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Σ Sigma Hosting is mainly a video tutorial website
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Video Discription
Also, if you are looking for a new company name check our Business Name Generator –
Welcome to "How to choose a great domain name."
Your domain name is a critical part of your online identity. As your unique internet address, it can help put you on the fast track to business success – or be a stumbling block to reaching your goals. So knowing what makes for a good domain name matters.
For starters, keep it short and relevant to your business. A name that's easy to spell and type is a bonus.
For instance, if your business is cleaning windows, you'll want your domain name to include the keywords "window" and "cleaning" or "clean"- because those are the words people will search when they need your service.
Numbers, whether spelled out or as digits, and dashes can create confusion. Avoid forcing customers into mental gymnastics trying to recall your online address.
The domain "bestwindowcleaning.com," three short words, is way easier to remember and type than number1-windowcleaning-4u.com
For local businesses, including your city, state, or region in your domain helps your customers find you faster. For example, seattlewindowcleaning.com is more targeted than bestwindowcleaning.com.
Now for the extension…. that's the part of the domain name following the dot. If you can get ".com," go for it. It's the most widely used extension, but it's also been around so long that getting a short, memorable name that ends in .com can be a challenge.
Other popular extensions include .net, .org., .info. and .biz. Plus, hundreds of fun new ones are now available, like .guru, .shop, .nyc, and .actor. These descriptive extensions allow you to perfectly represent your business and boost your brand.
Speaking of your brand, you can protect and build it by purchasing misspelled versions of your domain name so customers who get it wrong are still ushered to your website. It's also a good idea to purchase your domain with various extensions to prevent competitors from registering them.
Finally, make haste. Domain names sell fast. But most are affordable, so get your favorite domain registered now before someone else beats you to it.
Domain registrars, like GoDaddy, streamline the process of finding a good domain name because they know which names are and are not available, and help with your search by suggesting relevant alternate domains when the one you want is already taken.
Need a great domain name? There's one waiting for you.


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We are working hard to update this page…..
Please Give Today
Watch videoTake a moment and watch this moving video of Nolan receiving his new, custom fitted wheelchair. Please give what you can. Your gift will help more children realize their dream of independence.
Upcoming Events 2018-19
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A COPY OF THE OFFICIAL REGISTRATION AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE DIVISION OF CONSUMER SERVICES BY CALLING TOLL-FREE WITHIN THE STATE #1-800-435-7352 or their website www.800helpfla.com. REGISTRATION DOES NOT IMPLY ENDORSEMENT, APPROVAL, OR RECOMMENDATION BY THE STATE. CH #34530.

subset: commoncrawl


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Availability: In stock
- Format:Paperback
- Subject(s):Mathematics
- Qualification:Cambridge AS and A Level
- Author(s):
- Available from: July 2018
This series has been developed specifically for the Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics (9709) syllabus to be examined from 2020.
Availability: In stock
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This title offers additional practice exercises for students following the Probability & Statistics 1 unit of the Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics syllabus (9709). The materials follow the same order as the corresponding coursebook and contain extra worked examples to help students understand the skills required of the syllabus. End-of-chapter review exercises are also provided to help students conduct self assessment, with answers at the back of the book to check understanding.
- Contents
The chapters follow the same order as the corresponding coursebook to ensure easy navigation.
Extra practice questions offer students further opportunity to reinforce and consolidate skills.
End-of-chapter review exercises help students to conduct self-assessment, with answers at the back of the book for students to check understanding.
- Introduction
- 1. Representation of data
- 2. Measures of central tendency
- 3. Measures of variation
- 4. Probability
- 5. Permutations and combinations
- 6. Probability distributions
- 7. The binomial and geometric distributions
- 8. The normal distribution
- Answers
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If you're looking for more W196 action after last night's post, look no further: here's seven glorious minutes of footage from the 1955 Dutch Grand Prix.
This was the first major motor race held after the Le Mans disaster of June 11, 1955. Safety did not exactly progress in leaps and bounds in the seven days separating the events: hay bales still served as the imperfect Armco of the day.
Juan Manuel Fangio and Stirling Moss—who had been retired from the lead at Le Mans out of respect for the dozens of dead—are given a vigorous chase by Luigi Musso in the Maserati 250F.
And it's all in fancy color, with the sand dunes of Circuit Park Zandvoort as the background.
Photo on top taken at the previous race, the Belgian Grand Prix, it shows Fangio on his way to yet another win. Credit: Daimler AG


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JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – He's 7 years old and is fighting cancer for the fourth time. But on Saturday, Christopher Singleton will get to forget his troubles and fulfill his lifelong dream of meeting LeBron James, and it's all thanks to Jacksonville firefighters.
Christopher wore his pajamas Friday for Polar Express Day at school. But he's worn pajamas far too often in the hospital fighting cancer.
His mom, Leslie Singleton, has watched him fight it four times since he was 2. The cancer started in his kidney and right now is in his brain.
"I have my days, but for the most part you just get up and go. You have to," Leslie said.
Christopher loves sports and plays baseball in a local league. His coach is a Jacksonville firefighter and worked with the Jacksonville Association of Firefighters to fulfill Christopher's dream of meeting his basketball hero.
"He runs fast. He makes good slam dunks, and he always makes good two-pointers," Christopher said of the NBA superstar James.
And Christopher will get to play with James before Saturday's Miami Heat game.
"I'm so happy that I get to meet LeBron James and play on the court and play basketball with him," Christopher said.
It's just the kind of treat a 7-year-old fighting a battle daily to survive needs.


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Just got an e-mail from WI. They apologized for NOT putting out a Non-Steam version by giving me another STEAM game for free. Are these folks for real? I could get a STEAM version of WoM if wanted to. I don't want Steam.
They even had my backing amount listed with the "rewards." Give me my money back, not another STEAM game.


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amandaxcullen wrote:paxton26 wrote: Anyway I am sure Twlight will pull big numbers. I bet it will boost book sales again too!
I went to the bookstore today and they had the Cullen family on the cover of the new Twilight paperbacks.
They made it a super small book now but it comes with a poster. I like the original better.
Yeah someone at work stole my original copy of "Twilight" withthe apple so i had to get the new paper back one with Edward and Bella on the cover. I was re-reading it for my book club and its already completely ruined on the edges. Im extra careful with my books so I was pretty mad about that.


