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A barnstorming speech from Douglas with the theme of optimism:
And then afterwards, when the BBC's Robin Brant gets hold of him for some childish questions that Douglas handles with aplomb:
Many thanks to RobinHoodUKIP for the content.
A barnstorming speech from Douglas with the theme of optimism:
And then afterwards, when the BBC's Robin Brant gets hold of him for some childish questions that Douglas handles with aplomb:
Many thanks to RobinHoodUKIP for the content.
1. Today, the Wolfe/Hookem debacle should be exploited and converted to an opportunity for managing the considerable essential/desirable changes we need to transform our UKIP from a three-issues(immigration, getting out of The European Union, protest) political organisation to one competent to become The Official UK Opposition.
We need to confront and deal with the unpleasant truths that our party is currently afflicted with selfish egotists and cliques/factions more interested in prioritising their own interests over and above UKIP and our British National Interests.
Nigel is brilliant as an orator and innovator who got us to where we are today; but he also built walls instead of bridges which has contributed to us hitting a glass ceiling.
1. At Bournemouth last month, no speaker mentioned my proffering our name change from UKIP to UKOP – UNITED KINGDOM OPPORTUNITIES PARTY – to attract our young; more important now that Theresa May is stealing most of our UKIP clothes. What is UKIP "for"?
2. We should rename all our "Chairmen" "MANGERS"; and train them accordingly – quite a number need improvements of their apolitical management and administrative skills; and are poorly supervised.
3. Motivate our grassroots to be collecting and sending all legally tenable errors of omission and commission of our political competitors to Head Office and/or approved volunteers at Regions(-to reduce costs). Inputs about optimisations of our private sector, voluntary sector, and, aggressive detailed transparent auditing of all our public sector cost-centres involving the public in support of taxpayers.
4. Our Constitution, Rules, and Regulations need revamping and tightening to counter internal subversions and sabotage by entrenched cliques/factions.
A name change ,definitely not, and as for UKOP no,no,leaves us terribly open
to "UKOP out supporting this party" to easy to rhetorically abuse.
With or without may and the treacherous tory's we are on our way out of the eu criminal cartel,a success story ….so far.
The next urgent issue on the agenda is the rise of islam and odious consequences within these Isles.
Paul Nuttall MUST fight this issue and let us the members know he is fighting this issue today preferably otherwise he must step aside,not asked to step aside but TOLD to.


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Duduzane Zuma will be back in the Randburg Magistrates' Court on Wednesday, following charges of culpable homicide and reckless driving.
Zuma is expected to take the stand as the first witness.
The son of former President Jacob Zuma is on trial for a crash which led to the death of a taxi passenger in February 2014.
In March this year, the court dismissed Zuma's application to have the culpable homicide charge against him discharged. The trial is set down for three days.
Earlier this year, another case implicating Zuma in corruption was provisionally withdrawn.
Watch a related video below:
The post Duduzane Zuma expected back in court appeared first on SABC News – Breaking news, special reports, world, business, sport coverage of all South African current events. Africa's news leader..

subset: commoncrawl


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Request a free visit0800 019 0505
To chuck or to cherish?
As the new mood for upcycling gathers momentum, here at Plumbs, we hold the key to giving shabby sofas and tatty chairs a new lease of life.
But how to tell if your furniture is best cherished or chucked? Our MD, Sarah Page offers her best advice...


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Research Bldg. #809, Tsinghua Hi-Tech Park
Tel : +86-755-26904225
E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com


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Short description
TenX offers a debit card and accompanying mobile wallet that can be funded not only with any blockchain asset. A TenX wallet can be used in almost 200 countries at over 36 million points of acceptance. TenX leverages the COMIT Standard (www.comit.network), which works in a completely trustless, instant and free manner. The TenX token, PAY, allows users to "own" part of the TenX system, as for every transaction made with the wallet, the token holder receives rewards in Ether.
When we as the co-founders of TenX got together to start this company, it was our vision to have assets on the blockchain be not only available to industry insiders, but rather something that can be used by any individual user in the "real world". Additionally, with the emergence of more and more different tokens, a growing number of users and businesses truly struggle to leverage on the existing infrastructure to make this interconnectedness of physical and virtual platforms become a reality. At TenX, we strive to offer the user access to as large as possible a range of blockchain assets at a maximum degree of convenience, while adhering to the highest security standards in the ecosystem.


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Fire service urges homeowners to be prepared as autumn approaches
PUBLISHED: 11:09 13 September 2019
Many of the 55 chimney fires Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service (CFRS) were called out to last year could have been avoided if householders took simple precautions like regular sweeping, firefighters have said.
They are urging people to make sure their chimneys are safe following on from National Chimney Fire Safety Week and want to raise awareness of safe chimney and log burner use, including the importance of regular chimney sweeping and the use of the correct fuel.
CFRS said that although chimney fires had decreased steadily in most regions, it still had to tackle more than 50 last year with many taking place in the early part of the year.
Group commander Paul Clarke, head of community fire safety, said: "While we might be enjoying the warm weather now, it won't be long before the cold weather draws in and people will begin to start using open fires and their chimneys again.
"Of the 55 chimney fires we went to in the last year, many of these could have been prevented.
"In order to keep you and your family safe from fire, and reducing the risk of serious damage to your home, it's really important that you take the necessary steps to look after your chimney, making sure it's well maintained and swept regularly."
He added: "It's also vitally important that you have working smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors in your home. They are the single most important thing you need in your home - it will alert you to a fire and give you precious minutes to escape to safety."
CFRS said the number of people using open fires was increasing and it was essential that they were used safely.
Its safety tips included using a skilled chimney engineer, keeping flues clear and well maintained, ensuring appliances were safe and that masonry chimneys were mechanically and structurally sound.
It said a fire should not be allowed to "slumber" overnight, to always use a fireguard to protect against flying sparks, to make sure embers were put out before going to bed and before buying a property check to see if there was a history for maintenance of the chimney and equipment
CFRS said chimneys should be swept by a competent contractor and a list of local HETAS approved chimney sweeps could be found at www.hetas.co.uk/find-chimney-sweep.
The fire and rescue service also offers free safe and well visits for local residents to provide advice on areas including fire safety, falls prevention and staying well at home.
More information is available from 01480 444500 or www.cambsfire.gov.uk/safeandwell.
If you value what this story gives you, please consider supporting the Royston Crow. Click the link in the orange box above for details.


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Our Resources
128 Members of Congress Press Court to Proscribe Sexual Orientation Discrimination
128 members of Congress and the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) are among advocates that have filed amici curiae ("friends of the court") briefs urging the Second Circuit Court of Appeals to reverse a ruling that sexual orientation discrimination was not protected under Title VII.
The case, which we wrote about in the context of the EEOC's landmark sexual orientation settlement, is on appeal from a New York trial court's dismissal of an employee's claim that he who was ridiculed and abused due to his supervisor's animosity toward homosexuals, in violation of Title VII. In dismissing the claim, the trial court pointed to "the line the Second Circuit has drawn, rightly or wrongly, between sexual orientation and sex-based claims." [Christiansen v. Omnicom Group, Inc., et al. (USDC SDNY 2016) no. 15 Civ. 3440 (KPF)]
Members of Congress Weigh In
In their brief, 23 Senators and 105 members of the House of Representatives argue that the Second Circuit should overturn Simonton v. Runyon, which was the case the trial court in Christiansen relied on as precedent for its decision. In Simonton, despite sexual orientation harassment so severe the court was initially hesitant to detail the facts "for the sake of decency and judicial propriety," the court ruled that "Title VII does not proscribe discrimination because of sexual orientation." [Simonton v. Runyon, 232 F.3d 33 (2000)]
The Congress members who filed the brief are all cosponsors of the Equality Act, which they refer to in the brief as a bipartisan effort to "clarify and expand current civil rights laws to better protect people of color, women and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender ('LGBT') Americans from discrimination." The brief also cites the Congress members' unique ability to "advise the Court on draft and pending legislation" and states that "different interpretations of Title VII have led to uncertainty in the workplace and left LGBT Americans inconsistently protected from workplace harassment and discrimination, despite applicable federal law."
Simonton, according to the brief, was wrongly decided because "Title VII's protections against sex discrimination necessarily include discrimination based on a person's sexual orientation."
The EEOC Weighs In
The EEOC brief also urges the Court to overturn Simonton, reasoning that "the legal underpinnings for the decision have shifted" and that "the rule that Title VII does not prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation is outdated" based on the Supreme Court's decisions recognizing protections for sexual activity and marriage regardless of sexual orientation, as well as the agency's own shifting evolution on the issue.
In a nutshell, the EEOC argues that because sexual orientation discrimination claims "necessarily involve sex stereotyping, gender-based associational discrimination, and consideration of an individual's sex, they fall within Title VII's ban on discrimination based on sex."
The White House Stays Out
Although the Obama administration has previously weighed in on workplace sexual orientation matters (including by issuing an executive order prohibiting federal contractors from discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity), the Justice Department of did not file a brief in this case, and reportedly declined to comment on the litigation.
Employers: Stay Vigilant
If your organization is not in a state ruled by the Second Circuit, does the result of this case matter to you? It does, for four primary reasons.
First, a reversal could prompt the US Supreme Court to step in and decide the issue nationally. According to employment law blogger Eric B. Meyer:
If the Second Circuit charts a new course and concludes that sexual-orientation discrimination violates Title VII, it would set up a Circuit split (e.g., Third Circuit precedent permits LGBT discrimination), and pave the way for possible Supreme Court review.
Second, the response to this case and others like it appears to be emblematic of the direction employment law is moving in LGBT issues: toward greater inclusiveness and stronger protections. Savvy employers will implement (or already implement) policies, procedures, and training to address sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace.
Third, even states that currently have stronger LGBT protections than federal law, such as California, may look to potentially broadened federal standards for guidance in interpreting their own.
Fourth, cultivating a culture of compliance with zero tolerance for discrimination in all its forms can lead to business success as well as fewer lawsuits. It's also the right thing to do.
Compliance training is one way employers can incorporate appropriate responses to sexual orientation discrimination. If you're unsure about how to do it, this case study on Namely, an HR-compliance startup that combined growth and culture with training, provides an inside look.


