text:
Studies on Hysteria (1955).
Editor's introduction and prefaces to the first and second editions.
The present translation by James and Alix Strachey of Studies on Hysteria includes Breuer's contributions, but is otherwise based on the German edition of 1925, containing Freud's extra footnotes. Some historical notes on the Studies on Hysteria are presented including Breuer's treatment of Fraulein Anna 0., on which the whole work is founded, and the case of Frau Emma von N. which was the first one treated by the cathartic method. It was through the study of the case of Frau Cacilie M. that led directly to publication of "Preliminary Communication". The bearing of these studies of hysteria on psychoanalyses is discussed. It is thought that the most important of Freud's achievements is his invention of the first instrument for the scientific examination of the human mind. In the years immediately following the Studies, Freud abandoned more and more of the machinery of deliberate suggestion and came to rely more and more on the patient's flow of free associations. Freud originated the technical developments, together with the vital theoretical concepts of resistance, defense, and repression which arose from them. Breuer originated the notion of hypnoid states, and it seems possible that he was responsible for the terms catharsis and abreaction. The second edition of Studies on Hysteria appears without any alterations, though the opinions and methods which were put forward in the first edition have since undergone far reaching and profound developments. The initial views are not regarded as errors but as valuable first approximations to knowledge which could only be fully acquired after long and continuous efforts.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter I. On the psychical mechanism of hysterical phenomena: Preliminary communication (1893) (Breuer and Freud).
A great variety of different forms and symptoms of hysteria which have been traced to precipitating factors include neuralgias and anesthesias of various kinds, contractures and paralyses, hysterical attacks and epileptoid convulsions, chronic vomiting and anorexia, etc. The connection between the precipitating event and the development of hysteria is often quite clear while at other times the connection is 'symbolic.' Observation of these latter cases establishes an analogy between the pathogenesis of common hysteria and that of traumatic neurosis and justify an extension of the concept of traumatic hysteria. It was found that each individual hysterical symptom immediately and permanently disappeared when the event by which it was provoked was clearly brought to light and when the patient described the event in great detail and had put the affect into words. The fading of a memory or the losing of its affect depends on various factors, the most important of these is whether there has been an energetic reaction to the event that provokes an affect. The memories correspond to traumas that have not been sufficiently abreacted. The splitting of consciousness which is so striking in the well known classical cases under the form of double conscience is present to a rudimentary degree in every hysteria. The basis of hysteria is the existence of hypnoid states. Charcot gave a schematic description of the major hysterical attack, according to which 4 phases can be distinguished in a complete attack: 1) the epileptoid phase, 2) the phase of large movements, 3) the phase of attitudes passionelles (the hallucinatory phase), and 4) the phase of terminal delirium. The psychotherapeutic procedure has a curative effect on hysteria: It brings to an end the operative force of the idea which was not abreacted in the first instance, by allowing its strangulated affect to find a way out through speech, and it subjects it to associative correction by introducing it into normal consciousness or by removing it through the physician's suggestion.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter II. Case histories: 1. Fraulein Anna 0. (Breuer).
The case history of Anna 0. is presented. Illness started at 21 years of age and the course of illness fell into several clearly separable phase: latent incubation; the manifest illness; a period of persisting somnambulism, subsequently alternating with more normal states; and gradual cessation of the pathological states and symptoms. Throughout her illness, Fraulein Anna 0. fell into a somnolent state every afternoon and after sunset this period passed into a deeper sleep or hypnosis called "clouds". During the 'other' states of consciousness (called absences) she would complain of lost time and of a gap in her train of conscious thought. If she was able to narrate the hallucinations she had had in the course of the day, she would wake up with a clear mind, calm and cheerful. The essential features of this phenomenon, the mounting up and intensification of her absences into her autohypnosis in the evening, the effect of the products of her imagination as psychical stimuli, and the easing and removal of her state of stimulation when she gave utterance to them in her hypnosis, remained constant throughout the whole 18 months during which she was under observation. The psychical characteristics, present in Fraulein Anna 0. while she was still completely healthy, acted as predisposing causes for her subsequent hysterical illness. One was her monotonous family life and the absence of adequate intellectual occupation which left her with an unemployed surplus of mental liveliness and energy, and this found an outlet in the constant activity of her imagination. The second characteristic was her habit of daydreaming which laid the foundation for a dissociation of her mental personality.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter II. Case histories: 2. Frau Emmy von N. (Freud).
The case history of Emmy von N. is discussed. On May 1, 1889, Freud took on the case of a woman whose symptoms and personality interested him so greatly that he devoted a large part of his time to her and determined to do all he could for her recovery. She was a hysteric and could be put into a state of somnambulism with the greatest ease. Delirium was the last considerable disturbance in Frau Emmy von N's condition. Hypnosis was used primarily for the purpose of giving her maxims which were to remain constantly present in her mind and to protect her from relapsing into similar conditions when she got home. The mildness of her deliria and hallucinations, the change in her personality and store of memories when she was in a state of artificial somnambulism, the anesthesia in her painful leg, certain data revealed in her anamnesis, her ovarian neuralgia, etc., admit of no doubt as to the hysterical nature of the illness or of the patient. The psychical symptoms in this case of hysteria with very little conversion can be divided into alterations of mood, phobias, and abulias. These phobias and abulias were, for the most part, of traumatic origin. The distressing effects attached to her traumatic experiences had remained unresolved. Her memory exhibited a lively activity which brought her traumas with their accompanying affects bit by bit into her present day consciousness.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter II. Case histories: 3. Miss Lucy R. (Freud).
At the end of the year 1892, Miss Lucy R. was referred to Freud by an acquaintance who was treating her for chronically recurrent suppurative rhinitis. She was suffering from depression and fatigue and was tormented by subjective sensations of smell. Freud concluded that experiences which have played an important pathogenic part, and all their subsidiary concomitants, were accurately retained in the patient's memory even when they seemed to be forgotten, when he is unable to call them to mind. Before hysteria can be acquired for the first time, one essential condition must be fulfilled: an idea must be intentionally repressed from consciousness and excluded from associative modification. This intentional repression is also the basis for the conversion, whether total or partial, of the sum of excitation. The sum of excitation, being cut off from psychical association, finds its way all the more easily along the wrong path to a somatic innervation. The basis for repression itself can only be a feeling of unpleasure, the incompatibility between the single idea that is to be repressed and the dominant mass of ideas constituting the ego. It was found that as one symptom was removed, another developed to take its place. The case history of Miss Lucy R. was regarded as a model instance of one particular type of hysteria, namely the form oft his illness which can be acquired even by a person of sound heredity, as a result of appropriate experiences. The actual traumatic moment is the one at which the incompatibility forces itself upon the ego and at which the latter decides on the repudiation of the incompatible idea. When this process occurs for the first time there comes into being a nucleus and center of crystallization for the formation of a psychical group divorced from the ego, a group around which everything which would imply an acceptance of the incompatible idea subsequently collects. The splitting of consciousness in these cases of acquired hysteria is accordingly a deliberate and intentional one. It was concluded that the therapeutic process in this case consisted in compelling the psychical group that had been split off to unite once more with the ego-consciousness.
Studies on Hysteria. (1893-1895).
Chapter II. Case histories: 4. Katharina (Freud).
The case history of Katharina, an employee at a mountain retreat that Freud visited, is presented. The girl approached him with a problem of an anxiety attack that had first appeared 2 years previously. Katharina realized that her uncle had been making advances to her and that he had also been involved with her cousin. It was hoped that she, Katharina, whose sexual sensibility had been injured at an early age, derived some benefit from the conversation with Freud. Katharina agreed that what Freud interpolated into her story was probably true; but she was not in a position to recognize it as something she had experienced. The case was fitted into the schematic picture of an acquired hysteria. In every analysis of a case of hysteria based on sexual traumas, the impressions from the presexual period which produce no effect on the child attain traumatic power at a later date as memories, when the girl or married women acquires an understanding of sexual life. The anxiety which Katharina suffered in her attacks was a hysterical one; that is, it was a reproduction of the anxiety which had appeared in connection with each of the sexual traumas.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter II. Case histories: 5. Fraulein Elisabeth von R. (Freud):
The case of Fraulein Elisabeth von R., a young patient of 24, who walked with the upper part of her body bent forward, but without making use of any support, is studied. The diagnosis of hysteria was proposed for the following reasons: 1) The descriptions and character of her pains were indefinite. 2) If the hyperalgesic skin and muscles of her legs were touched, her face assumed a peculiar expression, which was one of pleasure rather than pain. For a long time, Freud was unable to grasp the connection between the events in her illness and her actual symptoms, the obscurity due to the fact that analysis pointed to the occurrence of a conversion of psychical excitation into physical pain. It was thought that the conversion did not take place in connection with her impressions when they were fresh, but in connection with her memories of them. Such a course of events is not unusual in hysteria and plays a regular part in the genesis of hysterical symptoms. This assertion is substantiated by the following instances. Fraulein Rosalia H., 23 years old, had for some years been undergoing training as a singer, had a good voice, but complained that in certain parts of its compass it was not under her control. A connection was established between her singing and her hysterical paraesthesia, a connection for which the way was prepared by the organic sensations set up by singing. To rid her of this retention hysteria Freud tried to get her to reproduce all her agitating experiences and to abreact them after the event. Frau Cacilie M. suffered from an extremely violent facial neuralgia which appeared suddenly 2 or 3 times a year, and lasted from 5 to 10 days, resisted any kind of treatment and then ceases abruptly. Her case involved conflict and defense. The neuralgia had come to be indicative of a particular psychical excitation by the usual method of conversion, but afterwards, it could be set going through associative reverberations from her mental life, or symbolic conversion, in fact the same behavior found in the case of Elisabeth von R.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter III. Theoretical Section (Breuer): 1. Are all hysterical phenomena ideogenic?
It is not believed that all the phenomena of hysteria are all ideogenic, that is, determined by ideas. This theory differs from Moebius who defined as hysterical all pathological phenomena that are caused by ideas. Hysteria is regarded as a clinical picture which has been empirically discovered and is based on observation. Hysteria must remain a clinical unity even if it turns out that its phenomena are determined by various causes, and that some of them are brought about by a psychical mechanism and others without it. It seems certain that many phenomena described as hysterical are not caused by ideas alone. Even though some of the phenomena of hysteria are ideogenic, nevertheless it is precisely they that must be described as the specifically hysterical ones, and it is the investigation of them, the discovery of their psychical origins, which constitutes the most important recent step forward in the theory of the disorder. The concept of excitations which flow away or have to be abreacted, is fundamentally important in hysteria and for the theory of neurosis in general.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter III. Theoretical Section (Breuer): 2. Intracerebral tonic excitations-affects.
The 2 extreme conditions of the central nervous system are a clear waking state and dreamless sleep. A transition between these is afforded by conditions of varying degrees of decreasing clarity. When the brain is performing actual work, a greater consumption of energy is no doubt required than when it is merely prepared to perform work. Spontaneous awakening can take place in complete quiet and darkness without any external stimulus, thus demonstrating that the development of energy is based on the vital process of the cerebral elements themselves. Speech, the outcome of the experience of many generations, distinguishes with admirable delicacy between those forms and degrees of heightening of excitation which are still useful for mental activity because they raise the free energy of all cerebral functions uniformly, and those forms and degrees which restrict that activity because they partly increase and partly inhibit these psychical functions in a manner that is not uniform. The first are given the name of incitement, and the second excitement. While incitement only arouses the urge to employ the increased excitation functionally, excitement seeks to discharge itself in more or less violent ways which are almost or even actually pathological. A disturbance of the dynamic equilibrium of the nervous system is what makes up the psychical side of affects. All the disturbances of mental equilibrium which are called acute affects go along with an increase of excitation. Affects that are active, level out the increased excitation by motor discharge. If, how-ever, the affect can find no discharge of excitation of any kind, then the Intracerebral excitation is powerfully increased, but is employed neither in associative nor in motor activity.
1895 2/203
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter III. Theoretical Section (Breuer): 3. Hysterical conversion.
Resistances in normal people against the passage of cerebral excitation to the vegetative organs correspond to the insulation of electrical conducting lines. At points at which they are abnormally weak they are broken through when the tension of cerebral excitation is high, and this, the affective excitation, passes over to the peripheral organs. There ensues an abnormal expression of emotion with 2 factors responsible for this. The first is a high degree of intracerebral excitation which has failed to be leveled down either by ideational activities or by motor discharge, or which is too great to be dealt with in this way. The second is an abnormal weakness of the resistances in particular paths of conduction. Intracerebral excitation and the excitatory process in peripheral paths are of reciprocal magnitudes: the former increases if and so long as no reflex is released; it diminishes and disappears when it has been transformed into peripheral nervous excitation. Thus it seems understandable that no observable affect is generated if the idea that should have given rise to it immediately releases an abnormal reflex into which the excitation flows away as soon as it is generated. The 'hysterical conversion' is then complete. Hysterical phenomena (abnormal reflexes) do not seem to be ideogenic even to intelligent patients who are good observers, because the idea that gave rise to them is no longer colored with affect and no longer marked out among other ideas and memories. The discharge of affect follows the principle of least resistance and takes place along those paths whose resistances have already been weakened by concurrent circumstances. The genesis of hysterical phenomena that are determined by traumas finds a perfect analogy in the hysterical conversion of the psychical excitation which originates, not from external stimuli nor from the inhibition of normal psychical reflexes, but from the inhibition of the course of association. In all cases there must be convergence of several factors before a hysterical symptom can be generated in anyone who has hitherto been normal. Two ways in which affective ideas can be excluded from association were observed: through defense and in situations where the idea cannot be remembered such as in hypnosis or states similar to hypnosis. The latter seem to be of extreme importance for the theory of hysteria.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter III. Theoretical Section (Breuer): 4. Hypnoid states.
The basis of hysteria is the existence of hypnoid states. The importance of these states which resemble hypnosis, lies in the amnesia that accompanies them and in their power to bring about the splitting of the mind. [t must also be pointed out that conversion (the ideogenic production of somatic phenomena) can also come about apart from hypnoid states. True autohypnoses originating spontaneously) are found in a number of [fully developed hysterias, occurring with varying frequency and duration, and often alternating rapidly with normal waking states. What happens during autohypnotic states is subject to more or less total amnesia in waking life. The hysterical conversion takes place more ( easily in autohypnosis than in the waking state, just as suggested ideas are realized physically as hallucinations and movements so much more easily in artificial (non-spontaneous) hypnosis. Neither absence of mind (hypnoid state) during energetic work nor unemotional twilight states are pathogenic; on the other hand, reveries that are filled with emotion and states of fatigue arising from protracted affects are pathogenic. The method by which pathogenic autohypnosis would seem to develop is by affect being introduced into a habitual reverie. It is not known whether reveries may not themselves be able to produce the same pathological effect as auto-hypnosis, and whether the same may not also be true of a protracted affect of anxiety. The term hypnoid points to auto-hypnosis itself, the importance of which in the genesis of hysterical phenomena rests on the fact that it makes conversion easier and protects (by amnesia) the converted ideas from wearing away, a protection which ultimately leads to an increase in the psychical splitting.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter III. Theoretical Section (Breuer): 5. Unconscious ideas and ideas inadmissible to consciousness-Splitting of the mind.
Ideas that we are aware of are called conscious. A great deal of what is described as mood comes from ideas that exist and operate beneath the threshold of consciousness. The whole conduct of our life is constantly influenced by subconscious ideas. All intuitive activity is directed by ideas which are to a large extent subconscious. Only the clearest and most intense ideas are perceived by self-consciousness, while the great mass of current but weaker ideas remains unconscious. There seems to be no theoretical difficulty in recognizing unconscious ideas as causes of pathological phenomena. The existence of ideas that are inadmissible to consciousness is pathological. Janet regards a particular form of congenital mental weakness as the disposition to hysteria. Freud and Breuer say that it is not the case that the splitting of consciousness occurs because the patients are weak minded; they appear to be weakminded because their mental activity is divided and only a part of its capacity is at the disposal of their conscious thought. What underlies dissociation is an excess of efficiency, the habitual coexistence of 2 heterogeneous trains of ideas. In their initial stages, hysterias of a severe degree usually exhibit a syndrome that may be described as acute hysteria. The weakness of mind caused by a splitting of the psyche seems to be a basis of the suggestibility of some hysterical patients. The unconscious split of mind in hysteria is preeminently suggestible on account of the poverty and incompleteness of its ideational content.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter III. Theoretical Section (Breuer): 6. Innate disposition-Development of hysteria.
Most of the hysteria phenomena that Freud and Breuer have been endeavoring to understand can be based on an innate idiosyncracy. The capacity to acquire hysteria is undoubtedly linked with an idiosyncracy of the person concerned. The reflex theory of symptoms (nervous symptoms) should not be completely rejected. The idiosyncracy of the nervous system and of the mind seems to explain some familiar properties of many hysterical patients. The surplus of excitation which is liberated by their nervous system when in a state of rest determines their incapacity to tolerate a monotonous life and boredom and their craving for sensations which drive them to interrupt this monotony with incidents of which the most prominent are pathological phenomena. They are often supported in this by autosuggestion. A surplus of excitation also gives rise to pathological phenomena in the motor sphere, often tic-like movements. Like the stigmata, a number of other nervous symptoms, some pains and vasomotor phenomena and perhaps purely motor convulsive attacks, are not caused by ideas but are direct results of the fundamental abnormality of the nervous system. Closest to them are the ideogenic phenomena, simply conversations of affective excitation. These phenomena are, by repetition, a purely somatic hysterical symptom while the idea that gave rise to it is fended off and therefore repressed. The most numerous and important of the fended-off and converted ideas have a sexual content. The tendency towards fending off what is sexual is intensified by the fact that in young unmarried women sensual excitation has an admixture of anxiety, of fear of what is coming, what is unknown and half-suspected, whereas in normal and healthy young men it is unmixed aggressive instinct. Besides sexual hysteria, there are also hysterias due to fright, traumatic hysteria proper, which constitutes one of the best known and recognized forms of hysteria. Another constitutent of the hysterical disposition is the hypnoid state, the tendency to autohypnosis. The hypnoid element is most clearly manifested in hysterical attacks and in those states which can be described as acute hysteria. The essential change that occurs in hysteria is that the mental state becomes temporarily or permanently similar to that of a hypnotized subject.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Chapter IV. The psychotherapy of hysteria (Freud).
The psychotherapy of hysteria is discussed. Each individual hysterical symptom immediately and permanently disappears when the memory of the event by which it was provoked was brought to light along with its accompanying affect and when the patient had described that event in the greatest possible detail and had put the affect into words. The etiology of the acquisition of neuroses is to be looked for in sexual factors. Different sexual factors produce different pictures of neurotic disorders. The neuroses which commonly occur are mostly to be described as mixed. Pure forms of hysteria and obsessional neurosis are rare; as a rule these 2 neuroses are combined with anxiety neurosis. Not all hysterical symptoms are psychogenic and they all cannot be alleviated by a psychotherapeutic procedure. A number of patients could not be hypnotized, although their diagnosis was one of hysteria and it seemed probable that the psychical mechanism described by Freud and Breuer operated in them. For these patients, Freud by means of psychical work had to overcome a psychical force in the patients which was opposed to the pathogenic ideas becoming conscious. The pathogenic idea is always close at hand and can be reached by associations that are easily accessible, just a question of removing the subjects will. Once a picture has emerged from the patients memory, it becomes fragmentary and obscure in proportion as he proceeds with his description of it. The patient appears to be getting rid of it by turning it into words. It is found from cases in which guessing the way in which things are connected and telling the patient before uncovering it that therapists are not in a position to force anything on the patient about things of which he is ostensibly ignorant or to influence the products of the analysis by arousing an expectation. An external obstacle to successful psychotherapy happens when the patient's relation to the therapist is disturbed such as if there is personal estrangement, if the patient is seized by a dread of becoming accustomed to the therapist personally or of losing independence in relation to him, or if the patient is frightened at finding she is transferred her distressing ideas onto the therapist.
Studies on Hysteria (1893-1895).
Appendix A: The chronology of the case- of Frau Emmy von N.
Appendix B: List of writings by Freud dealing principally with conversion hysteria.
The chronology of the case of Frau Emmy von N. is presented. There are serious inconsistencies in the dating of the case history. There is reason to believe that Freud altered the place of Frau Emmy's residence. It is possible that he also altered the time as an extra precaution against betraying his patient's identity. A list of writings by Freud dealing principally with conversion hysteria is also presented. They are dated from 1886 to 1910 and include: The Observation of Pronounced Hemi-Anesthesia in a Hysterical Male; Hysteria in Villaret's Handworterbuch; A Letter to Josef Breuer; On the Theory of Hysterical Attacks; A Case of Successful Treatment by Hypnotism; On the Psychical Mechanism of Hysterical Phenomena; The Neuro-Psychoses of Defense; Studies on Hysteria; Project for a Scientific Psychology; and the Aetiology of Hysteria.
Abstracts of the Standard Edition of
the Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
Carrie Lee Rothgeb, Editor


