text:
From Whonix
Warning: Office documents, pictures, videos and other files contain significant information in the meta tags that may de-anonymize the author. Before they are uploaded to the Internet or shared, this metadata should be removed.
For more information about metadata, refer to the Metadata anonymisation toolkit v2 (MAT2) [archive] Debian package or the MAT2 homepage [archive]. Additional information can be found on the Warning page; see Whonix ™ does not clear Document Metadata.
Metadata Risk[edit]
Metadata attached to files cannot be used to de-anonymize the user if the guidelines in this section are followed. However, whistleblowers should be aware of a host of other metadata and techniques that can be used to narrow the search for (or identify) leakers, including: [1]
- A list of persons who searched for, accessed or printed relevant documents.
- Persons inserting hardware devices like USBs into corporate computers, or those taking screenshots.
- Location data for handheld devices.
- Downloads and use of Tor Browser, Tails, Whonix or other anonymity, privacy, security and encryption (or related) software which is relatively unpopular.
- Inspection of ISP/corporate metadata associated with:
- Usernames, email addresses, physical addresses, phone numbers and credit card numbers.
- Internet IP addresses and log on data.
- Clearnet browsing and use of the Tor network.
- All communications metadata, including the type, source and destination, and the file size and duration of the communication. This includes emails and (encrypted) messaging.
- Via search warrants, sourcing all data from Google, Facebook and other corporate accounts; for example, all Gmail messages, Google History, web browser activity based on web browser cookies, and backups of (Android) phones.
- Other information discovered after forensic analysis of personal computers, external HDDs/SSDs, phones and other devices.
Be aware that most whistleblowers are identified by events and patterns of behavior that happen before they decide to blow the whistle or contact the media.
General Principles[edit]
- Always think twice before uploading/sharing anything.
- Only upload/share files which were either created or downloaded inside the Whonix-Workstation ™ and personally stripped of metadata.
- Before uploading/sharing photos or videos, it is safest to utilize a separate camera that is only used for anonymous purposes (unless the user is an expert).
Specific File Format Data Leakage[edit]
- Anonymous photo sharing requires consideration of both metadata and fingerprintable camera anomalies.
- Files created by editing software -- such as Microsoft Word, LibreOffice, Excel and so on -- can leak information about incremental edits and updates. Re-saving a final copy of the document might be enough to mitigate this risk, but further research is required.
- If JPEG images [archive] are stored in PDFs in their complete form without modification, EXIF data can be leaked.
- It is possible for adversaries to link 'anonymous' audio recordings to specific hardware (microphone) that is used, as well as fingerprint embedded audio acoustics associated with particular speakers -- the same operational security advice recommended for photographs must be followed.
- This is an inexhaustive list of file format leak problems and the user should understand that file format specifications are not designed with potential adversaries in mind. [2]
Scrubbing Metadata[edit]
Generally speaking, the only reliable way to scrub any type of document and avoid unintended leaks is to first use Imagemagick to convert them to images, then import them into a new PDF before distribution. This technique is reportedly used by advanced adversaries. [2]
This recommendation comes with an important caveat: untrusted files that are downloaded cannot be sanitized in this way, since malicious data can be crafted to remain intact even if processed by a format encoder. Therefore, the best way to interact with these files is to utilize the Whonix-Workstation ™ and sanitize them with the pre-installed MAT2 [archive] program. [3]
Failure to remove metadata does not always lead to de-anonymization, but it still may result in identity correlation to the same pseudonym. Consider the following example:
- A video is created with media software and uploaded to a popular video portal under pseudonym A.
- Another video is created using the same software and computer and uploaded under pseudonym B.
- An adversary who checks the metadata of both video files would quickly correlate both pseudonyms.
Warning on Leaking Original Source Documents[edit]
In recent times, leakers of high-value or high-security source documents have been identified (and jailed) via embedded steganographic messages [archive] or the zero-width space (homoglyph substitution) [archive] technique. [4]
It is highly unlikely that file cleaners will defeat these advanced fingerprinting methods. Persons who are considering leaking valuable, original source documents should adopt a far safer approach to avoid the threat of embedded signatures. Recommendations include: [5]
- Manually retype the related disclosures in a basic text editor which can easily be stripped of meta-data.
- Only leak short excerpts so the amount of information shared is kept to a minimum.
- At all times, avoid releasing the original documents in their raw form.
- Source the same documents from multiple leakers to confirm the content is identical byte-wise.
Specific cleaning tools do exist that strip non-whitelisted characters from the text. However, this is the least preferred approach for "safely" sharing documents if personal liberty is at stake.
MAT2: Metadata Anonymisation Toolkit v2[edit]
At the time of writing, the latest version of MAT2 currently supports the following file formats: [6]
- Audio Video Interleave (.avi)
- Electronic Publication (.epub)
- Free Lossless Audio Codec (.flac)
- Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
- Hypertext Markup Language (.html)
- Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
- JPEG (.jpeg, .jpg, ...)
- MPEG Audio (.mp3, .mp2, .mp1, .mpa)
- MPEG-4 (.mp4)
- Office Openxml (.docx, .pptx, .xlsx, ...)
- Ogg Vorbis (.ogg)
- Open Document (.odt, .odx, .ods, ...)
- Portable Document Fileformat (.pdf)
- Tape ARchive (.tar, .tar.bz2, .tar.gz)
- Torrent (.torrent)
- Windows Media Video (.wmv)
- ZIP (.zip)
Take careful note of MAT2's limitations: [6]
MAT2 only removes metadata from your files, it does not anonymise their content, nor can it handle watermarking, steganography, or any too custom metadata field/system.
If you really want to be anonymous, use file formats that do not contain any metadata, or better: use plain-text.
Use Instructions[edit]
MAT2 does not have a GUI option and must be run from the command line. For a list of available MAT2 options, launch a terminal in Whonix-Workstation ™ and run.
Note: MAT2 does not clean files in-place. Instead, once 'dirty' files (with removable metadata) are cleaned, the clean files are created in the same directory with the .cleaned extension. For example, "myfile.png" will lead to a new version named "myfile.cleaned.png".
Users also report that MAT2 is broken if bubblewrap is installed, since it is automatically used for MAT2 sandboxing which is currently incompatible with Whonix ™
hidepid settings. [7] [8] [9] If this error is encountered, it can be bypassed with the
--no-sandbox flag.
Other Tools[edit]
- Exiftool [archive] - a Perl application for editing metadata in a wide variety of files.
- exiv2 [archive] - a C++ application to manage image metadata.
- jhead [archive] - a JPEG header manipulation tool.
- pdfparanoia [archive] - a tool to remove watermarks from academic papers.
- pdf-redact-tools [archive] - another tool to securely redact and strip metadata from PDF documents.
See Also[edit]
Gratitude is expressed to JonDos [archive] for permission [archive] to use material from their website. (w [archive]) (w [archive]) [10] The Metadata page contains content from the JonDonym documentation Anonymizing Documents and Pictures [archive] page.
- ↑ https://theintercept.com/2019/08/04/whistleblowers-surveillance-fbi-trump/ [archive]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://speakerdeck.com/ange/an-overview-of-pdf-potential-leaks [archive]
- ↑ Refer to the Metadata anonymisation toolkit v2 website for further information.
- ↑ In the latter method, the leaker is unable to see additional zero-width or zero-width non-joiner characters which are used to fingerprint text. Even a single type of zero-width character provides enough bits of entropy to fingerprint the relevant text.
- ↑ https://www.zachaysan.com/writing/2017-12-30-zero-width-characters [archive]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 https://packages.debian.org/buster/mat2 [archive]
- ↑ https://forums.whonix.org/t/install-bubblewrap-by-default-to-make-use-of-mat2s-sandboxing/8177 [archive]
- ↑ https://0xacab.org/jvoisin/mat2/issues/120 [archive]
- ↑ https://github.com/containers/bubblewrap/issues/198 [archive]
- ↑ Broken link: https://anonymous-proxy-servers.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=31220#p31220 [archive]
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text:
|Method for deflection of optical rays and an optical arrangement therefor
|Radiation detector with asymmetrical pattern
|Motion discontinuance detection system and method
|Infrared intrusion detection system
|Intrusion detection devices employing multiple scan zones
means for controlling the flow of electrical energy between a source of electrical energy and a load in the form of electrical lights, in accordance with a control signal;
passive infrared detector means for generating an electrical signal relating to infrared energy received thereby; said infrared detector means having an optical center axis;
control circuit means coupled to said detector and to said controlling means for generating said control signal;
a segmented off-axis lens for creating a plurality of fields of view for said detecting means, said fields of view extending over an arc exceeding 90 degrees, said lens comprising a plurality of selected lens segments, said segments being arranged in a series in front of said detectors means; at increasing angular positions to the perpendicular to the optical center toward a first end,
at least one reflective surface at an acute angle with respect to the center axis of said detector and positioned between said lens and said detector along the center axis of said detector, said reflective surface reflecting infrared energy passing through at least one of the respective segments at said first end of said segmented lens toward said detector.
further including at least two reflective surfaces at an angle with respect to each other and positioned between the center section and said detector along the center axis of the detector, each of said reflective surfaces reflecting infrared energy passing through at least one of the respective segments at the ends of the lens toward said detector.
further including a manual switch having at least on, off and automatic positions, in the on position the switch directly completes the connection to the electrical lights and by-passes the means for controlling, in the off position the connection from the electrical energy source to the means for controlling is opened, and in the automatic position the electrical energy from the source is passed to the means for controlling.
further including a source of d.c. voltage for the detector, first circuit and second circuit, when said switch is in the automatic position and said means for controlling it on said d.c. voltage being derived from at least one Zener diode connected in series with the means for controlling, and when said means for controlling is off said d.c. voltage being derived from said source directly.
a photodetector means producing an electrical light sensing signal indicative of the ambient light in the area of the device, and
a photocircuit means for producing an output level when the light sensing signal is greater than a predetermined level, the output of said photocircuit means inhibiting the operation of said device such that electrical energy is inhibited from reaching said electrical lights.
first circuit means for detecting when changes in said electrical signal exceed a predetermined level and producing a predetermined signal level in response thereto; and
second circuit means for creating said control signal in response to said predetermined signal level, said second circuit means including a delay circuit for maintaining said control signal for a fixed period of time after said signal level is removed.
a plurality of selected Fresnel lens segments arranged in series along a curve in front of the detector so as to form a lens, each segment representing a different one of the selected fields of view, said lens having a center segment aligned with the detector optical center axis and respective ends; and
at least one reflective surface positioned in front of the detector behind the center segment of the lens, said surface reflecting the energy passing through the segments at the respective ends of the lens nearly directly and perpendicularly into the detector, such that the lens sensitivity is made more nearly equal for each segment, the segments which pass energy directly to the detector being selected from a portion of a Fresnel lens of a particular magnification, including those portions off the lens axis, which refract the energy from the selected field of view into substantial focus at the detector, the segments which pass energy to the detector after reflection from the reflector surface being selected from a portion of a Fresnel lens of a particular magnification, including off axis portions, which refract the energy from the selected field of view into substantial focus at the detector after reflection at the reflector surface.
said at least one reflective surface being in the form of two reflective surfaces at an angle with respect to each other and positioned behind a portion of the center section of the lens, said surfaces reflecting the energy passing through the segments at respective ends of the lens to the detector such that the lens sensitivity is made more nearly equal for each segment, said fields of view being spread over an arc of nearly 180 degrees.
wherein the reflective surfaces reflect the energy of the two respective end-most segments on each side.
This invention relates to lighting control systems and, more particularly, to lighting control systems which operate automatically to provide illumination when a room is occupied.
Up to 50% of the electric energy costs for a commercial building are for lighting. Much of this cost is wasted, either because the area illuminated in the building is unoccupied or is sufficiently illuminated during daylight hours by sunlight passing through windows. Some static methods have been used to improve the situation. These include removing lamps from certain fixtures and using lamps which are more efficient than conventional incandescent and fluorescent lights. However, in more recent years automatic lighting control systems have been used.
These automatic systems adjust the amount of electrically generated illumination in response to the ambient sunlight available and also automatically turn off the lights when the room or area is unoccupied.
A simple form of automated control employs computers or timers to turn the lights on and off at preset times. This occurs so that after working hours the lights are not accidentally left on. The problem with such a system is that frequently it is necessary to have the lights on at night for maintenance and cleaning personnel, as well as regular employees who must work late.
A more sophisticated system uses photodiodes to control the lighting system based on available ambient lighting. Such a system can turn off unneeded lights or dim their output when sufficient sunlight is available. An example of such a system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,383,288 of Hess, et al.
With photodetector type lighting control systems, there is still wasted energy because lights are not turned off in unoccupied areas. One way of correcting this is by incorporating occupancy detectors into the control system. Such detectors may operate by utilizing ultrasonic or infrared detectors. These devices use shifts in received ultrasonic or infrared energy to indicated movement of a person into and within the area. If no movement is detected within a particular period of time, the system turns off the lights in the area.
Commercial examples of ultrasonic control systems are sold under the tradename Enertron UD and Light-O-Matic Model 01-071. These devices, however are subject to false triggering due to noise vibrations unrelated to the occupancy of the room. Thus they are inaccurate and highly unreliable.
Lighting systems controlled by passive infrared sensors are much less sensitive to extraneous signals than ultrasonic models. Commercial versions of these systems are sold by United technologies under the name Infracon. This type of device, however, can only cover an arc of about 60° because passive infrared detectors are characterized by a lambertian distribution of sensitivity. In particular the sensitivity decreases as the cosine of the angle from the optical axis. Thus at an angle of 30° from the optical axis the sensitivity is only half what it is at the center. As a result the signal-to-noise ratio is decreased at the edges of a 60° arc and the effectiveness of the detector is lessened.
One way to improve the effective arc of an infrared detector is to employ a lens to direct the heat energy from a wider angle into the effective area of the lens. Such a system is sold under the name LightWatch by Colorado Electro-Optics. This device uses two Fresnel lenses and has an effective arc of about 90°.
In a typical room the most useful detector would be a passive infrared type with an effective arc approaching at least 180°. In such an arrangement the detector could be located near one wall and could scan the entire room for heat changes that indicate occupancy of the room. However, there are no known prior art detectors with this capability.
The present invention is directed to the provision of wide-angle fields of view for a passive infrared detector utilized in lighting control systems. This extended field of view is achieved with an optical system employing curved, contiguous segmented, off-axis lenses.
In an illustrative embodiment of the invention lights in a room or area are turned on and off automatically depending on whether the room or area is occupied. Occupancy in the room is detected by means of a passive infrared sensor. Whenever the detector indicates that there is a change in the heat received within its field of view, a signal is produced in a circuit means which causes the lights in the room to be turned on. The lights remain in the on condition for a fixed period of time, e.g., a few minutes, and then turn off unless there are additional changes in the heat received by the detector, which would indicate movement of an occupant within the room.
The signal from the circuit means typically controls an SCR or triac device which controls the electrical energy delivered to the lights in the room. Only changes in heat energy are detected by a.c. coupling the detector signal to the circuit means.
In order to spread the field of view of the detector over a range up to, and even exceeding, 180° and to compensate for the typical Lambertian distribution of sensitivity of detectors, a unique optical system is provided. This optical system includes a plurality of off-axis lens segments and a reflective surface.
A preferred embodiment of the invention employs twelve (12) lens elements, six (6) on each side of the optical axis. Each of the segments of the lens creates a field of view for the infrared detector, which fields of view are approximately 15° apart. To establish the two fields of view at the extremes of the arc on each side of the axis, reflective surfaces are located immediately in front of the detector and are positioned to reflect infrared energy received at the two endmost lens segments on each side of the arc directly into the middle of the detector. The other four lens segments on each side of the central axis refract infrared energy directly to the detector without reflection. Through the use of these off-axis lenses it is possible to position the fields of view created by each of the lens segments at desired positions.
Of those segments which pass infrared energy directly to the detector, the ones most remote from the center axis of the detector will be the least sensitive because of the Lambertian effect. However, since the reflective surfaces direct the infrared energy from the even more remote lens segments at an angle directly into the detector, a relatively uniform sensitivity is achieved over the entire arc of sensitivity of the detector .
The foregoing and other features of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and drawings of illustrative embodiments of the invention in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective diagrammatic view of a portion of a room equipped with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front elevation of the wall mounted lighting control device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 2 substantially along line 3--3;
FIG. 4 is a layout of the optical path in the device of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of the lens assembly of the device of FIG. 2 when laid out in a plane;
FIG. 6 is an electrical schematic of the control circuits of the device of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a plan elevation of a table-mounted lighting control device according to the present invention; and
FIG. 8 is a front elevation of the device of FIG. 7.
In FIG. 1 there is shown a perspective view, partially broken, of a room equipped with the present invention. In particular the room has a passive infrared detector device 10 mounted on a wall adjacent a door 11. The device 10 has a plurality of fields of view 13 shown as arrows. The number and spacing of these fields is preselected and, for example, may total twelve (12) fields of view extending over an arc of nearly 180°.
