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Mount Diablo is a mountain of the Diablo Range, in Contra Costa County of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area, in northern California. It is located south of Clayton and northeast of Danville.
It is an isolated upthrust peak of 3,849 feet (1,173 m), visible from most of the San Francisco Bay Area. Mount Diablo appears from many angles to be a double pyramid and includes many subsidiary peaks, the largest and closest of which is the other half of the double pyramid, North Peak, nearly as high in elevation at 3,557 feet (1,084 m) and about one mile northeast of the main summit.
The summit is accessible by foot, bicycle, or motor vehicle. Road access is via North Gate Road or South Gate Road.
The peak is the centerpiece of Mount Diablo State Park, a state park of about 20,000 acres (8,000 ha) in area. The park was the first public open space of a complex—according to Save Mount Diablo—now including 38 preserves, including nearby city open spaces, regional parks, watersheds, that are buffered in some areas with private lands protected with conservation easements. Preserved lands on and around Mount Diablo total more than 90,000 acres (36,000 ha). The day use fee for Mount Diablo State Park is $6 or $10 per vehicle depending on where you enter the park.[4]
On a clear day the Sierra Nevada is plainly visible. (The best views are after a winter storm; a snowy Sierra shows up better, and summer is likely to be hazy.) Lassen Peak, 181 miles (291 km) away, is occasionally visible.[5][6] Sentinel Dome in Yosemite National Park is visible,[7] but Half Dome is hidden by the 8000-foot ridge at 37.755N 119.6657W. Eight bridges are visible, from west to east; San Mateo; Bay; Golden Gate; San Rafael; Carquinez; Benicia; Antioch and Rio Vista.
Historic claims that the mountain's viewshed is the largest in the world—or second largest after Mount Kilimanjaro—are unfounded. It does boast one of the largest viewsheds in the Western United States and it played a key role in California history. Countless peaks in the state are taller, but Mount Diablo has a remarkable visual prominence for a mountain of such modest elevation. Its recognizable form and looming presence over so much of the bay, delta, and Central Valley, and good visibility even from the Mother Lode, all key regions during the gold rush and early statehood, made it not just a well-known visual touchstone but an important landmark for mapping and navigation. The summit serves as the reference datum for land surveying in much of northern California and Nevada.
Mount Diablo is sacred to many California Native American peoples; according to Miwok mythology and Ohlone mythology, it was the point of creation. Prior to European entry, the creation narrative varied among surrounding local groups. In one surviving narrative fragment, Mount Diablo and Reed's Peak (Mount Tamalpais) were surrounded by water; from these two islands the creator Coyote and his assistant Eagle-man made Indian people and the world.[8] In another, Molok the Condor brought forth his grandson Wek-Wek the Falcon Hero, from within the mountain.[9]
About 25 independent tribal groups with well-defined territories lived in the East Bay countryside surrounding the mountain. Their members spoke dialects of three distinct languages: Ohlone, Bay Miwok, and Northern Valley Yokuts.[10] The Chochenyo-speaking Ohlone from Mission San Jose and the East Bay area, called the mountain Tuyshtak, meaning "at the dawn of time". Most of Mount Diablo, including its peak, was within the homeland of the early Volvon (sometimes spelled Wolwon, Bolbon or Bolgon), a Bay Miwok-speaking tribe, and as early as 1811, the mountain was called (in Spanish) "Cerro Alto de los Bolbones" (High Point of the Volvon) or sometimes "Sierra de los Bolgones".[11] The Nisenan of the Sacramento Valley called it Sukkú Jaman, or as Nisenan elder Dalbert Castro once explained, "the place where dogs came from in trade".[12]
A Southern Miwok name was Supemenenu. It has also been suggested that an early Indian name for the mountain is Kawukum or Kahwookum, but there is no evidence to confirm the assertion. According to Indian historian Bev Ortiz and "Save Mount Diablo":[13] "The name "Kahwookum" was made up in 1866—with no real Indian connection—referred to the California Legislature's Committee on Public Morals, and tabled. It resurfaced as a real estate gimmick in 1916 with a supposed new translation, "Laughing Mountain", attributed without documentation to Diablo area Volvon Indians.[14]
The conventional view is that the peak derives its name from the 1805 escape of several Chupcan Native Americans from the Spanish in a nearby willow thicket. The natives seemed to disappear, and the Spanish soldiers thus gave the area the name "Monte del Diablo", meaning "thicket of the devil." Monte was later misinterpreted by English speakers as mount or mountain.[15]
General Mariano G. Vallejo, in an 1850 report to the California State legislature, gave this much romanticized story of the derivation of the name of Mount Diablo from its Spanish to Anglo form, related to the mountain and an evil spirit. Vallejo's report could be interpreted to align with Gudde's account. (Kyle, and Ortiz)[8][16]
This name was later applied to Salvio Pacheco's Rancho Monte del Diablo, the present-day site of the city of Concord. The name's origin was misinterpreted by English-speaking newcomers to refer to the mountain rather than the settlement.[14]
The name Monte del Diablo ('Mount of the Devil') appears on the "Plano topográfico de la Misión de San José" about 1824, where there was an Indian settlement at the approximate site of the present town of Concord {Pacheco}. On August 24, 1828, the name was applied to the Monte del Diablo land grant for which Salvio Pacheco had petitioned in 1827.
One attribute that makes the name Mount Diablo appropriate is that the mountain glows red at sunset.[17]
In 2005 Arthur Mijares from the neighboring town of Oakley, petitioned the federal government to change the name of the mountain,[18] claiming it offended his Christian beliefs. Additionally, he claimed that Diablo is a living person, and so is banned under federal law.[19] He initially suggested renaming the mountain Mount Kawukum, and later, Mount Yahweh. Other renaming suggestions by other individuals included Mount Miwok and Mount Ohlone, after local Indian tribal names. Finally he proposed Mount Reagan,[19] but the board rejected it on the grounds that a person must be deceased for five years to have a geographic landmark named after them. Eventually, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names rejected the petitions, saying there was no compelling reason to change the name.
In summer of 2009 Mijares again proposed the name Mount Reagan to the United States Board of Geographic Names because Reagan was now an eligible recipient of a place name.[19] The board gave the Contra Costa County Supervisor's Committee until March 31 to file an opinion. Individual members of the committee have responded that although they respect Reagan, Mount Reagan is not an appropriate name for the historic mountain.[19] Later, the board unanimously voted against renaming the mountain, citing its historical significance.[20]
In 1851 the south peak of the mountain was selected by Colonel Leander Ransom as the initial point — where the Mount Diablo Base and Mount Diablo Meridian lines intersect — for cadastral surveys of a large area. Subsequent surveys in much of California, Nevada and Oregon were located with reference to this point. Toll roads up the mountain were created in 1874 by Joseph Seavey Hall and William Camron (sometimes "Cameron"); Hall's Mount Diablo Summit Road was officially opened on May 2, 1874. Camron's "Green Valley" road opened later. Hall also built the 16-room Mountain House Hotel near the junction of the two roads, a mile below the summit (2,500 foot elevation, operated through the 1880s, abandoned 1895, burned c. 1901). As far north as Meridian Road, on the outskirts of Chico, California, the summit was used as a reference point. The road is colinear with the summit, and is named for the meridian which intersects it.
An aerial navigation beacon, the Standard Diablo tower was erected by Standard Oil at the summit in 1928.[21] The 10-million-candlepower beacon[22] became known as the "Eye of Diablo" and was visible for a hundred miles.[8]
After initial legislation in 1921, the state of California acquired enough land in 1931 to create a small state park around the peak. Many improvements were carried out in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps but park expansion slowed in the 1940s through the 1960s. Significantly, botanist Mary Leolin Bowerman (1908–2005), founder of Save Mount Diablo in 1971, published her Ph.D. dissertation in 1936 at the University of California, Berkeley and then in 1944 the book, The Flowering Plants and Ferns of Mount Diablo, California. Her study boundaries became the basis for the state park's first map and for the park's eventual expansion, as well as the origin of many of the park's place names.[8]
In 1954 KOVR erected its television transmitter tower on the mountain. One of the workers involved in the project said that parts of the tower were trucked up to the summit and assembled there. Based in Stockton, the station eventually became affiliated with ABC and was known for its popular "Toonytown" program hosted by Art Finley. With the completion of the mammoth television tower near Walnut Grove, KOVR moved its transmitter there and later relocated its studios to Sacramento.
This initial park has been greatly expanded over the years. Soon after Earth Day in 1971 the nonprofit organization "Save Mount Diablo"[23] was created by co-founders Mary Bowerman and Art Bonwell, barely ahead of real estate developers. At the time, the state park included just 6,788 acres (2,747 ha) and was the only park in the vicinity of the mountain. In 2007 the state park totaled almost 20,000 acres (8,100 ha), and with 38 parks and preserves on and around the mountain, Diablo's public lands total more than 90,000 acres (36,000 ha). According to Save Mount Diablo there are actually 50 individual preserves on and around Mount Diablo, some conservation easements covering a single parcel, others expected to eventually be absorbed into larger nearby parks; as of December 2007, the organization recognizes 38 specific Diablo parks and preserves. The State Park adjoins park lands of the Concord Naval Weapons Station (now in the process of being converted to non military use), Indian Valley, Shell Ridge Open Space and Lime Ridge Open Spaces near city of Walnut Creek, and east to the Los Vaqueros Reservoir watershed, The new Cowell Ranch State Park, and Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve, are among the open spaces stretching back to the north. In this way the open spaces controlled by cities, the East Bay Regional Park District, Mount Diablo State Park, and various regional preserves now adjoin and protect much of the elevated regions of the mountain, with significant exceptions in Arroyo del cerro, Curry Canyon, the Marsh creek region and on the northern slopes of North Peak, and in a number of inholdings surrounded by preserve land.
