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Mountain Hardwear Maestro
The Maestro has been discontinued. If you're looking for something new, check out the best external frame backpacks for 2020.
Historic Range: $170.52-$379.00
Reviewers Paid: $175.00-$379.00
4-star: 1
3-star: 0
2-star: 0
1-star: 1
Great backpack. Wonderful hybrid design. Surprised more backpack manufacturers haven't gone to a design like this. Also surprised MH discontinued this design.
- Very strong and lightweight pack
- Very comfortable once adjusted to your body
- Initial adjustment is a bit of a pain
I retired my Dana Design for this backpack. I have used this pack extensively over the last 4 years. It is a little difficult to get dialed in but once it is, it is a wonderful pack. I have packed 50# loads into the Grand Canyon for several days and it has served me well. Very comfortable!
I love the space it provides between the shoulders and the lower back. It's like air conditioning for your back. Great feature. I must say this pack is extremely strong too. I have used it on many hunting trips and have literally loaded it with over 100# of meat and packed that several miles with not a single issue. I always worried that I was overloading it but it hasn't failed me yet.
Great pack. Not sure why MH discontinued this design.
Source: bought it new
Price Paid: $300
This is a very unique pack. I love mine. The design of the pack works great. The Maestro moves with the flow of your body.
I highly recommend this pack.
Price Paid: $175
I want to give this pack more than one star, I really do. My experience with Mountain Hardwear gear has always been very positive. I've purchased a fair amount of gear from them over the years and I've never been disappointed. With that in mind I bought this pack 2 years ago expecting the same.
Once I mastered the somewhat "non-intuitive" - definitely unconventional setup, it was extremely comfortable. I loved it on the trail, it was comfortable, stable, and gave me great range of motion. The bag itself is bulletproof as would be expected from MH.
The problem I have with it is in the adjustment mechanisms. They aren't at all up to par with the rest of the pack. The u-bar broke on the trail, leaving the pack miserably uncomfortable for the remainder of the trip. I tried to rig it up with 550 cord but it still left the bag way off balance.
To MH's credit, they honored the lifetime warranty without question or hassle, the staff was very helpful and friendly and I had it back within a couple of weeks. I never found the u-bar adjustment to be very practical in actual use, its cumbersome at best with its push button activation. There is a crude sort of pulley system to raise and lower the weight of the bag on the frame. I never felt it functioned very well. It wasn't very in smooth operation, the cord lock never held well, and the pieces that snapped to the u-bar to hold it in place popped off constantly. Ultimately the cord broke at the pull ring under a 40lb load.
Another minor issue that came to drive me nuts was the velcro attachment at the top of the frame to hold the u-bar on. It constantly pulled loose and was a pita to hook back up. I can live with the velcro for adjusting and holding the padding in place because it won't have to be changed once you find your sweet spot. But I'm not a fan of velcro for holding gear together. It just doesn't hold up well under under shear and time.
The bottom line to me was that the pack was 90% there. They went outside the box and I admire that, it can lead to great leaps in technology but they fell short on the details and it undermined the whole design. I think the u-bar and lift system were unnecessarily complex and poorly executed. With MH's reputation and price point - this should have been indestructible.
I was sad to see it go, I loved the comfort and had high hopes for this pack but I it and will go back to either another Gregory or an Osprey.
Would I recommend the MH pack? No.
Design: top load internal frame
Size: 3800ci
Max. Load Carried: 40-50lbs
Height of Owner: 5-10
Price Paid: $379
My wife and I have been avid day hikers for years and we finally decided to take our passion to the next level. We had no preconceived ideas about what a pack should be having never carried anything more than an 1800 Cu I daypack. After much research (including reviews on this website), we settled on these packs (my wife bought the Virtuosa pack).
After training with 25 lb dummy loads for a few weeks on a treadmill and local mountains, we hit the Presidential Range in NH's Whites with a little over 30lbs ea. We spent four days traveling 18 miles with a total of 8900 feet of elevation gain on some really tough trails (basically boulder hopping for a number of miles with steep ups and downs).
These packs worked extremely well. No shoulder aches, no back aches, no unstable loads as we hopped or stepped from rock to rock whether traveling up or down...in fact we hardly thought about the loads we carried. We love the fact that the pack sits off our backs allowing great ventilation. Also the harness is practically infinitely adjustable. By simply pulling on any of three sets of straps, we could adjust the pack to fit the terrain we were walking on as we hiked.
And did I mention that the pack pivots at the waist belt? You can even adjust the amount of the pivot! Perfect for scrambling up steep slopes.
The only knock is that the external water bottle pocket is really hard to reach and is a bit clumsy. You are better off using an internal hydration pack (which it is set up to do). We actually gave three short seminars on the trail to inquistitive hikers asking about the design. To a person they all understood the benefits of the design when we pointed them out. A number of sales people we talked to weren't sure about the design. We are so glad we went with our own intuition.
Consider this pack the I-Pod of backpacks. Most people didn't understand what an I-Pod was capable of either when they came out. Now people can't live without them. We highly recommend these packs.
Design: Top Loading, Hybrid Frame
Size: 4000 ci
Number of Pockets: 4
Max. Load Carried: 31 lbs
Height of Owner: 6'
Price Paid: $313.65


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The Silk Road Kitchen combines a Café (the Silk Road Café), a cookery school and an outside catering company.
You will find The Silk Road Café on the ground floor in the Museum of The Chester Beatty Library, Dublin Castle, Dublin 2.
Our other businesses are located in Unit 12, K.C.R. Industrial Estate, Kimmage, Dublin 12. From here we run Irelands first Middle Eastern & Mediterranean Cookery School, with proprietor and chef, Abraham Phelan as the force major.

subset: commoncrawl


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Katie Beers' captor John Esposito found dead at Sing Sing
Katie Beers says she reacted with little emotion to the news that the man who held her captive in a Bay Shore bunker 20 years ago is dead. But in her heart she's forgiven him.
John Esposito was found dead in his cell at Sing Sing prison in Ossining, N.Y., Wednesday afternoon -- hours after appearing in front of the state parole board, a prison spokesman said.
His death is under investigation, but it did not appear to be suspicious, said state Department of Corrections spokesman Tom Mailey.
A correction officer found Esposito, 64, unresponsive and "not breathing," Mailey said.
In a phone interview with Newsday Thursday, Beers, 30, said she has been steeling herself for years for one of two outcomes: her captor's release from prison, or his death behind bars.
"I have no emotion, except I can close that chapter in my life," said Beers, who is married with two children and living in Pennsylvania. "Now I don't have to worry there's a chance he's going to get out."
Beers said she forgave Esposito shortly after her rescue, but reconsidered that years later after learning that he had denied beating and sexually abusing her during the 17 days he held her captive in an underground dungeon in 1992.
"I thought, 'How can I forgive a man who can't even admit what he did to me?' " she said. "But then I remembered that forgiveness isn't about the other person; it's about you. You can forgive someone and not forget what they did. I can't believe I lost sight of that."
It wasn't until this year, Beers said, that she came to terms with how she felt about her tormentor.
Earlier this year, Beers released a memoir of her experience, "Buried Memories," which she wrote with WCBS-TV reporter Carolyn Gusoff.
Gusoff said in an email, "It was disappointing to both Katie and me that John Esposito refused repeated requests to be interviewed for our book . . . It was an opportunity for him to face up to his past actions. Sadly, he died in denial."
Beers said the parole board called her shortly after 5 p.m. Wednesday to inform her of Esposito's death. She did not attend the parole hearing that morning, but said she will request a transcript.
Correction officials did not know whether the parole board had reached a decision on whether to keep Esposito in prison. Attempts to reach board members were unsuccessful.
Beers called it "an odd coincidence" that Esposito died less than 24 hours after another notorious kidnapper took his life in prison. Ariel Castro, 53, serving a life sentence for imprisoning three women in his Cleveland home for a decade, hanged himself in his cell Tuesday night.
On her Facebook page, Beers wrote: "Within 24 hours, we have lost 2 monsters -- Ariel Castro, who committed suicide; and John Esposito, who has died of unknown reasons."
At Esposito's 1994 trial, Suffolk prosecutors said Esposito sexually abused Beers repeatedly during her captivity. In a plea agreement, Esposito pleaded guilty to kidnapping charges in exchange for a 15 years-to-life sentence, but he has denied raping Beers.
Beers has said that surviving her imprisonment ultimately freed her from a childhood in which she endured neglect and sexual abuse at the hands of the adults who were supposed to protect her. "Being abducted was probably one of the best things that could have happened to me in my life," she said.
Her nationally publicized rescue on Jan. 13, 1993, she said, opened the door to a new life with a loving foster family in East Hampton -- one that allowed her to play "like any other kid."
One day, Beers told Newsday earlier this year, she will tell her young children about the horrors she endured. In the meantime, she is giving them the innocence she was denied.


