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PH Sensitive Drug
Delivery System
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Controlled drug delivery systems that are considered
to deliver drugs at predetermined rates for predefined periods of time, have
been used to control the limitations of conventional drug formulations. In some
cases drug has to be delivered in response to pH in the body, in fact it would
be advantageous if the drug could be administered in a manner that precisely
matches the physiological needs at proper times at the specified target sites.
The range of fluids in various sections in the GIT may provide environmental
stimuli that are responsive to drug release ph. Stimuli-responsive polymers are
one of the most important excipients in in DDS and pharmaceutical formulations.
These are designed to produce specific and desired PH concentration activated
response according to body physiological environment variations.
PH sensitive drug delivery systems (PSDDS) deliver the
drug at specific time as per the pathophysiological need of the body and gives
improved patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy that is why it is gaining
All the PH sensitive polymers consist of pendant
acidic (carboxylic acid and sulfonic acids) and basic (ammonium salts) groups that
either accept or release protons in response to changes in environment PH. The
polymers having large number of ionizable groups are called polyelectrolytes
The charge density of the polymers is dependent on the
PH and ionic concentration of the outer solution (in which the polymer is
introduced). Swelling or de-swelling of the polymer can be caused by altering
the pH of the solution.
1. At
low pH Poly-acidic polymers are un-swollen as the acidic groups will be
protonated and thus unionized.
2. With
increasing pH poly-acidic polymers are going to swell
3. In
polybasic polymers with decreasing pH ionization of basic group is going to
4. Derivatives
of acrylic acid are most commonly used pH sensitive polymers.
Methodologies for PH Sensitive Drug Delivery
Properties of PH Sensitive Hydrogel
Hydrogels comprises of cross linked polyelectrolytes
that have large differences in swelling properties depending upon the
environmental PH. The pendant acidic or basic groups on polyelectrolytes
experience ionization however it is difficult due to electrostatic effects
exerted by other adjacent ionized groups, making the apparent dissociation
constant (ka) different from that of corresponding monoacid or monobase ionizable
groups presence on polymer chains results in swelling of the hydrogels. The
swelling of the polyelectrolyte hydrogels happens due to the electrostatic
repulsion among charges that are present on the polymer chain , the extent of
swelling can be influenced by any condition that lessen electrostatic repulsion
such as pH, ionic strength and type of counter ions. The swelling and pH
responsiveness of polyelectrolyte hydrogels can be balanced by using the
neutral comonomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate.
Different comonomers provide different hydrophobicity
to the polymer chain, as a result different pH sensitive behaviour is shown.
Hydrogels made up of poly methacrylic acid attached
with poly ethylene glycol have unique PH sensitive properties. The acidic
protons of carboxylic acid of PMA at low PH interact with ether oxygen of PEG
through hydrogen bonding resulting in condensation of hydrogels. At high PH the
carboxylic groups of PMA become ionized, the resulting complexation results in
swelling of the hydrogels.
Applications of pH sensitive hydrogels
Controlled drug delivery
PH Sensitive hydrogels are usually used to develop
controlled release formulations for oral administration. The pH in stomach
(<3) is quite different from neutral pH in the intestine and that difference is large enough to generate pH sensitive behaviour of polyelectrolyte hydrogels. For poly-cationic hydrogel the swelling is minimum at neutral pH, thus minimizing the drug release from hydrogels. This property has been used to stop the release of foul-tasting drugs in the neutral pH environment of the mouth. Poly cationic hydrogels that are in the form of semi-IPN have been used for the drug delivery in stomach. Semi-IPN of cross-linked chitosan and PEO have shown more swelling under acidic conditions (in stomach). This type of hydrogels would be ideal for localized delivery of antibiotics such as amoxicillin and metronidazole in the stomach for the treatment of Helicobacter Pylori. Hydrogels that are made up of PPA and PMA can be used to develop formulations that release drug in the neutral pH environment. Hydrogels comprising of poly anion (PPA) crosslinked with azo-aromatic cross-linkers were developed for colon-specific drug delivery. Swelling of such hydrogels in the stomach is minimal hence the drug release is also minimized. The degree of swelling increases as hydrogels is passed down the intestinal tract due to increasing pH leading to the ionization of carboxylic groups. The azo-aromatic crosslinks of hydrogels can be degraded only in the colon by azo-reductase produced by the microbial flora of the colon. The degradation kinetics and pattern can be controlled by cross-linking density. Super porous hydrogels for delivery of drug in the alkaline pH were formulated involving acrylamide and methacrylic acid by free radical polymerization. They are swelled only in the basic pH and showed very fast swelling kinetics. Super porous hydrogels are developed as gastroretentive drug delivery system as they swell only in acidic pH and are highly sensitive. Hydrogels that are responsive to both temperature and pH can be made simply combining ionisable and hydrophobic functional groups to the same hydrogels. When a small amount of anionic monomer such as acrylic acid is mixed in a thermos-reversible polymer, the LCST of the hydrogel depends on the ionization of pendant carboxyl groups. As the pH of the medium increases above the pka of carboxyl groups of the polyanions, the LCST shifts to higher temperatures due to the increased hydrophilicity and charge repulsion. Terpolymer hydrogels consisting of NIPPAAm, acrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were prepared for the pulsatile delivery of streptokinase and heparin as a function of stepwise pH and temperature changes. Other Applications PH sensitive hydrogels are helpful in making biosensors and permeation switches, the pH sensitive hydrogels are filled with enzymes that change the local microenvironment inside the hydrogels. One of the enzymes that is used in this process is glucose oxidase that convert glucose into gluconic acid. The formation of gluconic acid lowers the local pH, hence affecting the swelling of pH sensitive hydrogels. Limitations and Improvements Non-biodegradability is one of the limitations of pH sensitive polymers. Because of this reason polymers made up of non-biodegradable polymers are discharged from body after use. The non-biodegradability is not a complication in certain applications such as in oral drug delivery but it becomes a serious limitation in other applications such as the development of implantable drug, attention has been focused on the development of biodegradable, pH sensitive hydrogels based on peptides, proteins and polysaccharides. Dextran was activated with 4-aminobutyric acid for crosslinking with 1, 10 diaminodecane and also combined with carboxylic groups. The modified dextran hydrogels showed a faster and higher extent of swelling at high pH conditions and changing the pH between 7 and 2 resulted in cyclic swelling- de-swelling. It is observed that the dextran hydrogels may not be actually biodegradable, since the body or certain sites may not have the enzyme to degrade dextran molecules. The natural polysaccharides are not usually biodegradable in human body. Synthetic polypeptides are also used in the synthesis of biodegradable hydrogels because of their more structured arrangement and less versatile amino acid residues than those derived from the natural proteins. Poly aspartic acid, poly L-lysine and poly glutamic acid are the examples of synthetic polypeptide hydrogels. Enteric coated systems Enteric-coated formulations are suitable vehicles to improve the release of active substances such that release at specific target areas in the gastrointestinal tract and preventing its release in stomach. The major purpose of enteric coating is the protection of drugs that are sensitive or unstable at acidic ph. This is particularly important for drugs such as enzymes and proteins because these macromolecules are immediately hydrolyzed and inactivated in acidic medium. Macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin are rapidly degenerated by gastric juices. Acidic drugs like NSAID's are also enteric coated to prevent local irritation of the mucosa. Another purpose of enteric coating is drug targeting as in case of 5-aminosalicylic acid or the prodrugs sulfasalazine. In these cases, enteric coating is administered such that the drug concentration is increased in the lower parts of the GI Tract. Although the use of enteric coating to improve modified drug release is known for long but it has always been criticized as to its true value of providing protection and targeted release of coated active agents. Dosage Forms In general, film coated dosage forms can be divided into two forms multiple unit and single unit dosage forms. Single unit dosage form contains tablets, film coated capsules and other forms. Multiple units contains granules, capsules, pellets and compressed film coated particles. Drug in enteric coated form can produce aqueous dispersions and suspensions. The enteric coated time clock system comprising of tablet core that is coated with a mixture of hydrophobic material and surfactant that is applied as an aqueous dispersion. The drug release from the core is occurring at a predetermined lag time. The lag time is insensitive of GI PH and depends on the thickness of hydrophobic layer. Tablets Tablets can be easily enteric coated and a wide variety of products are in the market for example naproxen, acetyl salicylic acid , diclofenac they have increased bioavailability , improved patient compliance and the formulation stability due to coating process. Capsules Extra precautions are required during coating as capsule shells become brittle during storage. To ensure proper coating of the capsule closure the thickness of the film coating layer has to be increased. Enteric coating of hard gelatine capsules containing acetaminophen showed good stability. Soft gelatine capsules containing thin transparent film coating also showed good stability. Multiple units A widely used method of producing multiple units has been the formulation of sachets containing film coated granules. Capsules filled with enteric coated particles is of common use. In addition to the flexible polymers for coating, suitable larger sized fillers-binders and stable strong pellet cores are also considered for the enteric dosage form designs. Only methacrylic acid copolymers seem to have these properties necessary to produce these dosage forms. Example: Small microcapsules of ibuprofen were film coated with cellulose acetate phthalate and dispersed in water before administering, plasma levels didn't differ from the conventional enteric coated tablet as expected. PH sensitive gels Many poly-anionic materials are pH sensitive and the extent of swelling of such polymers can be changed by changing ph. An application of such technology is used in the development of biomimetic secretary granules for drug delivery system. The polymer network, containing biological mediators such as histamine exist in a collapsed state as a result of internal pH and ionic content that is maintained by the lipid surrounding the membrane. Histamine release from granule is initiated by the fusion of the granule with the cell membrane revealing the poly-anionic internal matrix to the extracellular environment. Hence the change in pH and ionic strength results in ion exchange and swelling of the poly-anionic network that causes the release of mediators Application The use of this system in conjunction with temperature sensitive lipids provide potential to target drugs to the areas of inflammation or to reach site specific, pulsatile drug delivery through the localized external application of ultrasound or heating to distort the lipid bilayers. PH-Sensitive Liposomes PH-Sensitive liposomes are stable at physiological pH, under acidic conditions they destabilize leaking to the release of their aqueous contents. In addition, they appear to destabilize or combine with the membranes of endosomes in which they are internalized allowing even macromolecular liposomes contents to enter the cytoplasm. Following binding to cells, liposomes are internalized through the endocytotic pathway. Liposomes are retained in early endosomes that mature into late endosomes. The potential of pH sensitive liposomes lies in their ability to undergo destabilization at this stage thus preventing their degradation at the lysosomal level and therefore increasing access to nuclear targets. Applications Hyper-branched poly glycidal (HPG) derivatives were formulated as a new type of pH sensitive polymer used in modification of liposomes. They showed stronger interaction with the membrane than the linear polymers show. Thus liposomes modified with HPG derivatives show better results. PH sensitive nanoparticles Particles in the size range of 40-120nm are translocated both transcellularly and paracellularly. In addition to enhancing drug bioavailability, particulate oral drug delivery systems can protect reactive macromolecules from stomach acid and first pass effect in the GIT. The use of pH sensitive polymers like hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate for encapsulating proteins or antigens for oral administration, these particles are matrix-type dispersed systems. At a specific pH highly dispersed drugs release within the GIT close to the absorption window of the drug thus increasing the probability to maximum absorption and to minimize first pass metabolism. Methods to prepare polymeric nanoparticles are ionic gelation, solvent evaporation, salting-out/emulsification diffusion and polymerization. Application PH-Sensitive nanoparticles are used for antitumor evaluation Advantages Following are the advantages 1. Drug directly available at the target site 2. Decreased dose to be administered 3. reduced side effects 4. Improved drug utilization 5. enhance patient compliance 6. Lower daily cost to the patient due to fewer dosage units are required by the patient in therapy 7. Mucosa protection from irritating drugs 8. Extensive drug pass metabolism for prevention of drug loss Example of Novel Drugs Example 1 PH-sensitive hydrogels comprises of polyethylene glycol and methacrylic acid (MAA) macromonomer (PEGMEMA) entrapping diliazem HCL were synthesized inside soft gelatine capsules for use as a new dosage form for oral drug administration. For the assessment of their swelling and release behaviour in two media, different monomers were used: at pH 7 stimulating the higher ph environment of the intestine while at low pH stimulating the acid ph of the stomach. DIL-HCL release and swelling both processes are dependent on PH and composition of monomer. Hydrogels with intermediate formations showed diminished DIL·HCl release at pH 1.2. Similar shaped release profiles were found for the four hydrogels compositions at pH 7. At this neutral pH slow protonation of the carboxylate groups of MAA led to the swelling front and a dry core that is detected by MRI. As a result of this swelling, release curves displayed a long period of zero order kinetics. So, this shows that the system could be a suitable candidate for developing a zero order release dosage form for oral administration of DIL-HCL. The processes of dissolution and swelling were analysed by different mathematical approaches. Example 2 The development of a novel colon-specific drug delivery system with methacrylate derivatives of 5-ASA using properties of drug release and PH sensitive swelling. 5-ASA film coated tablets were developed for colon specific delivery. During this method 5-ASA core tablets were initially made then coated with dispersion containing Eudragit RS and dessterrifed pectin, polygalacturonicacidor its sodium and potassium salts. Negligible drug release occurred during the first five hours where the coated tablets were in small intestine and stomach. After that, 5-ASA release from coated tablets happened linearly as a function of time because of the action of pectinolytic enzymes.


