text:
Adrenaline Easy Installer updated for Adrenaline-2 – PSVita
Adrenaline Easy Installer, easily one of the most well-known homebrew, was updated for use with Adrenaline-2. This marks version 1.061 because the initial version 1.06 required you to delete the old version of Adrenaline you had. You can't blame 'Freakler' because he did it on such short notice anyway 😉
What's Adrenaline Easy Installer?
As the name suggests, it's a homebrew that makes installing Adrenaline, TheFlow's ePSP hack, a breeze. Apart from installing Adrenaline, it can also uninstall it and add a custom theme to the Adrenaline bubble you chose. Of course, you need a PSP game/demo on your PSVita for it to work but you can get that via PSN (access is there.. again) or via CelesteBlue's 'ePSP Bubble Installer' homebrew from GekiHEN that stunned us all as it activates your Vita and installs an ePSP bubble for you which in turn assures ePSP forever and everyone. When installing, you must choose the game you want to install it on and that's all! It'll take care of everything itself.
What's changed in 1.06/1.061?
The main aim of this release is to add Adrenaline-2 compatibility and that's about it as per the changelog. The GitHub changelog didn't get updated to 1.061 but according to the developer on Twitter, v1.061 simply detects your old version and deletes it for you when you choose 'Install Adrenaline' on the menu. This makes it easier and you'll be less likely to mess something up.
How do I get it?
Acquiring it is quite simple. Simply download if from the GitHub page linked below, install the VPK on your Vita via VitaShell and run it! This requires unsafe access so only download it from an official source to avoid malware. Of course, you need a PSP game/demo for this to function as mentioned earlier. You musf enable 'unsafe homebrew' in MolecualShell for this homebrew to run well. It's also available on Vita Homebrew browser by 'Devnoname120' on GekiHEN.
GitHub release page: https://github.com/Freakler/vita-AdrenalineEasyInstaller/releases/tag/v1.06
Freakler's update tweet: https://twitter.com/freakler94/status/848667300916068357

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sometimes called the Zeusaphone, a Tesla coil's musical application is well known and long admired. We've heard it with the Super Mario Bros. theme, now admire a high voltage performance of The Legend of Zelda's title theme by Tesla Orchestra, a group of coilers from the Case Western Reserve University student and alumni community.
[Thanks to iamspoo for the tip]


text:
Renewing Dioceses Share Journey In Live Webcast
The journey of renewal by The Episcopal Church"s Dioceses of Fort Worth, Pittsburgh, Quincy, and San Joaquin will be featured in a live webcast on Tuesday, July 7.
The live webcast will originate from the General Convention of The Episcopal Church from 4:15 pm to 5 pm Pacific (5:15 pm Mountain, 6:15 pm Central, 7:15 pm Eastern). It will be shown live on the Media Hub, http://www.episcopalchurch.org/gchub will be available on-demand following the event.
The participants will be the bishops and representatives of the four renewing dioceses. They will discuss the progress, hopes, joys and ministry that is happening in their renewing dioceses. Personal stories of the journey of renewal will be shared.
The Episcopal Church"s General Convention 2009 will be held July 8 17 at the Anaheim Convention Center in California. The Episcopal Church"s General Convention, held every three years, is the bicameral governing body of the church. General Convention is comprised of the House of Bishops, with upwards of 200 members, and the House of Deputies, with clergy and lay representatives from the 110 dioceses, with approximately 850 members.
The Media Hub website, created by The Episcopal Church's Office of Communication, makes it possible for the first time for people everywhere to experience General Convention and interact with others there.
The Episcopal Church, with 110 dioceses in 16 nations, is a member province of the worldwide Anglican Communion.
The Episcopal Church: www.episcopalchurch.org
General Convention: http://www.episcopalchurch.org/gc2009.htm
Media Hub: http://www.episcopalchurch.org/gchub
IamEpiscopalian: http://www.iamepiscopalian.org/


text:
- Sudden oak death
acutie Oak Decline 240px Canker on an infected oak Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Chromalveolata Phylum: Heterokontophyta Class: Oomycetes Order: Pythiales Family: Pythiaceae Genus: Phytophthora Species: P. ramorum Binomial name Phytophthora ramorum
Werres et al. 2001
Sudden Oak Death is the common name of a disease caused by the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. The disease kills oak and other species of tree and has had devastating effects on the oak populations in California and Oregon as well as also being present in Europe. Symptoms include bleeding cankers on the tree's trunk and dieback of the foliage, in many cases eventually leading to the death of the tree.
P. ramorum also infects a great number of other plant species, significantly rhododendrons, causing a non-fatal foliage disease known as ramorum dieback. Such plants can act as a source of the inoculum for the disease, with the pathogen producing spores that can be transmitted by wind and rainwater.
P. ramorum was first reported in 1995, and the origins of the pathogen are still unclear but most evidence suggests it was introduced as an exotic species. Very few control mechanisms exist for the disease, and they rely upon early detection and proper disposal of infected plant material.
- 1 Presence
- 2 Hosts and symptoms
- 3 Transmission
- 4 The two mating types
- 5 Possible origins
- 6 Ecological impacts
- 7 Control
- 8 Government Agency Involvement
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 External links
The disease is known to exist in California's coastal region between Big Sur (in Monterey County) and southern Humboldt County. It is confirmed to exist in all coastal counties in this range, as well as in all immediately inland counties from Santa Clara County north to Lake County. It has not been found east of the California Coast Ranges, however. It was reported in Curry County, Oregon (just north of the California border) in 2001. About the same time, a similar disease in continental Europe and the UK was also identified as Phytophthora ramorum.[citation needed] Sonoma County has been hit the hardest, they have more than twice the area of new mortality than any other county in California (http://www.sonoma-county.org/des/pdf/sodsr_plan.pdf)
Hosts and symptoms
It was first discovered in California in 1995 when large numbers of tanoaks (Lithocarpus densiflorus) died mysteriously, and was described as a new species of Phytophthora in 2000. It has subsequently been found in many other areas including Britain, Germany, and some other U.S. states, either accidentally introduced in nursery stock, or already present undetected.
In tanoaks, the disease may be recognized by wilting new shoots, older leaves becoming pale green, and after a period of two to three weeks, foliage turns brown while clinging to the branches. Dark brown sap may stain the lower trunk's bark. Bark may split and exude gum, with visible discoloration. After the tree dies back, suckers will try to sprout the next year, but their tips soon bend and die. Ambrosia beetles (Monarthrum scutellare) will most likely infest a dying tree during midsummer, producing piles of fine white dust near tiny holes. Later, bark beetles (Pseudopityophthorus pubipennis) produce fine red boring dust. Small black domes, the fruiting bodies of the Hypoxylon fungus, may also be present on the bark. Leaf death may occur more than a year after the initial infection and months after the tree has been girdled by beetles.
In Coast Live Oaks and Californian Black Oaks, the first symptom is a burgundy-red to tar-black thick sap bleeding from the bark surface. These are often referred to as bleeding cankers.
In addition to oaks, many other forest species may be hosts for the disease, in fact it was observed in the USA that nearly all woody plants in some Californian forests were susceptible to P. ramorum.[1] including rhododendron, Madrone (Arbutus menziesii), Evergreen Huckleberry (Vaccinium ovatum), California Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica), Buckeye (Aesculus californica), Bigleaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum), Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp.), Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Coffeeberry (Rhamnus californica), Honeysuckle (Lonicera hispidula) and Shreve's Oak (Quercus parvula v. shrevei). P. ramorum more commonly causes a less severe disease known as Ramorum dieback/leaf blight on these hosts. Characteristic symptoms are dark spots on foliage and in some hosts the dieback of the stems and twigs.[2] The disease is capable of killing some hosts, such as Rhododendron, but most survive. Disease progression on these species is not well documented but hikers have observed dead Douglas-firs with massive quantities of red frass surrounding their base. Redwoods exhibit needle discoloration and cankers on small branches, with purple lesions on sprouts that may lead to sprout mortality.
In late 2009 the disease was first found in Japanese Larch trees, in the English counties of Devon, Cornwall and Somerset.[3] In August 2010 disease was found in Japanese Larch trees, in counties Waterford and Tipperary in Ireland.[4]
P. ramorum produces both resting spores (chlamydospores) and zoospores, which have flagella enabling swimming. P. ramorum is spread by air;[5] one of the major mechanisms of dispersal is rainwater splashing spores onto other susceptible plants, and into watercourses to be carried for greater distances.[5] Chlamydospores can withstand harsh conditions and are able to overwinter.[5] The pathogen will take advantage of wounding, but it is not necessary for infection to occur.[6]
As mentioned above, P. ramorum does not kill every plant that can be used as a host, and it is these plants that are most important in the epidemiology of the disease as they act as sources of inoculum.[7] In the USA bay laurel seems to be the main source of inoculum in forests. Green waste, such as leaf litter and tree stumps are also capable of supporting P. ramorum as a saprotroph and acting as a source of inoculum. Because P. ramorum is able to infect many ornamental plants, it can be transmitted by ornamental plant movement.
Hikers, mountain bikers, equestrians, and other people engaged in various outdoor activities may also unwittingly move the pathogen into areas where it was not previously present. Those travelling in an area known to be infested with SOD can help prevent the spread of the disease by cleaning their (and their animal's) feet, tires, tools, camping equipment, etc. before returning home or entering another uninfected area, especially if they have been in muddy soil. Additionally, the movement of firewood[8] could serve as a vector for Sudden Oak Death, so both homeowners and travelers alike are advised to buy and burn local firewood.