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Around 200.000 people are visiting Australia each year from Germany, Austria and Switzerland - most of them on holiday. They are your potential clients. Check out the unique opportunities to get in touch with a lot of them in using our service. Please click also on the following additional sources - provided for your better understanding of market and services.
Your marketing targets: Promotion Tools to suit your requirements.
What's your promotion target? We show you how to use AUSTRALIEN-INFO.DE to achieve your goals most efficiently.
Among the various web-sites in German language we are proud to offer a series of quite unique features. We invite you to explore the most...
comprehensive guide of tourism destinations of Oz.
current compilation of facts and hints for easy travelling to and within Australia.
frequented meeting-point for exchanging indiviudual travel information.
bustling virtual marketplace for Australian Travel - where tourism operators find their new clients.
This service enjoys an exceptional reputation as highly reliable source of information. This is reflected in lots of press-reviews (statements are only available in German)
The contents are currently divided in 7 sections. All information is kept up to date as often as possible and new contents are added step by step.
|News (Aktuell)
A compilation of News of all categories of AUSTRALIEN-INFO.DE and information about weather, exhibtion and club meeting dates, up-to-date travel offers and many more.
We rely on heaps of sources - primarily own resaech, secondly press releases, information services, electronic newspapers, print media and much more.
|Facts (Fakten)
The preparation for Travelling will be easier with...
|Travelling to Australia (Anreise)
There are various options to reach Australian shores. This section show them almost completly:
Systematic in-depth-information on selected attractions of Australias major holiday destinations and also various places off the beaten track.
|Operators (Anbieter)
A comprehensive interactive database of Operators of tourism services for tours to and in Australia - especially provided for the needs of the Germanspeaking market - one of the most important features of AUSTRALIEN-INFO.DE. As far as we know it is the only one of its kind.
If your service is not mentioned in this database, please do not hestitate to list yourself online now.
|Idealer Ausgangspunkt für die Suche weiterer Informationen über Australien - insbesondere zu Reise-Themen. Hier finden Sie Literatur-Tipps, Kontakt zu Australien-Insidern und Auswanderern, Web-Seiten von Australien-Fans, und Rezensionen von anderen Medien wie Musik, Kino u.v.m.
|Sie haben noch Fragen? Oder Sie suchen einen Reisepartner? Oder Sie möchten sich regelmäßig auf dem laufenden halten? In der Rubrik Service finden Sie die Antwort auf diese Fragen - vom 14-tägigen Newsletter über eine FAQ-Liste und unserem beliebten Australien-Forum bis hin zu einer Reisepartner-Börse.
The most frequented forum of indivudual discussion and information research about travelling to and in Australia in German language in the Internet. Our users seek...
A bi-weekly newsletter keeps our users up to date about...
AUSTRALIEN-INFO.DE offers several interesting options for joining this virtual marketplace. The basic inclusion is even free! Aparat from the basic service - the listing in the interactive database - we welcome your requests for further cooperation.
|They are all right here
Whether private or business users - you will find them from in Germany, Austria and Switzerland all right here:
|Highly efficient
|Our clearly defined target-group gives you an unparalleled "No worries-guarantee": You are spending your advertising money without targeting the wrong ones.
|Tailored to your needs
|You can even select links to your local or regional service from the descriptions of those towns or regions you are doing your business!
|Increasingly popular
|Every month you will get the benefits of our media-presence, that is reflected in continously rising user figures.
|Good company
|Your good name will find good company. Our virtual marketplace of operators is already joined of a wide range of businesses.
Dipl. Betriebswirt (BA)
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Dipl. Betriebswirt (FH)
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expert for &
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expert for
|Foundation in Allmersbach im Tal, near Stuttgart (in the state of Baden-Württemberg) - Germany
|Travel Info Net Neuseeland - an interactive sales portfolio for the destination New Zealand, mainly produced as sales tool for the tourism industry.
|Discover Australia - an interactive tourguide on CD-ROM - for BRITZ:Australia - Australias major operator of recreation vehicles and group tours in German Language.
|Launch of AUSTRALIEN-INFO.DE at November 15. Meanwhile AUSTRALIEN-INFO.DE is the most popular source of information about travelling to and in Australia in the web for all Germanspeakers.
|Various new features in AUSTRALIEN-INFO.DE added, like operator databases, online shop etc.
|Launch of second comprehensive destination service US-INFOS.DE in 4th quarter.
|Launch of the new stopover portal STOPOVER-INFO.DE answering all questions concerning the flight to Australia and stopover options.
|Complete Redesign from AUSTRALIEN-INFO.DE and Relaunch with new outfit and lots of new services
Jörg Lenz uad Roland Peyer with Nunkul Yugerra Aboriginal Dance Group at tourism show CMT
We invite you to explore the service of AUSTRALIEN-INFO.DE.
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Your imagination will be captivated and you will be amazed "Beyond Belief". Niagara Falls Magic Show!
No other city in Southwestern Ontario can compete with the events, concerts and shows of Niagara Falls. There is a great variety of events and shows to choose from and if you can't decide what to see, you could extend your Niagara Falls vacation and see even more of the fantastic city!s s
Get up close and personal with the biggest headliners in show biz at the Fallsview Casino! Ringo Starr, Jay Leno, ionel Richie, Diana Ross, just to name a few, are some of the stars you can watch them perform! Every Friday and Sunday don't miss one of most spectacular fireworks shows in the Niagara region. Don't forget to check the Niagara Falls Convention Center Events Calendar, they feature great events like Comic - Con, or the Niagara Food & Wine Expo. and of course in winter, we have the Winter Festival of Lights, Canada's foremost illumination festival!
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Cake Mania Main Street for iPad
- Publisher: GameHouse
- Genre: Simulation
- Released: 18 Nov, 2010
- Size: 80.7 MB
- Price: $4.99
- App Store Info
Please note that this game is not supported on iOS 8.
Game Description:
Grab a baker's dozen of fun in the highly anticipated sequel to the hit series! Help Jill and her friends get Main Street buzzing once again.
Main Street has quickly turned into an avenue of deserted shops and closed storefronts thanks to Baker's Corner, a new corporate mega mall. Gone are the days of families shopping in her old hangout, but Jill isn't about to give up yet. With steely determination and lots of luck, she Jill and her friends are about to undertake an impressive renovation project that will bring the shoppers back to Main Street.
Jump into the cake mix with Jill and get the dough rolling once again. Purchase, open, manage and upgrade four unique shops like the Evans Bakery, Risha's Flowers and Tiny's Sumo Sushi. Bake cakes, create floral arrangements, serve 40 delicious recipes and more in 100 fast-paced levels. With hilarious new customers, fantastic upgrades and incredible tourist attractions to build, restoring Main Street will be your most rewarding challenge yet!
• Help Jill and friends restore Main Street in this fun Time Management Challenge.
• Purchase, open, manage and upgrade four unique shops in 100 fast-paced levels.
• Bake cakes, create floral arrangements, serve delicious recipes and more!
• Build incredible tourist attractions to bring the shoppers back to Main Street!
Please note that this game is not supported on iOS 8.x.
Highly recommended for fans of Sally's Salon, Diner Dash and Wedding Dash.
GameHouse Guarantee: We take pride in the loyalty and trust our customers show us when they purchase a GameHouse product. If you are not completely satisfied with your recent purchase, please contact us at [email protected]


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Harlem Hospital Center has completed an investigation of 7,000 heart tests going back five years, most of which had never been reviewed by doctors, a spokeswoman for the hospital said on Wednesday.Recall that the echocardiogram technicians were only sending abnormal tests for cardiologists to review, and only presumed normal tests were never read (or signed) by a certified cardiologist.
The investigation found that 14 patients might have been misdiagnosed because their tests had not been handled properly, said the spokeswoman, Ana Marengo. Twelve of the patients had been contacted, and none of them were found to have suffered adverse effects from the failure to properly read their tests, Ms. Marengo said."
I wonder what the "normal" echocardiogram reading error rate is for board-certified cardiologists?


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Pink Oval Railling Planter Small - ELM19-021-035
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for your purchase. All you need is your membership ID and password for the relevant loyalty program to use PointsPay. (Etihad Guest Rewards or Etisalat More Rewards)


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Dobango, the newest venture by Nexage founder Devkumar Gandhi, has launched the first social marketing platform for Pinterest. The new Dobango Social Marketing Solution for Pinterest allows brands to create and manage contests that are driven directly by the activity of Pinterest users.
Image Credit: Dobango
Although Pinterest has yet to release a public API, Dobango works on top on the Pinterest Platform by integrating Pinterest API coding to automatically push pins onto brand-sponsored contest boards. The activity and engagement data of Pinterest users is then retrieved and posted to the contest landing page which allows contest progress to be tracked in real-time.
"We believe we have 'cracked the code,'" said Devkumar Gandhi, "and for the first time there is a simple way to run, manage and virally spread social campaigns on Pinterest."
Dobango has already experienced some success with this new Pinterest social marketing solution.
The recent marketing campaign with Outta the Park BBQ Sauce asked Pinterest users to "post their best photos from feasts, gatherings and picnics to the brand's Pinterest page." Pinterest Users chose their favorites by clicking "like" or "repin" buttons and "daily and overall winners were awarded prizes."
According to the announcement, the contest resulted in an increased Pinterest following for Outta the Park BBQ Sauce of over 150% and an increased Facebook following of 40%.
Brands have been looking for a way to leverage the power and popularity of Pinterest to market their products and engage with their customers and fans. Dobango successfully helps brands to achieve this goal because brands are able to "reward the behavior people already demonstrate on Pinterest."
To read more about the Dobango Social Marketing Solution for Pinterest, please visit www.dobango.com/pinterest.


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Wild West is the latest NextGen slot game that has the Super Bet feature to add some more cash to your bankroll. It is a 5 reel 10 payline slot game which can be played on both your desktop and mobile devices. A welcome feature which gives additional wilds, multipliers and multiple free games; the Super Bet feature will increase your bankroll and add to your gameplay.
Wild West symbols
A typical western setting with the swinging chandeliers, a long bar with the sunlight streaming through the windows. It looks like NextGen is having some fun. Even the look of the game is veering towards the fun side; with the Cowboy having a quick drink with his lady friend. There is his tipsy looking horse that looks like it also had a couple of drinks; a pair of boots, Chip Stacks and a satchel of coins that show up on the 5 reels.
Žaidimo ypatybės
The Wild West slot game from NextGen is a 5 reel 10 payline mobile and desktop game. A pleasant and long gone western setting forms the ideal background for this slot game.
Wilds: Appearing only on the reel 3, 4 and 5, the Wild Cowboy symbol will substitute the other symbols to form a winning payline.
It will also trigger the 5 free spins which can be re-triggered. The scatter Chip Stack which appears during the free spins will repeat the trigger wins. The Chip Prize is calculated at the end of the retriggered spins and matches the triggering win.
Scatters: The Chip Stack is your scatter symbol, which will appear only during the free spins.
Another feature which the Wild West has in store for the players is the Super Bet feature. It's a terrific way of increasing your wins through the bonus multipliers. You pay additional coins to get the multipliers. Pay 10 coins and get a 2x multiplier or pay 40 coins and get the 5x multiplier for all your wins with the Wild symbol.
Gamble feature can double or quadruple your wins for your Wild West adventure. Make an accurate prediction on the card colour or the card suit and you will add this extra funding to your bankroll.
Min. / Maks. Statymas už sukimą (£ / $ / €): 0.01 – 2.0
Jackpot'ai (£ / $ / €): upto 1,000 times (base game)
Uždarymo mintys
The Wild West slot game takes a funny and humour look at the old Wild West. Simple and no nonsense gameplay with the wins coming in mainly through the free spins; it will make it to your favourite games list in no time.


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The 870 Tactical got stripped… then Cerakoted Gun Metal Grey.
The funny thing about this, was that I did it Saturday night… Sunday morning I woke up late. So I jumped into the shower, threw on some clothes, ran out to the Crusader Coating Laboratory and grabbed the gun. Inside, I just slapped all the parts together and we ran out to the Gun Show. Just before the show starts, I pick up the shotgun again and rack it. JAM. WTF? I look into the action and I see Magazine Spring. What? AAahahhh… I forgot the Magazine Follower. Ran back to Crusader HQ, there's the follower sitting right on the work bench. I need a new follower though… I don't like the cheap plastic one that comes stock in the Remingtons. Brownells offers a Stainless one that looks pretty good. I might do that one.
Also, that "Tactical Choke" as Remington calls it. It's a breaching choke. Designed not for shooting – but for Breaching. I'm going to pop in an Improved Cylinder choke. Maybe a Modified. Maybe one of those extended ones. I like those.
Here's the deal. HOW THE HELL DO YOU REALLY IMPROVE SOMETHING THAT IS FREAKING AWESOME AS IT IS? Crusader is doing it… A killer action job that makes the 870 just stupid slick…. but what else does it really need? What parts can we put on them (or the Mossberg) that is going to actually give you a tangible benefit that makes the weapon more effective and the user more efficient with it? There isn't a lot. Oh, there's tons of options for you… catalogs full of stuff. But what really works? Not much. But my mission is to find it.


