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When one reads documents connected with the 1969-1971 Integrated Program Plan (IPP), it is often difficult to decide whether to laugh or to cry. The IPP, a product of George Mueller's Office of Manned Space Flight, began to evolve as early as 1965, but did not take on the grandiose form NASA Administrator Thomas Paine stubbornly advocated to President Richard Nixon until May 1969.
Paine, a Washington neophyte, expected that the IPP would be NASA's reward for winning the race to the moon. He believed that, having vanquished the Soviets, it was time for the U.S. civilian space agency to "think big."
The IPP (image at top of post) included space stations in low-Earth orbit (LEO), geosynchronous orbit (GEO), and near-polar lunar orbit, Saturn V and Saturn V-derived rockets for launching them, a fully reusable Earth-to-LEO Space Shuttle for launching astronauts, cargo, and propellants, a reusable modular Space Tug that could operate manned or unmanned and do double-duty as a "Lunar Module-B" (LM-B) moon lander, a reusable Nuclear Shuttle for LEO-GEO and LEO-lunar orbit transportation, and lunar and Mars surface bases. All of this complex and costly space infrastructure was meant to become operational by 1980.
The IPP is sometimes wrongly attributed to Wernher von Braun, director of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. Von Braun was in fact skeptical of the IPP. He did not expect an Apollo-level commitment to spaceflight following Apollo's culmination, let alone one several times larger. He had spent the 1960s seeking opportunities to expand U.S. manned spaceflight using his Saturn rocket family. By the time Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon during Apollo 11 (July 20, 1969), however, it was abundantly clear to the pragmatic German-born rocketeer that this would not happen.
Nevertheless, with his political position rapidly eroding, von Braun at Paine's request tasked MSFC's artists with pumping out IPP illustrations and its advanced planners with grafting a manned Mars mission onto the cislunar IPP. He then touted the Mars plan to Nixon's high-level Space Task Group (STG) on August 4, 1969. The first NASA manned Mars mission could occur as early as 1981, von Braun told the STG in a 30-minute presentation.
Nixon had appointed the STG in February 1969 to provide him with alternatives for NASA's future. Paine, a member of the STG, had won over Vice President Spiro Agnew, the STG's chairman, enabling him to put forward the IPP as the only choice for NASA's future. The STG's September 1969 report offered Nixon three schedules for accomplishing the IPP, but that was not the same as providing three program alternatives. Paine might have offered Nixon a choice between an LEO space station, a moon base, or a man on Mars. Instead, he insisted on a package containing all three.
This was, of course, an ill-considered move. Nixon's Office of Management and Budget had made it clear that NASA should expect rapidly declining annual budgets, not rapidly growing ones. Nixon interpreted Paine's stubborn advocacy of the ambitious IPP as a clumsy effort at bureaucratic empire building, not as a sincere proposal for a bold American space program.
In effect, Paine's inflexibility created a vacuum that the Nixon Administration filled. NASA had supplied a single plan for its future that was unacceptable, so the Nixon White House made its own plan that served the President's political ends.
First, before accepting the STG report in September 1969, the White House added a fourth IPP schedule with no fixed dates. Nixon then adopted the line that IPP development would proceed as funding became available with the goal of a man on Mars by the year 2000, a date so far in the future as to be meaningless. Next, in July 1970, a year after Apollo 11, Nixon accepted Paine's resignation, effective on the first anniversary of the STG report (Sept. 15, 1970), and replaced him with the more pliant James Fletcher. Finally, on Jan. 5, 1972, at the start of the 1972 election year, Nixon made the Space Shuttle the sum total of NASA's post-Apollo manned program. He touted the jobs it would create in California, a state vital to his 1972 re-election bid.
Before that fateful announcement, however, NASA expended considerable effort in the 1969-1971 period on planning the IPP's execution. Paine's resignation did not stop the studies. The LEO station and Shuttle received more attention than the other elements because they were viewed together as the program's first step, but planners looked at all elements of the IPP.
In June 1970, E. Grenning, an engineer with Bellcomm, NASA's Washington, DC-based planning contractor, developed a "traffic model" based on a modified version of Paine's IPP Option I (the "Maximum Program"). The model spanned the years 1970 through 1984.
Grenning explained that the IPP was based on two principles. These were "the systematic establishment of semi-permanent manned bases in various locations in cislunar space and eventually in interplanetary space" and the "parallel introduction of low cost transportation systems ... for the purpose of economically moving cargo and personnel to and from the bases."
A major change from the IPP as submitted to Nixon was that the manned Mars program, which would span seven years, was not tied to any specific dates. Grenning explained, however, that, when the decision was taken to proceed with the manned Mars program, its seven-year schedule would need to be tied to existing Earth-Mars minimum-energy transfer opportunities.
Another change was that Grenning listed proposed automated planetary exploration missions. This was a response to protests from scientists, who were understandably eager to explore the many types of bodies in the Solar System. The "Balanced Base" planetary program would include 21 missions, all of which would leave Earth between 1976 and 1984.
In addition, Grenning stretched the IPP over a longer period, so that its elements would not all be in place until 1984. Combined with not providing a specific date for its man on Mars program, this made Grenning's traffic model for Option I somewhat more conservative than the one in the STG report. it was, however, more conservative only relative to the grandiose Option I Paine championed.
Until 1975, Grenning's traffic model was entirely based on Apollo spacecraft and Saturn rockets, none of which was reusable. Because it used no reusable vehicles and established no permanent bases, it was simple in execution compared with the traffic model that began to take effect in 1975.
The year 1970 would see three Apollo moon-landing missions, Grenning wrote, each with three astronauts, a Command and Service Module (CSM), and a Lunar Module (LM) launched on a three-stage Saturn V rocket. They would constitute the continuation of the Apollo lunar landing missions that had begun with Apollo 11. It is interesting to note that Grenning's model, dated June 1970, seemed to exist in a parallel universe; after the Apollo 13 accident in April 1970, Apollo was grounded until January 1971.
The year 1971 would see the first two Extended Apollo missions. An uprated Saturn VB rocket would launch three astronauts, an Extended CSM (XCSM) capable of 16 days of flight, and an Extended LM (XLM) capable supporting two astronauts for three days. The XLM would have a landed payload capacity of 1000 pounds. NASA would fly two Extended Apollo missions per year from 1971 through 1974, plus one in 1975, for a total of nine missions and 54 man-days on the moon.
Once again, Grenning's model did not match reality. In January 1970, Paine had announced that, far from being uprated, Saturn V would cease production. He had also cancelled Apollo 20, at the time the last planned moon-landing mission, leaving at most seven landings after Apollo 12. Apollo 13 subsequently trimmed that number to six.
In Grenning's traffic model, 1972 would see the first two-stage Int-21 Saturn V derivative launch the first Apollo Applications Program (AAP) Orbital Workshop (OWS). The AAP OWS was a 22-foot-diameter Saturn V S-IVB third stage converted into a temporary space station. The Int-21, of which a total of 41 would fly between 1972 and 1984, would be capable of placing up to 250,000 pounds into LEO. Saturn IB rockets would launch three CSMs, each bearing a three-man crew, to the first AAP OWS between mid-1972 and early 1973. NASA would launch a second AAP OWS at the beginning of 1974. A total of nine CSMs would deliver crews to the the second AAP OWS by early 1976.
Paine had cancelled Apollo 20 so that its Saturn V could be used to launch the first AAP OWS. In February 1970, NASA announced that the AAP OWS program would be called the Skylab Program, a name that Grenning did not use in his June 1970 traffic model document.
Reusable IPP spacecraft and semi-permanent bases would make their debut in 1975, overlapping with missions using Apollo-Saturn systems and helping to ensure that there would be no gap in U.S. manned spaceflight. As already indicated, these would increase the complexity of NASA manned space operations. Spacecraft and bases would need to be assembled, refueled, and resupplied using other spacecraft and bases that would themselves need to be assembled, refueled, and resupplied.
In 1975, NASA would launch on an Int-21 its first LEO Space Station Module (SSM), the prototype for all subsequent SSMs. Grenning wrote that the LEO SSM, which would orbit between 200 and 300 nautical miles above the Earth, would be used to conduct science, applications, and technology (SA & T) research. It would also serve as a depot for cargo bound for GEO and the moon, a satellite repair base, and an assembly and launch control center for automated and manned planetary missions.
Soon after the LEO SSM reached space, the fully reusable Space Shuttle would take wing for the first time. In the LEO SSM's first year, winged Shuttle orbiters would visit it three times. The 12-man Shuttle orbiter would lift off vertically on the back of a winged, manned booster larger than a 707 airliner, then would separate and ignite its own cluster of engines to complete the climb to LEO. It would carry up to 50,000 pounds of payload in its 15-by-60-foot payload bay. A Shuttle orbiter would be good for 100 flights before retirement.
In 1975, NASA would also conduct a test flight of the Saturn VC, a beefed-up three-stage Saturn V with a Space Tug/LM-B fourth stage. The Saturn VC, an "interim system" for bridging the gap between Apollo and more advanced IPP lunar systems, would be capable of placing 100,000 pounds into lunar orbit. The LM-B, a Space Tug with landing legs, could operate on the lunar surface for 14 days at a stretch.
The American Bicentennial year of 1976 would see an Int-21 boost a stack of five fully fueled Space Tug/LM-Bs into LEO. With a full load of liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel and liquid oxygen (LOX) oxidizer, each Tug/LM-B would have a mass of about 50,000 pounds. Space Tug/LM-Bs would be designed for a one-year in-space lifetime. Beginning in 1976, one Space Tug/LM-B would be based at the LEO SSM at all times for use in satellite servicing, spacecraft assembly, Earth-orbital rescue, and other missions.
Early in 1976, a Saturn VC would launch a 50,000-pound SSM and a fully fueled Space Tug/LM-B to near-polar lunar orbit. During 1976, 1977, and 1978, nine Saturn VCs would launch four Space Tug/LM-Bs and five four-man "QCSMs" to the lunar-orbit SSM, enabling a continuous lunar population of four astronauts. The QCSM, which Grenning did not describe, would be an interim system like the Saturn VC. Two-man crews would land on the moon in Space Tug/LM-Bs four times in 1976, five times in 1977, and four times in 1978. Each trip to the lunar surface and back would expend 50,000 pounds of LN2/LOX propellants.
The lunar-orbit SSM would keep two fully fueled Space Tug/LM-Bs on hand at all times. One would land on the moon and the other would stand by to rescue the surface astronauts in the event that their Space Tug/LM-B malfunctioned. After a year of operations, Space Tug/LM-Bs based at the lunar-orbit SSM would be stripped down and turned into tankage for a propellant depot in lunar orbit.
