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Rural women play a critical role in the rural economies of both developed and developing countries. The International Day of Rural Women directs attention to both the contribution that women make in rural areas, and the many challenges that they face. In most parts of the developing world women participate in crop production and livestock care, provide food, water and fuel for their families, and engage in off-farm activities to diversify their families' livelihoods. In addition, they carry out vital functions in caring for children, older persons and the sick.
The idea of honouring rural women with a special day was put forward by international NGOs at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. It was suggested that 15 October be celebrated as "World Rural Women's Day," on the eve of World Food Day, in order to highlight the role played by rural women in food production and food security.
This international day was finally established by the General Assembly on 18 December 2007, recognizing "the critical role and contribution of rural women, including indigenous women, in enhancing agricultural and rural development, improving food security and eradicating rural poverty."
"World Rural Women's Day" has been celebrated, primarily by civil society, across the world for over a decade. The first International Day of Rural Women was observed in New York on 15 October 2008.
In order to contribute to a fuller understanding of the issue, UN Women in collaboration with other UN organizations convened an Expert Group Meeting (EGM) 'Enabling rural women's economic empowerment: institutions, opportunities and participation' from 20-23 September 2011 in Accra, Ghana. The EGM explored a wide range of strategies that could enhance the economic empowerment of rural women.
Additional links:
Edited: G. Cornwell
The Brussels based United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe - UNRIC provides information on UN activities to the countries of the region. It also provides liaison with institutions of the European Union in the field of information. Its outreach activities extend to all segments of society and joint campaigns, projects and events are organized with partners including the EU, governments, the media, NGOs, schools and local authorities.
United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe (UNRIC Brussels)
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Tel.: +32 2 788 8484 / Fax: 32 2 788 8485


