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Local artist Jeff Gaither and Justin Helton of Status Serigraph, Knoxville, Tennessee, are the 2 artist on exhibit now at Revelry. This exhibit is in co-ordination with the Forecastle X Festival. The Forecastle X Festival is a port-of-call where the world gathers to experience the best in Music, Art, and Activism®. A celebration of sights, sounds, and sustainability, Forecastle connects travelers North, South, East, and West. Merging entertainment with education, Forecastle inspires a voyage of personal growth and global change. The 10th Anniversary festival, July 13 - 15, 2012, is expected to draw 30,000 patrons to the Louisville Waterfront ~ part of a scenic, $60 million dollar riverfront investment which attracts 1.5 million visitors a year.
Justin Helton, a one man studio, is a graphic designer that has created poster work for bands like My Morning Jacket, Band of Horses, The Black Keys, Old Crow Medicine Show and Phish. He also has designed materials for some of the musical festivals and entertainment avenues as, Austin City Limits, The Bijou Theater, Bonnaroo and Outside Lands. Helton prints are fresh and quirky. Each design unique and all 22 posters that were exhibited had a different motif, yet the typography and blending of the design on each poster remained the same. His concepts are consistent and strong. The illustrations on each poster are a twist on another time and place, without crossing lines. Since 2005, Helton has become one of the most sought after young designers in the Southeast. After viewing and in appreciation of his work you can see why.
Jeff Gaither, artist, collector of true crime memorabilia, graphic designer, sculptor, designer and collector of horror artifacts, has been in business for over 35 years and started publishing when he was 16 years old. Along with the over 400 CD covers, he has created billboards ads and his art adorns the covers of Velocity, Wire and The Saturday Scene among many other magazines.
Jeff has created for Forecastle X from the beginning and before the first poster in the nautical design stated, "it was a sort of created like a "Picasso" version." Captain JK McKnight and Gaither discussed the designs and explained he, "continued the Picasso theme and included a nautical design," and as the festival grew, first in Tyler Park then in Mellwood, Cherokee Park, Belvedere and eventually Bonnaroo, the ships grew and progressed. He added a version of the ship holding guitar, ship being lifted by balloons, moving up and attached to a blimp. The steam punk look is an anachronistic and futuristic design that is very pleasing to the eye and desirable for collectors. The 10th anniversary poster for Forecastle X, although it will also have the ship, is set to have a more "oceanic" view and as not to spoil the unveiling; watch for it because it is definitely an artistic masterpiece.
Jeff's more notable oddities are his true crime and horror designs. He has received letters "as a fan" from noted killers John Wayne Gacy, Night Stalker, Charles Manson and Son of Sam. His horror creations include the mascot for the popular 9 star local haunted attraction, The Asylum Haunted Scream Park.
Revelry's Forecastle X Poster Unveil art show wrapped up with a celebration that continued at the Monkey Wrench, just a block south of Revelry, and the promise of what Forecastle X Festival 2012 will have to offer is proving to be a must for music lovers.
Artist - Jeff Gaither's contact: http://jeffgaither.com/
Artist - Justin Helton's contact: www.statusserigraph.com
Captain JK McKnight - Forecastle Founder: http://jkmcknight.com/
Revelry Boutique - Gallery
980 Barret Ave.
Louisville, KY 40204
Paula Weyler - Owner


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ANDERSON, Ind.-June 20, 2014 - Igottafeelinfran returned to her winning ways and captured the featured event, a $22,000 Fillies and Mares Invitational pace, at Hoosier Park Racing & Casino on Friday, June 20. After a fifth place finish at this level last week, Igottafeelinfran staged a big rally in the late stages of the mile to take nearly two seconds off her lifetime best and score in 1:51.3.
Guided by Brad Hanners, Igottafeelinfran left just enough to secure an early position along the rail in second while American Girl and Tyler Smith fired to the front through an opening panel in :26.2. American Girl's lead was short lived as she yielded the front to a determined Bombilla Hanover and Peter Wrenn at the half mile mark in :54. Hanners made his winning move as he sent Igottafeelinfran to the front around the three-quarter clocking in 1:22.4.
Bombilla Hanover began to tire on the front and as the field approached the final turn Igottafeelinfran had reached the leader's wheel. As the rest of the field was closing in, Igottafeelinfran was pulling away. Using a :28.4 final, Igottafeelinfran was able to hold off a hard charging Love This Place and Trace Tetrick to win by a head. Ritascape used her customary late surge to round out the trifecta. As the publics' second choice, Igottafeelinfran returned $8.00 to her backers at the window.
The win was the second of the season from 11 previous starts for the multiple-stakes winning mare. Owned by Jerry Zosel, Kathy Ratcliff, and Kimberly Dailey, Igottafeelinfran has now won 12 of 36 starts while amassing $296,121 lifetime. Trained by Jim Dailey, the daughter of Feelin Friskie-Fran Anna was an Ohio Sire Stakes champion for the three-year-old pacing fillies division last year.
It was a driving double on the night for driver Brad Hanners as he also scored later in the evening with Endeavors Dot Com for trainer Walter Haynes Jr.
Live harness racing will return to Hoosier Park Racing & Casino on Saturday, June 21 with a 14-race card that is set to begin at 5:15 p.m. Highlighting the evening will be a $22,000 Invitational pace and a $22,000 Invitational trot. For more information on the live racing season and the upcoming events at Hoosier Park Racing & Casino, please visit www.hoosierpark.com.
by Emily Gaskin, for Hoosier Park

subset: commoncrawl


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Judy and I wrote this one together. It was published yesterday in the Concord Monitor. We both testified at the public hearing, along with other advocates for low-wage workers. The full force of the business lobby and the House Republicans were arrayed on the other side. This is a good time to contact members of the House Labor Committee to support raising the minimum wage.
When the clock struck midnight on New Year's Eve, the minimum wage went up in 10 states. But not New Hampshire, where the minimum wage is stuck at the federal level and the state's minimum wage was abolished by the Legislature two years ago. Without change at the state level, thousands of New Hampshire workers will have to wait for the gridlocked Congress to raise the federal minimum wage above the current rate, $7.25 an hour.
What does it mean to live on $7.25 an hour? If you work 40 hours a week every week of the year, your annual income will be $15,080. Enough to live on? Not by a long shot. You'll earn $4,000 less than the poverty-level income for a family of three. And even the poverty income is less than you need to keep a roof over your head. At the minimum wage, you'd have to work 106 hours a week to afford a typical two-bedroom New Hampshire apartment, according to the National Low Income Housing Coalition.
Help could be on the way.
Two bills coming before the House Labor Committee today would re-establish the state's authority to set a minimum wage and raise it above the federal level. Rep. Tim Robertson of Keene is sponsoring House Bill 241 to establish a New Hampshire minimum wage of $9.25. HB127, co-sponsored by Reps. Peter Sullivan of Manchester and Timothy Horrigan of Durham, would set the minimum wage at $8 per hour.
In 1949 New Hampshire established a state minimum wage, though it seldom rose above the federal rate. But the state law was repealed in 2011. "There is no reason for New Hampshire to set ourselves higher than the national average and make ourselves less competitive for these workers who need to gain experience," then-House Speaker Bill O'Brien said at the time.
No detectable employment losses
But would employers really hire fewer workers if the wage went up? Research suggests otherwise. Recent research by a team of economists from the Universities of California, Massachusetts and North Carolina "suggest no detectable employment losses from the kind of minimum wage increases we have seen in the United States."
Why? Wouldn't higher wages make it harder for businesses employing low-wage workers to earn a profit? Not necessarily. Raising wage rates tends to reduce employee turnover, reduce the costs of recruiting and training, and raise productivity. As Henry Ford discovered a century ago, increasing wages can be profitable.
Some opponents say it is mainly teens who earn minimum wage. Not true. Many of New Hampshire's lowest-wage workers have families to support. Although we lack state-level statistics, we know that teens comprise only a quarter of minimum wage workers nationally.
Who will benefit from an increase? While most New Hampshire workers earn more than $8 an hour, plenty of workers would see their incomes rise. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that 14,000 New Hampshire workers earn $7.25 per hour or less.
Raising the wage also will help thousands of workers now earning above $7.25 per hour. For example, a worker who currently earns $7.75 per hour will get a raise if the minimum wage goes up to $8.
Even people with somewhat higher wages will benefit. This is because many employers intentionally keep their pay a certain margin above the minimum in order to compete for employees.
HB 127 has an important additional feature, a process to raise the minimum wage as the cost of living increases. This is critical. The federal minimum wage would be $10.58 per hour now if it had kept up with inflation over the past 40 years.
Two more minimum wage bills – one in the House and one in the Senate – will come up soon.
Raising the minimum wage will not eliminate poverty in New Hampshire. But it will make a concrete difference in the lives of thousands of people struggling to earn a living. Every New England state except New Hampshire has a minimum wage above the federal level. Our workers deserve better pay for their hard work.


