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Germanic Tribes in the Eastern Europe at the Bronze Age
There was the book "The early Germans and their neighbors: Linguistics, Archaeology, Genetics" (KUZ'MENKO Yu.K. 2011) in Russia, in where the author considers seven hypotheses about the appearance on the historical scene of the Germanic people. The possibility of their ancestral home in Eastern Europe is not taken into account, despite the fact that it has already been considered for 20 years before (STETSYUK VALENTYN. 1998.) While academic science continues to mill the wind, we return to this issue again.
The Urheimat (ancestral home) of the Germanic peoples on the whole Indo-European space, which was determined using the graphic-analytical method, was located in the area between the Neman, Narev, Yaselda Rivers, and its eastern boundary was the Sluch River, the left trybutary (lt) of the Pripyat River (see Fig. 1)
Fig. 1. The habitats of the ancient Indo-Europeans
After First Great Migration when most of Indo-European tribes began migration to new habitats, the Ancient Germanic people still remained near their Urheimat though considerably expanded their settlement territory. This has resulted the dialectal splitting their paternal language.
It is generally accepted that the pre-Germanic language was first divided into three branches: eastern, northern and western [MEIER-BRÜGGER MICHAEL, 2003: 36]. More than a dozen known Germanic languages as a continuation of these original branches are usually divided as follows: the northern group consisting of the Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese languages, English, German, Dutch, and Frisian belong to the Western group, and Gothic, the languages spoken by the Burgundians, Vandals, Gepids, and Ruguans are considered as the Eastern languages. However, in accordance with the five Germanic ethnic groups, to which, from the last century, the Vandili, Ingaevones, Istvaeones, Hermiones, Bastarnae were classified, the Germanic languages can be divided into five groups [ZHLUKTENKO Y.O., YAVORSKA T.A., 1974: 9]. It was later suggested a slightly different division of the Germanic tribess. According to Friedrich Maurer (1898-1984) and other linguists, the Germanic people were initially separated into five tribal groups: the Norsemen (ancestries of the modern Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders); the Eastern Germanic peoples (Goths, Vandals, etc); the Elbe Germanic tribes (forebears of the modern Germans, i.e. Semnons, Suebs, Quads, Markomans, Hermundurs, Longobards etc); the Rhine-Weser Germanic peoples (ancestors of modern Dutch and Flemish people); the North Sea Germanic peoples (the Anglo-Saxons and Frisians) [SCHMIDT WILHELM. 1976: 45]. It is supposed that common language for all Germanic people existed till the 3rd cent. AD and it was split after the migration of Germanic tribes into the Central and North Europe [Ibid: 44]. But the analysis of Germanic languages by the graphic-analytical method brings us to different conclusions.
Initially, such modern Germanic languages were used for analysis: German, English, Dutch, Swedish, as well as the dead Gothic. Later, the Swedish language material was supplemented with vocabulary of other North Germanic languages, and Frisian was also involved in the study. Based on the analysis of the etymological dictionaries of the German, Old English, Gothic, and Dutch languages [А. KLUGE FRIEDRICH, SEEBOLD ELMAR, 1989; VEEN P.A.F. van, SIJS NICOLINE van der, 1989; HOLTHAUSEN F., 1934; HOLTHAUSEN F. 1974] and bilingual dictionaries of other Germanic, mainly North Germanic languages the Table-dictionary of the Germanic languages was compilled and then used for calculatuin. This Table-dictionsry is among others filed on Etymological Table Database). The list of Germanic phono-semantic sets consisted of 2628 units. 1424 of them were admitted to be common Germanic words and a rest was systematized according to matches. Then the number of mutual words in the individual language pairs was calculated and the result is presented in the table.
Table. Number of mutual words in pairs of Germanic languages
Using these data, the model of relation of the Germanic languages was built quite easily (see Fig. 2)
Fig. 2. Graphic model of Germanic languages relationships.
After repeated additions to the Table-dictionary of the Germanic languages, the scheme of kinship was not changed. The location of the English, German, Dutch and Norse language was always the same but reliable placement of the Gothic language on it was not succeeded because of insufficient data. Introducing Frisian to the scheme didn't significantly help to resolve the situation.
Since we have only four reliable nodes of graph, it is very difficult to find a proper location for the model on the map – a variety of locations are possible as the total number of languages is relatively few. A found position will be more veritable if it will be confirmed by other facts. Let us admit such location of the model that the area of Anglo-Saxons lies upon the Urheimat of Italics between the Teterev, Pripyat' and Sluch (rt of the Pripyat') Rivers. In this case, the area of the ancestries of modern-day Germans (let us name them for convenience Teutons) can be located on the ethno-producing area between the Sluch, West Bug and Pripyat' Rivers. The ethno-producing area on the both sides of the West Bug is suitable to the ancestors of the Dutch people (let us name them for convenience Franks). Accordingly, Norsemen had to take the ethno-producing area between the Pripyat, Dnieper, and Berezina Rivers where the Greek language was formed earlier [STETSYUK VALENTYN. 1998: 45]
This assumption is confirmed by moving of Greek substrate in the language of the Norsemen, from which it penetrated also in the Ukrainian language as the ancestors of Ukrainians occupied the same area later [STETSYUK VALENTYN. 2000: 9].
Undoubtedly, a substrate word of this area is *krene "a well, source" (Ukr. krynytsia, kernytsia and Br. krynitsa), though most experts deny their connection with Gr. κρηνη (Aeolis κράννα) "the same" [VASMER MAX. 1967: 377]. However H. Frisk and F. Holthausen connected this word as Gr κρουνός "source, flow, stream, spray" with Old Norse hrønn "wave", OE hræn "wave, flow, sea" [FRISK H. 1970., HOLTHAUSEN F. 1974:146]. Clearly, the Norsemen and Anglo-Saxons have adopted this word from the remnants of the Greek population, and from them the word in a narrower sense has been got by the ancestors of the Ukrainians, who have added the Slavic deminutive suffix –itsya to it, and then the Russians, Poles, and Belarusians borrowed the word from the Ukrainians.
Other examples of possible Greek-Norse substrate
Gr. βλεμμα "look, eyes" – Old Norse blim-skakka "to squint" (Old Norse. skakka "curvature") – Ukr. blymaty "to shimmer, glimmer".
New Gr. γλεπω "I watch" – Dan. glippe, Sw. glippa "to blink, watch" – Ukr. hlypaty "to see, look.
Gr. κωβιοσ "gudgeon" (Gobio gobio) – Old Norse. kobbi "young seal", Sw. kobbe "seal, sea-dog") – Ukr. kovbyk "gudgeo", Bel. kovbel "the same". Similar words are present in the Baltic and Russian languages (А. LAUČIŪTĖ Yu.A., 1982, 143), but phonetically they are standing on. Perhaps it is an errant word.
Gr. σκαπερδα "a game of boys while Dionysius" – Icl skoppa "ricoshet" and jörðin "earth") – Ukr skopyrdyn "some game, during it a stock is thrown to be struck on the earth with both ends in turn".
Gr. σμῶδιξ "a stripe" – Icl. smuga "small valley" – Ukr. smuha "a stripe".
Gr. χαρισ "beauty" – Old Norse hannr "skilful" – Ukr. beautyful.
Taking the above mentioned placement of the Germanic languages, we see that for the Gothic and Frisian there was only one free area between the upper Pripyat and the Neman, from the Yaselda to the Sluch River. Locating here the Urheimat of the Goths, Vandals, and Burgundians is in discrepancy to insufficient number of common words between the Dutch and the Gothic language. This makes us believe that these old Germanic tribes could nor be the neighbors of the ancestors of the Franks. Between their areas had to be located a tribe of another language. Maybe it was the ancestors of the Frisians. The number of common words between the Frisian and other Germanic languages do not contradict this hypothesis. In this situation, the problem might be solved so that the Franks occupied territory not on both sides of the Western Bug, but only of its left bank and the right bank should have been settled by the Frisians. Localization of the ancestral home of the Goths on the territory of Belarus is confirmed by the Lithuanian name of Belarusians Gudai, that is Goths (VASMER M. 1964: 400). Then common Germanic territory could be presented as on the Map 8.
Map 8. Germanic languages in II mill BC.
However, there is a possibility that the mutual relations of the Dutch and Gothic languages have not been studied sufficiently. Founded separate lexical matches may indicate a closer relationship between them as it was previously thought. For example, let us consider, such phonetic correspondence: obsolete Dt. eiber "stork" – Goth. aibr "victim". Storks are considered by many folks as sacred birds, symbolizing abundance, fertility, longevity. According to the Armenian mythology storks are in their own country people, farmers which before flying back sacrifice one of their chicks (ARUTIUNIAN S.B., 1991, 105). Many European nations had belief allegedly storks, throwing out of the nest of one of its chicks, bring it to the victim. The ancient Germans believed that storks one of the pack as a victim before leaving. That is, semantic correspondence between the words victim and stork is possible. There is a good phonetic matching in names of alder in the Gothic and Dutch languages: Got. *alisa, Dt. els (Ger. Erle).
There is historical evidence of the presence of the Germans on the territory of the Ukraine, referring to the time when they went away from here, but their name was transferred to the Slavs settled on the old Germanic Lands. In 970 the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces (969 -976) reported the Kiev prince Svyatoslav (964 – 972) through the Ambassadors message, which consisted of the following words:
I believe that you have not forgotten about the defeat of your father Ingor, who despising an oath sailed to our capital with a huge army of 10 thousand ships, but returned to the Cimmerian Bosporus with barely a dozen boats, being himself a messenger of his misfortune. I do not mention nothing about his [further] miserable fate during a campaign against the Germans, when he was captured by them, tied to tree trunks, and torn in two. (LEO the DEACON, 1988, VI, 10).
It is clear that we are talking about Prince Igor, martyred by chieftains of the tribe Drevlians inhabiting the Anglo-Saxon area at that time.The Anglo-Saxons remained on the Ukrainian territory until the "Great Migration." In this regard, the origin of the ethnonym "Drevlians "can be output from the name of a known Germanic tribe Turvin [YAYLENKO V.P. 1990: 116}. The Drevlian tribe didn't belong to the ancient Rus' state during long time. They were included into it at least in the 10 century, as it was repeatedly stressed by A.N. Nasonov [NASONOV A.N. 1951: 29, 41, 55-56). The fact that the Vikings could not include the Drevlyans adjacent to the Polans into the "Russian land" can indicate that these were the remains of their relatives Anglo-Saxons, mixed with the alien Slavic population. The chronicle notes that the custom of the Polans was "meek and quiet", whereas Drevlians "lived bestial way", ie they were more belligerent or unruly.
Location of areas of the formation of the Germanic languages is confirmed by place names left by Germanic tribes (more on this in sections Ancient Teutonic, Gothic, and Frankish Place Names in Eastern Europe., Ancient Anglo-Saxon Place Names in Eastern and Central Europe, Norse and Gothic Place Names in Belorus, Baltic States, and Russia) in those habitats that have been identified as the Urheimat of the Teutons (as we call the ancestors of the Germans), Netherlanders (conditionally Franks) and the Frisians, the Anglo-Saxons, Goths and Scandinavians. Moreover, sometimes place names even mark the migration ways of Germanic peoples to their places modern settlement. This is especially clearly seen for the Norsemen and Anglo-Saxons. The map below shows the place names in the areas of formation of the the Germanic languages and in their vicinity. Maps of Norse and Anglo-Saxon place names submitted separately in the appropriate sections.
Germanic place names in Eastern Europe
On the map, settlements are indicated by asterisks.
Teutonic place names and the Urheimat of the Teutons are tinted by red color.
Frankish place names and the Urheimat of Franks and Frisians are blue.
Gothic place names and the Urheimat of the Goths are tinted by green.
Norse place names and the Urheimat of the Norsemen are brown.
Anglo-Saxon place names are orange. The Urheimat of the Anglo-Saxins are tinted by yellow.
Hydronyms are indicated by blue circles and lines.
And now let us try to confirm the accuracy of such location of the eareas of the formation of thr Germanic languages also by their correspondences with distinct Iranic languages, which areas we already know (see the section Iranic Tribes in the Eastern Europe at the Bronze Age ).
Germanic and Iranic habitats.
Legend: Afg – Afghani, Gil – Gilanian, Pamir – Pers – Persian, Yagn – Yaghnobi, Yazg – Yazgulami.
A representive sample of 334 German-Iranic isoglosses was drawn up on the basis of comparative analysis the Table-dictionaries of Germanic and Iranic languages. In fact, they are more numerous and the data submitted below only reflect their proportion according the individual languages. Held count from the sample showed that German language has 160 matches at least with one of the Iranic languages, English has 204 matches, Swedish has 204 ones. Ossetic has 157 Germanic matches most of all among the Iranic languages, it is followed by Kurdish – 107 matches, Pashto – 97, Persian – 79, Yaghnobi – 63, Talishi – 61 ones. Data on the number of mutual correspondences between individual Iranic and Germanic languages are shown in Table 11.
Table 11: Number of mutual lexical correspondences between the individual Germanic and Iranic languages
From the data in the table, one may see that the closest language contacts were between the ancestors of the Ossetians and the Norsemen and Anglo-Saxons. Connection of the Ossetian language with Germanic and especially with Old North Germanic (Norse), expressed in quantitative terms, gives the Ossetian linguist:
According to our calculations, a significant number of words are found in Ossetian which reflect the genetic relationship with the Germanic languages: Ossetian – Gothic isoglosses about 180, Ossetian – Norse – over 130, Ossetian – Norwegian – about 70, Ossetian – Swedish – over 60, Ossetian – Anglo-Saxon – not less than 120, Ossetian – English and Ossetian – Old High German – on 160… The greatest number of convergences is noted between Ossetian and German languages – about 400 (KAMBOLOV T.T. 2006: 24)
There are two notes to the calculations. First of all, it should be said that they do not reflect the "genetic relationship" of the Ossetian language with Germanic, but the language contacts caused by the proximity of the Ossetian ancestors to different Germanic people at different times. Otherwise, the origin of the Ossetian language may seem more complicated than it really is, if the chronology of lexical convergence is not taken into account. Secondly, the calculation technique is unclear. The author gives the number of words for the Norse languages, and then for the Norwegian and Swedish languages separately. It becomes unclear whether the number of words of these two languages is an addition to the number of Norse words or they are their part. It seems that the author understand the genesis of the Norse languages completely in a special way, like an intricate idea of the genesis of the Ossetian language. The same can be said about the Anglo-Saxon and "German" languages. In this regard, it is almost impossible using Kambolov's data to accurately localize the ancestral homeland of Ossetians, although in general they can confirm the neighborhood of the areas of Germanic languages with the Ossetian area in the case when its localization is known.
The areas of the Norse and Ossetians languages bordered on each other, but the Ossetians closely contacted with the Anglo-Saxons and Goths in later times (this is discussed in sections "Anglo-Saxons in East Europe" and The Ethnic Composition of the Population of Great Scythia According Toponymy. ). Also close neighbors of Ossetinas were Balts, who took Tocharish area between the Dnieper and Berezina Rivers. Examining the Ossetic-Baltic and Ossetic-Germic linguistic contacts, V. Abaev came to the conclusion that the ancestors of Ossetians borrowed agrarian culture from the West, because excepting the names of millet jäw, the Ossetian language has no word of agricultural terminology of Iranic origin. Among many other Ossetian loan-words from the Germanic and Baltic languages, V. Abaev gave a series of agricultural terms: Osset. xsyrf "a sickle" has matches in Baltic, Germanic; Osset. fsīr "an ear" – in Germanic; Osset. fsondz "yoke" – in Baltic, Germanic; Osset. stivz "a join-pin" – in Germanic; Osset. fäst "a mortar" – in Slavic, Baltic; Osset. tilläg "harvest" – in Germanic. Ossetian has borrowings in the building sector (Osset. räf "rafter" – Sw. raft "rafter" etc.) In general, the Ossetian-Germanic relations have been studied fairly good (A. ABAYEV V.I. 1958-1989, ABAYEV V.I. 1965), but less attention has been paid to the close linguistic relations of Ossetian with the Norse languages. For example, he did not see the connection Osset. fyd "flesh" with Sw. föda and Eng. food and made more reference to the German language, although the Teutonic area was lying much further than the Norsemen and Anglo-Saxon, and, accordingly, the Teutonic-Ossetian connection could not be closer. Obviously, Abaev had previously formed his own idea of the Germanic tribe with which the Ossetian ancestors were supposed to be in close proximity.
In generally V. Abaev attributed Ossetian-Germanic language contacts to the Scythian-Sarmatian time. However, this is true only for some English-Ossetian and Gothic-Ossetinan lexical matches, as the Anglo-Saxons were present on the territory of eastern Ukraine in the Scythian and the Goths in Sarmatian time, as well as the ancestors of Ossetians, while the other Germanic tribes had already left the territory of Ukraine.
The next on the number of lexical correspondences with the Germanic languages is Kurdish, although its formation area was far away than the areas of the Yagnobi and Pashtun languages. This contradiction is explained by the fact that, as we shall see, the ancient Kurds at one time moved to the right bank of the Dnieper, and there had stronger language contacts with the Germanic peoples than with other Iranic ones.
The area of initial formation of Proto-English was near-by to the Yaghnobi and Pashto areas, therefore English should also have many common language connections with Pashto and Yaghnobi, but connections of Germanic languages with these Iranic languages are perhaps yet to be investigated. Detailed study of these connections can provide linguists with rich material for the further research. The Yaghnobi vocabulary is scanty represented in the Table-dictionary because the lexical material of this language was taken from an available small dictionary. Nevertheless, interesting examples of the isolated matches of this language with the North Germanic and English languages were discovered:
Eng. bug – Yagn. bugalak "gadfly";
Eng. cog – Yagn. ozax "tooth";
Eng. jump – Yagn. jûmb "to move";
Eng. moth, Swed. mott, Ger. Motte – Yagn. mоtta "bread moth";
Swed. digna "to fall", dingla "to hang over"– Yagn. dangal "fell";
Swed. mögel "mould" – Yagn. magor "mould";
Swed. sarg "edge" – Yagn. sarak "edge".
The Pashto area was located as nearest to the English one and this was resulted in such English-Pashto matches:
Table 12. English-Pashto lexical correspondences.
|OE, Eng. beam, Ger Baum a.o. Gmc "a tree"
|bêna "a tree"
|Eng. dapper
|debər "stout, fat"
|OE fright, Eng right
|rixtija "truth, verity";
|OE gǽt, Eng. gate
|get. "gate"
|AS quest "leaf broom", Ger. Quast "brush"
|γōšt "millet"
|OE lyft "weak, foolish", Eng. left "left"
|lavt "weak"
|Eng.-Sax. minnia (Ger. Minne) "love"
|mina "love"
|OE gnagan, Ger. nagan "to gnaw"
|ngardəl , Osset. nyqqyryn "to swallow"
|Eng. rate "to scold"
|ratəl "to scold"
|Eng. to search
|surag', Pers. sorag' "to search"
|O.Icl. scìr a.o. Gmc "clean, white, bright"
|x.kāra "clear, bright"
|OE spearca, Eng. spark
|spərəgəj "spark"
|OE wadan "to go forward", Eng wade
|wāte "exit", watəna "going out"
|OE weddian "to pledge, marry", Eng. wedding
|vādə "wedding"
|Eng. wherry "a boat"
|bərəj, berrah "raft"
|OE wīd "wide"
|wīt "wide"
An enigmatical match is Afg. panga "capital" and OE pæneg "coin, money" which has some correspondences in other Germanic languages, the origin of which is considered unclear (Ger. Pfenning, Swiss pengar, Dan. pengeetc.). However Pashto has many English loan-words of modern days, such as Pashto bench (Eng bench), Pashto strābari (Eng strawberry) etc, therefore it is very difficult to separate common ancient lexical heritage from nowadays borrowings. Some lexical correspomdences can have common origin from Greek or Latin. One must say that English-Iranic connections are not yet studied sufficiently. For example, Eng. hog is supposed to be of Celtic origin but it has many matches in the Iranic languages, which are unknown (Yagn, Afg xug, Shung xūg, Gil xuk, Pers. xūk, Yazg. xəg etc) for scholars. Many Germanic words have Iranic matches (Ger Damm, Sw damm "dam", Ger Faß "barrel", Haus "house", Hammel "lamb", Rain "border", Reif "rope", waten "to wade", Zagel, Sw tagel "tail") but it is vainly to look for them in the Etymological Dictionary of German Languge
Besides, there are such Germanic-Iranic parallels which connection is not clear. For example, Ger Bast, Eng, Dutch, Ic bast corresponds with the word bast "to join" which is present in many Iranic languages, Ger Hirse, OS hersija "millet" can be connected with Kurd herzin, Tal arzyn, Pers ärzan "millet". Bur the most interesting example is such Germanic-Ossetic parallel: Ger Farbe, Dutch verv "paint", Sw färg "colour", Got farwa "deportment, carriage". One cannot at once to find a match in English colour fallow. All these words can be united by Os färw "alder-tree" which has no Iranic parallels. It is known that the bark of this tree can be used for painting and gives red-yellow or brown-yellow colour. Maybe Ger Falbe "a dun, light-bay horse" belongs to this word group. V.I. Abaev considered the Ossetic word as a loan-word from O.U.G fеlawa "willow-tree". In such case, Slav. vьrba, Lit virbas "vine", Lat verbena have to be joined here too. Ger Falbe is connected by Kluge with Gmc *falwa "light-yellow" parent Slav. *polvь, Lit palwas. As you can see, the semantics of the words of this root is extremely branched and comes from the Indo-European roots, so in this case the term "Germanic-Ossetian parallel" is conditional, since it is difficult to determine exactly where you want to restrict the semantic field. Consequently, the element of subjectivity in the research of this kind can not be excluded but when the linguistic facts are put in a certain system, then it becomes more or less clear what the words refer to an older layer, and which are the product of further development, and it helps us to carry out research at different levels, although it is not always possible to determine the word set level.
When we reviewed the kinship of Indo-European languages, it was possible to note that the Germanic and Iranic languages have somewhat more common words than it should have been based on the distance between the location of their Urheimats. Now it is clear that the table-dictionary of the Indo-European languages contains some words mutual for the Germanic and Iranic languages belonging to period of relations we have some of the words that are common to to a later period of the Germanic-Iranic contacts. So we may revise the data and some of them delete. The criterion for the removal of some of the words from the table in the first place may be the prevalence of words in related groups of languages. For example, if the word is very common in Germanic and Iranic languages, it is highly probable that we can talk about its belonging to the level of the Indo-European relations. However, if a word is mutual for two or three languages, and especially in the languages of neighboring areas, we have reason to believe it originated from latest times, and therefore to remove it into a table of higher level. For example, Osset. läsäg "salmon" , which has a matches in the Germanic, Slavic, Baltic and Tocharian languages, was included in the table of the Indo-European relations as an Iranic word. The other Iranic languages have no reliable correspondences, but they could disappear. Now, when we see that the ancestors of the Ossetians lived side by side with the Balts and Germanic peoples, we have reason to believe Ossetian word borrowing in more recent times, remove it from the table of a lowest level and include it in the table of a higher level. In doing so, you can gradually more clearly stratified vocabulary studied languages on levels, determine the range of words without of reliable etymology and further explore them in the light of semantics, historical and geographical circumstances, etc. Such studies may lead us to a reconstruction at least in general terms of "dead" languages of Palaeo-European population, Trypillians etc.
As we can see on the map 5, the forefathers of Albanians, the Thracians were the nearest neighbours of Germanic tribes on the southeast. The Pashto Urheimat was located over the Dnepr. All these languages can have common lexical heritage. However the Germanic-Thracian language connections are researched insufficient, to say nothing about Pashto-Albanian ones. Brief survey of the vocabularies of these languages shows that such connections exist. The Pashto-Albanian lexical matches were considered above, there are some English-Albanian examples:
Eng beam – Pashto bêna - Alb pemе "a tree";
Eng blay, Ger Blei – Alb – bli "sturgeon";
OE borgian, Ger Borg – Alb barga "debt";
Eng raft, Ger Drift – Alb trap "a raft";
Eng deer – Alb drё "deer";
Eng trunk – Alb trung "a stump" (though both can be from Lat truncus);
Some Albanian-Yagnobian matches were found too: Alb hingеllin "to neigh" – Yang hinj'irast «id», Alb anё "bank, shore" – Yagn xani «id», Alb kurriz "back, spine" – Yang gûrk "id".
The Germanic territory coincides to a great extent with the region of Trzciniec culture of uncertain origin which existed from the second quarter till the end of the 1st mill BC. Thus, this culture can be plausible considered as of Germanic origin. Such assumption may be confirmed by connections of discrete Germanic languages with the Iranic ones, since the Iranic areas were located near-by on the Dnieper's left banks.
Ancient Anglo-Saxon Place Names. .
Ancient Teutonic Place Names in Volin .


