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Taking up the Cross
by Gordon Yumibe
"And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me." (Luke 9:23)
" In the beginning He was the Son—made the Son—those of the Sons that went astray; and though the varying activities overcame the world through the experiences, bearing the cross in each and every experience, reaching the final cross with all power, all knowledge in having overcome the world, and of Himself accepted the Cross…" (Edgar Cayce Reading 262-36)
"…the cross becomes a symbol of that which must be borne and overcome in every life… So, in bearing our crosses we overcome those conditions that would hinder us in meeting the issues of life." (Excerpt from Chapter X of A Search for God, Book I, "The Cross and the Crown")
These two Readings by Edgar Cayce have become the central focus of my life. I picked up my cross many years ago and learned the lessons I needed to expand my life in a way that has brought the joy, knowledge, and power that was promised. It seems unimaginable, but I think we can all learn to articulate and expand our world to encompass the entire universe. It can all begin by picking up one's cross. It can be borne. It will remain as our cross until there is nothing left but Love and Light. Hold up your cross so that others, too, will see the Wisdom of your Ways. Your consciousness will be freed to expand and grow to what was once considered unimaginable heights.
I've been reluctant to reveal too much of myself before in my writings but with some encouragement I decided to explain some of the details that have helped shape my understanding of what I am writing about. Sometime, several years ago while at Virginia Beach, I attended an impromptu sunrise service on Easter morning during which I became illuminated with light. It has taken me years since to understand what had happened. Though I still feel like a newborn, I have been able to find other seekers who shared similar experiences through readings and study courses. I am now in touch with the Son and the Father through the Holy Spirit. That is part of what I have come to understand.
Cayce's readings are an accurate description of what he calls the Creative force. I am in no way anything more than I ever was. I am still a gardener who needs to earn his daily bread and I make no assumptions about who I am. I am also becoming more of a teacher/healer. I send my light and love out into this world to anyone who may need it. I am responding to what I see as a need in my fellow brothers and sisters. I am hoping we can all become reconnected to our source of love, life, and spirit. There are no shortcuts and the way forward is difficult at best. The lessons need to be deeply embedded in our hearts and minds before they can become a permanent part of our collective Soul and Wisdom. The Christ Consciousness is also part of this collective dream we are having. I've seen it as another tangible state of awareness. It will continue to grow and expand here as we learn to share it with others. It is all a part of our Divine heritage and Divine purpose. Pick up your cross. I felt my own heart chakra open up and become illuminated last night while I was still dreaming this dream.
Verily, verily, I say unto you, he who believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater works than these shall he do, because I go unto my Father. (John 14:12 KJV)
Gordon Yumibe is a lifelong seeker with an interest in Jungian, Gnostic, and Edgar Cayce material. While he is a professional gardener by trade, he also has a psychology degree. In 2009, he received a Spiritual Mentoring Certificate from Atlantic University. You can find Gordon on Facebook.


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Career Facts
What They Do
A career in Computer Information Technologies can take many directions.
Computer Support Specialist fixes computers and helps people learn to use them. These specialists are software experts and are always learning the newest software packages.
A Computer Programmer writes the software that people use in their jobs. Programmers often design this software and the user manuals with help from the people who will use it. They sometimes work in teams when there is a large project.
A Network Administrator designs and sets up computer networks for businesses, and keeps it working. The Internet is also a network and requires the skills of a Network specialist, such as a Web Master. A Web Master can also be responsible for the maintenance of a Web Server, which stores the web pages.
Who Would Enjoy It
Before you decide this is the right field for you, ask yourself these questions:
Can I read and write well?
Can I communicate well using both verbal and written communications?
Can I think logically?
Do I pay attention to detail?
Can I type?
Do I have an aptitude for math?
Am I willing to work odd hours?
Do I like to solve problems?
Answering "yes" to most of these questions is essential for a computer professional and for a successful academic career in computer information Technologies.
What They Earn
Salaries can range from $17,000 to $70,000 per year, with an average salary of $30,000 to $40,000 per year.
How Many Jobs Available
According to the US. Bureau of Labor Statistic's Occupational Outlook Handbook, employment growth rate ranges from "faster than average" to "much faster than average" for database administrators; network and computer systems administrators, and computer systems analysts.
Growth in computer support specialists is expected to be "about as fast as the average".
How Much Schooling, Training, or Skill Development
An Associate degree in the Computer Information Technologies area is the minimum level training preferred by most employers. However, depending on one's work experience, a Bachelor's degree is usually preferred.
Related Occupations
Computer Graphics and Design, Computer-Aided Drafting and Design, Computer Repair, and Electronics Technologies.

subset: commoncrawl


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Macam Macam Text
Macam Macam Text
1. Analytical Exposition Text
Definition of Analytical Exposition
Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer's idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.
Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition
1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer's position
2. Arguments: Explaining the arguments to support the writer's position
3. Reiteration: Restating the writer's position
Language Features of Analytical Exposition
- Using relational process
- Using internal conjunction
- Using causal conjunction
- Using Simple Present Tense
2. Hortatory Exposition Text
Definition of Hortatory Exposition
Hortatory exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way.
Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation
Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition
1. Focusing on the writer
2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
3. Using action verb
4. Using thinking verb
5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
8. Using passive voice
9. Using simple present tense
3. Discussion Text
Definition of Discussion
Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.
Generic Structure of Discussion
Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed
List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue
List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point
Recommendation; stating the writer' recommendation of the discourse
Language Feature of Discussion
Introducing category or generic participant
Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand, however, etc
Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc
4. Narrative Text
Definition of Narrative
Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers.
Generic Structure of Narrative
A narrative text will consists of the following structure:
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place
2. Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with
3. Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse
Language Features of Narrative
Using processes verbs
Using temporal conjunction
Using Simple Past Tense
5. Recount Text
Definition of Recount
Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative
Generic Structure of Recount
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story
Language Feature of Recount
• Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
• Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
• Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
• Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
• Using simple past tense
6. News Item Text
Definition of News Item
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic Structure of News Item
1. Main event
2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place)
3. Resource of information
Language Feature of News Item
1. Focusing on circumstances
2. Using material process
7. Report Text
Definition of Report
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis
Generic Structure of Report
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials
Language Feature of Report
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense
8. Descriptive Text
The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.
The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text has structure as below:
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.
Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.
The Language Feature of Descriptive Text
Using attributive and identifying process.
Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.
Using simple present tense.
9. Explanation Text
Definition and purposes of Explanation
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' about the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.
Generic structure of Explanation
General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
Language Feature of Explanation
Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
Using passive voice pattern
Using simple present tense
10. Procedure Text
Definition of Procedure
Procedure is a text that show a process in order. Its social function is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of series
Generic Structure of Procedure
1. Goal: showing the purpose
2. Material: Telling the needed materials
3. Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose
Language Feature of Procedure
Using temporal conjunction
Using action verb
Using imperative sentence
Using Simple Present Tense
11. Anecdote Text
Definition and Social Function of Anecdote
Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.
Generic Structure of Anecdote
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Reaction
5. Coda
Language Feature of Anecdote
1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc
2. Using imperative; listen to this
3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?
4. Using action verb; go, write, etc
5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward
6. Using simple past tense
Baca Juga :


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Kristina Young / Handout / EPA
The USS Harry S. Truman at an undisclosed location in the Atlantic Ocean in December 2012.
Published 6:30 p.m. ET: Budget constraints are prompting the U.S. Navy to cut back the number of aircraft carriers in the Persian Gulf region from two to one, the latest example of how contentious fiscal battles in Washington are impacting the U.S. military.
According to Defense Department officials, the USS Harry S. Truman, which was set to leave for the Persian Gulf region on Friday, will now remain stateside, based in Norfolk, Virginia.
Defense Secretary Leon Panetta ordered the change to the department's "two-carrier policy" in the Persian Gulf region early Wednesday.
The U.S. has steadily kept two aircraft carriers in the Persian Gulf for much of the last two years. In 2010, then-Secretary of Defense Robert Gates issued a directive to keep two in the area given the volatility of the region.
The cutback is largely a result of automatic spending cuts, known as sequestration, passed by Congress during the summer of 2011. Congress has failed to pass a budget for the fiscal year, and has instead opted on passing legislation that will keep spending at the same level as last year. But that means the Pentagon has been operating with less money and is unsure of what the future holds for its bottom line.
Under sequestration, the Navy would lose $4 billion over the next six months, the last half of fiscal year 2013. The Navy was already $4.6 billion in the hole for this year because the continuing resolution for 2013 was budgeted at 2012 rates.
Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta tells NBC's Chuck Todd if a sequester is allowed to happen it will "badly damage" the readiness of the U.S. military.
Navy officials say the Defense Department ordered members of their branch and all services to "prepare for sequestration," even though it's not yet clear the automatic budgets cuts will kick in next month.
"We cut back to one carrier in the Gulf region to save money now, or wait until sequestration and be forced to cut back to zero carriers," a senior defense official told NBC News.
It's not certain whether the Defense Department or the White House would permit a zero carrier presence in the Persian Gulf, no matter what the budget constraints, given rising tensions over Iran. The Truman would still conduct exercises off the US East Coast and would be "surge ready" in the event of an emergency or disaster.
A statement from Pentagon Press Secretary George Little assured that the United States will "maintain a robust presence" in the area, but cited the pending sequestration cuts as the reason the Navy sent Panetta the request.
"This prudent decision enables the U.S. Navy to maintain these ships to deploy on short notice in the event they are needed to respond to national security contingencies," read the statement.
Revelation of the cutbacks comes the same day as news that Panetta is recommending military pay increases be limited to one percent in 2014. Uniformed military will still get a raise, but it will be much smaller "to reflect the difficult budget decisions" facing the department, a defense official told NBC News.
At a speech Wednesday, the outgoing secretary of defense warned that the budget battles in Washington are putting America at risk.
"The Department of Defense and other agencies across government have been living under a serious shadow -- the shadow of sequestration ... Today, with another trigger for sequestration approaching on March 1st, the Department of Defense is facing the most serious readiness crisis in over a decade," he said to a crowd at Georgetown University.
"Make no mistake, if these cuts happen there will be a serious disruption in defense programs and a sharp decline in military readiness," Panetta said in his speech Wednesday.
"We have begun an all-out effort to plan for how to operate under such a scenario, but it is already clear that no good options exist."
On Tuesday, President Obama called on Congress to pass "a small package of spending cuts and tax reforms" to avoid the automated cuts set to kick in at the beginning of next month.
Republican Sens. John McCain and Kelly Ayotte – who have toured the country warning that sequestration cuts could put U.S. national defense at risk – responded on Wednesday by introducing a bill that would avoid cuts by slashing the federal workforce by 10 percent.
Additional reporting from Courtney Kube