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The Briscoe Center's Newspaper Collections contain more than 4,500 Texas, Southern, U.S., and non-U.S. titles and is the largest collection of its kind in Texas. We are also home to the newspaper clippings morgues of the NY Herald-Tribune, the New York Journal-American, New York Times, and Newsweek Magazine.
Front page of the El Paso Sentinel from November 8, 1873, Texas Newspaper Collection.
Please note that staffing constraints prevent Briscoe Center staff from undertaking in-depth research for patrons, including going through many newspapers looking for vaguely defined articles or doing exact page/copy order cost counts. See our Reference Services for more information.
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Today was product day! I received two boxes of new product for the store today and I was like a kid on Christmas morning ripping through the boxes. I just entered these KI Memories goodies in the store...Aren't those yummy colors? I also ordered some of the new La-Di-Da line....love the soft colors....
You can find all of the pricing at the store. Off now to enter the new Heidi Swapp! I will be back soon with a fun share! Thanks for stopping by!
Thursday, June 12, 2008
Like a Kid on Christmas Morning...
Posted by Heather Ruwe at 7:47 PM
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A Romantic Comedy that proves love conquers all of its quirks and twisted turns.
Bob Woolsey knows that true love really does come true in a rom-com that redefines the meaning of happy endings in Husband in Waiting.
The story revolves around Kurt and Toni who find love and marriage under one condition – keeping it a secret from their friends, acquaintances and families.
Living in separate apartments, Kurt's busybody landlady guards over him like an owl, leaving the two with very few moments for lovemaking- except maybe for their honeymoon in the Alps.
The lovers experience funny adventures (concocted mostly by Toni)as they travel from Switzerland to Rome and finally to the island of Ischia, before returning home. There's a time in a Swiss resort when lack of funds almost ruins everything. When Toni's ex-boyfriend shows up, there are problems. Fortunately, his meddling makes their marriage even stronger. Eventually their secrets are discovered by Kurt's boss and by his landlady. Sheun ceremoniously kicks him out of his furnished room.
The couple's secret pact eventually backfires, turning their lives upside-down and leading to hilarious results. And when the moment of truth comes out, they realize that a second wedding should mark the love they initially opted to hide. A "new" wedding is publicly announced. Husband In Waiting is a book of love and lovers and Bob strikes each word with both humor and passion. Weddings, secrets and laughter…it has all the formula of romance.
Bob Woolsey
Husband in Waiting
Book Available on Amazon
About the Author:
The author is a semi-retired Trusts and Estates attorney in New York and New Jersey. He was a Fulbright Student in Germany in Classical Literature. After graduating from the University Of Virginia Law School, he served for two years as a Briefing Officer for Army Intelligence at the Pentagon during the Vietnam War. He has self-published an autobiography entitled The General's Briefer based on that experience. Recently he taught High School Latin for a year. He currently lives in Northern New Jersey. His interests include travel, foreign languages, cooking, and word games.
Toplink Publishing offers highly scalable platforms that are growing quickly, positioned to become the global leader in accessible and strategic publishing and marketing solutions. For new book/books to publish or publicize one's published work, contact by calling 1-888-375-9818.
Media Contact
Company Name: Release News
Contact Person: Andrew Braithwaite
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: +44 (0) 161 818 6487
Country: United States
Website: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Husband-Waiting-Robert-J-Woolsey/dp/1477111840/ref=tmm_hrd_title_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=


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Your cart is empty!
On thousands of furniture & home products!
Velvety softness is all the envy. The funky look is all the rage. People everywhere are discovering what a difference our extra large Velveteen bean bag chairs make on comfort. Not only that, these bean bags have style and class.
Elite Products formed in 1986, manufactures a mix of products that include futon convertibles, futon mattresses, futon covers and accessories, bean bag chairs, foam furniture and various accent furniture pieces. Today, the company continues to add new line of stylish, contemporary furniture dedicated to quality and affordability.


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The Princes' Islands Travel Guide
With their charming waterfront villages, fin-de-siècle architecture, wooded hills and rocky coves, the romantic Princes' Islands have always been a favourite retreat from the mainland. Set in the Sea of Marmara between 15km and 30km southeast of the city, the islands are easily accessible by ferry from İstanbul, and can get very crowded in summer, especially at weekends. Cars are banned on the islands, so transport is either by foot, phaeton (horse-drawn carriage), hired bike or donkey. Their proximity to the city makes them an easy, enjoyable and very cheap day-trip, but accommodation is surprisingly expensive, and, on summer weekends, hard to come by.
Brief history
The copper mines of Chalkitis (Heybeliada), famed in antiquity, are long since exhausted, but they remain visible near Çam Limanı. During the Byzantine era, numerous convents and monasteries were built on the islands, which soon became luxurious prisons for banished emperors, empresses and princes (often after they had been blinded). The islands were neglected by the conquering Ottoman Turks and became a place of refuge for Greek, Armenian and Jewish communities.
In 1846 a ferry service was established and the islands grew popular with Pera's wealthy merchants and bankers, becoming İstanbul's favourite summer resort after the establishment of the Republic in 1923. Mosques began to appear in the villages, and hotels and apartment buildings soon followed. A Turkish naval college was established on Heybeliada and Atatürk's private yacht was moored here as a training ship.
Sivriada, uninhabited and unvisitable, gained public notoriety in 1911 when all the stray dogs in İstanbul were rounded up, shipped out there and left to starve, while Yassıada is best known as a prison island, used for the detention of political prisoners.
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Westchester Mayor: 'Rally For Reform' With Students To End Gun Violence
A star-studded guest list has been invited to participate in a "rally for reform" with students in Mount Vernon to end gun violence. The "Rally for Reform, March for Our Lives" event will...Read More
Chappaqua Jeweler Partners With J. Crew For Westchester Pop-Up
It's not every day a small Westchester brand gets noticed by a large clothing company. Which is why Samantha Levine of Auburn Jewlery is thrilled to be selected as part of J. Crew's first...Read More
Hillary Clinton To Accept Global Leadership Award At Westchester Event
The Honorable Hillary Rodham Clinton will be the featured speaker at The Business Council of Westchester's (BCW) annual fall dinner on Monday, Nov. 20. At that time, BCW President and CEO...Read More
Winter Wonderland Returns To Kensico Dam Plaza
VALHALLA, N.Y. -- Walking in Kensico Dam Plaza after Thanksgiving is going to be like walking in a winter wonderland.Westchester's Winter Wonderland is set to return to Kensico Dam Plaza ...Read More
Book It, Westchester: Hudson Valley Restaurant Week Starts
WESTCHESTER COUNTY, N.Y. -- At the risk of sounding like your spouse, consider this your reminder to make your Hudson Valley Restaurant Week (HRVS) reservations. The two-week long event, ...Read More
Trick Or Treat? At Cross County Shopping Center, Folks Get Both
Kids can get into the Halloween spirit a little early with a visit to the Cross County Shopping Center's Halloween Spooktacular on Saturday, Oct. 21. The shopping center has planned a day...Read More
'Weird Al' Yankovic Performing Ill-Advised Tour In Westchester
"Weird Al" Yankovic is coming to Poughkeepsie and Tarrytown, though not in a show you're expecting. Yankovic, known for his song parodies, is kicking off The Ridiculously Self-Indulgent I...Read More


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Rather than risk missing out on the 2012 Superbike season, Suzuki rider John Hopkins decided to have one of his fingers amputated. While this may seem like a sad story, Hopkins is surprisingly upbeat about the whole affair—in our minds further proof Motorcycle racers are all more than a little bit crazy.
Hopkins finger problems began when he crashed while practicing for the Czech Grand Prix. Although the fall didn't look bad initially it led to six operations with the promise of more trips under the knife. Hopkins announced the finger amputation via his Twitter account—
Well after 6 surgeries & Thousands of $'s spent on Rehab etc its a shame it had to come to this... (see picture above)
Good news is that it already feels better than it has for months & I'll be ready to race in Phillip Island for Rnd. 1 ! No motivation lost !
We're happy to hear that despite losing a finger Hopkins certainly hasn't lost his sense of humor.
With it being Friday the 13th I should have asked the Doctor to wear the mask and dress up like "Jason" as they chopped the finger ; ) Ha Ha
This guy is amazing.
Hat tip to Swine!
[Axis of Oversteer]


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Press Release
Griffon Corporation Schedules Conference Call to Discuss Third Quarter 2015 Financial Results
The call can be accessed by dialing 1-888-206-4916 (U.S. participants)
or 1-913-312-0698 (International participants). Callers should ask to be
connected to the
A replay of the call will be available starting on
Griffon currently conducts its operations through three business segments:
Home & Building Products consists of two companies, The AMES
Companies, Inc. ("AMES") and Clopay Building Products Company,
Inc. ("CBP"):
AMESis a global provider of non-powered landscaping products for homeowners and professionals.
- CBP is a leading manufacturer and marketer of residential, commercial and industrial garage doors to professional dealers and major home center retail chains.
- Telephonics Corporation designs, develops and manufactures high-technology, integrated information, communication and sensor system solutions for military and commercial markets worldwide.
- Clopay Plastic Products Company, Inc. is an international leader in the development and production of embossed, laminated and printed specialty plastic films used in a variety of hygienic, health-care and industrial applications.
For more information on Griffon and its operating subsidiaries, please see the Company's website at www.griffoncorp.com.
View source version on businesswire.com: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150723006103/en/
Griffon Corporation
Douglas J. Wetmore, 212-957-5000
EVP & Chief Financial Officer
Investor Relations:
ICR Inc.
Michael Callahan, 203-682-8311
Senior Vice President


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BENEFITING: Homestart
ORGANIZER: Homestart
EVENT: ICycle 2016
EVENT DATE: Feb 25, 2016
Homestart wrote -
Captain: Laura Kobey
Team Ropes & Gray is riding at 1:00 pm. Each member has pledged to raise $350 to end and prevent homelessness, but if each member raises $1,030...
then for each rider a family will no longer be homeless this winter and they will be warm in their own home!
Help them get there!
Located outside at International Place, Boston Massachusetts. ICycle is a series of intense spin classes held outdoors in the middle of winter. Beginning at 6:00 am, and every hour from then on, a different team rides to raise money for HomeStart, a non-profit dedicated to ending and preventing homelessness in Boston. Last year over 200 riders and close to 2,000 donors raised over $200,000.00 to end & prevent homelessness. ICycle included celebreties like: Janet Wu, Pat the Patriot, Wally the Green Monster, Steve Aveson, and many, many more. This year it will only get bigger & better!
To learn more about HomeStart and our mission of ending and prevent homelessness, please click here!


