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This report studies the Bike Racks market status and outlook of global and United States, from angles of players, regions, product types and end industries; this report analyzes the top players in global and United States market, and splits the Bike Racks market by product type and applications/end industries.
The Global Bike Racks Market is valued at XX million USD in 2016 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.
The Asia-Pacific will occupy for more market share in following years, especially in China, also fast growing India and Southeast Asia regions.
North America, especially The United States, will still play an important role which cannot be ignored. Any changes from United States might affect the development trend of Bike Racks. United States plays an important role in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2016 and will be xx million USD in 2022, with a CAGR of XX.
Geographically, this report is segmented into several key regions, with sales, revenue, market share (%) and growth Rate (%) of Bike Racks in these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast), covering:s
- United States
- North America
- Europe
- Asia-Pacific
- South America
- Middle East and Africa
Request Sample of this Report at: http://www.orbisresearch.com/contacts/request-sample/348968
The major players in global and United States Bike Racks market, including Yakima Products, Cruzber, Hapro International, Atera, HandiWorld, Pendle Bike Racks, Thule Group, Mont Blanc Group, Whispbar, RockyMounts, Rhino-Rack, CARMATE, SARIS CYCLING GROUP, SportRack, Swangman, Hollywood, Kuat, Curt, Prorack.
On the basis of product, the Bike Racks market is primarily split into
- Rear Mounted Bike Racks
- Roof Mounted Bike Racks
- Towbar Mounted Bike Racks
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report covers
- Household
- Commercial Use
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Major Points Covered in Report:
Chapter Eight: Bike Racks Manufacturing Cost, Industrial Chain and Downstream Buyers
8.1 Bike Racks Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.2.1 Raw Materials
8.2.2 Labor Cost
8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Bike Racks Industrial Chain Analysis
8.4 Downstream Buyers in United States
Chapter Nine: Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors and Market Effect Factors
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.1.1 Direct Marketing
9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Distributors in Untied States
9.3 Market Effect Factors Analysis
9.3.1 Economic/Political Environmental Change
9.3.2 Downstream Demand Change
9.3.3 Technology Progress in Related Industry
9.3.4 Substitutes Threat
…. And Continued
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Cogora acquires leading agency PCM Healthcare
The terms of the deal, which will create one of the UK's largest independent healthcare agencies, were not disclosed. Throughout the acquisition process, PCM Healthcare was advised by Newbury-based M&A advisory firm BCMS.
PCM has pioneered novel approaches to deliver healthcare communications and non-promotional medical education that have measurable impact on patient care standards for a range of clients including Novartis, Gilead and Indivior.
PCM Healthcare co-founders Alisa Pearlstone and Rob Miller will continue to lead the business post-acquisition, and the company will remain in its London Docklands offices.
Commenting on the deal, Alisa Pearlstone said: "PCM Healthcare has grown significantly in recent years on the back of our clear commitment to delivering innovative techniques and meaningful outcomes for our clients. Our partnership with Cogora creates an excellent synergy and promises a significant boost to the PCM Healthcare offering."
On working with BCMS, Rob Miller said: "When we first met with BCMS, we were immediately impressed with their knowledge of our industry and the marketplace, and coupled with their obvious expertise in how to position and sell our business, it was a very easy decision for us to engage with them.
"Selling a business is no mean feat, but with BCMS on-board, they made the whole process considerably less stressful thanks to their knowledgeable, dedicated and supportive team who were with us every step of the way – we would thoroughly recommend them if you are considering selling your business."
Cogora – a dynamic, expanding business
Cogora's media brands include Pulse, Nursing in Practice, The Commissioning Review and Hospital Pharmacy Europe, while the company's marketing services arm delivers research, strategy and campaigns for its clients.
Cogora Chief Executive John Pettifor commented: "Though we started life as a 'traditional' media company, we've also been operating in the agency space for some time now and we've been looking to build the size of the group in this area.
"We identified PCM right at the very beginning of that journey as a potential acquisition that would bring the very highest levels of technical expertise and clinical knowledge to the group, as well as broaden the geographic scope of our operations and bring their leadership position within European Continuing Medical Education."
Specialist advisor BCMS has managed the sale of more than 60 healthcare companies to date, including five healthcare communications specialists. To find out why the founding shareholders decided to sell, watch this video

subset: commoncrawl


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Treetops is a Four Season Resort perched high over the Pigeon River Valley just a few miles outside of Gaylord. It is one of the Midwest's premier four-season resorts, offering majestic views of one of northern Michigan's most stunning landscapes. Enjoy all of your outdoor recreational activities.
Located in beautiful Northern Michigan, Treetops Resort is Michigan's Most Spectacular Resort.
Spectacular golf, world-class instruction, spa, downhill skiing, snowmobiling, meetings and fairytale weddings are just some of the reasons people visit Treetops Resort & Spa. Let's start with golf, Treetops is truly the Midwest's "Must Play" resort and arguably the best collection of golf anywhere in the country. Our awards and accolades from the nations top golf and travel publications seem to agree.
Treetops is home to 81 holes of championship golf and features five distinctly different courses by renowned designers Robert Trent Jones, Sr., Tom Fazio and Rick Smith. Dramatic views, contours and rolling terrain provide a beautiful setting for world-class golf. The Masterpiece Course was Robert Trent Jones, Sr.'s final design in Michigan and is truly a masterpiece. In his own words, Jones claimed it his crowning glory. The course is located at the headwaters of the Pigeon River and takes full advantage of natural valleys, ravines and broad plains. The signature sixth hole features a 120' vertical drop and a panoramic view of the Pigeon River Valley.
The Premier Course is the only golf course in Michigan designed by famed architect Tom Fazio, making the most of the rolling terrain and striking the perfect balance between challenge and forgiveness. When asked to name a signature hole, Fazio replied, "All of them!" The Signature Course was shaped by Rick Smith, renowned architect and golf instructor. The course unfolds into high upland and features undulating greens and wide, forgiving fairways. Signature has been rated a Top 50 Course for Women. The Tradition Course is Rick Smith's walking course which pays homage to golf's origin, and is well named as it features traditional wooden pins and pennant flags. The links-style layout takes advantage of high ridges and hilltops, providing some sloping while still being walkable. Holes one through nine wrap back around to the starter house, allowing for nine-hole play.
The World's Best Par 3 Course In addition to our four championship courses Rick Smith's par three layout has received national recognition since it opened, consistently ranked as the #1 par three course in America. It's the perfect setting for your most spectacular emergency nine ever!
World Class Golf Instruction That Will Quickly Slash Strokes From Your Game! If you want to hit it further, hit it straighter, sink more putts and enjoy the game more, you couldn't be in better hands than the Treetops Golf Professionals. Choose from a wide range of group, private and custom instruction programs all designed to rapidly improve your game and enhance your enjoyment.
Relax, Unwind With Full-Service Spa Treatments at Treetops Resort Treetop Spa caters to both men and women who enjoy personal attention. We pride ourselves in our ability to make our clients feel comfortable and well cared for. We offer a wide range of massage therapies, body treatments, skin care, facials, manicures and pedicures — all designed to soothe, pamper, relax and de-stress your body, mind and spirit. Spa clients are also free to enjoy the use the nautilus fitness room, hot tub, steam room and sauna during your visit!
Spectacular Special Events, Weddings & Banquets Have a special event coming up in your life, birthday, anniversary, retirement or celebration? Then we have the perfect venue, food and professional planners to make sure it's an event everyone remembers for all the right reasons! Fairytale Weddings Everything you need, can be arranged at Treetops Resort including rehearsal dinner, bachelor golf outing, bridal shower, Sunday brunch, gift opening and accommodations. We can also provide you with a list of vendors for special requests, florists and wedding cakes.
Inspire Your Attendees to Greatness in A Spectacular Setting Our meeting rooms are equipped to handle audiovisual equipment and include high-speed Internet connections for your convenience. All meeting facilities and certain guest rooms are barrier-free for easy access by mobility- impaired individuals. In addition to over 20,000 square feet of meeting and banquet facilities, Treetops Resort provides lovely accommodations, superior championship golf courses, a variety of settings in which to enjoy nature, indoor and outdoor pools, tennis courts, a luxury spa, spectacular downhill ski runs and much, much more.
Dine Like a Champion, Party Like a Rock Star! Enjoy a hearty backwoods breakfast, great food, fine wines and good times, in a casually quaint atmosphere with spectacular views. Rich beginnings, succulent entrees and signature desserts are the perfect complement to a great day on the course or the slopes. Nightlife also abounds too with live entertainment and a sports bar with a massive collection of the world's favorite brews. Enjoy your favorite team on a host of flat screen TV's or create you own action on one of our pool tables or relax and take in the spectacular star show in the sky as you cozy up to our fire pit.
Sleep Like a Bear Treetops Resort features 238 guest rooms, including standard and deluxe hotel rooms and two and three bedroom condominiums. Nearly every room takes advantage of our majestic setting and offers sweeping vistas of ski hills, golf courses, pristine woods or wetlands. Wake up refreshed as a bear in springtime, ready to do it again, for with five courses, 23 runs and the vast beauty of the Michigan wilderness surround you, you'll never get bored.
