on the holidays and 16 percent sometimes work during the holidays. While it's unfortunate that such a large percentage of people are not able to enjoy a break from work during the holidays, there are exercises that can be done discretely while at your desk. For example, you can easily do leg extensions, back twists and toe raises all while staying seated on your chair!
- 40 percent of respondents indicate that shopping is the most draining activity during the holidays. Twenty-eight percent of Americans are ahead of the game and do the majority of their holiday shopping prior to Black Friday. This is an excellent way to relieve some of the added stress of the holidays and leave some free time for your daily exercise routine.
- The survey also indicates that 38 percent of respondents claim to be more tired during the holidays. Overcoming low energy levels to tackle workouts during the demanding holiday season is easier than you think! There are plenty of ways to increase energy with low calorie drinks or snack options, such as neuro SONIC, which provides sustained energy for only 35 calories.
READ: 4 Things About Fall That Can Make You Fat
How Can You Be Healthier This Holiday Season?
- Don't let holiday travel get in the way of your active lifestyle. With frequent flight delays over the season, sometimes you can spend multiple hours sitting in a terminal waiting for your plane to board. Use this time to store your luggage in a locker and take a long walk through the airport. Consider downloading a fitness tracker app, like Strava or MapMyRun, to your smartphone to keep track of the distance you walked.
- Forty-seven percent of survey respondents claim to feel mentally drained in the afternoon. A great way to maintain energy throughout the day is by working out before heading to work. Of course waking up early can be daunting, but morning workouts energize you, boost your metabolism, and give you a sense of accomplishment that lasts all day.
- Many people terminate their fitness plan over the holidays because they don't have access to a gym while traveling. With all of the fitness accessories available today, you can easily shift your workout plan to fit your location. A jump rope, strengthening bands, running shoes, or even a yoga mat are all items that you can toss into your suitcase for a quick workout away from home!


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by Shannon
Jack and Sally Costume Photo 6 of 10
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Tim Burtons The Nightmare Before Christmas Sally Glam Adult Costume
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This homemade costume for couples entered our 2013 Halloween Costume Contest.
A word from Hannah, the 'Jack and Sally' costume creator:
My boyfriend and I are Jack and Sally from the nightmare before Christmas. We didn't want to purchase the costumes from the store so the only thing that was purchased was my dress the other... Read more »
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Master of Education in TESOL
Eastern University's Online Master of Education in TESOL is committed to prepare professionals to work effectively with people from all cultural backgrounds and to provide English instruction to English learners in the United States and the world.
Graduates of the Master of Education in TESOL will be able to:
- Demonstrate the comprehension of the complexity of cultural and linguistic diversity and its implications for student achievement.
- Apply curricula, methodologies, and evaluation strategies best suited for students of diverse cultural and language backgrounds.
- Reflect critically on their own assumptions and practices as a basis for personal transformation and vision creation that will benefit the student community.
- Instruct English effectively to speakers of other languages.
- Demonstrate leadership skills that promote educational equity for a diverse population.
- The Online Master of Education in TESOL program integrates Eastern University's mission of faith, justice, and reason to promote educational equity and social justice.
- The completion time of the program ranges between one to maximum seven years.
- The flexible program design accommodates students who manage busy schedules or who live in different time zones.
- The entire program, except TESOL field experience, is offered online to accommodate the needs of local, national, and international students. TESOL field experience can be complete on ground at the students' locations with proper supervision.
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- Applicants can enter Eastern University online M.Ed. program at multiple points throughout the year.
- Students will have regular access to faculty with rich multicultural and international experiences through synchronous and asynchronous communication tools.
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Listing Details
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Mocha Mousse Pie
This delicious pie will be a hit when it comes time for dessert. It's also super easy to make!
Waldorf Salad with Lemon Yogurt Dressing
Waldorf salads are one of our favorites. This salad, with lemon yogurt dressing will be a hit at any picnic.
Stuffed Cheeseburgers
There's nothing better than a juicy cheeseburger on a cool summer night, except a stuffed cheeseburger.
Strawberry Banana Smoothie Ice Pops
It's getting hot out there! Instead of buying ice pops from the grocery store, why not make your own?
French Rhubarb Pie
It's that time of year again, rhubarb season! Who needs strawberries? Try this pie with rhubarb only.
Raspberry Crumble Bars
The season for light, delicate desserts is here. Serve these raspberry crumble bars at picnics. cookouts or sleepovers.
Warm Halibut Potato Salad
Everybody wants to look good for summer, right? Why not try this healthy halibut and potato salad? It's low-cal and filling!
Southwest Pork Tacos
Tacos are a great meal idea because building them involves the whole family!
Avocado, Grapefruit Salad with Grapefruit Vinaigrette and Toasted Pecans
Avacado is becoming a very trendy ingredient. Why not try this healthy avacado and grapefruit salad. Don't forget the dressing!
Crust-less Spring Quiche
Quiche can be boring, but it doesn't have to be! Here's a quiche recipe that puts other recipes to shame!
Roasted Potatoes with Bacon and Goat Cheese
Whether you're entertaining family and friends for Easter, or you're just looking to mix dinner up, these roasted potatoes with bacon and goat cheese are to die for!
Caramel Frozen Yogurt Pie with Grilled Peaches
Tired of winter weather? Bring a little bit of sunshine to your dinner party with this tasty and refreshing frozen yogurt pie.


