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John Gaskins (1802 – 1865)
John Gaskins was one of the early pioneers of Berrien County, settling along with his father, Fisher Gaskins, and brothers near present day Bannockburn, GA. They made their homes on the west side of the Alapaha River about 16 miles distant from today's Ray City, GA location, settling there about the same time the Knights and Clements were homesteading in the area around Beaverdam Creek.
John Gaskins was born June 29, 1802 in Warren County, GA. He was the eldest child of Fisher Gaskins and Rhoda Rowe, and a grandson of Thomas Gaskins, Revolutionary Soldier. When John was around four or five years old, his parents and grandparents moved the family back to Beaufort District, South Carolina, from whence they had originated. The family appears there in Beaufort District in the Census of 1810. By the time of the 1810 enumeration, John Gaskins' parents had given him four siblings – two brothers and two sisters.
But immediately following the birth of her fifth child, John's mother died. He was eight years old at the time. His widowed father packed up the five young children and moved the family back to Warren County, GA. There, on January 17, 1811 his father married Mary Lacy. Her father, Archibald Lacy, was also a veteran of the Revolutionary War, and her brother was the Reverend John B. Lacy, who would later become a prominent Primitive Baptist Minister. Around this time John's father was expanding his livestock business and began looking for good grazing land for his growing herds of cattle.
By 1812, John Gaskins' father moved the family to Telfair County, GA where he acquired good grazing land for his cattle. His father and his uncle, David Gaskins, were very successful in the cattle business and soon had large herds, not only in Telfair County where they were enumerated in 1820, but also in Walton and other surrounding counties where good natural pasturage could be had.
Around 1821, the Gaskins again moved their families and cattle herds to the south, crossing the Ocmulgee River at Mobley's Bluff and pushing into the new frontier of Appling County,GA. John, now a young man of 17 or 18 years old, made the move with his family. His uncle, David Gaskins, halted in an area of Appling County known as "The Roundabout", situated in present day Atkinson County, where he found good range land for his cattle. John's father took his herd across the Alapaha River into then Irwin County at a location that for many years was known as the John Ford.
The Fisher Gaskins clan, John's father and his brothers, settled west of the Alapaha River a little south of present day Bannockburn, GA near the site of Riverside Church. On April 14, 1825 John Gaskins married Mary Pollie Barrow in Irwin County, GA. This was about 15 miles north of the area where the Knights and Clements were settling their families above Grand Bay, near present day Ray City, GA. John and Mary Gaskins established their homestead just to the north of his father's place. By the end of 1825, the Georgia Legislature divided Irwin County and from the southern portion formed the new county of Lowndes.
On August 11, 1826 Mary Gaskins delivered to John his first son, Gideon Gaskins. A second son arrived on February 16, 1828, whom they named Fisher Jackson Gaskins; Fisher – after his paternal grandfather, and Jackson perhaps after Andrew Jackson, the Hero of New Orleans who would be elected President that year.
John Gaskins appeared as a head of household in Lowndes County in the Census of 1830, as did his father, Fisher Gaskins. About 1829 or 1830, John's father moved his cattle across the county and settled on Lot 91 of the 9th Land District, which was subsequently known as the Chambliss place, and later became the home of George D. Griffin.
About 1831 a contagious disease struck Fisher Gaskins' herd, killing off several hundred head of cattle and inciting the elder Gaskins to seek new pastures yet again. With the help of hired hands, among them a young John G. Taylor, he drove his remaining cattle into North Florida to settle in the area of Alachua County, FL. John and Mary stayed behind in Lowndes County (now Berrien), as well as John's brothers, William and Harmon.
"When he moved to Florida, he [Fisher Gaskins] left much of his herds behind in Georgia to be looked after by his sons, John, William, and Harmon who by that time were grown. These herds multiplied and in turn, other herds were formed and placed about at various points in what is now Clinch, Echols and Lowndes counties and over in Florida, under the management of herdsmen, who for their services were paid at the end of the year a percentage of the proceeds of the cattle sold that year. The beef cattle were driven to Savannah and other distant places each year and sold. This arrangement with the herds and herdsmen continued with the elder Gaskins making periodic visits of inspection until his death, after which the three sons in Georgia received the Georgia herds in a division of the estate."
Cattlemen like John Gaskins sold their Berrien County livestock at points like Savannah, GA or Centerville on the St. Mary's River, or Jacksonville, Florida.
John Gaskins fought in the Indian War 1836-1838, serving in Levi J. Knight's Militia Company. Georgia historian Folks Huxford wrote, "His home was visited by the savages on one occasion while the family was absent, and a good deal of vandalism and theft was committed." John Gaskins and his brother William were among those who took part in the Battle of Brushy Creek, one of the last real engagements with the Creek Indians in this region.
At age 38, John Gaskins and family were enumerated in the Census of 1840, still living in the northeast area of old Lowndes county now known as Berrien County. His brother, William, was living next door, and nearby were the homesteads of David Clements and William Clements, and other early settlers.
In 1850 the Gaskins remained in Lowndes County. Enumerated nearby the Gaskins home place were the residences of General Levi J. Knight, William Patten, Hardeman Sirmans, David Clements, Moses C. Lee, and other early settlers. John Gaskins was a farmer, with $600 in real estate.
Around 1855 the Gaskins were involved in some sort of public disturbance in Lowndes county. Hardeman Sirmons, Benjamin S. Garrett, Drewry Garrett, Will Garrett, John Gaskins, William Gaskins, Gideon Gaskins, and Lemuel Gaskins were all brought before the Lowndes Superior Court for their involvement in a riot. In 1856, however, the Gaskins and their neighbors were cut out of Lowndes county and placed in the new county of Berrien. The defendants were able to have their case transferred to Berrien County in June of 1856, and apparently escaped serious consequences.
In the Census of 1860 John Gaskins appeared on the enumeration sheets listed next to Thomas M. Ray, who would begin construction of Ray's Millpond just a few years later.
From 1858 to 1861, John Gaskins served as a Justice of the Peace in Berrien County.
During the Civil War five of his sons joined Georgia Volunteer Infantry regiments: Fisher J. Gaskins, William Gaskins, Lemuel Gaskins, Joseph Gaskins, and Harris Gaskins, .
Children of John Gaskins and Mary Pollie Barrow:
- Gideon Gaskins, born 1826, Berrien County, GA; married Sarah Knight (July 17, 1831 – February 03, 1902); buried Riverside Baptist Church, Berrien County, GA.
- Fisher J. Gaskins, Sr., born February 16, 1828, Berrien County, GA; married Elizabeth Sirmans, daughter of Abner Sirmans; served in Company I, 50th GA Regiment; died November 14, 1908, Berrien County, GA; Buried at Riverside Baptist Church.
- John Gaskins, Jr., born January 16, 1830, Berrien County, GA; married Catherine Calder; died May 6, 1886.
- Emily Gaskins, born 1832, Berrien County, GA; married Joseph Newbern.
- William Gaskins, born March 5, 1833; married Elizabeth Clements, daughter of David G. Clements; served in Company I, 54th GA Regiment; died August 27, 1910; buried Empire Primitive Baptist Church Cemetery, Lanier County, GA.
- Lemuel Elam Gaskins, born 1836, Berrien County, GA; married Sarah Ann Sirmans, daughter of Abner Sirmans; served in Company I, 50th GA Regiment; died October 26, 1862, Richmond, VA; buried Richmond VA, memorial marker at Riverside Baptist Church.
- Joseph Gaskins, born April 28, 1840, Berrien County, GA; married Harriet Sirmans, daughter of James Sirmans; served in Company I, 50th GA Regiment; died February 4, 1911; Buried at Riverside Baptist Church.
- Harmon Gaskins, born 1842, Berrien County, GA; died young.
- Harrison "Harris" Gaskins, born April 5, 1842, Berrien County, GA.; married Roxanna "Roxie" Sirmans, daughter of James Sirmans, on April 17, 1862; served in Company K, 29th GA Regiment; died January 7, 1926; Buried at Riverside Baptist Church
- Bryant Gaskins, born 1846, Berrien County, GA
Clinch County News
April 23, 1937
John Gaskins – 1802-1865
Oldest son of Fisher Gaskins by his first wife. Came to Berrien while a youth, grew to manhood here. His wife was a daughter of Joseph Barrow… Immediately after their marriage John Gaskins and his wife settled on the Alapaha River a short distance north of the old home of his father and near where Bannockburn now is, and there they spent their entire married life together. The death of John Gaskins occurred at this home July 18, 1865; and 23 years later, January 6, 1888 his widow joined her husband in the spirit-land, at the age of 83. Both are buried at Riverside Cemetery and their graves are substantially marked. They were the parents of a large family of sons and daughters and their living descendants in this county to-day are very numerous.
John Gaskins was a man who spent his life at home and gave his time and attention to his avocation. The farm was made self-sustaining; work was the rule and grim want never came to stare the inmates of this farm-home in the face. Food for family and stock was well and abundantly supplied and the excellence of the range went a long way in helping him to provide meat for family and lay up money from the sales of beef-cattle. Deer and turkeys were plentiful and could be taken at any time. Fish abounded in the river and with all of these good things around life on the frontier was not so bad after all. Hogs grew almost wild in the hammocks and only required a few weeks' finishing off with corn or field crops to be ready for slaughter. Cattle were let to go at large all the time except they were penned regularly for about six weeks during the months of April and May so that they may be marked and branded and kept under control; and the annual sale of these beef-cattle brought the gold in their homes against the rainy-day and old age.
John Gaskins took part in driving the last of the wandering bands of Indians from Georgia soil, and one of the last engagements with the redskins fought on Berrien county soil took place near the home of this old pioneer. His home suffered from Indian predations to the extent that the feather beds were taken out, the ticks ripped open, the feathers emptied and scattered and the ticks carried away with some other articles of the household. Some of these articles were recovered, among which was a beautiful pitcher which had been treasured as an heirloom for many years. The place where the pitcher was recovered after it had been cast aside by the Indians in their flight across the Alapaha River, is known to this day among the local inhabitants as "Pitcher Slough."
Following the death of John Gaskins in 1865 his sons Fisher J. and John, Jr. served as the administrators of his estate.
Milledgeville Federal Union
August 21, 1866 — page 4
Georgia, Berrien County.
Two months after date application will be made to the Court of Ordinary of said county for leave to sell the lands belonging to the estate of John Gaskins, Sen., deceased, for the benefit of the heirs and creditors of said deceased.
F. J. Gaskins,
John Gaskins, Jr. Adm'r's.
July 2d, 1866. WEC 50 9c
Related Posts:
- John Gaskins ~ Berrien Cattleman
- Me and Mrs. Jones: Harmon Gaskins Had A Thing Going On – Twice
- Sarah Knight Gaskins ~ Confederate Widow
- Early Berrien Settlers Traded at Centerville, Georgia
- Short-Arm Bill Parker and the Last Indian Fight In Berrien County
- Portrait of Hardeman Giddens and Martha Gaskins
- Memorial to Levi J. Gaskins
- J. H. Gaskins and the Draft Board Scandal
- Almost Gone ~ Graves of D. Edwin Griner and Sarah Rouse at New Ramah Cemetery