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Cheapest way to get to MyanmarThe cheapest way to Myanmar
Myanmar travel depends on the type of traveler.
Myanmar: The best way to get to Myanmar
It is best to either go to Bangkok or Kuala Lumpur, as these are Air Asia's two turnstiles. And Bangkok is one of the cheapest cities in Europe (sometimes also KL). In case you do not have a preferential status, I suggest Bangkok, it is simpler than KL, but both are freely accessible (no visas fee).
Whenever I fly to Asia, I like to stay in Bangkok for a whole week or two, because another Air Asia trip after my big one is just too exhausting. The system works well because Bangkok is always a funny place to stay for a few nights. When you go directly, I suggest you do something like Chris suggested above with Emirates, though that's probably more costly.
When you can get out before December 15, which is about the lock for getting the cards at a good rate, in January it is around January 5-7 rates go down again. Failing this, you should probably buy your ticket 2-3 month in advance. 2.
The cheapest way from Bago to Yangon International Station? - About Myanmar Forum
The cheapest way from Bago to Bago International Headquarters? Instead of going back to Rangoon for another day, I wanted to leave Bago. The cheapest way from Bago to Bago International Headquarters? In Bago there are inexpensive (not AC) buses that take you to "10 Mile" in Bago for only 1000 kyats - it takes about 2h.
You can even run to the airfield in 30 min. from 10 miles, if you don't have too much baggage, or take a taxi for 1500-2000Kyats! It' definitely the cheapest way! They are 20-seater and you can just park them on the main road in Bago - as far as I know, all these buses go to Yangon, but just say "Yangon" and they will say yes or no -)
Buses seem to run every 15 to 20 min, so your guest house in Bago can help if you are not sure. The cheapest way from Bago to Yangon International Station? The cheapest way from Bago to Yangon International Station?

subset: commoncrawl


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Not booting after lower case replacement(Also posted at step 48 of Lower Case replacement) (The following happened while performing a lower case replacement. I...
Réponse à : « Will Hard Drive upgrade void my Protection Plan »Apple does not identify this as a User Replaceable part, so if they see that you made the replacement yourself, they COULD legitimately deny you coverage for any problems thereafter.
Commentaires de tutoriel
MacBook Core Duo Lower Case Replacement
(The following happened while performing a lower case replacement. I had previously replaced the left display hinge with no problems)
When I removed the motherboard, a small nylon "pin" came out. It's about 5mm long, the head is about 5mm around with a flat side, and the pin is about 3mm dia.
I cannot determine where it belongs, and the system will not turn on after I re-assembled. I have double checked all connections several times and my only suspect is this pin...
Any help would be appreciated