The two mating types
P. ramorum is heterothallic and has two mating types identified: A1 and A2. Interestingly A1 is found almost exclusively in Europe and A2 in North America. Genetics of the two isolates indicate that they are reproductively isolated.[9] On average the A1 mating type is more virulent than the A2 mating type but there is more variation in the pathogenicity of A2 isolates.[10] Because of the genetic and pathological differences it is believed that if the two mating types remain reproductively isolated then two sub-species will be formed.
Possible origins
P. ramorum is a relatively new disease, and there have been several debates about where it may have originated or how it evolved.
Introduction as an exotic species
Evidence exists that suggests P. ramorum may be an introduced exotic species, and that these introductions occurred separately for the European and NA populations, hence why only one mating type exists on each continent – this is called a founder effect.[11] The differences between the two populations are thus caused by adaptation to separate climates. Evidence includes little genetic variability, as Phytophthora ramorum has not had time to diversify since being recently introduced. What variability there is may be explained by multiple introductions with a few individuals adapting best to their respective environments.[12] The behavior of the pathogen in California is also indicative of being introduced; it is assumed that such a high mortality rate of trees would have been noticed sooner if P. ramorum were native.
Where Phytophthora ramorum did originate remains unclear but most researchers feel Asia is the most likely, since many of the hosts of P. ramorum originated there.[13] Since certain climates are best suited to P. ramorum, the most likely sources are the Southern Himalayas, Tibet or Yunnan province.[14]
Hybridization events
Species of Phytophthora have been shown to have evolved by the interspecific hybridization of two different species from the genus.[15] When a species is introduced into a new environment it causes episodic selection. The invading species is exposed to other resident taxa, and hybridization may occur to produce a new species. If these hybrids are successful, they may out compete their parent species.[16] Thus it is possible that Phytophthora ramorum is a hybrid between two species. Its unique morphology does support this. Also, 3 sequences that were studied to establish the phylogeny of Phytophthora: ITS, cox II and nad 5, were identical supporting Phytophthora ramorum having recently evolved.
A native organism
It is possible that Phytophthora ramorum is native to the USA. Infection rates could have previously been at a low level, but changes in the environment caused a change to the population structure.[17] Alternatively, the symptoms of Phytophthora ramorum may have been mistaken for that of other pathogens. When SOD first appeared in the USA, many other pathogens and conditions were blamed before P. ramorum was found to be the causal agent.[18] With many of the most seriously affected plants being in the forest, the likelihood of seeing diseased trees is also low.
Ecological impacts
In addition to the direct impacts of this emerging disease (tree mortality), numerous indirect effects will inevitably manifest. Many of the most serious changes will not be apparent for decades, but several predictions of long-term impacts have been proposed in the scientific literature (e.g.[19]). While such predictions are necessarily speculative, indirect impacts occurring on shorter time scales have been documented in a few cases. For instance, one study demonstrated that redwood trees increased their growth rates after neighboring tanoaks were killed by sudden oak death.[20] Other studies have combined current observations and reconstruction/projection techniques to document short-term impacts while also inferring future conditions; as an example, one recent open-access publication used this approach to investigate the effects of sudden oak death on structural characteristics of redwood forests.[21]
Additional long-term impacts of SOD may also be inferred from regeneration patterns in areas that have experienced severe mortality. Current regeneration patterns may indicate which tree species will replace tanoak in diseased areas; such transitions will be of particular importance in forest types that were relatively poor in tree species diversity even before the introduction of SOD (e.g. redwood forest). The only scientific study [22] to comprehensively examine regeneration in SOD-impacted redwood forests found no evidence that other broadleaf tree species are beginning to recruit; the researchers instead observed that redwood was colonizing most mortality gaps. However, they also found inadequate regeneration in some areas and concluded that definitive regeneration patterns have not yet manifested. In addition, this study only considered one study site (in Marin County, CA) and thus additional studies are needed before broad generalizations can be stated.
Early detection
Early detection of P. ramorum is essential for its control. On an individual-tree basis, preventative treatments, which are more effective than therapeutic treatments,[23] depend on knowledge of the pathogen's movement through the landscape to know when it is nearing prized trees. On the landscape level, P. ramorum's fast and often undetectable movement means that any treatment hoping to slow its spread must happen very early in the development of an infestation. Since P. ramorum's discovery, researchers have been working on the development of early detection methods on scales ranging from diagnosis in individual infected plants to landscape-level detection efforts involving large numbers of people.
Detecting the presence of Phytophthora species requires laboratory confirmation. The traditional method of culturing is on a growth medium that is selective against fungi (and, in some cases, against other oomycetes such as Pythium species). Host material is removed from the leading edge of a plant tissue canker caused by the pathogen; resulting growth is examined under a microscope to confirm the unique morphology of P. ramorum. Successful isolation of the pathogen often depends on the type of host tissue and the time of year that detection is attempted.[24]
Because of these difficulties, researchers have developed some other approaches for identifying P. ramorum. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test can be the first step in non-culture methods of identifying P. ramorum, but it can only be a first step, because it detects the presence of proteins that are produced by all Phytophthora species. In other words, it can identify to the Phytophthora genus level, but not to the species level. ELISA tests can process large numbers of samples at once, so researchers often use it to screen out samples that are likely positive from those that are not when the total number of samples is very large.[24] Some manufacturers produce small-scale ELISA "field kits" that the homeowner can use to determine if plant tissue is infected by Phytophthora.
Researchers have also developed numerous molecular techniques for P. ramorum identification. These include amplifying DNA sequences in the internal transcribed spacer region of the P. ramorum genome (ITS Polymerase Chain Reaction, or ITS PCR); real-time PCR, in which DNA abundance is measured in real time during the PCR reaction, using dyes or probes such as SBYR-Green or TaqMan; multiplex PCR, which amplifies more than one region of DNA at the same time; and Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP), which uses the ITS DNA sequence amplified by the PCR reaction to differentiate Phytophthora species according to their differential movement through a gel.[24]
Additionally, researchers have begun using features of the DNA sequence of P. ramorum to pinpoint the minuscule differences of separate P. ramorum isolates from each other. Two techniques for doing this are amplified fragment length polymorphism, which through comparing differences between various fragments in the sequence has enabled researchers to differentiate correctly between EU and U.S. isolates,[24] and the examination of microsatellites, which are areas on the sequence featuring repeating base pairs. When P. ramorum propagules arrive in a new geographic location and establish colonies, these microsatellites begin to display mutation in a relatively short time, and they mutate in a stepwise fashion. Based on this, researchers in California have been able to construct trees, based on microsatellite analyses of isolates collected from around the state, that trace the movement of P. ramorum from two likely initial points of establishment in Marin and Santa Cruz counties and out to subsequent points.[25]
Early detection of P. ramorum on a landscape scale begins with the observation of symptoms on individual plants (and/or detecting P. ramorum propagules in watercourses; see below). Systematic ground-based monitoring has been difficult within the range of P. ramorum because most infected trees stand on a complex mosaic of lands with various ownerships. In some areas, targeted ground-based surveys have been conducted in areas of heavy recreation or visitor use such as parks, trailheads, and boat ramps. In California, when conducting ground-based detection, looking for symptoms on bay laurel is the most effective strategy, since P. ramorum infection of true oaks and tanoaks is almost always highly associated with bay laurel, the main epidemiological springboard for the pathogen.[26][27][28] Moreover, on many sites in California (though not all), P. ramorum can typically be detected from infected bay laurel tissues via culturing techniques year-round; this is not the case for most other hosts, nor is it the case in Oregon, where tanoak is the most reliable host.[29]
As part of a nationwide USDA program, a ground-based detection survey was implemented from 2003 to 2006 in thirty-nine U.S. states to determine whether the pathogen was established outside the West Coast areas already known to be infested. Sampling areas were stratified by environmental variables likely to be conducive to pathogen growth and by proximity to possible points of inoculum introduction such as nurseries. Samples were collected along transects established in potentially susceptible forests or outside the perimeters of nurseries. The only positive samples were collected in California, confirming that P. ramorum was not yet established in the environment outside the West Coast.[30]
Aerial surveying has proven useful for detection of P. ramorum infestations across large landscapes, although it is not as "early" a technique as some others because it depends on spotting dead tanoak crowns from fixed-wing aircraft. Sophisticated GPS and sketch-mapping technology enables spotters to mark the locations of dead trees so that ground crews can return to the area to sample from nearby vegetation.[31]
Detection of P. ramorum in watercourses has emerged as the earliest of early detection methods. This technique employs pear or rhododendron baits suspended in the watercourse using ropes, buckets, mesh bags, or other similar devices. If plants in the watershed are infected with P. ramorum, zoospores of the pathogen (as well as other Phytophthora spp.) are likely present in adjacent waterways. Under conducive weather conditions, the zoospores are attracted to the baits and infect them, causing lesions that can be isolated to culture the pathogen or analyzed via PCR assay.[32][33] This method has detected P. ramorum at scales ranging from small, intermittent seasonal drainages to the Garcia, Chetco, and South Fork Eel Rivers in California and Oregon (144, 352, and 689 mi2 drainage areas, respectively). It can detect the existence of infected plants in watersheds before any mortality from the infections becomes evident. Of course, it cannot detect the exact locations of those infected plants: at the first sign of P. ramorum propagules in the stream, crews must scour the watershed using all available means to find symptomatic vegetation.
A less technical means of detecting P. ramorum at the landscape level involves engaging local landowners across the landscape in the search. Many local county Agriculture Departments and University of California Cooperative Extension offices in California have been able to keep track of the distribution of the pathogen in their regions through reports and samples brought to them by the public. In 2008, the Garbelotto Laboratory at UC Berkeley, along with local collaborators, hosted a series of educational events, called "SOD Blitzes," designed to give local landowners basic information about P. ramorum and how to identify its symptoms; each participant was provided with a sampling kit, sampled a certain number of trees on his or her property, and returned the samples to the lab for analysis. It is hoped that this kind of "citizen science" can help generate an improved map of P. ramorum distribution in the areas where the workshops are held.