Also in 1976, the Space Shuttle would fly eight times. Six Shuttle missions would deliver astronauts, supplies, and cargoes, including two automated planetary spacecraft, to the LEO SSM. The remaining two missions would see the Shuttle orbiter serve a "tanker" role. Each Shuttle would carry 50,000 pounds of LH2/LOX propellants, enough to refuel one Space Tug/LM-B.
The first two missions of the Balanced Base planetary program, the Venus Explorer Orbiter and the Comet d'Arrest flyby, would depart Earth in 1976. Automated planetary missions would each need two fully-fueled Space Tug/LM-Bs. When the planetary launch window opened, Space Tug/LM-B #1 would ignite its rocket engines to accelerate Space Tug/LM-B #2 and the planetary probe, then would shut down its engines, undock from Space Tug/LM-B #2, turn end for end, and fire its engines again to return to LEO for refueling and reuse.
Space Tug/LM-B #2 would fire its engines to further accelerate the planetary probe, then would shut down its engines and release the probe onto its interplanetary trajectory. Space Tug/LM-B #2 would then turn end for end and fire its engines to slow itself and return to LEO.
In 1977, the Space Shuttle would fly 10 times and the Int-21 would fly twice. The Space Tug/LM-B could not carry enough propellants to change from near-equatorial LEO SSM orbit to polar orbit, so two Shuttle orbiters would launch directly from Earth's surface into polar orbit to perform sortie (non-space station) missions. Polar sorties would occur at a rate of two per year through 1984.
Eight Shuttle missions would transport crews and cargoes between Earth and the LEO SSM. One of those would deliver to the LEO SSM 50,000 pounds of LH2 propellant for the first NERVA nuclear-thermal rocket engine-equipped Nuclear Shuttle, and four would deliver 50,000 pounds of Space Tug/LM-B propellants each.
One Int-21 would launch the first Nuclear Shuttle and another would launch five fully fueled Space Tug/LM-Bs (four for the robotic planetary program and one for the LEO SSM). The Int-21 would not be able to launch the Nuclear Shuttle to LEO fully fueled, so it would reach space with room in its tank for an additional 50,000 pounds of LH2 propellant. Before a newly launched Nuclear Shuttle departed LEO for the first time, a Shuttle orbiter tanker would rendezvous with it to top off its tank.
Nuclear Shuttles would each be good for 10 missions from LEO to GEO or lunar orbit and back, then would be launched into disposal orbit around the Sun. Some would carry a cargo of spent Space Tug/LM-Bs into solar orbit with them.
Each Nuclear Shuttle mission would expend 240,000 pounds of LH2. Six Space Shuttle tanker flights would be required to refuel the Nuclear Shuttle once. The Nuclear Shuttle would transport to the lunar-orbit SSM six astronauts and 90,000 pounds of cargo, or 100,000 pounds of cargo in unmanned mode. It could return 10,000 pounds of cargo and six astronauts from the moon to the LEO SSM.
The Nuclear Shuttle could deliver 90,000 pounds of cargo and six astronauts to GEO and return six astronauts from GEO to the LEO SSM. After the GEO SSM was established in 1980, all Nuclear Shuttles would perform a shakedown cruise to GEO before traveling to lunar orbit for the first time. If it malfunctioned during its maiden flight to GEO, a Space Tug/LM-B could rendezvous with it to make repairs or return it to the LEO SSM.
The first Nuclear Shuttle would operate only in unmanned mode; its 10 missions would in effect serve as an extended flight test. The first manned Nuclear Shuttle, the second launched, would reach LEO on an Int-21 in early 1979. Four manned and six unmanned Nuclear Shuttle flights would occur each year beginning in 1981, by which time one new Nuclear Shuttle would reach LEO and one old Nuclear Shuttle would be disposed of in solar orbit each year.
In 1977, four Tug/LM-B pairs would launch the Mars Explorer Orbiter, the Mars High Data Orbiter, and two Jupiter-Saturn-Pluto Mariner-class flyby spacecraft. The Tug/LM-Bs would burn the propellants with which they were launched to send the two Mars missions on their way, then would be refueled to launch the twin Jupiter-Saturn-Pluto missions. Grenning noted that dispatching automated spacecraft to destinations beyond the Main Asteroid Belt would need so much energy that the second Tug/LM-B could spare no propellants to return to LEO. It would, therefore, be expended.
The year 1978 would see a Mercury-Venus Mariner flyby, a Venus-Mariner Orbiter, and a Solar-Electric Asteroid Belt Survey depart the LEO SSM. All Space Tug/LM-Bs used to launch these missions would be recovered. In 1979, NASA would launch the 6,000-pound Mars Soft Lander/Rover and two more Jupiter-Saturn-Pluto Mariner-class flybys, expending two Tug/LM-Bs. In 1980, a second Venus Explorer Orbiter would leave Earth, as would two Jupiter Flyby/Probe spacecraft. The latter would expend two Tug/LM-Bs. The year 1981 would see a second Mars Explorer Orbiter, two Saturn Mariner-class Orbiter/Probes, and two more expended Tug/LM-Bs.
NASA would launch only one automated planetary mission, the 8,000-pound Mercury Solar Electric Orbiter, in 1982. Venus would get another Venus Explorer Orbiter and a Venus Mariner Orbiter/Rough Lander in 1983. NASA would also launch its second comet mission, this time a Mariner rendezvous with Comet Kopff. With a mass of 8500 pounds, it would be the heaviest of the 21 automated probes in the Balanced Base program. Mars would get a second High Data Orbiter and a second Soft Lander/Rover in 1984.
Back in NASA's manned program, between 1979 and 1981 Int-21s would launch three more LEO SSMs. These would be combined with the first LEO SSM to form a "Space Base." In 1980, an Int-21 would launch into LEO an SSM that would be mated to a Nuclear Shuttle and boosted to GEO. Early in 1979, Space Shuttle missions would begin to fly at a rate of 30 per year; by mid-1980, Grenning had the number of flights ramping up to 90 per year.
As indicated earlier, Grenning tied manned Mars missions to no particular year. Probably the manned Mars program would not begin until NASA had ample experience with long-duration spaceflight, orbital assembly, and Nuclear Shuttle operations; that is, not until 1983 at the earliest. The Bellcomm planner did, however, lay out a seven-year plan encompassing two complete manned Mars missions and the first half of a third. The first and second missions and second and third missions would overlap.
All three would follow a conjunction-class mission profile; that is, they would reach Mars in about six months, remain there for about 18 months, and return to Earth in about six months. For safety, two identical six-man Mars spacecraft would travel as a convoy. At launch from the Space Base, each would comprise three Nuclear Shuttles, a mission module housing the crew, a payload module bearing unmanned probes and supplies, and a two-stage manned Mars Excursion Module (MEM) lander. Both Mars spacecraft would be capable of supporting the entire 12-man mission complement.
Eighteen months before the first mission was set to depart the Space Base, NASA would launch four Nuclear Shuttles on Int-21 rockets and then launch four Space Shuttles to top off their tanks. The following year, the space agency would launch two more Nuclear Shuttles. These would each have a half-load of LH2 propellant because the Int-21s that launched them would also carry one MEM each. Topping off the Nuclear Shuttles' tanks would need three Space Shuttle flights. Six Shuttle flights would fuel Space Tug/LM-Bs used for Mars spacecraft assembly. A final pair of Int-21s would launch the twin mission modules; a final Space Shuttle would launch the Mars spacecraft crews.
As the countdown clock reached zero, the NERVA engines in the two outboard Nuclear Shuttles on each spacecraft would fire to place the third Nuclear Shuttle, mission module, payload module, and MEM on course for Mars. They would then shut down, separate, turn end for end, and fire their engines again to slow themselves and return to LEO. The center Nuclear Shuttle on each spacecraft would perform course corrections and slow the spacecraft so that Mars's gravity could capture them into orbit.
After 18 months at Mars, the twin center Nuclear Shuttles would fire again to put the mission modules on course for Earth. They would perform course corrections; then, as they neared Earth, they would fire for the last time to slow the mission modules for capture into Earth orbit. Space Tug/LM-Bs would retrieve the Mars crews and the center Nuclear Shuttles.
The second and third Mars missions would be carried out in much the same way. The four outboard Nuclear Shuttles from the first mission would be reused for the second and third missions and the two center Nuclear Shuttles from the first mission would be reused for the third mission. The second mission would leave LEO before the first mission returned, so would need two new center Nuclear Shuttles. Grenning wrote that the third mission, preparations for which would begin in the fifth year of the seven-year program, might establish the first semi-permanent Mars surface base.
Grenning forecast that the seven-year manned Mars program would need four Space Shuttle flights and four Int-21 flights in its first year to place Mars spacecraft components and (especially) propellants into LEO. Year 2, toward the end of which the first two manned Mars spacecraft would depart from Earth orbit, would need 4 Int-21s and 13 Shuttles. Year 3, during which preparation for the second Mars expedition would begin, would need just one Int-21 and 13 Shuttle flights. NASA would launch 20 Space Shuttle flights and three Int-21s in the Mars program's fourth year, 10 Shuttle flights and no Int-21s in its fifth, and 24 Shuttle flights and four Int-21s in its sixth. The final year of the program would see no Int-21s and 13 Shuttle flights.
He also summed up the number of flights required to carry out the Maximum Rate cislunar program from 1975, when IPP stations and spacecraft began to replace Apollo-based stations and spacecraft, to 1984. The Space Shuttle fleet would accomplish 518 missions to LEO. The Saturn VC would fly 11 times between 1975 and 1979, when it would be phased out in favor of manned lunar flights via the Space Shuttle, LEO SSM, Nuclear Shuttle, lunar-orbit SSM, and LM-B. The Int-21 would fly 25 times, with a peak annual launch rate of five in 1981.
Was Paine's IPP in any sense realistic? It depends on the judgement criteria one uses. Certainly, it was not a realistic option for 1970 America due to domestic political and economic considerations.
In addition, one might take issue with its confident assertion that its network of reusable space systems and semi-permanent bases would save money. Complex reusable space systems require either costly development or costly refurbishment. A single failure can take down an entire network of interdependent complex systems, and pioneering systems are more prone to failure than well-established ones. If, for example, a Space Shuttle had exploded, then crew and propellant transport would have ground to a halt throughout the IPP infrastructure.
One might, on the other hand, argue that the IPP's scale was not adequate for the challenges of piloted space exploration. Even the grand-scale IPP would have permitted access only to cislunar space and Mars. Perhaps we find the IPP grandiose in part because we have been conditioned to "think small" about space exploration. If our plans took in our entire local neighborhood - the Solar System - and sought to be realistic, then they would of necessity demand a scale orders of magnitude beyond that of the IPP.
Integrated Manned Space Flight Program Traffic Model Case 105-4, E. M. Grenning, Bellcomm, Inc., June 4, 1970.
Beyond Apollo chronicles space history through missions and programs that didn't happen.