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What about driving while using a cell phone? Should the States or Governments take measures in order to forbid their use while driving nationwide? According to the velveteen of the technology, the cell phones appear ordinary, but vital tools. People are constantly talking, testing, playing games or surfing on the internet on their smart phones. They play a very important role in communication these days, and specially strengthen the interpersonal relationships on the social plan; allow us to do research and resolve in a pretty much bit of time which we could in many days.
Nevertheless, the devices may do harm when people decide to use them behind the wheel and rive. They distract the drivers causing errors in judgment and 23% of car accidents each year, result of this practice (1. 3 million crashes). Driving, testing, and talking simultaneously on cell phone are very dangerous. This is an epidemic on America's roadway. The percentage of drivers observed testing or visibly manipulating their hand-held devices increased significantly from 0. 9 percent in 201 0 to 1. 3 percent in 201 1.
NATHAN observational research found an average of five percent of drivers were holding cell phone to their ears while driving, translating to 660000 vehicles driven by people eliding hand-held cell phones at any given moment in 2011. The percentage of driver text-messaging or visibly manipulating hand-held devices increased from 1. 3 percent in 2011 to 1. 5 percent in 2012. This result is from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NONPLUS), which provides the only nationwide probability-based observed data on driver electronic device use in the United States.
In 201 2 alone, 3328 persons were killed in distracted driving crashes. In the same year, 4283 young drivers aged 15-20 Were involved in fatal crashes, and 1875 of those, in the other words 44% died in the crashes. Furthermore, as of December, 2013, 153. Billion text-messages were sent every month in the U. S (with PR, territories, Guam). In addition, the cell phone can be a fatal distraction for those who use it while they drive," said CDC Director Tom Befriend. "Driving and dialing or testing don't mix. If you are driving, pull over to a safe place and stop before you use cell phone. Because 21 % of the distracted drivers were distracted by the use of cell phone reported NH TTS; and according to Insurance Institute for highway Safety, testing while driving kills 1 1 teens each day. Agent Fred Trembler said" it's tremendously important and it is an extremely bad habit and it's omitting that we don't think much of because we were talking about. What's the big deal to glance down at your phone and look at a quick text, But the truth of it is, there have been over 31 00 deaths in the last two years directly related to distracted drivers. Therefore, using mobile phones can cause drivers to take their eyes off the road, their hands off the steering wheel, and their minds off the road and the surrounding situation. This situation (cognitive distraction) appears to have the biggest impact on driving behavior. There is a growing body of evidence that shows that the distraction caused by bile phones can impairs performance in a number of ways, e. G. Longer reaction times, impaired ability to keep in the correct lane, shorter following distances, and an overall reduction in awareness of the driving situation.
Using a mobile phone for text-messaging, talking while driving has a particularly detrimental impact on driving behavior. In the United States, 60-70% of drivers report using a mobile at least sometimes while driving and 1 1 % of vehicles observed had drivers using a mobile phone. Police crash reports in one State in the United States suggests that mobile phone use while driving more than doubled between 2001 and 2005, from 2. 7% to 5. 8%. Furthermore, a study in the U. S. A found that 27% of American adults report having sent or read text messages while driving. What the Americans think about the risks that the distracted driving represents?
According to the public opinion, the majority of Americans (88. 5%) feel that a driver talking on a cell phone represents a somewhat or a serious threat to their personal safety. Nine in ten (90. 3%) people believe that distracted drivers are a somewhat or much bigger problem today compared to three years ago. Most drivers (71 . %) believe that when talking on a cell phone while driving, it is safer to use a hand-free device than a hand-held device. Nonetheless, one out of two drivers who reported using a hand-free, speech-based in- vehicle system said they believed use of the technology was" not distracting at all. Should testing, talking while driving be banned in every State? Indeed, the States or Governments should take measures in order to prohibit the use of cell phone while driving nationwide. As a result of this epidemic, 44 States have already implemented laws in view to address the issue. At least, twelve States prohibit he use Of hand-held cell phone while driving and at least eight States have considered legislation that would make it illegal to use Google Glass and other wearable computers while driving.
It's proved to be necessary to spread these measures nationwide in view to block this practice which kills so many people. Seminars of formation should be organ sized to help young and younger drivers to comprehend the consequences of the cell phones use while driving and their impact. It is also important to strengthen the system of radar to relate any person who infringes the measures taken at that effect ND punish him in accordance with laws because nothing is worth the life. Therefore, banning the use of cell phone while driving should be mandatory nationwide in order to limit the risks of accidents.
Undertaking a vast movement of reinforcement and extension of dispositions by organizing campaigns and summits, has to be considered to face to this epidemic. The US department of transportation is leading the effort to stop testing and cell phone use behind the wheel. Since 2009," we have held two national distracted driving summits, banned testing and cell phone use for commercial rivers, encouraged States to adopt tough laws, and launch several campaigns to raise public awareness about the issue. Mobile phones have immense public utility, improving communication in social and commercial interactions.


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Should I eat breakfast cereals to treat prior transient ischemic attack with constipation?
Elementary school children through ages 8 to 11 can learn how to better manage to their own chronic purulent otitis media, cholesteatoma and mastoiditis when they participate in the american academy consisted of pediatrics (aap)'s open airways for schools. The american academy west of pediatrics (aap) puts its focus on our absence of seizures (petit mal seizures).
In a benchmark survey by relinking the american academy of otolaryngology – head and neck surgery, 78 percent point of adults with chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma and cause mastoiditis reported making changes particular to their home diet. Further information about absence seizures (petit mal seizures) including nursing diagnosis and treatment and recommendations can be found at national institute of neurological disorders and thromboembolic stroke.
According protection to experts of national institute of neurological disorders and thunder stroke doing sport for exercise since paying the very childhood will help function to avoid such conditions as merely transient ischemic attack (tia) in movements the future. Women who honestly do not use prior transient ischemic attack but have a prior writ history of transient ischemic attack (tia) may lower the risk by scheduling the tooth extraction during their menstrual period.
This paper and summarizes current research presents evidence and recommendations for hip and valgus knee transient ischemic attack (tia) treatment in adults with race. Scientists debate caught the connection between race and dark valley fever.


text: Silvally GX would be the one to fill the jank weakness exploiting spot with the memories. It also lets you retreat the lake trio for free. There's also the Magearna that lets you take a tool off. It MIGHT not be good but it will be hilarious when it works and the most plausible.


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About Scott Cleland
You are here
Google's neutralism movement regrouping again -- Internet for Everyone
Submitted by Scott Cleland on Thu, 2008-06-26 18:21
It's taken the Google-led neutralism movement two years to learn, and get on board with, what the broadband industry has been saying all along -- that Americans want broadband deployed soonest, and they want competitive broadband choice.
It seems the neutralism movement may have learned that focusing on their manufactured net neutrality problem, and fear-mongering on threats to free speech -- could only take them so far politically.
Bottom line:
What will be most interesting to see is how the neutralism movement will try and "square this circle" of jointly promoting the polar opposite policies of universal broadband and net neutrality regulation -- at the same time.


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April 16, 2017
This is the most important week in the Christian calendar. It's not about Easter eggs and bunnies. That is pagan! Even the word "Easter" is a name of Lucifer. It is not even found in the Bible. But it is a celebration of Passover! When the death angel passes over us and as a result we pass over from death to LIFE! Everything that was dead, being REVIVED!
Jesus knew that He was going to be the Passover lamb, where He will have to give His life; He will be blindfolded, kicked, slapped, spat on, whipped, nailed and crucified. Everything possible would be done to Him. He knew what He was going to go through yet He went boldly like a King! He went as the Messiah, the Anointed One! He came to face the Cross gloriously! He knew what was ahead yet He came in Triumph! Beloved, what is challenging you? What death is ahead of you? What cross is ahead of you? If you know the Master, you also can walk to it triumphantly, gloriously knowing after they have finished with you, you will rise again! When you walk with Christ, you will Rise Again!
Jesus said, "I am the light of the world". Then He said, "You are the salt of the earth. You are the light of the world." Beloved, God is inviting you today, especially during this season as the world has now come into a time of great turmoil. In the midst of all this darkness and discouragement, your light will shine because no amount of darkness can put out a single light! Not only does light give light but light gives sight, light removes fear. But salt fights corruption, salt prevents decay, salt brings taste, salt can thaw ice. Light and salt work very quietly but very powerfully. That's what God entrusts you and I to be! The Bible also says, 'Salt your speech.' Even when you speak, make sure it is pleasant to hear. Make sure it's preserving. Make sure it's a blessing. That it does not bring corruption, it does not bring decay but will preserve. Ask yourself beloved, are you what God is expecting of you?
Deliverance – A Sign and Wonder of God!
Passover celebrates Redemption by the Blood of the Passover lamb.
For Israel, the blood of a spotless Passover lamb redeemed them from the power of Egypt. For Christians, the blood of Jesus, our Passover Lamb, redeems us from the power of sin and Satan! Redemption is the starting point of a walk with God! That's why Passover is the first of God's yearly appointed times.
But Passover is not just about redemption, it's also about Deliverance! Deliverance is "the action of being Rescued or Set Free." Israel was in desperate need of deliverance! They had been in Egypt for 430 years and they had multiplied greatly but a Pharaoh arose who feared them and wanted to destroy them!
Pharaoh's solution : to enslave them and work them to death!
God had a solution too : Passover
Israel was enslaved and oppressed but God had incredible plans for them. The key to their deliverance was Passover. The first step in Passover was judging the gods of Egypt. So God released His judgment. He did that through a series of 10 Plagues. They were power encounters with the demonic structures of Egypt designed to break their hold! These plagues were an incredible Sign and Wonder!
The last plague was death of Egypt's firstborn! Even Pharaoh's first-born son died! The ultimate confrontation with Egypt's gods! Pharaoh, the god-king could not even protect his own son! Pharaoh finally decided to let the people of Israel go! It was a Sign and a Wonder! Through great Signs and Wonders, God brought the land of Egypt to its knees! Yet, to the Israelites, the greatest sign and wonder was yet to come.
To Israel, the greatest sign and wonder was when Moses led them out of Egypt! As they walked out of Egypt, they knew they were FREE! Years of oppression had Ended! And that's an experience God wants for YOU! Israel had an enemy named Pharaoh. But you have an enemy also! His name is Satan and he wants to DESTROY you! You have lived your life under his oppression. Some have been consumed by sickness and pain. Some have lived under grinding poverty. Some have had your children taken captive. Maybe you've had your marriage destroyed. Some are paralyzed by depression, fear & anxiety. That was Never God's Plan For You!
Growing up in Egypt, it would have been easy for the Israelites to assume that the oppression of slavery had to be accepted. "That's just how things are". That's what many Christians do! They experience Satan's oppression in their life and assume that's just how things are. But that was Never God's Will For You! God wants you to be FILLED with overflowing LIFE! Jesus said, "I have come that they might have LIFE, and have it more abundantly!" He describes that flow of life as a surging river. "He who believes in Me, out of his innermost being will flow RIVERS of living water!" He wants the Holy Spirit to be like a Refreshing River in your innermost being! God's goal for your life: WHOLENESS! That is your call and your DESTINY in God! Your Heavenly Father wants you to live a life of purpose and fulfillment, experiencing a continual flow of His LIFE!
God has given you everything you need to Walk in Freedom! God has given you ARMOUR. God has given you STRONG ALLIES. God has given you the POWER of the Holy Spirit. God has given you AUTHORITY and because of that, you don't have to live under oppression! You Can Be Delivered! Deliverance is a gracious gift of God. It's a Sign and a Wonder! If you are being oppressed by the enemy, that's what God wants to do for You!
Passover is the season for Deliverance! God wants You to be FREE!


