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A new study finds THC reduces amyloid beta proteins in human neurons.
Source: Cannabinoids May Reduce Alzheimer's Proteins From Brain Cells – Neuroscience News
A new study finds THC reduces amyloid beta proteins in human neurons.
Source: Cannabinoids May Reduce Alzheimer's Proteins From Brain Cells – Neuroscience News
In the brain, there is a delicate interplay of signaling substances and cellular activity. Scientists have now identified another key player within this ensemble. In a laboratory study they found that the 'cannabinoid type 2 receptor' influences information processing inside the hippocampus. The research results might help advance our understanding of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's, say the authors.
Source: Neuroscientists discover previously unknown function of cannabinoid receptor: Study could improve our insights into brain diseases — ScienceDaily
This is a collection of cannabis articles over the past year. BEWARE, there is BULLSHIT here. There are many cases, as I always warn about, where correlation is confused with causality. For example, an article talks about marijuana use and sexual abuse as a child makes it pretty clear that childhood trauma can influence the need for escapes, but others "studies" will imply reverse causality: That marijuana use makes you more likely to be molested. OK, that's a poor example, but many articles talk about IQ decline *from* marijuana use, then it is equally or more likely that the lower IQ causes more stress (in school) and thereby makes the struggling student more likely to seek escapes– that the lower IQ is causal to the marijuana use, not vice versa.
So, as you read these, note the correlations and whether or not causality is shown, before you make decisions. There is a LOT of bullshit out there intended to confuse and cause FUD– Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt. If an article says marijuana causes X, ask yourselves if it might be vice versa– if X may cause more marijuana use.
|Starting age of marijuana use may have long-term effects on brain development
Posted: 10 Feb 2016 10:53 AM PST
The age at which an adolescent begins using marijuana may affect typical brain development, according to researchers. Scientists describe how marijuana use, and the age at which use is initiated, may adversely alter brain structures that underlie higher order thinking.
|Using medical marijuana to stop seizures in kids
Posted: 08 Feb 2016 11:06 AM PST
Desperate for relief, parents are taking unusual steps to help children plagued with seizures. The relief, however, comes in a most unlikely form: marijuana.
|Long-term marijuana use associated with worse verbal memory in middle age
Posted: 01 Feb 2016 09:30 AM PST
Marijuana use over time was associated with remembering fewer words from a list but it did not appear to affect other areas of cognitive function in a study of men and women followed up over 25 years, according to a new article.
|Marijuana survey finds medical users more likely to consume edibles and vaporize
Posted: 28 Jan 2016 10:30 AM PST
A new study provides some of the first evidence about patterns of marijuana use in states that have legalized medical marijuana. It finds that medical marijuana users are more likely to vaporize or consume edible forms of the drug than recreational users. Researchers also found that 41 percent of people reported having used marijuana recreationally at least once, while only about 7 percent reported using marijuana for medical purposes.
|Drug curbs marijuana use, but with tough side effects
Posted: 14 Jan 2016 08:35 AM PST
Doctors have no approved medicine to help treat marijuana dependence and abuse, but in small new clinical trial, topiramate reduced the amount of cannabis heavy smokers used when they lit up. The results also show, however, that many volunteers couldn't tolerate the drug's side effects.
|No easy answers in study of legal marijuana's impact on alcohol use
Posted: 29 Dec 2015 05:41 PM PST
Does legalization of marijuana lead pot users to drink more, or are they likely to substitute alcohol for weed? A new paper seeks to discover how changing marijuana laws affect the use of alcohol, the nation's most popular drug.
|Sensation-seeking, reward sensitivity and early cannabis use
Posted: 10 Dec 2015 03:16 PM PST
Sensation seeking, or the tendency to seek out exciting experiences, has been linked to addiction. Researchers have reported that sensation seeking is related to reward sensitivity in teens, and that a school-based intervention that targeted sensation seeking delays the onset of cannabis use, and slows the progression from light to heavy cannabis use in teens.
|Cannabis increases the noise in your brain
Posted: 03 Dec 2015 05:22 AM PST
Several studies have demonstrated that the primary active constituent of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, induces transient psychosis-like effects in healthy subjects similar to those observed in schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. A new study shows that this active ingredient increases random neural activity, termed neural noise, in the brains of healthy human subjects. The findings suggest that increased neural noise may play a role in the psychosis-like effects of cannabis.
|White matter damage caused by 'skunk-like' cannabis, study shows
Posted: 27 Nov 2015 07:23 AM PST
Smoking high potency 'skunk-like' cannabis can damage a crucial part of the brain responsible for communication between the two brain hemispheres, according to a new study.
|Marijuana dependence influenced by genes, childhood sexual abuse
Posted: 23 Nov 2015 05:59 PM PST
Genetic variation within the endocannabinoid system may explain why some survivors of childhood adversity go on to become dependent on marijuana, while others are able to use marijuana without problems, suggests new research.
|Vision test gives insight into the effect of prenatal exposure to recreational drugs
Posted: 19 Nov 2015 01:10 PM PST
Children exposed to marijuana in the womb show a significant improvement in their ability to track moving objects at age four, according to new vision research. But researchers are warning that the results do not mean marijuana has a beneficial effect on fetal development.
|Danish cannabis is stronger than ever
Posted: 19 Nov 2015 11:23 AM PST
The concentration of the euphoriant THC in cannabis has tripled in the space of 20 years in Denmark. The reason may be a systematic processing of the cannabis plants, some of which are being grown in skunk farms in Denmark. Cannabis of such high quality can lead to a greater risk of harm and adverse side effects. This is in particular a problem for the large group of young people who smoke it several times a month.
|What leads to the local adoption and implementation of recreational marijuana policies?
Posted: 17 Nov 2015 06:12 AM PST
When states move to legalize marijuana, local governments are faced with enacting — or in some cases restricting — the policy change in their jurisdictions. Using Colorado as a case study, a new study finds that public opinion, tax revenues and existing medical marijuana policies affect local governments' decisions to allow the sale of recreational marijuana.
|Medical marijuana should be held to same standard as other drugs, pharmacist says
Posted: 10 Nov 2015 02:16 PM PST
Medical marijuana needs to be studied like any other drug. No one is opposed to the active ingredients in it, but we need to have some data. That is what we would expect from any other drug, an expert says.
|Surprising finds about drug use
Posted: 05 Nov 2015 12:21 PM PST
Conducting an economic analysis of drug use is a particularly difficult endeavor, but for one researcher, it just meant taking a look at the history books.
|Researchers study differences in ischemic stroke in marijuana users
Posted: 26 Oct 2015 02:25 PM PDT
Strokes in young adults who use marijuana are more likely to be caused by stenosis, narrowing of the arteries, in the skull than strokes in non-users, new research shows. Previous studies found an association between marijuana use and stroke, but the new study is the first to explore differences in stroke in marijuana users and non-users, an approach that can help identify possible mechanisms for stroke in users.
|'Love hormone' helps produce 'bliss molecules' to boost pleasure of social interactions
Posted: 26 Oct 2015 02:18 PM PDT
The hormone oxytocin, which has been associated with interpersonal bonding, may enhance the pleasure of social interactions by stimulating production of marijuana-like neurotransmitters in the brain, according to a new study. The research provides the first link between oxytocin — dubbed the 'love hormone' — and anandamide, which has been called the 'bliss molecule' for its role in activating cannabinoid receptors in brain cells to heighten motivation and happiness.
|More than 25 percent of women giving birth who test positive for marijuana also using other drugs
Posted: 23 Oct 2015 05:32 AM PDT
As an increasing number of states legalize marijuana for medical or recreational use, health officials expect consumption of tetrahydrocanabis during pregnancy to increase. A new study suggests a mother's use of marijuana while pregnant could indicate other drug use as well.
|Marijuana use more than doubles from 2001 to 2013; increase in use disorders too
Posted: 21 Oct 2015 08:49 AM PDT
The estimated prevalence of adults who used marijuana in the past year more than doubled in the United States between 2001 and 2013 to 9.5 percent, according to a new article. As is the case with alcohol, many individuals can use marijuana without becoming addicted. However, the clear risk for marijuana use disorders among users (approximately 30 percent) suggests that as the number of U.S. users grows, so will the numbers of those experiencing problems related to such use.
|Heavy drinkers, drugs users underestimate their levels of consumption compared to others'
Posted: 19 Oct 2015 04:20 AM PDT
Heavy drinkers and users of illegal drugs downplay their relative levels of consumption, when comparing themselves to others, reveals research. The research shows that 68 per cent of respondents were drinking at hazardous or harmful levels, yet the vast majority (83 per cent) felt they were drinking at low or average levels.
|Sex is more likely on days college students use marijuana or binge drink
Posted: 07 Oct 2015 11:48 AM PDT
Undergraduate college students were more likely to have sex on days they used marijuana or binged on alcohol than on days they didn't, new research has found.
|Multicenter study examines safety of medical cannabis in treatment of chronic pain
Posted: 29 Sep 2015 08:20 AM PDT
A Canadian research team has completed a national multicenter study looking at the safety of medical cannabis use among patients suffering from chronic pain. They found that patients with chronic pain who used cannabis daily for one year, when carefully monitored, did not have an increase in serious adverse events compared to pain patients who did not use cannabis.
|Do American adolescents approve of marijuana?
Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:30 AM PDT
Groundbreaking research suggests that adolescents have become less likely to approve of and use marijuana over the last decade when compared to young adults. This is coming during a time where a majority of Americans support the full legalization of marijuana, according to a 2013 poll.
|Teen marijuana use down despite greater availability
Posted: 15 Sep 2015 11:10 AM PDT
Marijuana use among American high school students is significantly lower today than it was 15 years ago, despite the legalization in many states of marijuana for medical purposes, a move toward decriminalization of the drug and the approval of its recreational use in a handful of places, new research suggests.
|Researchers document self-reported use of new, uncommon synthetic drugs by teens, young adults
Posted: 15 Sep 2015 07:59 AM PDT
This is the first study reporting on use of a variety of new drugs in a nationally representative U.S. sample. Researchers are confident that use was severely underreported, as the subjects were not asked about most of these new drugs specifically. The researchers advocate for health surveys to ask about use of new drugs, in addition to traditional drugs such as marijuana and cocaine, in order to quickly pick up on potential drug epidemics.
|Medicinal marijuana: Patients battle stigma and misunderstanding
Posted: 28 Aug 2015 08:30 AM PDT
New research examines the experiences of California residents who have been prescribed medical marijuana and the stigma they experience from public opinion. The findings indicate that the stigma of using medical marijuana may contribute to the under-treatment of those who might benefit from medical marijuana.
|Cannabis use may influence cortical maturation in adolescent males
Posted: 26 Aug 2015 08:36 AM PDT
Male teens who experiment with cannabis before age 16, and have a high genetic risk for schizophrenia, show a different brain development trajectory than low risk peers who use cannabis.
|Cannabis and the brain
Posted: 26 Aug 2015 08:36 AM PDT
Two new studies examine associations between cannabis use and the brain.
|Nicotine changes marijuana's effect on the brain
Posted: 18 Aug 2015 11:24 AM PDT
How scientists study the effects of marijuana on the brain is changing. Until recently marijuana research largely excluded tobacco users from its participant pool, but scientists have found reason to abandon this practice, uncovering significant differences in the brains of individuals who use both tobacco and marijuana and the brains of those who only use marijuana.
|Places with more marijuana dispensaries have more marijuana-related hospitalizations
Posted: 10 Aug 2015 08:09 AM PDT
People who live in areas of California with a higher density of marijuana dispensaries experience a greater number of hospitalizations involving marijuana abuse and dependence, an analysis has discovered.
|Teen marijuana use not linked to later depression, lung cancer, other health problems, study finds
Posted: 04 Aug 2015 06:37 AM PDT
Chronic marijuana use by teenage boys does not appear to be linked to later physical or mental health issues such as depression, psychotic symptoms or asthma, according to a new study. [NOTE: A clarification of the study was issued because of controversy surrounding the findings. The original article reported there was not a statistically significant difference among four groups of males who exhibited varying patterns of teenage marijuana use in relation to several physical and mental health issues later in life, including psychotic disorders.]
|Teens with medical marijuana cards much likelier to say they're addicted, but few teens have them
Posted: 23 Jul 2015 11:02 AM PDT
Teens using marijuana for medical reasons are 10 times more likely to say they are hooked on marijuana than youth who get marijuana illegally, a new study shows. The study is the first to report on a nationally representative sample of 4,394 high school seniors and their legal or illegal medical marijuana use as it relates to other drug use. In the study, 48 teens had medical marijuana cards, but 266 teens used medical marijuana without a card.
|Cannabis psychosis: gender matters
Posted: 23 Jul 2015 05:39 AM PDT
A greater proportion of men than women suffer from cannabis psychoses, a new research study shows. There has been much research exploring the nature of the relationship between cannabis and psychosis, however the role of gender in relation to cannabis psychosis is less well explored and understood.
|Inhaled cannabis shown effective for diabetic neuropathy pain
Posted: 20 Jul 2015 08:51 AM PDT
Inhaled cannabis reduces diabetic neuropathy and the analgesic effect is dose-dependent, new research suggests. Researchers conducted a randomized, double-blind study evaluating 16 subjects to assess the efficacy and tolerability of inhaled cannabis for treating pain caused by diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).
|No bones about it: Cannabis may be used to treat fractures
Posted: 16 Jul 2015 09:43 AM PDT
A new study explores another promising new medical application for marijuana. According to the research, the administration of the non-psychotropic component significantly helps heal bone fractures.
|Marijuana users substitute alcohol at 21
Posted: 07 Jul 2015 09:04 AM PDT
A recent study looked at marijuana and alcohol use in people between the ages of 18 and 24. It's probably not surprising that the results show a drastic increase in alcohol consumption in people just over 21; after all, that's the minimum legal age to drink. What an economist-researcher found remarkable is that, at the same age, there was an equally dramatic drop in marijuana use.
|Adolescents who view medical marijuana ads more likely to use the drug, study finds
Posted: 06 Jul 2015 12:48 PM PDT
A new study raises questions about whether there is a need to revise prevention programming for youth as the availability, visibility and legal status of marijuana changes. The report found that adolescents who saw advertising for medical marijuana were more likely to either report using marijuana or say they planned to use the substance in the future.
|What effect does marijuana really have on weight gain? It's complicated
Posted: 30 Jun 2015 05:01 AM PDT
While cannabis alters the functions of neurobiological circuits controlling appetite, its effect on weight gain is complex since several factors appear to be involved. The main finding of the study shows that long-term cannabis use indeed influences weight gain, although its effects may differ by gender.
|Getting high in senior year: Researchers examine whether reasons for smoking pot are associated
Posted: 29 Jun 2015 06:26 AM PDT
A new study examines how reasons for illicit marijuana use relates to the use of other drugs individually, rather than grouping them into a single "illicit drug" group.
|What's the impact of marijuana on driving?
Posted: 23 Jun 2015 03:04 PM PDT
Drivers who use alcohol and marijuana together weave more on a virtual roadway than drivers who use either substance independently, a new study has found. However, the cocktail of alcohol and marijuana does not double the effect of the impairment.
|Medical marijuana 'edibles' mostly mislabeled: Many too weak, some surprisingly strong
Posted: 23 Jun 2015 08:31 AM PDT
The vast majority of edible cannabis products sold in a small sample of medical marijuana dispensaries carried labels that overstated or understated the amount of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a proof-of-concept study shows. Though the scope of the study was small, the researchers say, the results of the study suggest some medical cannabis patients could be unintentionally overdosing or are being cheated by mislabeled products.
|Mixed findings regarding quality of evidence supporting benefit of medical marijuana
Posted: 23 Jun 2015 08:31 AM PDT
In an analysis of the findings of nearly 80 randomized trials that included about 6,500 participants, there was moderate-quality evidence to support the use of cannabinoids (chemical compounds that are the active principles in cannabis or marijuana) for the treatment of chronic pain and lower-quality evidence suggesting that cannabinoids were associated with improvements in nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, sleep disorders, and Tourette syndrome.
|Adolescents uncertain about risks of marijuana, e-cigarettes, study finds
Posted: 23 Jun 2015 06:55 AM PDT
Teenagers are very familiar with the risks of smoking cigarettes, but are much less sure whether marijuana or e-cigarettes are harmful, according to a new study. The researchers compared teens' knowledge of cigarettes, e-cigarettes and marijuana because they heard from teachers, parents and youth that anti-smoking efforts needed to address more than just conventional cigarettes.
|Legalizing medical marijuana does not increase use among adolescents
Posted: 15 Jun 2015 04:06 PM PDT
A nationwide study analyzing 24 years of data (1991 to 2014) from over one million American adolescents in the 48 contiguous states has found no evidence that legalizing the use of marijuana for medical purposes leads to increased use among teenagers.
|Rising rate of marijuana exposure among children 5 years old and younger
Posted: 08 Jun 2015 05:16 AM PDT
Debates about legalizing marijuana have focused on crime rates, economic benefits, and health effects among adults. But a new study shows that the risk to young children of swallowing, breathing in or otherwise being exposed to marijuana also needs to be considered.
|Any dose of alcohol combined with cannabis significantly increases levels of THC in blood
Posted: 27 May 2015 08:27 AM PDT
Cannabis plus alcohol is one of the most frequently detected drug combinations in car accidents, yet the interaction of these two compounds is still poorly understood. A study shows for the first time that the simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis produces significantly higher blood concentrations of cannabis's main psychoactive constituent, THC, as well as THC's primary active metabolite than cannabis use alone.
|Cannabis use can be prevented, reduced or delayed
Posted: 26 May 2015 05:49 AM PDT
Contrary to some popular beliefs, marijuana is harmful to adolescent brains. Researchers have found that targeting at-risk youth through school programs can limit their use of this drug.
|Smoking marijuana may cause early puberty and stunts growth in boys
Posted: 18 May 2015 04:16 PM PDT
Boys who smoke marijuana go through puberty earlier but grow more slowly than those who have never smoked the drug according to a new study.
|Association between teen sleep patterns, alcohol or marijuana use
Posted: 18 May 2015 01:38 PM PDT
Studying adolescents in Southern California, researchers found that the link between sleep and alcohol/marijuana use was consistent even after controlling for other known risk factors, such as depression. For every 10 minutes later that teens went to bed, there was a 6 percent increased risk of alcohol or marijuana use in the previous month. In addition, teens who reported significant trouble sleeping were 55 percent more likely to have used alcohol in the past month.