Wildland management
The course that P. ramorum management should take depends on a number of factors, including the scale of the landscape upon which one hopes to manage it. Management of P. ramorum has been undertaken at the landscape/ regional level in Oregon in the form of a campaign to completely eradicate the pathogen from the forests in which it has been found (mostly private, but also USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management ownership).[34][35][36] The eradication campaign involves vigorous early detection by airplane and watercourse monitoring, a U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA APHIS) and Oregon Department of Agriculture-led quarantine to prevent movement of host materials out of the area where infected trees are found, and immediate removal of P. ramorum host vegetation, symptomatic or not, within a 300-foot (91 m) buffer around each infected tree.
The Oregon eradication effort, which began near the town of Brookings in southwest Oregon in 2001, has adapted its management efforts over the years in response to new information about P. ramorum. For example, after inoculation trials of various tree species more clearly delineated which hosts are susceptible, the Oregon cooperators began leaving non-host species such as Douglas-fir and red alder on site. In another example, after finding that a small percentage of tanoak stumps that were resprouting on the host removal sites were infected with the pathogen—whether these infections were systemic or reached the sprouts from the surrounding environment is unknown—the cooperators began pretreating trees with very small, targeted amounts of herbicide to kill the root systems of infected tanoaks before cutting them down. The effort has been successful in that while it has not yet completely eradicated the pathogen from Oregon forests, the epidemic in Oregon has not taken the explosive course that it has in California forests.
California, on the other hand, faces significant obstacles that preclude it from mounting the same kind of eradication effort. For one thing, the organism was too well established in forests in the Santa Cruz and San Francisco Bay areas by the time the cause of Sudden Oak Death was discovered to enable any eradication effort to succeed. Even in still relatively uninfested areas of the north coast and southern Big Sur, regionally coordinated efforts to manage the pathogen face huge challenges of leadership, coordination, and funding. Nevertheless, land managers are still working to coordinate efforts between states, counties, and agencies to provide P. ramorum management in a more comprehensive manner.
Several options exist for landowners who want to treat to limit the impacts of Sudden Oak Death on their properties. None of these options is foolproof, guaranteed to eradicate P. ramorum, or guaranteed to prevent a tree from becoming infected. Some are still in the initial stage of testing. Nevertheless, when used thoughtfully and thoroughly, some of the treatments do improve the likelihood of either slowing the spread of the pathogen or of limiting its impacts on trees or stands of trees. Assuming that the landowner has correctly identified the host tree(s) and symptom(s), has submitted a sample to a local authority to send to an approved laboratory for testing, and has received confirmation that the tree(s) are indeed infected with P. ramorum—or, alternatively, assuming that the landowner knows that P. ramorum-infected trees are nearby and wants to protect the resources on his or her property—he or she can attempt control by cultural (individual-tree), chemical, or silvicultural (stand-level) means.
The best evidence that cultural techniques might help protect trees against P. ramorum comes from research that has established a correlation between disease risk in coast live oak trees and the trees' proximity to bay laurel.[37] In particular, this research found that bay laurel trees growing within 5m of the trunk of an oak tree were the best predictors of disease risk. This implies that strategic removal of bay laurel trees near coast live oaks might decrease the risk of oak infection. Wholesale removal of bay laurel trees would not be warranted, since the bay laurels close to the oak trees appear to provide the greatest risk factor. Whether the same pattern is true for other oaks or tanoaks has yet to be established. Research on this subject has been started for tanoak, but any eventual cultural recommendations will be more complicated, because tanoak twigs also serve as sources of P. ramorum inoculum.
A promising treatment for preventing infection of individual oak and tanoak trees—not for curing an already established infection—is a phosphonate fungicide marketed under the trade name Agri-fos. Phosphonate is a neutralized form of phosphorous acid that works not by direct antagonism of Phytophthora, but by stimulating various of kinds of immune responses on the part of the tree.[23] It is mostly environmentally benign if not applied to non-target plants and can be applied either as an injection into the tree stem or as a spray to the bole. When applying Agri-fos as a spray, it must be combined with an organosilicate surfactant, Pentra-bark, to enable the product to adhere to the bole long enough to be absorbed by the tree. Agri-fos has been very effective in preventing tree infections, but it must be applied when visible symptoms of P. ramorum on other trees in the immediate neighborhood are still relatively distant; otherwise, it is likely that the tree one wishes to treat is already infected but that visible symptoms have not yet developed (this is especially true for tanoak).
Trials of silvicultural methods for treating P. ramorum began in Humboldt County in northwest coastal California in 2006. The trials have taken place on a variety of infested properties both private and public and have generally focused on varying levels and kinds of host removal. The largest (50 acres (200,000 m2)) and most replicated trials have involved removal of tanoak and bay laurel by chainsaw throughout the infested stand, both with and without subsequent underburning designed to eliminate small seedlings and infested leaf litter.[38] Other treatments included host removal in a modified "shaded fuelbreak" design in which all bay laurel is removed, but not all tanoaks; bay and tanoak removal using herbicides; and removal of bay laurel alone. The results of these treatments are still being monitored, but repeated sampling has so far detected only very small amounts of P. ramorum in the soil or on vegetation in the treated sites.
Nursery management
Research and development in managing P. ramorum in nursery settings extends from P. ramorum in the individual plant, to P. ramorum in the nursery environment, to the pathogen's movement across state and national borders in infected plants.
An array of studies have tested the curative and protective effects of various chemical compounds against P. ramorum in plants valued as ornamentals or Christmas trees. Many studies have focused on the four main ornamental hosts of P. ramorum (Rhododendron, Camellia, Viburnum, and Pieris). Several effective compounds have been found; some of the most effective include mefenoxam, metalaxyl, dimethomorph, and fenamidone. Many of these studies have converged upon the following conclusions: chemical compounds are, in general, more effective as preventatives than in curatives; when used preventatively, chemical compounds must be reapplied at various intervals; and chemical compounds can mask the symptoms of P. ramorum infection in the host plant, potentially interfering with inspections for quarantine efforts. In general, these compounds suppress but do not eradicate the pathogen, and some researchers are concerned that with repeated use the pathogen may become resistant to them. These studies and conclusions are summarized by Kliejunas.[39]
Another area of research and evolving practice deals with eliminating P. ramorum from nursery environments in which it is established to prevent human-mediated pathogen movement within the ornamental plant trade. One way of approaching this is through a robust quarantine and inspection program, which the various federal and state regulatory agencies have implemented. Under the federal P. ramorum quarantine program implemented by USDA APHIS, nurseries in California, Oregon, and Washington are regulated and must participate in an annual inspection regime; nurseries in the fourteen infested counties in coastal California, plus the limited infested area in Curry County, Oregon, must participate in a more stringent inspection schedule when shipping out of this area.[40]
Much of the research into disinfesting nurseries has focused on the voluntary Best Management Practices (BMPs) that nurseries can implement to prevent P. ramorum's introduction into the nursery and movement from plant to plant. In 2008, a group of nursery industry organizations issued a list of BMPs that includes subsections on Pest Prevention/Management, Training, Internal/External Monitoring/Audits, Records/Traceability, and Documentation. The document includes such specific recommendations as "Avoid overhead irrigation of high-risk plants"; "After every crop rotation, disinfect propagation mist beds, sorting area, cutting benches, machines and tools to minimize the spread or introduction of pathogens"; and "Nursery personnel should attend one or more P. ramorum trainings conducted by qualified personnel or document self-training".[41][42]
Research on control of P. ramorum in nurseries has also focused on disinfesting irrigation water containing P. ramorum inoculum. Irrigation water can become infested from bay trees in the forest (if the irrigation source is a stream), from bay trees overhanging irrigation ponds, from runoff from infested forests,[43] or from recirculated irrigation water.[44] Experiments in Germany with three types of filters—slow sand filters, lava filters, and constructed wetlands—showed that the first two removed P. ramorum from the irrigation water completely, while 37% of the post-treatment water samples from the constructed wetland still contained P. ramorum.[45]
Since P. ramorum can persist for an undetermined period of time within the soil profile, management programs in nurseries should also deal with delineating the pathogen's distribution in nursery soil and eliminating it from infested areas. A variety of chemical options have been tested for soil disinfestation, including such chemicals as chloropicrin, metham sodium, iodomethane and dazomet. Lab tests indicated that all of these chemicals were effective when applied to infested soil in glass jars. Additionally, tests on volunteer nurseries with infested soil demonstrated that dazomet (trade name Basamid) fumigation followed by a 14-day tarping period successfully removed P. ramorum from the soil profile.[46] Other soil disinfestation practices under investigation, or in which interest has been expressed, include steam sterilization, solarization, and paving of infested areas.
General sanitation in infested areas
One of the most important aspects of P. ramorum control involves interrupting the human-mediated movement of the pathogen by ensuring that infested materials do not move from location to location. While enforceable quarantines perform part of this function, basic cleanliness when working or recreating in infested areas is also important. In most cases, cleanliness practices involve ridding potentially infested surfaces—such as shoes, vehicles, and pets—of foliage and mud before leaving the infested area. The demands of implementing these practices become more complex when large numbers of people are working in infested areas, as in construction, timber harvesting, or wildfire suppression. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection and USDA Forest Service have implemented guidelines and mitigation requirements for the latter two situations; basic information about cleanliness in P. ramorum-infested areas can be found at the California Oak Mortality Task Force web site (www.suddenoakdeath.org) under the "Treatment and Management" section (subsection "Sanitation and Reducing Spread").