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The sheriff of the court would not auction Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's personal items as planned on Tuesday morning because there were no bidders.
"We are not going to cancel, but there are no bidders. There are none," he said. "It happens."
Earlier, after the house's steel gate was not opened in response to their knocks, three representatives of the Soweto sheriff's office regrouped in their vehicle.
They had been ordered to auction personal items belonging to Madikizela-Mandela to recover a debt owed to Abbots College, which the African National Congress stalwart was to have paid for a grand niece.
Her lawyer said he had made one payment, and that the interest amount was still being discussed. He was not immediately available for an update.
While the sheriffs were waiting, there appeared to be movement behind the gate and the media moved to allow what they thought was a vehicle coming through.
But seconds later, a dark-coloured luxury vehicle sped out of a driveway further up Masela Street, the decoy at the gate fooling the reporters and sheriff's office.
It was not clear who was in the vehicle.
The sheriff was permitted to open the gate with the help of a locksmith, but there were no bidders, just the media, said a sheriff's office official who did not want to be named.
The auction would probably be readvertised, he said, adding that he and his colleagues were waiting for final instructions.
They drove away shortly afterwards, leaving reporters in their wake.


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Mr. Speaker, I rise to congratulate His Holiness the Dalai Lama upon receiving the prestigious Templeton Prize in London today. This prize honours a living person who has made an exceptional contribution to "affirming life's spiritual dimension, whether through insight, discovery, or practical works", recognizing the Dalai Lama's great involvement in the just causes of our time and the encouragement of scientific research and inter-religious harmony and co-operation across the globe.
I recently met with the Dalai Lama here in Ottawa at the Sixth World Parliamentarians' Convention on Tibet, where His Holiness reaffirmed his desire for dialogue with Chinese authorities and for their respect for Tibetan autonomy and identity in accordance with Chinese law, and this against a backdrop of increased Chinese repression of Tibetans, leading to the self-immolation of more than three dozen monks.
I trust that all parliamentarians will join me in congratulating His Holiness on this most deserved prize and call for an end to human rights abuses in Tibet, the protection of religious and ethnic rights therein and the release of political prisoners.


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Ah, the lonely shuffle.
It doesn't get anywhere near the same sales as the other iPods, and has relatively few peripherals and accessories.
Vibrant designs
One band of plucky graphic designers trying to redress the balance is Shufflesome, which has created a great range of many different sticker designs to paste onto them.
Applying the stickers requires a steady hand and careful eye, but they're all good quality and don't tear. We stuck one Japanese-looking set on ours; the key areas of brushed metal were covered nicely and no controls were obscured.
You'll know better than us if the designs appeal; we thought the selection and aesthetics were tasteful and vibrant.
Sure, the stickers won't delight everyone - after all, the iPods look perfectly formed when naked - but for those looking for a custom design and scratch protection, then these Shufflesome stickers are worth looking at.


