text:
Gambling Act 2005
- Current Licensing Applications
- New Licences
- Conditions
- Main functions of Licensing Authorities
- Application forms
- Further information
The Gambling Act 2005 ("the Act") replaced most of the existing law about gambling in Great Britain and put in place an improved, more comprehensive structure of gambling regulation.
The Act introduced a unified regulator for gambling in Great Britain, the Gambling Commission, and a new licensing regime for commercial gambling (to be conducted by the Commission or by Licensing Authorities, depending on the matter to be licensed).
The Act removed from licensing justices all responsibility for granting gaming and betting permissions, which they had exercised previously. Instead, the Gambling Commission and ourselves will share between us responsibility for all those matters previously regulated by the licensing justices.
Premise and Permit Licence holders, ourselves and other agencies must all work to promote the three Gambling Licensing objectives which are:
- Preventing gambling from being a source of crime or disorder, being associated with crime or disorder or being used to support crime;
- Ensuring that gambling is conducted in a fair and open way; and,
- Protecting children and other vulnerable persons from being harmed or exploited by gambling
Under the provisions of the Act we are required to produce a Statement of Gambling Licensing Policy which sets out how we intend to administer the Act.
We will undertake various regulatory functions in relation to a number of gambling activities and we will be responsible for:
- The issuing of Premise Licences for the provision of gambling activities;
- The issuing of Permits for Unlicensed Family Entertainment Centres, Club Gaming, Club Machines, Licensed Premises Gaming Machines and Prize Gaming;
- The issuing of Provisional Statements;
- The receiving and endorsing of Temporary Use Notices;
- The receiving of Occasional Use Notices; and,
- The registering of Small Lotteries
The Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) have prepared a leaflet to help you understand the Act and the role that we, as Licensing Authority, will now have in determining and regulating the gambling industry in our local area.
New Licences
The Gambling Act 2005 provides for three categories of licence:
- Operating licences (awarded by the Gambling Commission)
- Personal licences (awarded by the Gambling Commission)
- Premises licences (awarded by Licensing Authorities e.g. Haringey)
Each type of licence may have conditions attached to it. Conditions may be attached in a number of ways:
- They may attach automatically, having been set out on the face of the Act
- They may attach through regulations made by the Secretary of State
- They may be attached to operating and personal licences by the Gambling Commission
- They may be attached to premises licences by licensing authorities
Conditions may sometimes be general in nature (i.e. they attach to all licences or all licences of a particular class) or they may be specific to a particular licence.
Main functions of Licensing Authorities
The main functions of the Licensing Authorities are:
- Responsibility for the licensing of premises where gambling activities take place by the issue of premises licences
- Issue of Provisional Statements (provisional approvals for premises not yet built)
- Grant permits for gaming and gaming machines in clubs and miners' welfare institutes
- Granting of permits for the use of certain lower stake gaming machines at unlicensed Family Entertainment Centres
- Regulate gaming and gaming machines in alcohol licensed premises
- Registering small societies' lotteries
- Grant permits for prize gaming
- Consider notices given for the temporary use of premises for gambling
- Consider occasional use notices for betting at tracks
- Providing information to the Gambling Commission regarding details of licences issued
- Maintaining registers of the permits and licences that are issued under these functions
In addition, licensing authorities are required to prepare, every three years, a statement of the principles which they propose to apply when exercising their functions, and they must publish the statement. The statement, which may also be referred to as a 'policy', can be reviewed, revised and re-published during the three-year period in which it has effect. In preparing or revising the statement, licensing authorities must follow the procedure set out in the Act, including whom they should consult. You can review our draft statement on the Gambling Act Consultation page.
Application forms
You can download applications forms from the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) website, see the external links section below.
Please Note: When emailing your application forms remember that to protect against computer viruses, email programs may prevent sending or receiving certain types of file attachments. Check your email security settings to determine how attachments are handled.
Further information
More information on the Gambling Act 2005 can be found on the Gambling Commision website (see the external links section below).
For a short summary of the transitional provisions and for gaming advice for pubs please see the attached files section below.
Licensing Team
Level 1 - River Park House
225 High Road
Wood Green
Tel 020 8489 1335
Attached files
|Gaming advice to pubs
|Short Summary of Gambling Act 2005 Transitional Provisions
|Application form for registration of non-commercial society
|Code of practice for equal chance gaming in clubs and pubs 2007
|Small Society lotteries the Law
|Small society lotteries Returns Form
|Gambling Act Fees PDF (131KB)
Useful external links
Page last updated:
Tell us what you think about the website
Covid-19 survey
We are currently running a short survey about our Covid-19 response and information. You can take the Covid-19 survey here.
Contact us about our services
Please note if you have a service problem or complaint you need help with then please visit our contact pages.
Give us feedback about this page
Please use this space to tell us how we can improve the website.
Overall, how easy was it to get the help you wanted today?
* = response required


text:
Rolex Zenith Daytona 16523 Diamond Dial
Here is another of the Rolex Zenith Daytona 16523 same as previous blog only with a gold Diamond Dial with black sub dials.
Here is another of the Rolex Zenith Daytona 16523 same as previous blog only with a gold Diamond Dial with black sub dials.
Here we have pretty much same as previous blog Rolex Zenith Daytona 16523 only this is bi metal with stainless steel, a cheaper version of the 18k solid gold Daytona. A very nice watch all the same!
Here is a truly iconic time piece which every watch collector in the world knows and loves, The Rolex Zenith Daytona 16253 in 18k gold dates back over 50 years and still highly regarded in the Collectors world.
This particular model in the zenith chronograph movement which finished producing around 2000 era, as Rolex decided to start using there on in house Rolex movements rather than use a tried and tested Zenith chronograph, made sense than use another manufacture.
The Daytona built its name on being rare and beautiful. The Daytona has many variations, its predecessor model The Paul Newman Daytona was the one that kinda made the name of Daytona as the late Paul Newman used to own a few of these time pieces in his day and wore them regular, most people when you think of Rolex Daytona think of The Paul Newman Daytona they even named a few after him which to this day command a lot of money especially the older rare Daytona's.
But this current one in the pictures has not changed much in last 10 years which is not the most collectible Daytona but all the same a great piece.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Comprehensive Genetic Testing and Genetic Counseling Services
MetroHealth offers personalized evaluations, genetic counseling and genetic testing for both children and adults.
To schedule an appointment, call 216-778-4444.
MetroHealth's Genetics Clinic offers comprehensive genetic testing services and genetic counseling services to help people understand how their genes might play a role in their health. Our master's-trained, licensed and board-certified providers have many years of experience.
