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Dr. Deirdre Johnston, professor of communication and chairperson of the department at Hope College, has been honored for professional service by the Michigan chapter of the American Council of Education (ACE).
Johnston received the chapter's "2007 Outstanding Campus Programming Award" on Tuesday, June 12, during the annual state meeting of the ACE Network for Women Leaders in Higher Education, held in Lansing.
The award recognizes her role in organizing a meeting of Hope faculty and administrative staff women this past April. During the meeting, the college's women faculty and administrators committed to gathering on a regular basis beginning this fall to provide leadership development resources and to support and encourage one another to pursue greater leadership roles in higher education.
Johnston has been a member of the Hope faculty since 1994, and has served as department chair since 2003. She has been the college's institutional representative to the ACE's Michigan Network for Women Leaders in Higher Education for the past year, and during the June meeting presented "Balancing Work and Family," based on a six-year research project.
As a scholar she specializes in intercultural communication research, persuasion, interpersonal communication, conflict, mass media effects and motherhood research. She is currently on a year-long sabbatical leave to work on a book on global communication, with a focus on communication ethics and how cultures maintain their identity in the face of globalizing communication.
Johnston has written and co-written several articles published in scholarly journals, and is author of the textbook "The Art and Science of Persuasion," published by McGraw-Hill. She has been conducting her research on motherhood with Dr. Debra H. Swanson, and their most recent publications include a new research study on work-family balance and a book chapter in "Family Communication," published by Allyn & Bacon. In 2003 one of their articles was a finalist for the 2003 Rosabeth Moss Kanter Award for Excellence in Work-Family Research.
Johnston joined the Hope faculty as an assistant professor, and was promoted to associate professor in 1999. In the fall of 2005 she presented the college's Opening Convocation address.
Prior to coming to Hope, Johnston had taught at Carroll College in Waukesha, Wis., for five years. She also taught at Ohio University in Athens during 1988-89.
She began her study of communication at Drake University, from which she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in journalism in 1983. She completed her Master of Arts in communication at the University of Texas in 1985, and her doctorate in communication at the University of Iowa in 1988.
The Michigan ACE Network was formed in 1978 to promote the leadership of women in Michigan colleges and universities and to improve the general climate for women in Michigan higher education. The network provides professional development, networking, mentoring, advocacy and support for women in Michigan's higher education system. The network is open to all public and private, two-year and four-year institutions in the state, and requires institutional membership for participation in its activities.


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A timer wheel is an efficient timer facility that supports the typical timer features -- start a timer, stop a timer, expire a timer, and query a timer. The benefits of a timer wheel include:
- It can support a large number of timers.
- It supports single-shot and repeating timers.
- It is efficent, starting and stopping a timer is on the order of 1, O(1)
- It is scalable. The wheel size can be configured to an optimal number of timer queues.
- It does not require hashing or sorting overhead.
- Its memory requirements are minimumal.
- Multiple timer wheels can be integrated into a system, each independent of the others.
The embedded Single Timer Wheel (eSTW) I present here is a timer wheel facility that can be used at task and interrupt level. The number of wheel spokes is user configured. The timer granularity is determined by the task signal or hardware interrupt source
The start timer API allows a single-shot timer and a repeating timer. When a timer is started, the user specifies the initial duration, repeating duration, the call-back function to be invoked when the timer expires and a persistent parameter that is passed to the user's call-back. The source code for this timer wheel can be downloaded from Dr. Dobb's here or from SourceForge.
Timer Wheel is a data structure that consists of multiple queues. The unit of time between each queue is constant.
Single-Shot Timer is a timer that is started to expire one and only one time.
Spoke refers to a queue of the timer wheel.
Repeating Timer is a timer that is started to automatically restart after each expiration.
Rotation is a complete rotation around the wheel where all queues have been processed.
Granularity is the unit of timer between each spoke. Granularity is measured in time units, typically milliseconds.
The unit of time between each queue or spoke is the equal and constant. The queue scheme is a very efficient scheme to start and stop a timer. For timers that have a duration longer than the rotation time, the rotation count will be decremented when its queue is selected and left for the next rotation. This will continue until the rotation count is zero, indication that the timer has expired.
The timer wheel is optimized to support embedded timer structures, where the timer data structure is integrated into the structure it is associated with. When the timer is started, the structure is queued to the appropriate timer wheel queue.
The timer wheel tick may be driven by a task loop or by a hardware interrupt. It is possible to have multiple timer wheels in the system. One could be a general-purpose timer while another could be dedicated to a specific application.
Here is a list of APIs:
/* * Starts a new timer. If the timer is currently running, * it is stopped and restarted anew */ extern RC_STW_t stw_timer_start(stw_t *stw, stw_tmr_t *tmr, uint32_t delay, uint32_t periodic_delay, stw_call_back user_cb, void *parm); /* * stops a currently running timer */ extern RC_STW_t stw_timer_stop(stw_t *stw, stw_tmr_t *tmr); /* * Timer Wheel tick handler which drives time for the specified wheel */ extern void stw_timer_tick(stw_t *stw);
The timer wheel uses a 32-bit duration value. Table 1 provides the longest durations given different timer tick granularities.
The design of the timer wheel (Figure 1) consists of a number of queues or spokes that are evenly spaced in time. With each tick, the timer wheel advances in a modulo fashion to the next queue or spoke. Every active timer on the spoke is set to expire on this tick. If the timer's rotational count is non-zero, the rotational count is decremented and left on the queue for the next turn. If the rotational count is zero, the timer is expired. Expiring a timer is simply invoking the user call-back function.
Timer Wheel Demo
The timer wheel demo uses a single periodic Linux alarm signal to drive the timer wheel.
/* * Install the interval timer_handler as the signal handler for SIGALRM. */ memset (&sa, 0, sizeof (sa)); sa.sa_handler = &timer_handler; sigaction (SIGALRM, &sa, NULL);
This function is envoked as result of the sigalrm to drive the timer wheel:
static void timer_handler (int signum) { stw_system_timer_tick(); }
For More Information

subset: commoncrawl


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Kieron Lefever is one of Britain's best kept secrets; he has performed all over the world for many corporate and private functions with his own unique performance style. For the last 3 years Kieron has headlined at the Hay Literacy Festival but more recently he has regularly worked at the UK's only Magic Bar 'Illusions Magic Bar'.
After numerous TV appearances, Kieron has worked with the BBC as a magic consultant for the hit TV show Being Human, consequently he was voted best magic creator of 2012 by his peers.


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Single-portion packages, custom-designed containers, tote bags and pouch bags are some of the packaging trends making an impact on the fresh produce industry this year.
Many suppliers and retailers also are using packaging as a communications tool.
"What has consistently worked in the market for retail grocers is to utilize packaging as an effective communications vehicle and to use it to get their message across and to build their brand," said Scott Koppang, director of marketing and sales for Package Containers Inc., Canby, Ore.
It works because attractive packaging draws consumers into the produce department, he said.
Totes, pouch bags growing trend
Increased use of single-handle tote bags or pouch bags is a growing trend, but it may not take the industry by storm, said Bob Degnan, president and chief executive officer at Package Containers.
The bags typically are used for small fruit, ranging from grapes and cherries to stone fruit.
"They have high-graphic capability and can be prepackaged, which avoids labor at the store level," he said.
"The bags increase the sales not only of produce that is in the bag but of bulk items displayed next to the bag," Koppang said.
But Degnan is seeing some pushback, especially from consumers who prefer organic or earth-friendly produce.
"They want to be able to pick their own," he said.
The bags fill a need, he said, "but I think it"s a niche within the produce category."
Packaging Containers makes a single-handle Home-Toter bag out of high-density polyethylene and natural craft or bleached white earth-friendly paper that can be recycled, he said.
Going green, focusing on brands
People are looking to use less plastic in their packaging, yet still have a package that protects the product and maintains product quality, said David Grice, sales and marketing agent for FormTex Plastics Corp., Houston.
In order to do that, some manufacturers are ditching the lid and going to a film covering.
"There are a lot of trays out there with FloWrap," he said.
There"s also a trend toward brand-specific specialty packaging, Grice said.
"Maybe their image is that of a company that is going extremely green in the growing and packing process, and they want their packaging and labeling to reflect that," he said.
Clamshell containers have long been the container of choice for berries, but their popularity continues to build for other commodities, as well, said Jim Scattini, vice president of marketing for Sambrailo Packaging, Watsonville, Calif.
"It"s not just your value-added fresh-cut," he said. "It"s also whole fruits and vegetables that are put in a clamshell."
Shippers are packing avocados, beefsteak tomatoes, kiwifruit, brussells sprouts and other items in clamshells for food safety and ease of handling for consumers and ease of merchandising for retailers, he said.
The company makes about 30 kinds of clamshells, ranging from 4-ounce packages for blueberries to 4-pound units for grapes and strawberries.
More prepared products, controlled portions and portability are trends that Kari Dawson-Ekeland, marketing director for center of the store, adjacent markets, food care division, at Seald Air Corp., Elmwood Park, N.J., has noticed.
Packaging that caters to those trends helps get produce into more eating occasions, allows easy cleanup and adds consumer convenience and product safety, she said.
"The packaging actually serves as the serving dish as well as for protection of the product when it"s in transport," she said.
Increasingly, portion packs of items such as sliced apples or baby carrots enable consumers to buy multiple single-serving packages at one time.
"You can put one in a gym bag or lunch box or take to work without having to rework the package to make it suitable for eating on the go," she said.
Manufacturers also are adding more flavors taking, for example, a product that might be fairly neutral and including seasoning and flavor packets "to make it more of a savory event or a sweet event."
Reusable plastic containers continue their steady growth, said Fred Heptinstall, president and general manager of Tampa, Fla.-based IFCO USA.
Up to 15% of total retail produce cases now are shipped in RPCs, depending on the season, according IFCO.
About 12,000 stores now use RPCs, including most of the major supermarket chains, Heptinstall said.