Park expansion continues on all sides of the mountain although its western boundaries are largely complete. Extensive development continues in the southwestern foothills and Tassajara region, such as the upscale development of Blackhawk and individual estates overlooking the Livermore Valley on Morgan Territory Road. Other large projects are proposed in the northern Black Diamond Mines and Los Medanos foothills, at the Concord Naval Weapons Station, and near Cowell Ranch State Park. Large scale development of other private parcels is restricted by city and county urban limit lines, by lack of water, excessive slope and sensitive resources including rare species. Smaller ranchette subdivisions continue to fragment and threaten many parcels and large areas of habitat.
In 2007 Save Mount Diablo published Mount Diablo, Los Vaqueros & Surrounding Parks, Featuring the Diablo Trail, the most accurate and up-to-date map of Mount Diablo's more than 90,000 acres (36,000 ha) of protected lands, including 100 access points, 520 miles (840 km) of trail and 400 miles (640 km) of private fire roads. Updated acreages and trail mileages were discussed in accompanying press materials and news articles.[24]
Mount Diablo is a geologic anomaly about 30 miles (50 km) east of San Francisco. The mountain is the result of geologic compression and uplift caused by the movements of the Earth's plates. The mountain lies between converging earthquake faults and continues to grow slowly. While the principal faults in the region are of the strike-slip type, a significant thrust fault (with no surface trace) is found on the mountain's southwest flank. The uplift and subsequent weathering and erosion have exposed ancient oceanic Jurassic and Cretaceous age rocks that now form the summit. The mountain grows from three to five millimeters each year.
The upper portion of the mountain is made up of volcanic and sedimentary deposits of what once was one or more island arcs of the Pacific Plate dating back to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, between 90 and 190 million years ago. During this time, the Pacific Plate was subducting beneath the North American continent. These deposits were scraped off the top and accreted onto the North American Plate. This resulted in the highly distorted and fractured basalt and serpentine of the Mount Diablo Ophiolite and metasediments of the Franciscan complex around the summit. East of the subduction zone, a basin was filling with sediment from the ancestral Sierra further to the east. Up to 60,000 feet (18,000 m) of sandstone, mudstone, and limestone of the Great Valley Sequence were deposited from 66 to 150 million years ago. These deposits are now found faulted against the Ophiolite and Franciscan deposits.
The summit area of Mount Diablo is made up of deposits of gray sandstone (graywacke), chert, oceanic volcanic basalts (greenstone) and a minor amount of shale. The hard red Franciscan chert is sedimentary in origin and rich in microscopic radiolaria fossils and seashells. In the western foothills of the mountain there are large deposits of younger sandstone rocks also rich in seashells, severely tilted and in places forming dramatic ridgelines. Mount Diablo is a double pyramid and some say it resembles a volcano (which it isn't).
Deposits of glassmaking-grade sand and lower-quality coal north of the mountain were mined in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but are now open to visitors as the Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve. Guided tours of the sand mines and coal field are provided.
The park's vegetation is mixed oak woodland and savannah and open grassland with extensive areas of chaparral and a number of endemic plant species, such as the Mount Diablo manzanita (Arctostaphylos auriculata), Mount Diablo fairy-lantern (Calochortus pulchellus), chaparral bellflower (Campanula exigua), Mount Diablo bird's beak (Cordylanthus nidularius), and Mount Diablo sunflower (Helianthella castanea). The park includes substantial thickets, isolated examples, and mixed ground cover of western poison oak. (It is best to learn the characteristics of this shrub and its toxin before hiking on narrow trails through brush and to be aware that it can be bare of leaves (but toxic to contact) in the winter.)
At higher altitudes and on north slopes is the widely distributed foothill pine (Pinus sabiniana). Knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata) may be found along Knobcone Pine Road in the southern part of the park. The park and nearby Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve mark the northern extreme of the range of Coulter pine (Pinus coulteri). This species may be seen along the Coulter Pine Trail near the north (Mitchell Canyon) entrance.
In 2005 the endangered species Mount Diablo buckwheat (Eriogonum truncatum), thought to be extinct since last seen in 1936, was rediscovered in a remote area of the mountain.
All vegetation, minerals and wildlife within the park are protected and it is illegal to remove such items or to harass any wildlife.
Commonly seen animals include coyote, bobcat, black-tailed deer, California ground squirrels, fox squirrels and grey foxes; many other mammals including mountain lions are present. It is a chief remaining refuge for the threatened Alameda whipsnake, California red-legged frog. Less common wildlife species include the reintroduced peregrine falcon, ringtail cats, and to the east American badgers, San Joaquin kit fox, roadrunners, California tiger salamander, and burrowing owls. There are also exotic (non-native) animals such as the red fox and opossum, the latter being North America's only marsupial.
In September and October male tarantula spiders can be seen (Aphonopelma smithi) as they seek a mate. These spiders are harmless unless severely provoked, and their bite is only as bad as a bee sting. More dangerous are black widow spiders, far less likely to be encountered in the open.
In the wintertime, between November and February, bald eagles and golden eagles are present. These birds are less easily seen than many raptors; golden eagles, particularly, fly at high elevations. Mount Diablo is part of the Altamont Area/Diablo Range, which enjoys the largest concentration of golden eagles anywhere. In recent years there have been credible sightings of California condors, which have been reintroduced at Pinnacles National Park, located to the south in the Gilroy-Hollister area.
Of special note as potential hazards are Northern Pacific rattlesnake. While generally shy and non-threatening, one should be observant and cautious of where one steps to avoid accidentally disturbing one. They are often found warming themselves in the open (as on trails and ledges) on cool, sunny days. Other wildlife to avoid include poison oak, hoptree, fleas, ticks and mosquitoes.
There has also been an increase in the mountain lion population in the larger region and one should know how to respond if these animals are encountered. Please see the mountain lion safety tips in the Mountain lion article.
Entrance stations are located at the end of Northgate Road (in Walnut Creek) and Diablo Road (in Danville). The Danville entrance is also known as Southgate. If the entrance stations are not operating, park fees may be paid at the junction ranger station, where the two roads join.
From here the road reaches the summit of the mountain, where there is a visitors center housing an observation deck and natural history exhibits. From the elevation of the lower lot the Mary Bowerman Trail is a level wheelchair-accessible path and boardwalk with interpretive stations that extends part way around the mountain; a regular single track trail completes the loop.[25] There are 520 miles (840 km) of hiking and equestrian trails, some available for mountain biking.
Camping facilities are available within the park. There are numerous picnic sites. Pets are restricted and require proper documentation for rabies (not just a tag). Daytime visitors must exit the park by sunset except for special events. Some picnic spots may be reserved but most are available without reservation.
Alcohol is strictly forbidden in the park. Fires are allowed only during the wet season (generally December through April), and only in sanctioned fire pits. The park may be closed on windy days during the dry season due to extremely hazardous fire conditions.
Two additional entrances with parking for hikers are provided on the northwest side of the park at Mitchell Canyon and Donner Canyon. Mitchell Canyon provides easy access to Black Point and Eagle Peak. Donner Canyon provides hikers access to Eagle Peak, Mount Olympia, North Peak, and the popular Falls Trail, which features several seasonal waterfalls.
The National Weather Service maintains a weather station at Mount Diablo Junction, 2,170 feet (661 m) above sea level. The warmest month at the station is July with an average high of 85.2 °F (29.5 °C) and an average low of 59.6 °F (15.3 °C). The coolest month is January with an average high of 55.6 °F (13.1 °C) and an average low of 39.3° (4.1 °C). The highest temperature recorded there was 111 °F (43.9 °C) on July 15, 1972. The lowest temperature on record was 14 °F (-10 °C) on February 6, 1989, and on December 14, 1990. (The San Francisco Chronicle reported that the temperature dropped to 10 °F (-12.2 °C) at the summit on January 21, 1962.) Temperatures reach 90 °F (32.2 °C) or higher on an average of 36.0 days each year and 100 °F (37.8 °C) or higher on 3.3 days each year. Lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower occur on an average of 15.4 days annually.
Annual precipitation averages 23.96 inches (609 mm). The most precipitation recorded in a month was 13.54 inches (344 mm) in February 1998. The greatest 24-hour precipitation was 5.02 inches (128 mm) on January 21, 1972. The average annual days with measurable precipitation is 65.3 days.
Snowfall at Mount Diablo Junction averages 1.2 inches (30 mm) each year. Prior to 2009, the most snowfall observed in a month was 17.0 inches (430 mm) in April 1975; that same month saw 6.0 inches (150 mm) in one day (April 4, 1975). The greatest snow depth was 3.0 inches (76 mm) on January 27, 1972. Measurable snowfall does not occur every year, so the annual average days with measurable snowfall is only .5 days. Snow is more common in the upper reaches of the mountain. On December 7, 2009 Mount Diablo received a rare snow event of 18.0 inches (460 mm), receiving more in one day than what it normally receives in one year.[26]
It is important to note that the weather station is positioned at only about 55 percent of the mountain's height, and temperature and snow levels are notably different at the upper reaches of the mountain, where more snow and lower temperatures may have occurred, but simply have not been recorded. Nearby Bay Area mountains, like Mount Hamilton, have their weather stations virtually at the maximum height of the mountain. This is why recorded snow levels on Mount Hamilton are much higher than the ones recorded at Mount Diablo Junction, even though the difference in height of Mount Hamilton and Mount Diablo is only about 400 feet (120 m).