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We're back from a long break, and we have quite a pile of giveaways this week...enjoy! Thanks to Dolphin Tale 2, Give Him 5, Jen Norton Art Studio, and all the publishers who keep my giveaway shelf stocked for sponsoring this week's giveaway!
This week's giveaway:
Dolphin Tale 2 Prize Pack
This prize pack includes:
- 2 Movie Money Dolphin Tale 2 Tickets
- 2 Dolphin Tale 2 Dog Tags
- 2 Dolphin Tale 2 Ombre T Shirts
- 4 Purple Dolphin Tale 2 Rubber Bracelets
Prayer Bag from Give Him 5
Kit includes:
- 5-minute Sand Timer
- Give Him 5 Pocket Cross
- Give Him 5 Scroll (Explanation of Give Him 5)
- Two Give Him 5 Cards (one to save and one to give away)
- 4 x 6 inch Muslin Carry Bag
Hail Mary Print from Jen Norton
My Hail Mary painting features the traditional Catholic Hail Mary prayer, inspired by the passages in the Gospel of Luke. It is painted in a colorful Southwestern folk style and features the text of the prayer around and within the form of Mary. My art prints are created in my studio using an Epson Stylus Photo R3000 with pigmented inks on Canson Infinity Edition Etching Rag. The matted version includes an archival white matting and backing to easily fit an 11 x 14" frame size. Prints are open editions. All images are © Jen Norton and may not be reproduced without a written agreement. Watermarks will not appear on final art.
A Big Ol' Pile of Books
We have one copy of each of these books to give away...and it's quite a selection!
Classroom Management for Catechists, by Jennifer Fitz
For catechists, sometimes learning to manage the class can be as critical as the lessons themselves. Classroom Management for Catechists provides detailed, step-by-step methods for catechists on how to manage classroom behavior with love and grace. Catechists learn the time-tested methods for classroom discipline used by professional educators, but applied specifically to the particular challenges of the parish religious education setting.
Educators often agree that learning to manage a classroom full of young people is no small task. This book is unique in that it teaches catechists how to think through their approach to classroom management, how to assess new situations, and how to choose the right tools to solve problems as they arise. By developing skills rather than memorizing tips, catechists can be confident of their ability to respond to the changing needs of their students.
Mothers Forever, Fathers Forever, by Linda Kracht
All parents want to do what's right by their children. That's the one common link between parents regardless of different religion, ethnicity or worldview. For too long, parents have been told that it takes a village to raise a child; but it doesn't. This saying rubs up against the long held catholic principle of subsidiarity for families; many parents do not even know what the latter involves or means.
Mothers Forever, Fathers Forever offers a fresh perspective on parenthood and its unique responsibilities and obligations. The book is guaranteed to surprise, challenge, reassure and fortify the reader. Mothers Forever, Fathers Forever asks parents to be revolutionaries; to swim against the tide.
Ceremony of Innocence: A Novel, by Dorothy Cummings McLean
Riots. Terrorist attacks. Neo-Nazi violence.
In modern-day Germany, journalist Catriona McClelland has seen it all while covering the contemporary European scene for a Catholic news organization. Keeping herself above the political fray in her professional life, she has also managed to keep herself from personal entanglements-still hurt from the wounds of a broken relationship. Things come to a head when her boyfriend Dennis, frustrated with a lack of commitment, leaves her for Suzy Davis, an idealistic young Canadian who is involved with a left-wing protest movement. But when Suzy is murdered... who is complicit and who is innocent?
Ripped from the headlines, Ceremony of Innocence is a very contemporary novel of Europe on the edge of social breakdown. Train stations are bombed and migrants targeted for violence as journalists and other tastemakers watch from their positions of privilege.
Dorothy Cummings McLean's realistic narrative does not describe the feats of heroes. Rather, it unnervingly lays bare the way religious faith and moral reasoning can be easily manipulated and compromised.
Everywhere in Chains: A Novel, by James Casper
This highly thought-provoking, sometimes amusing and always life-affirming novel illustrates one family's experiences with America's criminal justice system. As Penelope searches for the truth about her father, she rattles the skeletons in her family's closet and shakes up the complacency of her community, which has tried to sweep the past under the rug. With both perception and compassion, the author creates a colorful cast of characters while challenging the wisdom of imprisoning the mentally ill.
On the cusp of adulthood, Penelope begins to understand that she has grown-up in a web of silence. The denial in her family and small Minnesota hometown is so thick that she does not know how to cut through it, that is, until she begins a seemingly innocuous pen-pal correspondence with someone in another town. Little by little, Penelope unravels the secrets meant to protect her from the truth. She proves herself to be stronger and wiser than anyone could have predicted and leads the way to healing.
In the lives and interactions of the major characters in this story explores the sprawling psychological geography of America's criminal justice system and its profound effect on everyone it touches, even its most ardent proponents. While dealing with a serious, challenging subject, this book is also filled with warmth and likeable characters. The odyssey of Penelope concludes on a faith-affirming note with a parade of surprising revelations.
Scripture - God's Handbook for Evangelizing Catholics, by Stephen Binz
If you believe in the transformative power of Scripture in your life, imagine what it can do for others around you!
Scripture scholar Stephen Binz has spent the past 30 years working to help Catholics with the "frequent reading" of Scripture through the ancient movements of lectio divina -- listening, meditating, praying, contemplating the Word and witnessing to it. That means reading the Bible fully expecting the Holy Spirit to illuminate the passage we read.
Now in Scripture-God's Handbook for Evangelizing Catholics he brings to light the power of scripture to not only renew our lives, but make us living witnesses of the Gospel. Inspired and influenced by Pope John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI, and Pope Francis, Binz shows us the indissoluble connection between their call to New Evangelization and its necessary connection to the Word of God.
Every chapter brings you closer to Christ and closer to His Word as you:
- Grasp the importance of recovering the evangelical dimension of Catholicism
- Discover the "hero evangelizers" in Scripture and history
- Learn to read the Bible as an evangelizing Catholic
- Understand the key link between lectio divina and the New Evangelizatiion
- Identify the obstacles to hearing and witnessing to God's Word today
- Understand the role of Mary, the Star of the New Evangelization
Through Stephen's approachable but thorough coverage of the topic, you'll be prepared to share with the world your joy in the Lord!
Answers: Catholic Advice for Your Spiritual Questions, by Fr. Bartunek
Those who sincerely seek to know God (and themselves) better often struggle to find answers to thoughtful and sometimes troubling questions about the spiritual life, including:
- Who is God?
- How can I know God's will in my life?
- Does God really hear me when I pray?
- Why is there so much suffering in the world today?
- What makes Catholicism different than other religions?
Father John Bartunek has spent much of his priesthood helping others understand what it means to have an authentic, personal relationship with God. A master communicator, he is able to make difficult truths understandable, while at the same time issuing a call to action. For those seeking real answers about prayer, spiritual growth, living in the world today, overcoming sin, and the distinctiveness of the Catholic faith, Fr. John's advice will speak to their souls and touch their heart.
Do Monkeys Go to Heaven? by John McCarthy, S.J.
Thoroughly perceptive and delightfully amusing, Do Monkeys Go to Heaven? invites us to consider the many natural wonders expressive of Gods abiding presence in creation. Removing the so-often-made distinction between secular and sacred, McCarthy takes us on a journey and ponders natures revelation of God and Gods boundless love of us, showing us the need for us to be both scientific and spiritual. You will be sure to grow in awe and wonder of Gods presence in creation and delve more deeply into your faith.
About the Author
Sarah Reinhard
When she's not chasing kids, chugging coffee, or juggling work, Sarah Reinhard's usually trying to stay up read just one…more…chapter. She writes and works in the midst of rural farm life with little ones underfoot. She is part of the team for the award-winning Catholic Mom's Prayer Companion, as well as the author of a number of books. You can join her for a weekday take on Catholic life by subscribing to Three Shots and follow her writing at Snoring Scholar.


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The prestige of a privileged land devoted to wine for more than two thousand years.
Rioja was the first Designation of Origin in Spain to earn Calificada status. This was in 1991.
A rigorous and effective control system makes Rioja synonymous with the highest quality.
'Best application in cultural and food tourism' at FITUR. Don't miss out!
Three production zones, each with a distinct personality: Rioja Alavesa, Rioja Alta and Rioja Orient
Certain to leave a mark on you. Wine is the connecting theme of all our routes.
Delve into the heart of our wines by knowing the history of our municipalities.
We tell you our stories and those of our wines.
An easy and simple way to download all the vintage tools.
Fernández Eguiluz, S.L., Bodegas on social networks
Are you planning a getaway? Choose the wineries you would like to visit in Rioja.
Subscribe to the newsletter
Receive our newsletter to be up to date with the Rioja and enjoy magnificent opportunities
Regulatory Council
C/ Estambrera 52, CP. 26006
Logroño (La Rioja) – España.