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Design Criteria
The generator set accepts 100% rated load in one step per NFPA 110 and meets ISO 8528-5 transient response.
The 3516C diesel generator sets have been developed to meet your continuous, standby and prime applications and match your power standards. Producing reliable power from 1650 to 2500 ekW at 60 Hz, each generator set has been designed to meet ISO 8528-5 transient response requirements and accepts 100 percent rated load in one step. Depending on the model, 3516C generator sets are EPA Stationary Emergency (Tier 2) or Tier 4 Interim certified. With industry leading innovation our Tier 4 Interim models have emissions reduced up to 90 percent — it's technology that has benefits well beyond todays regulations. Seismic certification is also available for select models, maintaining power after unexpected disturbances. The integrated control system, including ATS and switchgear, ensures a consistent power supply and connection to your fleet through on-site and remote monitoring options. With an user friendly interface our EMCP 4 control panel provides flexible options putting your management and diagnostic tools in one. The EMCP 4.4 controller provides multi-generator set paralleling capability, giving you the ability to add generator sets to provide expanded capacity and generator set redundancy to match your requirements. As no two power requirements are the same we offer a broad range of accessories and bolt-on system expansion attachments. Find flexible packaging options to work with your spatial requirements and environmental conditions. Our 3516C generator sets are developed for such prerequisites, so that you can meet your specific power needs — customize them to match your requirements. For added safety select from one of the UL 2200 and CSA certified package options.
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Generator and Attachments
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Generators and Attachments
Lubrication System
Mounting System
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Special Tests / Reports
Starting and Charging System
Extended Service Coverage
The generator set accepts 100% rated load in one step per NFPA 110 and meets ISO 8528-5 transient response.
The EMCP controller features the reliability and durability you have come to expect from your Cat equipment. EMCP4 is a scalable control platform designed to ensure reliable generator set operation, providing extensive information about power output and engine operation. EMCP4 systems can be further customized to meet your needs through programming and expansion modules.
Fully prototype tested with certified torsional vibration analysis available
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text:
My Applications
Access all your applications in one place by adding applications to your My Applications profile.
Login to Bookmark Applications
My Properties
Access all your Properties in one place by adding a property to your My Properties profile.
All of the following documents requires Adobe Acrobat Reader to be installed on your computer. This software is free and available from the Adobe Website.
Plan and Build Help
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text:
The following frequently asked questions (FAQ) answer common queries that you might have about registration renewal. If this information does not provide you with what you are looking for, please contact our Customer Service Team on 1300 419 495.
For further information for practitioners with conditions on registration, see the related renewal fact sheet.
You are due to renew your registration with the Chinese Medicine Board of Australia (National Board) annually by 30 November.
Look out for a reminder to renew from AHPRA as confirmation that online renewal is open. You will get email reminders several times during the renewal period, so use our online services to check that AHPRA has your current contact details. Be sure to check the national register to confirm your registration details.
As a Chinese medicine practitioner in Australia, you must meet National Board registration standards when renewing your registration. These registration standards include criminal history, professional indemnity insurance, recency of practice and continuing professional development (CPD).
The National Board expects you to declare on your registration renewal application that you have met the requirements set out in the registration standards.
Before making any declarations, you must read the National Board requirements for renewal of registration, particularly regarding recency of practice, continuing professional development (CPD) and professional indemnity insurance (PII) arrangements.
Make sure you understand the National Board's requirements for registration to practise before making your declarations because you may be asked to give information in support of your application.
You will be contacted by AHPRA as you may be required to provide further information before your application for renewal is finalised. It is important that you comply with any request for further information in the specified timeframe. Under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law, as in force in each state and territory (the National Law), health practitioners remain registered for one month after their registration expiry date. If you apply to renew registration by the end of the one-month late period you remain registered to practise while your application is assessed and processed. This is so even if the work by AHPRA extends past your registration expiry date (30 November) or the end of the following one month late period. Your listing on the public register will be updated when the application process is complete.
See the fees schedule for costs of annual renewal and registration. There is an annual renewal fee for 12 months of registration. These fees have been set at a level that enables the National Board to effectively regulate your profession in Australia and meet its legal responsibilities under the National Law.
If you submit your application to renew in the one-month late period after 30 November, you will be charged a late payment fee. The fee recognises the additional costs of managing late renewals and is payable on top of the annual renewal fee.
You can choose the online option 'not to renew' or ignore future reminder notices. In order to ensure that everyone who intends to keep practising is reminded to renew, AHPRA will continue to send reminders to practitioners who:
If you do not renew your registration, you will receive a letter after the late period confirming that your registration has lapsed. Your name will be removed from the national register and you will not be able to practise your profession in Australia. If you want to resume practice in the future you will be required to lodge a new application for registration.
Renewing your registration online using your AHPRA user ID and password is quick and easy. If you experience any difficulties, please phone the Customer Service Team on 1300 419 495 and a team member will talk you through the process.
Your user ID will be included in the registration renewal reminders you will receive from AHPRA. Alternatively, you can complete an online enquiry form and select 'Online Access' as the category type. You can get a new password by entering your user ID on the reset your password page.
Yes. It is a requirement of the National Law that the suburb and postcode of your principal place of practice is published on the national register. A form is available if you believe that publishing information about you on the public register would pose a serious risk to your health or safety in the practise of your profession. The National Board will consider each application individually.
Yes, when renewing online you can also participate in a Health Workforce Australia survey. Your survey responses will help inform workforce planning and provide a comprehensive profile of Australia's current regulated workforce.
Please check that your details on the national register are correct and use the secure online services to make sure AHPRA has your current contact information, including email and mobile. Please ensure that AHPRA has your most up to date contact details so you can receive renewal reminders.
Once your application is processed, your details will be updated on the national register. About one month later, AHPRA will send you a receipt, an A5 size certificate and a pop out wallet-sized card. There is also an online service so you can print out a current copy of your registration certificate should an employer need it before the A5 size hard copy certificate arrives.
You have a one-month late period after the registration expiry date during which you can apply to renew (by 31 December), under the National Law.
If AHPRA receives your application before the end of the one-month late period, you will remain registered and be able to practise within the scope of your registration. Your listing on the national register will be updated when processing of your application is complete.
If AHPRA receives your application during the one-month late period, you will incur a late payment fee. This applies to all registrants who do not renew by the annual registration expiry date (30 November) and apply in December.
Your registration will lapse if you do not renew within one month of your registration expiry date. Your name will be removed from the national register under the National Law and you will not be able to practise.
If you wish to keep practising you must submit a fast track application for registration. Fast track application forms will be available on the National Board website or by phoning the Customer Service Team on 1300 419 495 during January.
If submitting a fast track application, you cannot practise until your application is processed and your registration details are updated on the national register.
Yes. A fast track application fee is payable in addition to the annual renewal fee. You must submit your application in the four weeks after your registration lapses if you wish to keep practising.


