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Registration now closed for WS 2017/2018
There is only limited capacity for the running semester due to organisational changes in the running semester. The seminar is open for our cooperation partner from Ghana.
Health care systems are complex and usually not well understood. This course provides a structured introduction into how health care systems are organized, financed and regulated. Units will provide a general introduction into the framework and functions of health care systems, into coverage (of persons and benefits), into resource mobilization, pooling and allocation to third-party payers, purchasing and third party payer-provider relationships, regulation of health care providers as well as questions regarding the public-private mix. Well-known types of health care systems ("Bismarck", NHs etc.) will be presented and discussed. Participants should have a prior knowledge of health care and are expected to read and discuss the course material (literature listed below and presentation slides as they are made available during the course).
|Semester (WS/SS)
|Managing and researching health care systems
Introduction and frameworks
Papanicolas I (2013). International frameworks for health system comparison. In I. Papanicolas & P. C. Smith (Eds.), Health System Performance Comparison. An agenda for policy, information and research, pp. 31-75. Berkshire: Open University Press.
World Health Organization (2000). World Health Report Health systems: improving performance. Geneva: WHO Document Production Services. http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/
World Health Organization (2007). Everybody's business: Strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes. WHO's framework for action. Geneva: WHO Document Production Services. http://www.who.int/healthsystems/strategy/everybodys_business.pdf
Health care financing
Thomson S., Foubister T., Mossialos E. (2009.) Health care financing in the European Union. In S. Thomson, T. Foubister, E. Mossialos (Eds.), Financing health care in the European Union. Challenges and policy responses, pp. 23-26. Copenhagen. http://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/health-at-a-glance-19991312.htm
Kutzin J. (2008). Health financing policy: a guide for decision-makers. Health financing policy paper. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/78871/E91422.pdf
Mills A (2014). Health Care Systems in Low- and Middle- Income Countries. The New England Journal of Medicine 370 (6): 552-557 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1110897#t=article
World Health organization (2010). Health Systems Financing. The path to universal coverage. Geneva: WHO Press. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/whr/2010/10_summary_en.pdf?ua=1.
Busse R. Figueras, J., Robinson R., & Jakubowski E. (2007). Strategic purchasing to improve health system performance: key issues and international trends. HealthCare papers, 8, 62-76. https://www.mig.tu-berlin.de/fileadmin/a38331600/2007.publications/HP_vol8_SpIssue_busse_purchasing.pdf
Mathauer I, Dale E, Meessen B. Strategic purchasing for Universal Health Coverage: key policy issues and questions. A summary from expert and practitioners' discussions Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/259423/1/9789241513319-eng.pdf
Ellis, R. P. & Miller, M. M. 2009. Provider Payment Methods and Incentives. In: CARRIN, G. (ed.) Health systems policy, finance, and organization. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press:
Kronick R, Casalino LP, Bindman AB (2015): Introduction. Apple Pickers or Federal Judges: Strong versus Weak Incentives in Physician Payment. Health Serv Res. 2015 50(2):2049-56
Mathauer I, Wittenbecher F (2013): Hospital payment systems based on diagnosis-related groups: experiences in low- and middle-income countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2013;91:746-756A. doi: dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.12.115931
Quentin, W., D. Scheller-Kreinsen, M. Blumel, A. Geissler and R. Busse (2013). "Hospital payment based on diagnosis-related groups differs in Europe and holds lessons for the United States." Health Aff (Millwood) 32(4): 713-723.
Sidibé M, Campbell J (2015) Reversing a global health workforce crisis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Geneva: 93:3. Available at: http://www.who.int/workforcealliance/media/news/2015/reversing_crisis/en/
The Economist (2012). Squeezing out the doctor. The role of physicians at the centre of health care is under pressure. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/21556227.
The Guardian (2014). Task shifting explained: a viable solution to health worker shortage?, Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2014/may/12/task-shifting-health-development-shortage.
Leadership and governance
Greer L S., Wismar M., Figueras J. (2016). Strengthening Health System Governace. Better policies, stronger performance. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/307939/Strengthening-health-system-governance-better-policies-stronger-performance.pdf.
Busse R., von der Grinten T., Svensson P. (2002). Regulating entrepreneurial behaviour in hospitals: theory and practice. In Saltman R. B., Busse R., & Mossialos, E. (Eds.), Regulating entrepreneurial behaviour in European health care systems, pp. 126-146. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Masseria C., Irwin R., Thomson S., Gemmill M. & Mossialos E. (2009). Primary care in Europe. Policy brief. Retrieved from https://lms.fu-berlin.de/bbcswebdav/pid-3266487-dt-content-rid-5323452_2/courses/CUB_BSPH_Sem2_HPE1/LSE%20%282009%29%20Primary%20care%20in%20Europe_policy%20brief.pdf.
OECD (2017). Health at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/health-at-a-glance-19991312.htm
Medical products and technologies
Panteli D, Arickx F, Cleemput I, Dedet G, Eckhardt H, Fogarty E, Gerkens S, Henschke C, Hislop J, Jommi C, Kaitelidou D, Kawalec P, Keskimäki I, Kroneman M, Lopez Bastida J, Pita Barros P, Ramsberg J, Schneider P, Spillane S, Vogler S, Vuorenkoski L, Wallach Kildemoes H, Wouters O, Busse R. (2016). Pharmaceutical regulation in 15 European countries: Review. Health Systems in Transition, 18(5):1–118, http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/partners/observatory/publications/health-system-reviews-hits/full-list-of-country-hits/special-edition-pharmaceutical-regulation-in-15-european-countries-2016.
Coverage and access
World Health Organization (2013). Research for Universal Health Coverage. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85761/2/9789240690837_eng.pdf?ua=1
Evans B. D., Hsu J., Boerma T. (2013). Universal health coverage and universal access. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91, 546-546A. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.13.125450 [PDF]
Cotlear, D., Nagpal S., Smith O., Tandon A., Cortez R. (2015). Going Universal: How 24 Developing Countries are Implementing Universal Health Coverage Reforms from the Bottom Up. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Legido-Quigley H., McKee M., Nolte E., A Glinos I. (2008). Quality of care: an overview. In Legido-Quigley H., McKee M., Nolte E., A Glinos I. (Eds.), Assuring the quality of health care in the European Union, pp. 1-15. Geneva: WHO Press.
Financial protection
Moreno-Serra R., Millett C., Smith P. C. (2011). Towards improved measurement of financial protection in health. PLoS Med, 8(9), e1001087.
Saksena P, Hsu J, Evans DB (2014) Financial Risk Protection and Universal Health Coverage: Evidence and Measurement Challenges. PLOS Medicine 11(9): e1001701. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001701
Thomson S., Figueras J., Evetovits T., Jowett M., Mladovsky P., Maresso A., Cylus J., Karanikolos M., Kluge H. (2014). Economic crisis, health systems and health in Europe: impact and implications for policy. Policy summary. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/257579/Economic-crisis-health-systems-Europe-impact-implications-policy.pdf?ua=1.
Improved Health
Murray, C. J., Salomon, J. A., & Mathers, C. (2000). A critical examination of summary measures of population health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(8), 981-994. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/57524/1/99-0102.pdf
Mackenbach, Johan P., et al. "Using 'amenable mortality'as indicator of healthcare effectiveness in international comparisons: results of a validation study." J Epidemiol Community Health (2012): jech-2012. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231212106_Using_'Amenable_Mortality'_as_Indicator_of_Healthcare_Effectiveness_in_International_Comparisons_Results_of_a_Validation_Study
Cylus, J., Papanicolas, I., & Smith, P. C. (2016). A framework for thinking about health system efficiency. Health System Efficiency, 1. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/324283/Health-System-Efficiency-How-make-measurement-matter-policy-management.pdf?ua=1#page=24
Busse, R. (2013). Understanding satisfaction, responsiveness and experience with the health system. Health System Performance Comparison: An Agenda for Policy, Information and Research, 255-80. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/244836/Health-System-Performance-Comparison.pdf
Health System Performance Assessment
Papanicolas I, Smith P (2013): Health system performance comparison: an agenda for policy, information and research. Policy summary , 4 . Open University Press, Maidenhead, UK. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/54802/1/__libfile_REPOSITORY_Content_Papanicolas,%20I_Health%20system%20performance_Papanicolas_Health%20system%20performance_2013.pdf
|block course for 2 weeks
|Prof. Dr. Reinhard Busse
Dr. Wilm Quentin
Please note that the course will be held as a block course with lectures starting at 9am. Unless otherwise indicated, the course is held in C313. Please note, that we also offer a social programme for the two weeks (for instance on Tuesday, November 21st). This is a preliminary schedule of the course.
The following topics are going to be adressed this year:
|Introduction and Outline of the course (15:00-17:00 Uhr)
|Introduction and frameworks (09:00-12:00 Uhr)
Financing I: Raising resources (13:30- 17:00 Uhr)
Networking event (from 19:00 Uhr onwards)
|Seminar on health system relevant databases and information for term paper (10:00-12:00 Uhr)
Financing II: Pooling and re-allocation (13:30-17:00 Uhr)
|Financing III: Purchasing and payment systems (09:00-12:00 Uhr)
Leadership and Governance + Care Delivery (13:30-17:00 Uhr)
|Medical products (09:00-12:00 Uhr)
Introduction to group exercise (10:30-12:00 Uhr)
Workforce (13:30-17:00 Uhr)
|Preliminary Summary of building blocks (09:00-10:30 Uhr)
Presentation by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) on health cooperations worldwide (10:30-12:00)
Access and coverage (13:30-17:00 Uhr)
|Quality and Safety (09:00-12:00 Uhr)
Financial and Social Risk Protection (13:30-17:00 Uhr)
|Group work to prepare for presentation
Improved Health (13:30-17:00 Uhr)
|Efficiency and Responsiveness (09:00-12:00 Uhr)
Summary of Health System Performance Assessment (13:30-17:00 Uhr)
|Presentations and Wrap-up (09:00-12:00 Uhr)
Students wishing to receive a graded certificate
Please choose a country (your own, one you have recently been to, are currently in or are about to go). Describe and analyse the health care system in that country along the following lines:
- Outline the organization, regulation and financing of health care. Please be sure to incorporate a discussion of the various actors, the various functions of health care systems (resource generation, pooling etc.) and on the public-private mix as discussed during the course.
- What, if any, major reforms have been introduced recently or are about to be introduced? What will be the likely effect on the population and the various actors?
- What, in your opinion, are the main problems currently facing the health care system? Are they appropriately addressed by current health care reforms?
Be sure to make good use of the material collected during the course (slides and reading material) as well as other material, especially that provided by the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.
Please aim at a length of approx. 3000-4000 words. Assignments must be submitted in English.
Deadline: 31.05.2018; submission per email to Anne Spranger.


