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Covenants contained in the Scriptures are of primary importance to the interpreter of the Word and to the student of Eschatology. God (YHWH)'s eschatological program is determined and prescribed by these covenants and one's eschatological system is determined and limited by the interpretation of them. These covenants must be studied diligently as the basis of Biblical Eschatology.It must be observed at the very outset of this study that the Biblical Covenants are quite different from the theological covenants posited by the Covenant theologian. He sees the ages of history as the development of a covenant made between God and sinners, by which God would save, through the value of the death of Christ, all who come to Him by faith". 'While there is much in the position of the Covenant theologian that is in agreement with Scripture, Covenant theology is woefully inadequate to explain the Scriptures eschatologically, for it ignores the great field of the Biblical covenants which determine the whole eschatological program."
(Dwight Pentecost)
The major Biblical Covenants of the Holy Bible are mostly between God and Israel. This study, then, is not occupied with the covenants contained in Reformed Theology, but rather with the determinative covenants set forth in the Scriptures.
(Things to Come by Dwight Pentecost)
The covenants of God contained in Scripture fall into two classes, those that are conditional and those that are unconditional. A conditional covenant is one in which God's action is in response to some action on the part of those to whom the covenant is addressed. A conditional covenant guarantees that God will do Him part with absolute certainty when the human requirements are met, but if man fails, God is not obligated to fulfill His covenant.
An unconditional covenant, while it may include certain human contingencies, is a declaration of the certain purpose of God, and the promises of an unconditional covenant is distinguished from a conditional covenant by the fact that its ultimate fulfillment is promised by God and depends upon God's power and sovereignty.
An unconditional covenant, while it may include certain human contingencies, is a declaration of the certain purpose of God, and the promises of an unconditional covenant is distinguished from a conditional covenant by the fact that its ultimate fulfillment is promised by God and depends upon God's power and sovereignty.
There are eight biblical covenants given in the Bible. They are: Edenic (Genesis. 2:16); Adamic (Genesis. 3:15; Noahic (Genesis 9:16); Abrahamic (Genesu 12:2); Mosaic (Exodus 19:5); Palestinian (Deuteronomy.30:3); Davidic (2 Samuel. 7:16); and New Covenant (Jeremiah 31:31-34). Six are unconditional and two are conditional. In our study we will determine which are conditional and which are unconditional.
Although covenants in the Ancient Near East could have parity between parties (such as agreements between Hittites and Egyptians), covenants in the Torah were generally one-sided. However, covenants can either be conditional or unconditional in the Torah. Some appear to have the form of a Suzerainty treaty where there are clear stipulation to be upheld by both parties involved, but other covenants do not have stipulations and represent a divine charter or gift. As an example see the Abrahamic Covenant below that can involve both conditional and unconditional covenants.
The Edenic Covenant
The Edenic Covenant, a test of obedience, was the first covenant that God made with man. It is the first of the general or universal covenants
Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth." So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. And God blessed them. And God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over every living thing that moves on the earth." And God said, "Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit. You shall have them for food. And to every beast of the earth and to every bird of the heavens and to everything that creeps on the earth, everything that has the breath of life, I have given every green plant for food." And it was so. And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.
(Genesis 1:26-31 ESV)
The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it. And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, "You may surely eat of every tree of the garden, but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die."
(Genesis 2:15-17 ESV)
The Adamic Covenant
The Adamic Covenant was made with man after the fall. This is the covenant in which God declares to man what his lot in life will be because of his sin. There is no appeal allowed, nor is any human responsibility involved.
The LORD God said to the serpent, "Because you have done this, cursed are you above all livestock and above all beasts of the field; on your belly you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life. I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel." To the woman he said, "I will surely multiply your pain in childbearing; in pain you shall bring forth children. Your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you." And to Adam he said, "Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and have eaten of the tree of which I commanded you, 'You shall not eat of it,' cursed is the ground because of you; in pain you shall eat of it all the days of your life; thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you; and you shall eat the plants of the field. By the sweat of your face you shall eat bread, till you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; for you are dust, and to dust you shall return."
(Genesis 3:14-19 ESV)
Throughout history, we are told that the serpent beguiled Eve and deceived her into eating the forbidden fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Paul the Apostle said, "Let a woman learn quietly with all submissiveness. I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man; rather, she is to remain quiet. For Adam was formed first, then Eve; and Adam was not deceived, but the woman was deceived and became a transgressor" (1 Timothy 2:11-14 ESV). Clearly Eve was deceived and Adam choose to participate in her transgression because of his love for her. The serpent never deceived Adam.
The serpent which was used of Satan was cursed for his actions. The Genesis natative says, The LORD God said to the serpent, "Because you have done this, cursed are you above all livestock and above all beasts of the field; on your belly you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life" (Genesis 3:15).
Although the disobedience had brought a curse upon themselves and all future generation, God promised them a redeemer. "I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel" (Genesis 3:15 ESV). This is both the first prophecy in Scripture and it refers to the Virgin Birth of the coming Messiah (women have no seed).
Due to sin, mankind will henceforth earn his bread by the sweat of his brow. "And to Adam he said, "Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and have eaten of the tree of which I commanded you, 'You shall not eat of it,' cursed is the ground because of you; in pain you shall eat of it all the days of your life; thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you; and you shall eat the plants of the field. By the sweat of your face you shall eat bread, till you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; for you are dust, and to dust you shall return" (Genesis 3:17-19 ESV).
Furthmore, mankind's life will be one of sorrow and ultimate death. "By the sweat of your face you shall eat bread, till you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; for you are dust, and to dust you shall return" (Genesis 3:19 ESV). Paul the Apostle said, "But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ–by grace you have been saved– and raised us up with him and seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, so that in the coming ages he might show the immeasurable riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus.
(Ephesians 2:4-7 ESV)
The Noahic Covenant
The Noahic Covenant the promise that God made to Noah and his descendants after the flood which destroyed the world. The Noahic Covenant has several distinguishing features. First, it is an unconditional covenant. Second, it was made to Noah and all his descendents as well as "every living creature" and the earth in general Third, it was sealed with a sign, the rainbow.
And when the LORD smelled the pleasing aroma, the LORD said in his heart, "I will never again curse the ground because of man, for the intention of man's heart is evil from his youth. Neither will I ever again strike down every living creature as I have done. While the earth remains, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, day and night, shall not cease."
(Genesis 8:21-22 ESV)
And you, be fruitful and multiply, teem on the earth and multiply in it." Then God said to Noah and to his sons with him, "Behold, I establish my covenant with you and your offspring after you, and with every living creature that is with you, the birds, the livestock, and every beast of the earth with you, as many as came out of the ark; it is for every beast of the earth. I establish my covenant with you, that never again shall all flesh be cut off by the waters of the flood, and never again shall there be a flood to destroy the earth." And God said, "This is the sign of the covenant that I make between me and you and every living creature that is with you, for all future generations: I have set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and the earth. When I bring clouds over the earth and the bow is seen in the clouds, I will remember my covenant that is between me and you and every living creature of all flesh. And the waters shall never again become a flood to destroy all flesh. When the bow is in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is on the earth." God said to Noah, "This is the sign of the covenant that I have established between me and all flesh that is on the earth." The sons of Noah who went forth from the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. (Ham was the father of Canaan.)
(Genesis 9:7-18 ESV)
This covenant, while repeating some of the features of the Adamic covenant, introduced a new principle of human government as a means to curb sin. It revealed God's purpose for the race subsequent to Noah.
The normal order of nature was reaffirmed. "While the earth remains, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, day and night, shall not cease" (Genesis 8:22 ESV) and "The fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth and upon every bird of the heavens, upon everything that creeps on the ground and all the fish of the sea. Into your hand they are delivered" (Genesis 9:2 ESV).
Mankind (and animals) were no longer vegetarian. God gave us permission to eat their flesh. "Every moving thing that lives shall be food for you. And as I gave you the green plants, I give you everything. But you shall not eat flesh with its life, that is, its blood" (Genesis 9:3-4 ESV).
God told Noah that mankind would have dominion over manking (human govenment). "And for your lifeblood I will require a reckoning: from every beast I will require it and from man. From his fellow man I will require a reckoning for the life of man. "Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in his own image." (Genesis 9:5-6 ESV) and "Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. Therefore whoever resists the authorities resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment. For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Would you have no fear of the one who is in authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive his approval, for he is God's servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is the servant of God, an avenger who carries out God's wrath on the wrongdoer. Therefore one must be in subjection, not only to avoid God's wrath but also for the sake of conscience. For because of this you also pay taxes, for the authorities are ministers of God, attending to this very thing. Pay to all what is owed to them: taxes to whom taxes are owed, revenue to whom revenue is owed, respect to whom respect is owed, honor to whom honor is owed." (Romans 13:1-7 ESV)
The Abrahamic Covenant
The Abrahamic Covenant is one of the great revelations of God concerning future history, and in it, profound promises were given. It is the first theocratic covenant (pertaining to the rule of God).
God told Abram to do three things: 1) To get out of his city and country; 2) To separate himself from his family; and 3) To go to a land that He would show him. There were four promises that God made to Abram: 1) He would become the father of a great nation; 2) He would be blessed and his name would be great; 3) God would bless those who blessed him and curse those who cursed him; and 4) All the families of the earth would be blessed in him.
The Mosaic Covenant
The Mosaic Covenant was given through Moses for the children of Israel. It was a conditional covenant and embodied the principle that if Israel was obedient, God would bless them, but if Israel were disobedient, God would course and discipline them. The Mosaic covenant was also temporary and would terminate at the cross of Christ. It is the second theocratic covenant.
Now therefore, if you will indeed obey my voice and keep my covenant, you shall be my treasured possession among all peoples, for all the earth is mine; and you shall be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. These are the words that you shall speak to the people of Israel." So Moses came and called the elders of the people and set before them all these words that the LORD had commanded him. All the people answered together and said, "All that the LORD has spoken we will do." And Moses reported the words of the people to the LORD.
(Exodus 19:5-8 ESV)
And God spoke all these words, saying, "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. "You shall have no other gods before me. "You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments. "You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain, for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain. "Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your male servant, or your female servant, or your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates. For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you. "You shall not murder. "You shall not commit adultery. "You shall not steal. "You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. "You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's."
(Exodus 20:1-17 ESV)
The Palestinian Covenant
The Palestinian Covenant was both a conditional and an unconditional covenant regarding Israel's final possession of the land. Ownership of the land is unconditional. It is the third theocratic covenant.
GotQuestions: What is the Palestinian Covenant?
This covenant came after the Mosaic Covenant and after Israel had wandered in the wilderness for forty years until the generation that had refused to enter the Promised Land had passed away. God made this covenant with Israel while they were in Moab waiting to go into the Promised Land, and the covenant would serve this new generation of Israelites as a reminder of their special covenant relationship with God.