Government Agency Involvement
In England in 2009, the Forestry Commission, DEFRA, the Food and Environment Research Agency, Cornwall County Council, and Natural England are working together to record the locations and deal with this disease. Natural England is offering grant funding through its Environmental Stewardship, Countryside Stewardship and Environmentally Sensitive Area schemes to clear rhododendron.[47] In 2011, the Forestry Commission started felling 10,000 acres (40 km2) of larch forest in the SW of England, as an attempt to halt the spread of the disease.[48]
See also
- Acute oak decline
- ^ Rizzo, D.M., et al. Phytophthora ramorum and Sudden Oak Death in California 1: Host Reletionships. in Fifth Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Oaks in California's Changing Landscapes. 2001. San Diego, California.
- ^ Werres, S., et al., Phytophthora ramorum sp. nov., a new pathogen on Rhododendron and Viburnun. Mycological Research, 2001. 105(10): p. 1155–1165.
- ^ Forestry Commission webpage on Phytophthora ramorum
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b c Davidson, J.M., et al. Phytophthora ramorum and Sudden Oak Death in California: II. Transmission and Survival. in Fifth Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Oaks in California's Changing Landscape. 2001. San Diego, California.
- ^ Anon, Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae: Key findings from research, DEFRA, Editor. 2005, DEFRA.
- ^ Garbelotto, M., et al., Non-oak native plants are the main hosts for sudden oak death pathogen in California. Californian Agriculture, 2003. 57(1): p. 18-23.
- ^ [www.dontmovefirewood.org "Moving Firewood Spreads Forest Pests"]. Don't Move Firewood. www.dontmovefirewood.org. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ^ Ivors, K., et al., AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum. Mycological Research, 2004. 108(4): p. 378-392.
- ^ Brasier, C., et al. Pathogenicity of Phytophthora ramorum isolates from North America and Europe to bark of European Fagaceae, American Quercus rubra and other forest trees. In Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium. 2002. Marriott Hotel, Montery.
- ^ Brasier, C., Evolutionary Biology of Phytophthora PART I: Genetic System, Sexuality and the Generation of Variation. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 1992. 30: p. 153-171.
- ^ Garbelotto, M., et al. Phytophthora ramorum and Sudden Oak Death in California: III. Preliminary Studies in Pathogen Genetics. in Fifth Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Oaks in California's Changing Landscape. 2001. San Diego, California.
- ^ Martin, F.N. and P.W. Tooley, Phylogenetic relationships of Phytophthora ramorum, P. nemorosa and P. pseudosyringae, three species recovered from areas in California with sudden oak death. Mycological Research, 2003. 107(12): p. 1379–1391.
- ^ Nicholls, H., Stopping the Rot. PLoS Biology, 2004. 2(7): p. 891-895.
- ^ Brasier, C. and E.M. Hansen, Evolutionary Biology of Phytophthora PART II: Phylogeny, Speciation, and Population Structure. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 1992. 30: p. 173-200.
- ^ Brasier, C., Episodic Selection as a force in fungal microevolution, with special reference to clonal speciation and hybrid introgression. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1994. 73 (suppl. 1.): p. S1213-S1220.
- ^ Rizzo, D.M., et al., Phytophthora ramorum as the Cause of Extensie Mortality of Quercus spp. and Luthocarpus densiflorus in California. Plant Disease, 2002. 86(3): p. 205-214.
- ^ Garbelotto, M., P. Svihra, and D.M. Rizzo, Sudden oak death syndrome fells 3 oak species. Californian Agriculture, 2001. 55(1): p. 9-19.
- ^ Rizzo, D., M. Garbelotto, and E. Hansen. 2005. Phytophthora ramorum: Integrative research and management of an emerging pathogen in California and Oregon forests. Annual Review of Phytopathology 43:309-335.
- ^ Waring, K.M., and O'Hara, K.L. 2008. Redwood/tanoak stand development and response to tanoak mortality caused by Phytophthora ramorum. Forest Ecology and Management. 255: 2650–2658.
- ^ Ramage, B. S., and O'Hara, K. L. 2010. Sudden oak death-induced tanoak mortality in coast redwood forests: Current and predicted impacts to stand structure. Forests. 1: 114-130.
- ^ Ramage, B.S., O'Hara, K.L. & Forrestel, A.B. (2011) Forest transformation resulting from an exotic pathogen: regeneration and tanoak mortality in coast redwood stands affected by sudden oak death. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41:763-772.
- ^ a b Garbelotto, M., D. J. Schmidt, and T. Y. Harnik. 2007. Phosphite Injections and Bark Application of Phosphite + Pentrabark Control Sudden Oak Death in Coast Live Oak. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 33:8.
- ^ a b c d Kliejunas, J. T. 2007c. Chapter 2: Identification and Distribution. Sudden Oak Death and Phytophthora ramorum: A Summary of the Literature. California Oak Mortality Task Force.
- ^ Mascheretti, S., P. J. P. Croucher, A. Vettraino, S. Prospero, and M. Garbelotto. 2008. Reconstruction of the Sudden Oak Death epidemic in California through microsatellite analysis of the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Molecular Ecology 17:2755–2768.
- ^ Davidson, J. M., D. M. Rizzo, M. Garbelotto, S. Tjosvold, and G. W. Slaughter. 2001. Phytophthora ramorum and Sudden Oak Death in California: II. Transmission and Survival. Pages 741-749 in Fifth Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Oaks in California's Changing Landscape. USDA Forest Service, San Diego, CA.
- ^ Davidson, J. M. and C. G. Shaw. 2003. Pathways of Movement for Phytophthora ramorum, the Causal Agent of Sudden Oak Death. Sudden Oak Death Online Symposium. The American Phytopathological Society.
- ^ Maloney, P. E., S. C. Lynch, S. F. Kane, C. E. Jensen, and D. M. Rizzo. 2005. Establishment of an Emerging Generalist Pathogen in Redwood Forest Communities. Journal of Ecology 93:6.
- ^ E. Goheen, USDA Forest Service, personal communication
- ^ Oak, S. W., A. H. Elledge, E. K. Yockey, W. D. Smith, and B. M. Tkacz. 2008. Phytophthora ramorum Early Detection Suveys for Forests in the United States, 2003–2006. Pages 413-416 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium. USDA Forest Service, Santa Rosa, CA.
- ^ Mai, J. A., W. Mark, L. Fischer, and A. Jirka. 2006. Aerial and Ground Surveys for Mapping the Distribution of Phytophthora ramorum in California. Pages 345-360 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Second Science Symposium: The State of Our Knowledge. USDA Forest Service, Monterey, CA.
- ^ Murphy, S. K., C. Lee, J. Bienapfl, Y. Valachovic, and D. M. Rizzo. 2006. Monitoring Phytophthora ramorum Distribution in Streams within Coastal California Watersheds. Page 531 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Second Science Symposium: The State of Our Knowledge, Monterey, CA.
- ^ Murphy, S. K., C. Lee, Y. Valachovic, J. Bienapfl, W. Mark, A. Jirka, D. R. Owen, T. Smith, and D. M. Rizzo. 2008. Monitoring Phytophthora ramorum Distribution in Streams within Coastal California Watersheds. Pages 409-411 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Third Science Symposium. USDA Forest Service, Santa Rosa, CA.
- ^ Goheen, E. M., E. M. Hansen, A. Kanaskie, M. G. McWilliams, N. Osterbauer, and W. Sutton. 2002. Eradication of Sudden Oak Death in Oregon. Phytopathology 92:S30.
- ^ Goheen, E., E. Hansen, A. Kanaskie, M. McWilliams, N. Osterbauer, W. Sutton, and L. Rehms. 2004. An Eradication Strategy for Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon Forests. Phytopathology 94:S35.
- ^ Kanaskie, A., N. Osterbauer, M. McWilliams, E. Goheen, E. Hansen, and W. Sutton. 2006. Eradication of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon Forests--Status after Three Years. Pages 489-490 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Second Science Symposium: The State of Our Knowledge. USDA Forest Service, Monterey, CA.
- ^ Swiecki, T. J. and E. A. Bernhardt. 2007. Increasing Distance from California Bay Laurel Reduces the Risk and Severity of Phytophthora ramorum Canker in Coast Live Oak. Pages 181-194 in Sudden Oak Death Third Science Symposium. USDA Forest Service, Santa Rosa, CA.
- ^ Valachovic, Y., C. Lee, J. Marshall, and H. Scanlon. 2008. Wildland Management of Phytophthora ramorum in Northern California Forests. Pages 305-312 in Sudden Oak Death Third Science Symposium. USDA Forest Service, Santa Rosa.
- ^ Kliejunas, J. T. 2007b. Chapter 5: Management and Control. Sudden Oak Death and Phytophthora ramorum: A Summary of the Literature. California Oak Mortality Task Force.
- ^ USDA APHIS. 2007. Phytophthora ramorum; Quarantine and Regulations. Pages 8585-8604 7 CFR Part 301. Federal Register, Washington, D.C.
- ^ Suslow, K. 2008. Recommended Industry Best Management Practices for the Prevention of Phytophthora ramorum Introductions in Nursery Operations. Pages 115-128 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Third Science Symposium. USDA Forest Service, Santa Rosa, CA.
- ^ HRI P. ramorum Industry Working Group. 2008. Nursery Industry Best Management Practices for Phytophthora ramorum to Prevent the Introduction or Establishment in California Nursery Operations.