We provide the following evaluations:
- cancer
- cardiovascular
- neurologic
- pediatric
- prenatal
Genetics is a rapidly evolving field of medicine that uses the information in our individual genetic makeup (our genes) to help guide our medical treatment plans. Genetic testing can be powerful, but the decision to undergo testing is very personal.
The goal at the MetroHealth Genetics clinic is to provide you with information that presents choices, minimizes unknowns and empowers you to make decisions about your health. That's why genetic counseling is part of the service we provide.
Before your test, you will meet with a genetic counselor or medical geneticist. Together, you will then review your health information and family history. Through this conversation, you will understand how genetic testing might be right for you.
Our team helps you understand the pros and cons of genetic testing so that you can make an informed choice. Even if you choose not to get tested, you may benefit from talking with our genetic counselors about your risk for a disease that seems to run in your family—and how you might reduce that risk.
Prenatal and Preconception Genetic Tests
Thinking about having a baby or are already pregnant? Consider genetic counseling if you:
- Will be 35 or older at the time of delivery
- Have a family history of a genetic condition
- Have a child with a birth defect
- Have an abnormal prenatal ultrasound or another abnormal pregnancy screening test
With results of a genetic test, your doctor and pediatrician can be better prepared for your baby's birth
Gene Testing and Cancer
Does cancer seem to run in your family? The goal of a cancer genetics evaluation is to help you understand if you're at a higher risk, so you have preventative cancer screenings and access to therapies.
Your genetic counselor makes recommendations about cancer screenings (such as mammograms and colonoscopies) based on your personal and family history, regardless of whether you choose to have testing.
Most cancer genetic testing is performed through a blood test. Our genetic counselors work with the testing lab on your behalf to be sure that genetic testing is covered by your insurance policy.
Resource: Ohio Department of Health Genetic Services Program
Call 216-778-4444 to schedule an appointment.


text:
Article Text
Background Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most important nematode affecting the respiratory tract of cats in terms of prevalence and clinical relevance. The aim of this randomised controlled field study was to confirm the efficacy of the spot-on containing emodepside/praziquantel (Profender, Bayer Animal Health) in the treatment of aelurostrongylosis.
Methods Seventeen cats with aelurostrongylosis and presenting with clinical and/or radiographic signs were included in the study. Eight cats received two biweekly doses of emodepside/praziquantel, while nine cats were allocated to a control group and received a rescue treatment at the end of the study. Clinical response was the primary outcome, while the secondary end point was the reduction of larval shedding in faeces.
Results Two weeks after the first application, the cats showed a significant, though partial, recovery of clinical signs with complete clinical and parasitological resolution. The resolution of inflammatory leucogram and a significant reduction of radiographic lesions were observed two weeks after the second treatment. Red blood cells and albumin values significantly increased after eight weeks from the second application, together with the complete regression of radiographic patterns.
Conclusion Two applications of this spot-on solution two weeks apart assured complete cessation of larval shedding and led to a complete clinical, clinicopathological and radiographic recovery.
- aelurostrongylus abstrusus<
- cats
- emodepside
- treatment
- clinical diagnosis
This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, an indication of whether changes were made, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Statistics from Altmetric.com
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most important nematode affecting the respiratory system of domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) in terms of geographical distribution and relevance in feline clinical practice. Cats become infected by ingesting intermediate (snails and slugs) or paratenic hosts such as rodents, birds, amphibians and reptiles.1
The parasite occurs worldwide and may infect all cats regardless of their habitat, lifestyle, sex and breed.2 However, outdoor access and hunting behaviour are risk factors for the occurrence of A abstrusus infection.3–6
Clinical signs associated with feline aelurostrongylosis are due to the inflammatory reaction in the alveoli, bronchioles and arteries, elicited by egg production and hatching and migration of first-stage larvae (L1s) within the respiratory tract.7 8 Clinical manifestations are variable: some animals are subclinically infected9 10 or, more often, they present with prevailing respiratory and non-specific signs such as cough, dyspnoea, tachypnoea, sneezing, lethargy and weight loss.3 4 11 Also, auscultation of the thorax usually reveals increased vesicular breath sounds, wheezing or crackles.12 Severe infections, especially in kittens and immunocompromised cats, can cause more serious clinical signs, including severe dyspnoea and occasionally death.13 14
Laboratory and radiographic abnormalities in aelurostrongylosis are non-specific and overlap those of other lower respiratory tract diseases.9 15 The haematological abnormalities may include leucocytosis often associated with eosinophilia, mild normocytic and normochromic anaemia or, less frequently, basophilia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis. Biochemistry may show increased hepatic enzymes, alterations in clotting profile, such as increase of prothrombin time, and decreased activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and fibrinogen.12 16
Thoracic radiography often reveals a pulmonary interstitial and bronchial infiltrative pattern, with alveolar and nodular patterns being less common. Thoracic radiography and findings depend on the stage of infection, infection dose and the stage of the disease, with radiographic alterations in apparently healthy but infected cats and a possible lack of radiographic lesions in the presence of overt clinical signs.10 17
To date, only few products are labelled to treat aelurostrongylosis, with differences among different countries. For example, some formulations containing fenbendazole (Panacur, MSD) are licensed in UK, and a spot-on formulation containing imidacloprid 10% w/v and moxidectin 1% w/v (Advocate, Bayer Animal Health) is licensed in Australia and recently received a positive opinion from the EU Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use of the European Medicines Agency (EMA CVMP) for the European label. In the EU two topical formulations containing emodepside 2.1% w/v and praziquantel 8.6% w/v (Profender, Bayer Animal Health) and fipronil 8.3% w/v, (S)-methoprene 10% w/v, eprinomectin 0.4% w/v and praziquantel 8.3% w/v (Broadline, Boehringer Ingelheim) are labelled for treating A abstrusus infection. Based on post-treatment larval counts, all of these products have shown an efficacy ranging around 90 per cent to 100 per cent in various experimental and field studies.18–22 However, knowledge on clinical response to treatments needs to be improved, with a particular focus on time to resolution of clinical, laboratory and radiographic alterations.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical emodepside/praziquantel for treatment of naturally occurring feline aelurostrongylosis, and specifically to determine the treatment response for clinical signs, radiographic abnormalities, clinicopathological abnormalities and A abstrusus larval shedding.