The twelve (12) fields of view are spaced about 15° apart. The two end fields are not positioned at 90° with respect to the center line of the device 10. Rather, they are spaced at approximately 82.5° from the center line. This has been done so that the end field of view will not look directly down the wall upon which the sensor has been mounted. The endmost fields are at a slight angle from the wall, e.g. at approximately 7.5° from the wall. The effect of this is to place the first field of view approximately 3 feet from the wall at 25 feet from the sensor. Thus one of the available fields will not be wasted in scanning a wall but yet will be sufficiently close to the wall that it will detect a person entering the room through the door 11.
Since the device 10 is designed to control the lighting in the room it must be connected into the normal lighting electrical wiring system. Further, the detector and its associated circuitry require power. Therefore, a most convenient location for the device 10 is as a replacement for the normal light switch in a typical switch box. These boxes are usually located along the wall near the entrance door to the room. Thus they are in an ideal position for detecting entry into the room because of the nearly 180° arc of the fields of view. Additionally, these boxes are typically located at such a height that the fields of view for the detector intersect the positions of either standing or sitting occupants in the room. Thus power for the device, a connection to the lighting load to be controlled, and a proper scan height are found at this location.
In FIG. 2 there is shown a front view of a lighting switch box which has the present invention installed therein. As can be seen from this view, a mode switch 12 is available on the front of the device 10. In the "off" position switch 12 prevents the lights from being turned on. In the "on" position it manually causes the lights to be on. However, when set in the "auto" position the lights will turn on only when an occupant is present in the room. FIG. 2 also shows a front view of a curved lens assembly 14 which determines the fields of view and which focus the infrared energy on a detector.
As more readily viewed in FIG. 3 the curved lens assembly 14 consists of twelve (12) lens segments. Six of these segments are to the left of the optical axis 15 of an infrared detector 28 and six (6) to the right thereof. The six lens segments to the left of axis 15 and the six to the right of axis 15 are mirror images of each other in this illustrative embodiment so the fields of view are similarly spaced on opposite sides of the axis 15. Since the left and right lens segments are mirror images, only one set of these lenses need be considered to obtain a complete understanding of the optical system. Thus, the six lens segments 20-25 to the right are considered in more detail in FIGS. 3 and 4. The first four lenses extending to the right from the optical axis have viewing areas which are 7.5°, 22.5°, 37.5° and 52.5° from the center axis of the detector 28. Each of these four lens segments 20-23 directly refract and focus infrared energy received at these angular positions into the infrared detector 28.
Lens segments 24 and 25 collect infrared energy at 67.5° and 82.5°, respectively, from the optical axis 15. Instead of attempting to direct this energy directly to the infrared detector 28, these lenses direct the energy onto a reflective surface 29 at the rear portion of a mounting block 26. From this reflecting surface 29 the energy is directed substantially along the optical axis 15 to the detector 28. If it were not for the reflective surface 29 the infrared energy received through the lenses 24 and 25 would approach the detector at an extreme acute angle. Due to the Lambertian sensitivities, this angle would be so great that the detector would be unable to register the energy received. Thus with the combination of off-axis lenses as well as reflective surface 29, the fields of view may be spread out over a wide range and the degradation in sensitivity due to Lambertian distribution is reduced.
Preferably the infrared detector sensing element 28 is made of lithium tantalate material. A Germanium window is located over the sensing element. In commercial form a fieldeffect transistor amplifier may be included in the case with the sensor. Such a device is sold by Eltec Instruments of Daytona Beach, Fla. as Model 40623.
The lens for the control unit comprises several contiguous segments of Fresnel lenses made of polyethylene material. A complete Fresnel lens would be in the form of a flat transparent flexible sheet of plastic material having concentric rings. The forward surface of each of these rings is at a slightly greater angle with respect to the perpendicular to the center of the lens. As a result the lens has the same general characteristics as a spherical lens with light passing directly through the relatively perpendicular lens segment at the center of the concentric circles of the Fresnel lens and light being bent to a greater extent in the concentric circles more remote from the center.
The further a segment of Fresnel lens is from the center, the more it bends light beams passing through it. This is true even if the center portion of the lens is not present in the segment. Thus, if it is necessary to bend an energy beam (including an infrared energy beam) by a particular amount, it is necessary only to determine the distance from the Fresnel lens center where there is a portion which causes the ray to bend by this amount. Only that particular segment need be included in the optical system where the beam passes. For this reason segments off the center axis of the lens can be used and this type of optical device is referred to as an "off-axis" lens.
FIG. 4 shows the optical arrangement chosen for the present invention. It shows the general placement of the six Fresnel lens segments 20-25 to the right of the optical axis illustrated in FIG. 4. The first lens segment 20 is selected so that energy approaching the detector device at an angle of 7.5° will be bent such that it comes to focus at the detector 28. This lens element 20 has a complementary lens element on the other side of the reflector surface support 26 which also receives and focuses energy at 7.5°. These two elements together scan a 15° area directly towards the front of the detector. Because of the reflector support structure 26, however, there will be a small gap in the middle of this receiving field equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the support 26. This gap remains essentially constant throughout the field of view and is typically on the order of 1 inch.
The entire lens array is flexible and is bent into a curve shape as shown in both FIGS. 3 and 4. As a result it is only necessary for the lens element 20 to bend received infrared energy sufficient to come into focus at detector 28. An optical center 20' shows the location of the optical center of the Fresnel lens from which lens element 20 was selected. Lens segment 21 similarly focuses energy received at an angle of 22.5° onto the detector. The optical center of lens segment 21 is indicated as 21' in FIG. 4. Segments 22 and 23 are similar to the first two segments, except they are set to receive energy at 37.5° and 52.5°. Their optical centers are at 22' and 23'. It should be noted that for the lenses 20 and 21 the optical centers of the lenses from which they were selected are to the left of the segment. However, with respect to elements 22 and 23 the optical centers are to the right of the segments.
The ideal location for segments 20-23 are shown in solid line in FIG. 4. However, since it would be inconvenient to have lens segments in these positions, the segments are positioned along the dotted line curve as shown. Thus there will be a slight defocusing of the infrared energy, but this is so slight as not to create a serious problem.
Lens segments 24 and 25 are arranged differently than lens segments 20-23. In particular lens segments 24 and 25 are arranged so that energy received at 67.5° and 82.5° is bent so that it contacts reflective surface 29 and is reflected into detector 28. The optical centers for the lens segments are at 24' and 25', respectively. Since the path from segments 24 and 25 to the detector are somewhat longer than for segments 20-23, lenses 24, 25 are made from a different Fresnel lens having a longer focal length. In particular lenses 20-23 have a 1.15 inches focal length and lenses 24,25 have a focal length of 1.35 inches in the illustrated embodiment.
As shown fairly well in FIG. 3, there is an optical baffle 27 through which the infrared energy must pass after passing through the Fresnel lenses and reflecting off surface 29. This baffle is arranged to allow all of the desired infrared energy to reach the detector, but to block out extraneous energy. The location of this baffle is also pictured in FIG. 4 where it is shown to be positioned such that the energy received by lens 23 may just pass its end and reach the detector, and the energy received by lens 25 passes parallel to it and contacts the reflector surface 29 which bends it toward the detector 28 through the opening in the baffle.
If it is found desirable to have additional fields of view, the number of lens segments can be increased. The number of fields of view can also be decreased by decreasing the number of lens segments. Further, the angles at which the fields of view are set up can be varied by varying the portion of the Fresnel lens from which a segment is selected. In particular, the further away from the optical center that the lens the segment is selected, the greater it will bend the incident infrared energy.
By using the optical arrangement shown in FIG. 4 the fields of view for the detection device can be spread out over 180° or more. In addition, a particular number of fields of view can be selected by choosing the proper number of lens segments and the position of each individual field of view can be varied by selecting its lens segment from particular portions of a Fresnel lens of particular optical power.
As best seen in FIG. 5 the lens segments to either side of the center line 15 are mirror images of each other and thus the analysis set forth in FIG. 4 for lenses 20-25 could be repeated for the lenses on the other side of the reflector support 26. In addition, FIG. 5 shows that the optical center of some of the lenses can be viewed in the segment piece selected, while in others the segment selected is so remote from the optical axis that the optical center of the lens cannot be seen and is not present in the lens segment.
The combination of off-axis lens elements of different focal length and reflecting surfaces does not readily lend itself to a single contiguous set of lens elements. Careful selection and placement of the various geometries results in a set of discontinuous elements, each skewed at some angle to the other. The net result of this is an optical system which combines a dual mirrored surface with dual focus, off-axis contiguous lens segments which are flexible and curved.
As previously noted the detector has a sensitivity that drops off as the incident rays reach it at greater angles. With the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 the sensitivity is made more uniform by using reflective surface 29 to direct the energy from the most extreme angles directly into the detector. The result is to create a sensor with approximately plus or minus 15% maximum variation in sensitivity for any field of view over an arc of 180°.
An electrical circuit for operating in conjunction with the sensor and for controlling the electrical lights in a room or area is shown in FIG. 6. In the present system, motion is seen as a change in infrared radiation by the infrared detector 28. This motion is an indication that a room or area is occupied and that the lights should be turned on.
In FIG. 6 the detector 28 is shown as a lithium tantalate crystal which is connected to a field effect transistor 32 arranged as a source follower. This source follower transistor 32 acts as a preamplifier. Resistor 65 and capacitor 67 decouple the preamplifier from the power supply, which reduces the effects of power supply variations and eliminates parasitic oscillations. The signal from the source follower transistor 32 is passed through a capacitor 33 to the non-inverting input of operational amplifier 34. This a.c. coupling through capacitor 33 eliminates background infrared information and passes only that signal representing a change in infrared signal.
The values of bias resistors 71,72 as well as capacitor 33 are chosen to limit the low frequency response of amplifier 34 to approximately 0.5 Hz. Resistor 74 is connected in series with a capacitor 75 between ground and the inverting input of amplifier 34 These are also chosen to limit the low frequency response of the amplifier. Feedback capacitor 76 and resistor 77 are chosen to limit the high frequency response of the amplifier to 10 Hz. A capacitor 78 is connected between the output of the amplifier 34 and ground in order to eliminate parasitic oscillations.
The output of amplifier 34 is directly coupled to a comparator circuit 36 at its inverting input. A threshold voltage for the comparator 36 is set by resistors 79 and 80. The resistor 80 and capacitor 82 control the low frequency response of the comparator. The high frequency response is controlled by resistor 80 and capacitor 84.
The output of comparator 36 is normally at a high level and switches to a low level when a positive signal exceeding the threshold voltage is applied to the inverting input. When the signal is negative and of sufficient amplitude, diode 83, which is connected between the inverting and non-inverting inputs of the comparator, will conduct and change the reference voltage on the non-inverting input. As a result the output will switch to a low level when the signal returns to normal.
The low level which is generated at the output of comparator 36 when motion is detected, is coupled through a diode 37 to the inverting input of a comparator 38. This signal causes the output of comparator 38 to switch to a high level which is coupled through current-limiting resistor 85 to the gate of a triac 40, causing it to switch on. With triac 40 on, current flows through the load which is typically the ballast of a fluorescent lighting system. The turning on of triac 40 completes the circuit between one line 86 of the 120 volt a.c. supply, the load, the triac 40, a diode 88, switch 12 and the other side 87 of the 120 volt supply.
When the low signal from comparator 38 ends, capacitor 43, which was previously discharged through diode 37, starts to charge again through a resistor 41. When the voltage across capacitor 43 exceeds the comparator 38 threshold voltage, the triac will be switched off, thus removing the voltage from the lighting load. Capacitor 43 and resistor 41 are selected so that there is a delay of several minutes before the triac is turned off, once it has been turned on. This gives the system sufficient time to monitor the room for any movements. Thus, if an occupant is in the room, but is remaining relatively stationary for a period of time, the lights will continue to remain on. Only after several minutes without the detection of motion, will the lights finally turn off.
In FIG. 6 resistor 90 is part of a photo-override circuit. This resistor 90 and a resistor 91 establish the comparator threshold voltage for comparator 38. Resistor 93 connected between the output and non-inverting input of comparator 38 provides hysteresis which prevents the rapid switching on and off of the circuit due to noise as the voltage on capacitor 43 crosses the comparator threshold.
In the photo-override circuit resistors 95 and 96 set the threshold voltage of a comparator 50. When the illumination level in a room is low, the resistance of a photo-resistor 52 is high. This causes a low level at the inverting input of comparator 50 due to resistors 97, 98. The low level creates a high level at the output of comparator 50 across resistor 94 in the absence of other ambient light. This high level permits comparator 38 in the main switching circuit to operate as previously described. However, when the illumination level in an area is increased, for example due to sunlight entering a window, the photoresistance decreases to the point where the voltage at the inverting input of comparator 50 exceeds the threshold. This causes the output of comparator 50 to switch to a low level which inhibits comparator 38 from operating. It accomplishes this by lowering the voltage at the non-inverting input of comparator 38 through resistor 90, if comparator 38 is in the off position. If comparator 38 is in the on condition, its output voltage is applied to the non-inverting input of comparator 50 through a diode 54, which inhibits the operation of the photo-override circuit.
In addition to the automatic operation, switch 12 allows for manual override of the normal operation of the circuit. In the "off" position the 120 volt line is opened by switch 12. In the "on" position the triac is by-passed so that the 120 volt line voltage is directly applied to the load.
In order to power the control circuit a power supply is provided. When the triac 40 is off, capacitor 60 and resistor 99 pass a.c. current to a Zener diode 62. Resistor 99 prevents a capacitor 66 from delivering destructively high peak currents to the triac when it switches on. The a.c. voltage is half-wave rectified by Zener 62 and is applied through a diode 64 to capacitor 66. This capacitor filters the half-wave voltage before it is applied to the input of a regulator integrated circuit 68. Diode 64 prevents capacitor 66 from discharging through capacitor 60. Typically the integrated circuit regulator 68 produces a 5-volt output level which is further filtered by an additional capacitor 70.
With a device that is mounted in the wall switch box, when triac 40 is on the 120 volt signal is not available for use in the power supply directly. Therefore, a low voltage a.c. half-wave signal is developed across Zener diodes 71-73 and applied to filter capacitor 66 through a diode 75. Diode 88 reduces the heat generated in the Zener diodes 71-73 due to conduction in the forward direction.
As an alternative to mounting the control device in a wall panel, it may be provided with its own pedestal such that it may be placed on any horizontal surface which is thirty to forty-eight inches above the floor. Such a device is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. It may also be hung on any wall at the same height using mounting keyholes on the back. Whatever way it is mounted it should be oriented to cover an area where detection is desired.
Provision is made in this device so that it may be plugged into a wall socket and a light or other appliance may be plugged into it. Since it is plugged into a wall socket, 120 volts a.c. is always available, even when the triac is on. Consequently, the Zener diodes 71-73 and associated circuitry in FIG. 6 may be eliminated in the power supply for this alternative device. Instead the 120 volt signal is merely applied directly across zener 62 and capacitor 60.
It should be understood that the fields of view of either the wall-mounted or table-mounted device are spread out in a horizontal plane approaching 180°, but the field of view is relatively narrow in vertical spread. Further, the fields of view are arranged at about the height of a lighting switch above the floor. It is only motion in these fields of view which is detected. Thus if the device were positioned so that the fields pass about two feet above a bed in a room, when the person lies down in the bed the beams will pass above his body without making contact. After several minutes the lights in the room will go out, even though the person may move in his sleep, because the fields of view are too high. However, should the person rise up in bed or get out of bed, his body will enter the fields of view of the device and the light will come on automatically.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
VAN BUREN COUNTY, Mich. — Over a hundred dogs, cats and two owners all lived together in the same house. Tuesday, Van Buren County sheriff deputies changed all that.
"The smell was horrid, feces and urine all over the house," said Sgt Dan Abbott with the Van Buren County Sheriff's Office. "The outside was the same thing."
Abbott said the animals' bowls of water were filled with algae and mold. In total, that afternoon deputies counted 108 dogs, 8 cats, 5 horses and donkey living inside and outside of the two-story home in Lawrence Township. The animals, including puppies and kittens, were taken to local rescue centers and a one horse is being tended to at a nearby barn.
"They were all covered with fleas," said Sgt. Abbott about the dogs at the Animal Control center in Van Buren County. "The shelter went through them one by one and give them their baths and did things like that."
Eighty-three of the dogs were taken to the kennel on County Road 681. Most of the dogs were playful, not afraid to bark or come close to the volunteers. But others were timid, lying in their cages silently.
"They're adjusting," said kennel director Kasey Murphy. "We're still kind of feeling out who needs what. Things that kind of weren't as apparent yesterday due to the stress, due to just adjusting to things to the shelter."
Murphy said rescue workers, a group comprised of veterinarians and volunteers from pet organizations, have been working tirelessly with the dogs. Each dog has been given proper food to eat, clean water to drink and medical attention. Some of the workers found that the puppies have worms in the stomachs.
"I have an amazing network of my rescues that when I said we have some problems, they didn't even ask what they were," said Murphy. "They have been working 7am to 5, if not later."
The workers have been bringing food and supplies with them. Local pet stores have donated pet necessities as well. As for the owners, Donald Smith and Melissa Coppen, they were arrested and are now facing charges. Coppen recently told FOX 17 that she tried to get the authorities to help with the dogs.
"It's actually not uncommon," said Sgt. Abbott. "You see it all over where hoarders hoard animals just like anything else."
Murphy said she starting to see the dogs relax a little bit but they're not ready for adoption. That's a decision for the courts. Right now, she and the rescue workers are focused on getting the dogs to a healthy state.
"I just want what;s best for the animals," said Murphy. "That's it."
If you'd like to make a donation:
The Van Buren County Sheriffs Office ask that all donation items be dropped off at 205 S Kalamazoo Street, Paw Paw, MI 49079. They'll take puppy food, blankets, toys, other miscellaneous supplies and money.