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|Cities all over the United States are experiencing unprecedented population swells. Fueled by a general migration to urban areas, these boomtowns are supported by steady job growth and thriving home markets. Here are four standouts whose numbers are on the rise.
Cape Coral-Fort Myers
Dallas-Fort Worth
Of course, thanks to a tech economy that's growing at breakneck speeds, these four cities aren't the only ones undergoing serious expansion. As tech industries continue to advance, expect to see more parts of the country experience new growth and development.


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Jendrasek Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Jendrasek Name Meaning
Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland.
Similar surnames: Vondrasek, Jerabek, Vondracek, Ondracek, Jurasek, Petrasek, Endresen


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Main Page
Welcome to Krakiipedia, an unofficial encyclopedia of GemStone IV and Elanthia, the world within the game.
Please bear with use as we get this place up and running in some regal fashion.
If you'd like to take a look at what's around, the category list might be a good place to start.
Spread the word!
Please spread the word of Krakiipedia to all your GemStone-playing friends! Anyone who might be interested in becoming an editor, or even just someone who is in need of information. Get the word out and we can make this the best repository of information regarding GemStone IV on the 'net!
Want to edit?
If you would like to edit the contents of this wiki, please request an account here. Once you have an account, check out our style guide.
Unofficial GemStone IV Chat
Visit http://www.resequenced.net/gs4/irc/ for a web client, or use your favorite IRC client to connect to irc.resequenced.net on port 6667 and join #GemStone and chat away.


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Description | Product Care
Minimalistic in design and gorgeously handcrafted out of mango wood, The Lune is a great tea-time tray that doubles up as a serving platter for some natural and rustic entertaining at home.
Description | Product Care
Wash with a mild detergent. Dry immediately. Do no use abrasive materials to clean.
Sign In to Add in or browse your Wishlist


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Mihari & Mahiro Themes
Mihari and Mahiro are dark and light VSCode themes. Both themes fearture a medium contrast and friendly colors. Borders of UI elements are by default invisible.
Previews for Mahiro coming Soon™
Both themes follow a solarized-style color swatch:
The colors are not as calculated as Solarized theme, but at lease they produces a beautiful and balanced output.
The names of these themes come from the manga Onī-chan wa Oshimai! (Don't be an elder brother anymore!, お兄ちゃんはおしまい!) by NekoTōfu. Mahiro is the name of the main (fe)male character (Oyama Mahiro, 緒山 まひろ), while Mihari is the name of his younger sister (Oyama Mihari, 緒山 みはり).
More info on this manga at Wikipedia (Chinese), Wikipedia (Japanese), and Pixiv.
MIT. © 2018 Rynco Li.


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Kristian Rouz – Hurricane Harvey has prompted at least 10 oil refineries on the US Gulf Coast to temporarily shut down, potentially pushing US gas prices higher. Despite this, crude oil prices have posted small gains as lower refining activity in the US might contribute to an accumulation of crude inventories, typically a drag on oil prices.
US petrol prices rose over 6 percent, to their 2-year highest, while margins rose 16 percent on Sunday due to flooding in parts of Texas and Louisiana caused by Harvey. Crude prices, however, added only 44 cents, to $47.87/bbl as expectations of oil supply disruptions remain moderate.
Refineries with a capacity of at least 2 mln bpd in the Houston and Corpus Christi areas are currently at idle, and damage assessments are underway. On Sunday, the threat of flooding has become more prominent as torrential rains brought by Harvey are forecast to continue.
"The real test will be tonight [Sunday night] when energy markets open for electronic trading and we see in numbers how bad markets believe the situation is," Patrick DeHaan of GasBuddy offered.
Exxon Mobil's Baytown refinery, the second-largest in the US, remains shuttered, and, according to S&P estimates, some 2.2 mln bpd of fuel output is currently off the market. The US Gulf area hosts about 30 percent of the total US oil refining, fuel, and petrochemical production.
However, the abundance of crude oil in the US and global markets means that other US refiners, including those of the East Coast, could boost processing capacity at initially lower input costs.
"As more refineries go offline, there's less stress to the system because it's well supplied," Rob Smith of IHS Markit asserted.
US gasoline prices could increase by an average of 5-25 cents per gallon, depending on how soon Gulf refineries can resume production. Many US offshore oil and gas platforms in the Gulf were evacuated, and the production of crude oil has been diminished, indicating that crude prices will likely gain a modest boost.
Oil and fuel shipping is also bracing for disruptions, which will contribute to increased logistical costs, pushing prices up higher in certain regions.
"The biggest driver of how much this will increase gas prices is how much rain falls in Houston during the next three days," Andy Lipow of Lipow Oil Associates said. "We are in a wait-and-watch mode."
Beside the 10 shuttered refineries, two Texas petrochemical facilities announced their closure: Formosa Plastics in Point Comfort and OxyChem in Ingleside, which will also hamper the demand-side of the oil market.
"We could see more production be taken offline in the Gulf of Mexico," Jenna Delaney of PIRA Energy said.
The shale oil industry was also affected by flooding, with ConcoPhillips halting its operation in the Eagle Rock oilfield in south Texas.
An estimated 22 percent of Gulf Coast oil production is currently offline as of Sunday, which means that some 379,000 bpd of crude oil is off the market. The impact of Harvey to crude production is thus not quite as severe as it is to refining and processing.
Previously, two hurricanes, in 2008 and 2012, disrupted more than 1 mln bpd of the Gulf Coast oil production, also hampering the refining capacity. However, Harvey is not over yet, and its aftereffects might contribute to additional losses in output, pushing prices even higher. Market dynamics will also depend on the response of oil refiners in other parts of the country.


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Pox of Chocolates
by Thomas Kleaton
Darci snatched up most of her daughter's Hershey bars.
"Two candy bars only," said Darci. "Even if it is Halloween night."
"Tapton said those are yours, Mommy, for all the parents."
"Tapton said he and the others would cross over tonight in the form of chocolate bars," Katie smiled. "Then change into bears and gobble up the adults."
Foil crinkled as Darci went to take a bite.
The chocolate bars moved in Darci's hand then, shaking all over, rippling in their paper sleeves. She dropped them, her face white.
"Gee, Mommy," Katie's eyes gleamed. "I thought you liked chocolate."
For more from Thomas Kleaton, visit his blog by clicking here.


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Nepal desperate for supplies as death toll soars past 3,700
Shelter, fuel, food, medicine, power, news, workers — Nepal's earthquake-hit capital was short on everything Monday as its people searched for lost loved ones, sorted through rubble for their belongings and struggled to provide for their families' needs. In much of the countryside, it was worse, though how much worse was only beginning to become apparent.
The death toll soared past 3,700, even without a full accounting from vulnerable mountain villages that rescue workers were still struggling to reach two days after the disaster.