- ^ Tjosvold, S. A., D. L. K. Chambers, S., and E. Fichtner. 2006. Epidemiology of Phytophthora ramorum Infecting Rhododendrons under Simulated Nursery Conditions. Pages 459-461 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium: The State of Our Knowledge. USDA Forest Service, Monterey, CA.
- ^ Werres, S., S. Wagner, T. Brand, K. Kaminski, and D. Seipp. 2007. Infectivity and Survival of Phytophthora ramorum in Recirculation Water. Plant Disease 91:1034–1044.
- ^ Ufer, T., M. Posner, H.-P. Wessels, S. Wagner, K. Kaminski, T. Brand, and S. Werres. 2008. Four Years Experience with Filtration Systems in Commercial Nurseries for Eliminating Phytophthora Species from Recirculation Water. Page 111 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Third Science Symposium. USDA Forest Service, Santa Rosa, CA.
- ^ Yakabe, L. E. and J. D. MacDonald. 2008. Soil Treatments for the Elimination of Phytophthora ramorum from Nursery Beds: Current Knowledge from the Laboratory and the Field. Pages 113-114 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Third Science Symposium. USDA Forest Service, Santa Rosa, CA.
- ^ Forestry Commission page
- ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1350843/Britains-forests-10k-acres-trees-cut-stop-pathogen.html
External links
- http://www.suddenoakdeath.org
- New Scientist news
- University of California SOD pest notes
- California Agriculture
- UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs - Phytophthora Ramorum Factsheet
- Washington State University SOD Program
- Reducing spread of SOD
- Sudden Oak Death Center for Invasive Species Research
- Species Profile- Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Sudden Oak Death.
- Plant pathogens and diseases
- Tree diseases
- Phytophthora
- Protists described in 1995
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
sudden oak death — see under ↑sudden • • • Main Entry: ↑oak sudden oak death noun A destructive disease of oak trees caused by the fungus Phytophthora ramorum • • • Main Entry: ↑sudden … Useful english dictionary
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Just like "Halloween's" Michael Myers, John Carpenter's career just couldn't stay dead – even if he nearly killed it himself.
One of the seminal genre filmmakers of the late 70s and 80s with a filmography that includes a long list of horror and sci-fi classics - including "The Fog," "Escape From New York," "The Thing," "Christine," "Starman," "Big Trouble In Little China," "They Live" and the aforementioned "Halloween" – Carpenter, 63, is back behind the camera at last after a decade-long absence with the new thriller "The Ward."
But it wasn't that Hollywood stopped calling; Carpenter quit picking up the phone.
U.S. & World
"I hadn't made a movie since 2001 ["Ghosts of Mars"] and I had to stop because, frankly, I got burned out on the movie business," the writer-director tells PopcornBiz. "I just didn't want to do it any more. In fact, I thought about quitting. I started on my road back when I did these two TV series. 'Masters of Horror.'
"It was actually fun again. I didn't have much responsibility – I just sort of showed up. It wasn't a giant shoot and I had a great time. [Then] 'The Ward' came along and everything was perfect. It was an ensemble cast in a limited location with a small budget and it was a claustrophobic feel to it. I thought, 'This is okay. This is great for my first time back really directing a feature.'"
But what was it, exactly, that nearly slid the knife into Carpenter's career ambitions?
"The movie business, dude," he says simply. "I've been doing this for forty-some-odd years, and I've been doing it back to back to back – not only sometimes writing it, but directing it and doing the music. And what you give up is your private life. You have no life. I just thought, 'I can't do this any more.' And it doesn't help that 'The Ghost of Mars' tanked like the Titanic."
With "The Ward" – a moody, macabre tale set in the minimal environs of a 1960s mental hospital where the comely patients, led by the film's star Amber Heard, are tormented by a mysterious, malevolent force – Carpenter was able to go back to his low-budget, maverick roots and get back to the business of crafting old-school scares.
He admits he didn't indulge himself with many of the film industry's technological innovations over the years he'd been on hiatus.
"We didn't have any money for new equipment and techniques," he chuckles. "We barely had any money for the makeup and hair! We had a lot of struggles on this film because it was a tiny movie. It's all about storytelling. That's all directing is about: It's not about equipment. It's not about anything else. It's telling a story."
Carpenter remains acutely aware of the visceral potency of the horror genre that his earlier films largely redefined.
"It's a genre that started when cinema was created," says Carpenter. "It's been with us in various stages of popularity ever since because everyone who is alive is afraid of the same things. We're all born afraid. We're afraid of death. We're afraid of the unknown.
"We're afraid of being hurt, disfigured. We're afraid of losing a loved one, of losing our identity. Anything that I'm afraid of, everybody is afraid of. It speaks to us.
"Comedy sometimes doesn't travel to other cultures. Horror - fear, is in every single culture. That's why it's so powerful."


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Since the old thread appears to be gone, I'm going to have to create a new one. Two names I want to mention:
Earlier this year Raymond 'Boz' Burrell, best known as bassist and vocalist for King Crimson from 1971 to 1972, and as a founding member of Bad Company, died at the age of 60 from an undisclosed illness, at his home in Spain. Boz shunned his time in Crimson in later life, and the lineup he played in was frequently derided by fans. In recent years, thanks to archival releases by KC guitarist Robert Fripp's DGM label, the '71-'72 lineup has been thoroughly rehabilitated as an excellent live outfit. Whether Burrell derived any pleasure therefrom is unknown, but either way 60 is far too young to die.
The other name I want to mention is certainly a bit more earth-shaking, and that is the passing of James Brown at the age of 73 on Monday after being admitted to a hospital after suffering from pneumonia. It says something about longevity in Western nations now that I find even 73 a bit young to die, as Brown otherwise seemed to be going strong. Perhaps it is the news of Chuck Berry's recent 80-th brithday celebration extravganza that leaves me shocked here, but in any case, Brown is one of the most important music makers in the history of music and was one of the few men capable of being ground-breaking and original while also being a commercial powerhouse.
'Boz' and James, RIP.


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The stat geek Bill James, who has made a fortune taking credit for having invented on-base percentage, last week revealed to the waiting world his position paper on steroids in baseball, which, essentially says that there is no harm in steroids and steroids have had no harm on baseball. ...First of all, James's article is here (pdf). It's probably best if you read it yourself. It's not James at his best, but he does raise many points for discussion. I want to focus on Madden's insults.
James is looking damn good for his age, because on-base percentage has its roots in a statistic called "Reached First Base", first used by the National League in 1879.
In The Numbers Game, Alan Schwarz outlines the genesis of the still-raging battle over which statistics are best at evaluating a player's performance. Henry Chadwick -- the man who invented the box score -- came up with what would much later be known as "Range Factor" for fielders in 1872.
In 1917, F.C. Lane -- the top writer at Baseball Magazine, sort of the Peter Gammons of the Deadball Era -- understood the value of simply getting on base, whether by a hit or a walk. He knew instinctively that a guy who batted .300 with no walks was far less productive than a guy who hit .260 with a ton of walks. Many players of the time, including Johnny Evers, agreed.
In the late 1940s, Branch Rickey hired statistician Allan Roth (Canadian!) to compute the Dodgers' batting averages in every ball-strike count, splits against left- and right-handed pitchers, spray charts for batters, bunting success rates, and pitch counts.
It's common sense: when a batter steps into the box, he has one goal. Not to make an out. Which means getting on base. Yet it is cement-heads like Madden who have, down through the decades, resisted the use of common sense in baseball.
I can only suppose James also agrees with Carl Everett that dinosaurs never existed and men never walked on the moon.Madden here adopts the favourite debating tactic of nine-year-olds. (It's also amusing that Madden brings up dinosaurs while remaining ignorant of statistics that have been around the game for almost 140 years.)
Instead of discussing James's points with intelligence like an adult, Madden simply says that because James believes something that Madden thinks is nutty, then it follows that James must believe all sorts of silly things. Case closed. And as everyone knows, the average American is highly adverse to ever taking a pill of any kind to address a problem he or she might have. P.S. Baseball players have been taking certain kinds of "good" steroids -- like cortisone -- for decades.
Then again, didn't he just tell us a couple of years ago that teams would be more successful bringing their closers into the game in the seventh inningNo. He did not. And Madden should (and probably does) know this. Why he is pretending to look like an idiot before a national audience, I could not tell you.
It is not a stretch to say that Bill James has been the most important/influential person in baseball over the last thirty years. Madden, as one of the game's most veteran sportswriters, should make it his business to understand James's theories.
What James has always said -- and what anyone not already schooled/brainwashed in the "traditional" way of thinking about baseball would regard as common sense -- is that a manager should use his best available pitcher in the situation where he feels the game is most on the line.
That pivotal moment might come in the seventh inning, or the eighth inning, or the ninth inning. It probably would not occur in the sixth or earlier since his team would presumably have enough at-bats to potentially mount a comeback, if necessary.
Madden and other sportswriters understand this concept from other angles. We often hear that, in a pinch, a pitcher should go with his best stuff and not risk getting beat on his 3rd-best pitch. James's proposal is exactly the same. Why bring in your 4th-best relief pitcher at the most important part of the game while your top or #2 reliever sits in the pen? Why save "the closer" for the ninth inning, at which point the game may have been lost an inning or two ago?
and that bullpens-by-committee were the way to go?You're getting warmer. The "committee" idea is not, as one former Red Sox manager seemed to believe, akin to pulling names out of a hat and putting whoever was picked into the game. It's simply another way of saying "use your best available pitcher in the tightest spot".
For example, if the Red Sox are up 2-1 and the Yankees have two men on and no outs in the eighth inning of a critical game, the best move for Terry Francona may be to bring in Jonathan Papelbon to try to keep the Yankees from tying the game or taking a lead. Then, in the ninth with no one on base, another pitcher -- Tito's 2nd-best arm -- could get the final three outs.