text:
|Root canal, and by the looks of those X-rays, it's not gonna be pretty."
|~ Peach observing the dentist's operation
Peach is a starfish and a supporting character from Disney/Pixar's Finding Nemo. She was purchased by the dentist on eBay.
She is voiced by Allison Janney, who is well known for voicing Charlene Doofenshmirtz from the Phineas and Ferb cartoon series, Gladys Sharp from Over the Hedge, and Mrs. Grunion from Mr. Peabody and Sherman.
Peach is a pink-red starfish who can apparently read human. She is usually seen attached to the side of the tank, watching the dentist do his dental work on different patients. She announces what is going on to the rest of the Tank Gang. However, whenever Peach speaks, her voice is muffled against the glass (which is a running gag) and one of the other fish would say, "Can't hear you, Peach." She then unsticks herself from the glass so the gang can hear her clearly. At the end of the film, Peach can be seen moving up with the credits while clinging onto the screen. She suddenly falls off, but immediately gets back onto the screen and moves up off the screen.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Possessed Wheelchair is an entity possessing the wheelchairs in Level 2: Asylum Brawl, often with the patients still on them, in Ghostbusters: Sanctum of Slime.
The Possessed Wheelchairs are taken over by an entity. They move at very fast speeds and should be dispersed quickly to avoid damage to the junior team. The Fermion Shock is best suited to take these down.
Manifestation Points
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text:
Abstract Art for Sale
- Title: Sunrise 36
- Medium: Oil on Canvas (Stretched Canvas)
- Dimesions: 16x20x1.5in
- Artist: Laelanie Larach
- Year: 2017
- Original Abstract Painting
- Ready to Hang
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"Sunrise 36" an abstract painting that shows two sunsets in the middle of a pink universe making circular movement representing 36 thoughts inside my soul that vanish with silent wish in a pink sky.
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text:
Thyroid hormones have a crucial role in child development. In babies, lack of thyroid hormone is deleterious, especially for brain development, and babies who have abnormal thyroid glands are at risk for mental retardation. Newborn screening programs have been implemented to diagnose lack of thyroid hormone shortly after birth. In the majority of cases, the thyroid has not developed in the correct location and does not function properly. The reason why the thyroid gland does not take its proper place in the neck is largely unknown. Our project aims to find the cause of abnormal thyroid gland development, in the hopes that information thus obtained can be applied to other less easily treatable congenital malformations.
Even in Canada, the glycated hemoglobin levels of diabetic kids (type 1) are correlated with household income
Study of 1.7 million newborns suggests that increase in congenital hypothyroidism is entirely artifactual