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Bombala (N.S.W.) Tuesday.- For many years past this portion of Monaro has been credited with being the possessor of a hairy man. Bushmen at various times have reported that they had seen an immense ape-like animal, but it had always managed to escape them. This afternoon word came through from Mr Sydney Jephcott, owner of Creewah Station, 20 miles from Bombala, that in the thick bush on his property yesterday he discovered tracks of an apparently immense animal. The tracks were like those of a human foot, but measured 18in in length and 8 in. across. Mr Jephcott ordered a quantity of plaster of Paris to be sent out from Bombala for the purpose of taking impressions.
Word was also received to-day that a man named Summerell, while shooting in the bush yesterday, came across an immense object resembling a man. On Summerell approaching,however, the creature picked up a stick and emitted a growling noise, and disappeared. Portions of Creewah are very rough and scrubby giving the mysterious animal excellent opportunities for hiding .(1)
1. Argus June 16th 1912.
If anyone has back issues of the ISC Newsletter or the ISC journal Cryptozoology they are prepared to see please can they contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com Thanks.
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text:
You keep the lily in a delicate glass jar on your desk.
I think you are afraid to touch it, because I have been watching you for seventeen years, and I have also been watching it gather dust. The petals dance gracefully under the water's surface, folding and unfolding with the tide every time you accidentally bump your desk as you move about your tiny, ingredient-filled office. They have retained their pale pink coloring, but they look so fragile, like they might break at any moment. I wonder if you think of me in this way.
Sometimes I wish I could just put it out of its misery.
I imagine myself pushing it off the desk, standing tall among the shattered glass and spilled liquid and giving you a rather large piece of my mind. See? See, Severus? Nothing ever stays. Yes, that's what I'd say to you. You would stare at me in horror, able to craft a potion from memory but unwilling to accept the thought of your precious flower telling you to let her go.
I don't. I can't. The way you glance up from your work in the midst of grading and check to ensure that the petals are still intact is too precious, and instead I remain mesmerized by the thought that just once, you might look up and soften your face, or maybe even shed a tear for me.
You've cried already. I've seen that memory, too. See, Severus? I'm imperfect. Selfish.
It returns now, because this is why I hate you. It's why I chose James. You bring out my worst.
The door opens unexpectedly, and you stand immediately, nearly knocking the jar to the floor. Minerva is standing there, looking at you in that uncertain, faintly pitiful way she always does.
"Severus, Albus has asked to see you. He's in his office."
You nod sharply, screaming at her to leave you alone without saying anything. I almost smile, knowing that you welcome almost any distraction from grading, and watch you stand up. But you're all business, just as you've always been. You cross the room slowly, and I wonder what Dumbledore wants. I've never watched him, but I've heard something is wrong with his hand.
There are no more floorboards between you and the exit. You step forward, passing right in front of my nose. I wish momentarily that I could hold you, but nothing ever stays, so you walk away.
In the opaque stillness of the enclosed room, the noise echoes like thunder.
You slam your fists onto the wooden table again, grunting under your breath as you scrutinize the bruises forming under your pale skin. Your hair is hanging ragged in your stormy eyes, and the exceptionally unkempt way it appears is the only witness to the fumes and heat that filled the small laboratory only moments ago. You move to the side to wash your hands, and I can now clearly see the dying toad on the table, its limbs curling in on itself, as if it were attempting to shield its corporeal form from your dangerous hands. In that moment, you remind me of your father, and I find myself backing away, though you cannot touch me.
The vague grunting has been replaced by muttering, and I watch as your lean form hunches over the table again, blocking your victim from view. I feel my feet moving away from you once more, unable to avoid enduring a brief mental image of a human body in place of the dying toad, unable to not imagine you tucking your face behind a mask and finishing what you've begun. In the next instant, though, you cradle the animal with a bizarre gentleness in your hands, gingerly moving it over to a clean place on the table, far from the poison that has brought it to its doom. Suddenly, I am standing right over your shoulder, watching you work with as much curiosity and wonder as I felt that very first day of Potions class. You were already a master in the making.
A pang of guilt, as I recall the way those hands softly held mine, walking with me to the Sorting.
I stand back, though I'm not in your way, and observe you reaching for the vial of orange liquid. Adding the hue that suggested warning was just another of your brilliant ideas, the ones you only casually acknowledged in my presence, even as they added up in your much-altered textbook. I watch as your hands, which always shook in the presence of James Potter and Sirius Black but now retain a perfect stability, pour a tiny drop of the liquid onto a spoon and feed it to the next toad in line. Soon, the animal begins to shudder, an indication that your deadly brew is working. Quickly, you rinse off the spoon and fill it with a friendlier blue liquid from the next set of vials. You offer to the toad, spilling half of it as the animal shakes more violently. Some is ingested.
I love this moment. It's why I endure the rest of the painful scene, just to watch as the animal slowly calms to a halt, looking up at you with a cheerful ribbit! It's a congratulatory gesture.
To move up in his ranks, of course, you must work a bit harder on the poison, the orange liquid.
We smile, though mine lasts longer and forms deeper pockets in the corners of my mouth than yours. You never did learn to smile properly. No matter, you're on to the next order of business.
Ignoring your groundbreaking achievement, the one that will ultimately allow you to attain the title you so desire and deserve, you turn back to the dying toad, whose limbs are still seizing.
I gingerly touch the toad, attempting and failing to offer comfort, as you withdraw a tiny cylinder of purple fluid from the pocket of your filthy robes. You wash the spoon again, offering three small droplets to the subject of your testing. It drinks them greedily, and the shaking stops at last.
This could be considered poison or antidote, and thus you conceal it. It's our little secret.
Then, with practiced hands, you place the living toad back in its cage. It's time for another trial.
No one ever comes to visit you.
I am angry at her, with her stiff expression and expensive coat, as she stands in your cramped living room with tears streaming down her face. Her older sister is staring at Peter, who is sitting in the corner by a large stack of old Potions textbooks, and finally he caves to her silent pressure and leaves the room. I wish I could leave, too. I have not met her in person, but she is terrifying in photographs. I think of you, wanting to stay and protect you, but you do not seem to be afraid.
She is trying to talk you into helping her son, and though some small part of you may feel concern for the boy, I know the real trouble is that you cannot resist saving a beautiful girl.
I nervously play with the fringe on my scarf as I watch you make a vow to do as she asks. There is something wrong with my stomach. Perhaps it is the way in which Bellatrix's voice sounds so much like Sirius's voice when she whispers to you that you are a coward. Perhaps it is the way in which your voice softens just slightly when you speak to the Malfoy woman. Am I jealous?
When they leave, you take advantage of the fact that Peter is still gone, sitting down at your old wooden table and beginning to make notes to yourself, notes on how Albus Dumbledore can be killed. I have never been enough of a Gryffindor to have the courage to actually watch you murder him, but I know how the story ends. I have seen you staring into my son's green eyes.
Right now, I cannot think of that, cannot think of the fragile way in which Harry watches your veins empty themselves of blood. I fixate upon your cold gaze, your determined movements, the scratching of your quill against the faded piece of parchment. You are not my friend, not today.
You're not in the place where we meet, under the tree. I watch myself wait four minutes before I panic, and the sensation is rising up in my chest, replacing the cold feeling that death brought.
I know we didn't spend much time together this summer, but we met at the playground every year on June sixth, the day before my family left for our annual trip to my Muggle grandparents' house. I always told you that I needed this meeting so that I wouldn't miss you, my best friend, too much while I was away from home. But I really did it for you, so you would have a memory of us laughing and trading stories about the previous school year to carry you through the nights while I was gone. If I had known the length of my absence, I would have asked to meet more.
You're not here today. You're always here first. Something is wrong. I watch the girl run away.
She walks briskly down the stone path that leads from Mill Town to Spinner's End, accidentally dragging her beige jumper along the ground. It's a bit small for a fourteen-year-old girl, but she hasn't grown that much, and her father's already sparse work hours have been reduced. I know this because my sister and I had heard him talking with Mum the week before about whether the trip would be a good idea this year, whether he shouldn't be asking to work during that week.
We are barely two steps into your neighborhood when I hear another argument in full swing.
You are sitting outside your house, your back leaning against the stone wall. At first it looks like your arms are shaking, but then I hear your father's heavy footsteps storming up the stairs and I imagine the whole house shuddering with the weight of his anger. I stop walking, looking at you.
You glance up at the girl through long, oily black strands, and then immediately look away.
Her first instinct is to extend her hand to you. I stare down at you, steeling my gaze, as I wait for you to accept her invitation to leave this place behind and return to our precious spot beneath the willow tree. Your eyes fall to the chipped red nail polish that stains the ends of her fingers.
Your arm tenses, and then begins to extend upward. I smile. The house has fallen silent.
Just then, the sleeve of your shirt, too big for you as usual, slips a few inches down your arm. I catch a glimpse of a trail of black ink, your pale skin reddened where it has been scratched by a quill. My eyes follow the path, watching it cross over your visible blue veins and back again as it loops around. You have painstakingly etched the serpent's scales into the top layer of flesh.
You jerk your arm back, and fear erupts in your dark eyes, bringing them to life. I close my eyes, trying to force my fourteen-year-old self to believe that you have merely paid testament to your beloved Slytherin House, that there is not a skull crowning the immobile serpent you have drawn proudly on your arm. She has seen a similar drawing on the arm of a seventh year she passed in the corridor. I remember it because he flashed it at her on purpose, pairing it with a cruel smile.
It was not done with a quill.
When the girl becomes a Prefect, she will give people like that detention. Will you join them?
You have folded your arms safely across your chest now, but you are still leaning forward slightly, as if you want to find some other way to come with her. You stare into her eyes.
When she starts to walk away, you follow. We are tempted to tell you to stay behind, to leave us alone. The girl wants to be alone suddenly. When we part ways, she'll have to go and pack.
We say nothing. I let you follow her to our place at the playground.
You need us more than ever.
You're watching me marry James.
I don't know why you keep this memory. I didn't even know that you were at the wedding. I had noticed my sister frowning as she stood at my side, clutching a bouquet full of the flowers our parents named me after, but it wasn't until the reception that she told me she'd been watching you in your position up above, crouched in a corner of the balcony. You were not invited.
From your vantage point high up in the small church, I watch myself walk slowly and methodically down the aisle, gently holding my father at my side to keep an even pace. I really do look beautiful in the magnificent ivory dress, and James couldn't smile any wider if he tried. I can't stand to watch this memory as often as you do, though. I have to avert my eyes sometimes.
I can almost feel you go cold as my lips touch his, sealing your fate.
The small crowd gathered around us throws pink petals into the air, with Sirius offering an especially enthusiastic toss that sprinkles my hair as James escorts me back down the aisle. As Remus moves to give me a warm embrace, you stand up lightly and sneak out of the building.
I leave my happier self behind, letting her squeeze her new husband's hand and accept the congratulations of her plentiful friends, and follow you until you collapse in the alleyway. I still have not convinced myself that we are separated by time, and I try to comfort you, try to make up for the way in which I never forgave you, never told you that I had once imagined you in his place. Now that I think of it, we never made time for the playground wedding I used to envision. But my touch falls into empty air, and I realize once again that I gave up my chance to hold you.
You will see my corporeal body one more time, save for the day when I appear in a photograph with James and a baby boy who bears his likeness. It will be in the early hours of an autumn morning, when my funeral has not yet begun, and you are laying white lilies in my frozen hands.
Then, in the space of either a thousand years or a few seconds, you are here.
Most of them wake up slowly when they get here, like they're drifting out of a pleasant sleep and clinging to the last moments between life and death. Not you. You jerk back to life, just as reactive as you were when you still took breath. Your caution and quick reflexes fit your mortal life well, preparing you for the many twists and turns your days took, but you look so out of place here. You are still wearing your usual black robes, constantly prepared for a funeral.
"Severus." I have kept you in a jar and stared at you for so long, and now you are here.
I wonder how my voice sounds to you, because to me it sounds too soft and contains a touch too much yearning. I pause, waiting for you to respond, but you are too busy simply staring at me.
"Lily." My name finally falls off your lips, almost like it slipped out without you noticing.
You are stumbling toward me now, forgetting in your haste to check for James before you approach. No matter, he isn't here. This is my heaven and this is my hour without him. I'll return to him later and be glad for his warm arms and kind smile, and especially the way he trusts me enough not to ask what I do with my endless hours in paradise. For now, though, I'm here with you, watching you realize your death at about the same pace as I am now. For now, I can finally find out what I was missing, standing in my clean kitchen and being a housewife for your enemy.
I can have my husband, and I can have you, too. This is my heaven.
You're coming close, nearly tripping over yourself with excitement as you cross the wide field that separates us, the final gap that has kept you from me for so long. It does not become you, but I don't have time to think of that now. I need to know what to say when you finally reach me.
I scramble over all of the possible combinations of words too quickly, and one paralyzes me.
What if all of this is a dream?
It could be. I've stared at the spot where you appeared enough times. I return to the image of the crumpled, dying flower, and you are reaching out to me and I cannot bring myself to reach back. What if I hold you too tightly? Nothing ever stays, not really, right? Not those long summer days in the playground, or the quiet hours we spent in the Hogwarts library, or the life a person lives.
I am shocked when I feel you touch my hand. Your fingers are much warmer than I remember.
Nothing ever stays, not really, right?
Maybe not.
Author's Note:
Hello, lovely readers (and hopefully reviewers)! As you may have noticed, this story is written in a non-chronological fashion. (If you didn't notice, hopefully this note helps.)
Now, a message for Liz – I don't know if this is enough to make you ship Snily, but I opened my heart and this is what came out, so I hope you enjoyed it. I had been looking for a new Snily project since I finished At Great Personal Risk, and your challenge was perfect.
Thanks everyone!
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Private Cloud Architecture
Experts within Equinix Professional Services have developed reference architectures to help our customers understand the requirements for tethering their IT infrastructure in Equinix to their enterprise data centers. The following deployment scenarios have been tested and refined in Equinix Solution Validation Centers™. The scenarios shown here are based on Equinix Performance Hub™ deployments, which are extension nodes of customers' enterprise networks in Equinix data centers. When evaluating these deployment scenarios, the Performance Hub technology stack in each diagram can be regarded as a representation of your private cloud infrastructure within Equinix.
Tether existing enterprise data centers to Equinix IBX® data centers.
This deployment scenario shows how to tether an existing enterprise data center to an Equinix IBX facility using metro-Ethernet for cost-efficient, high-performance Layer 2 connectivity.
Headquarters and branch locations experience no change or disruption in data center services from their legacy facility. However, companies can deploy or migrate latency-sensitive applications to servers deployed in Equinix data centers, perhaps as a private cloud service. This basic deployment model sets the stage for companies to migrate to hybrid cloud deployments in the future.
Connect headquarters and branch office locations to Equinix IBX data centers.
In this scenario, companies connect multiple office locations within a metro region to a nearby Equinix IBX data center. Office locations are connected to Equinix via high-speed local loop or Metro-Ethernet Layer 2 circuits. Companies use these high-capacity, low cost connections to replace costly MPLS and DWDM circuits, enabling them to increase bandwidth and performance while simultaneously reducing network and administrative costs.
Many companies deploy private clouds based on this architecture when hosting latency-sensitive applications in the IBX data center, such as virtual desktops. By leveraging Equinix's wide connectivity to ISPs, networks and cloud providers, companies can achieve consistent quality of experience across the region.
Connect private clouds and offices in multiple regions.
Companies use this configuration to connect data center sites and office locations in different geographic regions. Equinix IBX facilities are linked via network services of your choosing or you can leverage the expertise of Equinix Professional Services to help you evaluate, measure and test various connectivity options.
Within Equinix data centers, you get a far greater selection of networking services than would be achievable within your own private enterprise data center. You can connect your Equinix private cloud infrastructure to a wide range of ISPs, local loop services and long-haul networks, choosing the providers that most efficiently meet your application delivery requirements. Within each region, sites are ideally linked via high-speed local loop or Layer 2 Metro-Ethernet circuits.
Many Equinix customers make the most of their multi-region cloud deployments by also employing them for disaster recovery. In such scenarios, customer IT infrastructure in Equinix data centers can be linked via private circuits such as MPLS services.