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What is the aquaSketch?
Introducing the aquaSketch Minno, the world's most advanced writing and reference system for the world's most extreme conditions. Widely used by NASA, the U.S. Military, marine researchers and search & rescue organizations, aquaSketch offers new possibilities for underwater notation and reference. By replacing multiple tablets or pages with a single interchangeable eight foot scroll of waterproof vellum that can be worn on the wrist, this revolutionary new system combines the durability of a dive slate with the convenience and versatility of paper.
Affordable Waterproof Printing
In addition to all the advantages that aquaSketch provides in reliability and ease of use, aquaSketch is also the only existing practical and cost effective method for bringing printed material into extreme conditions. The aquaSketch vellum can be printed inexpensively in low minimum quantities unlike plastic slates that cannot be loaded into standard printers. Custom printing of maps, checklists, guides, charts or any other waterproof reference material for dive operators, resorts and organizations is now possible and affordable through aquaSketch.
See: Dutch Springs Map PDF, Custom App Page, App Module Library
The aquaSketch Apps
AquaSketch has begun developing a growing assortment of preprinted interchangeable scrolls to address a wide variety of applications. These "Apps" can cover everything from color Fish ID charts, maps and templates to Decompression Schedules and Dive Instruction Class Logs. An aquaSketch App is a template preprinted on a roll of waterproof vellum that is low tech and dependable under extreme conditions with no need for batteries or electronics. To see an index of what is currently available go to the aquaSketch App Store.
"Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication"
– Leonardo Da Vinci
Just about anything that can be done at your desk with paper can now be done underwater or in any severe environment effortlessly with one hand. Print, draw, write, erase, save, scan, copy, etc…the possibilities are endless!
Take a look at all it can do in the video below.


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Dr Colin Combe is in the Division of Management at Glasgow Caledonian UniversityCombe, Colin is the author of 'Introduction to E-business Management And Strategy', published 2006 under ISBN 9780750667319 and ISBN 0750667311.[read more]
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Wonderful renovated 4 bdrm, 3 full bath home on a quiet no-thru street in desirable Upper Seymour. Custom cedar & glass entry door, oak flrs, inviting living/dining w/gas F/P. Bright kitchen w/oak cabinets, granite, S/S appls, oversized skylight & access to deck & yard. Ideal family room & eating area off kitchen w/ W/B F/P. Generous master w/deluxe new ensuite. Downstairs: Brazilian cherry flrs, large office, bedroom, laundry, full bath, family room w/gas F/P & doors to covered deck & hot tub. Private fenced backyard w/new patio faces mature trees. Tranquility of the river & trails close by yet this setting is only 20 min to Downtown! Open Sat Jan 29th 2-4pm. Don't miss it!
A lifetime resident of the Vancouver Area, Kelly began her real estate career in a sales capacity in the early 2000's with Polygon Homes, one of Vancouver's largest and most well respected home builders. She has been selling some of Vancouver's most unique and exclusive homes ever since.
Sotheby's International Realty Canada
210-888 Beatty Street Vancouver,BC


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After an injury riddled two-year stint stateside with J-Star JDR KTM, a story we chronicled this off-season, PJ Larsen found help from Rocket Exhaust to contest 450SX (his rookie year in the class) in 2013. After early struggles, the South Carolina native (who was the 2010 Australian MX and SX Lites Champion) has made three of the last four mains—tying a 450SX career-high 15th in Atlanta. After talking with Eleven10 Mods owner Chad Sanner the night after Atlanta, the team announced the signing of 2008 Horizon Award winner for (at least) the rest of the 250SX supercross season. Weather has halted any testing thus far, but the plan is for Larsen to get some riding in today before the team leaves for St. Louis. We talked with the always funny Larsen about the deal yesterday.
Racer X: It was announced earlier this week that you have signed with Eleven10 Mods Yamaha. Take us through how the deal came to fruition.
Peter (PJ) Larsen: I talked to Josh Pitts at Renegade Fuels about the deal a little bit before Dallas, but I think at that time they were thinking Alex Martin would be back on the bike sooner than he is, so we didn't really do anything then [Note: A-Mart, the lead rider on the team, is sidelined with a broken wrist]. I was talking to Josh in Atlanta and he brought it up again and I told him that I would be interested in riding the bike and that Chad [Sanner, Eleven10 Mods Owner] always has good equipment, so he called Chad after the race and actually that night I was on the phone with Chad at 2:30 that morning and we kind of got a little bit of a plan set. I flew back to California that Sunday, did some laundry, got back on a plane Sunday night and flew back east. We were going to meet down in South Carolina and do some testing, but we got rained out, so I got on a plane and flew to Pennsylvania [where Eleven10 Mods shop is located] and we are going to try and ride tomorrow before we head out to St. Louis.
My next question was how the adjustment to the Yamaha was going, but I guess you haven't had a chance to ride it yet.
No, I haven't had I chance to get on it yet. We've had some complications with the weather, but we are going to try and ride tomorrow.
Larsen began the year in 450SX with Rocket Exhaust, but will transition to 250SX with Eleven10 Mods Yamaha beginning in St. Louis.
Simon Cudby photo
You haven't ridden a Yamaha in your career. What are some of the difficulties in switching to a different, unknown, brand mid-season?
Luckily I've never been the kind of guy that is overly picky on stuff. I've been able to get on the majority of bikes and be comfortable pretty much right away. I actually tried the Yamaha a couple of years ago and I really liked it back then, so I don't think we will have any problem getting adjusted to it. And I guess I'll say that the bike is probably going to be pretty slow since Chad is standing right in front of me. [Laughs] No, but I'm really confident in Chad and the team.
You're also switching classes as well. What adjustments do you see having to make in that aspect?
I don't really see switching classes as that big of a deal. Its still racing no matter what class you're in. Obviously both classes have a lot of talent in them… I don't think it's going to be anything different. I think it will be more along the lines of getting used to the bike and getting comfortable with it and getting going.
The 450 class was stocked with race winners and multiple champions. Now, you're entering a class that features only two past supercross race winners (Dean Wilson and Blake Wharton) entering the year. How does that change your expectations?
I think it obviously will change my expectations. Beforehand, in the 450 class my main focus was on making mains. In the 250 class, we're definitely not going to be happy to make a main and finish 15th like I was in the 450 class, because that's a big accomplishment with the amount of talent and the equipment I was up against. Now that I'm on a really good bike and program we need to be up front and not just making mains. Right now I can't really say where I'm going to finish because I haven't ridden the bike yet and haven't been able to do quite a bit of things.
Does that take away some pressure, in that you haven't had time to adjust to the bike?
The way I look at it is, since I haven't been able to ride the bike I have a good excuse on Saturday. [Laughs]
[Laughs] Well that is kind of what I was alluding to. So if you get 15th or something you have a great excuse!
[Laughs] Well, nah, nothing is really a good excuse. I'm pretty confident that I'll get on the bike and be comfortable. I think one thing we will be chasing is the suspension because the guys over at PR2 haven't gotten to do much on the Yamaha 250F in supercross. I'm confident that they will have a good base setup for me, and that's probably what I'll race with on Saturday. If everything comes together like it should I think we'll be fine.
As of now, the deal between Eleven10 Mods and Larsen is for supercross only.
Simon Cudby photo
Is the deal for supercross only?
I've talked to Chad a little bit about it and I think the plan is to get through supercross right now and see where we are after Vegas. It could potentially be a deal for outdoors, but it's by no means guaranteed.
This last question is one that I think is on the minds of every South Carolinian. Why do you choose not to embrace your South Carolina heritage and list being from California?
[Laughs] Hey, you know what, California has to go on my entry list because I live in California now. If I put a South Carolina address, all my checks will go to South Carolina, and I really need my checks in California. [Laughs] So that's a pretty good excuse.
Yeah, I guess that's a valid excuse.
Do you like how they call me Peter Larsen, too? The form I changed it on was for my tax stuff, but it ended it up changing on everything. Now I don't even know how to change it back. I was like, damn. [Laughs]
Thanks, PJ. Good luck this weekend. Who would you like to thank for helping you this season?
I would like to thank Rocket Exhaust for helping me out during the beginning of the season. And now Eleven10 Mods, Yamaha, Renegade Fuels, FLY and DC Shoes.