"And if you faithfully obey the voice of the LORD your God, being careful to do all his commandments that I command you today, the LORD your God will set you high above all the nations of the earth. And all these blessings shall come upon you and overtake you, if you obey the voice of the LORD your God. Blessed shall you be in the city, and blessed shall you be in the field. Blessed shall be the fruit of your womb and the fruit of your ground and the fruit of your cattle, the increase of your herds and the young of your flock. Blessed shall be your basket and your kneading bowl. Blessed shall you be when you come in, and blessed shall you be when you go out. "The LORD will cause your enemies who rise against you to be defeated before you. They shall come out against you one way and flee before you seven ways. The LORD will command the blessing on you in your barns and in all that you undertake. And he will bless you in the land that the LORD your God is giving you. The LORD will establish you as a people holy to himself, as he has sworn to you, if you keep the commandments of the LORD your God and walk in his ways. And all the peoples of the earth shall see that you are called by the name of the LORD, and they shall be afraid of you. And the LORD will make you abound in prosperity, in the fruit of your womb and in the fruit of your livestock and in the fruit of your ground, within the land that the LORD swore to your fathers to give you. The LORD will open to you his good treasury, the heavens, to give the rain to your land in its season and to bless all the work of your hands. And you shall lend to many nations, but you shall not borrow. And the LORD will make you the head and not the tail, and you shall only go up and not down, if you obey the commandments of the LORD your God, which I command you today, being careful to do them, and if you do not turn aside from any of the words that I command you today, to the right hand or to the left, to go after other gods to serve them. "But if you will not obey the voice of the LORD your God or be careful to do all his commandments and his statutes that I command you today, then all these curses shall come upon you and overtake you. Cursed shall you be in the city, and cursed shall you be in the field. Cursed shall be your basket and your kneading bowl. Cursed shall be the fruit of your womb and the fruit of your ground, the increase of your herds and the young of your flock. Cursed shall you be when you come in, and cursed shall you be when you go out. "The LORD will send on you curses, confusion, and frustration in all that you undertake to do, until you are destroyed and perish quickly on account of the evil of your deeds, because you have forsaken me. The LORD will make the pestilence stick to you until he has consumed you off the land that you are entering to take possession of it. The LORD will strike you with wasting disease and with fever, inflammation and fiery heat, and with drought and with blight and with mildew. They shall pursue you until you perish. And the heavens over your head shall be bronze, and the earth under you shall be iron. The LORD will make the rain of your land powder. From heaven dust shall come down on you until you are destroyed. "The LORD will cause you to be defeated before your enemies. You shall go out one way against them and flee seven ways before them. And you shall be a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth. And your dead body shall be food for all birds of the air and for the beasts of the earth, and there shall be no one to frighten them away. The LORD will strike you with the boils of Egypt, and with tumors and scabs and itch, of which you cannot be healed. The LORD will strike you with madness and blindness and confusion of mind, and you shall grope at noonday, as the blind grope in darkness, and you shall not prosper in your ways. And you shall be only oppressed and robbed continually, and there shall be no one to help you. You shall betroth a wife, but another man shall ravish her. You shall build a house, but you shall not dwell in it. You shall plant a vineyard, but you shall not enjoy its fruit. Your ox shall be slaughtered before your eyes, but you shall not eat any of it. Your donkey shall be seized before your face, but shall not be restored to you. Your sheep shall be given to your enemies, but there shall be no one to help you. Your sons and your daughters shall be given to another people, while your eyes look on and fail with longing for them all day long, but you shall be helpless. A nation that you have not known shall eat up the fruit of your ground and of all your labors, and you shall be only oppressed and crushed continually, so that you are driven mad by the sights that your eyes see. The LORD will strike you on the knees and on the legs with grievous boils of which you cannot be healed, from the sole of your foot to the crown of your head. "The LORD will bring you and your king whom you set over you to a nation that neither you nor your fathers have known. And there you shall serve other gods of wood and stone. And you shall become a horror, a proverb, and a byword among all the peoples where the LORD will lead you away. You shall carry much seed into the field and shall gather in little, for the locust shall consume it. You shall plant vineyards and dress them, but you shall neither drink of the wine nor gather the grapes, for the worm shall eat them. You shall have olive trees throughout all your territory, but you shall not anoint yourself with the oil, for your olives shall drop off. You shall father sons and daughters, but they shall not be yours, for they shall go into captivity. The cricket shall possess all your trees and the fruit of your ground. The sojourner who is among you shall rise higher and higher above you, and you shall come down lower and lower. He shall lend to you, and you shall not lend to him. He shall be the head, and you shall be the tail. "All these curses shall come upon you and pursue you and overtake you till you are destroyed, because you did not obey the voice of the LORD your God, to keep his commandments and his statutes that he commanded you. They shall be a sign and a wonder against you and your offspring forever. Because you did not serve the LORD your God with joyfulness and gladness of heart, because of the abundance of all things, therefore you shall serve your enemies whom the LORD will send against you, in hunger and thirst, in nakedness, and lacking everything. And he will put a yoke of iron on your neck until he has destroyed you. The LORD will bring a nation against you from far away, from the end of the earth, swooping down like the eagle, a nation whose language you do not understand, a hard-faced nation who shall not respect the old or show mercy to the young. It shall eat the offspring of your cattle and the fruit of your ground, until you are destroyed; it also shall not leave you grain, wine, or oil, the increase of your herds or the young of your flock, until they have caused you to perish. "They shall besiege you in all your towns, until your high and fortified walls, in which you trusted, come down throughout all your land. And they shall besiege you in all your towns throughout all your land, which the LORD your God has given you. And you shall eat the fruit of your womb, the flesh of your sons and daughters, whom the LORD your God has given you, in the siege and in the distress with which your enemies shall distress you. The man who is the most tender and refined among you will begrudge food to his brother, to the wife he embraces, and to the last of the children whom he has left, so that he will not give to any of them any of the flesh of his children whom he is eating, because he has nothing else left, in the siege and in the distress with which your enemy shall distress you in all your towns. The most tender and refined woman among you, who would not venture to set the sole of her foot on the ground because she is so delicate and tender, will begrudge to the husband she embraces, to her son and to her daughter, her afterbirth that comes out from between her feet and her children whom she bears, because lacking everything she will eat them secretly, in the siege and in the distress with which your enemy shall distress you in your towns. "If you are not careful to do all the words of this law that are written in this book, that you may fear this glorious and awesome name, the LORD your God, then the LORD will bring on you and your offspring extraordinary afflictions, afflictions severe and lasting, and sicknesses grievous and lasting. And he will bring upon you again all the diseases of Egypt, of which you were afraid, and they shall cling to you. Every sickness also and every affliction that is not recorded in the book of this law, the LORD will bring upon you, until you are destroyed. Whereas you were as numerous as the stars of heaven, you shall be left few in number, because you did not obey the voice of the LORD your God. And as the LORD took delight in doing you good and multiplying you, so the LORD will take delight in bringing ruin upon you and destroying you. And you shall be plucked off the land that you are entering to take possession of it. "And the LORD will scatter you among all peoples, from one end of the earth to the other, and there you shall serve other gods of wood and stone, which neither you nor your fathers have known. And among these nations you shall find no respite, and there shall be no resting place for the sole of your foot, but the LORD will give you there a trembling heart and failing eyes and a languishing soul. Your life shall hang in doubt before you. Night and day you shall be in dread and have no assurance of your life. In the morning you shall say, 'If only it were evening!' and at evening you shall say, 'If only it were morning!' because of the dread that your heart shall feel, and the sights that your eyes shall see. And the LORD will bring you back in ships to Egypt, a journey that I promised that you should never make again; and there you shall offer yourselves for sale to your enemies as male and female slaves, but there will be no buyer."
(Deuteronomy 28:1-68 ESV)
The Davidic Covenant
The Davidic covenant was an unconditional covenant in which God promised David an unending royal lineage, a throne, and a Kingdom, all of them forever. It is the fourth theocratic covenant.
"When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son. When he commits iniquity, I will discipline him with the rod of men, with the stripes of the sons of men, but my steadfast love will not depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away from before you. And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me. Your throne shall be established forever.'"
(2 Samuel 7:12-16 ESV)
Now when David lived in his house, David said to Nathan the prophet, "Behold, I dwell in a house of cedar, but the ark of the covenant of the LORD is under a tent." And Nathan said to David, "Do all that is in your heart, for God is with you." But that same night the word of the LORD came to Nathan, "Go and tell my servant David, 'Thus says the LORD: It is not you who will build me a house to dwell in. For I have not lived in a house since the day I brought up Israel to this day, but I have gone from tent to tent and from dwelling to dwelling. In all places where I have moved with all Israel, did I speak a word with any of the judges of Israel, whom I commanded to shepherd my people, saying, "Why have you not built me a house of cedar?"' Now, therefore, thus shall you say to my servant David, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts, I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep, to be prince over my people Israel, and I have been with you wherever you have gone and have cut off all your enemies from before you. And I will make for you a name, like the name of the great ones of the earth. And I will appoint a place for my people Israel and will plant them, that they may dwell in their own place and be disturbed no more. And violent men shall waste them no more, as formerly, from the time that I appointed judges over my people Israel. And I will subdue all your enemies. Moreover, I declare to you that the LORD will build you a house. When your days are fulfilled to walk with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, one of your own sons, and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build a house for me, and I will establish his throne forever. I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son. I will not take my steadfast love from him, as I took it from him who was before you, but I will confirm him in my house and in my kingdom forever, and his throne shall be established forever.'" In accordance with all these words, and in accordance with all this vision, Nathan spoke to David.
(1 Chronicles 17:1-15 ESV)
The New Covenant
The New Covenant prophesied in the Old Testament was partially fulfilled in the Church (a mystery – Acts 15:6-16, Ephesians 3:1-7), but will have a final fulfillment in the millennial kingdom. This is an unconditional covenant and is the fifth theocratic convent.
The apostles and the elders were gathered together to consider this matter. And after there had been much debate, Peter stood up and said to them, "Brothers, you know that in the early days God made a choice among you, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel and believe. And God, who knows the heart, bore witness to them, by giving them the Holy Spirit just as he did to us, and he made no distinction between us and them, having cleansed their hearts by faith. Now, therefore, why are you putting God to the test by placing a yoke on the neck of the disciples that neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear? But we believe that we will be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they will." And all the assembly fell silent, and they listened to Barnabas and Paul as they related what signs and wonders God had done through them among the Gentiles. After they finished speaking, James replied, "Brothers, listen to me. Simeon has related how God first visited the Gentiles, to take from them a people for his name. And with this the words of the prophets agree, just as it is written, "'After this I will return, and I will rebuild the tent of David that has fallen; I will rebuild its ruins, and I will restore it."
(Acts 15:6-16 ESV)
For this reason I, Paul, a prisoner for Christ Jesus on behalf of you Gentiles– assuming that you have heard of the stewardship of God's grace that was given to me for you, how the mystery was made known to me by revelation, as I have written briefly. When you read this, you can perceive my insight into the mystery of Christ, which was not made known to the sons of men in other generations as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit. This mystery is that the Gentiles are fellow heirs, members of the same body, and partakers of the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel. Of this gospel I was made a minister according to the gift of God's grace, which was given me by the working of his power.
(Ephesians 3:1-7 ESV)
The new covenant guarantees all that God proposes to do for men will be on the grounds of the shed blood of His Son. will save, preserve, and present in heaven, conformed to His Son, all who have believed and received Christ and the future salvation of Israel is promised under the unconditional new covenant.
I wish you would bear with me in a little foolishness. Do bear with me! For I feel a divine jealousy for you, since I betrothed you to one husband, to present you as a pure virgin to Christ. But I am afraid that as the serpent deceived Eve by his cunning, your thoughts will be led astray from a sincere and pure devotion to Christ.
(2 Corinthians 11:1-3 ESV)
Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us–for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree"– so that in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles, so that we might receive the promised Spirit through faith. To give a human example, brothers: even with a man-made covenant, no one annuls it or adds to it once it has been ratified. Now the promises were made to Abraham and to his offspring. It does not say, "And to offsprings," referring to many, but referring to one, "And to your offspring," who is Christ. This is what I mean: the law, which came 430 years afterward, does not annul a covenant previously ratified by God, so as to make the promise void. For if the inheritance comes by the law, it no longer comes by promise; but God gave it to Abraham by a promise. Why then the law? It was added because of transgressions, until the offspring should come to whom the promise had been made, and it was put in place through angels by an intermediary. Now an intermediary implies more than one, but God is one. Is the law then contrary to the promises of God? Certainly not! For if a law had been given that could give life, then righteousness would indeed be by the law. But the Scripture imprisoned everything under sin, so that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. Now before faith came, we were held captive under the law, imprisoned until the coming faith would be revealed. So then, the law was our guardian until Christ came, in order that we might be justified by faith. But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian, for in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God, through faith. For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is no male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's offspring, heirs according to promise.
(Galatians 3:13-29 ESV)
And I am sure of this, that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the day of Jesus Christ.
(Philippians 1:6 ESV)
And in this way all Israel will be saved, as it is written, "The Deliverer will come from Zion, he will banish ungodliness from Jacob"; "and this will be my covenant with them when I take away their sins."
(Romans 11:26-27 ESV)
I will make you pass under the rod, and I will bring you into the bond of the covenant.
(Ezekiel 20:37 ESV)
In the whole land, declares the LORD, two thirds shall be cut off and perish, and one third shall be left alive. And I will put this third into the fire, and refine them as one refines silver, and test them as gold is tested. They will call upon my name, and I will answer them. I will say, 'They are my people'; and they will say, 'The LORD is my God.'"
(Zechariah 13:8-9 ESV)
"And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and pleas for mercy, so that, when they look on me, on him whom they have pierced, they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for an only child, and weep bitterly over him, as one weeps over a firstborn."
(Zechariah 12:10 ESV)