Materials and methods
This study was a randomised controlled field trial. A pretreatment inclusion screening was performed on animals referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Teramo (Italy) from April 2016 to June 2018. All animals were privately owned naturally infected cats for which each owner signed a consent form and accepted to participate in the study. Eligible animals were those that met, from day −15 to day −4, at least one of the following three criteria: a) a previous history of aelurostrongylosis; b) presence of respiratory signs and c) submitted to routine copromicroscopy and/or referred for other reasons. The cats underwent a complete clinical examination, with a thorough history, retroviral status (SNAP Feline Immunodeficiency Virus/Feline Leukaemia Virus Combo Test, IDEXX Laboratories), two orthogonal thoracic radiographs, Baermann test and PCRs from faeces and pharyngeal swabs. Clinical scores (CS) and a radiographic scores (RS) were assessed for each cat, as previously described.10 For each clinical sign (ie, food intake, activity, cough, mucous membranes, rectal temperature, ocular and/or nasal discharge, respiratory rate, respiratory movements, auscultations) 0 to 2 points were assigned, and 0 to 3 points were assigned for each radiographic alteration (ie, bronchial, alveolar, nodular interstitial, reticular interstitial). Individual faecal samples were tested with the Baermann migration method23 for the presence of A abstrusus L1, that were identified according to morphometric and morphological features.24 Their identity was genetically confirmed using species-specific PCRs on both faeces and pharyngeal swabs.25
Eligible cats were then enrolled in the study according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria as follows:
Inclusion criteria
copromicroscopic detection of A abstrusus L1, followed by the genetic confirmation of their molecular identity, and
presence of respiratory signs and/or thoracic radiographic alterations (sum of CS and RS greater than or equal to 4 points; see above).
Exclusion criteria
animals that received a macrocyclic lactone or any other anthelmintic treatment with a systemic biodistribution within the two months before the testing, or
animals affected by concomitant parasitic respiratory infections (eg, Capillaria aerophila, Troglostrongylus brevior) or other diseases, or
cats resulted positive to FeLV and/or FIV tests or,
cats weighing less than 0.5 kg.
Cats that fulfilled the above criteria were enrolled and allocated randomly in two study groups, a treatment group (T) and a control group (C) left untreated. The allocation was carried out according to a randomisation list created by the validated program RANCODE Professional V. 3.6 by IDV Datenanalyse und Versuchsplanung.
Cats were subjected to a series of clinical, laboratory and parasitological examinations according to the schedule of events reported in table 1, to assess the efficacy of the treatments in comparison with the persistence of the parasitism. The pretreatment evaluation (ie, day –3/–1) was considered as the baseline. Radiographs were evaluated by a board-certified veterinary radiologist blinded to the groups.
Cats of group T were treated two weeks apart (ie, at day 0 and day 14±2) with an application on the neck skin at the base of the skull of the topical formulation containing emodepside 2.1% w/v and praziquantel 8.6% w/v; the resulting dose range was 3–6 mg/kg bodyweight of emodepside and 12–24 mg/kg bodyweight of praziquantel. A rescue treatment with the same formulation was given to all control cats at the end of the study (ie, day 28±2) (table 1).
A thorough post-treatment clinical assessment was performed in order to detect any potential adverse event.
The assessment of treatment response was based on clinical evaluation as the primary efficacy criterion and parasitological efficacy as the secondary end point. Clinical response was assessed through an evaluation of CS and RS at baseline and at each follow-up visit after therapy. Presence/absence of clinical signs, clinicopathological abnormalities and radiographic patterns was also assessed at each control visit.
The value of larvae per gram (LPG) of faeces at the Baermann's test postbaseline at day 28±2 was calculated as per cent reduction according to the formula:
Postbaseline LPG was compared with the control group for non-inferiority at day 28±2. The values of postbaseline LPG at day 42±2, day 56±2 and day 70±2 were compared with postbaseline values at day 28±2 to evaluate the persistence of negativity of larval shedding after the treatment.
All procedures, with the exception of the radiographic examinations, were not blinded.
Statistical analysis
A statistical analysis was performed using the software GraphPad Prism V.6.01. All data were evaluated using standard descriptive statistics and reported as mean±sd or as median and range (minimum-maximum), based on their distribution. Normality was checked graphically or using the D'Agostino Pearson test. Variables sequentially collected were compared using repeated measure one-way analysis of variance or a Friedman test and a post hoc test (Holm-Sidak test or Dunn test) was performed. Data obtained from both groups were compared using unpaired t test or Mann-Whitney test, while Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables. A P value<0.05 was considered significant.
Seventeen cats met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study, that is, eight in the T group and nine cats in the C group.
At baseline, no differences were observed between the groups in terms of CS, RS and LPG count. Furthermore, the presence of clinical signs, laboratory and radiographic abnormalities was observed during pretreatment evaluation in both groups without any significant difference. History and physical findings, laboratory alterations and radiographic features at baseline of the cats enrolled are summarised in table 2.
Clinical efficacy
The median scores of cats belonging to the T group decreased constantly until the end of the study (table 3). A significant postbaseline reduction of the CS and RS was observed at day 28±2 (PCS <0.01; PRS <0.05), with a null overall score (ie, CS +RS) at the end of the study. No postbaseline differences were observed in the C group, that is, CS and RS at day 28±2 similar to those observed at the baseline (figure 1).
When compared with control cats, a significant reduction in the number of cats presenting with adventitious breath sounds, such as increased bronchovesicular lung sounds, crackles and wheeze sounds, was observed in the T group at day 14±2 (p<0.05). Even if not statistically significant, hyporexia, lethargy, ocular and/or nasal discharge and pallor of the mucosae disappeared earlier (ie, day 14±2) in treated cats compared with those left untreated. Moreover, in treated animals, a significant reduction in number of cats with cough (p<0.01) and tachypnoea (p<0.05) was observed at day 28±2 compared with untreated cats. From the same day (ie, 28±2) onwards, a complete remission of clinical signs was observed in all cats receiving emodepside/praziquantel, while cats belonging to the C group were still symptomatic (table 4).
Besides the reduction in severity of RS, at day 28±2 a significant decrease in radiographic lesions in treated cats, compared with the control group, was recorded (p<0.01). However, a complete recovery from radiographic signs, in all treated animals was achieved at day 70±2 (table 4).
No differences were detected in cats of both groups presenting with haematobiochemical abnormalities, although a resolution of inflammatory leucogram was achieved earlier (ie, day 28±2) in treated cats compared with control cats (table 4). Furthermore, in comparison with baseline values, red blood cell count and albumin levels significantly increased at day 70±2 in cats that received the treatment (p<0.01) (figure 2).
No adverse effects were recorded after the application of topical emodepside/praziquantel.
Parasitological efficacy
The mean LPG count of cats belonging to the T group was 97.5 (sd±61.1) at baseline versus 0 observed at day 28±2, with a postbaseline reduction of 100 per cent (p<0.001). Baermann's test was also negative until the end of the study, that is, at day 42±2, day 56±2 and day 70±2. The mean LPG count of the C group was 95.0 (sd±43.7) at baseline versus 140.0 (sd±101.2) at day 28±2, with a postbaseline LPG increase of 47.4%.