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The Horatio Alger Denny Sanford Scholarship (15 awards at $10,000 each)
The Horatio Alger Denny Sanford Scholarship provides a $10000 scholarship to be disbursed throughout a student's collegiate career. Like all Horatio Alger Scholarships, the Horatio Alger Denny Sanford scholarship assists high school students who have faced great obstacles in their young lives to overcome their adversities, attend a post-secondary institution, and achieve success.
To be eligible for the Horatio Alger Denny Sanford Scholarship a student must meet the following criteria:
Students may apply here!
Humbert Hall Room ScholarshipThe Humbert Hall Room Scholarship is awarded on the basis of a student's academic accomplishments and/or financial need.Humbert Hall Room Scholarships provide students with one-half the cost of their residence hall room in Humbert Hall for up to two years.
Limited number available per academic year. Students should submit the General Scholarship Application to be considered. Students who are selected for these awards will notified by the BHSU Office of Admissions.
Joseph F. and Martha P. Nelson Scholarship ApplicationThe Joseph F. and Martha P. Nelson Scholarship award is available to a high school senior/graduate who has not previously attended a post- secondary institution. The scholarship is worth $40,000 over four years. It is renewable without reapplying, provided the student maintains required academic performance. See More
See these additional scholarship opportunities available through the Center for American Indian Studies.
New Student Scholarship Application - New Student Scholarship Application - Jan. 15, 2020 Priority Deadline
Current BHSU Student Scholarship Application - Feb. 1, 2020 Priority Deadline
Select Scholarship Search Criteria
Apply for admission today! Awarded based on your application for admission - no separate application required. The BUZZ Bonus is guaranteed to eligible students while funds are still available.
This award is available to a high school graduate who has not previously attended a post-secondary institution. Application is made during the senior year of high school. To be eligible, a student must attain a minimum ACT composite score of 21, be in the upper 33% of his/her class rank, and must have been admitted to Black Hills State University. Home-schooled students, in lieu of class rank, must attain a 3.0 GPA along with the minimum ACT composite score of 21, as well as be admitted to Black Hills State University to be awarded the Buzz Bonus. The amount of the award is determined by the students ACT score according to the chart below.
This scholarship will be renewed for three years if the student maintains a 3.0 cumulative GPA and takes 30 credit hours per academic year.*
These scholarships are awarded upon admission to BHSU. If your ACT score or class rank improves please contact the Admissions Office to request a reevaluation.
BHSU Foundation scholarships are for BHSU classes only. Recipients of BHSU scholarships are advised to contact the Scholarship Coordinator if they are anticipating taking classes at one of the other South Dakota public universities.
Questions? Please call the Admission's Office at 642-6343, or email firstname.lastname@example.com
* The four-year BUZZ Bonus awards began with the 2008-2009 academic year. Prior to that they were two-year awards.
Our BUZZ Bonus program is sponsored by the following endowments in the Black Hills State University Foundation.
Learn more about donating to the Foundation.
Donors will give Black Hills State University their information on scholarships. They can be found within the searchable database above. Be as general as possible when searching the database as some of these scholarships, such as the American Business Women Association (ABWA), will give to any major. Choose ANY for majors and always choose OUTSIDE SCHOLARSHIP for these donors from outside BHSU.
Good luck, and if you have questions, please don't hesitate to contact Student Financial Services, (605) 642-6415.
South Dakota Board of Regents Scholarships
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Free Searchable Scholarship Websites
Outside Scholarships
If you are receiving an outside scholarship/grant/award, you must report those to BHSU Student Financial Services. Please complete this form for each additional scholarship/award and mail to address below. If you wish us to email a form to you, please email Angie Faulkner.
Questions? Please e-mail Angie Faulkner or call (605) 642-6829.
Student Financial Services
Attn: Angie Faulkner
1200 University St; Unit 9670
Spearfish, SD 57799-9670
Basic Requirements | Important Dates and Deadlines | Types of Scholarships | Credit Hour Requirements | Concurrent Enrollment | Appeals and Special Circumstances | Award and Status Information | Other Questions
What are the requirements to receive a scholarship? The requirements vary for all scholarships. Most are academic and/or need based. Visit our website at http://www.bhsu.edu/scholarships and use the searchable database for descriptions.
Do I need to be admitted to apply for scholarships? No. However, for priority consideration we strongly encourage you to have completed the application process.
How do I apply for scholarships? To access the application go to http://www.bhsu.edu/scholarships and choose the New Student Scholarship Application or the Current BHSU Student Scholarship Application.
When are the deadlines to apply for BHSU scholarships? December 21st is the priority deadline for new and transfer students. February 1st is the priority deadline for continuing students. Any application submitted after these dates may be placed on a waiting list. Please note that scholarships are awarded a year in advance, so be sure to apply early.
What types of scholarships do you offer? There are several types of scholarships offered at BHSU. Click here to view BHSU scholarships and use the searchable database for names and descriptions.
Can I receive outside scholarships along with a scholarship from BHSU? Yes, you may receive outside scholarships. However, if you are applying for Federal Aid, scholarships will be counted as a resource.
What scholarships do you have available for Non-Residents? Buzz Bonus scholarships are available for new students only. Other scholarships available are outside scholarships, and Privately Funded. For more information on tuition and fees, click here.
What outside scholarships are available? Please visit our Outside Scholarships page for more information. DISCLAIMER: BHSU does not affiliate with or endorse any third-party scholarship website. Please exercise caution when pursuing any outside scholarships. Be careful what information you supply to websites. When in doubt, don't supply any personal information.
Are there scholarships available for graduate students? Generally, graduate students who have previously earned a bachelor's degree are NOT eligible to apply for BHSU scholarships, however there may be some outside scholarship resources available. http://www.studentaid.ed.gov/ is also a resource available for outside scholarship searches (go to 'More Info & Resources' -> 'Scholarship Search'). DISCLAIMER: BHSU does not affiliate with or endorse any third-party scholarship website. Please exercise caution when pursuing any outside scholarships. Be careful what information you supply to websites. When in doubt, don't supply any personal information.
Do you have scholarships available for students with disabilities? You will need to contact the Disabilities Services Center on campus for more information. The Disabilities Services Center may have private money or information on applying for off-campus scholarships.
Do I have to be attending full-time to apply for scholarships? No, you can apply without being full-time. However, if you are awarded a scholarship, you will need to attend full-time (minimum 12 credit hours). Do you have any scholarships for part-time students? No, but there may be a few Privately Funded Scholarships. How many credit hours am I required to take? 12 BHSU credit hours is the minimum. Some scholarships require more. It is my last semester and I don't have 12 credit hours to take. Can I still receive my scholarship? All special circumstances should be directed in writing to the Scholarship Coordinator, Kanda Guthmiller at email@example.com
If I have taken concurrent (dual) enrollment classes in high school, will I be considered a continuing student? If you have not graduated from high school, you will be considered a new student for scholarship purposes. If I am taking concurrent (dual) enrollment through BHSU, do I still need to be admitted? Yes, you will need to apply as a degree-seeking student by using the application found at: www.BHSU.edu/Apply. Please provide all necessary supporting documents.
Is there a probation period for scholarships? No, if you fail to complete the requirements at the end of the semester, your scholarship will be canceled. If I withdraw from my classes will I have to pay back the scholarship? If you withdraw during the 100% refund period, the scholarship will be taken back and you will not have to repay it. If you withdraw after the 100% refund period, you may have to pay a portion of the scholarship back or any refund you may get would go back to the scholarship account.
Did you receive my scholarship application? You should receive an email confirmation if your application was successfully submitted. How can I tell if I have been awarded a scholarship? You should receive an email or a letter if you are awarded. Can I accept my scholarship online? Yes. New students can accept their scholarships online by clicking here and filling out the form. Returning students need to follow the directions from their college. How much can I receive from a scholarship? The amount can vary anywhere from partial to full tuition, unless otherwise indicated. If a student is offered more than one award, it may be necessary to indicate a preference. Combined award amounts may not exceed actual cost of attendance.
Contact Kanda Guthmiller, Scholarship Coordinator at 605-642-6335 (Fax: 605-642-6913), Woodburn Hall Room 114. email@example.com
Thank you letters are a mandatory condition of accepting most scholarships at BHSU. A thank-you letter should be sincere, expressing appreciation without excessive flattery. The tone should be pleasant. Donors appreciate receiving a thank-you letter. Your thank-you letter assists in persuading a donor to renew their contribution to a scholarship. As a guide to help you write your thank-you letter, we have provided you with some tips on what to include in your letter. While we would like you to follow these guidelines, they are not restrictions on how to write your letter.
Kanda Guthmiller, Scholarship Coordinator, 1200 University St. Unit 9506, Spearfish, SD 57799 Or drop it off at the Joy Center
Sam Edwards C/O BHSU Scholarships 1200 University Unit 9670 Spearfish, SD 57799-9670
Dear Mr. Edwards:
As a recipient of the Edwards Family Scholarship, I would like to express my sincere gratitude for your support of BHSU and its students. It means a lot to students such as myself that you believe in our efforts to reach our higher educational goals.
I am a junior in the College of Business and Natural Sciences pursuing a degree in accounting. During my free time, I volunteer with the VISTA program helping prepare tax returns for low-income residents of the Northern Hills. I also like to volunteer at the Humane Society and with Special Olympics. This year I became a member of the BHSU Presidential Ambassadors where I represent the university at functions such as the 1883 dinner and orientation for new students.
My future goals involve studying for and passing my CPA exams and then seeking a career in an established accounting firm. In two years I plan to graduate with the university honor of summa cum laude. When I complete my degree at BHSU, I feel more than competent to complete my career goals and future endeavors.
The Edwards Family Scholarship has helped me tremendously focus more on my education rather than seeking full time employment to pay for my school.
Once again thank you for your generous gift to BHSU and its students. Your support will go a long way in achieving my educational and career goals.
Sincerely, (Student Signature) Taylor Jackson 1200 University Unit 8000 Spearfish, SD 57799-8000 Taylor.Jackson@yellowjackets/bhsu.edu 605-722-3306
South Dakota Opportunity Scholarship (4 year award)
Dakota Corps Scholarship
*See SDBOR website. https://www.sdbor.edu/student-information/Pages/Scholarships.aspx
Continuing Eligibility Requirements for Renewable BHSU Scholarships
Buzz Bonus (4 year award)
University Advancement Scholarship (4 year award)
Residence Hall Half Room Scholarship (2 year award)
Jeb Clarkson Scholarship (3 year award soph/jun/sen)
Joe & Elaine Floyd Scholarship (4 year award)
Joseph & Martha Nelson Scholarship (4 year award)
Weiland Scholarship
Mahoney Running Scholarship (4 year award)
Delger-Krier (2 year award)
Child of Alumni (in-state tuition)
Continuing Eligibility Requirements for University Funded Scholarships
Early Scholar (2 year award)
Northern Hills Jacket Incentive (4 year award)
Gold Tier
Green Tier
Southern Hills Jacket Incentive (4 year award)
Gold Tier
Presidential Medallion (4 year award)
Jacket Tier
Humbert Hall Room Scholarship (2 year award)
Students must be enrolled in all BHSU classes to be eligible to receive BHSU Foundation Scholarships. The sum total of a student's financial aid package, including BHSU Foundation scholarships, Institutional scholarships, Outside scholarships, and grant aid (PELL, SEOG, etc.) will not exceed Federal cost of attendance.
Black Hills State University has an outstanding scholarship program that has been established by friends, alumni, faculty, staff and students. Scholarships are based on student achievements and may vary from a one semester to a four-year award. Whatever the amount, scholarships play an important role in assisting students with their educational costs.
Fill out the scholarship application today!
Office of Admissions Black Hills State University 1200 University Street Unit #9502 Spearfish, SD 57799-9502 605.642.6131 email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Collaborative care teams improve mental health outcomes
Collaborative care, a model that involves multiple clinicians working with a patient, significantly improves depression and anxiety outcomes compared to standard primary care treatment for up to two years, finds a new review by The Cochrane Library.
"For me, this study was about demonstrating that collaborative care could potentially work for a lot of people with mental health problems who don't currently have access to proper evidence-based care," said lead author Janine Archer, Ph.D. of the School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work at The University of Manchester in the U.K.
Archer and her co-authors reviewed 79 randomized controlled trials using a collaborative care model for treating both depression and anxiety. A collaborative care intervention included four criteria: a multi-professional team approach to patient care, a structured management plan of medication or cognitive behavioral or "talk" therapy, scheduled patient follow-ups, and improved inter-professional communication between team members.
Collaborative care is based upon disease management models for chronic disease conditions like diabetes or heart disease. In mental health specifically, the collaborative care team typically includes a medical doctor, a case manager experienced with depression and anxiety, and a mental health specialist, such as a psychiatrist. In the U.K., approximately 90 percent of patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety are treated by a primary care physician.
"Depressive and anxiety disorders occur in up to 20 percent of patients primary care physicians see, but studies have found poor recognition of these disorders and lack of quality of care, which is also associated with poor outcomes," said Wayne Katon, M.D., professor, vice-chair and director of the Division of Health Services and Psychiatric Epidemiology at the University of Washington Medical School in Seattle.
"Patients and primary care physicians are more satisfied with this model of care than usual primary care," he said. "Collaborative care has now been convincingly shown to meet the 'triple aim' of health reform, including improving quality of care, patient satisfaction, patient symptom and functional outcomes with either no increase in costs or reduced costs."
The whole systems approach may indeed work best for treating common mental health problems, said Archer. "Our results may have broader implications for clinical practice guidelines, which if they recommend this intervention, will enable more people who are suffering—especially with depression—to access evidence-based interventions."
The researchers found collaborative care provided benefits for "secondary" outcomes including medication use, mental health quality of life and patient satisfaction, but not so much for physical quality of life.