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Gerard Frack is the strategic director of Phonelink Communications, qualified chartered accountant and telecommunications guru.
Born in the heart of Sydney in 1966, Gerard spent his childhood in NSW and graduated with a Commerce degree at the University of NSW and then proceeded to qualify as a chartered accountant whilst working for KPMG in Sydney. Gerard then transferred to London with KPMG before joining the telecommunications industry in 1993 at Optus Communications.
Gerard's flair for focused business strategy, aggressive competitive tactics and ability to create huge profits was recognized as he was elected Director of Wholesale business at an unprecedented young age, and then later promoted to Director of Mobile - Consumer and Wholesale. It was during this time, Gerard's extensive knowledge of the telecommunications industry emerged
Gerard was directly responsible for the sales, marketing, finance and business strategy for the Optus consumer mobile market leading a team of over 140 staff and responsible for creating turnover of over $1 billion.
Headhunted for One.Tel, Gerard was invited to join the national corporation as their CEO Mobile. He commenced his position in March 2001, however due to an unforeseen deterioration in the financial situation at One.Tel, the company was placed into voluntary administration by May 2001. Gerard spent those crucial three months focusing his energy and strategic ability to improve operational performance and identifying rescue options for the mobile business.
Since June 2001, Gerard has offered his telecommunications expertise in the form of private consultancy services. Advising the likes of ACN Australia and M8 Telecom, Gerard is now understandably recognized as one of the leading consultants after 16 years of successful experience in the industry.
In 2005 Gerard was asked to head up the operations of The Strathfield Group as CEO. Gerard Frack lead the turnaround of the then troubled Strathfield Group from significant losses to profitability. He reduced costs and staff numbers across the business, refocused the business into selling mobile phones and car entertainment, implemented new IT systems and commenced franchising the stores. The combination of these factors moved the group into profitability within months of being appointed.
Currently, Gerard works as the Strategic Director of Phonelink Communications. The independent telecommunications provider offers an exclusive boutique service to its business clients. The company prides itself on delivering communications solutions by analysing business expenditure on mobiles and/or fixed lines and then developing a unique tailored package to suit each particular business' requirements. The company is now considered the unrivalled concierge to hundreds of clients across Australia including Ebay, Ray White franchises and Richardson and Wrench, slashing bills by up to 50% and saving them time and money year after year.
"Phonelink is breathing life back into the telecommunications industry giving the major network's some fierce competition, whilst increasing service standards" Gerard continues "They have perfected the balance between negotiating the rates down with the networks and providing personal account management"
Phonelink has unrivalled success within the telecommunications industry... Read more
Phonelink offers only the very best deals to its customers...
Phonelink provides services to some of the biggest and best prestige brands...Read more
You can't programme a computer to deliver the personalised service and follow up so effortlessly executed by the above and beyond Phonelink Team. Adam Williams
Faultless analysis and forecasting, year after year! appco group Australia
Extremely efficient, reliable and very honest! Phonelink really takes on board the needs of their client! Brescia Furniture
In my fast paced industry we only want the best. The broadest knowledge backed by dedicated customer care- lead by known industry experts. Bronwen Gora, The Sunday Telegraph
We've worked together for the past 6 years with nothing but exceptional service and consistency in cost minimising CEO Haier Australia
The company is like second mother to me particularly when I'm overseas which is usually more often than not. Charles Billich, Internationally Acclaimed Artist, Billich Gallery
Honest, reliable, proactive for over 5 years DecoRug
I discovered Phonelink through a friend and have never looked back since taking on their services.
It's hard to find such prompt, friendly service these day's. PHONELINK seem to have it all, not to mention the extensive savings on my phone bills. Eat Fit Food
Phonelink provide best price supported by diligent account management for over 10 years! Hannas Civil Engineering
In a time of continual technological developments and conflicting claims from a host of "providers", who often promise the world and deliver substantially less, it is not only reassuring to us but highly beneficial to at last be able to deal with a specialised telecommunications company. We have found PhoneLink Communications consistently provide the best and cheapest solution to our requirements. The PhoneLink total package of "all in one-stop specialised shop" delivers reliable equipment and providers backed by their own fast response times. Our savings are huge. All of this makes them a valuable partner in our ongoing mission to do what we do well; provide the best unbiased, professional and immediate response to our own valued customer investor base.
We warmly commend PHONELINK to any business looking for these same requirements. Lifetime Property Planners
Excellent business partner Moriah College
Exceptional service backed with market leading pricing, friendly and contactable staff Nachi Australia
Phonelink have been a fantastic help to our organisation, meeting all of our mobile phone and data connection requirements. Always extremely professional and helpful and have always provided us with great personal service. Pharmacy 4 Less Group
Honesty, integrity and the savings forecast are consistently SPOT ON Raine and Horne
Genuine people are a rarity in this world and that's why Phonelink supports our business Ray White
Our accounts are reviewed to ensure we are on the best possible plan at all times. You have exceeded and gone beyond our expectations and delivered more than your promises Richardson and Wrench
Our global brand requires service both on and off the field, Phonelink delivers this with a friendly smile… everytime! Saacke Australia
I only want the best for my business and with Phonelink we have the top echelon of Industry leaders from a variety of network all supporting our business – money can't buy that experience Schiavello Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd
The professionalism and efficiency of Phonelink across a range of technologies make it easy to recommend them to new customers, always a pleasure to do business with. True Solution International
When I need something I need it now and only Phonelink comes through time after time on an international level!Unity Executive Services