Three conditions are measured at the actual summit, however: wind speed, wind direction and temperature; and are available by an automatic telephone voice response system. Recorded information concerning gate open times, road and pet restrictions, and events is available at another number. These numbers are posted at the park website.[27]
Mount Diablo has inspired many artists and writers. Early work centered on exploration, surveying and was related to the rise and popularization of tourism in the Pacific west. Themes were suggested and heightened by early tourism promoters, the beginnings of the area's preservation and the rise of the environmental movement. The focus was accelerated by artists associated with the University of California, Berkeley, the California College of Arts, the actions of the organizations Save Mount Diablo and the Mount Diablo Interpretive Association, and area art centers, galleries, and museums. In modern times Mount Diablo art has been most strongly represented in plein aire painting, especially the group Artists for Action, and photography.
Representative work includes books and articles by classical writers such as William Brewer, Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Alexandre Dumas, père, Bret Harte, and the Reverend Thomas Starr King, and modern ones such as Mark Allen Cunningham. Poets whose work features the mountain include Philip Lamantia, Andrew Schelling, and Helen Pinkerton.
Early painters include Thomas Almond Ayres, Eugene Camerer, W. H. Dougal, Eduard Hildebrandt, Charles Hittell, Edward Jump, William Keith, John Ross Key, Charles Koppel, Edward Lehman, Pascal Loomis, Henry Miller, Joseph Warren Revere, through Clarkson Dye and others, to modern painters such as Robert Becker, Frank J. Bette, Ruth Breve, Betty Boggess Lathrap, Paul Carey, Bob Chapla, Mary Lou Correia, Ellen Curtis, Pam Della, Susan Dennis, Warren Dreher, John Finger, Pam Glover, JoAnn Hanna, Peg Humphreys, Don Irwin, Jeanne Kapp, Geri Keary, Chris Kent, Paul Kratter, Eunice Kritscher, Fred Martin, Cathy Moloney, Shirley Nootbaar, Charlotte Panton, Greg Piatt, Kenneth Potter, Robin Purcell, Ocean Quigley, Don Reich, Mary Silverwood, Barbara Stanton, Bruce Stangeland, Marty Stanley, and even the recognized comic book painter Dan Brereton.
Photographers include Ansel Adams, Cleet Carlton, Alfred A. Hart, Scott Hein, Stephen Joseph, Don Paulson, Brad Perks, Robert Picker, Richard Rollins, David Sanger, Michael Sewell and Bob Walker.
The mountain has inspired musical artists ranging from the Kronos Quartet to commissioned works by the California Symphony.
The mountain's name is the source for the "Devils" part of the name of the Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps, a 17 time Drum Corps International world champion corps, founded and based in Concord, California since 1957.
David Brevik, head of Blizzard North, got the idea for the name of the Diablo game franchise from Mt. Diablo while living nearby.[28]
Mount Diablo has been the home of a number of famous residents.
James "Grizzly" Adams was a frequent visitor and resident on Mount Diablo in the mid-1850s.[29]
Robert Walter "Bob" Jones, the first professional baseball player from Contra Costa County, was born in the "Jones House" in Irish Canyon in 1889, a current acquisition project of Save Mount Diablo.
The Mount Diablo Ranch, or Diablo Ranch, was successively owned by Robert Noble Burgess (b. 1878 - d. 1965), who founded the community of Diablo and built the mountain's first auto roads, and millionaire Walter Paul Frick (aka W.P. Frick, b. 1875 - d. 1937), who lived in Diablo and was important in the creation of the State Park in 1931, including sale of six of the first seven parcels for the new park.
Jazz pianist Dave Brubeck grew up on Brubeck Ranch near the park's Northgate entrance.
The area for the 6,500-acre (2,630 ha) Blackhawk Farm, including the mountain's southern Black Hills, was acquired from Burgess and created by Ansel Mills Easton, the namesake uncle of photographer Ansel Adams. Eventually nearly two-thirds of the farm was added to Mount Diablo State Park. The remainder was developed as the community of Blackhawk by resident developer Ken Behring.
Mount Diablo has long been the site of numerous reports pertaining to cryptozoology, hauntings, mysterious lights, and various other Fortean phenomena (it is rumored that the name "Mount Diablo" is derived from the propensity for such weird events to be alleged at, or in the immediate vicinity, of the mountain). Phantom black "panthers" are seen with unusual frequency on the slopes of the mountain, as well as at the "Devil's Hole" region of the Las Trampas Regional Wilderness. As early as 1806, General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo reported an encounter with a flying, spectral apparition, while engaged in military operations against the Bolgones band of the Bay Miwok tribe. In 1873, a live frog was said to be found within a slab of limestone at a mine on Mount Diablo.[30]
Each Fall the male tarantulas of Mt. Diablo emerge from their burrows to seek mates. The Mt. Diablo Interpretive Association offers guided hikes to observe the migration.[31] The "March of the Tarantulas" can begin as early as August [32] and last through October.
Every year on December 7 the aircraft beacon atop the summit building is illuminated from sunset to dawn. A ceremony memorializing the attack on Pearl Harbor on this day in 1941 is held at the summit, with some of the few remaining survivors who are present. The public is welcome and visitors on this day should enter the park before 4:00 PM. General parking will be at the lower lot on these days, with a short uphill walk by trail or road to the summit. Visitors may leave later than usual — this is one of the few opportunities to view the sunset from the peak, weather permitting, without an overnight stay.
Under cloudless conditions, more interesting than the sunset itself is the view of the progression of the mountain's shadow across the California Central Valley to the distant Sierra Nevada, finally appearing for a few moments above the horizon as a shadow in the post-sunset sky glow.
In April 1946, an Army C-45 transport plane crashed on the north side of the mountain, killing the pilot and co-pilot.[33]
Save Mount Diablo sponsors many spring and fall schedules of events on the mountain, Spring on Diablo and Autumn on Diablo, as well as many other special events, including its anniversary event, Moonlight on the Mountain; Four Days Diablo, a trip on the Diablo Trail; the Mount Diablo Challenge, an annual hill climb to the summit with more than 1,100 cyclists each October; and the Mount Diablo Trail Adventure, combined 10k and half-marathon hikes and runs.
The park is popular in winter, when Bay Area residents can enjoy the rare experience of snowfall on the mountain. Snow occurs from the lower reaches of the park all the way to the peak, as was the case in February 2001 and February and March 2006. On Friday, March 10, 2006, an extremely cold storm moved into the region from the Gulf of Alaska, and noticeable amounts of snow fell in all regions of the Bay Area above 500 feet (152 m). The summit of the mountain received around six inches (15 cm) of snow at its peak, and the access roads were closed to automobiles at the 3,000 feet (914 m) mark due to the hazardous icy conditions above.
Occasionally there will be public access to astronomical observations made by a local astronomy club. This club was allocated a small parcel on the mountain and developed a permanent observatory at this location. The observatory has a computer-controlled telescope with a CCD camera.[34]
The Mount Diablo Challenge is a bicycle race held annually on the first Sunday in October and benefiting non-profit, Save Mount Diablo's land preservation programs. The race begins at the Athenian School at the base of the mountain and climbs 3,249 feet (990.3 m) in 10.8 miles (17.4 km). The race typically draws between 800 and 1,100 riders each year who compete in a mass-start format. Bicycle riders of every age and ability are represented in the diverse field, from weekend enthusiasts to top professionals. Prizes are typically awarded to the top overall male and female finishers, along with several age-specific categories. The most coveted prize is the special "One-Hour" T-shirts, awarded to those who finish the climb in less than one hour.
The course record for the Mount Diablo climb currently stands at 43 minutes, 33 seconds, set on October 5, 2008, by Nate English (ZteaM) 4 days after breaking his thumb in a bike accident.[35] He broke the 44 minutes, 58 seconds record, set in 2004 by former professional cyclist Greg Drake (Webcor Cycling Team) of Redwood City, California.[36] The previous course record was set by former professional cyclist Mike Engleman (Coors Light Pro Cycling Team) in 1990 with a time of 45 minutes, 20 seconds.
The fastest woman's time recorded at the Mount Diablo climb was set in 2012 by Flavia Oliveira (48 minutes, 13 seconds).
Outside of the actual Mt Diablo Challenge each October, the climb is one of the more popular uploaded to Strava, with over 11000 attempts recorded as of mid 2014. The top 10 times listed there are all from the Tour of California, which has used Mt Diablo as a stage several times. The fastest time (41:39) as of July 2014 is held by professional Curaçaoan cyclist Marc de Maar set in May 2013.[37]
The popular PC video game series Diablo was named after the mountain after one of the co-founders of Blizzard North, David Brevik, grew up in the area.[38]
Mount Chiliad, the mountain featured in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, is based on Mount Diablo. The mountain reappears in Grand Theft Auto V, but is likely based on a different mountain due to its Southern Californian setting.
Mount Diablo is also used in the Rick Riordan book The Lost Hero as the home of the giant Enceladus.
Mount Diablo is referenced in the title and lyrics of the song "Mt. Diablo" by the pop-punk band The Story So Far.
Mount Diablo is very viewable from many places in California from the foothills in The Sierra, to local vantage points. One local vantage point is Pleasant Hill's Dinosaur Hill Park.[39]
San Francisco Bay Area, San Jose, California, Arizona, Sacramento, California, Los Angeles
Jurassic, Paleogene, Neogene, Cenozoic, Devonian
Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Israel, Dinosaur
Democratic Party (United States), Republican Party (United States), Clark County, Nevada, Carson City, Nevada, Arizona
Contra Costa County, California, Oakland, California, San Francisco Bay Area, Pleasant Hill, California, San Francisco
Santa Cruz Mountains, California, San Francisco Bay area, Salinas Valley, San Joaquin River
San Francisco, Marin County, California, Richmond, California, Contra Costa County, California, Sonoma County, California
California, Everglades, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, United States Navy
National Register of Historic Places, Historic districts in the United States, East Bay Regional Park District, %s%s, United States