Of course, if Manny Delcarmen or Ramon Ramirez coughs up the game in the ninth, Tito likely would catch hell for not playing by "the book". But who knows? Maybe MDC would have done the same thing in the 7th or 8th, the Yankees would be up 5-3 by the ninth and Papelbon would have never taken his jacket off. ... And it's not like closers never blow games.


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First, she took on Grey Gardens, and now The New Normal star Bebe Wood is coming for Honey Boo Boo.
The NBC comedy (Tuesdays at 9:30/8:30c) is planning an homage to Here Comes Honey Boo Boo for its Halloween episode.
"Shania loves that show so they decide to go en masse as that family," co-creator and executive producer Ryan Murphy told reporters on a conference call Tuesday.
Get the scoop on The New Normal and more must-see new fall shows
The Here Comes Honey Boo Boo homage comes weeks after Wood delivered a spot-on Grey Gardens impression in the series' third episode. "The one thing that I've been absolutely shocked by is how many people have stopped me or written me about the Grey Gardens stuff we did," Murphy said. "Bebe is such an eccentric exotic child and she was doing that imitation while we were shooting the pilot so of course I had to take that and run with it."
Murphy estimated that the Halloween episode will feature approximately 15 costume changes, including Jane (Ellen Barkin) dressed as Bewitched's Endora. The episode will take a serious turn as well, when David (Justin Bartha) must confront gay male stereotypes. "Like if a gay guy is drawn to anything fashion or feminine, why is that considered a stereotype? Why is that considered controversial?" Murphy said. "One of David's doctor friends has a 5-year-old son who is sort of a gender-bender. He has long hair and also loves to play with toy soldiers, and his son announces that he wants to go as a pink fairy for Halloween which throws his father into a state."
The New Normal's Georgia King on the controversy, Ellen Barkin and accents
So what else is coming up on The New Normal? Murphy offered five more teases for what's ahead:
Get ready to Sing! Murphy said the show will dive deeper into Bryan's series, Sing, including an send-up of one of the stars of Glee in the Halloween episode. "Bryan has a very lengthy moment with the actress Clea on Sing, which is very clearly Lea Michele," he said. "She gets a kick out of it. It's all done in a very sort of loving, sweet way." Like Murphy, Bryan has a few other shows viewers will get a glimpse at as well. "One of the fun things for me ... is the ability that I have with this show to send myself up which I've quite enjoyed and the writers have quite enjoyed," he said. "We will be exploring that world of sing and Bryan's other shows."
Who's That Girl?: Murphy said he has been talking to Marlo Thomas about guest-starring on the show, possibly around Episode 10. "I want her to play the opposite of what she's always played in her career and she loves that idea," he said. "I want her to be Ellen Barkin's mentor and I want her to sort of run this real estate agency."
A New Normal wedding! An upcoming wedding will address gay marriage, but not in the way you might expect. "Shania gets proposed to on her playground. She goes through a pretend wedding, which ignites Andrew Rannells' character into planning this huge pretend child-like extravaganza largely because he cannot throw one of his own," he said.
Exclusive: The New Normal casts One Life to Live vet as Justin Bartha's TV mom
Meet the parents: Viewers will soon meet David's mother, played by comic Jackie Hoffman, but the show is still casting for Bryan's mama. "That's obviously a personal thing because I have to cast my own mother," Murphy said. "Andrew and I have talked a little bit about who that should be."
Leap of faith: Murphy said an upcoming episode will tackle the question about gay people and spirituality, when Bryan and David ask their old friends, a lesbian couple played by Constance Zimmer and Leisha Hailey, to be their baby's godparents. "They're this wonderful couple who have been together for a really long time and they are struggling to have a baby. They're dealing with infertility issues, which strikes so many couples," he said. "I thought it would be interesting to follow a couple as they move through that process."
The New Normal airs Tuesdays at 9:30/8:30c on NBC.


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Saturday, May 8, 2010
Piazza Wants to Go as a Met
Shocking news coming out of The NY Times this morning. If the Hall of Fame calls, Mike Piazza wants to go in as a New York Met. {linked here}
No Kidding?
"The bulk of my career was with the Mets," he said, "and after going through the trade, then the drama of 9/11. I'll never forget my Dodger days. But my time with the Mets is what I'll remember most about my career."
Who can blame him? The way the Dodgers treated him, I wouldn't blame Piazza if he never sets a foot inside Dodger Stadium.
I will always remember the day he got traded. I was mad, sad, shocked. Just didn't know how to feel.
I will never forget 1997 - .362 40 HR 124 RBI's
7 comments:
- Jesse said...
This saddens me.
- May 8, 2010 at 3:41 PM
- Mr. Carter said...
Sucks. But you're right Roberto. Not a surprise. Damn Fox!
McCourt better not do this to Andre Ethier or Matt Kemp.
- May 8, 2010 at 3:59 PM
- thegreatpiazza said...
Piazza is the greatest hitting catcher in the history of this game. I cried. I was 11 years old. I cried for weeks. Didn't understand the biz side. Fox were bad owners. McCourt is going that route. They trade someone big like Matt Kemp, I'M DONE WITH THIS TEAM! NO JOKE.
- May 8, 2010 at 4:11 PM
- joeyswit said...
Good call Roberto...
- May 8, 2010 at 9:11 PM
I dont think he has ever set foot in the Stadium after his playing days were done. He didnt even come for any of the 50th Anniversary celebrations back in 2008. Heck even Raul Mondesi came back. I know that Piazza is upset at how he was treated his last days in LA, but honestly when does he realize that it was FOX that shipped him out? Fred Claire wasnt even the one that made the deal!! No one from those days is still around anymore. These arent the FOX Dodgers.
Cmon, Mike..let bygones be bygones and come "HOME"!!!
- May 9, 2010 at 5:54 PM
- ELBIGJIM said...
he spent 8 years in NY... why wouldnt he go as a MET? He was NL champ with the METs, played in a WOrld Series with the METS... I was a big PIAZZA Fan when I lived in LA... I went to the game the day he was announced he was traded. But he made more history with the METs in my opinion.
- May 10, 2010 at 7:21 AM
- Unknown said...
this is so sad I cant believe him!! he musy still have a nitter taste with the Dodger n what management did to him
- May 11, 2010 at 8:53 PM


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Exploring Diversity : A Video Case Approach
- Edition: 1st
- Format: Paperback
- Copyright: 12/30/2003
- Publisher: Pearson
Note: Not guaranteed to come with supplemental materials (access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.)
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This interactive CD-ROM and accompanying activity guide provides immediate access to powerful, living, classroom examples of culturally responsive teaching. The CD contains four video clips, grouped by topic (One Teacher's Influence and Majority Culture) and classroom (2nd grade literacy and 7th grade science). The activity guide provides discussion of various concepts, including culturally responsive teaching, instructional planning, classroom climate, and how to engage families; and it offers activities and questions that guide students toward understanding, analyzing, and synthesizing the video cases. The CD and guide work together as a field experience for students, where they can view quality examples of culturally responsive teaching in a classroom setting.
What Is Culturally Responsive Teaching?
Culturally responsive teaching celebrates each student as part of the learning community and recognizes the role that students' real-life experiences and cultural traditions can play in the classroom. Culturally responsive teaching recognizes that students bring with them knowledge and experiences that are essential to their construction of concepts in the classroom. It reflects the knowledge, skills, and dispositions of the INTASC (Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium, 1992) Standards. Culturally responsive teaching recognizes that each individual's beliefs about teaching and learning have a significant impact on his or her interactions in the classroom.
Organization of the Text
This guide includes detailed instructions on how to install the CD-ROM, and how to navigate through the CD's template. It also provides contextual information and performance assessment to effectively observe and understand each video case. This contextual information will help draw meaning from these observations.
The guide is organized into three parts. Part I, Understanding Culturally Responsive Teaching, contains four chapters.
Chapter 1 responds to the question, "What is culturally responsive instruction?" In this chapter, culturally responsive instruction is defined, and each of its elements is discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on three principles of culturally responsive instruction: (a) utilizing cultural themes, (b) cooperative learning, and (c) creating a vision for celebrating diversity.
Chapter 2 describes differentiated learning as a primary strategy for putting culturally responsive instruction in action.
Chapter 3 describes aspects of classroom climate and structures for management. Cooperative learning and recognizing the role of multiple intelligences in managing classrooms are discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of functional behavioral assessment of specific behavioral concerns.
Chapter 4 presents research related to families from various culturally groups and issues related to cultural competence in family engagement.
Part II of this guide describes each of the video cases and gives a brief introduction for each case. This is followed by a description of the cases' key elements. Each chapter concludes with discussion questions (suggested responses presented at the end of the guide) and open-ended questions for consideration.
Part III presents the following resources: performance assessments and scoring rubrics, acknowledgements, sample responses to case questions, and a list of references.
The CD-ROM Video Cases
Four cases, each presenting a unique aspect of culturally responsive instruction, are included on the CD-ROM. These cases address primary grades, middle school, and secondary school. They also discuss cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and socioeconomic diversity.
In the first case, Janice Glaspie and Darwin Henderson are working with literate, inner city, African American children. In this classroom every child is challenged, feels safe, and experiences the joy of learning. Though well-meaning individuals may emphasize the need for direct instruction with young children in inner urban settings, they demonstrate the use of literature to enhance literacy learning. As Ms. Glaspie contends, these children are literate.
At first glance, the second video case appears to present a homogeneous classroom. The socioeconomic diversity and developmental needs of these middle school students, however, have a significant effect on the interactions in the classroom. In this science classroom, Cathy Burton works with students to make connections to other content areas, as well as worldwide issues using poster projects and presentations.