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It's a beautiful fall day in New England, but no one from the T.L. Edwards crew seems to notice. Their conversation centers on tolerances, paving speeds, split-drum compaction, haul trucks and logistics.
As they talk, one word surfaces, over and over: Perfect.
"This job has to be perfect," says Rob Edwards, equipment manager of the firm based in Avon, Mass. His father, Terry "T.L." Edwards—the owner and namesake—says the same thing. So does foreman Peter Starrett, and members of the crew.
If there is little margin for error most days, there is no margin for error this day. Everything needs to be perfect for this job—and what it stands for.
The job is a running track for Sandwich High School, located on scenic Cape Cod, Mass. Paving a running track has created a need for great precision.
The crew is worried about perfection for another reason—for what the site represents. This day also marks the paving of the base for a memorial to fallen veterans, and in particular Capt. Gerald F. DeConto, a 1974 graduate of Sandwich High School.
DeConto spent his career in the military and died in the Sept. 11, 2001, attack on the Pentagon. His family, friends and the Sandwich community chose to honor their native son by building a new track and football field in remembrance of him and others who served their country. It took years, but the necessary funds were finally gathered for paving both the track and memorial area.
The school will once again be able to host events—something it couldn't do for the better part of a decade because of the track's poor condition. And those who visit the brand new track also will see the memorial.
That's why T.L. Edwards wasn't just talking about mat deviations when he said, "This job has to be perfect."
The project actually consisted of three separate paving components. The first was to pave the infield event and memorial area, between the track and what will be the football field. It was essentially a parking lot-type project.
The track comprised the other two components: A 6.7 m (22') wide lift that will be the running track, and an adjacent 3 m (10') wide lift on the outside of the running surface for non-competitors such as coaches, timers and others.
The project started with fine grading and soil compaction. A paver then made a pass with stone dust to ensure elimination of all deviations, followed by another compaction pass.
Next it was time for asphalt. A Cat® AP555E placed a 38 mm (1.5") binder with a stone size of 19 mm (3/4"). Then a 38 mm (1.5") surface coat was placed, with 13 mm (½") stone.
The project specified a cross slope of 0.75 percent for drainage, but allowed that slope to deviate to a maximum of 12 mm (0.04'). "That's how much room they gave us for grade deviation," said Rob Edwards. "Less than half of an inch around the whole track."
That tight margin led to the use of the Cat Grade and Slope system. "We weren't afraid to go with that new technology because Caterpillar is very thorough when they put a product out," Rob Edwards said. "We know it will work."
Another contractor later applied a thin rubber surface.
A Cat AP555E Asphalt Paver with an AS3251C Screed began the day by paving the memorial area. That job was handled with ease, but the real challenge was the track. Besides the need for precision, hills limit access to the site—requiring even more detailed logistics.
The surface lift started with a Cat® AP1055E Asphalt Paver placing asphalt near a corner, at the "top" end of the oval track. But the paver did not have a strictly horizontal starting point. Instead, the screed and a piece of wood created an angle. (Later, when the paver circled the track, it was able to work to the low point of that angle, then pull the screed in and pave tightly along the angled starting point—and drive off the unpaved, outside portion of the track.)
The AP1055E extended its AS3301C Screed and paved at a width of 6.7 m (22'), enabling the entire running surface to be covered in a single pass. "Working at that width was not a problem," Starrett said. "We've worked at 28' (8.5 m) before."
The paver turned the first corner, and then another. The AP1055E then was joined by the second paver, an AP555E—just before a straight stretch of the track. The standard 2.4 m (8') screed on the AP555E was extended to 3 m (10') and handled the surface outside of the running area. A crown separated the two pavers, and was left intact for drainage purposes. Water on the track would drain toward the inside field, and water on the outside surface would drain away.
The AP1055E, on the inside, moved faster than the AP555E on the outside. In particular the AP1055E gained time as it traveled through turns. When the AP1055E had circled the track, it paved to its starting joint. It drove off the outside portion of the track that the trailing AP555E had not yet paved.
The AP555E then worked its way to its starting point—further along the track than where the AP1055E had started—and eventually backed in to create the longitudinal joint before paving a walkway as it exited the facility.
The mix was placed at a temperature of about 149º C (300º F). The trucks remained tarped; heat loss was an issue because the trucks had to arrive at the site, back around the track and line up. The material was end-dumped into both pavers.
The pavers worked at about 457 m (1500') per hour. In other words, it took about an hour for them to pave the track.
The crew had a tough job, but it was made easier with the Cat Grade and Slope system on the pavers. "We like the way operators on both sides of a screed can see what the other sees," Rob Edwards said. "That's in addition to the accuracy it delivers."
Accuracy was crucial. The slope at the straightaway started at 0.5 percent and transitioned to 0.75 percent for the remaining three turns. The Grade and Slope read off a previously placed and inspected concrete drain for grade.
Key members of the Edwards crew relentlessly monitored the results from the screed, using levels to double-check accuracy. Crew members rarely walked on the mat, and when they did, special boot covers helped to increase flotation.
The CD54 handled breakdown compaction behind the AP1055E. The roller's offset split drums, and their wider coverage area, maximized efficiency while compacting the 6.7 m (22') mat. The offset drums also provided a tight turning radius without damaging the mat—a key feature when compacting an oval track.
"The CD54 doesn't stretch the mix," Rob Edwards said. "It doesn't push and pull and tear." It's also maneuverable, he said. "It weighs 22,000 pounds (10 metric tons) and handles like a go-cart."
Starrett likes the split-drum roller's versatility. "We can use it when we need a static, and we gain by having vibratory available. It's really a static roller with extra compaction."
A CB54 took on breakdown compaction behind the AP555E. Both the CD54 and CB54 were able to achieve compaction in three passes, with a movement up and back and up counting as three passes. The rollers worked from immediately behind their respective pavers to a few hundred feet back. The compactors worked next to, but never crossed over, the crown. A Cat CB24 did the finishing work.
The machines and crew met the goals. All the experience and attention to detail paid off: Everything was perfect. In a little more than an hour, the crew had moved past the memorial site. Given the requirements, it proved to be the track's first victory lap.


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John Brecher / NBC News
From left: Andy Sewrey, Matthew Griffin and Donald Lee (displayed on the computer via Google hangout from Los Angeles) run Combat Flip-Flops, headquartered in Issaquah, Wash., and made in Afghanistan.
Whether fighting Taliban in the remote mountain valleys of Afghanistan or snowboarding down a double-black-diamond run in the Cascade range, you want your brothers with you. And the same goes for starting a small business selling flip-flops inspired by military service and the Afghan people.
That's why West Point graduate-turned beachwear entrepreneur Matthew Griffin, his brother in-arms Donald Lee and brother-in-law, Andrew Sewrey, joined together to deliver a new twist on beach footwear -- Combat Flip Flops.
Griffin and Lee served two tours as special ops Army Rangers in Afghanistan together from 2003 to 2006. Lee also was involved in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
The idea for Combat Flip Flops, which sells high end togs with names like the AK-17 for men and Bombshell Light for women, is headquartered in a one-car garage a stone's throw from a salmon stream in the foothills outside Seattle. It started like many things in that part of the country do, with a cup of coffee.
Soldier who lost 4 limbs in Afghanistan returns home to hero's welcome
In 2010, Griffin had returned to Kabul as a medical training and equipment supplier to the Afghan military when he met an American who managed a shoe factory at a business conference. The factory was set up by Afghan families who'd been running shoe factories for years and were able to obtain U.S. government contracts to make footwear for the U.S. military.
Best coffee in Kabul?
"He asked if I wanted to try the best cup of coffee in Kabul," Griffin said. "Being from Seattle we said all right we'll give that one a day in court."
John Brecher / NBC News
Combat Flip Flops, made in Afghanistan, displayed in the garage of Andy Sewrey in Issaquah, Wash.
Afterward, during a tour of the factory floor, which he found clean, organized with well-trained workers in uniform, the engineering management grad said he began thinking about ways to help the Afghan people over the long term. "What is going to happen when we pull out. If you have a factory, that is going to let people feed their family. Each worker supports about eight or nine other members of their family."
Then, he said, he saw a worker, putting a flip flop thong through a combat boot sole. It was meant as a joke for coworkers, but it instantly caught Griffin's attention.
The idea for Combat Flip Flops was formed: He'd help the Afghan people he had grown to admire for their selfless hospitality and independent spirit and do his part for economic stability in the country by creating sustainable jobs. He registered the Internet domain name when he got back to his hotel room.
NBC's Lester Holt answers your questions about Afghanistan
Griffin returned to his home in Washington state, and learned that his wife Michele's sister, Kristy, was getting married. Her groom was Andy Sewrey, a Montana-bred construction manager and bass player in a metal rock band (Sunder) who the first time they met showed up to a family barbecue with a six-foot potato cannon. The two learned that they both snowboarded, but each worried that the other wasn't quite at the same level of expertise (They each feared the other would be a "dork" on the slopes).
Finally, after Sewrey was married, the two agreed to join each other for some early spring skiing on the steep side of Snoqualmie Pass, about a half hour drive from their homes in Issaquah.
Mohammad Ismail / Reuters
Afghan employees work at the Boot Factory in Kabul in Sept. 2012, where Combat Flip Flops are made.
Sewrey said the two shredded the mountain like never before that day, "pushing every possible open gap."
"That just kind of changed things," Sewrey said. "It was like OK, you're cool. This is my brother. "
Griffin shared his idea of Combat Flip Flops with Sewrey. And Sewrey, who had studied art and design in college, began making sketches. Griffin introduced his new brother in-law to his brother-in arms, Lee, who grew up and still lives in Los Angeles and also studied art and design. Lee had worked in Internet marketing in the shoe industry before joining the Army after Sept. 11, 2001.
'Cuckoo's nest'
As Lee describes his work in the elite special ops force, "Griff was in the cuckoo's nest and I was the cuckoo." Griffin planned, organized and prepared his team to coordinate air strikes from B1 bombers and attack helicopters, and Lee was on the ground calling in the coordinates.
Lee and Griffin became friends on their first tour of duty with the 75th Ranger Regiment, in an operation called "Winter Strike." It was a snowy assault on Al-Qaida and the Taliban in remote mountain villages. The idea, Griffin said, was that enemy couldn't hide at high elevations anymore because American forces would send people to go get them.
"There's no support. Helicopters have a hard time reaching there so it's men with boots on the ground and packs and cold weather gear going up into the mountains and doing their job," Griffin said.
The mountain Afghans let the Rangers live in their homes and stay in their schools. They helped them start fires to stay warm, and even brought in stoves. The Rangers drank tea with the elders.
"They literally fed us their food that they had to survive for the rest of the winter," Griffin said. "There is a basic level of humanity to that. I don't care whether you're Christian, Muslim or Jewish, there is a compassion there for other human beings. I felt that from Afghans."
It was this feeling for the Afghan people, to keep them working when the bulk of the American forces depart in 2014, that ultimately became the idea behind Combat Flip Flop. Right now, the company consists of Griffin as CEO, Sewrey as president, and Lee as Web design, sales and marketing guru and about 30 Afghan workers.
As the security in Afghanistan crumbles, 'Nightly' returns to an orphanage that Brian Williams first visited in 2009 to find girls with big dreams who are focused on getting into college.
Some people think the name is too militant, but Griffin says those people are missing the point. It tongue-in cheek, more of a fun marketable brand for flip flops that anyone can wear.
In a trip last month to Kabul to inspect the factories, Sewrey said he also witnessed the pride and dignity of Afghans.
Sweeping dirt
"There you see guys, maybe he has a little shop selling naan, out in the morning on the side of the road. The dude is out there sweeping the dirt. It's dirt. Nothing, but more dirt. There's dirt on dirt on dirt. And there's a guy that's like this is my business I'm going to sweep my dirt. You'd see that all over town. They really care about what they're doing."
Combat Flip Flops is a small startup that sells their rugged and colorful footwear starting at $65. The company has lined up retailers in Europe and North America, but 90 percent of its sales are online. Flip flops made in Afghanistan are expected to begin shipping in mid-December. The first run of 2,000 men's models have already sold out, but orders are still being taken for later shipments and women's sandals.
The trio has also received permission from the family of the leader of the Northern Alliance, Ahmad Shah Massoud, a political leader and Afghan fighter who was named a National Hero by the Afghan government, to sell T-shirts with his likeness. Massoud, nicknamed the "Lion of Panjshir," is acclaimed for helping driving the Russians out of Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden is suspected to have ordered Massoud's assassination on Sept. 9, 2001. Griffin and Sewrey traveled to Massoud's hometown in the Panjshir Valley last month and met with his brother and son. The stylistic shirts will be revealed soon, with a percentage of the profits going to the Massoud Foundation.
They also have plans for new Afghan inspired flip-flop designs using sheep and goat leather.
"We really think that through jobs and economic stability we can do something for the Afghans," Griffin said. "Do we think that flip flops are going to solve Afghanistan's problems? No. But we're trying to show people that it's possible for a foreign business to work with the people there, and have fun doing it."
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Johanna BlakleyMedia | Entertainment | Fashion
Archive for writing
When Life Meets Art: Dinah Lenney at TEDxUSC
One of my favorite performances at TEDxUSC this year was by the actress and writer Dinah Lenney, who explored the connections between life and art. I can't help but think that her training as an actress has made her a bit more sensitive than the average writer is about the "reality" of fiction and the visceral connections it forges between representation and material existence. Through a series of poignant and funny tales, Lenney explains why it is that she is more awestruck by a painting of a tree than the tree itself. To her, it's the human intervention, the longing to capture in art something that simply occurs in nature, that gives her a sense of awe.
I was reminded of Jean Baudrillard's infamous formulation of the simulacrum: he argued that a really compelling representation of something (a picture of a sunset, for instance) may all too easily become the primary referent for the real thing (e.g., the actual sunset). Whenever you find yourself saying, "Hey! That looks just like a postcard!" then you have become subject to the allure of the simulacrum. But while Baudrillard bemoans the dehumanizing aspects of this displacement — this re-placement, as it were — Lenney celebrates it. She sees how important the witnessing of that sunset actually is: a human tried to tell us about it through a postcard, and the message was received.
Viva la simulacra!


