text:
A React application is basically a tree of components that communicate data with each other. Passing data between components is often painless. However, as the app tree grows, it becomes harder to pass that data while maintaining a sound & readable codebase.
Say we have the following tree structure:
Here we have a simple tree with 3 levels. In this tree, node D and node E both manipulate some similar data: Say the user inputs some text in node D, which we wish to display in node E.
How do we pass that data from node D to node E?
The article presents 3 possible approaches to tackle this issue:
- Prop drilling
- Redux
- React's context API
The aim of the article is to compare these approaches and show that, when it comes to solving a common problem such as the one we just worded, it is possible to just stick with React's context API.
Approach 1: Prop drilling
A way of doing it would be to naively pass the data from child to parent then from parent to child through props as such: D->B->A then A->C->E.
The idea here is to use the
onUserInput function triggered from child to parent to carry the input data from node D to the state at node A, then we pass that data from the state at node A to node E.
We start with node D:
class NodeD extends Component {
render() {
return (

 D
onChange={e => this.props.onUserInput(e.target.value)}
When the user types something, the
onChange listener will trigger the
onUserInput function from the prop and pass in the user input. That function in the node D prop will trigger another
onUserInput function in the node B prop as such:
class NodeB extends Component {
render() {
return (

 B
<NodeD onUserInput={inputValue => this.props.onUserInput(inputValue)} />
Finally, when reaching the root node A, the
onUserInput triggered in the node B prop will change the state in node A to the user input.
class NodeA extends Component {
state = {
inputValue: ""
render() {
return (

 A
onUserInput={inputValue => this.setState({ inputValue: inputValue })}
<NodeC inputValue={this.state.inputValue} />
That inputValue will then be through props from Node C to its child Node E:
class NodeE extends Component {
render() {
return (

 E
See it already added some complexity to our code even if it's just a small example. Can you image how it would become when the app grows? 🤔
This approach relies on the number of depth of the tree, so for a larger depth we would need to go through a larger layer of components. This can be too long to implement, too repetitive and increases code complexity.
Approach 2: Using Redux
Another way would be to use a state management library like Redux.
Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps.
The state of our whole application is stored in an object tree within a single store, which your app components depend on. Every component is connected directly to the global store, and the global store life cycle is independent of the components' life cycle.
We first define the state of our app: The data we interested in is what the user types in node D. We want to make that data available to node E. To do that, we can make that data available in our store. Node E can then subscribe to it in order to access the data.
We will come back to the store in a bit.
Step 1: Define Reducer
The next thing is to define our reducer. Our reducer specifies how the application's state changes in response to actions sent to the store. We define our reducer block as such:
const initialState = {
inputValue: ""
const reducer = (state = initialState, action) => {
if (action.type === "USER_INPUT") {
return {
inputValue: action.inputValue
return state;
Before the user has typed anything, we know that our state's data or inputValue will be an empty string. So we define a default initial state to our reducer with an empty string inputValue.
The logic here is once the user types something in node D, we "trigger" or rather dispatch an action and our reducer updates the state to whatever has been typed. By "update" here I do not mean "mutate" or change the current state, I do mean return a new state.
The if statement maps the dispatched action based on its type to the new state to be returned. So we already know that the dispatched action is an object containing a type key. How do we get the user input value for the new state ? We simply add another key called inputValue to our action object, and in our reducer block we make the new state's inputValue has that input value with
action.inputValue. So the actions of our app will follow this architecture:
{ type: "SOME_TYPE", inputValue: "some_value" }
Ultimately, our dispatch statement will look like this:
dispatch({ type: "SOME_TYPE", inputValue: "some_value" })
And when we call that dispatch statement from whatever component, we pass in the type of the action, and the user input value.
Okay, now we have an idea of how the app works: In our input node D we dispatch an action of type
USER_INPUT and pass in the value of whatever the user just typed, and in our display node E we pass in the value of the current state of the app aka the user input.
Step 2: Define the Store
In order to make our store available, we pass it in a
Provider component we import from react-redux. We then wrap our App inside of it. Since we know that nodes D and E will use the data in that store, we want our Provider component to contain a common parent of those nodes, so either root node A or our entire App component. Let us chose our App component to be contained in our Provider as such:
import reducer from "./store/reducer";
import { createStore } from "redux";
import { Provider } from "react-redux";
const store = createStore(reducer);
<Provider store={store}>
<App />
Now that we have set up our store and reducer, we can get our hands dirty with our nodes D and E !
Step 3: Implement user input logic
Let's first take a look at node D. We are interested in what the user inputs in the
textarea element. This means two things:
1- We need to implement the
onChange event listener and make it store whatever the user types in the store.
2- We need the value attribute of the
textarea to be the value stored in our store.
But before doing any of that, we need to set up a few things:
We first need to connect our node D component to our store. To do so, we use the
connect() function from react-redux. It provides its connected component with the pieces of the data it needs from the store, and the functions it can use to dispatch actions to the store.
This is why we use the two
mapDispatchToPropswhich deal with the store's state and dispatch respectively. We want our node D component to be subscribed to our store updates, as in, our app's state updates. This means that any time the app's state is updated,
mapStateToPropswill be called. The results of
mapStateToPropsis an object which will be merged into our node D's component props. Our
mapDispatchToPropsfunction lets us create functions that dispatch when called, and pass those functions as props to our component. We will make use of this by returning new function that calls
dispatch()which passes in an action.
In our case, for the
mapStateToProps function, we are only interested in the inputValue, so we return an object
{ inputValue: state.inputValue }. For the
mapDispatchToProps, we return a function
onUserInput that takes the input value as parameter and dispatches an action of type
USER_INPUT with that value. The new state object returned by
mapStateToProps and the
onUserInput function are merged into our component's props. So we define our component as such:
class NodeD extends Component {
render() {
return (