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Layers 1.0.3 full review
As a tech writer and Macworld editor, screenshots - snapshots of a computer's onscreen display - are immensely useful. But they're also important for educators, marketing folks, business people, and even those in IT and tech support. Any time showing something that appears on the screen would be illustrative or assistive, a screenshot comes in handy.
But for the most part, screenshot software - including Mac OS X's built-in feature - has been limited to capturing either the entire screen; a specific portion of the screen; or a single, individual element such as a window, a menu, or an icon. Which means that to get a decent screenshot, you usually have to spend some time organizing windows and clearing out things you don't want in the image.
An amazing new utility, Wuonm's Layers, changes all that. As with many other screenshot utilities, Layers takes a snapshot of your computer's screen at the press of a keyboard shortcut (by default, shift+option+S). But Layers' resulting image is jaw-droppingly different. Instead of a standard TIFF, JPEG, or PNG file, Layers' screenshots are Adobe Photoshop files…with every item on your screen contained in a different layer.
Let me repeat that: every item on your screen - every window, every palette, every menu, every menu-bar icon, every folder or file on the Desktop, and even the Dock and the Desktop background for each of your connected displays - is a separate, editable layer in the resulting Photoshop image file.
Even if you can't actually see an item, be it an icon on the Desktop or a window or palette hidden behind other things, Layers captures it and gives it its own layer.
For those who've never used Photoshop or layers, allow me a quick aside to explain. Imagine if a physical photo of a landscape was actually a stack of immeasurably thin transparency sheets, each containing a single item in that landscape—a tree, a rock, a bird, and so on.
If you decided you didn't like a particular tree stump, you could simply remove its sheet and it would disappear from your photo. If a rock was in the wrong place, you could move it by sliding its sheet. If a bird's colors weren't as bright as you'd prefer, you could add a bit of color to that transparency to make the bird stand out more. This is - oversimplifying greatly - how Photoshop's layers work: you can work with each layer's contents separately from all the rest.
What this means is that if you normally process your screenshots in Photoshop anyway, using Layers means you no longer have to meticulously set up your screen beforehand. Instead, you just capture the screen whenever the urge hits you; later, you can move objects around and modify them, change window layering, and delete items to your heart's content.
I could go on and on about how extraordinary this approach to screenshots is, but Layers also has a good number of other useful features. On the simple side, if all you want is a traditional shot of the frontmost window, shift+option+F will give you just that (in PNG format, with window shadows).
NEXT: Layers' Inspector window
- >> Read on…
- Pages
- 1
- 2