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ORLANDO, Fla. – Hackers are making fake apps to scam you, steal your personal information and rip you off. The fake apps appear in the app stores and are disguised to appear like the real thing.
The danger is bigger than just wasting a couple bucks on an app that doesn't work.
They could hack your Facebook, for example, or Twitter," said Orlando tech expert Carlos Carbonell of Echo Interaction Group. "They can also access banking info."
Carbonell said some fake apps may have a component that works. He gave the example of a kitchen timer app they may function, but also access your contact information and send you spam. Carbonell said the problem is growing.
Carbonell said he estimated there were about 11,000 fake apps, including a couple fake apps for Netflix.
"And this is last year, so there's probably potentially, from 2011 to 2013 that number quadrupled, so within one year it's probably potentially doubled if not tripled," he said.
But there are ways to protect yourself. Carbonella suggests going to the official site to download the app, such as netflix.com, rather than searching in an app store.
He also suggests checking out the developer of a specific app within the app store, to make sure it matches the name of the company. For example, the real Netflix app is made by Netflix Inc., and not a random developer.
But you need to be careful because some hackers slightly tweak the name of the developer to trick you. There were several fake Google apps on sale for $1.99 in the Windows phone app store recently. The imposter said Google, Inc. was the developer, but the real Google Inc. doesn't have a comma in between Google and Inc.
People who bought the fake Google apps wasted $1.99 on apps that didn't work. The real Google apps are free. Another example of a fake app that reportedly fooled people was one called Virus Shield, which sold for $3.99. People paid money for an app that didn't do anything.
Carbonella shared another tip to protect yourself.
"Make sure there are reputable reviews for the app from other people who have downloaded it," he said. "You can also click on the developer's info and see what other apps they've created. So if that's the only app they've developed, it may not be a reputable developer's."
Consumers using an Android device, like a Samsung smartphone, are at a higher risk than those using an iPhone device by Apple, Carbonella said. That's because it's a lot easier for developers -- and hackers -- to upload an app to the Android app store than to Apple's app store.

subset: commoncrawl


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Elton John Pictures With Son Zachary
Elton John and David Furnish Show Baby Zachary the Joys of Yacht Life!
Elton John and David Furnish Show Baby Zachary the Joys of Yacht Life!
Elton John and his husband, David Furnish, brought their baby, Zachary, along for a trip to Venice for the Biennale. The trio played on the boat's deck yesterday afternoon, with David keeping a watchful eye on their young son. David also made time for a quick onboard haircut while Elton welcomed one of their friends aboard. The couple has been making the social rounds during the Venice Biennale, and Elton apparently even added some artwork to his collection with the purchase of a piece from an exhibition called The Future Generation. Elton broke from the creative proceedings in Italy, though, to recently write a letter to Florida governor Rick Scott to advocate against changing the eligibility laws for access to HIV drugs in the Sunshine State.


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As an online platform for fashion, we connect customers, brands and partners.
Enabling brands to accelerate their online business
To be a sustainable fashion platform with a net-positive impact for people and the planet
Whether you're looking for annual or interim reports, you can download our financial publications here.
Here, you will find press releases, exciting stories and background information from the world of Zalando.
Head-to-toe fashion expertly tailored to you
Hello Pre-owned! Starting today, our customers in 🇩🇪 & 🇪🇸 can trade in and buy pre-owned fashion at Zalando. Read more about the new offer and which countries it will go to next here:
Today we answer the European Commission's consultations on #DigitalServicesAct & #NewCompetitionTool. @DSMeu
Platform responsibility and rules for gatekeeper platforms are necessary steps for fairness & a thriving digital economy. If you have any questions, do reach out to us!
The fashion industry will have to cut carbon emissions in half by 2030 according to the latest report from our partner @GFA. We fully support this and will cut our carbon emissions from our own operations by 80 percent by 2025. Read the full report here: bit.ly/FashionOnClima…
From today, ARKET, the latest of H&M group's brands, launches on Zalando and is available for our customers in all 17 markets.
CFO David Schröder, "In the past months we have proven the strength and agility of Zalando in many ways, no matter how challenging the environment. 💪 #Zalando#Platform#ZAL#ecommercecorporate.zalando.com/en/investor-re…
On the way to becoming the Starting Point for Fashion, Zalando now serves more than 34 million active customers across Europe. 🛍 #StartingPointForFashion#ZAL#ecommercecorporate.zalando.com/en/investor-re…
Despite a challenging trading environment, we have grown strongly and profitably in the first half of 2020. GMV grew by 25.1 percent to 4.72 billion euros and revenue grew by 19.6 percent to 3.56 billion euros.📈 🙌 #Zalando#Platform#ZAL#ecommercecorporate.zalando.com/en/investor-re…
Stefano Balestra, Director Marketing Strategy & Operations bei @ZMS_Zalando und das Gesicht hinter @Collabary_com, verrät, wie Marken die drei Influencer Marketing Cs – Credibility, Change und Customer Centricity – in Zukunft meistern
Stefano Balestra, Director Marketing Strategy & Operations at @ZMS_Zalando and the face behind @Collabary_com, shares how brands can nail the three Cs of influencer marketing: credibility, change and customer centricity


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Corning Optical Communications LLC, part of Corning Incorporated's (NYSE:GLW) Telecommunications segment, will highlight user-focused data center innovations at Data Center World®, March 18-22, in Las Vegas.
Corning Optical Communications' exhibit (booth #1231) will showcase a variety of optical fiber cabling solutions for data center applications, particularly Pretium EDGE® Solutions. Enabled by Corning® ClearCurve® bend-insensitive OM3 and OM4 multimode fibers, Pretium EDGE Solutions allow for up to 35 percent faster deployment; up to 25 percent faster moves, adds and changes (MACs); and up to 100 percent more density than traditional preterminated solutions. Corning's Plug & Play™ Universal Systems for data centers will also be on display side-by-side with Pretium EDGE Solutions.
At 7:30 p.m. Wednesday, March 21, David Kozischek, market manager for Corning Optical Communications, will present "Cabling Infrastructure for Advanced Data Center Designs." This presentation will provide a thorough overview of data center networking protocols, to include fiber type and performance requirements.
For additional information on Corning Optical Communications products and services, contact a customer service representative at 1-800-743-2675, toll free in the United States; or (+1) 828-901-5000, international; or visit the website at www.corning.com/opcomm.
About Data Center World Conference
Data Center World, operated by AFCOM, the world's leading 4,000-member data center association, is the industry's premier networking and educational conference, and occurs bi-annually. Thousands of data center professionals, from many of the largest corporations across all industries, government organizations, and academic institutions in the world, attend Data Center World to share, discuss and learn about the latest data center trends, technologies and best practices, as well as products and services by some of the world's leading data center technology and service providers. Tradeshow Week previously recognized Data Center World as one of the 50 fastest growing shows in the U.S. (2006, 2007 and 2008). For more information, visit www.datacenterworld.com.
About AFCOM
AFCOM (www.afcom.com) is a leading association supporting the educational and professional development needs of data center professionals around the globe. Established in 1980, AFCOM currently boasts more than 4,000 members and 40 chapters worldwide, and provides data center professionals with unique networking opportunities and educational forums and resources through its annual Data Center World Conferences, published magazines, regional chapters, research and hotline services, and industry alliances.
About Corning Incorporated
Corning Incorporated (www.corning.com) is the world leader in specialty glass and ceramics. Drawing on more than 160 years of materials science and process engineering knowledge, Corning creates and makes keystone components that enable high-technology systems for consumer electronics, mobile emissions control, telecommunications and life sciences. Our products include glass substrates for LCD televisions, computer monitors and laptops; ceramic substrates and filters for mobile emission control systems; optical fiber, cable, hardware & equipment for telecommunications networks; optical biosensors for drug discovery; and other advanced optics and specialty glass solutions for a number of industries including semiconductor, aerospace, defense, astronomy and metrology.