Emodepside belongs to the cycloocta depsipeptide class and it is effective against a wide variety of nematodes in companion animals.22 The efficacy of emodepside/praziquantel spot-on solution against the cat lungworm A abstrusus has already been shown in natural and experimental studies,12 18 22 that resulted in the label claim in 2016.26 The claim was granted based on larval count reductions and worm count reduction as efficacy criterion in two laboratory dose confirmation studies and one field study.18 22 The present data further confirm both efficacy and safety of this parasiticide formulation in guaranteeing the cessation of larval shedding in naturally infected cats.
Furthermore, the two-treatment regimen was able to assure the complete remission of both clinical and radiographic signs within 10 weeks in all treated animals. A significant improvement of clinical pictures was recorded within one month after the first administration but a partial improvement (eg, increase of food intake, disappearance or reduction of oculonasal discharge and adventitious breath sounds) was already observed two weeks after the first treatment. The second application of emodepside/praziquantel guaranteed the disappearance of all clinical signs, the recovery from radiographic lesions and a parasitological negativisation. Therefore, an apparent improvement of the clinical picture after one dosing only, should not encourage a single application regimen for treating cat aelurostrongylosis with this parasiticide. Indeed, although the single treatment resulted in a reduction of larval shedding observed by the Baermann test,18 22 two applications of Profender spot-on given two weeks apart may result in a reduction of 100 per cent of adult parasitic burden in the lungs.22
The blood tests in feline aelurostrongylosis are usually within normal limits or suggestive of a non-specific inflammatory status.12 16 An altered white blood cell count secondary to inflammation has been occasionally reported previously on lungworm infections.11 12 16 This information fit with data here obtained, as an inflammatory leucogram was observed only in four cats. However, a normalisation of leucogram pattern was observed in treated cats, in contrast with those left untreated.
Interestingly, even though increased lymphocytes secondary to an antigenic stimulation is an uncommon finding in cats,27 massive lymphocytosis has been described in experimentally induced A abstrusus infection16 and a persistent lymphocytosis, associated with secondary morphological changes consistent with lymphocyte activation, was described in two cats here. On the other hand, a transient lymphocytosis without morphological changes, observed in some of the study cats here could be related to an adrenaline response.27 Therefore, the examination of the lymphocyte morphology in blood smear is a crucial step in differentiating the possible causes of lymphocytosis in cats with A abstrusus infection.
Moreover, although parasitism is considered a common cause of eosinophilia28 and, accordingly, an increased eosinophil count has been reported in natural or experimental aelurostrongylosis,15 16 28 a persistent eosinophilia was detected here in two cats only. Therefore, as already observed,12 eosinophil counts should not be considered as a diagnostic indication for lungworms and the absence of eosinophilia should not rule out aelurostrongylosis from a differential diagnosis.
Anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia appear suggestive in feline aelurostrongylosis. In particular, anaemia secondary to the chronic inflammation is a common condition associated with A abstrusus infection12 16 29 and albumin is one of the main negative acute phase proteins, with mild reduced levels commonly observed in chronic inflammatory diseases.30 In this study, values of these analytes significantly increased in eight weeks after the second application of emodepside/praziquantel, providing a long-term parameter for the estimation of inflammatory status and clinical course. Finally, increased liver enzymes were recorded in cats of both groups and, in those receiving treatment, AST and/or ALT normalised in two weeks after the second application of emodepside/praziquantel spot-on. This suggests a potential bystander hepatic injury in cats infected by A abstrusus as increased liver enzymes have been occasionally described in feline lower airways disease15 and lungworm infections.12
To date, the Baermann method is the standard technique to diagnose A abstrusus infections.2 Nonetheless, false-negative results are possible9 and the differentiation from other nematodes, such as T brevior, requires specific expertise and skills.31 32 Therefore, the follow-up of cats affected by A abstrusus should not consist only of repeated copromicroscopy, but should encompass a careful clinical examination. In particular, the present data suggest that the clinical recovery after therapy with emodepside/praziquantel can be broken down into three phases as follows: (i) early phase, within two weeks from the first administration, characterised by a significant reduction of bronchovesicular lung sounds, crackles and wheezes, the disappearance of oculonasal discharge and the increase of both appetite and activity; (ii) middle phase, two weeks after the second administration, when a recovery from cough and tachypnoea and the resolution of radiographic lesions can be observed in the vast majority of cats. When presents at the time of diagnosis, also inflammatory leucogram and increased liver enzymes disappear in this phase; (iii) late phase, characterised by the improvement of anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia, occurring about two months after the second treatment, probably due to a progressive resolution of the inflammation. Further studies, using emodepside and other parasiticides, are warranted to confirm these preliminary data.
From a clinical point of view, each animal affected by aelurostrongylosis should undergo a thorough physical examination, a radiographic study of the thorax and a haematobiochemical profile. After diagnosis and subsequent first parasiticide treatment, a proposed timeline should be based on fortnightly controls, encompassing physical examination and Baermann test, until complete clinical recovery. The radiographic follow-up should be performed one month after the diagnosis, and then on a monthly basis until the complete resolution of radiographic alterations. As blood sampling can be difficult in cats because of their natural reluctance to be restrained, laboratory test could be delayed by up to eight weeks after the second administration of emodepside/praziquantel in those cats presenting at the diagnosis with laboratory signs of chronic inflammation (eg, anaemia, low albumin levels). If an inflammatory leucogram pattern and/or a mild increase of liver enzymes are observed at the time of diagnosis, blood test is advisable four weeks after the first visit.
This study has some potential limitations. All the procedures, with the exception of the radiographic interpretation, were not blinded. Also, even though not statistically significant, the apparent baseline imbalances in clinical severity between study groups may lead to an inaccurate evaluation of the treatment response. Finally, because of the relatively small population size, a failure to detect more specific differences between the groups cannot be excluded. Nonetheless, the efficacy of emodepside/praziquantel in treating natural cat aelurostrongylosis is confirmed in controlled field conditions. Two applications of this spot-on solution two weeks apart led to parasitological negativisation and to a general improvement of the clinical picture, via the early reduction of clinical and radiographic signs, followed by a complete remission of clinicopathological abnormalities. Further investigations on the clinical efficacy of emodepside (and other parasiticides) in treating cat lungworms in larger animal cohorts are, however, truly warranted.
The authors thank Bayer Animal Health, Germany, for their support to this study. The authors also thank Raffaella Iorio for collaborating with the present study.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests RS and FP are currently employed by Bayer Animal Health.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Ethical statement This work involved client-owned animals only and was performed with the full informed consent of the owners or legal guardians of all animals described in this work for the procedure undertaken. All the information was derived from necessary clinical interventions and the requirements of the Italian Legislative Decree 04/03/2014 n. 26 (Implementation of the Directive 2010/63 / EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes) were followed. No animals or humans are identifiable within this publication, and therefore additional informed consent for publication was not required.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data availability statement All data relevant to the study are included in the article.