text: Album Review: Them Crooked Vultures by Mary Lucia November 16, 2009 reviews Them Crooked Vultures (self-titled) (Album Art) It needs to be said that upon being given the advanced copy of this CD to review, I felt like I was handling Plutonium. Don't look directly at this. Don't point at it. Don't tell anyone you have it. Granted, when Dave Grohl, Josh Homme and John Paul Jones decided to put a musical group together, they knew the levels of expectation and interest would be off the charts. My half-witted and not-terribly-insightful observation of this CD is that it is EXACTLY what you think it will sound like, and that my friend is a really good thing. You hear your favorite elements of Foo Fighters, Queens of the Stone Age, Eagles of Death Metal and a little unknown band that never quite made it (Led Zeppelin) in every tune. "No One Loves Me and Neither Do I" is going to blow your Decemberists CD right out of your player, out your front door and 2 blocks down. It will then lodge itself half way through a telephone pole. There is so much signature Zeppelin heaviness and so much of the humor of Josh Homme that you can't help but wonder if Robert Plant is secretly thinking, "dammit why did I make that sincere and sensitive Grammy award winning record with Allison Krauss when I could've been singing lines like, 'Well if sex is a weapon, then smash, boom, pow, how ya like me now? You can't always do it right, you can always do whats left.'" When the Current first started playing the single "New Fang," I found myself singing the hook to Zeppelin's Dancing Days right along with it. Normally something like that might bug me but it's like making a record with 50 cent and nobody bragging about getting shot. Of course the Zep influence in both Grohl and Homme is huge and they honor it by surrounding that influence with their own brand of unique humor and rock. My standout favorite song is "Mind Eraser, No Chaser." This is one sexy heavy petting zoo of a tune. You can hear the fun these dudes are having playing together at every turn and it makes you realize how rare that actually is. Tweet


text: Fifteen inches wide to cover the whole dish! 50% Thicker! Seals tightly to lock out freezer air! *No need for tape, as Freeze-Tite is Self-Sealing! Additional uses include: Wrapping silver to avoid tarnishing. A bonanza in the workshop...paint brushes won't dry out...and the perfect package to wrap and store nuts, bolts and small items. 250 Sq. Ft. BPA Free. Made in the USA.


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First Communion 2 Book Review
My Big Book of Catholic Bible Stories; compiled by Heidi Hess Saxton; illustrated by Natalie Carabetta; published by Thomas Nelson Publishers, distributed by Liturgical Press, January 2010; 420 pp
This collection of almost 200 bible stories uses the New Revised Standard Version Catholic text. Each bible story begins with a brief summary and explanation of the text. At the end of each passage is a short prayer that relates to the story. "Going Deeper", after the prayer, includes a "Read It" section that lists related readings from liturgy and the Catechism, and a "Do It" section, with a suggestion for a fun and educational family activity. Interspersed throughout the book are Catholic prayers and psalms, along with quotes from saints. The colorful illustrations add interest to the stories. Author Saxton has put together a lovely book that both children and parents will enjoy and treasure.
My First Holy Communion: Prayers for a Lifetime; written and compiled by Sophie Piper; illustrated by Angelo Ruta; published by Paraclete Press, March 2010, 64 pp
Sophie Piper's My First Holy Communion is a gift book to celebrate a special day in a young Catholic's life. The book has a commemoration page to record Baptism and First Communion dates, with space for photographs. Praising God, Baptism, Confession, Holy Communion, and living a Christian life are the themes for the chapters of book. Traditional prayers, along with short scripture passages and some simple new prayers by Piper, are colorfully illustrated on every page. The final chapter is a series of blessings for every day and night time--prayers that are expressive and appealing. As the description on the back cover states, this book is a "meaningful keepsake for this most important occasion."
Hooray! I'm Catholic! Written by Hana Cole; illustrated by Joanna Steege; published by Paulist Press, May 2010; 32 pp
Hooray! I'm Catholic! is a fun picture book that celebrates many of the entities that make it great to be a Catholic. The text is in rhymes and lists candles, bells, and rosaries as some of the "little things" that are special about being a Catholic. Included in the "big things" that make being Catholic great are "Jesus in Communion" and "knowing Jesus loves me, knowing he loves you." Prayer and helping others are also emphasized. The softly-colored illustrations enhance the text and help show children that being Catholic is special and wonderful. Hooray! I'm Catholic! will be available May 1st.


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Steve Watson
In a media appearance Tuesday morning, the brother of the recently acquitted George Zimmerman said that he and his family have concerns that the Obama administration is tapping their communications.
Appearing on Fox News, Robert Zimmerman said "We do have concerns and always have of having our phones tapped, having our phones listened to by the administration or whomever."
"A lot of the things that we do are connecting in person—that's how we've managed to stay hidden for so long. It's kind of old school, but it works…We're back to what we were doing in March of 2012, because it's right in everybody's mind right now." he added, referring to staying safe in the wake of several threats and acts of violence related to last week's "Not Guilty" decision.
Zimmerman's brother also stated that the family is worried that the Department of Justice is being pressured by special interest groups to open a federal investigation into the case.
"I think Eric Holder is being pressured by some groups who were calling for, initially, just an arrest. These same groups keep moving around the goal posts: the NAACP, Al Sharpton, the Rainbow Push Coalition with Jesse Jackson." Zimmerman noted.
"First they wanted just a simple arrest and that's it, have his fair day in court and whatever the verdict is, we'll respect it. Then when the verdict was coming they wanted him to be found guilty. But the verdict isn't what they wanted, so now they're moving the goal post again, and calling on the Department of Justice to investigate him more." the brother added.
"I understand the Justice Department's responding to pressure," Zimmerman continued. "But I think that the American people need a little bit of time to digest those two words 'Not Guilty.' It doesn't mean nothing happened. I think most of the people who were upset with that outcome didn't actually pay attention to the trial."
Speaking about how his brother is coping with the media frenzy and reaction to the case, Zimmerman described the impact it has had.
"He's been confined not just by an ankle bracelet, but psychologically and emotionally confined to being in that courtroom every day. Seeing people try to put him in prison for the rest of his life. When that's all gone and you're in essence a free man, and they cut that ankle bracelet off of your ankle and the judge tells you you have no further business before the court, in that instant your reality changes. It's very jarring."
"Freedom is a very new notion to him," he stated.


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Nice find. A bit ambivalent towards the design. For the most part Downtown has avoided putting up these slick condos for more timeless designs. Perhaps this is the kind of glossiness Downtown needs to compete with Midtown...I guess.
Don't like the balconies and I wonder what the west elevation looks like.


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You can use this thread to discuss the Satellite Skin ready for vBulletin 3.8.1 announcement
You can use this thread to discuss the Satellite Skin ready for vBulletin 3.8.1 announcement
As you can see at http://www.mmoaddict.com/forums.php right above the What's Going On box, my Blog information is being shown right there. Is this a problem with the skin?
*Edit* Ah, that's why. You forgot to code in the Forum Statistics box.
Last edited by jedric; 30-01-09 at 02:59 AM.
Just letting you know that I have updated the XML files in the memebers area to correct both issues.
I have changed 2 templates: Forumhome and Header
I did not take note of the changes so you will have to install the new xml as a new skin and copy over those two templates.
the same 2 templates are valid for all 4 versions of the satellite skin.
ps. i re added the statistics box after all
a lot of bugs...
add <br> bellow navigation
later more...
|« Previous Thread | Next Thread »
|Tags for this Thread


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Iran: experts discuss international humanitarian law
18-12-2012 News Release 12/249
Tehran (ICRC) – From 18 to 20 December, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and Iran's National Committee of Humanitarian Law are hosting and contributing to three different events on implementation of international humanitarian law in Iran.
On 18 December, representatives from academic institutions and legal experts at national level attended a round table that focused on implementation of international humanitarian law in Iran and the launching of the ICRC database on customary international humanitarian law.
"The ICRC has been carrying out research on treaty-based and customary international humanitarian law," said Cristina Pellandini, the head of the organization's Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law, who took part in the round table. "In order for the rules of international humanitarian law to be fully effective, States need to enact national legislation and take practical measures. The ICRC's Advisory Service helps them to do so by providing specialized legal advice and exchanging information on national law and practice, in particular through a national implementation database."
On 19 and 20 December, the ICRC will also take part in an international conference on "Immunity in international law" organized by the Association for UN Studies in Iran together with the National Committee of Humanitarian Law and the Presidential Center for International Legal Affairs. Among the topics covered by the ICRC, will be the special status of the organization, contribution to the criminal justice system for the prevention and repression of the IHL violations, and the 10th anniversary of the International Criminal Court.
The second conference on Islam and international humanitarian law, organized by the Islamic Promotion Office, will take place in Mashhad on 20 December with the support of the Qom Center for comparative studies Islam-IHL and the ICRC. "The previous conference was held in 2006," said Angelika Schopp, an ICRC delegate in Iran specializing in Islamic affairs. "This year's conference in Mashhad will provide a good opportunity to hear the point of view of Islamic scholars on the ICRC's "Health Care in Danger" project, which aims to address violent acts that obstruct the delivery of health care.
In its capacity as the guardian of international humanitarian law, the ICRC helps States promote and implement that body of law, both treaty-based and customary. Thanks to close cooperation between the ICRC and the Iranian National Committee of Humanitarian Law, Iran's national practice implementing the law was included in the ICRC's worldwide study of customary international humanitarian law published in 2005.
For further information, please contact:
Mojgan Mohammad, ICRC Tehran, tel: +98 21 22 64 58 21-4 or +98 919 830 11 61


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It's been 18 years since Steven Spielberg introduced us to his little safari park off the coast of Costa Rica, but the long-awaited Blu-ray release of the "Jurassic Park" trilogy has given us a reason to go back.
PopcornBiz sat down with original "JP" star Ariana Richards - who played the precocious (sorry, we realize that after "Steven Spielberg" that's probably redundant) Lex Murphy, granddaughter of park creator John Hammond (Richard Attenborough) - to reminisce about what it was like for the then 14-year-old to imagine legging it away in terror from T-Rexes, raptors, and Wayne Knight.
U.S. & World
"Jurassic Park: Ultimate Trilogy" comes to Blu-ray October 25th.