Tel. (34) 941 500 400
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Tests show plants, water affected by Rhythm & Booms
Ald. Weier suggests moving fireworks display
MADISON, Wis. — A test of plants near where Madison's annual Independence Day fireworks are fired shows elevated concentrations of undesirable elements, according to city officials.
City officials harvested plants at Warner Park before the 2012 Rhythm & Booms display and 23 days after. A draft report showed plants harvested after the display had maximum concentrations of aluminum, barium, cobalt, iron, magnesium and sulfur.
The author of the report is James P. Bennett, a member of the city of Madison's Committee on the Environment who recently retired from UW-Madison Institute of Environmental Studies. He said the perchlorate values were either at critical levels or nearing toxicity levels for plants.
In another report, city hydrogeologist Brynn Bemis said there was an increase in perchlorate in the lagoon's surface water after the fireworks.
Madison Ald. Anita Weier suggested the fireworks display be modified or moved away from a wetlands area.
"Perchlorate may have adverse health effects because ingestion can interfere with iodide uptake into the thyroid gland in mammals and aquatic vertebrates such as fish," she said.
Bemis recommended that all fireworks debris be cleaned up to avoid leaching or contaminants and that it might be best to use fireworks with little or no perchlorate.
The Madison Committee on Environment will consider the reports in March.
The tests were financed by the city of Madison and nonprofit Wild Warner.


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Ethos® Water Fund
It seems hard to imagine, but more than 1 billion people on our planet can't get clean water to drink.
Ethos® Water was created to help raise awareness about this terrible crisis and provide children with access to clean water. Every time you buy a bottle of Ethos® Water, you contribute $.05US ($.10CN in Canada) to the Ethos® Water Fund, part of the Starbucks Foundation. So far more than $12.3 million has been granted to help support water, sanitation and hygiene education programs in water-stressed countries – benefiting more than 500,000 people around the world. In 2014 grants were made to six NGOs in the following coffee-growing countries: Tanzania ($750K), Indonesia ($750K), Colombia ($1.1M), Guatemala ($480K) and Nicaragua ($300K).


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It happened yet again. As I was sitting at the table for dinner with my children, I noticed my daughter's hand fishing around under her skirt.
June 19, 2014
Sex Positive Parenting, or We Don't Touch Our Vulvas At The Table
It happened yet again. As I was sitting at the table for dinner with my children, I noticed my daughter's hand fishing around under her skirt.
71 comments:
Terrific article! I have boys... and boy do they touch their penises all the time! We talk a lot about "private time" in our house.ReplyDelete
Jennifer @ The Jenny EvolutionReplies
Please let me know if I'm mistaken- I've been under the impression pretty much forever that people sort of expect little boys to play with their penises, but get all freaked out when little girls do it!Delete
I'm glad you guys have a way to talk about it without body shaming! Who knew being a parent was going to be so personal? ;)
As a mom of two girls (and one boy), I was not at all freaked out when my younger daughter started touching herself down there. It's comforting! I understand that other parents or adults may get freaked out because it's the old double standard that sex is okay for boys but not girls (and of course touching at this age isn't even about sex). If we keep being sex-positive, we can fight back the double standard!Delete
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Ah, yes, we have had the old, that is for private, talk many a time at our house too! I have always been open and honest with my kids and the great thing is now that our oldest is 15 he does come to me with questions and concerns because he was never made to feel as if asking was a bad thing. I have always been amazed though that most blush inducing questions usually come at dinnertime while my mouth is full of ice tea or pasta. Or when I'm driving! Great piece!ReplyDeleteReplies
Why do they always want to talk about this stuff in the car?!?Delete
In the car - because they are alone with you, you can't get away, and you can't really look at them! Sometimes it is easier to discuss a difficult topic without having to look the other person in the eye. If my husband and I have something tough to discuss, we usually try to go for a walk together. Movement and lack of eye contact can make it easier to have tough conversations :)Delete
I have this conversation with my younger daughter all the time. I consider myself a very sex-positive parent as well (I have posts very similar to this one). It will get more difficult, but we just have to keep talking, and continue to be honest. Good on you!ReplyDeleteReplies
Thanks so much! And good on you too!!!!Delete
Slow f'n clap! Please teach us how to do the future talks, too!ReplyDeleteReplies
You've got my word.Delete
While the sex-positivity in this piece is wonderful, I think we also need to focus on removing heteronormativity from our conversations with kids about sex. We can't know for sure that your daughter will have a boyfriend, and when we talk about safe sex, using the word "contraceptives" interchangeably with the word "protection" is problematic. If our discussions about safe sex only mention heterosexual scenarios and pregnancy prevention, this leads to queer teens (and adults) not realizing how important it is for them to practice safe sex also. And even if your child turns out to be heterosexual, demystifying how queer people have sex and how they practice safe sex couldn't hurt ;)ReplyDeleteReplies
You're absolutely right. Thank you.Delete
I liked your essay. I try to take a similar approach with my kids (a boy and a girl). I do want to mention though, it's also okay to not lie to our kids about other things too. I tell them the history of Santa (and the tooth fairy, etc, etc.) And they know there is much mystery and magic in the world. I also let them know that we won't have Mac and Cheese AGAIN tonight, but they can help me make a menu plan for the week so we can help everyone enjoy meals while also being healthy. I do not lie to my kids a lot, in fact I try not to lie to them at all. It has not been a problem so far :)ReplyDeleteReplies
I feel totally trapped into a lot of the lies- Santa and whatnot. Being in an interfaith marriage, I feel like I would be disrespecting my husband and his beliefs by contradicting the Santa myth (or Easter Bunny, or lots of other things).Delete
Then, there's plenty of self preservation lies. "Sorry sweetie, we're all out of popsicles," often means, "There's only one and the three of you can't share it so it's mine!" Stuff like that.
I've also told them that eating their vegetables will turn them into unicorns (don't know why it worked to get them to eat their veggies, but there you have it!), that NOBODY eats ring pops inside the house, that I mailed reams of hastily scribbled pictures to all their aunts and uncles and grandparents... it's dishonest, and I have a lot of guilt over it. But they're all under five years old. They're relationship with reality is tenuous enough that bending the truth or even outright breaking it in order to keep things running smoothly seems like the lesser of two evils. Most of the time.
I understand how you might feel trapped into a harmless lie, we all know how hard it is to keep things running smoothly. My concern is this; even the smallest lie can give your kids a reason to doubt your honesty. Will they be able to reason that you would never lie about something important, or will they take all this positive teaching as just something moms say?Delete
I hope as they get older, the level of honesty in the house will continue to grow. Already I can be more direct with my preschoolers than I could when they were toddlers. Hopefully by the time they hit puberty, lying will be completely a thing of the past.Delete
I agree completely. I think total honesty makes a parent more trustworthy.Delete
In my world, Chuck E. Cheese is closed a LOT. ;) but I try not to lie very oftenDelete
My husband started greatly distrusting his parents when he found out they were lying about Santa Claus. I on the other hand figured out my parents were lying but I pretended I didn't know better because I thought I wouldn't get any presents if they knew I knew. I think it depends on the personalities of your children.Delete
I love how straightforward you are about this! I'm not a parent yet, but I hope I can be as candid and honest with my children when I am. When I taught preschool, small children would touch themselves all the time and I would say similar things ("If you'd like to do that, you need to go into the bathroom where it's private."). I'm not sure how their parents felt about it, but I promise that most little kids will do it whether you address it or not, and it can get really awkward when they're touching themselves in the middle of a classroom. Anyway, great article.ReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you! And thank you for being an awesome preschool teacher! The world needs more. :)Delete
This is how I raised my children. As adults they thanked me for never having made them feel ashamed about their bodies.ReplyDeleteReplies
I thank you as well. :)Delete
This is how I raised my children. As adults they thanked me for never having made them feel ashamed about their bodies.ReplyDelete
Hats off to you, Mama. Too many parents are afraid of this conversation. How else are we going to instill a secure sense of sexuality in our children if we don't talk about it. And good for you for scolding the where of the vulva playing, and not the playing itself :) GREAT piece, Lea! ~StephReplyDeleteReplies
Thanks, Steph! I agree- too many parents are afraid. There's nothing to be scared of! We all have bodies- exploring them is only natural. Boundaries- that's what we need to focus on. :)Delete
- AnonymousJune 22, 2014 at 9:29 PM
This is so well thought out and written. Although my daughter is only 18 months old, I'm already thinking about the future and how we are going to deal with this. You've put into words what I've been searching for. Thank you for sharing your experience. (Stopping by from the Motivational Monday Link Party.)ReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you so much for stopping by!! I'm glad this post helped! It's never too early to emotionally steel yourself for awkwardness. ;)Delete
I needed to read this. I was raised with fear on top of being molested and later, date-raped. I still cringe when the topic of sex comes up with my kids, ages 8 and 4. I gotta get a handle on this shiz.ReplyDeleteReplies
I'm so sorry. I worry a lot about what could happen to my children when it comes to sexual assault- nearly every woman has a story, and I want my daughters to be the exception. I know where you're coming from, and it's so painful. I hope this helps, and I hope talking with your kids about consent helps you heal, too.Delete
OH I have been having this conversation with my toddler lately. The when and where. Although when I first noticed her doing it I thought she was itching so I asked her if it itched. Now she's sure to tell me that she's itching whenever I see her at it. Either she is relieved to have an "excuse" or she must think I thought she was doing something she shouldn't. I think next time I might try a more frank conversation about how it's not a bad thing, but it still needs to be done privately.ReplyDelete
Thank, Lea, for such a wonderfully thorough and honest POV.Replies
It's also possible that maybe "itch" is a sensation she hasn't really put a word to? It's really hard to convey a name for the way things feel. Good luck with that conversation! It sounds like you've definitely got a handle on it. :)Delete
Great article!! I shall bring comfort to my children's bodies to.ReplyDelete
I have a 3 year old daughter and I knew eventually she is going to start being curious and it terrified me because I never had "the talk with my parents. I grew up learning everything on my own so years after sexual abuse I met my ex husband but because I didn't think about our relationship just being lust we got married and I got pregnant. But now because of your article I am in tears thinking that I might have a chance to save her from the pain and heartache that I went through until I learned what love really is. I can not even begin to thank you enough for opening my eyes to the honest truth. Thank Thank you so much.ReplyDeleteReplies
Thank you so much *Delete
You're welcome. And thank you for telling me your story. I'm so glad you're in a loving place now, and I hope this helps you with your daughter. <3Delete
Its a very important thing for me to get her to understand what is ok so now that I have a concept that I can talk to her at this age is very comforting.Delete
WOW this was powerful. Sharing!ReplyDelete
Standing ovation. I'm very, very much in agreement. We use anatomically correct terms (or nearly so, I do say bottom for butt, though I use anus when I mean anus). I never tell them not to fondle themselves, because, and I'm clear, it's their body to fondle as they wish. But, I also discourage my son and daughters from, say, touching their gentials while bathing together---privacy is a good thing.ReplyDelete
However, I have only recently been asked to explain how a the sperm gets into a woman's body, and it was in mixed company with my kids, ages 5, 6, 6, and 9. I was not ready to tackle the question in the mixed group. I told my oldest we could talk separately. Not because I don't want to tell her, but because I want them to have my attention so that I can answer the question each one might ask, which is not always the same for each of my kids.