Request Permissions
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center's RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.


text:
|Celtic Park
| Parkhead
|Full name
|Celtic Park
|Celtic (1897–present)
|Kerrydale Street, Parkhead, Glasgow
|Celtic (1892–present)
|Highest attendance
| 83,500 v Rangers
1 January 1938
Celtic Park is a football stadium in the Parkhead area of Glasgow, and is the home ground of Celtic Football Club. Celtic Park, an all-seater stadium with a capacity of 60,355, is the largest football stadium in Scotland and the Seventh-largest stadium in the United Kingdom, after Murrayfield, Old Trafford, the Olympic Stadium (London), Twickenham, Wembley, and Millennium Stadium. It is also commonly known by Celtic fans as either Parkhead or Paradise.
Celtic was formed in November 1887 and first laid out a ground in the Parkhead area in 1888. The club moved to a different site in 1892, however, when the rental charge was greatly increased. The new site was developed into an oval shaped stadium, with vast terracing sections. The record attendance of 83,500 was set by an Old Firm derby on 1 January 1938. The terraces were covered and floodlights were installed between 1957 and 1971. The Taylor Report mandated that all major clubs should have an all-seated stadium by August 1994. Celtic was in a bad financial position in the early 1990s and no major work was carried out until Fergus McCann took control of the club in March 1994. He carried out a plan to demolish the old terraces and develop a new stadium in a phased rebuild, which was completed in August 1998.
Celtic Park has often been used as a venue for Scotland internationals and Cup Finals, particularly when Hampden Park has been unavailable. Before the First World War, Celtic Park hosted various other sporting events, including composite rules shinty-hurling, track and field and the 1897 Track Cycling World Championships. Open-air Mass celebrations and First World War recruitment drives were also held there. Celtic Park has also been used for concerts, including performances by The Who and U2.
External links
- Details for Celtic Park (Parkhead), Glasgow WorldStadia.com
- Atmosphere at Celtic Park
- Satellite map Google Maps
- Explore Glasgow – All round the city ScotCities.com – Modern drawings of the old and the new stands at Celtic Park
- Celtic Park Scottish Football Archive
- Virtual Celtic Park Stadium Tour Wantaco
|Celtic Football Club
Current season •
Club honours •
Players •
Coaching staff •
Squads •
Celtic Park
|Scottish Premiership stadiums 2020-21
Almondvale Stadium · Celtic Park · Easter Road · Fir Park · Ibrox Stadium · McDiarmid Park · New Douglas Park · Pittodrie Stadium · Rugby Park · St Mirren Park · Tannadice Park · Victoria Park (Dingwall)


text:
A family get-together was organised by the Hyderabad city police for the families of police personnel working with various teams of its Detective Department.Around 250 persons including a large number of children turned up along with their parents to understand the police functioning and the office set-up.Hyderabad Police Commissioner Anjani Kumar and Additional Commissioner (Crimes) Shikha Goel interacted with the children and briefed them about various technologies adopted by the police for crime detection and prevention.Anjani Kumar told the media that the programme was meant to help the families of policemen understand the department better. It was a sort of interactive programme between the department and the families of police personnel who devote their time and energy to ensure a safe society. He said several children who attended the programme were motivated by the police and intend to become IPS officers when they grow up.
Copyright © 2019 suryaa.com


text:
AIIMS Delhi Recruitment 2015 for 322 Residents / Demonstrators Jobs
AIIMS Delhi Recruitment 2015 for 322 Residents / Demonstrators Jobs. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Recruitment for 322 Senior Residents / Senior Demonstrators Vacancies. AIIMS Delhi has been released a notification for 322 jobs or Vacancies. Interested and eligible candidates may apply online on or before 30th June 2015. Please read the below provided information such as educational qualification, application fees, selection procedure etc. carefully before applying for this job.
AIIMS Delhi Recruitment 2015 Details:
Recruitment Notification Highlights
Important Dates:
Last date for online application: 30-06-2015
Total Number of Vacancies: 322 Posts
Name of the Posts: Senior Residents / Senior Demonstrators
Educational Qualification:
• Medical Candidates – A postgraduate medical degree viz. MD/MS/MDS in the respective discipline from a recognized University/Institute. • Geriatric Medicine – A Postgraduate medical degree viz. MD in Geriatric Medicine or MD in Medicine from a recognized university/Institute.
• Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorder – A Postgraduate medical degree viz. MD in Medicine or MD in Respiratory Medicine from a recognized university/Institute.
• Emergency Medicine – A postgraduate medical degree viz. MD in Emergency Medicine, from a recognized university/Institute in case of non availability of candidates with Emergency Medicine qualification, candidates with M.D. Medicine will be considered for these posts and exam will be held separate for this post.
• Laboratory Medicine – A postgraduate medical degree viz. MD in Laboratory Medicine / Pathology / Microbiology / Biochemistry from a recognized University / Institute.
• Non-Medical Candidates (For subjects of Anatomy, Biophysics and Pharmacology) – The candidate should possess M.Sc Degree in the subject concerned and Ph.D in the subject concerned/allied subject from a recognized University/Institute.
• Senior Demonstrators in Medical Physics – M.Sc in Medical Physics with one year experience OR its equivalent recognized qualification OR M.Sc in Physics with Diploma in Radiological Physics.
For eligibility to applying for these posts upper age limit as on 31.07.2015 will be 33 years. This is relaxable for SC/ST candidate for a maximum period of five years. In the case of OBC candidates it is relaxable upto a maximum period of three years. In the case of Orthopaedic Physical Handicapped (OPH) candidates, this is relaxable upto maximum period of 10 years for General Category, 13 years for OBC category and 15 years for SC/ST category candidates
Pay or Salary:
• Medical – The Pay Scale of Rs.18750/- with Grade pay of Rs.6600/- per month.
• Non-Medical – The Pay Scale of Rs.16740/- with Grade pay of Rs.5400/- per month.
• Senior Demonstrators in Medical Physics – The Pay Scale of Rs.12090/- with Grade pay of Rs.4200/- per month.
An application fee for General/OBC category: Rs.1,000/- + transaction charges as applicable. SC/ST category: Rs.800/- + transaction charges as applicable. Payment should be made online or through computer generated challan form in any branch of State Bank of India (SBI) (Please refer to instructions given in this regard).