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Philips active crystals USB Happy Laura robot
Finally, more robot USB drives are hitting the market. Now we are getting more then we can handle. Some are even downright shiny like this one. Philips' Active Crystal collection has been around for awhile. This time around it's got Swarovski crystals in the 2008 range. The 2GB Robot Naughty Raymond, in black, is already available, and to give him some companionship, here comes the USB Happy Laura.
It's set in white with sparkling crystals for the body and features for the face. The cute girlly bot even has ruby lips! Happy Laura has a 2GB capacity and will be available in Europe for $238. This is probably more glitz and glamor then you really want on a USB drive, but if you happen to be a rich robot loving gal, I guess it's perfect.


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Hauppauge WinTV DCR-2650
From MythTV Official Wiki
(Redirected from DCR-2650)
The Hauppauge WinTV DCR-2650 is a CableCARD capable digital TV tuner. It is just a two-tuner variant of the Silicondust HDHomeRun Prime. Although the DCR-2650 uses USB and not Ethernet, the device creates an internal IP address and MythTV interacts with it the same way as the Ethernet-based HDHomeRun Prime.


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7. Check out other sizes than your own. There are so many reasons for this tip! Older clotheing is sized differently than clothes today so you will fit into vintage skirts, dresses, and pants that are marked as larger sizes. Also stuff isn't always where it should be in a thrift store. I have found that depending on the brand or the style, a sweater or button-up top may look better oversized. If you like the fabric, something that is too big may be perfect for a refashion. This top was not in my size, but I know the brand runs small and since I am pregnant, it should be super comfortable for spring. I love the fabric!
8. Take advantage of sale days. Some of my favorite thrift stores, like Saver's, are also pricier. My favorite days to shop there are the 50% off days that they have on certain holidays. That is a huge savings! Also find out if your stores offer coupons for donating. This almost new American Eagle military jacket would have cost me $15 on any other day, but I got it for $7 on half off day. And I love it so much- it would have totally been worth paying the full $15.
9. Look at fabrics. To really find the good stuff, my strategy is to peruse the racks by scanning the fabrics. There is often too much to look through, so this helps narrow down what I pull out to examine or try on. I look at colors, patterns, and the wear of the fabric. Most of the treasures hiding in thrift stores can be picked out by these three variables. I picked this fur coat out of a huge coat rack because the fur looked brand new, it was a great color, and looked on trend. After trying it on, I passed because of the fit, but I really thought it had potential on the rack.
10. Know your style. Don't be afraid to say no to something. This is my last tip because I think it is one of the hardest to exacute. Until you have thrifted a lot, you may not quite know your personal style or what is worth taking or leaving at the thrift store. I often find great things while I am shopping and think, "Someone needs this!" But that someone may not be me. If I can find the right person for it then I will, but other times it is just putting something great back because it is just not my style.


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Last week, Governor Andrew Cuomo signed legislation proposed by Mayor Bill de Blasio that provides relief to New York City residents who are being subjected to higher property taxes as a result of repairs done to their homes after damages caused by Superstorm Sandy.
"Imagine going through this storm – the pain, the fear," Cuomo said at a press conference regarding the new legislation. "And then it takes months to rebuild. You're displaced, you're trying to get assistance, you're talking to a lot of agencies, you're filling out a lot of forms.
"And then once all the construction is done, the government comes and says, 'Oh by the way, now that you improved your home, we're going to increase your taxes because you changed your home,'" he added. "I mean, it is infuriating."
The new law allows for a partial abatement of property taxes for certain properties damaged by Sandy. The abatement will appear on homeowners' July property tax bills.
"Thousands of people are going to benefit because everyone put their heads together and figured out it wasn't right for them to be hit by an additional tax because they finally got back on their feet," de Blasio said. "And we weren't going to allow that kind of unfairness to happen."
In order to qualify for the tax relief, a home must have had a reduced assessed valuation in 2014 from 2013 due to damage from Superstorm Sandy. The home must then have an increased assessed valuation in 2015, and that assessed valuation must exceed that for fiscal year 2013.
De Blasio, who said that "struggling homeowners had to build back their homes without the kind of help they deserved from the city," explained that 174 reimbursement checks have been sent to homeowners since January 1, leading to 36 construction starts and many more homes are in the design process.
His administration has promised that there will be 500 reimbursement checks for 500 construction starts sent out by Labor Day. De Blasio said he plans to keep that promise.
"That will show people that every level of government is working for them," he said.


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Gisele Bundchen is a supermodel, so it comes as no surprise that her baby is super-cute!
Bundchen introduced the world to her 9-week-old daughter Vivian Lake Brady on Facebook Friday.
Get all the scoop on pilot season"Love is everything!!! Happy Friday, much love to all," Bundchen wrote from Hawaii, where she's vacationing with husband Tom Brady, son Benjamin, 3, and stepson John, 5.Bundchen gave birth to Vivian at home in Boston on Dec. 5. She and Brady have been married since 2009.


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You need this permit to:
You must not store explosives unless:
A licence defines the need to obtain recognition / certification and registration to undertake a certain business activity.
Council may only grant permits for specific blasting operations or a specified series of blasting operations to be conducted over a period specified in the permit.
Aurukun Shire Council - Local Law 3 (Community and Environmental Management) 2014 - PDF
(Opens in new window)
Aurukun Shire Council Subordinate Local Law 3 (Community and Environment Management) 2014 - PDF
(Opens in new window)
Contact council for more information on the current application process and relevant form.
Your permit does not take effect until you produce evidence (to an
authorised person) that you have taken out an insurance policy insuring
(on terms and conditions that are acceptable to council) both you and
the council against liability for any personal injury and/or property
damage resulting from operations.
When applying for a permit, keep the following in mind:
Blasting regulations are intended to ensure, as far as practicable, that:
You must carry out blasting operations in accordance with the Explosives Act 1999, the Mining and Quarrying Safety and Health Act 1999, the Coal Mining Safety and Health Act 1999, the Petroleum Act 1923 and the Environmental Protection Act 1994.
Council may grant permits with certain conditions, such as:
You must take all reasonable precautions to prevent personal injury and property damage.
Business uses of this permit include:
Aurukun Shire Council
Contact Email, Phone and Address Details for this service in simple two column table format, header then data.
Aurukun Shire Council


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In spite of — or because of, you masochistic television viewer, you — the thoroughly terrible Liz & Dick trailer, you probably won't be able to help yourself from at least DVRing Lindsay Lohan's small screen biopic comeback when it premieres on Lifetime Nov. 25. Maybe this is because you really liked Mean Girls and that's enough to make you believe that Lindz will make for an entertaining-enough Liz Taylor. Maybe you hate yourself and want to cap off another horrifying Thanksgiving weekend at your ancestral home with a 40-ounce bottle of Barefoot Merlot and a Liz & Dick viewing with your Aunt Charlotte who will annoyingly keep flipping back to Sunday night football because she has money on the Packers to beat the spread. Whatever the reason, you should quit bellyaching about how Lindsay Lohan is a sorry stand-in for Liz Taylor because a) of all, nobody is ever going to be as good as Liz Taylor, and b) of all, Taylor would have totally supported Lohan because Hollywood is a saw-toothed monster and the former child actors that get stuck in its jaws have to stick together.
That's more or less the gist of a longish defense from The Hollywood Reporter's most guileless Mean Girls fan, M.G. Lord of the choice to cast Lohan in the upcoming Taylor biopic. Ahead of a Nov. 16 press screening of Liz & Dick, Lord wants remind "knife-sharpening" critics to consider the fact that Lindsay Lohan might not make such a bad Liz Taylor, because, you know, she'll be able to draw on a childhood spent in the unrelenting Hollywood spotlight and a young adulthood mired in scandal, substance abuse, and uneasy personal relationships. Maybe Lindsay Lohan isn't destined to be an actress of Taylor's caliber, argues Lord, but the two have biographical details enough in common to make Liz & Dick legitimately interesting:
But people should give Lohan a chance because she has so much in common with Taylor (including an upsetting "flirtation" with Republicanism). And because after a few bumpy, party-girl years, Taylor evolved at the dawn of the AIDS crisis into one of the great moral voices of the 20th century. In the 1970s, when Taylor's principal interests appeared to be bourbon, Demerol and Studio 54, she seemed as unlikely a candidate for moral leadership as Lohan does now. Yet Taylor grew and triumphed, which is why I beg you not to write off Lohan.
Lord launches a full-on plea for prospective viewers to take Lindsay Lohan seriously, which would be fine (if not just a little histrionic) except for the fact that Liz & Dick is a Lifetime movie, and Lifetime movies are, almost unanimously, trash. We're talking about the basic cable network that has, for the better part of the last decade, made its mark by presenting lurid melodramas about abusive spouses and murderously competitive high school gymnasts. No one can seriously expect a network that festoons Rob Lowe's beautiful upper lip with a silver mustache and calls him Drew Peterson to even want itself to be taken seriously, since most everything that comes down the Lifetime production pipeline one heartbeat away from camp.
This, of course, is what makes Lifetime movies such a delightful indulgence, but it's also what makes building Liz & Dick up as Lindsay Lohan's big comeback a cruelly ironic joke from the movie's producers. Even though TV movies aren't nearly as awful or ignominious as they used to be (since all the basic cable networks are trying to make some of that original programming scratch), starring in a teleplay is still a pretty reliable indication that a former star has pretty much fallen. I mean, if you saw, say, Christian Slater appearing in a made-for-TV movie about a minor-league baseball player you've never heard of, you wouldn't think, "Christian Slater is back, baby, and a Pump Up the Volume sequel is so in the works."
Lohan is still really young, so maybe there is chance for a full-fledged comeback, but, for the time being, she's just starring in a TV biopic, so, explains Lord, everyone lamenting the decision to cast her as Taylor should get some perspective, just like Taylor's daughter Liza Todd has:
Taylor's daughter Liza Todd is also unhappy, confides Vicky Tiel, a Paris-based dress designer who was Taylor's closest friend during the Burton years. Tiel describes a recent dinner where Todd professed horror at the idea of Lohan as her mother. "But Liza calmed down," says Tiel, "when people pointed out: It's only TV."
Hopefully, It's Only TV doesn't stick as the title for a future Lindsay Lohan biopic, but you'll only be able to know that if you turn a judgment-free eye towards Lifetime on Nov. 25.
A Plea on Behalf of Brainy Girls: Give Lindsay Lohan a Chance [THR]