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It is that time again when most Jamaicans celebrate their independence from colonial rule. Jamaica has various national symbols, which are the representatives of their rich history & culture. Its national Flag, Tree, Fruit and Bird, all signifies its rich culture, which defines the Jamiacans, who are extremely proud of where they come from.
The Flag brings memories of the past achievements to mind. It also imparts inspiration toward further successes. It gets flown during several triumphant occasions and shows the pride, which Jamaicans have in the country as well as the flag. The flag is of three different colors such as black, gold and green. Black depicts creativity and strength of its people; gold depicts the wealth & beauty of the sunlight and the green, which shows the hope and the agricultural resources.
The Blue Mohoe (Hibiscus Elatus) is the National Tree of Jamaica. Its National fruit is the Ackee (Blighia sapida). Last but not the least, its National bird is the beautiful Doctor-bird, which is also called as Swallow-tail humming bird. Thus, these symbols distinguish the Jamaicans from the others.When you have like-minded folks in one place, at one time, listening, tasting and sharing a love of something, you truly get that feeling of All Right.
The Colony of Jamaica gained independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962. In Jamaica, this date is celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday.
Many Jamaicans that were shipped from Africa reverted back to their ancestral occupations, some became farmers or fishermen, while others returned to the trades – barber, goldsmith and ironsmith,shoemakers,tailors,dressmakers now known as fashion designers.
During the first half of the 20th century the most notable leader was Marcus Garvey, a labor leader and advocate of Black nationalism.
Garvey, to no avail, pleaded with the colonial government to improve living conditions for indigenous peoples in the West Indies. Upon returning from international travels, he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League in 1914, which promoted civil rights for blacks in Jamaica and abroad.
As World War II came to a close, a sweeping movement of decolonisation overtook the world. British Government and local politicians began a long transition of Jamaica from a crown colony into an independent state. The political scene was dominated by PNP and JLP, with the houses of legislature switching hands between the two throughout the 1950s.
When is the Independence Day of Jamaica?
Jamaica, in the Caribbean Sea, celebrates its Independence Day on August 6 each year to commemorate its freedom from British colonial occupation.
Jamaica gained independence in 1962.
How is Independence Day celebrated in Jamaica?
Fifty years ago at midnight on August 5, 1962, the Union Jack was lowered and the flag of Jamaica was unfurled for the first time. The birth of an independent Jamaica was, perhaps, the most significant event in the nation's history. Today, Jamaicans celebrate the day to commemorate that historic movement, and to reflect on the struggle undertaken to gain autonomy. It is a day of national pride and commemorates the country's achievements.
Independence Day is a day of grand celebrations in Jamaica; from paying homage to the fallen heroes who fought for the independence of the country to indulging in entertainment, music, dance, and parades with people attired in ethnic costumes, Jamaicans hold many laudatory events.
What is the historic significance of Independence Day of Jamaica?
Christopher Columbus first sighted Jamaica in 1494, and by 1509 Spanish colonists occupied the country. Britain established its control on Jamaica in 1655, but it was not until 1670 that the Spaniards gave up their control and recognized British dominance. The 1700s saw an economic boom with Jamaica becoming largest producer of sugar across the world. The economic boom, however, led to the growth of slavery and other evils. Slavery was later abolished in 1834 after the British colonists enacted the Emancipation Law in wake of growing slave revolts and uprisings.
At about this time nationalistic sentiments were on the rise and a movement towards independence started to take shape. In the1930s and early 1940s, Jamaica saw the birth of two political parties People's National Party (PNP), and Jamaica Labour Party (JLP). In 1944, Jamaica held its first elections which were won by JLP. JLP was replaced by PNP in 1955, and in 1958 Jamaica joined the Federation of West Indies, but withdrew in 1961. Finally, on August 6, 1962, Jamaica achieved freedom from British colonial rule.
What does the national flag of Jamaica represents?
Jamaica adopted its flag on August 6, 1962, the day it won its independence from the British. It consists of diagonal lines, dividing the flag into four triangles. While the top and bottom are equal green triangles, the left and the right triangles are black in color.
The flag has Pan-African colors, each of which venerates Jamaica's African legacy. While green is the symbol of hope and agricultural abundance, the yellow is representative of natural resources and sunshine, and Black stands for creativity and courage of the people.
Who wrote the national anthem of Jamaica?
Jamaica, Land We Love, is the national anthem of Jamaica. It was winning entrant of a completion that was held in 1961. It was set to music by Robert Lightbourne (arranged by Mapletoft Poulle) and its lyrics were written by Hugh Sherlock.
Chinese Jamaicans are Jamaican people of Chinese ancestry, which include descendants of migrants from China to Jamaica. Early migrants came in the 19th century; there was another wave of migration in the 1980s and 1990s. Many of the descendants of early migrants have moved abroad, primarily to Canada and the United States. Most Chinese Jamaicans are Hakka and can trace their origin to the Chinese labourers who came to Jamaica in the mid-19th to early 20th
The first Chinese-language newspaper in Jamaica, the Zhonghua Shang Bao (中華商報), was founded in 1930 by Zheng Yongkang; five years later, it was taken over by the Chinese Benevolent Association, who renamed it Huaqiao Gongbao (華僑公報). It continued publication until 1956, and was revived in 1975. The Chinese Freemasons also published their own handwritten weekly newspaper, the Minzhi Zhoukan (民治周刊) until 1956. The Pagoda, started in 1940, was the first English-language newspaper for the Chinese community. The local branch of the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) also began publishing their own paper, The Chung San News (中山報) in 1953.
They arrived as indentured labourers between 1845 and 1917. The traditional Indian practice of naming the the boys after gods and heroes and the girls after godesses, rivers, flowers, seasons, moods, or words of great significance have now been completely abandoned. Almost every Indian regardless of his or her religion has anglicized first and second names; the surnames too have been changed except for names such as Maragh and Singh.
The Indians introduced several plants and trees in Jamaica, the most common being betel leaves, betel nut, coolie plum, mango, jackfruit, and tamarind. The food habits of Indians have a distinctly Indian flavour and taste. A typical Indian dinner consists of curried chicken, roti, pulses usually cooked with mangoes, curried potato, eggplant, bitter gourd and okra.
The Germans came as indentured labourers. After emancipation, the Colonial Government of Jamaica adopted a programme of settling European peasants in the island. It was hoped that they would create a thriving settlement and act as a model for the ex-slaves. It was also hoped that if the hills were settled by Europeans, the ex-slaves would continue to work on on the large estates. The programme was never a success.
The first Jews came to the island during the Spanish occupation of the island, 1494-1655. These Jews came from Spain and Portugal. They fled because of the Spanish inquisition. To conceal their identity they referred to themselves as "Portuguese" and practiced their religion secretly.
At the time of the British conquest of the island in 1655, General Venables recorded the presence of many "Portuguese" in Jamaica. The Jews were allowed to remain after the conquest and began to practice their religion openly.
The Jews were granted British citizenship by Cromwell and this was confirmed in 1660 by King Charles. They attained full political rights in 1831. The status of British citizenship enabled ownership of property by the Jews.
In the last decade of the nineteenth century, immigrants from the Middle East began arriving in Jamaica. The majority came from Lebanon, the others were from Damascus in Syria. It is important to note that at the time of the first immigration to Jamaica, the Middle East area was known as Syria and Mount Lebanon was a part of Syria. Later when the countries were divided, the people from Mount Lebanon became known as Lebanese. Through their influence, Syrian bread has become very popular among Jamaicans.
Celebrating In Jamaica With The Natives
Besides the parties, there is the Gala parade in Kingston where hundreds of participants parade the streets dressed in costumes representing the various aspects of our cultural heritage. It is one of the most festive events on the island, full of colour, energy, music and dance. Vendors sell everything from cooked food to sweet treats and snacks and you can purchase toys and trinkets for your children to remember the occasion. Most of all, there is a great sense of unity and pride amongst the Jamaican people.
If you are not looking for entertainment but just want to relax, you can enjoy one of the many beautiful beaches on the island. Hellshire Beach in St. Catherine is known for its great fried fish and the beach is usually very busy with lots to see and do from dancing contests and horseback riding to people-watching. If you want a quieter beach experience, you can travel to the lush, green parish of Portland. There you can go to the Blue Lagoon or Frenchman's Cove, where the water is always guaranteed to be cool and refreshing. If you choose to go to the north coast, you
can climb the famous Dunn's River Falls or visit Reggae Beach and enjoy great music and food at the lobster shack. You can swim with dolphins at Dolphin Cove or go on nature tours, bobsled rides or go zip-lining at Mystic Mountain. You can also plan a hike with friends and family to the Blue Mountain and enjoy the fresh breeze and panoramic views. If you are not the outdoor or adventurous type you can watch a movie at the cinema, dine at a restaurant, or watch a play.
Whether you are a resident or travelling to the island for the first time, there is always something to enjoy on the island, especially during these holidays. The most important thing is to think ahead and plan how you want to spend this holiday. That way you can budget it out and not let it pass you by and miss out on something that you might only get to experience during this time of year. Keep safe, enjoy and make sure whatever you chose to do you won't be dissappointed.
Zion Bus
Our authentic Jamaican Country Bus, the "Zion Bus Line", will take you on a unique tour from Island Village in Ocho Rios, via Claremont to the birth and final resting place of the King of Reggae, Bob Marley. This pilgrimage has been specifically designed for Reggae enthusiasts and hardcore Bob Marley fans, who would like to visit the "Graceland" of Reggae. Rock to the rhythm of Bob's greatest hits as your "dreadlocked" driver negotiates the narrow winding country roads to the mountain village of Nine Miles. If you are a baby boomer who was hip to the 60's & 70's music of Bob Marley, Peter Tosh and Jimmy Cliff, or if you are now a fan of Shaggy, Beenie Man and the Dance Hall phenomenon, this is a Reggae experience you can't miss.
Usain Bolt Shares His Thoughts From Rio On Jamaican Independence Day
"It's a great day for us, we are using this as always to push us," he explained to The Gleaner, "This is normally the time when we push forward in the Olympics and we will enjoy the day as always so have fun and love each other." On August 6, 1962, the nation was officially granted its Independence from England and became an independent country. In addition to Jamaicans now having access to equal rights, it symbolized the birth of a new nation.
Like every Olympic competition, all eyes are on Bolt as he makes his return to the Men's Track and Feild 100m, 200m and Men's 4x100m relay, respectively next week. Known for being the fastest man in the world, the 29-year-old became the first player to win six gold medals in the sprinting category.
Rare Apples
The Star Apple is a native of the Greater Antilles, including Jamaica, and was introduced from these islands to the rest of the tropical world. When cut crossways, the fruit reveals a fleshy purple pulp with pointy black seeds that are easily removed.
They are called cocoplum in some regions of Jamaica. Some varieties are slightly round with a firm texture and with colours ranging from streaks of red to pink.
The variety which seems to be more popular and commercially viable is pear-shaped and ranges in colour from deep red to crimson. The flesh ranges in texture from crispy to soft and sponge-like. It has a mild flavour, with many even being referred to as sweet.
Otaheite is refreshing and delicious because of its high water content and its balanced sweetness
Jamaican home of Noel Coward from 1956-1973
Statue of Noel Coward at Firefly, Jamaican home of Noel Coward from 1956-1973
Sculpture of Noel Coward at Firefly, the Jamaican home of Noel Coward, overlooking Port Maria Bay, St Mary, Jamaica This photograph is thought to have been taken by Cole Lesley and shows Noël Coward at 'Look Out' in the grounds of his home, Firefly, near Ocho Rios in Jamaica.
Noël built the simple single-bedroomed house on the site of a pirate look out high on a hill above his initial Jamaican home, Blue Harbour. It looks out across the Spanish Main where a statue of Noël sculpted by Angela Connors still surveys the beauty of the Jamaican coast. The sign outside Firefly and the pianos in the lounge when they were still both present.
Firefly is open to the public and has been viewed by many famous visitors and tourists who have taken the trouble to seek out Noël's last hide away.
Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica
Cannon at Fort Haldane
Fort Haldane was built in 1759 to protect the strategic harbour of Port Maria from Spanish raids. It was also used as a garrison to keep the enslaved and working classes of St. Mary under control.It was named after General George Haldane, then Governor of Jamaica. The fort's cannons were strategically positioned on a hill facing seaward over Port Maria for protection. Fort Haldane served a pivotal role in the famous Tacky's rebellion, one of Jamaica's bloodiest rebellions against slavery in 1760.
Tourism has become an increasingly important source of income for parishners of St. Mary. Some of the most well known resorts in St. Mary include Couples Sans Souci, Couples Tower Isles, Beaches Boscobel, Goldeneye and Golden Clouds. Ian Fleming International Airport provides private jet service for these luxurious properties as well as emergency airlift and general passenger service. Two of the most popular beaches in St. Mary are James Bond Beach and Reggae Beach.
Port Maria is the capital town of the Jamaican parish of Saint Mary.
Originally named "Puerto Santa Maria",Port Maria, the "Puerto Santa Maria" of the Spanish, was the second town to be established in Jamaica. The town is set in the center of a deep inlet of the northern coastline with a small island just offshore, and the bay is certainly one of the most picturesque in Jamaica. As capital of the parish of St Mary, Port Maria is home to the St Mary Courthouse, an old, elegant building subtly dominating the town's waterfront.
In 1760, Tacky, the notorious rebel slave, led a revolt against slave owners that lasted over a month before British authorities could suppress the fighting. Centuries later, in a 1938 riot that started in Islington, a small farming community near to Port Maria, four men died as a result of clashes with local police. The spirit of protest lives on, although in recent times not much has been able to incite the people here to mass violence.
In front of the courthouse is a monument to Tacky, a freedom fighter of the 18th century. In 1760 Tacky, an African slave of Coromantee descent, assembled a guerrilla army to attack their British enslavers and seize control of the land.
The revolt started on the nearby Frontier plantation, but spread quickly after Tacky and his followers raided the munitions store in Port Maria.
Tacky's Revolt was one of the most pivotal slave uprisings in Jamaican history, because, although outnumbered and ill equipped, Tacky's followers kept the British at bay for more than a month before the rebellion could be subdued. Following the rebellion, many of the slaves that managed to evade the British banded together and fled to the hills to join the Maroons.
It has a population of approximately 7,500 people. Notable buildings include St Mary's Parish Church, built in 1861, and the St Mary courthouse, a Georgian structure built in 1820 which now houses the Port Maria civic centre.
St Mary's Parish Church (Port Maria, Jamaica) – the Church was built in 1861 in quintessential English style. Don't Miss:
The St Mary Parish Church, built in 1861 of limestone blocks on the edge of the bay, is one of the most picturesque structures anywhere on the island. The modest chapel is set against the dazzling turquoise harbor, framed by tall palm trees whose leaves rustle gently in the warm sea breezes.
Salem United Church, Islington St. Mary Jamaica
The picture with the title Salem United Church, Islington St. Mary Jamaica built in the 1800
bonny gate st mary jamaica
The quiet and picturesque Bonny Gate, St Mary.
Clermont House, Highgate, St Mary, Jamaica
The first unit of Jamaican women recruits in the Auxiliary Territorial Service, 1944.
Sonia Thompson from Kingston, Jamaica, who served as an Instrument Repairer in the Women's army.
The First 12 Jamaican, Air Jamaica pilots: Back row: Frank Laing (right) and Michael Feanny. Second row (from right): Patrick Cousins and Andrew Campbell and Russell Beek and Tony Bowyer. Third row.
PAUL BOGLE NATIONAL HEROE: Morant Bay Rebellion – History Uncovered
Paul Bogle was a Jamaican Baptist deacon and activist; he is a National Hero of Jamaica. He was a leader of the 1865 Morant Bay protesters, who marched for justice and fair treatment for all the people in Jamaica.
Paul Bogle (1822 – 24 October 1865)[1] was a Jamaican Baptist deacon and activist; he is a National Hero of Jamaica. He was a leader of the 1865 Morant Bay protesters, who marched for justice and fair treatment for all the people in Jamaica. After leading the Morant Bay rebellion, Bogle was captured by government troops, tried and convicted by British authorities under martial law, and hanged on 24 October 1865 in the Morant Bay Court House.
Bogle had become a friend of wealthy landowner and fellow Baptist George William Gordon, a mulatto man who served in the Assembly as one of two representatives from St. Thomas-in-the-East parish. Gordon was instrumental in Bogle being appointed deacon of Stony Gut Baptist Church in 1864. Conditions were hard for black peasants, due to social discrimination, flooding and crop failure, and epidemics. The required payment of poll taxes prevented most of them from voting. In August 1865, Gordon criticised the British governor, Edward John Eyre, for sanctioning "everything done by the higher class to the oppression of black people".
Bogle concentrated on improving the conditions of the poor. As awareness of social injustices and people's grievances grew, Bogle led a group of small farmers 45 miles to the capital, Spanish Town, hoping to meet with Governor Eyre to discuss their issues, but they were denied an audience.The people of Stony Gut lost confidence and trust in the Government, and Bogle's supporters grew in number in the parish.
Monument for Paul Bogle
The Statue of Paul Bogle
The statue of Paul Bogle was erected in front of the historic Morant Bay Courthouse as part of the Centenary ceremonies honouring the Morant Bay Rebellion in 1965.
The statue was created by Mrs. Edna Manley for the Ministry of Development and Welfare as a symbolic representation of Paul Bogle, the Native Baptist Deacon who led the march on the Courthouse on October 11, 1865.
Mrs. Manley meant to capture the mood of looking into the future combined with stern resolution in the moment. The statue was cast in clay and moulded in cement fondue. It stood for nearly forty years in front of the Morant Bay Courthouse, where it served as a monument to one of Jamaica's National Heroes and to the 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion.
Six heroes and one heroine, they all fought for the same goals. They fought for the poor, equal rights, justice and peace.
What our seven Jamaica national heroes have done may never be duplicated in my lifetime. Today their memories live on for generations to come.
Before & After Reggae: Ska, Ska, Ska
The Museums of St. James is now known as the National Museum West and is located in the Montego Bay Civic Center, now known as the Montego Bay Cultural Center, located in Sam Sharpe Square, Montego Bay.The Montego Bay Cultural Center was originally built as the Montego Bay Court House which became the Montego Bay Civic Center.
Jamaican cuisine is healthy because it is made with many unprocessed foods, uses smaller portions of meats, has a high content of fish, beans, and vegetables, and, most of all, because it is an eclectic mix of the best that African, European, Indian, and Chinese cuisines have to offer. Moreover, Jamaicans have always been aware of the relationship between food and health. Perhaps Jamaican cuisine is healthy due to luck or happenstance. How else can anyone explain why some of the most highly rated medicinal herbs, e.g., ginger, garlic, all spice and hot peppers just happen to be the basic seasonings used in Jamaican cuisine.
breadfruit is eaten as a starch, usually like rice or yam as a side dish to Ackee and Saltfish, Callaloo and the like.
It's so easy to COOK roast and fry a breadfruit that you really don't need a recipe: Place it in a 375-degree oven for 1 to 1.5 hours, depending on the size. Then peel it, slice and fry it quickly in cooking oil. Sprinkle with salt and you're done. It should be crispy on the outside and soft and dense inside. Enjoy!
Jamaica National costumeS
Occupation Poet, Folklorist
Language English, Jamaican Patois
Miss Lou Poems are creative, comedic and cultural. They have always been the highlight of Jamaica's Folk industry.
When it comes to dialect and taking the Jamaican Patois to the world, Miss Louise Bennett Coverley was perfect for that.
Louise Simone Bennett-Coverley or Miss Lou, OM, OJ, MBE (7 September 1919 – 26 July 2006), was a Jamaican poet, folklorist, writer, and educator. Writing and performing her poems in Jamaican Patois or Creole, she worked to preserve the practice of presenting poetry, folk songs and stories in patois ("nation language").
Louise Bennett was born on September 7, 1919 on North Street in Kingston, Jamaica. She was the only child of Augustus Cornelius Bennett, the owner of a bakery in Spanish Town, and Kerene Robinson, a dressmaker. After the death of her father in 1926, Bennett was raised primarily by her mother.
She attended elementary school at Ebenezer and Calabar, continuing on to St. Simon's College and Excelsior College, in Kingston. In 1943 she enrolled at Friends College in Highgate, St Mary where she studied Jamaican folklore. That same year her poetry was first published in the Sunday Gleaner. In 1945 Bennett-Coverly became the first black student to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art after being awarded a scholarship from the British Council.
1975 Jamaica – Red set girls
Vintage Madame Alexander Jamaica Doll
There was an ackee tree in our yard that was planted by our mother, and so we had only to walk outside and pick the ripe fruit off the tree. When we go to Jamaica on holiday we would always look forward to harvesting the bright fruit from the ackee tree. We would eat it with boilded flower or cornmeal dumplings and breadfruit boiled roasted or fried. God Bless Mama Lucille Rose.
Lucille's father Mr Rose fell inlove with her mother Dorris Whight and they got married and had eight children. One of the girls were nicknamed cooly gal because people thought that she was half Indian. Lucille Rose grew up in a large house with her sibbling sisters Casilda Rose,Sissy Rose,Isling Rose, Cooly gal and another sister I forgot her name, and her two brothers Elijah Rose and Verly Rose. lucille grew up with hard working parents. The family had a large farm in ST Mary that flourished. They rare goats,cows,chicken and plant vegetation. This they would sold at the market. My mother Lucille Rose use to accompany my grand parents to the farm,that's where she picked up her planting skills from.
Just outside St. Anns Bay you will find the Windsor Mineral Spring (more popularly known as "Fire Water"). It is a little pool of water with a very uncommon condition. The pond holds water which can be ignited! This circumstance is believed to be caused by a high mass of sulphur in the water.
Once you come at the village of Windsor, you'll be greeted by the residents who will bring you towards a bamboo and canvas shielded hutch. Inside lies the well known "Fire Water". Your tour-guide will reveal the fire water to you and let you walk through the flaming water.
There are a few traces of Taíno/Arawak presence in the parish. Saint Mary was also one of the first sections of the island to be occupied by the Spaniards. Puerto Santa Maria was the second town the Spaniards occupied on the island. In 1655, after the English captured Jamaica from the Spanish, the north coastal town of Santa Maria became known as Port Maria.
One of St. Mary's most famous early residents was Henry Morgan, who had a home on the hill overlooking Port Maria. The property offered a commanding view of the St. Mary harbour and provided Morgan with a strategic vantage point and featured a secret escape tunnel to Port Maria. Morgan's home was later purchased by Noël Coward and is located beside Fort Haldane.
The parish has a good variety of agricultural resources. The principal products are bananas, sugar, citrus, pimento, cocoa, coconuts, coffee, vegetables, breadfruit and anatto. Pastoralism is also practised. In recent years, however, agriculture has been on the decline, which may be due to the problems that Jamaican banana export has been facing.
St. Mary's parish, had once been listed as one of the poorest in Jamaica, but over the past 10 years there have been substantial improvements in the economy due to the influx of investments in infrastructure, including a new international airport (Ian Fleming International Airport), a new highway, and development of luxury resorts such as Goldeneye and Golden Clouds. The new intercoastal highway constructed in 2005 has benefitted the parish and has brought a significant increase to tourism-related activities.
The history of runaway bay in Jamaica ST Mary
Runaway Bay is certainly one of the most scenic areas in Jamaica, Since the early 1960s, when the old Cardiff Hall Estate was converted to a combination of luxury hotels, golf courses and private villas, the town has developed its own character and persona as an elegant yet lively getaway. Over the years, there has been much debate about the name of this small coastal town. Some believe it got the name as the fleeing point of the last batch of Spanish soldiers retreating from English troops under the directive of Governor Ysassi in the 1600s. Others argue that it once was the point of departure of African slaves from inland sugar plantations who ran away to Cuba. Whichever story is true, according to one resident, "nobody nah try (to) 'run way" from Runaway Bay today; in fact, in the hills outside the resort town, many foreigners have run away from their former selves and made Jamaica home.
Local Flavor:
Much of the beauty of Runaway Bay lies in the fact that while the town itself is not a vibrant bustling centre, it is conveniently located within easy reach of Ocho Rios in the east, Montego Bay in the west and Brown's Town inland to the south. Also, as well as having some of the most spectacular beaches in the Caribbean, Runaway Bay is endowed with captivating natural features such as the Pear Tree River and the Green Grotto Caves.
Famous For:
Do stop by the Green Grotto Caves, the largest and most accessible caves on the island. The two caves open to the public are the Runaway Cave and the Green Grotto Cave, both estimated to be approximately a half-million years old. Along with stalagmites and stalactites, there is a small and fascinating underground lake in the innermost cavern. The caves belong to a series of interconnected passageways and chambers that spread far beneath the Dry Harbour Mountains to the south. In addition to the caves, some of the best beaches in the Caribbean can be found in Runaway Bay, protected by a large tropical coral reef.
Don't Miss:
Located on a hill overlooking the bay is the Runaway Bay HEART Hotel and Training Institute. HEART, the Human Employment and Resource Training Trust is a government-run programme that helps young Jamaicans to develop business skills. The Runaway Bay HEART Hotel employs predominantly hospitality industry trainees and, needless to say, since it began operating has maintained a reputation for excellence in service, since trainees are graded on guest satisfaction. Upon leaving the institute, apart from being pleasantly satisfied, guests often feel the warmth and wellbeing of knowing that their patronage has helped a young Jamaican to master essential skills for entry into the working world.