Spectacular Family Fun – Downhill Skiing & Snowboarding High elevation, abundant snowfall and scenic beauty provide ideal conditions for downhill skiing and snowboarding. Treetops offers some of the finest terrain in the Midwest with 23 expertly groomed ski runs, perfect for the skier or rider of any ability. Family friendly is the name of the game at Treetops Resort with all three lifts converging in one activity filled area. It's easy to keep track of your entire clan and see just how much fun they're all having.
Cross Country Skiing For the hale and hearty, Treetops Resort affords wonderful cross-country skiing opportunities. This might be the best workout in the Great White North, as well as a great way to commune with Nature! Our cross-country trails weave up down and around the Masterpiece course in one of the most beautiful settings found anywhere.
Extreme Tubing Back Again This Year! Session Tubing! Extreme tubing at its finest is what you will find at Treetops Resort. Adjacent to our ski slopes, this fun filled activity is perfect for children and adults alike. Take an exhilarating ride down the slope on a tube.


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BrowseTubi KidsNEW
S10:E36 - High 'N Dry
21 min
When Genell Plude is found dead in her bathroom, the scene points to suicide. But a coroner's inquest and a unique application of forensic science gave investigators a different explanation for her death.
Season 10
S10:E01 - Marked for Life
It was 1957, and California police were searching for a man who had committed several crimes in one night, including murder. They followed thousands of leads but eventually the case turned cold. Almost 50 years later, with the help of advances in computer technology and handwriting analysis, investigators proved an old adage: You can run, but you can't hide.
S10:E02 - Plastic Puzzle
A man riding a bicycle was fatally injured, and police believed he was the victim of a hit-and-run accident. Tiny clues found at the scene created a picture of the vehicle which struck him and led police to its driver.
S10:E03 - Up in Smoke
When an elderly couple died in a suspicious house fire, their son became the prime suspect. Investigators turned to forensic science to determine if the fire had been set deliberately, or if it was an unfortunate accident.
S10:E04 - Soiled Plan
Police instituted an intense search when the mother of two young children went missing. Twenty years after finding her body, advances in technology enable investigators to see evidence in a new light, and discover it pointed directly to the killer.
S10:E05 - Headquarters
When hunters found a skull in a Texas canyon, police found bits of clothing, small bones and a strand of hair. A forensic artist reconstructed her face. Now all they had to do was find her killer.
S10:E06 - One for the Road
A married couple decided to escape the cold of winter with a mini-vacation in Key West. The wife went missing, and police searched every square inch of the island; they found nothing but a pair of sandals which might have belonged to her.
S10:E07 - Army of Evidence
A mother of two young children was found dead in her bedroom. Her death was ruled a suicide _ but when investigators learned she had almost died in a house fire three years earlier, they decided to take another look at the evidence.
S10:E08 - Shear Luck
In 1991, when the wife of a serviceman was brutally murdered in the Philippines, investigators had to reassemble a 5-1/4 inch computer disk which had been cut to pieces with pinking shears in order to find the killer.
S10:E09 - Tagging a Suspect
Bombings are difficult to solve, because the perpetrator isn't usually at the scene, and the evidence goes up in smoke. In this case pieces of plastic the size of grains of sand hold the key to a man's murder.
S10:E10 - Strong Impressions
The wife of an Air Force officer was found dead in her bed with a plastic laundry bag near her face. Further investigation proved that the scene had been staged. Her death wasn't an accident; it was cold-blooded murder.
S10:E11 - Cereal Killer
When a fire destroyed most of a home and a young boy went missing, police organized the largest search in the history of their small town. First the boy's backpack was discovered five miles from home, and then his body was found 50 miles away.
S10:E12 - Crash Course
A¾highway patrolman was dispatched to what he thought would be a routine traffic accident until he looked in the car. While he had no formal training in forensic science, he had seen hundreds of accidents¾_ but never as much blood as this.
S10:E13 - A Leg Up on Crime
The decomposed body of a young woman was discovered in a Bakersfield irrigation canal. If there was trace evidence, it had been washed away.¾
S10:E14 - Tight-Fitting Genes
A behavioral profile caused the Baton Rouge Police Department to search for the wrong man. They might not have made an arrest had it not been for a DNA picture of the suspect painted by a molecular biologist.
S10:E15 - Deadly Valentine
An obstetrician returned home from the hospital and found his wife on the bathroom floor. She was covered with blood and not breathing. He tried unsuccessfully to revive her, staining his clothes with her blood in the process, and then he called 911.
S10:E16 - Picture This
A Modesto, California teenager went missing. There was no sign of a struggle in her home, and police suspected she'd simply run away until her naked, bruised body was discovered in a ditch 20 miles away.
S10:E17 - Oily in the Morning
When police recovered the submerged car of a man reported missing, they expected to find his body _ but it wasn't there. The investigation which followed would uncover an obsession turned deadly, and the motive for murder.
S10:E18 - Gold Rush
Emergency dispatch received a call from a man who said his girlfriend shot and killed herself. The autopsy revealed that the gunshot wound was not self-inflicted and the evidence on her body would give police a golden opportunity to catch her killer.
S10:E19 - Four on the Floor
A Native American woman was brutally killed in the desert of New Mexico, and the crime scene was rich in forensic evidence: tire tracks, shoe impressions and even the murder weapons.
S10:E20 - Writer's Block
A brilliant young architect became ill and died just before she was to testify in a criminal trial. The autopsy revealed she'd been poisoned with arsenic. Investigators had to determine which person who knew her had a motive for murder.
S10:E21 - A Clean Getaway
An employee of a dry cleaner was raped and murdered in the store. Police turned to forensic science for the answers they needed.
S10:E22 - Prints Among Thieves
The murder of an eccentric millionaire was not entirely unexpected; he flaunted his wealth and cared little for personal security. The evidence at the crime seemed to indicate robbery, but investigators wondered if there was something more.
S10:E23 - Unholy Alliance
When a young woman disappeared, police feared she was the latest victim in a string of similar crimes. A pair of bloody gloves, unique tire tracks, and ordinary grass and pine needles provided investigators with some extraordinary clues.
S10:E24 - Cop Out
A college student was found dead, and the evidence suggested he knew his killer. Three hairs and some microscopic cells helped police to unravel a web of lies, and find the motive for murder.
S10:E25 - Summer Obsession
In an affluent suburb of Philadelphia, police were called to the scene of what appeared to be an accidental drowning. The investigation gradually focused on one person, a suspect who had more than a million reasons to want the victim dead.
S10:E26 - Elemental Clue
When two women from the same town were murdered in the same way, police feared a serial killer was on the loose. At first they thought the victims had nothing in common until they found tiny clues linking them to the same man.
S10:E27 - Moss, Not Grass
A young woman was found dead on a golf course in the Bahamas. The grass on that course was so distinctive, it had evidentiary value. The evidence led police to two suspects. Each blamed the other, and they had to find out who the killer was.
S10:E28 - Material Witness
A teenager went missing after an evening of horseback riding. Her body was found a month later, three miles from her home. The killer unknowingly left trace evidence behind _ tiny but unmistakable clues which pointed to him and him alone.
S10:E29 - Garden of Evil
When a popular disc jockey was found murdered in a community garden, police swung into action. A sniffer dog and a blood spatter expert led police to the killer and he'd been much closer than they realized.
S10:E30 - Sunday School Ambush
When a man is gunned down in his own garage, police discover that a wound sustained by the grieving widow may have been self-inflicted. They turn to science to help unravel a twisted tale of lust, greed and deception.
S10:E31 - Penchant for Poison
Three seemingly unrelated deaths proved to be serial murders. The killer had been careful _ he used poison which had no taste or odor. Fortunately for investigators, it also had a unique chemical signature.
S10:E32 - Bump in the Night
When a victim is brutally murdered in his own bed, investigators find a shoe impression in the mud outside--physical evidence they hope will lead to the killer.
S10:E33 - Sole Searching
Armed with little else, police hoped the shoe impressions found at a Lansing, Michigan crime scene would put their investigation of Audrey Nichols' murder back on track.
S10:E34 - Murder on the Menu
When the head chef of a historic Philadelphia restaurant was found dead, investigators interviewed the usual suspects: family, friends and coworkers. As they sifted through the evidence, police uncovered a chilling tale of debt and deceit.
S10:E35 - Hot on the Trail
A serial arsonist was on the loose in Washington, DC. Each of the fires was started with the same type of incendiary device. It was up to forensic scientists to find the clues that lay in the ashes.
S10:E36 - High 'N Dry
When Genell Plude is found dead in her bathroom, the scene points to suicide. But a coroner's inquest and a unique application of forensic science gave investigators a different explanation for her death.
S10:E37 - To the Viktor
Three homicides on two continents looked like professional executions. Investigators on both sides of the Atlantic needed to find out if they were related and, if they were, who or what they had in common.
S10:E38 - Wired for Disaster
A 29-year-old woman was killed instantly when a bomb exploded in her home. The device was so powerful that shrapnel was embedded in houses across the street. The bomber had not only knowledge and skill, but also a motive for murder.
S10:E39 - Wood-Be Killer
A killer tried to incinerate and destroy everything that could link him to his crime. But in doing so, he inadvertently created new forensic evidence, evidence which came to light with a technique never before used in a criminal investigation.
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On-scene investigation of fatal Eau Claire fire complete
2 UW-Eau Claire students died as a result of Oct. 8 fire
EAU CLAIRE, Wis. — Inspectors have completed their on-scene investigation into an off-campus apartment fire that killed two University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire students from Minnesota last month.