Selection Procedure: The selection procedure will be made on the performance in Written test and interview
How to Apply:
Interested and eligible candidate may apply online through the website of www.aiimsexams.org, www.aiims.ac.in and www.aiims.edu on or before 30-06-2015
[ad 07]
Related government Jobs:
- UJVNL Dehradun Recruitment 2015 for 311 Engineer Posts
- BPCL Kochi Recruitment 2015 for 73 General Workman, Chemist Trainee Jobs
- Southern Naval Command, Kochi Recruitment 2015 for 40 Attendant and Other Posts
- PKIET Puducherry Recruitment 2015 for 20 Assistant Professor Jobs
- Midhani Hyderabad Recruitment 2015 for 12 NDT Operators Posts
Be on the know,
be a winner.
Government Jobs by Education
Latest Government Jobs
- CSIR NAL Recruitment 2020 | 13 Senior Scientist and Scientist Posts | Apply Now!!
- DRDO RAC Recruitment 2020 for 167 Scientist B Posts | Apply Online @drdo.gov.in before July 20
- HPCL Rajasthan Recruitment 2020 | Apply 72 Engineer, Finance, Human Resource, Other Posts
- Karnataka Forest Guard Recruitment 2020 | Apply 339 KFD Forest Guard Vacancies @kfdrecruitment.in
Statewise Government Jobs
Bank Jobs
Latest Government Jobs
- State Bank SCO Recruitment 2019 | Apply Online | SBI 477 State Bank of India Posts
- ERDDRB Assistant Recruitment 2019 | Apply For 116 Edore Bank Assistant Posts @erddrb.in
- SLMDRB Assistant Recruitment 2019 | Apply Online | 141 SLMDRB Assistant Posts
- Kanchipuram Cooperative Bank Recruitment 2019 | Apply For KDCCB Assistant Posts | Online
PSC Jobs
Web Developer
All India Jobs was a great help for me to find my dream job.
All rights reserved - allindiajobs.in. Privacy Policy - Disclaimer


text:
Self-Portrait Floral Blush Midi Dress
The Floral Midi Dress features our floral guipure lace combined with petal fagotting and delicate organza frill details. The dress has delicate straps and a flattering v neckline framed with a sheer trim. The bodice is fitted to the waist with a grosgrain waistband whilst the skirt has a straight silhouette with full hem flounce. The dress has a nude short skirt lining for coverage.
Источник : http://www.spdress.com/selfportrait-floral-blush-m
Is the content belong to you OR do you know where to find this ?
Войти в систему, чтобы оставлять комментарии
vivianne 4 года назад


text:
Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is important in infection control and surveillance. The current nomenclature of MRSA includes the genetic background of the S. aureus strain determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) or equivalent methods like spa typing and typing of the mobile genetic element staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), which carries the mecA or mecC gene. Whereas MLST and spa typing are relatively simple, typing of SCCmec is less trivial because of its heterogeneity. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides the essential data for typing of the genetic background and SCCmec, but so far, no bioinformatic tools for SCCmec typing have been available. Here, we report the development and evaluation of SCCmecFinder for characterization of the SCCmec element from S. aureus WGS data. SCCmecFinder is able to identify all SCCmec element types, designated I to XIII, with subtyping of SCCmec types IV (2B) and V (5C2). SCCmec elements are characterized by two different gene prediction approaches to achieve correct annotation, a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST)-based approach and a k-mer-based approach. Evaluation of SCCmecFinder by using a diverse collection of clinical isolates (n = 93) showed a high typeability level of 96.7%, which increased to 98.9% upon modification of the default settings. In conclusion, SCCmecFinder can be an alternative to more laborious SCCmec typing methods and is freely available at https://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SCCmecFinder.
IMPORTANCE SCCmec in MRSA is acknowledged to be of importance not only because it contains the mecA or mecC gene but also for staphylococcal adaptation to different environments, e.g., in hospitals, the community, and livestock. Typing of SCCmec by PCR techniques has, because of its heterogeneity, been challenging, and whole-genome sequencing has only partially solved this since no good bioinformatic tools have been available. In this article, we describe the development of a new bioinformatic tool, SCCmecFinder, that includes most of the needs for infection control professionals and researchers regarding the interpretation of SCCmec elements. The software detects all of the SCCmec elements accepted by the International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements, and users will be prompted if diverging and potential new elements are uploaded. Furthermore, SCCmecFinder will be curated and updated as new elements are found and it is easy to use and freely accessible.
The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) imposes a significant burden on the public health care system, where accurate molecular typing is essential for infection control and surveillance of MRSA. The current standard MRSA nomenclature includes identification of the chromosomal background, annotated by the multilocus sequence type (ST) or clonal complex (CC) and the type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element (indicated by roman numerals I to XIII), sometimes with the addition of a letter indicating the SCCmec subtype (e.g., ST80-IVc) (1).
The key components of SCCmec are the mec and ccr gene complexes, which contain genes responsible for methicillin resistance and the mobility of the SCCmec element, respectively (2). These two gene complexes are surrounded by three highly variable joining regions (J1 to J3), which contain nonessential components of the SCCmec element but may harbor additional resistance genes (3). The currently known SCCmec elements of S. aureus all integrate at the same unique site in an open reading frame called orfX, and all have the same backbone structure with the general organization orfX-J3-mec-J2-ccr-J1, with the exception of SCCmec types VIII (4A) and IX (1C2), which have a similar organization, namely, orfX-J3-ccr-J2-mec-J1, as shown in Fig. 1, which was previously published and kindly allowed to be used here by Hiramatsu et al. (4). The combination of the mec and ccr gene complexes determines the SCCmec type, while the J1 region is used for subtyping (2). Historically, subtyping of the SCCmec element is only conducted for SCCmec types IV (2B) and V (5C2 and 5C2&5).
Genetic rearrangement of the SCCmec element can, however, result in novel elements, variants of existing SCCmec elements, and composite elements, hence complicating the nomenclature of SCCmec elements.
In 2009, the International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements (IWG-SCC) established a consensus uniform nomenclature for the SCCmec element that defined the requirements for the annotation of new SCCmec elements and provided a homepage for keeping track of approved SCCmec elements and information about them. Currently, SCCmec types I to XI are listed on the homepage (http://www.sccmec.org), while SCCmec types XII (9C2) (5) and XIII (9A) have been reported and approved by the IWG-SCC but yet not listed on the homepage.
The SCCmec typing schemes are based on several multiplex PCR (M-PCR) protocols that do not encompass the plasticity of SCCmec elements, leading to an increasing proportion of nontypeable (NT) SCCmec elements (6–8). Recent advances in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have made data essential for SCCmec typing available, but no bioinformatic tools for in silico typing of the SCCmec element have been available. Here, we introduce SCCmecFinder, an in silico web-based bioinformatic tool for the identification and typing of SCCmec elements listed by the IWG-SCC from WGS data on S. aureus isolates. Together with other existing tools for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing, SCCmecFinder enables high-throughput WGS-based typing of MRSA isolates. The tool is freely available at the Center for Genomic Epidemiology (CGE) homepage, http://genomicepidemiology.org/.