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Dekalog 7
'Thou Shalt Not Steal'
In the seventh episode Kieslowski poses the question of whether you can steal something that is already yours. The world we live in is so complex and there are simple thefts and subtle forms of theft. A young woman, Majka (Maja Barelkowska) is planning to leave for Canada and at the passport office she also wants to obtain a child's passport and that requires the mother's signed permission. Majka is Ania's birth mother, which in the eyes of law could be challenged. The same evening a girl of six, Ania (Katarzyna Piwowarczyk), is crying in a nightmare and Majka attempts to comfort her. The effort ends in failure though when their mother Ewa (Anna Polony) takes charge. The father, Stefan (Wladyslaw Kowalski), holds and soothes Majka, even as Ewa is doing the same with Ania. Could the two women with a child in between live in amity? For a casual observer they represent a happy family but between the women there is an undercurrent of tension. Majka was underage when she became pregnant so Ewa steps in for all intents and purposes as the mother. Ewa wants the sole control over Ania. (The irony is that Ania is actually sired by a young teacher, Wojtek (Boguslaw Linda), from the school where Ewa is headmistress.)
On the following day Ewa takes Ania to a pantomime with all of the other mothers and kids. However, Majka manages to take the child out of the building and disappear. Ania is a pawn in the tug-of- war and is the ultimate loser. As with the first Dekalog 7 proves Kieslowski's to write for and direct children. He presents an extremely believable and thoroughly tragic commentary on the Commandment that essentially related to material goods. Stealing money and stealing affection are on the same scale but in the eyes of law are not punished equally.
Dekalog 8
'Thou Shalt Not Bear False Witness'
In the woods close to a familiar apartment complex an old lady, Zofia (Maria Koscialkowska), jogs carefully and she exchanges a few words with her stamp-collecting neighbour and prepares for work. She is a professor of ethics within Warsaw University. That day as usual she takes class with Elzbieta (Teresa Marczewska), an American translator of Zofia's work, sitting in.
During the session when Zofia comments on a true-life tale, and impresses upon her students the point that a child's life is of paramount importance, Elzbieta feels compelled to relate another tale. In this one, set in 1943, a 6 year-old Jewish girl is about to be lodged with some willing Catholic protectors, since her parents are in the ghetto. Unfortunately, at the last minute, the man and woman renege on their promise, leaving the child to an uncertain fate. A tragic story without a doubt but Zofia seems shaken far more deeply than the situation warrants, suggesting a hidden connection (since she is of roughly the correct age for wartime exploits). The question is, how does Elzbieta know the story and why is she choosing now to have her say?
Advancing in years and well grounded in logic and ethics do not remove life's incidents perhaps forgotten or glossed over. Elzbieta and Sofia meets accidentally and yet there are points in the past that connect them.
Motives and actions do not exactly match point to point. An action carries so many overtones, some of which are of contrary to what is done. This point is brought home to Sofia by her translator.


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For ETERNA, sustainability is not just a promise, but a way of life. ETERNA guarantees this with the exclusive GOOD SHIRT seal.
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Shooting squirrels, blowing stuff up, and trying not to eat raccoon droppings — it's funny how much real life can be like a video game, ain't it?
I have not seen a single episode of the hit reality show Duck Dynasty. All I know is the mobile game tie-in isn't all that bad, and the longer my beard grows the friendlier people in Walmart get. If we did not have Wikipedia, I would assume they were a family that survives solely on selling their likeness for cheap crap in the hunting section at the back of the store.
But we do have Wikipedia, so I now know the fourth season premiere was the most-watched nonfiction telecast in cable history. Still not watching. Don't want someone else taking credit for my beard.
Anyway, the game. It's WarioWare-style mini-games with a leveling system tacked on, allowing players to customize their increasingly redneckified avatar. Marvel as I transform from Sean Hannity to Sean Hannity on the weekend.
Duck Dynasty: Battle of the Beards is now available on iPhone and iPod Touch for $.99 and iPad for $1.99. Rednecks do not understand the concept of universal apps, I guess.