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Northern Michigan University's Upward Bound Math-Science program is an intensive, six-week academic experience that exposes students to a variety of career fields, improves their problem-solving skills and enriches their appreciation for science and mathematics. Students will experience adventure and develop lasting new friendships. More information.
Students interested in participating in programs offered by Upward Bound Math-Science during the academic year should click the links below to learn more about eligibility requirements and the application process. Applications submitted after September 30th will be considered as space permits. Eligibility requirements.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tissot T-Race Nicky Hayden Limited Edition 2012
Quartz preowned
Tissot, "In touch with your time" is far more than an advertising claim. This phrase expresses the brand's DNA; its proven dedication to being perfectly in tune with the technology and tastes of each era. Tissot has been growing and developing its tradition of innovation since 1853. From the early days to the present, in its home in Le Locle in the Swiss Jura mountains, Tissot has translated craftsmanship and precision into stylish timepieces now sold in more than 160 countries around the world. Special materials, advanced functionality and meticulous design detail join forces to create the luxury of accessibility. Tissot is a member of the Swatch Group, the world's largest watch producer and distributor of Swiss Watches, as well as official timekeeper and partner of MotoGP, FIM Superbike, FIBA, AFL, CBA and the World Championships of cycling, fencing and ice hockey. With the latest innovations in its communication and product, Tissot presents impressive proof of its signature, "Innovators by Tradition".