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Serina by Muhammed Zafar Iqbal
Pdf Bangla Book Serina by Muhammed Zafar Iqbal. Download or read Bengali pdf books online. Serina is a very nice book by Muhammad Zafar Iqbal. BDeBooks made a pdf format copy of the book. So you can download this book as the pdf file and also you can read this book online anytime, anywhere.
Serina Book Info
- Book Name: Serina
- Author name: Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
- Category: Novel, Science Fiction
- Book series: Science Fiction
- Total pages: 123
- PDF Size: 04 MB
Serina Book Review
Serina is a science fiction book by Muhammed Zafar Iqbal. Serina is one of the bad science fiction books of Muhammed Zafar Iqbal. I'm reading some review before this review writing. I was also read Serina. That was not very bad. But I see some horrible reviews. Serina is the main character in this book. Serine's husband name is Shamim. He is a doctor. They are traveling by train. Suddenly stopped train beside a village. They dropped into this train and Serina want to visit this village. Serina finds a child who stays a long time underwater. This child was a girl. Shamim gives a name this girl Serina. Serina is the main character in this book. Shamim takes Serina to his house. Serina's hide her secret thing. But one day Serina attend swimming contest. This day everyone knows about this secret. What happened next? To know this full story, please download now Serina by Muhammad Jafor Iqbal. This book is not bad for me. So if you like our site, please bookmark now, and next time you find easily any book.
(3) comments
- lemonNovember 15, 2017
Really Sad Story..


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Y'all I can't tell you enough how important it is to get your day off on the right foot. For me, this starts before my feet hit the floor. Many of you know, I run at high speed all day managing three kids and running a crazy, AWESOME business, so the moments I spend at the very beginning of the day center me and help me focus throughout the day.
For the Mind and Spirit…
Expression of Gratitude and Mantra
It is so powerful to take a few minutes to acknowledge my health, my family and whatever of the good fortune I have to come to my mind. I also repeat a mantra statement with a prompt like What are three things I'll do today to make sure I am chasing good health. Listen, when you really visualize it and say it out loud you are much more likely to DO it.
Studies from a variety of sources including Harvard, The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health and even, Forbes Magazine confirm the fact meditation reduces symptoms of stress including anxiety, depression, anxiety, high blood pressure, irritable bowel syndrome and more. Being still and concentrating on clearing my mind, Just listening to my breath and gently pushing away the bombardment of to-do's for the day for a few minutes
For the body…
Tongue Scraping
I know this may sound super gross to some but it is easy and removing the junk that lingers on your tongue helps your gut and the microbiome powering your body. Chasing good health means fostering the good stuff while removing the bad stuff. Tongue scraping has been a well-embraced practice in Ayurvedic medicine for ages! At the very least, tongue scraping makes your breath smell better, but do it because it removes bad bacteria and improves your overall health!
Alkaline State– The hormones from stress in the body can result in acid reactions in the body. When the body is out of Ph balance, all hell can break loose. When your body is too acidic the absorption of vitamins and minerals is reduced and the body struggles to repair and renew. Sorry to say, that cup of JOE throws the body into an acidic state. The very thing you do to wake you up may actually speed up the aging process and result in low energy. A lively Lemon greets me on most mornings. This sets my body in a state to resist cravings for sugar, caffeine and alcohol and allows it to receive the nutrients and vitamins veggie-centric juices give.
Dry Brushing
Yep, it is as simple as it sounds. Before I jump in the shower, I take a few minutes to use a dry brush to wake my body. Dry brushing increases circulation and stimulates cell repair and it FEELS GOOD! Brush toward the heart because it stimulates the lymphatic system which helps the body detoxify itself naturally and provides a natural energy boost!!
A few sun salutations and a few core exercises wake my body. This doesn't have to be a full work out, just get going! Our partner and nationally renown health guru, Dr. Stephen Cabral encourages us to combat the hazards of sitting for prolonged periods, but many of us have jobs that put us in a seat for a chunk of our day. A series of stretching and movement first thing in the morning helps us shake off the stiffness of being in one position all night and ignites the metabolism and gets the blood flowing through the body. This oxygenates the entire body and prepares us for a busy day!
Oil Pulling
This practice decreases inflammation in the body so, pass up the mouthwash and swish with coconut oil or sesame oil. I take a teaspoon or two of coconut oil (expeller pressed and organic), place it in my mouth and swish for about 5 minutes. I do this while getting dressed, making the bed or whatever. Spit it in a compost or trash can and voila, the day begins.
Listen, we want our lives to be a marathon rather than a sprint. The way you begin your day can help you not only conquer the day, but reverse your trips around the sun and age backward!!!


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Let me level with you, I may have a slight case of dyscalculia, but basic math isn't a problem.
Nevertheless, I was taught to never be too overconfident, so I kinda need your help on this one.
Isn't 4 different than 5?
Five is the greater number, right?
So then, why o why do we have five trainers in the Elite 4?
Shouldn't they be called "Elite 5"?
It does sound better than "Elite 4+1 Part-time Champion".
And if the Champion is supposed to be this amazing trainer that defeated those Elites before us, shouldn't the weakest of them leave thus giving the name, Elite 4, its meaning?
Let me know what you guys think!
Hmmm, that's an interesting question, but here's my take on it, since the champion is never officially an elite 4 member, not to mention in the first Pokemon games, red and green, when you beat the last elite 4 member, lance, he states that after blue, or Gary, or whatever beat him, he officially became champion, no mention of a previous champion, meaning that the elite 4 originally didn't have a champion, otherwise there would have to have been someone after lance for Gary to fight, but since there wasn't, that means there was only 4 members originally, hence the name, elite 4. One more example, this time as to why the don't replace one of the elite 4 members with the champion to get keep the number to 4, well, inevitably, the elite 4 would be made out of 4 Pokemon champions which would be, let's face it, a bunch of 10 year olds, and while they would have enough skill as a Pokemon trainer, they simply wouldn't be mature enough, or old enough to run the elite 4, which is why they use 4 highly capable adults instead.
Because the last one is not a member of elite 4 and after he is defeated by you you replace the champion therefor the name elite 4 name is suitable and elite 5 not


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AP Government--Court Cases
Terms in this set (44)
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education.
Gideon v. Wainwright
1963 ruling that a defendant in a felony trial must be provided a lawyer free of charge if the defendant cannot afford one.
Griswold v. Connecticut
1965 decision that the Constitution implicitily guarantees citizens' right to privacy.
Marbury v. Madison
1803 established the principle of judicial review
Miranda v. Arizona
1966 ruling that upon arrest, a suspect has the right to remain silent and the right to consult with a lawyer.
Plessy v. Ferguson
1896 ruling that separate but equal facilities for different races were not unconstitutional.
Schenck v. United States
1919--Case involving limits on free speech. Established the "clear and present danger" principle.
Roe v. Wade
1973 ruling that decriminalized abortion.
Carig v. Boren
1976 ruling that classification of individuals based on gender must be related to an important government objective; replaced minimum rationality standard.
Miler v. California
1973 ruling that determined the obscenity clause to related to works that lack literary, artisitic, political or scientific value. (LAPS test)
Lemon v. Kurtzman
1971 defining government actionsin dealing with religion--must not inhibit or advance religion and does not entangle the goverment with religion.
Fletcher v. Peck
The decision stems from the Yazoo land cases, 1803, and upholds the sanctity of contracts.
McCulloch v. Maryland
1819--The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
1819--New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts.
Gibbons v. Ogden
1824--Clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce.
Korematsu v. U. S.
T1941--he court upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during World War 2.
Escobedo v. Illinois
1964--Ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police.
U. S. v. Richard Nixon
1974--The court rejected Richard Nixon's claim to an absolutely unqualified privilege against any judicial process.
Bakke v. Regents of the University of California
1978--Ambiguous ruling by a badly divided court that dealt with affirmative action programs that used race as a basis of selecting participants. The court general upheld affirmative action, but with a 4/4/1 split, it was a very weak decision.
Brandenburg v. Ohio
1969--Determined that a law that proscribes advocacy of violence for political reform is constitutional if applied to speech that is not directed toward producing imminent lawlessness and is not likely to produce such action is not constitutional.
Duncan v. Louisiana
1968 guarantees the right to a trial by jury where a sentence of at least two years is involved.
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
Anarchist calling for overthrow of the government. Established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to States); States cannot deny freedom of speech - protected through due process clause of Amendment 14
Palko v. Connecticut (1937)
Provided test for determining which parts of Bill of Rights should be federalized - those which are implicitly or explicitly necessary for liberty to exist.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court; Warren Court's judicial activism.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of 1st Amendment's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment's due process clause; Warren Court's judicial activism.
Baker v. Carr (1962)
"One man, one vote." Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court's judicial activism.
Abbington v. Schempp (1963)
Prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of establishment clause and due process clause. Warren Court's judicial activism
Wesberry v. Sanders (1963)
Ordered House districts to be as near equal in population as possible (extension of Baker v. Carr to Congressional districts).
Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)
Prohibited states from banning the teaching of evolution.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Guaranteed a student's right to protest (wearing armbands).
Furman v. Georgia (1972)
State death penalties (as then applied) are arbitrary and violate equal protection of 14th Amendment.
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
Upheld new Georgia death penalty laws requiring dual-phase trial and special circumstances; capital punishment does not constitute cruel & unusual punishment of 8th Amendment.
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
1st Amendment protects campaign spending; legislatures can limit contributions, but not how much one spends of his own money on campaigns.
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1987)
More leeway for states in regulation abortion, though no overturning of Roe v. Wade. Upholds MO law prohibiting abortion in public hospitals; shift in composition of court. (Later cases allow 24-hour waiting periods, parental consent for minors, etc.)
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Flag-burning is symbolic speech with a political purpose and is protected by 1st Amendment.
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
NO racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts.
U.S. v. Lopez (1995)
Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce.
Bush v. Gore (2000)
Use of 14th Amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the election of 2000.
Parker v. Gladden
Right to an impartial jury
Barron v Baltimore (1833)
The guarantee in the 5th Amendment that private property shall not be taken "for public use, without just compensation" is not applicable to state governments as well as the federal government.
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
The boy scouts were allowed to dismiss a leader after learning that he was gay, holding that freedom of association outweighed the New Jersey anti-discrimination statute.
Near v Minnesota (1925)
Case centered on censorship - government cannot censor something (newspapers) because that restricts freedom of the press. Main issue was government officials were being criticized and wanted to censor the criticism.
Everson v Board of Education (1942)
A New Jersey law allowing reimbursements of money to parents who sent their children to school (public and private) on buses operated by the public transportation system did not violate the establishment clause or the 1st and 14th Amendments.
Palko v Connecticut (1937
Ruled a harsher sentence as a result of a new trial won on appeal does not violate double jeopardy.
Government Review
66 terms
AP Government Vocabulary
265 terms
AP Government Terms
53 terms
AP Government Court Cases
46 terms
AP Review
371 terms
AP Government Terms part 2
192 terms
Election terms
5 terms
5 terms