Beyond that, I needed to answer the question for myself. I haven't always had a healthy relationship with sex and intimacy, and I want to be sure that I can carry the same, as you say, "sex positive" approach I've encouraged so far. It's just as important to me that I comb out my own insecurities before passing on my thoughts about sex---the just-the-facts physical manifestation and it's emotional, social, and health responsibilities---as it is that I answer them honestly.
Next time I speak with my kids, I'll remember this piece. You've written so well on this subject; I appreciate thinking that you're with, metaphorically, on this one.Replies
Thank you so much for coming by and commenting! That's definitely the least comfortable part- how the sperm gets in. (Well, "comfortable" depends on the circumstances...) I wish you all the luck in the world! And I do recommend those books- "Where Did I Come From?" in particular. You might also want to check out its counterpart on puberty- "What's Happening To Me?" They're both so educational, so honest, and it's incredibly helpful to have an illustrated script for this sort of thing.Delete
This is fabulous! Thank you! My mother raised me this way and I'm so thankful for it. When I had my daughter almost 13 years ago, I made the choice to be a sex positive parent as well. I've noticed over the years that my friends who were not raised this way have many issues with self image, their bodies, sex, orgasms, relationships, etc... It really does make a difference. Oh and thanks for the deep belly laughs while reading this. :-)ReplyDeleteReplies
So glad you liked it!!!Delete
I have a friend who used the bedrooms-and-bathroom rule to great success in her house.ReplyDelete
I might suggest that you drop the idea of virginity entirely. The idea that people become different kinds of humans whether they've had sex or not adds a lot to anxiety and body shame and very little of value. And of course, there's no physical or biological phenomenon to back it up. All such attempts (like the hymen-as-virginity) have as many false positives as false negatives. Consider teaching them that whether they've had sex or not has no bearing at all on who they are or what they're worth, and any partner who disagrees is probably a jerk anyway. As you say, sex is a thing that happens--mommy isn't sullied or impure or grown-up for having sex, and they won't be either.Replies
I agree- I don't hold any kind of premium to virginity. Never have, never will. I mostly included that line for humor's sake, but you're right. Jokes like that can teach unintentional lessons, and I'll try not to make them in the future. Thank you.Delete
- AnonymousJuly 29, 2014 at 9:24 PM
"I don't get to tell my daughters they have to have sex, but I also don't get to tell them they can't. They're in charge. Your body, your decision."ReplyDelete
And if you were to apply this standard to the rest of parenting, it would become clear it's totally unworkable and idiotic. Forget vaccines—your body, your decision. Forget parental control of eating—your body, your decision.
Try parenting instead of going for lib cred...if your kids aren't a lost cause already.Replies
I don't think she's telling them that they have complete control over their body right now....she's not saying they can choose to have sex or not NOW...she's giving them age appropriate control. As they get older they will understand the concept because she has laid the groundwork. Some things kids don't have control over, like getting shots, or taking medicine when they are sick, but there are lots of things they do have control over, it's our job as parents to teach them that. It's all about age appropriateness and making communication an important, ongoing, and comfortable experience between parents and their kids.Delete
Congratulations J! You were just introduced to autonomy. Freedom. Even for children. And it works. Quite well~and helps children to be better suited to be well adjusted, independent and smart kids who can navigate an often negative world :)Delete
How is this an idiotic statement? I believe that this is a strong statement and a good value for her to teach her children. This knowledge will stimulate their minds in a positive way instead of a negative way. The way you raise your children does make a difference with how they progress in life, if you are negative about everything then your child will be afraid to do try anything out of the negative memory that you as a parent have created for them. She is being positive with sex, and I am sure she is being positive with all other aspects of parenting. Her children will be bound to make mistakes, but they will have positive reinforcement rather than negative reinforcement. I am glad they have her as mother and I wouldReplyDelete
love to see how her children compare to children who were raised in a negative environment where every major and minor thing is bad. There will be a world of difference with their health, happiness, success, stability, security, etc.. I do believe that your comment was tactless but thank you for making it.
- AnonymousJuly 30, 2014 at 5:23 PM
If you do tell kids about these things, how do you stop them from telling other kids -- or other adults -- "Daddy showed me about how penises work." or something else that could bring Child Protective Services to the door? Given that kids' appropriateness filters are still developing?ReplyDelete
Sorry, one more anecdote for you. :)ReplyDelete
At the start of summer, my 13yo stepdaughter's mom bought her her very first bikini. Her dad and I were not ready to leave the tankini stage, but she was SO excited about this cute bikini that we decided to just support her wearing it instead. Well, a week later, two photos popped up on my instagram feed. It was my stepdaughter, in her bikini, posing and strutting... looking sexy. At first, I panicked. There were comments on these photos from boys and I was feeling freaked out! However, I didn't post anything or call her or react... I just held off till the following week when she came to my house. I found a moment when my husband was out of the house and I sat with my stepdaughter on the floor of her room and started the conversation with, "I know how much you love your bikini, hun, and while I might be uncomfortable with you showing that much skin, if you've made the decision to go bikini, then go bikini! However, with great power comes great responsibility. You know those photos you posted on instagram? Do you realize you look really sexy in them?" She pulled such a face! She was shocked! I told her if she was ready to be "sexy" and try and attract attention, then we needed to talk seriously about self defense and protection. Then she went from shocked to thoughtful. She said she wasn't ready to be sexy, she was just trying to be cute. I asked her how many of the 347 followers on instagram she actually knew and she said "maybe half?" We talked about how she was showing off her sexy side to over 100 strangers. In the end, we had a great conversation about the boys she liked, how she wasn't ready for sex, how I would prefer she have sex under my roof when down the road when she is ready and she finds a partner who is ready and committed too, etc, and you know what? There have been no other sexy pics on instagram or anywhere else since. She respected me through the whole process and I respect her SO much for being able to recognize the point I was making and make a good choice for herself.Replies
You clearly have your stepdaughter's best intentions in mind. It's wonderful that you have the kind of relationship with her that you can talk about that kind of stuff with her. I know I did not with my parent's partner back then. It's also clear that you love her a lot. I think that's really special.Delete
But I had such a horrible reaction to your story. In fact, it made me physically flinch and start feeling automatically defensive. I would have exploded at my own mother if she'd said those things to me, which is one way I can tell that you and your stepdaughter have a great relationship-because she listened to you.