text:
Our catalogue features our full range of adjustable electric beds and lift and tilt chairs. We will also contact you from time to time with relevant new products and offers.
Full Name
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All our beds come with a mechanism that enables the following range of movement.
Now you just need to select your
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JO3SHMO - Wednesday 26/09/2012, 09:14
Imperator - Wise Men Distracted
1st sclau89 from guild Knights Ressurection with 577 battle points won 2 810 Clintz + 1 Credit.
2nd JO3SHMO from guild aussie crusaders with 577 battle points won 1 810 Clintz + 1 Credit.
3rd Lady Demeter from guild Seblac with 577 battle points won 1 810 Clintz + 1 Credit.
I'm very curious, how does the tourney system distinguish between ties? How do they decide who goes on top?
I was actually the first one to get to 577. 2 or so minutes later the score refreshed and another 2 people joined me (lol!)
I'll be the first to admit that 577 is the worst winning tourney score ever, with the new system anyway.
Another question: Is it correct etiquette to tally a tie for first as a DT win when you even though you weren't on top of the tie-pile?
Well done to the other two... we all won in my book, not just the lucky sclau89.
wasteroftime - Wednesday 26/09/2012, 09:34
Titan - Open Casket
Ties are broken in DT by awarding the higher position to the person who got there later.
i wouldnt consider it a win, but would consider the deck as a potential DT winning deck. you win some you lose some.... luck factor in the last few minutes often determines the DT winner
JO3SHMO - Wednesday 26/09/2012, 10:40
Imperator - Wise Men Distracted
@ Gabriel
Thanks for that. Lol.
@ wasteroftime
About 2 minutes after the tourney time ended, the score refreshed. I was alone on 577, and the next closest was something like 559. A couple minutes later the score refreshed again, and it showed the 3 way tie. Only one person was above me, and one person was below me.
If ties are broken by awarding the person who got there later, I should have been 3rd. I don't understand. If anyone were to actually know how it worked it would be someone like you, but the "latest wins" logic didn't apply from what I saw.
Thanks for the replies.
Blue_Muffin - Wednesday 26/09/2012, 18:57
Perhaps it checks when battles started? Say, Lady Demeter had started her last match before you had started your last, but she took all 4 rounds to finish with a slower opponent. Thus giving you time to start your match and finish it before she finished hers. Therefore, going by just starting times, she would have scored before you when really you did before her.