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Used Mercedes-Benz Dealer Plano TX - Plano Texas Pre Owned Mercedes-Benz Dealership
European Motors is a preowned ed car dealership in Plano Texas. We carry a wide selection of quality pre-owned Mercedes-Benz - visit today to learn more!
European Motors is a family-owned used Mercedes-Benz car dealer in Plano, Texas that is here to help you find the right luxury model for you. Serving those in the Plano area for more than 30 years, our staff is committed to providing excellent customer service to each and every client. We offer a wide range of pre-owned Mercedes-Benz models, including the SL-Class and E-Class. To learn more about our selection or to see what we have on hand, please feel free to stop by our dealership anytime!


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Working your way up in the lowrider ranks always pays off, just ask Gene Bare of Cashion, Arizona. Having fallen in love with the culture at a young age, Gene started off building bikes before eventually getting into cars. As he began creating, he learned the foundation of what it takes to truly build a show-worthy Low Low while wrenching on multiple street rides.
He chose a '51 Bel Air as the canvas of his first masterpiece, and Gene tore the car down and did the majority of the work himself. "I pretty much did everything except for the chrome plating, airbrushing, and pinstripes," the builder says. "It took me about 10 months to build it." His '51 made its show debut in 2005 and won Lowrider Bomb of the Year on its first year out! Every year after that, he kept modifying the '51 only to take home more and more titles. Yes, indeed, the truck known as "Inferno" was burning up the show circuit. "I took the title four consecutive years and before that, my boys won Trike of the Year," Gene says.
Unfortunately, Inferno would prove to be a prophetic choice for a name, and not in a good way either. In 2009, Gene was trying to win his fifth consecutive title before tragedy happened. While en route to a show in Los Angeles, Gene was flagged down on I-10 by Quartzsite, Arizona, by another motorist who alerted him that there was something wrong. As they pulled over, the two drivers could see smoke coming out of the enclosed trailer. "It took a while for the firefighters to get there, so Inferno and my trailer burned down to the ground," Gene says. Luckily, he was able to unhook his truck from the trailer, if not; it also would have burned to the ground.
Reluctant to build another car from the ground up, Gene bought himself a '62 Impala. "I showed that in Vegas but I didn't build it; so I didn't like it because of that. I ended up selling it to someone in Japan," he says. "I saw this '54 for sale, and it needed more work than what I would have liked, but I still ended up going all-out in building it."
Gene was too tired to do all the work on it himself like he did on his first one, so he called upon his friend, Ralph Moreno, to help him out on the bodywork. "Once I got everything, I started assembling it and I got a lot of help from Sergio and Pete Hernandez of the Coachella chapter of Rollerz Only," Gene explains. The build took Gene around 10 months to finish, and the '54 was shown for the first time at the Woodland show. The debut was everything Gene had hoped for, and the Woodland show allowed him to qualify for the Lowrider Magazine Super Show in Las Vegas, the car's final proving ground where it took Bomb of the Year. Hard work truly pays off.
"Inferno II"
Owner: Gene Bare
Vehicle: 1954 Chevy Bel Air
City/State: Cashion, AZ
Club: Rollerz Only
Engine: 355 four-bolt main, with a '91 tuned port add-on 350 turbo tranny
Body/Paint: Gene modified his Chevy by molding the belly, chopping the top five inches, molding the headliner, chopping the trunk and giving it a suicide release, molding the windows, adding suicide doors, and cutting a pitchfork on the roof. After he was done, Ralph Moreno finished off the bodywork. Gene sprayed silver and heavy metalflake and blocked it before Orlando Ceballos of Perfect Color added the graphics and candy. Chavo striped it and Alberto Herrera of Quality Art in Visalia, CA, added the murals.
Interior: Victor Moreno of Indio, CA, handled the custom interior work.
Sound System: Fosgate Amp and 12-inch subwoofers.
Chrome: Gene and Brandy Bare did the gold plating while Cadillac Jay and Salas handled the engraving.
Setup: Sal Saldivar of Kerman, CA, installed the four old-style external gear pumps.
Tires: 5.20s
Wheels: 72-spoke