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OK Allan, start typing. OB & Castig are talking about Pedro - OB watched Petey dominating the Devil Rays, the 1-hitter where Gerald Williams charged the mound. Castig called Pedro "the Sandy Koufax of his day".The Pedro/Koufax comparisons rankle me, as you may know. Koufax was great, but Pedro stands well above him. That is a simple fact. So I tracked down the email address for the booth and dashed off a note to Joe, citing some stuff from two old JoS posts.
And less than two innings later, Ish posted: "OH SNAP. This might be Allan's e-mail. ... IT IS! Named on the air!" and Laura followed: "they're reading Allan's email now! AND THEY PLUGGED HIS BOOK!!!!"
From the MLB archive of the radio broadcast (Pedro chat only):
Joe Castiglione [in the fifth]: Pedro pitches tonight, for the Phillies against the Mets. Trying to go 5-0.And as B.J. Upton batted in the top of the eighth, Castiglione said:
Dave O'Brien: I was watching a replay late last night of a young Pedro Martinez, in his prime, pitching against the old Tampa Bay Devil Rays [August 29, 2000]. It was just remarkable.
Castiglione: He dominated them like he did most teams. ...
O'Brien: And he nailed the first batter of the ball game. It was a game down there at Tropicana. He got him on the hand.
Castiglione: Was that Gerald Williams?
O'Brien: It was. It was Gerald Williams -- and he charged the mound. And he got thrown out, Pedro stayed in, and just mowed them down (laughs).
Castiglione: He had a no-hitter until John Flaherty broke it up in the ninth inning.
O'Brien: That's right. It was incredible to watch. ... But to watch Pedro, pitching better at that point in his life than he would ever pitch again, or ever had before that, start that pitch off the outside corner and run it back over and over again, and break bats and strike out guys seemingly at will ...
Castiglione: His command was remarkable.
O'Brien: That was a Hall of Famer. I was watching a Hall of Famer.
Castiglione: ... He's certainly the Sandy Koufax of his era over that period.
O'Brien: Yep.
Castiglione: Of seven years or so. Sure-fire first round Hall of Famer.
We made a remark earlier about Pedro being the Sandy Koufax of his era. Got an interesting email from a fan -- in fact, the author of Babe Ruth and the 1918 Red Sox, Allan Wood, who makes some great points. [Upton flies to Ellsbury, Burrell bats for Perez]Very cool. I was watching NESN at the time, so I missed it live. Fellow Canadian Tim was kind enough to extract and send me an mp3 file.
The blogger, Allan Wood, points out that "while the raw numbers of Pedro and Koufax look similar, Koufax pitched with a higher mound in a pitcher's park in LA and at a time when the rule book strike zone was enforced" -- shoulders to the knees -- and "Pedro's home park favoured hitters, he had a smaller strike zone and pitched in an offensive era", the ultimate steroid era.
So, really, he points out that Pedro "leaves Koufax in the dust" and makes some great points. I would agree. Pedro's performance around '99, 2000, the most remarkable pitching in many, many years.
As I've said before, Pedro's 2000 season is the greatest year of pitching since the mound was moved back to its current distance of 60 feet, 6 inches.
And he threw eight shutout innings (8-6-0-2-7, 130) against the Mets tonight! It was his highest pitch count since he threw 136 on May 1, 2001 against the Mariners.