text:
Mortgage of a second home?
When we reach a certain economic level, many Spaniards are tricked into buying a second home, a very important monetary decision that today we want to analyze in Good lender's blog.
The first thing, and as we always say
Is to analyze if we can deal with the purchase of a second residence with its corresponding mortgage that, after the crisis, its conditions have changed radically. And it is convenient to know that it is not the same to request the mortgage of a first home than of a second residence since in this second case more guarantees are required.
One of the reasons why financial institutions act like this is because these properties are more difficult to sell because of their location on the beach or mountain than a property that is in a city. For this, the client is required a solvent economic situation, stable work and guarantees in the event of non-payments.
When a family has a difficult economic situation
In addition, as we well know, when a family has a difficult economic situation, the first thing that stops paying is the second home that uses only certain times a year and is considered an unnecessary asset. The result of all these factors that we are describing are more expensive conditions in the second mortgage than those of a first home considered a commodity of first necessity.
Therefore, before thinking about buying a home for leisure and enjoyment on vacation, we have to know that the mortgage conditions will be worse, more expensive and more difficult to be granted. The applied interest rate is higher and the term to pay off the debt is lower with the corresponding guarantees and guarantees required.
Is it beneficial to apply for a second home mortgage?
In this way, is it beneficial to apply for a second home mortgage? Our experts only recommend doing so in cases where the client's income and expense capacity is strictly analyzed and that, in fact, has a solvency of more than 80% so do not incur defaults, debts or even evictions.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
So have you had enough?
♣ Laura ♣
HA! Love their faces in the last pic! ;D
So. Is he still a keeper at this point?
Califon, NJ
Hunterdon County
"Each is a creature of Earth and is entitled to reside on it with dignity"
;D Is that a destuffed suckie ball? He's such a cutie.
It's not the destination, it's the journey!
No, that's a plushy pull toy.
Amy, he'll stay for awhile. I like some things and don't like some others. I'm waiting to see what someone's bitch that is pregnant has before I make a final decision. If she doesn't have any black males, then he'll stay a bit longer.
♣ Laura ♣
I just couldn't give him up after having him this long one on one. But I am just a weenie when it comes to puppies.
How cute! I couldn't stand to give him up, either!!
HA! She don't take no guff! He is so stinkin' cute.
Baloo - 5 year old black lab
Peanut - 7 year old minpin
Monster - 3-ish year old frenchie/jack, rescue
We're Superdogs!
Libby you are so cute playing with your babyboy Jake.She talks to him and he said he had enough.
Awww.. how cute
Good luck with your decision!