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Raven Shoot Interview Volume 1 DVD-R
RF Video has finally done one of the most requested shoot interviews ever. The one and only Raven sat down with RF Video for a three hour shoot that covers his first ECW run in great detail. Raven's career covers so much and he gives such complete answers that this shoot interview will be released in two parts. The second part will be conducted in the near future. In part one, Raven discusses his start in the wrestling business. He covers his early days in Memphis, Florida and Portland and is completely open about his drug and womanizing lifestyle. Raven then talks about his first runs in WCW and WWF including partying with Shane McMahon and his true feelings about Bill Watts. Find out what working behind the scenes in WWF was like and why he didn't like it. From there, Raven goes into great detail about his first ECW run. He discusses his relationship with Paul Heyman, the development of the Raven character and his legendary feuds vs. Tommy Dreamer and Sandman. Raven is open and honest about it all from drugs to his most famous angles to his true feelings about everyone he worked with. This is a must for any ECW or Raven fan!!! Here is the full list of topics:
-Why he wanted to get into wrestling.
-Training at the Monster Factory.
-Working in Memphis as his first territory.
-Going to Florida.
-Why he got fired from Florida.
-Going to the Portland territory.
-His drug and womanizing lifestyle in Portland.
-Raven holds nothing back in talking about his drug use.
-How he got himself over in Portland.
-The Scotty The Body character.
-His favorite angles in Portland and why they worked. This is like a lesson in booking!
-Going to Global Wrestling Federation and why it fell apart.
-Meeting his hero Michael Hayes.
-Going to WCW.
-What he did to impress Dusty Rhodes and get his WCW job.
-Becoming cruiserweight champion in WCW.
-His famous match vs. Brian Pillman.
-Traveling with Pillman and Steve Austin in WCW.
-Why his push ended when Bill Watts came in.
-Raven holds nothing back in discussing his true feelings about Watts.
-Why WCW got rid of him.
-Going to WWE.
-Why he was a manager instead of a wrestler.
-Did he like being a manager better than a wrestler?
-Partying with Shane McMahon.
-How did Vince feel about his partying with Shane?
-How did the locker room react to his partying with Shane?
-Could Shane hang with him?
-Why he isn't friends with Shane anymore.
-Hosting USA All American Wrestling with Gorilla Monsoon.
-How he got his job in production in WWE.
-Why he didn't like it.
-Why WWE thought he was working 60 hour weeks when he was sleeping until the afternoon everyday.
-Where did the idea of the Raven character come from?
-What was Dallas Page's role in the develpment of the character?
-Why he didn't remember his first conversation with Paul Heyman.
-Where did Beulah McGillicutty come from?
-His drug and alcohol use at the time.
-Lots of details on his feud against Tommy Dreamer.
-The development of the Raven character.
-His outside the ring relationship with Stevie Richards and why it was so tumultuous
-His relationship with Paul Heyman.
-How much creative control did he have over the Raven character?
-The chair shot heard around the world.
-The first piledriver on Beulah.
-The final match vs. Dreamer and why he didn't want to lose.
-Lots of details about The Sandman feud.
-The story behind using Sandman's wife and kid in the feud.
-What it was like working with a seven-year-old.
-Why the Barely Legal poster really bothered him.
-His role in developing The Dudley Boys.
-His influence on the entire ECW locker room.
-What made him stay for 2 1/2 years in ECW?
-Did he know he was going to leave after Barely Legal?
-The real reason he went into rehab.
-Heyman's reaction when he went into rehab and no showed a big ECW Arena show.
-Working with The Pit Bulls and the problems he had with them.
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In early 1942, Eisner was drafted into the war- leaving behind his trusted assistants to work on The Spirit during his time on duty. While away, he was given a number of assignments for camp newspapers, and eventually began to work with the Hollabird Depot on a publication called Army Motors. As cartoonist for the magazine, Eisner used his medium to teach G.I.'s about preventative maintenance in their own language. It was there that he developed Joe Dope, an educational comic strip revolving around the clumsy Joe and his mishaps, framed to teach army safety lessons. Eventually, Eisner and Joe Dope moved on to PS, The Preventive Maintenance Monthly, a U.S. Army magazine on proper equipment maintenance. Eisner remained the artistic director from the magazine's inception in 1951 through 1972.
Below is an original Joe Dope illustration by Eisner, circa 1944 for Army Motors.
Thank you all for keeping up with us during Will Eisner Week! We hope you will come check out Will's collection at The Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum sometime soon. For a closer look at the holdings, you can view the finding aid here.
We'll resume our normal posting format come Tuesday. Have a great weekend!


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Vehicle Summary
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Auxiliary audio input: Bluetooth
Auxiliary audio input: jack
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Infotainment screen size: 5 in.
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Radio: AM/FM
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Subwoofer: 1
Total speakers: 6
Watts: 215
performance and engineering
4WD type: on demand
Auto start/stop
Axle ratio: 4.33
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Battery: maintenance-free
Center differential: mechanical
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Stability control
Suspension: Front shock type: gas
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Suspension: Front stabilizer bar: diameter 25 mm
Suspension: Front struts: MacPherson
Suspension: Front suspension classification: independent
Suspension: Front suspension type: lower control arms
Suspension: Rear shock type: gas
Suspension: Rear spring type: coil
Suspension: Rear stabilizer bar: diameter 27 mm
Suspension: Rear struts
Suspension: Rear suspension classification: independent
Suspension: Rear suspension type: multi-link
Traction control
Daytime running lights: LED
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Exhaust: dual tip
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Wheels: painted alloy
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Driver seat manual adjustments: 6
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Rear wiper: with washer
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Meet the New Boss: Big Data
Companies Trade In Hunch-Based Hiring for Computer Modeling
When looking for workers to staff its call centers, Xerox Corp. used to pay lots of attention to applicants who had done the job before. Then, a computer program told the printer and outsourcing company that experience doesn't matter.
The software said that what does matter in a good call-center worker—one who won't quit before the company recoups its $5,000 investment in training—is personality. Data show that creative types tend to stick around for the necessary six months. Inquisitive people often don't.
To Read the Full Story


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Vanessa Hudgens at ShoWest yesterday at the CBS Films presentation and at the ceremony where she received the Female Star of Tomorrow Award. Um, really? For her legs, right? Because those are some legs. Really, really great legs. And she works hard on those legs. If I had those legs and worked as hard on those legs as she does, I would be wearing short dresses every day too.
She looked great yesterday. Really, really great. And she was there also to promote her upcoming film Beastly (Beauty & The Beast with the Gossip Girl treatment) with co-stars Neil Patrick Harris (not pictured) and the very, very pretty Alex Pettyfer. When I wrote about him last August – click here for a refresher – I compared him to LipGloss Zac Efron. Oh these boys and their hair.
Beastly drops at the end of July, hoping for a summer holiday teen box office. It's a movie that takes itself too seriously about high school and beautiful rich kids being bitchy. Please. Of course I want to see it. Am also curious to see if Pettyfer takes off. Sometimes, no matter how handsome, sometimes they just don't hit. This boy is beautiful, and blonde, and British... and still it's never a sure thing.
The teaser trailer for Beastly is below. And a featurette after that. SO cheese you will love it.
Photos from Wenn.com