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Brandt Engineered Products delivers complete finishing floor solutions for tube & pipe applications.
Cabrol Group is an Integrated Steel Cable Reels Company with 3 manufacturing units (2 in India, 1 in Oman) and an Assembly unit & Marketing office in the USA. We have an in-house drum designing
40 years of excellence in armoured engineering solutions Established in Canada in 1979 Calmecs founders and associates had a vision and passion for precision design and mastery in fabrication
There Really Is No Standard Furnace... CAN-ENG Furnaces International Limited has the depth of experience to custom engineer heat treating equipment for the most demanding application. We pride
Consolidated Wire Industries, known as CWI, has been manufacturing premium mild steel wire and wire products in South Africa since 1949, producing wire for local and international markets alike.
Leading Ukrainian manufacturer of wide range of Steel Wires: BAW, Galvanized, Galfan, Welding, Spring, Fiber wire. Wire products: Steel fiber, Nails, Bremer rings.
PrJSC "Dneprospetsstal" is a key manufacturer of special stainless steels in the CIS market and an undisputed Ukrainian leader in this market segment. Dneprospetsstal, as the largest international
DynaIndustrial is a custom design, engineering and manufacturing company. For over 42 years, DynaIndustrial has been successfully solving the pipe mills most challenging problems with innovative
PROMINVEST PLASTIC was founded in 1993 as a science-based and production company. Now we are among the leaders of halogen-free (HF) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) compounds development and production to
Suppliers of wiper pads to many different customers for over twenty years Proven track record - our customers trust our quality and delivery reliability
Company Garant Metiz Invest, was founded in 2005 in Dnepropetrovsk. As part of the 10 people it had worked out a business construction plan of metal products for the plant. In 2006, the company
Hendok Group is a family owned and managed business established upon a solid bedrock of family values. Advancing our community is a central consideration in all our business activities from our
The I.C.E. Group, a Canadian industrial and combustion equipment company was established in 1958. For almost fifty years, it provided excellence in design, engineering, manufacturing and service to
IT-Enterprise history began in 1987 with a small team. Today it has more than 350 skilled professionals, and IT-Enterprise — is among the leading providers of the IT solutions for medium and large
"We partner with our customers to increase product reliability and productivity by providing integrated, quality, custom-designed solutions in Non Destructive Testing."
Kalmark Integrated Systems is the industry leader in the manufacturing of rotating equipment for wire & cable production. Equipment can be used to produce electrical wire and cable, steel rope,
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"I have followed your blog over the years and thank you for your posts and many insightful information.
I know you do not use tax software to prepare returns. I am curious to know your process of performing returns by hand. I admire your persistence in not using tax preparer software. Do you copy/paste your clients' name and information from one year to the next? Do you triple check the return and tax calculations? I am a younger tax preparer with ten years of experience and I know that with my 'fat' fingers I would make many mistakes filing returns by hand.
In addition, do you perform write-up work and payroll/payroll tax returns by hand as well?
This would be a great blog post."
It might be a good past at that – so here goes.
First off - I do use General Ledger software to prepare the one regular payroll that I still do and for "write-up" work. I expect that I would no longer either prepare a regular periodic payroll or "keep books" by hand anymore.
The GL program that I use exclusively – ONE WRITE PLUS - is no longer available. It was purchased by Peachtree years ago as a way of doing away with competition. I started using it, the first software package I ever did, in the mid-1980s and it has served me well all these years. I have never used Quickbooks or Microsoft Money, nor have I ever used EXCEL or any "spreadsheet" program. The only other GL program I have used, briefly for one client back in the late 1980s, was DAC EASY.
I do the 990 and LM forms (and quarterly 941s) for a local of the Social Security employees union. I do not keep the books during the year – that is done by the Treasurer. In January the Treasurer emails me the year-end trial balance print out and I prepare old-fashioned standard manual "workpapers" to bring it from preliminary TB to Income Statement and Balance Sheet.
I prepare all the Form 941s for all of my remaining business clients manually. I am required to file all NJ payroll and sales tax returns electronically – there is no manual alternative. I do not use any outside software package – I prepare and submit the returns via the NJ Division of Taxation website (as I prepare and submit many NJ-1040s via NJWebFile) and make payments thru the NJDOT system by "electronic check".
And now on to the main question.
Having prepared tax returns manually for 39 years I have developed a process or routine that I feel actually takes less time then if I had to input all the individual information into a software package. I obviously begin by organizing all the documentation and working through the 1040 from there.
First I divide the W-2 forms into three groupings – Copy B for "Sam", Copy 2 for the state and Copy C for the client – and run three sets of tapes. I always attempt to reconcile differences in the total federal and state wages, and can do so in most cases. This is especially important with the NJ-1040, as Section 125 health insurance premiums and FSA amounts are not "pre-tax" for NJ state tax purposes, and these items can be included in the state's deduction for medical expenses (one of the very few deductions allowed against NJ gross income).
I have no idea what is meant by asking me "Do you copy/paste your clients' name and information from one year to the next?". I hand write the returns with a pen, so how would I do this?
FYI my handwriting of numbers is, if I may be allowed to toot my own horn, practically flawless. And I do use a ruler to make sure they are straight. The IRS and state tax agencies have no problem reading my numbers – and my manual returns have literally be called "works of art" by both fellow tax preparers and the IRS.
I do triple check the finished returns – something that should not be limited to manual returns. Tax returns generated by software should also be triple checked in the same manner.
I run three series of adding machine tapes – verifying net taxable income three different ways.
The first is a tape adding and subtracting, as appropriate, the numbers on pages 1 and 2 of the Form 1040.
I next run a continuous tape of all the numbers on all the forms and schedules in the return – Schedules A, B, C, D, and E and so on – and any unattached worksheets used to determine entries on the 1040 in the order the information appears on Page 1 and 2. For example, I would add the wages and other income numbers of Page 1 (that are not carryforward from an internal form or schedule or unattached worksheet) and the individual entries from each internal form and schedule and unattached worksheet that are carried over to Page 1, subtract the adjustments to income in the same way (using the individual entries from any internal forms and schedules and unattached worksheets), subtract either the individual components of the Standard Deduction or the individual items from Schedule A, including any individual items of deduction or adjustment from unattached worksheets, and each personal exemption individually. The total from both of these first two sets should be exactly the same. If they are not I go back and check the additions and subtractions of individual items on each of the internal forms and schedules and unattached worksheets to verify the carryforward numbers.
I run the last tape directly from the original source documents of the information reported on the return – W-2s, 1099s, K-1s, 1098s, bills and receipts, and any worksheets either prepared by myself or provided by the client. Here I use the complete dollars and cents for each item. The total of this tape should be within a couple of dollars (and change) of the totals on the first two – considering there would be a minor rounding adjustment.
In the case of a Schedule D with a loss, where the total of all the individual items results in a net loss in excess of the $3,000 allowable maximum, I first run separate tapes of the Schedule D items – both from the return and the source documents – to verify the net capital loss and then use the $3,000 loss deduction in each of the 3 "triple-check" tapes. I would also do the same with Schedule E if a passive loss is limited.
Once the net taxable income has been verified I double check the actual tax calculation, using the number on the tax return and the net taxable income from the third adding machine tape process.
This triple check process is not as time consuming as it may seem from the explanation.
The one and only advantage I can see to a software-generated return is that when I do discover an error in my triple check process I do not have to rewrite all the necessary forms and schedules from scratch. That is the only advantage for me.
I certainly do not advocate that all 1040 preparers abandon the use of software and return to the "old-fashioned" way. I merely state that it works for me. I do, however, sincerely believe that all paid tax preparers should initially learn how to prepare 1040s by doing them manually, without using any software. That is the absolute best way to truly understand each and every component to the preparation process.
I hope I have explained my "process" in an understandable manner, and will be glad to answer any questions or clarify any part of the process.
Well – did it make a great post?


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Guided Redwood Walks
May 6, 2017 @ 11:00 am - 5:00 pm
An event every week that begins at 11:00 am on Saturday, repeating until May 31, 2017
How do redwoods grow to become the tallest organisms on earth? How important are banana slugs to the redwood ecosystems? Why are there so few old growth trees left? Answer these questions and more every Saturday on our Redwood Grove Walks. One of the knowledgeable docents will lead you through the magnificent old growth forest and answer any questions you may have.
There are two walk times offered: 11:00 am & 1:00 pm
Meet at the Visitors Center in the Day Use area of Henry Cowell located off of Hwy 9 in Felton.
Tour is free; vehicle day-use fee is $10.
Event made possible by Mountain Parks Foundation, California State Parks volunteers, and California State Parks.
Visit us on the web at www.mountainparks.org and www.parks.ca.gov.


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To the Editor:
This is in response to Ed Sapeta's letter (Dec. 27) suggesting the we all give up our Second Amendment rights. Although this person has the right of free speech with his First Amendment rights, his suggestion that we give up our unalienable right of protection from a tyrannical government has got to be the most asinine statement I have heard in a long time.
The Second Amendment has nothing to do with how long it takes to fire one round. Our forefathers recognized the fact that all governments become tyrannical over time, and it is the right of every citizen to have the means to protect themselves from this and/or shed the bonds of said government, if need be.
Our governments over the past 20 years have been becoming more and more oppressive; the rights guaranteed in our Constitution (particularly the Second Amendment) are the only things keeping us from sliding back into feudalism. A concerned and educated citizenry is needed more now than ever before.
Craig Davis


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Pursuant to the requirements of division (B)(2) of section 1347.15 of the Revised Code, this rule contains a list of valid reasons, directly related to the Ohio facilities construction commission's exercise of its powers or duties, for which only employees of the commission or its agents may access confidential personal information (CPI) regardless of whether the personal information system is a manual system or computer system:
(A) Performing the following functions constitute valid reasons for authorized employees or agents of the commission to access confidential personal information:
(1) Responding to a public records request;
(2) Responding to a request from an individual for the list of CPI the agency maintains on that individual;
(3) Administering a constitutional provision or duty;
(4) Administering a statutory provision or duty;
(5) Administering an administrative rule provision or duty;
(6) Complying with any state or federal program requirements;
(7) Processing or payment of claims or otherwise administering a program with individual participants or beneficiaries;
(8) Auditing purposes;
(9) Licensure [or permit, eligibility, filing, etc.]processes;
(10) Investigation or law enforcement purposes;
(11) Administrative hearings;
(12) Litigation, complying with an order of the court, or subpoena;
(13) Human resource matters (e.g., hiring, promotion, demotion, discharge, salary/compensation issues, leave requests/issues, time card approvals/issues);
(14) Complying with an executive order or policy;
(15) Complying with an agency policy or a state administrative policy issued by the department of administrative services, the office of budget and management or other similar state agency; or
(16) Complying with a collective bargaining agreement provision.
(B) To the extent that the general processes described in paragraph (A) of this rule do not cover the following circumstances, for the purpose of carrying out specific duties of the Ohio facilities construction commission, authorized employees or agents would also have valid reasons for accessing CPI in these following circumstances:
(1) Employees or agents may review CPI for individuals in the review and processing of certified payrolls.
(2) Employees or agents may review CPI for individuals and firms in the review and processing of payments and in the review of apparent low bidders, including social security numbers or federal employer identification numbers.
(3) Employees or agents may review CPI for individuals in the review of criminal records check results obtained through the Ohio bureau of criminal identification and investigation or the federal bureau of investigation to determine compliance with the commission's policy on site security.
(4) Employees or agents may review CPI for individuals in the review of driving records obtained through the Ohio bureau of motor vehicles to determine compliance with the commission's policy on site security.
(5) Employees or agents may review CPI for individuals in the review of the results of drug screens for the purposes of determining compliance with the commission's drug-free safety program.
Five Year Review (FYR) Dates:
11/2/2017 and
Promulgated Under: 119.03
Statutory Authority: 1347.15
Rule Amplifies: 1347.15
Prior Effective Dates: 12/30/2012
Prior History: (Effective:
R.C. 119.032 review dates: 12/30/2017
Promulgated Under: 119.03
Statutory Authority: 1347.15
Rule Amplifies: 1347.15)


text: Your child loves reading? Lucky them! But this is a key age where difficulties in reading can show up. It is important to be conscious of a slow or reluctant reader and encourage them gently. Seek advice from their teacher or from Tara Book Co. on choosing the best books to support your child.