text:
FOR Ray Griffiths, appearing as Cheeky in the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre's annual panto Snow White is an emotional return.
The short actor, who has appeared in movies like Star Wars: The Phantom Menace and two of the Harry Potter films, is making his third visit to the Guildford venue – and met his wife there in the '90s.
"My wife, Sarah, was front of house manager," recalls Ray.
"We had a scene where I had to walk through the auditorium and she used to open the door for me.
"We got chatting… and we've been married for 12 years now."
Ray is playing a dwarf in Snow White, a role he's very used to. "I do panto every year and it's usually Snow White, for obvious reasons," he laughs.
"It's a great way to spend Christmas and it's a great excuse for getting out of things because you can say you're too busy!"
He played an ironic Little John in Robin Hood for the past two years, adding: "It was nice to leave Snow White for a couple of years – but panto generally is a great experience.
"You get a reaction straight away. What other job do you get applauded at the end of the day for doing what you love?"
However, acting wasn't Ray's first job. He started working life as a landscape gardener in his native Yorkshire: "I never thought of acting at all," he says.
"I was working for the council but they started getting rid of people. I ended up out of work and my uncle had an apartment in London and said come down and stay for a while."
And it's at that point that fate played its hand. "I was walking down the Kings Road and this guy on roller skates skated round me and said 'How tall are you?' I thought that was a bit personal but said 4ft 2in.
"He said 'My name's Jeremy Zimmerman and I'm casting for a film. Meet me tomorrow morning and you can be in it'. It turned out to be Willow – I did two weeks of filming and thought this isn't a bad way to make money."
Ray then enrolled in acting school and started to learned his trade. "I was a very different person back then, more shy and quiet and it was like doing an apprenticeship," he says.
"I talked to other people and listened to other people and that's how I learned my trade to the point where I'm now one of the best known short actors in the country."
He says he doesn't mind being cast for 'short' roles. "Of course, that's what I am, a short actor," he says.
"It's nice when producers or directors call you up, not because it's written in the script, but they just think it would be a good part for me. But I'm a jobbing actor. If the role needs a short person – I'm proud to play that. I've got a mortgage and a child to pay for."
He's currently living up to his character as Cheeky in Snow White and reveals: "It should be Happy but Disney owns the rights to the official Snow White story and it's very expensive to get the copyright…"