SCCmec typing by SCCmecFinder.The initial evaluation with the type I to XI reference SCCmec elements, the composite elements SCCmec types IV (2B&5) and V (5C2&5), subtypes of SCCmec types IV (2B) and V (5C2), and the two new elements SCCmec types XII (9C2) and XIII (9A) revealed concordant results for all 36 SCCmec elements. When both SCCmec typing methods (SCCmecFinder and the M-PCR-based typing) were applied to the 93 clinical isolates (Table 1), an initial concordance of 96.7% was observed (Table 1). SCCmecFinder correctly differentiated methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates from MRSA isolates in all cases. Of the 50 MSSA isolates, 3 were predicted to harbor an SCC-like element having only the type 1 ccr gene complex by SCCmecFinder. M-PCR-based typing confirmed the presence of a type 1 ccr gene complex and the absence of the mec gene and gene complex. All three isolates belonged to ST1/t127, which has previously been associated with the SCC-like element SCCfus, which contains the fusidic acid resistance gene fusC (9). The presence of the fusC gene in the three isolates was confirmed, indicating that the isolates harbor the SCCfus element. SCCmecFinder correctly predicted the SCCmec elements in 39 of the 43 MRSA isolates, with an average (k-mer) template coverage 83.83%, ranging from 44.12 to 99.79% for the 39 SCCmec elements.
SCCmecFinder and the M-PCR-based typing gave NT results for four isolates but without overlaps. Of the four isolates NT by SCCmecFinder, two could be recovered by a reassembly of the raw reads using SPAdes instead of the default assembler, e.g., Velvet, and one SCCmec element was recovered by modifying the database to the extended database, while the last isolate could not be recovered (Table 2). Upon modification of the thresholds, the percentage of concordance increased to 98.9%.
Publically available S. aureus genomes from the NCBI RefSeq database (n = 6,852) were included to evaluate the performance of SCCmecFinder on genomes with different sequencing qualities from different platforms and sources to catch possible systematic errors by SCCmecFinder and identify the most prevalent warning messages. SCCmecFinder identified 6,021 genomes as MRSA and 831 as MSSA (Table 3). Less than 8% of the predictions were accompanied by a warning. The predominant warning was the detection of multiple (more than one) ccr gene complexes and does not count for SCCmec types V (5C2&5) and IV (2B&5), as these are detectable by SCCmecFinder. Detection of multiple gene complexes complicates the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST)-based prediction, as the method is unable to resolve which gene complexes make up the SCCmec element and which may be part of an SCC-like element, and hence, in such cases, SCCmecFinder reports the detection of multiple gene complexes to alert the user to make a final decision. Failure of the BLAST-based approach to give a definitive SCCmec prediction was also among the most frequently observed warnings, often because of stringent threshold levels or insufficient assembly of contigs. SCCmecFinder always detected SCCmec types VII (5C1) and X (7C1) by only one of the approaches, which could be indicative of a systematic error by SCCmecFinder. However, further investigation revealed no systematic errors.
SCCmec subtype prediction by SCCmecFinder.The subtyping predictions by SCCmecFinder of SCCmec types IV (2B) and V (5C2) were initially evaluated by using the reference elements listed by the IWG-SCC. The evaluation showed perfect concordance. The subtyping predictions were further evaluated by comparing the findings of SCCmecFinder with those of PCR-based SCCmec typing (Table 4). Sorting on the basis of the ST type, spa type, and subtype predicted by SCCmecFinder revealed a clustering of the isolates. Comparing the clustering results with the expected subtype prediction based on the multilocus ST, the spa type, a literature search, and PCR-based subtyping revealed a high concordance of the subtyping predictions, indicating that the SCCmec (sub)types are relatively stable within the ST/spa type clone (Table 4).
Database curation and identification of novel (sub)types.SCCmecFinder is designed to detect all of the reference SCCmec types listed by the IWG-SCC, and ideally, novel SCCmec (sub)types will be added to the databases by the curator after agreement with the IWG-SCC group upon the detection of a novel SCCmec (sub)type. Likewise, we suggest that notification of the IWG-SCC should be reported in the article describing the element.
The combination of two different approaches for the prediction of the SCCmec element in SCCmecFinder creates an opportunity for the user to assess whether the SCCmec element in question is a variant of an existing element or a novel element, as SCCmecFinder provides data on the detected target genes and the k-mer template coverage. An example is S. aureus JCSC7481 (GenBank accession no. AB774378), which the authors have stated is a variant of SCCmec type V (5C2). Running the SCCmec element of S. aureus JCSC7481 through SCCmecFinder by using the reference database, an alert about contradictory predictions was produced. The k-mer template coverage was 42.4%, indicating that the element differed from the reference elements and in concordance with the conclusion of the authors that it was a variant of SCCmec type V (5C2). However, the element of S. aureus JCSC7481 has, to our knowledge, not yet been assigned by the IWG-SCC, and hence, the SCCmec element has not yet been added to the reference database (but is currently found in the extended database). Of importance; researchers are encouraged to consult members of the IWG-SCC and the curator of the SCCmecFinder database to keep the number of NT SCCmec elements low.
Conclusion.In conclusion, SCCmecFinder (https://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SCCmecFinder) is a validated tool for rapid whole-genome-based SCCmec typing of MRSA that, together with the existing tools for the in silico prediction of the multilocus ST (https://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/MLST) and spa type (https://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/spatyper), can provide a standardized nomenclature of S. aureus genomes. It is our intention that the SCCmecFinder database will be curated in a way that fulfills future needs to encompass the changing epidemiology of MRSA accompanied by increasing genetic diversity.
Construction of SCCmecFinder.SCCmecFinder combines two existing and validated gene prediction algorithms (10, 11), a BLAST-based approach and a k-mer-based approach. By utilizing the BLAST approach (BLASTn algorithm) with default thresholds set at ≥90% nucleotide identity and a minimum length of 60%, SCCmecFinder detects the presence of selected target genes, identifies the mec and ccr gene complex, and types the SCCmec element, whereas by utilizing the k-mer-approach, SCCmecFinder types the element on the basis of homology to reference SCCmec elements by identifying the number of co-occurring DNA sequences with the length k, known as k-mers, between the query genome and the entries in the curated database, of which only hits with ≥50% k-mer template coverage are considered (Fig. 2). Less stringent thresholds for the BLAST-based approach can be set, but less stringent thresholds could lead to outputs that require more downstream analysis and might give misleading annotations. The software can be found at https://bitbucket.org/genomicepidemiology/sccmecfinder.git. Prior for choosing the thresholds for each algorithm, a parameterization study was conducted.