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DPS Confirms 1 Dead in Fiery Crash North of Grape Creek
SAN ANGELO, TX — According to Texas DPS at the scene, the orange or red 2005 Hyundai passenger car was traveling west on Glass Road and did not yield to the right-of-way of a northbound black 2016 Toyota Tundra on U.S. 87 at a stop sign. The Tundra T-boned the Hyundai on the car's passenger side. The Hyundai caught fire and the sole occupant was killed, DPS said.
The Tundra careened across the barrow ditch on the east side of the four-lane, divided highway. There were three occupants in the Tundra. All three were rushed to Shannon Medical Center with what DPS characterized as minor injuries.
The crash happened at 10:09 p.m. Aug. 31. Along this stretch of U.S. 87, DPS reported the speed limit was 75 mph. The skies were clear and roadway dry.
Friday morning, DPS released the names of the crash victims. Killed was Adrian Ismael Rodriguez, 27, of San Angelo. He was driving a red 2005 Hyundai Accent. Driving the black Tundra was Joseph Angelo Corona, 61, of Laredo. His passengers were Katherine May Corona, 57, also of Laredo; and Mary Corona, 17, of Laredo. All three occupants of the Tundra received minor injuries.
The original story:
A fatal crash happened at approximately 10 p.m. in the northbound lanes of U.S. 87 at Glass Road. Both northbound lanes are closed, and traffic is being diverted on Glass Rd. to Grape Creek Rd. west into Carlsbad before rejoining U.S. 87.
From observation, there are two vehicles involved and there is at least one fatality. At least one of the vehicles burst into flames after impact.
The location of the crash:
The Grape Creek VFD and Carlsbad VFD extinguished the blaze. Also on scene are Texas DPS and the Tom Green County Sheriff's Office.
Justice of the Peace Susan Werner arrived at the scene at 11:40 p.m.
The crash investigation continued into the early morning hours, performed by DPS. We didn't get a statement from them at the scene.
From observation, the other vehicle was a black pickup, seen resting upright beyond the barrow ditch off the highway on the east side of the roadway. Its airbags were deployed. The driver of the pickup appeared to have been treated at the scene and refused transport to Shannon Medical Center. The car where the fatality occurred was an orange four-door compact sedan. That car ignited in flames after impact.
When DPS releases its initial crash investigation we publish additional information.
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Smdhby Clifford Gibson
Sep 01, 2017 1:49 pm CDT
Maybe someone will buy that cop a fire extinguisher for his birthday since Adrian wont see his 28th. It was the cops DUTY to see if he had all his equipment. Bet he didn't forget those bullets.
What happened to my rantby Lazy T
Sep 05, 2017 4:29 pm CDT
What happened to my rant about traffic problems in San Angelo?
Trafficby Lazy T
Sep 05, 2017 4:36 pm CDT
I lived in San Angelo for a bunch of years. I became aggravated at the number of traffic lights in the town, and the length of time for each cycle. I covered news in San Angelo for ten years. The number of traffic accidents in this town is incredible! Something needs to be done, and I don't have a solution for the problem. More traffic officers, better driver education, I just don't know. I can offer one solution for the city to save some energy and some money. In the downtown area...signals could be removed from every other block. Traffic will go to the block with a signal if necessary and look at the money saved in maintenance, electricity and equipment. The number of signals downtown is a throwback to olden times!! Get rid of them. Some really educated person needs to study the traffic accidents in San Angelo and come up with some viable solutions....its crazy!
Nothing but young rookiesby Road hunter
Sep 05, 2017 9:03 pm CDT
Nothing but young rookies working on that shift.I would bet they were all drivig new tahoes thanks to David and our tax dollars.So sad!!!!!!
What the hell does that haveby DGM
Sep 06, 2017 7:47 pm CDT
What the hell does that have to do with a fatality accident. We get it you don't like the police, but damn you''re out in left field with this one.


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Communications, especially marketing communications, are thought of as a virtual megaphone for your brand. You want to spread your brand recognition far and wide. But marketing messages are not one-size-fits-all. Different audiences look for different solutions. So do you broadcast your message and hope that your target audience will find value in it, or do you create targeted communications with a select few and hope that your conversion rate is high?
Socedo is built to help our customers engage with targeted audiences who find value in what they do and in their message. Now, with multiple accounts, our customers are able to send different messages to different groups for a higher degree of specialization while still engaging a great number of leads.
But what do you do with it? Who do you target? How do you change your message to each group? That depends on the nature of your business, but here are a few options on how to integrate multiple Socedo accounts into your marketing strategy:
Multiple Twitter Handles
Even if your company doesn't manage multiple handles under one brand, your team can still reach prospective leads with multiple accounts. Everyone has their own personality and their own niche of expertise. Each member of your sales or marketing team can utilize their personal Twitter handle with their Socedo account to send a targeted message or offer to the market they specialize in.
Of course, if you don't want multiple handles communicating with the same lead, we allow you to automatically cease from sending a direct message to a lead if someone else on your team engages with them. However, if you want multiple soft touches to the same lead to warm them up, multiple accounts will allow that to happen.
Target by Location
If you have a geo-specific product or offer, you can use different accounts to make various targeted offers using the same Twitter handle.
For instance, let's say you rent office spaces in various cities. Simply use each account for a different city (or even different neighborhoods) for targeted campaigns that all speak to your brand. You can send each campaign to a different signup page or connect them with a geo-specific salesperson. Your salespeople will love getting leads specific to their area, and your engagement rate will go up when your message truly speaks to the needs of that market.
Target by Job Title
So you're marketing a product that is useful to people in the same industry that have different perspectives. Maybe they'd use your product in different ways. Great! Create multiple accounts (again, from the same Twitter handle) that speak to the perspective of each target position.
Because Socedo also scours data from LinkedIn, you'll be able to see their job title both in the lead pool and in the data export offered.
Utilize Different Strategies
This is an interesting approach we have found very useful. You can use different accounts for different types of campaigns. These can be done using different Twitter handles or, when appropriate, the same handle. Here are a few different strategies we have suggested to clients:
Targeted and Broadcasted
Let's say you have a product that speaks to a certain market, but you also have an event coming up that is only applicable to a specific segment. Use one account to continue bringing in leads for your product, and use another account to target the event segment and send invites.
Content Offerings
Let's do another example: Your product team created a new feature that's specifically useful for enterprise-sized businesses. You can promote the feature through a piece of content (a video or whitepaper), then give access to the content through direct messages to specific leads who are defined as enterprise clients in your industry. You'll bring in high-value leads through the enterprise content while filling the remainder of your sales funnel through the other accounts.
Upload Accounts
One feature that our clients use regularly is the upload account feature. This changes the first phase of the Socedo journey, the Discovery phase. Instead of using Socedo to scrub Twitter for your most valuable leads, you can upload leads via a csv file or even your Marketo account. We'll use your data and connect with Twitter, then weed out which leads aren't active, filling your funnel with leads who may need reengagement. Because they're already on your radar, the message to these leads won't be introductory. Instead, try opening a conversation by asking a specific question.
The sales process can be long and arduous, which is why we're here to help. By automating various communications for various target markets or sales funnels, we can make your lead generation more personalized and efficient. Give Socedo a try today.