text:
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text:
Talk:2011 Group 6 Project
- 1 Peer assessment comments
- 2 chat
- 3 to do list
- 4 to do list
- 5 Post Peer Assessment Discussion
- 6 Week 7
- 7 Week 6
- 8 By Week 5
- 9 Reference list
Peer assessment comments
Group 6
I was blown away with this project page. Not only is there a high level of detail, but it is presented in such a way that doesn't overload the reader.I particularly liked the EM section, it works well because of the balance of text to the pictures presented, and is very interesting. Perhaps the mechanisms of action should be numbered because it relays to a reader a sequence of events. Numbering what occurs would just reinforce this. Also, it could be handy to add some statistics to common nueromuscular junction disoders, to give an idea of how often these diseases occur. I know these seem like nit picking, but the page is so well done I could only suggest modifying some details. Well done.
Group 6
Good work guys! I really liked the video to describe the process. It really allows for a good understanding of the process! However for that section, rather than using the dotpoints, wouldn't it be better if you used a numbering system (to show the progression of the mechanism of action?) Also I think it would be good to discuss how muscle contraction occurs (i.e. following activation of the motor neuron, the signal transduction pathway that activates the muscle and causes the contraction). Otherwise, a job well done! :)
group 6
- The first thing that I notice is that the project is very long, and clearly very thorough. This is not a bad thing, given the number of tables and images which make it much more accessible.
- Youtube videos offer a different way of accessing the information, great idea!
- There is nothing negative to say about your project, it is clear that you have worked hard and it shows.
- You have put a lot of research into this assignment guys so firstly, well done.
- The first NMJ heading is a little unnecessary
- Introduction: Great
- History: Anything more since 2000? Also you don't need the "historic researchers in NMJ" title - it's implied by the subtitle.
- Mechanism of Action: Video is really great. There is a LOT of info here... is it necessary to go into so much detail about the motoneurons etc?
- Important Structural Component: The 'Important structural components of NMJ' heading should go next to table of contents it doesn't need so many titles. Great use of images though you need to include a link to their location from where they were found in the image's page.
- Light microscopy and EM pictures of NMJ: this section feels like it is just chucked into here. I don't think it belongs here but maybe with current research under research methods. It has great images though.
- Cellular organisation of skeletal muscle: Really well researched but i question the validity of the information here. I understand NMJ action Skeletal muscles but I think you may have gone off on a tangent and this information isn't very relevant to the topic at hand.
- Embryonic Development of NMJ: The idea of this topic is great. Awesome image though the article you explain goes into a lot more detail than necessary. I think a shorter, more succinct, summary would work just as well. Also you don't need as many images here, a caption would work better than more text and the images need copyright info and a link to the location that they came from.
- Common NMJ disorders: Don't need a title on top of the table the subheading explains it. Great images and table.
- Current Research: I got confused with the first sentence and what it was talking about. Was it in reference to the 2009 article bellow it??? Consider formatting this a little more clearly so it flows and doesn't just launch into topics. There may be a few too many images here... Maybe just one per article? Also add captions to the images so we know what they are just buy looking at them.
- Future Research: Really good.
- Glossary: Good.
Neuromuscular Junctions
- Good history, nicely detailed, but has there been anything since 2000? Surely there has.
- For the mechanism of action, I see what you've done with the dot points, but it could be even more effective as a sort of flow chart? That'd be really fantastic.
- A bit further down, I'm getting a bit confused with the format. I know we shouldn't be commenting on it, but how you've structured your information is a bit inconsistent. Ie the dot points. If you could compile it into a succinct paragraph? Or at least elaborate a bit more into the dot points. They are good in a lecture setting (where more information is provided vocally to "fill in the blanks") but I personally get confused without the complete sentences.
- None-the-less, you've got some great information there
- AWESOME table of components. Really good and helpful, especially with the addition of the pictures. I really liked that bit.
- Nice microscopy section, clever addition with some nice pictures.
- Some fantastic information in "skeletal muscle" section, but it's not entirely applicable to NMJs. Focus more on the NMJ involvement in contraction, as opposed to the details about the structure of actin and myosin etc.
- Interesting stuff about embryology, good work there
- Nice table for the abnormalities, lots of good stuff there
- The research area looks really good, and a clever input of potential future research
- Looks like a pretty good project!
-o wow, awesome screen sized intro image.
-it is so resourceful , details are well presented in an easy understandable way.
-I have no critics for you guys.The page stood out among others ,very great effort and well done !
I finilised the Intro,, everything is introduced for the reader,,, if u girls want to add other things,, pls feel free.. NOTE: add new stuff!!!! --User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 00:27, 12 May 2011 (EST)
Girls, the current researches section is done,,,,,If u all come early 2mrw morning we can add up things in Intro coz i run out of English words and i dont want to write in Greek language (coz i was nearly tu submit something written in greek)....haha --User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 23:25, 11 May 2011 (EST)
Happy bday Jill~!!!Thanks for the embryo pic, although it's not exactly cute~~lol --Shan Ruan 20:45, 11 May 2011 (EST)
totally serious haha! im going to kill them when i see them again! i had everyone calling me saying happy birthday lol. You are too kind to think of bringing flowers! xox see you tomorrow xox
No way,,,,r u serious??? hahaha,,,i was planning to get flowers 2mrw morning...
No problem Rega! Also, my physiology friends hacked my facebook and changed all of my details, its not my birthday today haha :) Thanks though :) xoxox i will add those references now xox
--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 14:32, 11 May 2011 (EST) Happy Birthday to GORGEOUS JIll!!!!!! .... I saw the emryo pic and=stunning.... I know u r busy with ur birthday but a small help for ur poor friend (me=Rega),,,, the refs for the parts that dont have,,,coz i cant. For the ATP part in mm use the biochemistry book. Just add the ref in the end for each paragraph coz i did use my words... And u know how much i memoraised for the bioc test...(hahaha)... THANKU Jill,,xx
added a cool embryo pic in development :) check it out! -Jill
hey Rega! i was working on the page all last night, i think a few of us were on at the same time for a bit haha! im going to try and do the second youtube pic now :) -did it! :D -Jill
--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 23:55, 10 May 2011 (EST) Jill, i left the last bit in current research for 2mrw coz i cant open my eyes anymore... The new design was just briliant (adding the pics in both sides), I loved it....thnkUUUUU
Lizz, we needed new text. It is the same thing written twice which doesn't make sense. I am fixing a lot of things, also Jill is adding new things to balance the dot points with text.... I was trying to take the refs and add them in ur paragraphs but doesn't work,,, so a new text with new ideas needed till thursday...If u come up with smthing just added...
Jill, r u working on the page....I just saw the utube pic....haha...--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 22:46, 10 May 2011 (EST)
Oh nooo no no Rega, that's all I meant for the summary to be! I wasn't trying to take credit for your work, I'm sorry if you misinterpreted that way. I should have clarified that -- I didn't do any additional research, I just put what was already on the page in a different format because Professor Hill said the bullet points weren't okay. --Lizzy 21:59, 10 May 2011 (EST)
I saw it Shan, ThankU. OK girls, i added the ATP part in skeletal mm and there are two paragraphs now. I am trying to work on motor neuron but it doesn't save the work and ill try it later.... --User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 21:28, 10 May 2011 (EST)
Hi guys, I've just added another 5 points into the history area, including the one Mark Hill was talking about where synapse will still form in the presence of basal lamina but absence of myofiber. --Shan Ruan 20:38, 10 May 2011 (EST)
Hi Rega!! i only just read your message, can i meet you at WW at 11am? or anytime between 11 and 1? - Jill
Jill, i need ur help for the pics for current research section. 2mrw ill be early morning at WW. Each pic has a paragraph so it'll look good. I'll let for 2mrw to take off things that are repeated in mech.function coz doesn't make sense. For other points i did fix it by adding new text and letting some dot point.. eg, the structure is as follows,,,,..The developing part is good, and know with the pics is completed.. If u want to add the pics from the home just click the ref and choose what pic u want.... --User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 00:03, 10 May 2011 (EST)
--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 22:21, 9 May 2011 (EST)
Hi guys,,,
Jill, i added things in SC, Mit, BL,, and ALSO fixing the the repetition that Lizzy done to my points. Lizzy, it is unfair to repeat me and say that u done the work. U should do things that are not mention at all such as function, current research, future research.... ANYWAY, girls i did put new text and the structure for some topics are still in dot points, and also ill stay for a long time 2night to work on other parts that need to be fix...
Jill you are amazing. Thanks! --Lizzy 17:48, 9 May 2011 (EST)
GUYS!!!! Ive manually changed ALL the pubmed references and referenced the page properly instead. The page now loads and saves STRAIGHT AWAY!! :D IM SO HAPPY!!!!! -Jill
hey guys, when you want to post something in this page, just edit that section, then it wont take ages to save :D
Hi Liz! I agree with your point about it being repetitive, but i think having both up helps people understand better. eg i read better in sentences, and others may read better in dot points. Lets leave it for now and see if anyone mentions it in the peer review :) Thanks heaps for doing that! Shan: did you add the section on development? Its really really good! i added it to the project page. i hope thats OK.
Yep I did, and thank u for adding it onto the project page, couldn't do that at home :) --Shan Ruan 11:41, 9 May 2011 (EST)
Im going to spend the next few hours to try to re reference as much as i can, so the page doesnt take so long to load each time. Hopefully it helps :) - Jill
Hi guys, I've added body to "current research, future research & history" and I've also done some editing & summarizing. When we last talked in class we agreed to keep the bullet points and summaries, but have a look, it sounds a little repetitive to have both. Should we eliminate one? --Elizabeth Bergman 21:10, 8 May 2011 (EST)
I've summarized most of the first half of our project page, and I'll be doing the rest of the weekend & adding it below the dot points like we discussed. I'm having some trouble uploading now but I'll keep trying. I've also added to current/future research --Elizabeth Bergman 20:09, 6 May 2011 (EST)
to do list
Hi guys, I've added body to "current research, future research & history" and I've also done some editing & summarizing. When we last talked in class we agreed to keep the bullet points and summaries, but have a look, it sounds a little repetitive to have both. Should we eliminate one? --Lizzy Bergman 21:10, 8 May 2011 (EST)
I've summarized most of the first half of our project page, and I'll be doing the rest of the weekend & adding it below the dot points like we discussed. I'm having some trouble uploading now but I'll keep trying. I've also added to current/future research --Lizzy Bergman 20:09, 6 May 2011 (EST)
-referencing. -done -Jill --z3265772 20:27, 9 May 2011 (EST)
-finish history i think we need to do more than this, either by adding more points or expanding the points at the bottom
-more on development I've done more on development as adviced by Rega.--Shan Ruan 16:47, 30 April 2011 (EST)
-current research -- I've added some body to this --Lizzy Bergman 21:10, 8 May 2011 (EST)
-future research -- I've also added to this. Someone added an article about Parkinson's disease that I'm not sure is properly referenced or relevant. I didn't want to delete it in case you wanted to use it elsewhere, but have a lookie --Lizzy Bergman 21:10, 8 May 2011 (EST)
-external links not essential, and ive added some anyway. Add more if you find some - Jill
-glossary- mostly finished this today --Jill De Coster 09:49, 29 April 2011 (EST)
-spell check entire page
-expand on dot points - mark mentioned dot points are insufficient to explain the process properly :(
-more on introduction