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Reading a couple of recent articles on the latest upsurge of the civil conlict in the Central Africa Republic (I understand if you hadn't heard anything was happening there), and an interesting New York Times piece on the militarization of poaching in central Africa, led me to reflect once again on the fascinating interconnection that exists between the various armed groups across Sub-Saharan Africa. Here's a quick, dirty and non-exhaustive glance.
CAR, Chad and the Sudans
We'll start with the CAR, as it's topical. The northern rebels (currently going by the trade name 'Seleka', which in a local language means 'The Alliance') are quite literally that- a hodge-podge of armed gangs, guns-for-hire, militia representing disenfranchised communities (mostly northern), and bolstered by rebels who have come into the north from their neighbour Chad.
Chad has been a breeding ground for militant activity for the better part of 20 years and longer. Current
Strongman President Idriss Deby seized power in the early nineties, launching from his home base in the far reaches of eastern Chad (Bahai) on the Sudanese border. His ethnic Zagawa militia swept across the country in a series of bloody battles, the remnants (tanks, shells, landmines, technicals) of which are still scattered across the landscape today.
Deby's rise to power was supported by armed groups within Sudan. His ethnic group- the Zagawa- are on both sides of the border, in eastern Chad and in Darfur, western Sudan, and his coup d'etat was backed by Khartoum. Various rebel groups sprung up as a result of his seizure of power- which was brutal both from a military perspective, and from the reprisals wrought on the civilian population.
From 2002, two major rebel groups in Darfur, the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) and the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) became prominent in Darfur, fomenting an armed uprising against the Khartoum government. The Zagawa formed one of the prominent ethnic constituents of the rebellion, and Chad was implicated. Tensions with Khartoum quickly soured. Cross-border raids by the Khartoum-backed Janjawid militia took place into Chad. It became clear that rebel groups were using refugee camps in eastern Chad as an opportunity to rest, recuperate, and stage new attacks against government forces.
From 2005, a fresh impetus of rebellion against Deby began, with implications clear that the renewed support was coming from Khartoum, in response to Chadian support for Darfur rebel groups. Twice, once in 2006, and later in 2008, rebels (the same, or allied to those, as those now pushed into CAR) pushed all the way across the desert and showed up on the outskirts of N'djamena- where they were eventually supressed. In both instances, the government of Sudan was blamed. Interestingly, the attack was eerily similar to one carried out, also in 2008, by Darfur rebels, who pushed across the desert all the way to Omdurman, on the edge of Khartoum, before being overcome. Khartoum claimed the forces were essentially Chadian, and blamed N'djamena for arming the group. Tensions between the two countries remain tense.
The uprising in Darfur itself was a complex issue, based on similar complaints to those leveled by the southern Sudanese rebels, the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)- a combination of economic marginalization, Islamicization, the centralization of government control, and access to resource rights and profits. Indeed, the rebellion echoed that of the north-south civil war, quite literally: Throughout the history of the Darfur conflict, rebel activity has followed from gains and advances made in the peace deals with the southern rebels (now an independant state). Essentially seeing the SPLA's rebellion as 'successful', they resorted to a similar model for their own resistance against Khartoum, and as gains were made by the SPLA at the negotiation table, so military pushes could be mapped by Darfur rebels, trying to get Khartoum's attention and force concessions in their own deals.
As well as using conventional forces in both the Darfur and north-south civil war, Khartoum has always espoused using proxy forces- militia groups that it arms and supports, but with whom there is a measure of deniability- particularly when they terrorize the civilian populace with torture, killings and ethnic cleansing. The best-known of these groups is the Janjawid, horse-backed 'Arab' militia allegedly stocked by, among others, prisoners released by Khartoum. The Janjawid carried out indiscriminate killing of civilians and the burning of villages, essentially forcing up to 4 million people from their homes in Darfur between 2003 and 2005. However the use by Khartoum of Arab horsemen in subduing and slaughtering agrarian villagers was well documented during the 1983-2005 civil war as well (the Murahaleen). Various different proxy militias- including previously southern-allied armed groups enticed to break away from the SPLA- were employed by Khartoum. Likewise, the SPLA (itself a fragile agglomeration of warlords and their private armies) employed similar tactics on northern soil.
The SPLA itself received backing from external sources. More strongly identified with East Africa than with the north African/Arab culture associated with Khartoum, the south Sudanese at the time found natural allies in Kenya and, notably, Uganda. Both nations hosted large refugee camps of southern Sudanese, who eventually formed an influential diaspora in those nations. This quiet support was further strengthened by Cold War politics. NATO interests in Sudan's oil reserves (at the heart of the civil war) had it come down on the side of the south, and backing was funneled via the former British colonies of Kenya and Uganda, both of which helpfully became bases for the large western-funded aid operation as well.
Museveni, Bashir, Garang, Kagame and Kony
While Uganda was providing a channel of support to the SPLA, Khartoum's response was to engage with its well-established tactic of using proxy militias. The technique depends on identifying existing divides within the target community, and exploiting those accordingly. In Uganda, an obvious candidate was a northern-based and highly disgruntled Acholi rebel group known as the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), which would come to be led by a sociopath called Joseph Kony and become infamous for its use of child soldiers, and horrendous crimes against civilians. Over the years, Khartoum's backing of the LRA became common- if scantily-proven- knowledge. In doing so, Khartoum kept Museveni's forces and military investment wrapped up at home, reducing the extent to which Uganda was free to invest in creating an ally on its northern borders in the SPLA. The LRA remained a major destabilizing force in northern Uganda from the early eighties and into the first half of the first decade of the new millenium- eerily echoing the timescale of the Sudanese civil war. Since 2005, they have been vastly reduced in capacity and influence, carrying out few attacks (despite an over-the-top web campaign suggesting the contrary), and pushed variously into pockets of South Sudan (where they were enemies of the SPLA), DRC and, now, CAR, where they are being hunted by a contingent of Ugandan troops and US Special Forces.
The links between Uganda's Museveni and the SPLA's Garang are well established- Garang died flying in one of Museveni's helicopters after returning from a meeting in Uganda, the purpose of which is still unknown. While Museveni was providing backing to the SPLA, he was also supporting another regional warlord (who would one day also become President of his nation), Paul Kagame. Kagame, inspired by Museveni's first insurgent campaign against Idi Amin, joined Museveni's National Resistance Army (NRA) in 1981, and fought alongside him in that second insurgency against Milton Obote. For a time, the Rwandan refugee served in Museveni's government as head of military intelligence, before taking the leadership of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a rebel group that prior to 1994 launched a long, violent and militarily highly successful insurgency campaign against the Hutu-dominated Rwandan government. The RPF had bases in southern Uganda, and received backing from the Ugandan government. Both Kagame and Garang studied at US military institutions during periods of their respective exiles, and Kagame also received intelligence training in Tanzania.
Hutus, Tutsis and Africa's World War
The RPF's campaign- which included massacres of Hutu civilians that remain under-acknowledged to this day- kicked into overdrive following the assassination of Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana and the subsequent slaughter of ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus that followed over the subsequent 100 days. A strong military force, their overthrow of the Hutu military establishment is lauded as a spectacular acheivement- indeed there are allegations that were it not for French intervention on behalf of the former Rwandan government, the RPF would have taken Rwanda in the years preceeding the 1994 genocide. Regardless, Kagame's RPF did eventually take control of the country, and Kagame remains President to this day.
The fallout of the RPF victory was the flight of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Hutus, among whom were the genocidaires– the architects and footsoldiers of the massacres. These fled into eastern DRC, into camps and into the jungles and villages. While the violence between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda had largely come to a close, it continued in various guises in eastern DRC, and does-so to this day, between various splintered militia groups. These groups generally share alliances that can be broadly categorized as pro-Hutu or pro-Tutsi (although names and divisions shift as you cross the border) in a highly complex and shifting patchwork of old allegiences and new grievances.
The most far-reaching consequence of the Rwandan civil war for the DRC showcased the phrase 'when Rwanda sneezes, Congo catches a cold'. Laurent Kabila, a pro-Tutsi rebel fighter who cut his teeth following Congolese liberation in the 1960s, re-emerged in 1996 to front the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire (ADFL), an overtly Uganda-, Rwanda- and Burundi-backed group that would eventually force despot Mobutu into exile and lead to Kabila's presidency from 1997.
In all of this, it's quite interesting to note that Kabila, Kagame and Garang all had close relationships with Museveni, who faciliated relationships between the men. Also interestingly, during his own rebellion to seize control of Uganda in the mid-80s, Museveni had actually approached Mobutu for military assistance, but Mobutu had been training troops loyal to the then-government of Uganda, which would go some way to explaining Museveni's eagerness to support anti-Mobutu forces in DRC.
Nowhere was this interplay between various central African forces demonstrated- and with remarkably low profile- than during the Second Congo War. Dubbed 'Africa's World War', it involved the overt engagement of no less than seven African nations. Following the initial installation of Kabila on the back of a Tutsi-allied army, backed by Rwandan, Burundian and Ugandan forces during 1996-7, their heavy presence in DRC subsequently forced Kabila to request their withdrawl or look like a Kagame puppet (not an unreasonable concern). Rwandan, Ugandan and Burundian forces piggybacked a Tutsi revolt in north-eastern DRC (Goma) in 1998, aiming to unseat Kabila (and no doubt install a more acquiescent puppet), and would likely have been successful were it not for the direct involvement of Chadian, Angolan, Zimbabwean and Namibian troops. Libya and Sudan were both indirectly supportive of the Kabila government as well- Sudan did not engage directly, but did continue to fund its proxy militias to worry Uganda, including the LRA. (Interestingly, the support of the Angolan government came as a result of Mobutu's backing of the UNITA rebels during that country's nasty civil war; the government victors were keen to repay the debt by ensuring that Mobutu stayed out).
The fallout of this interplay of regional actors continues to this day, with north-eastern Congo becoming something of a lush, mineral-rich carcass over which a patchwork of militias fought- and continue to fight. During the Congo conflict, Ituri and Kivus North and South played host to an orchestra of militia on both sides of the conflict, including the anti-Rwandan militias the FDLR, the Mai Mai, the RDR and the ALiR, as well as the remnants of the genocidal Interahamwe and other Hutu groups. Allied to them were anti-Burundian groups CNDD and FROLINA. On the other side of the coin were the pro-Rwandan groups the RCD and RCD-GOMA, the ethnically Tutsi Banyamulenge, and the pro-Ugandan militias MLC, UPC and other pro-Tutsi groups. Since that time, this murderous alphabet soup has aligned, split, rebelled, splintered and reformed into a variety of coagulating movements, all squabbling for a piece of the eDRC pie. Most recently, the takeover of Goma by the M23 rebel group (with ostensible backing from both Rwanda and Uganda) signifies that this regionally-interwoven conflict is by no means over. The tension for Joseph Kabila, who replaced his father after Laurent's assassination, is that the regime he inherited was essentially installed by a pro-Tutsi coalition which expected to dominate the subsequent political landscape. By rejecting this, both Kabilas find themselves fighting against the very group that put them in power. Meanwhile, the Hutu-Tutsi conflict that reached such a bloody crescendo in 1994 in Rwanda has merely been exported a few dozen miles over the border into what is in effect a disputed territory, irrespective of lines on the map (and with horrendous consequences for the population; the 800,000 who lost their lives in the 1994 genocide have had as many as two and a half million added to their number from the forests of DRC since then).
I'm not even going to try to list the latest iteration of rebel groups and their alliances in east DRC currently.
The oft-forgotten child of the Great Lakes region, Burundi, is no less intertwined with regional conflicts. Stepping back a decade or two, it is riven by the same Tutsi-Hutu divide that Rwanda and east DRC are, and was a little-mentioned but insperable part of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Indeed, new Burundian President and ethnic Hutu Cyprien Ntaryamira was in Habyarimana's plane the night it was shot down, and died alongside his Rwandan counterpart. Tit-for-tat ethnic killings between Tutsis and Hutus, which had been ongoing for decades, reaching a crescendo in 1993 when Ntaryamira's predecessor Ndadaye (a Hutu) was assassinated by disgruntled Tutsi soldiers- preceeding both the Ntaryamira/Habyarimana assassination and the Rwandan genocide. Indeed the Tutsi-Hutu killings in Burundi in the lead up to May 1994 provided fuel to the genocidal fire, and the presence of Burundian Tutsi refugees in large numbers in southern Rwanda proved to be a destabilizing (and fear-evoking) influence that leant credence to the genocidaire case, as well as proving a ripe recruiting ground for Kagame's RPF.
Conflict in the Horn
A pivotal nation less directly implicated in its neighbour's conflicts, but none the less indirectly involved, is Kenya. At the time of its engagement in southern Somalia in 2011, its claim was that it had never before fielded its army (a claim to which some truth was subsequently demonstrated in its fairly inept tactical handling of the fight with al Shabaab). Be that as it may, Kenya has repeatedly played host to war-embroiled diaspora. Sudanese refugees in camps in northern Kenya became a recruiting ground for the SPLA to which Kenyan authorities turned a blind eye, and Kenya became a safe-haven for SPLA leadership at points along the way. Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS), the mammoth relief operation funded by the UN and largely western nations (many of whom interestingly enough also had economic stakes in South Sudan) was also run out of Kenya, from the pokey northern airhead of Lokichoggio, and it, as much as any foreign arms transfers, holds much of the credit for prolonging the war and forcing Khartoum to the negotiating table which saw South Sudan win its independence.
Kenya also provided the home for the Somali Government in Exile, which has been based in Nairobi for most of the period since the fall of Siad Biarre in 1991. This, combined with a growing and restive Somali diaspora in Kenya, fears of a porous border, and alleged support, by Somali militants, for Islamic militants within Kenya, resulted in Kenya's ill-advised military intervention in southern Somalia ('Jubaland') against al Shabaab- the fundamentalist group in tacit control of most of southern Somalia at the time.
Over the years, a number of different forces have been involved in the war against the various iterations of Somali Islamic militant groups, with Kenya the most recent addition. Uganda and Burundi have both provided substantial troop numbers (and suffered casualties), but the key player in the conflict has been Ethiopia, whose government essentially used the chaos in Somalia to justify a military invasion to bolster their own porous border, establish a buffer-zone, and weaken home-grown Islamic militant groups in Ogaden and Somali Region (Ethiopia and Somalia- both highly distinct nations with strong historical identity- have a long history of border conflict, and Somalia launched an invasion of Ethiopia as recently as the late 1970s).
A nation that allegedly provides support for al Shabaab is Eritrea, which recently faced sanctions for its involvement in moving Shabaab finances. Eritrea is possibly operating on the principle of 'The Enemy of my Enemy is my Friend'. Eritrea fought a bloody war with Ethiopia in which it gained its independence from that nation- after the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) initially supported the overthrow of the communist Mengistu regime in 1991 alongside Meles Zenawi's Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front (TPLF) as part of the Ethiopian Peoples' Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). Indeed Isaias Aferwerki, subsequently President of Eritrea and leader of the civil war, was one of the EPRDF's co-leaders alongside Zenawi.
As well as Eritrea and Somalia, the other regional actors the EPRDF has relationships with are Sudan and South Sudan. Initially, the EPRDF was supported by Khartoum as it overthrew the Derg regime- perhaps because Mengistu was allowing the SPLA to use the refugee camps along Ethiopia's western border as bases for R&R and recruitment for its troops. Upon seizing the area, the EPRDF emptied the camps and forced tens of thousands of southern refugees back into Sudan. This changed, however, upon consolidation of power, and by 1995, Ethiopia and Eritrea both had troops in South Sudan in support of the SPLA. To this day, Ethiopia continues to provide support to rebels fighting the Khartoum government, allowing an SPLA presence around refugee camps in the west, where recruitment of militia fighters operating in Blue Nile state continues. One of Ethiopia's primary interests- and the source of conflict with Khartoum- is over control of the Blue Nile's water resources. The Blue Nile provides roughly 90% of the Nile's overall flow, rising in Ethiopian territory, and Ethiopia is in the process of constructing a massive hydroelectric power station (the Renaissance Dam) close to the Sudanese border- a move that has heightened tensions between Ethiopia, and Sudan and Egypt downstream.
Libya, the Sahel, and Transnational Islamicism
The other lynchpin tying many of sub-Saharan Africa's conflicts together is- or was- Moammar Ghaddafi. With his view of a Pan-Saharan Islamic Caliphate, Ghaddafi poured billions of dollars in aid money into propping up friendly regimes- including (but not limited to) Sudan's Bashir, Chad's Deby, Niger's Tanja and Mali's Toure. Indeed, at the time of the Libyan civil war and Ghaddafi's death, mercenaries from Mali, Chad and Niger were all present fighting on behalf of the soon-to-be-late dictator, and upon the failure of the regime, flooded back home to their respective countries. This influx of arms created rapid destabilization, increasing security concerns in Niger and Mali particularly, although both Chad and Mauritania have also had coup scares since Ghaddafi's death. The fall of the Libyan regime is argued as one of the factors in the insurgency that has split Mali in half, which the French have just launched military action in response to, pre-empting a planned ECOWAS intervention.
The loose coalition of Tuareg and Islamist militias that annexed northern Mali to form their state of Awazad is itself a regional conglomeration. Tuaregs exist across the Sahara region, with the bulk of their territory in northern Mali, Niger and Mauritania, and southern Algeria, but with significant populations and ties in Morocco, Chad, Libya and links throughout West Africa and even to the Bedouin of the Middle East. The strong cross-border ties ensure that the Mali conflict has direct repurcussions for stability in both Mauritania and Niger. Meanwhile, Islamist groups, particularly AQIM and its offshoots, also operate across the Sahara region. Originally born out of the Algeria conflict of the 1990s and the insurgent groups that rose to oppose the government, they now have operational reach in Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Chad, Algeria and Libya and beyond, in a complex presence that is part insurgency, part fundamentalist terrorism, and part criminality.
While long rumoured, the conflict in Mali also led to renewed claims of a partnership between AQIM and its partners, and the Nigerian militant group Boko Haram, fighting a domestic insurgency in Nigeria to create a Sharia-based state in the north of that nation. Reports that Boko Haram fighters were supporting operations in Gao provided some confirmation that Boko Haram and AQIM share resources and information in their mutual jihads. Boko Haram has also publically announced its ties to Somalia's al Shabaab, which in turn is networked to militant Islamic groups in Kenya and Uganda, as well as to global fundamentalist groups outside the African continent.
The below map is a rough and only partial representation of some of the relationships described above- more to visually demonstrate linkages across geography than to provide accurate detail. You'll need to click on it to view large enough to read properly.
Note that you could carry out a similar analysis on a much smaller scale in any one of the individual conflict-zones, such as Darfur, east DRC or Sudan/South Sudan- which details I have not gone into here.
Strongman Politics, Statehood and Postcolonial Identity
The incredible array of cross-border interactions and networks that embody conflict in sub-Saharan Africa is hardly surprising. A relatively small number of individuals have a very extensive impact on conflict. Museveni supported Garang in his fight against Bashir, who in return funded the LRA in Uganda against Museveni. Museveni equally fought alongside Kagame in Uganda's domestic conflicts, and so supported his former compatriot in Kagame's own struggles, first in Rwanda, and subsequently in DRC. Kagame and Museveni together installed Kabila, who then rejected their influence, creating a new conflict. Meanwhile Bashir, as well as fighting Garang in the south, initially supported both Deby and Zenawi in their respective rebellions, but finding himself at odds with both, after Deby invested in the Darfur conflict to shore up his borders, and Zenawi took sides with Garang. Zenawi found himself at odds with Afewerki, and also took the opportunity to secure his borders with Somalia, taking on al Shabaab in the process. Meanwhile, Ghaddafi's influence provided some facade of stability to several sub-Saharan nations, supporting Bashir, Deby, Tandja and Toure, and with his death, all four nations have experienced an increase in instability.
The concept of the Strongman has a dominant presence in the politics of most sub-Saharan African states. The cultural context is often described as embodying a 'power/fear' paradigm (contrasted with the notion of 'guilt/innocence' that is commonplace in most European cultures, or 'honour/shame' that is found across the Middle East and much of Asia). The development of society for many centuries has in many parts of the region revolved around a single strong leader who takes responsibility variously for family, clan and tribal groups, and this has translated into state-level politics.
The colonial division and subsequent post-colonial devolvement of sub-Saharan African politics and identity is both a part of the problem, and goes a long way to explaining this highly integrated conflict dynamic. State borders are lines drawn on a map by colonial surveyors and clashing European powers. They cut across traditional boundaries, creating situations (as in Rwanda/DRC, for just one of many examples) where ethnic groups are subsequently split by an arbitrary international boundary. Thus war on one side of the boundary naturally spills across the other. Alliances between self-identifying ethnic groups are far stronger than those to nation-state governments in many cases, resulting in the mutli-national involvement so often seen.
Indeed the very nature of ethnic identity in sub-Saharan Africa is problematic. In part it is a construct of the colonial period, where the notion of 'divide and conquer' was used to administer restive provinces. People-groups were identified and given artificial containment (see tribal groups in Kenya under the British, and Hutu/Tutsi identity as reinforced by the Belgians). Divisions that were malleable and interchangeable at best prior to colonial rule became reinforced in order to create some kind of order. Where once, ethnic identity could be redefined according to marriage or economic status, it had now become something linked to birthright, some genetic trait unchangeable and therefore open to exploitation. Thus have been born many of Africa's post-colonial conflicts.
This post is by no means an exhaustive list of alliances. I've barely scratched the surface of the dizzying acronym maelstrom that identifies the various players in today's war-zones, never mind those of the last thirty years. In 2007 there were nearly 30 armed groups operating in Darfur alone- many with ties to other groups in other parts of Sudan, South Sudan, Chad and CAR. A similar number of militia groups existed in South Sudan at the birth of its statehood- most of which were subsumed into the new South Sudanese armed forces, but which retain discrete identities within that force, ready to break out should their agendas be compromised. Then there are the proxy militias on both sides of the north-south Border, the various disgruntled insurgency groups within Ethiopia who claim ties to various other disgruntlecies across the region, and the veritable sea of militias, proto-militias, startup-militias and mom-and-pop militias in the jungles of DRC.
To name a few.
Without wishing to turn something with terrible and far-reaching consequences into an academic whimsy, I have long found the interaction between the various conflicts (and their masterminds) in sub-Saharan Africa fascinating, and it's been interesting mapping them out for this little exercise. What I hope it demonstrates is the extreme complexity in understanding conflict in Africa; the need for careful analysis, both in terms of motivation and in terms of stakeholders involved; a greater appreciation for the diversity that this continent (or rather, the particular chunk of it reflected in this post) exhibits; and hopefully, a nuanced understanding that conflict in 'Africa' doesn't just happen because it's the 'dark continent'- or any one of the newer myriad of tropes the media unconciously trots out when it covers 'yet another' African war. Rather, as with any conflict, there is a highly intricate set of circumstances, histories, identities, motivations and participants that coalesce to give a particular event at a particular point in time.
A disclaimer: This post doesn't address any of the complex linkages to forces outside the African continent, such as politics of the Cold War during the 80s, or subsequently, the newer dynamics of neocolonialist power-games and players, such as China's economic imperialism, or the US and its allies in their ongoing investment as part of the 'Global War on Terror'- all highly complex networks that fuel conflict. Likewise I haven't touched on the dynamics of post-independence conflict in southern Africa, which reverberate up into DRC, ROC and elsewhere, or the conflicts in West Africa, such as the nexus between Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Conakry (with destabilizing influences into Burkina, Ghana, Niger, Mali and elsewhere). And I've barely referenced the Arab Spring that ties all North African nations together, including tying in to Bashir's Khartoum, and weakening that regime's position vis-a-vis its ability even to manage its southern 'problem'. Here, I've just focused on the central/east regions of the continent, but maybe sometime I'll expand broader.
Also, apologies again for the lack of URLs in this post. There are HEAPS of sources I pulled drawing this together, gradually over several weeks of reading and pondering, but my internet connectivity out here is poor and going back to catalogue them all has been impossible. If I get a chance to update this again in the future, I'll see what I can do to fix that.
Finally- I'm pretty sure that Kenya was substantially implicated in supporting Kagame and the RPF on some level during the early 90s, but I couldn't dig up any sources that explicitly outlined this relationship. If you come across anything, please could you post a link/source/theory in the comments below- thanks!