I saw some undercurrents in your conversation, some unspoken messages that you may or may not have intended. I don't intend to offend or tell you how to raise or talk to your daughter, so feel free to ignore me. But I would like to share what I heard underneath.
I heard that by simply existing as a woman, a woman is sexualized. That showing skin is an invitation for sexual advances, abuse, and, given her age, pedophilia. It sounded like women aren't allowed to be sexy and girls aren't allowed to be cute because if so we must be doing it for males' attention and we should at least expect to be objectified. It as an underflavor of victim blaming, and suggests that it is a woman's responsibility to protect herself from and prevent rape by policing her body and her clothes and how she walks and poses.
I don't think that at ALL what you were trying to say to her. The world is full of creeps who will try to take advantage of her. That's the truth and it's only fair to prepare her for that reality. But I wonder...if she became the victim of rape of assault after having that talk with you, would she conclude it was BECAUSE she was wearing a bikini? That is the unintended implication I heard behind the words you lovingly spoke to her.
Maybe you'll conclude no further conversation is necessary, and forget this message (which is fine), but it might be worth a second conversation to clarify that simply BEING, and even intentionally being sexy is NOT an invitation forsexual advances, nor is it an excuse for inappropriate attention or abuse. You just wanted to prepare her to deal with what the world will, eventually, throw att her (even if she wears a full burka).
Best wishes with your daughter and keep up the good parenting :)
- AnonymousJuly 31, 2014 at 10:05 AM
Dear Becoming Supermommy,ReplyDelete
I just finished reading your story, and I'm in tears. I've laughed and smiled too; your text stirred so many emotions. I couldn't agree more with what you wrote. It has everything I wish to be able to tell my son someday.
I'm looking at my 4-months-old, lying next to me, sound asleep, so peaceful and quiet. He seems like a happy baby, so far, and I really, really want to keep doing my best in order to raise a happy, strong and confident human being.
But you see, the sex part in particular is not going to be easy. My sweet, adorable little boy is the son of an ex-prostitute and of a pornography addict who used to see prostitutes. Quite a 'parental history' to overcome…
Both my husband and I, together and separately, have worked on ourselves and on our respective behaviours A LOT since those days when we used to meet in hotel rooms. And this is not to blame all our bad choices on our parents, but I strongly believe the way we were raised did not help at all. On my end, I have been taught… well, as a child and teenager, I had not been taught much about sex actually; so I came to believe (don't ask me why), that having sex with a man was the only way to become a 'valuable' person, and that having sex with as many men as possible was the best way to become more valuable. I even decided to attach a price-tag to it, just to make things real clear.
I don't want my son to treat women like I have been treated. And I don't want him to feel bad just because he is a man too. I want him to be respectful, and kind, and open; and I wish for him to find a like-minded partner, who will love him and respect him.
I don't think he will ever know the true story of how his parents met, my story. I don't think he should either. My husband and I are not there anymore. The only thing that matters now is that we've found each other, and we're so lucky we did, because not everyone gets to find that kind of love in life.
But most important, I don't want my story to affect my son. I don't want what I've lived to tint the way I raise him. It is not going to be easy. I am going to need to keep questioning myself, and get help, and tools. Your text is one of them. A very powerful one, to which I'll keep referring to as years go by.
Thank you.
How old is your daughter? Mine is almost 2, she has always played with herself and I've always let her. She also does it in the living room and she is only told to stop when we have people over. Due to the set up of my flat, it would not be safe for me to leave her alone in the bedroom. Should I start teaching her the privacy thing? And how would I do this without leaving her by herself? Thanks xReplyDeleteReplies
Mine are 5, 5, and 2.5 now. I definitely think it's never too early to establish privacy boundaries, especially when it comes to her genitals. That said, if it's not safe to leave her unattended, set up more flexible boundaries. Bath time, for example, is a fine opportunity for her to explore her body.Delete
As I was sitting at the table for dinner with my children, I noticed my daughter's ... tabletstoddlers.blogspot.comReplyDelete
I've moved on to you wouldn't get clogged tear duct infections if you didn't always have your hand down your pants. I'm hoping the painful eye will make a difference, but this our third round. Not quite successful.ReplyDelete
"We don't play with our vulvas at the table. Go wash your hands and finish your food," I scolded. She nodded, ran off to wash her hands, and ... ikitchentablessets.blogspot.comReplyDelete
- AnonymousDecember 18, 2014 at 7:44 PM
Inspiring article! Keep up the good work!ReplyDelete
Thank you for sharing! As I have a little boy I am sure this will be coming up before I know it.ReplyDelete
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My mother tried to raise me this way too, for which I'm infinity grateful. But her parents instilled a lot of shame in her about her body and her exploration thereof when she was growing up. She still had some of that baggage when she was trying to be sex positive to me, and it bleeds through. Kids can always see right through to the truth at your core, can't they? I picked up on the tenseness in her shoulders, the shadow of shame behind her eyes, even while she was speaking sex positively to me. We HAVE to remove the shame and guilt from ourselves first, or I think we risk passing it on, despite our best intentions.ReplyDelete
I love you. I absolutely believe that people like you are helping save the world. My parents were pretty honest with me, but I think where they dropped the ball was "when two people love each other very very much more than anything." I don't remember ever touching anything as a child, and I remember a lot, so now I'm wondering about that. But seriously, we need more parents like you. I'm so glad you exist, and that your kids are now part of this world's future.ReplyDelete
it's a long and bottomless battle, we want to protect our daughter, I feel youReplyDelete
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text:
It's a beautiful day for democracy and civil participation. Today, we witnessed the results of a democratic process to elect a common leader, and we simultaneously celebrate the life of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
This is everything that is good about the United States. But don't worry — some gamers are trying to ruin it.
A new petition on WhiteHouse.gov asks President Barack Obama to take time away from dealing with important issues foreign and domestic to deal with the most important issue of all: The removal of Capcom's DmC: Devil May Cry from store shelves.
Here's a real petition that someone thought was OK to actually call on the White House to respond to:
Dear Mr. Obama: As a consumer to the video game industry there is one video game that has caused a lot of controversy over the past few months.
The name of the game is DmC: Devil May Cry made by Ninja Theory and Capcom. A majority of gamers are aggravated that this game has changed so much from its past predecessors and the game actually insults the consumers in-game.
We, as consumers did not want nor need this reboot and we believe it violates our rights to have a choice between the originals or the reboot. This game is violating our rights as a consumer and we believe it should be pulled off shelves from game stores due to it's insulting nature and the fact that it violates our rights.
Please Mr. Obama, look into your heart and make the decision that will please us gamers.
As I watched Obama at his second inauguration give a speech about how we are all the same, I believed in democracy. I'm glad that this petition was able to bring me back crashing to Earth.
Yes, DmC: Devil May Cry has upset some longtime fans of the series. They have bombarded Metacritic with low user reviews despite the generally positive reception from professional critics.
As you may know, the White House provided an online petition platform where people can ask the president and his staff to address a certain issue if the petition receives enough signatures.
This important movement will require 100,000 signatures before the president will address it. It currently has nearly a dozen.
I'm just glad that we have a group of gamers who are so engaged in civics. They know that Capcom is trampling their rights by making a game they don't have to buy, and they're not gonna do nothing about it — cause that would actually solve their problem. Y'know … if they just didn't think about the game, they wouldn't be in this situation. And that's not right!
When Obama started this petitions initiative, the barrier to receive an official response was 5,000 signatures. Thankfully, he recently raised it to the 100,000 number.
Imagine if the White House actually had to acknowledge this. Why are other gamers trying to make me embarrassed of my hobby?
Eff it all to hell.


text:
Hospitality Recruitment Helps People Find JobsMatt has been incredibly helpful in the job search process. First, he performed a detailed interview on his behalf to help build a resume that represented my years of achievement but also was designed for what employers are looking for. Next , he spent quality time preparing me for the interview process by providing backgrounds through "linkedin"about the individuals I would be speaking with along with much information on the company. Matt checked in with me on a weekly basis and kept me "in the loop" on the status of the interview process. Last, Matt provided the communication needed to know where I stood during all phases of the process by following up with Clean Plate and myself. I highly recommend Matt Lopez and Patrice & Associates - they truly care! Kamus McNair I highly recommend Matt Lopez and Patrice & Associates - they truly care!
Hospitality Recruitment for a GREAT Client!
I wanted to share both a picture and account of my visit to the Bavarian Inn this past weekend- my BEST client- and partner- Imelda Leix.
I'll try to keep this brief- but the short story is that when corporate called and asked me to take on Bavarian Inn as a client, I was excited as this is a hotel that holds a deep meaning for my family – having gone there as a child with my parents- and then bringing my own children when they were little and now. We've always enjoyed everything about the Bavarian Inn and Frankenmuth.