In the third case, a secondary school teacher, Ms. Joy Lohrer, saw a need for diversity in the school. Rather than impose structure, she turned to the students for ideas and suggestions. Ms. Lohrer initially provided the specific agenda of the tolerance training videos and then generated a list of student-desired activities. This educator made a commitment to meet each Thursday. Her goal was to listen to students. In this video case, Ms. Lohrer provides an example of "what one teacher can do."
In the final case, Guy Jones, Hunkpapa Lakota and a full-blood member of the Standing Rock Sioux Nation, discusses assumptions that may have an impact on the self-concept of young children. In this conversation with his colleague, Sally Moomaw, they illustrate how classroom practicessome of which are imbedded in our own experiences as students and teachersare laid bare in view of another culture.
For a better understanding of the video cases and to gain insight into the concepts and practice of culturally relevant teaching, several supports are provided in this booklet. Each section begins with the Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC) Standards Principles, Content, Knowledge, and Dispositions that are addressed in each video case. The guide's features also include:
- Reflection questions to help consider the material provided.
- Key points of each case, followed by questions.
- Sample responses to the discussion questions.
- List of references for further reading.
- Performance assessment activities that provide evidence for the indicated Principles of the Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium.


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Crispin Glover
"People often say things about you which are not really... based in reality. Would you please stop looking at me?"
Crispin Hellion Glover is a director, a writer, a musician, but mostly an actor. Just because he is an actor that does not mean we should assume he has anything in common with the characters he portrays. It would also be foolish to assume that the man we think is Crispin Glover is in fact, Crispin Glover. He could be anyone. You, me, Mr. Farr. I don't really like to confirm or deny anything. One thing is for sure though, Crispin Glover is a really fucking weird guy.
Early Life[edit]
Crispin Hellion Glover attended the Merman School for the Incredibly Clever. It was there that he truly became the thing we know today. At Mermin he learned to use big words like 'lachrymose' and 'symbolism', and he was instructed in the art of rat catching; but most importantly, he was taught how to part his hair exactly down the centre. If the part were to be even slighty off centre it would be bad. Oh so very very bad.
Isn't He George McFly?[edit]
Yes and no. Mostly no. George McFly is in fact a fictional creation. Though Crispin Glover is alleged to have portrayed him in the popular 1980's film Back to the Future, Mr. Glover is in fact a totally different person. George McFly's internal psyche is not necessarily based upon Mr. Glovers, if in fact that is in fact who played him.
Acting Career; Part one in which Crispin is unusual[edit]
The common belief is that Crispin Glover acted in several television commercials, sitcoms, and a film where he dressed up as Olivia Newton-John before getting his big break in Back to the Future. He turned over roles in the sequels to a Crisin Glover clone constructed by the good people at Warner Brothers. He then went on to star as a maladjusted teen in River's Edge, a maladjusted scientist in Twister, and a hungry cousin in Wild at Heart. But during this time something crazy happened. Or did it? Probably. Let's discuss.
David Letterman Assasination Attempt[edit]
On the night of July 28th 1987 a stylishly dressed young man announced as Crispin Glover went on the the popular
television program Late Night with David Letterman. The man spoke about the pressures of fame and it's impact on Crispin Glover. He then went bat fuck insane and tried to kill David Letterman. Before Letterman could call for help the man had delivered a kick powerful enough to shatter the skull of the average water buffalo, luckily for Letterman his cranium was made of stronger stuff. The man was taken off the show and once again the land of late night was saved by Letterman's thick skull.
Who was this madman of mystery? Was it Crispin Glover? Was it Jeff Bookman? Was it Crispin Glover tripping balls? Was it someone else entirely? Did it even happen? When last questioned about this incident Mr. Glover replied that he "didn't like to confirm or deny anything", and neither do I.
Cripin Glover has also created several books. The most popular of these is entitled "Rat Catching" and it is really not very popular at all. Oh well.
In 1989 Crispin Glover released his first and only album. It was called "The Big Problem Does Not Equal The Solution (The Solution Equals More Words Which Lead On And On But Really Tell You Nothing About The Big Problem Which Does Not Equal The Solution But In Fact Probably Equals Global Warming Or Something)". It was an instant success. The lead single, "Clowny Clown Clown", became the most popular song about metaphorical clowns ever released. But the live fast, die bloated lifestyle of a pop star did not appeal to Crispin Glover so he returned to his first love: making weird ass artsy shit.
What Is It?[edit]
It is the adventures of a young man whose principle interests are snails and using Freudian imagery to confuse and offend everyone. It is Crispin Hellion Glover's directorial debut. The film was financed, written, produced, directed, edited, casted, filmed by Crispin Glover. Crispin Glover also starred as "Dueling Demi-God Auteur and The young man's inner psyche", his co-star was credited as "Snail". The action figures sold like mad.
Acting Career; Part two in which Crispin is in it for the money[edit]
In order to finance his films Crispin Glover slightly altered the process by which he selected his roles. Rather than base his decisions on script, director, or plot he based them on salary. This new strategy worked exceedingly well. He secured roles in Bartleby, in which he played a maladjusted clerk; Crime and Punishment, in which he played a maladjusted Russian; Simon Says, in which he played a maladjusted redneck; Epic Movie, in which he played a maladjusted chocolatier, and many more.
With the money he got from the two Charlie's Angels movies (in which he played a maladjusted thin man) Crispin was able to finance another film, buy a new house, some suits, hair gel, sunscreen, soap, and half of the Czech Republic. For some reason Crispin's new method really turned on a lot of directors and Crispin was offered bigger and better parts. Perhaps his biggest role to date was in 2003's Willard, in which he played a maladjusted rat trainer.
He is also set to star in Beowulf as Grendel, a maladjusted oldest villain in the English language. His most recent starring role was in 2010's Alice In Wonderland, directed by Tim Burton, as Stayne, a maladjusted Knave of Hearts.


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Busy? Don't give me that!
When you ask someone, "How have you been?" and they say, "Busy," it doesn't mean anything. I'm sick of it. We all have the same 24 hours to fill. Everyone's are filled with something.
The difference is that the "busy" people feel frenetic during those hours. Those of you who walk around telling everyone how busy you are, get a grip. Make some tough choices, and calm down. There's a big difference between a busy day and a full day. The former is so frantic that you aren't effective. Don't tell me you can't help it. You can. Here are the steps:
1. Recognize that a frenetic life is a life half lived. You should aim for "Flow," a concept from Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Flow is a unique state of mind where productivity and creativity are at their highest. In his wide-ranging study, Csikszentmihalyi shows that Flow generates the grand ideas, phenomenal work, and intense, rewarding experiences that people identify with happiness.
Flow occurs when you are fully present and engaged in what you're doing; the concept of time melts away in a commitment to the goal-oriented activity. This feeling requires being occupied and engaged for uninterrupted chunks of your day without ever once thinking that you're rushed for time. People who are busy do not get this feeling.
2. Recognize that you are addicted to busy. You like what busy does for you. Busy gives you an excuse for poor performance. Busy gives you a way to ignore parts of your life that are falling apart and need attention. And when what you do makes you feel inadequate– for example, if you're a volunteer, taking care of a parent, meditating, or doing other things that are not valued by society–- busy gives you something to say that society does value.
Many people mistakenly think that busy means important. But busy really means out of control. A full day means planned and prioritized. A busy day means frenetic and unorganized. Full is fine. It is expected. But important people have full days, not busy days, because important people can't afford to be out of control.
3. Prioritize. This does not mean making a to-do list. Nor does it mean making a list of career goals. You need to list what you want in life. It should be a short list, because life is short. Don't make a list of dreams; you need to give up your dreams. Not all, but most.
This is because being an adult means making choices. It means admitting that we cannot do everything, and choosing to devote the time we have to what's most important. By not making choices, you aren't facing the realities of adulthood. By scheduling your days with more things than you can accomplish, you're not taking control of your life. You're letting chance take control. Chance will dictate what gets done because you refuse to prioritize.
4. Say no. Whenever someone asks you to do something, be ready to say no. Your priorities at work, home, and during your personal and networking time should be clear.
Do not worry that you'll hurt someone's feelings by saying no. To do something well, you must be focused. That takes self-discipline. But when you say yes to please someone, it shows you lack the self discipline to be truly focused. Saying no is a gift to the people and projects that are the priorities in your life.
You do not automatically have to say yes to everything you're asked to do at work either. Your boss establishes your priorities. If she then gives you work that would compromise those priorities, you can refuse (with an explanation). Sticking to the plan will makes you look smart and committed.
5. Change how you talk. Don't ever say again that you're busy. Say you can't bear to give up your dreams, or say over scheduling yourself veils your fear of underperformance. You need to say something more honest than busy if you want to connect with people, including yourself.
When you have done the first four steps, you will no longer be busy. You will have room to be focused and enthralled. Then, when someone says, "How have you been?" you will have something more interesting and engaging to say than "busy."


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Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin accused the Democratic ticket of flying "the white flag of surrender" in Iraq, seeking to drive a wedge Thursday night between Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama and his running mate, Joe Biden.
Facing voters for the first time in an unscripted setting in the only vice presidential debate, Palin, the governor of Alaska, recalled that during the Democratic primary campaign, Biden criticized Obama for voting against a bill that would have boosted funding for U.S. troops.
Biden, a senator from Delaware, claimed that the Republican presidential nominee, Sen. John McCain of Arizona, also voted against the troop funding bill because it included a timetable to withdraw U.S. troops. He said he had no differences with Obama on the war.