text:
Sterling Silver Reel Dress Studs
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This product hasn't been reviewed yet. Want to be the first to offer some feedback?


text:
Survey on Gigabit Ethernet
Also in pdf-format
Introduction to Gigabit Ethernet
C²I² Systemss German network technology partner, SysKonnect (SK), has developed a high-performance, dual-channel PCI Gigabit Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC).
C²I² Systems are investigating the possibility of developing PMC and CCPMC versions of SKs PCI Gigabit Ethernet NIC. These versions would be ideally suited to embedded platforms. With all versions being derived from the same hardware design, they feature a wide range of compatible and qualified software drivers, including those for popular commercial operating systems such as various derivatives of Unix and Windows NT, as well as for real-time operating systems such as VxWorks and LynxOS.
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) is a standard for connecting peripherals to a personal computer. Technically, PCI is not a bus, but a bridge or mezzanine. It includes buffers to decouple the CPU from relatively slow peripherals and allow them to operate asynchronously.
PMC (PCI Mezzanine Card) is a low-profile mezzanine card for desktop computers and other computer systems, with logical and electrical layers based on the PCI specification.
CCPMC refers to the conduction-cooled version of PMC. Conduction-cooling is a method of cooling active and passive components on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) by direct heat conduction from an area of higher temperature to an area of lower temperature. Host carrier cards provide the thermal interface for the conduction-cooled PMC (CCPMC) adapter by means of thermal ribs which conduct heat away from the PMC adapter.
The PMC and CCPMC formfactors are ideally suited to embedded platforms; PMC where conventional-cooling will be sufficient and CCPMC where system design constraints indicate conduction-cooling and other ruggedisation.
For users, Gigabit Ethernet holds a great advantage in terms of the extremely fast response times of the network. For managers of commercial networks, Gigabit bandwidth on the LAN backbone also provides the infrastructure to meet the needs of added users and new applications that usually contribute to traffic congestion on the backbone. Gigabit Ethernet is therefore the strategic choice for high-speed, high-bandwidth networking.
As part of our Gigabit Ethernet Survey, it would be highly appreciated if you could complete the attached survey form and return it withing four weeks of receipt. For your convenience, it could either be faxed or returned by mail, details are as follow :
|Please return fax to :
|Bernice Meyburgh
Facsimile : (+27 21) 683 5435
|Return Address
|P.O. Box 171
South Africa
Thank you for your assistance in conducting this research.
Survey on Gigabit Ethernet
This research is conducted to gather information on and create awareness of Gigabit Ethernet. The participant will also be offered the opportunity of receiving more detailed specifications for further evaluation, if desired.
Kindly complete the following online questionnaire :
Further Information
Any information requested will be posted to you within
one week of receipt of the completed questionnaire. Alternatively, you could access our
Web Site for further information about Gigabit Ethernet and other high-speed networking
products at http://www.ccii.co.za/ :
|Relevant Press Releases
|SysKonnect's Commitment to Gigabit Ethernet
|New Gigabit Ethernet Technology Tackles Failed Network Links Head-On
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|Relevant Products
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|Other Networking Products
Thank you for taking the time and making the effort to complete our Gigabit Ethernet Questionnaire.
Your response is greatly appreciated.


text:
Hands-free technology in cars hardly danger-free, study finds
Click here to view the full CBS News story and video
The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety study found using the voice-controlled system in cars that syncs to smartphones can distract drivers long enough to go not one football field, but three, once they've finished using it, reports CBS News correspondent Kris Van Cleave.
Jacy Good experienced the danger firsthand. Her college graduation went from a perfect day to a nightmare in seconds, thanks to a distracted driver on a hands-free device.
"He turned left through the red light. And as he did that, the 18-wheeler served to try and miss him, still clipped the front of his car but then slammed full force into our family's car," Good said.
Good's parents were killed instantly. She was given just a 10-percent chance of survival. She beat those odds, but suffered a lasting brain injury.
"I don't have the brain cells that know how to move my wrists or my fingers or my ankle or my toes," she said. "I'm lucky I can walk."