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Please consider supporting this website by disabling your ad-blocker. This website does not use audio ads, pop-ups, or other annoyances. And please support Terra Relicta by giving a little donation if you can! Thank you!!!
Slovenian death'n'roll machine Hellcrawler have joined forces with Australian blackened crust combo Wölfe for a release of a split album entitled The End Of Humanity.This album is an devastating action with only one aim - destroying your ear drums. Album is limited to 200 copies on 180g vinyl. Below you can give a listen to two unveiled tracks of Hellcrawler. Enjoy!
Hellcrawler is 5 piece death'n'roll, death metal crust machine which will take you on to the sonic journey through the post apocalyptic, Mad Max inspired wastelands and leave your ears begging for more. For this split LP they brought out from the sand two forgotten anthems about zombies and despair, they also throw in one borrowed track "Green Machine", originally by Kyuss. Fast, raw and dirty soundtrack to human annihilation, highly recommended for all fans of crust, punk, d-beat infused death metal mixed with Mad Max and B-Horror cinematography. Link
Australians Wölfe will hit your ears with primitive yet progressive blackened grind/crust sonic attack, backed up with some really twisted and ferocious vocal chords. Four tracks labeled just by roman numbers are full of inhumane drumming, raw guitars and sounds of despair and schizophrenia. Inject your body with the serum of chaos, total war and true underground musick! Link


text: Despite concerted efforts to curb the menace, malnutrition among children under five years is worsening in Nigeria, a new survey has revealed. The fifth round Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS5) also shows that malnutrition in under five children living in rural areas is higher than those in urban areas. The survey was carried out in


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The auctioneer said: 'This is a good one. Good location.'
'What's good about the location?'
'Close to schools, bus routes, motorways and the neighbours are ok. You go to some places, I'll tell ya, wouldn't put a dog in them.'
'And what's the story with this place?'
'The owners want to sell it and build another house.'
'Why do they want to do that?'
'They reckon they can sell this one for about €400,000 and then build another one for about €250,000 and keep the change.'
'Where they building the new one?'
'Here in the garden.'
'This garden?'
'Yeah. See….you'd be buyin the house alright, but they're not sellin the garden. So there'd be a construction site here while you're movin in. Still a good price for it. Bout as good as ye'll get in this market. The Celtic Tiger ain't goin anywhere I'm afraid….'
'Is there anythin else we can look at?'
'There's one other place alright…I was there last week and the woman living there is a bit mad.'
'What's wrong with her?'
'Whore for the drink.'
'Does she want to sell?'
'She thinks she does, but who knows, she's half cracked.'
'Has anyone made any offers on it?'
'I had a couple there last week alright. They seemed interested.'
'What happened?'
'Nice couple. Young. She was a teacher. Blondie one. Real tall and good lookin. He's in the bank. Up from Galway, lookin to settle here for a few years.'
'What's the price?'
'Not bad.'
'But wasn't I showing it to this couple anyway. And I had your one living there told to be gone, but was she fuck gone. She was still there when we landed, half pissed, givin dirty looks like we were trespassing. Anyway, I pulled her aside and told her to fuck off up the stairs til we were finished. She was was thick enough but she went. Do ye smoke?'
'No thanks.'
He lit a major and continued. 'Anyway, I brought this couple around. The kitchen, the sitting room, outside into the garden. They were askin decent questions. It wasn't going too bad. And we were standing there talking anyway and next thing I heard the toilet flushing upstairs.'
'What was wrong with that?'
'I remembered all of a sudden that the upstairs toilet was broke and you weren't supposed to flush it. The pipe that was supposed to bring all the waste down to the drain was gone from the wall.'
'So what happened?'
'I turned to look up and sure next I knew a big plop of a shite fell down on my head. For fuck's sake, I didn't know what to do. It was warm and it smelled like onions, and stale meat and….and…pissy red wine. The young blondie one got sick straight away and your man pulled her out the door and that's the last I heard of them. Had to buy a new fuckin suit after it.'
He finished the cigarette and continued. 'We can take a look at the place if you want. If that bitch is there though, she'll play fuck….I wouldn't fancy it.'
Buy Mick Donnellan's Novels here.


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The Duchess of Cambridge will visit the Foundling Museum next week to learn about how the facility uses art to engage with young people who have been marginalised by society.
The Foundling Museum commemorates the Foundling Hospital, which was the first children's charity and public art gallery in the United Kingdom.
"We aim to inspire everyone to make a positive contribution to society, by celebrating the power of individuals and the arts to change lives," the museum explained on their official website.
The children's charity now operates under the name Coram and was established in 1739.
During her visit, Kate will visit the 'Bedrooms of London' photography exhibition, which "documents the living conditions of London's most disadvantaged children," according to Kensington Palace's press release.
'Bedrooms of London' is a collaboration between Katie Wilson, a photographer, and Isabella Walker, a writer who collected the narratives to accompany the photos. It highlights "the damaging consequences for children arising from the shortage of social housing in London" and focuses on "the spaces in which children are sleeping" with first-hand narratives that "offer a poignant insight into the lives and experiences of children living in poverty across London."
The Duchess will also view photographs taken by students of the 'Tracing our Tales' programme at the Foundling Museum, many of whom she met the last time she visited the Museum in 2017.
These students are taking part in a three-year project that provides paid training to care-experienced young adults in the areas of teaching and art skills so that they may be able to lead workshops at the museum as well.
Kate will learn how 'Tracing our Tales' has helped these young people with their confidence skills and employment opportunities, as well as join them in a training session on block printing techniques for a workshop at the Museum.
Her Royal Highness last visited The Foundling Museum in November 2017, a day after Harry and Meghan announced their engagement. She gave a rare comment to the media that day, saying that she and Prince William "are absolutely thrilled" by the exciting news of the engagement.
"It's a really happy time for any couple, and we wish them all the best and hope they enjoy this happy moment."


text: New York's Hudson Yards Is Getting The Highest Outdoor Sky Deck In The Western Hemisphere New York City's Hudson Yards will soon be home to the highest outdoor sky deck in the West Hemisphere. Standing above 100 stories, Edge stands 1,100 feet in the air. The viewing deck suspends on the exterior of the skyscraper, letting you…Read More


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12450 Lake Station Place
Louisville KY, 40299
Mr. Gibson joined Donan in 2019 and currently serves as a Forensic Engineer based out of the firm's Greenville, South Carolina office. He began his engineering career in 2010 and has worked in the civil and construction engineering industries. Steve has previous experience serving as construction engineering manager and project engineer. His areas of expertise are concrete construction/design and utility construction/design, among others.
Steve is a licensed professional engineer in North Carolina. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree from North Carolina State University in civil engineering.
Concrete Construction/Design
Utility Construction/Design
Professional Engineer, North Carolina
North Carolina Structural Engineer's Association (NCSEA)
2009 North Carolina State University
Civil Engineering
2019 – Present DONAN
Greenville, SC
Forensic Engineer
Asheville, NC
Construction Engineering Manager
2011 – 2015 STEWART, Inc.
Charlotte, NC
Structural Design Engineer
2010 – 2011 Applied Research Associates, Inc.
Vicksburg, MS
Security/Blast Engineer
12450 Lake Station Place
Louisville KY, 40299
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text: I want to thank my landlords Rose and Sonny for letting me stay at their boarding house on Natividad Ave in Santa Cruz, Manila. I learned a lot about Manila during my stay there and I learned how to take MASS TRANSIT. I took Jeepneys (Jeeps built into a small bus), Tricycles (motorcycles with side car), elevated trains (MRT/LRT) as well as the occasional Calesa in Intramuros! I got to see first hand the markets in Santa Cruz and the vendors selling all types of electronics! I wish I would have had more time to stay and perhaps, mor importantly, more money!


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FBI investigators want to charge two men for spying in Silicon Valley to benefit China, and they say it is just the tip of a massive effort by the Chinese government to set up front companies to do this sort of thing.
In the latest case, they say Lan Lee, an American citizen, and Yoefei Ge, a Chinese national, stole chip designs and software from their employers NetLogic Microsystems of Mountain View and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. in San Jose, and planned to go into business with the Chinese government. The Mercury News has the story about it today (reg required):
The case highlights China's role as the main adversary in a complex game of 21st-century espionage where many agents aren't trained spies in trench coats but businessmen, students and researchers. Silicon Valley, counterintelligence experts say, is ground zero.
"Silicon Valley is a hotbed" of economic espionage, said Don Przybyla, who heads a FBI counterintelligence unit in San Jose. The valley is home to many of the estimated 3,000 Chinese front companies nationwide set up to steal secrets and acquire technology, according to the FBI.