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You don't have to live by the sea to be a big boat sailor in the Midlands. Did you know the region has no fewer than eight cruising clubs, with a number of dinghy sailing clubs also having cruising sections?
Anyone interested in, or with an established passion, for yachting can join like-minded seafarers to participate in cruises and rallies at home and abroad, compete in major racing events, gain big boat qualifications and enjoy the social buzz of sharing their enthusiasm with other Midlands yachters year round.
And while some cruising club members are boat owners themselves, many are not and enjoy the advantages of being able to charter as a club or discovering opportunities to get their fix of the sea more regularly by sailing with club mates.
As Judy Lambourne, the RYA Midland's RVT cruising representative and ex-Commodore of the Heart of England Offshore Cruising Association (HOEOCA) in Warwickshire, explains, people join for many different reasons.
"I'd say as many as half the members at my club came to cruising through the dinghy route, in that they sailed at local clubs and wanted to explore a different type of sailing, or were at a stage in life where they were physically less able to dinghy sail and cruising meant they could sail for longer. Or it may be someone is too short of time to commit to owning and sailing a dinghy and wants to dip in and out of sailing.
"A lot of people also discover our Midlands cruising clubs through taking shore-based RYA Training courses in the region, while we've definitely noticed an increase in people finding clubs through online searches over the past couple of years too."
Chris Geere, a committee member at the Leicester-based New Parks Cruising Association (NPCA), is one dinghy sailor who made the leap into big boats.
A founder member of Rutland SC in 1976, Chris, a recently retired City Planner and Sustainable Transport Consultant, owned a Bell Woodworking Enterprise dinghy and sailed it at the club for several years until career and family put his sailing on hold.
The turning point came in 1995 when a former work colleague with a Kelt 28 kept at Swanwick on the Hamble River invited Chris to crew on weekend circumnavigation of Isle of Wight. He was hooked and NPCA has fuelled his passion ever since.
He said: "The first leg was a night sail across to Cowes and I realised the need for lessons in and experience of tidal navigation, lights and signals, etc for safe offshore passages. At my friend's suggestion I joined 'RYA Day Skipper' evening classes at NPCA and over several years gained the RYA Coastal Skipper Certificate.
"With NPCA there was also the opportunity for practical on-the-water experience crewing and piloting boats of other club members on 'rallies' in England and shared charters in Scotland and Europe.
"In 2007 I bought my own 28ft Westerly Griffon 'Angelica' and keep her at the Tidemill, Woodbridge, Suffolk for exploring East Coast and rivers. But I still enjoy crewing on more adventurous voyages on well-found boats. Last year, for example, we cruised to the Baltic via Holland and Kiel Canal.
"Belonging to NPCA also gives me access to valuable training courses, but perhaps most importantly, I have gained lifelong friends and shipmates, sharing some unforgettable moments afloat and ashore over the years."
Meanwhile, new HOEOCA Commodore, Mike Veal, came into it via a different route. Until 11 years ago, when he did the RYA Competent Crew course to go on a six-week sailing trip of a lifetime in the Caribbean, Mike had never sailed.
But since then he has qualified up to RYA Yachtmaster, cruised in UK waters, across the Channel and further afield in Croatia, Turkey, the Greek Islands and Malta, while he has also taken part in some iconic events including the Round the Island Race.
With four HOEOCA club mates, Harborne-based Mike, who owns a property maintenance and project management company, recently invested in a share of 40ft yacht and is planning a special birthday
cruise to the British Virgin Islands next year.
He said: "Finding a big boat sailing club in the Midlands 10 years ago
was a revelation and has changed my life for the better. To have gone from never having sailed to being Commodore, Yachtmaster and boat owner in 11 years is unbelievable to me.
"I found out about HOEOCA while I was doing my RYA Yachtmaster Theory at night school in Birmingham. They came and did a
presentation so I went along to one of the Social nights. I was made to feel very welcome and signed up to a Sunsail Race weekend on a boat chartered by the club two weeks later. I've never looked back!"
Most cruising clubs are, or have good relationships with, RYA Training Centres to offer access to practical and theory training from Competent Crew, Day and Coastal Skipper and Yachtmaster qualifications to VHF, Diesel Engines, Radar, Sea Survival and First Aid.
Meanwhile, for many people the social side, especially during the winter, is big draw as clubs run speaker programmes that often welcome high-profile maritime guests, and experts from across the marine industry to talk about practical 'how to' subjects.
You don't have to be an RYA member to join a cruising club, but a recent HOEOCA member survey found over 65% of respondents were, a trend Judy believes is probably reflected across the rest of the Midlands' clubs.
She concludes: "I think people, boats owners especially, are surprised to find there are these cruising opportunities on their doorsteps despite living in the Midlands. Just because we don't live by the coast doesn't mean we can't enjoy our hobby more of the time. Our reginal clubs help people get on the water more often"
*To find your nearest Midlands cruising club visit www.rya.org.uk/wheresmynearest


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— Taking a look at how some Dirt Wheels readers do it —
Farmers get to ride their quads or UTVs right from the barn. The rest of us have to haul our prized off-road vehicles to a riding area. The quick way is to put your quad in the back of your pick up truck. Maybe even put two or three back there. In some cases it's even possible to put your UTV in the back of the truck too. For most though, they use a trailer. Depending on the size of the trailer you can haul a variety of quads and UTVs. We're going to take a random look here at what some of our readers look like when they get loaded up to head to a riding area. Which one of these photos best represents your hauling adventures?
We'll be doing Part Two of this Hauling Feature a while later, so make sure you get included. Send us photos of your rig with some info, your name, city and state. Email to [email protected]


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Cool Machine Wash.
Fabric: 95% Viscose, 5% Elastane.
Wearing Length: 66cm Approx.
Bust Measurement: 96cm Approx.
One Size Fits UK 8 to 14.
Feel luxurious in this simple lace cami, ideal for layering under your favourite sheer styles this season. The Made in Italy Silloth Lace Trim Camisole is crafted from soft jersey featuring lace panelling to the hemline and lace straps for an elegant feel. Get back to basics and use this cami under shirts, jumpers, dresses and more.
Please contact us for our Delivery & Returns Policy


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Black Friday and the peak shopping season is just around the corner, but there is still time to make adjustments to your search strategy to ensure the channel pays dividends in 2017.
We've scoured the search landscape and found who's getting ready to compete. Take a look at our infographic for the latest in Black Friday keywords, top searches, SERP trends, and winners. Want to know more about how you can be better prepared?
Read our detailed Black Friday / Cyber Monday report


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Hi all!
Something new that we are working on around here is hosting more events! Most of our team is located in Austin and we want to celebrate that by hanging out with you! We already have an event planned each month for the rest of the year. Who else is jumping for joy at the thought of that!? For this month, we decided on a mama and me Valentines party and it was oh so sweet. If you missed out, have no fear! We will have plenty of chances to hang out in 2019.
The party was held at The Refinery in downtown Austin and it was by far one of the coolest event locations. This location was made for those perfect Instagram moments.
We had around 50 mamas and 50 kiddos that attended! It was the best group of besties.
The Refinery has the most beautiful bar for the yummiest treats. Is there anything better in the world than an unlimited supply of Valentine treats? I can't think of one thing.
Our team just died when we laid our eyes on the cutest little felt board by Felt Like Sharing. If you have followed any of our other events you know how much we love Day Dream Society. She has the best collection of party decor! These plates were pure perfection.
One of my personal favorite treats at the party was our Strawberry Milk Bar! Topping strawberry milk with homemade whipped cream, Neon Yolk Sprinkles, and a Fluff Meringue Marshmallow was just the icing on top of this incredible event.
The biggest hit at our event was our balloon heart arch photo booth! In my post here I give you all the things you need to create your own balloon arch. For this one, I just made two arches and attached them together at the event! It is so much easier than you think! Seriously! And don't forget, Shop Studio Pep has the best selection of balloons and confetti you can find! Her stuff is magic!
Havel you ever seen a cuter group of J&J bestie babes!?
Some of the activities available for the kiddos were cotton candy, seeing how many could fit in the heart ball pit, and playing with play dough!
Not only did we have the best time at this event, but we also raised over $2,000 for the Texas Children's Heart Foundation. If you were able to attend, we just want to thank you for being the coolest. If you weren't able to make it, we can't wait to hang out soon!


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Baby Shower Cakes
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Personalise your Baby Shower Cake.
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Baby shower cakes come in all shapes, sizes and styles. At New Cakes we've created a specific range of Baby Shower Cakes to celebrate the imminent arrival of your bundle of joy.
From a baby bump cake to cute prams and basket cakes, all of our cakes can be customised to your exact requirements. You have a choice of colours, personalised messages and the flavours.
For alternative cake flavours or bespoke designs then please give us call on 01753 374 726.
All of our cakes come with free next day delivery!


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Sweden, wow.
Praise God for he is Good. Always. You get to understand the depth of a gift when the giver needs to be addressed during the urgent humble circumstance of a small crises. I was almost not allowed out of Ghana to Sweden because the gate had closed 1.5 hours before the flight. I have a ton of things to wrap up before my family comes in tomorrow to Linkcoping, Sweden. But I wanted to say that God has been merciful to me and I am now in Sweden. I had one of the best days of my life yesterday suprising my brother with not only me in his country earlier than expected, but also with a gift of renting an airplane to go to an island called Gotland with his wife to be and best friend ( who is a pilot). Now I am wrapping up the photography from my past months abroad and trying to hack my iphone so it works in other countries.


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Journal of Computer Applications (计算机应用) 2013/33:12 PP.3331-3334
With the increasing energy consumption in current data centers, many emerging energy-saving mechanisms have been proposed to reduce the energy consumption, but most of these methods assume data center is in a homogeneous environment. However, most of current data centers are heterogeneous as different types of servers are purchased at different time in reality. An energy-efficient method named Primary Virtual Machine Allocation Policy (PVMAP) was proposed, with the performance/power introduced as a parameter to indicate the energy efficiency of each server. The server of high energy efficiency would be fully utilized with high priority in the dynamic Virtual Machine (VM) consolidation. Also the consolidation process would try to minimize the VM migrations and running hosts in the end. The simulation results demonstrate that the PVMAP can guarantee the energy conservation and Quality of Service (QoS) at the same time, and it has better stability and extensibility.
ReleaseDate:2014-07-21 16:59:39