So as I began working with Imelda and team, I already had a passion for helping find the best possible people for her and the Inn, and as we fast forward through our working relationship, it goes without saying that Imelda has been the most communicative partner regarding the candidates we've worked through of any client I work with. Based on the foundation of that communication, we've worked together to help 3 candidates get hired at the Bavarian Inn over the past several months, all 3 of whom I got the opportunity to personally speak with and hear about the their positive experiences so far working for Bavarian Inn the past couple of days.
Also over the weekend I was given a tour of the entire facility and holdings so I could better understand the scope of their needs and reach, as well as hear about the characteristics and caliber of the people that work for them- much like Imelda, who has worked for the Bavarian Inn for 40 years!
Really just wanted to share this because I'm in a grateful and committed state of mind to help amazing clients like Imelda and Bavarian Inn!Doug Lockwood Grand Rapids Franchisee Hospitality Recruitment for a GREAT Client!
I am very happy to be partnered with Patrice and Associates. You and your team have given us some very good candidates and I look forward to working together in 2019!
Matt Thatcher, Human Resources
I met Bruce Leininger during a reference check he was performing on an admired associate. He was just so thorough and professional, and he listened. He genuinely wanted to discover what made his client tick. Afterwards, I asked him to represent me in my job search and we began a similar relationship. He contacted numerous references, all of them impressed by his ethic. My needs were area specific, as family was my reason to change my career so late in life, Bruce remained engaged and professional in what turned into a 3 month search. He reached out several times per week and seemed available at almost all times. He offered reminders about interview technique and updates/links to potential employers, to improve my preparedness. What a kind gentleman, I highly recommend utilizing his services. Jim McGinnis City BBQ Bruce genuinely wanted to discover what made his client tick.
It has been a pleasure working with Jay Gray, Owner with Patrice & Associates. We're a small business that's rapidly growing and they have consistently worked hard and have provided quick results. It's taken the hiring stress off of us, so we have more time to focus on other important aspects of our business. They are on top of everything, and we can always depend on them to answer our calls, questions, and provide meaningful feedback. It has been a pleasure working with Jay Gray, he has taken the hiring stress off of us.


text:
Hypervisors a no-op for GPLv3 compliance
There's been a whitepaper making the rounds recently which discusses how a vendor can use virtualization to comply with GPLv3's anti-tivoization requirements, while keeping separate proprietary software locked down. Unfortunately, the headlines have had their usual sensationalist slant: "Can hypervisors circumvent GPLv3's 'anti-tivoization' clause?" they ask.
That's a pretty easy question. The answer is no.
GPLv3's anti-tivoization terms aren't quite as broad as some people apparently think they are. The license doesn't require that users have permission to modify all the software on the device; they only need to be able to modify the code covered by GPLv3 or LGPLv3. It wouldn't have made much sense for us to require anything else: even if we said that you should be allowed to modify all the software on the device, that doesn't help you much when you can't get the source for the proprietary programs.
So, the fact that GPLv3 allows you to tivoize proprietary software on devices isn't really news. Virtualization is one way you could do it, but it's not the only way. Anybody pushing a particular solution is probably trying to sell something.


text:
Axe Valley Mission Community
Now we are part of the Axe Valley Mission Community here is a link to the website
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The latest Parish News can be downloaded as a PDF from this website.
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Due to the current situation with the covid19 the office is currently open on Monday & Friday mornings only. If you have a query please make contact via the email address.
1 Safeguarding is part of our core faith and an integral feature of Christian life in our parish churches.
2 Welfare of children, young people & vulnerable adults is at all times paramount and takes precedence over all other considerations
3 Diocesan Safeguarding Adviser MUST be consulted whenever a safeguarding concern of any kind arises in your parish
Further information regarding Safeguarding can be found on this website and in the church office.
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Worship at Uplyme Church Regular communal worship provides an opportunity for us to meet with God, worship together and find fellowship. We aim to provide regular communal worship in a variety of styles which are relevant to those around us. Our worship involves, and is often lead, by a team of church members.
10am Morning Worship Is relatively informal, contemporary and inclusive. We use uncomplicated, modern liturgy and a wide range of hymns and songs. Children are always welcome and we run Junior Church, in the most weeks of term time, in the upstairs area of church. Communion is usually on the first and third Sundays of the month.
Café Worship Takes place at 10.00am on the last Sunday of the month. It is a simple, informal worship service, with dvds or films, activities for all ages, discussion groups, songs and prayers. As the name suggests, refreshments are served beforehand and throughout.
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text:
0*F this morning when I set off, but it was a sweltering 3*F downtown once I arrived.
After seeing that there was almost no wind to speak of, I decided to go for it this morning, and my clothing choices were only slightly off. I need some wool gear. My cotton hoodie was collecting moisture in my arms and back, and was starting to frost over on the outside. It looked like it'd been snowing on me once I pulled the windbreaker off. I stayed plenty warm, except my eyes and toes. Heavily fogged and freezing over, I decided that vision trumped comfort. Tears started flowing almost immediately and I had to brush ice crystals off of my eyelashes every few minutes to keep my eyes from freezing shut. No, I didn't get photos of my frozen eyelashes. As far as toes go, I had 3 layers of socks with the plastic bag next to the outermost layer. I was getting uncomfortable by the time I got downtown, but a half hour more would have probably done my toes in.
I filled my Polar bottle with lukewarm water, and it stayed not only liquid, but pleasantly drinkable, probably between 60 and 65 degrees. Especially after having my teeth worked on, they're very sensitive to ice-cold liquids. I drank more than half the bottle on the way in, and just took it easy. New personal record for temperatures, and The Twelve took it nicely, and made the ride not only more enjoyable, but quite a bit faster as well.
Random Tunage:
Ryan Farish - Legacy
Dave Matthews Band - Crash
Monday, December 22, 2008
Icicle Eyelashes
0*F this morning when I set off, but it was a sweltering 3*F downtown once I arrived.
11 comments:
- Apertome said...
Nice job, riding the whole way in those temperatures. I remember riding at 0 degrees last year and having the frozen eyelash problem too. It's a strange sensation.
- December 22, 2008 8:20 AM
- Sirrus Rider said...
Way to go Noah!
I was thinking about riding, but today is the company holiday Lunch and even though the restaurant is on the way I didn't want to leave my bike exposed that long. Plus I didn't want to be spotted by the brass swapping on my clothes over my cycling gear. Plus, it was a frosty 34 degrees this morning. (I know, downright balmy for you neck of the woods, but for Houston that almost as cold as it gets.)
- December 22, 2008 8:35 AM
- Pat Ring said...
125 miles to go! Do you think you will make it? About 14 miles a day?
- December 22, 2008 8:58 AM
- Matt said...
It was -11 in Minneapolis with a sharp head wind, plus the streets are still an icy mess, so I wimped out and drove. Blah. I have the driver's remorse.
Re: "random tunage". I am not trying to start a flame war, but do you wear headphones when you ride? If so (or if not), I would love to hear your thoughts on this hotly contested topic.
(Helmets, Critical Mass, and iPods: the three ingredients for a bicycle related flame war!)
- December 22, 2008 9:39 AM
- Scott Redd said...
Way to keep it up through the cold prairie winter.
Minus 8 in Omaha this morning (my coldest yet). I tried out some new goggles that go over my eyeglasses. I don't normally have a problem with cold on my eyes after the first mile, but after riding during a snowfall last week, it was obvious that I needed something over my eyes during those conditions.
The problem this morning was my eyeglasses inside the goggles started fogging. I had to remove the eyeglasses and ride half-blind (I can see well enough, just not as clearly as I'd like).
I used a total of seven shirts and two jackets on the top and three layers on the bottom. They are all thin, so I didn't look too bulky. For socks, I used Smartwool, Hot Hands on the toes, and then some thick, wool blend hiking socks under my sneakers (with a hole in them!). Glove liners (with Hot Hands) under lobster claw gloves were on the hands. On my head I had a full balaclava, then one pulled down over my neck and ears, the goggles, then taped up helmet. Only my nose was exposed.
I got pretty hot during some hill climbs on my five mile ride.
The streets are still all fouled up after the recent winter storms, but the studded tires give me grip and reassurance.
Keep it up, all you winter commuter people!
- December 22, 2008 10:43 AM
- Warren T said...
Funny, I had the same eyelash problem this morning. I made the mistake of closing my eyes for 5 seconds at a stop light... Oops.
- December 22, 2008 11:03 AM
- Jon said...
I ride with safety glasses (my distance vision is fine without my "real" glasses, I just can't read the speedometer)on the cold days, in order to avoid the lashcicles.
Three above zero, when I left the house. We are having a heatwave!
- December 22, 2008 11:29 AM
Yes . I think was ice eyelash morning. It was first time for me that cold for eyelashs you can be blind when they freez shut. The wind was not blowing that was nice.
Columbia MO.
Ride safe and be seen and keep eyelashs unfreez;-)
We got 3 to 5 inches coming Tue.
- December 22, 2008 9:04 PM
- Noah said...