Fire Inspector Gary Puljas said in a news release Wednesday that physical evidence gathered at the scene will now be analyzed. He said it's not known how long that analysis will take.
Earlier, Puljas said the fire likely started in one of the apartment's bedrooms.
Jacob Clarkson and Ross Livermore, both 21, died as a result of the Oct. 8 fire. Two other roommates escaped the blaze. The four friends graduated from high school in Stillwater, Minn., in 2009.
The property is being returned to the owner Wednesday. The cause of the fire remains undetermined.


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Crime | Fine Art Print | Peytil
Peytil is a Stockholm based art project founded in 2016 by the fashion designer and artist Eitil Thorén Due. The work reflects a graffiti-like spontaneity with focus on fashion illustrations and contemporary portraits. The Scandinavian style is clear in the paintings that are often built simply from minimalistic black lines. The work is a combination of traditional painting and digital tools, which gives it contrast and a novel expression.
All open edition Prints are archivally printed on 260gsm Art Matte Paper.
You may choose to purchase your print unframed or have it Framed by us with love - using all archival materials.
All framed works are framed in Australian quality timber moulding with glass. Frame measures 2cm wide x 4cm deep for all sizes except 100x140 which is 3cm wide x 4.5cm deep.
Framed pieces are shipped Australia-wide. For all international orders, please email us for a quote.
Size options:
Paper Size: 50x70cm - Framed Size: 53x73cm
Paper Size: 70x100cm - Framed Size: 73x103cm
Paper Size: 100x140cm - Framed Size: 103x143cm
DELIVERY TIME-FRAME: Please allow approximately 2-3 weeks for delivery as all artists products are 'made-to-order.'


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I studied Voice Performance and Composition at the University of Toronto. I've written lots of vocal music, including two One Act Operas, and choral music for such choirs as the Toronto Mendelssohn Youth Choir, Chorus Niagara, and Mississauga Festival Choir.
I've also written orchestral music for ensembles such as the Durham Chamber Orchestra and the Ontario Pops Orchestra.
© 2020 James Moffett.


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HEBER SPRINGS, Ark. – One lane of Highway 25 across Greers Ferry Dam will close temporarily for four weeks beginning Nov. 26.
The northbound lane will be closed and diverted from Nov. 26 through Dec. 2 and the southbound lane will be closed and diverted from Dec. 3 through Dec. 21.
Contractors will be installing equipment in the dam tower while Corps maintenance employees perform repairs to the roadway. Stoplights will be positioned at each end of the dam to direct traffic. Officials urge motorists to obey traffic signals.
Officials at the Army Corps of Engineers' Greers Ferry Project Office regret any inconvenience this may cause, and asks for the public's cooperation until the work is complete. The closure is being coordinated with emergency services and law enforcement agencies. Corps officials ask travelers to plan alternate routes and allow extra time to reach their destinations.
For more information contact the Greers Ferry Project office at (501) 362-2416, or stop by the office near the dam on Highway 25, three miles north of Heber Springs. Recreation information can be found on the Internet at www.swl.usace.army.mil, on Facebook at www.facebook.com/littlerockusace, and on Twitter at https://twitter.com/#!/usacelittlerock.
Release no. 12-088


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Republican-Controlled House Approves Attack on Tennessee TeachersThursday, May 19th, 2011
Bill would strip the ability of Tennessee teachers to effectively negotiate contracts
(Nashville) – The Tennessee House of Representatives passed an anti-teacher bill Wednesday that continues an effort to strip teachers of their ability to effectively negotiate for better classrooms for students and better working conditions for their profession.
"This bill is a dishonest effort to reach an agreement with the Senate that will destroy all rights of more than 52,000 Tennessee teachers to negotiate for better classrooms, wages and learning environments for Tennessee students," said House Democratic Caucus Chairman Mike Turner (D-Old Hickory). "This is an attack on Tennessee teachers; nothing less."
The anti-teacher bill, which is expected to pass the full Republican-controlled legislature in another form, will decrease the rights of teachers to effectively negotiate a contract covering their salary, benefits, working conditions, school safety, class size, planning time, time to teach, length of the school day, scheduling and other priorities.
"This is a political game; the Republican majority is calling it a 'reform,'" Turner said. "They simply don't want public education to exist in this state at all. This is a vote to take away our teachers' ability to better their careers, their family life and most importantly the learning environment of Tennessee students."
The bill will now head back to the Senate and subsequently a conference committee with the House. The conference committee is expected to fully strip the rights of teachers to better their careers and the learning environment for Tennessee students.
Opponents of the bill argued that the brightest college students will simply choose professions other than teaching, or move out of Tennessee.
"We're asking all citizens, especially our teachers, their families and their friends to call the state legislature and ask their House and Senate members to vote against the final form of this bill."
Members of the General Assembly may be reached at (615) 741-1100.
Final Vote on the Bill: 59-39
Ayes: David Alexander, Harry Brooks, Kevin Brooks, Sheila Butt, Joe Carr, Glen Casada, Jim Cobb, Jim Coley, Vince Dean, Vance Dennis, Bill Dunn, Linda Elam, Jimmy Eldridge, Joshua Evans, Jeremy Faison, Richard Floyd, John Forgety, Jim Gotto, Curtis Halford, Steve Hall, David Hawk, Ryan Haynes, Joey Hensley, Matthew Hill, Andy Holt, Julia Hurley, Curtis Johnson, Phillip Johnson, Kelly Keisling, Ron Lollar, Jon Lundberg, Debra Maggart, Pat Marsh, Judd Matheny, Jimmy Matlock, Gerald McCormick, Steve McDaniel, Steve McManus, Don Miller, Richard Montgomery, Frank Nicely, Mark Pody, Dennis Powers, John Ragan, Barrett Rich, Bill Sanderson, Charles Sargent, Cameron Sexton, Tony Shipley, Mike Sparks, Art Swann, Curry Todd, Eric Watson, Terri Lynn Weaver, Mark White, Ryan Williams, Tim Wirgau, Rick Womick.
Noes: Joe Armstrong, Eddie Bass, Tommie Brown, Scotty Campbell, Karen Camper, Barbara Cooper, Charles Curtiss, John DeBerry, Lois DeBerry, JoAnne Favors, Craig Fitzhugh, Dale Ford, Brenda Gilmore, G.A. Hardaway, Bill Harmon, Mike Harrison, Sherry Jones, Mike Kernell, Mike McDonald, Larry Miller, Gary Moore, Jimmy Naifeh, Gary Odom, Antonio Parkinson, Joe Pitts, Mary Pruitt, Bob Ramsey, Jeanne Richardson, Dennis Roach, Johnny Shaw, David Shepard, Janis Sontany, Mike Stewart, Charles Tidwell, Joe Towns, Jr., Johnnie Turner, Mike Turner, Kent Williams, John Mark Windle.


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Sorry to extend this look back at 2008 over so many posts, and so deep into the new year. But, we'd like to take a gander, and draw your attention to, two fellers who passed in 2008 that might have been overlooked in the rush to cover all the important deaths of last year. One is an author and the other is a musician and cultural icon. We'll start with the author, and finish with the musician, so all y'all can get your mp3 fix with context.
Truth is, we're big fans of the hardboiled, noir crime fiction. From Jim Thompson and Mickey Spillane to James Ellroy and George Pelecanos, and hundreds of points in between (we could spend pages and pages of text on all the great crime novelists, obscure and well-known), we've read voraciously all the pulp we can get our hands on. Maybe it's a style thing, or maybe it says something about us that's best left buried behind the shed. So, it was with great sadness that we learned of the passing of one of the last greats in the genre, James Crumley.
James Crumley had a gift for the poetry of the amoral. None of his protagonists were redeemable, but were saintly in their hangdog and inebriated response to a world gone fucked up and seeded with the blackest thorns. There could be no good ending for Crumley's primary anti-heroes, Milo Milodragovitch and C.W. Sughrue. His novels were the culmination of the Amercian dream gone to shit in the dust and sand-blasted corridor from Montana to Texas, bloody and barren, bereft of a centering point and damned by those dirty deeds done by desperate and rootless men. When bad men try to do the right thing in the face of even worse men, you get a Crumley novel.
Crumley was a writer, and a damn good one, with a keen sense of place, and a feel for the motivations of the down and out. Some have suggested that Crumley himself was not so far removed in temperament from the characters he wrote. Possibly, but who knows, and does it matter? Every novel he wrote had a shimmering brilliance, his lyrical craft on display as the descent into madness played out on a stage built by migrant workers and corrupted souls. One of America's last great authors, unfazed by fad, cleverness, or winking self-acknowledgment, Crumley left our land of letters a little poorer with his going.
From his novel "The Final Country":
"It's done. This may not be my final country. I can still taste the bear in the back of my throat, bitter with the blood of the innocent, and somewhere in my old heart I can still remember the taste of love. Perhaps this is just a resting place. A warm place to drink cold beer. But wherever my final country is, my ashes will go back to Montana when I die. Maybe I've stopped looking for love. Maybe not. Maybe I will go to Paris. Who knows? But I'll sure as hell never go back to Texas again."
Recommended reading:
-The Last Good Kiss (1978)
-The Mexican Tree Duck (1993)
-The Right Madness (2005)
Now, then, the musician.