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DVLA asks drivers to look again in new EYE 735T campaign
July 24, 2018
Drivers will be encouraged to take the 'number plate test' - a quick and easy way to check they meet the minimum eyesight requirements for driving. By law, all drivers must meet the minimum eyesight standards at all times when driving - this includes being able to read a number plate from 20 metres.
The campaign is reminding the public that they can easily check their eyesight by taking the 20 metres test and is pointing out some ways to quickly identify 20 metres at the roadside. It is advising that 5 car lengths or 8 parking bays can be an easy way to measure the distance.
The campaign is encouraging anyone with concerns about their eyesight to visit their optician or optometrist for an eye test.
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Descendants of William and George Phelps
Harold Bartle 'Bart' Phelps
Joins the Navy and Gets Hitched
Harold Bartle Phelps' family left Peoria, Illinois in 1897. They arrived in San Diego later that year. There was a local depression in the Los Angeles area at the time. The family moved several times, to Pasadena, Altadena, Los Angeles, and Glendale. None of Bart's sisters had any children. Bart left high school and pursued telegraphy work for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad in Winslow, Arizona from 1910 to 1914. He was paid from $17 to $95 per month.Bart enlisted in the Navy on November 4, 1914. The pay rate was $17.60 per month. He spent WWI in Honolulu and WWII at various posts in the Pacific, including Hawaii, Alaska, San Francisco, the Philippines, New Guinea, and Bremerton, Washington.
Bart (nicknamed "Skinny" while in the Navy) met Annie Elizabeth Christy in San Francisco through a friend of Bart's. in early 1919, Bart's friend asked Betty's friend if she knew a nice young lady. When Betty's friend said yes, the four went on out to dinner on a double blind date. In August Bart shipped out for Hawaii. Eight months after Bart was transfered to Hawaii, Betty sailed on the Matson ship S. S. Manoa from San Francisco on 30 March 1920. Very shortly after she arrived, on April 6, they were married. No invitations were sent, only an announcement afterwards. Only a few friends of very short duration attended the wedding.
While serving in the U. S. Navy, the family moved from Pago Pago, Samoa to San Francisco from December 27, 1929 to January 30, 1930, aboard the SS Sierra, destined for her mother and father's apartment at 525 Turk St. in San Francisco.
Bart wrote, "The urge to see something of Alaska came over me at an early age after reading dozen of stories by Jack London, Rex Beach, Robert W. Service and many others. I wasn't quite dry behind the ears so I put that idea in the "Awaiting Action" file for a few years. After spending the summer of '14 working nights and trying to sleep days I wasn't about to try another summer in Arizona. I took leave of absence and beat to Los Angeles and inquired around about telegraph jobs in Alaska, It didn't take me long to find that the Army and Navy had such business almost sewed up.
That left me right in the middle of a quandary. What to do? Would it be the Army at $21.00 and a horse blanket or the Navy at $17.60 and a hammock? I was making $90 a month with the Santa Fe and that was good money. I sure felt foolish taking that much of a cut in pay. I said to myself: "Now or never." I scouted around for more information on Alaska telegraph jobs and finally found an old signal corps man who had spent some time up there and he gave me a good line-up on the whole deal, same good jobs, some not so good and many of the jobs way out in the boondocks where the man were responsible for maintaining the line on either side of their station half the distance to the next station. Also that in the summer when making repairs they had to wade through swamps and hordes of mosquitos and in winter they waded through snow hip high on a tall Indian and he said Alaskan winters could be real rugged at times. I could feel my Pioneering blood begin to curdle and that Navy hassock looked better all the time. He also told me that even if I could talk the signal corps into sending me to Alaska I would still be a big recruit and would certainly end up out in the boondocks at first.
That decided me and I went to the the Navy recruiting station to see if I could pass the physical before resigning from the Santa Fe. I passed and found out later that if a fellow could walk into an Army or Navy recruiting station and possessed the necessary appurtenances such as one head with built-in ears, two arms and legs and was slightly warm, he was in the service right now, any name and any age the kid gave was taken as gospel just walk in and be breathing. On November 4, 1914, I signed on the dotted line as a "Landsman for Electrician (Radio)" which meant that I would go right to a radio school and didn't have to go through boot camp. All boot camps were quite rugged up until WWI.
It took me almost ten years to get anywhere near Alaska. Almost made it to Seward in 1919 but ended up in Honolulu instead. My girl friend came out from San Francisco and we were married April 6, 1920. Another five years went by quickly and I managed to wrangle a job at Ketchikan where we arrived on June 30, 1924 on the Alaska SS Co. "Yukon." When we steamed in sight of Ketchikan that beautiful morning, I said to Betty: "Eureka. This is the place I have been looking for these many years." It looked like a good sized town and the houses peeping out from the trees on the hill back of town made it a beautiful sight. I could see the radio towers not too far north of town, an old Marconi station taken over by the Navy in WWI and just a nice walk to town. This would be all mine for the next two years and we decided it would be an ideal place to start our family. My crystal ball must have been a trifle murky as I couldn't foresee how soon my bubble would burst."
During WWII, Bart was called back to active duty as a radioman. He served on New Guinea during Christmas 1944. After retiring the second time from the military in 1946, he returned to work for San Mateo County as a property assessor.
Bart served in both World Wars as a radioman. In 1930, Bart was a Chief Radioman and they lived in San Diego at 88 Oregon St. After San Diego, Bart was assigned to the Naval Radio Station, Naval Air Station in Astoria, Oregon.
In 1937, Bart retired from the U.S. Navy and the family returned to the San Francisco Bay Area, where Betty's folks lived. They purchased a lot in San Mateo on the site of the old horse track, at 303 Seville Way. They had a 2 bedroom, 1 bath split-level Mediterranean style home with Spanish tile roof house built for $7000.
Bart went to work for the county as a property assessor; Betty managed the money and had the house paid off within about 5 years.
They lived from 1937 until his death at age 91 in 1984 in San Mateo, California. Aside from a long hitch as a radioman in the Navy, he worked as a property assessor for San Mateo County. They had one son, Harold Bartle "Hal" Phelps Jr., my father.
After his death on March 9, 1984, Bart was cremated. He did not wish (as was Betty's wish) for any memorial service. Betty did not inter his ashes for several years, until after she moved to Santa Maria, CA, to live near her son.
Their son Harold "Hal" Phelps became an Eagle Scout and his Scoutmaster was black, which was very unusual in that day. Hal went to the junior college near their home in San Mateo. He and Merv Griffen shared the duty of playing the piano for school assemblies. After high school, Dad joined the Navy. He wanted to become a civil engineer and the Navy assigned him the Navy V-12 Unit, University of Kansas City, in Lawrence, Kansas, near Kansas City.
At the end of WWII, Hal was enrolled in the Navy ROTC V-12 program at Kansas State University; he finished his college education as a junior officer and went active duty in early 1945. Before he left Kansas City, he met 20 year old Annabeth Beasley, who volunteered to help at the local USO. Hal served in the South Pacific on Guam for 18 months.
When he returned to the continental U.S., he married Annabeth Beasley in Kansas City on December 21, 1947. Hal was asasigned to Naval Air Station in Chincoteague, Virginia. From there they moved to Camp Pendleton, near Long Beach, California. My brother Bud was born there in 1951. The family next moved to Great Lakes Naval Training Center, 35 miles north of Chicago. It was while stationed here that Annabeth's mother, Elizabeth Bremser Beasley, passed away.
In 1954 Hal was next stationed to 6th Army HQ, in Heidelberg, Germany. Annabeth and Bud followed in early 1955. Though a Navy man and far from the seas, he was attached to a Seabees (civil engineering) unit. While in Germany, their second son, Brian was born. The family left Germany in December, 1956 and returned to California, where Hal was assigned to the Naval Air Station in Monterey, California. They bought a house but Annabeth and Hal were divorced the next year.
Bud died in August, 2000, having never married nor had any children. Annabeth died in her sleep less than nine months later, at age 73.
Brian, the author of this site, married Susan Claypool, with whom he had Tucker. He then married Sharla Morgan, and they have four sons, Connor, Cory, Aaron, and Gordon. They live today outside Stockton, California.