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white sofas
Sometimes I wish there was a way we could possibly live with a white sofa but can you
imagine trying to maintain this pretty "whiteness" with a 13 month old? I can't. It's
still nice to wish though and in the meantime, by that I mean the time until our
kid(s) move out, I'll be happy with a darker sofa, one that hides all the sticky
stuff that seems to be all over Israel's grimy hands. Cute little grimy, curious
Other Stories
12 comments:
gah, where were you this morning when i was looking for exactly these photos?!ReplyDelete
i so wish i was a white couch person...as it is, i have a light grey couch, and i'm catatonic when someone eats chocolate anywhere near it.
I love that first photo so, so much!ReplyDelete
white couches will not be apart of my world whilst i have littlies...i can imagine having a white lounge in my bedroom tho!ReplyDelete
I know, I have a white sofa and my 13 month old is destroying it :( what can you do...maybe one day it will be clean again.ReplyDelete
White and children do not mix! I have older kids and I still wouldn't go there. Maybe when I am retired and live alone (Ha! Ha!). Have a good weekend, Stephie xReplyDelete
wowww, I love everything about this loft. it's so white, though not too white. and the green carpet is wonderful!ReplyDelete
I've been dying for a white sofa. I fell in love with one in particular at Crate & Barrel - but it's not the kids I'm worried about so much but my love of curling up with a glass of red wine, on my sofa, in the evenings. It's a disaster waiting to happen.ReplyDelete
Most of our furnitures were white before we had kids, including white, soft, beautiful sofas. Now we are replacing one into dark grey, a color looks nice even when it is dirty, that was my purchasing priority...ReplyDelete
Yes white sofas are something most parents have to admire from afar. Those and unmarked carpet. Thanks for the beautiful images!ReplyDelete
I've always been a white sofa person... until I bought a grey one and realised I loved it! With white walls, white furniture and some wood, the grey stands out really nicely!ReplyDelete
i agree...white sofas are completely beautiful...and completely impractical for most families...i don't so much have a 13 year old as i do a 28 and almost 23 year old pair of klutzes. yikes.ReplyDelete
our sofa is leather and a light beige. It kind of works the same as white whilst being a bit more forgiving. The leather means anyone can sit on it, 3 kids and even the pooch! leather couches are so great for families! I love it. AND what about that fantastic that wooden floor lamp!!! i want it ;) cheers kariReplyDelete
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This magnificent edifice in Kassel, a monument to the Enlightenment spirit, became one of the first public museums on mainland Europe after it was completed in 1779.
The building, designed by Simon Louis du Ry at the behest of Frederick the Great, originally housed the Landgrave library as well as the art, antiquity and natural history collections. These days it is the focal point of the documenta art exhibition, which is held every five years. Between documentas the Fridericianum hosts exhibitions for the Kasseler Kunstverein and Fridericianum Kunsthalle galleries.
Opening times:
vary depending on exhibitions
Dve uporabni bližnjici za povečavo v brskalniku:
Povečava: +
Pomanjšava: +
Dodatna pomoč vam je na voljo pri ponudniku brskalnika. Do nje dostopate s klikom na ikono:


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MANSFIELD, OH –- President Obama today seized on an independent report as he argued that Mitt Romney's tax plan would lower taxes for the wealthy -- but raise them on the middle class.
Speaking here to a crowd of supporters, he cited a study by the nonpartisan Tax Policy Center that estimated how many tax breaks would have to be ended or reduced to keep Romney's large tax cut revenue neutral.
Larry Downing / Reuters
President Barack Obama shakes hands before he speaks at a campaign event at Mansfield Central Park in Mansfield, Ohio August 1.
"Just today, an independent nonpartisan organization ran all the numbers on Gov. Romney's plan," the president said to about 2,100 people in Mansfield's Central Park. "They found that if Gov. Romney wants to keep his word and pay for this plan then he'd have to cut tax breaks that middle-class families depend on."
The scenarios the Tax Policy Center gamed out included an extension of the Bush tax cuts, a reduction of individual income tax rates by 20%, elimination of taxes on investment income for most taxpayers, and the elimination of the estate and alternative minimum taxes.
Speaking at campaign rally in Ohio, President Obama says that Mitt Romney is "asking you to pay more so that people like him can get a big tax cut!"
To compensate for the revenues lost by these reductions, the policy center concluded the necessity of "a shift in the tax burden of at least $86 billion [a year] … onto lower-and-middle income taxpayers" through the elimination of tax credits like those for college education and children, as well as deductions for mortgage interest.
Obama said the elimination of those credits would affect middle-class families the most.
"The average middle-class family with children, according to this study, would be hit with a tax increase of more than $2.000," he said as the crowd booed.
Obama also seemed to make a distinction between good tax increases and bad ones, saying that these tax increases would not serve a meaningful purpose like deficit reduction or infrastructure spending.
"Here's the thing: He's not asking you to contribute more to pay down the deficit. He's not asking you to pay more to invest in our children's education or rebuild our roads or put more folks back to work. He's asking you to pay more so that people like him can get a big tax cut!" Obama continued to protracted boos.
The Romney camp responded with this statement: "President Obama continues to tout liberal studies calling for more tax hikes and more government spending. We've been down that road before -- and it's led us to 41 straight months of unemployment above 8%. It's clear that the only plan President Obama has is more of the same. Mitt Romney believes that lower tax rates and less government will jump-start the economy and create jobs."
Obama's tone was lighter at the beginning of his speech, as he congratulated swimmer and all-time medal record-holder Michael Phelps, as well as the gold medal-winning women's gymnastics team.
"I just think it makes sense for us to give it up for all our outstanding American athletes who are competing in London right now," he said.
He noted that he called the five champion gymnasts aboard Air Force One while flying from Washington to Ohio.
"These gymnastics folks, I don't understand how they do what they do. So I told these young ladies as I was congratulating them: How do you not bust your head every time you're on that balance beam? I could not walk across that balance beam!" he joked.
While the president was well received by the assembled crowd, there were at least 20 Romney supporters and anti-Obama protestors outside the event.
Richland County, where Mansfield is located, voted heavily for Republican John McCain in 2008, giving him a 56%-42% edge over Obama.
But Richland is part of the Columbus media market -- one of the hottest in the country for ad spending -- so the president's speech will get heavy local news coverage in parts of Ohio critical to his re-election.
Obama continued his local media blitz later Wednesday, doing three interviews with Ohio radio and TV stations from Columbus, Cleveland and Toledo.


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All-In Snatchlations goes to London. London? YES, London!
Do you know what gaming translations means?
Do you know what gaming translations means?
Planning to watch too much football this summer?
Which World Cup countries have more market potential, and where lie the potential and pitfalls of language localisation?
At All-In Translations, we are now expanding our home team in Malta and looking for talented translators and writers with experience and passion fo
The Summit of iGaming in Malta (SiGMA) is held on 30th October to 1st November.
When the Macao Gaming Show 2014 (MGS) decided which provider to use for Chinese and English translation of press releases and newsletters, the choi
The Pentasia Clubs League in Malta is the most popular and the longest running sporting event in the gaming world.


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Arizona | RV and Camping Travel Tips
National Park Guide | National Parks Without the Crowds
- Article Information
- Category: National Park Guides
Top 10 Little Known National Parks
There are over 397 units in the National Park System of the United States. These include National Parks, National Monuments, National Historic Site and much much more.
More Articles...
- RV Road Trip | Arizona Golf Week
- RV Trip to Baseball's Spring Training Destinations
- Sedona, Arizona
- Snowbirding - Snow Bird Destinations
- Superstition Mountain & Tombstone, Arizona
- The Best Spring Training Camping Destinations
- Top Picks | Irish Pubs
- Top Picks | Top 10 National Monuments
- Weekend Road Trip | Red Rock Scenic Byway - Sedona, Arizona