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Skillet Cornbread with Pecan Dukkah From 'Afro-Vegan'
Despite the fact that I have a strong allegiance to plain Southern-style cornbread smeared with a thick layer of butter, I quite like Bryant Terry's nutty, butter-free version in his new cookbook, Afro-Vegan. Chalk it up to the creative use of dukkah, one of my favorite spice blends. The pecan, sesame, cumin, and coriander blend makes the nut milk and creams used to make the batter feel right at home. Instead of tasting like substitutes, the almond, cashew, and flax ingredients echo the flavors of the dukkah, giving this bread a harmony that I rarely find in vegan quick breads.
Why I picked this recipe: Vegan baked goods, even things as forgiving as cornbread, always strike me as mysterious.
What worked: Incorporating dukkah into the bread was a smart move—it adds a fun, unusual element to the bread while at the same time harmonizing with the vegan milk and cream.
What didn't: I was not a huge fan of the orange zest; I thought it competed with the strong flavors of the corn and dukkah. I'd leave it out next time.
Suggested tweaks: If you want to make plain cornbread, you can leave out the dukkah. The bread will still retain a little nuttiness from the almond milk and creamed cashews. Terry is an advocate for unsweetened cornbread, but he says that you can add a tablespoon or two of raw cane sugar to the dry mix if you'd like.
Reprinted with permission from Afro-Vega: Farm-Fresh African, Caribbean, and Southern Flavors Remixed by Bryant Terry. Copyright 2014. Published by Ten Speed Press, a division of Random House. All rights reserved. Available wherever books are sold.
- Yield:Serves 16 as a snack or 8 as a side
- Active time: 25 minutes
- Total time:45 minutes, plus time to soak and blend the cashew cream
- Rated:
- Pecan Dukkah
- 7 tablespoons finely chopped pecans, toasted
- 2 tablespoons black sesame seeds, toasted
- 1/2 teaspoon coarse sea salt
- 2 teaspoons coriander seeds, toasted
- 2 teaspoons cumin seeds, toasted
- Cornbread
- 1 3/4 cups yellow cornmeal
- 1/4 cup unbleached all purpose flour
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- 1 teaspoon baking soda
- 1/4 teaspoon fine sea salt
- 1/4 cup dukkah
- 2 tablespoons finely ground golden flaxseeds
- 6 tablespoons water
- 1 cup unsweetened almond milk
- 1/4 cup Creamed Cashews
- 2 tablespoons apple cider vinegar
- 1 tablespoon finely grated orange zest
- 1/4 cup coconut oil, melted, plus more for oiling
To make the dukkah: Put the pecans, sesame seeds, and salt in a small bowl. Combine the coriander and cumin seeds in a mortar and pound with a pestle until smashed but not finely ground. Add to the pecans and mix well. You will need 1/4 cup dukkah for this recipe. Save the rest for another use.
To make the cornbread: Preheat the oven to 425°F.
Put the cornmeal, flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and dukkah in a medium bowl and mix well. In a separate medium bowl, combine the flaxseeds and water and stir with a fork until well blended. Add the almond milk, cashew cream, vinegar, orange zest, and the 1/4 cup oil and whisk until well blended.
Oil a 10-inch cast-iron skillet, then put it in the oven. After the skillet has heated for 3 minutes, pour the almond milk mixture into the cornmeal mixture and mix gently just until the dry ingredients are moist; don't overmix, or the texture of the cornbread will suffer. Remove the skillet from the oven and scrape the batter into it, spreading it in an even layer.
Bake for about 20 minutes, until golden brown and firm to the touch, or until a skewer inserted in the center comes out clean. Cut into even pieces and serve hot.
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The 100 Moments of TSU Athletics presented by Taco Bell® series continues by remembering a great moment in Tennessee State football history.
On Nov. 14, 1998 the Tigers traveled to Murray, Ky. for a pivotal game against the Racers. The winner of the contest would win the Ohio Valley Conference and make the playoffs while the loser would sit at home and watch.
Tennessee State won the game 46-44 in dramatic fashion, causing the TSU fans in attendance to storm Murray State's filed and tear down the school's goalpost.
The Tigers started the game with a 77-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Leon Murray to receiver Tyrone Butterfield to make the score 6-0 in favor of TSU.
That score was just the start of a record-setting day for the duo as they connected nine times for 249 yards and two scores.
Murray also set records himself, tallying 491 yards on 28 of 54 passes. He also threw two more scores besides the ones to Butterfield and caught the game-winning touchdown pass.
The Racers were down 9-3 later in the first quarter until they returned a kickoff for a score to take the lead for the first time on the day. However, the Tigers fought right back to re-take the lead at 19-10 with a Buck Billings field goal and a Donnell Brantley rushing touchdown.
Murray State came right back in the third quarter by blocking a TSU punt and scooping up the ball for a score. That set up one of the most dramatic fourth quarters in TSU football history.
Down 23-19, the Tigers scored 21 points off of three Murray tosses in the fourth quarter alone.
However, TSU would need a trick play to hold off the Racers. Murray threw a quick screen to Corey Sullivan who acted like he was going to run, but ended up throwing back to an open Murray. Murray scampered into the end zone for what would be the game-winning 26-yard score.
The Racers still had a chance to score after getting the ball back with 1:30 left in the game. Murray State drove right down the field like the team had done all quarter, but the offense sputtered in TSU territory. MSU kicker Greg Miller lined up for what would have been a game-winning field goal, but TSU's Jarrick Hillary blocked the kick to seal the win.
At least a thousand TSU fans in attendance stormed Murray State's field and tore down the goalpost. The fans then took the goalpost back to Tennessee State's campus, cut it up and distributed it to Big Blue supporters.
TSU wide receiver Avion Black called the win over Murray State, "one of the greatest experiences of my college career".
The 100 Moments of TSU Athletics presented by Taco Bell® highlights some of the greatest moments in honor of Tennessee State's centennial celebration. A new moment will be released each weekday for a total of 100. These moments were chosen by the TSU 100 Moments committee, which consists of alums from various departments. TSU has so many great moments, not all can be represented in these 100.
Sports Information Assistant Alex Mitchell contributed to this article.
Follow TSU Athletics on Facebook.com/TSUTigers and Twitter @TSU_Tigers.


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Maker faire folks Those who donated to Give for Good Louisville
Equipment Report
- Please respect the equipment.*
- Clean up after yourself! *
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- please give me as much information as possible; i/e links to websites. Consumables are difficult to find sometimes and I am not a mind reader!
First Time Visitor Info
Are there any 1st time Visitors? Tour at the end of Meeting Waivers of Liability - Please sign if you have not already
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Regular Weekly Meetups
If you would like to host a meetup on whatever see Brian and he will help you get set up!
Night of The Hat (Fortnightly Mondays, next 9/24/2018 @ 8 PM) *** Learn to solder, work on Inter-hackerspace "Naval Strategy Game", open making. Louisville Sound builders (fortnightly Mondays, next meet up is 10/1/2018 @ 8pm
LVL1 Open Meeting & Making (Tuesdays @ 8p) Directors Meeting (Normally the 3rd Tuesday of the month 9/18/2018) TONIGHT!
Pow-Pow-Power-Wheels Racing Series meetup. 5~8 Build an electric go-kart with Jared, race at Makerfaires across the country. PAUL, paul, PAUL, PAUL, paul, PAUL Dust Collectors - Paul!!!! Dust Collectors!!!!! Paul!!!!! @ 7p-??
September 27, 6pm – 9pm is the 2nd installment of "Come code with others!" Last Thursday of the month
Irregular Movie and Open Build Night (Friday @ 8p) or you could Watch a terrible movie and ignore your project Or maybe work on your project ignore a terrible movie... The choice is yours. Pizza and Chinese are usually ordered at approximately at 7:30p Chinese is approx.(~$9/person) pizza is (~$7/person)
FRIDAY NIGHT is also Fix It Friday * Bring your Broken stuff to Ben!
Upcoming Events
DerbyCon! October 5th – 7th, 2018
More info coming soon
Sumobot Tourney and Halloween party Oct 27 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JU72bpVYAJQ Start Building NOW! Information http://wiki.lvl1.org/Sumobots
Space Purge
Morning of November 3rd
Archer Hackathon
November 9th and 10th
LVL1 Makership
- Apply at www.lvl1.org/makership
- May Makership Application Deadline - Thursday, 9/30/2018 @ 11:59 PM, if you'd be interested in peer reviewing the applications and being on the Makership selection committee.
- Submit your project for a chance to win 3 months of membership and $100 toward your project.
- Apply at www.lvl1.org/makership
- If you would like to donate ($5/mo) to this cause, see one of the directors and we can set you up!
- See a director for t-shirts ($10 - cheap)!
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Meeting Notes
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« Access to AP Courses in STEM to Grow With $5M Google Gift | Main | Assessment Group Uses Students' Feedback to Build Tests »
Will the Common Standards Downsize Literature?
What will the Common Core State Standards do to the time-honored place of literature in the English/language arts classroom? That's a question that is pushing its way higher and higher on the national radar.
It's been coming on for a while now; in education circles, the muttering began not long after the standards were issued in 2010, and persisted, at kind of a low hum, at conferences of literacy groups and in conservative think-tank offices. As part of a special report on literacy in the common-core era, we reported to you about the fears among English/language arts folks that literature will have to occupy a smaller role in their teaching.
But the issue has crossed over from one pretty much confined to the education world to one that's getting broader attention. A flock of recent stories and essays about it in publications like the The Washington Post, The New York Times, and Time magazine showcase this transition. And once an education issue seeps into the mainstream press, more attention is bound to follow.
The controversy around this piece of the standards springs from their expectation that students will spend more of their time reading nonfiction, or "informational text," than they used to. If you've been listening to inside-the-education-world talk about this, you already know that elementary school students are expected to spend half their time on such readings, and by the time they get to high school, the balance shifts to 70 percent.
It's that Notorious 70 Percent that's stirring up trouble. As far as I can tell, within opposition to this shift are several distinct strains of thought. One comes from folks who have interpreted it to mean that 70 percent of what English teachers assign should be nonfiction. They're worried that this would gut the discipline.
Others correctly point out that this is a misinterpretation of the standards, which say that the 70 percent tilt should be drawn from all subjects, not just English. That means that what students read in social studies, science and other topics would contribute a good deal to the distribution of fiction and nonfiction. This is spelled out in a brief footnote on page 5 of the English/language arts standards.
But the other strain of upset about the Notorious 70 Percent comes from the clash between the standards' vision and the day-to-day reality of how schools work. Some teachers of those other subjects aren't too wild about the idea of becoming literacy teachers. As EdWeek and others have reported, they feel overburdened enough as it is just covering their content. How, they ask, can I be asked now to become a reading teacher as well? In that view you have resistance, and resistance may well lead to the 70 percent being shouldered by the English teacher alone. That could put the squeeze on literature.
The third strain of objection to the 70 percent idea comes from folks who believe that the math on these English/language arts standards just doesn't add up. That is to say, the 70-percent expectation is so steep that even if teachers of other subjects pick up a good bit of it, far more of it is bound to fall on English teachers than anyone is admitting.
There are also objections to the very premise of the 70/30 split (or even the 50/50 split at the elementary level): the presumption that nonfiction needs to be stepped up in order to build the analytical/critical thinking skills that are so prized, according to common-core proponents, by employers and college professors. A recent white paper issued by the Pioneer Institute is an example of this argument. In it, co-authors Mark Bauerlein and Sandra Stotsky argue that quality literature offers the best kind of college preparation there is. (Bauerlein argues in a separate essay online that the common standards actually facilitate the teaching of literature; check it out to follow his argument.)
The response of common-core authors has boiled down to this: anxiety about a diminished role for literature is based on a misunderstanding of the standards. The standards, they say, show a reverence for literature, and do not necessitate any reduction in its presence in classrooms.
But the fact that this piece of the standards has catapulted into the spotlight in front of a wide audience tells you something: For two years, this stuff has been fodder for a relatively small circle of educators, educrats, and inside-the-Beltway policymakers. Now that it's getting closer to the classroom, with attendant curricula and tests, a wider circle of people are picking up on it. Certain pieces are resonating. And the ripples are going beyond the people who wrote and adopted the standards. Think: state lawmakers, who hold purse strings power over things like instructional materials and test administration. Think: Teachers, who have heard about the standards but will increasingly see what they mean for day-to-day instruction. Think: parent groups, who will see new kinds of homework on the kitchen table.
To see how this is rolling out into the broader mainstream news media, read Lyndsey Layton's front-page story in The Washington Post, as well as education columnist Jay Mathews' recent essay on what he calls the fiction versus nonfiction "smackdown". A New York Times commentary explored the topic (and prompted a response from lead ELA standards author David Coleman).
Joel Stein offers a humorous version of criticism in Time magazine. A laugh while you can get one isn't a bad idea; this stuff will only get more serious as it moves closer to classrooms.