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By Tony Bennett
On Wednesday 12 August, our Chairman Debbie Butler and two supporters of the Madeleine Foundation distributed copies of our '10 Reasons' leaflet in Leicester and the Leicestershire towns of Mountsorrel and Rothley. This leafleting included posting the leaflet through the letter-boxes of the McCanns' neighbours, but not the McCanns' house itself. This action has been publicly criticised by a handful of Rothley villages and some tabloid newspapers have described it as 'stalking the McCanns'. Contrary to press reports, the whole town of Rothley was not leafleted - only 150 homes received the leaflet - and the leaflets were distributed in Rothley between 3pm and 6pm, not 'late at night' as some papers reported. No leaflets were flyposted in any shape or form. If leaflets were pinned up on trees and notice boards, as reported, local residents must have done this.
This leaflet drop was part of a nationwide distribution of our '10 Reasons' leaflet which has been going on since early May this year. The leaflet is titled: "What Really Happened to Madeleine McCann? - 10 key reasons which suggest she was not abducted". It is a synopsis of our booklet, titled: "What Really Happened to Madeleine McCann? - 60 reasons which suggest she was not abducted"
[ www.madeleinefoundation.org/main/our-book/].
Both the booklet and the leaflet are factual leaflets. The McCanns and their lawyers were shown a draft of our '60 Reasons' booklet in October 2008, before publication. We offered to amend or withdraw any statement in our booklet which they could demonstrate to be false. To date, we have not received any objection. Moreover, no-one has demonstrated any one of the 60 reasons to be incorrect.
To date, nearly 20,000 copies of '10 Reasons' have been distributed around the country and in some places overseas. The leaflet is nearly always well received and some small shopkeepers are stocking supplies of it on their counters. It may be recalled that an opinion poll conducted in 2007 by a respected national polling agency found 80% of Britons did not accept that the McCanns had been straight about what really happened to Madeleine. We have every reason to think that figure remains about the same or even higher. When a long and sympathetic interview with the McCanns was transmitted on Spanish TV, viewers were asked if they thought the McCanns were telling the truth or lying; 70% said they were lying. All this suggests that the majority of the population are deeply sceptical of the McCanns' abduction claim and are hungry for real information about the case.
We have consistently found that the people who attack those of us who expose the complete lack of evidence that Madeleine was abducted are generally ignorant of the facts of the case.
Many people who originally believed the McCanns' claim that Madeleine was abducted have changed their minds, simply because they have troubled to check the facts of the case.
Our booklet has already influenced hundreds of people who have sent us unsolicited testimonials, thanking us for revealing facts about the case which have they have not previously been able to discover by reading the British mainstream media.
Other prime sources of information about the disappearance of Madeleine McCann include a 50-minute documentary made by the original senior detective in the case, Gonçalo Amaral. You can see this film, with English subtitles, on YouTube, here:
Gonçalo Amaral has already written a book on the case, titled A Verdada da Mentira - in English, 'The Truth About A Lie'. The book, which documents the evidence he and his team of detectives uncovered (including the crucial evidence of the top police sniffer dogs of the scent of a corpse found at four places in the McCanns' apartment, two places in the McCanns' hired Renault Scenic, two of Dr Kate McCann's clothes, one of the children's T-shirts and on the pink soft toy, Cuddle Cat) has been translated into several different languages and has sold over ½ million copies. It has yet to be published in England. A good English translation can be viewed here:
It has been suggested that under the principle of 'innocent until proven guilty', there should be no further discussion about the facts of the case. Others claim that the Portuguese judicial authorities have 'cleared' the McCanns and that therefore there should be no further questioning of the McCanns' alleged involvement in the 'disappearance' of their daughter.
What these suggestions fail to take on board is that in a 58-page report by the Portuguese police and judicial authorities released in July 2008, they concluded that there was evidence that Madeleine McCann died in her parents' apartment in Praia da Luz and that her body was subsequently hidden. The report simply said they did not at present have sufficient evidence to be able to charge any one individual with those crimes.
Britain is a country noted around the world for its tradition of free speech. The Madeleine Foundation will continue to discuss the facts of this case, and if we think the evidence points in certain directions, we will not hesitate to say so.
One of the reasons, in the opinion of many - including the original senior investigating detective - that the investigation into Madeleine's 'disappearance' failed to bring charges was because of active government interference in the Portuguese investigation. This is a strong area of interest for The Madeleine Foundation and we shall continue to delve into this.
Before finishing, we wish to deal with allegations that either of us, or anyone in The Madeleine Foundation, is 'making money'. In fact, the reverse is true, it has cost us money to ensure that the British public are informed about the facts relating to Madeleine's disappearance. Our booklet is priced at £3.00, and that includes postage of 76p. The original print run, and any further print runs, are priced at cost, simply to cover printing and postage costs etc.
Neither Tony Bennett as the author nor anyone else associated with the Foundation has been paid for their time and work. Donations from members of the public have mostly covered the costs of distributing our '10 Reasons' leaflet widely.
This contrasts sharply with those who have made a lot of money from Madeleine's disappearance:
a series of dodgy firms of private investigation agencies who have charged a fortune for their services and got precisely nowhere,
Clarence Mitchell and Justine McGuiness who between them have netted over £200,000 for public relations services - not for helping to find Madeleine,
lawyers like top libel lawyers Carter Ruck, top extradition lawyer Michael Caplan Q.C. and Bates Wells and Braithwaite who have raked in hundreds of thousands of pounds,
the tabloid and 'red top' newspapers who have made literally millions of pounds by the simple device of putting Madeleine's face on their front pages, and
not to mention the McCanns themselves who took money from a generous British public to pay two large monthly mortgage payments - before an outraged British public forced them to call a halt to that misuse of those funds.
We regret that the presentation and discussion of the facts of this case offend some. We must all remember that at the heart of this story is Madeleine, then a three-year-old British girl, who - if the McCanns' version of events is to be believed - must have suffered terribly as a result of the act of being abducted.
But overwhelming circumstantial evidence suggests that Madeleine died in her parents' apartment - and we shall continue to inform the British public about that evidence.
Debbie Butler, Chairman
Tony Bennett, Secretary
The Madeleine Foundation
19 August 2009
Debbie Butler


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Milan Lucic, LW – Vancouver Giants (2nd Round, 50th overall in 2006)
Height: 6'3 Weight: 220 lbs Birthdate: 6/7/1988
In his second full season with the Vancouver Giants, Lucic made an impressive leap offensively, with a total 68 points (30 goals, 38 assists) in 70 regular season games, more than three times the total of his rookie WHL season. He led the team in scoring for much of the season, with a team-high 13 power-play goals, and was also among the highest on the team at +32. Lucic is an intimidating player on the ice who plays a tough physical game and has a reputation for his willingness to drop the gloves. Of 147 total penalty minutes on the season, he had 17 fighting majors. Lucic took home the team MVP, Top Scorer, Humanitarian and Number Two Star of the year awards for the Vancouver Giants.
Levi Nelson, C – Swift Current Broncos (6th round, 158th overall in 2006)
Height: 6'0 Weight: 181 lbs Birthdate: 4/28/1988
The postseason ended in six games for the Swift Current Broncos, and Bruins prospect Levi Nelson tied with center Jeremy Schenderling as the top playoff scorers on the team at seven points in six games. Nelson, in his second full season with the Broncos, led the team in scoring for much of the regular season, which he finished out at 52 points (18 goals, 34 assists) in 66 games. He's a talented and feisty playmaking center who demonstrates excellent puck control and good skating ability. His dedication to the game and tremendous work ethic make him an invaluable teammate. During the 2006-07 season, he served as one of his team's alternate captains, and won the Broncos' leading scorer, King of the Road and Fan Favorite awards. He signed an ATO with the Providence Bruins following the conclusion of Swift Current's season.
Wacey Rabbit, C – Vancouver Giants (5th round, 154th overall in 2005)
Height: 5'9 Weight: 186 lbs Birthdate: 11/16/86
It looked as though 20-year-old Wacey Rabbit had put the WHL behind him following the 2005-06 season in Saskatoon. He signed a contract with the Bruins and began the regular season in Providence (AHL), but he had a slow start in his first few games as a pro, and saw limited ice time with the P Bruins. When the Vancouver Giants called, Rabbit took hold of the opportunity and returned to juniors as an overage player. He's spent time on one of the team's top lines with Lucic and Michal Repik, and averaged more than a point per game since joining the team in January. Rabbit tallied a total 36 points (11 goals, 25 assists) in 30 regular season games with the Giants. He adds skill, speed and strong leadership to the Giants offense, something that will no doubt help them in the postseason. After dominating their division for the majority of the season, the Giants have the opportunity for an extended playoff run, giving the overage forward a viable shot at the championship. Rabbit is expected to be back in Providence for the 2007-08 season.
Lukas Vantuch, C – Lethbridge Hurricanes (6th round, 172 overall in 2005)
Height: 6'4 Weight: 210 lbs Birthdate: 7/20/1987
The big Czech began his second WHL season with the Lethbridge Hurricanes, looking to make a greater impact with his new team and also to create a favorable impression with the team that drafted him. His numbers improved slightly, up to 21 points in 58 regular season games, but Vantuch was still unable to become a significant contributor on offense. While he provided depth upfront, his role was primarily fourth-line duty for the Hurricanes. He's a player with incredible size and skill, something he has yet to use them to their full potential on a consistent basis. Vantuch does seem committed to improving his overall game, but his progress has been slow and his performance inconsistent.
Andrew Bodnarchuk, D – Halifax Mooseheads (5th round, 128th overall in 2006)
Height: 5'11 Weight: 193 lbs Birthdate: 7/11/1988
Bodnarchuk was among the top scoring defensemen in the QMJHL for the 2006-07 regular season, finishing out his second season in Halifax with a total 57 points (16 goals, 41 assists) in 63 games, more than double his rookie point total. A staple on the Halfax power play, Bodnarchuk's strengths lie in his speed, stickwork, and his ability to control the puck. As a defender, he's best when using his stick to disrupt passes or pick off the puck, and he does a decent job of keeping the puck. The 18-year-old doesn't shy away from contact, but he would benefit from continued work on his strength, as he is sometimes out-muscled during one-on-one battles. He's played a major role on the Mooseheads' blueline, however, and his presence is missed when he's out of the lineup. Bodnarchuk took home the award for Halifax's best defenseman for the year, and also split the team's MVP honors with rookie Jakub Voracek.
Brad Marchand, C – Val d'Or Foreurs (3rd round, 71st overall in 2006)
Height: 5'10 Weight: 188 lbs Birthdate: 5/11/1988
Eighteen-year-old Brad Marchand capped off the regular season, his first with the Val d'Or Foreurs, with an impressive 80 points (33 goals, 47 assists) in just 57 games. The feisty little forward enjoys playing the role of pest, but he also likes to be actively involved in his team's offense. In the past, the biggest downside for Marchand was that he had the tendency to try to do too much, but he has since worked to simplify his game. Marchand may be on the small side, but he is also relentless in his pursuit of the puck and will not back down. In addition to a strong season with Val d'Or, Marchand can now add winning a gold medal with Team Canada in the 2007 U20 World Junior competition to his resume. Though he didn't put up huge numbers, it was the first time representing his country in the WJC, and a valuable experience for the young forward. After his team knocked out Chicoutimi in four games during the first round of the 2007 QMJHL playoffs, Marchand will have the opportunity for a solid postseason run with the Foreurs. He was a member of the Moncton Wildcats team that took the President's Cup in 2006 and then went on to the Memorial Cup Championship game.
Anton Hedman, LW – Guelph Storm (8th round, 255th overall in 2004)
Height: 6'3 Weight: 215 lbs Birthdate: 5/15/1986
After a promising rookie season with the Sudbury Wolves, the big Swede power forward began the 2006-07 season with a new team. As a member of the Owen Sound Attack, Hedman was expected to add some toughness and scoring potential to one of the team's top lines. He had reasonable success with the Attack, scoring 24 points (12 goals, 12 assists) in 39 games and compiling a total 73 penalty minutes. He earned second star for his two goals and two assists in a Jan. 4 match against the Barrie Colts, what would turn out to be one of his finest offensive performances of the season. Less than a week later, the Colts decided to look towards their future, and the overage forward was traded to the Guelph Storm for a high pick in the OHL draft. He played the remainder of the regular season with the Storm, where he posted 12 points in 28 games, and he had an assist in their brief four-game postseason run. Some of Hedman's greatest attributes are his attitude, work ethic and willingness to stick up for his teammates. He can be a tough physical player and knows how to use his size to his advantage, in a style that is not usually characteristic of European players.
Copyright 2007 Hockey's Future. Do not reprint or otherwise duplicate without permission of the editorial staff.


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Exclusive:Actress LizzyGold Onuwaje Awards Scholarship to Urhobo College Pupil to University Level
Recall that last week, Julia Blaise Blog (JBB) reported that Nollywood actress and ex-Miss Delta state, LizzyGold Onuwaje will on Thursday Nov 28, 2013 stage a debate with topic, The Systematic Poor Quality if Education in Nigeria is Based on Who? Federal Government or Educators? for secondary school students in Delta state. I equally revealed that the winner of the competition will get a scholarship and brand new laptop from the actress' foundation, Gbubemi Care Foundation.
The story now is that the debate competition held yesterday as scheduled at Kariot Hotel Warri, and Oghene Kome from Urhobo College won the competition.
Oghene was awarded a scholarship till he graduates from the University by Gbemu Care Foundation. It means that the actress will pay his school fees from now on till he graduates from the university. He equally got a brand new laptop, while 2nd is a female and got a laptop. 3rd position got an android phone.
Those who attended the event include, Melvin Oduah,Walter Anga, Uche Nwaezeapuh, Nichole Banna, Princess, while Melvin, Walta and Uche gave gifts to best most completed student, well dressed student, and student with poise.