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L1 Transfer in Recognition and Production of A/Telic Sentences
This study investigates L2 acquisition of telicity, in particular, how the Persian EFL learners interpret a/telic sentences comparing with English native speakers. To the mentioned aim, 70 EFL learners of English assigned to four groups of elementary, low intermediate, high intermediate and advanced speakers were asked to contribute to the present study. In task one the participants were to judge whether some telic and atelic sentences in Persian were compatible with the given context or not. Task 2, was a task of translation to evaluate the participants' production power and task 3 was a task of telicity in English based on Persian. The results revealed that Iranian EFL learners were more successful with telic structures both in translation and recognition task comparing with the atelic ones. The results on telicity in Persian revealed that the markers of telicity in English and Persian are different. Where languages had different markers of telicity, participants were influenced by L1 in all groups but advanced.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v4i2.1552
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According to the myth, the name Salamina (Salamis) was given to the island by Kychreas in honour of his mother Salamis, one of the five daughters of the river god Asopos.
In Salamina you can visit the following museums and sightseeings:
• Municipality of Salamina Folk Art and History Museum: It host exhibits of the island's history, including a collection of local costumes, furniture, agricultural tools, weapons and ceramic items.
• Maritime museum: An outdoor museum in the area of Paloúkia exhibiting cannons and torpedoes.
• Ancient port: The ancient port is located in the area of Ambelákia and dates back to the 4th century BC. The port contributed significantly to the economic development of the ancient city of Salamis. The famous naval battle of Salamis also took place here. Ambelakia is the oldest village on the island, 4 km south of Salamina, and it certainly worths a visiting!
• Churches and Monasteries like Faneromeni Monastery, Ayios Nikolaos Kalyvitis and Ayios Dimitrios Church.
If you want to swim, visit the southern side of the island, where the beaches are cleaner. The most popular beaches are Selínia, Kanákia, Faneroméni, Saterlí and Kakí Vígla.
Getting there
There are around-the-clock connections to Attica. Choose among the following routes:
• Piraeus – Paloukia (every 30 minutes via passenger boats; duration app. 40 min)
• Perama – Paloukia (every 15 minutes by ferry boat; duration app. 15 min)
•Nea Perama – Faneromeni (every 30 minutes, by ferry boat; duration app. 5 min).
Visitgreece.gr is the official tourism web site for Greece, run by the Greek National Tourism Organisation, where you'll find information on the main tourist destinations, such as cities, beaches, as well as activities, events and much more!
All content included on this site consists intellectual property of GNTO and you are not allowed to reproduce the whole or part of this work in any way.
For information please contact: email@example.com. All Rights Reserved. GNTO © 2020.