text:
Number of parents asking for children to start school late doubles
Number of parents asking for their summer-born children to start school a year late doubles in a year
- Applications to defer school entries for four-year-olds have soared 84 per cent
- Comes after ministers urged councils to allow parents to hold child back a year
- Admissions code was chagned recently so parents' wishes must be considered
The number of parents asking for their summer-born children to delay starting school has almost doubled in just one year.
New government statistics show applications to defer school entry for their four-year-old increased by 84 per cent – suggesting it could soon become commonplace if the trend continues.
The findings come after ministers urged local authorities to stop blocking parents from holding their child back a year unless there is a very good reason.
The majority of those children who did delay admission were born in the later summer months – 22 per cent in July and 53 per cent in August
The official admissions code was recently changed so that parents' wishes must be taken into account when decisions on the issue are made.
The data, from the Department for Education, was based on a survey of 92 councils and found that there were 1,750 requests to delay starting reception class until September 2017.
This was up from 916 the previous year, the figures showed.
In both years, 75 per cent of requests were granted by council chiefs.
Paul Whiteman, general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers (NAHT), said that the issue of flexible admissions for summer-born children was now much better understood.
He said: 'Schools are required to provide a place for all children in the September after their fourth birthday but that start date clearly isn't right for every child.
'In cases where families make a request for their child to start in reception the following year, it's about taking a sensible and human approach based on the individual needs of the child in question.
'The flexibility required in order to accommodate the needs of some children born between April and August each year can cause some organisational and financial issues for schools, but they are not insurmountable.
The data was based on a survey of 92 councils and found that there were 1,750 requests to delay starting reception class until September 2017
'The important thing is that each child is ready to start school, whatever that day might be.'
The rise indicates that mothers and fathers, particularly wealthier parents, are becoming more aware of their rights on school admissions, the report said.
Under the current system, children in England usually start school in the autumn after they turn four, but parents of those born between April and August are allowed to ask to delay entry for a year.
The study pointed out that 'parents with higher incomes were significantly more likely to delay their summer-born child's admission to reception'.
This may be because they are more able to afford to have one parent out of work to look after the child.
The majority of those children who did delay admission were born in the later summer months – 22 per cent in July and 53 per cent in August.
However, some councils appeared more ready to accept requests than others.
Applications to defer school entry for their four-year-old have increased by 84 per cent – suggesting it could soon become commonplace if the trend continues
Around one in ten – 11 per cent – of the councils surveyed said they agreed all requests for summer-born children to start reception a year later.
Meanwhile 63 per cent said they do not approve all requests, but are more willing to allow this than they were previously.
And 26 per cent said they only allow those with a very strong case to delay entry.
A separate small-scale poll of around 161 parents who applied to delay found that nearly half had annual household incomes of £50,000 or more.
And asked for their reasons for delaying a school start, the most common reason was whether parents felt their child was ready for school.
Campaigners have argued that some summer-born children are not necessarily ready to start school when they have just turned four, while previous research has indicated that those born in the summer months may perform worse in assessments than their older, autumn-born classmates.
There have also been concerns raised that some councils allow children to wait a year before starting school, but then are told they must join Year 1, missing out reception.
In 2014, the DfE amended the admissions code to require admissions bodies to make decisions on whether to delay starting reception in the child's best interests, including taking into account factors such as parents' views.
The following year, schools minister Nick Gibb wrote to councils saying that children should not be forced to join Year 1 if they wait to start school when they turn five.
He argued that admissions rules needed to be changed to give summer-born youngsters the right to start in reception if they joined at this point.
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Some people simply have the urge to climb up and up. When you're giving presents to a climber, listed below are just a few mountain, ice and mountain climbing present concepts. Climbing a mountain is a severe enterprise. 5. Any unique issues that occurred while mountain climbing. Please Take Be aware: Path circumstances, together with groomed surfaces, change consistently on account of many components together with, but not restricted to, skier visitors, weather, snowmaking, and different factors each artifical and pure.
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Factors to Consider in a SEO Marketing Company
Rapid growth have taken place in the last few decades on the world wide web and social media marketing platforms in search engine optimization in obtaining information and advertising for different commodities to ensure that it covers a lot of people that search for the item on databases of these platforms such as Google, Gmail, Amazon, eBay and Bing. To ensure that you website reaches to more people using little resources you will definitely need a SEO company to create more appearing content to reach out to a larger audience . There are some issues that you should have in mind for you to hire the best SEO agency for realization of the best results for both direct and indirect increase of sales volume.
One of the consideration of finding an SEO company is by accessing their website to check if they have appraisals from top-notch search engines such as Google or if it is among the top of the list of such companies. It is also important to research on the services that they offer and compare them with other similar companies to eliminate the least relevant to your business needs and also have an understanding of the exact services you require if the results should be long-term or short-term results in increasing the sales volumes. Another consideration that you should ensure you have in mind is the experience of the company since for those who have been into it for longer have more detailed strategies on different d strategies that work for dynamic market conditions in creating leads and having up to date information of the upcoming trends that are working in favor to of the clients, also it is of essence to consider new companies that may be having brilliant results in delivering their clients' needs.
Another consideration is the cost of services that the SEO company asks for where their charges should be convenient for your budget, definitely ensure that you compare the cost of hiring for the service will be worth for the benefits the business will experience before contracting the company. When choosing a SEO company it is important that you ensure that you consider the service quality that they offer to your business considering that you will invest your time and finances into the you deserve quality service that matches the content they develop for y our website which should be characterized by relevance, authenticity, reliability and accuracy as its backbone. To ensure that you websites' content is unique creativity and innovativeness are critical.