|Substance abuse risk not greater in those using medical marijuana with prescribed opioids
Posted: 18 May 2015 05:18 AM PDT
Among people who use medical cannabis for chronic pain, those who also take prescription pain medications are not at increased risk for serious alcohol and other drug involvement, according to a study.
|Strong evidence still lacking on medical marijuana for pain
Posted: 15 May 2015 05:32 AM PDT
With increasing numbers of chronic pain patients experimenting with marijuana to get relief, physicians need to learn more about the plant and its constituents to counsel patients appropriately about its safety and possible analgesic benefits, according to a leading medical marijuana researcher.
|Medical marijuana pill may not be effective in treating behavioral symptoms of dementia
Posted: 13 May 2015 01:39 PM PDT
Medical marijuana pills may not help treat behavioral symptoms of dementia, such as aggression, pacing and wandering, a new study concludes. However, researchers did find that the drug dosage used in the clinical trial was safe and well-tolerated.
|'Extreme' exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke causes mild intoxication
Posted: 13 May 2015 07:29 AM PDT
Secondhand exposure to cannabis smoke under 'extreme conditions,' such as an unventilated room or enclosed vehicle, can cause nonsmokers to feel the effects of the drug, have minor problems with memory and coordination, and in some cases test positive for the drug in a urinalysis, a new study concludes.
|The dark side of cannabis: Panic attacks, nausea
Posted: 05 May 2015 07:21 AM PDT
Although the use of cannabis as a medical drug is currently booming, we should not forget that leisure time consumption — for example, smoking weed — can cause acute and chronic harms. These include panic attacks, impaired coordination of movement, and nausea, as researchers show. The symptoms depend on a patient's age, the amount of the drug consumed, and the frequency of drug use.
|Keeping legalized marijuana out of hands of kids
Posted: 04 May 2015 05:21 AM PDT
As the realities of legalized marijuana take hold in four states and the District of Columbia, legislators and regulators could learn a lot from the successes – and failures – of the tobacco and alcohol industries in keeping their harmful products out of the hands of children and adolescents.
|Cannabis consumers show greater susceptibility to false memories
Posted: 21 Apr 2015 07:49 AM PDT
Consumers of cannabis are more prone to experiencing false memories. One of the known consequences of consuming this drug is the memory problems it can cause. Chronic consumers show more difficulties than the general population in retaining new information and recovering memories. The new study also reveals that the chronic use of cannabis causes distortions in memory, making it easier for imaginary or false memories to appear.
|Most Americans say medical marijuana shouldn't be used by kids or in front of kids, legal or not
Posted: 20 Apr 2015 05:45 AM PDT
Medical marijuana and children don't mix, most Americans say. While nearly two-thirds of people agree that their state should allow medical marijuana for adults, half as many — just over a third — say it should be allowed for children, according to a new poll representing a national sample of adults in the U.S.
Based on the scant knowledge available regarding the endocannabinoid system and cannabinoid science overall, some researchers have theorized that many diseases, like multiple sclerosis and fibromyalgia, may be caused by a simple deficiency of endogenous (internally produced) cannabinoids (also called endocannabinoids). This condition has been labeled Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency, or CECD (it is also sometimes called Endocannabinoid Deficiency Syndrome). […]
The internet's most popular, evidence-based natural health resource.
Source: Another reason to eat hemp seeds
Hemp seeds are gaining increased recognition as a delicious and nutritious food, but few still know they have significant medicinal value as well.
Source: Hemp Seed Could Have Anti-Alzheimer's Benefits, New Study Reveals
We take a look at the 11 studies that changed the way the world looks at cannabis.
Source: The 11 Most Important Cannabis Studies of All Time – Medical Marijuana
The future of medicine rests on the the fundamental right we all have to use things that spring from the Earth naturally as healing agents. Why should cannabis, used for at least 10000 years by humankind to alleviate suffering, be excluded from this inexorable mandate?
Source: Why Cannabis Is the Future of Medicine | MyScienceAcademy


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Yet another press release by RIM involving their expansion into the world market. That makes in the last couple months official press releases by RIM in India, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Cambodia, and now Philippines, as part of the BlackBerry world. And people wonder why BlackBerry is still such a hot item!
"Manila, Philippines - Digitel Mobile Philippines, Inc. and Research In Motion (NASDAQ: RIMM; TSX: RIM) today announced that Sun Cellular is now offering BlackBerry® Internet Service together with the BlackBerry® Bold 9700 and BlackBerry® Curve 8520 smartphones to customers in the Philippines.
By subscribing to Sun Cellulars postpaid BlackBerry® service plans, customers can enjoy the benefits of staying connected with their friends, family and colleagues using push email as well as instant messaging applications including BlackBerry® Messenger (BBM) and Yahoo® Messenger. Users can also stay on top of updates from their friends on social networking services such as Facebook® and Twitter® while on the go. With Suns nationwide GPRS/EDGE and expanding 3G nationwide coverage, BlackBerry smartphone users can also enjoy Internet access across the Philippines..."
Anyone with Sun Cellular who has gotten the service care to comment?

subset: commoncrawl


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ST. AUGUSTINE, Fla. – An underage driver was arrested Friday afternoon after the car he was driving crashed into another vehicle at the intersection of Ford Street and Butler Avenue in St. Augustine.
According to the Florida Highway Patrol, the driver of a 1998 Toyota Corolla was driving northbound on Ford Street while the 63-year-old driver of a 2002 Kia Spectra was driving westbound on Butler Avenue. FHP said the driver of the Toyota ran a stop sign at the intersection and was struck by the Kia.
The FHP report said the driver of the Toyota ran by foot from the scene. The report noted that the vehicle had been stolen.
The report said the 63-year-old driver of the Kia received no injuries as a result of the crash.
Neighbors in the area said they saw the accident and told Channel 4 they didn't know too many details.
"I'm just trying to figure out what's going on," said Latrivia Chambers. "I know there's too much information going around the neighborhood. I know it's the crowd of people they're (the juveniles) hanging around."
According to the St. Johns County Sheriff's Office, there were two juveniles in the Toyota at the time of the crash. One of those juveniles was arrested Friday afternoon for violation of home detention.
The SJCSO is not releasing the names of the juveniles in the vehicle. They are also not releasing the name of the juvenile who was arrested.


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VANCOUVER - On the last day of the Vancouver Canucks' season, which was 3½ months after Andrew Alberts' final game, the defenceman begged his way onto the ice at Rogers Arena and for 20 glorious minutes was a National Hockey League player once more.
Accompanied only by assistant strength coach Eric Renaghan, and watched by nobody on the morning before the Canucks' April 13 game against the Calgary Flames, Alberts skated and passed and shot the puck in full gear and felt like a kid back on the frozen pond where he had learned to play hockey all those years ago in Minnesota.
"It was more like a couple of buddies just passing the puck around," Renaghan remembers. "But he got to dress in gear and we went out there, and it was cool. He was stress-free at that point. We weren't doing specific drills or monitoring his fitness. We were just out there passing the puck around and doing stuff that was fun. I knew it meant a lot to him, and it felt good for me to be able to do that with him."
Alberts pleaded for the ice time because he knew it was not only the last day of the Canucks' season, but possibly last time he would ever cinch his skates, dress in equipment, pull on a jersey — even a practice one — with an NHL crest, and work as an NHL player.
"I just wanted to go out there and twirl around because it could be my last time on an NHL sheet," Alberts says. "I had to beg Burnie (medical trainer Mike Burnstein) to let me out there. I said: 'Just give me 20 minutes.' I went out there with Eric. Just us and a few pucks on the ice. I knew it might be my last time."
Five months since he was knocked out in Calgary, concussed by an unprovoked forearm to the head from Brian McGrattan, Alberts continues to suffer headaches daily and knows that his nine-year NHL career may be over.
He turns 33 on June 30, the day his contract expires.
Even if Alberts were healthy, teams would not be lining up to sign the six-foot-five defenceman who has had to battle and claw to stay in the league as a depth player, insurance against someone else's injury. Alberts did this last season by accepting a pay cut of more than 50 per cent, working every day to stay fit and positive, then playing his butt off on the rare occasions he was in the lineup.
Then 51 seconds into a game on Dec. 29, Alberts chipped the puck along he boards in the defensive zone and was steamrolled by McGrattan, who brought his hands up into the Canuck's face and hit him with enough force that Alberts was unconscious before he collapsed face-first to the ice.
McGrattan, 32, who made his way into the NHL by amassing 551 penalty minutes during his final season in the minors, was assessed a major penalty and a game misconduct. But he was not suspended and was available to start again for Calgary coach Bob Hartley, who perhaps was hoping for more of a good thing, when the Flames visited Vancouver three weeks later.
That game became infamous for the line brawl off the opening faceoff and former Canucks coach John Tortorella's attempted attack on Hartley during the first intermission. Unlike McGrattan, Tortorella was suspended.
This is the NHL's shame: for all its talk about eliminating blows to the head, all the outrage and rancour every time a star player is injured on a questionable hit, the league watched a career enforcer take a run at Alberts at the start of a game and knock him out with a head shot, and did nothing.