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Common Genetic Disorders in German Shepherd Dog
Highly praised worldwide for its stunning elegance, intelligence, verstility, and working abilities, the German Shepherd Dogs have earned a great deal of popularity these days. Most of the first time dog owners, I have seen, tend to go for a German Shepherd puppies, without knowing the shady nook of tne breed - the health issue. The astounding glory of a well bred German Shepherd Dog has made many novice dog lovers make wrong decision while choosing the right breed. German Shepherd Dog is not for all... especially not for the first time dog owners and for those who simple don't take canine health issue seriously. German Shepherd dog is a very different breed altogether! He can work hard and play even through a lot of physical pain. German Shepherd Dog sometimes doesn't easily show any underlying health problems until the condition gets matured. It takes a really an observant owner to know if his or her dog is suffering from any pain or health condition. Understanding that owning a truely healthy and well bred GSD unfolds loads of pleasure to the owner, here's my honest trial to come up with a comprehensive guideline regarding health and behavioral problems in German Shepherd Dogs. These are mostly the genetic ailments that are commonly found in the breed, although many of these conditions are not very common these days due to selective breeding programs undertaken by the responsible breeders. Thanks a million to them.
- D = Dominant
- R = Recessive
- P = Polygenic
- N = Not necessarily be genetic always
- S = Suspected genetic
- U = Unknown
Achalasia (R) : Dilated esophagus. Characterized by difficulty in swallowing, Achalasia shows symptoms like chest pain and voluntary or involuntary return of partly digested food from the stomach by vomiting. This is relatively uncommon these days.
Ankylosis (U) : Also spelled as 'Anchylosis'. Inflammation of the joint-ends of the bones - especially in vertebrae in tail or spinal cord - to be fused together, which reduces movement.
Bilateral Cataract (D) : Opacification of lens form in both eyes. Bilateral cataract is usually diagnosed after 18 months to 24 months of age.
Calcium Gout (S) : Medically known as Calcinosis Circumscripta, Calcium gout are lumps in the skin caused by calcium deposits due to improper absorption of calcium.
Cerebellar hHypoplasia (S) : Cerebellum doesn't mature completely at the birth, which leads to abnormal gait and lack in control. Symptoms usually starts at two months of age or so but sometimes may take 10 to 12 weeks to become apperant. The condition doesn't get worse or better with age.
Chronic Pancreatitis (S) : Inflammation of pancreas accompanied by lack of enzymes secretion, which alters the normal functionality of the digestive system. This gradually leads to weight loss, weakness and ill health, thereby making the dog easily susceptible to diseases.
Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate (N) : Nonclosure of bones of upper jaw and roof of mouth, which is a genetic trait, but not always the fact. This usually occurs if the tissues of the lip and/or palate of a fetus do not grow together early in pregnancy. Oral clefting are not commonly found these days.
Corneal Dermoid Cyst (S) : Congenital cyst on eye surface. Corneal dermoid is a congenital Choristoma, which is characterized by heterotopic cutaneous tissue on the surface of the eye, affectting the nictitating membrane, and cornea. Besides GSD, breeds like St. Barnard, Golden Retreiver and some short-legged breeds like Dachshund, Welsh Corgis and Basset Hounds are also afflicted to Corneal dermoid cyst.
Cryptorchidism (S) : Undescended testicle(s). Common in GSD. This is a condition present at the birth. The undescended testicle doesn't developed and becomes non-functional, and sometimes turns out to be the major source of problems - especially Cancer, during the matured age.
Cystinuria (R) : It is the metabolic disorder that is characterized by the formation of cystine stones in the kidneys, ureter and bladder. This condition is seen only in males.
Degenerative Myelopathy (Chronic Degenerative Radiculomyleopathy - CDRM) (U) : It is an autoimmune disease in which the dog's own immune system attacks its CNS, leading to loss of myelin (insulation around nerve fibers) and axons (nerve fibers). This degenerative neurologic disease is spinal degeneration or spinal ataxia in older GSDs and some other breeds.
Diabetes Mellitus (R) : Insulin deficiency... low level of blood sugar, which may be noticed at an age as early as 2-6 months. Older animals are more prone to this condition.
Distichiasis (S) : Extra row of eyelashes that grows on the eyelid of the dog and irritates the eye. These eyelashes usually come out from the duct of the meibomian gland that is located at the margin of eyelid. The eyelashes sometimes arises more than one from a duct.
Ectasia (R) : Not very much found in GSDs, the condition is called Collie Eye Anomaly or Scleral Ectasia Syndrome or Collie Ectasia Syndrome, this is an optic nerve/retina abnormality in which certain in which certain occular tissues of the fetus doesn't get properly matured. Its called Collie Eye Anomaly because it was first discovered in Collie breed. the condition also affects some other breeds like Border Collies, Australian Sheepdogs and Shetland Sheepdogs. In Shetland Sheepdogs Ectasia is called 'Sheltie Eye.'
Elbow Dysplasia (D) : Progressive developmental deformity of elbow joints, which is an inherrited disease that primarily affects the larger and medium breeds. Other than GSDs the high incedences of occurences of ED has been noticed in the Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers,
Eosinophilic Colitis (S) : Related to the probles in gastrointestinal tract, this is an inflammation of the colon, or large intestine resulting Chronic bouts of diarrhea.
Eosinophilic Myositis (Masticatory Myositis) (U) : Eosinophilic myositis is a bit too complicated ailment the dog seems to be in pain when trying to open his mouth or chew something. This may be bnoticed one day all on a sudden or occur gradually. some of the possible reason may be:
- Polymyositis (a general muscle inflammation)
- Muscular dystrophy
- Craniomandibular osteopathy (jaw bone growth abnormality)
Epilepsy (R) : Recurrent seizures. The incidence of occurrences starts between 1-3 years old.
Hemophelia A (R) : Blood Clottig disorder, when the blod doesn't clot faster. This happens due to the mutation of factor VIII gene, which leads to deficiency in Factor VIII. Hemophilia increases the risk of severe bleeding from injuries in joints, muscles, digestive tract, brain and other common injuries.
Hip Dysplasia (P) : Although selective breed programs have managed to controll the population of the dogs with displastic hip, yet it is a polygenic disease - progressive developmental deformity of the hip joints. This can slowly cause crippling and lameness.
Intervertebral Disc Disease (S) : The intervertebral discs are the cushion that presents in the space between adjacent spinal vertebrae. These discs are subject to certain degenerative conditions which predispose the vertebral column of the animal to rupture over time. Although suspected to be a genetic disorder, but excessive strain exerted against the spinal cord over time may also result to Intervertebral Disc Disease, leading to gradual worsening of neurologic function, causing pain, weakness and paralysis of limbs.
Malabsorption Syndrome (S) : Problem of absorption of one or more nutrients in the food, which causes diarrhoea, abdominal distension, leading to starvation and resulting weight loss.
Monorchism (S) : Monorchism is a condition of having only one testicle descended.
Nodular Dermatofibrosis (D) : Inherited Skin Disorder. Dogs afflicted to Nodular Dermatofibrosis will develop lumps on the skin, which can grow from 0.1 to 2 inches in the feet. In severe cases these lumps can ulcerate causing foot deformities and lameness. Nodular Dermatofibrosis is associated with underlying renal cancer or uterine cancer if the female is unspayed.
Osteochondritis Dessecans (OCD) (S) : Osteochondritis Dessecans is a disorder of immature long bones.Also spelled as "Dessicans", butI chose to spell "Dissecans" because this is it has been mentioned in Dorland's Medical Dictionary. Suspected to be a genetic ailment it is a growth disorder of long bones. Especially found in the oversized and fast growing progenitors, the growing long bones develops hairline cracks in the in the cartilage of the weight bearing surface, such as shoulder cartilage. P The condition worsens to pain and finally lameness.
Pannus (S) : This is a chronic inflammation of the cornea, characterized by the invasion of the superficial vessels and pigmented cellsinva into the transperant cornea, leading to opacity... worsening to blindness. Although most affected animals are the ones that are middle-aged, but the disease can develop in young adults too.
Panosteitis (Pano) (S) : Usually seen in oversized and fast growing progenitors,panostitis is Acute Shifting Lameness disease of growing dogs. The afflicted animal suffers from deep bone pain... the reason is unknown. Also called "long bone disease" and "wandering lameness".
Patent ductus arteriosus (P) : This is a polygenic condition, which is aortal development defect in the fetus. The heart murmur will be loud and the animal will be exercise intolerant.
Perianal Fistula (S) : Open draining tracts around or near anus
- Peri: all around, near, enclosing, surrounding
- Anal: of, relating to, or situated near the anus
- Fistula: abnormal passage that develops from an abscess or hollow organ into the body surface, or from one hollow organ to another that allows passage of secretions or fluids.
Peripheral Vestibular Disease (R) : Congenital deafness which is permanent. Defect in the inner ear causing puppies to show unusual behaviors like head tilt, circling behaviour, or a tendency to roll over or fall. The sysmptoms are noticed by 2 to 4 months of age.
Pituitary Dwarfism (R) : Pituitary Dwarfism is a condition, when the animal becomes abnormally smaller in stature. Although mostly found in almost perfectly proportioned body structure, the condition is sometimes characterized by altered body proportions. While some researchers describe PD to be an autosomal recessive trait, a few believe that it is a polygenic trait.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) (R) : Progressive Retinal atrophy retina problem causing gradual but total blindness.
Renal Cortical Hypoplasia (S) : Also called Renal Dysplasia, this is a condition when the kidnies are not properly developed (usually undersized)that are not adequately capable of filtering the blood and conserving water and doen't allow proper flashing off of body toxin.
Scleral Ectasia Syndrome (R) : Not very much found in GSDs, the condition is called Collie Eye Anomaly or Scleral Ectasia Syndrome or Collie Ectasia Syndrome, this is an optic nerve/retina abnormality in which certain in which certain occular tissues of the fetus doesn't get properly matured. It's called Collie Eye Anomaly because it was first discovered in Collie breed. The condition also affects some other breeds like Border Collies, Australian Sheepdogs and Shetland Sheepdogs. In Shetland Sheepdogs Ectasia is called 'Sheltie Eye.'
Soft Ears (R) : The ears gets erected properly but with Weak ear musculature. This cause the ears flip as the dog trots or gallop.
Spondylosis Deformans (S) : Spondylosis Deformans is a condition in which bridges are formed along the ventral (bottom) parts of the vertebrae, leading to severe pain. American lines of GSDs have mostyl been diagnosed with the condition, however some of te German line GSDs have also found to be afflicted to the disease.
Subaortic Stenosis (U) : Narrowness in the outflow tract of the left ventricle due to an obstruction little below the aortic valve, which causes an obsturction in blood flow from the left ventricle results in left ventricular hypertrophy. This in turn breeds a good chance of developing severe arrythmia leading to sudden death.
Third Eyelid Eversion (Nictitating membrane eversion) (R) : Also called "Cherry Eye", the Third Eyelid Eversion is an opthalmic condition where an extra growth is developed in the eye lid of the dog and that rolls back to cover the eye. The uderside of the growth is a small gland. SUrgery is the only resort.
Von Willebrand's Disease (vWD) (D) : This is a blood coagulation abnormality predominantly found in GSDs and other breeds like Dobermann, Scottish Terriers etc. It is a type of canine hemophilia which may turn out to be really lethal.