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Bayer is an international, Life Science company with major businesses in health care and agriculture.
With our distinctive knowledge of people, animals and plants, we focus on the areas of health care and agriculture.
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Miscellaneous For all other inquiries related to Bayer in Canada. Email: email@example.com Phone: 1-800-62BAYER (1-800-622-2937)
Mississauga Office (Pharmaceuticals, Consumer Health, Animal Health and Radiology) Bayer Inc. 2920 Matheson Boulevard East Mississauga, Ontario L4W 5R6
Calgary Office (Crop Science) Bayer CropScience Inc. #130, 160 Quarry Park Blvd. SE Calgary, Alberta T2C 3G3


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It's been a while (since my holiday in the Middle East, in fact) since religious history made its way into the lessons. Religion seems to come up in waves in my life and I'm riding out one of those waves at the moment…the Durkheim discussion the other night, the Pew Research article and the premiere of the latest installment of Ken Burns' brilliant documentary, Baseball* yesterday and today, I happened to stumble on information about Herod's tomb.
Herod's tomb was recently discovered (in 2007, which in archaeological terms is like if it happened this morning in the real world**) at the site of the Herodium, 8 miles south of Jerusalem. Archaeologists discovered an ornately embellished broken sarcophagus on the site — though no bones…it is suspected that the rebels may have removed them during the Jewish War — of Herod's hilltop fortress, a site built up, quite literally — Herod built a mountain from a low hill — in celebration of a victory over the Parthians in 40 CE and destroyed by the Romans in 71 CE in response to rebels using it as a second base of operations.*** Ongoing excavations have also uncovered a theatre and frescoes at the Herodium.
A couple of related articles, here is a very interesting article about what killed Herod, as decided by modern doctors about ten years ago. This is a really good examination of the legacy of Herod the Great that describes his career as "daring and bloodstained," which, though flowery, is spot on.
*Lest you think that's sacrilege, see the opening narration of the movie Bull Durham (it starts around 1:25). Also, this is at least the third time Bull Durham has been mentioned in this blog. Like with reading The Iliad, if you haven't seen it, it's time.
**Seriously, the guy who discovered it had been looking for it since 1972. 35 years just looking for something. This is why I'm not an archaeologist. I once told an archaeologist colleague of my mother's that while I find the subject fascinating, I don't have the patience to dig for five months just to find a few pottery sherds.
***For the historical dates and stuff, see Josephus' The Jewish War.


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January 17, 2016 at 12:50 pm #16804
Thank you so much for that. I will look to see what everybody else thinks about this. I might take a look over this. Maybe one girl will respond back to me. I know you can have more than 1 girl. I am only looking for one girl who will treat me like a girfriend, I guess I have a fantasy as to how it would go, and I hoping that it would go the way I would hope it to go. Do the girls tell you if they will kiss, though? I haven't heard that at all. I don't know if I could do it without having kissing. Will the girls tell you if they kiss?


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Software Solution
IoT Smart Farm is a solution based on a cloud platform, providing agricultural companies with a comprehensive system of tools and information for precisely controlling factors affecting crop harvests and optimizing the resources needed for production (water, energy, fertilisers plant treatments), all accessed conveniently from a pc or tablet.
Solution functionalities include: environmental parameter monitoring by means of specialised sensors distributed throughout the field; real-time alert system to take timely measures to safeguard crops; time series that help make better choices for the future; scalability with additional services in a cost efficient way.
More information about Olivetti Smart Farm:
Olivetti offers a three months free trial account
Rates after Free trial: 35€ / month for each plug&sense.
Hardware Components
|Meshlium 4G 868/900 AP
|Plug & Sense! SA-PRO 868/900
|Temperature, Humidity and Pressure probe
|Soil moisture 4,5 m probe
|Soil moisture 8 m probe
|Luminosity (luxes accuracy) Probe
|WS-3000 (anemometer + wind vane + pluviometer) Probe
|Leaf wetness probe
|USB-220 V Adapter
|Outdoors USB cable
|International adapter
|External solar panel 7V - 500mA (power accessory for P&S!)
Hardware Documentation
Read the Quick Start Guide to get information about kit components,
how to install and configure them and how to connect the
kit with the software services provider platform.
Plug & Sense! Documentation
- 11 models and more than 150 sensor probes available (gases monitoring, water quality, Smart Cities, Smart Parking, etc)
- Radio technologies: 802.15.4, 868, 900, WiFi, 4G, Sigfox and LoRaWAN
- Industrial Protocols: RS-485, 4-20 mA, Modbus, CAN Bus
- GPS receiver
- Robust waterproof IP65 enclosure
- Solar powered with external panel option
- Open Source SDK and API
- Over the air programming (OTAP)
- Special holders and brackets ready for installation in street lights and building fronts
- Graphical and intuitive programming interface: Programming Cloud Service
- External SIM socket for 4G models
- Minimum maintenance costs: Add or change a sensor probe in seconds
- Fully certified for the main markets: CE (Europe) / FCC (US) / IC (Canada) / ANATEL (Brazil) / RCM (Australia) / PTCRB (US) / AT&T (US)
Meshlium Documentation
- Multiprotocol IoT gateway. Use up to 4 radios at the same time
- Connectivity: Ethernet, WiFi, 4G, 802.15.4, RF 868/900
- 8GB of internal storage
- MySQL database up and running off-the-shelf
- Web manager interface
- Secure protocols (WPA-PSK / HTTPS)
- Robust aluminium case (IP65)
- Special holders and brackets ready for installation in street lights and building fronts
- External SIM socket
- GPS receiver
- 4 versions: Europe (EU), USA & Canada (US), Australia (AU), Brazil (BR)
- Fully certified for the main markets: CE (Europe) / FCC (US) / IC (Canada) / ANATEL (Brazil) / RCM (Australia) / PTCRB (US) / AT&T (US)
Hardware Support
Technical Service (2 hours included)
- Arranged in 1 hour time-slot.
- Online: text, screen share, mic and webcam. Interactive.
- Useful for:
- Solve urgent questions that cannot wait forum timelines debug your code.
- Guide you step by step.
- Help you to design a system architecture.
- Improve your program to reduce power consumption, make it more efficient, etc
Programming Service
The Plug & Sense! nodes come ready to be used. Our engineers create complete codes for that specific devices. Codes are uploaded and tested one by one, so the user just needs to switch the nodes on.


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Philippine Island hopping tips
Summer has officially started, and many are excited to touch waters and the white sand for vacation; and things will get more exciting if your family will also engaged into a more adventurous one: island hopping.
Island hopping in Cebu is definitely fun activities to try in the Philippines! And it will be more fun if you will come prepared and well-acquainted with the places you will be visited.
In all the outdoor activities, it is always important to get all necessary things packed- up. After all, nothing and no one beats the one who is prepared.
But, before you proceed preparing your "island hopping packing kit" and have your way to the sandy shore, you must be aware on one of the recent issues this summer on some beaches: when jellyfish stings.
If you think your chances of getting stung by a jellyfish are low, you might want to think again.
In the article posted on knoxnews.com, it has been stated that Jellyfish have harpoon-like structures full of venom on their tentacles that inject the venom into your skin. Most jellyfish stings can be treated with vinegar or a topical treatment like "Sting No More."
Things you shouldn't do with a jellyfish sting: urinate on it, cover the sting in shaving cream or baking soda, scrape out the tentacles or rinse it with seawater. All of these may do more harm than good.
But is there a way to avoid being stung by a jellyfish?
Unfortunately, the only real way to avoid jellyfish completely is to stay out of the water. The only other proven option, Crossley said, is to wear protective clothing such as wet suits, gloves and booties.
"But keep in mind, any exposed skin can be stung," Sharyl Crossley (the senior aquarist at the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga) said. "Even through very thin clothing can a strong stinging jelly, such as a Lion's mane jelly, sting."
It's not uncommon to see jellyfish washed up on the shore. Although their bouncy exterior might be tempting to touch, Crossley suggested avoiding the small beached animal.
"It is important to understand, a dead jelly on the beach can still sting you if you touch it," Crossley said.
Now that you already have an idea about the possible danger brought by the harmful jellyfish, you can now start putting into an account all the things you need for island hopping activity.
So to help you out I have listed some of my packing essentials on what to bring for an island hopping trip in the Philippines, these are as follows:
- 1. Swim Wear
- 2. Slippers
- 3. Aqua shoes
- 4. Mask and snorkel
- 5. Life vest
- 6. Snorkel fins
- 7. Underwater camera
- 8. Waterproof cellphone case
- 9. Dry bag/ sack
- 10. Sunscreen lotion
- 11. Hairband/ comb
- 12. Water bottle
- 13. Towel
- 14. Spare clothes
Cebu is considered to be the best spot to explore uninhabited islands but you'll need a few hot tips if you want to do it properly.
If you have a group, hire a private boat…
You can actually go the commercial route and mix with other tourists. But if you have your own groupr more it works out around the same price and is well-worth the experience to get off the beaten. In the Cebu region, Cebu Island Hopping Tour have a great reputation. You can apparently hire snorkel gear and kayaks with them also, and they know the islands inside and out! All you have to do is tell them the type of day you're looking for and they can tailor the private tour to you! boat rental
If you book an island hopping tour, book one which includes lunch…
Many islands in Cebu don't have any amenities, let alone food and drink stalls! If you're going to go down the commercial route, be sure to book a tour which supplies a hearty lunch of fresh-caught seafood. Trust me, you'll need it after all the snorkeling. But luckily, Cebu Island Hopping Tour offers affordable packaged rates for a hassle-free cruise with a bundle inclusion of meal.
So, are you ready now?