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Marion Jean "Jean" Walker
December 16, 1922 - May 24, 2005
Walker - Mrs. Jean - At the Belleville General Hospital, on Tuesday, May 24th, 2005, Jean Walker of Belleville, formerly of Toronto, at the age of 82. Beloved wife of the late Charles. Loving mother of Judy and her partner Brian and Brian and his wife Kathryn of R.R. #7, Belleville. Loved by her sister of Hazel. Missed by her grandchildren Cheryl, Kevin, Terry and Derek. A Graveside service will be held at Belleville Cemetery, on Thursday, May 26th at 2 P.M. Reverend Audrey Whitney Officiating. If desired, donations to the Alzheimer Society would be appreciated by the family. (CHEQUES ONLY PLEASE).


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With the recent removal of the Clip Art library from the Microsoft Office suite, users need to be able to locate and find appropriate images and videos for their projects. This interactive and informative webinar will explain Creative Commons licensing and help librarians find legally free work to use in their documents.
Learning objectives include:
- Critically evaluating different tiers of Creative Common Licensing and how to apply them
- Discovering free, legal websites to procure images and videos
- Employing search engines more effectively to find legally free images
- Recognizing the different image file types, how to download and save these files from the Internet
- Applying a few quick editing techniques to improve an image, using software you already own
This fast-paced webinar is designed for librarians with previous experience using the Microsoft Word or Publisher. You will create your own flyer by the end of the session, using images from one of the listed resources.
Original broadcast November 19, 2015
Instructor Bio ~ Crystal Feyerchak
Crystal is the Continuing Education Librarian at the Twinsburg Public Library. She develops, teaches, and manages the technology-training program at the library. In addition, she also coordinates the continuing education classes (in-person and virtual). She is currently the assistant manager in the Digital and Learning Services Department.


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Repsol is a global multi-energy company, and our main objective is to make a contribution to building a sustainable energy model in the long term by developing smart energies that encourage economic growth for society and people's wellbeing.
We are committed to establish strong relationships with the communities we have dealings with in the areas where we operate. These relationships are based on mutual recognition and respect, trust, participatory dialogue, and ultimately, creating shared value.
Select website
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English EN
Along with Space Center Houston we promote innovation and support STEM education through learning programs that empower our future leaders to work for a sustainable future.
The agreement will support educational programs at Space Center Houston, including Sensory Friendly Events and Explorer Camps, to teach students about STEM through interactive learning experiences and to drive curiosity in the next generation of explorers


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The reason why Kevin Nolan has played no football after West Ham now revealed
Kevin Nolan is to be officially confirmed as player/manager of Leyton Orient on Thursday morning, according to Sky Sports.
Sky's Amy Lewis says that their information is that the former Newcastle midfielder has agreed a two and a half year deal and will take training this morning.
Amy Lewis:
'Kevin Nolan to be announced as Leyton Orient's player-manager this morning. He'll take training today. Two and a half year deal.'
Leyton Orient are currently 11th in League Two but actually only three points off the play-offs.
However, they sacked Ian Hendon on Monday and released the following statement:
'The Club can confirm that Ian Hendon has been relieved of his role as Head Coach of Leyton Orient.
The Club would like to thank Ian for his commitment and passion during his time at Leyton Orient and would like to wish him the best in his future endeavours.
Assistant Manager Andy Hessenthaler will be assuming Ian's duties on an interim basis as Caretaker Manager. Leyton Orient will make an announcement at such time as a new appointment is made.'
The case of Kevin Nolan has been a strange one, with the 33 year old agreeing an early release from his contract at West Ham but not playing football for any other club this season.
Interestingly/ironically, back in September when Nolan had parted company with the Hammers, Leyton Orient confirmed the following in a statement on their official club website:
'Ex-West Ham midfielder spending time with Orient
Former West Ham United captain Kevin Nolan will be spending time training with the O's.
The 33-year-old is currently without a club having left the Hammers in the summer after a four-year spell at Upton Park, but through his relationship with O's Head Coach Ian Hendon, he has linked up with Orient for an indefinite period.
Head Coach Ian Hendon said: "It is great to have such a model professional in Kevin at the club, and I am more than happy for Kevin to come in and train with the squad.
"It is good for our players to be training with a vastly experienced and talented Premier League midfielder."
Maybe things are looking a little clearer now as to why Kevin Nolan hasn't played anywhere in these past four months…
Whether it was Leyton Orient or elsewhere Kevin Nolan had an eye on, if his intention was to get a player manager role this season then he would have been scoring an own goal if he'd played for somebody else in the meantime.
Having already played for West Ham this season, any playing time for another club would have meant he couldn't have played for Leyton Orient or anybody else as a player manager this season, as you are only allowed to play for two clubs in a single campaign.
Like all Newcastle fans we wish Kevin Nolan well in his new role.
If you would like to feature on The Mag, submit your article to [email protected]


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Is there documentation of how page-level variables are scoped and stored in OS web pages? For example, what happens to a local variable after the page is sent to the browser? Is its value stored on the server or in viewstate? What happens to aggregate query results from preparation after sending it to the browser? Are only session variables saved on the server?
hi David,
may this link helps:
Thank you, there is a little information in this link above about the variable questions posed. I'm hoping for substantially more clarity.
The documentation such as https://success.outsystems.com/Documentation/10/Reference/Data/Handling_Data/Variables/Local_Variable shows no information about this.
Are the following variable types persisted across web page refreshes? For example, can you reference their value in a save action that is called when clicking a save button, which is typically done on a subsequent page submit? I think the answers are below:
Hi David,
Execution context will be stored in the view state, apart from Session variables that are stored in the database. That means that if you have (Ajax) Submits to a Screen Action, local variables will keep their values. If I'm not mistaken, something close to this:
Hope this helps.
Hello David,
Since we do not have this level of detail covered in the OutSystems documentation, we would like to understand better why you are interested in the technical aspects of the web screen life cycle, namely the scope and persistence of variables. Do you have any specific concern or use case that you could share with us?
Thank you!
Hi Paulo. One specific case is where I modified a page to go from a single step to a 3-step wizard. After changing to a wizard, some of my variables became unavailable when the user finally got to the last step and clicked submit. I was trying to understand which variables persisted during refreshes that occurred when the wizard step changes.
All screen variables (Screen Input Parameters/Screen Local Variables, outputs from Aggregates/Server Actions run in the Preparation, local properties for Forms/ListRecords/TableRecords) should keep their current values if you're using Submit/Ajax Submit and you end your Screen Actions with an End node (but not if you do server-side navigation with a Destination).
All session variables will keep their values between requests while there's a valid Session. Their values will be reset on Timeout or user Logout.
The online training materials do mention this though, on the Screen Lifecycle: Interaction video/slide deck (and Session Handling for Session Variables).
Hi David. All values that could subsequently be used in screen actions get stored in the viewstate (except for session variables and site properties).
For example, if you declare a variable on Step 1 of your wizard, let the user fill it with an input field, but then never actually use this variable for anything, then OutSystems reserves the right to remove that variable from the viewstate. If you do, however, use this variable (for example to store it on the database or send via a web service), then OutSystems will store the variable on the viewstate.
This decision will never change the behavior of your application for a user, but it might change the behaviour for a developer that is inspecting these variables in the debugger. If the variable is not stored in the viewstate, a developer might see its value as being "lost" after the first request, while debugging. Rest assured, that is an intentional optimization to make your applications run as fast as they can.
If you do believe this is generating incorrect behavior and is affecting the users of the application, then I suggest you to create a support case.
Leonardo and Jorge, those answers are very helpful. I didn't find that video because it didn't show up when I was searching, so the video link is helpful. The variables are discussed around the 5 minute mark.
Are the input variables also preserved during refreshes or are their values available only in the preparation?
The screen inputs are also available on all screen actions and preserved during AJAX refreshes.
hi all,
in Design time of a process, which ProposedSessionID is referred by the expression, either the ProposedSessionID n the Process1 or ProposedSessionID in the LaunchProcess1:
Hello Indra,
The expression is using the input ProposedSessionID of the process Process1, which is the input currently in the scope of the expression.
(In this particular situation, though, the value of this input could come from the input with the same name from the action LaunchProcess1, but this has to do with the way you can launch a process in OutSystems. You can learn more about this here.)
Hi Indra,
Paulo gave you the answer - it's the one from Process1.
A heads-up though... LaunchProcess1 is a very different thing. It's an action to start the execution of a process instance. You can use it in Processes but also in screen or server actions and you pass whatever value for the input:
Another thing, please start a new post next time, as your question is unrelated with original post!
Jorge Martins wrote:
Hi,I have this simple case where a user can bulk select rows in a table across pages.Since the Bulkselect widget from richwidgets doesn't allow to do that i simply created a local variable of type 'list' with id's of which rows i selected.When changing page (which is an ajax submit to a screen action?) My variable attributes in the list are empty when they are getting inserted correctly. (i debugged)Why in this case are the attributes of a list variable getting cleared?A solution I found is that if I use a hidden recordlist where i use the attributes, then it works. But I don't like this work around. I just want a variable of type list that I can use without having the issue of losing my attributes values in it.Greetings,Niels F.
Sorry for digging up this post, but since I realized that it refers to the documentation on the topic regarding the viewstate, I wanted to update this thread with this very interesting documentation that I found:https://success.outsystems.com/Documentation/Architecture_Dashboard/Code_Patterns/Best_Practices/Don%E2%80%99t_abuse_scope_information
It explains with detail the escope of web pages variables, the best practices and impact concerns around it.
Hope it helps in future references.