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You can send your news of special events, workshops, meetings, etc. on Hatteras and Ocracoke islands to email@example.com. Please send as a document or plain text in press release format. Please do not send only PDFs of posters or other announcements. You can send these for illustration, but we need text. We must receive your announcement at least one week before the event.
- This event has passed.
Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum hosts holiday events
November 14, 2019 @ 11:00 am EST
One event on December 14, 2019 at 12:00 pm
— The Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum, located at 59200 Museum Drive in Hatteras, has two events remaining on its 2019 schedule. The first, in November, invites current and prospective volunteers to meet with staff and other volunteers to learn about opportunities to support the museum's work.
- Volunteer Luncheon
Current and prospective volunteers are invited to come to the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum in Hatteras on Nov. 14 at 11 a.m. and gather for lunch and a talk. Reservations are required. For information or reservations, call 252-986-0723 or email email@example.com
The second will help those in Hatteras prepare for the holidays, with festive crafts, entertainment and refreshments offered throughout the day.
- Holidays on Hatteras 2019
Holidays on Hatteras is a day-long annual holiday event with children's crafts, live entertainment, and festive refreshments. It will be held Dec. 14 from noon to 5 p.m. Shoppers receive a discount in the museum shop with a donation for the food bank. The event, sponsored by Friends of the Graveyard of the Atlantic and Hatteras Village Civic Association, is free and open to the public. For more information, call 252-986-0720 or visit graveyardoftheatlantic.com.
About the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum
The Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum in Hatteras is named in honor of thousands of shipwrecks that sank off North Carolina's coast. The museum is dedicated to the preservation and presentation of the state's coastal culture and maritime history, which includes these shipwrecks, this repository of history. The vessels are the centerpiece of rich relationships to piracy, war, (Revolutionary, Civil and World Wars I and II), lifesaving, commerce and coastal living. It is filled with related artifacts, which include remnants of the earliest known shipwreck found in North Carolina waters, dating to 1650, objects from the USS Monitor, the Queen Anne's Revenge, and the USS Huron. For more information on the museum, visit www.graveyardoftheatlantic.com.
The North Carolina Maritime Museum system is comprised of the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum in Hatteras, the North Carolina Maritime Museum in Beaufort and the North Carolina Maritime Museum at Southport. All three museums are part of the Division of State History Museums in the N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources.
About the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
The N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources (NCDNCR) is the state agency with a vision to be the leader in using the state's natural and cultural resources to build the social, cultural, educational and economic future of North Carolina. NCDNCR's mission is to improve the quality of life in our state by creating opportunities to experience excellence in the arts, history, libraries and nature in North Carolina by stimulating learning, inspiring creativity, preserving the state's history, conserving the state's natural heritage, encouraging recreation and cultural tourism, and promoting economic development.
NCDNCR includes 27 historic sites, seven history museums, two art museums, two science museums, three aquariums and Jennette's Pier, 39 state parks and recreation areas, the N.C. Zoo, the nation's first state-supported Symphony Orchestra, the State Library, the State Archives, the N.C. Arts Council, State Preservation Office and the Office of State Archaeology, along with the Division of Land and Water Stewardship. For more information, call 919-807-7300 or visit www.ncdcr.gov.