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Blanc de Perle
Active Reviving Cleansing Foam
Tube 150 ML
Indisponible -
The Cleansing Foam Blanc de Perle Guerlain gently removes make-up and eliminates impurities thanks to its delicate and exfoliating micro-pearls.
Through the application, it helps to stimulate cellular renewal & optimize cellular elimination. It prevents skin dullness accumulation.
Day after day, the skin reveals its pure transparency and a fresh baby skin radiance.
A light, fresh and innocent fragrance, a harmony of luminous white flowers which blend with pink peppercorns and white mint. An olfactory expression of luxury and perfection which immediately evokes the immaculate purity of the pearl.
For 97% of women, the skin is purified and for 88% the skin seems to better breath.
After 1 month*:
For 97% of women, the skin looks even, radiant and more transparent.
For 94%, the skin reveals a bright skin with a fresh rosy glow.
For 91%, pigments spots are visibly diminished.
* Satisfaction test, 32 women
1. Morning and evening, as the first routine step, apply the Blanc de Perle Cleanser to face to cleanse the skin.
2. - Collect a small amount of the Cleanser and lather with water in the palm of the hand.
- Apply with fingertips to face and massage gently
- Rinse with water, and then dry with a towel


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Zadov ski pass prices
How much is a Zadov ski pass? Find Zadov ski pass prices for adults and children on a single day, half-day or multi-day ticket. Zadov ski pass prices are often dynamic and subject to change. Zadov ski pass prices are provided to OnTheSnow or sourced directly from the ski resorts, who are responsible for their accuracy. Visit the ski resort website for the latest ski pass prices, deals and discounts or to purchase a ski pass or season passes.
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Hollywood Paper Apologizes For '47 Blacklist Support
Hollywood Paper Apologizes For '47 Blacklist Support
Host Rachel Martin speaks to W.R. Wilkerson III about the infamous 1947 Hollywood Blacklist. Wilkerson is the son of Billy Wilkerson, who was publisher of The Hollywood Reporter from 1930 to 1962 and supported the blacklist through the trade paper. Wilkerson III has written a formal apology for his father's role in the controversy 65 years later.
Sixty-five years ago today, the Hollywood Blacklist was born. It would eventually kill the careers of hundreds screen stars, writers and filmmakers with alleged ties to communism. It was the late 1940s and the Red Scare loomed large around the country. Congressional investigations touched many pockets of American life. Hollywood was no exception. The late Billy Wilkerson was then the owner, publisher and editor of The Hollywood Reporter. And he was among the film industry leaders who supported the Blacklist. Now, 50 years after his death, Wilkerson's son, W.R. Wilkerson III, has written a formal apology on behalf of his father. It appears in the latest issue of The Hollywood Reporter magazine. And W.R. Wilkerson joins us now on the phone. Mr. Wilkerson, thanks so much for talking with us.
W.R. WILKERSON III: It's a pleasure.
MARTIN: So, can you describe first of all your father's role with this list, the Hollywood Blacklist, as it was known?
III: Well, he was the one who lit the match. He was the one who initially named the names that are now so famous. They were called the Hollywood 10, but really was close to 20, as I recall.
MARTIN: Why do you think he did this? Why did he support the Blacklist?
III: Well, you know, Rachel, it's very interesting because the communist sympathizers were never really the target. The real target was the studio owners. My father absolutely hated them. In 1927, he was in the film industry and he wanted to start his own film studio. The problem was, Rachel, at that time, the entire entertainment industry was owned by these ironfisted studio moguls. Now, we don't know the reason why they shunned him. But he was devastated by that because it meant that he couldn't have his dream. Well, instead of picking himself up and doing something else, he exacted revenge. He started The Reporter in 1930. And from that point on he went after them.
MARTIN: So, it's been 65 years since the first Hollywood Blacklist came out. Why now? Why issue this apology now on behalf of your dad?
III: Well, for a number of reasons. First of all, if I were on the receiving end, Rachel, I would like to hear an apology. I think that that's just, you know, basic human nature. And I did it because I was not allowed to have a career in the entertainment industry because the people my father blacklisted went on to have children who went into the entertainment industry. And so when I wound up in their offices, of course, you know, they weren't going to give me work. So, I think, you know, hatred and scapegoating and blacklisting is a self-perpetuating cycle until you do something about it. And an apology absolutely levels the playing field.
MARTIN: W.R. Wilkerson III. He has written a formal apology in the latest issue of The Hollywood Reporter for the role that his father, Billy Wilkerson, played in the Hollywood Blacklist. Mr. Wilkerson, thanks so much for taking the time.
III: It's been a pleasure. Thanks so much, Rachel.
MARTIN: This is NPR News.
Copyright © 2012 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.


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The Federal Perkins Loan program provides low-interest loans to assist you in meeting your educational expenses. Repayment begins nine months after you graduate or leave school for other reasons. You will be charged 5 percent interest on the unpaid balance of the loan principal.
- Entrance Counseling
- Exit Counseling
Students who receive a Federal Perkins Loan must complete online entrance counseling the first semester they receive the loan. This federal requirement ensures that students are aware of their borrowing rights and responsibilities before they enter into the loan obligation. If you are a first time borrower, you must also electronically sign the Federal Perkins Master Promissory Note (MPN). When these two federal requirements are completed, the loan amount will be credited to your student account.
Students must complete Federal Perkins Loan Entrance Counseling online. This must be done prior to the loan being applied to your student account balance.
Loan exit counseling is required for students who have received a Federal Perkins Loan during their enrollment at LeTourneau. Federal Perkins Loan Exit Counseling must be completed by students who drop below half-time, take a leave of absence, withdraw, or graduate. The online exit counseling session provides students with pertinent information regarding deferment and repayment provisions.
If you are graduating, this exit counseling must be completed prior to graduation. Since LETU is the lender on this loan and all monies are owed to LETU, as per university policy, your diploma and/or transcripts may be held until this federal requirement is completed.
Students are required to provide names, addresses, and telephone numbers for parents and two personal references at different addresses (someone who would know your whereabouts if you move and forget to notify LETU of an updated address), and future employer if known. The collection of this data is a federal requirement and all information provided will remain confidential.
Students must complete the Federal Perkins Loan Exit Counseling upon leaving LETU. Contact email@example.com for assistance in completing this requirement.
If you have any questions during or after completion of your Perkins Loan entrance or exit counseling sessions, please contact us directly in the Office of Student Accounts.
At this time, Perkins Loans are only available to students in our Traditional Programs. If you have questions about your eligibility, please contact the Financial Aid Office.


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After the neat refresh of Bing Bar 7.0 with useful app buttons, the Bing team has released Bing Bar 7.1 with a slew of new features that provides richer access to your social network, more entertainment options, and updates to the popular Bing Bar apps.
Apart from several improvement under the hood regarding notifications, configurability, and performance, following are the benefits that the latest update offers you:
- Facebook Chat: Bing Bar now allows you to chat with your Facebook friends without having Facebook opened in your browser.
- Slacker Radio: The latest update brings Slacker Radio to the bar. It allows you to listen to music, sports, news, comedy and more without interrupting your web browsing.
- Updated News App: The existing Bing Bar news app has been updated to be more visual now and includes more sources. While you can focus on the topics that interest you, the app notifies you in case of a breaking news within the Bing Bar.
- Search Suggestions: The Bing Bar provides suggested search terms as you browse. The Bing team has been working on expanding the sites and the methods to suggest searches making it more effective and easier for you.
Download and install manually, or if you're already a user of Bing Bar 7.0, you'll get the upgrade automatically delivered to you over the next few months. While the Bing Bar is available in different languages and for different geographies, some of the features of the latest version are not yet available in all markets. The Bing Bar is available for Internet Explorer 7 or later on Windows XP with Service Pack 3, Windows Vista, and Windows 7.


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To add to the list of depressing news for the day, have a look at the sorry fate that the medical marijuana bill in Minnesota suffered.
Nonetheless, I think the wind is blowing in one direction in the US; and that is towards legalization. These are not the wishful words of an optimist but a mere appraisal of the expression of views we are seeing currently. Major newspapers are running pro-legalization opeds like never before, the public attitudes have never been more favorable and if you look at the age-breakup of the polls that are being conducted, it is obvious that change is coming.
I have an almost perfect success rate in previous predictions I have made on this blog, and I am confident that the two I am going to make now will come true.
1) In ten years from now, recreational marijuana use will be either fully legal or decriminalized in more than 35 American states; the federal government will no longer seek to interfere in state policy on this matter; most major US urban cities will be as pot-friendly as Amsterdam is today.
2) On the other hand, regulations against tobacco, unhealthy foods and fatty burgers will get more stringent. Vice taxes associated to those will increase substantially. In ten years from now, it will be hard to light up even in most private owned properties except a few narrowly defined areas. Trans-fat bans will be almost universal. Companies will have much less freedom than now about what they can sell you; this will be done to protect you from your bad choices.
In short, the pro-marijuana legalization winds that are blowing today have less to do with libertarian principles and more to do with what is currently considered ok. Here's an old post by me on this theme.