The passing of Utah Phillips back in May, at the age of 73, seemed to go virtually unnoticed outside of a small group of true believers. Perhaps in this hyper-accelerated culture the news of his death was deemed unimportant to news organizations fixated on the young, beautiful and insipid. In most circles, Phillips' death would hardly even rate a mention...who the hell cares about some old folk-singing, railroad-loving, union-shilling agitator? Well, we care. We care deeply. Utah Phillips was the last of his kind. The last of an America we can only now speak of in past tense. In the world of co-opted protest (bands selling Che t-shirts as a form of "rebellion" for profit, Hot Topic anarchy t-shirts), Phillips did it the hard way, playing Union benefits, agitating for the working-man's cause, hoboing some, and living the life of the Wobbly.
Taking his cue and inspiration from Joe Hill, Phillips created a body of work vast in scope, and essentially American in it's core. His songs, culled from years criss-crossing the country, particularly the West and Southwest, were the voice of everyman, the worker and the dreamer, the downtrodden and the uplifted. Many of Phillips' songs were either prefaced by lengthy stories or were "talking" songs themselves, detailing the many characters Phillips encountered in his travels. Phillips was a chronicler of the missing or lost America, in much the same vein as Studs Terkel, but without the NPR-like sheen of technology at his back (not a rip on Terkel, dear god, they just had different avenues of messaging). His voice laconic and familiar, his guitar work simple and malleable to the tale, Phillips wove the tapestry of the American dream through the eyes of its outcasts, from the doors of a rail car to the bars and dives of the city, from the migrant farms of the West to the Goodnight-Loving Trail.
So douse the campfire, bid goodbye to the lonesome train whistle, and turn off the lights in the Union hall (Eddie Balchowsky will sweep up the ghosts when we're gone), the bohemian bard and Western wayfarer has left the building. Somewhere in the sky there's a new constellation to guide the wanderers.
For a full overview and discography of Utah Phillips please visit here and here.
We plead, no, beg you to give the following tunes a listen and bid goodbye to an American original, and last of his kind. Please note that the track "Holding On" is an excerpt (the spoken intro, really) from Phillips' great "Eddie's Song", remixed by Ani Difranco. Yes, Ani Difranco. She did a pretty nifty job, actually.
Utah Phillips: The Goodnight-Loving Trail (mp3)
Utah Phillips: Rock Me To Sleep (mp3)
Utah Phillips w/Ani DiFranco: Holding On (mp3)
Utah Phillips: Starlight On The Rails (mp3)
Utah Phillips: Solidarity Forever (mp3)
Utah Phillips: All Used Up (mp3)
Tom Waits: The Goodnight-Loving Trail (mp3)
Please support your local storytellers.


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Wednesday, April 7, 2010
the importance of blogging. and free things.
well anyway, my aunt has recently been digging around discovering things about our family's past. she sent this picture out the other day from the early 1900's. my grandfather is the tiny baby with curly hair. i mean, do you love the guy in the middle? wow, can we say ROUGH times? or this one of my grandmother's mother.
obviously my ganny and grandpa came from different backgrounds(i'll let you guess who had it a little more rough...ha). i can't help but want to know more about their story. but mostly, i look at that first picture and think about that "baby" who is now my 85 year old grandfather currently residing in a nursing home(remember this story?). it just paints a picture of how life passes us all by in the blink of an eye. people can know our story, or it can get lost.
i say, no more lost stories. what if you as a mom (or future mom) could give your kids a journal of your life and family that they could read over and over again and then...perhaps pass down to their kids? i have wondered lately what it would be like if my mother was a blogger back in the day. let's be honest, there were no blogs and she was absolutely too busy with 8 children to do such a crazy thing as "scrapbook". mind you, we do have lots of pictures and videos from our childhood...i just want to know more detail-ee stuff. how cool would it be to know what your mom was "in to" at your age. like,
what were her favorite recipes that year?
what the H was she wearing?
what was i doing that week that annoyed her or made her laugh?
did she have girl's weekend's?
did she cuss a little like me?
i could ask her all these questions now i guess, but with 8 kids, she doesn't remember anything from back then anyway. it's true. hence, she needed a blog to log all the craziness of having 8 kids. i'm convinced it would be a hilarious best selling book.
to help me log our life, my goal has been to blog twice a week. i often get made fun of for blogging and have been referred to as a dreaded "mommy blogger". make fun of my virtual show and tell of family, crafts, and funny stories...but i bet you'd feel bad about making fun of me for publishing my blog into a book as a memento to leave my kids. BOOYA, players. (you can go here to find out more about turning your blog into a book).
listen, at some point, i will die. it's sad to think about, but i want my kids to know my story and what i loved to do. i want layne and lila to know how ridiculous they were and how much joy they gave me as a mom. i want them to know how much i adored their dad and how much i loved Jesus. i want them to know to put a lemon in their dishwasher to make it smell fresh. so many random things i'd like to tell them that are surely all over my blog(and will of course forget about unless written down).
even if you aren't a blogger, you can publish your pictures in a cute, high quality book at www.mypublisher.com. i've ordered several books from them and i love them. or go to hotprints.com ,sign up for an account and make a book for free! no shipping, no nothing. and you can get one free book a month! i just ordered one from there to document all the fun things we did this winter...so cute. i mean, it's not a hardback and won't be super high quality, but it's free. and there are so many pictures that just sit on the computer and never get printed. might as well do something with them...think long term. it would be nice to have an album, whether cheap-o or high quality, to pass along to those children(or future kiddos) of yours.
do it.
15 comments:
i completely agree!! i'm not a mom, yet, but this is part of the reason i started blogging. i'm horrible at keeping a journal, but the blog has painted such an accurate picture of who i am at this point in my life. and why did mommy blogger get such a bad connotation? blog on!ReplyDelete
I totally agree! I love blogging even though I'm pretty sure you are my only reader (and my dad now that he discovered it) lol I think my kids will like having a piece of me even if they think I'm weird or crazy...which would be pretty accurate since I think I'm weird and crazy.ReplyDelete
AND I love your blog it is one of the most interesting mommy blogs I have ever read :)
first of all...sheye rosemeyer is like, one of my favorite photogs...i didn't know you like her too!ReplyDelete
secondly, i just started a lil' blogging series about how keith and i met...how funny that you posted this today!
we are soul sisters.
oooh i luv the free stuff! thx james! oh, and don't u think that guy next to the creepy one looks like grant? I wish i knew why Ollie (grandpas mom) was the only one that looks like she "cleaned up" for the picture ... oh the stories behind pictures.ReplyDelete
1. Love the idea! I think everyone should be forced to keep a blog. The world (and future world) would be a better place.ReplyDelete
2. Thanks for the free picture book ideas.
3. Thanks for the "lemon in the dishwasher" idea
4. I really enjoy reading your blog - your recipes, crafts, funny stories. all of it. it's not just a silly mom blog. (Plus I think it's funny that we were both blog stalking each other.)
5. nothing really, just felt like 5 was a good whole number=)
Love this post. I've been inspired lately to really think about our life as a story with all the pieces that make up any good story. And I agree - blogging is a great way to "write" it.ReplyDelete
i love my blog and my blogbooks. i do it for just the same reason...for my kids to read over and over and to pass down for generations. so, haters, keep hating. my your kids will be jealous of what my kids have...a window into their childhood!ReplyDelete
Excellent post for me today! I have been struggling this week with blogging. What to write. Why I write. Why I'm motivated.ReplyDelete
genius! i love it. now i have a good reason to tell people why i'm spending my time blogging. thanks!ReplyDelete
Hi! I don't know if Mark keeps tabs on your blog (I know my hubby doesn't) but I found your blog through my friend's and I wanted to tell Mark HI! This is Erin Oborn (Tenney now) and Mark was a great friend of mine in High School.ReplyDelete
Your kids are gorgeous! Tell Mark HI and to check out my fam's blog: briananderintenney.blogspot.com
thanks for encouraging me to blog again... and THANK YOU finally for my beautiful flower clip. it totally brightened my day {and my wardrobe.} i may just find a creative way to wear it everyday :). i'll have to make some too so i can change it up every once in a while.ReplyDelete
anyway, you rock.
love, jenn
Hey thanks for the info. I have been putting my life in journals since high school, but I love the idea of pictures and a hardbound book. Yeah!ReplyDelete
Oh and love the first pic of your family...it was a rough life, ha ha
The Blurb book is the best. I made one for my mom too, and she takes it to show her friends. It's so much cheaper than scrapbooking and tells the stories even better!ReplyDelete
Kristin L sent me over here!ReplyDelete
Loved the encouragement. And I as well found the printing blogs to books and LOVE it!
New friend here! I completely agree with the fact that blogging is a fantastic way to leave something for your children and family to remember you by -- also a great way for them to maybe learn something they never knew about you :)ReplyDelete


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Impulsive College Women at Risk for Alcohol Problems
A negative element associated with gender equality is the observation that during the last three decades, young women have been drinking more.
The increased emphasis of heavy drinking among young women increases the risk of developing alcohol use disorders (AUDs) as well as other negative consequences such as sexual assault and physical injuries.
Prior research has shown that college students drink more than their non-college peers.
A new study of the influence of impulsivity-related traits and drinking motives has found that an impulsivity trait called "negative urgency" predicted increases in AD symptoms among college women.