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NORCROSS, Ga., March 16, 2011 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Intelligent Systems Corporation (NYSE Amex:INS) intends to hold an investor conference call on Tuesday, March 22 at 11 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time in conjunction with the Company's 2010 earnings release. The Company plans to issue a press release with the financial results of the three and twelve month periods ended December 31, 2010 before the market opens on March 22, 2011.
Interested investors are invited to attend the conference call by dialing (877) 253-0369 and entering conference ID code 52498521. A transcript of the call will be posted on the Company's website at www.intelsys.com as soon as available after the call.
In view of the unusual market activity on March 14 and 15 in the common stock of Intelligent Systems (NYSE Amex:INS), the NYSE has contacted the Company in accordance with its usual practice. Intelligent Systems confirms that it is the company policy not to comment on unusual market activity.
About Intelligent Systems Corporation:
For over thirty years, Intelligent Systems Corporation has identified, created, operated and grown early stage technology companies. The Company has operations and investments in the information technology and industrial products industries. The Company's principal majority-owned subsidiaries are CoreCard Software, Inc. ( www.corecard.com ), a provider of software and services for prepaid and credit card processing, and ChemFree Corporation ( www.chemfree.com ), a leader in bioremediating parts washer equipment and supplies. Further information is available on the Company's website at www.intelsys.com or by calling the Company at 770-381-2900.
Forward-looking Statements:
In addition to historical information, this news release may contain forward-looking statements relating to Intelligent Systems Corporation and its subsidiary and affiliated companies. These statements include all statements that are not statements of historical fact regarding the intent, belief or expectations of Intelligent Systems Corporation and its management with respect to, among other things, results of operations, product plans, and financial condition. The words "may," "will," "anticipate," "believe," "intend," "expect," "estimate," "plan," "strategy" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Prospective investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties and that actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based upon information available to Intelligent Systems Corporation on the date this release was submitted. The Company does not undertake to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new developments or otherwise, except as required by law. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements are instability in the financial markets, delays in product development, undetected software errors, competitive pressures, changes in customers' requirements or financial condition, market acceptance of products and services, changes in the performance, financial condition or valuation of affiliate companies, the risks associated with investments in privately-held early stage companies and further declines in general economic and financial market conditions, particularly those that cause businesses to delay or cancel purchase decisions.
CONTACT: Intelligent Systems Corporation Bonnie L. Herron, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 770-564-5504 firstname.lastname@example.com
© Copyright 2012, GlobeNewswire, Inc. All Rights Reserved


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Minorca mĭnôr´kə [key], Span. Menorca, Spanish island (1991 pop. 65,109), 271 sq mi (702 km), Baleares prov., in the W Mediterranean Sea, the second largest of the Balearic Islands . Port Mahón is the chief city and port. The terrain is mostly low but has a hilly center. Cereals, wine, olive oil, and flax are the chief products. Much of the agriculture is irrigated. Lobster fishing, the export of livestock, and local light industries add to the economy. Tourism is also important. A great number of megalithic monuments exist on the island. Minorca shared the history of the other Balearic Islands until 1708, when it was occupied by the English during the War of the Spanish Succession. England retained it until the Seven Years War, when it was seized by the French. The Treaty of Paris (1763) restored Minorca to Britain, but the French and Spanish again seized it (1782) in the American Revolution. In 1798, in the French Revolutionary Wars, England regained control; the Peace of Amiens (1802) awarded Minorca to Spain. The island still has a somewhat British flavor.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Spanish and Portuguese Political Geography


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QUESTION OF THE WEEK- Where do you work out?
Pat Costello: "ACAC. I think when we first moved here they were the most successful, they had done the most marketing I guess, we recognized the name, and we had some child care, so it kind of worked well hand in hand with that."
Kaitlyn Smeland: "I actually work out at home right now. Because I'm not a big fan of the Gold's Gym here, and I just moved, I just got married, so I'm going to start going to UVA eventually with my husband, but for right now it's just at home."
James Wall: "ACAC. Because they have really good facilities. I use the machines."
2 comments
Today's news sponsored by ACAC Fitness and Wellness. We Change Lives.
great questions, but can we ask about something time sensitive, without answers 'sponsored by ACAC.' I and many others are thinking of a potentially poorly understood food safety acts moving through judicial process right now. these will affect access to healthy local and affordable food for our friends and family. lets ask what people think of these?
thank you,


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Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Blendover Episode Ninety Five:
Blendover is looking for a new permanent co-host – let us know if you're interested!
Jennifer Wieda guests, where Fred Phelps has been excommunicated from the WBC, and explore some possible theories. Protests continue in Turkey, the unrest ignored by the mainstream. Later, we debunk the news of Eric Carr's family suing KISS & look at Disney's Maleficent, with Angelina Jolie.
Topics Discussed:
- Shout-Outs
- Courtney Love
- Fred Phelps and the Westboro Baptist Church
- Turkey Protests
- The Stooges
- Maleficent
BlendoveR is a fun, hard-hitting podcast where rules are regularly thrown out the window in favor of honest, open commentating opinions. Presented by Greg Davies (cGt2099 from The-TrukstoP.com), and Terr Ciavarra (Media Nox from medianox.bandcamp.com), we stray on to any topic that presents itself or wanders off onto its own tangent.
Courtney Love and Flight 370
Courtney Love thinks she's found Malaysian plane
Fred Phelps and the Westboro Baptist Church
Fred Phelps, Sr., pastor of the "God Hates Fags" Westboro Baptist Church, was ex-communicated from the "church" back in August of 2013
Miss.-born Westboro Baptist pastor dying, son says
Reddit Theory: Fred Phelps is a gay-rights activist
Westboro Baptist Founder Is 'On The Edge Of Death,' Son Says
Turkey Protests
In Turkey, Renewed Anti-Government Protests
Selfies from the fray: photo from police van in Turkey goes viral
Turkish Leader Deplores Unrest, Calling Demonstrators 'Fakers'
Wikipedia: 2013/2014 Protests in Turkey – After Gezi Park
The Stooges
The Stooges Drummer Scott Asheton Dead At 64
Eric Carr's family denies involvement in KISS lawsuit
Eric Carr's family thank KISS for support over bogus lawsuit reports/a>
KISS lawsuit filed without Carr family support/a>
KISS Won't Perform At Their Rock and Roll Hall Of Fame Induction/a>
Late KISS drummer's heirs say band stiffed them
Disney's Maleficent: "Maleficent's Wings" Clip and Poster
Disney's Maleficent Dream Trailer That Aired During The Grammys
Watch The Teaser Trailer For Disney's Maleficent
Music Featured:
- "Search and Destroy" and "Gimme Danger" by The Stooges from the album Raw Power
- "I Wanna Be Your Dog" by The Stooges from the album The Stooges