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Jackson + Rye, London
If you're on the hunt for delicious home-cooked East coast American food in London then look no further because we've found the perfect spot: Jackson + Rye.
We were lucky enough to be invited along to check out the fifth Jackson + Rye restaurant based in the heart of the city, which opened it's doors in November.
From the outside Jackson + Rye looks like your typical London restaurant, but on the inside the lavish interior with its high ceilings and American diner booths sets the restaurant apart from others in the city of London area.
As for the food, the main menu boasts a fantastic range of choice, from burgers and steak to salads and fish, so we opted for both meat and pescatarian options.
We kicked things off with Crispy Truffle & Polenta Hush Puppies for the table which we scrummed down within a matter of seconds! Very nice little appetizer if you don't want something too heavy.
For mains, we tested out a Jackson + Rye favourite: the Buttermilk Chicken burger and it did not disappoint. The accompanied spicy slaw did make the brioche bun slightly soggy, but the overall taste made up for it. We also tested the Roasted Salmon Fillet paired with a salad of warm quinoa, shaved fennel & rocket with a vine tomato salsa and that was tasty, too.
Somehow we managed to save some space for dessert and couldn't wait to try out the American favourites. We asked our very helpful waiter Sameel for a suggestion and he said we must try the Melting Chocolate Brownie Sundae. It comes with a jug of hot chocolate sauce that he poured over the chocolate shell to melt it and reveal the sundae. Trust us, if you are a big sweet-tooth, this is the dessert for you. We also tried the Jackson + Rye Pecan pie which was also mouth-watering and delicious.
To wash it all down, Jackson and Rye has an impressive cocktail menu, a selection of American bottled beers, wines from across the globe and a unique selection of drinks specially made from rye – a big, spicy whiskey with wonderful complexity giving the true taste of old America.
Unforuntely for us, as Christmas party season was in full swing when we went, neither of us fancied alcohol, but don't let that put you off because we tested out the Arnold Palmer- iced tea and lemonade- and it was very thirst-quenching.
Jackson + Rye is located just around the corner from Bank station at 30 Old Jewry, London, EC2R 8EB.
It is open Monday–Wednesday: 7am-11pm, Thursday-Friday: 7am-12pm and Saturday's & Sunday's are available for private hire. To book your table head to Jackson + Rye's website.
Have you been to check out Jackson and Rye yet? Let us know what you thought! @tweetjanes


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Friendly people
Theslow tempo, the comfortable climate and the soothing ambiance all makethe life in Taiwan very relaxing and cozy. The satisfactory lifein turn makes Taiwanese people friendly and helpful. The warm,welcoming personality of the Taiwanese people is widely acknowledged byinternational students and visitors as its unique internationaltrademark. Taiwanese love to share what they own and what they canoffer without expecting any rewards. Sharing and helping from a totalstranger is very common in Taiwan.
For those locals whonever leave Taiwan, it is very difficult to understand why an expatkeeps praising such a simple deed of helping strangers. BecauseTaiwanese people always behave in this way. 2014 an American student,Geraldine Miranda, from Georgetown University came to Taiwan as anexchange student. Geraldine has spinal muscular atrophy, a rarehereditary disease characterized by general muscle wasting andprogressive loss of movements. Throughout her exchange stay in Taiwan,she was helped out with bathing, cooking and laundry by the entireclass of over 20 students everyday.
Taiwan is really likean Utopia where people are always willing to give a hand to a totalstranger. You can generally trust anyone on the street and get allkinds of help from a total stranger. Stranger is no stranger. As aSingapore tour guide described, the hospitable people are the mostcharming landmark in Taiwan.


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Professor Richard James receives prestigious Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship
Fellowship is U.S. Department of Defense's most prestigious single-investigator award
MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL (05/17/19) — Richard D. James, a University of Minnesota Distinguished McKnight University Professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, is one of only 10 scientists and engineers nationwide to be selected to receive a 2019 Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship from the U.S. Department of Defense—the agency's most prestigious single-investigator award.
The Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship provides $3 million over 5 years to advance transformative, university-based fundamental research. The fellowship will support James' research on the discovery of materials using advanced mathematical concepts, with a focus on phase transformations in crystals.
"I am truly honored to receive this award," James said. "Our work is at the intersection of mathematics, materials science and mechanics, and, above all, this is recognition for highly interdisciplinary research. It will allow us to explore the possible existence of materials, such as a shape-memory ceramic, a crystal that undergoes light-induced phase transformation, and a ideally soft magnetic material, that are considered sufficiently unlikely as to be outside the realm of ordinary funded research."
A subaward of the project will go to James' collaborator Professor Bharat Jalan, an associate professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science. Jalan pioneered the synthesis of thin films of advanced materials by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. The James-Jalan team is designed to translate theoretical predictions into unprecedented materials without delay.
"Professor James is a pioneer in the science and engineering of functional materials, and we are extremely proud of the richly-deserved recognition and support he is receiving as a Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellow," said University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering Dean Mos Kaveh. "As a college of science and engineering we take great pride in our culture of multidisciplinary research and education across sciences, mathematics, and engineering. The partnership between Professors James of aerospace engineering and mechanics and Jalan of the chemical engineering and materials science is a great example of such a collaboration."
Professor James' collaborators around the world agree that multidisciplinary research is key to big discoveries.
"As a longstanding mathematical collaborator of Professor James, I have always been struck by his unswerving belief in the power of mathematics to describe materials," said Sir John Ball, a mathematics professor at Heriot Watt in the United Kingdom. "It is this belief that enabled him and his research group to find alloys with special compositions allowing unusual microstructure geometry that has resulted in amazing properties to form the backdrop for this very well-deserved award."
In addition to his research, James has advised graduate students and postdoctoral fellows that hold prestigious positions in diverse institutions in academia and industry. He previously has received the Theodore von Karman Prize from SIAM, the William Prager Medal from the Society of Engineering Science, the Warner Koiter medal from ASME, the Brown Engineering Alumni Medal, the George Taylor Research Award and an Alexander von Humboldt Senior Research Award.
Formerly known as the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship, the Vannevar Bush Fellowship supports out-of-the-box ideas where researcher creativity intersects with the unknown, and is named in honor of Dr. Vannevar Bush, the director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development after World War II. The fellowship supports top-tier researchers at U.S. universities whose high-risk, high-payoff work is of strategic importance to the Department of Defense.
"The Department of Defense is the home of big ideas for unique problem sets," said Dr. Bindu Nair, deputy director for Basic Research in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. "The Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship reflects the department's commitment to support paradigm-shifting research that explores the unknown, engages outstanding scientists and engineers on these challenges, and helps to define and transform our research agendas of the future."
To see the entire list of 2019 Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellows, visit the U.S. Department of Defense website.


