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Thread: 1220 × 2440 build
26-02-2018 #1
Hi all, I'm Mark. I know many of you have probably heard it all before, but I'm hoping to build a CNC router big enough to take full sheets of ply or MDF and be able to cut nested parts. I'm in the process of enlisting the help of a local engineering firm to take care of the welding and fabrication, they will just work off of my drawings, I'm waiting to hear back from them after today.
I have a few grand to spend, hoping to keep the costs down as much as possible but don't want to compromise on the design. It needs to be strong, last the test of time and also be fairly fast and accurate. This is a business venture so it needs to cock on, no way am i paying 10k plus, not that id mind if I had the money, if I can build one for a fraction of the cost.
I have some design ideas and have been working on a basic draft, mostly incorporating ideas I've seen (will post a couple of pics later, if necessary),
but thought it best really if I get the advice from the pros. I've spent hours (days) trawling the forums and have read some great and useful stuff, the only problem is I've forgotten half of it and the other half is buried somewhere in fragments throughout different pages.
FYI I am completely new to CNC, but have some experience coding and can draw (a little) in CAD. Can't be much different to building a computer, can it? Hardware and software.
I have a few questions...
What pitfalls do you foresee with a machine this size? (1220 x 2440 x 100mm working area).
The steel and aluminium costs I have covered, it's the cost of the rest of the hardware and software I'm not 100% sure of. Can anyone direct me to a kit or the parts I need?
If you had 2-3k (2) to spend and you needed a machine this size, how would you go about designing and building it? Materials and hardware etc. Can it be done?
If there's any relevant (completed) builds you know of please send me the link.
Thank you.
26-02-2018 #2
Hi Mark,
There are a few machines here, all self built. But they are not as large as you are planning:
When the machine is that big (1220x2440) there are many things that come into play:
1. Ensuring the gantry is stiff enough to cope with the span
2. Ballscrews may want to whip at that length - I've not built anything that large but either look at fully tensioned ballscrews, rotating ballnut type, or rack and pinion drive.
3. Costs start to build as things get heavy and better motors are need to drive it
4. Be careful buying motor kits - they may boast Nema34 8Nm etc. motors but they throw in lowly 48V drivers and you would get more performance with Nema23 3Nm believe it or not.
4. Ensuring general alignment and straightness
I know Jazz and others have commented on big machines in the past based on first hand experience so I'm sure they will be here with some better specifics. Also some people settle for 1/2 sheets in the end to make something more manageable.
Another machine here but unclear if it ever went anywhere:
http://www.mycncuk.com/threads/6952-...-area%21/page5Building a CNC machine to make a better one since 2010 . . .
MK1 (1st photo), MK2, MK3, MK4
The Following User Says Thank You to routercnc For This Useful Post:
26-02-2018 #3
Hi thanks for replying.
1. Hopefully the gantry won't be an issue as the design uses 50mm by 100mm mild steel side rails for the x axis, with 50mm support structures welded to the bottom. I'd seen somewhere that dropping the bed instead of raising the gantry makes the structure stronger, makes sense. 10mm aluminium plate for the gantry in an L shape. In theory, this is sound I think?
2. Backlash, which sounds similar to slop in a drivetrain, was one of my worries here too. In my design I was looking at using ballscrews, I guess I need to keep reading some more on that issue. Are you saying that backlash can be eliminated by using those methods? I'm sure I've read somewhere it can. The structure itself I think should be ok, I tried uploading a picture from my phone a few tims but it failed.
3) Most of the weight would be in the bed and support structure below made from mild steel, the only moving parts would be made from 10mm aluminium plate to keep the weight down.
4.Again this is an area I need to look into more, but I'm thinking I need to finalise my design and see how much it's going to weigh before I decide.
4. Hopefully this won't be an issue and is why I'm not even going to attempt to weld this myself. The lower supporting structure will be separate from the bed, bolting together so I can use shims to get the bed as level as possible. Not 100% decided on whether the resin route will be needed, probably, Hopefully someone else will come and clear this up.
You mean that rather than having 100mm travel they leave it at just having 2 axis and using different router bits? I could make that work for some things, but not others.
Many thanks
Ps sorry if I've posted this multiple times!
Last edited by HullMark; 26-02-2018 at 08:45 PM.
26-02-2018 #4
Thanks for that link too, I have seen this and was thinking very similar, I was hoping though as you'll see from the dimensions I've given, mine doesn't need to be as robust for cutting just wood ... or am I wrong?
26-02-2018 #5If you had 2-3k (2) to spend and you needed a machine this size, how would you go about designing and building it? Materials and hardware etc. Can it be done?..Clive
The more you know, The better you know, How little you know
27-02-2018 #6
Hi Mark,
Ok first off let me say straight away that Clive is correct with 3K you cannot build the machine you describe or one that is any good.
When you get into 8x4 or above the game changes in lots of respects and cost is one of them.
Now regards your idea of farming out the welding to engineering firm then be careful because I've seen this done many times and fail.?
The problem comes from the fact most welding firms will weld the frame up as thou it's just workbench and CNC frame requires more careful approach.
They won't take the time or care to spread the welding so as to keep distortion to minimum. They also won't constantly monitor any twisting that might occur from the heat. And most certainly won't take the time to make sure the Rails surfaces are on the same plane.
Any distortion or twist will have to be dealt with later otherwise it will affect how the machine performs. So anything that can be done to lower this the better and this takes time and most welders haven't got the time to wait for welds cooling etc so will just weld it up in one go which will cause you issues down the line.
The rail surfaces must be on the same plane and will need careful attention when welding or they will cause you lot more work. Even then if carefully done your still going to have either Epoxy level or have the surfaces machined flat.
Don't be fooled into thinking Box section is flat because I've yet to see one that is and certainly not one nearly 3mtr long.!
Now regards Gantry and 10mm plate in L shape layout then forget it.! That's just not going to be strong enough for gantry that will be 1600mm wide.
To give some idea the last 8x4 I built which you'll see in pics uses 120x80 HD Aluminium Profile arranged in L shape and I consider that a Minimum for a machine this size.
It's not just the weight it's carrying but got to also think about resonance/vibrations that will occur from the cutting. Resonance will give poor finish, cause excess tool wear and shorten component life.
Next comes linear motion. If your wanting Ballscrews then you really need to know what you're doing and what to buy because when you get past 1500mm things get wobbly real quick.
First, you have the obvious thing to deal with which is screw Whip from the long length. But you also have to think about alignment because long screws are merciless when comes to alignment. The slightest misalignment and they'll turn into gyrating skipping rope which will cripple the machine performance.
Getting this right is a careful balance of selecting the correct ballscrew with regards pitch and diameter along with correct tensioning and alignment. Get anyone one wrong and your in for world of pain.
This why Rotating ballnuts are often used for long lengths but this gets expensive and complicated unless you can make them your self.
Rack & pinion is the common solution for machine this length but again this brings with it's own challenges and problems/costs.
Coupled with all these solutions comes correct selection Motors/drives etc and is one of the reasons why you cannot build a machine this size for £3k.
Long, large diameter screws require bigger motors which along with high power drives get expensive quickly.
Ballscrew or R&P there is no difference really here because R&P is less efficient so still requires large motors to compensate. You also then have more backlash to deal with from R&P. Also R&P will require gearing to give you the Torque and resolution required which adds another layer of costs/complexitys.
I Strongly advise you to think long and hard before you take this project one with No experience because it's very very easy to get it wrong and all the research in the world won't prepare you for just how much more of challenge it is building an 8x4 than say 4x4.
The extra length really does change things that much and the slightest errors get magnified.
But one thing I can 200% tell you is that cannot be done properly or legally for £3k.!!
Here's two for you one with R&P and other with Ballscrews and mounted vertical.!
27-02-2018 #7
Don't under estimate wood because while it's softer than aluminium you have to cut it faster and often much deeper which requires strength/power.
Also don't just think strength but also think in terms of vibrations because resonance really does affect the machine in many ways, performance, quality of finish, tool wear and component wear.
Also just bare in mind CNC tends to open up other avenues and if machine is weak to start with then limits these avenues.!!
27-02-2018 #8
It's not all doom and gloom at all, I appreciate the honest replies and is why I'm here. I don't want this machine building yesterday, sure it's going to take time, I'm not in a major rush but would like It to be complete in 6 - 12 months. It will take as long as it takes, any sooner the better, this is a side venture/ hobby and the time will give me the chance to research more and work on my CAD.
This is all sound advice, I won't be purchasing anything until until I have a fully itemised bill of materials, and like you say that will come once I have worked out a suitable design Clive. I've tried attaching photos to the posts I'm sending, but it says failed to upload.
It seems like The first and maybe most important things to consider are the strength and accuracy of all parts. The two companies I have in mind, I know someone who builds conveyors at one, and i know the owner of the other one. The other company manufactures all sorts of precision parts. There's no doubt in my mind that both of them will be able to achieve the accuracy, they both have decades of fabrication experience each. It's like jazz said though they are always busy so it'll be a case of finalising a design first, then fitting in the welding and fabrication around what they've got going on when I'm ready.
I thought first of all i'd draw a rough idea, get the structure looking solid for the bed, base and gantry before I go into any of the finer detail stuff. Then from there we can look at motors etc. I will look again at posting some pictures.
If it can't be done for that price, how much is more realistic Jazz? There's a few machines this kind of size on eBay for 7.5-11.5k with some offering training. I figure if they can sell them for that surely I can build one for less (hopefully, that's usually the case when you DIY as much you can) with the right kind of guidance and outside expertise. Maybe I don't know what I'm talking about? But that's why I'm here.
This thread as much as anything will serve as a reference for me so I can have everything I need in one place. Any links and information are much appreciated, I'm keen to learn as much as I can from the experts here and am not expecting things to happen over night.
Cheers guys for the comments, you've given me a lot to think about.
27-02-2018 #9
So straight off the bat your backs against the wall if paying these companys or even if working on mates rates you haven't got much room to play with.
Also you'll all most certainly have to buy all the major components ie: linear rails, ballscrews etc from china to do this for £4k- £4.5K.
Here's Little break done for you.
The Linear rails & bearings, ballscrews & end bearings will cost about £2k and that's working on 20mm rails. Really 25mm would be better for long axis. Then throw another £300-400 into things like Timing belts, pulleys, Cable chains, nut's bolts etc.
Frame materials will depend on design but You'll not have any change from £500 and that's working on steel prices at wholesale not retail. By the time throw aluminium into mix for Z axis and brackets etc and you'll be at £750+.
If you use Profile type gantry like I do then will be easily over £1000.
The electronics will cost best part of £1000 to be done properly. That's working on using Closed loop steepers and using Motion control card all done correctly in Steel cabinet. Including all cables relays, e-stops, limit switches etc.
Wouldn't use open loop steppers for machine this size because using slaved motors as there is lot of inertia and easy to loose position. Plus the difference is cost isn't massive so well worth little extra.
Rails/screws etc £2000
Rail/screw sundries £400
Steel/Ali £750
Electrics/Motors etc £1000
These prices are not OTT and based off prices I've paid from China so you don't have massive wiggle room. Plus there will be extra hidden costs like paint,Drills etc which could easily account for another £200-300.
So you see £4K soon gets eaten up and that's allowing for someone who knows what there doing and doesn't screw up. Which is very easy to do for resonably experienced builder and almost guaranted for new builder.!!
Regards the Ebay machines then I've yet to see one that is any good for under £10K and most are Chinese machines which have there problems like coming with DSP controllers which expire quickly and limiting to use or cheap nasty electronics which will need some fetteling costing more money still. Most 8x 4 that are any good are between £15K-£20k.
If you expect to spend £5K you'll end up with machine that will last for years cut everything you want and be very reliable. The same would cost you £20K+ to buy.
Last edited by JAZZCNC; 27-02-2018 at 04:19 PM.
27-02-2018 #10
5k sounds reasonable to me, thanks for the break down Jazz, that's helpful and exactly what I needed, a ballpark figure ... have you seen CKJCNC on eBay? They seem to be doing a lot of business selling CNC machines, sub 10k plus VAT for the 1325 model (1300 x 2500 x 200 working area). Certainly looks the part, at least to my untrained eye! About 11.5k inc VAT.
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by: Linkin Park
Perhaps if the cut-and-paste remix record Reanimation hadn't appeared as a stopgap measure in the summer of 2002, Linkin Park's second record, Meteora, would merely have been seen as a continuation of their 2000 debut, Hybrid Theory, instead of a retreat to familiar ground. Then again, Reanimation wasn't much more than a way to buy time (along with maybe a little credibility), so it's unfair to say that its dabbling in electronica and hip-hop truly pointed toward a new direction for the group, but it did provide a more interesting listening experience than Meteora, which is nothing more and nothing less than a Hybrid Theory part two. Which isn't to say that Linkin Park didn't put any effort into the record, since it does demonstrate that the group does stand apart from the pack by having the foresight to smash all nu-metal trademarks -- buzzing guitars, lumbering rhythms, angsty screaming, buried scratching, rapped verses -- into one accessible sound which suggests hooks instead of offering them. More importantly, the group has discipline and editing skills, keeping this record at a tight 36-minutes-and-41-seconds, a move that makes it considerably more listenable than its peers and, by extension, more powerful, since they know where to focus their energy, something that many nu-metal bands simply do not. (It must be said that there will surely be consumers out there who will question paying a $19.99 retail for a 36-minute-and-41-second record, though some may prefer getting a tight, listenable record at that price instead of a meandering 70-minute mess.) So, it must be said that Meteora does deliver on the most basic level -- it gives the fans what they want, and it does so with energy and without fuss. It's also without surprises, either, which again gives the album a static feeling -- suggesting not a holding pattern for the band, but rather the limits of their chosen genre, which remains so stylistically rigid and formulaic that even with a band who follows the blueprint well, like Linkin Park, it winds up sounding a little samey and insular. Since this is only their second go-round, this is hardly a fatal flaw, but the similarity of Meteora to Hybrid Theory does not only raise the question of "where do they go from here?," but whether there is a place for them to go at all. [This "Tour Edition" of the album includes bonus material.] ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine

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Follow our PlayStation 4 coverage
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Developing Readers in the Academic Disciplines
by Doug Buehl
|6 – 12
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It's been awhile since I've combed the Internet for video game accessibility information, so tonight I've been doing just that.
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DES MOINES, Iowa, Oct. 4 (UPI) -- The American Future Fund says it will launch an ad campaign in Iowa portraying President Obama's policies in the Middle East and North Africa as a failure.
The Republican-leaning group will spend $343,000 to air the commercials beginning Friday through Oct. 10, Politico reported.
The ads will point to what AFF considers Obama's shortcomings in reacting to attacks last month on U.S. consulates and embassies across the Muslim world.
In the ad, a speaker says: "Sept. 11, 2012: Our ambassador is murdered. U.S. embassies under attack. Our president? Skips his security briefing the next day to attend a fundraiser in [Las] Vegas. Al-Qaida surges. Turmoil engulfs the Middle East. Our president? Too busy to meet with our closest ally in the region [Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu]."
The speaker closes by saying, "Is America leading? Are we safer? It's time for a leader who takes charge."
Americans are divided on Obama's approach to Libya and Egypt, the latest NBC/Wall Street Journal poll indicates. Some 45 percent of those surveyed said they approved of the way Obama handled the situation while 46 percent said they disapproved.
AFF was founded in 2007 by people who later worked for Mitt Romney's 2008 Republican presidential campaign.