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Join your neighbors and friends for an enjoyable evening of card and board games on Wednesday evenings at 7:00 PM at the South Ridge Center. The Recreation Committee will provide a variety of card and board games, but feel free to bring along a favorite game. You may also bring along a beverage or a snack if you like. Reservations are not required.
|Event Date
|02-26-2020 7:00 pm
|Event End Date
|02-26-2020 9:00 pm
|Individual Price
1900 South Ridge Drive, PO Box 4180
Hidden Valley, PA 15502
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Cows calving:
This black first-calf heifer took about 45 minutes, maybe a bit more from start to finish.
Tail extended, she's thinking about it...
Laying down, front feet showing but enclosed in the sac...
Up and sac has broken over the hooves...
There's the nose...
All out... too fast to catch on camera
Cleaning him off and he's up on his feet now...
Looking for a drink, he's headed in the right direction
Whew, that was a long day!
And another series, courtesy of JerseyLily:
jersey lilly wrote:Thought those of you that are new at this might like photos of a cow birthin a baby. I caught this one last year, start to finish. Took all of about 30 minutes.
Just gettin started when I pulled up.
Walkin and doin circles.
Lay down, get up, lay back down. I see one foot.
Crossed the slough, I see two feet!!
there's a head.....
Here we go
Almost there
Whewww.....made it
First bath
Uhg....I just got here mom, I can't be that dirty.
Taste Test.
First Nap
There's a few points that need to be emphasized here:
1) If the cow is in active labor for much more than an hour -- straining, no calf, or feet showing but no more progress -- and the cow hasn't been disturbed (hard to make progress when you're constantly being checked on!) you need a vet or an experienced friend/neighbor/mentor to come check on and probably pull the calf.
2) If the back feet are showing the calf needs to be pulled ASAP. The calf only has about 4 minutes from the time the cord is broken until he dies when in a backwards presentation, and most cows can't spit the calf out that quickly.
3) If only one foot is showing, one foot plus a nose, both feet but no head, head but no feet, etc etc... vet needs to be called pronto.
4) Calf needs colostrum preferably within 2 hours, definitely within 12 hours, and after 24 hours if the calf hasn't had colostrum, you've got a tough battle ahead to keep the lil bugger alive. If you bottle feed it, give a half gallon ASAP after birth, and another half gallon 12 hours later.
Cows prior to calving (pics taken 12-24 hours before):
Older dairy cow -- note udder and teats are full and tight
Another older dairy cow -- note the full udder
Same cow -- note the sunken area around tail and hips, also the slab-sided appearance (esp on right side) signifying the calf has dropped into position for birth
First calf dairy/beef cross heifer -- note the edema on her underline; some have it, some don't, it's normal and will go away in time
same heifer from the rear
Beef heifer before calving -- note mucus and "floppy" vulva
Dairy influenced cows usually show more signs before calving and they'll have a bigger udder and softer vulva before calving than a beef cow will, generally. A dairy cow usually takes between 7 and 18 days from the time she starts bagging up until she calves. A beef cow may be much shorter. And a heifer, dairy or beef, doesn't follow any of the rules.
If the beef folks have some more pics of beef animals that'd be appreciated...


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Scientists found people who are going grey build up hydrogen peroxide in the hair follicle, which causes hair to bleach itself from the inside out.
However this could be reversed by "an antioxidant" cocktail that allows "re-pigmentation" of the hair.
The discovery of what makes hair grey, published in the FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology) journal, was actually made whilst investigating the skin disease vitiligo.
The condition, which Michael Jackson claimed to suffer from, causes loss of inherited skin and hair colour.
The team, which included experts from Bradford University's School of Life Sciences, blamed "massive epidermal oxidative stress" that leads to the build up of hydrogen peroxide.
For the study, the research team analysed an international group of 2,411 patients with vitiligo. The patients were treated with a drug known as pseudocatalase activated via sunlight. Researchers noticed that the pigment of the skin and eyelashes returned.
Gerald Weissman, FASEB Journal editor-in-chief, said the same treatment could be developed to allow "repigmentation" of grey hair – or indeed to stop it going grey in the first place.
"For generations, numerous remedies have been concocted to hide grey hair but now, for the first time, an actual treatment that gets to the root of the problem has been developed."
In the mean time he said the priority was to develop a treatment for vitiligo, that can cause serious social problems for patients.
"While this is exciting news, what's even more exciting is that this also works for vitiligo," he said.
"This condition, while technically cosmetic, can have serious socio-emotional effects of people.
"Developing an effective treatment for this condition has the potential to radically improve many people's lives."
Professor Karin Schallreuter, the lead author and specialist in vitiligo, also said the important thing is to develop treatments for vitiligo.
"To date, it is beyond any doubt that the sudden loss of the inherited skin and localised hair colour can affect those individuals in many fundamental ways," she said.
"The improvement of quality of life after total and even partial successful repigmentation has been documented."


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Love and Romance Flowers in Bradenton
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Our aim is for you to be completely satisfied with your purchase.
Therefore, with all products purchased from Lutech Gear we provide a 7-day money-back satisfaction guarantee. You can return your purchase within a week (7 calendar days) of buying it and we will refund you 100% of your money back or you can select to return your purchase if it was received incorrect, damaged or faulty, and we will replace the item. Please notify us within 7 days and ensure item is ready for collection.
All items are covered by a 6-month warranty (unless otherwise stated) which will be honored by Lutech Gear. All products will either be replaced/repaired or refunded depending on stock availability.
Products will require evaluation by Lutech Gear before a warranty claim can be accepted. Please email us should you need to return and process a warranty claim for the item.
Please note Lutech Gear will only cover return shipping of a faulty unit within 30 days of purchase, after which, a shipping fee starting at R95.00 will be applicable for return of the unit.
Refunds are subject to inspection of the item (s) - in some cases, items will need to be sent to the external supplier for evaluation and testing. This can take up to 14 working days.
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Read all about our main research project.
'The Epistemic Responsibilities of the University'
September 1st, 2016 – August 31th, 2019
Main Research Questions
- What are the epistemic values that modern universities ought to uphold?
- What responsibilities flow from these?
- How can universities meet these responsibilities in the face of contemporary challenges?
Three normative hypotheses
- The primary values that the university should uphold are epistemic values, i.e. values having to do with truth, knowledge, justified and rational belief, insight, understanding, wisdom
- The epistemic values of the university include not only values having to do with research, but also with teaching and intellectual character formation
- One important, albeit widely disdained, epistemic responsibility of the university is to cultivate humanistic learning
Four assumptions
- Values are real
- Responsibilities are grounded in values; epistemic responsibilities are grounded in epistemic values
- The mission of the university requires articulation, nourishment, invigoration, and clear-headed defense
- Many discussions concerning the task and mission of the university are philosophical in nature


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The Cleveland Browns are thinking of selecting Texas A&M quarterback Ryan Tannehill with the fourth overall pick in next month's NFL draft, sources with knowledge of the situation said Thursday.
The possibility exists that three quarterbacks could be taken with the first four picks in the draft. This is a time when teams commonly raise pre-draft smoke screens and engage in subterfuge, but several sources said the Browns are monitoring Tannehill closely and have favorable scouting reports on him thus far.
Baldinger: Mock Draft
Everyone has Minnesota taking Matt Kalil at No. 3, but Brian Baldinger thinks the Vikes could go in a different direction. More ...
Several general managers said during the recently concluded NFL Annual Meeting that they expect Tannehill's stock to continue to rise through April as he works out more in front of scouts -- an injury prevented him from doing much at the NFL Scouting Combine -- and decision-makers have the opportunity to spend more time with him.
NFL.com's Gil Brandt reported that Tannehill impressed team reps on hand with his throwing performance at Thursday's Texas A&M pro day.
The Browns had been deep in trade talks to acquire the No. 2 overall pick so they could draft Baylor quarterback Robert Griffin III, though that slot eventually went to the Washington Redskins.
While the Browns have supported incumbent starter Colt McCoy, it's also very clear they are open to upgrading at the quarterback position. There is a steep dropoff in draft talent at quarterback after Tannehill, and Miami, which picks eighth overall, also is high on him. Dolphins offensive coordinator Mike Sherman coached Tannehill in college.
Cleveland, which traded down a year ago, would listen to offers to do so again, should another team want to leapfrog Miami or make a move for Tannehill or other prospects. But if the Browns stay at No. 4 and continue to like what they see and hear from Tannehill, they would seriously consider him with that pick.
Tannehill has spent the past three months training at IMG Academy in Bradenton, Fla., and the past several weeks working daily with Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton and quarterbacks coach Chris Weinke, who trained Newton last year during the lockout. Newton has been raving about Tannehill, sources said, and Tannehill is expected to continue to create considerable buzz heading into the draft.


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›51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting
United States
Grapevine, TX
ASM is Where it All Comes Together!
The interdisciplinary nature of aerospace engineering has contributed to tremendous research advances that have inspired new and novel industrial applications. Some of the innovative developments of aerospace technologies in recent times include new shock wave assisted applications in the realm of medicine, drug delivery systems, biotechnology, and manufacturing, space solar power systems, energy storage systems, fuels cells, use of supercomputers, development of transdisciplinary computational techniques, and cryogenic applications. The carbon fiber based composites used as heat shield material during reentry are today used to manufacture cost-effective artificial limbs for people with physical disabilities. The manufacturing techniques specially developed for machining components for aerospace applications have been instrumental in the development of innovative heat exchanger systems for ground-based applications.
The AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting (ASM) is the first major multidisciplinary event of the year for aerospace scientists and engineers from around the world to share and disseminate the latest scientific knowledge and research. At ASM, you'll discover new research that can be applied to your industry, and you'll meet the individuals who lead prime and subprime aerospace corporations, lead and manage government programs, and create business and job opportunities.
New Horizons Forum
The New Horizons Forum is held in conjunction with the AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. The Forum features panel discussions and keynote speakers from industry and government who share their perspectives on the new challenges, future opportunities, and emerging trends in aerospace education, research, and programs.
Aerospace Exposition
The Aerospace Exposition showcases exhibits from various sectors of the aerospace community—from larger organizations to small businesses. The Exposition provides opportunities for one-on-one discussions with exhibitors, hardware and software demonstrations, and side meetings with these organizations throughout the week.