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Jennings, Ellis lead Bucks in 97-88 win over Nets
Guards combine for 50 points in victory
Brandon Jennings scored 26 points, Monta Ellis had 24 points and the Milwaukee Bucks withstood Brooklyn's fourth-quarter rally in a 97-88 victory over the Nets on Sunday night.
The Bucks led by 29 points with 6:59 left in the third quarter but Brooklyn got within six after Deron Williams found an open Kris Humphries, who came off the bench for the first time this season, for an uncontested dunk.
Ellis then drove to the basket for a layup to make it 87-79 before the Nets called a timeout with 2:24 left in regulation. On the ensuing play, Gerald Wallace lost his balance and the ball and Milwaukee's Larry Sanders made a reverse layup to extend the Bucks' lead to 10 points. MarShon Brooks, who scored 14 points off the bench for the Nets, then hit a 3-pointer to bring the Nets within seven but Marquis Daniels hit a 3-pointer to make it 92-82 and pretty much put the game out of reach.
Williams had 18 points and eight assists and Wallace added 16 points and 16 rebounds for the struggling Nets who have now lost their last four games.
Milwaukee's starting backcourt outscored Brooklyn's 50-24.
Daniels had 13 points for the Bucks and Ersan Ilyasova added 10 as Milwaukee won its second straight. Jennings also had seven assists and six rebounds.
The Nets looked like they were on their way to snapping out their losing streak, jumping out to an 11-2 lead in the first quarter before Milwaukee coach Scott Skiles called a timeout to settle his team down with 8:46 remaining. It apparently worked as the Bucks outscored Brooklyn 23-7.
Brook Lopez was out again due to a mild sprained right foot and has now missed his last five games. The Nets are 1-4 without their starting center.
Nets coach Avery Johnson tried a new lineup Sunday, benching Humphries in place of Reggie Evans. Evans and Andray Blatche came into the game as Brooklyn's most productive tandem in their lineup with a plus-11.3 differential between offensive and defensive efficiency. Joe Johnson and Evans' 17 efficiency mark as a duo leads the team.
NOTES: New York native Doron Lamb, who was Milwaukee's second-round pick, No. 42 overall, in the 2012 draft, scored 10 points off the bench in his first game back in his hometown.