text:
World Bulletin/News Desk
The European Union is unlikely to match the United States in threatening sanctions against Russia when its foreign ministers meet to discuss Ukraine on Monday, instead pushing for mediation between Moscow and Kiev, officials say.
The emergency talks, convened as Russian President Vladimir Putin seized the Crimean peninsula and said he had the right to invade his neighbour, are expected to result in a strongly worded statement of condemnation, but no immediate punitive measures.
Instead, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who spoke by telephone to Putin late on Sunday, is pushing for high-level mediation and a "fact-finding" mission to Ukraine, possibly led by the Vienna-based Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, currently chaired by Switzerland.
By contrast, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry threatened visa bans, asset freezes and trade restrictions against Russia, which he accused of "19th century" behaviour in Ukraine.
"American businesses may well want to start thinking twice about whether they want to do business with a country that behaves like this," Kerry said on Sunday.
European governments will take a more cautious approach, diplomats said, with any prospect of sanctions against Russia unlikely to be spelled out directly.
Several EU member states including Germany, France, Britain, the Netherlands and Finland are expected to push for mediation to calm the crisis, diplomats indicated. The OSCE said on Monday it was ready to play a role.
The seizure of Crimea has created the greatest confrontation between Russia and the West since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, an event Putin has described as the worst geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century.
Speaking to Merkel by phone on Sunday, U.S. President Barack Obama underscored the "complete illegitimacy" of Russia's actions. A senior U.S. official said Obama would make the same point to the leaders of Britain and Poland.
But many Europeans are concerned about pushing Putin too far, mindful of their deep economic links with Russia, including a heavy dependence on Moscow's gas and oil exports. There is also concern about the time required for sanctions and the legal hurdles that must be cleared.
EU sanctions also require unanimity among the 28 member states, something that would be extremely difficult to achieve when it comes to Russia, with some small countries, such as Cyprus, having close ties to Moscow.
Moscow has said it is protecting the lives of Russian-speakers, who are in the majority in Crimea and numerous in much of eastern Ukraine, and appears to be calculating that the West cannot afford to risk a wider conflagration by taking anything approaching military action.
Russia is the EU's biggest trading partner after the United States and China, with 123 billion euros ($170 billion) of goods exported there in 2012. It is also the EU's most important single supplier of energy products, accounting for more than a quarter of all EU consumption of oil and gas.
Relations between Brussels and Moscow have deteriorated over the last year, with EU governments expressing anger over Moscow's pressure on former Soviet republics hoping to forge closer economic ties with Europe, including Ukraine.
Tensions reached new heights when Moscow persuaded Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovich to reject a trade deal with the EU in November, a decision that sparked three months of mass protests that ended with his overthrow.
One decision that could be agreed by EU foreign ministers is asset freezes against Ukrainians accused of misappropriating public funds, similar to measures taken by Austria, Switzerland and Lichtenstein last week.
Austria announced on Saturday that it was blocking the bank accounts of Yanukovich and 17 others, following a request by Ukraine's new authorities. Ukraine's new leaders have accused Yanukovich of embezzling as much as $37 billion in three years.Last Mod: 03 Mart 2014, 11:45


text: Greg Manchess has a new childrens' book out this month, Cheyenne Medicine Hat. A sweet and sad story of the dwindling herds of wild mustangs in western America. For research, Greg visited the Black Hills Wild Horse Sanctuary in South Dakota.The book is written by Brian Heinz. The two teamed up on Nanuk in 1998. Nanuk garnered Greg the prestigious Hamilton King Award.


text:
All News Releases By Date
EPA orders CUC Saipan to prevent oil discharges at Power Plants 1 and 2
Release Date: 10/25/2006
Contact Information: Dean Higuchi, 808-541-2711, firstname.lastname@example.com
(10/25/06) ONOLULU – The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency today ordered the Commonwealth Utilities Corporation to clean up spilled oil and prevent discharges of oil at Power Plants 1 and 2 at its Lower Base facility in Saipan.
"It is important that facilities take all the measures needed, including proper disposal of used oil, to prevent contaminating the environment," said Daniel Meer, manager of EPA Pacific Southwest Region's Emergency Response, Planning and Assessment Branch in San Francisco. "Ocean ecosystems and marine species are easily harmed by oil spills that could be prevented with the proper planning and spill containment."
CUC must immediately stop all oil discharges and take steps to prevent future spills. The facility will have 30 days to submit a proposal and work plan for EPA approval to clean up the site and ensure there is no threat of oil discharge to the environment from its drum storage area.
The order also requires CUC to develop a used oil management and disposal program aimed at reducing the amount of used oil stored at the facility. CUC will need to submit monthly progress reports to the EPA until work is completed. Failure to comply with the order could result in fines of $32,500 per day of violation.
In August 2005, EPA inspectors cited the facility for failing to test above ground storage tanks and for failure to clean up oil contamination. Inspectors noted the drum storage area as having accumulations of spilled oil. In October 2005, the EPA issued an expedited settlement agreement to the facility requiring the issues be corrected.
By February, CUC had accumulated about 143,000 gallons of used oil in 2,600 55-gallon drums and had nearly 500,000 total gallons of used oil on site. In May, EPA inspectors revisited the site and found drums outside the spill containment areas. Some of the drums were in poor condition and others were broken, spilling their contents onto the ground adjacent to Tanapag Lagoon. Inspectors found oil contaminated soil in areas outside the containment area and other drums that had spilled and were not cleaned up within the containment area.
Oil spills and other contamination from onshore sources can pollute and harm coral and marine life. The EPA requires near shore oil storage facilities to have their spill response plans certified by a professional engineer, and have spill prevention measures in place to prevent oil from being discharged into the ocean.
Search this collection of releases | or search all news releases
View selected historical press releases from 1970 to 1998 in the EPA History website.


text:
Roasted Hazelnut Dark Chocolate EXCELLENCE Bar (3.5 oz)
EXCELLENCE Roasted Hazelnut: discover the exceptional crunch of roasted hazelnuts combined with the finest dark chocolate. Note: Product packaging may vary.
More details
Nutrition Information
Lindt chocolate embodies the passion and expert craftsmanship of its Lindt Master Swiss Chocolatiers. Lindt delivers a unique chocolate experience offering a distinctly smooth and rich, gourmet taste.
- Flavor: Hazelnut
- Chocolate type: Dark Chocolate
- Piece count: 1
- Net weight: 3.5 oz (100 g)
- Size (in.): 3.5 x 0.3 x 7.6
- Brand: EXCELLENCE
- Packaging: Wrapper
- Country: France
- Gluten free: Yes


text:
Activision Lays Off 200 Across Multiple Studios, Luxoflux Shuts Down
Neversoft, who became Guitar Hero's primary developer with the third numbered entry and released nine Tony Hawk skateboarding games before relinquishing control of the franchise to Robomodo, lost around 50 of its 170 or so employees as of Wednesday.
Responsible for Dave Mirra Freestyle and BMX XXX while under the name of Z-Axis, Underground Development was once due to shut in 2008 and while it dodged that closure, Gamasutra suggests it has suffered layoffs at the very least and may be shut.
Activision announced this week that it would cease releasing Guitar Hero titles for the PlayStation 2 while CEO Bobby Kotick recently stated that the company's overall philosophy had recently shifted to "less games, better games."
Asked to commment, Activision provided Shacknews with the following statement:
Activision Publishing continually evaluates its resources to ensure that they are properly matched against its product slate and strategic goals. In 2010, the company's sku count will be smaller than in 2009 driven in part, by a decrease in the number of music-based games we will be releasing.
As we discussed on our earnings conference call yesterday, we are directing our resources against the largest and most profitable business segments, and as part of this initiative, we are realigning our resources to better reflect our slate and the market opportunities. At the same time, we are increasing our digital/online capabilities as we expect that digital/online will continue to become a more meaningful part of our business model in the years ahead.
Some of Luxoflux's 56 employees may be offered positions at Call of Duty: World at War developer Treyarch, according to the Los Angeles Times, but the studio will close.
Over at Prototype and Scarface: The World Is Yours developer Radical Entertainment, more than half of the studio's 180 staff have reportedly been let go.
Late last year, rival Electronic Arts initiated a cost-reduction plan with "a headcount reduction of approximately 1,500 positions," which saw Mercenaries and The Saboteur creator Pandemic Studios gutted and 'restructured' and the EA Los Angeles team responsible for Command & Conquer 4 reportedly due to be let go once the real-time strategy sequel launches in March.