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Creating a home away from home is easy at Miami University. You'll live in university housing for first-year students, some of which are also home to upperclass students.
Residence Halls
All Miami University residence halls are human-scale (no high-rise towers here) to make it easy to feel at home. The number of students housed in each residence hall varies. The largest first-year hall houses 352 people, while the smallest houses 51. Most residence halls are arranged in corridors with a large bathroom for each corridor or floor. All first-year halls are coeducational, with men and women living in separate corridors of 16–30 students who share a hallway, a resident assistant, and a spirit of community through group activities.
Each residence hall also provides the following facilities:
- Living rooms
- Study rooms
- Kitchenettes
- Recreation and TV rooms
- Laundry facilities
- Mailroom
- Community bathrooms
- Vending machines
Not all halls are equipped for wheelchair access. If you or a family member needs special access, please notify the Office of Student Housing and Meal Plan Services.
Our residence halls include single, double, triple, and quadruple occupancy rooms. The size and layout of student rooms also vary from one residence hall to another.
Each room includes these items:
- Extra-long twin beds with 80" x 36" mattresses
- Dressers
- Desks with chairs
- Closets, mirrors
- Recycling bin and trash can
- Smoke detector
- Window with roller shade and curtain rod
- Ceiling light
All rooms are equipped with a 100 megabit-per-second Ethernet connection for each student in addition to the wireless network access available in every building on campus. Each room also includes standard cable service.
Hall Staff
The Residence Life staff includes full-time professionals, graduate students, and undergraduate students.
A resident assistant lives in each corridor of the residence halls to help new students make the transition from high school to college and to plan special events so students get to know one another. These carefully selected and trained upperclass students are also familiar with the scheduling process and often share their own knowledge and experience when recommending fun or challenging classes and providing information about certain professors.
Living Learning Communities
First-year students have the option to live in a living learning community. In these communities, an advisory council made up of students, staff, and faculty develop programs that support a particular theme, allowing you to live with other students who share some of your interests or field of study.
What type of programs will be hosted in your residence hall? That all depends on which living learning community you choose. Miami offers a variety of theme halls such as Celebrate the Arts, Discovering Miami, Women in Science Disciplines, and many more. You can take classes with your fellow residents, get involved in social activities, work out with an intramural sports team, form a study group, or attend arts events and discuss them afterward. You'll explore new ideas while creating friendships that last a lifetime.


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Summary and Analysis
In her poem beginning "After great pain, a formal feeling comes," the American poet Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) describes the aftermath of suffering and the coming of death. The poem is written in Dickinson's typically opaque, suggestive style, a style that raises as many interpretive questions as it answers. It is difficult to pin down any "precise" meanings in many of Dickinson's poems, and it is partly this ambiguity that helps make the poems powerful and thought-provoking.
Download After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes Study Guide
The poem begins, like many works by Dickinson, with a direct assertion, as if the speaker has some clear and definite point to make. Yet even in the first line the intrigue and ambiguities begin. Nothing is confusing about the opening words ("After great pain"), with their subtle assonance of long "a" sounds, but what are we to make of the ensuing alliterative phrase ("formal feeling"), with its accented f's and l's? Specifically, what is meant by the adjective "formal"? In what senses can a feeling be "formal"? The idea of a "formal feeling" seems to contrast strongly with the idea of "great pain." The latter phasing suggests anything but formality—anything but control, measure, politeness, and concern for others. If the "great pain" is physical, it is hard to ignore. Even if it is mainly psychological, it can in some ways be just as intense, just as hard to shake.
In line 2, the word "ceremonious" echoes the earlier adjective "formal," just as the noun "Nerves" reminds us of the earlier noun "pain," since nerves are literally the pathways of pain. They are the ways pain makes itself known to the conscious brain. Meanwhile, the word "Tombs" also recalls the word "formal" in a way that a different word (such as "graves") would not. Tombs, after all, are elaborately constructed and often formally decorated. They imply and announce the importance of the dead whose bodies they contain, and in this poem the word "Tombs" introduces death as a key theme and thus foreshadows the ending of the work.
In line 3, the word "stiff" echoes the earlier words "ceremonious" and "formal," and in this line as in the two preceding lines the speaker seems to use personification, referring to the "Heart" as if it could speak, just as the nerves were earlier said to "sit" and a feeling was described as "com[ing]" in a "formal" way. Dickinson's use of personification (a frequent technique in her poetry) often gives her works the flavor a little parables, as if she were explaining, in ways accessible to children, issues of great importance to all humans, including adults. Her use of parables, personification, and phrasing that seems simple but is actually complex all help make her poetry resemble that of the great seventeenth-century religious poet George Herbert, whose works we know she read.
Because of its confusing syntax, line 3 makes it difficult, at first, to know to whom the word "He" refers. Presumably it refers to the "Heart" itself, as if the heart is asking a question about itself/himself. It is as if the heart is so exhausted from suffering that he is not even sure that it was "He" himself who bore the "great pain." In fact, the heart even seems unsure when, exactly, he bore the pain ("'Yesterday, or Centuries before'?" [4]). Yet the phrasing will also remind many readers of Christ, who himself "bore" "great pain" "Centuries before." Christ bore his pain, however, so that someday all pain might cease for those redeemed from sin and saved from death. Dickinson's speaker, unfortunately, still lives in the postlapsarian world—the world after the fall of Adam and Eve. That world, as this poem reminds us, is a world still brimming with suffering and mortality.
Presumably the heart is "stiff" in the way that most muscles become stiff after suffering great strain—in this case, strain that could be either physical, or emotional, or...
(The entire section is 1,713 words.)


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Specializing Theme Hooks in Custom Drupal 7 Modules
filed in Drupal on Jul.11, 2012
An important feature of Drupal 7 is the clean separation between the structure of elements created by modules and the rendering of those elements by themes. One cool thing is that a module can provide suggestions for the theme hook which should render an element. This gives theme writers an opportunity to override the theme for very specific elements in a module, and provides for more generic fallback themes otherwise.
The theme hook suggestions are lists of increasingly specific keys separated by a double underscore, for example node__mymodule__block5. The first entry, node here, is a top level hook defined by a hook_theme function. When the theme function is called, the theme system will try the most specific hook first, in this example node__mymodule__block5. If that doesn't exist, it will try the next hook, node__mymodule, and so on until it gets to the top level hook. Themes that implement these specific hooks with template files will replace the underscores with hyphens, so node__mymodule__block5 would be rendered by node--mymodule--block5.tpl.php.
Module developers can set a theme hook suggestion for an element by using the #theme key of a render array. The keys of the render array will have to include any parameters that the top level hook requires. These parameters are defined when the hook is declared. Hooks in Drupal core have their parameters in the Drupal API, and hooks from custom Drupal modules should be documented in the module. Here is a nice list of default theme hooks in Drupal core
Here is an example that creates a list using a theme suggestion derived from the Drupal core hook item_list, getting the elements from some function get_items.
div class="dean_ch" style="white-space: wrap;">span class="st0″>"""subject"] = t("My Awesome List");
$block["content"// item_list is the Drupal core theme hook for unordered or ordered lists
"#theme" => "item_list__mymodule__awesome_list",
// #type and #items are parameters for the item_list theme
"#type" => "ul",