text:
Energy productivity
The Australian economy grew by 2.8% in 2017–18 to reach $1.8 trillion GDP. Australia's energy consumption rose by 0.9% in 2017–18 to reach 6,172PJ.
Energy productivity (gross domestic product (GDP) divided by energy consumption) improved by 2% in 2017–18, and by 20% over the past 10 years. Australia now creates $294 million in GDP for every petajoule of energy consumed, nearly $50 million more than 10 years ago.
This improvement reflects cumulative improvements in energy efficiency as well as a shift in the economy away from highly energy-intensive industries (such as manufacturing) towards less energy-intensive industries (such as services). Increased use of renewable energy instead of fossil fuels for electricity generation has also had a positive impact on energy productivity.
Australian energy intensity and energy productivity
Source: Department of the Environment and Energy (2019) Australian Energy Statistics, Table B


text:
Vodafone today announced the launch of Local News Pack in Kolkata.
Vodafone Customers can now receive updates on top news headlines thrice a day.The Local News Pack provides news in the form of three voice calls giving the headlines from popular Bengali channel Star Ananda.
Priced at Rs 2 per day both prepaid and postpaid customers can avail this service by dialing 5670310 or messaging to 111/144.


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The information and communication technologies (ICT) have grown up with no precedents, and all aspects of human life have been transformed under this new scenario. All industrial sectors have rapidly incorporated the new technologies, and some of them have become de facto standards like supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. Huge large amounts of data started to be created, processed and saved, allowing an automatic control of complex industrial systems. In spite of this progress, there are some challenges not well addressed yet. Some of them are: the analysis of tons of data, as well as continuous data streams; the integration of data in different formats coming from different sources; making sense of data to support decision making; and getting results in short periods of time. These all are characteristics of a problem that should be addressed through a big data approach.
Even though Big Data has become one of the most popular buzzword, the industry has evolved towards a definition around this term on the base of three dimensions: volume, variety and velocity (Zikopoulos and Eaton, 2011).
Data volume is normally measured by the quantity of raw transactions, events or amount of history that creates the data volume. Typically, data analysis algorithms have used smaller data sets called training sets to create predictive models. Most of the times, the business use predictive insight that are severely gross since the data volume has purposely been reduced according to storage and computational processing constraints. By removing the data volume constraint and using larger data sets, it is possible to discover subtle patterns that can lead to targeted actionable decisions, or they can enable further analysis that increase the accuracy of the predictive models.
Data variety came into existence over the past couple of decades, when data has increasingly become unstructured as the sources of data have proliferated beyond operational applications. In industrial applications, such variety emerged from the proliferation of multiple types of sensors, which enable the tracking of multiple variables in almost every domain in the world. Most technical factors include sampling rate of data and their relative range of values.
Data velocity is about the speed at which data is created, accumulated, ingested, and processed. An increasing number of applications are required to process information in real-time or with near real-time responses. This may imply that data is processed on the fly, as it is ingested, to make real-time decisions, or schedule the appropriate tasks.
However as other authors point out, Big Data could be also classified according to other dimensions such as veracity, validity and volatility.
Data veracity is about the certainty of data meaning. This feature express whether data reflect properly the reality or not. It depends on the way in which data are collected. It is strongly linked to the credibility of sources. For example the veracity of the data collected from sensors depends on the calibration of sensors. The data collected from surveys could be truthful if survey samples are large enough to provide a sufficient basis for analysis. In resume, the massive amounts of data collected for Big Data purposes can lead to statistical errors and misinterpretation of the collected information. Purity of the information is critical for value (Ohlhorst, 1964).
Data validity is about the accuracy of data. The validity of Big Data sources must be accurate if results are wanted to be used for decision making or any other reasonable purpose (Hurwitz et al, 2013)
Data volatility is about how long the data need to be storage. Some difficulties could appear due to the storage capacity. If storage is limited, what and how long data is needed to be kept. With some Big Data sources, it could be necessary to gather the data for a quick analysis (Hurwitz et al, 2013).
These data are often used for decision making. DM processes are done continuously by any firm in order to maximize the profits reliability, etc. or minimize costs, risks, etc. There are software to facilitate this task, but the main problem is the capability for providing a quantitative solution when the case study has a large number of BCs. The DM problem is considered as a cyclic process in which the decision maker can evaluate the consequences of a previous decision. Figure 1 shows the normal process to solve a DM problem.


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What to Do with Guilt and Regrets
If only I'd been more attentive … nicer … taken better care of myself. Then I wouldn't be alone this holiday.
Because of the divorce, my kids have very few gifts under the tree.
Why did I make those wrong choices? It's changed everything.
You are not alone if regrets, guilt, and even shame are plaguing you this holiday season. Guilt is a common feeling after the loss of a marriage. But God offers you something that will help you find peace and freedom from your guilt.
Please understand first, though, that sometimes people feel guilty when they shouldn't. Your feelings of guilt might have nothing to do with wrongdoing on your part; they are more like regrets.*
If the guilt you feel is appropriate, or your wrong choices caused the breakup, don't despair! Christmas reminds us that God loves us and is willing to forgive us. He doesn't want you overwhelmed by shame, discouragement, or self-condemnation.
Even if you did not want your marriage to end and fought to keep your family together, you still have areas in your life where you need God's forgiveness. Because no one is perfect. The Bible says that "all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God" (Romans 3:23).
The free gifts of forgiveness and perfect standing
You're probably thinking, "I'm hurting enough right now as it is, and you want to talk about my sin?" Yes, because the consequences of our failures and disobedience are far more serious than people tend to think.
Suppose you've had an attitude with family members who were trying to help this holiday season. Or perhaps you've spoken harshly to your kids or coworkers. Maybe you've tried to get revenge on your spouse for hurting you. Even though those actions and reactions are in some ways understandable, God still doesn't approve of them. In fact, anytime we say, do, or even think anything that is contrary to God's will, we are guilty of sin.
What's more is that the penalty for sin is death, spiritually and eternally: "For the wages of sin is death" (Romans 6:23a). Hopefully now you can see why it's critical to talk about your sin.
Now, here's some good news …
Out of His love for you, God offers you the free gifts of forgiveness and perfect standing in His eyes through His Son. Jesus came to forgive and remove the guilt of all who admit they haven't lived up to God's expectations and who fully depend upon Jesus for help. Jesus, who is sin-free, transfers His perfect standing to everyone who believes that He suffered and died to pay the penalty of his or her sins.
"If you, LORD, kept a record of sins … who could stand? But with you there is forgiveness."
And the best part of all? These are free gifts—blessings no one earns or deserves.
"For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast."
How to receive these gifts
This Christmas season is a good time to make sure you've received the wonderful gifts of forgiveness and perfect standing. You do that by faith, by simply believing you have disobeyed God, acknowledging your need for Christ to die in your place, and agreeing that God should be the one directing your life (1 John 1:9; Romans 10:9–10).
"Brothers, listen! We are here to proclaim that through this man Jesus there is forgiveness for your sins. Everyone who believes in him is declared right with God."
The moment you believe those things, all your sins are forgiven and you are in perfect standing with God:
"[God] has reconciled you to himself through the death of Christ … And you are holy and blameless as you stand before him without a single fault. But you must continue to believe this truth and stand firmly in it."
The wrongs you've done should be taken seriously—anything from snide remarks or angry emails to quietly pushing someone's buttons to hurt that person. God has graciously shown us how to deal with our sin so we can experience forgiveness. If you would like to receive the gift of forgiveness and acknowledge Jesus' right to lead you, tell God something like this:
Dear God, I don't always get everything right. In fact, I often stubbornly live life on my own terms. Thank you helping me to see how wrong that is. And thank you for sending Jesus to suffer and die in my place for my sins. I'm so glad that Christ lived a perfect life for me—and that You accept me as if I've never done anything wrong. You are the one who should direct and guide me. So I resign from calling the shots and submit to your leadership. Thank you for forgiving me and making me perfect in Your sight. Please help and comfort me as I deal with the pain and confusion of my divorce.
"He has removed our sins as far from us as the east is from the west."
"Yet God freely and graciously declares that we are righteous. He did this through Christ Jesus when he freed us from the penalty for our sins."
"I love that God has given us a free gift," says Zoricelis Davila, "and it is not something that I have to work to earn. Our forgiveness and our salvation is by grace because God loves us, because He wants to give us that gift."
Christmas can be a time of peace and freedom from guilt for you. Why? Because Christmas is when we celebrate Jesus coming to this earth, the event that made God's gift of forgiveness possible. We celebrate the fact that, through Jesus, we can experience God's peace and forgiveness and be in a relationship with Him, now and eternally. And if you have turned control of your life over to Jesus, that's even more reason to celebrate this holiday season!
* Ask trusted friends, a pastor, and/or a counselor whether they think your guilt is unfounded or is based on something you need forgiveness for. Getting multiple perspectives helps.