text:
In this series of posts, we will be reblogging content from Rhizome's Archives, available here. This interview with Cornelia Sollfrank, conducted by Florian Cramer, comes from Rhizome's former publication, the Rhizome Digest. It was published on March 31, 2002. You can peruse old editions of the Rhizome Digest here.
Big thanks to Rhizome's curatorial fellow Natalie Saltiel for help with this post.
Date: 3.15.2002 From: Florian Cramer (cantsin AT zedat.fu-berlin.de) Subject: Hacking the Art OS--Interview with Cornelia Sollfrank Keywords: net art, hacking, gender, design
[This is the English translation of the original-length German interview. Copyleft and publication data is given at the end. -FC]
Hacking the art operating system
Cornelia Sollfrank interviewed by Florian Cramer, December 28th, 2001, during the annual congress of the Chaos Computer Club (German Hacker's Club) in Berlin.+ + +
I have questions on various thematic complexes which in your work seem to be continually referring to each other: hacking and art, computer generated, or more specifically, generative art, cyberfeminism, or the questions that your new work entitled 'Improvised Tele-vision' throw up. And of course the thematic complex plagiarism and appropriation - as well as what can be seen as an appendix to that, art and code, code art and code aesthetics.
Surely code art and code aesthetics are more your themes than mine. I think I should be the one asking the questions here. (laughter)
...no, this refers very specifically to statements made by you, for example in your Telepolis interview with 0100101110111001.org, which I found excellent because of its rather sceptical undertones. If that really is more my area though, then by all means we can bracket it out of the interview.
No, no. I didn't mean it like that. Quite the opposite in fact. However that is what is so interesting and difficult about the relationship between these complexes - and which I often find myself arguing about. A lot of things appear to run parallel, or better put, one invests more in one area for a particular period of time, then returns back to something else. To keep an eye on how these various activities link together is not easy.


text:
Pirates Play Six Teams That Appeared In 2009 NCAA Regionals
GREENVILLE, N.C. - Thirty-six home games at Lewis Field inside Clark-LeClair Stadium, including the Seventh-Annual Keith LeClair Classic, highlight the 2010 East Carolina baseball schedule announced Wednesday morning by head baseball coach Billy Godwin.
The 2010 slate features 17 games against teams that earned a bid to the 2009 NCAA Regionals; 32 against teams with 30-plus wins; five that topped the 40-plus win plateau; two that made trips to the College World Series and five that finished ranked in the Top 25 polls, including three in the Top 10.
ECU will open play on Friday, Feb. 19 against College World Series participant Virginia in a three-game tilt and will stay home for their next four games, a midweek match-up against former Colonial Athletic Association foe Old Dominion (Feb. 23) and three games against 2009 Greenville Regional participant South Carolina (Feb. 26-28).
Conference USA play opens April 2 for the Pirates when they welcome league foe Tulane to town for a three-game series. Other C-USA schools making the trek to Greenville in 2010 include UAB (Apr. 16-18), Marshall (Apr. 30-May 2) and Houston (May 20-22).
League road trips include Memphis (Apr. 9-11), Super Regional participant Rice (Apr. 23-25), College World Series participant Southern Miss (May 7-9) and UCF (May 14-16).
ECU's home non-conference schedule is highlighted by the annual Keith LeClair Classic that pits the Pirates against Illinois (Mar. 5), West Virginia (Mar. 6) and Western Carolina (Mar. 7). Also scheduled for weekend series in Greenville are NCAA Regional participant Monmouth (Mar. 19-21) and North Carolina Central (Mar. 26-28), which serves as the Pirates' C-USA open weekend.
The first of 20 games away from Clark-LeClair Stadium occurs when the Pirates travel to High Point (Mar. 2), which is followed by a west-coast trip to face Cal State Northridge (Mar. 10) and Pepperdine (Mar. 11-13) during their spring break.
Along with NCAA Regional participant Elon (Mar. 30 and May 11), ECU will have home-and-home series against UNC Wilmington (Mar. 31 and Apr. 27) and Campbell (Apr. 13 and 20), while also playing High Point (Mar. 23), Gardner Webb (Mar. 16), N.C. State (Apr. 21) and James Madison (May 18).
"We have put together another outstanding schedule," said Godwin. "Our players look forward to playing on a national stage and our conference and non-conference schedules give them the opportunity to compete with some of the top teams in the country."
The Pirates, who have made 10 NCAA Regional appearances in the last 11 seasons, claimed the 2009 Conference USA regular season and 2009 Greenville Regional titles before advancing to their third NCAA Super Regional on the way to a 46-20 overall record.
(Press Release)


text:
Madison Escutcheon, Round Knob , Traditional Lever
A'dor SD1 Madison Escutcheon, Round Knob, Traditional Lever, Satin Nickel, Clear Coated
Satin Nickel, Clear Coated
As a new staple in home architectural hardware, A'dor has already left their mark on the industry by creating beautifully designed and functional architectural hardware. Established in 2010, A'dor is a family-run business, with over ninety years of combined passion and a commitment to forming new bonds and lasting relationships.
Innovation and quality have allowed A'dor to grow so quickly and make its mark. A'dor offers exclusive, high-end architectural hardware residential and commercial hardware, including bells, bolts, catches, guards, door knockers/viewers, door stops of all kinds, mail slots and a variety of window hardware with timeless designs and superior finishes. All A'dor products are forged, offering a lifetime of elegance and use.
A'dor carries a variety of different product lines to suit your needs. Whether you want to the rounded, soft contemporary look from the Clinton line, the squared and modern tone of the Madison line or the regal and sophisticated look carried by the Bristol line, A'dor is a leader in architectural hardware, providing the resources to exceed the expectations of customers.
Recently, A'dor has been becoming a favorite among architects and designers alike, thanks to their durability and design. Open the door to new possibilities with A'dor brand architectural hardware for your home and residential needs.
The cookie settings on this website are set to 'allow all cookies' to give you the very best experience. Please click Accept Cookies to continue to use the site.
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and insider-only discounts


text:
You can never have enough printed T-Shirts in your wardrobe. These loose fitting, brightly coloured front prints are especially outstanding from the otherwise straightforward style of the official Vespa 2014 collection.
• PRINT : Large, high quality front print.
• SPECIAL : Vespa logo on inner collar lining, contrasting collar seam colour.
• COLLAR : Round form
• STYLE : Loose fitting
• LENGTH : (rear of collar to lower seam): 63cm with the Medium size
OEM Numbers (for the purpose of comparison)


text:
The highly trained and experienced surgeons of St. Luke's Neurosurgical Associates specialize in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of these and other brain and nerve conditions.
Brain Surgery
A brain aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge in the wall of a brain artery. If this bulge tears and bleeds, nearby cells may be damaged. A brain aneurysm can occur in an artery wall that is weak or has a defect. The doctors of St. Luke's Neurosurgical Associates use several surgical procedures to treat aneurysms, including microneurosurgery.
Brain Tumor
A brain tumor is a mass of abnormal cells in the brain. A brain tumor can be classified as primary (starting in the brain) or metastatic (traveling to the brain from another site in the body). Brain tumors are either benign (slow-growing, not cancerous) or malignant (growing quickly, cancerous). The doctors of St. Luke's Neurosurgical Associates use several surgical procedures to treat brain tumors, including microneurosurgery.
Spine Surgery
Head and Spine Injury
Head injuries occur when the brain strikes the skull. Depending on the severity of the injury, some mental or physical skills may be lost. Damage to the spine can be caused by trauma, such as car accidents, falls, electrical shock and sports injuries. Spinal injuries can be very serious and result in numbness or paralysis. The doctors and staff of St. Luke's Neurosurgical Associates use the latest techniques, including minimally-invasive procedures, to treat patients with head and spine injuries.
Spine (Back) Disorders
Conditions like herniated discs, spinal stenosis, spinal tumors and spinal fracture can produce pain in the neck, back, arms and legs. Sometimes walking, handwriting and bowel and bladder function can be affected as well. The neurosurgeons at St. Luke's use a number of leading-edge techniques and equipment, including minimally-invasive surgery in state-of-the-art operating theatres, to help treat these conditions.
Other Surgery
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome affects the wrist and hand. Symptoms include tingling, numbness, hand pain and a weakened grip. Carpal tunnel syndrome can make even simple tasks like driving, holding a pen or paging through a newspaper hard to do. The doctors of St. Luke's Neurosurgical Associates use a peripheral nerve surgery called carpal tunnel decompression to treat the condition.
Hyperhidrosis is distinguished by excessive sweating in the hands, underarms, face and/or feet. This condition can interfere with otherwise normal activities, such as writing, driving, taking tests, making presentations or even holding or grasping objects. While there are some temporary solutions, such as topical treatments, electrical current and injections, they do not ease the condition permanently. A more effective surgical option is the minimally invasive surgical treatment known as thoracoscopic sympathectomy, sometimes called endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS).
Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease affects control over movements. When dopamine (a chemical critical for brain function) is missing from certain areas of the brain, the messages that tell your body how to move are lost or distorted. Shaking, stiffness and slow movement are common symptoms. While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, a procedure called Deep Brain Stimulation can help ease the symptoms and improve quality of life.