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1. Re: SOLR connectorrareddy Aug 24, 2011 8:12 AM (in response to akhilkg1987)
What is SOLR? I never heard of this data source, can you give more details? If this has source has JDBC driver then you can connect to it using Teiid, if not there are other ways, but all of them require custom coding for your source.
2. Re: SOLR connectorakhilkg1987 Aug 25, 2011 7:05 AM (in response to rareddy)
Hi ramesh,
SOLR is actually an enterprise search platform which we are using to index the data.
Solr is written in Java and runs as a standalone full-text search server within a servlet container such as tomcat and it uses the lucene java search library at its core for full-text indexing and search, and has REST-like HTTP/XML and JSON APIs.
And I was trying to download the connector development kit from http://community.jboss.org/wiki/TeiidConnectorDevelopmentEclipsePlugin but the link there isnt working with my SVN. seems like am getting stuck at every step
3. Re: SOLR connectorakhilkg1987 Sep 23, 2011 9:00 AM (in response to akhilkg1987)
Hi Ramesh,
Am back to this work..
I have following queries:
How is a connector different from translator in teiid?
in examples I found a translator folder and a connector folder too(source\teiid\connectors\sandbox)
How to use yahoo translator example?
Is there any thread/documentation where it has been discussed
I was going through the connector development guide,looking for what do we need to do once the coding part for connector
is done.
There they have mentioned following steps:
-->Creating a Connector Type Definition file that defines the properties required to initialize your
• Identifying the Extension Modules (jars and resources) required for the Connector to run.
• Creating the Connector Archive file to bundle the Connector Type Definition file and the
Extension Modules.
• Importing the Connector Archive file in the Teiid Console.
• Creating a Connector Binding using your Connector Type.
I wish to know do we have to create the above mentioned files for the examples such as yahoo?
4. Re: SOLR connectorakhilkg1987 Sep 23, 2011 9:10 AM (in response to rareddy)
Hi Ramesh,
There is one more thing that I wish to know,when we were working with Metamatrix before teiid,we actually had a SOLR CAF file through which we made the connector(though I was not a part of that process).
We still have that connector for SOLR,but it is for Metamatrix.
Can we use any part of that connector ? and how to ?
5. Re: SOLR connectorrareddy Sep 23, 2011 11:31 AM (in response to akhilkg1987)
First of all the references you made about connector from MetaMatrix Connector (CAF, connector type, extension modules etc..) does NOT apply to Teiid. Please refer to the Teiid documents not MetaMatrix docs for the Translator development.
Metamatrix Connector =~ Teiid Translator + Resource Adapter
Resource Adapter provides the connection semantics only and is defined as JCA resource adapter. We provide base framework to implement a Resource Adapter. Check out example of File resource adapter. These are under projects with name "connector" in them. Defined in -ds.xml file. at runtime.
Translator = Strictly a translation layer between the query engine and resource adapter (source). Translator name is defined inside the VDB.
Now coming to the programing
- Resource adapter is completely different, as I said above you can use File as reference, however you can use your previous code from MM Connector for connection semantics here (if you need a connection, connection pool etc)
- Translator is some what similar to MM's connector, but implements different classes and packed in a simple jar, with jboss-beans.xml file. Once you figure out, you can use lot of code with respect to SQL to lucene conversion, capabilities code as is with minor modifications.
The Yahoo Translator does not have any resource adapter, as resource adpter part is optional, here it makes a direct connection to yahoo.com and does not require a connection pool etc. I suspect your usecase falls into this category. "isSourceRequired" method on ExecutionFactory class determines if a resource adapter supplied or not.
Hope this helps.
6. Re: SOLR connectorakhilkg1987 Sep 26, 2011 7:54 AM (in response to rareddy)
Hi Ramesh,
You are always helpful,no questions on that.
Actually i was referring to
and it is there that I found the steps I mentioned above.
if that doucment isnt the correct one,then am I supposed to follow the following ?
Apart from this,I wanted to know that are Connector-file and translator-file the basic projects showing the structure of a custom connector?
I have imported Connector-ws and translator-ws in a project in JAVA perspective and I dont know what to next..how to use these examples?
I just hope I do not have to write a lot of fresh code for teiid
7. Re: SOLR connectorrareddy Sep 26, 2011 11:27 AM (in response to akhilkg1987)
Well, it depends on which version of the Teiid you are writing Translator to. Teiid 6.0 almost two years old, the tech is between 6.x line and 7.x line is much different. Read though docs, blogs if you need to understand what is all changed.
The current version as of today is 7.5. For that developing a translator for that version, take a look at
Apart from this,I wanted to know that are Connector-file and translator-file the basic projects showing the structure of a custom connector?
Yes, for file based translator. It is a very basic translator.
I have imported Connector-ws and translator-ws in a project in JAVA perspective and I dont know what to next..how to use these examples?
Read, understand and write for the SOLR translator. Once you look though the code deep enough they are not much different from what you currently have. The class names and methods have been moved to different places, but essentially they are doing same functionality as before. If you have specific question I can answer, if there is some thing lacking in the documentation I can fix.
8. Re: SOLR connectorakhilkg1987 Sep 27, 2011 8:09 AM (in response to rareddy)
I have following doubts
1)Do we need to define BASIC-MANAGED-CONNECTION-FACTORY CLASS (this class is inherited in Managedconnectionfactory class)or
I am missing some jar files
2) I do not see connectionfactory class generated by default unlike managed connection factory and other classes.DO I need to
write that separately
I suspect i am missing some jars (may be teiid cdk or something)
and is execution.java in teiid similar to syncQueryExecution in MMX?
I have attached some screenshots of amateur work by me..please tell me if it looks correct..
in this screenshot is it required to give the path to the jar files??
and from where should i download the latest CDK??
too many questions
9. Re: SOLR connectorrareddy Sep 27, 2011 8:33 AM (in response to akhilkg1987)
All the required classes are in
1) teiid-common-core.jar
2) teiid-api.jar
They are in the Teiid deployment (find them in <jboss-as>/server/<profile>/deployers/teiid directory). If you use Maven they are in jboss maven repository. Check out Teiid maven configuration for location. You can find information here http://community.jboss.org/docs/DOC-12955
There is no more CDK. As I mentioned before the eclipse plugin you are using above with screen shots is dated, yet you continued to use it. Of course it does not generate the classes you are looking for and errors are expected.
I advise that, copy of those projects I mentioned before, and start editing them to fit your needs rather than creating a new one.
10. Re: SOLR connectorakhilkg1987 Sep 28, 2011 4:44 AM (in response to rareddy)
hi ramesh,
I thought CDK is a requirement for developing a solr translator and connection adapter.
If that isnt the case,what is the platform that is to be used.Should i use java perspective to edit the yahoo example and put in the code from MMX connector that I already have?
I an unable to find similarity b/w the metamatrix connector abd yahoo,will look into a greater depth..
and if I edit Yahoo example,in the last after all editing is done,how to club it with teiid designer?
11. Re: SOLR connectorrareddy Sep 28, 2011 4:01 PM (in response to akhilkg1987)
I thought CDK is a requirement for developing a solr translator and connection adapter.
If that isnt the case,what is the platform that is to be used.Should i use java perspective to edit the yahoo example and put in the code from MMX connector that I already have?
I am not sure where got that assumption from? It just a eclipse plugin. Yes, you can use java perspective, or even notepad if you are brave enough to use.
and if I edit Yahoo example,in the last after all editing is done,how to club it with teiid designer?
Translator is to deployed into server, not in designer. You build a jar, and drop it in the deploy directory of jboss-as server for deploying.
If you are current customer of MMX, may be you guys can get help from Redhat consulting services.
12. Re: SOLR connectorakhilkg1987 Sep 29, 2011 10:33 AM (in response to rareddy)
Hi Ramesh,
Thanks a lot for reply.
Once we finish with writing the custom translator and pack it as a jar file and we will able to deploy the same in Teiid server.
But we would like to know how to integrate the custom translator in the Teiid Designer/JBDS, so that we can have the custom translator in the teiid designer for creating the CONNECTION PROFILE and DATA SOURCE(which will be required for designer/building the vdb). Or is there any way that we can deploy the vdb(which has source model connecting to the Solr) without having the CONNECTION PROFILE and DATA SOURCE for the custom translator of Solr.
We are stuck up in getting the custom translator in the teiid designer/JBDS. Please help us out.
Thanks & Regards,
13. Re: SOLR connectorrareddy Sep 29, 2011 11:10 AM (in response to akhilkg1987)
You would need to only care about JBDS integration, if only if you care to preview this stuff in the eclipse environment. If you do not care about that then there is no need for that integration.
Once you deploy the translator in the server, translator is automatically available in the JBDS. A resource-adapter is not. A resource adapter is a JCA component, and it can not be deployed inside a eclipse environment as Eclipse does not support nor it has a container to manage JCA based connections. So, connection eclipse needs to be a custom connection-profile, which is way beyond scope of this thread. If you are not looking to import metadata from this source, then I do not think you need that either.
Let's say once you model your vdb, in the vdb panel, it only asks you to enter the translator name and jndi-name of the source. Then create a source in jboss-as with the given JNDI name to the SOLR source with the resource adapter you developed and then deploy the VDB, and query.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
In What Am I Supposed to Do with My Life, Johnnie Moore explored the critical keys to discovering God's will for your life and staying committed to the call. Moore revealed that there is an intense battle going on between your will for your life and God's desire and will for your life. Most of us want to know God's entire will for our life but God doesn't let us see the whole big picture. It's extremely important to realize that we must trust God and walk in faith. Moore shared the painful truth that the majority of us wait too much on God sending a sign from Heaven where we know what His will is for us. When God is really waiting on us to get moving and accomplish God's will for our lives. Throughout the book, Johnnie Moore looked at the life of Paul and how he followed God and completed his destiny. Paul traveled to countless places in the Roman Empire to preach the Gospel and he didn't stop and pray for numerous days seeking where to travel next and asking for a neon sign on where to go next. He kept moving until God commanded that he stopped.
I would recommend this incredible book to anyone who is waiting to hear from God and they desperately are striving to figure out God's will for their lives. This book will turn the reader's whole entire scope on waiting on God to answer and give them a sign. Instead it will motivate readers to get moving in a direction and listening to God's leading and using wisdom, scripture, and prayer along their journey. One of the strongest lessons this book taught me was the importance of being committed especially in today's times. He has discovered that many people struggle with staying in one place for a long period of time. A lot of people like to change relationship partners, friendships, careers, and churches like it's nothing. Commitment would dramatically change if we were committed to the call! I liked that he included a chapter filled with five steps to assist readers in becoming more committed. If you're seeking a book to assist you in following God's will for your life, then read this book!
"I received this book free from the publisher through the BookLook Bloggers book review bloggers program."
If you would like to purchase a copy of What Am I Supposed to Do with My Life, check it out on Amazon.com:


text:
Ryan asked:
I often hear that a real programmer can easily learn any language within a week. Languages are just tools for getting things done, I'm told. Programming is the ultimate skill that must be learned and mastered.
But how can I make sure that I'm actually learning how to program rather than simply learning the details of a language? And how can I develop programming skills that can be applied towards all languages instead of just one?
See the full, original question here.
Transcend language
MichaelT answers (44 votes):
The key to this question is to transcend the language and think in not the language you are coding in.
Experienced polyglot programmers think in the abstract syntax tree (AST) of their own mental model of the language. One doesn't think "I need a for loop here," but rather "I need to loop over something" and translates to that to the appropriate for, or while, or iterator, or recursion for that language.
This is similar to what one sees in learning a spoken language. People who speak many languages fluently think the meaning, and it comes out in a given language.
One can see some clue of this AST in the pair of eyetracking videos Code Comprehension with Eye Tracking and Eye-Tracking Code Experiment (Novice) where the movements of the eye of a beginner and experienced programmer are watched. One can see the experienced programer "compile" the code into their mental model and "run" it in their head, while the beginner has to iterate over the code keyword by keyword.
Thus, the key to the question of developing programming skills to apply to all languages is to learn multiple languages so that one can distance themselves from having the mental model of one language and develop the ability to generate the AST for a problem on their own in a head language that is then translated to a given language.
Once one has this ability to use the AST in the head, learning another language within a similar school of thought (going to Befunge is a bit of a jump from Java, but not as much from Forth) becomes much easier—it's 'just' translating the AST to a new language which is much easier the 3rd, 4th, and 5th (etc...) time it's done.
There is a classic article, "Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal." Part of this reads:
... the determined Real Programmer can write Fortran programs in any language.
There are also bits for which you can't just use the mental AST—you need to think in the language too. This takes a bit of time to accomplish. (I'm still accused of writing Perl code in Python and my first Lisp code was reviewed saying "This is a very good C program.")
To this, I must point out an article published by the ACM, "How Not to Write Fortran in Any Language." The third paragraph of the article (that isn't leading quotes) directly addresses the question at hand:
There are characteristics of good coding that transcend all general-purpose programming languages. You can implement good design and transparent style in almost any code, if you apply yourself to it. Just because a programming language allows you to write bad code doesn't mean that you have to do it. And a programming language that has been engineered to promote good style and design can still be used to write terrible code if the coder is sufficiently creative. You can drown in a bathtub with an inch of water in it, and you can easily write a completely unreadable and unmaintainable program in a language with no gotos or line numbers, with exception handling and generic types and garbage collection. Whether you're writing Fortran or Java, C++ or Smalltalk, you can (and should) choose to write good code instead of bad code.
It isn't just enough to have the AST—it's necessary to have the AST that one can translate into other languages. Having a Fortran AST in your head and writing Fortran code in Java isn't a good thing. One must also be familiar enough with the language and its idioms to be able to think in the language (despite what I said at the very top).
I've seen Java code written by someone who hadn't stopped writing C code. There was one object with a main method. In this object were a bunch of static methods called by
main, and private inner classes that had public fields (and thus looked a lot like struts). It was C code written in Java. All that was done was translating the syntax of one language to another.
To get past this point, one needs to continue to write code in multiple languages, not think in those languages when designing the code, but think in them when translating the design into the code to work with the language idioms correctly.
The only way to get there—being able to develop programming skills that can be applied to all languages—is to continue to learn languages and keep that mental programing language flexible rather than linked to one language.
(My apologies to ChaosPandion for borrowing heavily from the idea he presented.)
Related: "How do you tell if advice from a senior developer is bad advice?"
A fool's errand
Jimmy Hoffa answers (80 votes):
Don't worry about meeting some ridiculous concept of "skill" so commonly heard in such statements like:
- All programming languages are basically the same.
- Once you pick up one language well you can pick up any other language quickly and easily.
- Languages are just tools, there's some overarching brain-magic that actually makes the software.
These statements are all based on a flawed premise and betray a lack of experience across a broader spectrum of programming languages. They are very common statements and strongly believed by a great swath of programmers, I won't dispute that, but I will dispute their accuracy.
This is proved simply: Spend one week (or really any amount of time greater than a couple days) trying to learn the fundamentals of Haskell, Prolog, or Agda. You will soon after start hearing the old Sesame Street song play in your head "One of these things is not like the others..."
As it turns out, there is a whole swath of programming languages, techniques, and approaches which are so foreign from what 95 percent of us do or have ever done. Many programmers are completely unaware that any of these other concepts even exist, which is fine. These concepts aren't necessary to be an employed and even effective programmer.
But the fact remains: These techniques and approaches do exist, they are good for many different things and can be very useful, but they are not just like what you're used to and people cannot simply pick them up with an afternoon of fiddling.
Furthermore, I would say the majority of cases where people claim they have or can learn such complex things as programming languages so quickly as a week, they are suffering from a bit of Dunning Kruger Effect, which Wikipedia describes below (emphasis mine):
The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which unskilled individuals suffer from illusory superiority, mistakenly rating their ability much higher than average. This bias is attributed to a metacognitive inability of the unskilled to recognize their mistakes.
I would refer people to this more experienced perview on the concept of learning to program by Peter Norvig: Learn to program in ten years.
Researchers (Bloom (1985), Bryan & Harter (1899), Hayes (1989), Simmon & Chase (1973)) have shown it takes about ten years to develop expertise in any of a wide variety of areas, including chess playing, music composition, telegraph operation, painting, piano playing, swimming, tennis, and research in neuropsychology and topology. The key is deliberative practice: not just doing it again and again, but challenging yourself with a task that is just beyond your current ability, trying it, analyzing your performance while and after doing it, and correcting any mistakes. Then repeat. And repeat again.
Surely, there is a set of overarching principles that will make all languages easy to learn!
Perhaps, but I would argue this set of principles is so large that there will almost always be languages outside of your one-week reach. As you add new concepts to the list you're familiar and comfortable with, this list of languages outside your immediate reach may shrink, but I have a hard time believing it will ever go away. The list of conceptual computing approaches to things is so broad it's baffling, from concatenative languages to vector based languages to languages specializing in AI or metaprogramming (or languages which exist entirely to support regular expressions).
After ten years you will be able to generally program. This means you can write somewhat decent code in some language or style of languages. So after 10 years you are ready to start tackling these countless broad cross-cutting concepts for the rest of your life, and short of being Edsger W. Dijkstra, Donald Knuth, or John D. Carmack, you're not going to get to all of them.
This is programming
jmoreno answers (1 vote):
I'm not going to address how long it takes to learn a language or what it means to learn a language, instead I'm going to address your actual problem: how to determine if you have learned to program or have learned a programming language.
You've learned to program if you have learned to break a problem down into discrete processes and then use those processes to solve your problem. You've learned a programming language if you've learned the syntax of a language and know how to adjust how a process works, when implemented in that language.
This is not to say you should program in Fortan when using Lisp or add up the values of a column in a table in a db using a cursor. Just that the language is an implementation detail. One that can change what processes are needed, but not the need for identifying and creating processes—in the end there is a real world implementation, with input/output and desired results.
Find more answers or leave your own answer at the original post. See more Q&A like this at Programmers, a question and answer site for professional programmers interested in conceptual questions about software development. If you've got your own programming problem that requires a solution, log in to Programmers and ask a question (it's free).