And now Alberts's career may be over.
"I don't think it's so much that his career may be over; I think it's the way it ended," Alberts' wife, Kelly, says from their home in Excelsior, Minn., just west of Minneapolis. "Every player wants to go out on their own terms, and you especially don't want to go out in a situation … in what was so clearly an inappropriate play. It goes without saying it's hard to see someone you love in pain. But on another level, it's also really hard to see someone you love not be able to do what they love. Andrew has loved hockey for so long, it's a way of life. It's hard to see him not be able to enjoy that on a daily basis."
Former Canucks general manager Mike Gillis said shortly after the incident the league claimed to be unsure of the precise point of contact on the hit, although replays seem clear enough. The NHL does not comment on incidents that do not involve supplemental discipline.
McGrattan did not respond to The Vancouver Sun's request, made through the Flames' media relations department, to speak to him about the hit and its consequences.
Andrew Alberts never heard from McGrattan, either.
"I don't think that's in his nature," he says. "I think there should have been some supplemental discipline. If I'm Sidney Crosby, it's probably a 15-game suspension. The frustrating part is I'm working my ass off trying to be on the team and get in the lineup, something like that happens and the guy gets off free and now here I am just hoping I can have one day without headaches.
"I've kind of just let it go because there's no point in dwelling on what happened. I just want to get healthy again to the point where I'm not having issues and can just have a normal day around the house. That's where my focus is right now."
Alberts, who suffered a serious concussion with the Boston Bruins in 2007, was off skates for 2½ months after the McGrattan hit. He started skating in mid-March, but a comeback was aborted less than two weeks later when Alberts' condition badly deteriorated. He says now he pushed too hard in his desire to at least practice with teammates before the end of the season.
He has had conflicting recommendations from three different neurologists, but has settled into a pattern of light daily workouts in the morning, consisting typically of about 15 minutes of cardio and some light lifting.
"Basically, the approach is try to stay active instead of sitting around doing nothing," Alberts says. "I've talked to three different neurologists and all three had a different opinion. I've challenged my body a little bit because you get sick of just sitting around doing nothing. I did nothing for the first 1½ months and almost started to feel worse.
"I usually get through a 35- or 40-minute workout without a headache, but the headaches come a couple of hours later. Headaches can last an hour … or the rest of the day. You never know. It's random. You start to get used to having them, I hate to say. It's part of your day, always there: 'OK, this is the way it is.' And you just get through the day."
The only "silver lining," Kelly says, is that Andrew has had time at home to devote himself to their family, which includes nine-month-old baby Jackson. Kelly, who met Andrew while studying law in Boston, has put her legal career on hold.
"It hasn't been easy on family life because you can't really be yourself," Alberts says. "It's almost like there's a cloud over your head. You want to be happy and just want to have a normal day. (But) in the back of your mind, you wonder: Am I ever going to have a day when I don't have to worry about headaches?
"If I can't play hockey again, I can't play hockey again. But I'd rather have my health and be able to be with my family and feel like myself. I tend to think about hockey quite a bit because you worry about what you'll do afterwards. But getting healthy is the No. 1
thing for me. Hockey is just one chapter in your life. It has given me a lot of things, but it's not the be-all, end-all for me."
A sixth-round draft pick out of Boston University, Alberts has played only 14 games in the minors in his career. He has logged 459 NHL games for the Bruins, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes and Canucks. His four-plus seasons in Vancouver represent Alberts' longest tenure with one team.
He remembers Canucks defenceman Kevin Bieksa standing over him as he lay on the ice in Calgary, encouraging him and telling him: 'Hang in there buddy, Burnie's coming.'
Kelly Alberts was watching the game on TV, but had left the room before Andrew was hurt. She received a text from Ryan Kesler's wife, Andrea, saying 'I'm so glad he got up.' Kelly knew instantly that Andrew had been hurt.
"No one ever gets over being afraid that something will happen to your husband," she says.
"But you just learn to deal with it. You hope for the best when you watch the game, then try to support them if anything happens."


text:
ACT: American College Testing program is an assessment used for undergraduate admission purposes.
AS: Associate of Science Degree.
AS: College of Arts and Sciences. This abbreviation refers to the College of Arts and Sciences.
APP-CEEB: APP-CEEB is a testing program conducted by participating high schools. NMU grants credit for specific courses based on satisfactory scores on the examinations. Students should specify that their scores be sent to Northern Michigan University. Transfer students who have taken APP-CEEB exams should request that a copy of their test scores be sent to NMU. Credit will be awarded if the test is accepted by the university and the minimum score has been earned.
Academic Advisor: Member of the faculty or staff who is trained to assist students in planning their certificate or degree program.The academic advisr works with students on their academic progress, course selection, career and major options, and navigating the academic process at NMU. Students can find out who their advisor is on mynmu.nmu.edu by following these directions at www.nmu.edu/acac.
Academic Calendar: A listing of important dates and deadlines for students. The academic calendar is located at /registrar/node/26. Academic Computing: Staff in Academic Computing Services (ACS) provides support to students and faculty for general computing needs. Classroom and lab facilities are available, and the Help Desk offers technical and software support for mobile devices. Current information about Academic Computing can be found at http://it.nmu.edu.
Academic Deans: Each college has a Dean to oversee the operation of his or her particular college. Effective for Fall 2004, Darlene M. Walch is the Dean of Academic Information Services, Dr. Terrence Seethoff is the Dean for the College of Arts and Sciences, Dr. Cameron Howes is the Dean of the College of Health Sciences and Professional Studies and Dr. James Scheiner is the Dean of the College of Business.
Academic Dismissal: Students who have previously been academically suspended from NMU, re-enter, and are academically suspended again, are dismissed from the university. Dismissed students may only re-enter NMU through an appeal to the Admissions and Academic Policies Committee (AAPC) of the Academic Senate. See the Important Issues for Dismissed Students Web page for more information.
Academic Hold:A hold may be placed by the Academic Policies Committee against the enrollment of a student who has been suspended or expelled for failure to maintain the standards outlined in the Academic Proficiency Policy. Holds applied in these situations are based upon recommendations of the Admissions and Academic Policies Committee. Contact the Academic and Career Advisement Center at C.B. Hedgcock, Room 3302, 906-227-2971 for more information.
Academic Honesty: Students have an obligation to abide by accepted standards of academic honesty, which dictate that all scholastic work shall be original in nature. Procedures and penalties pertaining to academic dishonesty are outlined in the NMU Student Handbook. Academic Information Services: AIS is located in the Harden Learning Resources Center and includes the Lydia Olson Library, University Archives, Academic Computing, Instructional Media Services and Instructional Technology. Academic Load, Student: A normal academic load for undergraduate students is 16 credits during the fall or winter semesters and 12 credits during a summer session. The minimum number of credit hours required for a baccalaureate degree is 124. Some majors require students to take an academic load in excess of 16 credits, but never more than 20. In general, students are advised not to enroll in more than 20 credits in the fall and winter semesters or more than 16 credits in the summer. They may be permitted to do so only if they have established a cumulative grade point average of 3.50 or higher. First semester freshmen, however, are not allowed to take more than the maximum credits in a semester (16 or 20). A written petition to carry more than the maximum credits in a semester should be submitted to the Registrar's Office by the student's advisor.
Academic Probation: Students are placed on academic probation when their cumulative GPA drops below 2.00. Students on academic probation put themselves in jeopardy of suspension/ dismissal and are not able to graduate from any degree or certificate program at NMU. Students placed on academic probation must sign an Academic Probation Agreement that makes provisions such as meeting regularly with an academic advisor, taking courses designed to improve academic performance, attending all course meeting, repeating courses (if necessary), and attaining a specified semester GPA (see chart below) based on their number of GPA credit hours. Failure to satisfy the semester GPA requirement will result in a one-year suspension.
Overall GPA Credit Hours
Semester GPA to Remain at NMU
Less than 28 credit hours
1.70 semester GPA or higher
28 to less than 56 credit hours
1.80 semester GPA or higher
56 or more credit hours
2.00 semester GPA or higher
Academic Proficiency Policy: The Academic Proficiency Policy defines the academic standards students must meet to continue their enrollment at NMU. Students must maintain a minimum overall GPA (NMU plus transfer) of 2.00 to be in academic good standing. Students with an overall GPA below this level will be placed on academic probation and will have to attain certain semester GPA requirements to remain at NMU. All students must attain good standing and a minimum NMU GPA of 2.00 before a degree, certificate, or diploma may be conferred.
Academic Senate: Academic Senate is the body that reviews all programs at NMU. The Senate can implement changes to a certain major or program.
Academic Standard: The status of an NMU student determined by the student's cumulative GPA. Academic standards at NMU include: Good Standing; Transfer Warning; Academic Probation; Immediate Academic Suspension; Academic Suspension and Academic Dismissal.
Academic Standing: (Class Standing) Students are classified according to the number of credit hours earned numbered 100 level or above. 080 and 090 remedial courses do not count toward class standing. Freshman: 0-27 earned hours; Sophomore: 28-55 earned hours; Junior: 56-87 earned hours; Senior: 88 earned hours and up.
Academic Suspension: Any student on academic probation who fails to attain specific semester GPA requirements will be suspended from the university. After a period of one calendar year, such students may re-enter the university by completing the standard re-entry process for suspended students. See the Academic Standards Web page.