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Reading Like a Writer
A Guide for People Who Love Books and for Those Who Want to Write Them
Francine Prose
- 320 Pages
- On-Sale Date: 04/10/2007
- Trim Size: 5.313in x 8.000in x 0.721in
Long before there were creative-writing workshops and degrees, how did aspiring writers learn to write? By reading the work of their predecessors and contemporaries, says Francine Prose.
In Reading Like a Writer, Prose invites you to sit by her side and take a guided tour of the tools and the tricks of the masters. She reads the work of the very best writers—Dostoyevsky, Flaubert, Kafka, Austen, Dickens, Woolf, Chekhov—and discovers why their work has endured. She takes pleasure in the long and magnificent sentences of Philip Roth and the breathtaking paragraphs of Isaac Babel; she is deeply moved by the brilliant characterization in George Eliot's Middlemarch. She looks to John Le Carré for a lesson in how to advance plot through dialogue, to Flannery O'Connor for the cunning use of the telling detail, and to James Joyce and Katherine Mansfield for clever examples of how to employ gesture to create character. She cautions readers to slow down and pay attention to words, the raw material out of which literature is crafted.
Written with passion, humor, and wisdom, Reading Like a Writer will inspire readers to return to literature with a fresh eye and an eager heart.
Author Info
Francine Prose is the author of twenty-one works of fiction, including Mister Monkey; the New York Times bestseller Lovers at the Chameleon Club, Paris 1932; A Changed Man, which won the Dayton Literary Peace Prize; and Blue Angel, a finalist for the National Book Award. Her works of nonfiction include Anne Frank: The Book, The Life, The Afterlife, and the New York Times bestseller Reading Like a Writer. The recipient of numerous grants and honors, including a Guggenheim, a Fulbright, and a Director's Fellow at the Center for Scholars and Writers at the New York Public Library, she is a former president of PEN American Center and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She lives in New York City.
"Prose's little guide will motivate 'people who love books'…Like the great works of fiction, it's a wise and voluble companion." - New York Times Book Review
"Witty...Insightful." - Washington Post Book World
"a jewel of a companion…engrossing...and...daringly insightful." - Los Angeles Times
"The passages are…subtle and brilliant in their capture of human complexity…Prose is…a skilled…analyst of what makes them so." - San Francisco Chronicle
"Reading Like A Writer is different from the rest of the pack…[Prose's] wise book serves as an ispirational reminder." - Washington Times
"Sensible, valuable and highly readable, Reading Like a Writer deserves perusal — both in and out of the classroom." - Kansas City Star
"Celebrates the pleasures of close reading and explores the power of well-wrought language…refreshing" - Time Out New York
"An absolutely necessary addition to the personal library of anyone who is a writer or dreams of writing." - National Public Radio
"Makes a case for the rewards of reading." - Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel
"Prose knows when to be funny, how to wield examples, and when to stop." - More magazine
"Readable and illuminating…few…advice volumes offer as much insight into writing as you will find in Francine Prose's latest book" - Capital Times
"Prose's guide to reading and writing belongs on every writer's bookshelf alongside E.M. Forster's Aspects of the Novel." - Publishers Weekly (starred review)


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Jewish World Review Jan 28, 2013/ 17 Shevat, 5773
Hey, airlines! I've got some fees for you
By Mitch Albom
You can pay $40 to board the plane sooner.
This is separate from the $10 you can pay for early check-in or the higher-priced "business select" fare, both of which also let you board the plane sooner.
Gee. I'd hate to be a Southwest gate agent. A matador has an easier job.
All this from an airline that claims to have first-come, first-serve seating.
But no surprise. Flying and "fee" are synonymous. Once upon a time, you bought an airplane ticket, and that was the end of your money outlay.
Now, it's just the start. You pay to check your first bag. You pay to check your second. You pay for legroom or to use the overhead compartment. You pay for a snack. Or a pillow. Or a blanket.
You pay to send a child alone. You pay to bring a pet. You pay to book your ticket in person. You pay for headsets. And WiFi.
You pay to change a ticket, switch a seat or cancel a flight altogether. That's right. You can end up spending money and never get on a plane.
Fees now constitute between 10% and 30% of all revenue for the airlines. And it's not likely to change.
But it could work both ways.
Mess up? Then pay up!
I would like to propose a new set of fees. Ones the airlines pay to us. These are fair. They are across the board. And just as the airlines are always telling customers that fees are optional, as long as you don't do certain things (i.e., bring luggage, eat or sit anywhere but the last row, middle seat), my fees are optional, too. Deliver what you should deliver, airlines, and there will be no charge.
On the other hand, if you want to continue certain practices, you gotta dig into those pockets.
For example ...
Every time you land and the gate is not available, you pay each passenger $10.
Every time you reach the gate and the Jetway operator can't be found, you pay each passenger $10.
Every time you run out of space in the overhead compartments, you pay each passenger $25.
Every time there is not a single human being behind your ticket counters, you pay $60.
Unwarned turbulence costs you $50 per bump.
Every bag you lose, $35.
Second bag, $45.
Really heavy bag, $55.
And every "maintenance" delay is $300 per passenger. You're supposed to fix the planes in the hangars, not on the tarmac.
And there's more ...
Every time a plane is delayed because you can't find a crew member, you pay each passenger $100.
If it's the captain, you pay $200.
Every time you list "on time" on the monitors, when in truth the plane is delayed for an hour, you pay each passenger $15.
If you put people on hold for more than a minute, you pay $5.
More than 15 minutes, $20.
No skycaps out front? It's $30.
If the seat won't go back, it's $20.
If the seat won't come up, it's $20.
Video out? That's $10.
Run out of snacks? That's $5.
And if the crossword puzzle already is done in the airline magazine, it's $3. Come on. You print enough of those.
I believe such fees are only fair. And as long as the airlines keep nickel-and-diming passengers to boost their profits, passengers should fight back.
On the other hand, if the airlines returned to charging one ticket price, checking all your bags for free, assigning you decent seats, greeting you in person, feeding you, telling you the truth and allowing you to change or cancel tickets, I'd consider dropping my fee plan, as well.
For a $2 charge.
Every weekday JewishWorldReview.com publishes what many in the media and Washington consider "must-reading". Sign up for the daily JWR update. It's free. Just click here.


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Top EU official: Cyprus bank rescue new template
BRUSSELS (AP) — Inflicting losses on banks' shareholders, bondholders and even large depositors should become the 17-country eurozone's default approach for dealing with ailing lenders, a top European official said Monday.
Banks' owners and investors must be held responsible "before looking at public money or any other instrument coming from the public side," said Jeroen Dijsselbloem, who chairs the Eurogroup gatherings of the 17 eurozone finance ministers.
The eurozone countries and the International Monetary Fund earlier Monday granted Cyprus a 10 billion euro ($13 billion) bailout that foresees dissolving the country's second-largest bank, wiping out its bondholders and inflicting significant losses — possibly up to 40 percent — on all deposits larger than 100,000 euros ($130,000).
EU officials have previously stressed that this measure, a so-called bail-in, was a "unique step" in Cyprus. That's because of the size of country's banking sector — almost eight times the economy's annual output — and the capital structure of its lenders, which rely almost exclusively on deposits instead of bonds.
"If there is a risk in a bank, our first question should be 'Okay, what are you in the bank going to do about that? What can you do to recapitalize yourself?' If the bank can't do it, then we'll talk to the shareholders and the bondholders, we'll ask them to contribute in recapitalizing the bank, and if necessary the uninsured deposit holders," he said in an interview with the Financial Times and Reuters.
Dijsselbloem's office confirmed the remarks.
In the past, nations like Ireland have dumped billions of taxpayers' money into rescuing their banks, fearing that forcing owners and depositors to take losses would roil markets and spread uncertainty. That has drawn howls of outrage as pension cuts and tax hikes were used to spare rich overseas investors from losses.
European officials had that in mind when they decided, in Cyprus' case, to shrink and restructure the banking sector, reducing the amount of money European and Cypriot taxpayers would have to pay.
But forcing losses on large deposits could encourage investors to pull money out of weaker southern European economies to more stable nations in the north, like Germany.
That concern was evident in markets. The euro currency, used by more than 330 million Europeans, rose against the dollar to about $1.30 in the morning on the agreement on a bailout for Cyprus, but tanked below $1.29 — its lowest since November — following Dijsselbloem's remarks. European stock market indexes also lost their earlier gains, with bank shares hardest-hit, particularly in financially weak countries like Italy and Spain.
Dijsselbloem said the new approach was more just because it was about safeguarding taxpayers' money and force losses on banks, their owners and investors instead.
"The consequences may be that it's the end of story, and that is an approach that I think, now that we are out of the heat of the crisis, we should take," he said in the interview.
Later Monday, after the whirlwind of nervous market reactions, Dijsselbloem issued a terse clarifying statement, saying "Cyprus is a specific case with exceptional challenges which required the bail-in measures."
"Macro-economic adjustment programs are tailor-made to the situation of the country concerned and no models or templates are used," he added.
Deposits in Europe are guaranteed by a state-backed deposit insurance scheme only up to 100,000 euros ($130,000). The bailout program for Cyprus marks the first time in Europe's three-year-old debt crisis that large deposit holders — wealthy savers, business people or institutions — will be forced to take losses.
If holders of large deposits were to start moving their savings away from banks in southern Europe, those lenders could quickly be in need of additional capital, possibly pushing them to seek support from their governments. But nations such as Portugal, Spain, Italy or Greece already have huge public debt loads, which would make it difficult for them to recapitalize their banks.
With his comments, the Dutchman, who took the helm of the Eurogroup only in January, also dashed hopes that Europe's rescue fund might one day provide rescue loans directly to banks. The ESM is in theory due to be able to directly prop up ailing lenders once the bloc has moved toward a so-called banking union, including centralized oversight by the European Central Bank, sometime next year at the earliest.
That was meant to be a key component of Europe's response to its debt crisis as it would break the link between weak banks dragging down the finances of already heavily indebted governments.
"We should aim at a situation where we will never need to even consider direct recapitalization," he told the Financial Times and Reuters. "If we have even more instruments in terms of bail-in ... the need for direct (recapitalizations) will become smaller and smaller," he added.
Eurozone nations that have been net contributors to bailout packages — such as Dijsselbloem's native Netherlands, Germany or Finland — have been skeptical about direct bank recapitalizations through Europe's rescue fund, the European Stability Mechanism. They fear their taxpayers' money will be used to bail out banks in other nations whose governments failed to properly oversee their lenders in the first place.
Juergen Baetz can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/jbaetz