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In the theater, she played the role of Gretle in The Sound of Music. She also starred in the film, Finn on the Fly, in which she portrayed a girl named Chloe. She has been on other television shows, such as Candles on Bay Street, Do or Die, Wild Card, Betrayed, In a Heartbeat, Tell Me You Love Me, and Doc. She has done voiceovers, commercials, and radio shows. She played the sister of two of her Degrassi cast members in her earlier works, Jamie Johnston in Wild Card and Munro Chambers in Murder in the Hamptons. She played Beth Ellen, along with another Degrassi co-star, Melinda Shankar in Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars.
On Degrassi: The Next Generation, she was a recurring character in Seasons 6 and 7 before becoming a regular in Season 8. Her character, Clare Edwards, is a "good girl", and is in the new gifted program at Degrassi Community School. She is Darcy Edwards' little sister. As the show progressed, her character became more confident and comfortable with who she is.
Aislinn Paul has recently landed a recurring role as Phoebe Frady on NBC's Heroes Reborn.
- Aislinn is a Pisces.
- By the time that she left the series at the end of Season 14, Aislinn was the second longest running cast member after Stefan Brogren.
- She has admitted to disliking Clare's original uniform and shooting scenes in Morty the hearse.
- She ships the romantic pairing of Cliona (Clare and Fiona).
- Due to the significant height difference between her and Justin Kelly (Jake), Aislinn often had to stand on a box while filming with him.
- Her favorite Degrassi characters are Emma Nelson, Jane Vaughn and J.T. Yorke.
- Her favourite books are Emma, The Great Gatsby, The Perks of Being a Wallflower and The Shadow of the Wind.
- She is an only child.
- She has stage fright.
- Her Tumblr.
- Aislinn previously appeared with Munro Chambers in the television film Murder in The Hamptons before they appeared together on Degrassi. Amusingly, they played twin siblings in Murder in the Hamptons, while they played love interests on Degrassi.
- She has a celebrity crush on Logan Lerman.
- She ships Dolly J.
- She has a cat named Cleo.
- She is thinking of naming her new red Mustang "Roxanne".
- She is a big fan of the show Supernatural.
- She said if she could play another character on Degrassi, it would be Maya or Miles.
- If she wasn't an actress, she would be an interior designer or something artistic.
- Her favorite scene was in Season 10 when Adam threw a surprise party for Fiona and she didn't show up.
- She cut her hair short for Clare's cancer storyline.
- She attends classes at the University of Toronto.
- Her middle name is Claire and coincidentally her character on Degrassi is also named Clare but spelled differently.
- She has known Munro Chambers (Eli) since she was 10.
- Her father, Brian Paul, played Jeff Michalchuk in Season 6 of Degrassi: The Next Generation.
- She is best friends with Ana Golja.
- She was said to be the most mature member of the cast by multiple cast members.
- She isn't a fan of the Netflix show, 13 Reasons Why, as shown in this article http://www.refinery29.com/2017/04/151832/aislinn-paul-degrassi-13-reasons-why-suicide-harmful.


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Management and Marketing Program: Career Facts - Human Resource Manager
Other Careers:
International Business Manager
Labor Relations Specialist,
Marketing Manager,
Sales/Marketing Specialist,
Business Manager/Administrator
Credit Union Manager
Human Resource Manager
What is a human resource manager?
Human resource managers serve as links between management and employees. They help management make effective use of employees' skills and help employees find satisfaction in their jobs and working conditions. The occupation of human resource manager is projected to grow as fast as average over the next 15 years.
What types of skills are required?
Skills and analytical techniques adapted from psychology, public relations, economics, statistics, accounting and communication are required in this position. Communication and facilitation skills are also essential to successful human resource managers.
Where are they employed?
Human resource managers may work in all medium to large businesses and organizations.
What degree is available?
An associate in business degree program is offered in Human Resource Management.
What is the salary range?
Local starting salary range is $18,000 to $23,000 per year. Nationally, human resource managers can expect annual earnings starting at $22,000 to $75,000+ with extensive experience.
Business and Economics Department
Gannon Bldg, Room 1222
Phone: (517) 483-1522
Additional contact information »