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Peace Corps, Aid Groups Evacuate Personnel From Ebola-Hit West Africa
Organizations Pull Staff, Volunteers From Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea as Deadly Virus Spreads
Several organizations are evacuating workers from the three countries where a five-month old Ebola outbreak has worsened.
The Peace Corps said Wednesday that it was temporarily removing 340 volunteers working in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea because of the virus's spread. Two corps volunteers were placed in isolation and under observation—though they aren't symptomatic—after coming in contact with an individual who later died of Ebola, a spokeswoman said....
To Read the Full Story


text:
Welcome to Team OcUK
- Welcome
- News
- About
- Terms of use
- Site stats
About the Site
The Team OcUK website was originally set up sometime around October 2002 to carry SETI@home Classic statistics for the Overclockers UK SETI@home team. Since then, the site has changed hands a few times, and, as of July 2004, work was started on building a BOINC statistics site. After several failed attempts to launch the site (mostly down to database design issues), the site finally launched fully in April 2005.
Although this site is run with the permission of the owner of the Overclockers UK shop (based in Stoke-on-Trent, England), the site is owned and maintained entirely independently from the Overclockers UK (Esnet Ltd) business.


text:
Need a PC for your business? Buy a refurbished Dell for less
Are you looking for maximum value in a high quality refurbished laptop at minimum cost? Dell Refurbished has everything you're looking for and more with regards to premium grade off lease refurbished Dell laptops, backed by the same value and reliability you've come to expect from Dell. If you're looking for a laptop that can be used for school, work, or home use, now's the time to get the right laptop at the best price. Looking to buy bulk laptops, click here for more details.