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La Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE) vient du publier un rapport, rédigé par une chercheuse allemande, Kristina Kausch, et intitulé « Morocco: negotiating change with the Makhzen« , rédigé dans le cadre des travaux du Club de Madrid.
Le rapport estime que la réputation de « libéralisme » tout relatif du Maroc par rapport aux autres pays du sud de la Méditerranée est surfaite:
Morocco compares very favourably throughout the region in terms of democratic achievements, and has often been held up as a model of Arab progressive political liberalisation by Moroccan authorities and international observers. Upon closer inspection, however, the picture of Moroccan democratic reform does not appear quite as bright. While King Mohammed VI and the government have implemented a number of very important and valuable reforms, these have remained selective, ad-hoc, and in many cases flawed and superficial. Most importantly, the concentration of all meaningful political power in the palace has remained untouched.
Surprise, surprise, le rapport met en évidence non seulement les failles du dahir de 1958 relatif au droit d'association, mais surtout à sa non-application et aux règles informelles qui continuent d'être appliquées par les autorités – en l'occurence le ministère de l'intérieur, en charge de l'enregistrement des associations:
Firstly, NGOs across the board described a large number of difficulties regarding the process of registration of an association, and its ability to freely develop its activities thereafter. While some of the difficulties were attributed to flaws in the law regulating public liberties, most were said to be rooted in the predominance of informal rules and the lack of practical implementation of legal provisions.
Vient ensuite le manque d'accès aux médias et lieux de rassemblement publics:
Secondly, the limited access of associations to the public sphere, both in terms of public assembly and in terms of access to a wider audience via independent broadcasting media, was harshly criticised. Unnecessary administrative hindrances and informal rules regulating free assembly, the persistent de-facto state control over broadcasting media, and the flawed legal framework for freedom of expression and the press were highlighted in this regard.
L'existence de lois anti-terroristes contestées, qui discriminent indirectement les islamistes et les séparatistes, est mentionnée:
Thirdly, security and anti-terror measures, and in particular the anti-terrorism law adopted in the aftermath of the 2003 Casablanca terrorist bombings, were said to essentially undermine human rights and fundamental liberties, among them freedom of association.The frequent discrimination or exclusion of some constituencies, in particular some Islamist and Saharawi groups, received special mention.
Comme d'habitude, la nullité radicale de la justice marocaine est considérée comme l'obstacle le plus sérieux à des réformes réelles dans le domaine de la liberté d'association:
Fourthly, the lack of independence of the judiciary as a guarantor and safeguard of all codified fundamental liberties was underlined by all interlocutors as an overarching problem, which must be solved before any legal amendments to specific laws can take meaningful effect. Efforts to establish a strong and independent judiciary must therefore be at the forefront of all reforms aimed at strengthening freedom of association.The judiciary, however, cannot be independent without an effective separation of powers in constitution and practice, paired with major efforts to combat the widespread corruption of judges.
On notera la fatuité assez risible de certains responsables marocains, flattés de se comparer favorablement à la Libye, la Tunisie et la Syrie:
According to some high government officials, Morocco's comparatively advanced democratic reform process, and its modern approach to human development, are the subject of both envy and alarm in some of the less democratic and modern countries in the region, which have criticised Morocco for jeopardising their own internal stability. (…) Asked about the remaining challenges to freedom of association in Morocco, the Minister of the Interior replied he was "not aware of any particular problems". (pp. 2, 8 )
Commentaire: someone should wake up and smell the coffee – Moroccans certainly do not compare their politics with those of Libya or Tunisia…
L'auteure du rapport en convient:
Especially since 9/11,which focused international attention on the value of democratic governance, foreign actors have seen Morocco as "one of the easy cases" which required comparatively little attention. At the same time, the Moroccan experience has increasingly been held up as a regional model for democratisation, even though political reforms have in fact remained ad-hoc, partly superficial, and have notably failed to establish any accountability of decision-makers vis-à-vis the citizens. (…) While liberalisation under Mohammed VI has partially widened the space for political debate, the mechanisms of democratic governance have hardly been further developed, and popular participation has remained largely superficial.(p. 2)
Elle relève notamment le sempiternel problème de la non-délivrance du recépissé de déclaration d'une association, non-délivrance qui permet aux autorités de court-circuiter le dahir de 1958 en prétendant que le demandeur n'a jamais déposé de déclaration officielle de création d'une association:
In the case that there are no legally founded objections, a definitive receipt must be issued within a maximum of sixty days. Otherwise, after 60 days have expired, the association may freely carry out its activities according to the declared statutes (art. 5). So in theory, if there are no legal grounds for rejection, the association is automatically legally registered. No such automatic legality, however, is provided if the authorities fail to provide the provisional receipt in the first place. In this case, associations remain without proof of having submitted the dossier, and without legal recourse. (…) While the government affirms such irregularities to be the exception rather than the rule, civil society representatives claim the opposite, saying that in the vast majority of cases (estimated at 90 per cent) associations that apply for registration do not get the required receipt upon submission of their dossier. In addition, denials of receipt are often based on grounds of public security, most notably the fight against terrorism, although the anti-terror law adopted after the 2003 Casablanca bombings does not provide any authorisation to do so.19(pp. 4, 9)
Le refus de création sur base idéologique est relevé:
Assessment of a registration dossier by the authorities must have as its sole objective the verification of the formal legality of the declaration. No evaluation on political grounds should take place. While Moroccan association legislation foresees legal assessment only, in practice the administration also revokes the legal status of associations depending on "problematic" activities. According to an official in the Ministry of the Interior, some associations have had their registrations revoked for being "too active or busy". Again, vague formulations in the law help in justifying such actions. The groups and constituencies most affected by such discrimination are reportedly Islamist and leftist organisations, but also certain Berber and Saharawi groups. (p. 11)
Une fois n'est pas coutume, l'auteure consacre une part substantielle de son rapport au sort fait à al Adl wal ihsan, sans doute l'organisation politique marocaine la plus persécutée des pouvoirs publics à l'eheure actuelle, victime depuis 2006 de rafles et de procès collectifs à répétition, en l'absence cependant de toute violence de sa part:
As the rejection of the group's status as a legally registered association has never been explicitly confirmed by a court ruling, the group continues to consider itself a legal association. In fact, the organisation was able to keep on developing its activities as usual and without major interference by the authorities until 2000, when the latter initiated measures to inhibit these activities (eg: summer youth camps, which were forbidden by court order). Official discourse by the Moroccan authorities explicitly calls the group an "illegal" and "unrecognised" organisation, and state agents persecute the movement and treat all of its activities (publications, associative activities, assemblies etc.) as illegal. (…) The de-facto illegality of Al Adl Wal Ihsane affects not only the movement's members but also other organisations, and freedom of association in general, as any link to the group. For example, the participation of a member in an event or activity, almost automatically leads to the suspension of this activity. Human rights activists report cases where a neighbourhood association could not be founded because of a single Justice and Charity member living in the locality; and public roundtables organised by other NGOs being prohibited due to the participation of individuals linked to Al Adl Wal Ihsane. Letters of complaint that human rights associations have sent to the ministry, demanding explanation, received no response.
Une remarque critique sur ce rapport: l'auteure semble confondre la Cour internationale de justice et la Cour pénale internationale, à moins que ce soit ses interlocuteurs marocains (cf. pp. 19-20)…
Filed under: droit marocain, Plubopaysdumonde | Tagged: al adl wal ihsan, droit marocain, droits de l'homme, liberté d'association, libertés publiques, makhzen, maroc, réformes | 3 Comments »