Study results are found online and will be published in the February 2013 issue of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research.
"In the last 30 years, young women have been 'catching up' to young men in that binge drinking has been increasing in this group," said Monika Kardacz Stojek, a corresponding author for the study.
"Drinking habits often form in young adulthood, so if a young person gets into the habit of drinking heavily, it may be harder for her to break this habit as an adult. Additionally, because of physiological differences between men and women, women may have more immediate and severe physical symptoms if they consume as much alcohol as a binge-drinking male peer in a short amount of time."
"Among college women, the population examined by this study, excessive alcohol consumption is associated with numerous very negative consequences," said Gregory Smith, Ph.D., university research professor at the University of Kentucky.
"These include impaired academic performance, increased risk of sexual assault, increased risk of injury by accident, and even increased risk of death."
"There are different 'types' of impulsivity," said Stojek, "and we wanted to examine the effects of these different types on AD symptoms.
"For example, we wanted to study the effects of acting impulsively while distressed versus the effects of sensation seeking. We chose the first semester of college because it is an important period in the development of drinking habits.
"Alcohol is often used as a mechanism for initiating social relationships in college. Within this risky environment, personality traits play a role in influencing individuals' behavior. Therefore, the first semester of college is a very informative developmental period to study risk for problem drinking."
In the study, researcher's recruited 319 women enrolled in their first semester of college introductory psychology classes at a large Southeastern university; of these, 235 were drinkers.
All participants were given the Short-form Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (S-MAST), which consists of 13 questions regarding drinking behavior and AUD symptoms.
The influence of five traits of impulsive behavior – negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of deliberation, lack of persistence, and sensation seeking – as well as drinking motives on S-MAST scores were compared from baseline to approximately three months later.
"We found that negative urgency, an impulsivity trait which describes a tendency to act rashly when experiencing negative emotions, predicted increases in symptoms of AD in young women across their first semester of college," said Stojek.
"Additionally, lack of deliberation, an impulsivity construct indicating acting without thinking, predicted increases in symptoms of AD across the first semester of college in young adult women. Finally, women who had high negative urgency and stated that they wanted to drink to alter emotional experiences (either to enhance positive feelings or get rid of negative feelings) at the start of the semester, had the biggest increases in symptoms."
"My clinical experience is very consistent with the findings of this study," said Smith.
"Women who tend to act rashly when distressed, and who perceive drinking as helping them cope with distress, tend to end up with more alcohol-related problems. Also, women who are motivated to drink to enhance a positive experience, and who lack deliberation – meaning they do not plan ahead – also end up with more alcohol-related problems.
"Clinically, I have found that college women who intend to drink to enhance their experience, but who plan ahead and, for example, agree to leave with their girlfriends at a certain time, appear to be at reduced risk for sexual assault than women who do not plan ahead in ways that would increase their security."
Both Stojek and Smith believe these findings can be helpful at multiple levels.
"The delineation of two interactive pathways that appear to influence risk even in the short-term provides a useful advance for both researchers and clinicians," said Smith. "Clinicians can assess impulsivity-related traits and drinking motives and then fashion interventions most suited to the individual woman."
"This study adds further clarity to the types of personality traits and motivational factors that are at play in increasing symptoms of AD in young adult women across a critical period of the first semester of college," added Stojek.
"College women should learn to plan ahead when they go drinking," cautioned Smith, "in order to reduce their risk for problems. Women who tend to get impulsive when distressed should seek training from mental health professionals on effective ways to avoid impulsive actions that prove harmful.
"Parents and college administrators should not underestimate the risks associated with heavy drinking during the college years."
Stojek agreed. "It seems that women who know that they tend to act without thinking when they are upset should be aware that they might be more at risk for negative consequences from drinking if they impulsively drink while in that negative mood," she said.
Source: Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research
Young woman drinking alcohol photo by shutterstock.
Nauert PhD, R. (2018). Impulsive College Women at Risk for Alcohol Problems. Psych Central. Retrieved on September 27, 2020, from https://psychcentral.com/news/2012/11/12/impulsive-college-women-at-risk-for-alcohol-problems/47491.html
Last reviewed: By a member of our scientific advisory board on 8 Aug 2018
Published on Psych Central.com. All rights reserved.


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Featured on 100 Layer Cake
I am over the moon that our "Mexi-Modern" Wedding Inspiration shoot is featured on 100 Layer Cake! I am excited to share some more pictures as well as the original sketches for the design. The inspiration for this photo shoot came to me when I stumbled upon a book cover I found in my grandmothers library. The spine was color-blocked with teal, French blue, terra cotta, bubblegum and citron green. This unusual combo surprisingly worked, and I knew I wanted to bring this palette to life with a modern yet crafty design, but needed the perfect opportunity. A few months later, I received an email from Tim Mannle, a Connecticut based wedding photographer who was going to be visiting New Mexico. He asked if I would put together an inspiration shoot at a venue in Santa Fe. Coincidentally, the Center for Contemporary Arts was interested in highlighting their modern space as an event venue. The perfect opportunity had presented itself!
The concept for the ceremony scene was a bare tipi structure made of large wood poles. I created "Ojos de Dreams;" a melding of the Ojo de Dios Mexican yarn crafts and the Native American dreamcatcher. The result was a graphic and bold design, and paired with rustic wood and yarn, these magical pieces embodied the "Mexi-Modern" theme perfectly. Our "tipi" was decorated with geometric garlands in teal, blue and citron and the "Ojos de Dreams".
The metal, industrial chairs were also decorated with tasseled garlands and hand-embroidered pillows. Embellished maracas and tambourines rested on the seats for the guests to cheer on the bride and groom as they walked down the aisle.
The bridal bouquet created by Melissa Paquin of Renegade Floral was lush and textural with blooms in peach, pale yellow, coral and ivory. Cascading ribbons with geometric patterns paired beautifully with the thread tassels in neon yellow, coral, teal and blue. The grooms unique orchid boutonniere even had a few tassels on it!
To juxtapose with the lush bouquet and to keep with the contemporary space, my wing-woman Johanna Frenz took on the wardrobe styling and she put the bride in an ivory jumpsuit! It was fabulous with a pair of cobalt J.Crew pumps, a woven sash of Ecuadorian fabric, and a hot pink peony in the bride's hair. This unexpected look fit right in to our Mexi-Modern scene.
Bringing the design for the tablescape to life was one of my favorite things to create. A weathered wood table was topped with ikat fabric runners and edged with blue, teal and neon tassels. Set diagonally on the runners were long wood boxes filled with sand, a spot for the punch of whole citrus fruits and fresh flowers to gather.
Hot pink taper candles, set in brushed gold candlesticks brought a festive vibe. I painted terra cotta chargers to echo the geometric motif and keep the color palette alive. Individual place settings were kept modern with clean lines of the flatware and place cards made of laser cut wood. We had the ikat fabric to match the napkins and stitched geometric hems in neon thread.
Of course, we had to include the tequila shots, poured into classic Mexican glassware, and accented with key lime slices and salted rims.
The tequila also made another appearance on our Paleta Bar. Johanna also happens to makes a mean popsicle and to spin-off the classic Mexican paleta, she made them a little booze-y; the "Tequila-Limon" and "Guava-Colada" pops. What a great alternative dessert or even a signature cocktail for a summer wedding!
We collaborated with Cassie Templeman of Peanut Press for the print elements. She knocked it out of the park with her design and we were over-the-moon thrilled! It was clean and modern but still carried the thread of our Central American folk-art motif.
To think that this idea first began with an arbitrary mix of colors on a book's spine…and the result was a photo shoot that combined handmade folk art and modern neon. We were blown away that it worked! Every element added a particular touch that helped to create this cohesive and distinct mash-up, Mexi-Modern!
Click HERE to see the feature on 100 Layer Cake
Concept + Art Direction ~ Jessie Baca of Jessie Baca Weddings and Events / Styling, Paletas~ Johanna Frenz of Jessie Baca Weddings and Events / Photographer ~ Tim Mannle / Stationery ~ Cassie Templeman of Peanut Press, / Floral ~ Melissa Paquin of Renegade Floral / Make-Up ~ Svetlana Britt / Models ~ Nicole and Kai Kuller / Venue ~ Center for Contemporary Arts


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"Listen to me. Be quiet. Turn that down. Pay attention. Stop screaming. That's too loud. Indoor voices."
How many times a week have we said those words (or similar ones) to our kids? My five year old gets asked to turn down the volume on his beloved Madden NFL game several times a day and my older son to turn down the volume on the TV just as often. Frankly, I do it because all that noise drives me bonkers. Yet I recently learned that should continue to do this not only to save my sanity but also to protect them from hearing loss.
According to USA Today, one in five teens has noticeable hearing loss. That number is over 30% more than just ten years ago. Those numbers are staggering and they are continuing to rise. Hearing loss among children is a real and serious issue.
The Starkey Hearing Foundation is working to promote hearing health awareness and education. Along with celebrity supporters such as Mily Cyrus, the movement is trying to teach children and teens that music is so much more than a noise streaming through headphones. If they choose to listen carefully rather than loudly, they will be more likely to take in the beat, the lyrics, the instruments, the notes and the rhythm of the music. However, if they continue to listen at such high decibels, they may simply lose the ability to hear the music at all. Noticeable hearing loss among kids can be prevented in many cases.