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Spring HousePlant Store
It's true when we say plants make people happy. We hope you'll make these plants an addition to your home or office
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Club Humbria Resort Night Club.
Clube Humbria is a modern family resort. Situated in the traditional fishing village of Olhos d'Agua, four kilometres from Albufeira and 800 metres from the beach. Sun worshippers can spend lazy days relaxing by the large freeform swimming pool, and kids will be kept entertained at the mini-club, children's pool and playground. An ideal resort for those seeking a relaxing break.


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The spiritual teachers of the past did not just set everything in motion and then just walk away. They left tracks for us to follow. The ancestors continue to offer support by providing us with clues as to how to find these tracks and follow them. — Hank Wesselman, PhD
I thought I would let everyone know that my good friend and shamanic teacher, Hank Wesselman, will be on Coast to Coast AM on April 26th from 11pm to 2am Pacific Time, and will be talking about, among other things, his new book, The Bowl of Light (Sounds True, May 2011), which I am reading right now and I'll be posting about when I finish. If you cannot listen to the live broadcast, you can listen to it after it airs at the Coast to Coast AM website.
In 1996, Hank came into relationship with the Hawaiian elder and kahuna, Hale Makua, and over the years Makua provided Hank with a rare glimpse into the heart of the kahuna tradition and before his untimely death in 2004, granted Hank permission to share sacred knowledge seldom imparted to outsiders.


text:
Powerplant Cassette + Happy Face T-Shirt (White)
$23.99 – $25.99
More Information
This bundle includes:
– Girlpool – Powerplant Cassette (White)
– Girlpool Happy Face T-Shirt (White)
Artwork by Jason Roy
•Manufacturer: Tultex
• Fabric Content: 100% Cotton
Track list:
Side A
- 123
- sleepless
- corner store
- your heart
- kiss and burn
- fast dust
Side B
- powerplant
- high rise
- soup
- she goes by
- it gets more blue
- static somewhere
This purchase includes a digital download of the single "123" as well as the entire album. You will be emailed a link to access "123" shortly after purchase. You will be emailed a link to access the full album download on the release date.


text:
There are no Upcoming Shows listed for this comedian.
Matt Ralston
Matt Ralston grew up in Alaska, and went to college in Seattle. He currently resides in Los Angeles and does shows all over the place. Matt is skilled at going into hot tubs. He can stay in the hot tub for quite a while, and, even though he gets sweaty, he just continues sitting in the hot water. People sometimes become concerned that he's been in there too long, but it doesn't phaze him. Apart from that, Matt enjoys listening to pop songs and changing the words around to produce hilarious song parodies.
Matt Ralston's Upcoming Shows
Matt Ralston is Known For


text: I was reading the interview with CM Stewart and Jason Klass and how Chris has gone to Japan a few times on business and all. It made me wonder how much does being interested in things Japanese have to do with being interested in tenkara? I admit I love certain things about that culture and when I found out about tenkara's Japanese origin that made it all the better. So the question is how much did tenkara being japanese have to do with getting started in tenkara?


text:
We help you to consult and hire the best Supreme Court & High Court Recovery lawyers in Kavant, Chhota Udaipur. Use filters to narrow your search and find the best advocate in Kavant, Chhota Udaipur, whether its a family dispute or divorce lawyer, property lawyer, employment or labor court lawyer, criminal lawyer, recovery or cheque bounce lawyer, taxation or corporate lawyer, or a lawyer expert in any other field of law.
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DESCRIPTION: In general meaning, recovery means to recover something or the return of something you have lost. In legal term recovery means the amount of money, property or any other right which is awarded to the plaintiff in a lawsuit. Recovery can be of anything like the recovery of land, property or money. When damage occurs plaintiff is awarded the recovery of damages. Recovering damages is a loss or harm resulting from injury to any person, his property or reputation....
Experienced Recovery Lawyer in kavant, chhota udaipur: When any suit for recovery is filed, the court after satisfying either order compensation, fines, restitution payment to the victim or any other obligation referred. A recovery certificate is given of debts due to the bank and financial institutions. It is given against the person by whom the amount is to be recovered. Civil procedure code: order xxxvii of CPC provides provision for suits of recovery. Section 405 and 406 of kavant, chhota udaipurn penal code, 1908 provides provision related to criminal breach of trust and its punishment.
This is applicable to :
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INDIAN CONTRACT ACT, 1872: kavant, chhota udaipur being a developing country has lots of problems which is faced by every individual every now and then. One of the biggest problems is the enforcement of a contract. People are not aware and due to lack of legal knowledge, they face contractual related problems. They are not aware of the fact that what might happen in future in case of non-fulfillment of any contract. kavant, chhota udaipurn laws provide with certain remedies in case of recovery like civil remedies, criminal remedies or out of court settlements. The kavant, chhota udaipurn contract is mother law for debt recovery, section 73, of this act provides compensation of loss or damage by breach of contract. When there is a breach of contract, to enforce it in order to recover the debts, suit needs to be instituted.
Limitation act: In this act certain time period is given that means a person against whom the court has ordered to pay any compensation, the court specifically limits the time period under which that person has to pay the compensation
WHY CHOOSE US: In Our Country, there are so many cases which are pending in each case court orders to pay compensation for the damages occurred. Lawtendo has the best lawyers across in kavant, chhota udaipur who renders the best service. Who is specialized in the field of contract, revenue act, and other Civil related matters? Our aim is to provide the client with a better attorney, the client have the option to choose an attorney. We offer you a great assistance in less time.


text:
| 11.6°C Belfast
Experts believe that 10 British women may have travelled to Syria to join the fighting in the war-torn state.
Hundreds of Britons are thought to have gone to the Middle Eastern country over the last few years to join arms in the bloody battle against against President Bashar Assad's regime.
Yesterday police made an unprecedented appeal calling on Muslim women to urge their relatives not to join the conflict following a number of deaths of British men on Syria's battlefields.
Counter-terrorism officers warned that young, idealistic men were in danger of being radicalised and aspiring jihadis may be travelling to Syria for terror training.
Some 40 Syria-related arrests were made in the first three months of this year, up from 25 in the whole of last year, and Scotland Yard warned that Britons caught fighting in Syria were crossing a "red line" and would be investigated.
But there are fears that women joining their husbands in rebel groups to try to oust Assad may inadvertently be helping him stay in power as they clash with other factions trying to depose him, the Daily Mirror said.
The newspaper claimed that 10 British women - two teenagers from Portsmouth, two women from London, another from Surrey and five from cities in the north of England - had travelled to join the jihad.
It is believed they may have linked up with the rebel group Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which is so violent it has reportedly been disowned by al Qaida.
Shiraz Maher, an expert in radicalisation from Kings College London, told the Mirror: "Most British jihadists go to Syria for sincere reasons to help in what they believe is a struggle against oppression but many don't appreciate the reality on the ground.
"There are around 10 British women out there, we believe, and most have travelled to Syria with their husbands.
"They go believing they will fight jihad to overthrow Assad but may actually be getting in the way of the rebellion by joining groups and fuelling the infighting they are involved in.
"Depending on who they sign up with, like ISIS, they will end up fighting some of the original rebel groups such as the Free Syrian Army.
"There is evidence that in the complex struggles ISIS in particular has been infiltrated by Assad's forces."
Around 400 Britons are believed to have gone to Syria over the last two years, authorities believe, with an estimated 20 having died.
Among them is 18 year-old Abdullah Deghayes, from Brighton, who is believed to have died in Kassab, in Latakia province, earlier this month after leaving the UK in January.
His aunt, Amina Deghayes, questioned yesterday's announcement, saying it failed to provide a concrete solution to the problem of young men flocking to fight in the civil war.
She warned that families are already urging their loved ones not to fight, but too often their appeals fall on deaf ears.
Abdullah's two brothers, Jaffar, 16, and 20-year-old Amer, have also travelled to Syria to fight. Despite desperate pleas from their family, they have refused to return home from the frontline.
Officers are working with Muslim charities and community groups nationally on the new campaign. They are also distributing a leaflet in the shape of a passport warning Britons about the dangers of travelling to Syria.