text:
CCRI employees may opt to purchase AFLAC's (American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus) Personal Cancer Protector Plan (a cancer expense insurance policy). This insurance assists families with non-medical expenses rarely covered by major medical insurance. Upon initiating such a policy, insurance premiums are paid through deduction. Should an employee leave CCRI, continuation of coverage is possible through direct payment to AFLAC under the terms and conditions of the coverage.
Open enrollment for the Personal Cancer Protector Plan occurs annually.
To obtain coverage details, plan costs, and enrollment information, contact CCRI's AFLAC representative, Doreen Sylvia, at 401-286-2871 or [email protected].
This page developed and maintained by The Office of Human Resources. Send comments and suggestions to [email protected].


text:
Required Immunizations
Per the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the Boston Department of Public Health, students are required to receive the following vaccines prior to enrollment:
- Two doses of MMR vaccine (Measles, mumps, & rubella), OR
- Two doses of a measles vaccine + two doses of a mumps vaccine + two doses of a rubella vaccine, separately
- Three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine
- One dose of Tdap vaccine within 10 years (Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough), adult dose)
- Two doses of Varicella (chicken pox) vaccine, OR immunity by blood titre
- No documentation is required if you were born in the United States before 1980
- (Students 21 years of age or younger) One dose of meningococcal vaccine on/after 16th birthday OR a meningococcal waiver (see below)
If you are unable to provide verification of full immunization dates (MM/DD/YYYY format), you may submit a laboratory report of immunity via blood test. Contact your health care provider to arrange for blood testing. If you have a medical condition that prevents immunization, have your clinician complete the medical exemption form. If immunization sincerely contradicts your religious belief, you may complete a religious exemption form. Download the Immunization Verification Form for your health care provider to complete and use to enter/upload entrance health requirements in the Student Health Portal.
Students must demonstrate compliance with all health requirements prior to entrance, or students will not be permitted to move into residence halls or begin classes.
Meningococcal Immunization
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts requires all undergraduates to either receive a recent meningococcal vaccine OR complete a Meningococcal waiver form upon entrance to the College. Unfamiliar with meningitis and unsure if you should get the vaccine? See detailed information about the disease from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
The Center offers vaccines against meningitis during our immunization clinics to all undergraduate students and eligible graduate students.
Immunization Clinics
We do not schedule appointments solely for immunizations.
Vaccines are available while supplies lasts; cost varies depending on the type of vaccine. Students with student health insurance plan will have 100 percent of the cost of the vaccine covered up front. Students with outside insurance may still be vaccinated, and the cost will be charged to their Student Account. Since coverage varies with every insurance plan, cost reimbursement for vaccination is the responsibility of the individual student. The Center does not charge insurance companies directly.


text:
If you have a small home that you want to make super stylish, don't think that your limited floor space has to be a factor. Interior designers are constantly turning petite homes into paradigms of contemporary style and chic, so we've taken a look at how they do it in order to share the secrets with you today.
From hallways to bedrooms, we've got tips for every room in your home so, if you're ready to plan a modern overhaul, let's see how the professionals do it.
You need to know exactly what space you have to work with so sketch out every room to show the shape and size before you plan or buy anything.
More pared back and neutral earth tones have a knack for making small spaces seem much bigger and they always look contemporary.
We all know that a large mirror will add to the perceived size of a small room, but also add some art to up your modern home furnishing game. Together, mirrors and art are an auspicious pair!
If you want to add in some colour to your modern masterpiece of a home, choose bright, vivid shades that will draw the eye. If people are looking at a yellow chair, they won't be calculating the square meterage of the room!
So often forgotten about, your dining room needs to be given serious thought.
Choose a dining set that won't swallow up too much room but will account for as many guests as you expect to have at any one time.
And perhaps consider knocking a wall out to open plan things a little more!
In a small home every space counts towards making a good impression and, as the first point of contact, your hallway needs to be exemplar. This is a good location for some extra art, mirrors and definitely some flowers!
This is a question worth asking, as indoor gardens are hugely popular in modern homes right now. You only need a small segment of space, such as under your stairs, and you could make a big contemporary statement.
A vital part of any home, your kitchen naturally wants to be modern and cutting edge! Brushed metal appliances and industrial tones work well to create a contemporary and functional look.
If you have a balcony or some outdoor space, a well thought out terrace will serve as an extra gathering spot and be a wonderful way to put your stamp on another 'room'.
You only need to rest in your bedroom so why clutter the space with extraneous furniture and televisions? Keep it simple, pared back and sparse for a modern and functional aesthetic.
A small bathroom doesn't have to be a boring one, especially if you're trying to capture a modern aesthetic. Vibrant tiles and polished concrete are the best of friends and we think you'll agree they look amazing here!
Modern homes are becoming more and more open plan, especially small ones, as it's a great way to make a house feel far bigger without adding any extensions.
In small modern homes, clever techniques are being used to create the illusion of space and airiness. We think this large wall decal shows the potential for optical illusions to make a big impact!
For more modern home inspiration, take a look at this Ideabook: Throwback 70s House Gets Modern!


text:
Raymond James Financial reported net revenues of $1.1 billion for the period ending Dec. 31, 2012, up 4% from the preceding quarter and a jump of 42% from the year-ago quarter. (The company acquired Morgan Keegan in the quarter ending June 30).
Net income for the quarter was $85.9 million, or $0.61 per share, up from $83.3 million, or $0.60, in the year-ago quarter and an improvement from $67.3 million, or $0.53, in the quarter ending Sept. 30.
Excluding $17.4 million of pretax expenses related to the Morgan Keegan acquisition, net income would have been $96.6 million or $0.69 per share. Analysts had expected the firm to have earnings of $0.68 without special items and sales of $1.08 billion.
Revenue in the private-client operations grew 35% from last year and 3% from the prior quarter to $712.8 million. Pretax income in the unit was $52.9 million, up 7% from last year and 5% from last quarter.
Fees and commissions in the unit were $595.5 million, a jump from $432.7 million a year ago and $578.6 million three months ago.
The advisor headcount in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom was 6,289 reps, down 41 from the previous quarter, but up 933 from a year ago. In the United States, Raymond James had 5,427 independent and employee reps, down 25 from the earlier period and up 932 from a year ago, when it had 4,495 reps.
The company says that its advisor recruiting activity "remains robust," and that the drop in financial advisors was "driven in large part by [the] attrition of lower-producing Morgan Keegan advisors." Also, the company says, retention levels of Morgan Keegan advisors that were offered retention packages by Raymond James as part of the acquisition is "extremely high."
In addition, employee advisors with at least seven years of industry experience will have a new payout grid starting in October, the company says. Executives note that the new grid is "product neutral" and "simpler" than the grid in place since 2010 and that it includes more payout levels.


text:
Appointments vs. Drop In Advising at AARS
Depending on the type of question(s) you have, you may need to come by for drop in general education advising, or you may need to schedule an appointment with a general education Advisor. Here are some very general guidelines of what can be answered during 10-15 minutes drop in advising, and what requires an appointment. Be sure to prepare for your advising session.
Drop In Advising
Appointment with Advisor
If you do not see the topic of your question above, please call us at 408-924-2129 to determine what kind of advising you should seek.