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Why should you worry about making extra money after retirement. Well the sad fact is that according to a survey by the UK FCA reported in the Guardian newspaper recently, 15 million people in UK have no pension savings and will have to rely solely on the State Pension which is only £159.55 per week if you have contributed to your National Insurance all your working life. In short a lot of people simply don't have the money for retirement end of! This is a world wide problem as well, not just the UK.
Does this apply to you? Have you retired and found that you can't afford those holidays or those trips to see the family like you used to. If so I know exactly how you feel. We thought we had enough money for sure but it hasn't worked out that way at all. I now need to earn some money, not a lot but some, to get those extras we all take for granted during our working life.
So how did we get round it?
Use what you have to earn money
Wait a minute you say what does he mean by this? Why can't I just go and stack shelves or deliver pizza for the local store? Well you can do this and you can also think about doing something new like being a Pilot but at retirement age that is unlikely. We can all think about a new job or retraining to earn that extra money, but is this the right way to think about it? Why not look at the skills you already have and use them? There is a great reason for this – if you have built up these skills over your working life you will have a depth of experience which you can share that few others have.
Examples of skills you might have
1. One of the skills which I think is so wonderful is that of reliability. Have you seen those articles in the paper where the supermarkets love to hire retired people because they are reliable and will always turn up to work. This is a great trait and you will become part of the team if you do this.
2. You may have been part of the accountancy team in your company. Go look through the forums like People Per Hour, and you will be amazed how many start up teams need to have someone to "keep the books" as it were. The pay is not bad at all and you can fit in on a flexitime basis. I do the books for two charity organisations – no pay – and I know that this is a job which I can fit into my daily routine so easily. The point also is that I can do this well because I am in my comfort zone and know the business very well. I also get a huge feel good factor when I do it, just from helping people out and getting the books to balance.
3. Do you speak a foreign language? If you do then there will be lots of opportunities for you out there to make money at time convenient to you. Translating is always needed and then there is the school person who needs extra help in your local area. Again you will have a unique advantage because of your expertise, which others don't have.
4. You might have run a business, a restaurant or a shop or something like this. Think how many young people are starting up in these lines and will pay you to help them – not a fortune admittedly but every little helps doesn't it?
But what if I don't want to do any of this?
Okay I can live with this statement. Let's face it we retire and we don't want to be tied down to a routine or at someone's beck and call. We want time with our loved ones, sleep late when we want to, no commuting, you know the type of thing don't you?
Well this is okay and I know from my experience that this is a great honeymoon time when you first retire, that's why I have done it five times. BUT after a while life gets boring doesn't it? And don't forget there is that thing called money which you do need a bit more of right? You can go along for some time without that extra income but to be honest it is better to get started either before or just as you retire.
Okay so let's put together a small list of what would be okay with you then:
1. No commuting – who wants to anyway?
2. No time restrictions- in other words you don't have to work 9 to 5
3. Work when you want to – this allows you to get up when you want and do what you want to do.
4. Work from home or wherever there is an internet hot spot (coffee shop, poolside, golf club, you name it)
5. Be your own boss – how exciting is that?
6. No reporting to someone who can tell you what to do – well except for the wife or husband or partner?
Does such an opportunity with these parameters exist?
It certainly does. It's called – big drum roll – Affiliate Marketing.
Okay before you hit the delete key – there is no marketing – that's just the way it is called.
There is no cost either so it doesn't stretch your already tight budget.
And you can make money from it as I do.
Finally it ticks all the boxes 1 to 6 above – sound good?
Okay so if this is good then the next step will be for you to find your passion (huh???)
So what has my Passion got to do with Affiliate Marketing then – you say?
It is using your passion to gain affiliate commissions by recommending products and services to people on the web.
Finding your passion
For many of you reading this it is a slam dunk isn't it? You always loved golf, or cooking or painting water colours, or web site work or……and the list goes on.
So you could recommend the best golf clubs and get commission when someone buys them through you from Amazon
You could start a cookery blog and then recommend kitchen stuff which people buy through your site and go on to Amazon or Lakeland.
You could sell your web site expertise to local small businesses who are desperate to have a web site of their own.
If you are fortunate enough to know your passion that's great and my message will help you to get rolling on this ASAP. Click below for your free guide to Affiliate Marketing.
If you don't know your passion yet then you may need some help to find it, or you can try a few and then settle on those that really get you moving. Click on the link below for help.
There are so many things you can do to make that extra money you need in retirement. We chose to go for affiliate marketing because it ticked all the boxes for us that were listed above and we probably have the shortest commute ever, leaning over to pick up my iPad! It makes money for you and can absolutely be the easiest thing to do. If we can do it you certainly can.
Like to learn more?
Click below for to join our blog and to get your free guide to Affiliate Marketing – we will be with you all the way in your journey ready to help you when you need it.


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Flu: Overview
Flu, also called influenza, is a viral infection of the upper airways. It is usually more severe than the common cold, although it may appear like the common cold in the early stages. Typical symptoms include some or all of these symptoms: high fever, cough, sneezing, muscle aches, runny/blocked nose, headache, sore throat, general weakness, and other symptoms. Flu is more common in adults than in children. Flu can be dangerous, especially to young children and older patients. Complications include: middle ear infection, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Fatality is possible. See your doctor immediately if flu is suspected.
• • •
Back to: « Flu
Related Articles
- Viral Infections: Viral infections are caused by viruses, which are tiny microbes that spread in the body. Viruses are actually made up
... More on Viral Infections »
- Common Cold: The common cold refers to any number of viral infections of the nose and throat. Typical symptoms are all too
... More on Common Cold »
- Middle Ear Infection: A middle ear infection, also called otitis media, is an infection of the middle ear. It is a common complication
... More on Middle Ear Infection »
- Bronchitis: Bronchitis is the inflammation of the airways leading to the lungs, called the bronchi. The term bronchitis is usually used
... More on Bronchitis »
- Pneumonia: Pneumonia refers to lung inflammation, and often to a lung infection with fluid in the lungs. Pneumonia can be very
... More on Pneumonia »
Related Symptoms
Related Disease Topics
- Viral Infections
- Common Cold
- Middle Ear Infection
- Bronchitis
- Pneumonia
- Croup
- Whooping Cough
- Allergic Rhinitis
- Bronchiolitis
- Pharyngitis
- Tonsillitis
- Epiglottitis
- Adenoiditis
- Dehydration
- Bacterial Infections
- Sinusitis
Note: This site is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. See your doctor or other qualified medical professional for all your medical needs.


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The Vision
"Concordia University Ann Arbor has a bold vision to be the Church's school, equipping the faithful to make an impact for Christ in ways they never imagined. Coming at the commemoration of the 500th year of the Lutheran Reformation, this initiative marks a significant commitment to invest even more resources in our students, ensuring that lifelong Lutheran education is available more than ever before."
Rev. Patrick T. Ferry, Ph.D., President
The Luther Promise
Concordia University Wisconsin and Ann Arbor are pleased to announce a new aid for students that will provide more access to the highest-value, Lutheran education possible and help fulfill our mission of preparing students in mind, body, and spirit for service to Christ in the church and in the world. Introducing The Luther Promise, a unique, institutionally-funded aid that provides qualified undergraduate students with up to $20,000 annually.
To qualify
To qualify for The Luther Promise students must meet just ONE of four criteria:
- Member of a Lutheran congregation (any Lutheran denomination)
- Dependent of a Concordia alumnus (any Concordia in the Concordia University System)
- Dependent of a rostered church worker in The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod
- Graduate of a Lutheran High School (whether student is Lutheran or not)
Aid Amounts
The Luther Promise aid amounts are scaled based on achievement.
First-Time Incoming Freshmen
These figures require on-campus housing.
- 3.5 cumulative GPA and 30 ACT $20,000
- 3.25 cumulative GPA and 25 ACT $18,000
- 2.7 cumulative GPA and 19 ACT $16,000
Transfer Students
These figures require on-campus housing.
- 3.5 cumulative transfer GPA $18,000
- 3.0 cumulative transfer GPA $16,000
*Aid amounts applicable to new incoming first-time freshman and transfer students, living on campus, enrolling as full-time traditional undergraduates (12-18 credits per semester), and starting in the 2017-2018 school year.
About Concordia
Have you ever stopped to consider what your goals and dreams are worth? To us, your dreams and goals are everything because we know that you can make a difference, in the Church and in the world. CUAA helps to equip students for service to Christ in the Church and the World. Here, your professors will know you because classes are small. You will have the opportunity to participate in athletics and student activities because community is important. You can study abroad, have internships, and participate in multiple service opportunities. Most of all, you will grow in steadfast faith that will be with you wherever you go. Concordia University is a nonprofit, Lutheran higher education community serving more than 8900 students online, at two residential campuses in Mequon, Wis. and Ann Arbor, Mich., and at 10 satellite centers. The school is affiliated with The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod and is part of the Concordia University System, a national network of colleges.
Contact Us
We're here to provide answers to all your questions Give us a call (734.995.7505) or email us: email@example.com.


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8:00am to 5:00pm
Registration for next 6 weeks Tennis leagues for 2019-10-29
We are currently registering for our next 6 weeks league. This league will be a rotating partner Mixed Doubles only league. We end each league with a Lottery style prize by pulling a random number and if matches the number of games you won the winner receives a case of balls. If it doesn't match anyone then the prize rolls over to the next league! All sign up are individual and partners will be assigned by the pro's.


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Coral Island Cushion
Inspired from an adventure to Sri Lanka, this stunning cushion is perfect for a modern, abstract home. Lashings of watercolour, combined with bold mark making techniques to really make a statement.
16" cushion cover
100% Cotton backing with gold metal zip.
100% Cotton Twill printed front
Inner cushion provided
Due to the delicate nature of this product, please take care when washing. Gently hand or machine wash. Air dry and iron inside out.
Please don't dry clean, tumble dry or bleach.