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I went through the old Flavours food magazines and I found this Choon Pniah (Egg Spring roll) recipe shared by Theresa Goh. The earlier yummy crab laksa recipe is from her too. She is come from a Peranakan family in Penang. I like all recipes shared by her, going to try out more her recipes in the future.
Choon Pniah ( Nyonya Egg Spring Roll ) 娘惹春餅(Recipe source: adapted from Flavours Food magazine, recipe by Theresa Goh, with minor changes)
*makes 9 spring rolls, with some leftover filling
Filling125g chicken, diced (mix with 1/2tsp cornstartch)
100g fresh prawns, diced
2 cloves garlic, chopped
1 onion, chopped
30g carrot, shredded
400g yambean (sengkuang), shredded
2 soaked Chinese black mushroom, shredded
1/2tbsp soy sauce, or to taste
1/2tbsp sugar
1tsp salt or to taste
Pepper to taste
Cooking oil
dark caramel soy sauce for colouring,optional
- Heat oil in a work, fry garlic and onions till aroma but not browned.
- Add in chicken and prawns, fry until aromatic.
- Add in carrot, yambean and mushroom, fry for 1min before adding water. Allow to cook until yambean is translucent and dry, about 15mins. Set aside to cool.
Homemade Worcestershire Sauce
1 pc small cinnamon
2 cloves
½ star anise
3tbsp water
1tbsp dark soy sauce
1tsp light soy sauce
1tsp mustard ( I use dijon mustard)
1 and 1/2tbsp white vinegar
1 and 1/2tbsp caster sugar
1/4tsp salt or to taste
- Mix all ingredients in a small saucepan, bring the sauce to boil and lower the heat, simmer uncovered till sauce turned thick, took about 10mins.
150g plain flour1 tbsp corn flour
1 egg
1/4tp salt
300g water
- Combine the flour and cornflour in a mixing bowl. Make a well in the centre and add in the egg, salt and water, mix well.
- Lightly grease a 7" non-stick pan over low medium heat. Place a scoop of the batter onto the centre of the pan and swirl to coat the pan to make a thin crepe.If batter is too thick, add water to thin it down.
- The crepe is done when the sides start to curd. Remove from pan and make another crepe. Stack crepes on a bamboo basket.
To assemble and fry- place some filling on a crepe and roll up to enclose the filling completely (seal with glue (1tbsp plain flour + 1 1/2tbsp water). Heat enough oil in a wok for deep frying. Slip in the rolls, several at a time, and deep fry over a medium flame until golden and crisp. Drain on paper towels.
To serve – Cut spring roll into 3 segments, serve with cut chillies and homemade Worcestershire sauce.
I am submitting this post to Malaysian Food Fest, Penang Month hosted by Alan of Travellingfoodies


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- Mother, Daughter, Sister, Aunt, Friend, Business Woman, etc. means I am diverse, I am not defined by any one group, I am at all times everything I need to be.
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on May 11, 2015
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The patient went on to have surgery.
MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION: Paraffin sections show fragments of a mildy hypercellular glial tumor. T..."
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DNeasy PowerSoil Kit
For the isolation of microbial genomic DNA from all soil types
Isolate DNA from any soil or environmental sample source with the DNeasy PowerSoil Kit. The DNeasy PowerSoil Kit can isolate microbial genomic DNA from even tough compost, sediment or manure samples using Inhibitor Removal Technology (IRT). IRT eliminates humic acid content leaving highly pure DNA for downstream applications analysis. PCR analysis can detect DNA from a variety of organisms including fungi, algae, Gram (+/-) bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis), actinomycetes (e.g., Streptomyces) and nematodes.
Isolation of DNA using the DNeasy PowerSoil Kit can be automated on the QIAcube Connect.
DNeasy PowerSoil Kit was formerly sold by MO BIO as PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit.
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text:
By Robert Chalmers, The Independent
Some call Max Keiser a 'traitor' but America's most outrageous political pundit is about to become the most widely watched newscaster on the planet. Here, he explains why he won't be voting in Tuesday's US election.
A serf in the days of King John, Max Keiser argues, was in many ways better off than some US voters in 2012.
"Because in the age of Robin Hood," Keiser says, "at least the process of theft was transparent. The barons came to your house. They whacked you over the head then they took all your money." Even if the poor didn't exactly empathise with their oppressors, Keiser adds, they could at least comprehend their methods. "And the serfs," he continues, "did enjoy a modicum of stability. They got something in return for their enslavement. A small plot of land. Shelter. A relationship with the lord of the manor." In the modern age of "financial tyranny" orchestrated by what Keiser refers to as "the banksters" in charge of the major financial institutions in the US and Europe, he believes, "We have reverted to a more pernicious kind of neo-feudalism. The instruments of larceny have changed; that's all."
What better time, you might ask, to have the opportunity to vote in a presidential election? But the real forces which shape the destiny of his homeland, Keiser says, have long been impervious to democratic pressure.
"Barack Obama," he maintains, "has been a huge disappointment. He reneged on every one of his campaign promises except one: he did buy his kids a dog. Of course he could be replaced in this election, but if that happens we will simply inherit a different version of the same thing, just as we have done in the US for the past 30 years. The guy in the White House," he believes, "is really taking his orders from finance."


text:
Welcome to WCRWC
We are a group of Republican women (and men) with like-minded beliefs joined together to make a difference in our community.
When and Where We Meet
We invite anyone who supports our cause to join this group. Our meetings are held on ... of each month. Please contact an administrator if you are interested in attending or becoming a member.
Our 2013 Officers
President - Jeanie Moore
Vice President -
Secretary -
Treasurer - Diane Lee
Advisors/members at large -
A Cartoon Is Worth 1,000 Words
Ramirez and other political cartoons often explain an issue better than a professor.
Join Now through 2013
Please fill out the Membership form below and either send in payment or pay securely online now.


text:
Friends are some of the most important people in our lives. They are always there for us, whether we need a good laugh, cry, or anything in between. These relationships should be cherished and celebrated – especially this weekend because Sunday, August 5 is Friendship Day!
Spend the day with good friends on a fun adventure, or maybe just stay in and reminisce about all the memories you've made together over the years. Don't live near your closest friends? Plan a good hour or two to catch up on the phone.
Sending a friendship eCard is a sweet gesture that is sure to make your friends smile, or post a digital postcard on facebook to let everyone know that it's Friendship Day. Remember, every friend deserves a little reminder of how special they are!


text:
Blumenthal: Connecticut impact possible in Pentagon cuts
HARTFORD -- Federal budget cuts known as the sequester could damage Connecticut's significant aerospace industry, U.S. Sen. Richard Blumenthal said Monday while on a trade trip to France.
Without action by President Barack Obama and Congress, the Pentagon spending cuts will occur on March 1.
"I'm still hopeful the sequester can be avoided," Blumenthal said in a conference call with reporters. "Most certainly, it should be."
The cuts would drain $85 billion from the federal budget over the next seven months. Cuts may be around 13 percent for defense and 9 percent for other programs because lawmakers delayed their impact, requiring savings over a shorter period of time.
Blumenthal, on his first trade trip since he took office in January 2011, was in Toulouse, France, to help boost Connecticut business contracts with Airbus.
He said the sequester would be "very dangerous" to the U.S. and Connecticut economies and national security. The cuts would be felt by jet engine maker Pratt & Whitney, a subsidiary of United Technologies Corp., and Electric Boat, a General Dynamics Corp. subsidiary, he said.
Greg Hayes, chief financial officer of United Technologies Corp., told investor analysts on Feb. 7 that he does not expect the sequester to be stopped. The impact on the aerospace conglomerate's profit will be small, but it will be felt, he said.
"I think the sequester will happen," Hayes said. "I don't think it's going to be as bad as people think, but there will be some impact."
Blumenthal said the trade trip is intended to capitalize on Connecticut's aerospace businesses, with exports for Airbus valued at $5.3 billion.
He could not report a specific contract resulting from the two-day trade trip, he said, "but clearly, the prospects are enormous."