Both candidates stumbled on some of their facts. McCain, in fact, did not vote on the bill, while Palin did not mention that Obama has supported all but that one Iraq funding measure.
Biden, who was under pressure not to seem patronizing or dismissive of his opponent, did not respond to two sharp attacks from Palin on Iraq.
First she criticized him for supporting Obama's position votes, "especially with your son in the National Guard."
Biden's son Beau is scheduled to fly to Iraq with his National Guard unit Friday. Palin did not mention that she also has a young son who is in Iraq with the Alaska National Guard.
And Biden remained silent when Palin accused him of flipflopping on support for the war.
"It's so obvious that I'm a Washington outsider and someone who's just not used to the ways you guys operate, because you voted for the war and then you voted against it," she said apparently referring to Biden's support for the resolution authorizing the original 2003 invasion and his later votes to place restrictions on President Bush's policies.
Palin blames regulatory failure for bank crisis
Interest was intense in the debate at Washington University in St. Louis, with people posting offers on Craigslist of $1,000 for a ticket to see whether Palin could find a way to sway voters who have doubts about her readiness for a national job. An Associated Press-Gfk poll released Wednesday found that just 25 percent of likely voters believed Palin, 44, had the right experience to be president.
Early in the debate, Palin appeared to diverge from one of McCain's long-stated policies by blaming a failure of regulatory oversight for the financial crisis gripping Wall Street.
Other political news of note
Animated Boehner: 'There's nothing complex about the Keystone Pipeline!'
House Speaker John Boehner became animated Tuesday over the proposed Keystone Pipeline, castigating the Obama administration for not having approved the project yet.
- Budget deficits shrinking but set to grow after 2015
- Senate readies another volley on unemployment aid
- Obama faces Syria standstill
- Fluke files to run in California
- Animated Boehner: 'There's nothing complex about the Keystone Pipeline!'
"The federal government has not provided the sound oversight" needed to protect individual investors and small business owners, Palin said.
Last month, as debate grew on legislation to bail out collapsing investment banks, McCain said he still supported the 1999 law that deregulated relations between investment banks and commercial banks.
In his answer on the financial collapse, Biden — who also voted for the 1999 bill — blamed "the economic policies of the last eight years," calling them "the worst economic policies we've ever had."
Recalling McCain's statement that U.S. economic fundamentals were strong, Biden added: "It does point out he's out of touch."
Palin looks to reverse perceptions
McCain's campaign had kept Palin on a very short leash, limiting her exposure to questions from reporters. But Palin was direct, crisp and assured, swiftly turning moderator Gwen Ifill's questions to the topic she wanted to address and directing her answers to the television cameras.
"I want to talk about energy," she said at one point, deftly diverting the discussion from tax policy.
Palin blamed Obama for voting for the 2005 energy bill, which included large tax breaks for oil exploration. Palin, who was a member of Alaska's oil and energy regulatory board at the time, complained that she had to deal with the fallout.
Asserting that Obama was now campaigning against the oil companies, she said, "The nice thing of running with John McCain is he doesn't tell one group one thing and tell another group another thing."
Biden countered that Obama voted against the tax breaks. Once they were added to the bill anyway, he backed the overall legislation because of its funding for alternative energy technologies.
Biden warned to be ready for Palin
For Biden, 65, a six-term veteran of the Senate, the challenge was not to appear patronizing to his much less experienced opponent, campaign aides said. Biden also has been known to misspeak, including recently when he mangled history during an interview.
"I know there will be a 'gaffe watch' tonight," said David Plouffe, Obama's campaign manager.
Biden rarely addressed Palin, directing his answers to Ifill. Linda Douglass, a senior adviser to the Obama campaign, said Biden had no intention of competing with Palin on charm.
"He's going to be focused on voters tonight," Douglass said in an interview on MSNBC's "Hardball." "This is going to be an opportunity for him to explain to voters ... which of these tickets is going to do something for their lives."
Biden chose not to point out that Palin botched the name of the commanding U.S. general in Afghanistan, David McKiernan — Palin called him "McClellan" at least twice. And he chose not to criticize Palin's contention that her two years of experience as governor of Alaska meant she was better qualified for national office than Obama.
Instead, Biden stuffed his answers with facts and figures, implicitly drawing attention to what Democrats see as his command of the issues.
For example, explaining why he believed global warming was a manmade phenomenon, Biden said:
"Now, let's look at the facts. We have 3 percent of the world's oil reserves. We consume 25 percent of the oil in the world. John McCain has voted 20 times in the last decade and a half against funding alternative energy sources, clean energy sources, wind, solar, biofuels. ... China is building one to three new coal-fired plants burning dirty coal per week."
Clash over role of vice president
Biden did, however, jump on one answer by Palin, who was asked about Vice President Dick Cheney's contention that the vice president was a "free agent" unfettered by laws governing either the legislative or executive branches.
Palin did not reply directly, saying instead that the Constitution was "flexible," allowing a McCain-Palin administration to "do whatever we have to do to administer very appropriately the plans for this nation."
Biden responded heatedly that "the Constitution is very clear." Under Article I, the vice president is part of the executive branch, he said.
Both sides quickly claimed victory — Palin staffers were arguing for their candidate even before the debate was over.
Jill Hazelbaker, McCain's communications director, claimed that Palin had put Biden "on defense on energy, foreign policy, taxes and the definition of change."
"Governor Palin proved beyond any doubt that she is ready to lead as vice president of the United States," Hazelbaker said.
Plouffe, Obama's campaign manager, said Biden "won a clear victory" by making "a passionate case for change from the disastrous economic and foreign policies of the last eight years."
"Joe Biden spoke clearly and strongly about Barack Obama's plan for a tax cut for the middle class, health care that is affordable, and an end to the war in Iraq," Plouffe said.
Carrie Dann, Courtney Kube, Domenico Montanaro, Mark Murray and Andrea Mitchell of NBC News contributed to this report.
© 2013 msnbc.com


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Arthur Henderson Accused In Ross Township, Hopewell Township
Three women are testifying at a preliminary hearing for Arthur Henderson, who is accused of sexually assaulting and raping them at their homes in Ross and Hopewell townships.
One woman testified that she was walking her dogs at the Woodhawk Club apartment complex on the morning of Jan. 7 when she and a man wearing a mask passed each other on the sidewalk, and she said "good morning" as her dogs jumped on him, but he never responded.
A few minutes later, according to the testimony, she saw the same man in the stairwell as she returned to her building, and her dogs jumped on him again and she apologized. The woman said she then walked inside her apartment and tried to shut the door, but a hand came through with a gun that was pointed at her, so she backed up as the masked man walked in.
The woman said, "I backed up and asked, 'What do you want?,' " and she said the masked man made her take all her clothes off and asked for credit and debit cards and personal identification numbers. Later, he fondled her on two occasions while she was naked and also tied her up with duct tape on her mouth, ankles and hands, behind her back, she said.
Another woman testified that she returned to her Hopewell Township townhouse at 7:45 a.m. that same day and found her door unlocked. She said she went to her bedroom and heard noises downstairs, thinking it was one of her teenage sons, but saw a masked man pointing a gun and gesturing with his finger to be quiet. She said he went to her bedroom and demanded money.
"I was shocked," the woman testified. "I said, 'Oh my God.' I had my hands up and reached up. He said, 'I know you got money.' "
The woman said she only had $10 cash, which the man took before making her remove her clothes and raping her. She said he never took off his mask.
A third woman also took the witness stand on Friday. Ross police say she was sexually assaulted on the morning of Jan. 9 at her home in The Cascades, a townhouse and apartment complex.
The woman testified that she was raped in the same room where her 4-month-old child was in a crib. Her fiancé was also home at the time, she said.
The woman said the man told her, "Take your clothes off and get on my stomach."
She said he duct-taped her hands and fondled her.
She testified that when she said, "Please, don't do this,' he told her, "If you don't be quiet, I'll kill your fiancé."
Henderson is being held without bail. He claims innocence, but police say they have DNA evidence linking him to all three cases.
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February 10, 1931 - November 28, 2012
Newburgh, NY
Mary Jane Flannery, of Newburgh, entered into rest Wednesday, November 28, 2012, at home, surrounded by her family. She was 81.
The daughter of the late John Francis and Emma Grace Colburn Beers, Mary Jane was born February 10, 1931 in Newburgh, NY.,
Mary Jane was a member of St. Mary's Church in Newburgh, and a longtime employee of Mt. St. Mary's College in the registrar's office.
Mary Jane is survived by her loving husband of 61 years, John G. Flannery; children: Michael Flannery, J. Dennis Flannery and his wife, Robyn and Jerome Flannery, daughters, Patricia Shubert and Karen Ward and her husband, Brian; sister, Donna Quick; grandchildren: Meghan, M. Patrick, Kevin, Denna, James and Gillian Flannery and Colin Ward; great-grandchildren: Gia, Kassidy, Brayden and Kateri. She was predeceased by her sons, Mark Flannery and Timothy Flannery.
Visitation to which family and friends are invited will be held Monday, December 3, 2012 from 3 to 7 p.m. at White & Venuto Funeral Home, 188 North Plank Rd. (Rt. 32), Newburgh, NY. A Funeral Mass will be celebrated at 10 a.m., Tuesday, December 4, at St. Mary's Church, 180 South St., Newburgh, NY, with Father William Scafidi officiating. Cremation will follow the Mass at Cedar Hill Crematory.
In lieu of flowers, kindly make donations in Mary Jane's memory to St. Mary's Church, 180 South St., Newburgh, NY 12550.
Funeral arrangements under the direction of White & Venuto Funeral Home, 845-562-6550. For directions and condolences, please visit www.WhiteandVenutoFuneralHome.com


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