text:
A Wisconsin TV news anchor fought back against a bully on air Tuesday after receiving hurtful mail that called her fat.
Jennifer Livingston, an anchor for CBS affiliate WKBT in La Crosse, Wi., addressed her bully head on after receiving a letter — which her husband, WKBT anchor Mike Thompson, posted on his Facebook page — that scolded her for being an unacceptable role model on television for young girls because of her weight.
"Obesity is one of the worst choices a person can make and one of the most dangerous habits to maintain," a portion of the letter read. "I leave you this note hoping that you'll reconsider your responsibility as a local public personality to present and promote a healthy lifestyle."
On air, Livingston responded with a four-minute comment. "The truth is, I am overweight," she said. "You can call me fat — and yes, even obese on a doctor's chart. But to the person who wrote me that letter, do you think I don't know that? That your cruel words are pointing out something that I don't see? You don't know me."
Coincidentally, October is national anti-bullying month, which is why Livingston wanted to address this on air. "Now I am a grown woman, and luckily for me I have a very thick skin, literally, as that email pointed out, and otherwise. That man's words mean nothing to me, but what really angers me about this is is there are children who don't know better, who get emails as critical as the one I received or in many cases, even worse, each and every day."
Check out Livingston's full response below:


text:
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[10 Posts]
Joined: 20 Jul 2006
Posts: 4
Posted: Sun 29 Jun 2008, 09:51
Post subject:
Dingo, PPPOE, No DNS
Subject description: Have to remove resolv.conf symlink from /etc and /etc/ppp pointing at each other
don't know whether this is the right place to post - just wanted to share some experience with
Started Roaring Penguin PPPoE.
Started PPPoE got a connection. But DNS was not working as supposed (ping to IP addresses worked, but could not resolve hostnames).
I discovered that the symlinks of resolv.conf in /etc and /etc/ppp pointed at each other. I removed both files, disconnected and re-connected - et voila.
Back to top
Puppy Master
Joined: 09 May 2005
Posts: 9400
Location: Perth, Western Australia
Posted: Sun 29 Jun 2008, 20:22
Post subject:
Hmm, I thought that we had sorted that problem out. When you run from the menu, it runs /usr/sbin/pppoe_gui, and I recall we discussed the resolve.conf problem sometime ago and supposedly solved it.
Anyone want to volunteer to study that script and find out what has gone wrong?
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Joined: 20 Jul 2006
Posts: 4
Posted: Mon 30 Jun 2008, 02:43
Post subject: Dingo, PPPOE, No DNS
Subject description: Revisited - repeatable. Look at pppoe-connect line 219 ff
After reboot:
/etc/resolv.conf File rw-,r--,r--/--- root root 0 B 09:35:43 03 Nov 2004
/etc/ppp/resolv.conf Link rwx,rwx,rwx/--- root root 14 B 00:05:59 05 May 2008
pointing to ../resolv.conf
Clicking on Start on the Roaring Penguin PPPoE applet seems to start /usr/sbin/pppoe-start_shell which in turn calls /usr/sbin/pppoe-start which in turn calls /usr/sbin/pppoe-connect.
line 219 ff
# Jigger DNS if required...
if test "$DNSTYPE" = "SERVER" ; then
# Sorry, dude...
rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
ln -s /etc/ppp/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
elif test "$DNSTYPE" = "SPECIFY" ; then
# Sorry, dude...
rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver $DNS1" > /etc/resolv.conf
if test -n "$DNS2" ; then
echo "nameserver $DNS2" >> /etc/resolv.conf
I did configure using the SETUP button but then went to a command prompt:
# export DEBUG=1
# /usr/sbin/pppoe-start
*** Running in debug mode... please be patient...
*** Finished debugging run. Please review the file
*** '/tmp/pppoe-debug-12299/pppoe-debug.txt' and try to
*** figure out what is going on.
*** Unfortunately, we can NO LONGER accept debugging
*** output for analysis. Please do not send this to
*** Roaring Penguin; it is too time-consuming for
*** us to deal with all the analyses we have been sent.
What I don't understand is that the debug file lists:
Contents of /etc/resolv.conf
* The following section lists DNS setup.
* If you can browse by IP address, but not name, suspect
* a DNS problem.
nameserver 126.96.36.199
Hope this helps.
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Joined: 01 Nov 2008
Posts: 1
Posted: Sat 01 Nov 2008, 13:00
Post subject: Circular resolv.conf links
I experienced the same problem with circular resolv.conf links on a fresh boot of
I used the network setup wizard which worked flawlessly
to detect my ethernet adapter and configure auto dhcp.
I could then ping to an IP address, but not a hostname.
Luckily I have another linux machine on the network and I
was able to inspect its resolv.conf and manually enter
the dns servers into the Puppy conf file. But less experienced
people getting started may not be able to figure it out.
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Joined: 14 Aug 2009
Posts: 64
Location: Austria
Posted: Fri 04 Sep 2009, 04:38
Post subject: [SOLVED]
Hi @ all,
resolv.conf also does not exist in /etc/ppp and /etc ???
I have also run the PPPoE Wizard --- can i use this also for USB Wireless modem Huawei E179 ?
look here
Last edited by alix_board on Mon 07 Sep 2009, 01:43; edited 1 time in total
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Joined: 04 Apr 2007
Posts: 6815
Location: Chatham, Kent, UK
Posted: Fri 04 Sep 2009, 07:05
Post subject:
@ alix_board
see you reposted here
I was just going to recommend it
well done!
@ john_roshi
.....I was able to inspect its resolv.conf and manually enter
the dns servers into the Puppy conf file. But less experienced
people getting started may not be able to figure it out.
would you care to go to the same thread and post a quick howto for noobs?
Rich [rerwin] seems a little unclear about the dns bit - & I don't have the hardware/knowledge
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Joined: 28 Dec 2009
Posts: 858
Posted: Wed 05 May 2010, 16:31
Post subject:
BarryK wrote:
Hmm, I thought that we had sorted that problem out. When you run from the menu, it runs /usr/sbin/pppoe_gui, and I recall we discussed the resolve.conf problem sometime ago and supposedly solved it.
Anyone want to volunteer to study that script and find out what has gone wrong?
Okay, you have a volunteer.
This bug came up in the Users forum last week. Looking around a bit, I noticed that this bug has been coming up, off and on, for a number of years. So I thought I'd take a look to see if I could figure out why this bug seems to be so squash-resistant, and keeps coming back to haunt new users.
Because of the long history of this bug, I thought that I should first study that history a bit to get the big picture, rather than just look at the suspect scripts and perhaps propose a solution that might have already been tried and eventually failed.
So I did a lot of reading. I downloaded some early Puppies, examined release notes, poured over Barry's old news and new blogs, and studied the various related symptoms reported by forum members over the years, as well as the specific actions that led to those symptoms.
My old eyes probably read
too many posts. They were full of reports about good connections but which had "Address Not Found" errors while browsing, connections that had worked fine at one time but not after using PPPoE, and, of course, the smoking guns: circular links and "Too many levels of symbolic links". (For my convenience while studying them, I made a list of a couple of dozen threads where this issue has come up in the past, including links to them. Rather than now discarding that list, I will append it to the end of this post in case anyone else wants to dig into this a little more.)
The result is that I learned a lot (including stuff unrelated to this bug), and I have a new appreciation for how hard it must be to provide users with a wide choice of networking applications while ensuring that those apps play well with each other. And, along the way, I may have even (re)discovered the solution to this problem.
My apologies if this post is a little too long and boring, but if it helps us to finally lay this bug to rest permanently, perhaps it is worth it. (If not, you are welcome to keep a copy of this by your bedside for those nights when you need a little help getting to sleep.)
One of the options available when connecting via PPP is the ability to obtain the primary and secondary DNS nameservers from your Internet Service Provider (ISP), as described in
. We don't need to know the details of the RFC because the PPP daemon, pppd, has handled that task for us since 1999. When given the option
, pppd will ask the ISP server for the nameservers, and if the server provides them it will place them in the environment variables $DNS1 and $DNS2 and also create or overwrite /etc/ppp/resolv.conf with appropriate nameserver lines.
Of course those lines aren't very useful hiding in /etc/ppp/resolv.conf. They need to find their way to /etc/resolv.conf. The standard way of getting them into /etc/resolv.conf is by including appropriate code in the /etc/ppp/ip-up script. That script is run when pppd successfully completes the connection and has written to /etc/ppp/resolv.conf. The pppd package includes sample code for doing this in scripts/ip-up.local.add.
I'm fairly new to the Puppy world, and the oldest Puppy I've found is 1.0.4, so the early history of Puppy is not clear to me, but based on Barry's /etc/ppp/README.txt file in various Puppies, I think the following may be a fair picture of how things were done in pre-1.0.4 Puppies. (I'll welcome corrections from old-timers if this doesn't reflect reality.)
In June of 2003, a utility named "ppp" was used to connect via PPP. This utility generated an /etc/ppp/ip-up script. I have not been able to locate a copy of this utility, but a copy of its documentation, the /usr/share/doc/pppsetup.txt file (dated 2001-06-12) still lingers in Puppy 1.0.4. That file says that the ip-up script will update /etc/resolv.conf if it obtains a nameserver address.
(I am guessing that the script it generated might be the same as the file still included in Puppy 4.3.1 at /etc/ppp/ip-up-EXAMPLE. That script, if it finds the nameservers in $DNS1 and $DNS2, creates or overwrites /etc/resolv.conf with appropriate nameserver lines. Of course, it is just example code now, and doesn't actually get run in Puppy 4.3.1.)
In September of 2003, Barry added Gkdial. In /etc/ppp/README.txt, his comments indicate that the ip-up script is still being used (and he may edit it to eliminate an xmessage which is redundant for Gkdial).
Barry's next comment in /etc/ppp/README.txt, in November of 2004, indicates that Gkdial only writes to /etc/ppp/resolv.conf, not /etc/resolv.conf. So it would appear that either ip-up was no longer being used, or the code in it that updated /etc/resolv.conf had been removed. In the same comment he mentions that /etc/ppp/resolv.conf is a link to /etc/resolv.conf. So the current method of using this link to update /etc/resolv.conf dates from at least 2004. This way the pppd actually writes directly to /etc/resolv.conf, so that file is updated even if there is no code in ip-up (or even no ip-up) to do the update.
I've looked through Barry's news items from 2003 and 2004, and there is no mention of the removal of, or changes to, ip-up. My best guess is that the script was never specifically included on Puppy, since it was always created when "ppp -s" was run to setup the configuration. And if the user now chose to run Gkdial and never ran ppp, the script never got created, and so Gkdial didn't update /etc/resolv.conf until Barry added the link.
This link apparently worked well with the other utilities used in early Puppies for connecting via PPP. Except for ppp, many (or all?) of those utilities had no built-in mechanism for updating /etc/resolv.conf, and the symbolic link took care of that.
Then along came Roaring Penguin. Roaring Penguin
have a built-in mechanism for updating /etc/resolv.conf, which it uses if the user chooses to obtain the DNS addresses from their ISP server. Unfortunately, Roaring Penguin's way of doing things conflicted with Puppy's way of doing things. While Puppy makes /etc/ppp/resolv.conf a symlink to /etc/resolv.conf, so that when pppd writes to /etc/ppp/resolv.conf, it actually writes to /etc/resolv.conf, Roaring Penguin takes the opposite approach and uses a symlink from /etc/resolv.conf to /etc/ppp/resolv.conf so that when the resolver reads from /etc/resolv.conf it actually reads from /etc/ppp/resolv.conf. And thus sometimes we get into the situation when
are symlinks and
is happy.
The standard work-around was to, first, remove both symlinks. And, second, run pppoe-setup (formerly known as adsl-setup) again or simply create /etc/resolv.conf manually. (The downside of this was that if the user made a new /etc/resolv.conf, or ran pppoe-setup and didn't choose to obtain the DNS address from the ISP's server, there would be no linkage between the two resolv.conf files, and using any of Puppy's other PPP utilities would no longer automatically update /etc/resolv.conf, as they previously did. Of course, that was rarely a problem, since ISPs don't change their nameservers very often, but it could be confusing when they did, if the user expected the update to happen automatically as it was supposed to.)