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The primary goal of these case studies was to understand how ICT relates to educational innovation.
Find out more information and a list of case studies for all schools and countries .
View results from the two Australian schools that took part in the study, and a summary:
Bendigo Senior Secondary College, Victoria
Glen Waverley Secondary College, Victoria
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LOS ANGELES - The most important writing tool in James Ellroy's apartment is his leather couch. For hours every day, the author of such high-octane action novels as "L.A. Confidential" and "The Black Dahlia" stretches over its sturdy, cool surface and broods. No pillow, no notebook, no tape recorder, no music, no lights. Just him and a steady stream of perverted thoughts.
He broods about an era 40 years past, infested with fictionalized versions of Howard Hughes and Richard Nixon reimagined as supervillains who would make Batman urinate in his codpiece. He broods about conflicted antiheroes who talk tough and act even tougher, emerging from drug-induced hazes and acts of random violence with cries for absolution that may or may not be heard. He broods about femmes fatales, fragile enough to need rescuing, strong enough to live for another pack of cigarettes. He broods about finally being heralded as the most powerful writer of his generation, literature's equivalent of his hero, tortured composer Ludwig van Beethoven.
It's the centerpiece of a self-contained, lonesome process that almost killed him a decade ago, makes him nearly impossible to live with and seals him off from the contemporary world. It's also what makes his latest novel, "Blood's a Rover," one of the crudest, most compelling, comical and complex thrillers of the season.
"The price to be James is high, and the price to be around him is pretty high," said novelist Helen Knode, who divorced Ellroy in 2001 after 14 years of marriage, but remains a friend and fan. "I don't think he feels that artists have to suffer to be great. I think he's just that way. It's not the healthiest thing in the world."
Few get a chance to plop down on Ellroy's couch.
He's not known for entertaining, either inside or outside the red-painted walls of his art deco pad, next door to suites once occupied by Judy Garland and Mae West. His idea of graciousness is offering his guest a mug of cold, black coffee and showing off a photo shrine in his bedroom to the women who have loved and left him.
He's never used the complex's swimming pool and has visited the beach only 10 times in his 61 years. He avoids restaurants with TV sets and hates going to concerts and movie theaters. The sight of blockheads on their cell phones and the smell of Velveeta cheese from soggy nachos make him nauseated. His numerous shelves are filled, but only with titles of his own books. He doesn't read a newspaper or pay attention to anything that would be mistaken as modern.
Ellroy, the loner
"Blood's a Rover," which covers the period between 1968 and 1972, crisscrosses the globe, including a stopover in Minneapolis, yet Ellroy employs friends to do the traveling for him, relying solely on their notes and his imagination.
"I'm solitary by nature," said Ellroy, sporting a casual pink shirt, khaki pants and white sneakers. "I want an uncluttered mind. I find technology intrusive. There's too much imagery in the world."
Ellroy's latest novel, the final installment in a trilogy about U.S. history in and around the Kennedy presidency, might have been easier to construct if he had done research on a computer (which he doesn't own), picked up tips from other historical novels (which he doesn't read) and settled for a breezy, economical tale, the kind that can be digested on a plane ride to Cleveland, instead of a 691-page doorstop with more characters than a Cecil B. DeMille epic and language that might shock a rapper.
Big book, massive outline
But that's not Ellroy. He needs to struggle. He needs to sweat, even if that means dedicating eight months to a 397-page outline before the writing process even begins. If the reader has to do the same, that's just fine with him.
"You cannot write a book this big, this coherent, without superstructure," he said. "It's part of the dynamic of reading an Ellroy novel. You have to think. You have to come to the books with a clear head. I would rather that you read the book in fewer rather than many sittings because that approximates the obsessive state I was in when I wrote the book."
Most days, he awakens at 5 a.m. after just three or four hours of sleep, pours himself a cup of coffee -- the first of eight for the day -- and mixes up a bowl of oatmeal. He'll sit at his desk, surrounded by memorabilia from past books, and, with a black-ink pen, write in block letters on legal paper. He never moves on to the next sentence until the last one is perfect. Even then, he'll pore over the draft with red ink in hand. When he's finally satisfied, an assistant types it up (Ellroy never learned to use a typewriter) and Ellroy once again attacks the project with his red pen.
A Beethoven admirer
Mix in the occasional break for exercising in the bedroom or brooding in the living room, and you have a painstaking approach that Ellroy imagines might have been applied by Beethoven, whose portrait hangs in the living room aside black-and-white 1940s-era photos of his L.A. neighborhood. The painting, the only flash of color in his art collection, presents the composer as a burly brawler who could just as easily be the cover boy for a romance paperback.
"I aspire to be him," said Ellroy, who ignores popular music. "He was fiercely determined."
"Rover" reflects Ellroy's aspirations of creating a memorable symphonic work with its four-act structure, recurring themes, powerful motifs and sense of rhythm. "I want to see an epic. I hate minimalism. I like grandeur. I like the arc of big lies. These are big people with big ideas."
Of course, Beethoven struggled with deafness through much of his life. Ellroy's handicaps are self-induced. One only has to point to the tragedy that most shaped his life: the 1958 murder of his mother when he was just a child, a cold-case crime that occurred just a few blocks from where he currently resides. That case is dealt with directly in his 1996 nonfiction book, "My Dark Places," but it reverberates in all his books, where injustice, cruelty and heartache are more American than truth, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
"It's a tragic thing when somebody takes something away from you," said actor Danny DeVito, who befriended Ellroy when they were both promoting the film version of "L.A. Confidential" at the Cannes Film Festival. "My heart goes out to him."
Drug use and breakdown
The past caught up with him in 2001 when he suffered a nervous breakdown, most likely triggered by heavy drug use, Knode said.
"In my mind, I married him with the idea that I was signing up for this big adventure of discovery and strangeness and mystery, and you think maybe it will make you a better writer, but all it does is make you crazy," said Knode, who currently lives in Austin, Texas, where she's working on her second book. "I could have easily been destroyed by it. I thought he was going to die. Luckily, he didn't. He pulled himself out. He's changed in some ways, but in many ways he hasn't."
One thing that's changed is his treatment of women in his books. In past works, they are beautiful, damaged creatures who stay static in the chaotic world around him. In "Rover," the primary females are stronger and more complex than they have been before. In his note to booksellers, Ellroy calls Joan, who forces his three main protagonists to review their sordid lives, his greatest female character.
Knode doesn't disagree.
"I think she's groovy," she said of Joan. "He's always had bad men fall in love with strong women, but this is the first book in which bad men fall for strong women and it changes them. I think he got that from our marriage."
Other things about Ellroy are unlikely to ever change. He is still determined to stay rooted in yesteryear (he vows that he'll never do a novel that steps out prominently beyond 1972). He can't wait to fall in love again, even though he's pretty sure future romances will lead to further "butt kickings." He still wants respect -- no matter the cost.
"I want to write the books that no one else would have the stamina to write," he said. "It's not about writing what you know. It's about writing what you think no one else is writing."
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Scientists Put An End To Moratorium On Bird Flu Research
Controversial experiments on bird flu could resume within weeks because leading influenza researchers around the world have finally called a halt to an unusual moratorium that has lasted more than a year.
The voluntary pause in the research started back in January 2012. Scientists had genetically altered the bird flu virus H5N1, changing it in ways that allowed it to spread through the coughs and sneezes of ferrets — the lab stand-in for people.
But the experiments caused a public outcry. Critics charged that if the man-made viruses ever got out of the lab, they could be contagious in humans and start a deadly pandemic.
Virologist Ron Fouchier of Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands, whose lab did some of these experiments, says weighing the risks and benefits of this research isn't easy. "But it's clear that all of the 40 people who announced the moratorium in January 2012 have now signed to restart the work," he says. "That means that 40 of the world's leading experts in influenza research seem to think that the benefits outweigh the risks."
A letter announcing the end to the moratorium is being published jointly in the journals Science and Nature.
The experiments were part of an effort to understand how the H5N1 bird flu virus might mutate and start spreading in humans. H5N1 circulates in poultry in parts of Asia and the Middle East. It rarely makes people sick, but over half of those known to have gotten sick from the virus have died.
Understanding the mutations that might make the virus contagious in people is essential for efforts to prepare for a potential pandemic that could emerge naturally in the future, the researchers say in their letter ending the moratorium.
They add that "researchers who have approval from their governments and institutions to conduct this research safely, under appropriate biosafety and biosecurity conditions, have a public-health responsibility to resume this important work."
"The risk exists in nature already, and not doing the research is really putting us in danger," says Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who also did some of the original experiments.
The U.S. government is still finalizing its guidelines for what kinds of H5N1 transmission experiments could be done with federal money in the future, and under what lab conditions, so scientists like Kawaoka who get this kind of government funding can't yet restart their studies.
Fouchier also receives U.S. funding for his lab in the Netherlands, but he says he has money from other sources that he can use to resume his experiments there and will do so, probably in the next few weeks. "It's going to take some time to restart, but it certainly will not take months for us to restart," says Fouchier.
Not every one welcomed the news. "I don't think they should resume. I think the moratorium should go on. Because I think a number of questions remain unanswered," says Tom Inglesby, director of the Center for Biosecurity of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
"Should we start to feel anxious if we hear that 10 new labs are doing this work in the world two years from now? Or 100 labs doing this work five years from now?" asks Inglesby.
He worries about the risk that a genetically modified flu virus might escape the lab and infect millions. "Would that be a problem for the flu virus community? I don't think we've established those guidelines yet," he says.
Inglesby also questioned whether these experiments are really necessary for activities like making new vaccines and keeping watch for an emerging pandemic. "There could be a time in the future where there is a highly compelling rationale to proceed which justifies the risks. I just personally have not seen that yet," he says.
Fouchier says, however, that given all the public discussion and debate over the last year, the aims of the voluntary moratorium have been met. Although the U.S. government is still considering what to do about this issue, researchers around the world did not want to wait, he says, in part because officials have been unclear about how much longer their decision-making process will take. "It might take another one, two, three years," says Fouchier. "So, how long do you want us to wait?"
Controversial experiments on bird flu viruses could resume within weeks. They've been on hold for just over a year. NPR's Nell Greenfieldboyce reports that today, influenza experts around the world declared an end to an unusual research moratorium.
NELL GREENFIELDBOYCE, BYLINE: Last January, flu experts agreed to hold off on some studies that had caused a public outcry. The bird flu virus H5N1 isn't contagious in people, but scientists had genetically altered it. So it spread through the coughs and sneezes of ferrets, the lab stand-in for people. Critics charged that if these man-made germs escaped, they could potentially cause a pandemic.
Ron Fouchier is a virologist at Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands. He says everyone who signed on to the moratorium has now agreed to end it. The 40 scientists have published a letter saying so in the Journal of Science and Nature.
RON FOUCHIER: It means that 40 of the leading - world leading experts in influenza research seem to think that the benefits outweigh the risks.
GREENFIELDBOYCE: Fouchier and others originally did the experiment to understand the threat posed by H5N1. This virus circulates in poultry in parts of Asia and the Middle East. It rarely makes people sick. But over half of those known to have gotten sick have died. Researchers say in order to be prepared, it's vital to know how this virus could mutate in the wild and cause a natural pandemic. Yoshihiro Kawaoka is a scientist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
YOSHIHIRO KAWAOKA: The risk exists in nature already, and not doing the research is really putting us in danger.
GREENFIELDBOYCE: Kawaoka can't restart his experiments yet because he depends on funding from the U.S. government. And officials are still working out what experiments like this could be done with federal funding in the future and under what lab conditions. Still, scientists decided to lift the moratorium now because some countries have already completed biosafety and biosecurity reviews. And Fouchier says U.S. officials couldn't say how long their reviews would take.
FOUCHIER: And so as a consequence, it might take another one, two, three years. So how long do you want us to wait?
GREENFIELDBOYCE: Fouchier did his earlier experiments with U.S. funding but plans to restart soon, using money from other sources. One of the people who initially raised red flags about this work is Tom Inglesby. He's director of the Center for Biosecurity of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.
TOM INGLESBY: I don't think they should resume. I think the moratorium should go on because I think a number of questions remain unanswered.
GREENFIELDBOYCE: He says he's not convinced these experiments are necessary.
INGLESBY: There could be a time in the future where there is a highly compelling rationale to proceed which justifies the risks. I just personally have not seen that yet.
GREENFIELDBOYCE: And he worries about the risks that new flu viruses will get out of the lab if more scientists around the world start to do this type of research. Nell Greenfieldboyce, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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It is easy to fall in love with Paris or 'The City of Light'. For a first time visitor like yours truly, the city is everything a tourist can ask for. From famous landmarks to impressive architectural public buildings, Paris never ceases to amaze with its grand vistas. While the spectacular landscape can easily leave anyone in awe, the French capital has a lot more to offer.
1. Being France's tallest and most famous monument, the Eiffel Tower is the international symbol of Paris. Standing at 324 meters high, the tower is built with 7,300 tonnes of iron and held together with 2.5 million rivets.
2. One of the most notable monument in Paris is the Palais Garnier which was built in the 19th century.
3. Paris boasts stunning architectural style. Known as art-nouveau architecture, buildings around the capital are truly a sight to behold.
4. The details on many of its public building are immaculate. One can literally stand right in front of any building admiring the attention to detail put onto its architecture.
5. Street side cafes are found everywhere in Paris. One doesn't need to look far to find food around the city. For a set lunch costing € 10.50, our set meal came with a complimentary glass of tiramisu and cappuccino.
6. When it comes to food, Paris has everything from fast food restaurants to non-French cuisines such as pasta or spaghetti. In fact, foreign food is what Paris does better than other cities in the country.
7. Paris has 373 metro stations and there is always a station within 500m of wherever we were.
8. Although well connected, the Metro stations are in a deplorable state. Funky smells, badly lit stations and aging structures are commonly seen everywhere.
9. The Arc de Triomphe is the second most famous monument in Paris which was built in honour of those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary War.
10. A view of the spectacular city of Paris from the terrasse, the viewing platform of Arc de Triomphe which is 50m above ground.
11. The spiral staircase leading up the the terrase.
12. The inner walls of Arc de Triomphe shot from ground level.
13. The walls of the Arc is decorated with characters from the Roman mythology.
14. A candid shot of some locals shopping along the main district of Paris.
15. The biggest shopping mall in Paris is Galeries Lafayette. Established in 1893, this is France most famous department store. The interior architecture is magnificent with its dome looking like an eye from ground level at certain angle.
16. Another shot of the Galeries Lafayette at the foyer.
17. The Gare du Nord train station as seen beneath the glass roof starts operating from 8 a.m. till 6 p.m. daily.
18. The Notre-Dame Cathedral is one of the most visited site in Paris. The cathedral is the pinnacle of Gothic architecture which also inspires Victor Hugo's 'The Hunchback of Notre Dame' back in 1831.
19. It is interesting to note that the construction of the cathedral started in 1163 and took nearly 200 years to finish. Notre Dame measures 130m long, 48m wide and 35m high and can accommodate more than 6,000 worshipers.
20. The west facade of the cathedral features many statues to help illiterates understand the Old Testament stories, the Passion of Christ and the lives of the saints. These shots were taken using a long range lens from ground level.
21. A view of Notre Dame Cathedral from the south.
22. The west facade of the cathedral features sculpture of gargoyles.
23. A groom was seen helping the bride with her gown as she gets herself prepared for a wedding shoot in front of Notre Dame.
24. Two candid shots of bird around the cathedral.
25. A nearby building shot from the west facade of Notre Dame.
26. A view of Eiffel Tower from ground level. I used a wide angle lens to covey the width of the imposing structure.
27. A merry go round just across the street where the Eiffel Tower stood.
28. One can enjoy the many views of Paris by taking the river cruise along the Seine River. The 70 minutes cruise features commentary in both French and English.
29. Miniature Eiffel Towers are commonly sold at the street market as souvenir item.
30. Cheap perfumes at around € 10 per bottle are sold outside Galeries Lafayette.
31. Another sculpture seen along the main district of Paris.
32. A college student from Budapest, Hungary reading a book about Theology at Place du Trocadéro, a site facing the Eiffel Tower.
33. A street artist along the river bank sketching out a picture of a girl.