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sponsored by
Maple Ridge
Health & Fitness News Elsewhere
[fresh daily from the Web]
Stroke study finds neck stents safe, effective
Send a link to a friend
[February 27, 2010]
-- People at risk of a stroke because of narrowed neck arteries can be safely treated with a less drastic option than the surgery done now, the largest study ever done on these treatments concludes.
If Medicare agrees to cover it, hundreds of thousands of Americans a year might be able to have an artery-opening procedure and a stent instead of surgery to remove built-up plaque, doctors say. A stent is a wire-mesh tube that props the blood vessel open.
Stents have long been used to fix heart arteries but are approved for use in the neck only for people too sick for surgery. The new study, in people with less severe disease, suggests stents may find much wider use.
"The sea of people is gigantic" who could benefit, said Dr. Walter Koroshetz, deputy director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the study's main sponsor.
"We now have two safe and effective methods" to treat neck vessels, said Dr. Thomas Brott of the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla. He led the study and gave results Friday at an American Stroke Association conference.
However, the treatments have different complications, and not all doctors are convinced stents are as safe. Three previous studies found they were not, including one published online Thursday by the British journal The Lancet.
The reason: Even though stents prevent strokes in the long run, the procedure itself can trigger a stroke if a bit of plaque travels to the brain.
The new study revealed a tradeoff: Strokes were a more frequent complication with stents, while heart attacks were more common after surgery.
Doctors say which option a patient chooses may depend on their general health, what risks they are willing to accept and how badly they want to avoid surgery.
Surveys show that people worry more about stroke than a heart attack, said Dr. Lee Schwamm, a top neurologist at Massachusetts General Hospital.
"They're terrified of surviving a stroke with major disability ... ending their years in a nursing home," he said.
In the study, "stroke was by far the more disabling complication," said Dr. Wesley Moore, a University of California at Los Angeles doctor who oversaw the surgery part of the study.
About 795,000 Americans each year suffer a stroke. Many are caused by a clot that forms in a narrowed neck artery and travels to the brain. Doctors can check for narrowed arteries by using a stethoscope to listen for abnormal sounds in neck arteries, and a painless ultrasound test can show blockages.
The top treatment has been surgery: with the patient under general anesthesia, the artery is cut open, the plaque removed, and the vessel sewn back together. Stents won approval as an alternative for certain patients in 2004; half a dozen companies make the devices now, although Abbott Laboratories stands to benefit most because its stents were in the study.
To place them, doctors put a tube in a blood vessel in the groin and push it to the narrowed artery. A parachute-like filter is placed to trap bits of plaque that dislodge and keep them from traveling to the brain. A balloon is inflated to flatten the clog, the stent is placed to hold the artery open, and the filter is removed. The patient is awake but sedated.
The study involved 2,502 patients in the United States and Canada. Half had recent symptoms such as a ministroke. The rest had no symptoms but significantly narrowed neck arteries. They were given either surgery or a stent made by Abbott Vascular, a division of North Chicago, Ill.-based Abbott Labs, which helped sponsor the trial.
A month later, about 4 percent of the stent group had suffered strokes versus 2 percent of those who had surgery. About 2 percent of the surgery group had heart attacks compared to 1 percent of those given stents.
[to top of second column]
There were nine deaths in the stent group versus four in the surgery group, but the difference in a study this size was so small that it could have occurred by chance alone, Brott said.
Age mattered.
"If you were younger than 70, you were slightly better off with a stent," while older patients fared better with surgery, Brott said.
There is no age limit for the surgery, said UCLA's Moore. "I've operated on people who are centenarians. If somebody lives to be 100 years old, they've got something going for them."
The study did not include a group of patients treated only with medicines to control stroke risk factors, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol. Without such a comparison group, it's impossible to know just how many strokes either treatment prevented.
Dr. Charles Simonton, chief medical officer of Abbott Vascular, said the results "are particularly impressive" because the study started a decade ago, when neck stents were still a new technology.
About 30,000 neck stents were used last year compared to 100,000 surgeries, but more people might be treated if a non-surgical option becomes available, Brott said.
Medicare pays $7,500 to $11,000 for surgery; stents cost around $12,000 because of the price of the devices, which range from $3,500 to nearly $5,000, said Dr. Charles Ross, vascular surgery chief at the University of Louisville.
If stents do win wider approval, patients should go to a place that offers both "so they can be given an unbiased opinion of how they would do with either procedure" or medicines alone, he said.
A patient in Jacksonville, Fla., Christoph Dormann, said: "I was perfectly at ease and at peace leaving that decision to the doctors I trusted."
He received a stent as part of the study and has been well enough to travel to Africa and work in his family's business at age 73.
"There may be advantages and disadvantages in different types of cases" for stents or surgery, said Dr. Barry Katzen, medical director at Baptist Cardiac & Vascular Institute in Miami, who had patients in the study. "Like many areas of medicine, patients will have a choice."
On the Net:
Stroke information: http://www.strokeassociation.org and http://stroke.nih.gov
Abbott stent video: http://tinyurl.com/yeky2dq
Press; By MARILYNN MARCHIONE]
Copyright 2010 The Associated
Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published,
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Guardian 2D/3D Stabilizer
Master your Skies!
Based on Eagle Tree's proven inertial stabilization technology, the Guardian 2D/3D Stabilizer is a must-have product for your model. The Guardian smoothes out air turbulence, but does much more. Unlike cheap "gyro stabilizers," it provides true wing leveling capability to help recover from lost orientation!
Whether you fly gas or electric models, wings, foamies, sailplanes, or just about any other fixed wing model, the Guardian is for you! Is it moderately gusty or windy? The Guardian helps compensate for non-ideal flying conditions. The Guardian helps your plane fly like it's a perfectly calm day!
To stabilize your model, just mount the Guardian in a level orientation (it can even be mounted upside down), connect it to your servos and receiver with the included cable, tune it to your plane with a small screwdriver, and set optional features with your radio sticks. No computer or additional equipment is required for stabilization.
While in flight, a spare switch on your radio lets you switch between 2D (wing leveling) mode, 3D aerobatic mode, and no stabilization. Imagine performing a difficult 3D maneuver with ease, then just flipping a switch to instantly return to level flight!
At only $74.99 (USD, MSRP) the Guardian provides some great protection for your investment, while making it more fun to fly and easier to perform advanced maneuvers!
Q: Why do I need the Guardian?
The Guardian helps both beginner and expert pilots fly with confidence, and provides two key modes of operation:
In 2D flight mode, the Guardian provides much smoother flight and wing leveling stabilization for your model, which makes it a lot easier to adjust and fly your plane. The Guardian "remembers" level flight for your model and returns it to level flight when needed, as well as providing precise "fly by wire" control. You may think that your model is on rails! The Guardian is also great for FPV flying.
If you are a beginner pilot, the Guardian can help take the fear factor out of the first few flights. If you get into trouble, just let the sticks go and the Guardian will attempt to quickly bring your model back to level flight.
If you are flying a plane that is not very stable due to imbalance, poor aerodynamics or high motor torque, the Guardian can make things much easier.
Is it moderately gusty or windy? The Guardian helps compensate for non-ideal flying conditions. The Guardian helps your plane fly like it's a perfectly calm day!
In 3D flight mode, the Guardian becomes your aerobatic assistant. Whether you want to become a 3D expert, or already are, the Guardian can turn your squirrelly stunt plane into a kitten, without sacrificing aerobatic capability.
The Guardian updates your control surfaces much faster than most humans can, to provide real time corrections to the flight. So, you can concentrate on your maneuver, rather than fighting the model to maintain control. The Guardian makes your plane "snappier" for precision maneuvers.
The Guardian has two submodes for 3D flying:
In 3D Heading Lock submode, simply center your sticks to have the Guardian lock onto your present attitude (pitch, roll, and heading), which can make it easier to perform stunts like prop hanging, inverted flight, knife edges, low speed harriers, etc!
In 3D Gyro submode, the Guardian uses its built-in 3 axis gyro to increase your model's stability, while leaving you in full control. In this mode the Guardian greatly reduces the effects of gusts, turbulence, motor torque and other factors, and can expand the maneuverability of your model in a variety of conditions.
Q: I Fly FPV. Is the Guardian for me?
Yes! We offer two great stabilization solutions for FPV flyers. If you plan on using an OSD with FPV, we recommend the Vector OSD, with built-in Guardian stabilization. This gives you integrated FPV stabilization with AHI (artificial horizon) display, easily adjusted with on-screen video menus.
If you don't need an OSD with your FPV plane, or are using an OSD other than the OSD Pro, the Guardian 2D/3D Stabilizer should be perfect for you.
Also, we plan to have firmware updates for the Guardian 2D/3D Stabilizer for camera stabilization!
Q: Will the Guardian work with my model?
The Guardian weighs only about 11 grams with cable, and has a tiny footprint, so it is perfect for most models, from small foamies on up. But don't let its small size fool you - it works great in almost any fixed-wing plane! And, there are no external sensors to add drag or weight to your model.
The Guardian controls a total of 4 servos, and is flexible enough to support elevons, dual ailerons, and other configurations.
Servo compatibility notice: Eagle Tree has received reports that some instances of the E-Flite™ model EFLR7155 servo do not work correctly with the Guardian (and some similar devices) due to higher than normal loads placed on the servo signal line, while other instances of this servo model do not exhibit this behavior. Symptoms can include sudden, uncommanded servo movements. Therefore, we cannot recommend using this model servo with the Guardian.
Q: How do I install the Guardian?
Guardian installation is quite easy. Simply mount the Guardian securely in your model's fuselage, and connect it to your receiver and servos. The labeled receiver connectors on the included cable make this step very simple. There are no additional sensors or other hardware to install!
At a minimum, your ailerons (or rudder) and elevator need to be left connected, but the Guardian includes additional control and stabilization channels to support almost any model! Stabilization gain can be controlled via an extra knob on your radio, which lets you easily adjust it in flight.
Q: How do I configure the Guardian?
After installation, the Guardian is tuned to your plane using only a small screwdriver, and settings are chosen via your radio sticks. No computer or other device is required for configuration!
Gain can also be adjusted in the air with a spare knob or switch on your receiver, if desired.
If you prefer PC setup, just connect the Guardian to your Windows PC or laptop via the built-in USB connector*, and run our software to perform advanced configuration with ease!
Our PC software also allows you to save and restore model profiles, making it easy to move the Guardian from plane to plane without reconfiguration!
Q: How does the Guardian work?
The Guardian's built-in state of the art sensors constantly measure the gravitational forces and rotation of your model in 3 axes (6DOF IMU). Using the sensor data, the Guardian's processor performs complex calculations thousands of times a minute to keep track of your model's orientation.
Q: What sets the Guardian apart from other Stabilization systems out there?
Previously, the only stabilization systems available required installing external sensors, or were relatively large, heavy and expensive. The Guardian changes all that. At only $74.99 (USD MSRP), the Guardian is priced much lower than any other inertial based stabilization systems, and is much lighter and smaller than anything else out there, at any price.
The Guardian smoothes out air turbulence, but does much more. Unlike cheap "gyro stabilizers," it provides true wing leveling capability to help recover from lost orientation!
And of course, it's an Eagle Tree product, so it's massively configurable and has built in USB* for advanced configuration, model profile save/restore, and firmware update from the internet. No need to return the unit to the shop or buy a USB convertor board for new firmware updates!
The Guardian has a built-in data port, and we have plans for future sensors and hardware features. Please let us know what else you want the Guardian to do!
Q: I want one for each of my models! When and where can I buy it??
Contact your favorite RC dealer, or order direct from us if a dealer is not in your area.
Q: Where can I find more details?
Click here for the Guardian 2D/3D Stabilizer thread on RCGroups.com.
Q: You are missing the feature I want! How do I tell you what you need to add?
Eagle Tree is very interested in how we can improve our products to meet your needs. Just post your request on the Guardian Stabilizer thread here, or email us and let us know what you need!
* Note: a standard "micro" USB cable, used commonly with mobile phones and eBooks, is not included but is required for PC configuration and firmware update. You probably already have one, but if not, you can purchase it from us or elsewhere.
· Input Voltage Range: 4.5v to 16v
· Current Draw: Approximately 31mA
· Dimensions: 41mm x 22mm x 11mm (1.62 inches x 0.86 inches x 0.42 inches)
· Mass: 11 grams (0.4 ounces) including harness
· Maximum Servo Current through Guardian: 5 Amps
Package includes Guardian 2d/3d Stabilizer and receiver connection harness
Note: You can use this product by itself-- no other Eagle Tree or FPV gear is required!
Here is a video tutorial of Guardian installation and configuration:


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Then and now: How'd they meet, how'd they marry?
Chris Bradley and John Penn Turner
August 16, 1997
Chris and John received publicity as one of the first same-sex couples in Charlottesville to hold a commitment ceremony.
Chris: In late fall 1995, on a whim, I placed an ad in a local weekly's personals. I periodically checked the voice mail and found some really strange characters leaving messages. When I checked it in the spring of 1996, I found that John Penn had called and left a message two or three weeks earlier. When I returned his call, he was out of town.
Three weeks later he reached me at home, but I'd just gotten back from a run and needed to take a shower. I said, "I'll have to call you back," and I did.
We met the next night at Greenberry's, spent four hours talking, and then sat on a bench until midnight.
After dating for a month or a month and a half, we got back to my place after a date and said, "We should get married." It was so clear that we'd each met our soulmate. We both just knew. When you meet that person, you really know.
We had the ceremony on the hottest day of the year, out at our former home in Nelson County. We lived on five acres backing up to the Stony Creek Natural Area, part of Wintergreen. All the guests were sitting in our backyard, we were up a little bit on a hill overlooking a ravine. We were on Wintergreen property– it was the most radical thing that ever happened at Wintergreen.
It was a first marriage for me, but John Penn had been married to a woman and was a widower. After his wife died, he felt it was time for him to be who he was; to live as an openly gay man.
A longtime friend of John's, Ruth Glass, headmaster of private school in D.C., performed the ceremony. We obviously knew we couldn't legally be married, but she has such an amazing presence and can handle a crowd– she's so articulate and well spoken; she really put some folks at ease who were sort of nervous. She was absolutely amazing.
Meredith and Larry Richards
August 26, 1967
Meredith is a former city councilor and vice-mayor
Meredith: Larry and I met and married during the free-swinging '60s, when most of our friends were opting for less "formal" arrangements. If people married at all, it was barefoot in the park with laurel crowns and tambourines.
We met on my first day of graduate school in Psychology at the University of Illinois. Larry was already the star of his class, so I was flattered by his attention but not looking for a new relationship.
Larry: Meredith wasn't at all interested in me until I started tutoring her in statistics (she struggled but finally mastered it) and her two cats accepted me (and vice versa). It took her a while to see my inner beauty!
Two years later, we boarded a bus to Houston for the long ride to get married in her family's small church. I borrowed $200 to buy Meredith's wedding ring and a new suit. Two of my brothers went AWOL from the Army to be there; later, one shipped out for Vietnam, the other for Korea.
Meredith: We moved from Illinois to Charlottesville to teach at UVA. And the first course I taught was statistics!
Jean Hiatt and David Brown
November 24, 1979
David is Charlottesville's current mayor
David: We met in January 1978. At the time, I had come back to UVA to take science requirements for chiropractic school, and Jean was teaching at Jack Jouett [Middle School]. We were strangers shopping for a coat at the old Blue Ridge Mountain Sports, off Emmet Street. We left the store having bought identical Sierra Designs down parkas Jean persuaded me that I should buy blue instead of maroon.
I was riding my bicycle my 1969 VW bus was broken down and when we left I pulled up next to Jean at the light. She rolled down her window, and we chatted until the light turned green. I decided that if I could catch her at the next light, I would see if she wanted to have dinner. I pedaled furiously but got to the next light just as it turned green. I watched her blue Datsun drive off.
But Charlottesville was, and still is, a small place. Ten days later I was in line at Littlejohn's when Jean came in with some friends. She joined me and agreed to have dinner- we went to Christian's Restaurant, where Saigon Café is now. She drove.
I moved to Portland, Oregon, in June of 1978, and after a hectic year of long-distance romance, Jean joined me there in 1979. We returned to Charlottesville in 1982 and celebrated our 25th wedding anniversary in 2004.
Ludwig Kuttner and Beatrix Ost
July 29, 1979
Ludwig, a businessman, and Beatrix, an artist, are known for some significant downtown developments, including the Terraces on the Downtown Mall.
Beatrix: We met through a friend at the Oktoberfest in Munich in 1968. We just looked at each other– he looked at me very much; then we started dating for three years, and then we lived together in Munich. But we forgot to get married.
I already had two boys (Oliver and Daniel) when I met Ludwig. In 1974 I gave birth to our son Fabian, and in 1975 we moved to New York.
In 1979 we got married in New York– it was a mutual decision with the U.S. Government. We needed one name to have a green card and needed to organize our immigration status. Ludwig needed to adopt the other children. It reminded us that a marriage would be nice, too. We were as excited as when we first met.
Our youngest son hopped along Fifth Avenue and told everyone, "My parents are getting married!" In 1981 we bought a farm, Estouteville, in Charlottesville.
Hovey and Patricia Dabney
February 14, 1948
Hovey is a decorated WWII veteran and former rector of UVA
Hovey: I met Patricia in 1947 on a blind date set up by a mutual friend. I was going to UVA and had just gotten back from the Second World War. I was in the Air Force, and had been shot down on my first mission– over Budapest. Patricia was a secretary for Harmon Paxon, a lawyer here in town.
I think our first date was probably to the movies, and from there it developed slowly.
In December 1947, I talked to her mother and then bought a diamond ring.
We married in UVA Chapel on Valentine's day 1948, and Patricia's dress was particularly unusual: It was made from the parachute that saved my life.


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December 27, 2009
The Sealed Letter
December 22, 2009
Leah Giarratano - aussie mystery writer
In her second novel, Giarratano has ticked the boxes for a successful crime thriller. A psychopathic killer escalating in violence; a loner cop coming to terms with brutal events in her past; a return to past haunts for a traumatised army veteran capable of extreme violence in defence of his family; a quirky, intelligent and off beat federal agent who also has a tragic past; and an authentic Australian setting in various Sydney suburbs. I got quite a thrill of recognition when some of the action took place around the Liverpool streets that I know well, in behind the Spotlight store no less, although I don't agree with her characterisation of the public library there! The book builds nicely to a satisfying conclusion and a tentative thawing of the thick wall of ice surrounding our protagonist. Well worth a try if you are looking for a new mystery author.
The Witch's Trinity
a cottage cosy mystery
action heroes!
Alex Rutherford continues a rich historical action adventure tradition with this fictionalised story of Babur, the Moghul emperor. The story begins with Babur inheriting his father's small kingdom in central Asia and follows him as he pursues his dream to emulate his ancestor Timur or Tamberlaine. Ranging through the countries of modern day Uzbekistan, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and India, Babur's armies face many trials before achieving success. I don't think this reaches the standard set by other historical action writers such as Conn Iggulden or Bernard Cornwell but it is an insight into a very different time and different cultures and very enjoyable escapism.
December 21, 2009
Smiley movies set in Camden
December 01, 2009
History - epics, chronicles, romances and inquiries.
No, it's not Malcom Turnbull in 2009, it's Alcibiades in 415BC Athenian society as reported in A History of Histories by John Burrow (p. 45).
A review on LibraryThing appears here. Over 200 members of LibrayThing have given this book an average of 4 stars and I would agree with them. This book is an overview of who has written history from the earliest records to the present day; why they wrote it and why it matters what was going on around them when they did. Scholarly and informative, the author's wry humour leavens what can inevitably turn a little dry. I have enjoyed it in instalments and also secure in the knowledge I was reading just for my own pleasure - not to face a test! If you like history you may well get a lot out of this book.


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Non-fired worker: More flaws at Bright Beginnings
Bright Beginnings, a group of four daycare centers in the Charlottesville area, has again run afoul of state licensing laws. In the latest incident, an employee remained on staff for 11 months after being convicted of assault and battery, one of the so-called "barrier crimes" that, under state law, should have led to her immediate termination.
Bright Beginnings has garnered its share of scrutiny from state regulators, most notably for a 1999 incident in which a child wandered away from the firm's Earlysville center and walked– alone– perilously close to traffic on Earlysville Road.
In the latest incident, Michelle Morris, who was then a teacher at the Forest Lakes location, was charged in July 2002 with assault and battery of her ex-husband's wife. On August 21, 2002, she was found guilty in Greene County General District Court and, besides being forbidden from contact with her victim, was sentenced to 30 days in jail, all of which was suspended contingent on two years' good behavior.
In October 2002, a complaint regarding Morris' continued employment was filed with the Department of Social Services (DSS). On October 9, DSS licensing inspector Tanya Peduto made an unannounced visit to the Forest Lakes center. In her report, she stated, "The result of this complaint investigation is that the complaint against the staff member is founded. It is the program's and staff member's understanding that when the criminal record check is received with verification of conviction, the staff member must be terminated."
Inexplicably, the criminal-record came back clear, and DSS did not press for Morris' termination. Bright Beginnings transferred Morris from her classroom at Forest Lakes to the position of Admissions Director at the Crozet facility– which, if the center was aware that Morris was guilty of a barrier crime, was a violation of the Virginia Administrative Code.
The relevant section states, "Any person required by this chapter to obtain a criminal record report shall be ineligible for employment, volunteer service, or any facility-related activity, if the report contains convictions of the barrier crime."
In other words, a staff member found guilty of a barrier crime is barred from further employment, whether or not the job involves direct contact with children. Because the record check came back clear, however, it is impossible to determine whether Bright Beginnings knew of Morris' conviction.
After a June 26, 2003, Fearless Consumer column on Bright Beginnings ["Bright Beginnings: Violations galore vex center"], The Hook was contacted anonymously by the person who had filed the October 2002 complaint to DSS about Morris. The Hook asked DSS to again investigate the complaint. This time, Morris' conviction (which was easily accessed in Greene County District Court) was confirmed, and on July 24, Morris resigned from Bright Beginnings. She could not be reached for comment.
Bright Beginnings has been cited on numerous occasions for violations of state daycare guidelines– particularly over low staff-to-children ratios. Forest Lakes, where Morris was teaching at the time of her conviction, was put on probation in July 2001 and fined $500 for inadequate staffing; it was again put on probation for the same offense in September 2002.
During Peduto's October 2002 visit to investigate the complaint about Morris, the inspector cited the center for not posting notice that it was on probation. According to code, the state letter detailing the violations and public notice of the probation must be posted "in a prominent place at each public entrance."
A June 2003 Freedom of Information Act request to DSS resulted in more than 120 pages of documents concerning violations at the four centers between 2000 and 2003.
Owner-administrator Kathe Petchel refused to answer questions for this article.
When asked for comment on issues that would be raised in the June 25 Fearless Consumer column, Petchel faxed the following statement, quoted here in its entirety: "We as a preschool implement and strive to achieve a high quality standard for families in our community. Throughout the past 18 years of serving children and their families, our continuing success is clear and speaks for itself."
Bright Beginnings