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On 19 July 2018, the UK Government published its draft statutory guidance and draft regulations on Relationships Education, to be taught in primary schools in England, and on Relationships and Sex Education (RSE), to be taught in secondary schools in England. This followed a Government consultation on what should be in the guidance, in which Mothers' Union engaged. Equivalent guidance has not been updated since the year 2000. On publishing its draft guidance, the Government invited further consultation until 7 November 2018. Mothers' Union closely reviewed the draft and sought member views to inform our response. This included conducting a survey, which was presented to members during the General Meeting 2018 and made available online.
Our Response
Mothers' Union welcomed the Government's draft guidance. However, there were areas that we believe could, and should, be strengthened. Below provides a summary of some of the key areas which were addressed in our response to the consultation.
Mothers' Union was glad to see that the overall content of the guidance was built upon teaching the characteristics of positive relationships, based both on self-respect and on respect towards others. This began with a focus on family relationships and friendships at primary school level. The importance of this foundation had been emphasised by Mothers' Union members when responding to the first consultation; we were therefore pleased that the Government has taken this seriously. In addition, Mothers' Union welcomed among other content: the inclusion of teaching about online resilience; the law and definitions of rape and sexual assault; and teaching the value of investing in long-term committed relationships.
Preventing abuse
Mothers' Union was encouraged that the draft guidance sought to raise awareness of different types of abuse, and explicitly acknowledged that the teaching of Relationships Education and RSE 'can help prevent abuse'. However, the language in the guidance at times did not align to delivering this in practice. On four occasions, the emphasis was less focused on first preventing abusive behaviours towards others (ie offender focused) but was victim focused in its approach.
Mothers' Union members believe that young people need to be given tools to protect themselves, and to report abuse—but that this must follow on from providing knowledge and teaching about not being abusive in our actions towards others, in order to help prevent abuse in the first place. The need for this subtle but crucial shift in emphasis with regard to addressing abuse is one that requires a change across culture. What is provided in the Government's Guidance for schools will set the emphasis for those teaching and, consequently, will influence young people's mindsets regarding how abuse is viewed. Mothers' Union therefore made a number of suggested amendments to the language in the draft, to address this.
Engaging with parents
Mothers' Union welcomed the clarity in draft guidance that all schools should work closely with parents when planning and delivering these subjects. However, although evidence suggests that children are likely to want to talk to their parents about relationships and sex, evidence also shows that many parents and carers do not currently feel confident, or resourced, to communicate with their children about these issues.
Mothers' Union surveyed 181 parents and carers at Big Church Day Out 2018. In total, 83 percent of those parents felt 'not at all' or only 'partly' informed about what was already being taught in schools relating to these issues. When asked how confident they felt in talking to their children about issues surrounding healthy relationships and sex education, only around half felt fully confident, and only 30 per cent of the parents felt equipped for such conversations.
Mothers' Union stressed to the Government that it is crucial that parents are supported in order for them to feel confident and equipped to communicate with their children about healthy relationships and sex. Parenting sessions to help parents talk to their children about these issues have proved successful in increasing the confidence of parents to engage with their children. The 'What Should We Tell the Children about Relationships and Sex' programme, which is facilitated by Mothers' Union in a variety of settings, provided a good example of this.
Access to appropriate resources
The Government asked for those completing its consultation on the draft guidance to list, in order of importance, a number of options it provided about ways in which resourcing and training for teachers could be approached. These approaches included, for example, 'the provision of, or signposting to, teacher guides or training in the new subject knowledge' and 'the provision of guidance or training in how to select appropriate teaching resources'. We contended that the options provided were not mutually exclusive and must not be treated as such.
Looking ahead to implementation of the Guidance, our survey of Mothers' Union members identified that not only teachers, but all those who had regular communication with children, required increased support with regard to accessing, identifying, and using appropriate resources on relationships and sex education. At the time of the consultation submission, we had received 144 survey responses from Mothers' Union members. When asked how confident the participants felt in knowing where they can access and identify authoritative age-appropriate resources on these subjects, 87 percent said 'not at all' or only 'partly'– both for online and offline resources. Of the 144 participants, 77 percent said that it would be 'extremely' or 'very' beneficial if there were a central place to access authoritative resources, either provided by or supported by the Government. In addition, 68 percent felt that it would be 'extremely' or 'very' beneficial if resources themselves were clearly identifiable as being approved―such as by a relevant Government department.
We strongly agreed with the guidance that, were there to be children whose questions went unanswered on these issues, they may turn to inappropriate sources of information. As young people actively engage in the internet and modern technology as an integral part of daily life, we stressed that this will also be an important contact point for reaching them with authoritative information.
Mothers' Union emphasised that monitoring and evaluating will be crucial in ensuring a long-term positive outworking of the final guidelines for young people in schools, including on how well parents are being engaged in the process. We also identified that, with the right external provision, there could be a significant additional opportunity for the Government to improve support and education for adults themselves on healthy relationships more broadly.
On 25 February 2019, the Government published the updated guidance, and laid the regulations for debate in Parliament.
Survey on Relationship and Sex Education
Your views matter. Mothers' Union is continuing to survey its members and friends on a number of issues, to feed into its ongoing evidence base and input into its views on RSE.. Click here to respond to our survey on Relationships and Sex Education in England.
Is this a topic which you have specific experience, expertise or insights? If so, please contact email@example.com
For information on our global grassroots work on education and building healthy relationships see our projects and our programmes.


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18837 Brookhurst, Suite 109
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
Fountain Valley area dentist Dr. Andrew Mortensen offers dental payment plans so you can afford the treatment you need. Just talk with our friendly team about your needs.
We'll be happy to work with you to find the solution that fits your situation. We're committed to making your oral health a reality.
At Andrew G. Mortensen, DDS, Inc., we accept several types of dental insurance. With the proper information, Dr. Mortensen and his staff will be happy to file your insurance claim for you. We strive to make the insurance paperwork process as simple and streamlined as possible. You are only personally responsible for the co-pay or deductible amount.
Fountain Valley area cosmetic dentist Andrew Mortensen, D.D.S. has extensive experience creating beautiful smiles. They're one of the first things people notice about you.
Our professional team will be happy to discuss your aesthetic dentistry options. The attractive results you'll get from Andrew G. Mortensen, DDS, Inc. can change your life!
If you are missing one or more teeth, you'll want to talk with Fountain Valley area dental implant dentist Dr. Andrew Mortensen about replacements that look and feel as natural as your own teeth. If dentures are causing you problems, you may consider dental implants. Unlike dentures, which can be removed, Dr. Mortensen offers dental implants that are permanently anchored into the jaw itself.
If you're looking for denture repair in the Fountain Valley area, our team at Andrew G. Mortensen, DDS, Inc. offers friendly service. Dr. Mortensen understands the importance of reliable dentures that fit properly.
We'll get your repairs done professionally and quickly. You'll be able to eat and smile again with confidence as soon as possible.
215 N. State College
Anaheim, CA 92806
Relaxation dentistry with Anaheim area dentist Dr. Richard Scott means your dental treatments can be done quickly. You'll be lightly sedated and you'll feel little or no discomfort.
You won't have to tolerate feeling uncomfortable or hide your smile because you need dental work. You'll feel at ease during your dental appointment, and glad that you're taking care of your oral health.
Dr. Scott has extensive experience providing gingivitis treatments in the Anaheim area. Bleeding gums can lead to more serious health problems if not treated promptly.
Our friendly, professional team will evaluate your needs and design a personal treatment plan. We'll help you have healthy gums and teeth for life.
If you're looking for dentures that look great and last, look no further than Richard B. Scott, D.D.S. located in the Anaheim, CA area. Richard Scott, D.D.S. will assess your needs and fit you with durable, comfortable, natural-looking dentures - at a price you can afford.
If you need gum disease treatment, Anaheim area gum disease dentist, Dr. Scott offers extensive experience. Unhealthy gums can be a risk factor for more serious health problems if not treated promptly.
Our professional team will assess your situation and create a personalized treatment plan. We're committed to your life-long healthy gums and teeth.
Dr. Richard Scott is a popular Anaheim area children's dentist known for his easy going and friendly approach. Our caring team is dedicated to your child's dental health.
We're happy to answer all of your questions. We want you and your children to feel comfortable, whether we're treating your toddler's baby teeth or your teenager's permanent teeth.
100 Laguna Rd. Suite 210
Fullerton, CA 92835
Here at Townview Dental Care, your comfort is our number one priority. We will do our utmost to put you at ease and keep you feeling relaxed and secure. Under the experienced leadership of Dr. Jerry Wu, our dedicated team of professionals is at your service to explain your treatment thoroughly and answer any questions you may have.
Dr. Jerry Wu at his Fullerton area dental implants practice offers extensive experience restoring your dental implant crown.
Our dedicated team uses state-of-the-art materials and techniques for stability and longevity. You'll enjoy the comfort and confidence of natural-looking teeth.
Jerry Wu, D.D.S., provides adult dentistry in the Fullerton, California area. We offer a range of dental services designed to help you maintain your oral health throughout your adult life.
Healthy teeth and gums support your overall quality of life. At Townview Dental Care, we're here to serve your dental needs.
Townview Dental Care is a trusted Fullerton area dental implants practice providing natural-looking, comfortable tooth replacement. We make it our mission to use a gentle touch during the process.
We hold ourselves to the highest standards to replace missing teeth and provide you with natural-looking results. Our goal is to restore your confidence and your bright, healthy smile.
Fullerton area dentist Dr. Jerry Wu offers dental payment plans so you can afford the treatment you need. Just talk with our friendly team about your needs.
We'll be happy to work with you to find the solution that fits your situation. We're committed to making your oral health a reality.
Smiles By Design Orange Family
832 E Lincoln Ave
Orange, CA, 92865-1804
Brunell, David S D.D.S.
805 W La Veta Ave # 204
Orange, CA, 92868-3929
David R Crouch & Assoc
1500 E Katella Ave # B
Orange, CA, 92867-5087
Le Jr, Patrick K D.D.S.
146 S Main St # M
Orange, CA, 92868-2861
A world of opportunities for dental health awaits us in the new dentistry. Using the old dentistry, dental care professionals did their best to provide a high quality of service given the state of knowledge and technology at that time.
Through advancements in treatment, research, and the desire of the dental care profession to do more and do it better, the new dentistry has emerged giving you a better smile. It is based on a foundation with specific characteristics that are of great benefit to us as consumers.
The dental profession has established a strong foundation for a pleasant smile and a healthy dental future for all of us. Dentistry improvements are continuously being made to this foundation. You can choose to avail yourself of these improvements by asking your dentist, "What can help me to maintain my dental health?" They have the knowledge and the desire to help you.
By Brian DesRoches, PhD
Patient comfort and care is a top priority for a sedation dentist. They recognize that dental anxiety or discomfort can be associated with some dentistry procedures. Fortunately, a variety of dental procedures using dental anesthetics are available to relieve both anxiety and discomfort. Talk with your dentist to find out which is right for you.
This is the most frequently used type of dental anesthetic for sedation dentistry procedures. Although often referred to as "Novocain," this once popular painkilling drug has actually been replaced by more effective anesthetics such as Lidocaine for a comfortable dental care treatment. It also works very well for temporary relief of a tooth ache.
However, the name has become so much a part of the American vocabulary, it's now used in generic terms. Prior to injecting the local anesthetic, the dentist often swabs a topical anesthetic over the injection site to prevent the patient from even feeling the needle.
Patients seeking comfortable dentistry can consult with their dentists to choose anti-anxiety agents either administered by mouth, inhalation or injection. Nitrous oxide, often referred to as laughing gas, helps to ease patient anxiety. The gas is inhaled by patients, inducing relaxation, so they can approach dental procedures with less stress.
This may be required for complex procedures or for dental patients with special needs. With the administration of general anesthesia, the patient is unconscious; with deep sedation dentistry or sleep dentistry, dental patients are deeply relaxed and not fully aware of their surroundings during their dental treatment.
Prior to treatment, your dentist will need to know a few things regarding your health history such as:
Some medicines may interfere with the efficiency of an anesthetic requiring an adjustment in your medication schedule. Your health history is very important information for the dentist. During the consultation, you can ask questions about any dental procedures that may be of concern during your dental procedure.
The drugs used as dental anesthetics are approved by the Food and Drug Administration and are safe. Anesthetic providers are professionals with a commitment to patient safety and comfort.
A dental anesthetic can be administered by a general dentist, a dental anesthesiologist or an M.D. Certification is required and is regulated on a state-by-state basis. Discuss sedation with your dentist at your next visit.
By Brian J. Gray, DDS, MAGD, FICO