text:
What is RM Cash
Hi. Sign in
Account / Orders
Sign in or create an account to get RM cash on orders and open more site features.
Glen in AZ
Seems like it will be easy to use; however, when I opened my pack the cap had come off and all the pieces in the kit were scattered in my bag and dirty. The cap would not stay on.Read All Reviews
Glen in AZ
I bought these thinking I would be using them more. I run tubliss on my dirt bikes and can only use them on the road bikes and quads. I have not used them yet.Read All Reviews
Ben in ND
This tool kept one of my group of riders out riding on a trip to the mountains. One of the members got a small gash on their tire and we would have had a tough time repairing it and making the most of our time riding. A few plugs from the Dynaplug and the tire was holding air again and still was many months later. I have since used the tool on other tires with the same results. This thing works very well for reasonably small punctures and gashes in tubeless tires.Read All Reviews


text:
Designed for workplace efficiency and productivity
Union Station Tower offers typical floor plates between 29,000 and 32,000 RSF. Floors are designed with efficiency in mind utilizing optimal planning dimensions for both office intensive and open plan configurations. Union Station Tower includes additional features such as floor to ceiling glass, column-free designs and higher bathroom fixture counts to accommodate tenant densities and flexibility.


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Designer products up to 80 percent off
HOUSTON The company claims you can find discounts up to 80 percent. But is it all hype, or worth the trip? This travelling Warehouse Sale makes its way across the country all year long with stops right here in Houston. ABC 13 spent the morning comparing prices to see if the deals are really that great. Here's what we found: Workers spent the morning unpacking, hanging and sorting through boxes and boxes of clothing, shoes and makeup. More than 20,000 pieces of designer denim, dresses, even sunglasses for both men and women make up one of the biggest sample sales in the country. "We handle all the excess merchandise, canceled orders, last season merchandise from all the brands," says Jimmy Tumggadjaja with The Warehouse sale. Tumggadjaja says his prices are lower than wholesale. For example, Ed Hardy embellished polo retails for $100 but we found it for $39.99. A BCBG formal dress retails for $360, but at the sale, it costs $70. Designer jeans like Rock & Republics cost $220, but there, they're $110. If you shop off price stores like Marshalls or Nordstrom Rack, you know you can find similar prices on designer labels. But Tumggadjaja says the Warehouse sale has a massive inventory with a lot of different styles. "We will get the first pick of the goods, so you get better selection here-- newer merchandise," he said. Plus, at the Warehouse sale, you can find a multitude of sizes with workers who will be constantly restocking the merchandise. It's the reason why some shoppers say it's worth the trip for the discount designer labels. "7 (for All Mankind) jeans, Wiliam Rast, Frankie B, they are all my favorites, so I love coming here," shopper Kattya Solis says. The Warehouse Sale also features high-end make up. For the Houston sale, it's Smash Box, a favorite celebrity line at prices up to 90 percent off. The bionic mascara normally retails for $19, but we paid $5. But the best deal of all was a gift set that includes three lip glosses and three eye shadows--$19! It's a great deal considering that one single lip gloss normally goes for $18. "I get Smash Box make up," says shopper D'anna Busby. "It's normally very expensive, but here you can get it for so cheap." If you are looking for a prom dress, the Warehouse Sale maybe an option for you; short dresses are $50 and gowns are priced at $70. The sale is going on through Saturday at the Westin Galleria. The sale begins at 11am and ends at 8pm. It's free and open to the public, but if you don't want to wait in line to get in, be sure to register online.
Show More


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Procters Vanish
Purchased privately as a second calfer in the Summer of 2009, she is by the prolific Heros. Vanish has real breed character with great width and her pedigree speaks for itself. She is bred from the Procters herd.
Vanish was flushed at the start of 2009 to Ampertaine Abracadabra producing 13 Grade A eggs. We still have some frozen eggs left from this flush that are for sale.
Her Sympa son last year sold for £3,800 and her promising attirant son has been sold privately this year for £4,500. Vanish has since been sold for further breeding but has left a last impression on the herd.