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The Blue Devils fell to Bryant in an exciting nine-inning match up on day two of the 2014 NEC Tournament in Smithfield, RI on Friday by a score of 3-2. With the loss, CCSU falls to 29-15 on the season and will play again Friday at approximately 3:30 p.m. in hopes of making it to Saturday's championship game.
WATCH LIVE! - Watch CCSU play the winner of LIU Brooklyn vs. Fairleigh Dickinson at 3:30 p.m.
LIVE STATS! - Fans can follow the action via live stats.
The Bulldogs, who entered the tournament as the #1 seed, improve to 31-20 on the season and automatically advance to Saturday's championship game with the win.
NEC Pitcher of the Year Laura Messina pitched 8.1 innings for CCSU, allowing just six hits and two earned runs. She struck out nine batters in the loss lifting her season total to 259. Messina's record drops to 24-12 with the loss.
The Blue Devils put the first run on the board in the top of the third. Kat Malcolm singled to the shortstop to reach base and capitalized on a Bulldog error to score after sophomore Hannah Cooper put the ball into play on a hit to the Bryant third baseman.
In the top of the fifth, senior Arielle Bruno blasted a solo homer, her fifth of the season, over the left-field fence to make it 2-0.
Bryant responded however, on a two-out rally in the bottom of the sixth to even the score. The Bulldogs scored two runs on three singles followed by another single to left, which sophomore Evie Rentzel rocketed back to classmate Hannah Cooper at home to prevent the winning run and ultimately send the squads into extra innings.
The Blue Devils nearly scored the lead run in the top of the ninth on a two-out play involving a run down of Rentzel at first base. During the pick-off attempt, Bruno, who was on second, rounded the bases to score before the umpires made a close call to end the half-inning, calling Rentzel out at first.
In the bottom of the ninth, the Bulldogs loaded the bases with just one out. Bryant's Hayley Bottino hit one straight to CCSU third-baseman Alexis Debrosse, who turned it for the force out at home. A dropped ball at home plate allowed the runner to score for the 3-2 win.
The Blue Devils tallied eight hits in the game, including a double from junior Ashley Black and Bruno's homer. Bryant posted just six hits while Bulldog pitcher Elle Madsen totaled four strikeouts. Both squads committed two errors on the day, the last of which allowed the winning run.
CCSU is scheduled to play again in the tournament's second elimination game at approximately 3:30 p.m. Central will play the winner of the LIU Brooklyn vs. Fairleigh Dickinson game, which was scheduled to begin at 1 p.m. before getting pushed back for CCSU's extra-inning game vs. Bryant.
The winner of CCSU's game at 3:30 p.m. earns a trip to the championship game on Saturday to face Bryant. If the Blue Devils advance to Saturday's game, CCSU will have to win twice to take the championship.
For more information about the 2014 NEC Championships, visit the NEC Championship Headquarters page.


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While Bravo is celebrating 100 episodes of "The Real Housewives of Orange County" with a special airing on Monday, it's only standing original cast member is still trying to wrap her head around the experience.
"I don't know if I'm still into it yet," Vicki Gunvalson told TheWrap. "I'm still trying to understand why the hell am I doing this?"
"There are days when I absolutely, 100 percent love it and there's days where I need to get my head examined. What sane person would ever allow millions of viewers to judge them question their looks, question every time they speak, question who they date? I mean it's annoying."
Also read: 'Real Housewives of Miami' Season 3: Karent Sierra Out, Marysol Patton, Ana Quincoces Demoted (Video)
The insurance company owner isn't in the mood to celebrate the show's big accomplishment. She's in the middle of great controversy surrounding former cast mate, friend and employee Lauri Peterson. Peterson left the show after Season 4, but returned this season accusing Gunvalson of cheating on her ex-husband along with a host of other sexual accusations, including a threesome with another woman.
"It just totally blindsided me," Gunvalson said of Peterson's accusations. "And then I got upset with the production company because I said, 'Why didn't you ask me before you aired that, because it's a lie?' They said, 'You'll come around, you'll tell your truth.' But now the viewers think that I sleep around with a woman, it was just disgusting to me. So, how do you combat things that are lies? That's where I go deep and dark."
Defending herself, Gunvalson said that the woman in Peterson's threesome story was actually her sister and believes that the returning housewife made the stories up in order to get camera time. "She's pretty boring in her own life," the 51-year-old said. "And if she didn't come back with something they wouldn't have aired her."
Also read: 'Real Housewives' Caroline Manzo Defends Her New Role as the Show's Messenger
Gunvalson said that the accusations have affected her business and said she didn't sign up for this kind of personal and professional attack.
"If I knew Lauri was going to come back like that, I probably would have never filmed again a day in my life because I wouldn't have allowed something like that to be out to the universe," she said.
"I mean we're talking stuff people will see 10 or 20 years from now; my grandchildren. It's gross, it's filthy, it's disgusting and I hate liars," she continued. "Now, I have to be the one that defends myself and that's not the person I want to be. I really am still very raw about it, still very upset about it, I don't understand it and I'm mad. I'm just very upset. Probably in time things will heal, but right now it's not good."
In interviews for Monday's 100th episode special on Bravo, Gunvalson was in a much better place. She opens the special and during it she declares that the show is like one of her babies.
Also read: 'Real Housewives' Tamra Barney Spinoff Gets Fall Premiere
Gunvalson had yet to watch the two-hour program when we talked to her, but after we informed her that there are plenty of touching flashbacks over the past eight seasons on the special that will probably counteract some of the drama this season, she said, "Oh, good."
"At the end of the day, it's business," she added. "I understand without that drama we wouldn't be on, so I'm smart enough to understand that. I will never tolerate just somebody coming on and lying about me. Pretty much, I'm going to claw her eyeballs out. But, other than that we're all good."
Bravo's "The Real Housewives of Orange County: 100th Episode Special" airs Monday at 8/7c.


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The 1988 Lucasfilm fantasy Willow apparently had aspirations for the small screen as an animated series. We'll blame the lackluster box office for the failure of the project, but we can still take a look at some concept art that was drafted along the way. Directed by Ron Howard and written by George Lucas, the feature film followed the dwarf-like character Willow (Warwick Davis), barbarian Madmartigan (Val Kilmer) and warrior princess Sorsha (Joanne Whalley) as they attempted to protect an infant from the diabolical plans of an evil queen (Jean Marsh). It's a classic swords-and-sorcery flick with some great moments; it even managed to garner two Academy Award nominations (for Sound Effects Editing and Visual Effects). While it's a shame that I can't relive the childhood memories of watching an animated Willow on Saturday mornings, these images provide a nice glimpse of what could have been. Hit the jump to check them out.
The following examples of Willow the Animated Series concept art come via i09; click over to see more of them there.