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If nothing else, hoax or no hoax, Franco's recent media moment prompted significant discussion about the meaning of consent. While I think there is general agreement here about what actual verbal consent (and other forms of active consent), there seems to be more disagreement about what age can you consent to sexual acts. This is important because if Franco was seeking consent from someone too young to consent, that request would be meaningless on its face and predatory regardless of how the other person saw it. Don't agree?
I've had many a 11, 12 and 13 year old girl tell me earnestly how their adult "boyfriend" really loves them and their sexual relationship should be legal and permissible. Even if they agree to the relationship, I think most people here—I hope, would agree that a relationship with a post-pubescent 11 or 12 year old would be abhorrent. Right? Then you agree with the general premise that there is an age where consent and individual cognitive and emotional development is less of a factor and we are looking at general norms.
So, let's think about then how we establish issues of age of consent. I have some ideas. Maybe you do too. And this doesn't even get to the moral dimensions. That's another level of subjectivity that I'm not getting into here.
We have to have some age of consent guidelines—-without them, we'd need some normed way to establish competence in each individual case. With Franco, the question has been raised about individual judgment and competence. That is almost an impossible standard to achieve in a broad social sense because you'd talk about legal competence which is established through a series of psychological tests and interviews to establish a base level of understanding about consequences. Legal competence varies from day to day.
Neurocognitive Development should be our standard: This is the standard that probably would be the most beneficial, especially placed within a sociocultural context. When we consider neurodevelopment, the most important thing to consider is the ability to make decisions under highly emotional circumstances, which develops throughout adolescence. Evidence is pretty clear that even in late adolescence, people do not have the same ability to weigh risk and rewards as adults, which leads to differential assessment of risk in activities such as sexual behavior.
People generally engage in increased risk taking behavior as they go through adolescence, because of greater amounts of freedom in late adolescence and in their early 20s (emerging adulthood) and then the risk taking behavior precipitously declines in the mid to late 20s as people have fully matured. So what does this mean in terms of consent? Age of consent as it is currently conceptualized in the US is more aligned with our understanding of adolescent neurocognitive development than it used to be, now that it is 16 to 18, but still does not entirely capture issues in development in late adolescence.
But you want to consider real power differentials, there should be some consideration that before age 25, people who engage in sexual relationships with someone significantly older are in sexual relationships with someone usually in a different phase of cognitive development, especially around issues of decision making. This is important because part of understanding whether something is sexually abusive among children and adolescents is whether one of the people are in a different developmental phase than the other—whether there is a power difference and therefore the potential to exploit the other. That's part of the reason that Romeo and Juliet Laws exist to recognize that sexual relationships between people in the same developmental phase is different than people from two different stages. Extend that outwards, there is always potential for exploitation because of differences in neurodevelopment that is well established at earlier phases before the achievement of cognitive maturity. And that shouldn't be automatically ignored because we have this legal definition of adulthood.
So what you have is Franco soliciting someone at a different neurocognitive phase of development with a differential ability to weigh risks and rewards, even if you ignore all the other power differences. And that's why I think Franco is creepy and exploitative because it's not a level playing field, regardless of how nice he may have been.
Oh and ETA: Even if this is a hoax, this is furthering the fetishization of teenage girls by sensitive adult men. It's far worse than Manic Pixie Dream Girl. That's akin to promoting Manic Pixie Rape Culture.
You may disagree. Please put your comments below.


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Today's lotto game results for 6/45 and 6/55 (July 20, 2016 PCSO Mega Lotto and Grand Lotto winning numbers) shall be posted at 9pm:
6/45 Mega Lotto:
- Date of Draw: 7/20/2016
- Winning Numbers:
- 6/45 Jackpot Prize:
- Today's Winner(s): 0
Php 17,865,684.00
6/55 Grand Lotto:
- Date of Draw: 7/20/2016
- Winning Numbers:
- 6/55 Jackpot Prize:
- Today's Winner(s): 0
Php 235,685,292.00
NEXT: Wednesday EZ2, SWERTRES & 4-DIGIT draw results as aired by PCSO.
Prizes for Today's Lotto Results (July 20, 2016)
PCSO's Wednesday latest jackpot prizes for the 6/55 and 6/45 lotto results today together with the number of winners for each lotto game are listed above. Our PCSO Prize Payout list contains the latest minor prizes.
Winning numbers need not to be in exact order as above.
Looking for Other PCSO lotto results? Keep in mind that there are no 6/42, 6/49 and 6/58 draws today (Wednesday, 20-july-2016). Go to our PCSO Draw Schedule for next draw for these games.


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| 10.6°C Belfast
Saracens coach Mark McCall was mightily relieved after his side reached their second straight Heineken Cup semi-final with a 17-15 win at Ravenhill, and acknowledged that the first-half dismissal of Ulster full-back Jared Payne was a game-changer.
The hosts were forced to play most of the game without Payne, who was controversially sent off in the fourth minute after a shuddering tangle with Alex Goode which forced the Saracens full-back off the field.
Despite being down a man, Ulster refused to buckle and led 9-5 at the end of the first half but, after the home side lost key players Rory Best and Ruan Pienaar to injury, Sarries eventually got in front and held firm despite Ulster's storming finish which saw them narrow the visitors' lead to two points.
Tries in either half from Chris Ashton, along with one from second row Mouritz Botha, proved enough for McCall's men, with all of Ulster's points coming from the boots of Pienaar and Paddy Jackson.
"Ulster deserve an enormous amount of credit after losing a man after five minutes and, not only from the effort they put in, but to also be as tactically astute and aware as they were was a great achievement and we're just lucky we got over the line at the end," McCall said after guiding his team to a Twickenham date with Clermont.
"It definitely wasn't intentional (Payne's collision) but it was reckless. You could argue both ways, but it's a big call to make five minutes into the match and it changes the match.
"At times we played some good rugby and at times our physicality was outstanding, but we kept on showing unbelievable indiscipline.
"We gave away too many penalties and we kept them in the game and we kept the crowd in the game, and we were fortunate to get away with the win."
Ulster coach Mark Anscombe felt Payne should have been shown a yellow card, but praised his side for battling through with 14 men and running Saracens - who scored three tries - so close, with an Ulster win a possibility right up until the final play.
"When you lose a pretty important player five minutes into the game, you're always going to have your backs to the wall," Anscombe said.
"It's unfortunate. It was a collision in the air and did it warrant a red card? I think we're pretty hard done by there.
"Sometimes I think with these it's the emotion of the injury (that) creates the penalty, and I think at worst it was a yellow card. To have a red card four minutes into the game meant we were always going to be chasing our tails.
"I've got to take my hat off to the boys to hang in there and, to actually be taking the game to them and trailing 17-15 in the 80th minute, we've got to be really proud of their effort.
"Jared, the whole time, had his eyes on the ball. I mean, how's that a red card? I think that's the emotion of the injury," Anscombe added.
"You saw how difficult it was as, a couple of the tries they scored, we had numbers down. We went to the break at 9-5, which was a pretty good feat, and to keep it so close at the end... but that's the way it goes at times."


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Celebratory accounts of U.S. history have shied from the word "empire", the one exception being the tendency to hold up the years around 1898 as an aberration in the longer sweep of events. More critical accounts, however, have not hesitated to use the term in reference to the United States, and indeed, recent scholarship has emphasized that the 1898 moment fit into a larger continuum, stretching back at least as far as the origins of the republic and extending forward to our own time. With these debates as its backdrop, this workshop will focus on the United States in world context around the turn of the twentieth century. More specifically, seminar participants will explore how the imperial turn in U.S. history writing has affected understandings of the United States at the beginning of its ascent to great power status. Going beyond traditional diplomatic and military history approaches to the Spanish- Cuban-American and Philippine-American Wars (and other U.S. military interventions), participants will consider topics such as "informal empire," racial ideologies, gender politics, and consumer culture. The seminar will end with some reflections on American exceptionalism (or lack thereof), anticolonial nationalism, postcolonial legacies and the connection between this imperial age and the present.
Seminar led by Kristin Hoganson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign


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Half data types are in the core OpenCL 1.0 specification as a "data storage format". However, async_work_group_copy is only extended to work on halfs in the fp16 extensions. Isn't async_work_group_copy just a bit-wise copy? Why does it need special hardware support to work on halfs?
Is it dangerous for me to just cast my half pointers to short pointers so I can use async_work_group_copy?


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The risk of a downturn in the domestic real estate market could dampen higher growth prospects in the furniture and domestic appliances segments in 2017.
- The Swedish retail sector has been growing faster than national GDP over the past couple of years, and is expected to increase 3.5% in 2017, again driven by robust private consumption and population growth.
- The consumer durables retail segment has benefitted from low interest rates, a strong home furnishing trend and increasing real estate prices. However, the risk of a downturn in the real estate market could dampen higher growth prospects in the furniture and domestic appliances segments in 2017.
- Retailers' profits are expected to remain stable or decrease somewhat in 2017. While price wars within the electronics retail sector have subsided, there are signs of increased competition in the sports retail segment. Currently, furniture and fashion/textile retailers also face difficulties due to tough competition. Exchange rate volatility has some effect on consumer durables importers and exporters.
- Payment duration in the Swedish consumer durables retail industry is 45 days on average. Non-payments are not expected to increase in 2017, while retail insolvencies are forecast to decrease after a 4% increase in 2016.
- Newly founded businesses, in particular, face higher risks in the highly competitive market. Online retailers generally enjoy good business prospects, as there are still growth opportunities in segments with low market penetration. Swedes increasingly embrace shopping online, and the online segment is expected to continue to grow in the years ahead. The effect of growing e-commerce and that of stores relocating to large shopping malls and out of towns will continue to shape the Swedish consumer durables retail sector.
- As in 2016, our underwriting stance remains generally open for household appliances, while it remains neutral for furniture and textiles.