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guest post, Seventy Tree
blog and is one of the sweetest out there!She has has a fantastic shop too,
I bought this postcard and it came with an adorable pin, which Israel wears on his scarf!
Hello everyone! It is so nice to be here. Thank you very much Jennifer for inviting me along to guest post on your lovely blog...which is very exciting for me, seeing as I have followed you for so long!
My post for you all today includes a real mixture! Random bits and pieces that I have been gathering and am very much liking at the moment. I hope you do too!
First up is this very cool space. I'm a big fan of warm wood, mid-century furniture and white walls, teamed with brightly coloured accessories, so this is pretty perfect (in my opinion). Via
Secondly, I've chosen one of my Etsy finds, a very sweet polaroid camera necklace by That Kate. Definitely going on my Christmas list. I love it!
Next up are these amazing lampshades by Londoner Sarah Newman, whose company DesignBark exhibited recently at Tent London (a superb exhibition that was part of London Design Week). My little family went along, so I got to see these in the flesh....and I have to say, they were beautiful. I'm a big three-sided-shape fan, so I really want one...but which colour??
Finally, I have chosen two Folksy finds, 'Monty The Sleepy Fox,' a gorgeous lambswool knit by Sara Carr. He is so cute...my daughter would love him, but she'd have to share him with her mummy too! And to finish off and to say thank you for having me, I have chosen this very appropriate 'Thanks, Merci, Tusen, Takk, Grazie etc" screen print by talented design-duo, All Cats Are Grey.
Thanks again Jennifer for having me. I've had lots of fun putting this together. I hope you all have lovely days x
Thank you Kerry!
Other Stories
6 comments:
- AnonymousOctober 28, 2010
I'm on a seemingly eternal hunt to figure out what family/source of wood is used for the flooring in that top picture. So nice. Whitewashed ash perhaps? Any ideas?ReplyDelete
I love love LOVE those lampshades, thanks for sharing.ReplyDelete
One of my favorite blogs !ReplyDelete
Really awesome post! Thanks for all the links and beautifulness. :)ReplyDelete
The first room in this post is to die for. I came across your post this morning while browsing interior design blogs and your take on interior décor is exquisite. The lighting and warm textural colors really bring the windows and walls of this room to life. It is true that you must dress your windows appropriately to bring out their true beauty. Thank you for writing and as a special thanks to you and your readers, I would like to offer a 20% off coupon using this code upon checkout: BLG20.ReplyDelete
love the lamp shades! thanks for the share.ReplyDelete
Thank you for your comments, I love hearing from you!
Questions, comments or sponsorship inquires, please contact me via the 'contact' link.


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Podcast: Play in new window | Download
We examine a disturbing case where a cop charged with child rape was allowed to remain employed by the police department; and then, there's a deal between University of Kent & Pornhub which has ruffled a few feathers. Later, Nintendo wants you to sleep, & we celebrate the GWAR cover of West End Girls. Our Craniumelody artist is The Whitlams, & we discover a virus that saps your brain-power.
Topics Discussed:
- Shout-Outs and Other Remarks
- Bad Cop No Donut
- Pornhub and the University of Kent
- The Whitlams
- Nintendo
- Alice in Chains
- Zombie Apocalypse
- WTF: Fido Gets Some
- WTF: An Erotic Haunted House
- Cream
BlendoveR is the "trendover" podcast, bringing you the news that the news isn't covering. Presented by Greg Davies, we focus on topics that are not trending across the web and in the mainstream media, and have a knack accurate predictions of coming events, trends, and media coverage.
Doctor Who TARDISblend 80: Flatline
Doctor Who TARDISblend 81: In The Forest Of The Night
How Major News Outlets Pay-To-Trend Using Facebook Boost
Bad Cop No Donut
Autopsy: Police shot black man with sword in back
Birmingham Police Department terminates officer charged with child sex abuse, rape in Alabaster
Cop kept his job after child molestation charges, now charged again with first-degree rape – still keeps job
Pornhub and the University of Kent
Football team are banned from wearing their Pornhub sponsored jerseys
University Balks at Club's Adult-Site Shirt Sponsorship
The Whitlams
Wikipedia: Gough Whitlam – Dismissal
Wikipedia: 1975 Australian constitutional crisis
Wikipedia: John Kerr (governor-general)
The Whitlams on Whitlam: "He took the theft of his name so gracefully"
Nintendo's next gadget to track, improve sleep patterns
Alice In Chains
Alice in Chains New Video is Creepy, was Released Through BitTorrent
Zombie Apocalypse
A Virus Found In Lakes May Be Literally Changing The Way People Think
How To Survive A Real 'Walking Dead' Zombie Apocalypse
There's a Virus Living in Your Throat That Could Sap Your Brain Power
Zombie Apocalypse: How The State Of Kansas Is Officially Preparing For A 'Walking Dead' Scenario
WTF: Fido Gets Some
Oklahoma couple arrested in connection to video that shows woman engaging in sex acts with dog
WTF: An Erotic Haunted House
This Is What the Inside of an Erotic Haunted House Looks Like
Jack Bruce, Cream's Adventurous Bassist, Dies at 71
Recommended Listening:
- "Gough" by The Whitlams streaming online at Last.fm
- "White Room" by Cream from the compilation Gold
- "West End Girls" by GWAR streaming online at AVClub.com


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Blog Archives
Prevent falling into bad company
To protect a person from falling into the bad company – ACHUDAM ANANDAM GOVINDAM is the mantra. This is for people not to fall into bad company or for not attracting bad company.
Achudam Anandam will work inside the brain. The command from brain should go in the right direction to the ear, and then only the person will be a good person.
You can do it for others using glass of water method.
That is why after the thread ceremony, the person is asked to perform the Sandhya Vandhanam, in which the first mantra is "Achuthaya Namaha Ananthaya Namaha Govindhaya Namaha".
The thread ceremony is performed not to fall into the bad company.
Related Blog
Water Treatment: http://wp.me/p3ox03-p


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Morgan Stanley analyst Mary Meeker provides an excellent industry overview every year at Web 2.0. Below is the presentation she gave this afternoon (easiest to view by clicking the icon at the bottom right of the player, which makes it a full screen).
Bottom line? Economy bleak. Online ad outlook bleak. Inventory glut bleak. Mobile, video, social networking, and other "undermonetized" platforms less bleak. Eventually, dollars will follow eyeballs online and improved targeting will drive CPMs back up. 3G at tipping point. Amazon strong. A handful of companies should survive.
Mary Meeker Web 2.0 Presentation
View SlideShare presentation or Upload your own.


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Looking for an RV topic? Search the entire forum HERE
Hi Everyone, 2. We forgot to uncap the end of the sewer hose when we were dumping the tank. We had released the black water, and thought we heard it draining. We then released the grey water. Then we realized that the cap was still on the end of the sewer hose. My husband had the unfortunate duty of uncapping it. Sewage then burst out about 4 feet in every direction. It was a disgusting mess and a lot to clean up. Luckily, no one was waiting in line and we had lots of bleach. It was very scary though.
LOLThank you for giving me some good advice and some good giggles. I hope our first trip goes a little better than yours!
Many times driven away with steps down and or assist handle out. Had our fifth wheel at the factory once. I had welded a receiver hitch to the frame on the rear and installed one of the wire mesh carriers that we put our bikes on. Got a few blocks from the factory, turned a corner and the carrier slid up beside the trailer with bikes still attached. Pulled over and found that the factory folks did not put the pin back in for the carrier.
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