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Prof. Dr. Elke Winter
Since 2014 Member of the Royal Society of Canada's College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists
Since 2013 Research Director, Cluster "Migration, Pluralism, and Citizenship", Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Citizenship and Minorities (CIRCEM), University of Ottawa
2012 John Porter Tradition of Excellence Book Award, Canadian Sociological Association's best book of the year award for Us, Them, and Others: Pluralism and National Identity in Diverse Societies (UTP 2011)
Since 2011 Associate Professor (tenured), Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa
2007–2011 Assistant Professor (tenure-track), Sociology and Anthropology, University of Ottawa
2007 (fall) Postdoctoral Fellow, Ethnicity and Democratic Governance Project (EDG), Queen's University, Kingston (on leave from the University of Ottawa); funded by the International Council for Canadian Studies (ICCS)
2006–2007 Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies (IMES), Universiteit van Amsterdam; funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
2005–2006 Postdoctoral Fellow, Institut für Sozialwissenschaften (ISW), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; funded by a the German Academic Exchange Service
2005 Ph.D. in Sociology, York University (Toronto) Thesis: Debating Binationalism and Multiculturalism in Canada: Toward a Sociology of Ethnic Pluralism
1998 M.Sc. in Sociology, Université de Montréal Thesis: Max Weber et les relations ethniques: race, ethnicité et nation;
1995 Vordiplom (B.A.) in Sociology, Economics & Political Science, Freie Universität Berlin
Research concentrations
Fields: political sociology, social theory, historical sociology,
Themes: ethnicity, nationalism, pluralism, citizenship, immigrant integration
Regions: Canada/Québec, Western Europe
Research Methods: interpretative methodologies, discourse analysis, comparative approaches
Function within the Center
Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study Konstanz (November 2017–August 2018)
Visiting Scholar of the Institute for Advanced Study Konstanz (October 2018–July 2019)
Research project "The role of naturalization for immigrant and refugee integration: trajectories and expressions of citizenship"
Selected Publications
Winter, E. (2011), Us, Them and Others: Pluralism and National Identity in Diverse Societies, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Winter, E.Debating Binationalism and Multiculturalism in Canada: Toward a Sociology of Ethnic Pluralism, Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada (Collection Theses/Thèses, ISBN: 0494116420), 2005, 469 p.
Winter, E., Max Weber et les relations ethniques. Du refus du biologisme racial à l'État multinational (Foreword: Philippe Fritsch), Québec: Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 2004.
Winter, E. & I. Previsic "Citizenship Revocation in the Mainstream Press: A case of Re-ethnicization?", Canadian Journal of Sociology, 42 (1), p. 55-82, 2017. online
Frost, C. & E. Winter. "Making and authenticating the citizen: naturalisation and passport applications in Canada", Review of European and Russian Affairs (RERA), Review of European and Russian Affairs (RERA), 11 (1), 2017. online
Winter, E."Rethinking Multiculturalism After its 'Retreat': Lessons from Canada", American Behavioral Scientist 59 (6) 637-657, 2015.
Winter, E. "Traditions of Nationhood or Political Conjuncture? Debating Citizenship in Canada and Germany", Comparative Migration Studies 2(1), 2014, 295-321. online
Winter, E., "(Im)Possible Citizens: Canada's 'Citizenship Bonanza' and its Boundaries", Citizenship Studies, 18(1), 2014, 46-62.
Winter, E., "Trajectories of Multiculturalism in Germany, the Netherlands, and Canada: In Search of Common Patterns", Government and Opposition, 45 (2), 2010, p. 166-186.
Winter, E., "How Does the Nation Become Pluralist?", Ethnicities, 7 (4), 2007, p. 483-515.
phone +1 (613) 562-5800 (6274)
e-mail elke.winter[at]uottawa.ca
website www.elkewinter.com
School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies
University of Ottawa
120, University Private (# 10 059)
Ottawa (ONT) K1N 6N5