Hi all, apologies for my lack of contribution over mid semester break. I was travelling and had no access to internet. However I've been reading a few articles and I'll add further information where I can & build on what you all have already. It looks fantastic! Very cool videos you posted, Rega. Looking forward to seeing you all this week. --Lizzy 23:11, 2 May 2011 (EST)
Rega, i posted it for you, the stupid page is being very temperamental, sometimes i can save, sometimes i cant :( i might give up until next week because its taking up to much of my time --Jill De Coster 11:27, 29 April 2011 (EST)
Still, im trying to add and save the text and is not doing it... so, the text that i wanted to add in Current researches will be here till the pbl with the page will be fixed..I can't save anything on our page...
Neurexin in Embryonic Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions (2010): In this study, Chen et al unfolded the role of the neurexin in Drosophila glutamate receptor abundance. Their results suggested that neurexin in embryos is present both pre and postsynaptically. Presynaptic neurexin promotes presynaptic active zone formation and neurotransmitter release, but along with postsynaptic neurexin, also suppresses formation of ectopic glutamate receptor clusters. During the research several methods were used. Starting with the hybridization where embryos were manually staged and dissected to examine neurexin expression. Dissections were performed as for confocal imaging and electrophysiology. For electron microscopy, genotyped Drosophila eggs were dechorionated with bleach. [1]
Muscle Mitochondrial Uncoupling Dismantles Neuromuscular Junction and Triggers Distal Degeneration of Motor Neurons (2009): Dupuis et al looked at abnormalities of the mitochondrial energy metabolism. Their findings proved that this defect is sufficient to generate motor neuron degeneration and suggest that therapeutic strategies targeted at muscle metabolism might prove useful for motor neuron diseases. Furthermore they suggested that muscle selective alterations in mitochondrial function might initiate NMJ pathology and participate in triggering motor neuron degeneration in ALS. Biochemical measurements were carried out followed by electromyography recordings and PCR analysis. [2]
Jill, i couldn't open the page 2-8pm, it's so slow now and i don't know why... I'll try to put some text to the current research not all... I want to see what Shan + Lizzy are doing or what they will??
What do u think about Schwann Cells, mitochondria and BL.... I think that they are important, they are components of NMJ.... How can i put 2 more rows in the first table?? I'v the material ready for it and the pics too.. Ok-have a nice break...--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 21:36, 28 April 2011 (EST)
Did the glossary :) off to work now xox --Jill De Coster 15:59, 28 April 2011 (EST)
to do list
-referencing. -wait until next lab, no references will save
-finish history
-more on development I've done more on development as adviced by Rega. I can't edit the main project page at all, tried so many times, I think the server is down? So I'm just sticking the ref here for now.--Shan Ruan 16:47, 30 April 2011 (EST)
-current research
-future research
-external links
-glossary- mostly finished this today --Jill De Coster 09:49, 29 April 2011 (EST)
-spell check entire page
-expand on dot points - mark mentioned dot points are insufficient to explain the process properly :(
Hi Rega, im temporarily giving up on the page for today, ive spent a long time referencing but nothing will save. ive emailed Dr Hill and he says he is fixing it, so i think ill wait until tomorrow :) --Jill De Coster 14:28, 28 April 2011 (EST)
Jill, u mesmerized me with the microscopy section,,,,,JUST LOVED IT.... --User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 14:15, 28 April 2011 (EST)
Hey Rega!! LOVE the videos!! That was such a great idea to include them! i have added them to the page, so i dont think we need to add anything else for that section :) i am going to finish referencing today, and then maybe start future research. Do you like the microscopy section i added? :) - Jill --Jill De Coster 13:36, 28 April 2011 (EST)
Hi guys, there have been some problems saving stuff on the page, please please please dont edit the table under the heading Common neuromuscular junction disorders. i spent 6 HOURS trying to fix it! :O i never want to see that table again! haha :) Jill --Jill De Coster 13:15, 28 April 2011 (EST)
Jill watch this video about the sliding filament during mm contraction, watch the sarcomere.. [3]
Actin/Myosin Movie 1 [4]
Actin/Myosin Movie 2 [5]
If we put the Actin/Myosin both of above, we don't have to write how they work..
let me know what u think? --User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 20:03, 27 April 2011 (EST)
Hey Jill,,, im not going to upload my pic because urs is really good. Can we get rid of the other pic(troponin, myosin & tropomyosin)? About ur Q, I think that Dr Mark was more interested in cells that make NMJ. However, I'd the material ready for it and I thought was better not to uploaded. OR, maybe we can put a video for it.... Second, I put all my refs in the discussion page and if u remember i told u that we do it together, but u done it all. OMG, i know it takes so long to do the refs (i tried it with the history part)and THANK YOU. Organise one day next week and ill sit with u to give the final look of our page... --User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 19:43, 27 April 2011 (EST)
does anyone think we need to include excitation contraction coupling anywhere?--z3265772 14:41, 27 April 2011 (EST)
note to all: PLEASE reference anything you put up so people can see where you got your information, i have just spent two days trying to find where your information is from so i can reference it all :( --z3265772 10:52, 27 April 2011 (EST)
Rega: I think the clinical manifestation and treatment is pretty important, and it shows we have done more research. i have almost finished this section, and wanted to upload it today. The more we have on our page (that is relevant) the better, because it shows we have done more work. what do you think? if you still dont like it i will remove it, but i spent a lot of time yesterday researching these :( I think the muscle picture is a great idea, ive been trying to find a good one. if i find one i will upload it today and then see if you like it. I think reducing some text and having more in a picture is a perfect idea :) --z3265772 10:18, 27 April 2011 (EST)
--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 01:41, 27 April 2011 (EST) Jill, i'm trying to draw a pic that includes and the sarcomere, so maybe we can get rid of some text and put a pic that talks about everything,, im still working on it. Let me know what u think..... The other thing is about the 2nd table. I think maybe we should not write about clin.manifestations and treatments,,, so the second table must enclude only three colons: the disease, the link with NMJ and the pic.... What do u think??
Thanks for doing the tropomyosin Rega! i thought i did it already, but it must not have have saved properly sorry --z3265772 22:26, 26 April 2011 (EST)
--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 19:35, 26 April 2011 (EST) just wrote something about the tropomyosin. I love ur table Jill..
Jill, i liked it. Yesterday night, i really thought that a table or diagram will attract more eyes in looking at our page...Histology book had good pictures of BL and ill see what i can do... Don't 4get some dot points for the tropomyosin... --User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 18:44, 22 April 2011 (EST)
i have taken this out of the first table for now, until i can find a good picture and rewrite in lamens terms :)--z3265772 16:55, 22 April 2011 (EST)
|Basal lamina (BL) |Surrounds the Schwann cells of the axon and muscle fibre, Projects into folds that enclose the postsynaptic membrane |Layer of extracellular matrix, Synaptic cleft is filled with dense BL, Contain ACh-esterase, Lamina densa comprising the intermediate part of BL, procollagen type 4 is the most important component [6]
--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 18:59, 21 April 2011 (EST)
Jill, i found this in uTube,, pls have a look..[7] I am adding some work that I've done for the cell components of NMJ.
--Shan Ruan 22:47, 20 April 2011 (EST) Hi guys, I've added some contents to the clinical manifestations for the table. One question though, should we use jargons like "ptosis" instead of "drooping eyelid" or the other way around to make the content more accessible?
--Lizzy 13:14, 20 April 2011 (EST)
Hi ladies, I've added a few images that could provide some visual material:
--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 19:51, 16 April 2011 (EST)
I wrote something about the ALS-motor neuron disease.
Kumar, V., Abbas, A.K., Fausto, N., & Aster, J.C., (2010). Robbins and Cotran. Pathologic Basis of Disaese, eighth edition. Saunders Elsevier 2010.
Muscle Mitochondrial Uncoupling Dismantles Neuromuscular Junction and Triggers Distal Degeneration of Motor Neurons. This research explores that mitochondrial defect is sufficient to generate motor neuron degeneration. Furthermore, it suggests that therapeutic strategies targeted at muscle metabolism might prove useful for motor neuron diseases.[8]
--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 14:48, 16 April 2011 (EST)
Hey guys, just wrote the introduction in the way how Dr Mark want it. This intro is not the final.
Development of NMJ
--Shan Ruan 01:01, 14 April 2011 (EST) Hey guys, just wrote sth for this section. Sorry I came back from a conference in Hobart just yesterday, thus didn't have much time to provide more input.
--Lizzy 19:22, 13 April 2011 (EST)
Pretty much finished up the table, just working on find an image for CMS. Found a bunch of great ones that are copyrighted. Boo. See you all in prac tomorrow!
awesome! Thanks Lizzy! --Jill De Coster 13:35, 11 April 2011 (EST)
--Lizzy 12:37, 11 April 2011 (EST)
Hello hello, I've added to the table on common disorders. Descriptions, treatments, and images for Botulism, CMS, and Myasthenia gravis.
--User:z3255968----Rega Tabbaa 19:46, 10 April 2011 (EST)
Motor End Plate
- Specialised region of the sarcolemma
- Highly folded
- Holds a high concentration of AChRs
- Also called Myoneural Junction (Junqueira C.L. & Caraneiro J., 2005. Basic Histology, text & atlas, 11th edition. McGraw-Hill Companies.)
- Receive neurotransmitters in order to propagate an Action Potential
- Responsible for the terminal tree like branching of a motor axon on a muscle fibre
- Maintains muscle tone through stretch reflex
--User:z3255968----Rega Tabbaa 14:23, 8 April 2011 (EST)
Motor neuron
- Efferent neurons
- Originate in the ventral horn of the spinal cord
- Synapse with muscle fibers
- Carry information from the central nervous system to muscles
- Facilitate muscle contraction
- Somatic once are directly involved in the contraction of skeletal muscles
- Excitatory
- Influenced by input descending from the brain
- Affected by a class of diseases known as motor neuron diseases
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Messenger RNA Oxidation Occurs Early in Disease Pathogenesis and Promotes Motor Neuron Degeneration in ALS [9]
For Jill- neuromuscular junction disorders http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert-Eaton_myasthenic_syndrome http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulism and for an overview on all http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ag/sec06/ch095/ch095c.html --z3265772 12:35, 8 April 2011 (EST)
ive uploaded a picture that Rega drew for the main picture, i think its a really good overview of our topic so ive put it at the top. Eventually as the page gets bigger, the contents menu will grow and the picture will fit the page properly (as in my embro project i did). Hope thats OK! we have four weeks until we need to have finished our page for peer review :) -Jill --z3265772 09:10, 8 April 2011 (EST)
--User:z3255968----Rega Tabbaa 06:56, 8 April 2011 (EST)
Group 6, now we have plenty of research articles and books in our hands, so start writing things down. Then we can link our writings together and design our page. Thank you Jill for helping me to upload the drawings.
Functional anatomy of the NMJ
- Nerve impulse reaches the motor nerve terminal
- Specialized proteins forming ion channels in its cell membrane open quickly
- Calcium enters into the axon terminal
- Synaptic vesicles are filled with ACh which is attached to special site of it
- Ca causes some of the vesicle membranes to fuse with the nerve terminal membrane
- ACh content is released into synaptic cleft
- ACh diffuses rapidly across the gap and binds to the ACh receptors (AChRs)
- When this binding occur, small positively charged sodium (Na) ions enter the muscle
- This lead to the depolarization across membrane
- End-plate potential in turn opens the voltage-sensitive Na channels at the synaptic fold
- An "all or nothing" action potential starts
- Propagated along the muscle fibre in each direction
- Initiation of a muscle contraction occur
- Then, the AChR pore closes
- ACh unbinds and broken down
--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 20:39, 7 April 2011 (EST)
Synaptic cleft
- The space between the axon terminal and the motor end plate
- Separates the presynaptic from the post synaptic cells
- The electrical signal cannot cross
Synaptic vesicles
- Membranous organelle
- Contain neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach)
- Found within the axon terminals of neuron
- Transmitter release occurs by fusion with the presynaptic membrane
- Ach is liberated by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft
Acetylcholine (ACh)
- Cholinergic neurons
- Skeletal muscle movement
- Regulation of smooth muscle
- One of the principle neurotransmitters of the peripheral nervous system