text:
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Using a selection of well-chosen eating aids and drinking aids not only encourages independent living, it can also improve overall quality of life through confidence boosting and mental wellbeing.
Additionally, many of today's easy-to-use kitchen aids are well designed and attractive for the modern kitchen.


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Francois Zaninotto submitted a tutorial he's written up about creating a YAML validation script with PHP.
As of today, there is no simple way to validate the syntax of a YAML file in PHP. But with two simple tricks, it takes only a few dozens of lines of code to build a robust validator capable of checking the syntax of any YAML file against a given schema.
He points out that Ruby has a tool for this (kwalify) but PHP doesn't. He creates his own with the help of the sfYaml component from the symfony framework, translating the YAML data into something PHP can parse more easily - XML. He passes this through an XSL parser and uses the DOM XML schemaValidate function to check it against the given schema.


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Proposals A-Z
Participating librarians and scholars provide information here about collections, archives and data sets of interest to area and international studies (AIS) research, propose preservation of those collections and the creation of new digital resources from data sets, and vote on the merits of those proposals. Community input provided here informs and guides the building of new AIS resources.
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8 Mārs = Thamāniyat Mārs
Preservation on microfilm of existing issues of short lived monthly Moroccan women periodical published in Casablanca 1983-1986.
Addis Zemen
Pro government newspaper founded by Haile Selassie in 1941. Its name refers to the liberation of Ethiopia after Italian occupation. The Sunday issue provides news about children and cultural activities.
Afghan Jihadist Journals
English-language magazines published by Afghan resistance to Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, 1982-1991. Titles include:
The Mujahideen monthly
Mirror of jehad : the voice of Afghan mujahideen
African Newspapers 1986-2015 Library of Congress - Nairobi
Library of Congress, Nairobi Office proposes for microfilming a collection of 96 African newspaper titles from 1986-2015 with an estimated 58,003 pages. Countries covered include Burundi, Comoros, Congo (Democratic Republic), Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, and Rwanda. The collection covers varied topics including business, politics, leisure and economics news that would greatly inform the intellectual debates of the period covered.
African Newspapers from CRL and the British Library
Selected newspapers published in sub-Saharan Africa between 1800 and 1922, microfilmed and held by the British Library.
Arquivos Femininos de CPDOC
Proposal of Partnership between Fundação Getulio Vargas and the Center for Research Libraries to digitize CPDOC's feminine collection under the Global Collections Initiative.
The debate on women's role in the public life is becoming ever more relevant. Recent studies have registered the impact of women's votes in the 2018 election in Brazil, specially showing that, for the first time in Brazilian history, men and women have different voting intentions. The feminist agenda has spread and it has been a crucial part of thinking about the country's current situation, with the popularization of feminism and the realization that it is impossible to go back on women's rights that have already been gained.
The increasing political participation...
Baja California Human Rights Commission Archives Case Digitization
After a successful pilot during the summer of 2017, the University of San Diego (USD) - Copley Library will digitize the case backlog on the Fall 2020/Spring 2021 destruction schedule. Cases go as far back as the 1990s before there was a Comisión Estatal de los Derechos Humanos de Baja California (CEDH). These cases hold information on the types of abuses that were filed during that time along the Baja California/California border. The data in these cases, many of which were terminated, closed or dismissed before full investigations were completed, will provide a snapshot of the region for border scholars and historians alike. The goal of this project is to eventually make all of these older cases available for research and data mining online via DigitalUSD, USD...
Bangkok Post Weekly Review
The Bangkok Post is the oldest, national English-language daily published in Thailand since 1946. It was founded by Alexander MacDonald who was an American ex-navy lieutenant. It covers local and global news on all topics. It is still a very popular English newspaper read by educated Thais and foreigners in Thailand. The Bangkok Post Weekly Review summarizes weekly political, business and social news reported by The Bangkok Post.
This Moroccan newspaper was established in 1971. It is the media outlet of the Party of Progress and Socialism.
Benson Collection of Serials on Microform
Microfilmed collection of 600 serials from across Latin America, from the Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection, including government publications and other serials published primarily between 1821 and 1982. The rare and endangered titles were originally captured on microfilm during the early1980s through a U.S. Department of Education Title II-C grant. The Benson Library created archival-quality master negatives, but was unable make these accessible until print masters and catalog records could be created. The LAMP effort supported the duplication of film, which included a copy to be held at the Center for Research Libraries, and Texas supported the cataloging of the resources. This eight-year effort added approximately 900 reels of microfilm to LAMP's collection....
Bob Jones Indochina Collection of rare newspapers and serials
Funds are requested to digitize a number of rare serial titles from the Bob Jones Indochina Collection. These materials, collected by Jones while stationed in Saigon during the War, are mostly brittle or in poor condition. Two of the titles are already held by Cornell, and we intend to amalgamate our holdings, digitizing the better volumes from both collections.
Cameroon Newspapers 1997-2018 from the Library of Congress
Library of Congress, Nairobi Office proposes for microfilming through CAMP a collection of 156 Cameroon Newspapers from 1997 to 2018 (approximately 30,236 pages).
Caribbean Archives from Institute of Commonwealth Studies
Caribbean archives and special collections from the University of London's Institute of Commonwealth Studies library: strong holdings on West Indian plantation life and more modern organizational archives such as that of the Caribbean Banana Exporters' Association (ICS 148).
The Florida International University Libraries seek to digitize twenty-nine issues of Carteles, an important Cuban magazine published 1919-1960. The digitized issues will be added to holdings already present in the Digital Library of the Caribbean's Celebrating Cuba! Subsection. Celebrating Cuba! is a recent initiative (2016) established in partnership with the Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí (BNCJM) and a group of US libraries (the dLOC Cuban Collaborative Steering Committee—I am a member). Given the extensive run of available issues of Carteles in US libraries, the BNCJM agreed with the Steering Committee that having US libraries contribute their unique Carteles issues to the dLOC collection will allow the BNCJM to focus on adding...
Central Asian Newspapers from the University of Washington
Ilse Cirtautas, a retired professor specializing in Central Asian languages and retired professor, contributed her large collection of Central Asian materials to the University of Washington Libraries upon her death. After sorting and de-duping, about 2750 newspaper issues remain that need preservation. Most of the newspapers were published between 1968 and 2000, with greater concentrations in the 1970s and early 1990s. The remaining issues do not duplicate the issues SEEMP microfilmed from the similar collection William Fierman donated to Indiana University, Bloomington. Like Prof. Fierman, Prof. Cirtautas' collection includes Uzbek and Kazakh...
Central Asian Newspapers, Part IV
William Fierman, professor of Central Eurasian Studies at Indiana University, amassed a large collection of newspapers and periodicals from the Central Asian States of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan during the course of his career. He is willing to donate the runs of titles for preservation and academic use.
This collection contains more than 60 newspaper titles from Kazakhstan, 35 from Uzbekistan, and additional titles from Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan.
Conde de Montemar Letters (1761-1799)
This project consists of digitizing the first two boxes (roughly 50 letters) and creating a virtual portal containing the original mages, semi-diplomatic transcriptions, comprehensive metadata scheme, and different historical essays that will contextualize the letters in Andean and Spanish American history.
Critica (Buenos Aires, Argentina : 1913)
Title: Critica (Buenos Aires, Argentina : 1913). Publication: Buenos Aires [Argentina] : [s.n.] Place: Argentina; Buenos Aires. Year: 1913-? Description: Began with Sept. 15, 1913 issue; ceased with Oct. 20, 1963 issue.; volumes : illustrations ; 46-59 cm Language: Spanish Note(s): Reproduction: Microfilm./ Oct. 14,/ 1941-1949:[Gaps]/ Berkeley :/ University of California, Library Photographic Service./ microfilm reels ; 35 mm. OCLC: 213809750
Cuban-American Radionovelas in the Louis J. Boeri and Minin Bujones Collection
160 reel-to-reel audio tapes selected from the Louis J. Boeri and Minín Bujones Collection of Cuban Radionovelas housed at the Latin American Library at Tulane University will be converted from analog to digital format. They will then be hosted on Tulane's Digital Library. These materials are among the more than 9,100 masters of recordings of radio programs produced and broadcasted by America's Production Inc. out of Miami during the 1960s. They constitute a unique research resource that is currently trapped on aging, unstable audio tapes with moderate to severe condition issues and inaccessible due to a lack of functioning playback equipment.
Democratic Republic of Congo newspapers from Northwestern University
Northwestern University Library proposes to arrange for the microfilming through CAMP of about 47,000 pages of two newspapers and a supplement from the Democratic Republic of CongoLa prospérité : journal d'actions pour la démocratie et le dévéloppement (Kinshasa, Congo). La saga (Kinshasa, Congo) – Supplemet to La prospérité. La Référence plus.
While CRL makes every effort to verify statements made herein, the opinions expressed and evaluative information provided here represent the considered viewpoints of individual librarians and specialists at CRL and in the CRL community. They do not necessarily reflect the views of CRL management, its board, and/or its officers.


text: i have found the secret to weathering. (most of you probably already know) but here is what i did: sprayed mettalic silver paint on the armor. then i put scotch blue painters tape on and then painted over the tape. it worked relly well.\r\n\r\n (my custom mando is 60% finished)