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Education News and Trends
The Latino College Crisis
More students than ever are likely headed to postsecondary programs this month, if enrollment trends continue apace. But, even as millions take that significant step toward economic freedom, thousands are still left on the other side of the campus gates—and far too many of them are Latino.
From 1975 to 2005, the percentage of White adults with college degrees grew from 24 to 34 percent; of Black, 11 to 18 percent; and, of Latino, 9 to 11 percent—or not much at all.
The reasons are varied. Many Latinos are first-generation college-goers, which makes them less fluent in the vocabulary of SATs and FAFSAs—the tests and financial aid forms that make college possible. They're also less likely to complete degrees because they're more likely to work and live off-campus.
But the consequences of a lesser-educated Latino population could be disastrous, especially in states where Latinos increasingly support tax revenues. "This is not a boutique issue. This is everybody's issue. This is everybody's crisis," said Patricia Gándara, University of California Los Angeles professor and co-director of the Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles at UCLA.
2009 ESP of The Year: ESPecially Wonderful!
The moment Kathie Axtell was named the 2009 ESP of the Year, she almost forgot to breathe.
"It was overwhelming," says Axtell, a paraeducator and president of the Washington Education Association Chinook UniServ Council. At one point, while the soft-spoken Axtell stood at the podium during her acceptance remarks at the 2009 ESP National Conference in Orlando, Florida in March, the audience sensed her respiratory problem.
"Breathe, Kathie, breathe!" they chanted.
Since then, Axtell is breathing easier, even while juggling the national work of ESP ambassador with her duties in Olympia. She currently reports to the Chinook council office on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Friday afternoons (under a release time agreement), where she assists members on issues ranging from grievance reports and contract language to professional development.
"The professional development part is what I love," she says.
On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Friday mornings, Axtell can be found at her Olympia School District office, coordinating training programs and lobbying legislators.
"Our state legislature is cutting the education budget by almost $2 billion dollars," she says. "We can't let that happen."
2009 Teacher of The Year: From the jail house to the school house to the White House!
Tony Mullen, the National Teacher of the Year, has been on quite a journey. From his first career as a New York City police captain to his new calling as a teacher at the alternative ARCH school in Greenwich, Connecticut, and now, to the recognition of that work by President Barack Obama, Mullen has been traveling a road not frequently taken.
But, to him, the transition from police work to schoolwork made a lot of sense. The young people that he saw as a police officer, "that you'd see in jail, all told the same story: There's no adult in their life," he says. Consequently, without any role model or caring adult, they drifted out of school and into crime. "I really wanted to transform their lives," he says.
And he could, as a teacher.
Since joining the faculty at ARCH, Mullen has reached hundreds of kids who probably would have dropped out otherwise. Recently, NEA President Dennis Van Roekel asked Tony for his secret. Simple: "Get to know the child. You can melt their hearts, and they'll melt yours, too."
The Improvement Nearly Doubled
Teachers and parents hoping to boost their school's test scores can always rely on quality teaching, an instructive curriculum, and smaller class sizes. But it's a lot easier to just go fishing! A recent Swedish study, published in the journal Acta Paediatrica, found that teenage boys who eat fish weekly score 6 percent higher on cognitive skills tests. If they ate it more often, the improvement near doubled.
Banking an Education
A whole lot of kids (and Wall Street types, as it turns out) still don't know what to do with money. Last year, nearly half of high school students failed a financial literacy quiz from the Jump$tart Coalition.
But, at Sylacauga High School in Alabama, you can trust kids with money. Last year, the first full-service credit union inside an Alabama school opened. The Heritage South Credit Union branch is run by students who can open accounts, make deposits and withdrawals, and sell prepaid debit cards. "Our students will now have the opportunity to enhance the skills learned in the classroom and apply them to real-world experiences," says business teacher Sean Stevens.
The Case of the Missing Graduates
Just how many kids graduated last year? You'd think you could count them...
But apparently not. A recent Diplomas Count report, published by Education Week, says graduation rates between 1996 to 2006 rose by 2.8 percentage points, but dropped markedly— by almost a point and a half— between 2005 and 2006 to just 69.2 percent.
Or not, say researchers from the Economic Policy Institute, arguing that the rate estimates were "exceedingly inaccurate" and omitted students retained in the ninth grade. They say the rate is off by as much as 9 percent overall and 14 percent for minorities specifically.
Either way, it's clear that too few students are graduating.
In its dropout prevention plan, NEA calls for accurate monitoring, but also for new programs and policies, like raising the minimum dropout age from 16 to 21; creating high school graduation centers for students 19 to 21 years old; and increasing career readiness programs.
At the same time, the White House also is calling for higher standards—all students should have at least a year of college, too, President Obama says.
Lights! Camera! Fight!
When it comes to schoolyard fights, the big question isn't how many hits you got: It's how many hits you'll get.
Homemade videos of student brawls are increasingly showing up on Internet sites like YouTube, where thousands of young viewers can rate their brutality and comment on the quality of punches. For the victims, it can be devastating to learn that their humiliations have become prime-time viewing: "Basically, it's like you're abused twice—first when you're beat up and then again when it's posted," says Nancy Willard, executive director of the Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use (http://www.cyberbully.org/).
In response, some school districts, like the Vallejo City Unified School District in Northern California, have banned bystanders from recording fights. Others have turned the videos over to law enforcement officials, who use them to prosecute students on assault and harassment charges. But a better long-term solution, Willard suggests, is a new focus on the "social intelligence" of students. Programs that spotlight positive behavior, peer mediation, and simple social skills need to be taught to kids, "just like reading and math," she says.
In Perfect Harmony
Music teachers like Kentucky's Jim Sproul aren't surprised to learn that multiple years of music lessons may be the backdrop for enhanced performance in language and literature, as shown by a recent study published in the journal Psychology of Music that linked piano lessons to better vocabulary and verbal sequencing skills. Students are "acquiring skills that serve them the rest of their lives," said Sproul, now retired. "That's why it upsets me when school systems are so quick to cut their music programs and then say it's to improve test scores." To improve scores, they should do the exact opposite! The Long Island University researchers also suggested their findings be used to support the integration of music into other subjects.
Can you Read This?
One out of seven adults in the United States can't. In fact, they probably can't even read their gas bill, according to the National Assessment of Adult Literacy. The report showed the number of illiterate adults has risen significantly over the past decade, mostly in states like California, Florida, and Nevada, where immigration also increased. At the same time, other states, most notably Mississippi, have dramatically improved literacy rates.
Even the Jetsons didn't have this…
A robot teacher named Saya was tested in a Japanese classroom earlier this year, where it called roll and shouted orders like, "Be quiet!" Developed by a Tokyo University of Science professor, the robot can smile, say preprogrammed phrases such as, "Thank you," and express six basic emotions, like surprise and anger. Its developer says the robot "has no ability to learn," and is "just a tool." (No kidding.) If this is the future, we don't like it!
Even as legislators continue to debate what health care reform should look like in the United States, the NEA has a clear vision: health reform that will ensure every person in America has quality, affordable health care coverage.
More than 48 million Americans —including 9 million children—don't have coverage. And, with the economy in a downturn, many more will likely lose access to medical care if Congress doesn't act now. At the same time, health care premiums are rising four times faster than inflation: In 2008 they reached more than $12,000, on average, for a family of four.
The NEA believes delay is the enemy of reform, and our lobbyists continue to push for quick reform that includes a choice of plans and providers (including ones that employees already have through their employers), as well as a government-sponsored public health insurance plan option. The NEA opposes any proposal that would limit or cap employer-sponsored benefits, such as new taxes.
For more information, or to urge your Congressman to act, go to NEA's Legislative Action Center at www.nea.org/lac.
A Growing Satisfaction With Your Job
Great news! As the school year kicks off, most of you are really happy to be back in the classroom. Indeed, despite the stresses associated with budget cuts and standardized tests, job satisfaction among American educators is at its highest point in the past 25 years, according to the annual MetLife Survey of the American Teacher: Past, Present and Future.
In 2008, 98 percent of teachers agreed with this statement: "I love to teach," and 75 percent said they'd tell a young person to become a teacher, up from 45 percent in 1984! Overall, it's teachers at opposite ends of the spectrum—newest and most experienced—who are most satisfied. Also, suburban teachers are generally happier than urban teachers, and elementary more satisfied than secondary.
A Green Start to the New Year
As the school year begins again, it's time for a whole new host of resolutions that you can make yourself feel guilty over when you don't keep, can't keep, and what were you thinking anyway? Aha! Make them easier this time! Five simple things you can do to help the world:
1. Don't buy plastic water bottles. Minnesota teacher Carol Sanders refills a glass bottle with filtered water and keeps it on her desk in a "bottle jacket" with her school mascot on it.
2. Turn off some of your classroom lights on sunny days.
3. Skip the Dixie cups and ask friends to donate coffee mugs and metal utensils for your classroom's celebrations, suggests Maryellen Allison, a Corinth, New York, teacher.
4. Give up the Post-it notes! Use scrap paper instead.
5. Turn off your computer when you go home…