Academic Suspension, Immediate: New freshmen and transfer students who have eight or more overall NMU credit hours and an overall GPA of less than 1.00 (including 080 and 090 courses) will be suspended immediately. After a period of one calendar year, such students may re-enter the university by completing the standard re-entry process for suspended students. See the Academic Standards Web page.
Academic Year: Consists of a Fall Semester, a Winter Semester followed by an optional Summer College. Starting and ending dates for each semester are posted to the Academic Calendar.
Accreditation: Northern Michigan University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and fully accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE). Some individual departments and colleges are recognized by the various accrediting agencies in their respective fields. Consult the Northern Michigan University Undergraduate Bulletin for departmental accreditation.
Activity fee: Each semester students pay a $30 activity fee which funds programs on campus such as comedians, lecturers and concerts.
Add: Registering for an additional course after the advance registration period. Adding courses which are full requires a signed Add Card from the instructor teaching the course. All Add Cards are turned in a the Student Service Center, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 2201, 906-227-1221, for processing.
Add/Drop Period: Days set aside by the university for students to change their schedule by adding or dropping courses. Students may add courses provided that seats are still available. Add/Drop Period ends on the first Thursday of the semester at 5 p.m. Address Change: All off-campus students are required to report their local and/or permanent address to the university. Students should notify the university of a change of address within five days of a move. Students who fail to change their address when they relocate will miss important university mailings.Because of the confidential nature of information mailed to students, Northern Michigan University's address change policy requires written consent of the student. If you are a currently enrolled student, you can update your address and telephone number on the Web at mynmu.nmu.edu.
Administrative Withdrawal: Withdrawal of a student from all classes by the university. Usually for non-payment of tuition, suspension, or for other reasons.
Admission: The process whereby a person is accepted as a student at the university and allowed to register for classes.
Advance Placement Credit: Credit awarded toward a degree as a result of scores received on national examinations (CLEP or AAP-CEEB) or by departmental recommendation.
Advance Placement, Department Evaluation: Academic departments at Northern Michigan University may recommend that advance placement credit be awarded to currently enrolled students in degree-granting programs based on their life experience or educational achievements from nontraditional sources. The evaluation measurement for the recommendation is determined within the department and may consist of a comprehensive examination, portfolio review, demonstration of a level of competency in a skill area, or documented verifiable life experiences. If a department is recommending advance placement credit that would apply to general electives, the recommendation must also be approved through the student's major department.
Advance Placement Policy: Northern Michigan University grants advance placement credit through three national testing programs: CLEP (College Level Examination Program), APP-CEEB (Advanced Placement Program of the College Examination Program), and International Baccalaureate and through academic departmental recommendation based upon previous life or educational experiences. When students receive advance placement credit, the course title and credit is recorded on the transcript. Since no letter grades are given, the courses are not computed in the student's grade point average, but they do count as credits earned toward the degree. Advance placement credit will be awarded with the following limitations—32 credits for a baccalaureate degree, 16 credits for an associate degree, and eight credits for a certificate.
Advance Registration Period: (Registration Week) The time set aside by the university for continuing students to begin registering for the next semester. Students can check the Academic Calendar for dates and times.
Advisor: Students who are undeclared about a choice of curriculum and who do not wish to declare a major are assigned advisers from a core of faculty and staff selected to work with "undeclared" students. These students should work closely with their advisers to build course schedules satisfying general graduation requirements and also providing some exposure to new fields of interest. During the semester, undeclared students should work with academic advisers in the Academic and Career Advisement Center (ACAC) to discuss potential majors. They may also take advantage of career planning activities coordinated by the ACAC, as well as career counseling offered by the Counseling and Consultation Services. After selecting a major, students are assigned to an advisor in the department which houses their major. Student should maintain close contact with their advisor and keep their own personal file of their academic progress. Students are ultimately responsible for meeting the academic requirements for their desired degree. Advisor, Changing: Students can change their advisor at the Academic and Career Advisement Center, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 3302, 906-227-2971, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday.
Advisor Registration Hold: An electronic hold placed upon a student's record which is removed after a student has seen his or her advisor. The removal allows a student to register for classes. The university places a hold on all students who have completed less that 18 hours at Northern Michigan University or whose Northern Michigan University and/or cumulative GPA is less than 2.00. These holds will affect both full and part-time students. You can determine your class standing and registration status by reviewing your student data on the Web, or by contacting the Student Service Center, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 2201, 906-227-1221. These holds can be removed only by your academic department after you have met with your advisor. Contact your academic advisor or Academic and Career Advisement Center, C. B. Hedgcock, Room 3302, 906-227-2971, for more information
Americans with Disabilities Act Accommodations: If an individual has a need for disability related accommodations or services, they can inform the Coordinator of Disability Services in the Disability Services Office in the Dean of Students Office, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 2001, 906-227-1737. Reasonable and effective accommodations and services will be provided to individuals if requests are made in a timely manner, with appropriate documentation, in accordance with federal, state and university guidelines.
APP-CEEB Exams: APP-CEEB is a testing program conducted by participating high schools. NMU grants credits for specific courses based on satisfactory scores on the examinations. Students should specify that their scores be sent to Northern Michigan University. Transfer students who have taken APP-CEEB exams should request that a copy of their test scores be sent to NMU. Credit will be awarded if the test is accepted by the university and the minimum score has been earned. For more information about passing scores at NMU, see the APP-CEEB Exam Equivalencies table.
Appeal, Suspension:Although suspensions are rarely reversed by appeal, circumstances sometimes arise that are beyond a student's control which would warrant an appeal for early reinstatement. To appeal a suspension, you must convince the appeal body that these circumstances led to your suspension and they have been resolved. A complete appeal must contain: an appeal letter from you explaining the extenuating circumstances which led to your suspension (with name, NMU IN, and current address); written documentation verifying these extenuating circumstances and illustrate that they will no longer impede your performance; letters of support from an instructors and/or your academic adviser are helpful.
Archives: The Central Upper Peninsula and Northern Michigan University Archives are under the direction of a professional archivist who manages the records of the university, and collects, organizes, preserves and encourages the use of historical materials relating to NMU and the central Upper Peninsula
Associate Degree: Awarded after completing a program of study, usually designed to be completed in two academic years. NMU offers an Associate of Arts (A.A.), Associate of Science (A.S.), Associate of Applied Arts (A.A.A.), Associate of Applied Science (A.A.S.), Associate of Business (A.B.), Associate of Technology (A.T.).
ASNMU: The Associated Students of Northern Michigan University is the study body government for NMU. If you would like more information, contact the ASNMU office at 227-2452. Athletic Eligibility: For athletic eligibility purposes, all athletes are required to carry a minimum of 12 credit hours each semester and maintain satisfactory progress. Satisfactory progress is based upon satisfactory completion of courses in an athlete's designated program, as well as his or her overall academic record.At the beginning of and beyond their fifth semester of third year of enrollment, all athletes are required to designate a program of study leading toward a specific baccalaureate degree and carry a minimum of 12 credit hours in a designated program of study leading toward a specific degree. If an athlete designates a program of study leading toward a specific baccalaureate degree prior to their fifth semester or third year of enrollment are required to abide by the same rules governing the third year athlete. Please inform your advisor that you are an athlete and must abide by this rule. Failure to do so may cause you to lose your academic eligibility. Your advisor will complete the Academic Adviser Affirmation Form. It is your responsibility to hand-carry this form to the Registrar's Office, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 2202.
Attempted Hours: (AHRS designation on transcript.) All credit hours for courses in which a student was at one time enrolled and received any grade, including a "W".Attempted hours include all of the coursework on record for a student at NMU: courses passed (including repeated courses), courses failed, AP credit, credit by exam and courses transferred from other colleges or universities. Attendance, Class: Students are expected to attend all class meetings of courses in which they enroll. Students who are absent from classes because of participation in university-sponsored activities are excused. Students are responsible for all class work whether or not their absence is excused. Most professors will announce their attendance policy on the first day of class or will state their policy in the syllabus. If no mention of attendance is made, ask! Many professors count attendance towards class participation grades, and students who miss classes may receive lower grades.
Audit, Degree: A degree audit is a listing of course work and requirements that the student must complete before becoming eligible for a certificate or degree. This audit is prepared by hand each semester for eligible students in order to assist them in preparing for their degrees. Degree audits are automatically mailed to eligible students each semester just prior to course registration. Degree audits are mailed in mid October during the fall semester and mid March during the winter semester. Special requests for a degree audit can not be honored due to the volume of degree audits produced each semester. Students who are not eligible to receive an audit must meet with their academic advisor to determine graduation requirements. Course work that is in progress is not considered to be complete and will appear on the degree audit. Students should review their audit carefully with their advisors prior to advance registration. Copies of prior degree audits can be obtained from the student's academic advisor or requested from the Registrar's Office, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 2202. Audit Eligibility, Degree:A degree audit is a listing of course work and requirements that the student must complete before becoming eligible for a certificate or degree. An audit is prepared each semester for eligible students in order to assist them in preparing for their degrees. To be eligible for an audit, a student must be currently enrolled in a degree granting program and have declared a major, concentration and minor, if required, and have acquired the minimum earned hours toward a degree according to the following chart:
|Baccalaureate Degree
|87* earned credit hours
|Associate Degree
|32 earned credit hours
|16 earned credit hours
Audit/Auditor/Auditing: A student who registers for and attends a class but does not want to receive credit for the course. An "AU" will appear on the transcript. Students must have a Permission to Audit a Course Form (PDF) filled out by the instructor and then return the form to the Student Service Center, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 2201, by the ninth calendar day of a semester.