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Looks like a group of students started a bike sharing program in Washington DC using cell phones being called "the first stationless smart bike sharing program in North America.†It's called: WeBike.
Hmmm, I mean really what kind of system could be successful, started on a college campus?
Article from thecityfix.com


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The main goal of software is to automate and simplify what would otherwise be accomplished using a manual process. This gives users of the software leverage to do more with less. Instead of balancing our checkbook by hand, we can use Quicken to do it faster and more accurately. Instead of maintaining the records of millions of people's financial transactions with paper and pencil, banks use mainframes.
Whatever industry you work in, what do you think about when you are creating new software? Don't you think about how it scales to meet your customers' needs as they grow with high availability? Even if you don't achieve that on the first try, aren't you still thinking about it and striving to achieve it? You know that to do it, you need to make the right technology and architectural choices. Over time, you may need to change some of those choices to keep pace with competitors. Even if your current needs are modest, software development architecture has evolved principles, patterns, and technologies to allow software to scale from a single user to thousands or even millions of users on multiple platforms at multiple locations with 99.999 percent uptime.
On the other hand, as an industry, we don't seem to be very good at scaling up the process of software development itself. Even when what needs to be built is primarily made up of well-understood tasks and requires little discovery, it seems that when the size of the effort goes beyond 5-10 people, things start to break down pretty rapidly. Adding more people usually doesn't scale in the same way that adding more hardware does.
This stems from the belief that software automates a well-defined problem but that the process of software development is a creative endeavor and cannot benefit from the same kind of thinking that goes into designing software. However, after spending many years involved in thinking about how to improve the process of software development, experience has convinced me that a great deal of the process of developing software can be treated as infrastructure. This infrastructure supports the creative parts of the software development process, but can be clearly delineated from it.
By thinking about the infrastructure of your process in the same way as you would think about any manual process that requires automation, you can leverage your skills as a developer and apply them in a new way. The process of developing software is, in effect, an algorithm implemented with various technologies. You can think of your team, the technologies you use, and your development methodology as software.
What technologies are you using? What is the architecture of your organization? Will it scale from its current size to double its size? Will it scale seamlessly to include new teams in new locations? What will happen if you acquire a company?
When creating software, you want to design it so that it is flexible and adapts to new circumstances. The same should be true for your development organization. In this article, I apply this way of thinking to the problem of scaling continuous integration to development efforts of more than 10 people.
Continuous Integration
In a typical project, the integration phase is towards the end and is the source of a great deal of problems and delays. One practice that has emerged to address this problem is continuous integration. The basic idea is that if getting build and test results on a regular basis is a good idea, getting build and test results on every change is even better.
With continuous integration, all work is integrated into a single codeline as frequently as possible. Every check-in automatically triggers a build and often a subsequent run of the test suite. This provides instant feedback about problems to developers and helps to keep the code base free of build and test failures. It also reduces the integration headaches just prior to release.
I'm a big fan of continuous integration. I've used it and recommended it for many years with great success. But it has a dark side as well. The larger and/or more complex the project, the higher the chance that it devolves into what I call "Continuous Noise." In this case, you get notified every 10 minutes or so (depending on how much building and testing is going on) that the build and/or test suite is still failing. It may be for a different reason every time, but it doesn't matter. It is tough to make progress when the mainline is unstable most of the time. This problem is not caused by CI, but it is exposed by CI.
The question is, what is a good way to structure this integration so that it will scale smoothly as you add more people to the equation? A good starting place is to look around for a pattern to follow. What are some similar situations? I have found that everything your organization needs to do in order to produce the best possible development organization can be entirely derived from the patterns and practices at the individual level. It makes it much easier to understand and much more likely that it will be successfully followed.


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Bella Headbands
Velvet Headband - 3/4 Inch
The (3/4") velvet headbands are available in six beautiful colors. Lovely for every day wear and perfect for the holiday season!
Bella Headbands are constructed using a plastic base. Fabric is then adhered to the base and is finished off on the interior with trim for added comfort and to better hold headband in place.
Color: Navy
Size: One Size Fits All
Made in USA
Earn 20% of every product purchase in PV Points, a.k.a. store credit!*
PETIT VOUR was founded on being bold and kind—not just for the environment and animals, but also for you. Our rewards program was designed with this core value in mind.
For a $50 purchase earn $10 back in store credit, 1,000 PV Points. The points will be automatically credited to your customer login.
*Subscription boxes, curated beauty boxes boxes and sale items do not earn PV Points. See product pages for details.
Items unused and in original condition are eligible for return up to 14 days after receipt.* See Returns Page for details. Email firstname.lastname@example.com to receive a return label.
*Subscription and curated boxes, trial/sample/travel-size products, perfumes, intimates, food items, and items marked "Final Sale" are ineligible for return. Final Sale items marked "size/color exchanges are allowed" can be exchanged for the same item if an alternate size or color is still available.


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Paris Club creditors said on Friday, June 15, they had agreed to a restructuring of about $420 million (€494 million) of Yemen's public external debt and cancel obligations of about $25 million.
"Given the high level of external indebtness of Yemen, this agreement consolidates part of the stock debt of Yemen in order to reach a sustainable indebtness level," the Paris Club, made up of creditor governments from major industrialized countries, said in a statement.
The rescheduling covered about $420 million of pre cut-off date debt. "This relief will lead to the immediate cancellation by Paris Club creditors of about $25 million of Yemen's external debt," the group said.
"These measures are also expected to reduce debt service due to Paris Club creditors in 2001 and 2002 from $125 million to $96 million."
Under the agreement, pre-cut off date Official Development Assistance (ODA) credits are to be repaid over 40 years, with 16 years grace at interest rates at least as favorable as the original concessional rates applying to the loans, the Paris Club said.
Yemeni debts to the Paris Club were estimated to be $1.9 billion at the end of 2000. About $1.85 billion of this was pre cut off date debt, of which 24 percent was ODA, the organization said. ― (AFP, Paris)
© Agence France Presse 2001
© 2001 Mena Report (www.menareport.com)


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Changing FTP changes all previous training score data
Currently, updating your FTP causes a mass change to all prior workout data, rendering all the past performance data inaccurate (the data is only as good as the FTP it is attached to).
If - 12 months ago - my FTP was 250, and today I update it to 300, all my previous workouts are "downgraded" in their relative training intensity and stress scores. Which does not reflect reality because 12 months ago, these workout felt intense and stressful for my fitness level back then.
What should happen is that when you update FTP, only workouts after the change are affected.
Strava people - this is costing you money! Athletes who are serious about their data are using competitors' products and free alternatives. I am forced to use GoldenCheeteah, if you changed this one bug I'd be a premium Strava member.


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Apple has reportedly shelled out a whopping £13 million (USD$21, AUD$20) to license the clock design for iOS 6.
The clock was designed by an employee of the Swiss Federal Railway service in 1944 and has been used in train stations around the country ever since.
Following the launch of iOS in September, the network complained that Apple had used the identical design, once honoured by the Museum of Modern Art in New York, without permission.
"We're rather proud that a brand as important as Apple is using our design," said a spokesperson for the service back in September.
Time is money
A month ago, it was revealed that Apple and the Swiss had come to terms on a licensing package, although the details remained confidential.
Now a report from French news agency AFP claims that Apple coughed up a £13 million lump sum for permission to use the clock in iOS 6.
Surely, that has to be the most expensive clock ever?
Via CNET


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Rain brings more flooding to Kenosha Co.
Fox River encroaches on Wheatland
The Fox River continued to rise Wednesday and is threatening the town of Wheatland.
Authorities in Kenosha County told one family that it was time to evacuate.
"They're saying they strongly urge people to evacuate the area because they won't be able to get in to help people if it gets too much higher," a resident said.
The river didn't cross the street in front of the family's home until Wednesday morning, but it continued to rise throughout the day.
"We're thinking about packing up real quick, taking the dogs and heading over to my mom's house until it goes down," another resident said.
The family figured they may have to spend a couple nights away from home, but others who live in the neighborhood said they'll stay and have seen worse.
For those who evacuate, law enforcement said they'll keep a close eye on things.
"We've been told they're going to beef up security, have more patrols to watch people's belongings so nothing gets vandalized or stolen," a resident said. "I can't believe it's just so much water. Just a little bit ago, it was up to the address sign and now it's to the house.
A few families in the neighborhood left Wednesday evening. Others who are staying with school-age children are trying to determine how they can safely get the children to the bus stop on Thursday morning.