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And then, that hour the star rose up,
The clearest, brightest star, that always heralds
The newborn light of day, the deep-sea-going ship
Made landfall on the island … Ithaca, at last.
— Homer, Odyssey 13.105-108 [1]
Gegen Mittag Land in Sicht. Lange flache weiße Strandlinien. Blaues, unglaublich
frisches Meer.
— Erich Mendelsohn, on board the S.S. Deutschland, 11 October 1924 [2]
HAPAG (Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Aktien-Gesellschaft), the German shipping company that inaugurated the famous and profitable Hamburg Amerika steamship service at the beginning of the 20th century, launched four of the most luxurious passenger ships ever built during the early 1920s. One of these, the "palatial twin screw oil burning" S.S. Albert Ballin weighed in tare at a modest 21,000 gross tons. It was not the largest of vessels. Measuring over 600 feet from bow to stern, the ship was 200 hundred feet shorter than the ill-fated R.M.S. Titanic. Yet the Albert Ballin featured comforts otherwise unknown in seagoing passenger vessels after the First World War: spacious first-class berths, sumptuous dining halls, a modern gymnasium, private writing rooms, and even an innovative "anti-rolling" mechanism insuring "the greatest degree of steadiness in all weather conditions." The vessel resumed HAPAG's famous "de-Luxe" service across the North Atlantic, making frequent voyages from Germany to New York via Southhampton, England. Along with the Albert Ballin, HAPAG's other new passenger ships, the Hamburg, and Resolute, and the S.S. Deutschland all carried thousands of passengers on the profitable Atlantic crossings.
S.S. Deutschland (1923)
Hamburg Amerika vessels served with distinction during the interwar years, some meeting odd, nefarious ends. In 1935, for example, the German Navy, or Kriegsmarine, rechristened the Albert Ballin as the S.S. Hansa. Like Walther Rathenau, the founder of Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (A.E.G.) electrical equipment company, Ballin was a prominent Jewish businessman eventually disgraced by the Third Reich—the renaming of his vessel with a Germanic moniker was a symbolically- and politically-charged act. The Deutschland, on the other hand, met a much more sordid fate. In 1940, the Kriegsmarine assigned the Deutschland to the German-occupied port of Gotenhafen (Gdynia) on the Polish Baltic coast. The port was not only turned into a naval base in 1943, but it also became an important point for the transfer of prisoners to a nearby concentration camp, also called Gotenhafen. In 1945, the German navy used the Deutschland to transfer over 70,000 refugees seeking protection from the advancing Red Army.
The Deutschland no doubt reminds us of war's own exigent circumstances and countless tragedies. Yet the vessel's strange relationship with the Second World War begins sometime around 1924, when the Deutschland was only beginning its heralded transatlantic service. Indeed, a passenger standing on its teak decks, gripping the side railings as the ship lumbered into New York harbor, might not be able to see very far into the future, to witness the smoldering ruin of Europe during the 1940s. Even Hamburg, home to the Blohm und Voss shipyards that gave birth to the Deutschland, would be laid waste by the Royal Air Force's devastating firebomb raids in the Spring of 1943.
"This is the foil for the flaming scripts, the rocket fire of moving illuminating ads, emerging and submerging, disappearing and breaking out again over the thousands of autos and the maelstrom of pleasureseeking people." Fritz Lang, Photograph of Broadway (1924) (Caption by Mendelsohn, photo republished in Mendelsohn's Amerika)
This voyage away from home was nevertheless a formative experience for two passengers. Aboard the Deutschland's deck, Fritz Lang would have seen a massing of medium-height buildings, crowning the very spit of land forming Manhattan's own prow, with the Brooklyn Bridge's iron tendrils reaching across the grey waters for nearby land. Lang's first visit to New York resulted in a series of photographs that inspired those very dystopic urban visions forever associated with Metropolis (1927). In one of these, a night scene on Broadway, lighted Coca-Cola and Dairylea billboards leave incandescent traces across the celluloid. It as if Lang were momentarily disoriented, moving too rapidly, avoiding the onslaught of artificial light while keeping the camera aperture open. This light inscribes everything as a double-image, anticipating the scene in Metropolis when the technocrat Johann Fredersen stares outside his own office at the frenzied city lights flickering faster and faster: a vision of a city in disrepair.
Lang's photograph would eventually make its way onto the pages of Erich Mendelsohn's Amerika: Bilderbuch eines Architekten (1926). Mendelsohn, who was not only a passenger aboard the Deutschland, but who also toured New York with Lang, processed his own ideas about the American metropolis differently. Whereas Lang found inspiration in this trip for his upcoming films, Mendelsohn was overtly caustic in his appraisals. He did admire much of the industrial architecture we saw during his travels in the United States, but was nevertheless struck by the abject moral bankruptcy that such buildings represented. The text accompanying the photographs in Amerika is pithy and biting. Indeed, in the very opening chapter to the book, called "Typical American Traits"[3], a picture of Manhattan from the sea inspired Mendelsohn to describe the city as the "Port of the world. Announcer of the new country, of liberty and the unmeasurable wealth behind it".[4]
This first visit to the United States had a powerful impact on Mendelsohn's subsequent work. The photographs of skyscrapers, industrial structures, and city streets gracing the pages of Amerika are portentous. If, for Le Corbusier, the aerial view is totalizing in its ability to indict urbanism's own failures, then for Mendelsohn, the Sheeler-like views from below opt for something else. In the preface to Amerika, the architect declares that "America demands nothing of our love, but wants to be treated by us as unemotionally as we are treated by her. In architecture this country supplies everything: the worst of Europe's refuse, deformed offspring of civilization, but she also gives hope of a new world."[5]
Mendelsohn's own captions reinforce this totalizing conception of architecture, its ability to encapsulate everything. In the introduction to Amerika, Mendelsohn noted "For what we generally characterize today as 'typically American' is a caricature of the European mother countries of Americans."[6] Yet Mendelsohn finessed the idea of typicality by suggesting that a single American city was a synecdoche for a larger swath of European cities. Describing New York to his wife Louise in a 1924 letter, Mendelsohn declares that the towering spires of the Woolworth Building stand for something else, something greater: "That is not a city in the European sense, that is the whole world, in a pot".[7]
Consider Homer's Odyssey, the very first travel monologue, a record of a personal Diaspora. Signs of a wholly modern predicament unfurl from the poem's hexameter strains: tensions between personal and national identity, crises of faith, geographic dislocation by virtue of armed conflict. And in 1922, only two years prior to Mendelsohn's departure for New York, James Joyce published his very own paean to Odysseus' travels. Ulysses, Joyce's contemporary retelling of Homer's work features these very same elements. The novel's main protagonist, Leopold Bloom (né Leopold Virag) is distanced from his very own personal Ithaca. Within the urban fabric of post-Easter Rebellion Dublin, Bloom wanders, questioning his own religion, Irishness, matrimonial loyalty, and history. In the novel's penultimate Ithaca chapter, before the storied return to home and hearth, father and son, Leopold Bloom's Odysseus to Stephen Dedalus' Telemachos, levitate into the firmament, seeing the planet below in its own totality, their very own world, literally, in a pot. The implication could very well be that return is conditioned only on the greatest possible distance away from home. For Odysseus, it was an endless sea voyage; for Bloom, a voyage into (literal) outer space. And yet such wanderings are preceded by unparalleled tragedy. Odysseus travels began the moment the Trojan Wars ended, as the fiery hulk of Troy sat on its searing plain. Mendelsohn's own exile coincides with the incipient Nazi regime's promise of war during the 1930s. When aboard the deck of the Deutschland in 1924, even if he could have seen the vessel's own twisted and mangled hulk at the bottom of the Bay of Lübeck in the near future, he might not have been able to recognize its significance of such a portent. Not yet.
Wave crashing on the deck of the S.S. Deutschland (date unknown)
Upon his return to Germany, Mendelsohn experienced pendulum shifts between commercial success and dismal failure. Indeed, the years between 1924 and 1933 were very fruitful for the architect. In addition to his expressionist fantasy, the Einsteinturm in Potsdam, Mendelsohn also finished some of his most significant and memorable works. His Schocken department stores in Nuremberg, Chemnitz, and Stuttgart all featured his signature curvilinear facades. Unlike these buildings, his domestic projects were all flat-roofed cubic compositions. In 1936, however, after Adolf Hitler's election as Reichschancellor, and eager to escape incipient anti-Semitism in Germany, Mendelsohn moved to England. He became a British citizen, dropped the "h" from his name and entered into a partnership with Serge Chermayeff. Though their working relationship may have been contentious, the two designed one of the first welded steelframe buildings, the De La Warr pavilion at Bexhill-on-Sea. Impoverished, with seized assets, and excluded from German Architects' Union, Mendelsohn turned to his good friend, Chaim Weizmann, who helped the struggling architect open an office in Jerusalem in 1940.
Mendelsohn's Palestinian projects mark a different stage of his creative trajectory. Gone are the dynamically expressive forms of the Einstein Tower. Here, the volumetric explorations of the Hat Factory at Luckenwald are replaced with a much more sober, staid style. Buildings such as the Hadassah-Hebrew University medical complex in Jerusalem or the Anglo-Palestine Bank have a decidedly regional influence: built of white stone with domes and brises-soleil, these structures not only reference the sun of this part of the world, but the nearby Arab architectures that so fascinated Mendelsohn. Though the architect desired to build all of Palestine, he had few projects before his eventual move to the United States in 1941.
Working out of offices in New York and California, and while on the lecture circuit, Mendelsohn again evoked the same images of fire that he saw in Lang's photographs of Broadway. He abandoned the subtler criticism underlying these earlier images, instead prophesizing a fiery vision of a war, a conflict whose winds would cause uncontrollable conflagrations and "strike dead the past and all who ride with it."[8] An eerie premonition indeed, for only a couple of years later, working as a consultant for the United States Chemical Warfare Service (CWS) and Standard Oil Development Company, Mendelsohn would be instrumental in helping the United States Army Air Force perfect the dark business of firebombing.
Erich Mendelsohn, Konrad Wachsmann, and Antonin Raymond, "Typical German and Japanese Test Structures" (Built, Rebuilt and Destroyed, 1943-1944) Dugway Proving Ground, Tooele County, Utah (Source)
In 1943, the CWS and Standard Oil entrusted Mendelsohn with describing how a singular building could represent the whole of the German world "in a pot." The goal of this project was the design and construction of a series of "Typical German Test Structures" – replicas of apartment housing blocks in major German industrial-residential areas. These structures not only faithfully replicated the interiors and exteriors of buildings in major German cities, but they were the result of a concentrated and directed program of research spearheaded by Mendelsohn and Konrad Wachsmann. This project marked the end of a tedious and controversial program inaugurated by the National Defense Research Committee in 1942 for the design and development of incendiary munitions, culminating in the creation of the M69 napalm-based incendiary bomb.[9]
Test of M69 bomb on Mendelsohn's and Wachsmann's "German Village" (1943) (Source)
Writing from Jerusalem in 1935, Mendelsohn summed up his work to his wife: "I am drawing up plans, I am alive. I am building for the country and rebuilding myself. Here I am both a peasant and an artist – instinct and intellect – animal and human being."[10] The tone is optimistic, reflective. Perhaps Mendelsohn did not characterize his working in Palestine as a part of an exile. For him, it was a return to a religious and ancestral home, only short-lived by his inability to get a city planning commission. He realized that emigration to the United States would bring necessary professional and pecuniary benefits.
Mendelsohn would never go back to Germany. In his offices at Croton-on-Hudson, New York and San Francisco, California, the architect would design the very artifacts documenting an exile without return. Away from Palestine, half-blind and with failing health, Mendelsohn completed designs for synagogues, community centers: all evocative of his wish to create architectures of faith. And only several years before he completed these projects, a War Department consultant eager for work, Mendelsohn would return home. Not to Palestine, but Germany. His last act as a German architect would be to recreate his own Ithaca, home and hearth, in the alkali flats of Tooele County, Utah.
S.S. Cap Arcona, shortly after launch (top), and after attack on 26 April 1945 (bottom)
The very vessel that inaugurated Mendelsohn's own travels met a fate similar to that of the "Typical German Test Structure" built in Utah and many Northern and Central European cities from 1943 onwards. In early 1945, back from service at Gotenhafen, the Kriegsmarine retrofitted the Deutschland as a hospital vessel. On 26 April 1945, a little more than a week before Germany's unconditional surrender, the Deutschland, along with the S.S. Cap Arcona, and the smaller Athen and Thielbek, were part of an orchestrated effort to transfer prisoners from the nearby concentration camps at Neuengamme and Mittelbau-Dora to neutral Sweden from the Bay of Lübeck. Due to a shortage of white paint, only some of the vessels could be marked with proper hospital markings. And later that day, acting on uncorroborated intelligence reports that a naval attack on Norway was commencing, fighter-bombers from the Royal Air Force's Second Tactical Squadron, 83 Group, attacked the flotilla from the northwest with rockets and bombs. After listing helplessly in the frigid waters, the Cap Arcona, Thielbek, Athen and Deutschland all burned and sank to the bottom of the bay. Survivors who managed to swim back to land were promptly executed by SS guards. 7,000 refugees were killed.
[1] Homer, The Odyssey, Robert Fagles, trans. (New York; Penguin, 1999): 289.
[2] Erich Mendelsohn to Louise Mendelsohn, 1924 in Oskar Beyer, ed., Erich Mendelsohn: Breife eines Architekten (München: Prestel Verlag, 1961): 60.
[3] "Das Typisch Amerikanische"
[4] "Hafen der Welt. Verkünder des neuen Landes, der Freiheit und des hinter ihr liegenden unermeßlichen Reichturms." Erich Mendelsohn, Amerika: Bilderbuch eines Architekten (Berlin: Rudolf Mosse Verlag, 1928): 12. Compare a more recent version of the book, where the same passage is translated as "Port of the world. Announcer of the new country, of liberty and what lies behind it: measureless wealth, the most reckless exploitation, gold seekers and world domination." Stanley Appelbaum, trans., Erich Mendelsohn's "Amerika": 82 Photographs (New York: Dover Publications, 1993): 1.
[5] Louise Mendelsohn to Bruno Zevi, in Zevi, Erich Mendelsohn: The Complete Works (Boston: Birkhauser Verlag, 1997): 80-81.
[6] Appelbaum, trans., Erich Mendelsohn's "America", p xi.
[7] "Das ist keine Stadt im europäischen Sinn, das ist die Welt, ganz, in einem Topf." Erich Mendelsohn to Louise Mendelsohn, October 16, 1924, in Erich Mendelsohn: Breife eines Architekten (München: Prestel Verlag, 1961): 61.
[8] Erich Mendelsohn to William Bruck, quoted in Tom Vanderbilt, Survival City: Adventures Along the Ruins of Atomic America (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002): 73.
[9] For more information about the design and development of the M69 incendiary bomb, see Louis F. Fieser. The Scientific Method: A Personal Account of Unusual Projects in War and in Peace (New York: Reinhold, 1964), Chemical Corps Association, The Chemical Warfare Service in World War II: A Report of Accomplishments (New York: Reinhold, 1948), and Charles Sterling Popple, Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) in World War II (New Jersey: Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, 1952). Materials regarding the results of the M69 trials at Dugway Proving Ground are located at the National Archives: ETF 550 E-2844: Military Intelligence Division, Great Britain – "Dropping Trials of Incendiary Bombs against Representative Structures at Dugway, USA, October 12, 1943", Edgewood Arsenal Technical Files Relating to Foreign Chemical Radiological, and Biological Warfare Retired to the Defense Intelligence Agency for Reference Purposes (Entry 1-B), Records of the Defense Intelligence Agency (Record Group 373), and ETF 550 E-2844: Military Intelligence Division, Great
Britain, IBTP/Report/128, "Comparison of the Japanese Targets and Test Results at the Building Research Station, Edgewood Arsenal and Dugway Proving Ground, H.M. Llewellyn, M.A. London", Report No. R3583-45, June 29, 1945, Edgewood Arsenal Technical Files Relating to Foreign Chemical Radiological, and Biological Warfare Retired to the Defense Intelligence Agency for Reference Purposes (Entry 1-B), Records of the Defense Intelligence Agency (Record Group 373).
[10] Erich Mendelsohn to Louise Mendelsohn, 1935, quoted in Zevi, p. 234.