SCCmecFinder compares the predicted SCCmec types from the BLAST- and the k-mer-based predictions and checks for contradictory results to achieve correct SCCmec annotation. Identification of SCCmec type IV (2B) or V (5C2) results in subtyping of the element. Subtyping is performed as with the typing of the SCCmec element, on the basis of a BLAST search for selected subtyping target genes from the J1 region and the k-mer-based approach. On the basis of the comparison, SCCmecFinder outputs one or more of the five possible output types, e.g., notification of a positive/negative prediction, a contradictory SCCmec type/subtype, a missing/additional gene(s), the detection of multiple gene complexes, or the presence of a possible SCC-like element. If one of the prediction approaches fails, the output will be negative but will contain information about the possible presence of an SCCmec element to guide the user to perform further analysis (Fig. 2).
Sequence databases for SCCmecFinder.Two databases were developed to support the two different approaches. For the BLAST-based approach, a collection of 37 target gene sequences (Table S1 and S2) and for the k-mer-based approach, a collection of 36 archetypal reference SCCmec were selected to represent sequences of known types available at/according to the IWG-SCC (Table S3). Additionally, an extended version of the database for the k-mer-based approach, containing all of the archetypal reference SCCmec elements and variants of SCCmec type V (5C2 and 5C2&5) from S. aureus that have not yet been validated or assigned a subtype by the IWG-SCC, was also generated (Table S4). Each entry in all three databases is accompanied by an NCBI GenBank accession number, thus allowing for the correlation of an identified gene(s)/element(s) in the query genome with an annotated gene(s)/element(s) in the archetypal reference SCCmec elements. The databases for SCCmecFinder can be found at https://bitbucket.org/genomicepidemiology/sccmecfinder_db.git.
Copyright © 2018 Kaya et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Copyright © 2018 Kaya et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Copyright © 2018 Kaya et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Copyright © 2018 Kaya et al.
This content is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
User interface and use of SCCmecFinder.SCCmecFinder builds on the common design of the CGE user interface. The upload page consists of four dropdown menus by which the type of sequencing platform can be chosen and default settings for the analysis can be changed. The output page consists of three sections, with the first reporting the presence/absence of the mecA/mecC gene. The second section is the actual output of the SCCmec prediction, in which the mec and ccr gene complexes, SCCmec type, and possible subtype from both approaches are reported. The third and last section is reporting of the genes detected by the BLAST-based approach and the top five hits from the k-mer-based approach.
Submission to SCCmecFinder can be done by using either preassembled draft genomes or raw reads from the 454, Ion Torrent, or Illumina sequencing platform. Prior to the BLAST-based prediction, 454 and Ion Torrent raw reads are de novo assembled by using Newbler, while Illumina raw reads are de novo assembled by using Velvet (10).
SCCmec typing using SCCmecFinder and validation.The integrity of SCCmecFinder was initially evaluated by submitting reference genomes and the archetypal SCCmec elements included in the k-mer reference database by using the default thresholds. After the initial validation process, draft genomes of 93 clinical isolates were submitted to SCCmecFinder without further processing.
The isolates covered a diverse collection of 43 MRSA and 50 MSSA strains representing 13 different STs of predominant MRSA and MSSA clones in Denmark. The genomes were obtained after genomic DNA extraction (DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit; Qiagen, Copenhagen, Denmark), and fragment libraries were constructed by using an in-house library protocol (12), followed by 100-bp paired-end sequencing (HiSeq; Illumina) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. De novo assembly was performed with the modified Velvet algorithm integrated into the web tool Assembler v1.2 (available at https://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/Assembler/). The in silico predictions by SCCmecFinder were evaluated by comparing the results with those predicted by the PCR-based protocol of Kondo et al. (6), M-PCRs 1 and 2. Subtyping were performed by M-PCR 3 as described by Kondo et al. (6). Composite elements were detected by ensuring the presence of both ccr gene complexes in SCCmec types IV (2B&5) and V (5C2&5), and an in-house protocol was used for the typing of ccrC1 gene alleles 2 and 8, respectively, for the verification of SCCmec type V (5C2&5) (13).
Additional genomes.Finally, 6,852 publically available S. aureus draft genomes from the NCBI Reference Sequence Database (RefSeq [https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/], accessed 16 September 2016) were downloaded to validate the SCCmecFinder outputs for any systematic errors. The assemblies were subjected to rough quality filtering on the basis of being S. aureus (determined on the basis of MLST and single nucleotide polymorphism and phylogenetic analyses), their genome size, number of contigs, and N50 value, where genomes with a size of <2.5 Mb, an N50 value of <10,000, and >1,000 contigs were discarded. All genomes were subjected to MLST (http://github.com/tseemann/mlst) and subsequently submitted to SCCmecFinder by using default thresholds.
Accession number(s).All of clinical sequences included in this study are available at the European Nucleotide Archive under project accession number PRJEB22380.
This work was supported by the Danish Ministry of Health and Prevention as part of the surveillance of MRSA, the Danish Council for Strategic Research (grant 09-067103), and the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 643476 to the COMPARE project (http://www.compare-europe.eu).
- Received December 21, 2017.
- Accepted December 27, 2017.
- Copyright © 2018 Kaya et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.


text:
Triple 5.56 Magazine Insert
- Fits in the kangaroo pouch of the SCARAB™ LT, SCARAB™ LE, LEPC, APC, or LPAC
- Holds three 5.56 magazines
- Weighs only 2 oz.
- 100% made in the USA
*Due to the pandemic there is currently a 12-16 week lead time on this product. Every effort will be made to decrease this lead time. However, until we are able to return to normal operating procedures, we cannot guarantee delivery dates. Sorry for any inconvenience this might cause. Thank you for your continued understanding and support.
The Mayflower Triple 5.56 Magazine Insert is designed to be used in the kangaroo pouch of the SCARAB™ LT, SCARAB™ LE, LEPC, APC, or LPAC or as an insert into the various models of cummerbunds with pockets. It holds three 5.56 magazines or similar sized magazines with an adjustable shock cord retention system. All hook and loop material used is color matching Velcro® Brand Fasteners. All materials and workmanship are 100% made in the USA.


text:
Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first MLive.com user to add photos or videos of A & M Photography Studio
Since 2004 the company has been providing Photographic Studios, Portrait.
Specializing in contemporary wedding photography in Gaylord, A & M Photography Studio also does portrait, fine art and commercial photography.