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The Committee for Freedom of Choice in Medicine (CFCM) was the political arm of several interlocking corporations that promoted and/or marketed questionable remedies for cancer and other serious diseases. It also worked to abolish federal and state laws intended to protect consumers in the health marketplace. Operating during the 1970s as the Committee for Freedom of Choice in Cancer Therapy (CFCCT), it fought for legalization of laetrile (a quack cancer remedy) and claimed to have many members. By the mid-1980s, it appeared to be a small group whose principal activities were educational conferences, protests to government officials, and publication of a small-circulation newsletter. All of the organizations were founded by Robert W. Bradford (1931-2011), who gathered a variety of dubious credentials and published what he considered scientific reports about many of the methods that he promoted. He has also operated a nonaccredited "medical school" and sponsored conferences that promoted his methods and products. It would be fair to conclude that that he thumbed his nose at scientific medicine and government regulatory agencies for more than 35 years.
Background History
The CFCM was launched in 1972 as the CFCCT, incorporated in February 1973, and assumed its current name in 1984 [1]. At around the same time, Bradford also founded the Robert Bradford Research Institute; the Robert W. Bradford Foundation; American Biologics-Mexico (a hospital in Tijuana); and a pharmaceutical firm called American Biologics. Later he founded a nonaccredited school called Capitol University of Integrative Medicine. All except the hospital and school were located at the same address in Chula Vista, California. In 1999, American Biologics stopped licensing its name to the Mexican facility and began operating a new one [2].
The CFCCT's formation was triggered by the arrest of John A. Richardson, MD, an Albany, California, physician who frequently prescribed laetrile. As described by a Committee official:
State and local officers, armed with warrants charging Richardson and two of his nurses with multiple violations of the state's "cancer quackery" statutes, burst into the doctor's clinic. . . . The arrest of Dr. Richardson, an outspoken Bircher not known to back away from a good fight, was tantamount to arresting the Birch Society itself, although the conservative organization took no stand as a society, on the matter. The Richardson arrest marked the entrance into the vitamin B-17 controversy of numerous Birchers, many of them grouped in a complex of ad hoc committees collectively known as the Committee for Freedom of Choice in Cancer Therapy [3].
Although Dr. Richardson's arrest did not ultimately result in a conviction, the California Board of Medical Quality Assurance revoked his medical license in 1976 for "extreme departure from the standard practice of medicine." [4]
Political Goals and Activities
During the mid-1970s, CFCCT publications listed the following objectives:
- The Committee does not claim competence to judge the relative merits of various cancer therapies.
- The Committee does take a strong position, however, on behalf of freedom of choice for both physicians and patients to use whatever therapy they mutually accept.
- History has shown that governments often have institutionalized and perpetuated error in scientific questions. Therefore, the Committee opposes any effort by the FDA or any other agency of the government to pass judgment on any cancer theory or therapy.
- All currently used Western therapies—surgery, drugs, radiation—admittedly are dangerous and harmful to the patients in varying degrees. Therefore, the Committee does not support the FDA's ruling against the use of Laetrile (a nontoxic vitamin food supplement) on the grounds that it might be harmful.
- The quality of medical research and practice declines in direct proportion to the degree to which it is influenced by politics. Therefore the Committee believes that the government should get off the back of private research and out of the field of medical practice.
The Committee pledges its moral and financial support to physicians and patients in their legal battles to achieve these objectives [5].
During the 1970s, the Committee held seminars, symposia and "doctors' workshops" and distributed books, pamphlets, cassette tapes, and other information on unproven methods of cancer management. The organization also generated letter-writing campaigns in support of these methods and the practitioners who used them. The primary political goal appeared to be the passage of state and federal laws to legalize the use of laetrile.
In 1984, the Committee presented the United Nations Center for Human Rights in Geneva with what it considered to be evidence of "medical genocide and medical tyranny as practiced in the United States." [6] A Center official informed me that the outcome of the petition cannot be revealed, because all alleged violations are handled under a confidential procedure [7]. However, I could find no published evidence that the Center considered the Committee's viewpoint credible.
During the 1990s, the Committee opposed a California bill to permit forfeiture of property in certain cases of health fraud and a federal nutrition labeling bill provision to restrict claims for nutritional supplements. It has also supported various bills to weaken the FDA and make it more difficult for state boards to discipline "alternative" practitioners.
Organizational Structure
CFCM's Web site described it as a nonprofit advocacy and educational group whose main functions were to serve as an information clearinghouse, provide information and speakers for health conventions, provide testimony to legislatures or courts, and serve as a doctor/patient referral system for "integrative" therapy.
CFCM president Robert Bradford, was also president of the Robert Bradford Research Institute (BRI), the Robert W. Bradford Foundation, American Biologics, and American Biologics Integrative Medical Center. According to a Stanford University official, Bradford graduated from San Jose State University and worked from 1963 to 1976 as an electronics engineer for the Stanford University Linear Accelerator Center [8]. Bradford's publications include Now That You Have Cancer (a laetrile metabolic program orientation handbook); The Biochemical Basis of Live Cell Therapy, Oxidology: The Study of Reactive Oxygen Toxic Species (ROTS) and Their Metabolism in Health and Disease; and International Protocols in Cancer Management. During a 1997 deposition, Bradford said that he had received an honorary bachelor's degree from Stanford in 1965, a Ph.D. from Roundtable University, and a "doctor of biochemistry degree" in 1984 from Medicina Alternativa, an "international holistic medical group" in Sri Lanka [9]. He also was said to have received a "cultural doctorate in nutritional science" in 1983 from the World University. Although these "doctoral" degrees have no academic standing, he generally identified himself as "Dr. Bradford.""Robert Bradford, DSc," or Robert Bradford, "DSc, NMD." I do not know the origin of the "NMD," but it could not have come from an accredited school.
Robert Bradford's wife Carole Bradford, the Committee's secretary/treasurer, was also chief executive officer of American Biologics Integrative Medical Center, Director of the Bradford Research Institute, and coauthor of Cookbook for Healthful Living, a book said to include recipes used in the American Biologics Hospital treatment program. During a 1997 deposition, she indicated that after high school she had taken a one-year medical secretarial course and attended Canada College (a community college in San Mateo, California) for two or three years [10]. In 1998, she announced that she had undergone successful treatment of a breast cancer at American Biologics Hospital. According to her story, a breast cyst she had removed in 1993 turned out to be an ductal cell carcinoma the size of a golf ball. She took tamoxifen (a standard drug) for two months plus 30 types of supplement, herb, and homeopathic pills and daily injections of laetrile and many other substances for several months. Later she reduced the number of pills and "crammed 12,000-gauss magnets into her brassiere as a daily kind of localized magnetic therapy." [11]. In a 1999 interview, she stated that she considered herself "privileged because I had the best doctor—my husband—and my hospital." She also said that she was using a preventive program that dietary measures, "organic foods," nutritional supplements and colonic irrigation [12]. Although she represented that her unconventional treatments had cured her, ductal cancer treated with lumpectomy (lump removal) alone had a fairly good prognosis. A study published in 1995, for example, found that the odds of surviving eight years without evidence of recurrence were about 60% [13].
Michael L. Culbert (1937-2004), a former newspaperman and freelance writer, edited The Choice for more than 20 years and served as CFCM board chairman and as vice president and public relations director of American Biologics Hospital. His books include Vitamin B17—Forbidden Weapon Against Cancer (1974); Freedom from Cancer—The Amazing Story of Laetrile (1976); Medical Revolution in America (1981); What the Medical Establishment Won't Tell You that Could Save Your Life (1984); AIDS: Terror, Truth and Triumph; AIDS: Hope, Hoax and Hoopla (1989); and Medical Armageddon (1994 and 1995). He also co-authored How You Can Beat the Killer Diseases (1977) and the books listed above by Robert Bradford. Culbert had a bachelor of arts degree from the University of Wichita and an "honorary DSc degree" from Medicina Alternativa. In 1996, Culbert founded and became president of the International Council for Health Freedom (ICHF), which was described on its Web site as "an informational clearinghouse between groups and people in all countries which pursue the objective of medical free choice and new ideas in medicine and healing." The ICHF Web site disappeared about a year after Culbert's death, and the organization appears to be defunct.
Bruce Halstead, MD (1920-2002), who for many years was the Committee's vice-president, operated the Halstead Preventive Medicine Clinic in Colton, California, and was a leading promoter of laetrile, chelation therapy, and many other questionable practices. In 1985, he was convicted of 12 counts of cancer fraud and grand theft for selling an herbal tea called ADS to ten patients with cancer and other serious diseases for $125 to $150 a quart. Although he maintained that ADS was a "nutritional supplement," analysis showed it to be 99.4% water mixed with a brownish sludge composed mainly of coliform bacteria, the bacteria found in human feces. Following the trial, which lasted five months, Los Angeles County Deputy District Attorney Hyatt Seligman called Dr. Halstead "a crook selling swamp water." [14] He was fined $10,000 and sentenced to four years in prison, but practiced for several more years while appealing his conviction. After his final appeal was denied (1991), he was sentenced to prison and his medical license was revoked (1992) [15]. However, the authorities apparently overlooked him and he was not incarcerated until 1997, when he served few months in prison.
Rodrigo Rodriguez, MD, the Committee's international vice president, cofounded and directed American Biologics-Mexico. In the late 1990s, after splitting with Bradford, he operated a clinic called International Biologics. Today his facility is called the International Biocare Hospital and Medical Center.
The Robert W. Bradford Foundation, which no longer exists, was described as a nonprofit research and educational trust founded in 1978 to support private, independent scientific research into the metabolic management of degenerative disease and provide a clearinghouse for educational materials to physicians, patients, medical students, health professionals, and institutions of higher learning [16]. According to Culbert, the Foundation's principal activity was publication of BRI research books and monographs [17].
The Robert Bradford Research Institute, founded in 1979, was a private foundation that published reports and monographs said to be the results of research done by the Institute. Its tax returns listed income of $13,819 in 1987, $17,518 in 1988, and $1,549 in 1989 [18]. Its California CT-2 periodic tax report for 1998 listed gross receipts of $38,459 and total assets of $40,292. Its federal form 990-PF tax returns show gross income of $6,297 in 2005, $10,180 in 2006, $37,871 in 2007, $29,983 in 2008, and $3,069 for 2009.
The Choice began monthly publication in 1975 with Culbert as editor. Its assistant editor was Maureen Salaman, who later became president of the National Health Federation (NHF) [19], another group promoting "health freedom." After 1980, The Choice was published two to four times a year. A December 1981 CFCCT report to "committee chairmen and interested members" attributed the decreased frequency to lack of funds [20]. The articles invariably promoted "alternative" treatment and criticize scientifically accepted treatment and government regulation of the health marketplace. Headlines like "Herbal poultices demolish tumors at AB Hospital," [21] "New research blasts 'standard' Ca therapies," [22] "Fedstapo targeting our medical freedom" [23], and "'FDA-OK'd medications kill 100,000 a year'" [24] typified the organization's viewpoint. Culbert ended his association with Bradford in the late 1990s. Carole Bradford edited The Choice for about a year, after which it ceased publication. Meanwhile, Culbert joined the NHF's Board of Governors and edited its Health Freedom News magazine for a few years.
American Biologics-Mexico, which opened in 1978, was described in its brochures as "North America's most advanced holistic medical center." It claimed to offer "new hope for sufferers of cancer, heart disease, MS, allergies, all forms of metabolic dysfunction." By the late 1980s, it claimed to have treated more than 15,000 patients. It advertised regularly in chiropractic and health-food-industry publications. In 1988, about 75% of the hospital's patients were said to be treated for cancer [25]. During the 1980s, I observed itemized statements to insurance companies that identified treatments as "chemother/inj" without indicating that laetrile was included [26].
In 1999, American Biologics stopped licensing its name to the Mexican facility (which was renamed International Biologics Hospital and Medical Center) and began operating a new Tijuana facility called American Biologics Integrative Medicine Center. The treatments listed on the center's Web site included acupuncture; advanced oxidative therapy; anti-microbial therapy; applied kinesiology; bioelectrical therapy; bioelectrical therapy; chondroitin sulfates; colonic irrigation and/or rectal implants to establish; comprehensive antioxidant therapies; detoxification/modalities; dietary modification; DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide); EDTA chelation treatments; enzyme therapy; genetic repair therapy; genetic therapy ("to repair or normalize the DNA of cancer cells"); hormonal and glandular supplementation; hydrotherapy; intravenous infusion therapy; laetrile therapy; live cell therapy; liver, bladder and kidney flushes; massage therapy; nutritional medicine; pulsed magnetic therapy; and oral/intravenous administration of vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, and essential fatty acids. Some standard treatment modalities are also offered. At about the same time, Culbert terminated his association with Bradford and The Choice published a few issues and then became defunct. Today, Bradford is listed as "scientific advisor" of Ingles Hospital & Integrative Medical Center in Tijuana.
American Biologics, a "metabolic pharmaceutical firm," marketed products and was also the U.S. representative office for American Biologics-Mexico. During the early 1980s, the company's "professional catalog" listed enzymes, digestive aids, emulsified vitamins, minerals, Gerovital, injectable glandulars, oral glandulars, and specialty products, such as DMSO, benzaldehyde, apricot kernels, EDTA, and laetrile, as well as books, tapes and films, and lab test apparatus. In 1982, an article in The Choice stated that American Biologics was "the major amygdalin [laetrile] distributor in the world." [24] In 1988, the company donated about $20,000 in money and laboratory equipment to John Bastyr College, a naturopathy school in Seattle [26]. Its offerings included shark cartilage, homeopathic products, and others that were in vogue at that time.
The Capital University of Integrative Medicine (CUIM), a nonaccredited school headquartered in Washington, D.C., was founded by Robert Bradford and three others. Its offerings included "Doctor of Integrated Medicine" and "Master of Integrated Health Science" programs. It was registered in the District of Columbia in 1995. Its first graduating class (December 1998) included 7 medical doctors, 5 dentists, 4 physical therapists, 4 naturopaths, and 7 others [29]. Bradford served as "Professor of Medicine/Chairman, Dept. of Oxidology, Microbiology and Microscopy." In December 2000, CUIM awarded an honorary "doctor of humanities degree" to U.S. Representative Dan Burton (R-IN), quackery's best friend in Congress. CUIM officially closed its operations as of June 30, 2006 but it appeared to have stopped functioning in 2003.
Questionable Membership Statistics
In 1976, CFCCT memberships cost $15 (regular), $100 (sustaining), $500 (associate) and $1,000 (life), which included The Choice. The membership was said to have peaked at about 40,000 members with 520 chapters nationwide [25]. In 1989, Culbert stated that the CFCCT had entered a "quiescent phase" in the early 1980s and "diminished in force . . . to a palace guard of a few dozen committees and about 5,000 members." [30] However, CFCM did not appear to be functioning as a formal organization. For many years, subscribers to The Choice were automatically designated as members of the Committee [17]. Although Culbert held the title of chairman of the board, his main activity appeared to have been editor of The Choice.
The CFCCT's tax returns filed with the California Registry of Charitable Trusts reported the following gross income: 1976-$119,352, 1977-$155,916, 1978-$152,786, 1979-$75,857, 1980-$36,429, 1981-$19,019, and 1982-$11,148. (The group's fiscal year ran from March 1 through the end of February.) None of these returns contain an entry for membership dues. The return for fiscal 1982 listed contributions of $1,014 and gross sales of $10,134 [31].
In 1992, CFCM's income appeared to be small. In 1988, Culbert attested that the organization's "mailing list" was between 2,000 and 2,500 [32]. Not all of these, however, were paid subscribers. In 1991, he said that 10,000 copies of The Choice were published quarterly, some 4,000 of which were subscriptions [32]. Although he said that 50 chapters of the Committee were still active, I have seen no evidence of chapter activity since the early 1980s.
Legal Involvements
In 1977, Robert Bradford, Frank Salaman (then CFCCT vice-president), Dr. John Richardson and Richardson's office manager Ralph Bowman were convicted of conspiring to smuggle laetrile. Bradford was fined $40,000, Richardson $20,000, and Salaman and Bowman $10,000 each [33]. In 1986, a U.S. Court of Appeals upheld a tax court assessment of more than $2 million in income taxes and penalties against Bradford for income derived from smuggling laetrile from Mexico into the United States. During the proceedings, the courts concluded that Bradford (a) engaged in illegal activities, (b) failed to file federal tax returns for four consecutive years, (c) failed to report substantial business income, his salary from Stanford, and the gain on the sale of his residence, all of which he knew constituted taxable income, (d) dealt in cash to avoid scrutiny of his finances, (e) filed false W-4's, (f) made efforts to conceal his laetrile distribution activities, (g) failed to make estimated tax payments; (h) failed to cooperate with the revenue agent during the audit examination; and (i) failed to maintain adequate records [34].
In 1980, a few days after the Mayo Clinic began its clinical trial of laetrile [35] the CFCCT sought a temporary restraining order. The suit charged that the amygdalin used for the test was "degraded" and would yield negative results that "would likely terminate both future testing and future use" of laetrile [36], the court ruled that the plaintiffs lacked standing to sue [37].
In 1984, the CFCM sued to intervene in Rutherford vs. United States, an action intended to stop the FDA from interfering with the sale of laetrile. The suit also sought to block interference with manufacturers, sellers, and distributors of supplies to unorthodox physicians, to cancer patients, and to others suffering from "chronic degenerative disease." Two months later, after Rutherford's attorneys and principal backers objected, CFCM's suit was withdrawn [38]. Rutherford eventually lost the suit.
In 1984, federal authorities in Texas seized a shipment of products that included injectable pangamic acid ("vitamin B15") marketed by American Biologics. The shipment was destroyed under court order [39].
In 1986, the FDA ordered American Biologics to stop making claims that a copper salicylate product (Arthrinol) was effective for "the temporary relief of minor aches and pains associated with arthritis, bursitis, neuritis, and rheumatism." [40] In 1988, the FDA ordered the company to stop selling calcium orotate, magnesium orotate, zinc orotate, evening primrose oil, and germanium products [41].
In 2004, the FDA ordered American Biologics to stop making illegal health claims for AB-fem Glandular, AB-Male Glandular, Flu Solve™, Candida Albicans, Ultra Brain Power™, Bronchostem™, Calcium A.E.P., Pancreas Glandular, Pituitary Glandular, and Sub-Adrene™ and Adrenal Cortex Extract [42].
In 2008, Robert Bradford, C.R.B. Inc (the parent company of American Biologics), the company's chief operating officer Brigitte G. Bird, and John R. Toth, M.D., a doctor from Kansas who was serving time in prison for negligently killing a patient, were indicted on federal charges of conspiring to violate federal food and drug laws and defraud individuals seeking medical care [43]. The case centered around (a) the marketing of a microscope used to falsely diagnose Lyme disease and (b) the sale of several phony products for treating it [44]. In 2009, the U.S. Attorney's office issued a superseding indictment that added Carole Bradford to the list of defendants [45]. All eventually pleaded guilty to count I of the superseding indictment: conspiring to commit mail fraud and introduce unapproved and misbranded drugs and a medical device into interstate commerce.
In 2011, the Bradfords, Byrd, and C.R.B were jointly ordered to pay restitution totaling $40,372 to two people who were treated at Hospital Ingles. C.R.B. was fined $1,000 plus a $400 asessment; the others were assed $100. All were placed on probation—the Bradfords and C.R.B. for five years and Byrd for three. Toth, who had already served 26 months in prison, was sentenced to time served. C.R.B. was permitted to remain in business but was barred from marketing drugs or medical devices with illegal claims. The court also imposed forfeture judgments (representing the proceeds obtained by the illegal activity), with Carole Bradford and C.R.B. jointly liable for $700,000, Robert Bradford jointly liable for $400,000, Toth jointly liable for $25,100, and Byrd jointly liable for $10,000 [46]. In his presentencing statement, Bradford told the court that he had metastatic prostate cancer and was advised in April 2010 that only 5% of patients with his condition survive three years [47]. He died on August 4, 2011 at the age of 80.
Advice to Consumers
In 1993, the American Cancer Society issued a position paper "strongly urging individuals with cancer not to seek treatment based on the recommendations of the Committee or its leaders." [48] Although the committee no longer exists, that advice is still prudent.
- Committee is changing its name. The Choice 10(1):3, 1984.
- Bradford RW. American Biologics Integrative Medical Center: There is only one! Letter to American Biologics' patients and friends, Nov 1999.
- Culbert ML. Vitamin B17: Forbidden Weapon against Cancer. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1974, p 21.
- Richardson J: Laetrile Case Histories. New York City: Bantam Books, 1977, p 88.
- Flyers for Committee for Freedom of Choice in Cancer Therapy symposia, 1973-1976, Chula Vista, Calif.
- The Committee for Freedom of Choice in Medicine vs. United States Food and Drug Administration, American Medical Association, American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute, and all divisions, state and local affiliates and similar or parallel organizations, public or private, of the above. Filed June 21, 1984.
- Hinkle-Babiel K. Letter to Stephen Barrett, MD, June 18, 1991.
- Barnett N (staff member of registrar's office, Stanford University). Telephone communication, June 1991.
- Deposition of Robert Bradford. Gilkey vs. Jacob Swilling et al.San Diego County Superior Court Case No. 689885, March 27, 1997.
- Deposition of Carole Bradford. Gilkey vs. Jacob Swilling et al.San Diego County Superior Court Case No. 689885, March 27, 1997.
- Carole conquers cancer: One woman's odyssey. The Choice 24(2): 24-30, 1998.
- Chowka PB. Carole Bradford's update on a long term cancer survivor and how she did it. The Choice 25(2):2-7, 1999.
- Silverstein MJ and others. Prognostic classification of breast ductal carcinoma-in-situ. Lancet 345:1154-1157 1995.
- Feldman P. Jury convicts Colton physician of cancer fraud. Los Angeles Times, October 4, 1985..
- Leary M. State pulls license of area doctor. San Bernardino Sun, February 13, 1992.
- Health Information for physicians and patients. Undated brochure distributed by the Bradford Foundation in the early 1980s.
- Culbert ML. Letter to American Cancer Society, July 1, 1991.
- Robert Bradford Research Institute. Tax return of private foundation, 9/13/88, 6/16/89, 5/9/90.
- Unproven methods of cancer management: National Health Federation. CA—A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 41:61-64, 1991.
- Committee for Freedom of Choice in Cancer Therapy: Report to committee chairmen and interested members, Dec 1981.
- Stunning results in Mexico. Herbal poultices demolish tumors at AB Hospital. The Choice 8(2):4, 1982.
- New research blasts 'standard' CA therapies. The Choice 16(1):1, 1990.
- Fedstapo targeting our medical freedom. The Choice 12(1):1, 1986.
- 'FDA-OK'd medications kill 100,000 a year.' The Choice 19(2):2, 1993.
- Culbert ML, Bradford RW, Rodriguez R. The cancer treatment experience at American Biologics-Mexico S.A. Medical Center: An overview of patients and treatments. Submitted in October 1987 to the Advisory Panel for Alternative and Adjunctive Therapy, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress.
- Claim forms submitted to a Blue Shield carrier through North American Health Insurance Coordinators, Houston, Texas, 1987-1988
- New therapies bloom at AB Hospital. The Choice 8(2):1, 1982.
- Bastyr College cites Bradford donations. The Choice 15(1,2): 33, 1989.
- 1982: Committee marks a decade of scientific innovation. The Choice 8(4):4-6, 1982.
- Culbert ML. Letter to the American Cancer Society, Atlanta, April 7, 1989.
- Committee for Freedom of Choice in Cancer Therapy, Chula Vista, CA. Periodic report to Attorney General of California, 10/31/83.
- Culbert ML. Affidavit in Herbert vs American Quack Association, March 9, 1988.
- Wilson B: The rise and fall of laetrile. Nutrition Forum 5:33-40, 1988.
- Opinion. In Bradford vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. U.S. Court of Appeals, 9th District, Aug 6, 1986,
- Moertel C and others. A clinical trial of amygdalin (Laetrile) in the treatment of human cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 306:201-206, 1982.
- Robert Bradford et al vs National Cancer Institute et al. Filed March 28, 1980, San Francisco.
- Court stops suit against NCI's 'phony' B17 test. The Choice 6(3):7, 1980.
- Monaco GP, Burke R. Suits aimed at antiquackery laws. Nutrition Forum 2:89-90, 1985.
- Summaries of court actions. FDA Consumer 20(6):39, 1986.
- Sawyer TL (Director, Compliance Branch, FDA, San Francisco). Regulatory letter to Robert W. Bradford, Aug. 27, 1986.
- Sawyer TL. Regulatory letter to Carole Bradford, Aug. 12, 1988.
- Walker SJ. Warning letter to Carol Bradford. Nov 30, 2004.
- Indictment. USA v. C.R.B. (dba American Biologics), Robert W. Bradford, Brigitte G. Bird, and John R. Toth. U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas. Case No. 08-20168, filed Dec 4, 2008.
- Barrett S. Some notes on the Bradford Variable Projection Microscope. Device Watch, June 30, 2009.
- Indictment charges California woman in Lyme disease fraud case. USDOJ news release, Sept 10, 2009.
- California residents sentenced for selling phony lyme disease cure. Press release, U.S. Attorney's Office, District of Kansas, March 2, 2011.
- Statement of issues pertinent to sentencing. USA vs. Robert W. Bradford,U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas. Case No. 08-20168, filed Feb 4, 2011.
- Questionable methods of cancer management: The Committee for Freedom of Choice in Medicine, Inc. CA—A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 43:117-123, 1993.
This article was revised on March 20, 2012.