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01 September
It was only a three-hour flight to Thessaloniki, but it took forever because we first had to fly from Manchester to London Gatwick, and that flight was very early in the morning. Then we had a three-hour layover before going the rest of the way. We arrived having slept very little the night before, and completely worn out. Plus, we were sad to leave England.
But here we are – in Greece! And suddenly, beginning from the moment we first heard Greek spoken in the airplane, the whole feel of life is different. We love the English feel, too; it's just very different. Just to give you one example, on our way home from the airport, Demetrios and the cab driver were already into a lively political discussion within two minutes. (Today it took five minutes, with a stranger in the street.) The cabbie was upset because driving taxis used to be a closed profession, which means you had to buy a license, and that license cost 200,000 Euros! He bought one, taking out a loan to do so, which he is still paying back. And now the government has decided anyone can set himself up as a taxi driver, no license required, and no fee. So there will be lots of competition, and our cabbie is extremely afraid he will no longer be able to make a living from this job. He's so upset he can't sleep nights.
We immediately ran into a whole spate of minor problems, all of which we have solved. The first one was, our building has a new front door. We knew it would because the work was in progress when we left last year. And a much better looking door it is, too, with lots of glass and, instead of steel, wood that looks like teak . But the new door has a new lock, so our key didn't fit. We rang a couple of buzzers until we found a neighbor who let us in.
The next problem was, we had no electricity. Demetrios discovered that all the fuse switches were turned the wrong way, so that was easy to fix.
There was no water, either. We had of course turned it off before we left, but Demetrios couldn't figure out how to get it back on. We had to find a plumber(!), who came early this morning and took care of it. The water had been turned off from the water utility room downstairs on the ground floor.
Next was how to get HOT water; i.e., how to restart the natural gas. Demetrios solved that by tinkering with the various dials until the water ran hot. Note to self: after opening the valves, you push the switch to R, for "Reset" and then let it snap back into place.
Usually, my brother-in-law, Christos, does all these sorts of thing for us, but as he currently isn't speaking to us (since Demetrios declined to help finance the construction of Christos' third home), we aren't sure if he even knows we're here.
Our neighbor, Yiannis, lent us his key this morning, so we took it and had three copies made before returning it.
We have some Euros from the bank now, and we also have bottled water and milk and bread and butter and jam in the house. We've eaten dinner out both nights, too tired to cook and clean up. Tomorrow I will shop for more groceries.
For the first time ever, the flat here is exactly as I had left it. And I left things in a very particular order, too, so I would definitely know if anybody had cooked on our stove, used our dishes, done laundry in our washer, watched our television, or slept in our bed. Nobody has, for once. (Not that I would mind Christos using our flat if he would leave it more or less as he found it.) The only cleaning needed this time is a thorough wipe-down and floor cleaning; it seems that even our new, double-glazed windows can't keep nine months of dust from building up everywhere.
It's hot and muggy and we're no longer accustomed to that, having used our radiators almost every day all summer in Ormskirk. It has been in the mid-eighties, Fahrenheit. We slept with the air conditioning on.
It's also quieter than we remembered. The subway construction has necessitated making some streets around here one-way, cutting down on the traffic. The excavating equipment, however, the giant drills, are gone, so there isn't that sound, either.
But it's more than that. It's the hard times. You can tell because even the Drunken Duck (bar next door) is reasonably quiet. It has fewer patrons; people are getting drunk at home instead. Don't know if the bar will become louder on weekends.
The nearest vet/pet shop is closed, as is a café that was open last year. Nikoletta, at our favorite mom and pop grocery store, has fewer items in her deli section. Demetrios has heard countless small businesses have gone defunct, their premises up for rent, and not rented because nobody has the money to start up a small business.
I had expected to see more beggars than ever, but so far I've seen fewer, as if they had decided it is no use begging from people who feel they have nothing to give.
The feral cat population is also down this year. The cats we have seen so far seem healthier than some years.
We stopped at our favorite bougatsa place. Bougatsa is layers of paper-thin pastry filled with custard and dusted with powdered sugar and cinnamon. We sat out on the sidewalk to eat it, chatting all the while with the young lady who works there. She remembered us, so that was nice. We asked whatever happened to the cat who used to frequent the place there last year, who had kittens in the store around the corner. She told us Lilitka has been adopted by someone in the north of the city and is now leading a very good life.
Pelagia and George are at their summer house in Halkidiki, together with Mena and Kostas. They telephoned us today to urge us to join them. So, although we were still bone tired, we did like the prospect of their company and I did fancy a dip in the Mediterranean.
Nobody answers the phones at the bus depot. So all we could do was take a cab to the bus depot and inquire there. We arrived just before 3:00, to learn the next bus would depart at 4:00 and arrive at our destination at 6:00. Frankly, that much effort didn't seem worth it, only to stay there a couple of hours and return home in Mena and Kostas' car. So we came home again, this time by bus.
Bus wasn't very crowded, either, as in the past. It was air-conditioned, which most buses were not when we first started coming here in 2005. There's one nice improvement!
We called Mena and explained, then sacked out for a much-needed nap. Mena called back at 5:30 urging us to come even at this late hour, as the party had decided not to return until tomorrow. Any other time, it would have been an offer we couldn't refuse, but today we declined, being too tired to be able to enjoy it. Mena says they are hoping to go back next week, perhaps on Wednesday, so we hope to join them then.
Time for me to call it a day. Must go turn on the air conditioning in the bedroom and close up. I feel so reluctant to close off the world; it's so much fun to open all the doors and windows and watch the world go by from our 5th-floor balcony, and to let it all in, noise and all. I miss other people's cooking aromas, the clinking of glasses and cutlery, the snatches of conversations, the occasional marital row, watching other people's TVs, hearing their music sometimes, hearing the cats yowl, and in general, participating in LIFE all around us! If you close it all out, you close out Greece, and your room could be anywhere in the world. You might just as well have stayed home.
Tomorrow I'm hoping to share with you a beautiful realization Demetrios had about the Mother of God.
P.S.) I forgot to tell you about a cool new gadget we saw in the airport the other day. It was a piece of carry-on luggage with hard sides painted or printed to look like cowhide, with four wheels on one of the long sides – and on the opposite long side was a seat. Upon this seat sat a toddler, crying, "Beep, beep, beep, beep!" all the way along the corridor. Her mother was pulling both the luggage and the little girl. The kid could never have walked that fast, nor otherwise have enjoyed herself so much. Why didn't somebody think of this decades ago?
Tuesday, September 6, 2011
Arriving In Greece
01 September
Posted by Anastasia Theodoridis at 6:08 AM
1 comments:
- margaret said...
Glad you are back safe and glad too for Lilitka. And, btw, bougatsa is one of my favourite things in the world and I don't want my dinner now that I've thought of it!
- September 10, 2011 at 12:27 PM


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A broken bud is a symbol for a premature or untimely death—a life that has ended before it has bloomed.
Most often, the broken bud (most I have seen are roses) is found on the gravestone a child or young adult.
By the way, there is a particularly interesting example of a broken bud posted on Gravely Speaking, a blog by Douglas M. Rife.
Lorain M. Andrews, Mill Creek Cemetery, Delaware County, Ohio
Anna M. Keys, Maple Grove Cemetery, Franklin County, Ohio
Sarah E. Day, Houck Cemetery, Knox County, Ohio
Ada Kennedy, Sunbury Memorial Park, Delaware County, Ohio
Rosa E. and Henrietta H. Adams, Glendale Cemetery, Morrow County, Ohio
Thursday, December 22, 2011
Grave images: Broken bud
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Japan Introduces Motorcycle Powered By Human Poop
Japanese toilet manufacturer TOTO may be sitting on a goldmine in the form of a poop-powered motorcycle. Named the Toilet Bike Neo, the vehicle runs on human excrement that is deposited into an on-bike toilet. The moving port-o-potty communicates to the rider in Japanese using LED lights, plays music, and even talks.
Inhabitant explains how the first real test for the bike is a cross-country journey. The toilet bike will begin "a 100% biogas-fueled journey from Kyushu to Tokyo, making stops along the way to answer questions from the press and spectators." The trip across the nation is also to promote the company's "Green Challenge" of reducing emissions 50% over the next five years.
Even more interesting are the special features on the rolling throne.
Like many of TOTO's actual toilets, the toilet bike can chat to you while you're doing your business on a variety of subjects like fortune-telling, stocks, or even the weather.
Good luck to TOTO in their quest for a greener, cleaner world. Let's hope the bike makes it safe to its final destination and doesn't crap out.


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Step aboard one of three Oasis Class ships — Oasis of the Seas®, Allure of the Seas® or Harmony of the Seas® — and you'll be immersed in a floating city at sea where seven distinctive neighborhoods truly offer something for everyone. Nowhere else in the world can you spend a day strolling a Boardwalk and leafy Central Park, choose between designer shopping or zipping down an enormous waterslide, and dining in a different restaurant every night before taking in a Broadway show.
Choose from seven neighborhoods for endless adventures!
Set sail with the family from Port Canaveral and Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on journeys that encompass the grand allure of the Caribbean Sea, from the western waters of Cozumel, Mexico, to the eastern shores of Basseterre, St. Kitts.


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An advisor called our marketing department recently for a recommendation on a list vendor. The marketing consultant asked the advisor, a gentleman in his 70s, why he wanted to buy a list. "Because my clients are dying, and their kids are taking the assets they inherit to their own advisors," he said.
Retaining assets after a generational transfer is a big gap for most financial planning practices. Eighty-six percent of heirs in global family offices said they intend to fire the advisor used by their parents once they inherited their wealth, according to research conducted in 2009 by Rothstein Kass, an accounting and professional services firm. Younger generations are often unconvinced that their parents' advisors are up to the task of managing their money.
The time to address generational wealth retention for your practice is well before those assets change hands. Getting to know your clients' children better lets you offer planning assistance targeted at their current stage of life and be there as a trusted resource during the asset transition event, hopefully retaining the assets in the process.
The first step is to make sure clients understand that you want to get to know and work with their children. How you do that depends on the age of the children. For clients with children under age 30, a financial education meeting may be appropriate. For older clients with adult children who are closer to inheriting assets, the meeting may be more about communicating the clients' financial decisions to their children. For high-net-worth families, a family governance meeting can help the family sustain substantial wealth over multiple generations.
Whether you focus on one of these approaches or use all three as appropriate for your clients, facilitating a family meeting is a valuable service and should be showcased in your marketing materials, specifically your practice brochure and website.
Meetings focused on communicating financial decisions can be the most sensitive for your clients and their heirs. Parents may be uncomfortable discussing their finances with their kids, particularly when it comes to disposition of their wealth when they die.
As an advisor, you need to help clients understand that their estate will at some point be left to these individuals, and the goal is to make the transfer process as simple as possible. The death of a loved one is one of the most difficult experiences people face in their lifetime, and it is definitely not the best time to deal with financial issues and decisions. Reassure the client that no specific financial or account information will be revealed without his or her direct consent.
For clients who are reluctant or even resistant to having a family meeting, you may need to ask poignant questions that bring a little reality to light.
- How long do you think it will take for your children to figure out where your checking and savings accounts are so that they can access them to pay for your funeral?
- How long do you think it will take for your children to figure out who I am and who your CPA and attorney are? Who will be watching your assets during that time?
The question of who should be invited to the meeting depends on clients' stage of life and the complexity of their estate plan. For clients in good health and with simple estates, bringing just the children to the meeting is recommended. Clients with more elaborate estate plans may want to bring in other family members, executors and beneficiaries, and you may want to bring in the other professionals that participated in developing the plan.
Communication with family members should continue after the initial meeting. Add the children, executors, trustees and other relationships to your ongoing marketing campaigns, including newsletter distribution, invitations to educational seminars and workshops and any client appreciation events. This continually reinforces that you are a trusted professional who will be there to make sure the process goes smoothly when the inevitable happens. Hopefully, by that time, they are a full-fledged client and the chances of assets walking away from your practice will be drastically diminished. And you won't have to buy a list to replace them.