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Inclusive Mentor/Coach
An inclusive mentor/coach is a person who takes care of himself, takes care of his/her mentee/coachee relationships and takes care of his/her
mentee/coachee surroundings. This is done through listening deeply the
needs of the world around them, designing new relationships and possible
conversations or creating spaces from the emotional point of view.
the PwD are perceived like second class citizens in the place of work because
of a combination of factors, between which we can include inferior formative
levels, as well as a series of prejudices, that provoke the people with
disability do not work and those that do it are working in low specialized jobs
with lower salaries and poor recognition.
frequency, this is due to the people with disability are seen as not prepared
for the work and generally don´t get the opportunity to show the contrary.
Other reasons are that, often, the people with disability haven´t had access to
formation and/or to professional training.
conclusion, the people with disability result to be candidates very valid for
the companies and self-employment once we break the barriers which impede it
(physical, psychological and formative).
Social Model of the Disability called already Model of Independent Life transforms "the individual problem
of the disability" in the "social problem of the disability", a question of ethical and philosophical
character: the "disability" pass from being "a private
fact" to be "a social fact" in definite, the disability acquire
moral status, it is an ethical question.
create something by them, to assume their own life, to be a collaborative part
in the Society, are some of the ideas
that people with disability need to assume and interiorized.
same are extraneous to concepts that have to revolutionize his life and carry
them to the entrepreneurship. The mentoring/coaching to the entrepreneurship is
a way to help people with disability to assume an independent life.
coaching/mentoring can be a sufficiently customized way to help PwD to develop
their entrepreneur skills. However, the usefulness remains to be verified. The
purpose of this unit is to examine the importance of inclusive entrepreneurship,
challenges for people with disabilities to become entrepreneurs as well as its
1/ Inclusive Entrepreneurship
1-1 Definitions of Inclusive Entrepreneurship
Based on the
analysis of scientific publications and other documents, it can be concluded
that the entrepreneurship of people with disabilities can significantly
contribute to the economic development of the country through the creation of
new products and services, jobs and the rehabilitation of this social group.
The growing number of people who own the companies shows that disabled people
show entrepreneurial traits that effectively break social barriers and actively
participate in economic processes by running their own businesses or other
forms of economic activity.
Entrepreneurship of people with
disabilities is an important issue and challenge of contemporary societies, but
at the same time a complex phenomenon in which the economic dimension is
crucial, and on the other hand taking on the self-employed by disabled people
and taking on the role of business owners is strongly culturally conditioned.
Countries that give all enterprising citizens the opportunity and the necessary
support to disclose and effectively exploit their opportunities are
experiencing rapid economic growth. Therefore, exploiting the potential of
entrepreneurship in people with disabilities is a source of increased
prosperity for the various disadvantaged groups as well as for society as a
Inclusive entrepreneurship is in
principle a new concept not only in the language, but also in the theory of
entrepreneurship. This is the concept of including social groups excluded from
the labor market and, more broadly, from the capitalist economy, which enables
people in these groups to use their skills and competences to carry out their
projects, not necessarily business but mainly business ventures.
Inclusive entrepreneurship refers to
the sociological concept of inclusion, but also to the economic conception of
inclusion. Inclusive entrepreneurship provides equal opportunities for
different social groups in fulfilling their aspirations and dreams, business
and economic ventures, in other words equalizing opportunities for entrepreneurship, so that these
opportunities are for everyone.
is Inclusive Entrepreneurship? It is a term created at the University
of Syracuse based on the successful program of action for entrepreneurship for
people with disabilities and people with low incomes. The program has
identified unique tools and processes that must beat the entrepreneur through a
four-tier entrepreneurial model, with an emphasis on stage 1, which uses
self-assessment tools to help beginners identify and pursue their passions,
strengths and give them a business dimension.
Entrepreneurship is a strategy and
process that helps people with various disabilities and / or economic and
social difficulties become entrepreneurs through business planning training,
the use and development of business goals and support planning, and finally
access to financial resources using partners or private resources operating
within a consensus-based cooperation ".
Syracuse University Burton
Blatt Institute/Whitman School of Management
Another definition:
"It is entrepreneurship that contributes to social inclusion, to give all
people an equal opportunities to start up and operate businesses. Target groups
are those who are disadvantage and under-represented in entrepreneurship and
self-employment, including youth, women, seniors, ethnic minorities and
immigrants, disabled people and many other groups".
And a last definition: "Self?employment for
people with disabilities is both challenging and exciting. It is a positive
challenge for people with disabilities who hope to have more income, become
included in their communities, and improve the quality of their lives with
family and friends. It is challenging for human service professionals who must
move in this direction, but the reward is achieving successful outcomes for
their clients."
Alice Weiss
1-2 Importance of Inclusive
Based on data from the Central Statistical Office, it
can be concluded that people with
disabilities are far less economically active than people without disabilities.
Occupational inactivity and poor business activity of this social group are
due, among other things, to the lack of knowledge of the problems of this
environment, the social anxiety of persons who are not functioning properly,
the cultural and civilizational backlashes, the stereotypes and prejudices of
the environment, and the mental barriers inherent in the disabled people
themselves. A large part of these people can work professionally or even run
their own business or company if they receive adequate support and substantive
help. Unfortunately, due to psychological and external barriers, physically
disabled people are not always ready to take on such a challenge.
Professional activity of people with
dysfunction is a basic and key way to
improve their economic status or social image by changing the perception of the
disabled person by the environment. It allows them to be treated not by the
prism of inefficient bodies, but as persons with specific competences or
abilities and having the same needs, rights
and duties as others. The attractiveness of professional activity is not only
on improving the economic status by increasing income, but above all, creating
the possibility of psychosocial self-realization.
or own business ensures independence and increased autonomy in personal and
social life. It is about the ability to realize the interests and passions
of life, as well as making decisions and knowingly directing one's own life.
The work properly suited to professional predispositions, abilities and
competences and the type of qualifications gives satisfaction, meets the needs
of social utility and usefulness, increases the sense of value and stabilizes
self-esteem. Enterprising people with disabilities regain their confidence,
they can without fear and shame to live actively in their environment. The
above arguments indicate that entrepreneurial activation of people with
disabilities may be an important instrument to counteract social exclusion of
this group.
Promoting inclusive entrepreneurship constitutes an
important part of the Lisbon agenda and the Europe 2020 strategy which treats
entrepreneurship as a key component of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
offers the ability for individuals and
families to achieve economic independence and stability, contributes to social
inclusion to give all people an equal opportunity run businesses. Target
groups are those who are disadvantage and under-represented in entrepreneurship
and self-employment, including youth, women, seniors, ethnic minorities and
immigrants, disabled people and many other groups. By improving employment
outcomes for people with disability will provide significant benefits to workplaces, the economy, the community and
individuals themselves. Employment can provide people with disability with increased income, and with this, higher living standards and financial
Moreover it can contribute to a sense of identity and
self-worth and have positive health
impacts for some people with disability. Inclusive entrepreneurship
outcomes for people with disability can also reduce demand on welfare systems.
1-3 Social economy
Social economy is one of many ways to
define an economic activity that combines social and economic goals. It is also
referred to social economy or social entrepreneurship.
The concept of social economy is very
broad and affects many spheres of social life. However, trying to find a common
denominator, we can say that the key principle of this idea is the primacy of
action for the people (members and dependents) over the maximization of profit.
This means that the social economy entities important – next to the economic –
has a social mission. Thus, the social economy, meeting the needs of its
members or dependents, often perform tasks, which neither the state nor the
other operators do not comply sufficiently effective.
Social economy, based on the values of
solidarity, participation and self-government, plays a key role in local social
development. It allows the use of human resources in a complementary way to the
private and public sectors, prevents social exclusion and alleviates social
tensions. In broad terms: the social economy supports the process of building
civil society.
Social economy also corresponds to the
priorities of the European Union: social cohesion, full employment and the
fight against poverty, participatory democracy, better governance and
sustainable development.
1-4 Work based learning and its function
Learning at work is an important aspect
of adult learning. Employees have the opportunity to update their knowledge,
skills and competences, acquire new skills and increase their employability.
Workplace learning benefits both employees and employers as it contributes to
increased competitiveness and productivity.
Learning in the workplace is a
necessity today, almost a duty. As emphasized by Dr Anna Lubra?ska from the
University of Lodz, "… the condition for optimal functioning (at work
and in everyday life) has been constant learning, cognitive engagement, and improvement.
Learning enables individuals to maintain and strengthen their professionalism,
self-steering, a greater awareness of themselves, their rights, privileges and
their role in the environment, the possibility of impact on the environment.
Continuing lifelong learning is simply a necessity in today's reality, while
being a contemporary realization of the thought that (…) a person learns all
his life ". Adult education through institutional education, training and
self-teaching activity forms, perfect professional qualifications and
competence of employees present and future. Professional vocational education
currently carries out several functions. These are as follows:
Adaptive function –
related to the adaptation of the employee to new jobs emerging in connection
with technical and technological progress.
function – professional training should be undertaken by all those who need to
supplement knowledge because of a change in position within the organization.
Renovation function
– that is to educate people who come back to work after a long break, need to
update their knowledge and skills.
function – resulting from the fact that the modern world requires mobility and
flexibility from the people, forcing the reconstruction of subjective
possibilities and habits.
Creation function –
the increasing popularity of work organization based on the functioning of the
teams results in an increased need to improve creative thinking,
Based on; Adult education in
the aspect of professional development and realities of the contemporary labor
market, Anna Lubra?ska – University of Lodz. http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-9096618b-a01b-4d9e-a71d-fcbef7a840cf
Recomendations for an Inclusive Entrepreneurship
is a way of life and a collection of qualities through which we achieve our
goals, often associated with the achievement of measurable profit. Can
entrepreneurship be learned? Of course, it can be, but it is not easy and
requires the candidate's consequences, sacrifices and systemic support on many
How to do it? Here are some key recommendations:
Promotion of
entrepreneurship culture among people with disabilities and the fight against
Multi-level tools
and support services in the area of business financing
Training, curricula
tailored to the needs of this social group and labor market needs
Promotion of role
models, disabled people who have been successful in business
Different forms of
individual support for the disabled, such as training vouchers, assistant
services and work trainers, individual funding for job placement and transport
to the workplace should be increased. On the larger scale, there should be
available work coaches and recruited mentors from the companies.
training or early learning in the workplace and more are some of the tools
needed to help people transform their
ideas into action, even though entrepreneurship is about learning by doing.
1-6 Role of the technology
individual's decision for the path of self-employment is influenced by different factors. One factor is simply put the
calculation of opportunity costs (Arum and Müller 2004). For example, if the
benefits of being unemployed
or being employed
are higher than
benefits of self-employment, a
decision towards self-employment will
probably not be
made. Another factor is the
degree of independence which positively correlates with the likelihood of
self-employment (Shane, A. S. 2003). But the most important factor for becoming
self-employed might be self-motivation,
as it is the driver which results from factors like opportunity costs or independence
(Wickham 2006).
Disabled people
are often disadvantaged to
handle a complex situation like self-employment. The task is much more
difficult for disabled people and
in some cases
even impossible compared
to people without
disabilities. Due to their
disability they lack specific capabilities e.g. visual or mobile capabilities
which aggravate self-employment. In many cases disabled people don't possess
the required skills for self-employment
as their education
is substandard (National
organisation on disability
This handicap
can easily decline
self-motivation and further
lead to damaged self-esteem. Under these conditions self-employment
experience is much more unlikely. To increase the self-employment of disabled
people it is therefore necessary to
preserve self-motivation and
self-esteem by diminishing
disadvantages for people with disabilities.
Technology is an
important factor for disabled people to achieve and maintain self-motivation and self-esteem and to
participate in social environment (Sans-Bobi, M.A. et al. 2012).
Assistive technologies
(AT), accessible websites and accessible applications enable
disabled people to be part of the society (Seelman, K. D. 2008). For example, artificial limbs, retina
implants or screen readers, which enhance inclusion and self-esteem, establish
important conditions for disabled people to start a business.
technology is a crucial factor for starting a business today. Using state-of-the-art technologies like computer
systems, including software and hardware, or manufacturing processes is
essential to compete in today's global landscape.
Yet people
with disabilities like physical or cognitive impairments often are limited regarding
these capabilities, even if they have a high education. In most cases this is
due to inappropriate technologies that do not meet the requirements of people with
the efficient utilization of technology is often not possible for disabled
people. This means people with disabilities have disadvantages to obtain
independent individuality (individual person perspective) as well as necessary
information for self-employment (information society perspective) and to
vanquish barriers to organise their business in a competitive manner (business
organisational perspective).To strengthen the self-employment of disabled people
it is therefore indispensable to provide AT to them.
It's important to figure
out what your strengths and weakness are. If you enjoy taking risks and are
self-motivated, disciplined and resilient, becoming an entrepreneur might be a
great choice. On the flip side, if you are the kind of person who values
structure and stability, and you shy away from risk, you might prefer working
as an employee.
As you look to the future,
keep an open mind about the path your career may take. You could find
fulfilling work as an employee at an existing company or you could start your
own business and blaze your own trail. So many options are open to you! It's OK
to be a little unsure and excited all at the same time.
In order
to enhance the start-up rate within the European Union and to offer adequate
conditions for conducting business projects, four key issues have been
identified as the four steps out of social exclusion.
Generate an
entrepreneurial culture within a corresponding framework.
Availability of
target group specific professional start-up support and trainings.
support during the consolidation and growth period of young businesses.
Access to adequate