text:
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. – Florida appears ready to exit a multistate effort to develop new tests to measure student learning, abandoning the initiative amid conservative activists' concerns that it represents federal overreach into the state's education system.
Gov. Rick Scott issued an executive order Monday ordering the state to end its role in helping handle the financial affairs of the Partnership for the Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers. The project, generally known as PARCC, has received a $186 million federal grant to develop tests for the "Common Core Standards" currently being taught in Florida schools.
Abandoning PARCC would not mean the state is ending the use of Common Core, though another action Scott took Monday could open that door. Instead, leaving the tests would mean that Florida officials would have to develop or buy another testing system to measure whether students are learning the new material.
Scott also called for the Florida Department of Education to hold three public hearings around the state on Common Core by Nov. 1. In a letter to State Board of Education Chairman Gary Chartrand, Scott said the hearings and other forms of public input should "identify any opportunities to strengthen or risks for federal intrusion in Florida's standards."
State officials say they're confident that new assessments could be up and running in time for the 2014-15 school year.
Scott's order represents a partial victory for a group of activists who have worried that despite PARCC's evolution as a state-led project, it could become a tool for the U.S. Department of Education to direct education policy nationwide. The governor echoed those concerns in a letter to Chartrand explaining his decision.
"To be clear, as Governor, I support Florida's high academic standards and strongly reject overreach into those standards and other areas of our education system by the federal government, including state assessments, curriculum and instructional materials," Scott wrote.
Education Commissioner Pam Stewart did not specifically list a concern that Scott had when asked why he was worried about the federal government's involvement.
"I think that this is the way for us to ensure that there is not federal overreach," she said.
Republican leaders who had already urged Scott to abandon the tests praised him for the executive order. But they suggested they were still on board with Common Core.
"The fact is that we had a system of evaluation that hadn't been invented yet that we were being asked to buy into," said Senate President Don Gaetz, R-Niceville. "I don't think that was fair for our students, for our teachers or for our families or our employers."
"But the idea of having high standards -- and I think Florida has helped lead the nation in that -- is an idea that we're not backing up one bit from," he continued.
Stewart said that PARCC could still win a competitive bidding process aimed at coming up with the testing system Florida will used. Given Scott's language about the tests, though, that seemed unlikely. Still, at least one key lawmaker on education issues held out hope.
"I think PARCC is on a respirator, if you will," said Sen. Bill Montford, D-Tallahassee. "And so what we have to do is, if it's going to revive, Florida needs to say, 'This is what we want, and if you can do it, fine, and if you can't, fine. We'll try another route.' "
Whatever the decision, the state has to move soon, said Patricia Levesque, executive director of the Foundation for Florida's Future. That organization, founded by former Gov. Jeb Bush, has strongly supported Common Core.
"I urge the Commissioner of Education and the State Board of Education to move quickly and carefully to make decisions regarding Florida?s assessment. ... In order to effectively field test Common Core-aligned assessments next spring, their decisions must be made soon," Levesque said in a statement issued by the foundation.
The fact that PARCC could return caused some concern for activists who have fought against Common Core generally and the tests specifically. John Hallman, who lobbies for conservative groups like the Florida Campaign for Liberty and Liberty First Network, expressed cautious optimism about Scott's move.
"On the other hand, I'll be honest -- I'm skeptical," he said.
Randy Osborne, who has lobbied against Common Core in the Legislature on behalf of the Florida Eagle Forum, said the state should remain opposed to PARCC.
"I think that, as we move through this process, that the state will do the right thing, the legislators will do the right thing and say that PARCC is something we can't accept," he said.