text:
- About this brand
- Reviews
- Ingredients
- How to use
- Delivery
Friendly Soap
Friendly Soap use the traditional Cold Process method of natural handmade soap making, which not only generates zero by-product but also allows them to carefully choose every ingredient and make natural handmade soaps that are Earth friendly, Animal friendly and Skin friendly.
Registered with both the Vegan Society and Buav (Cruelty Free). Using as little energy as possible throughout production, pouring, cutting, stamping and packing every bar of natural handmade soap using human power alone.
They carefully choose natural oils such as Coconut, Olive, Shea, Cocoa and Castor for their beneficial properties and they only use essential oils, flowers, spices and herbs to scent, colour and gently ex-foliate as opposed to using harmful preservatives or foaming agents, believing there is simply no need for SLS or Parabens. The incredible silky smooth lather of the natural handmade soap produces and its long life are completely down to the cold process method and our careful choice of ingredients. Friendly Soap make Palm Oil free natural handmade soap. So you know they don't harm the Rainforest or its Orangutans.
Customer Reviews | Write a Review
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Review by eKomi Usercouldn't use anything else on my super sensitive scalp now, the conditioner bars are brilliant(Posted on 02/03/2020)
Review by eKomi UserGreat value box of quality eco friendly scalp gentle soaps. A lot of high street shampoos give me an itchy sore scalp Not these they are brill(Posted on 05/01/2020)
2 Item(s)
UK ECONOMY FREE (3-7 days)
UK PREMIUM £2.95 (1-2 days)
UK PREDICT NEXT DAY £4.95 (FREE ON ORDERS OVER £60). Order by 2pm for next working day delivery, we'll even tell you what time to expect your delivery. Please note: orders received before 2pm will be dispatched the same day for next working day delivery. Orders received after 2pm Friday and anytime on Saturday & Sunday will be dispatched the following Monday. Working days exclude Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays. UK Mainland only, excludes Scottish Highlands.
INTERNATIONAL ORDERS £4.95 - Delivery by Royal Mail 1st Class Airmail. Orders posted to countries outside the EU may be subject to import charges.
INSURANCE - We automatically insure your parcel so you never need to worry about being out of pocket if your parcel gets lost or stolen. Our insurance does not cover parcels delivered to any safe places you may nominate to have your parcel left when you are not home at the time of delivery. It is your responsibilty to make sure the nominated place is safe!
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For more information on delivery please visit the mypure delivery page
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No clear-cut motive was revealed in 6th Judicial District Court during a Wednesday hearing for an Ignacio man accused of murdering his stepfather with a 35-pound propane tank, but a judge said substantial circumstantial evidence exists to link the defendant to the crime.
He allowed prosecutors to proceed with their second-degree murder charge.
Richard Silva, 30, sat expressionless and stared straight ahead during Wednesdays preliminary hearing. Prosecutors had to present enough evidence to satisfy District Judge Jeffrey Wilson that a crime occurred and the defendant is linked to it.
Silva is charged with second-degree murder for the May 8 death of his stepfather, Clayborn Scott, 55, also of Ignacio.
Silva is being held in the La Plata County jail on $100,000 bail.
Two La Plata County Sheriffs Office investigators Tonya Golbricht and Dan Patterson testified Wednesday.
According to them, Silva was supposed to be at home caring for Scott, who suffered a brain injury several years ago in a motorcycle accident and could not be left home alone.
Silvas mother and her daughter made a trip to Durango to retrieve a truck that had run out of gas.
When they returned, they found Silva walking alone on the side of the road near the house.
They asked him why he was not at home caring for Scott, and he mumbled something to them and kept walking, Golbricht said.
They heard him say, I left Clayborn a long time ago, she said.
The mother drove home and found her husband bludgeoned to death on the floor next to his bed. She checked for a pulse and found none. She went into a bathroom shared by the two men and found a 5-gallon propane tank sitting in the shower with water running on top of it.
Wet clothes, presumably belonging to Silva, were found on the bathroom floor.
Police arrested Silva a short distance from the house, about four miles north of Ignacio and three miles east of Oxford.
Silva said he could not remember anything from the last two days and declined to speak with investigators, according to an earlier interview with Patterson.
Silvas mother told investigators there was no tension between Silva and Scott.
Investigators found numerous flecks of white paint on Scotts face and around the headboard where he was bludgeoned, Patterson testified Wednesday. The propane tank also appeared to be shedding white flecks of paint, he said.
The propane tank and the shards of paint have been sent to the Colorado Bureau of Investigation for forensic analysis.
The murder occurred within the exterior boundaries of the Southern Ute Indian Reservation, and Scott was a member of the tribe. But the Sheriffs Office is investigating the case because Silva is not a tribal member.
Silvas public defense lawyer, Justin Bogan, indicated he may challenge whether the Sheriffs Office has jurisdiction rather than the FBI.


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I am a university student in Alberta, Canada and I am doing a research paper on euthanasia from the Jewish perspective. Can you direct me to more information? Thank you.
The amazing strides in medical technology has given humanity the ability to extend or save a life which was impossible just a decade or two ago. This has brought to the forefront some moral and ethical issues concerning the value of life, and when to apply or withhold medical services.
Rabbi Tzvi Meklenberg, 19th century Europe, wrote in his scholarly work "Haktav vi-Hakaballah":
"The seemingly repetitive nature of the verse in Genesis 9:5: 'From the hand of every man; from the hand of every man who is his brother will I demand the life of man,' refers to two types of murder:
1) to the detriment of the victim ("from the hand of every man") – i.e. in order for revenge, or money, etc.
2) for the benefit of the victim ("from the hand of every man who is his brother"), when he is in great pain and would rather die than live.
By referring to the two ways in which one person might take another's life, the Torah does not differentiate based on motive and reasons. Both are equally prohibited."
Jewish law maintains that one has no absolute ownership of one's body. We are given a body for a fixed time. We are obliged to guard it for safe-keeping and to make rational decisions about its care. We have no rights to tamper with life except for the purpose of preventing its destruction or loss.
Life, be it for 120 years, or a split second, is itself of infinite value. It has intrinsic value, mystical, and unfathomable. Therefore the quality of life during any one moment does not alter its infinite value.
Regarding assisted suicide, Jewish law is clear and definite. Under no circumstances may a doctor directly kill, or indirectly provide the means for suicide. Any form of active euthanasia is strictly prohibited and condemned as plain murder. The fact that the patient is in unremitting pain and pleads for assistance in ending his life does not change the law. Murder is one of the three cardinal sins prohibited by the Torah, and anyone who kills a dying person is liable to the death penalty as a common murderer.
Terrible "mistakes" have been made which cost people their lives. A relative of mine was in a very bad auto accident (in which three of the occupants were killed). She was in a coma and the doctors wanted to "pull the plug." The family resisted, and 20 years later this woman is 100 percent alive and healthy.
Even the removal of a pillow when a person is in death throes, thereby hastening death, is forbidden. (Rabbi Moses Isserles, Code of Jewish Law)
Having said this, there are certain conditions where it may be permitted to withhold certain medical treatments that would otherwise prolong life. Though any real-life situation must be discussed with a rabbi, well-versed in practical halacha.
For further study, see: www.aish.com/ci/sam, www.jlaw.com/Articles/suicide.html, and www.jlaw.com/Articles/phys-suicide.html
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Here's a pretty and very old Norman church I saw this morning: This is inside the remains of the Roman town at Silchester, which you may remember I visited last summer. Here, for comparison, is what the ruins look like in the winter. It's still a very pleasant place!
Archives for February, 2011
Cuckoo Hashes in Lisp
I've been learning about cuckoo hashing this evening and to help with that I've written an implementation in Common Lisp that others might find useful: cuckoo.lisp. It provides a package cuckoo which exports make-cuckoo-hash, cuckoo-insert, cuckoo-lookup, and cuckoo-delete which perform the obvious hash-table operations. The key feature of cuckoo hashes, if you haven't come across […]
TrainGame updates
I've been quite silent about TrainGame recently, but it's not dead! I have been working on it a little bit – here's an up-to-date screenshot: The most obvious change is the new green train! Eventually there'll be multiple trains driving around and you'll have to take care not to bump into each other. I've also […]
Loudwater, Henley, things in between
Yesterday I went for a walk between Loudwater (near High Wycombe) and Henley on Thames. Here's roughly where I went: Distance was a tad over 14 miles. Not a lot of interesting things to report: it was mostly quiet countryside alternating between farmland and woodland. The Chiltern Hills are very pretty: I should go there […]
Sonning Bridge
Here's a nice photo of the bridge at Sonning that I took a few weeks ago and forgot to post.