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Anthony Davis Jersey
Many young basketball players all across the nation are wearing their very own Anthony Davis jersey. These kids look up to Davis and hope to make it to the NBA and be as successful as he is. Anthony is a great all-around player. The Anthony Davis jersey is very popular. He seems to continue to improve and get better as his career goes on. That is the mark of a good star. Many teams wish they had a star like Davis on their squad. Check out the link below if you are looking to get your very own Anthony Davis jersey!
Click HERE to get your favorite Anthony Davis jersey!
Family Height
Anthony Davis was born and raised in the city of Chicago, Illinois. Davis has a tall dad and a tall mom who both stand over six feet tall. As you can tell, this is where Davis got his height from. Anthony stands at six feet and ten inches tall. He's close to seven feet. Basketball is a great sport to be in when you are that tall and his sister also played the game at the college level. The game of basketball was in the family genes a little bit. Anthony also had a cousin who played the game of basketball professionally over in Germany. The Davis family enjoyed the game of basketball and they are quite good at it.
Fast Growth Spurts
Due to his interest in the game, Davis got involved in the game of basketball at a young age. He worked on his skills and was a part of the high school basketball team at Perspectives Charter School in Chicago. He was not always so tall. Davis was only six feet tall as a freshman. By the end of his sophomore year he had grown four more inches and was six feet four inches tall. Davis continued to grow and by his junior season he was standing at six feet eight inches tall. This kid was getting taller and taller and the game of basketball was just the right fit for him. Anthony was hoping to one day make the Anthony Davis jersey a sought after item. He became very skilled at the game of basketball and received lots of attention from scouts at the college level.
D1 Attention
Davis had received offers from many Division 1 schools. These schools include one's like Syracuse, Ohio State, DePaul, and Kentucky. Davis had become so good that he was ranked online as the number one player in the nation in his class. Davis had a big decision to make. There were many schools that wanted him. At the end of it all, Anthony decided to commit to the University of Kentucky to continue his basketball career. The Wildcats and their fans were extremely excited for this young star to get on campus with them and start his journey. The Anthony Davis jersey was about to become more popular as he was about to show just what he was capable of doing.
A National Champion
Anthony was extremely talented and was being looked at as NBA talent before he even made it to the University of Kentucky. He would only end up playing with the Wildcats for one season before he would enter for the NBA Draft. During his freshman season with Kentucky, Davis averaged over 14 points, 10 rebounds, and 4 blocks per game. The kid could do it all from blocking shots, to dunking, to hitting threes. Davis ended up leading the University of Kentucky to the National Championship. The Kentucky Wildcats faced off against the Kansas Jayhawks. Davis led the Wildcats to this championship victory. What a moment that must have been. That is every young athletes dream to one day win the National Championship. Along with this great team win, Anthony received all kinds of individual awards for his great season.
NCAA Awards
Due to his great season at Kentucky, Anthony Davis received all kinds of awards. The Anthony Davis jersey was very recognizable in the basketball world. He was named as the SEC Defensive Player of the Year and the SEC Player of the Year. Davis was also named as the Freshman of the Year and the NABC Defensive Player of the Year. He was the Consensus National Player of the Year and the Consensus First Team All-American. Was there an award this man didn't win? To go along with these awards he also became a National Champion and was named as the NCAA Final Four Most Outstanding Player. Davis could play and the Anthony Davis jersey was becoming very popular. Many people all across the country were wondering which NBA team would be on the front of this Anthony Davis jersey.
Headed To New Orleans
With the first pick in the first round of the 2012 NBA Draft, the New Orleans Pelicans selected Anthony Davis. The city of New Orleans was about to have this great young star. In July 2012, Davis signed a three-year sixteen million dollar contract with New Orleans. The Anthony Davis jersey was going to be made with the city of New Orleans. People all over the city wanted to get their very own Anthony Davis jersey. This kid was a phenom. Anthony made his NBA Debut in November 2012 and played well. He scored 21 points in his first ever NBA game against the San Antonio Spurs. This was just the start of his career. Anthony Davis would go on to have a successful rookie season and career.
NBA Awards
Throughout Davis's career he has been named as an All-Star five times from 2014-2018. He was the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player in 2017. In 2015, 2017, and 2018, Anthony was named to the All-NBA First Team and in 2013 he was named to the NBA All-Rookie Team. Davis is also very good at the defensive side of the game. He received many awards for this part of his game. He was named to the NBA All-Defensive First Team in 2018 and the All-Defensive Second Team in 2015 and 2017. Along with those awards, Davis also led the NBA in blocks in 2014, 2015, and 2018. He has accomplished a lot so far and that is what makes the Anthony Davis jersey so valuable. He has a bright future ahead of him.
Anthony Davis Jersey
The Anthony Davis jersey is a very popular jersey among basketball fans today. Anthony has had lots of success and the sky is the limit for this young star. The Anthony Davis jersey is made up of the colors of red, gold, and navy blue. The Anthony Davis jersey is a good-looking jersey. He hasn't been an NBA champion yet, but has had some stellar seasons. Davis is looking to one day win that NBA title and get that ring on his finger. That's every athletes dream…to win the championship and be named as the best team in the league. When do you think Anthony Davis will win his first NBA title? Please leave comments below.


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Thursday, 19 June 2014
A Rose for June
I've just come across the latest Papermill Challenge which is to create something that makes you think of JUNE - there's still time to enter if you are very quick so click HERE for all the details.
The climbing rose on the front of my house always flowers in early June so I thought I'd do a card with a rose. I've used stamps from Oak House Studio - the English Summer Text for the background, the Rose and the 'Take Time' sentiment. The rose is watercoloured and then it's all mounted on Ocean Blue card from Papermill Direct - has to be my favourite!!
Hope you like my card and thanks for looking. Papermill runs regular challenges so it's worth keeping an eye on their blog for a chance to win some of their wonderful card!!
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|php.net | support | documentation | report a bug | advanced search | search howto | statistics | random bug | login
View Add Comment Developer Edit
[2013-05-20 20:15 UTC] php at login dot hedim dot ch
Description: ------------ When using RarEntry::extract() for an entry that is a directory, only the directory itself is extracted but not the entries within that directory. The extracted directory is empty. It would be useful if this method extracted the directory including all entries within that directory. Also, this would be consistent with "x" command of unrar (as in the command-line unrar). The workaround (i.e. finding and extracting all entries within a given directory entry by name) does not promise to work reliably given that, according to the PHP manual, a RAR archive can have multiple entries with the same name. Test script: --------------- Assuming "archive.rar" is an archive with the following contents: mydirectory mydirectory/myfile.txt And the following code snippet: $archive = RarArchive::open("archive.rar"); foreach ($archive as $entry) { if ($entry->isDirectory()) { $entry->extract(""); } } Expected result: ---------------- In the current directory, there is a directory called "mydirectory", and within that directory, there is the file "myfile.txt" from the archive. Actual result: -------------- In the current directory, there is an empty directory called "mydirectory".
Pull Requests
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All rights reserved.
|Last updated: Mon Sep 28 03:01:23 2020 UTC


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Donate your unwanted bike to The Bike Project
The Bike Project is a community of refugees, mechanics and volunteers in London. Our mission is simple: we take second-hand bikes, fix them up in our workshop and then give them to refugees.
Having fled persecution and atrocity in their country of origin, most refugees arrive in London with absolutely nothing. A bike helps refugees and asylum-seekers access food banks, legal advice, healthcare, education and much more. If they're lucky enough to receive official refugee status, a bike can help them find employment.
As one of our bike beneficiaries put it: "When you have to go from charity to charity to feed yourself, a bike becomes very important to your life."
Since 2013, we have given away over 4,000 bikes to refugees from dozens of countries including Syria, Eritrea and Albania.
Do you have an unwanted bike you could donate? We have 21 drop off points – see https://thebikeproject.co.uk/pages/drop-off-points to find your nearest location.
As well as our charitable activities, we sell a small proportion of our wonderful refurbished bikes to the general public through our online bike shop. Every single penny we make from bike sales is ploughed straight back into the charity. This much-needed cash injection helps secure our long-term sustainability – and that means even more refugees cycling!
We also run cycling proficiency training for refugee women in Croydon, Wapping and Dalston. The course empowers and inspires these awesome people to feel the freedom of their very own bike – perhaps for the first time in their lives.