text: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is conducting hundreds of clinical trials to improve care for many types of cancer. Use the tool below to browse our list of clinical trials that are currently enrolling new pediatric patients. Each listing explains the purpose of the trial, the trial's eligibility criteria, and how to get more information.


text:
Anthony Marciano's film [pictured] stars Alain Chabat, Sandrine Kiberlain and Max Boubli.
Gaumont is kicking off sales on Anthony Marciano's Brats (Les Gamins) starring Alain Chabat as an adolescent father-in-law, caught up in a mid-life crisis, who tries to lead his daughter's fiancé astray.
It has been a busy year for Chabat: his live-action comedy Houba! On the Trail of the Marsupilami clocked up some five million admissions in France in the first half of 2012 and in between the release and Brats shoot, the actor also found time to hit the set of Michel Gondry's Blue Indigo.
Produced by Alain Goldman's Legende and also starring Sandrine Kiberlain and Max Boubli, Brats is due to hit French screens in April 2013.
Gaumont is also handling a second Legende production: Michel Youn's €16m comedy Viva La France, about terrorists with designs on the Eiffel Tower whose plans are blown when their plane re-routes to Corsica. The film will be released on 500 copies next February.
Other hot titles on the AFM slate include Guillaume Gallienne's semi-biographical comedy Me Myself and Mum about his "heterosexual coming-out" in the face of his mother's conviction that he was gay.
Gallienne stars opposite Diane Kruger and François Fabien in the film, which is currently shooting in France and then Spain. Germany's Concorde/TeleMunchen recently pre-bought the film.
Buyers will also have another opportunity to check Noémie Lvovsky's Camille Rewinds, which has sold 800,000 tickets in France since its release on Sept 12. Recent deals include to Germany (Movienet), CIS (Paradise) and Argentina (CDI).


text:
PTEditor is a Java based tool that displays a spherical panorama much the same way as PTViewer. It runs on any OS that has Java installed. If you want to start PTEditor by double click make sure JAR files are linked to the Java Virtual Machine.
Amongst other functions PTEditor provides a very convenient way to extract partial rectilinear views from spherical panoramas and insert them again after having edited them. PTEditor loads equirectangular panorama files in JPEG, PNG, TIFF or BMP format.
There is a nice Tutorial on How to use PTEditor and another one on How to allocate enough RAM for PTEditor on Windows.