Bachelors (baccalaureate) Degree: Awarded after completing a program of study, usually designed to be completed in four academic years. NMU offers a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A), Bachelor of Music Education (B.M.E.), Bachelor of Science (B.S.), Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.S.N.), and Bachelor of Social Work (B.S.W.).
Blue Book: A small notebook with soft blue covers, available at the University Bookstores, that some professors require students to use when writing essay exams. If students are required to use a blue book, the professor will instruct them to bring one (or more) to the exam, or will note this requirement on the syllabus.
Board: A term used for a meal plan as in "room and board" applied to university dorms or apartments. Board of Trustees: Governing authority of Northern Michigan University. Michigan's Constitution, which was adopted in 1963, granted constitutional autonomy to Northern Michigan University. It also vested governing authority in an eight-member Board of Trustees. Each trustee is appointed by the Governor to serve an eight-year term, subject to confirmation by the Senate. Trustees may also be reappointed at the pleasure of the Governor.
Bulletin: College catalog; the main academic publication of the university which lists all programs of study, requirements for diplomas, certificates and degrees, and course descriptions. NMU has an Undergraduate Bulletin and a Graduate Bulletin.
Calendar and Credit System: Northern Michigan University operates on a semester calendar with two full semesters in the academic year and an intensive summer college. Unit of credit is a 15 week semester with a minimum of 124 credits required for a bachelor's degree and a minimum of 32 credits for a master's degree. Northern Michigan University does not provide class ranking.
Capstone Course: A senior-level course. Normally among the last courses taken for bachelor degree completion. The course reviews the major issues, themes, theories and research findings for the major discipline.
Catalog: The Northern Michigan University Undergraduate Bulletin is a college catalog; the main academic publication of the university which lists all the programs of study, requirements for a diploma, certificate, associate or baccalaureate degree, and course descriptions.
Certificate: Awarded after completing a program of study usually designed to be completed in one academic year. Changing Advisor: Students can change their advisor at the Academic and Career Advisement Center, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 3302, 906-227-2971, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. Changing Major:It is recommended that students meet with an academic advisor from the department of the major in which they are interested. If a student is unsure of what to declare as a major, it is recommended that they meet with an advisor in the Academic and Career Advisement Center, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 3302. For most academic majors, declaring or changing your major can be done in one of the following ways:
How to Change Your Major
|In the department in which you are seeking a new major.
|Academic and Career Advisement Center, 906-227-2971.
|On the Web at www.nmu.edu/advising.
|Students who want to declare any of the following majors must go directly to the department:
|Students with 87 or more credits should also inform the Registrar's Office of this change so that they may begin preparation of a new degree audit.
Class Standing: Students are classified according to the number of credit hours earned numbered 100 level or above. 080 and 090 remedial courses do not count toward class standing. Freshman: 0-27 earned hours; Sophomore: 28-55 earned hours; Junior: 56-87 earned hours; Senior: 88 earned hours and up.
CLEP Exam: Examination taken to receive advanced placement credit for a specific subject or course at a college or university. NMU considers college composition with essay, humanities, social sciences and history and natural sciences as freshman examinations. Credit earned through the freshman examinations may be applied toward the liberal studies program requirements only. Students with more than 26 college semester credit hours are ineligible to receive credit at NMU through CLEP freshman examinations. Other examinations measure achievement in specific college courses. Students may not earn credit for CLEP subject examinations if the student has credit in the course, was previously or currently enrolled in the course, or has credit in a higher level course. The determination of a higher level course is the decision of the department head who may in writing approve the examination. Transfer students who have taken CLEP examinations should request that a copy of their test scores be sent to NMU. Credit will be awarded if the test is accepted by the university and the minimum score has been earned. CLEP scores are only accepted from national testing centers. The CLEP code for NMU is 1560. For more information about passing scores at NMU, see the CLEP Exam Equivalencies table Web page. For more information about CLEP exams, visit the CLEP Homepage.
Closed Course: A term used during the registration process to indicate that a course has reached its maximum enrollment limit and is therefore "closed" to further registration.
Cognate: A course related to the courses in a major program or to a degree requirement. Cognate courses are often offered by departments outside of the degree program. Cognate is a term used by some departments to describe the part of your academic program which functions basically like a minor.
College: An administrative division of Northern Michigan University housing one or more academic departments or schools.
Commencement Ceremony: Commencement is a public ceremony held twice each year to bestow degrees upon students. A student who completes the requirements for a vocational diploma, certificate, associate degree, or baccalaureate degree may participate in commencement. Students who plan to participate in commencement must select the appropriate coding from the course scheduling booklet when registering for graduation. Commencement is an optional activity. Students who do not participate in commencement at the time they qualified may not participate in a later commencement unless they now qualify for the awarding of an additional vocational diploma, certificate, or degree.
Communication Studies, Formal: One of five baccalaureate graduation requirements that baccalaureate students must complete. Students select one formal communication studies course for a minimum of three credits. These courses are designed to introduce students to the ways in which information and ideas are expressed using a communication system other than English. Such courses should foster the student's ability to conceptualize and communicate in an orderly, rational manner. Characteristics of a communication system include: (1) possession of a grammar; (2) operation from an established set of rules; (3) reasoning properties such as deduction, inference drawing, and problem solving. This includes courses in languages and those in which the central focus of the course is on statistics, computers or formal logic.Refer to the Liberal Studies Program and Graduation Requirements section of the NMU Undergraduate Bulletin for additional information.
Communication, Foundations of: One of five baccalaureate graduation requirements that baccalaureate students must complete. Students take two English composition courses for a minimum of six credits. Students who complete the courses should be able to generate ideas for writing and speaking; organize ideas logically; use correct and effective grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation; and rehearse, critique, and revise their oral presentations. The first course in foundations of communication is EN 111 College Composition I (4 cr.). Refer to the Liberal Studies Program and Graduation Requirements section of the NMU Undergraduate Bulletin for additional information. Communication, Official University: Every enrolled student automatically receives a university online account which provides access to instructional files and software, e-mail, free dial-in access from off campus and other resources. Students are required to maintain this account which will be used by the university to send time-critical information to students. Northern Michigan University will use a student's NMU e-mail account as its primary means of communicating official university business, including legally required information. If a student uses a non-university e-mail address, the student must forward their university e-mail to the non-university account. This can be done by visiting the Web site: http://myuser.nmu.edu/ and utilizing the e-mail forwarding wizard. Complaints about Grades: Student's who believe that they have been unfairly graded in a course should follow the appeals procedure outlined in the Student Handbook. For further details, please contact the Dean of Students Office, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 2001, 906-227-1700.
Complete Withdrawal: The process whereby a student leaves the university without completing the semester. Students who decide to leave Northern Michigan University without finishing the semester for which they are currently enrolled must complete a Notice of Withdrawal form at the Dean of Students Office. Students can withdraw by mail provided that the student states his or her reason for withdrawing, includes his or her student identification number, a photocopy of a valid form of identification (e.g., student I.D. card, drivers license) and signs a letter requesting the withdrawal. Students may also fax their withdrawal requests to the Dean of Students Office at 906-227-1714. Following the proper withdrawal procedures ensures (1) that the maximum allowable proportion of fees due to the student will be refunded, (2) that the appropriate grades will be recorded on the student's transcript, and (3) that the individual's records will be properly maintained in the event of future enrollment at Northern Michigan University or transfer to another university or college. Students who withdraw from the university after 5 p.m. of the tenth week of classes will receive "F" grades. In extreme cases exceptions to this policy may be made with the written approval of the Dean of Students Office. For more information about withdrawing from the university, contact the Dean of Students Office, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 2001, 906-227-1700, e-mail email@example.com.
Communications, Official University: Every enrolled student automatically receives a university online account, which provides access to instructional files and software, e-mail, free dial-in access from off campus and other resources. Students are required to maintain this account, which will be used by the university to send time-critical information to students. Northern Michigan University will use a student's NMU e-mail account as its primary means of communicating official university business, including legally required information.
Concentration: A concentration (or emphasis) is a block of courses that are more similar to one another than to others in the degree program. Concentrations may be recorded on the transcript.
Continuing Education Courses and Programs: Credit courses at convenient times and locations for the non-traditional learner. Summer College, undergraduate and graduate courses offered by the Continuing Education and Sponsored Programs, 401 Cohodas Hall, 906-227-2103. Some courses are offered at off-campus outreach locations.
Continuing Education Unit (CEU): Recognition for participation in a non-credit program or workshop. Record of CEU's can be obtained from the Continuing Education and Sponsored Programs, 401 Cohodas Hall, 906-227-2103.