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AO.com offre une expérience de vente au détail hyper-personnalisée à ses clients grâce à Confluent
AO.com is one of the UK's largest online electrical retailers serving more than six million customers across the UK and Germany. In addition to its core retail operations, the company also has several other lines of business, including mobile, financial services, recycling, and multimedia.
AO.com differentiates itself by striving to have the happiest customers – a key founding principle and a major factor in its success. AO.com's Customer Personalisation team takes the company's customer engagements to the next level by delivering a unified, hyper-personalized experience based on a deep understanding of each individual customer.
Confluent Cloud and event streaming enable AO.com to treat each customer visit as a unique moment, combining real-time digital signals with historical information to give each customer what they want, when they want it.
Maximize customer satisfaction and revenue growth by creating a hyper-personalized online retail experience, turning each customer visit into a one-on-one marketing opportunity.
Use Confluent to combine historical customer data with real-time digital signals from customers, generating hyper-personalized content – for example, targeted special offers – which is inserted in real time back into the customer's session.
Confluent features used
• Schema Registry
• Lambda Connector
• Real-time hyper-personalization of the customer experience
• Increased customer conversions
• Accelerated innovation
• Confluent Cloud frees up developers' time


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Overcoming boundaries to exercise and activity
The Active8 programme is a new project starting in September 2019 that aims to improve physical and mental health of the people in the Forth Valley area through the use of sport and physical activity while maintaining a focus on fun.
The project aims to provide the public of Forth Valley with a chance to improve their quality of their life through an introduction of enjoyable sports and activities, in addition we will ensure that each participant has a support network of similar peers to encourage and motivate though a 12-week program.
The Active8 program was created through a desire to motive and inspire adults within the Forth Valley Area to become more active in their day to day life.
Exercise is one of the best ways to improve not only your physical health but also your mental state of mind. By enhancing your personal fitness levels, you can decrease the risks of health problems relating to depression, anxiety, heart problems, and cancer.
NHS Forth Valley reported that more than 6,000* adults in Forth Valley are overweight which this program aims to play a part in addressing. The most recent Scottish Government reports outline that 65% of the public in Scotland over the age of 16 were overweight and a further 29% were seen as obese*. Active8 is a project that aims to reduce these statistics in the Forth Valley area initially, targeting both men and women aged 16 and above and help play a part in addressing this while having fun.
How do I know my BMI – BMI Calculator
The BMI (Body Mass Index) is used by the medical profession to quickly and simply determine a person's weight in regard to their height. From a straight forward calculation, the BMI factor can be gained and gives a measure which can be used to determine if a person is underweight, of normal weight, overweight or obese
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person's weight, divided by their height, to determine whether an individual has the correct weight for their height. Taking your BMI score you are able to see where you sit regarding the BMI Category.
|BMI Score
(Body Mass Index)
|BMI Category
(Weight Scale)
|18.5 or less
|18.5 to less than 25
|Healthy Weight
|25 to less than 30
|30 to less than 40
|40 or more
|Morbidly Obese
To find out exactly where you fit into this please see the table below to get an accurate understanding of your current situation.
Is it for you?
- Have you lost touch with your sport or did you never find one in the first place?
- Do you want to improve your physical and mental health?
- Are you tired of being low on energy?
- Is day to day life becoming a chore?
- Are everyday chores becoming that bit more difficult leaving you breathless?
- Would you want to join a programme with people of shared experience around sport?
We believe that there is an activity for everyone out there. Whether it be dancing, football, hill walking, swimming or athletics. We want to give you the chance to try new activities and sports at an introductory level to find something that can give you that sense of enjoyment while knowing you are working towards creating a better and more active lifestyle for yourself while being supported by a group of like-minded people to help you improve your own quality of life. Additionally, participants in the project will be provided with a knowledge base that will help in relation to dietary and lifestyle choices going forward.
The project will consist of 4 groups as listed below, however clients may qualify for more than one group and will have the choice of which group they would like to participate.
We are now taking preregistration for our 12 week Active8 programme, which is being run in Glasgow and Stirling once the Covid Lockdown has been lifted. If you are interested in participating then simply fill in the information required below to guarantee a space and we will be in touch within one working week with more information and can answer any questions that you may have.
*limited space available
Project Funders:


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Free Unavailable APK Latest Download For PC Full Version
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text:
Staff Writer: McKenzie Keeton
Every year seniors in Cherokee county have to complete the senior project. Teachers believe that doing the senior project it will help students in their future career.
Most students dread the project, Matthew Rosenstein said, "It is a waste of time and will not help me in my future." Some students enjoy the senior project, but they are also the ones that are trying to learn more about their future career.
This year, Mrs. Majors is in charge of the senior project, she has made a ton of changes to the project. She first took out the MGRP. She even changed all the due dates for the assignment deadlines. She also changed where the research paper will be. All the students will be using the One Note on Office 365. It is a new and organized way for both you and your teacher to see the project. Everything about the senior project is on the One Note.
Students are very happy about this because it is less stress and work for them. If you go around the school and ask what seniors are doing for their project, you will hear crazy cool ideas. Allison Steele is doing her senior project on learn how to Scuba dive, she had a hard time finding a project facilitator but she did finally!
Yes, senior project is hard and time consuming, but it is also very helpful to see what you want to do in life.


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I don't know about you, but when I sit down and think about my friends my mind automatically categorizes them. There are old friends, new friends, high school friends, college friends, unconditional friends, in and out friends, part time friends, this list could go on and on. Then there are those friends you can totally, completely, unashamedly be yourself around. You know you are free to talk about anything - and I mean anything - with them and you will never be judged. You can share the best, worst, most embarassing, craziest things about yourself and they will always hear you out (and make fun of you forever). It is so comforting to know that I have those friends. For me, that's these gorgeous girls!
I had dinner with these girls tonight (and missed you two, Chelsea Goss & Shelli Allen!) and had just as much fun as we always do! Our conversations get more entertaining every time. They keep me on my toes and make me laugh until I almost pee my pants in the booth at El Campesino!
I definitely don't see them as much as I would like, but when I do I have the best time! Thanks for the best four hour dinner tonight! Sorry for being sappy, y'all. I just love you girls!


text:
K LUBE Creme, 150ml
In Stock
- 150ml tub.
- Rich oil-based personal lubricant.
- Smooth, creamy & long-lasting.
- Stays slick for the duration.
- Easy clean with soap & water.
- Parabens free.
- Not latex condom safe.
|K Lube
|Lube Size
|Lube Base
|Lube Speciality
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UK Delivery
2nd Class Parcel free over £25*
1st Class Parcel from £3.75
UK Courier from £10.00
Calculate shipping on the cart view page after adding items.
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Worldwide Courier from £20.00
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Discreet PackagingYour order will be shipped in plain discreet padded envelopes or boxes using the required amount of padding and protection.
Returns/ExchangesOrdered something and changed your mind? Most of our items can be returned or exchanged.
Discreet PackagingYour order will be shipped in plain discreet padded envelopes or boxes using the required amount of padding and protection.
*2 - 4 day standard services. Excludes furniture.
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This Scandinavian-themed cross stitch pattern features the Julbock, or Christmas Goat, a traditional yuletide symbol. Designed by UK-based Modern Folk Embroidery, the pattern comes with a complete alphabet and numbers so you can personalize your Julbock with your initials and date.
Thread color is not specified in the pattern, so you are free to choose whatever you would like! Stitch the whole design in a single color for a monochrome look, or change things up with a palette of your favorite hues. You will need approximately 1-2 skeins of floss for the entire piece.
Pattern details:
- Stitching area: 95 stitches wide x 127 stitches high
- Finished size: 6.8" x 9.1" on 14 count Aida or 28-count linen
- Types of stitches: Cross stitch
This pattern is available as a printed pattern only.