text:
Gridsum Holding Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities, "Company") is committed to promoting high standards of ethical business conduct and compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. As part of this commitment, the Company has adopted this Whistleblower and Complaint Policy ("Policy"). Employees are encouraged to use the guidance provided by this Policy to report all known and suspected improper activities. This Policy is designed to provide employees with a confidential or anonymous avenue of communication for reporting any improper activities. For purposes of this Policy, the Company has designated the Company's Chief Financial Officer as its Compliance Officer ("Compliance Officer").
I. Reporting Violations
Employees should report to their supervisors or managers any known or suspected violations of:
laws, governmental rules and regulations;
accounting, internal accounting controls and auditing matters; or
any Company policies.
This includes complaints or reports received from persons outside the Company. Supervisors and managers shall promptly consider the information submitted to them and take appropriate action in accordance with the law, governmental rules and regulations and otherwise consistent with good business practice. Supervisors and managers shall also provide any such information to the Compliance Officer, who shall then provide it to the chairperson of the Audit Committee ("Audit Committee Chair").
If an employee is not comfortable discussing the suspected violation with any of their direct supervisors or managers or the Compliance Officer, the employee may report the suspected violation confidentially and anonymously by any of the following means:
1. By calling the Company's compliance hotline: +86 10 8261 9988 x 8881;
1. 通過致電公司的合規熱線: +86 10 8261 9988 x 8881;
2. By letter addressed to the Company's corporate headquarters marked "Attention: Compliance Officer";
2. 通過寄信致公司總部,并注明"注意:首席合規官";
3. By email addressed to [email protected], If you report by email, your report will automatically be directed to the Compliance Officer; or
3. 通過發送郵件至公司郵箱 [email protected],如果通過此郵箱舉報,你的舉報將自動轉給首席合規官;或者
4. If you wish to make a report that does not go to any employee or officer of the Company but rather goes directly to the Audit Committee, you may send an email to: [email protected] or you may send a letter addressed to the Company's corporate headquarters marked "Attention: Audit Committee Chair." The Audit Committee will take whatever steps it deems necessary to respond to a report that it receives, including whether to refer the matter to the Compliance Officer for investigation.
4. 如果你不想通過公司任何員工,而是直接將舉報發送給審計委員會,可以發送郵件致 [email protected] 或者寄信致公司總部,并注明"注意:審計委員會主席"。審計委員會對其收到的舉報采取任何必要的措施,包括是否將被舉報的情況提交給首席合規官進行調查。
Note: Since it is more difficult to follow up and investigate anonymous complaints, we want to encourage you to select a reporting avenue that is comfortable for you so that you can be available to provide follow up information during our investigation. Nonetheless, if you wish to report anonymously, please follow the instructions to ensure your anonymity is maintained.
Any employee reporting a suspected violation is encouraged to provide as much detail as possible regarding the subject matter of the complaint or concern, since the ability to investigate will be largely dependent on the quality and specificity of the information. The Compliance Officer (or his or her designees) will be responsible for reviewing, or overseeing the review, of any report of a suspected violation from any source. The Compliance Officer will promptly notify the sender and acknowledge receipt of the report, unless the report was submitted anonymously or directly to the Audit Committee. The Compliance Officer can be reached at [email protected]
由于調查的能力很大程度上取決于信息的質量和特性,任何舉報涉嫌違規行為的員工,均被鼓勵詳盡地提供關于舉報的問題的細節。首席合規官(或其指派人員)將負責審查或監督審查來源于任何渠道的關于涉嫌違法行為的舉報。首席合規官應及時通知發件人并表示確認收到報告,除非該舉報為匿名提交或直接提交給審計委員會。你可以通過郵件地址 [email protected]聯系首席合規官。
If you wish to report directly to the Audit Committee, you may send an email, as described earlier in this Policy, or, you may send a letter addressed to the Company's corporate headquarters marked "Attention: Audit Committee." You may report confidentially and anonymously if you wish. The Audit Committee will take whatever steps it deems necessary to respond to a report that it receives, including whether to refer the matter to the Compliance Officer for investigation.
II. Statement of Non Retaliation
It is against Company policy and, in many jurisdictions, a crime for anyone to intentionally retaliate against any person who provides truthful information to a law enforcement official concerning such person's reasonable good faith belief that a possible violation of any federal, state or foreign law has occurred. Moreover, the Company will not permit any form of intimidation or retaliation by any employee, contractor, subcontractor or agent of the Company against any employee because of any lawful act done by the employee to:
provide information, cause information to be provided, or otherwise assist in an investigation regarding any conduct which the employee reasonably and in good faith believes constitutes a violation of laws, rules, regulations or any Company policies; or
file, cause to be filed, testify, participate in, or otherwise assist in a proceeding filed or about to be filed relating to a violation of any law, rule or regulation.
The prohibited forms of intimidation or retaliation include, but are not limited to, discharge, demotion, suspension, threats, harassment or any other manner of discrimination with respect to an employee's terms or conditions of employment based on lawful actions of such employee with respect to a good faith report or cooperation or assistance with an investigation conducted by the Company.
III. Statement of Confidentiality
In cases in which an employee reports a suspected violation in good faith and is not engaged in the questionable conduct, the Company will attempt to keep its discussions and actions confidential to the greatest extent possible and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations governing employee privacy. All reports and records associated with complaints or reports made under this Policy are considered Company confidential information and access will be restricted to members of the Board of Directors of the Company, the Company's internal and external legal counsel, and others involved in investigating a complaint or report under this Policy. Access to reports and records may be granted to other parties at the discretion of the Compliance Officer.
IV. Investigation and Record Keeping
Employees should not independently conduct their own investigation but instead should make their complaint or report to their supervisor or manager, or by following the procedures in this Policy.; The Compliance Officer will coordinate the prompt investigation and resolution of all reports and ensure that corrective action, as necessary and appropriate, is taken. All records of the report of a suspected violation will be reviewed, investigated and evaluated by the Compliance Officer (or his or her designee) as he or she deems reasonably necessary.
IV. Investigation and Record Keeping
Employees should not independently conduct their own investigation but instead should make their complaint or report to their supervisor or manager, or by following the procedures in this Policy. The Compliance Officer will coordinate the prompt investigation and resolution of all reports and ensure that corrective action, as necessary and appropriate, is taken. All records of the report of a suspected violation will be reviewed, investigated and evaluated by the Compliance Officer (or his or her designee) as he or she deems reasonably necessary.
V. Retention of Records
The Compliance Officer will maintain a log of all complaints and reports, tracking their receipt, investigation and resolution. The Company will preserve records of complaints and reports made under this Policy and associated log(s) for a period of time to be determined by the Compliance Officer in consultation with the Company's Audit Committee. After the established retention period, the records and associated log(s) may be disposed of in accordance with Company policy.
首席合規官將維護一個記錄所有投訴和舉報的日志,用于跟蹤相關的收據,調查結果和解決方案。公司將根據本政策保留投訴和舉報的記錄的相關日志,保留期限由首席合規官與公司審計委員會協商確定。 在建立保留期限后,相應的記錄和相關日志將根據公司政策處理。
VI. Reporting to the Audit Committee
With respect to all reports of suspected violations, the Compliance Officer shall make a presentation to the Audit Committee. At each such meeting, management will report on the nature of all applicable reports received since the prior Audit Committee meeting. If the Compliance Officer, or his or her designee, determines that reporting prior to the next scheduled Audit Committee meeting is necessary or appropriate, the Compliance Officer or his or her designee shall contact the Audit Committee Chair, or such other person designated by the Audit Committee, to decide whether an earlier evaluation is warranted.
The Audit Committee will take whatever steps it deems necessary to respond to any violation report received by the Company.
VII. Policy Administration
The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing this Policy and confirming that the procedures contained in this Policy are in place. The Audit Committee may request reports from Company executives about the implementation of this Policy and take any other steps in connection with that implementation as they deem necessary. The Board of Directors of the Company may amend this Policy and procedures associated with this Policy.


text:
A Perfect Getaway
Item #: CJ7891
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|Cliff and Cydney (Steve Zahn and Milla Jovovich) are an adventurous young couple celebrating their honeymoon by backpacking to one of the most beautiful, and remote, beaches in Hawaii. Hiking the wild, secluded trails, they believe theyve found paradise. But when the pair comes across a group of frightened hikers discussing the horrifying murder of another newlywed couple on the islands, they begin to question whether they should turn back. Unsure whether to stay or flee, Cliff and Cydney join up with two other couples, and things begin to go terrifyingly wrong. Far from civilization or rescue, everyone begins to look like a threat and nobody knows whom to trust. Paradise becomes hell on earth as a brutal battle for survival begins.
|Directed by:
|David Twohy
|Robbie Brenner, Mark Canton, Ryan Kavanaugh, Tucker Tooley
|Chris Hemsworth, Milla Jovovich, Timothy Olyphant, Steve Zahn, Marley Shelton, Kiele Sanchez, Dale Dickey, Wendy Braun