Corequisite: A corequisite course is a course which may be taken concurrently with or successfully completed prior to the course for which it is required. Course Description: A published description for all university courses. The course descriptions appear in alphabetical order according to their course letter designations in the Northern Michigan University Undergraduate Bulletin or the Northern Michigan University Graduate Bulletin. These descriptions include any prerequisites (requirements students must satisfy before registering for the course), corequisites (requirements students must satisfy while taking the course), the amount of credit hours applied for each course, and, where relevant, the hours devoted to lecture, discussion, and laboratory.
Course ID: The letters and numbers assigned to a course to distinguish it from another course. (Example: EN 111.)
Course Level: 000 - 999 remedial or developmental; 100 - 199 freshmen; 200 - 299 sophomores; 300 - 399 juniors; 400 - 499 seniors*; 500 - 999 graduate level. *Some 400 level courses are available to be taken for graduate level credit, see NMU Graduate Bulletin for more information.
Course Offerings Timetable: A listing of when a specific course is offered at NMU such as fall, winter or summer semesters. The Course Offerings Timetable is a basic guide in planning future course scheduling. Course Numbering System: 000-099 no credit toward baccalaureate degree; 100 freshman; 200 sophomore; 300 junior; 400 senior; 500 graduate level, 600 education specialist, 999 professional development only-not available for degree credit. Some 400 numbered courses can be taken for graduate level credit as indicated on transcript. Consult the Northern Michigan University Graduate Bulletin. Course descriptions and bulletins are available at: www.nmu.edu/registrar. The following chart highlights the course numbering system at Northern Michigan University:
|000 - 999*
|remedial or developmental
|500 - 999
|graduate level
*Remedial or developmental courses (000 - 099) do not meet requirements for associate or bachelor degrees, but may meet requirements for vocational diplomas. Remedial or developmental courses do not count in the cumulative totals for class standing and are not calculated into the Northern Michigan University grade point average. **Some 400 level courses can be taken for graduate-level credit. See the Graduate Bulletin, Course Descriptions section for more information.
Course Registration: The date and time that a student can register is determined by how many credit hours he or she has earned. Check the Registration Week Schedule for dates and times. Registration instructions are posted on the Registrar's Office Web pages. It is strongly recommended that you meet with your advisor prior to registering, If you experience problems that you cannot resolve while registering for courses, contact the Student Service Center, C.B. Hedgcock, Room 2201, 906-227-1221.If you experience mobile device-related registration problems, contact the Help Desk, 116 Learning Resources Center, 906-227-2468.
Course Scheduling Book: A Web-based schedule of courses offered each semester which lists each course, time and room location. Current Scheduling Books can be obtained on the Registrar's Web pages. Printed copies are no longer distributed by the university, but a printable version is available on the Web.
Course Sequence Number (call number): A series of numbers assigned to a course at registration to distinguish one section of a particular course from another section of the course. Course Substitution: The faculty advisor with the support of the department head may substitute a required course in the students major or minor with another departmental course when there has been a curriculum revision and the required course listed is no longer offered; the student is in the final semester before graduation and one required course is offered in time that conflicts with another required course, or a required course is not being offered during that final semester; the same course is required in the student's minor, second major or minor; or the faculty advisor has waived a requirement and has selected another course to complete the required hours. Course Substitution form should be attached to the student's degree audit prior to applying for graduation.
Course Syllabus: A description, table of contents or outline of course content, requirements, textbooks, and assignments provided by the instructor of the to their students. Course Waiver:The faculty advisor with the support of the department head may waive a required course in the students major or minor when there has been a curriculum revision and the required course listed is no longer offered; the student is in the final semester before graduation and one required course is offered in time that conflicts with another required course, or a required course is not being offered during that final semester; the same course is required in the student's minor, second major or minor; or the faculty advisor has waived a requirement. The Course Waiver form should be attached to the student's degree audit prior to applying for graduation.
Credit Hour: The value assigned each course depending upon the length of time it meets during a week. Generally one credit is assigned for each 50 minute lecture hour per week and a 15 week semester.
Credit Load: The total number of credit hours for which a student can register for during a specific semester.
Credit, Unit of: 15 week semester.
Cumulative GPA: All honor points earned divided by all credit hours taken from all colleges or universities attended.
Curriculum: A complete program of study which leads to a baccalaureate degree.


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Wilco is foxtrotting into bigger things, namely its own record label.
The Chicago-based band announced Wednesday that it's starting dBpm Records, which will be based in Easthampton, Mass., with band manager Tony Margherita at the helm.
"This is the culmination of what we've been working towards for the last 15 years," Margherita said in a statement, according to the Chicago Tribune.
U.S. & World
Wilco will work with Anti-Records, which has connections with Epitaph Records. It will require the band to sever ties with its current labels, Reprise and Nonesuch.
Wilco currently is working on a new album on Chicago's North Side and planning a tour beginning in March.


text: Sun Run Photos: Find yourself in the crowdsGerry Kahrmann, PNG 04.17.2011Runners await the start of The Vancouver Sun Run on W. Georgia St., April 17.Gerry Kahrmann / PNGA child is carried on a woman's shoulders.Gerry KahrmannGerry Kahrmann / PNGRunners with balloons and tutus participate in the The Vancouver Sun Run.Gerry Kahrmann / PNGThe leading group crosses the Burrard Bridge during the 2011 Vancouver Sun Run.Arlen Redekop / PNGA young runner kicks up his heels as he runs along W. Georgia St.Gerry Kahrmann / PNGPhotographers run out of the way as the Elite athletes start The Vancouver Sun Run.Gerry Kahrmann / PNGCostumed runners participate in the The Vancouver Sun Run.Gerry Kahrmann / PNGA blind runner waves to supports and onlookers as he crosses Burrard Bridge with his running partner during the 2011 Vancouver Sun Run in Vancouver, B.C. April 17, 2011.Arlen Redekop / PNGRunners round the corner after crossing the Burrard Bridge.Arlen Redekop / PNGRunners zoom by Burrard St.during the 2011 Vancouver Sun Run in Vancouver, B.C. April 17.Arlen Redekop / PNGWater waits at the finish line.Wayne Leidenfrost / PNGThe Mini Sun Run for the kids takes off.Wayne Leidenfrost / PNGMini Sun Run for the kids causes anticipation at the starting line.Wayne Leidenfrost / PNGPhotographers run out of the way as the wheelchair athletes start The Vancouver Sun Run.Gerry Kahrmann / PNGTens of thousands of people took to the streets of downtown Vancouver April 17, to participate in the world's second largest 10 K race.Jenelle Schneider / PNGVancouver Sun Run participants smile for their camera as they make their way along the seawall near English Bay.Jenelle Schneider / PNGElite athlete runners start the Vancouver Sun Run on W. Georgia St. in Vancouver, April 17, 2011.Gerry Kahrmann / PNGA Canadian man smoked the Sun Run course to win Sunday morning -- in a race that challenged organizers and participants with an apartment fire along the route.Jenelle Schneider / PNGSome of the tens of thousands of people wore costumes as they took to the streets of downtown Vancouver, April 17, 2011 for the annual Vancouver Sun Run.Jenelle Schneider / PNGA runner wears lucky bunny ears during the race.Jenelle Schneider / PNGSun Run participants make their way along the seawall.Jenelle Schneider / PNGEvent organizers expected close to 60,000 participants in what is billed as the largest road race in Canada and second largest 10k race in the world.Jenelle Schneider / PNGThe names and times of all finishers will be published in The Vancouver Sun newspaper on Monday, April 18.Jenelle Schneider / PNGThe ChampionChip is a tiny transponder you attach the chip to your shoe and it records the time it takes you to get from start to finish no matter where in the pack you are,Jenelle Schneider / PNGThe first race is the wheelchair race.Jenelle Schneider / PNGEntrants of similar ability are grouped in different time zones and start the race in a series of short timed intervals.Jenelle Schneider / PNGFrom walkers to runners, individuals to team participants, all come to participate in one of the most scenic events.Jenelle Schneider / PNG51,419 Sun Runners celebrated the 26th year of the event in 2010.Jenelle Schneider / PNGShareAdjustCommentPrint xShareSun Run Photos: Find yourself in the crowds Email Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Linkedin


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The Wednesday, December 5 Library and Information Technology Forum features Cory Stokes and Adam Stewart who plan to provide an overview of services offered by Teaching and Learning Technologies. TLT is a new department that resulted from combining TACC (Technology Assisted Curriculum Center) and IMS (Instructional Media Services) into one entity.
Please join us in the Spencer F. and Cleone P. Eccles Health Sciences Education Building, Room 2600 at 12:05-1:00 p.m. for this program.
Program Description:
In the Spring of 2012, the TACC Center and IMS were merged to form Teaching & Learning Technologies. TLT provides a wide array of technology support and assistance to University of Utah faculty, staff and students, both in classrooms and web environments. This informational session will provide an overview of this newly-formed department and the various resources that it offers to the campus community. Several members of the TLT staff will also be available to answer questions.
Cory Stokes, Executive Director, Teaching & Learning Technologies. Cory brings extensive instructional technology experience to the University specializing in large-scale course management systems and learning object repositories. He implemented several course and media services for institutions and schools across the Utah Education Network as well as collaborative projects with PBS and other national partners. Cory holds an M.S. in Instructional Technology from Utah State University.
Adam Stewart, Classroom Services Manager, Teaching & Learning Technologies. Adam oversees administrative functions of Campus Video Services and Audiovisual Distribution. Adam coordinates and implements workflow and new technologies. Adam is the co-coordinator for LIFT Forum programs.