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Zimba (TR) turns 13 years
Justin (BL) turns 11 years
Zimba (TR) turns 13 years
Justin (BL) turns 11 years
Just love seeing these handsome oldies. I have an 11 year old - he's doing just fine. Hope he makes it to Zimba's age. Zimba looks really fit for 13 and Justin looks remarkably like my Oliver - same look on his face.
Madison (ruby, born 9/2003), and Oz (tri-color, born 7/2007)
In loving memory: Oliver (blenheim) 2001-2015; Riley (black & tan) 2002-2017
I love seeing photo's of handsome distinguished lads, and they are both stunners. They both look super healthy too, which is a credit to yourself.
I only hope my Jessie is as happy and healthy at that age too. Big hug for your handsome fellas.
Beautiful boys a great age too, a credit to you!
In memory of :
Gus(blenhiem) Nov 2001 - Dec 2015 Pippin Feb 2004-Nov 2017 (tri) DJ(ruby) June 2004 - Nov 2015


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SXSW dedicates itself to helping creative people achieve their goals. Founded in 1987 in Austin, Texas, SXSW is best known for its conference and festivals that celebrate the convergence of the interactive, film, and music industries.
The SXSW Conference provides an opportunity for global professionals at every level to participate, learn, and network. Featuring a variety of tracks, films and music showcases that allow attendees to explore what's next in the worlds of entertainment, culture, and technology, SXSW proves that the most unexpected discoveries happen when diverse topics and people come together.