On November 22, 2004, Barry put a comment in /etc/ppp/README.txt to tell Roaring Penguin users to rename /etc/ppp/resolv.conf to hide the symlink, and he pointed-out that doing so would interfere with the operation of Gkdial.
Before releasing Puppy 1.0.7 in December 2005, Barry edited Roaring Penguin's pppoe-connect script to disable the lines which made /etc/resolv.conf a symlink to /etc/ppp/resolv.conf. This appears to have solved the problem, as the forums became quiet on this issue for a couple of years.
Apparently that change was overlooked in October of 2007 when the Roaring Penguin pet was upgraded from 3.7 to 3.8, so those lines were no longer disabled and the problem they had caused reappeared. I've seen nothing to indicate that disabling those lines had caused a problem, nor that they were restored intentionally. I think it was just an oversight.
In April of 2008, before releasing Puppy 4.0, Barry put a warning in pppoe-setup which alerted users to the fact that choosing "server" to obtain the DNS addresses from their ISP server would probably not meet with success. If the user takes the advice to "just press the ENTER key", then when pppoe-connect is run it will not make the symlink, and all is well.
Unfortunately, there is also a suggestion to first try entering "server" to see if it will work, and run the setup script again if it doesn't. If the user does that, the symlink will be created when pppoe-connect is run, and any attempt by pppoe-setup to fix it will fail because of the "Too many levels of symbolic links" error. The link needs to be removed manually.
And that is how it still was as of Puppy 4.3.1.
My suggestion is to restore Barry's 2005 fix to pppoe-connect by changing these two lines from this:
rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
ln -s /etc/ppp/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
to this:
#BK rm -f /etc/resolv.conf
#BK ln -s /etc/ppp/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
Then Barry's 2008 change to pppoe-setup could be removed. That should be enough to fix this problem. Roaring Penguin will still work without that symlink because Puppy has the symlink at /etc/ppp/resolv.conf.
It might also be worth considering eliminating the symlink at /etc/ppp/resolv.conf and, instead, using ip-up to update /etc/resolv.conf, as was the done in the very first Puppies. This is apparently the way the developers of pppd intended things to be (they provide sample code for the ip-up script), and it is probably more bullet-proof because it avoids the need for other apps to set up symlinks and get into a symlink shoot-out.
In writing an ip-up script, it would be worth looking at the sample code provided in the scripts/ip-up.local.add in the pppd package. Although the code in the ip-up generated by the ppp utility (which still exists as /etc/ppp/ip-up-EXAMPLE) apparently worked okay, the sample code from the pppd package will actually make a copy of the original /etc/resolv.conf which can be restored by the ip-down script after pppd closes the connection. Thus, if a user had an alternative method of connecting to the Internet (e.g., the wireless access point at the local library) which needed a different /etc/resolv.conf, that file would not be blown-away after using PPP.
On the other hand, we know that the symlink at /etc/ppp/resolv.conf works. Adding an ip-up script might not be worth the additional testing that would be necessary. (On the third hand, if Puppy had continued to use ip-up all along, the symlink conflict would never have happened, and you might now be doing something more fun than reading this long, boring post. So perhaps ip-up could avert another conflict down the road when some new PPP utility didn't play by the same rules as the existing ones. (But (on the
hand?) with more and more households installing networks with routers that handle all of the PPP stuff, there may not be many new PPP utilities added to Puppy.))
If Puppy used ip-up, and the symlink at /etc/ppp/resolv.conf was removed, the symlink that Roaring Penguin places at /etc/resolv.conf might not cause a problem anymore. However, I think that Barry's 2005 fix should still be used. First of all, there still might be a way Roaring Penguin's symlink could cause a conflict with some future app. But also, consider this:
People sometimes have trouble connecting to the Internet. (Yes, I know it is hard to believe, but it is true!) When the obvious method of connecting doesn't work, people will try alternatives. Someone who has DSL, but connects via a router may properly choose "Internet by network or wireless LAN..." from the Internet Connection Wizard. And something might go wrong. So perhaps he remembers that the connection to his ISP uses PPPoE (and he also wants to see just what the heck a "Roaring Penguin" is), so he clicks on that button, and he goes through the set-up dialog and tries to connect. The Roaring Penguin proceeds to blow-away the existing /etc/resolv.conf, and replaces it with a link. Because PPPoE will not work for connecting to his router, no connection is made, and so no nameservers ever get added to any resolv.conf. Now no method of connecting will work.
My guess is that this is also one of the various reasons why people who once had everything working sometimes get into the state where they seem to be able to connect okay, but browsing now always results in "Address Not Found".
Note that the configuration file, /etc/ppp/pppoe.conf, supplied with Puppy 4.3.1 (and probably others) sets DNSTYPE=SERVER, so all a user has to do to get into this situation is:
(WARNING: You don't actually want to do this.)
Menu -> Network -> Roaring Penguin PPPoE -> Connect now: START
connect -> Internet by 'Roaring Penguin' PPPOE... -> Connect now: START
It is my opinion that the Roaring Penguins made a bad choice when they chose to link /etc/resolv.conf to /etc/ppp/resolv.conf. Barry's 2005 fix is a good one and should eliminate the current problem. Creating an ip-up script doesn't seem to be currently necessary, but if folks think that it would be worth the effort and risk, it might make for a more robust Puppy when confronted with future PPP apps, if any.
In researching this issue, I did a lot of reading of old forum posts related to it. (Both the forum and Barry's daily notes are wonderful resources to have available.) Anyway, for my convenience I made a list of a couple of dozen of the threads, with HTML links to them. Rather than just tossing it out now I offer it here in case anyone else wants to look into the issue as well. (Or use it as a sleep aid, if this post wasn't enough.)
I also made a partial time-line of events in Puppy's early history related to PPP. I hate throwing things away, so I'll add it here in case it might be helpful to someone else.
Okay, now I'm off to file a report on another PPP-related bug that I stumbled over when researching this one. Hopefully that report will be shorter than this one.
Forum posts related to Roaring Penguin /etc/resolv.conf symlink issue
619 Time(s)
Partial time-line of PPP related events in Puppy's early history
864 Bytes
734 Time(s)
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Joined: 04 Apr 2007
Posts: 6815
Location: Chatham, Kent, UK
Posted: Wed 05 May 2010, 20:07
Post subject:
npierce - good job!
I look forward to Barry's confirmation of your seemingly thorough research
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Joined: 04 May 2010
Posts: 1
Posted: Tue 11 May 2010, 13:55
Post subject:
Ah - thank you npierce - this article has just helped me finally solve my connection problem that has had me frustrated for the last 10 days.
I am new to linux, and this is my 2nd serious attempt to start migrating from Windows, but I don't know my way around the file system - or pretty much anything. I did know, however, that I had no internet access, even though the Connection was said to be live, and I had discovered that the DNS wasn't sticking for me and kinda had a hunch this might be the problem, but I had no idea there were copies of resolv.conf in two places, or that there were symlinks - so your article has taught me a lot today.
When I went to /etc/ppp/ I found 4 copies of resolv.conf-type files (.old, .bak, etc) including one made by the DHCP server. I deleted all but one (the one with my preferred OpenDNS servers listed), renamed it appropriately and voila.... internet access !!
Hopefully it'll stick now, but if not, I'll know where to go.
Ran it for over 24 hrs no problem, but when I rebooted it today it was back to square one. Clearly I didn't understand what I had done. Eventually it seems OK back now:
1) made /etc/resolv.conf with the entries for DNS1 & DNS2
2) made a link to /etc/resolv.conf as /etc/ppp/resolv.conf
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Joined: 06 Nov 2012
Posts: 1
Posted: Tue 06 Nov 2012, 15:06
Post subject: Precise Puppy PPPoE
Subject description: Puppy PPPoE with User ID, Password, fixed MAC, fixed Service Name
I am new to Linux. The following worked for me.
1. As soon as your Puppy boots to the desktop, it connects to network by AutoDHCP. Right-click the network button on the tray (bottom-right), and select 'disconnect from network'.
2. If your Service Provider gave you no fixed MAC, skip this step. Else you need to download macchanger pet. Using another device, even cellphone will do, download 'macchanger-1.5.0-i486.pet' and 'macchanger-gui.pet version 1.1' from
. Save to cell phones usb card. Connect the card with a card reader, DO NOT remove your Precise Puppy USB. Hope there is another USB port on your system. The card will show on the desktop when connected. Click to go to where you saved the two files. Click on each of these files on at a time, agree to everything. Once both the files get installed on your Puppy, go to Menu>Utility>Macchanger and edit your MAC and save.
3. Right-click the 'connect' button on desktop and go to 'Execute the Internet Connection Wizard'. Under 'Desktop/tray' in the wizard select "Roaring Penguin" and In 'Connect to Internet by' click on 'Roaring Penguin' which should open the configuration pet for PPPOE. Click 'Setup', leave everything default except User ID, Password (give twice), and for Firewall select '1' i.e. Standalone. Once Setup is done, do not start it yet.
4. If your Service Provider gave you no fixed Service Name, skip this step: talk to your Provider to confirm you on this. If there is a fixed Service Name, go to 'file' on desktop. Go to Parent directory by clicking the "up" button (likely to be a green arrow pointing upward). Then go to /etc/ppp. In this directory you will find pppoe.conf file. Click to open. If you see 'eth0', your user id, etc. you are in the right place. Scroll down. Just between ACNAME and PING, you will see SERVICENAME. Write your Service Name here in exactly the same way your Service Provider tells you, case sensitive, no space after '='. Save the pppoe.conf file and close it.
5. Click on 'connect' on desktop, the PPPOE opens where you can click 'Start' to get connected.
6. Remeber to 'SAVE' at system Power-off, else you take this hassle on the next boot as well!
macchanger pet GUI...special thanks to sc0ttman
781 Time(s)
macchanger pet
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Aware of the importance of international relations, ESIC has a department that specializes in this field. It holds collaboration agreements with other academic institutions that validate subjects, carries out programs or student exchanges, and also organizes teamwork to research and develop programs that help face the challenges of a global market. ESIC offers multiple options for its students: validation of studies, research programs, summer courses, internships, annual exchanges with double degrees, opportunities to improve language skills, etc.
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text: Hello and good day. I hope everyone is doing well.. Spring has finally Sprung here in Michigan and I am gearing up for some Mushroom hunting and gardening, and that ever growing.. honey do list! Heres some images of a custom order I just finished up. I gota say. Sometimes I even surprise myself with how these knives finish out. Meaning I am VERY happy with this one and how it looks. I took about 300 pictures trying to capture the true color and character of the Mammoth tooth. as well as the details of the blade and knife. And even with all my efforts. A photo just doesn't do this one justice. The specs on this are High Carbon Damascus "Tsunami pattern" 288mm heel to tip. 55mm at the heel. 2.5 thick above the heel tapering to the tip. Handle is Mosaic damascus bolsters and 12000 year old wholly mammoth tooth. Take a few seconds and get a good look at this handle. Im amazed and in awe of the beauty and patterning/textured look even though its smooth as glass. Features.. Copper and brass mosaic pins. and black and copper spacers. and liner. and full filework "thorn and vine patter" As always, comments and critiques welcomed and encouraged.