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5 Marketing Ideas to Grow Your Plumbing Business
Marketing is important for all forms of businesses. It's one of the fundamental business process that any business should have. It is therefore very important to ensure that you have a sound marketing strategy and that you take it seriously.
This holds true even for a plumbing business, especially one that envisions to grow and expand. In order to help grow your plumbing business, here are 5 marketing ideas from us:
- Engage in social media
It is recommended that your business should have a presence on social media. Almost everyone is on social media, and these are people who all have potential plumbing needs.
By being active on social media, you help improve the brand awareness of your business, as well as enable you to reach out to existing and potential customers. You may also consider coming up with useful content that you can share on your social media accounts such as tips to prevent clogging your pumps and some DIY articles where you can then interject that you can come in as professional help.
In summary, social media is a great marketing platform that even plumbing businesses can tap to boost their marketing strategies.
- Be the "Local Plumber Near Me"
Local businesses that can be found on Google Maps are more likely to appear on the first page of a search engine's results page. This is in line of Google's personalize algorithm, making sure that searchers can find service providers that are near their location.
With this knowledge, you should ensure that your business can be located on Google Maps. You should also list your information such as name, address, and phone number. The same information should also be presented on Google My Business.
Finally, you should also ensure that when you come up with web content, don't forget to include keywords regarding your location.
- Create appealing videos
For both your site and on your social media accounts, sharing videos is a good idea. A video is considered a highly-engaging form of content, and has the potential of conveying your message better than textual content.
Coming up with helpful videos related to plumbing is highly recommended. You can share basic maintenance of pipes, or about various materials used in pipes. When customers find that you are very knowledgeable on plumbing, you will be a resource not only of information, but also of services that are beyond their capacity.
Sharing videos is a great way to have your company's name out there, improving your brand awareness, and ultimately leading to customer loyalty.
- Foster Online Reviews
A growing plumbing business needs to provide a way for clients to provide feedback in the form of reviews. This can help the business in two ways.
First, an honest customer feedback helps the business understand how they are really performing. Not all reviews would be positive, and when there are negative reviews, these serve as a reminded that there's a need to improve. A business needs to understand its shortfalls before it can grow to be successful.
The other way is that reviews help build trust on your business. Providing a way for potential clients to see how actual clients asses your business show that you are transparent. Potential clients also need the account of those who had an experience with your service to help them decide if they should also avail of your service themselves. If you have lots of positive reviews, then a potential client would definitely try your services as well. But don't curate reviews. If there are negative feedbacks, show other clients how you resolved the issue and you'll still be getting the results you need.
Indeed, fostering online reviews can help a growing business, and it should not be left behind on one's marketing strategies.
- Build an Email Marketing List
Despite the prominence of social media marketing, email marketing still has a place in this world, and it is still very much effective. It is therefore really important to build a mailing list.
Make sure that you make an effort to get the email addresses of your clients. You may also ask potential clients that are visiting your site to provide their email addresses. Don't require this though as doing so may prevent them from continuing to visit your site.
With a decent mailing list, you then have a chance to do the following email marketing campaigns:
- Informative pieces such as tips and guides related to plumbing
- Sales promotions such as discounts
- Inviting them to plumbing-related activities such as exhibits
There's really a lot you can do with email marketing so make sure that you build your mailing list.
Grow your Plumbing Business through Marketing
Marketing is indeed a business process that should not be taken for granted, especially for one that desires to grow. We have shared some tips on how your plumbing business can boost your marketing strategy, which can then help ensure that you can achieve your goal to grow. A simple plumber online advertising campaign, when done correctly, can help put you one step closer to reach your growth objectives.
The post 5 Marketing Ideas to Grow Your Plumbing Business appeared first on Blogtrepreneur – For Busy Entrepreneurs.


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Benjamin RodrickProduct Design BSc
- If you would like to contact Benjamin Rodrick please email email@example.com with a note of your interest.
Made in Brunel 2013
Improving Grip Strength and Hand Stamina within the Competitive Mountain Biking Industry
The cycling industry is a diverse platform for developing new products and integrating alternative materials. Unconventional materials offer properties that cannot be matched by traditionally applied technology. In this project, piezoelectric energy harvesting materials and electrorheological (ER) fluids are experimented with to revolutionise and accelerate the future progressions of cycling products. The principle of the project is to develop a cycling glove that recovers residual energy and converts it into an active gripping force to help maintain a safe grip. In doing so, the cyclist is given additional security and durability; allowing them to continue cycling for longer and harder, offering a competitive advantage.


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Providing optimized solutions for your mine, one-stop service for mineral processing plant!
Xinhai mineral processing equipment mainly include: grinding equipment, flotation equipment, dewatering equipment, magnetic separation equipment, and so on. Some of the equipment is Xinhai independent research and development, and has been awarded national patent. View details
Gold CIL (Carbon in Leach) Process is an efficient design of extracting and recovering gold from its ore. By cyaniding and carbon leaching crushed gold ore slurry simultaneously, CIL process lower the gold mining operation cost and increase gold recovery rate to a degree of 99%. View details
According to the complex and changeable market situation in home, Xinhai Mining ...
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Xinhai hydraulic motor driving center thickener is a thickener with center hydraulic driving and hydraulic automatic rake lifting, which is a new type of thickener modified by Xinhai on the basis of central transmission thickener. Its precipitation area is up to 28-1590m2 and the internal diameter reaches 100m. It is also the largest thickener in China at present.
The thickener is also composed of transmission device, dosing device, electric control device, bridge frame, feeding tube, cloth barrel, fixed barrel, shaft, scraper, short rake, long rake, hanger rod, maintenance hanger and other parts, no difference with ordinary thickener. But the difference is, Xinhai specially addes hydraulic station, its hydraulic drive is equipped with overload protection function; besides, its innovative core PLC automatic sensing pressure sensor signal device realizes hydraulic automatic lifting and lowering rake; What's more, It can adjust the speed of the rake frame by adjusting the amount of oil discharging from the pump, then achieve the best working condition. At the same time, Xinhai hydraulic motor driving center thickener is also equipped with automatic dosing system.
On the working principle, Xinhai uses the flocculant technology. The pulp is directly conveyed to the thickener area, then formed into filter bed in the pool. Those unflocculated fine particles will be rushed to the top, and collides with the particle on the filter bed, then sinks with other particles under the effect of flocculant. Besides, the flocculant is easy to make the particle conglomerate, speed up the settlement of the underlying, reduce the concentration of upper overflow, so the unit processing capability is large, which is around 8 times than that of transmission thickener.
In the innovation of thickening equipment, Xinhai is serious! Not only the thickener, Xinhai has also made many inventions and innovations in other mineral processing equipment. If you want to know more about thickener or other mineral processing equipment, welcome to consult!
There are many types of ball mill with patents in Xinhai, such as energy-saving ball mill, rod mill, autogenous mill, overflow type ball mill, cylinder energy-saving overflow ball mill, vertical ball mill. ... [more]
Over the past 19 years, CHINA MINING has witnessed the ups and downs of the global mining industry. Now, it has become an important weather vane for indicating the development of the mining industry. ... [more]
Please leave your message here! We will send detail technical info and quotation to you!
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Fax: 0086 10 59621207
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Factory Address: No. 188, Xinhai Street, Fushan high-tech industrial development district, Yantai, Shandong, China
© 2017 Shandong Xinhai Mining Technology & Equipment Inc. Technical Support: Beijing Xinhulian Technology Co., Ltd.
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