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Partner John Garaffa wrote a chapter titled "Business Interruption and Damage Claims" for the 5th Edition of The Complete Guide to Economic Damages.
LexisNexis Practice Guide: Florida Insurance Litigation provides the practitioner with immediate access to knowledge and strategy on every aspect of insurance practice in Florida. The publication concisely presents the terms, conditions and exclusions that govern coverage offered against the risks under each line of insurance. This approach provides a comprehensive exploration of key concepts, policy language and insight for litigation of common and esoteric disputes under those policies. Each chapter also provides task-oriented checklists, examples, strategic points, and cross-references to governing statutory and case law.
Sun-Tzu is a well-recognized and oft-quoted Chinese general, military strategist and philosopher. He is also credited as the author of The Art of War.1 While the title clearly identifies that book as having much to do with actual war, Sun-Tzu's philosophy translates to many different fields of application. One such field of application is the preparation for and litigation involved with a jury trial. Most specifically applicable is the Sun-Tzu quote that "every battle is won or lost before it's ever fought." Before your jury trial even begins, the actions that most impact the results obtained are the preparation of the jury instructions, the preparation of the pretrial stipulation, the preparation of motions in limine, and the intricacies involved in the jury selection process.
Water loss lawsuits have spiked dramatically in Florida during the past few years. Insurers simply cannot resolve the unusually large differences in water damage estimates. Scope of estimated matching work usually explains the disparity. And litigation ensues over this hypothetical question: Can the water-damaged or tear out items be replaced and then matched to undamaged adjoining items; and if not, what is the proper scope of the matching work?
What does reading literature have to do with the mission of DRI for Life? Some might suggest reading that we read mostly as pleasurable respite or for entertainment. That certainly is true in the cases of, say, mystery stories or romance novels. But I say reading real literature is more, and more essential to life, than that.
View Bill Lewis, John Garaffa, and Sarah Burke's newest contributions to the ABA's Tort Trial & Insurance Practice Law Journal. This comprehensive PDF explains recent developments in property insurance law.
Water boiler failures provide significant recovery opportunities. By understanding how these relatively simple systems work, one can realize that recovery potential and identify the probable failures modes, skillfully directing the recovery investigation, and asserting the proper legal theories that afford recovery.
How many of your subrogation claims have been closed because of the subrogation killing terms and conditions of a contract? A recent decision in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, United States District Court found in favor of a subrogating insurance carrier and held that the terms and conditions barring recovery were both unlawfully drafted and unconscionable, thus allowing the subrogating carrier to move forward with its subrogation claim. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., a/s/o Sara Rivera v. Petroleum Heat & Power Co., Inc., 2016 WL 5816182 (E.D. Penn. October 5, 2016).
Virtually every jurisdiction in the United States has a statute on the books that provides for prevailing-party attorney fees in favor of insureds when they are successful in coverage suits against insurers.
Although we may not see the historic low temperatures associated with the polar vortex of 2014, the winter season always brings with it an influx of freeze-related claims. Notably, the involvement of Mother Nature does not automatically preclude a subrogation recovery, and these types of claims should be triaged promptly and efficiently in order to avoid overlooking subrogation potential.
In the past few years, savvy defense lawyers have taken a more inquisitive approach on the valuation of subrogation damages across all lines of insurance. Gone are the days of assuming the damages must be right because no carrier wants to pay more than they should.
Drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles or unmanned aerial systems, can be equipped with cameras, thermal scanners, license plate readers and facial-recognition software.
An explosion is an extraordinary event that forever changes the psyche of those affected. The bigger the scale of the explosion, the bigger the challenges are to move forward and to develop viable recovery claims. It is a dilemma that requires sophisticated leadership and seasoned subrogation counsel, forensic consultants, and loss adjusters.
In the summer of 2016, SLA published an article titled "Assignment of Benefit Litigation in Florida." The article was an introduction to the topic of assignments of benefits ("AOB") in Florida and how they are being used in insurance claims and litigation. Many readers asked for a follow up article that would provide some additional information and analysis on certain AOB topics. This article will spotlight four of those topics and give the reader some additional information and analysis on each of them.
With each new claim we navigate a myriad of potential obstacles to recovery. As subrogation professionals, we work to quickly identity these issues and evaluate the best recovery strategy. In doing so, some obstacles may first appear insurmountable, but later give way to the ever diligent subrogation professional. One such obstacle is the concept of sovereign immunity.
Hmm, a water loss claim. Lots of those lately. She looked further and saw it was actually two claims. Two water loss claims within one week of each other. One, a loss in the bathroom when a pipe underneath the sink burst and the other was a kitchen loss from a broken p-trap.
Each year, wildland fires scorch millions of acres of brush and timber, damage tens of thousands of homes and commercial properties, cost federal and local governments billions of dollars in suppression efforts, and cost insurance companies hundreds of millions in property insurance proceeds.
Countless fires occur every year. They cause billions of dollars in property losses, and sometimes result in bodily injuries and deaths. Public assembly fires arising out of hotels, restaurants and nightclubs are prone to significant calamities, given the fire risks, types of use, occupancy, and human factors. While fires are frequently avoidable, the fires themselves would oft be smaller in scope "but for" the failures of fire suppression, detection and alarm systems; lack of effective containment; material flammability; and other failures. This article discusses the common thread of historic hotel, restaurant and nightclub fires—many of which are iconic.
Over the past five years, first-party property insurers in Florida have been experiencing a wave of claims and lawsuits by contractors who obtain insurance rights from insureds through document called an assignment of benefits ("AOB"). This article is intended to introduce the reader to this topic and explain some of the challenges facing insurers in dealing with AOBs in Florida. The reader is welcome to contact the author to learn more.
Generally speaking, the purpose of tort damages is to make an injured party whole and restore the injured party, as nearly as reasonably possible, to the position in which he or she would have held absent the injury. When dealing with damages sustained to real property, most jurisdictions provide that the cost to repair the property is the proper measure of damage so long as the cost to repair does not exceed the diminution in value, which is the difference between the fair market value immediately before and immediately after the damages are sustained.
As one of the nation's most preeminent jurists put it, domestication of horses did not give rise to a "law of the horse," and the rise of the Internet era did not give rise to a "law of cyberspace."1 Likewise, the proliferation of drones will not give rise to a new area of law called "drone law." What will happen instead is much more complex.
The purpose of Good Faith/Bad Faith is to serve as a compendium of general information insurers may wish to use as part of the development of their own individual claims-handling procedures; however, Good Faith/Bad Faith neither sets forth any particular practice or policy as a recommendation or best practice nor does it represent a compilation of widely followed procedures.
One of the most rapidly developing issues in Florida and in courts around the country is whether the attorney-client privilege can be relied on by an insurer in a third-party bad faith action. The attorney-client privilege is one of the oldest confidential communication privileges in Florida.
For a copy of the publication please contact Josh Golembe.
ATS cases.' The court entered into uncharted and controversial territory' though, as it attempted to deal with a claim made by a group of Nigerian plaintiffs who alleged that "Dutch, British, and Nigerian corporations engaged in oil exploration and production aided and abetted the Nigerian government in committing violations of the law of nations"' so as to promote their exploratory efforts.' In ultimately determining that corporate liability does not exist under the ATS,' the Second Circuit majority misconstrued its own precedent and that of other circuits, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the ATS in Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain,o the principles and goals of international law, scholarly commentary, and the earliest available interpretations of the ATS. The plaintiffs sought review in the Supreme Court of the United States.
Until a few years ago, the term "Most Favored Nation" was a phrase restricted primarily to the world of international trade. However, with the upsurge in both class action and mass tort lawsuits, Most Favored Nation clauses (MFN), are increasingly used as a tool to encourage settlement.
Now is the time to stop talking and start acting! In the legal professionalism debate, many scholars hope, through their own unique contributions, to spark some universal epiphany that will initiate pervasive change. But a workable solution remains amorphous; the context of the problem is in constant flux and scholars feel the need to continually approach it in a "modernized" framework. Admittedly, unique perspective is an important tool for learning the intricacies of any problem, but incessantly approaching an old problem with fresh insight becomes tiresome and counterproductive . . . especially when there is no evidence of change. If we continue to merely discuss professionalism, then we will remain mired in tautology disguised as intellectual insight.


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A collection of scholarly works about individual liberty and free markets. A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.
? - —
South African
Historical Period:
The 20th Century and Beyond
Thirlby was a lecturer in commerce in the University of Cape Town from 1934 to 1947 and at the London School of Economics from 1947 to 1962, when he retired.


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|GTK+ 2.0 Tutorial
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|Next >>>
Using Adjustments the Easy Way
The adjustable widgets can be roughly divided into those which use and require specific units for these values and those which treat them as arbitrary numbers. The group which treats the values as arbitrary numbers includes the range widgets (scrollbars and scales, the progress bar widget, and the spin button widget). These widgets are all the widgets which are typically "adjusted" directly by the user with the mouse or keyboard. They will treat the lower and upper values of an adjustment as a range within which the user can manipulate the adjustment's value. By default, they will only modify the value of an adjustment.
The other group includes the text widget, the viewport widget, the compound list widget, and the scrolled window widget. All of these widgets use pixel values for their adjustments. These are also all widgets which are typically "adjusted" indirectly using scrollbars. While all widgets which use adjustments can either create their own adjustments or use ones you supply, you'll generally want to let this particular category of widgets create its own adjustments. Usually, they will eventually override all the values except the value itself in whatever adjustments you give them, but the results are, in general, undefined (meaning, you'll have to read the source code to find out, and it may be different from widget to widget).
Now, you're probably thinking, since text widgets and viewports insist on setting everything except the value of their adjustments, while scrollbars will only touch the adjustment's value, if you share an adjustment object between a scrollbar and a text widget, manipulating the scrollbar will automagically adjust the viewport widget? Of course it will! Just like this:
/* creates its own adjustments */ viewport = gtk_viewport_new (NULL, NULL); /* uses the newly-created adjustment for the scrollbar as well */ vscrollbar = gtk_vscrollbar_new (gtk_viewport_get_vadjustment (viewport));
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|Adjustment Internals