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Iron defender David Mirfin says he and his team-mates know the importance of Sunday's encounter with Sheffield United.However, he revealed the preparation leading up the game has been no different to usual.
Mirfin spoke of how manager Graham Alexander felt it was crucial to not overstate the significance of the clash, and continue to do the things which have seen United put together a run of five successive league victories.
He told The Iron PlayerHD: "The lads have been full of confidence from the last few weeks, and the gaffer's made sure it's no more than it should be this week, and kept it as a normal week.
"Obviously with the game we had on Saturday, with over 7,000 fans and the need for more tickets ahead of Sunday, we know it's going to be a big game."
United currently sit level on points with Barnsley, who occupy the final play-off spot. However, the 31-year-old reinforced the need to not deviate from the attitude which has served the squad so well of late.
"Getting asked four or five weeks ago whether or not we had aims for the play-offs, we said we were just taking one game at a time, and that's been the same this week," he said.
"The sole focus has been on Sheffield United on Sunday, and that's how it's going to be, right up until kick-off. The gaffer touched on it that there was an element of pride going into each game, and we didn't want the season to peter out.
"Which has been the case, and regardless of what happens on Sunday, I think we've got a momentum and confidence going into next season."
Despite the Blades being out of the play-off picture, the defender says no one is taking anything for granted, and highlighted any game in the division brings it's own test.
He also said the hosts will want to end the campaign strongly, in front of a packed home support.
"I think probably from a personal point of view, the toughest game in this run has been Crewe away and that was the game after they got relegated," he stated.
"So it comes down to pride, players playing for contracts whether that's at Sheffield United or elsewhere and also a manager who we know isn't going to want his team to turn up and get rolled over by us.
"We know it'll be a tough game, in front of a crowd of probably around 20,000, and they're not going to want to let those supporters down."
See much more from David Mirfin, Graham Alexander and Stephen Dawson on The Iron PlayerHD.
Tweets by @SUFCOfficial


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It has been well documented that sexual desire, orgasmic response, and sexual activity frequency decreases with age. But clearly, the changes that occur in midlife women are poorly understood. Libido is a complex symptom. It can be a factor of reduced hormone levels (testosterone, DHEA, oestrogen) or it may be impacted by psychological factors. From a psychological perspective, often what is missing in a relationship is a closeness brought about by poor communication or disagreements, causing disharmony.
The most commonly reported symptoms associated with low libido include vaginal dryness, itching, burning, inadequate lubrication during sexual activity and dyspareunia. In clinical practice almost 50% of women in menopause experience a lack of libido associated with vaginal symptoms. The dryness and atrophy can increase the likelihood of trauma during sexual activity. This in turn can reduce a women's subjective sexual response or desire to have intercourse.
Decreased oestrogen can result in an increased vaginal pH. The lack of oestrogen reduces the release of glycogen in the vagina. As a result, vaginal flora produces less lactic acid. The pH of the vagina increases thus increasing colonization by bacteria that cause inflammation and infection. This can undermine a woman's defence against vaginal and urinary tract infections. Vaginal atrophy symptoms can affect sexual function and quality of life.
Female sexual physiology can be complex, but if it is a factor of a hormonal deficiency, supplementation of this deficiency may be sufficient to improve libido. The most effective hormones that will improve libido are oestrogen and testosterone. Oestrogen taken systemically can have a positive effect on brain function and mood factors that affect the sexual response. When used vaginally, it can increase blood flow to the vagina and increase lubrication. This can help improve desire by alleviating vaginal dryness and painful penetration.
Testosterone also plays a vital role in female sexual function. It can help improve libido by reducing fatigue and improving moods. This can be applied either as an injection periodically or as a cream to the skin, or more effectively, directly to the clitoris. When used locally, it increases sexual stimulation.
Libido is a complex symptom. It is important to recognise that there is no magic love potion that will fix all. The urogenital system is quite sensitive to oestrogen deficiency, especially because of the presence of oestrogen receptors in the vagina, vulva, urethra and bladder. The reduced oestrogen in a menopausal woman can result in significant cellular and structural changes in the vagina that can promote sexual and urinary symptoms. This can be quite traumatic for a woman, affecting her quality of life. Vaginal symptoms are often progressive and do not resolve without treatment.


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If you have the luck to go to a beach this Summer that is rich in algae don't forget to bring some with you.
Here is not unsual to find a lot of algae on the sand. Just beware that the ones you find are not toxic, which I know ours aren't. Actually, the local fisherman usually sell them to the terapeutical and pharmaceutical industry.
I'm drying my own outside right now. Since they are a little smelly (mermaids suffer with their beauty routines too I suppose) I will then put them in a glass jar.
In the Winter I will surely pour some of them in a hot bath and enjoy the properties of these sea treasures!
When I went inside I heard some strange noises on the pateo. I thought sounds like someone is eating, but I'm alone! The doggie had just stolen a slice of pizza.
I would usually take the pizza right away, but he looked so cute with that triangle of pizza that I just had to go grab my camera, but when I returned the triangle had almost disapeared. So I thought, well, at least one time a year...let him eat pizza!
Our doggie lived on the streets for many years before becoming part of our family. I suspect a slice of pizza brings him a lot of memories of his wild times!
Bye, have a nice Friday!


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All OUH Trust staff members have access to BMJ Best Practice – our OUH Resource of the Month for December.
BMJ Best Practice is a clinical decision support tool, uniquely structured around the patient consultation, with advice on symptom evaluation, tests to order and treatment approach.
• Search thousands of clinical topics and over 6,000 clinical guidelines
• Find answers fast using our layout that mirrors the patient consultation
• Access anywhere, with online and offline access via the BMJ Best Practice app
• Get step-by-step guidance via our unique treatment algorithm tables
• Check prescription guidance using linked drug databases and over 250 medical calculators
• Stay current with Important Updates highlighted within each topic
• Ensure your ongoing professional development, with automatic CME/CPD tracking
Access from the OUH Intranet homepage or sign in with your OpenAthens account…
Steps to log in via OpenAthens
Visit bestpractice.bmj.com and click 'Log in'.
You will be presented with an 'Access through your institution' button.
When selected, you will be asked to search for your institution. Please type and select 'NHS in England' and then log in using your OpenAthens username and password.
Now create your personal account. This will allow you to sign in directly using these details. Your personal account also allows you to log in to the app and to track your CPD/CME activity and download certificates.
NHS OpenAthens (previously called Athens) is the single username and password for nearly all the online library resources purchased for NHS staff. To register and for more information see our online guide at www.tinyurl.com/ouhathens


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Tea and talk what could be better really.
Yesterday was a talking day. Some days you seem to talk more than others. Mine started with Lis in the coffee shop. With Idgy and her kids chattering amongst themselves we put the world to rights and caught up with our own week of adventures.
Excited talk of good news and moves forward, steps taken and light ahead. Funny talk of "'did he really, how, when and what the heck". Past times talk, a nod to yesterdays and the route that brought us here. Planning talk of "'Yes we can" and "now's the time". Happy talk of just smiling and saying what's there in our hearts.
Last night I had a herb talk to do at Dalry WRI. While planning and packing it was just a job, something I do. The journey there was a nightmare of darkness, wispy fog and horrible potholes, tempers (mine) frayed. Copilot (Idgy) stayed safely plugged in to her DS game and thus avoided her mother's less than charming driving talk.
But when we got there, when the horrible journey was over and we stepped into the crowded hall full of happy and expectant faces, all the hassle and stress just disappeared. I smiled with real pleasure, real joy. I looked at the people and thought yes, this is what I love to do - talk.
I did my usual chat about herbs and how easy they are to grow and use. How they add flavour, fragrance and fun to our lives. I ran headlong into my herbal world and came back with armfuls of enthusiasm and fistfuls of info. Nobody nodded off, that in itself has to classify the event as a success in my book.
There's laughter at my jokes and there are questions and answers at the end of the talk.
There's tea and cake and sharing of views. Hearing of plantings, hopes, seeds, competitions, rivalry and clubs. Talk of books and television, people and places.
Talk, talk, a day of talk. Calm talk in the car going home. Talking and laughing in front of the fire at the close of the day.
It's good to talk.
Karon x
PS a good tea for talk - Earl Grey Blue Flower, simply divine darling, simply divine!


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Watch CTV Morning Show Edmonton – Top tips for the best vacation! My picks for vacations: Flair Airlines – warm, friendly flight attendants and helpful staff in the airports. Best deals on flights! Bighorn Meadows Resorts – being in nature… Continue Reading →
Three Easy Steps To Happiness And Health Everyday! SLEEP WELL: To get a great sleep, I take the phone out of the bedroom at least 30 minutes before I go to sleep. Make the bedroom extra cool and listen to… Continue Reading →
© 2020 Sacha Devoretz


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If you are looking for a private investigator in Mason, Texas we can help. Whether it's a cheating spouse or a disappearing family member, the help of a professional could make all the difference. We will help you uncover the truth you have been looking for. Our services are available to Boerne and its surrounding areas.
A private investigator is a person that can be hired to do undercover work. They use extensive knowledge, advanced investigative techniques, and their surrounding resources to therefore uncover the truth surrounding a certain subject. They work with attorneys to investigate both criminal and civil cases. Above all, private investigators must have a good eye, excellent observation skills, and an analytical mind. Private investigators are licensed to practice in the state in which they work, and may either work full time as employees or be hired to work with private detective firms, police departments, private businesses and organizations, as well as individual clients. Employers can protect themselves by hiring private investigators to do background checks on all potential employees. Certainly, this can prevent companies from hiring people with criminal records.
If you believe that someone is hiding the truth from you, hiring a private investigator would be a good idea. Companies and businesses are more likely to hire a private investigator.
If you are looking for to hire a private investigator in the Mason, Texas area, call us at 210-888-9175. Also, head over to our "FAQ's" (Frequently Asked Questions) and our "Services" tab for more information. If you would like to book an appointment click on the "Book Appointment" tab or the "Contact" tab.