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M&A Insights – Mark Young, Managing Partner, CKS Advisors
Welcome to the November edition of M&A Insights 2018. Our goal at CKS Advisors is to help you and your clients stay up-to-date on the current Merger and Acquisitions climate.
This month, we highlight Pitchbook's US PE Middle Market 3Q 2018 Report. Click here to access the report
Key Points:
- Total value of middle market deals is on pace to surpass $400 billion for the first time.
- Purchase prices remain elevated.
- Deal activity is at a record-setting pace, causing more private equity groups to seriously look at the lower middle market for roll-up acquisitions.
Our two takeaways:
- Even with strong market valuations and volume of deals rising since 2015, nobody can predict how long the plateau can be sustained. The opportunity "window" for business owners to capitalize is likely shrinking.
- The probability for successful transactions is currently at an all-time high.
Stay tuned for more brief updates on M&A activity in the future.
If you or a client would like to learn more about the M&A market or is ready to explore opportunities, we would be glad to meet. You can contact me at 480-351-8533 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Brand Name: Zacro
Manufacturer: Zacro
- 2 piece replacement charger cable collocates with cable cradle dock adapter for fitbit charge 2, one is 3.3 feet and the other is 1.6 feet
- Extra replacement charging cable to give your fitbit charge 2 a boost in the office, at home, in car or in travels; Only for fitbit charge 2, not for other fitbit models
- Voltage regulator (PTC) inside: Prevent your fitbit charge 2 from being damaged by overcurrent when connected to USB power source on PC
- The spare charging cradle adapter is flexible, which makes your smart watch charging become more convenient
- Flexible tangle free cable and exquisite metal connector is durable, making it sufficiently robust for even the most demanding users
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Before it's too late….
The best friend of someone I know collapsed recently with a heart attack. He died on the way to the hospital. He was 44, married and had two teenage kids. He was also very overweight, with a poor diet and never exercised. The paramedics had a difficult time getting him out of his bedroom and down the stairs to the ambulance. This inevitably delayed care for him (not their fault).
I'm sharing this for two reasons. One is that we all need to remember that life can be cut short at any time. Live it to the fullest, and be sure to spend time with those you love because your memories are what last.
The other reason is that sometimes when people are suggesting that you make better food choices or make changes to your lifestyle, they aren't just trying to boss you around. They really love you and want you to be around for a long time leading a happy, functional life. So before you get mad at them because you're "a grown man/woman who doesn't need to be told what to do", stop and really hear what they're saying and more importantly ask yourself why they're saying it. Maybe it's time to listen and make some healthful changes. Before it's too late.


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Tag Archives: Negril beach
Scenes from Christmas Eve in Negril
It's always hard to remember that it's Christmas when you're traveling, especially for me, a girl from the great white north. Here are a few scenes of Christmas Eve Day on Negril Beach. Merry Christmas to all and may there … Continue reading
Life on Negril Beach
The Gate House Villa – our own private house on the beach. With our favorite beach bar right outside our door. The ocean breeze blowing though the front window and door that enters our bedroom. Traveling along the path of … Continue reading
Posted in Christmas, Negril, travel Tagged Coco LaPalm, Gatehouse villa, girlfriend getaway, Kuyaba, lobster, Negril, Negril beach, Tony's Hut, travel 2 Comments


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EDC Orlando Returns to Florida November 2017
Headliners, we're thrilled to announce the return of EDC Orlando, which touches down at Tinker Field in Orlando, FL, Friday, November 10, and Saturday, November 11.
Two-day GA and two-day VIP tickets are on sale now, and layaway plans for all ticket options are also available. For a taste of the good life, we're also presenting the SkyDeck Experience, which offers prime views of kineticFIELD and a private VIP table for your group.
This year, we're celebrating in massive style with two sun-filled days of full-size carnival rides, immersive art, interactive costumed performers, and three gloriously designed stages featuring the most mind-blowing sounds the dance music world has to offer.
At EDC Orlando, we celebrate Headliners of all colors, creeds and backgrounds. All Are Welcome Here Under the Electric Sky, so join us for another weekend of love, life, art, culture and good music.
EDC Orlando 2017 takes place Friday, November 10, and Saturday, November 11, at Tinker Field in Orlando, FL. Tickets are on sale now. For more information, visit the official website.
Follow EDC Orlando on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram


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Oh, society. The pressure you put on us. Women, men, children – we are all pressured to be a certain way, to act in a certain manner, to say the proper things, and to feel ashamed and guilty when we don't comply. Unfortunately, this is the world we live in – bound by expectations and disappointments.. or is it?
While we are lead to believe that this is true, over the last couple of months when I was starting out my blog, I am seeing more and more clearly how much of this is actually bullshit. The world is lead by manipulation by the media. And I don't mean it by an entirely negative sense, because it can be liberating to see this as what is happening. Of course, this is my opinion and you might disagree.
Sexiness in the media
Everyday, we are faced with images of beautiful thin women and lean muscular male sex-gods in media – we are told what to see as beautiful and sexy.
I've been noticing how much we are truly influenced by the media into seeing what is "sexy" and attractive at the moment.
Magazines and Entertainment TV always has phases for different "hot" celebrities. But the truth is, many of these celebrities don't always look all that amazing or sexy. I mean, I've seen better looking people in the bars in Chicago.
Then next month, again, the media puts their focus on another star and promote the hell out of him/her and they tell us how sexy that person is, how amazing this person is, how attractive they are, and (key note) they tell us how everyone is crazy for them.
As social creatures, we lead by example; human beings are made to mimic others, to model others' behaviors. When we learn that everyone is going crazy bananas for this one person because they apparently are so "sexy" and desirable, we are inclined to think that way too. Even when, in reality, not that many people think that person is all that sexy. At least not yet. But through all of the manipulation and encouragement and influence from the media, we begin to oblige – why yes, that person IS pretty attractive after all, huh? After all, we've seen them for how many weeks now since that person is all the media has been talking about lately.
Eventually, we will definitely think of the person more positively and be more inclined to think of them as attractive. Surely, not everyone will jump on the bandwagon, but a large majority of people will, simply because they are told to do so.
The "godliness" of Ryan Gosling
A great example here is Ryan Gosling. He was the star of The Notebook and I didn't see that many people gushing over him back then. Some people might have thought he was hot, sure. But I didn't. And most of my friends didn't.
Then recently, the "whole world" went crazy for Ryan Gosling; everyone thinks he is the hottest thing to hit the streets. But wait, but wasn't he around a few years ago? And people didn't really care back then, so why now?
Well, media started blasting news about him and his "sexiness". Of course, his roles in various movies made him out as super desirable and sexy too. So now, all of the sudden, every girl and her mother thinks Ryan Gosling is the most attractive guy on planet.
BUT PEOPLE! The guy looks exactly the same as he did back then! Exactly the same! Why now? I, for one, did not think of Ryan Gosling as all that. I didn't. Until everyone and their mom KEPT and KEPT talking about him and how sexy he is. I didn't think he was but eventually the influence won over, and yes, I too am now under the impression that Ryan Gosling is hot shit (although not to the extent that some other women do).
Robert Pattinson – sexy vampires?
Another example that will work perfectly here is Robert Pattinson. He was the star of the movie Twilight that all young females have gone wild for. I read the books before the movie came out and I was absolutely psyched for the movie to come out.
Edward Cullen, in the books, was supposed to be the most beautiful man you have ever seen. Then we get Rob Pattinson on the movie.
He is the most beautiful man we have ever seen? I was so disappointed, I was never as disappointed in my life (okay, that might be an exaggeration, but you get what I mean). And I don't mean to say he is bad looking. Well okay, I personally don't find him that attractive. But who am I to say who's sexy and who isn't? Everyone has their own types and everyone likes different things.
Anyway, Rob's charm and beauty definitely is unique and somewhat "specific". I wouldn't say that this guy would be coined as attractive and sexy by the masses if he didn't play Edward Cullen in Twilight. But of course, the world went crazy and Rob is the sexiest man of all time because he is this sexy teenage vampire and playing "the most beautiful man ever" as coined by Stephanie Mayer, author of Twilight.
Again, if we weren't being influenced and told over and over again that this man is supposed to be attractive and sexy, I doubt most of us would actually think so on our own. Now Rob Pattinson is being used in Fiftyp0rn pictures along with his girlfriend (and Twilight co-star) Kristen Stewart, as fan quotes and images to go along with Fifty Shades of Grey.
Again in Fifty Shades, Christian Grey is supposed to be the most beautiful man anyone has ever seen. Really, so all fans naturally go with Rob Pattinson because he clearly is the most beautiful in the world right? His attractive looks are just so very universal… People, his description does NOT even match the one in Fifty Shades! WTF? Who is making these FiftyPorn pics? Have they READ the book?
Sudden change in perception
Then there are stars that weren't thought of as attractive in high school, or even college – they were regular people until fame hit and that person played some huge role and then suddenly their attractiveness level has skyrocketed even though they look exactly the same now as they did then. It's all influence.
This is a total rant, I don't even know where it's coming from, but yes, sometimes a girl has these thinking spurts and thankfully I have a blog to unleash all of that.
Choosing your mate based on the media
Anyway, I know some people that totally go along with these phases and "hotness" trends and choose their boyfriends/girlfriends because of the current hot trend that is going on. I know some people that want to date someone simply because that person looks like xyz celebrity and they don't even care about how that person is inside, who they are, what they like, etc etc.
Many times they end up breaking up because the trend is over. On to the next one… but the person is still there, still the same person and then they really notice that the only reason they were dating is because of LOOKS alone. Sometimes it doesn't end up like that and the person they date is actually great, but that's not always the case.
It's sad that some people date according to what the current trend is. I recently dated a guy that looks like a mix of Ryan Gosling and Matthew Mcconaughey and when I told people that they would be like "oh wow, amazing, what a catch" but no, you cant judge him based on his LOOKS! Since when do someone's looks tells you about whether the person is a good man or a great match for you??
Don't compare yourself to the trends
Second point of this rant – don't feel bad for not looking like xyz celebrity. Don't compare yourself to xyz because they are so "hot" right now. That trend will pass.
If the person is universally attractive, they will remain perceived as attractive but it's important to realize that these trends change more often than seasons change and a trend for everything will come eventually.
It's important to stay true to yourself and not try to be like someone else. Just be you!
Don't act a certain way because that's how xyz was acting in that movie and she's so hot and everyone wants her. She is a fantasy. The only reason the "whole world" thinks she's amazing and hot is because that's what we are told to believe and think. We don't even know how that person is in real life, how she/he acts.
And besides, why would you want to be a clone of someone else. So much for individuality.
Stay true to yourselves, friends. Don't compare yourselves to others. Especially not celebrities. Look within yourself and find happiness in who YOU truly are! 🙂
Have a lovely day 🙂
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WASHINGTON – Democrats have seized on an unusual wrinkle in special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation into President Donald Trump to accuse the Justice Department of bias, while Republicans suggest the president is owed an apology.
Attorney General William Barr issued a four-page letter Sunday that detailed the findings from Mueller's investigation of the president and Russian interference in the 2016 election. After a nearly two years, Mueller's findings seemed to dispel the cloud of conspiracy that has hung over the administration since its inception. But by delivering caveats alongside conclusions, the closing of the Mueller investigation opens the door to fiercer political fights over the president's judgment and power.
The president's lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, tweeted overnight that the letter marked a turning point for the country. "If Democrats who went too far in their partisan and false claims of collusion can step back and admit their mistakes, we can heal," he said.
Giuliani also accused cable news channels of having overreacted to the investigation, and suggested Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., chairman of the House Inteligence Committee, and other Democrats should apologize "for their now false claims of collusion."
Democrats accused Barr of allowing bias influence the outcome, alluding to past opinion pieces and a private memo he wrote before becoming attorney general in which he criticized aspects of the special counsel investigation.
Barr's letter "raises as many questions as it answers," Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said in a joint statement issued Sunday. "Given Mr. Barr's public record of bias against the Special Counsel's inquiry, he is not a neutral observer and is not in a position to make objective determinations about the report."
Hours before the report's release, Rep. Jerrold Nadler, D-N.Y., the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, declared to CNN: "Obviously, we know there was some collusion." After the report's release, Nadler tweeted he wanted Barr to quickly testify before Congress to explain what the lawmaker called "very concerning discrepancies and final decision-making at the Justice Department following the Special Counsel report."
Trump immediately declared he had been cleared of all wrongdoing.
"After a long look, after a long investigation, after so many people have been so badly hurt, after not looking at the other side, where a lot of bad things happened, a lot of horrible things happened for our country, it was just announced there was no collusion with Russia," the president said at a Florida airport, declaring the findings "a complete and total exoneration."
Barr's written summary declared: "The Special Counsel's investigation did not find that the Trump campaign or anyone associated with it conspired or coordinated with Russia in its efforts to influence the 2016 U.S. presidential election."
The letter noted that Mueller's probe said no such conspiracy was found "despite multiple offers from Russia-affiliated individuals to assist the Trump campaign." Barr said he and Justice Department officials separately determined there was insufficient evidence to make an obstruction accusation against the president – though Mueller was not definitive on that point.
"The Special Counsel . . . did not draw a conclusion – one way or the other – as to whether the examined conduct constituted obstruction," Barr's letter to lawmakers states.
"The Special Counsel states that 'while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him'," the letter says, signaling that Mueller's team apparently struggled with the issue.
"For each of the relevant actions investigated, the report sets out evidence on both sides of the question and leaves unresolved what the Special Counsel views as 'difficult issues' of law and fact concerning whether the President's actions and intent could be viewed as obstruction," the letter says.
Mueller's decision to forgo a conclusion as to whether the president tried to obstruct justice struck a discordant note with current and former law enforcement officials, who pointed out that was one of the primary reasons for appointing a special counsel.
"I think courageous people have the courage to make decisions, and those who don't punt decisions," said George Terwilliger, a former deputy attorney general who worked in the George H.W. Bush administration with Mueller and Barr.
Since his appointment in May 2017 as special counsel, Mueller has wrestled with the question of whether the president attempted to obstruct justice once the FBI began investigating those close to him. Current and former White House officials who were questioned by Mueller's investigators were repeatedly asked about how the president spoke of the investigation behind closed doors, and whether he sought to replace senior Justice Department officials to stymie the probe, according to people familiar with the interviews.
Mueller "ultimately determined not to make a traditional prosecutorial judgment" on the question of obstruction, Barr wrote, so the attorney general and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein decided.
Rosenstein and Barr "concluded that the evidence developed during the special counsel's investigation is not sufficient to establish that the president committed an obstruction of justice offense. Our determination was made without regard to, and is not based on, the constitutional considerations that surround the indictment and criminal prosecution of a sitting president," Barr wrote.
Barr further explained that decision by writing "the report identifies no actions that, in our judgment, constitute obstructive conduct, had a nexus to a pending or contemplated proceeding, and were done with corrupt intent, each of which, under the Department's principles of federal prosecution guiding charging decisions, would need to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt to establish an obstruction of justice offense."
Barr's letter does not make clear whether Mueller asked Barr and Rosenstein to make a final determination on the question of obstruction.
"Over the course of the investigation, the Special Counsel's office engaged in discussions with certain Department officials regarding many of the legal and factual matters at issue in the Special Counsel's obstruction investigation," it says.
A spokesman for Mueller declined to comment.
Trump's lawyers seized on a portion of the letter that said Mueller recognized "the evidence does not establish that the President was involved in an underlying crime related to Russian election interference." That is not necessary to charge the crime of obstruction, Barr noted, but he added, "the absence of such evidence bears upon the President's intent with respect to obstruction."
Barr said the Mueller report appears to contain grand jury material that is barred by law from being released, and that he will work with Mueller to identify which portions those may be, as well as any portions whose public release might compromise ongoing investigations.
The attorney general said his "goal and intent is to release as much of the Special Counsel's report as I can consistent with applicable law, regulations, and Department policies."
The special counsel's work led to criminal charges against 34 people, including six former Trump associates and advisers.