Several other celebrities have gotten involved with the Starkey Hearing Foundation movement too, such as Adrian Peterson, Giuliana & Bill Rancic and the New York Yankees. For more information about the amazing work of The Starkey Hearing Foundation in preventing noticeable hearing loss in children, go to: http://www.starkeyhearingfoundation.org/index.php
Lowering the volume of headphones is such a simple thing to do. It could possibly even save their ears from hearing loss. Protect your child's hearing now by continuing to encourage them to lower the volume. Our children's hearing is more fragile than we knew so let's encourage them not to listen loudly, but rather to listen carefully.
I don't know about you, but I'd be pretty happy if my children were listening to me more carefully!
The National Institute of Health has tips on their website for protecting your child from hearing loss at http://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/parents/Pages/Default.aspx
Let's help our kids learn to listen so that they may continue to hear.
The Starkey Hearing Foundation delivers more than 50,000 hearing aids annually through more than 100 hearing missions a year in countries stretching from the U.S. to Vietnam. Found the Marbles supports non-profit organizations in their goal of serving others and did not receive compensation for this post. Photo Credit: © Richard Thorp | Dreamstime.com Source: USATODAY.com


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Announcement of Columbia's Upcoming Role as host of ServiceNation Presidential Candidates Forum on Sept. 11
Dear fellow member of the Columbia community,
I am delighted to welcome you back for the new academic year with some exciting news. Columbia University has been selected to host "ServiceNation Presidential Candidates Forum" next Thursday evening as a partner in the ServiceNation Summit that will take place in New York on September 11-12.
On September 11, a day of remembrance that ServiceNation organizers intend for nonpartisan reflection on our obligations as citizens, we look forward to welcoming both Senator John McCain and Senator Barack Obama back to our campus for a nationally broadcast conversation in Alfred Lerner Hall about the future of national service moderated by TIME Magazine editor Richard Stengel and PBS NewsHour anchor Judy Woodruff. Governor David Paterson is scheduled to provide a welcome to the event.
It is entirely fitting for us to become part of this two-day conclave that will bring together so many admired leaders in our country to consider ways to expand the scope and scale of successful service programs throughout the nation. Public service and active involvement in the issues facing our society have always been an essential part of Columbia's identity and academic mission. As a leading research university in our nation's greatest urban center, ours is a campus of robust engagement in the life of our neighborhood and City, our nation and our world.
Each year, thousands of Columbia students across all our schools, colleges and affiliates participate in hundreds of service learning, volunteer action and social entrepreneurship programs here in New York and across the globe. We look forward to having this very public event spark an ongoing conversation within our own University community about strategies to further enhance the role of service and citizenship in Columbia's academic mission.
Given our limited space, we will ensure that all seating available goes to students in our University community. Students will receive a follow-up email tomorrow with details regarding how to register for the ticket lottery.
While it will not be a presidential debate, but rather two individual conversations, this nonpartisan Forum is one of only a few times that John McCain and Barack Obama are scheduled to appear on the same stage during the general election campaign. We are delighted to be part of an event on a theme so important to all citizens and to Columbians.
Lee C. Bollinger


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On raising a son on the autism spectrum, progressive politics, pop culture, and coffee addiction.
Tuesday, October 03, 2006
The high cost of "high function"
Even if we look at particular skill sets in isolation, it's difficult to clearly define what constitutes "high" and "low" functioning. Take language, for example. On the surface, we would assess a child who is able to use language conversationally as "high functioning" and one who is not as "low functioning," with a broad spectrum of ability between the two. Right?
I'm not so sure.
I began to consider this issue when I read Cammie McGovern's Eye Contact, a mystery novel set primarily in a school. Several characters in the novel are either identified as autistic or described in a manner that implies that they are on the spectrum. One boy, identified as autistic, uses very little language. His limitations in that area are fully recognized by other characters and he has staff who work closely with him as he successfully manages each school day. A second boy is articulate and verbose and, though he's not specifically identified as such, he appears to have Aspergers. Because he is smart and verbal, he is frequently left alone to navigate complicated and confusing social environments at school. As a result, he is bullied and assaulted by classmates.
I wonder: which boy has "higher functioning" at school?
I look around my real-life work environment and consider two young men, Christopher and David, who are in the incoming class of college students. I don't have any specific information about their neurology, and my conclusions about them are based only on observation and speculation. However, what I see tells me that Christopher may have some sort of language processing disorder. His writing is clear and precise, but conversations with him are slow. When asked a question, Christopher pauses, his eyes scanning the ceiling as if he's searching for a cue card stashed there. His pauses last an unusually long time, and are typically followed by a brief answer - sometimes as brief as "yes" or "no."
After a single conversation with Christopher, other people on campus can (and do) clearly recognize his challenge and make reasonable accommodation for him by slowing their rate of speech, giving him more time to process his response, and, when possible, providing him opportunities to converse through writing instead of speech.
David, by contrast, is quick with verbal comebacks and retorts. His answers are so articulate, in fact, that it's easy to get the impression that their acerbic bite is intentionally designed to insult the recipient. David talks at length about his areas of interest - his esoteric collections of things foreign to most college-aged people. He seems indignant and self-righteous when he insists that his peers must know what these things are, and that only an imbecile would lack such knowledge.
David enjoys playing his music (Peter, Paul, and Mary; Arlo Guthrie - not the standard Dave Matthews college student fare) frequently and loudly, much to the chagrin of his neighbors, who have complained to their Resident Director. When the RD asked David about it, he responded that things were going well on the floor. He knew this, he said, because every time someone had a problem with his music, they told him and he turned the music down. He reported that he got this request three or four times a day, and each time he happily obliged.
David was unable to generalize from the specific in this situation - to draw the conclusion that if his neighbors were asking him to reduce his volume four times a day, they would prefer that he keep his volume lower all the time. He was also unable to read the nonverbal cues from his neighbors, which most certainly indicated their decreasing patience with his continuing noise.
Again, I wonder: As Christopher and David progress through their first semester at college, who will be more successful in the world of college housing - slow-talking, less verbal, "lower functioning" Christopher, or fast-talking, more verbal, "higher functioning" David?
I thought about it a third time with an example much closer to home. Bud is verbal, but he continues to struggle with sustained conversation and he often relies on mitigated echolalia and scripts to make his points. Our blog-friend Owen, on the other hand, is very verbal and would be considered "higher" than Bud on the scale of verbal functioning.
Both Owen's mom, Tara, and I were nervous about our sons' transitions to school this year. Bud made the transition well, with extraordinary support from his teacher, classroom aide, and special education staff. Owen, on the other hand, was forced to withdraw from school after experiencing not just a lack of support, but also actions that made his transition more difficult - and, ultimately, impossible.
Clearly, one primary difference is that Bud is in a student-centered, collaborative school system and Owen was not. Beyond that, though, I wonder to what extent the staff of Owen's school underestimated the level of support he would need because they focused too much on the strength of his language and failed to recognize the challenges of his autism. By dismissing him as "too high functioning" to require significant accommodation, they created a dysfunctional - and now, a non-functional - learning environment for Owen.
It's examples like these that make me reject the "high-functioning" and "low-functioning" descriptors and regard them as inadequate, ineffective, and inappropriate. And, I have to say, if these are the classifications that will drive the services my son receives, that will shape the responses he gets from other people - if the degree of accommodation, understanding, collaboration and compassion that people will be willing to proffer will be based solely on their assessment of his "functioning level" - then I can sum up my philosophy in two words:
Aim low.
44 comments:
Wow. As always, you hit the nail on the head. Heck, a whole row of nails on the head. I am new to Owen's blog and I am outraged for him. He looks so happy now that he's home! As always, thank you.
- October 03, 2006 9:14 PM
- kristina said...
I continually try to excise and debate these terms in my head----Charlie, with his limited language, cannot do a number of things (including being in an inclusive classroom setting) and can do some things very well, quite beyond what is "functioning" level would suggest. As Charlie has always been "minimally" (if not, in his younger days, "non" verbal), the "low" label has always hovered near him. And it is somewhat ironic (if not very ironic, perhaps) that the more speech Charlie has gained, the more certain obsessions and anxieties have grown.
And then in Eye Contact, the character who is "recovered" from autism still has plenty of struggles, and in need of many supports.
- October 03, 2006 9:29 PM
- The Jedi Family of Blogs said...
I agree wholeheartedly with your assessment of the "high" & "low" functioning designations. B is very verbal- has always been- but I worry very much that this facility will be generalised by others into mistaken assumptions as to his other abilities. Fortunately B is also in a child-centered school & getting a lot of support, but he's still having a rough time transitioning this year. The situation you described with David is conceivably something that could happen to B & it does worry me...
- October 03, 2006 11:27 PM
- ballastexistenz said...
If the word "inclusive" is being used to mean "a place where someone has to be able to do a certain amount of things to go there," then it's being used inaccurately.
- October 04, 2006 12:01 AM
- n. said...
I left my previous job after making a series of "typical autistic" social mistakes that were sort of one of the catalysts for me being involved in some really ugly department politics.
I asked a psych professor I knew (who sort of knew about the politics) "where would a person go to be dx with Asperger Syndrome?" and he said "why?" and I told him and he said "you can't be autistic, or if you are, you are REALLY HIGH FUNCTIONING."
Yeah right, and I was really functioning in my job, too?!