Matt: Regarding Random Tunage, I love my music. I love it A LOT. I listen whenever I can. I do NOT listen to it while I ride on the street, though. I'll often listen in my right ear while I'm mountain biking or on MUP's, but I don't do that very often.
I used to make fun of people who wore headphones on the road. At this point, I don't really care who wears helmets or headphones, who has lights and who does not, who runs stop signs or any of that. I do get kind of cheesed about bike salmon who almost run ME over. The rest of them can do what they want. I've never been directly harassed in KC because of the actions of some other cyclist, so I don't feel the need to debate the headphone thing. I personally like as many senses as I can use as sharp as they can be when I'm riding. It's the same reason I ditched the goggles even though it was well, well below freezing this morning.
- December 22, 2008 9:22 PM
- Noah said...
By the way, "Random Tunage" is the stuff I'm listening to while hammering out my posts, or sometimes it's the song(s) stuck in my head while I was riding.
- December 22, 2008 9:25 PM
- sallymander said...
For all you goggle wearing cyclists, give this stuff a try. http://zi.ma/cf7534 It's called Cat Crap and it's an anti-fog lens cleaner. Use it on the inside of your goggles and your glasses (inside and out). You won't have fogging issues. I use this stuff when I cross country ski.
- December 22, 2008 10:21 PM
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Cell Death 2
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Apoptosis Research Timeline
- 3 Apoptosis?
- 4 Apoptosis Signals
- 5 Apoptosis Examples
- 6 Apoptotic Cell Morphology
- 7 Two Main Pathways
- 8 Death Receptor Pathway
- 9 Mitochondrial Pathway
- 10 Caspases
- 11 Apoptosis Inhibitors
- 12 Final Stages of Apoptosis
- 13 References
- 14 Acronyms
- 15 External Links
- 16 2017 Course Content
Apoptotic nucleus (tem)
This second lecture will focus upon programmed cell death, known as apoptosis. The previous lecture Cell Death 1 looked at mainly stress and pathological processes.
This single term "apoptosis" describes the way in which the majority of cells within our body are removed every day. While the morphological changes associated with this process are the same in all cells, the many different signaling pathways that "trigger" this process can be quite different.
|HeLa cell Apoptosis Movie
|HeLa cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by exposure to 10 muM daunorubicin. Images were taken every minute over approx12 hours and were animated at 10 frames/second.
<pubmed>18073771</pubmed> Hela Apoptosis Movie | Apoptosis Movie
|Apoptosis Reviews
<pubmed>28163302</pubmed> <pubmed>25825597</pubmed> <pubmed>24949464</pubmed> <pubmed>17562483</pubmed>
The International Cell Death Society
Lecture Slides: 2017 Lecture PDF
MH - note that content listed below will not match exactly current lecture structure but has been selected as having similar content
- 2016 | 2015 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 1 slide/page (view)
Apoptosis Research Timeline
|Apoptosis Research Timeline
|The timeline below shows key discoveries in our understanding of apoptosis.[1]
AICD, activation-induced cell death; ALPS, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome; BCL-2, B cell lymphoma 2; BH3, BCL-2 homology 3; C. elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans; CED3, C. elegans homologue of mammalian caspases; CED9, C. elegans homologue of mammalian BCL-2; cGAMP, cyclic GMP–AMP; cGAS, cGAMP synthase; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; FASL, FAS ligand; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; gld, generalized lymphoproliferative disease; lpr, lymphoproliferation; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein; PCD, programmed cell death; PtdSer, phosphatidylserine; RIPK, receptor-interacting protein kinase; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; STING, stimulator of interferon genes protein; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling.
Nobel Prize 2002
Physiology or Medicine 2002 - genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death
- Sydney Brenner (b 1927), Berkeley, CA, USA, established C. elegans as a novel experimental model organism. This provided a unique opportunity to link genetic analysis to cell division, differentiation and organ development – and to follow these processes under the microscope. Brenner's discoveries, carried out in Cambridge, UK, laid the foundation for this year's Prize.
- John Sulston (b 1942), Cambridge, England, mapped a cell lineage where every cell division and differentiation could be followed in the development of a tissue in C. elegans. He showed that specific cells undergo programmed cell death as an integral part of the normal differentiation process, and he identified the first mutation of a gene participating in the cell death process.
- Robert Horvitz (b 1947), Cambridge, MA, USA, has discovered and characterized key genes controlling cell death in C. elegans. He has shown how these genes interact with each other in the cell death process and that corresponding genes exist in humans.
|Sydney Brenner Interview (2011) Crick-Jacobs Center, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences.
H. Robert Horvitz (MIT/HHMI) - Discovering Programmed Cell Death (9:30)
(Henderson et al. Cell Death Diff. 2005 12:1240)
|Regulator →
|Adaptor →
|C. elegans
|Ced-9 →
|Ced-4 →
|Ced-3 →
|Bcl-2 →
|Apaf-1 →
|Caspase-9 →
|Caspase-3 →
Regulators can initiate or block apoptosis, the regulators shown block apoptosis.
Term used to describe "Programmed Cell Death" originally by Kerr, J. F., Wyllie, A. H. & Currie, A. R. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br. J. Cancer 26, 239-257 (1972). PMID: 4561027
- Greek, ptosis = falling, as in when leaves fall from a tree in autumn.
Apoptosis Signals
A diverse group of signals can induce apoptosis
- UV or gamma-irradiation
- Chemotherapeutic drugs
- Growth factor withdrawal
- Cytokines TNF-alpha and TGF-beta
- Growth Factor Regulation MCB - apoptosis or trophic factor–mediated cell survival
Apoptosis Examples
|Limb development
Nervous System
Apoptosis in digit development
Immune System
|Mammary Gland
Apoptotic Cell Morphology
The following cellular changes occur in sequence during apoptosis.
- loss of cell membrane phospholipid asymmetry
- Condensation of chromatin
- Reduction in nuclear size JCB - Nucleus changes
- Internucleosomal DNA cleavage TUNEL staining
- DNA ladder
- shrinkage of the cell
- Cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins PNAS - Actin cleavage by ICE-like proteases
- note actin also binds DNase 1, cleavage may release this enzyme to further cleave DNA
- membrane blebbing
- breakdown of the cell into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies
- bodies then phagocytosed by other cells
A number of different experimental techniques have been developed to identify these changes. Apoptosis Methods
Two Main Pathways
The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.[1]
Apoptosis Signal transduction pathways
Apoptosis cleaved Caspase 3
Caspase-3 activation
- death-receptor pathway (extrinsic)
- mitochondrial pathway (intrinsic)
- may also be several alternate pathways
Both pathways
- Converge on caspase-3 activation
- branch into many pathways
- leading to eventual cell death
Note that there is a second extrinsic pathway mediated through Granzyme B.
Links: Apoptosis Signaling Overview
Death Receptor Pathway
Cell surface receptors contain an intracellular death domain (DD)
- belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family
- Fas (CD95/Apo1), TNF receptor 1 (p55), TRAMP (WSL-1/Apo3/DR3/LARD), TRAIL-R1 (DR4), TRAIL-R2 (DR5/Apo2/KILLER)
- trigger apoptosis upon ligand binding
Ligand Binding
- Fas Ligand (CD95 ligand) binds Fas
- TNF and lymphotoxin a bind to TNFR1
- TWEAK (Apo3 ligand) binds to TRAMP
- TRAIL (Apo2 ligand) binds both TRAIL-R1 (Pan et al., 1997) and TRAIL-R2
Upon ligand binding receptor associates with an adaptor protein
- Fas-associated death domain (FADD) directly or indirectly
- through TNFR-associated death domain (TRADD)
- FADD also interacts with pro-caspase-8
- form a complex at the receptor called the death inducing signalling complex (DISC)
Death Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC)
- DISC induces the activation of caspase-8
- activates downstream effector caspases
Bid is also cleaved by pro-caspase 8 and translocates to the mitochondria to activate the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, linking the two death pathways.