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- Bulgar Cigany Horo
- In Memory of Balogh Elemér
- Bonchidai Ritka Magyar
- Magyar Verbunk
- Vajdaszentivanyi Forgatos
- Kalotaszegi Cigany Csardasok
- Mezösegi Ciganytanc Es Lassu Csardas
- Cintec de Dragoste & Hora de La Bolintin
- Sirba, Tropca & Hora Drom Dobrogea
- Doina, Hora & Batuta from Moldavia
- Roman Cigany Hallgato
- Romanian Suite
- Bulgarian Gipsy Hora
14.24 In Stock
From cimbalom player (and former Muszikás member) Kálmán Balogh, this aptly named album shows off an instrument popular in Hungarian Gypsy music but little heard otherwise. Balogh takes on Hungarian, Romanian, and Moldavian Gypsy music (both modern and traditional); sad ballads; and uptempo dances. The range is remarkable, matched only by the stunning speed of Balogh's mallets on his dulcimer. For listeners coming to Balogh by way of his work with larger ensembles, the excitement may be somewhat muted, with less accompaniment and fewer full band numbers heard here. The cimbalom certainly doesn't have a sparse sound, but may seem sparse in relation to the well-known Eastern European Gypsy ensembles. The album opens with a slightly Turkish-sounding number before moving into a trio of more traditional stylings. A short Gypsy jazz interlude provides inflections of American swing, and a short bit of solfège in combination with Balogh's cimbalom hints at the musical connections with India's santoor. After a piece originally written for violin, the music takes a turn into Romanian pieces for the rest of the main album's course. Tacked onto the end, however, are two items from Kálmán Balogh "and friends," larger ensemble pieces that make use of the full ARC Records stable -- Hossam Ramzy on percussion, Pablo Carcamo on bass, and Enrique Ugarte on accordion, among others. The sound is less coherent but more groove-centric, and reignites what had become a slower spell of the album. Give the ensembles (Muszikás, Taraf de Haïdouks, etc.) a shot first, but then come back to Balogh as an excellent example of a solo player.
Product Details
|Release Date:
|Arc Music
Album Credits
Performance CreditsKálmán Balogh Primary Artist,Cimbalom
Pablo Cárcamo Bass,Flute,Guest Appearance
Flavio Cucchi Guitar,Guest Appearance
Enrique Ugarte Accordion,Guest Appearance
Margie Butler Flute,Guest Appearance
Hossam Ramzy Percussion,Tabla,Egyptian Percussion,Guest Appearance
Florie Brown Violin,Guest Appearance
Paul Espinoza Guitar,Accordion,Guest Appearance
Sándor Barbócz Violin,Soloist,Group Member
Albert Mohácsy Double Bass,Guest Appearance
István Berán Clarinet,Flute,Guest Appearance
Sandor Barbocz Violin,Guest Appearance
Albert Mohacsy Double Bass,Guest Appearance
Zsolt Nagy Viola,Guest Appearance
Beata Salamon Violin,Guest Appearance
Technical CreditsKálmán Balogh Arranger
Pablo Cárcamo Producer,Engineer,Audio Production
Traditional Composer
Alex Stokes Cover Design


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Quinoa Salad with Veggies, Sun Dried Tomatoes & Artichokes
I don't know about you but I always make way too much quinoa and end up with tons of leftovers. This salad is the perfect way to use it all up. It has all the right elements. It's colorful, crunchy and filling. More importantly you can customize it any way you like by adding in any vegetables or leftovers you want. Best of all it can be ready in just minutes.
Cook Time: 20 Minutes
Makes: 3-4 Servings
All you need is:
About 4 cups of cooked quinoa *If you don't have any leftover quinoa simply prepare 2 cups of dry quinoa by bringing 5 cups of water to a boil and stir in the quinoa. Reduce the heat to medium low and cover with a lid for 15 minutes. Once it is done the quinoa will separate from the hulls and become translucent. Then simply place the quinoa into a fine strainer and rinse under cold water and drain it before using.
1 large summer squash diced
1 large zuchinni diced
1 cup of sun dried tomatoes diced (you can use the ones in or out of oil)
1 12-14 oz. jar of artichoke hearts (reserve about 1/4 a cup of the liquid)
2-3 tbs of fresh dill chopped (use more or less depending on your preference)
2-3 tbsl of fresh parsley chopped (use more or less depending on your preference)
2 green onions chopped
1 lemon
3-4 tsp of nutritional yeast *I love adding nutritional yeast it really mellows out the acidicy of the dish
3-4 tbs of extra virgin olive oil for drizzling
sea salt (I use pink himalayan salt) and pepper to taste
First add the cooked quinoa into a large bowl.
Next add in the remaining vegetables and herbs.
Squeeze your desired amount of lemon juice, artichoke liquid and drizzle on the olive oil and mix well.
Add in the nutritional yeast, salt and pepper to taste.
Look at how beautiful this spread is......
Leftover quinoa.......
The final product...........


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Sapience Communications was proud last night to support the Miles Frost Fund with joint MR Richard Morgan Evans attending a special performance of The School of Rock in London's West End to raise funds for the charity.
The Fund's aim is to raise money to help find proper treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which took Sir David Frost's son Miles tragically so young and without warning.
Miles had been a client of Sapience Communications through his very successful private equity house Frost Brooks and he was a good friend of the company.
Last night's event was a great success with the cast playing to a packed house and a significant sum raised for the charity.


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Part Number: 19028
eFireplaceStore Item Number: FSD-19028
You can keep your hearth, you home and your fireplace clean and maintained with this attractive five piece tool set. This fireplace tool set features a forged crest theme that will improve the looks of any set up. It is finished in flat black and will go with much of your fireplace components and accessories. The Black Five Piece Forged Cast Fireplace Tool set includes a brush, a shovel, a set of tongs and a stand. The set weighs about ten lbs.


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I-502 Farm / Industrial Development Site (Status: Available)
000, Undisclosed, Longview, WA 98632
I502 Marijuana Farm/ Industrial Development Real Property for sale.
Currently fully operating with one Licensed tier two grower processor also available for sale. A 8.93 ac lot, zoning M2 Heavy Industrial, Office, Warehouse and Greenhouse can be divided in 3 lots, 10,000 sf Greenhouse fully automated light dep currently on use with rolling benches, all systems computer controlled by a state of the art weather station. 5000 Sf Warehouse with fully automated grow rooms, processing and curing rooms. Fully fenched and Secured with cameras and alarms. All equipment is included in the sale. TURN KEY
Listing Details
Asset Class: Industrial,Land
Year Built: 2017
Building Total Square Feet: 15000
Available Lease Space Square Feet:
Number of Floors: 1
Total Parking Spaces: 30
Local Zoning Information: M2 Heavy Industrial
Listing Courtesy of: Lucas Real Estate
Disclaimer: The information contained in this listing has not been verified by North Sound Commercial, a division of Pacific Continental Realty, LLC and should be verified by the buyer, seller, or tenant.
What's Nearby?
Google Places API is currently unavailable.
You must specify a valid listing location, use street address in the listing title along with city, state & zip/postcode — if not use the optional latitude & longitude field.
- Unfortunately, your request was denied, generally because of lack of an invalid key parameter.


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My name is Melynn Jackson and I'll be teaching Secondary Math 1 and Math 7 this school year. I was raised on a cattle farm in Benjamin and now I live in Santaquin with my husband and our daughter. My daughter (Nora) is 5 months old and probably the most smiley, easy going baby I've known. I absolutely adore her and could talk about her all day if I could.
When I have free time I like to run. In fact, I ran cross country for SFJHS years ago. I also like to travel, go camping, ride horses, play games, and spend time with family. My go to book is Harry Potter. If I can't find something to read I always happily pull up a Harry Potter book. I've read the series a number of times.
I am excited to be back at Spanish Fork Jr. High as a teacher. My love for the subject was influenced by a teacher that I had in high school and I hope to be that kind of influence on my students.


text: Ask Noel Posted on Apr 16, 2015 by Dr Farrior PATIENT QUESTION: I have several special events coming up next month and I want to look absolutely radiant! Which peel would you recommend so that I can put my freshest face forward? NOEL: The best peel to look radiant for an upcoming event would be the VI Peel. It will renew your skin with little […] … MORE


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Personalised Floral Tote Bag
These are great for any occasion and can have any name printed on them.
Each soft tote bag measure 41cm tall x 37cm wide excluding handles,
These are a great environmentally friendly way to carry your shopping or can be used for day to day use.
– Other designs are also available –


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Resources to Stop Bullying
This site is managed by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services with links for parents, educators, community members, teens and kids about how to recognize, prevent, and respond to bullying.
Mathematics Resources
A Math Dictionary for Kids
A Math Dictionary for Kids is an animated, interactive online math dictionary for students. The definitions of over 600 common mathematical terms and math words are described using illustrations and in some cases animation.
Mathematics, the Common Core, and Language
Judit Moschkovich makes recommendations for developing mathematics instruction for English Language Learners (ELLs)
aligned with the Common Core State Standards in a short video and in a downloadable paper. The recommendations can
assist teachers to support mathematical reasoning for their students.
Owl Resources
Fun Facts about Burrowing Owls
1. Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) are so named because they live underground in burrows. They spend little time in trees.
2. Sometimes it digs its own burrow, but can use burrows dug by others such as; prairie dogs, skunks, armadillos, or tortoises.
3. They are one of the smallest owls in North America, about 9 inches long and weigh about 6 ounces.
4. They have no ear tufts, long legs, a short tail, and spots on their back.
5. Owls have large ear holes beneath their feathers. The shape of an owl's face helps direct sound to their earholes.
6. Two earholes have slightly different shapes and locations on the owl's head so they can locate sound better.
7. Burrowing owls are good at traveling by foot.
8. The owls are born blind but develop excellent eyesight that allows them to hunt at night.
9. Large eyes help them see because both eyes face forward. They can see behind them because their heads can turn around.
10.Burrowing owls are active during the day. They catch more insects dur-ing the day and more mammals at night.
11.Mother and father owls take turns sitting on the eggs to keep them warm. The other hunts for food to bring back to the nest to share.
12.When alarmed, young birds will make a hissing call that sounds like a rattlesnake.
13.They are sometimes hunted by horned owls, hawks, foxes, badgers and even domstic pets.