text: Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums :: View topic - help me Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in help me Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> English Schools View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message alnc8Joined: 03 Dec 2004Posts: 4 Posted: Tue Dec 07, 2004 6:59 am Post subject: help me i am from Chinese, my english is not good.espacially,speaking is my big problem, i don't kown how to express my mind with using english words. when i talk to a native english person, i feel nervous. in a word, my speaking is worst,worst ,worst. can you tell how can i improve my speaking??? if i need to find a native english person to talk with him?? who can help me????????? Back to top alnc8Joined: 03 Dec 2004Posts: 4 Posted: Fri Dec 10, 2004 4:23 am Post subject: sad nobody can help me,give me some advice, or make friends with me Back to top emirates soulJoined: 04 Oct 2004Posts: 31Location: UAE-alain Posted: Sat Dec 11, 2004 10:29 pm Post subject: hi why not>>??? you can find afriend to talk with i think you can not improve your english speaking without communicate with some one...... Back to top VolfnerJoined: 27 Dec 2004Posts: 8 Posted: Mon Dec 27, 2004 2:30 am Post subject: hey , i am from China 2 ! where r u located ? i am in Tianjin , glad 2 be your friend ! the name is peter ! oicq:64811716_________________http://www.blogcn.com/user22/nomad324/index.html Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> English Schools All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Student Forums----------------ComputersCurrent NewsCultureEnglish SchoolsFamilyFilm and CinemaFoodHealth and FitnessHelp CenterHobbiesHolidaysLearning EnglishLiteratureMaking FriendsMusicOpinionsPetsScienceSportsThe Strange and MysteriousTOEFL and Other English ExamsTravel You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Dave's ESL Cafe is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Banner Advertising | Bookstore / Alta Books | FAQs | Articles | Interview with Dave Copyright © 2018 Dave's ESL Cafe | All Rights Reserved | Contact Dave's ESL Cafe | Site Map Teachers College, Columbia University: Train to Teach English Here or Abroad Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group


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The status of these offers fluctuates. Please read the details on the Amazon product page before ordering.
LEGO Lord of the Rings $10 Credit
Silent Hill: Book of Memories $5 Promotional credit toward the purchase of Silent Hill HD Collection or Silent Hill: Downpour.
Super Monkey Ball: Banana Splitz (Vita) $5 Credit
Victorious: Taking the Lead $5 Credit
XCOM: Enemy Unknown $15 Credit
Sometimes accurate pudding on Amazon is located here.
Amazon Credit & GC Deals FAQ by Lucian
1. What is Amazon game credit? How is it different than a gift card?
2. What about the expiration date? Does this mean I can't use it on a preorder that releases after the expiration date?
3. Can I stack game credit?
4. When will I get my game credit or gift card?
5. Can I use game credit and gift cards on the same order?
6. I want to order two (2) copies of Newborn Ninja Assassins 2 because of the $15 game credit. Will I get $30 in credit?
7. What if I order one (1) copy of Newborn Ninja Assassins 2 for PS3 and one (1) copy for Xbox 360? Will I get 2 game game credits now?
8. A credit was just added to a game that I already had preordered. Do I need to cancel my order to qualify for the credit?
9. How can I check my credit balance?
Other Amazon-related questions
1. Why does my order say the estimated ship date is a week after release?
2. My Amazon Prime or Prime trial is going to expire in a few days. What happens to my existing orders or preorders?
Edited by io, 20 June 2012 - 08:55 PM.
Removed Brave


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Written by Sarah
My friend AB came up with a great term to describe how Charlie Sheen has sunk his TORNADO OF AWESOME—she called it the "torpedo of awesome". Brilliant term, because "torpedoed" is exactly what Sheen has done to his run of hilarious and highly entertaining crazy.
A lot of you have been upset that I'm enjoying Charlie Sheen's TORNADO OF AWESOME. He's sick, you said. It's disturbing, you said. Isn't this sad smut? For some of you it is. And that's cool. But I wasn't comfortable with everyone tearing apart Nicole Kidman's recent baby drama and I just had to ride it out because pretty much everyone else was down to talk about it. We all have a line and it's different for each of us. I got a kick out of Charlie Sheen because, based on all the same public ramblings we all saw, I drew the conclusion not that he is sick but that he is a giant asshole who was allowed to indulge the worst of his habits for so long that now that's all there is left—the sum total of Charlie Sheen's bad habits. And yeah, I do think there's a fiduciary component to the saga that's being somewhat overlooked because of all this erratic behavior. Now that Sheen's been officially canned, the lawsuits will start in earnest.
This time last week Charlie Sheen was the most entertaining thing to come along in a while and everyone was wondering—what's next? What could Charlie Sheen possibly do to top this? The answer is his Youtube show "Sheen's Korner" and "nothing". "Sheen's Korner" is sad not because it's a desperate cry for help, though fine if you see it that way, but because Charlie Sheen is so obviously trying now. He reminds me of something a veteran standup comic told me once—don't ever wing it. It feels less organic now. Am I just tired of it? I don't think so, because when Charlie Sheen's response to his firing involved the phrase "whatshiscock" I laughed pretty hard. It just feels like Charlie Sheen started something he can't sustain and now he's winging it.
But maybe his intern will help straighten that out. For those unwilling to believe that there's a financial component yet, does the soliciting of a "social networking intern" and meetings at Live Nation make a difference? He's already set up to start cashing in on his catchphrases by selling t- shirts—could a radio show or live tour be in the future? Who knows? Better question—who cares? Because now, one week later, Charlie Sheen isn't even the funniest Charlie Sheen. Bill Hader is a good Charlie Sheen. Jimmy Fallon is maybe the best Charlie Sheen – see below. Then there's this. And of course this.
The thing about tornadoes is that even the biggest of them eventually lose strength and peter out. Charlie Sheen's TORNADO OF AWESOME has been replaced with Charlie Sheen's Try. It remains to be seen whether or not the TORNADO OF AWESOME laid waste to his chances at winning any of the inevitable breach of contract lawsuits to come, or if he can still come out on top, winning. Duh.
Attached – Charlie Sheen with one of the "goddesses" yesterday at Live Nation declaring victory with a machete and a bottle of Tiger Blood.
Photos from Wenn.com


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Retirees need not only income, but also cost of living adjustments (known as COLA). Otherwise, inflation can erode their purchasing power as the years go on.
If you are retired and fortunate enough to derive income from a pension, the COLA can still be a sore subject. That's because if you have a government pension, you may be subject to politicians' whims on how much of an annual increase, if any, you can expect.
But an increasing number of retirees don't have traditional pensions and must rely on a combination of investment income, tax-deferred savings and Social Security to cover their expenses.
Retirement plans need to be centered around how much income you will need to maintain a desired standard of living. But you must also consider inflation. Over time, fuel prices rise, as do property taxes and medical expenses. A sad fact is that seniors are sometimes forced out of their homes because prices are climbing all around them.
If you have a pension, that is a wonderful thing, but the pension COLA may disappoint you year after year. Your Social Security COLA may also be grossly inadequate. So it is very important not only to sock away a large nest egg to generate your own investment income, but also to figure out how to make that income continue to grow.
During this long period of historically low interest rates, stocks have become a viable alternative for income because dividends have provided bigger payouts than bonds. But simply looking for the highest dividend yields isn't enough. You must do additional research to make sure the company can comfortably support the dividend from its cash flow, and then go further and consider whether the firm is in a position to increase its dividend.
Bill McMahon, ThomasPartners' chief investment officer, said in an interview that he favors conservative companies in mature industries when selecting dividend stocks. Those firms tend to watch what they spend money on.
"We tend to have a skeptical eye toward heavy capital spending," he said. "Those investments tend to be pro-cyclical. They expand at the top of the cycle and retrench at the bottom."
McMahon added that "companies have been conservative after the downturn," and have limited capital expenditures. "That's a good thing for the income investor."
Shying away from companies that make significant investments in their businesses seems counterintuitive to investors focused on growth, but it can work for those who want income.
ThomasPartners, based in Wellesley, Mass., specializes in dividend strategies for individual customer accounts. The main objective is income, but McMahon also looks to "grow the income stream over time, and boost total return over time."
As we have recently discussed, the performance of the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats Index shows that dividend stocks don't need very high yields to outperform the broader market over time, and there is a close correlation between long-term gains and consistent dividend increases. We also identified our own list of "dividend champs" by identifying 43 components of the S&P 1500 that had raised their dividends 29 consecutive years, and saw a similar trend for outperformance.
Retired investors are looking to grow their income, and in order to identify stocks that are in a good position to increase dividends, McMahon's favored approach is to look at a company's free cash flow yield. Free cash flow is a company's remaining cash flow after capital expenditures. The free cash flow yield is free cash flow divided by market capitalization. McMahon calls the difference between the free cash flow yield and the current dividend yield "headroom."
The greater the headroom, the easier it is for a company to raise dividends, as the theory goes. ThomasPartners does this analysis on a 12-month trailing basis, and also estimates free cash flow for the subsequent 12 months. McMahon also said that for financial firms, the cash flow yield analysis doesn't work as well, and that his team looks at dividend payouts as a percentage of earnings per share.
We have developed our own list of stocks that appear to have plenty of room for dividend increases, based on their free cash flow yields, using data provided by FactSet. Starting with the components of the S&P 500 Index, we identified the five stocks with current dividend yields of at least 3% that also had the most headroom to raise dividends, based on free cash flow per share over the previous 12 months. In order to take a somewhat more conservative approach, we limited the list to companies showing growth in sales per share over two years.
Here's the list, starting with companies that had the highest headroom to raise dividends:
As you can see, there are familiar names, with three "old large-cap technology" companies. Here's more information about all five companies:
Among S&P 500
The stock trades for 12.9 times the consensus 2015 earnings estimate of $3.85 among analysts polled by FactSet. That's the highest forward price-to-earnings ratio among the five stocks listed here, but it is significantly lower than the forward P/E ratio of 14.3 for the S&P 500. The consensus 2014 EPS estimate is $3.54.
Over the past 12 months, Verizon's free cash flow per share has totaled $7.23, according to FactSet, for a free cash flow yield of 14.54%, providing plenty of room for a dividend increase.
For more on Verizon, including Berkshire Hathaway Inc.
Please see the next page for four more companies that can easily increase their dividends.
Western Union
Shares of Western Union Co.
The shares trade for 10 times the consensus 2015 EPS estimate of $1.57. The consensus 2014 EPS estimate is $1.46.
Western Union's free cash flow over the past 12 months has totaled $1.74 per share, for a free cash flow yield of 11.05%.
Seagate Technology
Seagate Technology PLC
The company pays a quarterly dividend of 43 cents for a yield of 3.31%.
The stock trades for 9.5 times the consensus 2015 EPS estimate of $5.49. The consensus 2014 EPS estimate of $5.05.
Free cash flow over the past 12 months has totaled $5.11 a share, for a free cash flow yield of 9.83%.
Shares of Ford Motor Co.
The stock trades for 8.6 times the consensus 2015 EPS estimate of $1.87. The consensus 2014 EPS estimate is $1.33. That's the lowest forward P/E among the stocks listed here, and quite low when compared to most other profitable U.S. companies, even though the consensus expectation is for EPS to rise 41% next year.
Investors continue to distrust U.S. car manufacturers, although Ford — unlike General Motors Co.
Among sell-side analysts, sentiment for Ford is mostly positive, with 11 "buy" ratings, seven "hold" ratings and one "sell" rating.
The company's free cash flow over the past 12 months has totaled $1.43 a share, for free cash yield of 8.90%.
Rounding out the list is Cisco Systems Inc.
The stock trades for 11.4 times the consensus 2015 EPS estimate of $2.15. The consensus 2014 EPS estimate is $2.03.
Free cash flow over the past 12 months has totaled $2.15 a share, for a free cash flow yield of 8.76%.
More must-reads from MarketWatch:
Repo-man stock recovers money for investors
5 value stocks for investors who fear the worst