For more details, visit the LIFT Forum web page. Program can be viewed from off-site via link from the web page; and available on demand after the program.
The LIFT Forum is co-sponsored by the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library and the Media-on-Demand committee.
Questions can be directed to: Jeanne Le Ber; 801-585-6744.


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The drought parching harvests in several of the world's most productive food baskets is the summer's hottest global food story. Eerily, it's matched by the season's hottest archeological finding, which comes across as a cautionary tale.
Benjamin Cook, who sifts through mountains of computerized data rather than dusting off shards of pottery like old-fashioned archeologists, developed a climate model that explains one of the great mysteries of Western hemisphere history — the sudden collapse of the advanced and mighty Mayan Empire roughly 1300 years ago.
Turns out that drought, human-caused drought, was the culprit that made central America, home base for the Mayans, uninhabitable. The Mayans chopped down forests both to clear land for farming maize (corn) and to burn timber used to convert limestone into building blocks for Mayan temples, much like the energy-intense process used to make today's cement.
Once the region lost its dark forest canopy that previously absorbed the sun's rays, the heat bounced back into the atmosphere, thereby evaporating clouds that once dropped rain needed to feed the first empire entirely dependent on a food supply centered around corn. History seems to be repeating itself for the second of the western hemisphere's great empires entirely dependent on a food supply centered around corn and an energy system bent on deforestation.
But what I saw in Honduras confirms there is life after plantation-style fields of corn. It just takes a complete rethink of the standard polarization so common in "western" thinking, which holds that forests are about wilderness that has to be cleared before fields can produce agriculture and civilization.
The continuing holding power of that myth influences today's urban forestry ethic, which promotes city trees as ways to bring nature back to the city and provide pleasing and calming environments that improve air quality and boost mental health. But a new generation of city tree boosters see orchards and forests as ways to grow food, not just an escape from the Civilization Blues.
What I saw among the Indigenous peoples in Yorito and its surrounding mountain ranges certainly confirms the view that forest gardens have what it takes to provide food, as well as other benefits.
Of course, Honduras has some obvious advantages when it comes to food production. Aside from a tropical climate, it's classed as a "center of origin" for many of the world's major food crops, such as corn. It enjoyed plenty of genetic diversity of its own, as well as a imports from other tropical colonies controlled by Spanish conquerors of central America.
If Yorito, where I was based, gets on the tourist map for forest gardens, it will be the first time Yorito gets on the tourist map. The village is about a three-hour drive north on paved road from the capital city. The nearby mountain villages we visited every day are another two-hour lurching jeep drive over rib-crunching dirt and gravel roads (Note to self — never underestimate the value of high-quality country roads again).
We ate our morning and evening meals in the living room of Nelba Velasquez, one of Yorito's leading micro-entrepreneurs, who also started a water purification plant staffed by young single moms, as well as a landscape shop and forest garden in her own quarter-acre yard. Much of the food in the restaurant comes from the garden. Like many people in town, she grows beans and squash on raised beds and hosts a number of chickens, who live up to the free in free range.
The first thing I notice is that the temperature in her forest garden drops about five degrees, partly thanks to shade and partly due to the evaporation of cool water from broad-leafed trees. Nelba says she sometimes comes here for a cool afternoon snooze in a hammock tied between two trees – the latest must-have in forest gardening.
Here in one overgrown parcel of a quarter acre lot, I see a beautiful and scrumptious answer to climate chaos, hunger, and the chronic disease pandemic created by deficiency of micronutrients suffered by rich and poor alike. Nelba has been tending this garden for 26 years ago, when she bought the abandoned livestock pasture she turned into a home.
If this were a supermarket, no-one would complain about lack of choice in the produce or medicine aisles from a hundred-foot diet.
Here is my count of what fits in her backyard besides a hammock, a clothes line, a baking oven for bread, a catchment basin for rainwater, two heaps of Japanese-style super-powered compost called Bokachi, a woodpile, a raised bed garden for vegetables, and a showroom for landscape plants: four avocado trees, two of two different kinds of guava trees, a papaya tree, a mandarin orange and lemon tree, a tree bearing yellow Nanci berries for juice, a plum, 60 coffee plants, a tamarind and an allspice tree, with sweet grass (for Thai soup and tea), balladania (a herbal that soothes anxiety), allspice and passion fruit hanging out of the fence lining her neighbor's property. Did I almost forget ten varieties of banana?
The entire garden is organic and requires no plowing, which keeps all the carbon stored by trees and in the soil intact, a powerful measure to mitigate global warming.
Nelba puts the diversity down to a personality quirk. "I always want to diversify everything. My hands are in everything," Nelba tells me after our tour.
Aside from running the water purification plant next door for a day a week, Nelba is also on the local public health board and is treasurer of her local "cial," which promotes seed diversity as a tool of empowerment for low-income communities. Forest gardens are sprouting among the hilltops dominated by beans and corn, wherever cial chapters flourish.
I believe these kinds of forest gardens are becoming the next new thing in North America's local food movement. Earlier this summer, Seattle claimed to have North America's first, only to be jumped on by a score of cities and towns claiming they were first. The nice thing is that edible forest gardens don't have to compete with trees grown for beauty, shade and animal habitat. Forests are all-inclusive presences.
We don't need a prophet to lead us out of the wilderness, my solar engineer friend Greg Allen likes to say. We need a prophet to lead us back. Food production can be part of that restoration.


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Other research found traditional colonoscopy still better than virtual version
TUESDAY, May 20 (HealthDay News) -- The people who most need to have repeat colonoscopies to detect precancerous growths are less likely to get the potentially lifesaving procedures, new research shows.
"We are doing more colonoscopies among the low-risk groups and not enough among the high-risk," study author Dr. Adeyinka Laiyemo, a cancer prevention research fellow at the National Cancer Institute, said during a press conference Monday at Digestive Disease Week 2008 in San Diego.
In a colonoscopy, a thin, lighted flexible tube with a tiny video camera is eased into the colon and a tiny camera transmits pictures to a TV screen. Small air puffs put into the colon keep it open and allow the doctor to see it clearly.
Laiyemo reported on the follow-up to the Polyp Prevention Trial, in which his team continued to follow those participants after the trial ended. The original trial was a four-year study in which some patients were randomly assigned to eat a low-fat, high-fiber diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables to see if it would prevent the recurrence of polyps, growths that can develop into colon cancers.
Of the 2,079 enrolled in the trial, 92 percent finished it, having an average of 3.1 colonoscopies, procedures that can detect colon cancer in early and curable stages. Of those, 1,297 patients agreed to be followed up by providing their subsequent colonoscopy reports.
During the six or more years of follow-up, 774 had repeat procedures. But while 30 percent of the patients termed low-risk (because they had a low risk of polyps at the end of the trial), just 41 percent of those classified as high risk of recurrence had repeat colonoscopies.
A second study, also presented at the conference, continues to support colonoscopy as the first line of detection for polyps. "The bigger the polyp, the greater the chance [the colon] has cancer already or it is going to turn into it," said Dr. Douglas Rex, a professor of medicine at Indiana University School of Medicine and director of endoscopy at Indiana University Hospital, in Indianapolis.
In his study, Rex wanted to evaluate the impact of a new recommendation from the American College of Radiology, recommending that polyps 5 millimeters or smaller not be reported on CT colonography (CTC), also called virtual colonoscopy, a procedure in which a detailed picture of the colon is created by an X-ray machine linked to a computer. The recommendation also suggests those with one or two polyps that are 6 millimeters to 9 millimeters be offered CTC surveillance in three years instead of polyp removal.
Rex's team looked at more than 10,000 polyps over a five-year period after they had colonoscopies. They wanted to figure out how many patients would have been identified as higher risk if they had CTC as their first test instead of colonoscopy, doing so by evaluating the numbers and sizes of polyps.
If CTC had been used as the first test, and if the CTC had been 100 percent accurate at finding polyps over 5 millimeters, then 29 percent of all the patients and 30 percent of those over age 50 with high-risk polyps would have been classified as normal, he said.
In another presentation, the shorter the interval between completing the bowel cleaning preparation required before colonoscopy and the start of the procedure, the better.
"Colonoscopy started within 14 hours of the last preparation had better quality," said study author Dr. Ali Siddiqui, an assistant professor of internal medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
His team gathered information over a three-month period on 378 outpatients who had colonoscopies done at a VA Medical Center.
The American Cancer Society expects more than 108,000 cases of colon cancer diagnoses this year, plus another 40,000 cases of rectal cancer. Almost 50,000 people in the United States will die of colorectal cancer this year, the society estimates.
More information
For more on colonoscopies, go to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
SOURCES: May 19, 2008, teleconference with Adeyinka O. Laiyemo, M.D., Cancer Prevention Fellow, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md.; Douglas Rex, M.D., professor, medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and director, endoscopy, Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis; Ali Siddiqui, M.D., assistant professor, internal medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; May 19, 2008, presentations, Digestive Diseases Week 2008, San Diego
|Copyright©2008 ScoutNews,LLC.
All rights reserved


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Digital Stencil Duplicator Market 2017 report provides a basic overview of international industry including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. And development policies and plans are discussed as well as manufacturing processes and cost structures.
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