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Ragdoll Rumble is a 3D Fighting Ragdoll game consisting of various funny characters. In this 2 Player game unblocked, your mission is to perform the great movements, skills to defeat the opponents, aim for the head or chest, and cause a great damages to your rival. Well, the game offers many characters that would be good for your selection, you can choose whatever you want, your favored one then head out for the battle. Don't miss the challenges here! It will be fun! Okie, click to try it now!
Use the arrow keys, keys WASD or use the mouse to control your character in Ragdoll Rumble game


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Leader & President: Revd Mat Ineson
Preacher: Revd Tanya Lord
1 Corinthians 11:23-26, John 13:21-38
Including the powerful washing of feet this special Holy Communion service invites us into the story of the first last supper and encourages us to respond in prayer and worship to Jesus through the sharing of bread and wine. The service finishes with the drama of the desertion of Jesus in the garden.
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Tanya concluded her sermon with the words of the poem "The Wounds" by Revd Derrick L. Weston.
Reader 1: Nigel Currie
Reader 2: Ruth Rimmer
Sound: Andrew H
Music: Adam K & Andrew W


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This is a new wave of the moment from the stable of PoppiLee Entertainment in a dimension of hip-hop for the street jam. "New School" by Dazzy featuring Trod is a vibe from energetic lyrics and dynamic beats Produced by Dstyle Beats.
Download & groove to the joint.
DOWNLOAD: 'Dazzy Ft Trod – New School' (3.8 MiB, 1,312 hits)


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To build an affordably scalable data center network, we believe that disaggregation with Cumulus Linux is the ideal networking solution (for obvious reasons). If you haven't made the jump to open networking, we recommend you read our total cost of ownership (TCO) report, which covers how our customers saved up to 60% by making the switch. For the rest of you that have already come to the light (we prefer calling it the green), we've put together a few tips for optimizing your data center network for increased efficiency and lower data center TCO.
- Optimize your cables and optics
The cost of optics varies greatly. If you're running high-cost optics, we recommend doing your research and seeing if there is a lower-cost option that will suit your needs. As switches become denser, the optics and cables can actually cost more than the switches themselves — especially with proprietary, locked-in options from traditional vendors. Most traditional vendors source their optics from third-party manufacturers and then add a premium. When open optics are sourced directly from ODMs, you can reduce the cost of cables and optics by 50% to 70%.
- Automate like a boss
Most organizations are doing some form of automation. With Cumulus Linux, you can leverage automation tools that you're already using (like Ansible or Puppet) on your servers, and automate throughout the entire stack. The more you automate, the more you increase efficiency and the more you lower data center TCO. Plus, no matter what you've already automated, you could probably be automating more. For instance, are you automating all of your testing? This post tells you why you should. There are tons of ways you can optimize your network with automation. With Cumulus Linux, it's easier than ever. Check out our technical documentation that covers all things automation. We bet you'll learn a lot.
- Prepare for mistakes
Expecting both your technology and your resources to run without error is a recipe for disaster. Mistakes will happen. That's the reality of a data center (but you already know that, right?). The key is to put systems and processes in place to ensure you can fix errors quickly. With Cumulus Linux, you can leverage snapshots and rollbacks. If a command error is made, you can quickly and easily roll back to a previously known good state. Plus, you can leverage snapshots and rollbacks to build a strong redundancy plan, combining this feature with remote logging and a comprehensive monitoring configuration.
- Break silos
Communication is key in all relationships, even in data centers. If you have completely siloed teams, or worse, individuals, then you have inefficiencies in your data center. That's just a fact. Cumulus Linux is designed to optimize operator-to-switch ratio, so you can maximize talent across different demands and processes. If you see weaknesses here, this may be a wonderful time to evaluate and ensure your team has the resources, training and processes they need to efficiently succeed. This is where NetDevOps comes in. In short, you want to ensure you have clear, effective processes in place for collaboration, skill sharing and task sharing between job titles, and standardized tools across the stack. With Cumulus Linux, you can standardize easily and run the same applications you run on your servers. Need ideas on how to do this? Contact your sales rep to learn how to build better processes and systems.
- Be energy efficient
When you think energy costs, the first thing that comes to mind is likely rack cooling. Great — making sure your racks don't overheat is a wise way to prevent extra energy spending and thus lower data center TCO. But there are a lot of other ways to ensure your data center is energy efficient. Although a bit old, this post over at InfoWorld cites 8 great ways you can reduce energy costs in your data center by simply being aware of how you're wasting energy. They might not all make sense for your business or building, but at the very least, take some time to evaluate your energy bill and wasteful hardware. You could likely make a few easy changes (like shutting down servers that aren't in use) that will add up over time.
With the right hardware, software and processes in place, you can run a fully-streamlined, efficient data center network that is built for scalability. Of course if you need help coming up with solutions for improved efficiencies and lower data center TCO, our knowledgeable services team is here to help. Simply contact us, and we'll connect you with an industry expert to help you design your optimization plan.


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The smart home is here. But are we ready?
Customers are demanding more from every product and service they buy and use. They want more options and information. But in simplified, bite-sized chunks. They want tools and features to make every aspect of their lives easier and more convenient, but if they feel overwhelmed… they're gone. They're talking to someone else, or moved on to another product. They want, want, want. And when it comes to the home, rightfully so. They're in charge. They are the Chief Executive that we're all reporting to.
And interestingly enough, in our conversations with customers, we hear one thing time and time again on topics like smart technology, lighting and products, and even just, energy efficiency:
"It's so overwhelming. I don't know where to begin."
(It's no wonder we all haven't been fired!)
We're faced with a disconnect between the customer's idea and their experience.
They want all of these things - a more connected home, automated convenience and a smaller footprint – but it's so overwhelming that interested customers aren't taking action.
While there are several factors that weigh into this, we're going to focus on one:
We've got a marketing problem, people!!
When selling products or services that are highly personal (you're talking about people's home!) and complex, it's always smart to go back to the basics. Don't allow yourself or your teams to make any assumptions.
- What is a conceptual smart home?
- What is energy efficiency?
- WHY do people want these things?
The WHY is where things get interesting. The WHY will vary. And in today's landscape, you have the ability to talk to customers around the WHY that matters to them.
Again, think of them as the CEO. They don't want to hear why your product or offering is good for Microsoft, they want to know the value it will bring to their company. Their bottom line. Or in this case, their home.
Leverage your data and media intelligence (or find a partner who can) and you will simplify the experience for your customers.
It starts with a personalized message.
In KSV's 2015 E.E. consumer research, we saw a stark difference in the values of smart technology.
For example, homeowners (under the age of 45) value "control remotely" above anything else (including: family security, financial savings and home comfort).
Almost 50% homeowners 45+ value the financial savings most. And interestingly enough, this group overwhelmingly described "control remotely" as giving control away.
Understanding different motivations is critical in answering the WHY.
According to Accenture, more than two-thirds of customers plan to buy connected technology for their homes by 2019.
Well, it's 2016 and the countdown is on.
If we want to exceed this goal (which should always be the goal), we need to change the conversation. We need to talk with these "executive" customers in a new way:
- Sell the vision before talking details: Customers need to want your product or service before they're interested in hearing the details. If the details are given too quickly, they're overwhelmed. You've lost her. She's onto the next meeting.
- Prove you understand the WHY: Understand your customer and why your offering provides value to them. This is how you will get their attention. (And if there is no why… you are talking to the wrong customer. You are in the wrong meeting.)
- Get to the point: Time is precious. And customers are only willing to spend so much of it with you. Make sure there is no part of the customer experience that takes more time than it should. Or… Meeting over.
It's fair to say that customer expectations of you grow every day. Their demands are somewhat unruly, but as a great marketer once said… "When it comes to the customer, perception is reality."
These trends are not things you can change overnight, but with an experienced, strategic partner, you can create a plan to deliver relevant content and a streamlined user experience in less time than you would imagine. Call us. We'd love to help.
Stay tuned for KSV's 2016 Market Research on Increasing Customer Satisfaction. National survey is currently in the field. We look forward to sharing our insights with you.
Lauren Bell / Senior Engagement Strategist / 212.366.4000 / email@example.com


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My sister-in-law, Kim, has a sister named Keri. Many years ago (it would have been the late 80's), a bunch of us went out to Pappasito's in Houston for my brother's birthday. Keri is a beautiful girl. She's the kind of girl that catches the eye of every person in the room when she walks in.
On this particular night, she was particularly beautiful in a hot pink fuzzy angora sweater. After sitting on the patio waiting for our table and consuming several pitchers of margaritas, they finally called us to to be seated. As we were walking to our table, an obviously drunk guy approached Keri. He was one of those Mr. Smooth characters who thinks they can have any woman in the room on the power of their imagined charm and good looks.
Mr. Smooth got right in Keri's face and asked, "Is that cashmere?" referring to her sweater. Dumbass. A guy worthy of Keri would know the difference between cashmere and angora.
Keri, without missing a beat, looked Mr. Smooth right in the eyes and said, "Are those Bugle Boys?"