- Released by a motor neuron at the NMJ
- Bind and activate a receptor protein
- A very effective deliverer of sodium ions, which stimulate muscle contractions and excites nerves
- The enzyme acetycholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline
- Choline travels back to be recycled into acetylcholine and start the process over again
- Concentration of ACh remains higher if the AChE is inhibited
- AChE inhibitors delay the degradation of acetylcholine
- This inhibitors are used to reverse muscle relaxants and sometimes to treat Alzheimer's disease
INTRODUCTION (anything regarding the introduction section of the project page goes under this heading pls!)
Just added a general description (will add reference later).--Shan Ruan 22:56, 6 April 2011 (EST)
Just an idea, as this page fills up with an endless amount of information, it takes ages to edit and save the page. To overcome this problem, just add a heading every now and again like i have done above, then we will just need to edit this heading, and the page saves quickly.
Also, we seem to be adding information to this page that could go straight on to our project page. We can always edit and refine later. I think it would be a much bigger job to eventually copy from this page on to our project page when we want to finish it. We will also lose alot of information if we do that because it will get lost on here. Maybe keep this page for chatting/adding relevant articles and if you have good info on something, add it straight on to the project. what do you guys think? --z3265772 22:22, 5 April 2011 (EST)
I think both are good ideas (about adding new headings and about contributing directly to the project page). It would be easier to delete info we don't need rather than semi-frantically add to it at the end. I'll start posting there more often. --Lizzy 18:14, 6 April 2011 (EST)
--z3265772 22:13, 5 April 2011 (EST) Hi guys, im going to kill two birds with one stone. i wanted to do this weeks exercise and fill in the relevant heading as i go. so i found some stuff for future research: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20955113 it is about future stem cell research for neurodegenerative diseases. I added it straight on to the project page. For some reason i cant reference it though, so ill ask mark about that next week :)
--z3265772 22:13, 5 April 2011 (EST)
--z3255968 10:02, 5 April 2011 (EST)
Regas awesome drawing
Post Peer Assessment Discussion
Hey guys in response to the peers i moved around my pictures, gave them text under them, and added a lot of new information and some photos to the structure section. the only issue we have left is to clean up our reference list since it mostly looks like a bunch of pubmed IDs. i guess we will ask mark what to do with this.--Michael Orenstein 21:48, 25 May 2011 (EST)
Week 7
- This is the week before the mid-session break.
- In the lab this week we will have an opportunity to discuss any issues which are slowing progress on your project.
- The Thursday of the week beginning 02 May will be when all projects will be open to Peer Assessment.
- What you have on your page by Thursday of that week will be the content that others in the class will comment upon.
Week 6
- I see many groups now have subsection titles for their projects.
- Here are some searches: Pubmed search all databases junction | PLoS junction | JCB junction You can now simply put your own search term into each top window.
- Now's the time to get your images, movies, media etc uploaded. Biomed central | JCB | JCB Archive | PLoS. Once uploaded you can make a gallery on either your project or discussion page using <gallery>File:name here</gallery> tags with your image files listed between the tags. When you upload project images, add this text as it appears replacing # with your own Group number to the summary information [[Category:2011Project#]].
- Shown below are the criteria that will be used to assess your final project.
Group Assessment Criteria
- The key points relating to the topic that your group was allocated are clearly described.
- The choice of content, headings and sub-headings, diagrams, tables, graphs show a good understanding of the topic area.
- Content is correctly cited and referenced.
- The wiki has an element of teaching at a peer level using the student's own innovative diagrams, tables or figures and/or using interesting examples or explanations.
- Evidence of significant research relating to basic and applied sciences that goes beyond the formal teaching activities.
- Relates the topics and content of the Wiki entry to learning aims of cell biology.
- Clearly reflects on editing/feedback from group peers and articulates how the Wiki could be improved (or not) based on peer comments/feedback. Demonstrates an ability to review own work when criticised in an open edited wiki format. Reflects on what was learned from the process of editing a peer's wiki.
- Evaluates own performance and that of group peers to give a rounded summary of this wiki process in terms of group effort and achievement.
- The content of the wiki should demonstrate to the reader that your group has researched adequately on this topic and covered the key areas necessary to inform your peers in their learning.
- Develops and edits the wiki entries in accordance with this sites wiki guidelines.
By Week 5
Each Group member has added to the discussion page:
- A Review Article
- A Historic Research Article
- A Current Research Article
No two students should add the same paper and there should be a link to the original article.
--Mark Hill 17:18, 30 March 2011 (EST) OK Group 6, You and Group 5 are the only groups that have begun your project work, well done! Though I can only see contributions from Z3255968 and Z3265772. This search should get you started with the references Search Pubmed: Neuromuscular Junction
Hi Guys, Here are the articles I've found pretty useful to NMJ.--Shan Ruan 13:32, 5 April 2011 (EST)
- Review Article: Neuromuscular junction in health and disease This is a review article from the British Journal of Anaesthesia. It outlines the structure and function of the NMJ and (discusses the anaesthetic implications of disease of the junction)<- can ignore this part. Current concepts in neuromuscular transmission Outlines the general anatomy and physiology of NMJ. Both articles overall are very useful but you need to ask for permissions to reference them. However, since they are review articles, there should be plenty of articles down the reference lists.
- Historic Research Article: The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase MuSK Is Required for Neuromuscular Junction Formation In Vivo This research article indicates the role of the receptor MuSK protein which responds to a critical nerve-derived signal (agrin), and in turn activates signaling cascades responsible for the formation of neuromuscular synapses.
- Current Research Article: The Function of Cortactin in the Clustering of Acetylcholine Receptors at the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction This research article suggested a novel function of phosphorylation-dependent cortactin signaling downstream from agrin/MuSK in facilitating AChR clustering at the developing NMJ.
- Hi guys, Lizzy here.
I've been surfing around Pubmed. Here's a recent article on the significance of the role of MRF4, a transcription factor that may be involved in maintenance of neuromuscular junctions: Maybe we could mention it briefly under "Current Research." Also, this article had some lovely images: However I'm not sure how relevant the article is, and I'm also not sure if we could get permission to use the images on our page. But maybe they'd be cool to have a look at on your own time. --Lizzy 16:46, 4 April 2011 (EST)
- P.S. Also, if you scroll down to the bottom of the PubMed Copyright notice page, there are 3 websites listed whose material we can use without special permission as long as we cite sources. Maybe they'd be handy for some neat images or background info.
PMC Copyright Notice --Lizzy 16:51, 4 April 2011 (EST)
- The three articles to be found by the end of Week 5:
- Review Article: On the development of the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction
- Historic Research Article: Change in the Fine Structure of the Neuromuscular Junction of the Frog Caused by Black Widow Spider Venom This was published in the JCB by Clark, Hurlbut & Mauro in 1972. It's a super interesting article! Heads up though, it's a big file.
- Current Research Article: ARIA, a neuromuscular junction neuregulin
--Lizzy 17:21, 4 April 2011 (EST)
--User:z3255968--Rega Tabbaa 20:54, 3 April 2011 (EST)
Group 6, this is a link for The Journal of Physiology [10]
There are some good research articles in NMJ.
Historic researches in NMJ:
In 1672, Myasthenia gravis (MG) was first described by Thomas Willis. It is an acquired autoimmune disease with antibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the NMJ. [11]
In1842, Claude Bernard concluded that the arrow poison curare acts at the NMJ to interrupt the stimulation of muscle by nerve impulses. [12]
In 1850, Claude Bernard demonstrated that the observed paralysis was mediated via the NMJ, although the precise mechanism was at that time unknown. [13]
In 1914, Sir Henry Dale, (in 1936, he was warded the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology), investigating the pharmacological properties of ACh, distinguished two actions that were reproduced by the alkaloids, muscarine and nicotine. As the effects of muscarine mimicked the parasympathetic nervous system, he termed the receptors muscarinic, whereas those in autonomic ganglia and at the skeletal NMJ were termed nicotinic. [14]
In 1952 - 1954, the name end-plate potential is used since Fatt&Katz (1952) and Del Castillom & Katz (1954) studied the endplate potential (epp) at NMJ. They concluded that the ACh molecules were released in packets containing several thousand ACh molecules revealing the quantal nature of synaptic transmission. [15]
--User:z3255968 12:31, 1 April 2011--Rega Tabbaa 12:38, 1 April 2011 (EST)
Abnormalities in signal transmission at the NMJ with associated diseases
This research explored that in skeletal muscle, the stability and function of NMJ depend on mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, any abnormalities of this respiration lead to distal degeneration of motor neurons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis disease.[16]
This is a review article for the autoimmune disorders of the neuromuscular junction.[17]. The article unfolds the role of Acetylcholine receptors (AChR)and also the loss of AChRs at the NMJ is the underlying Myasthenia Gravis (MG)pathogenesis.However, if there is not enough ACh released at NMJ, it will lead to another disease such as The Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome.
Functional anatomy of the NMJ
All the behaviour depends on the ability to control the activity of skeletal muscles, which maintain posture and permit movement (Crossmen R.A. & Neary D., 2005). This group of muscles are innervated by axon motor neurons, the body of which lie in ventral horn of the spinal cord. The junction between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the motor end plate of a muscle fibre make a Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ). When an action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a motor neuron, the voltage gated calcium (Ca)will open and through which Ca enters the cytosol. Then the acetylcholine is released which diffuses to and binds to cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate (Stanfield, L.C., & German, J.,W., 2009). This is followed by the opening of cation channels where the sodium enters the cell, producing an end plate potential. This cause an action potential which spread along skeletal muscle membrane stimulating contraction.
Historic background
Mechanism of action
Development of the neuromuscular junction
Common neuromuscular junction disorders
Current associated research
Future research
Hey guys, I've added a sub-heading of common disorders of neuromuscular junction--Shan Ruan 10:52, 31 March 2011 (EST)
--Rega Filipi Tabbaa 18:09, 29 March 2011--Rega Tabbaa 18:18, 29 March 2011 (EST)
Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
Embryonic development of NMJ
Functional anatomy of the NMJ
The role of Acetylcholine (ACh), its receptors and inhibitors
Abnormalities in signal transmission at the NMJ with associated diseases
Current research combined with techniques used
The actual wiki page for neuromuscular junction contains the headings - --Jill De Coster 08:09, 29 March 2011 (EST)
-Mechanism of action
-Development of the neuromuscular junction
-Knockout studies
-Neuromuscular block
-See also
-External links
-Further reading
Here is a link to my old Embryology page i did last semester, we should maybe look at a similar layout? --Jill De Coster 12:20, 24 March 2011 (EST)
1. Intro
2. historic background
3. current associated research
4. simplified description of technique
5. student drawn figure or animation
6. reference list
7. glossary
8. external links
example reference list --z3265772 12:21, 24 March 2011 (EST)
This is about frog nucleoli shape changes.


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Shipping Weight: .50 pounds


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Moderator: GnATTERbox Moderators
Rust Boiler wrote:Why are your locos called Critters?..I haven't twigged. I need to branch out!
And Wow what a cast of characters we are! Hey, welcome aboard to the great ship of unfinished projects.Rust Boiler wrote:Wow what a forum this is!!..
..but the track work has got to be accurate, flat, clean, well assembled and correctly wired before we can hope for any trouble free running...
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