Decoy Receptors (DcR)
- tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family
- inhibit death signaling by sequestration of ligand
- DcR1, DcR2 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) bind to TRAIL
- DcR3 binds Fas ligand
FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP)
- intracellular endogenous inhibitor
- regulates by interacting with FADD
- blocks apoptosis
Mitochondrial Pathway
- begins with permeabilisation of mitochondrial outer membrane
- either permeability transition (PT) pore dependent or independent
Permeability Transition (PT) Pore
Structure formed from matrix, inner membrane, outer membrane proteins
- matrix protein cyclophilin D
- inner mitochondrial membrane protein adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT)
- outer mitochondrial membrane protein voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC)
Opening the PT pore
- triggers the dissipation of the proton gradient created by electron transport
- uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
- also causes water to enter the mitochondrial matrix
- results in swelling of the intermembranal space
- rupturing of the outer membrane
- releasing apoptogenic proteins - cytochrome c, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), endonuclease G
- Formed by Cytochrome c, apoptosis protease activating factor (APAF-1) and pro-caspase 9 PNAS - Model of apoptosome formation
- complex promotes the activation of caspase 9
- activates effector caspases that collectively orchestrate the execution of apoptosis
- AIF and endonuclease G - DNA fragmentation and chromosomal condensation
Other proteins released upon mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation
- Smac/DIABLO - second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases/direct IAP-associated binding protein with low pI)
- Omi/HtrA2 (high temperature requirement A2), which antagonize IAPs thereby promoting caspase activation
Bcl-2 Family
PT pore independent mitochondrial membrane permeabilisation is regulated by Bcl-2 family members anchored to the mitochondria membrane by hydrophobic C-terminal
Anti-apoptotic members
- Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL
- Bcl-2 proteins protect integrity of mitochondria
- prevent cytochrome C release
- block caspase 9 activation
Pro-apoptotic members
- two categories based on expression of Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains
- Multi-domain proteins comprise BH domains 1-3 and include Bax, Bak, and Bok
- form channels in outer mitochondrial membrane releasing intermembranal space apoptogenic proteins
- BH3 only proteins consists of Bad, Bik, Bid, Puma, Bim, Bmf and Noxa.
- activate multi-domain pro-apoptotic species
- disrupt the function of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members
Possible Bcl Mechanisms
- Formation of a pore - cytochrome c and other intermembrane proteins escape
- Heterodimerization - between pro- and anti-apoptotic family members
- Direct regulation of caspases - by adaptor molecules
- Interaction with mitochondrial proteins - generate a pore or to modulate mitochondrial homeostasis
- Oligomerization- form a weakly selective ion channel
Induced by pro-apoptotic stimuli activates apoptosis by intrinsic mitochondrial pathway
Normally p53 low levels
- by murine double minute-2 (MDM2) or the human homologue (HDM2)
- inhibit p53 transcription
- promote p53 degradation (by proteosome)
Activation of p53
- stabilization of p53 by post-translational modifications
- disrupt interaction between p53 and MDM2
- p53 drives expression of APAF-1 and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and transcriptional independent death pathways
- cysteine proteases
- central regulators of apoptosis
- 14 different caspases identified
- expressed as pro-enzymes
- three domains NH2 terminal, a large subunit 20 kDa and a small subunit 10 kDa
- activation by proteolytic processing between domains
- allows association of large and small subunits
- active caspases are a tetramer 2 heterodimers of large and small subunits
Initiator caspases
- caspase 8, 9, 10 and 12
- closely linked to pro-apoptotic signals
- once caspases activated cleave and activate effector
Effector caspases
- caspases 3, 6, and 7
- cleave cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins
- induce apoptosis
FasL and Fas-expressing Cells
Caspase Cleavage
- leads to diverse results
- depending on substrate and position of cleavage site
- loss of biological activity eg lamin network
- limited proteolysis by caspases result in a gain of biological activity eg Bcl-2 or Bcl-x, PAK2, Bid and CAD/ICAD
Caspase Activation Mechanisms
(a) proteolytic cleavage by an upstream caspase activation of downstream effector caspases induction of non-caspase proteases (granzyme B)
(b) Induced proximity aggregation of procaspase-8 molecules somehow results in cross-activation
(c) holoenzyme formation cytochrome c and ATP dependent oligomerization of Apaf-1 recruitment of procaspase-9 into apoptosome complex Activation of caspase-9 mediated by conformational change
Caspases and Cell Structures-Organelles
Caspases coordinate demolition of key cellular structures and organelles.
- Effector caspases (such as caspase-3, -6 and -7 in mammals) orchestrate the dismantling of diverse cell structures through cleavage of specific substrates.
- Cleavage of ICAD (inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase) releases CAD (caspase-activated DNase), which can then catalyse inter-nucleosomal DNA cleavage.
- Caspase-mediated cleavage of nuclear lamins weakens the nuclear lamina, allowing nuclear fragmentation, and nuclear envelope proteins are also proteolysed.
- Proteolysis of proteins at focal adhesion sites and cell–cell adhesion sites allows cell detachment and retraction. Caspase activity is required for the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and other phagocytic signals on the cell surface.
- Proteolysis of the Rho effector ROCK1 leads to contraction of the actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane blebbing as well as nuclear fragmentation, whereas cleavage of tubulins and microtubule-associated and motor proteins leads to changes in the microtubule cytoskeleton that may contribute to apoptotic body formation (not shown).
- Caspases also cleave the Golgi-stacking protein GRASP65 and other Golgi proteins, causing fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus.
- Proteolysis of the mammalian sterile-20 kinase MST1 results in translocation of a catalytically active fragment of this kinase to the nucleus where it phosphorylates histone H2B to provoke chromatin condensation.
- Cellular functions such as translation disrupted through caspase-mediated proteolysis of multiple translation initiation factors (eIFs). ER, endoplasmic reticulum; MLC, myosin light chain.
Apoptosis Inhibitors
- directly inhibit caspases or prevent activation
- serine/threonine protein kinase
- important anti-apoptotic factor
- inhibits pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, Bad
- directly inhibits caspase 9
- Tumour Necrosis Factor -alpha
- both anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic effect
- activate the transcription factor NF-kB
- which then induces expression of IAP
- an inhibitor of caspases 3, 7,and 9
- regulate apoptosis through protein kinase cascades
- phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt
- mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways
Final Stages of Apoptosis
- The membrane enclosed cell fragments are phagocytosed by macrophages and other cells.
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter New York and London: Garland Science; c2002
- Molecular Biology of the Cell 4th ed. - IV. Internal Organization of the Cell Chapter 17. The Cell Cycle and Programmed Cell Death
- The Cell Cycle and Programmed Cell Death
- Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis)
- Figure 17-37. Cell death
- Figure 17-47. Two ways in which survival factors suppress apoptosis
- Figure 17-42. Cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis induced by excessive stimulation of mitogenic pathways
- Figure 17-38. The caspase cascade involved in apoptosis
Molecular Cell Biology
Lodish, Harvey; Berk, Arnold; Zipursky, S. Lawrence; Matsudaira, Paul; Baltimore, David; Darnell, James E. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co.; c1999
- Molecular Cell Biology - Chapter 23. Cell Interactions in Development
- Cell Death and Its Regulation
- Figure 23-50. Current models of the intracellular pathways leading to cell death by apoptosis or to trophic factor–mediated cell survival in mammalian cells
- Movie: Apoptosis
The Cell- A Molecular Approach
Cooper, Geoffrey M. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc.; c2000
- The Cell - A Molecular Approach - IV. Cell Regulation Chapter 13. Cell Signaling
- Regulation of Programmed Cell Death
Search Online Textbooks
- "cell death" Molecular Biology of the Cell | Molecular Cell Biology | The Cell- A molecular Approach
- Morphological and cytochemical determination of cell death by apoptosis. Taatjes DJ, Sobel BE, Budd RC. Histochem Cell Biol. 2008 Jan;129(1):33-43. Epub 2007 Nov 14. Review. PMID: 18000678
- Frisch SM, Ruoslahti E. Integrins and anoikis. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1997 Oct;9(5):701-6. Review. PMID: 9330874
- Kerr, J. F., Wyllie, A. H. & Currie, A. R. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br. J. Cancer 26, 239-257 (1972). PMID: 4561027
Search Entrez
- AIF apoptosis-inducing factor
- CARD caspase recruitment domain
- DISC death-inducing signaling complex
- DED death effector domain
- FADD Fas-associated death domain protein
- FADD-DD FADD-death domain
- ICE interleukin-1β-converting enzyme (-like) protease
- PARP polyADP ribose polymerase
- TNF tumor necrosis factor
- TRADD TNF receptor-associated death domain protein
- TRAIL TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand
External Links
- UNSW Cell Biology Laboratory Apoptosis Methods
- Reproductive and Cardiovascular Disease Research Group - Apoptosis
2017 Course Content
Lectures: Cell Biology Introduction | Cells Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes | Cell Membranes and Compartments | Cell Nucleus | Cell Export - Exocytosis | Cell Import - Endocytosis | Cytoskeleton Introduction | Cytoskeleton - Microfilaments | Cytoskeleton - Microtubules | Cytoskeleton - Intermediate Filaments | Cell Mitochondria | Cell Junctions | Extracellular Matrix 1 | Extracellular Matrix 2 | Cell Cycle | Cell Division | Cell Death 1 | Cell Death 2 | Signal 1 | Signal 2 | Stem Cells 1 | Stem Cells 2 | Development | 2017 Revision
2017 Laboratories: Introduction to Lab | Fixation and Staining |
2017 Projects: Group 1 - Delta | Group 2 - Duct | Group 3 - Beta | Group 4 - Alpha
Dr Mark Hill 2015, UNSW Cell Biology - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G