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State Representative Kristy Pagan is serving in her third term in the Michigan House of Representatives. She represents the 21st House District, which comprises the city of Belleville and the majorities of Canton and Van Buren townships. Rep. Pagan was reappointed to the powerful House Appropriations Committee for a third term. She will remain focused on increasing education funding as Democratic vice chairwoman of the School Aid and Department of Education Appropriations Subcommittee. She also serves as the Democratic vice chairwoman of the Corrections Appropriations Subcommittee and is a member of the Judiciary Appropriations Subcommittee.
Pagan was born in Belleville and raised in Canton, where she graduated from Salem High School. After graduating from Western Michigan University, Pagan, like many young people, struggled to find meaningful work in Michigan. Instead, she moved to Washington, D.C., where she worked in child nutrition policy for a nonprofit organization and took night classes to earn her master's degree in political management from The George Washington University. Pagan went on to work in education policy with U.S. Sen. Debbie Stabenow.
In 2011, Pagan moved back to her Michigan hometown and started her own business dedicated to civic and community engagement. In addition to running her small business in Canton, she worked at Wayne State University Law School, where she helped make higher education more accessible and affordable for students.
Pagan is very active in her community. She serves on the Canton Community Foundation Board of Directors and the Advisory Council for the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) program at Canton High School. Additionally, Pagan serves on the Board of Directors for Michigan Youth in Government program, and serves as a mentor for the "Lead Like a Girl" initiative in Canton.


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Among recent enforcement actions taken by the SEC and FINRA were charges against a father and son, along with their Chicago-area advisory firm, for making undeclared trades and then cherry-picking the profitable ones for their own accounts, while assigning the unprofitable ones to clients; charges against the city of South Miami for defrauding investors on the tax-exempt status of municipal bonds; and censure and a hefty fine over misleading brochures.
Father and Son Charged by SEC for Cherry-Picking Trades
Father and son Charles J. Dushek and Charles S. Dushek, and their advisory firm, Lisle, Ill.-based Capital Management Associates (CMA), were charged with defrauding clients by cherry-picking stock trades so that the profitable ones went into the Dusheks' accounts while the losing trades went into client accounts. The scheme brought the Dusheks almost $2 million in illicit profits, which they spent on luxury homes, vehicles and vacations.
The Dusheks, says the SEC, were particularly successful in achieving positive returns—but only in their own accounts, since they waited anywhere from a day to several days to declare whether any given trade out of more than 13,500, for more than $350 million in securities purchases, turned a profit. If so, the Dusheks usually assigned the profitable trade to their own accounts; if not, the trade was usually consigned to the account of an unwitting client.
They kept up this charade for 17 consecutive quarters, not keeping any written records of trades in client funds or personal funds so that they could assign the successful trades to themselves and the losers to their clients, many of whom were senior citizens. They were so diligent about it that one of Dushek Sr.'s personal accounts gained some 25,000% from 2008–2011. His clients, on the other hand, mostly lost money.
Even though Dushek Sr. had no other source of income but the trades and his Social Security checks, he spent lavishly on his 6,500-square-foot luxury home, which boasted separate equestrian facilities, and on other goodies: a Mercedes Benz SL550 and other luxury vehicles, membership in a luxury vacation resort and vacations abroad. Dushek Jr. devoted his own illicit profits to payments for a boat slip and vacations to ski resorts and to Hawaii.
Even their brochures were deceptive, claiming that reports of the firm's proprietary trading activities were submitted to an associate for review, when there were no such reports and no review.
The Dusheks and their firm are charged with fraud, and the SEC seeks the return of ill-gotten gains with interest and additional penalties.
SEC Charges City of South Miami with Defrauding Investors
The city of South Miami, Fla., was charged by the SEC with defrauding investors concerning the tax-exempt financing eligibility of a mixed-use retail and parking structure being built in its downtown commercial district.
Originally, the city sought the financing to develop a public parking garage. To do this, it borrowed about $12 million in two pooled conduit bond offerings through the Florida Municipal Loan Council (FMLC).
However, over time the project turned into a mixed-use retail and public parking structure to be developed by a for-profit developer. The initial lease agreement with the developer specified that the city would be responsible for all construction costs except the retail portion and would retain full control over operation and maintenance of the garage segment as well as all parking revenues.
Limiting the developer's part in the arrangement was critical to qualifying for tax-exempt financing. IRS regulations specify that the project qualified for tax-exempt financing only if its use by the for-profit developer was kept to a minimum.
South Miami approved the financing for construction of the tax-exempt portion of the project and went ahead with the first of its two FMLC bond offerings in 2002. But when bond counsel got a copy of the city's lease agreement with the developer, a potential tax issue was flagged because of the mixed public-retail nature of the project. Bond counsel told the city's then-finance director and city officials in subsequent conference calls that no funds from the bond offering could be used to finance the retail portion of the structure. Subsequent finance directors, however, neither knew about these conversations nor understood how the lease agreement affected the tax status of the bonds. They also had no previous experience, training or guidance on disclosure requirements or tax issues in bond offerings. As a result, a revision to the lease agreement in 2005, prior to the second FMLC bond pool offering in 2006, leased both the retail space and the parking garage to the developer, and by doing so invalidated the tax-exempt status of the bonds.
South Miami never told the FMLC, bond counsel, or any third parties about the project changes, and the documents it prepared for the second bond offerings thus contained material misrepresentations and omissions about the changed lease and the use of the proceeds from the offering.
The city kept saying in annual certifications from 2003 to 2009 that it was in compliance with the terms of the loan agreement and that no material changes had occurred to affect the bonds' tax-exempt status. But in July of 2010, the city filed a material event notice with the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board's Electronic Municipal Market Access (EMMA) system that acknowledged the change and threat to the status of the bonds.
South Miami agreed to settle the SEC's charges and to retain an independent third-party consultant to oversee its policies, procedures, and internal controls for municipal bond disclosures.
Separately, the city settled with the IRS by paying $260,345 and defeasing a portion of the two prior bond offerings at a cost of $1.16 million. Because of the city's settlement and payments, bondholders were not financially harmed and are not required to include any interest from the bonds in their gross incomes.
FINRA Censures, Fines Firms on Misleading Brochures
Hartford Investment Financial Services and Hartford Life Distributors, now known as Forethought Distributors, were censured and fined $100,000, jointly and severally, by FINRA. The agency found that a mutual fund brochure Hartford Life prepared and distributed, and which was approved by Hartford Investment, the chief investment advisor to the fund, made statements regarding the fund that were unwarranted and misleading in light of changing conditions in the bank loan market.
Specifically, the brochure claimed that the fund was appropriate for bond investors concerned about the price stability of their investments, provided the potential for greater price stability compared with other fixed-income investments, and was appropriate for investors seeking some degree of capital preservation. However, market conditions during the period in which the brochure was prepared and distributed made these claims inaccurate.
The brochure was also approved at least twice, without changes to those claims, after Hartford Investment became aware of their inaccuracy; about 2,450 copies of the brochure were distributed with the inaccurate claims.
Also, even though the board of the mutual fund was advised of concerns about the bank loan market and the fund, none of Hartford Investment's employees responsible for approving the fund's advertising materials were present at the meetings during which these concerns were presented.
Both firms' WSPs also had no means by which they could make sure that those responsible for drafting or reviewing advertising materials would be informed of material facts concerning relevant conditions in the bank loan market or the mutual fund's performance.
The firms neither admitted nor denied the findings, but consented to the sanctions.
Read SEC, FINRA Enforcement Roundup: Husband and Wife Divert Funds to Buy Home on AdvisorOne.


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Alexian Truffle Mousse 5oz
Item# A2G6005
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Made with turkey and chicken liver, sherry, truffles, wild mushrooms and spices, our truffle mouse pâté is a delightful mixture of rich, sensuous flavors and creamy, delicate textures. This mousse pâté features truffles, which have been used in Europe as culinary delights since ancient times and recently have increased in popularity among chefs and home cooks all over the world.
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Requires 1-day shipping.