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by scienceonthewing
Time lapse coverage of the Shuttle's move!
The space shuttle Endeavour made its final journey last weekend, traveling 12-miles from Los Angeles International Airport, through Inglewood, to the California Science Center in Exposition Park.
The retired orbiter was carried through city streets atop a special transporter. Throngs of people lined the route as it shimmied around trees, utility poles and other obstacles.
More time-lapse video: Endeavour detached from Boeing 747
It had arrived in Los Angeles on a Boeing 747 on Sept. 20 and kept in LAX's United Airlines hangar as it was prepared for the crosstown trip.
"Mission 26" as it was dubbed because of the spacecraft's 25 flight missions for NASA started just before midnight Thursday and finished Sunday afternoon, more than 16 hours late.
Its final journey was slowed by unexpected maintenance issues and last-minute maneuvers to avoid obstacles like trees and utility poles. The 85-ton orbiter survived the trip with nary a scratch.
View original post 86 more words


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The New York City Research and Improvement Networking Group (NYC RING) was officially formed in early 2003. It is sponsored by the Albert Einstein College of Medicine Department of Family and Social Medicine (DFSM) and is governed by a steering committee with representation from clinical administration, residency education, research methodologists, and site clinicians. The formal launch of the network followed several years of substantial investment in the department's capacity to conduct practice-based research. At present, the network consists of community-based primary care practices affiliated with the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Network development plans are in place to expand its membership to academic family medicine teaching programs and associated practices throughout the New York City area. To date, 20 practices sponsored by four medical centers and one private practice, providing over 395,000 visits to primarily low-income, minority primary care patients have joined NYC RING.
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Clinical Research Training Program (CRTP)
Department of Epidemiology & Population Health
Department of Family & Social Medicine
Herbert H. Lehman College of the City University of New York
New York City Research & Improvement Networking Group (NYCRING)
The Bronx Einstein Alliance for Tobacco-free Health (Bronx BREATHES)
Bronx Health REACH
Jacobi Medical Center
Montefiore Medical Center
Bronx Borough President's Office
Bronx Community Health Network
Bronx Prenatal Information Network (BronxPIN)
Bronx REACH 2010
Bronx Westchester Area Health Education Center (Bronx Westchester AHEC)
Health People: Community Preventive Health Institute
Morris Heights Health Center
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYCDHMH)
The Bronx Health Link (TBHL)
Urban Health Plan, Inc.


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4th Annual Graduate Student Conference Stony Brook University – Cultural Analysis and Theory Department – October 18th-19th 2013
Call for Papers
Containers have a dual function – to store and to deliver – and thus an inherent provisionality. Unlike a boundary, a container denotes some kind of material object or thing. Both may imply delimitation, but while boundaries suggest an abstract notion of crossing, breaking and transgressing, containers draw attention to what is being contained, the tensile strength needed to hold it, the function of the lid and the physical force needed to unfasten that lid. The question of containment is also inherently political: it suggests a potential volatility, ephemerality or threat of the matter contained. We propose four main conceptual frames for thinking what containers are and what they do: (1) the contained object (2) the uncontainable/immaterial ephemera (3) the container's (im)materiality and design (4) the temporality of storage and delivery. We propose that these frames offer new and unforeseen critical paradigms to certain disciplinary and theoretical perspectives.
1) Our first frame prompts inquiry into the material conditions of the physical substance filling the container's volumetric space. Object and thing theory, as well as new materialism, provide a range of differing analytical tools for thinking through the contained substance's materiality, its agency and its structural integrity. Thinking of the contained in terms of content naturally draws attention to the historical conditions affecting that content, such that processes of technological development, modes of consumption and distribution affect the materiality of the contained object.
2) Containers are not only material structures containing solids or fluids, but also immaterial forms that contain ephemeral substances or concepts. Adorno, for instance, postulated thought as the attempt to contain its object via the identity of the concept. Likewise, affect theory conceives of language and representation more generally in terms of its attempt to contain experience; meanwhile, affect itself exceeds such containment. Additionally, the recent turn towards questions of bodies and embodiment underscores the inherently unstable opposition of material and immaterial phenomena: the body is, at least in part, socially produced as a container of both material and immaterial flows in a way that destabilizes the distinction between the two.
3) Containers are designed for the specific function of holding in something; they must be strong and durable. And yet, the container's design also evokes the aesthetic mode. Among other fields, film and media studies have increasingly broached design studies in exploring the aesthetic dimensions of the consoles, housings, and packaging of technological components and audio/visual media. As Lynn Spigel reminds us, a television is equally important as a piece of furniture in the aesthetic production of the domestic space.
4) The temporal frame of containment calls our attention to the process in play as a container reverses from its storage to delivery function. Whereas 'storage' contains notions of material apparatus, structural design and archive or collection, 'delivery' carries a teleological function as well as the physical place or site in which a container opens, empties or interfaces. To give just two examples, both freight containers transporting commodities along the exchange circuits of global capitalism and fiber optic cables delivering information across national and transnational communication networks act in varying ways to produce the conditions for what David Harvey identifies as the experience of space-time compression that has marked modernity and postmodernity.
How, then, might these different frameworks for thinking about containers inform our involvement with material and immaterial phenomena? What affordances does the concept of the container provide for the humanities and social sciences in engaging with contemporary social, cultural, political and economic conditions? We invite graduate student submissions from a wide variety of disciplines to engage with these questions.
Possible topics include, but are not limited to:
- New materialisms of containers or contained
- Affect theory and the uncontainable
- Containers in/as cultural (literary, filmic, televisual, etc.) texts
- Object oriented ontology
- The body and (dis)embodiment
- Virality and containment
- Media objects as containers
- Urban space and containment
- Resistance to containment
- Thing theory of containers or contained
- Exhibition spaces as containers
- Transgression and limit experiences
- Design and containers
- The politics of containment
- 'Trans' -national/-gender/-disciplinary problematization of containment
- 'Trans' troubling of globalization, race, and the nation-state containment
Please send a 250-300 word abstract by June 15th, 2013 to firstname.lastname@example.com. We are tentatively planning on sending out acceptance and declination notices around the beginning of July.


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The 1000 Miglia remembrance race is the race where motorsport fans from all over the world wish to participate. But there is a strict requirement: being in possession of a model, which has taken part in the original event, held for the last time in 1957 as a proper race. Naturally this requirement also applies to cars from Ferrari.
The idea, which changed the rules of the game has been tried out with great success, beyond all expectations in 2010. In honour of the Brand, which won the most races after World War II, the MAC Group, organiser of the remembrance race, and the Brescia Automobile Club, decided to open the event for 130 passionate participants and their cars from Ferrari built after the year 1957 with an initiative honouring the famous race already with its name: Ferrari Tribute to 1000 Miglia.
In the first edition Ferrari clients from 22 countries with more than 40 different models participated in the event: historical and contemporary models, a proper selection of the extraordinary Ferrari production from all eras.
The 2011 edition of the remembrance race offers passionate Ferrari owners the opportunity to participate in the "Tribute". The participating cars will be divided into two classifications: cars built between 1958 and 1984, the so-called Classiche, and cars built from 1985 until today. You can register for the event on the websites www.ferrari.com or on http://ferraritribute.1000miglia.eu now. A committee chaired by Ferrari Vice Chairman Piero Ferrari will select the participants according to criteria favouring the widest possible representation of models and native countries of the participants. Furthermore some wild cards will be handed out to people from the world of motorsports and celebrities.
The Ferrari Tribute to 1000 Miglia's route is exactly the same as the remembrance race, starting in Brescia with stages including Bologna, the Imola circuit, Rome, Florence, the Fiorano race track and ending in Brescia. The race will start on Thursday, 12 May and will end on Saturday 14 May 2011 with a prize giving ceremony in Brescia on Sunday 15 May.
The Ferrari Tribute to 1000 Miglia cars will precede the historical cars by some minutes, offering an unforgettable show for the thousands of fans, who, just like back in the days, will gather along the route. The registration ends on 19 December 2010.
By: EP


text: What in the… If you have been a Nirvana fan, you'll feel like you had your childhood Rick Rolled right the fuck out of you. Who the hell came with an idea of complete fusion of Nirvana with Rick Astley and turn Smells Like Teen Spirit into a Rick Roll. Blasphemy!


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