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Nezavisimaya Gazeta has published the ranking of
's districts by the number of crimes committed (Где в Москве жить страшнее? Рейтинг безопасности между административными округами и районами мегаполиса). The districts are ranked from 1st to 122nd. The first place being the most dangerous district with the highest number of crimes committed. Moscow
Unfortunately there is no data about the types of crime committed within
's districts. Moscow


text:
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Enjoy urban living in this chic 1 bedroom loft. Wall of windows featuring city lights and great views of the Space Needle. The award winning Mosler Lofts is full of incredible amenities. Concierge services, grand lobby, lounge, library, fitness facility, secured garage, secured entry from all areas of a the building & an incredible rooftop deck. Just steps away from Myrtle Edwards park, the SAM sculpture park & all the restaurants & night life the city has to offer. Just 4 blocks west of SLU.
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Chapter 4. Music and Videos
The personal computer is fast becoming the hub of our digital lifestyle. With the emergence of high-speed Internet access, MP3 music files, streaming video, and P2P file sharing, the home computer is often more of an entertainment device than a place to balance your checkbook or write a school report.
A computer running Linux can be a great multimedia machine for your home. It is capable of playing DVDs and most forms of video files, listening to every conceivable type of music format, and creating and editing video and audio content. Many of the people who write programs for Linux are multimedia nuts themselves, so you can rest assured that the capabilities of multimedia software on Linux are second to none.
This chapter covers the common multimedia tasks you'll want to accomplish on your computer. However, because you're running Linux from the Move CD, you won't be able to try out some of the things I describe in this chapter unless you have more than one CD or DVD drive in your computer. (Obviously, if you have only a single CD drive, you can't listen to or burn a CD because the Move CD is already in the drive.) So instead of trying to work around these limitations, I'll just describe the programs and not worry about whether you can actually test out the features (though of course I'll let you know if there is an easy way to do so).
Booting advice for Move
If you do have two optical drives, boot your machine with Move in a non-burning drive, i.e., a CD or DVD reader. This leaves the burner device free to make a CD.
Playing Music Files
Besides playing games (which I'll get to in the next chapter), the most common entertainment purpose computers are put to is playing music. Linux has dozens of programs for playing MP3 files and nearly every other digital music format.
The application for listening to music CDs in Move is called KsCD. To use it, all you have to do is pop a music CD into the drive, and the KsCD application will load automatically and begin playing your music (Figure 4-1). KsCD is configured to look up the album on the Internet and pull down a list of the album's songs. You have the typical buttons to play, fast forward, rewind, change tracks, pause, and stop. To exit the application, select Extras→ Quit.
If the KsCD program did not automatically start
when you inserted a CD, it is probably because
Move is watching the wrong CD drive. When your
computer has two CD drives, one is considered the primary and the
other the secondary; Move is configured to play
CDs from the primary drive. To solve this problem, you can either
reboot with Move in the other drive, or tell the
KsCD program which drive to read from.
To do this, open KsCD manually by clicking K
Menu→ Enjoy music and
video→ Listen to audio CDs.
Inside of KsCD, click
Extras→ Configure KsCD. At
the bottom of the configuration window that appears, look for the
field labeled CD-ROM Device containing the entry
/dev/cdrom. Add a
1 to the end
of this entry (
/dev/cdrom1) to specify your second
CD drive, click OK, and you should now be able to play CDs from that
MP3s and other digital music files are played with the Totem multimedia program (Figure 4-2). Simply double-click an MP3's icon in Konqueror, and Totem will load and begin playing your music. Of course, at the moment this is easier said than done—the Move CD doesn't actually have any MP3 files on it. There are a few solutions to this problem. If you have a USB key, you can put a few of your MP3 files on it from within Windows, and then access those files by opening your Home directory in Konqueror. Or, if you have music files stored on your Windows hard drive, you can access them using the method described at the end of Chapter 3.
Totem's buttons are similar to those of a CD player and are used to control your digital music files. When you change tracks in Totem, you are actually moving through your playlist , which is simply a list of songs you select from your collection. This can be a random selection of songs you choose on the spur of the moment, or you can create a playlist and save it so you can use it again and again. You can create playlists to play back albums you have ripped and encoded from CD (many ripping programs do this automatically), or playlists for all the music you like to listen to on a rainy day, or at night, or while driving in Kansas. You bring up the playlist window in Totem by clicking the fourth button in the lower left of Totem's main window. From here you can add and remove music files from your playlist, move files within the playlist, or save the playlist so you can use it later.
Totem is not the only music playback application for Linux; there are several other popular ones as well. My favorites are XMMS and amaroK. XMMS, shown in Figure 4-3, looks and acts a lot like the popular Windows program WinAMP. You can use XMMS to listen to CDs and to play back Ogg files, as well as MP3, WMA, FLAC, and several other audio formats. XMMS has been around for years and is a very mature program; it comes with a playlist manager and a graphic equalizer, and there are dozens of plug-ins available that enhance its features in several ways. Visit http://www.xmms.org for more details.
My new favorite music program is amaroK (Figure 4-4). This program provides a lot of features in a cool-looking interface. I like that it can look up my album on the Internet and pull down images of the album cover, that it remembers which songs I've listened to and keeps statistics on my listening habits, and that it can automatically create playlists of the songs I never listen to as well as the songs I listen to most. (It's quite interesting to listen to a collection of songs you haven't heard in a while.) The newest version of amaroK even looks up song lyrics for you! Check out http://amarok.kde.org for more information on this neat program.
Watching Video Files
Five years ago most computers were not fast enough to watch a DVD without using special video chips. Today, the typical home computer has enough processing power to run several videos at once while ripping songs off a CD and searching for extraterrestrial life when it gets bored (http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu). You can even turn your computer into a TiVo-like device using software included with video capture cards or high-end graphics cards.
But even though your hardware is powerful enough for almost any video chore, the software to actually watch videos isn't always as capable as you'd like. The reasons for this are many and varied, but I'll point out one reason that applies to Linux particularly.
As discussed in the previous section, multimedia files are encoded using special software that allows you to create small files while still maintaining most of the quality of the original media. To play back the encoded video, you use a special program called a decoder . There are dozens of video encoders and decoders, but most of them are not open source and cannot be distributed without paying a license fee. As a result, Linux is limited in its ability to play back some formats that can be easily played on Windows or a Macintosh, for example, the latest versions of Windows Media Videos (.wmv files) and some types of QuickTime videos (.mov files).
In addition to playing MP3 and Ogg music files, Totem plays back videos. Think of it as the Linux equivalent of the Windows Media Player, your one-stop program for almost all of your multimedia needs. To play a video in Move, just double-click its file icon. If Totem can handle it, it will open the file automatically and begin playing. If you can't see the video, try resizing the window vertically, as sometimes the video window portion of the player is hidden.
The Totem window itself looks exactly the same as it does when playing music, so there are no surprises here. Press F to toggle between full screen and windowed video. Another neat thing you can do is to take a screenshot of your video by going to Edit→ Take Screenshot. Unfortunately, this works only while the movie is playing, not paused, so you have to time your selection just right.
The Totem application is actually just a pretty GUI frontend for the open source video playing program xine—the real work of playing the video files is being done by xine and the codecs (video decoders) that it loads. There are several frontends for xine; Figure 4-5 shows another popular one.
Ripping and Encoding Music Files
MP3 files on the Internet come from the hard drive of some person who ripped the music from CD, encoded it in MP3 format, and uploaded it to the Web using any one of a dozen methods for sharing files. It is because of this file sharing on the Internet that MP3 has become synonymous with digital music files.
Besides being able to play back MP3 files, Linux can also be used to create them. Several open source encoders are capable of creating MP3 files; one of them, LAME, is well known even in the Windows world. Many Linux users prefer to use Ogg Vorbis files instead of MP3, because OGG is an open format that produces smaller and better quality audio files than MP3.
There are dozens of tools on Linux that can be used to encode audio files; the one on Move is called KAudioCreator. To launch it, click K Menu→ Enjoy music and video→ Rip audio CDs. You'll probably be greeted with one or two warning windows. The first one complains that "No encoder has been selected"; the second one tells you that "No tracks are selected to rip." Just click OK to close both these boxes.
To rip a CD, launch the KAudioCreator program and insert a CD into the drive. In a few seconds a list of your songs, complete with track titles, should appear in the main program window, as shown in Figure 4-6. Move has configured the KAudioCreator program to connect to the CDDB database on the Internet to look up the album information. If the main window displays a list of generic tracks, either your Internet connection isn't working, or the program couldn't find your album information on CDDB.
If there is a successful lookup in CDDB, Move has also configured KAudioCreator to automatically start ripping your CD. This is a very bad default behavior for a live CD setup, because each song you rip will take up space on your USB key, and in a matter of minutes the key could be completely full. You should stop the jobs immediately by clicking on the Jobs tab and clicking Remove All Jobs. Not only that, but you'll have to confirm you want to remove each job.
Even if I'm not running a live CD, I still find automatic rips annoying, as I may want to rip only a few songs or change my encoder before ripping. To turn off automatic ripping, go to Settings→ Configure KAudioCreator→ CD and uncheck the box next to "Automatically rip all songs upon a successful CDDB retrieval." If you choose, you can also disable automatic lookups in CDDB.
Space limitations
All ripped and encoded songs take up space. If you have a USB key, they are written to the key; otherwise, they are put in your computer's RAM. If you rip and encode too many songs, you'll quickly use up all the space on the USB key or in your RAM. To avoid running out of memory, don't rip more than two or three songs at a time (depending upon how large your USB key is), and delete your files before you rip more. (Of course, these limitations don't exist when you have Linux installed on your hard drive.)
By default, KAudioCreator will encode your music files in the Ogg Vorbis format. Since many portable music players cannot decode Ogg files, MP3 may be a better choice for you. To change KAudioCreator's default encoder, go to Settings→ Configure KAudioCreator→ Encoder, click an encoder from the list at the top, and click Apply. The LAME encoder should be used to encode MP3 files. Choosing "Leave as a wav file" tells KAudioCreator to just rip the CDs, not actually encode them. You can use these WAV files, which have the same quality as the source CD, in a CD burning program to create your own mix CDs. FLAC is a lossless encoder that produces larger files than Ogg or MP3 but smaller than WAV, and with perfect CD quality.
There are some other items of interest on this configuration screen. You can use the Encoded File Location field to enter a command that will determine the naming convention for your file and how it will be stored on your hard drive; for example, it can be stored in a folder named for the album, which is inside another folder named for the artist. The syntax for this command is not particularly complicated, but you may want to click the Wizard button to help you create it. The default should be fine for most people. You also have the option to create an album playlist when you rip the CD. This is particularly useful if you like to put all the music files for one artist in a single directory, as it allows you to play the album by selecting a single playlist file, instead of selecting the songs on an album individually.
It's now time to choose which files to rip and encode. Back in the main window, either click the Select All Tracks button, or click each track you want to rip. A check appears in the Rip column for each song you select. Once you've made your selections, click the Rip Selected Tracks button. The songs you selected are immediately queued up, and the program begins the ripping process. A window pops up to tell you that the jobs have started. Click on the Jobs tab to see the items you are ripping.
That's how
the program would work if you were running Linux from the hard drive;
now I'll tell you how you can use it within the
limitations of the Move CD. As mentioned back in
Section 4.1, if your computer has
two CD drives, one is considered the primary one and the other the
secondary one. KAudioCreator is configured to look for music tracks
on the primary drive; if that's where your music CD
is, then you're all set. If not, you can reboot,
this time with Move in the other CD drive, or you can go through the
same process you did with KsCD to make it see the other drive. Open
KAudioCreator without a CD in the drive, and on the main screen click
on the entry
/dev/cdrom in the Device drop-down
list. Add a
1 to the end of the entry to make the
program see the second CD drive, then close the program and restart
it. KAudioCreator should now be able to detect a CD in this drive,
and you can rip some music.
Burning CDs
The Move CD comes with the K3b CD burning application, regarded by many Linux users as the best CD burning application available on Linux. Some people find it to be even easier to use and more powerful than the popular Nero burning software on Windows. I've used this program many times to create master copies of the CDs that go into some of O'Reilly's books. To launch K3b, go to K Menu→ Administer your system→ Burn CDs-DVDs. When it starts up, K3b should tell you which CD burners it has found. Just click OK to clear this window.
The main K3b program window, shown in Figure 4-7, is divided into three panes. The top left pane presents a typical hierarchal view of your filesystem, and the pane in the top right shows you the files and directories in the selected folder. The bottom half of the screen changes depending upon the actions you are performing. When the program first starts up, this area displays several large buttons that let you start a new project. In this section I'll show you how to burn a data CD and how to make a copy of a CD. As I mentioned previously, you may not be able to follow along if you have only a single CD drive, so I'll just describe how the program would behave if it were installed on your hard drive.
Creating a Data CD
One of the most common (and crucial) uses for a CD burning tool is to back up your important files. K3b makes it easy to create archives of your data on a CD or DVD.
To burn a data CD, click the icon called "New Data CD Project" in the main K3b window. Next, select the files you want to add to your CD by dragging a file or folder from either of the top panes and dropping it onto either of the bottom panes. As you add each selection, a bar along the bottom of the screen will tell you how much space your files are taking up and how much space is still available on the CD. This makes it easy to fit the maximum amount of data on each CD.
When you're done selecting files, click on the big Burn button in the lower right corner. This brings up a new window that presents a lot of options to control your CD burning session (Figure 4-8). The default selections are usually fine, so I'll just tell you about a few of your choices.
- Only Create Image
Checking this option allows you to create an image file instead of burning a CD. An image file, usually called an ISO, can later be used to burn a CD with just a few clicks, and is a perfect way to share the contents of a CD over the Internet. For example, the Linux distributions you download for free from the Internet come as ISO images.
- Multisession
The options for multisession on the Settings tab allow you to burn data to a CD now and add more data to it later. If you check off the "Start multisession" option, you'll be able to add more data later by checking "Continue multisession." When you are ready to finish the disk, check off "Finish multisession" for your final burn session. If you don't check off the "Start multisession" option, the CD will be "fixed" when it's finished burning, and you can't add more data.
- Volume Desc
This tab controls the metadata you want on the CD you burn. In most cases I leave this alone, but if you are burning a master CD for work that will be copied and distributed, you'll want to enter information appropriate to your business and the project.
And that's pretty much all there is to burning a data CD. Just click the Burn button and watch K3b's progress.
Copying a CD
Another common task for a CD burner is to copy a CD, for example, to make copies of a Linux distribution. In most cases, copying a Linux distribution and giving it to a friend is not only legal, but actually encouraged. You can freely make copies of the Move CD in the back of this book and give it to anyone who is interested in trying out Linux. I also like to make copies of all of my music CDs. I keep the originals safe in the house, and use the copies in the car. That way, if the CDs in the car are ever lost, stolen, or damaged, I've still got the originals in my house.
To start a CD copy session, either click the Copy CD icon at the bottom of the screen or select the option from the Tools→ CD menu. Either way, a window pops up that presents you with a few choices (Figure 4-9).
At the top you can select the device to copy from (the reader device) and the device to copy to (the burner device). If your machine has two burning devices you might accidentally make the wrong choices here, but don't worry—your burner won't try to copy a blank CD onto a music CD. At the bottom of the screen you can choose how many copies you want to make. When you're ready to make your copy, just click the Start button.
It's even possible to make a copy of a CD if you have only one CD drive, although obviously that drive needs to be a burner. K3b can create a temporary image of the source CD first, then allow you to exchange it with a blank CD, and then continue the burn using the image as the source. Don't try this with Move, however; the temporary image will probably be larger than the space on your USB key.
As you can see, K3b is a useful and versatile program. You can use it to create your own custom mix CDs, burn a data DVD, or even create your own video DVDs and CDs that can be played in a DVD player or on your computer.
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Currently 0 TOURS in itinerary.
Uluru Sacred Sites & Sunset (Y17)
Additional Information
National Park Entry Fees are to be paid direct on the day of travel.
Please ensure you have a minimum of 1 litre of water with you for your walk.
Comfortable walking shoes are required.
Warm clothes are recommended during winter months (Jun-Aug).
- Included in price:
- Wine and canapes
- What to bring:
- - Comfortable walking shoes - 1 litre of water - Sunscreen - Sunglasses - Camera
- Fitness level required:
- Medium
- Child policies:
- Children between the ages of 2-15 years will be applicable for child rates. Children under 2 years are considered infants and travel free of charge when seated on a parent or guardians lap. Children under 7 years cannot be seated in the first 2 rows of the tour vehicle. Child seats are unable to be used.
- Departure points:
- Ayers Rock (Uluru), Northern Territory
- Departure time:
No Specific Times Daily
- Pickup/departure instructions:
This tour departs from Ayers Rock Resort at 2:30pm (Apr - Oct) & 3:00pm (Nov - Mar).
Please visit this link for tentative pick up information.
Please note that reconfirmation is still required prior to departure as per your travel documentation. The coach will not attend a location unless a pick-up is prearranged. Please note the times listed are approximate and ALL bookings MUST be reconfirmed with operator the day before departure.
- Duration:
- approximately 5 Hours (7hrs with BBQ dinner option)
- Approximate Return Time:
- 30minutes after sunset. If including the optional BBQ Dinner, the tour returns 2.5 hours after sunset.
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The above prices include $25.00 per person, which is payable direct to the operator on the day of travel.Click on a price to view more options and details.
Tour Details
- Operator
- AAT Kings
- Destination
- Ayers Rock (Uluru)
- Departs From
- Ayers Rock (Uluru)
Tour Description
Visit the Uluru – Kata Tjuta Cultural Centre, where you can learn about Aboriginal culture and see Aboriginal arts and crafts.
Travel around the base of Uluru in the comfort of your coach as your Driver Guide provides commentary about the numerous sacred sites and features to be found at Uluru. Continue to the Kuniya Walk where your Driver Guide will escort you to the beautiful Mutitjulu Waterhole. Explore caves and view Aboriginal rock paintings as your Driver Guide provides some information on the meaning and significance of the Aboriginal and European history of Uluru.
In the late afternoon we travel to the Uluru sunset viewing area. Witness the striking colour changes of Uluru at sunset while enjoying nibbles and a complimentary glass of wine.
Prices & Availability
Prices for 4 October 2020.
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Uluru Sacred Sites & Sunset (Y17)
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