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With E-Checking at Christian Financial, you have access to a variety of features that make managing your money easier than ever! Our E-Checking account has no monthly fee*, no minimum balance and no per item fee, which means you get the access you need and the freedom you want from a checking account.
Open an E-Checking
Switching your checking account is simple. Find out what you need to make the Xchange today.
*If a member has E-Checking and is not enrolled in E-Statements during a given monthly period, a monthly maintenance fee of $6.00 will be assessed for each month until re-enrolled in the E-Statement program. Business accounts not eligible for E-Checking. Please see our schedule of service charges for complete information on overdraft fees and NSF fees that may be assessed. Click here for our Schedule of Service Charges.


text: Please provide feedback on the content of this page or the entire site by completing the form below. If you have a specific question on a DOT program or resource, please use the contact information provided on the web page. I'd like to provide feedback on the * Entire site Previous page: Title: Steven G. Bradbury Link: https:/transportation.gov/administrations/office-general-counsel/steven-g-bradbury Message * Leave this field blank Printer-friendly version


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Home › About › Corporate Responsibility › Cabot Energy HSEQ policy
Cabot Energy is an oil and gas exploration and production company. The Company believes that it is possible to conduct its business with zero harm to people and with minimal impact to the environment.
In our activities we expect:
- everyone involved in our business to be able to leave the workplace as healthy as when they arrived;
- to achieve an environmental performance we can be proud of and that we minimise any environmental impact;
- open communication and the involvement of employees and contractors in establishing safe and environmentally sound working conditions and practices;
- to deliver quality products and services for the organisation and its stakeholders; and
- to adopt robust risk identification, assessment and management measures.
All personnel involved in our business are vital in maintaining this policy and are therefore required to:
- be aware of and comply with the company's HSEQ policies and expectations;
- comply with all applicable regulatory and other requirements, legal commitments and company procedures;
- act responsibly to protect their safety and the safety of others;
- protect the environment and prevent pollution;
- promote the quality of our work;
- make no distinction between staff and contractor employees; and
- continually improve overall HSEQ performance with a focus on HSEQ competence and desirable behaviours.
The management of Cabot Energy is fully committed to this policy and accepts line management responsibility for its implementation.
The Chief Executive Officer has ultimate responsibility for the implementation and regular update of this HSEQ Policy Statement. The CEO ensures the ongoing suitability and effectiveness of the policy communicates it to all personnel and makes it publicly available to stakeholders.
January 2018
Keith Bush
Chief Executive Officer
Cabot Energy Plc.


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The head of the FSB: the customer of a terrorist attack in St. Petersburg "virtually installed"
Alexander Bortnikov added that the investigation continues.
MOSCOW, April 20. /TASS/. The FSB has practically established the identity of the customer of the terrorist attack that took place in St. Petersburg on April 3. This was announced by the head of service Alexander Bortnikov.
Bortnikov added that the investigation into the attack continues. "The fact that the official charged with (in charge), it just demonstrates the preparation of a terrorist act, which occurred in the St. Petersburg metro" — added Bortnikov.
The explosion occurred in the subway on the afternoon of 3 April, in the train on the stretch between the stations "Institute of Technology" and "Sennaya Ploschad". The attack killed 14 passengers and the terrorist who detonated the explosive device injured in the explosion recognized by 102 people. Later, another explosive device was defused in the metro station "Ploschad Vosstaniya". The investigative Committee has named the staged explosion of a man — he was a native of Kyrgyzstan Akbarjon Jalilov.
On 6 April, the UK reported the arrest of eight suspects in a criminal case — Seyfulla Khakimova, Ibragimjon ermatova, Dilmurod Muidinova, Bahram Ergashev, Azamjon Makhmudov, Mahmadyusuf Mirzaalimova, Logisty Karimova and sodica Ortikova. Six of them were arrested in St. Petersburg, two in Moscow. Criminal case is being investigated under part 3 of article 205 (Terrorist act) and part 2 of article 222 of the criminal code ("Illegal acquisition, transfer, sale, storage, transportation or carrying of explosives or explosive devices").
He was later arrested another suspect Abror Azimov, who, according to the FSB, carried out training of the suicide bomber. Basmanny court of Moscow on 20 April will consider the arrest in the case of the attack his brother, Akram Asimov, who was detained Wednesday in Moscow.


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Original identification:
Zigadenus paniculatus
Current identification:
Toxicoscordion paniculatum
Photographer: Ben Legler
Date Photographed: 8 Apr 2004
Locality: U.S.A., Washington, Grant County: Basaltic slopes on west end of Saddle Mountain, south of mouth of Crab Creek.
Elevation: [not provided]
Coordinates: [not provided]
Comments: Imperfect flowers (staminate only) in lower inflorescence.
Voucher Specimen: (none provided)


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Let us say you were a candidate in the recent Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) elections.
Because of your overwhelming popularity, you won without spending anything.
You even refused all forms of donations coming from others.
In other words, you had no election contribution and expenditure.
Does it follow then that you no longer need to file your Statement of Contributions and Expenditures (SOCE)?
The answer is NO.
Even if you had no election contribution or expenditure, or both, you still have to file your SOCE, which, of course, must reflect such fact.
Remember that what is only essential is you filed your Certificate of Candidacy (COC) within the given period.
This only means then that as long as you filed your COC, you have to file your SOCE.
[References: Section 14 of Republic Act No. 7166, COMELEC Resolution No. 10209 (Promulgated on September 27, 2017), Juanito C. Pilar vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 115245, July 11, 1995, and comelec.gov.ph]


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Investors will look for a safe haven amid the recent volatility in U.S. bonds, a move that will send the 10-year note yield down to about 1.75 percent, Mark Grant, managing director at Southwest Securities, said Monday.
"I don't see how the Fed could do anything to raise rates," Grant said in a CNBC "Squawk Box" interview. "They're getting a tremendous downdraft. Deutsche Bank estimates the global equity market to have lost $5 trillion since Aug. 11."
U.S. 10-year Treasurys were higher Monday, pushing the yield below 2 percent to about 1.98 percent.
Read MoreDavid Katz: Don't get too crazy about this selloff
"I've been telling the large institutions that I talk to and speak with to cut back significantly on their positions in equity and go to bonds and be in a safe place," Grant said.
He also said that, if oil prices fall to the $35 range, the Dow Jones industrial average could shed as much as 1,000 points more.
"Oil's just been creamed," he said. There's just a rout going on and to not recognize it is just silly in my opinion."


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By Nathan Garner
Read Online or Download A Different Drummer PDF
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Our Kind of People: Inside America's Black Upper Class
Debutante cotillions. Million-dollar houses. Summers in Martha's winery. club within the hyperlinks, Jack & Jill, Deltas, Boule, and AKAs. An obsession with definitely the right colleges, households, social golf equipment, and pores and skin complexion. this can be the area of the black higher classification and the point of interest of the 1st booklet written in regards to the black elite through a member of this hard-to-penetrate group.
Author and television commentator Lawrence Otis Graham, one of many nation's such a lot well known spokesmen on race and sophistication, spent six years interviewing the wealthiest black households in the USA. He contains old photographs of a people who made their first hundreds of thousands within the 1870s. Graham tells who's in and who's no longer within the workforce this day with separate chapters at the elite in big apple, la, Washington, Chicago, Detroit, Memphis, Atlanta, Philadelphia, Nashville, and New Orleans. a brand new creation explains the debate that the booklet elicited from either the black and white groups.
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Writing the USA Black examines the African American press and chosen literary works through black authors. through viewing the journalist's function as historian, reporter, tastemaker, and propagandist, C. okay. Doreski finds the shut bond to a bigger African American literary culture. wealthy in cultural and ancient context, this helpful examine should be of curiosity to readers of literature, background, African American reports, American stories, and journalism.
Griffin is a budding identify in mainstream African American fiction. --Chicago magazineAfter her father's dying, Emily Yancy concurs to maneuver again to her dead-end place of birth. yet she's dreading each minute she'll need to spend in her mother's tiny house. in any case, she's a forty-three-year-old divorcée who is doing simply wonderful on her personal.
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Additional resources for A Different Drummer
Example text
This unwillingness led to increasingly organized efforts by blacks to achieve their civil rights; they established CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) in the early 1940s and revitalized such existing organizations as the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and the National Urban League. The movement continued with the efforts of Martin Luther King, Jr. and others in the Montgomery bus boycotts and later in the 1957 establishment of the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference).
_____. " Negro Digest XVII (May 1968): 10-15. _____. " Negro Digest XIX (November 1969): 17-19. SEREBNICH, JOHN. " Library Journal LXXXIV (October 1959): 3015.
3. Discuss the significance of the items that are destroyed by Tucker. 4. What has caused David to lose the "something" that Tucker retains? 5. How are the images of the wheelchair and Mister Harper related? 6. Explain Bennett Bradshaw's relationship to Christ. 7. How does the South affect the relationship between Tucker and Bethrah? 8. Discuss Tucker as a "primitive" man. 9. Interpret the role of each of the men on the porch. 10. Contrast Mister Leland with Mister Harper. 11. Explain the dilemma of Harry Leland.