- October 04, 2006 12:34 AM
- Wendy said...
While I want C to get the help he needs, I also want more than anything in the world for him to be more verbal. He can talk - he has hundreds of words - but he mostly labels objects. His only real expressive language consists of, "I want _____." It's extremely frustrating for both of us - I never know when he's hungry, thirsty, tired, happy, sad, hurt or sick. He mostly communicates these feelings by screaming...and I don't always "get" it.
Lately I've been very depressed because it seems that no matter what we do to try and help him, it doesn't work. I find myself extremely jealous of parents whose children are verbal.
So would I trade the situation we're in now? If C were to become (more) verbal, but that would mean I would have more problems with a school system that assumes he's "higher functioning" and therefore may not need as much support, would I make that trade? Absolutely. School systems can be dealt with, IEP's can be called upon and revised if needed but C's life (I believe) will be much more difficult and challenging if he can't express himself verbally.
- October 04, 2006 11:11 AM
- MOM-NOS said...
Wendy, point taken. I don't mean to suggest that being "less verbal" is better than being "more verbal." (Though I admit to being a little snarky in my concluding paragraph.)
What I'm trying to say is that I don't think there are universal standards that define the "Good Kind of Autism" and the "Bad Kind of Autism." All of our autistic children face challenges, and their challenges need to be acknowledged, addressed, and accommodated no matter what their degree.
- October 04, 2006 11:23 AM
- Wendy said...
I know. I'm sorry. I'm just feeling a bit down lately.
And you're right - all of our children need and deserve services despite their level of "functioning."
- October 04, 2006 11:50 AM
With your permission, I would like to print off this particular entry of your blog with comments.
I met with a colleague over the weekend who has a young girl of 7 in her class with autism.
The Cumulative file the previous schools have sent has label after label, and assumption after assumption. I would love for her to be able to make up her own mind as to this young lady's capabilities. I think this current blog will give her thoughts to ponder and something for her less than supportive administration something to chew on as well.
Would you let me know if that would be alright. I'll check back later today.
- October 04, 2006 1:18 PM
- MOM-NOS said...
FWIW - Permission granted. Thanks for asking. I hope it helps!
- October 04, 2006 1:22 PM
Thanks so much.
And PS. regarding Owen...is it not mandatory that the school district provides a program for this lad? Our province has a policy that, an educational program must be offered to all children between the ages of 5-18 regardless of disability or academic level of learning. If Owen were here, and his placement had not been successful, then it is up to the district to make it so it is or find him a spot where his needs will be met. Is that not a standard of education in the US? I also found Kristina's comment interesting... here, any child can, and is facilitated into an integrated (regardless of "disability")classroom whenever the parents request or if the consultants utilized in the school system feel that the child would benefit. Our MP ( equivalent to your senators I think???) has a son with Autism who has no oral language. His son is integrated into a fulltime Grade 4or5 class. Facilitations are made so each child may attend the school of their choice ie. the neighbourhood school.( Mr. Lake has also lobbied successfully for a number of educational policies on a federal level regarding children with special needs. Again, is there no Federal policy on education like that in the US?
- October 04, 2006 2:30 PM
- Mom said...
I have been discussing this very matter with Dan, our wraparound behavioral psychologist.
I believe that because our child had a non-diagnosed condition (profound tongue-tie) at the time of his autism diagnosis, that if he were re-diagnosed he might be considered 'less autistic' than they originally thought.
Dan said, "Let it go. If they rediagnose him he will lose all of his services and he needs them."
I feel this need for our son to be accurately diagnosed, but Dan is right, something is working well for Charlie and let's not rock the IEP boat.
Thanks for the post today, it said something that I really need to hear.
- October 04, 2006 3:59 PM
- Daisy said...
This one hit close to home. Amigo (age 14) has Aspergers, a "high-functioning" form of autism, and he is considered to be aon the "high end" of the Aspergers spectrum. We have struggled to get the district to realize that they need to recognize the diagnosis and provide services. Last year...but that would take several posts to describe.
- October 04, 2006 7:39 PM
- JenF said...
Like Daisy's Amigo, my Ky has been diagnosed with Asperger's though it was phrased more along the lines of 'this will get him what he needs'. Ky is at a point where I think different people will either see it or not. Thankfully, our school has been wonderful.
- October 05, 2006 8:33 AM
- KAL said...
MOM-NOS, I really enjoy your blog. You always write such thought-provoking posts and this one really made me think about the disparity between my twins and how one seems more "low functioning" than the other, but also how it's really not that black and white. Thanks.
- October 05, 2006 9:06 AM
- mysamiam said...
I am so glad you wrote this wonderful post. It really hits it on the head. Our Sam had no language until 3. His words now are starting to flourish, but so much of it is scripted. He was much "lower functioning" as told to us earlier on, and we have been inching towards "higher functioning" only because of the language usage. What has gotten harder is that now that he has words, our tantrums have gotten worse, stimming more, routines greater, because it is almost harder for him now, and he needs more structure and comfort since he is misunderstood more by adding this new tool, called words. I know it will get better, but I know it is so hard for him now. Before it was almost like a mime game in communicating. Now we add words that he doesn't always understand, but repeats, and then gets frustrated with because it is another thing we can't always understand. So, I struggle with "language" being a main tool of separating (not my choice of words) "lower" and "higher" functioning. This is really healthy discussion for the community.
- October 05, 2006 9:52 AM
Thank you for once again expanding my thinking on the labels and what they might really mean to our children. My son has a PDD-NOS diagnosis, has an outgoing personality, is very verbal, etc., and is often described as "high functioning." Yet when we were having him evaluated by our public school system last year to determine what services he would receive, his (very experienced)teacher stressed that we answer the questions based on worse(not better) days. She wanted to make sure that he would "get what he needs."
Having a child with different abilities makes me look closer at the problem of playing to the child's strengths while still developing the delayed or missing areas. Like the rest of life, it's an incredible balancing act, and the center seems to shift daily.
- October 05, 2006 11:32 AM
- Mom to Mr. Handsome said...
I think this is your best blog yet.
Gabe was diagnosed "low" by our school district when he was 22 months old. The quality of services didn't change, high or low. Our district just wanted to "box him up and ship him out" a one size fits all mentality.
I hope one day soon that they will be able to see how unique each of our children are, irregaurdless of the label they want to place on them.
- October 05, 2006 5:18 PM
Thank you for another important post, outlining the pitfalls of autism spectrum labels. Owen unfortunately found himself outside of the circle of support that some of his autistic counterparts fit into.
I met with a caseworker today who shared with me the experience of one boy she knows, with Asperger's. His teacher was careful to always include him, support him and teach him in ways that he could understand. She was always ready to embrace his differences and honor his place in her class.
We were not so lucky. But I believe in moving foward, in peace and finding a new way to teach and support Owen. So far he is enjoying his time at home and is just as eager as ever to explore and discover the world. I am very grateful for that.
- October 05, 2006 6:32 PM
- MOM-NOS said...
for what it's worth - The short answer to your question is yes; the school system is required to provide adequate accommodation ("free appropriate public education") to children with identified need. The problem in Owen's case was that the school administration and Owen's family disagreed about the "appropriateness" of the staffing and services he was receiving. My sense is that it got further complicated by Owen's teacher's dishonesty (saying that she had done things she hadn't, or hadn't done things that she had.) I think it became such a complicated mess that Tara opted to walk away. (Tara, did I represent that accurately?)
The law also mandates that children should be in the "least restrictive environment" possible, though, of course, the "to the maximum extent appropriate" qualifier can be the subject of debate in individual circumstances.
More information is available here.
- October 06, 2006 8:51 AM
Thanks for the answer. Sad to hear about Owen's situation. I have to freely admit, there are teachers out there who want no part in facilitating student's with differing needs.( Anything from gifted children to children with severe learning diffiuclties). I hope one day that every child is offered the education that they deserve regardless of fiancial, medical, learning style, or even country.
I think, blogs with comments and writing like yours offer parents who might not otherwise feel as though they have many rights, see that not only are there rights, but there is support for them from parent's and educator's alike.
I appreciate your blog for this and for the wonderful chronicling of your journey through parenthood.
- October 06, 2006 4:03 PM
see, this is just the thing that troubles me about the high vs. low functioning termology. my son uses language until the cows come home and then he carries on, coming up with creative ways one could do any number of things. tonight it was how one could return pluto the the realm of this solar sytem's planets ("i know! maybe it's the asteroid belt! if we were to insert a second asteroid belt between the outer gas giants and pluto, maybe that would explain why it's so differnt, the way the asteroid belt that we do have is between the inner rock planets and the outer gas planets and then it could be considered a planet again" etc etc.) but this is a guy who only recently has been able to experience being around another child, and i mean even ONE OTHER YOUNGER CALM CHILD as positive and even the tiniest bit fun.
the terms don't mean anything and yet, they can mean so much when it comes to how much help the child and the family are able to get from our current 'systems', important help, critical help.
ugh. it saddens me.
- October 06, 2006 8:53 PM
- mysamiam said...
So tonight I visited that lovely "Autism Speaks" site. Check out this article written by Alison Singer. I must admit, that my heart hurts even more for her daughter, and I wish I could adopt her.
- October 07, 2006 12:43 AM
- neil said...