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May 12, 2014
Book Review - No Man's Nightingale by Ruth Rendell
Both the author and her fictional detective, retired Inspector Wexford are not getting any younger but when Wexford's local vicar is murdered, his experience and local knowledge are called upon by those still in the police force. Wexford's need to keep worrying at a problem, until he understands it, is fully utilized here. Where would this English villages be without the ubiquitous garrulous cleaner, sharing secrets and stories across all her clients? Wexford's compassion is to the fore when dealing with the daughter of the murder victim. Settle down for another good outing with Inspector Wexford. Wendy
Posted by Camden Council Library Service at Monday, May 12, 2014
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Mplus Home
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Estimators and Missing Data
Mplus Discussion
Multilevel Data/Complex Sample
Thomas A. Schmitt
posted on Thursday, June 12, 2008 - 1:29 pm
Hello Linda,
I have several questions concerning growth models in Mplus:
(1) I have estimated a two level multilevel model with the following code below. Is there and example that would show how to the parameters in the SEM framework and if so does this SEM framework give all the same parameter estimates as the multilevel modeling framework?
(2) Why is Mplus able to "handle" missing data at both level one and level two as opposed to other programs such as HLM and SAS PROC MIXED which can only "handle" missing data at level one; is this due to the optimization algorithm? Is this true both in the
(3) I'm trying to understand what default algorithm Mplus uses to estimate parameters in the presence of missing data. I'm fitting a two level model with random intercepts and slopes. My understanding is that MLR estimator is used along with the EM algorithm and that FIML is not being used?
This is an example of a one-level growth
model for a continuous outcome (two-level analysis)
FILE IS willet_mplus_missing.dat; format=free;
NAMES = id covar y time;
USEVARIABLES = id y time;
WITHIN = time;
CLUSTER = id;
MISSING= y (-99);
s | y ON time;
y s;
y WITH s;
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, June 12, 2008 - 3:59 pm
1. Example 6.1 with residual variances held equal would be the same.
2. It is due to the optimization procedure.
3. MLR is FIML. The same parameter estiamtes are obtained. It is only standard errors and chi-square that differ. In most cases, Quasi-Newton is used. In some cases, EM is used.
Thomas A. Schmitt
posted on Friday, June 13, 2008 - 11:11 am
Thank you! I'm still struggling with the algorithm being used. In the MS-DOS window it indicates that EM is being largely invoked when there is not missing data. When there is missing data the window indicates EM is mostly being used along with QN. Also, I thought FIML was a direct method in that model parameters and standard errors were estimated directly from the data and the EM algorithm is an indirect ML in that it provides ML estimates of the covariance matrix and mean vector that is used for further analysis. So my confusion is in that FIML is being used along with the EM algorithm.
(1) Missing data modeling is handled the same in terms of MLE methods with hierarchical growth data when using the multilevel and SEM framework?
(2) Can auxiliary variables be incorporated into the Mplus approach that uses multilevel modeling?
Thomas A. Schmitt
posted on Friday, June 13, 2008 - 11:39 am
One more question. What about the algorithm allows missingness to be modeled at level 2? Is there a reference that discusses this? Is it related to the multivariate approach to growth modeling that Mplus uses?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, June 13, 2008 - 5:54 pm
One source of confusion is that "EM" is often thought of only as a method to estimate a mean vector and covariance matrix when there is missing data. This is too narrow of a view. EM is an algorithm that is used with maximum-likelihood estimation in general. It is true that it is typically used to estimate an unrestricted mean vector and covariance matrix, which with model fit testing provides the "H1" model estimates to which the fit of the "H0" model is compared. But EM can also be used for H0 models, that is the model you are ultimately interested in. It is used with missing data in a general sense, so for example including latent variables such as random intercepts and slopes which you have in your multilevel example. EM for H0 models can be slow and is therefore often accelerated by algorithms such as Quasi-Newton, Fisher Scoring, etc. When that is done, Mplus shows it in the technical output for the iterations.
The term "FIML" is also confusing and unfortunate. Full-information ML is the usual ML, but for some reason the FI prefix is added in missing data contexts. And ML with missing data - using any algorithm - is as you say estimating the H0 parameters directly, not doing imputations of the missing data first as in Bayesian multiple imputation. So FIML is what Mplus does when ML is requested with missing data, again using various algorithms.
(1) The ML missing data principle is not different for single- and multi-level models.
(2) I don't think so, but that's a support question.
Regarding your question about missing data and the algorithm for two-level modeling, the Mplus group is trying to finish up a paper describing this.
Thomas A. Schmitt
posted on Monday, June 16, 2008 - 11:28 am
Thank you Bengt for your detailed answer!
Thomas A. Schmitt
posted on Tuesday, June 17, 2008 - 5:30 pm
Hello Linda and Bengt:
I have a couple more questions concerning this just so I'm clear. Is FIML being used for both the random and fixed effects? Also, I get the error message below and I'm not sure what to make of it because it sounds like listwise deletion.
Data set contains cases with missing on all variables except
x-variables. These cases were not included in the analysis.
Number of cases with missing on all variables except x-variables: 10
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, June 17, 2008 - 5:59 pm
Regarding your FIML (that is ML) question, I can interpret that 2 ways. (1) you are asking if ML is used both for models with fixed and models with random effects. Then the answer is yes. (2) you are asking if ML is used both for parameter estimation and random effect estimation for each individual in the sample. Then the answer is no. ML is used for parameter estimation. The random effects are not parameters of the model (their means and variances are), but the individual effects can be estimated after the model has been estimated. The individual effects are estimated using the posterior distribution (given the model and the data), typically using the expected value of this distribution. This is also referred to as Empirical Bayes.
Regarding the x variable missingness, yes such cases are deleted. Missing data handling of the x's need to make assumptions about the distribution of the x's and this is not part of the original model. You can however bring the x's into the model (by mentioning their means or variances) in which case the default is to add a normality assumption and missingness is handled as we have discussed for dependent variables.
Thomas A. Schmitt
posted on Wednesday, June 18, 2008 - 11:12 am
Thank you Bengt! As always you and Linda provide timely and lucid responses.
Hemant Kher
posted on Wednesday, November 03, 2010 - 4:35 am
Hello Professors Muthen & Muthen,
I have a question on LGM analysis .. I have 2 repeated variables in my data set – y1-y4 and x1-x4 – each recorded at 4 occasions. There's missing data in my sample. When I fit a growth model to each, n is 230; with a dual growth model again n is 230. But, when I fit a growth model for y1-y4 with x1-x4 as a TVC, n shrinks to 102 .. this coincides with the fact that 102 student provided data at all 4 points.
The Mplus message I get is: "Data set contains cases with missing on x-variables. These cases were not included in the analysis. Number of cases with missing on x-variables: 128
Any insights on why sample shrinks in the different models?
Thanks for your time; much appreciated.
Hemant Kher
posted on Wednesday, November 03, 2010 - 5:29 am
Hello again Professors Muthen & Muthen,
I would like to take my question (above) back. On the discussion board there is a suggestion from you to include the Xs in the model by mentioning their variances. I did this and the problem of shrinking sample size appears resolved. Now the output lists a WITH for each X variable (e.g. X1 with I, S; X2 with I, S, etc.).
So a followup question in this case: does the presence of the above-stated WITH estimates, which I did not really request for, alter interpretations of the TVC model?
Thanks for your time as always.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, November 03, 2010 - 12:30 pm
If you do not want x1 correlated with i, say:
x1 WITH
Hemant Kher
posted on Wednesday, November 03, 2010 - 1:11 pm
Thank you for a quick response Dr. Muthen. When I include statements like above, the fit deteriorates significantly. Thus keeping x-variables in the model and letting them correlate with growth parameters seems a better option.
My only concern is if the interpretations are affected by the presence of the correlations; my inclination is that they are not.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, November 03, 2010 - 1:29 pm
Bringing the time-varying covariates into to the model like this highlights the shortcomings of the typical assumptions made in multilevel modeling. For instance, it is likely that a time-varying covariate influences the slope growth factor. Now, a time-varying covariate measured at time t (t>1) could of course not influence the growth intercept if that is defined at time 1 as customarily done. But a time-varying covariate measured at time 1 could at least be correlated with the growth intercept. See also the handout from our Topic 3 course on growth modeling (slide 138 and on), where data on math development is analyzed by alternative models.
posted on Wednesday, October 14, 2015 - 8:57 am
Hi Dr. Muthens, I was wondering when using FIML to deal with missing data in SEM, does Mplus 7 produce the robust S.E by default? Thanks
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, October 14, 2015 - 1:33 pm
Use Estimator = mlr;
Amanda Lemmon
posted on Thursday, July 16, 2020 - 11:57 am
Hello -
I wanted to ask a question about MLR and missing data. How much missing data is too much for MLR? I am doing CFA if the type of analysis matters.
Thank you!
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, July 17, 2020 - 5:59 pm
It depends on too many factors to give a general statement. The more missing data you have, the more you rely on distributional and other assumptions and the less you can rely on your data. You are certainly better off typically with for example less than 20% missing and worse off with for example 40% missing. The coverage information we give also shows the missingness (or rather its opposite, coverage) not only for each variable but also for pairs of variables which is relevant for factor analysis since information on the estimates largely come from pairs (covariances/correlations). Have a look at chapter 10 of our RMA book to learn the ins and outs.
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Align Southern Indiana's design and implementation Process ensures that Alignment Teams are making process toward systemic change. Align Southern Indiana staff guide the A-Team through each phase of the Process.
- Tactical Planning - First, each A-Team creates a Tactical Plan to align common goals to address a community issue.
- Community Engagement - Then, the A-Team uses the Invitation to Participate™ process to align resources and engage the broader community in the effort.
- Pilot Implementation and Evaluation - Next, the A-Team provides oversight for implementation of the initiative.
- Scale Up - And, gathers data to determine the impact and need for scale-up.
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Professor of Law
John and Frances Angelos Law Center, Room 505
Administrative Assistant: Gloria Joy
John and Frances Angelos Law Center, Room 518
J.D., Columbia University, 1975
B.A., magna cum laude, University of Notre Dame, 1972
Areas of Expertise
Constitutional Law
Selected Publications
Articles and Essays
Hell Hath No Fury Like a Fan Scorned: State Regulation of Sports Agents, 30 Toledo L.Rev. 511 (1999).
Rejecting the Fruits of Action: The Regeneration of the Waste Land's Legal System, 71 Notre Dame L. Rev. 127 (1995).
Social Justice and the Myth of Fairness: A Communal Defense of Affirmative Action, 74 Nebraska L. Rev. 569 (1995).
Below Market Loans: From Abuse to Misuses – A Sports Illustration (with Douglas K. Chapman), 37 Case Western Reserve L. Rev. 484 (1987).
Professional Sports and Antitrust Law: The Groundrules of Immunity, Exemption and Liability, Chapter in Frey and Johnson (eds.), Government and Sport: Public Policy Issues (October 1985).
Involuntary Servitude: The Current Enforcement of Employee Covenants Not to Compete – A Proposal for Reform (with Henry M. Schaffer), 57 S. Cal. L. Rev. 531 (1984).
Not at the Behest of Nonlabor Groups: A Revised Prognosis for a Maturing Sports Industry, 24 B.C.L. Rev. 341 (March 1983).