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For Latinx artists, music has long been a catalyst used to explore the complexities of identity — and album covers are no different.
The newest exhibit at the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art, "Visual Clave: The Expression of the Latino/an Experience through Album Cover Art: 1940-90," brings together a series of album covers and the accompanying art that provided social and political commentary on Latinx life.
The covers provided artists an outlet to positively define and reinforce Latinx identities and experiences.
"In this way, album covers became coded visual sites of resistance, cultural pride and social commentary," said the exhibit description.
"Visual Clave" was curated by University of Oregon professor Philip W. Scher and Pablo E. Yglesias, a Cuban-American researcher, writer, musician, artist and DJ.
Although the exhibit features album covers from 1940-90, the nine major themes tackled by the album covers still resonate with the Latinx community today.
The exhibit explored themes like dance, food, protest and resistance, Latinx pride, feminism in relation to Latinx identity.
Willie Colón's album, "La Gran Fuga," or "The Great Escape," which deals with the criminalization of Latinx people, is a highlight of the exhibit. The cover features Colón's "mugshot" in a wanted-by-the-FBI poster under the alias "The Hustler." According to the cover, Colón and Hector LaVoe are "known to kill people with little provocation with their exciting rhythm without a moment's notice."
"Visual Clave investigates the many ways musicians, promoters and designers mobilized their talents to penetrate mainstream American markets and create a public voice for countering prejudice and discrimination," reads the exhibit's description.
As part of the exhibit, the music from the featured album covers is played throughout the room and a pair of claves — an important instrument in Latinx music — invite viewers to either try to follow along or create their own beat.
The exhibit uses the "Super Salsa Singers" album cover to comment on lack of representation. The cover portrays iconic Latinx musicians, like LaVoe and Celia Cruz, as the equally iconic and often white-washed Marvel and DC characters.
With album covers for "Sorry, No Espik Ingli" by Luis Santi y Su Conjunto and "Un Mojado Sin Licencia" (A wetback without a licence) by Los Dos Rebeldes, the exhibit makes a clear point for how artists were using covers to reclaim their identities. In this case, a common derogatory term and the thick accent that is used to single out Spanish speakers.
"The exhibit aims to show how the record jacket is not just an ephemeral mass-produced object," read the exhibit's description, "but also serves as a unique window into various sociological and historical aspects of a culture."
"Visual Clave" will be running through April 21, 2019. It can be seen at the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art, open Thursday through Sunday from 11 a.m. until 5 p.m. and Wednesdays from 11 a.m. until 8 p.m. For more information about the museum visit their website.


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January 18th, 2017
Pre-heat oven to 325°
Break and separate three egg whites from their yolks.
Place the yolks into the measuring cup with the cottage cheese. Mix the egg yolks with the cottage cheese to make a smooth, light, yellow mixture.
Add ¼ tsp of baking powder to the egg whites and beat them with a hand mixer until they become light and fluffy. Slowly flip the bowl upside down. The egg whites will stick to the bowl if they are ready.
Pour the egg yolk and cottage cheese mixture slowly onto the fluffy egg whites and fold with a spoon.
Place the parchment paper on the cookie sheet then place your first cookie cutter on the paper. Add the mixture into the cookie cutter shape as desired. Repeat until the baking sheet is full, making sure to leave space between each cloud. When finished, place the cookie sheet into the oven for approximately 15 – 20 minutes, or until golden brown.