I noticed in comments that you said '...All of our autistic children face challenges...'. I recall the time I was at a school council meeting at my daughters specialist school, when someone described their child as autistic and the principal of the school said that none of the kids in the school were autistic, sure they had autism, but all the students were just kids with some issues and that really opened my eyes. I now look at my daughter exactly the same as my other kids or anyone elses, she's not 'autistic' but does have issues we are working on. I don't know if thinking this way would make a difference to anyone else, but it sure did for me. Our kids are just kids like any others.
- October 07, 2006 1:53 AM
- MOM-NOS said...
Neil, thanks for your thoughts. I understand what you're saying. My perspective on the issue is actually a bit different, and I use the term "autistic" intentionally. I've written about my reasons for that here.
- October 07, 2006 12:35 PM
- MOM-NOS said...
I should also point you to this post by Jim Sinclair, which is really what made me start to re-think my language.
- October 07, 2006 12:40 PM
my name is jamie, i am 17. What you write her make me think because recently this has happend to me.
My speeck (the content, not the exacution) is often good, but i struggle alot with things like cooking meals and remebering to do things. I also struggle with understanding what people mean.
a long time ago they though i had aspergers / autism. but because my speek was good when i moved away (i live in fostercare) my new foster parenst said it wasent correct and dissmissed it. later foster carers and myself didnt know and it caused lots of problems.
An irony is, there is an autism unit at my school and they spotted it two years ago when i started going there.
Right now i am waiting at a "specisl needs center" which is totally wrong for me, for an assement which niether of the two counties that i have lived in will do. one keeps saying its the other responsibility.
i am trapped here missing school and a place i have been offerd at the unit untill they sort it out.
all of this because i could say stuff well. all because i had a normal act, that people knew i was doing, but didnt want to think why.
Make me angery.
hopeing this makes sense.
jammie & lion
- October 08, 2006 12:30 PM
- Shelli Stanley said...
Thank you for this post. It is well written and asks a very important question.
So far, my son has been doing well in school, but I am constantly watching and waiting for the tide to turn. That sounds so morbid...but I'm sure many moms and dads out there know how I feel.
- November 11, 2008 2:20 PM
- tracey (aka rainbowmummy) said...
Very well said!
- November 13, 2008 4:16 AM
Simple: "High-functioning" is adaptive enough to learn what most people know intuitively. As for the being bullied thing, I for one am glad I was given hell as a child. It thought me cynicism, something that has served me well wherever it was applied. Some people are confused and depressed when they don't understand what someone is saying-I've come to realize that it is all basically meaningless.
- April 24, 2009 4:52 PM
- Angel said...
Wonderful post!
- July 25, 2009 8:30 PM
- Dwight said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- October 18, 2009 1:30 AM
- Binxcat1 said...
OK LADY... WHO ARE YOU AND HOW DID YOU GET IN MY HEAD! This post sums up EXACTLY the problems we are now facing... we are dealing with multiple cases of "Well, he musn't be THAT bad"-itis... both from the "authorities" and sadly even our own family. I mean WTF is that supposed to mean? How do they think I will respond to THAT pearl of wisdom. When our son was diagnosed we were given a letter... it said "the diagnosis of autism"... no high or low or middle range... just "autism"... so I always just said, "my son is autistic"... it has only been recently that I have used the term High Functioning when speaking to people who have no idea or their only experience of autism is "Rainman"... or completely non-verbal. At the end of the day if the "label" gets your child help use it... but it seems to be a double edged sword... that label also seems to have absolved the education system of any responsibilty of actually teaching my son. Sorry feeling just a little bit cynical today.
- March 21, 2010 12:38 PM
Well, I wish I had found you sooner, but I found you now and now was almost perfect. I'm comforted by your understanding if not a little jealous of your abilities.
I just finished part II of a 2-day, 5 hour PPT with my son's school where I have finally succeeded in having his eligibility to receive services restored and an IEP reinstated. This of course after almost 2 full years that, well I can't fully face how detrimental it has been for him, especially the bullying, but it has been a long road to get here. I did everything I could, sought outside evaluations, changed his diet, tried to persuade teachers to follow my lead. I tried.
Unfortunately what it took, was for the situation to worsen, for a little more disfunction, for him to scream at the top of his lungs with a piercing high pitched head splitting volume filled with such a passionate expression of need that no one would be able to deny they understood him. And with this, he did it. He got the ball rolling.
I wish I had been more perceptive, more articulate, more persuasive so that I might have secured services before it got to this...but at least we got there. He is smart, articulate and "quirky" but there is small comfort in high functioning.
- May 21, 2010 4:32 PM
- MOM-NOS said...
Anonymous, thanks for your kind words, but really - abandon the jealousy. The blog makes me appear to have more answers than I really do. It's all in the editing.
I'm glad to hear that your son is getting the attention he needs, though I'm sorry to hear it took a very difficult situation to make it happen.
I think it's worth it, though. I have been thinking about this post a lot this month, and four years after I wrote it, I think it deserves an update:
"Higher functioning" David did not persist past the first semester of his sophomore year.
"Lower functioning" Christopher graduated this month, after four years of being actively engaged in the college community.
- May 24, 2010 11:05 AM
My four year old son was diagnosed with Aspergers this summer. "High Functioning" is the first words out of many people's mouths when I tell them about the diagnosis. But how I wish I understood that he has autism last summer when I was so frustrated with a child who had taught himself to read, but was so difficult to potty-train. That is the pitfall of assumptions about kids who can "pass." I wish I had had more patience for us both.
- September 16, 2010 1:52 AM
I agree with your post. Wow, what a boring way to start a comment. :) I was diagnosed as having NLD about six years ago, which apparently doesn't have classification as "high" or "low" functioning officially, but according to what the school board thinks of my test scores, I don't have a learning dissability. I may do well academically, but social stuff is my problem, and of course the people in charge don't see that.
- September 28, 2010 8:07 PM
- Aimers1212 said...
WOW! I never thought of it that way! That is one of the biggest issues I have with my son. People expect more out of him then he is able to deliver b/c he is very intelligent and charismatic (plus tall for his age) so people seem to assume that he is older than he is and don't see that just b/c he can fit in well enough to get along in the world, he still has many sensory issues as well as the OCD and anxiety. They don't cut him any slack at all. This all makes sense with the way you described this. We homeschool him b/c the school did not have best interest in mind at all.
- January 28, 2011 1:01 AM
I know this is an old entry but I felt compelled to comment anyway.. My daughter is 10 with aspergers so she is 'high functioning' and it does have its drawbacks. Because she is smart and articulate she is high functioning and that seems to overshadow the fact that she struggles with noise, people, social situations, is extremely literal, and has little understanding of some things. She has the emotional maturity of a 5 yr old.
And when your child is high functioning people are not understanding. They see my child as rude and spoiled and we are just 'overindulgent'. It's very frustrating bc I know she sounds horrible but when she is stressed her tone gets bad even if she can maintain everything else the tone becomes horrible. She cant help it. Unless she is very relaxed she sounds rude and angry adn she is only relaxed when at home.
- July 01, 2011 9:54 AM
- ross rubin said...
I myself, have ppdnoss and I am 33 years old. I've struggled all my life to fit in. Looking so normal and people not realizing I have a severe disability, but am so high funtitoning and aware of my surrounding that I can try to hide my disability as much as possible by appearance. I really stuggle with sensory issues, non literal language and ques and transitioning from one thing to another, but am able to be very independent,living on my own, driving, working,etc. I have a tendancy to go in to too much detail in certain situations or overanalyze things and sometimes emesh myself with other people feelings and can't seperate myself from them. I see things black and white, but have an open mind to other people perspectives and can emphasize with them about things but limited by my own view. I feel for these parents and others with this disability. Professionals sometimes don't get how high funtioning you can be and still be struggling so much as somebody lower funtioning. Some tell you these are your strengths and weakness and except them. They don't truly know what a person with this disorder true potential is. It takes years of treatments, phycology, and other combination's of treatments to overcome these obsticals. It angers me when I hear a professional say this person has mental retardation and autism, when your brain with autism is processing the information so differently and things are out of snync. You can't get real accurate test scores on them. I had an iq 20 points differnet from 85 to 105. I could of easily been labled slow too.
- August 21, 2011 10:57 PM
- ross rubin said...
I know some of the people with aspbergers syndrome and there so high functioninng they almost talk in there own language and are so brilliant,but they struggle to just dress themselves and hold on to a job because they can't socially connect and understand their surroundings. I didn't stuggle with those things,but I struggle with the more complex part of making decisions and being too aware of my surroundings. Needing help with picking out clothes for special occasions,getting advice when things come up with friends or family, keeping up with a lot of money I may make at a job or social situations that I feel I might of caused someone to misunderstand me and need help processing it rather then going to my Mom for support at 33 years old. There is not really any support for us unless your more severe.
- August 21, 2011 11:30 PM
Well written and much appreciated. I agree with you and have my own personal examples living under my roof in the form of my two precious sons. Thanks for this post. :)
- October 24, 2012 2:50 AM
Hi, please can I print this out and show my school!!!!!
My son is 8 and has Aspergers and I am trying to get him support!.
thanks , worried mama
- March 26, 2013 9:13 AM
- MOM-NOS said...
Anonymous, yes of course. Feel free to print it to share with the team. Please just make sure that the original source is written on the print out. Good luck!!
- March 26, 2013 9:56 PM