text:
In its day, shaft XII at the Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen was the world's largest and most modern coal-mining facility and a leading example of the development of heavy industry in Europe. Today, with its Bauhaus-influenced design, the mine is a triumph of modern industrial architecture and a centre for art and culture.
It is often referred to as the 'world's most iconic colliery'. And rightly so, as the architects Fritz Schupp and Martin Kremmer created a very special industrial complex here between 1927 and 1932. With a harmonious composition of red brick facades in a steel framework – a paragon of symmetry and geometry – the building still has great aesthetic appeal. In 2010 the Zollverein mine was the cultural and artistic centre of the European Capital of Culture Essen in North Rhine-Westphalia. Coal was mined and processed here for 135 years, before the mine was decommissioned in 1986. Founded in 1998, the Zollverein Foundation very quickly dedicated its attention to repurposing the complex and preserving the industrial monument. With great success: today, it is a cultural highlight in the Ruhr region and a living museum of mining history and the development of industrial architecture. Visitors following the Zollverein heritage trail will learn about the modernists of the 1920s and 1930s, the development of heavy industry and how 'black gold' was processed: preserved in all their glory here are the former separation plant, the coal bunkers and the coal washery, gargantuan machines and conveyor belts, seemingly endless rows of coke ovens and six imposing chimneys. The tour also includes models, films and installations. However, it is not only the design of the colliery that stands out. The Red Dot Design Museum housed at the complex has the world's largest collection of contemporary design and is now part of the World Heritage site. Every year, the coveted red dot is awarded for exemplary design.
Opening times
RUHR.VISITORCENTER Essen: 10am to 6pm daily
Ruhr Museum: 10am to 6pm daily
Red Dot Design Museum: Tuesday to Sunday and on public holidays (excluding 24, 25, 31 December and 1 January) from 11am to 6pm, last admission: 5pm
Guided tours
Zollverein heritage trail: technical processes, architectural features and the mine's historical background are clearly explained on various guided tours.
Further information:
Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen is part of the '' UNESCO route. Other stops on the route are:
UNESCO World Heritage sites:
Other towns and cities worth seeing:
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