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Yom Kippur 5759 - '98
Outline Vol. 2, # 47
This issue has been dedicated in honor of the recent yahrzeit of I. H. Bernstein -- Yitzchak Tzvi ben Shimon Menachem Nachum Halevi, by his grandchildren. Passed away 26 Elul 5726 -- Sept. 26, '65.
Chodshei Hashanah Vol. 2, Part 30
Every year, the following issue comes up: The self-examination of Yom Kippur seems very difficult. Regret and embarrassment over our mistakes make us cringe at the thought of facing up to the past.
Rebbenu Yona in Yesod Hateshuva deals with this issue succinctly: A person should not tackle the past and bemoan all his errors. If he were to do so, he would become ashamed and not be able to improve himself. Rather, he should see himself as a new-born individual, with no connection to the past -- neither merits, nor errors. He enters with a clean slate, and can start fresh, without being burdened with a disturbing past. If approached in this way, a person will feel released, as if he has just unloaded a heavy weight.
Strangely, though, the same author wrote the contrary, in another work: A basic requisite to Teshuva is to be bitter over one's mistakes. Only in this way can a person change fundamentally; according to the level of the bitterness, is the degree of the change of heart. (Sha'arei Teshuva, First Gate, 13.)
Which is the important aspect, to regret the past, or to avoid past errors and turn over a new leaf?
The Test
The Talmud (Sanhedrin 107) states that Dovid Hamelech (King David) erred in having asked to be tested. He was punished by having to face a test too difficult to withstand, until he saw the error in his having made such a request. Originally he said, "Examine me, Hashem, and test me; refine my insides and my heart." (T'hilim [Psalms 26:2].) Later, he reversed himself: "You have tested me, and found nothing suitable; muzzle my mouth that it not transgress." (Ibid., 17:3, according to Rashi's commentary to Sanhedrin)
Rav Yitzchak Hutner (Pachad Yitzchak, Rosh Hashanah, 7) shows that the Talmud's statement cannot be taken literally. Dovid Hamelech could not have completely regretted having asked to be tested, for the original request is a verse that remains in the book of T'hilim (Psalms 26:2): "Examine me, Hashem, and test me; refine my insides and my heart."
Rather, Dovid Hamelech came to the realization that a prayer expressing concern precede a desire to be tested. Only one who truly realizes the dangers inherent in being "tested" may merit to withstand the "test."
Complete Teshuva
In Hilchos Teshuva, Rambam states the ideal, complete repentance. If a person returned to the same situation to which he had succumbed to temptation, under the exact circumstances, but this time withstands the temptation -- only in such a case has complete Teshuva been fulfilled. (Hilchos Teshuva, 2:1) Surely this is difficult to understand. Would a person ask for such a thing to happen -- after having succumbed to temptation, to request to be faced with the same temptation again, in order to overcome it? Perhaps he will fall to temptation again! Surely he would be much better off running away, and not encountering such a test...
If we are to improve our ways, the important aspect ought to be to change our direction. Why focus on the negative aspects of the past? On the other hand, if we do not examine our blunders, the likelihood of returning to them is great. It is similar to the contemporary question of reforming criminals. Some say, why focus on punishments? Simply set them on a new path and release them. Experience shows, however, that convicted criminals are likely to return to their former ways.
Ideally, the past would be uprooted entirely. The criminal would have to come to a deep conviction of the seriousness of his crimes; in order to be reinstated as a law-abiding citizen, observable procedures indicating his remorse would have to be confirmed.
That is the ideal. In dealing with our own, self-initiated improvement program, though, it is not always practical to deal with the past head-on.
In Hilchos Deos (2:2), Rambam writes that if a person has acquired a bad habit, he should go to the other extreme. Eventually, he will become accustomed to living without the habit entirely. Then he can return to a median path.
We imagine that this aspect comes first and foremost: Relinquish the bad habit until you no longer think of it. There may come a time when we will be able to directly deal with every aspect of the past, and come to terms with it; until such time, however, 'turning over a new leaf' retains priority.
In fact, Rambam seems to state this clearly. After the 'complete Teshuva' which we discussed above, he writes: "What is Teshuva? He forsakes his error, turns his thoughts away, decides not to act in such a manner again..." Only after this, does the Rambam mention the need for regretting the past. (Hilchos Teshuva, 2:2)
Rabbi Yaakov Bernstein
11 Kiryas Radin
Spring Valley, NY 10977
Phone: (914) 362-5156
E-mail: [email protected]
Good Shabbos!
Text Copyright © '98 Rabbi Yaakov Bernstein and Project Genesis, Inc.
Copyright © '98 Project Genesis, Inc.


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I am loving her the Heatherette dress with jeans. She is fire and she didn't even drop an album yet! Keep looking out for her she is gona be (already is) huge!
-Doe Chee$e
Friday, September 14, 2007
Teyana Taylor in TRACE MAG
Posted by Doe Cheese at 11:56 AM 0 comments
Labels: teyana taylor, trace mag
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