text:
|The contents of this page are not supported by Mojang AB, the Minecraft Wiki, the Minecraft IRC channel or the Minecraft Forums.
Adds populated villages that can expand and trade with the player
|Compatible with
Millénaire is a mod that aims to "fill" the Minecraft world a little by adding pre-generated villages to it, with a loose 11th century theme to them. Those villages will appear occasionally in newly generated areas, with villagers of different kind working. You can trade with them, help them develop their village, and trade with them for items such as wood, and cider.
Villagers in each village perform specific tasks, such as Lumbermen collecting wood by chopping down trees and planting new saplings, farmers planting and harvesting crops, and traveling merchants moving between villages to trade.
For a full list of features and updates see the Millénaire Wiki page.
- 1 Features
- 1.1 Norman village types
- 1.1.1 Agricultural Village (Village Agricole)
- 1.1.2 Artisanal Village (Village d'artisans)
- 1.1.3 Ecclesiastic Village (Village écclesiastique)
- 1.1.4 Military Village (Village militaire)
- 1.1.5 Independent Town (Bourg Autonome)
- 1.1.6 Town (Gros Bourg)
- 1.1.7 Agricultural Hamlet (Hameau Agricole)
- 1.1.8 Ecclesiastic Hamlet (Hameau Abbatial)
- 1.1.9 Industrious Hamlet (Hameau Industrieux)
- 1.2 Hindi village types
- 1.3 Mayan village types
- 1.4 Japanese village types
- 1.5 Byzantine village types
- 1.6 Expansion of the Village
- 1.7 Trade with the Player
- 1.8 Finding a Village
- 1.9 Buildings
- 1.10 Norman villagers
- 1.11 Norman Items
- 1.11.1 Denier
- 1.11.2 Village Wand
- 1.11.3 Cider Apple (Pomme à cidre)
- 1.11.4 Cider (Cidre)
- 1.11.5 Calva
- 1.11.6 Tripes
- 1.11.7 Boudin noir
- 1.11.8 Raven Amulet (Amulette du Corbeau)
- 1.11.9 Amulet of the Dwarves (Amulette des Nains)
- 1.11.10 Amulet of Yggrasil (Amulette d'Yggrasil)
- 1.11.11 Norman Tools
- 1.11.12 Norman Armour
- 1.11.13 Norman Broadsword
- 1.11.14 Norman Tapestry (Tapisserie Normande)
- 1.11.15 Parchments (Parchemins)
- 1.1 Norman village types
- 2 Dependencies
Features[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Several cultures with several villages.
Norman village types[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Agricultural Village (Village Agricole)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
A village that deals mainly on food production. Start with a town hall, a lumberman hut, and two farms.
Artisanal Village (Village d'artisans)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
A village that provides tools, weapons, armor and other commodities but hoards a lot of resources. Starts with a town hall, cattle farm, and quarry
Ecclesiastic Village (Village écclesiastique)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
A village more of the religious order. Starts with an abbey, lumberman's hut, farm, and cattle farm
Military Village (Village militaire)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
This Settlement provides safety in the face of hostile monsters. Starts with a fort, two lumberman's hut's, and a pig farm
Independent Town (Bourg Autonome)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
A village that can sustain itself and expand on its own. Starts with a fort, lumberman's hut, farm
Town (Gros Bourg)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Gros Bourgs host only "advanced" buildings. They can have up to three hamlets surrounding them (depending on space available) and depend entirely on these hamlets for agricultural and construction goods. They start with a fort, two guardhouses, and an inn, and can be surrounded by an artisanal hamlet, agricultural hamlet, and/or ecclesiastical hamlet.
Agricultural Hamlet (Hameau Agricole)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Ecclesiastic Hamlet (Hameau Abbatial)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Industrious Hamlet (Hameau Industrieux)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Hindi village types[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
The second Culture added to Millénaire, the Indians are based on rice-growing villages from the Ganges valley and speak Hindi. Their villages are centred on Palaces, Forts and Chief's Houses. Their rich cooking is based on growing rice, Turmeric, sugar canes and raising chickens, from which the player can make vegetarian and chicken curries. They build mostly from mud bricks and cooked bricks, special blocks produced in a kiln. This culture has Dialogue for the villagers to speak when resting
Agricultural Village (Village Gaanv)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Military Village (Village Qila)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Palace (Village Mahal)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Agricultural Hamlet (Hameau Gaanv)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Military Hamlet (Hameau Qila)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Mayan village types[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
The third culture added to Millénaire, the Mayans were designed by MinerMiah. They live in military, agricultural, or religious villages and build huge stone and cobblestone structures. They can grow corn, from which they make Mayan food: Masa (corn tortillas) and Wah (a tortilla wrapped in chicken meat). They also create great Mayan sculptures and ornamental gold blocks with which to decorate their palaces and temples. This culture has dialogue for residents to speak, when they are not busy.
Japanese village types[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
The Japanese Culture is the fourth to be added to Millénaire. The Japanese have military, religious, or agricultural villages. Agricultural villages have either the usual farms or a sake brewery. Japanese buildings are very detailed and stunning, using paper walls and Timber frames. They farm Rice to make the food Udon and farm Wheat to make Thatch. They also have very good weapons such as the Tachi Sword, as well as two sets of armour. Japanese are from the Heian Period of Japan's History and are known as the Heian people.
Byzantine village types[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
The fifth Culture added to Millénaire was designed by Ticlon. The skillful Byzantines are the last remnants of the once great Roman Empire. Besides making wine from grapes and farming silk to make expensive icons, they also use tiles to recreate the legendary architecture of their ancestors. There are religious, military and retail-based villages. This culture has dialogue for the villagers to speak when they aren't busy.
Orthodox village (Chorio orthodoxo)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
The religious villages are led by patriarchs. Starts with the church, an architect's house, a lumberman's hut, two groves and a farm.
Military village (Chorio startiotike)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Equipped with a mighty fort and led by an as mighty centurios this villages focus on the production of tools. Starts with the fort, an architect's house, two lumberman's huts, two groves and a fisherman's hut.
Trading village (Chorio emporikos)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Currently the only village that is guaranteed to have a market hall. Starts with a town square, an architect's hut, a lumberman's hut, two groves, a fisherman's hut, a quarry and an inn.
Expansion of the Village[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
The main "aim" of the villagers is to improve their village. There is between six and ten initial villagers, but their number will grow as they have children and build new houses. They can also build new types of buildings and improve existing ones. For this they need building materials: wood, cobblestone, glass and stone. They can acquire the resources needed themselves or by trading from the player. There are four different types of villages, each with a slightly different set of buildings upon completion.
Trade with the Player[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
There are eight Norman locations at which the player can trade with the villagers: their Town Hall, Bakery, Tavern, Forge, Armoury, Pig Farm, Cattle Farm, and the Sheep Farm. (when built):
- Town Hall/Fort (present at start): you can sell wood, stone, cobblestone, iron and glass (plus extra blocks when building projects require them). Payment made in deniers, a special item. You can also buy wood there, Parchments and the "village wand".
- Bakery (when built): Buy Bread.
- Tavern (when built): Cider and in upgrade taverns Calva.
- Forge (when built): Norman Tools.
- Armoury (when built): Norman Broadsword and Armour.
- Pig Farm (when built): Boudin noir and Porkchops.
- Cattle Farm (when built): Tripes and Leather.
- Sheep Farm (when built): Wool, Eggs, and Feather.
To trade, players must go to one of the locations in question and stand near the chests. If no woman is around one will arrive shortly. Right-click on her to bring up the trade screen.
Finding a Village[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Press the "V" key will, if a village is nearby, display its name, the distance to it and the general direction. Most new worlds should have villages near the spawn point. If that doesn't work try the "N" key good luck!
Buildings[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Norman[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
- Norman Town Centres
- Abbaye (Abbey)
- Fort
- Mairie (Town Hall)
- Norman core buildings
- Archives du Village (Village Archives)
- Armurerie (Armory)
- Auberge (Inn)
- Boulangerie (Bakery)
- Carrière (Quarry)
- Chapelle and Eglise (Chapel/Church)
- Elevage Bovin (Cattle Farm)
- Elevage Ovin (Sheep & Chicken Farm)
- Elevage Porcin (Pig Farm)
- Ferme (Farm)
- Hutte de bûcheron (Lumberman's Hut)
- Forge
- Marchè (Market)
- Maison du garde (Guard House)
- Presbytère (Presbytery)
- Relais (Guest House)
- Taverne (Tavern)
- Tour de guet (Watchtower)
- Norman extra buildings
- Fontaine (Fountain)
- Grande Fontaine (Grand Fountain)
- Puit (Well)
- Norman player buildings
- Small lot (Petit terrain)
- Small house (Petite maison)
- Large lot (Grand terrain)
- Townhouse (Maison bourgeoise)
- Very large lot (Très grand terrain)
- Mansion (Hôtel particulier)
Hindi[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
- Hindi Town Centres
- Chief's House (Mukhiya ka Ghar)
- Fort (Qila)
- Palace (Mahal)
- Hindi core buildings
- Army Forge (Sena ka Bhati)
- Brick Kiln (Inta bhatta)
- Forge (Bhati)
- Grove (Kunja)
- Guest house (Chota Saraay)
- Inn (Saraay)
- Large House (Bhare Ghar / Dusra Ghar)
- Lumberman's hut (Lakarhara ka Ghar)
- Quarry (Sikaar)
- Paddy (Dhaan)
- Peasant's House (Kisaan ka Ghar)
- Priest's House (Pandit ka Ghar)
- Soldiers House (Sainik ka Ghar)
- Spice Garden (Masaalaa udyaana)
- Stone Carver's House (Muurtikaar ka Ghar)
- Sugarcane Plantation (Gannaa baagaana)
- Temple (Gaanv ka Mandir)
- Village archives (Puraalekhagar)
- Hindi extra buildings
- Well (Tandurust)
- Hindi player buildings
- Small lot (Choti saajisa)
- Small house (Chota ghar)
- Large lot (Bari saajisa)
- Very large lot (Visaala saajisa)
- Mansion (Bangla)
Mayan[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
- Mayan Town Centres
- Mayan core buildings
- Mayan extra buildings
- Mayan player buildings
Japanese[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
- Japanese Town Centres
- Japanese core buildings
- Japanese extra buildings
- Japanese player buildings
small hut big hut
Byzantine[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
- Byzantine Town Centres
- Byzantine core buildings
- Byzantine extra buildings
- Byzantine player buildings
Norman villagers[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
There are currently nine types of Norman villagers:
- Farmers: Grow crops in the fields around their house, and bring the resulting wheat back to their house chest.
- Lumbermen: Chop trees, plant new trees with saplings they get from destroying leaves, and gather cider apples from leaves as well. They put the wood and apples they gather in their house chests.
- Miners: Mines for stone and cobblestone for construction, and sand for the making of glass.
- Animal Farmers: There are three types of farmers; Pig farmers, Sheep and Chicken farmers and Cattle farmers that make a living out of the resources they gain from their respective farms.
- Wives: Have the most complex work: taking resources from their husbands' work to the various public buildings, making bread from wheat, making cider from cider apples, trading with the player and building new constructions.
- Children: Born at night, and which grow up to become adults when bread is available and new houses are built.
- Guards: Patrol the village, will attack you if you attack a villager.
- Priests: Visit the church.
- Smiths: Makes Norman tools in the forge, swords and armor in the armoury.
Norman Items[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Denier[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
The currency used by the villages for trading with the player. Comes in three values: normal, argent (silver) worth 64 regular ones, and or (gold), worth 64 argent.
Village Wand[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
The Village Wand is used to create new villages. To do so, equip the Village Wand and right click on:
- A Gold Block to choose which village to create.
- An Obsidian block to create random village.
Cider Apple (Pomme à cidre)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
This inedible apple is collected by lumbermen and used to make Cider and Calva .
Cider (Cidre)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Made by villagers from cider apples, this refreshing drink heals two hearts and can be used three times.
Calva[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
More properly known as Calvados, This apple brandy from Normandy heals two hearts and can be used ten times. It is made from Cider at the tavern.
Tripes[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
This famous Norman dish is just the thing to have after a long time spent working outside in the cold, or after a nasty Minecraft fall. It heals five hearts and can be used three times.
Boudin noir[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Almost as good as Tripes, Boudin noir heals three hearts and can be used three times.
Raven Amulet (Amulette du Corbeau)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
This amulet dedicated to Odin will warn you of incoming danger by lighting up if an unnatural creature is near. Useful to avoid them - or to seek them out. The Amulet can be bought from the Viking merchant at the market. It has a colored circle in the center. The color gradually changes as mobs get nearer, from light blue (like diamond items) to bright red.
Amulet of the Dwarves (Amulette des Nains)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Brought to the Norman shores by the Vikings and crafted in the shape of Thor's hammer, the Amulet of the Dwarves will guide you to the Earth's riches. The Amulet can be bought from the Viking merchant at the market. The bottom of the amulet glows bright yellow when there is an ore vein in your vicinity, though it does not point to which direction.
Amulet of Yggrasil (Amulette d'Yggrasil)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Engraved with Yggrasil, the World Tree of Norse mythology whose roots reach the bottom of the world and whose branches touch the tip of the sky, this amulet will ensure you always know how high or deep you are. The Amulet can be bought from the Viking merchant at the market.
Norman Tools[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
The Millenaire mod also has its own set of tools which can be obtained from a stocked Forge.
Norman Armour[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
The Norman Armour set gives you an extra 50% more protection than the Diamond Armour set. It is really good and gives a lot of armor.
Norman Broadsword[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
This sword has more durability and strength than a diamond sword.
Norman Tapestry (Tapisserie Normande)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
Hand-made by the fort's lady in person, those epic tapestries will decorate the most sumptuous banking halls. Designs are taken from the Bayeux Tapestry, with the biggest a massive 15x3 depiction of William the Conqueror's fleet sailing for England. This item is acquired by selling wool in the fort. When you do so, the Lady in the Fort will start making them, and they will be for sale.
Parchments (Parchemins)[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
These are in-game Millenaire parchments that give you a brief description of the Buildings, Items, and/or Villagers. There is also one parchment you may buy that has all information about that culture's villages.
Dependencies[επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]
- Forge
|Supported Mods
|Other Mods
|Add-ons (PE)


text:
A contender for most spiteful father of 2012 has emerged and his name, according to the New York Post, is the late Frank Mandelbaum, whose death in 2007 has not prevented him from trying to shame his gay son from beyond the grave. Mandelbaum's will stipulated that his son Robert's future progeny would not receive any of the old patriarch's money should Robert "not be married to the child's mother within six months of the child's birth."
Robert Mandelbaum, a Manhattan Criminal Court Judge, married his longtime partner Jonathan O'Donnell just after the birth via surrogate of their 16-month-old son, who, according to the terms of his grandfather's will, does not have a stake in the $180,000 trust set aside for the Mandelbaum grandkids. Robert is hoping the Manhattan Surrogate's Court will approve a settlement that dismisses Frank Mandelbaum's demand as discriminatory and against New York law, since it requires Robert Mandelbaum "to enter into a sham marriage," and therefore violates a state law aimed at promoting marriage equality.
Though Frank Mandelbaum sounds a little bit like Cornelius Hawthorne minus the ivory wig, there's some evidence that the stipulation for Robert to marry the mother of his child came as a little bit of a shock. According to court papers filed by Robert, his parents both knew he was gay, since he and O'Donnell attended family dinners and went on family excursions with very little eyebrow raising.
Manhattan businessman's will ordered gay son to marry woman who gave birth to his child [NY Post]
Image via NotarYES/Shutterstock.