 D
onChange={e => this.props.onUserInput(e.target.value)}
const mapStateToProps = state => {
return {
inputValue: state.inputValue
const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch => {
return {
onUserInput: inputValue =>
dispatch({ type: "USER_INPUT", inputValue: inputValue })
export default connect(
We are done with our node D! Let's now move on to node E, where we want to display the user input.
Step 4: Implement user output logic
We wish to display the user input data on this node. We already know that this data is basically what is in the current state of our app, as in, our store. So ultimately, we wish to access that store and display its data. To do so, we first need to subscribe our node E component to the store's updates using the
connect() function with the same
mapStateToProps function we used before. After that, we simply need to access the data in the store from the props of the component using this.props.val as such:
class NodeE extends Component {
render() {
return (

 E
const mapStateToProps = state => {
return {
val: state.inputValue
export default connect(mapStateToProps)(NodeE);
And we're finally done with Redux! 🎉 You can take a look at what we just did here.
In the case of a more complex example, say with a tree with more components that share/manipulate the store, we would need those two
mapStateToProps and
mapDispatchToProps functions at each component. In this case, it might be wiser to separate our action types and reducers from our components by creating a separate folder for each.
…Who's got the time right?
Approach 3:Using React's context API
Now let's redo the same example using the context API.
The React Context API has been around for a while but only now in React's version 16.3.0 did it become safe to use in production. The logic here is close to Redux's logic: we have a context object which contains some global data that we wish to access from other components.
First we create a context object containing the initial state of our app as default state. We then create a
Provider and a
Consumer component as such:
const initialState = {
inputValue: ""
const Context = React.createContext(initialState);
export const Provider = Context.Provider;
export const Consumer = Context.Consumer;
Providercomponent has as children all the components from which we want to access the context data. Like the
Providerfrom the Redux version above. To extract or manipulate the context, we use our Consumer component which represents the component.
We want our
Provider component to wrap our entire App, just like in the Redux version above. However, this
Provider is a little different than the previous one we've seen. In our App component, we initialise a default state with some data, which we can share via value prop our
Provider component.
In our example, we're sharing this.state.inputValue along with a function that manipulates the state, as in, our onUserInput function.
class App extends React.Component {
state = {
inputValue: ""
onUserInput = newVal => {
this.setState({ inputValue: newVal });
render() {
return (
value={{ val: this.state.inputValue, onUserInput: this.onUserInput }}

<NodeA />
Now we can go ahead and access the data of our
Provider component using our Consumer component :)
For node D in which the user inputs data:
const NodeD = () => {
return (

 D
{({ val, onUserInput }) => (
onChange={e => onUserInput(e.target.value)}
For node E in which we display the user input:
const NodeE = () => {
return (

 E
<Consumer>{context =>
{context.val}
}</Consumer>
And we're done with our context version of the example! 🎉 It wasn't that hard was it ? Check it out here
What if we have more components that we wish to be able to access the context? We can just wrap them with the Provider component and use the Consumer component to access/manipulate the context! Easy :)
Ok, but which one should I use
We can see that our Redux version of the example took a bit more time to do than our Context version. We can already see that Redux:
- Requires more lines of code and can be too "boilerplate" with a more complex example (more components to access the store).
- Increases complexity: It might be wiser to separate your reducer and action types from the components into unique folders/files when dealing with many components.
- Introduces a learning curve: Some developers find themselves struggling to learn Redux as it requires you to learn some new concepts: reducer, dispatch, action, thunk, middleware…
If you are working on a more complex App and wish to view a history of all the dispatched action by your app, "click" on any one of them and jump to that point in time, then definitely consider using Redux's pretty dope devTools extension!
However if you're only interested in making some data global to access it from a bunch of components, you can see from our example that Redux and React's context API both do roughly the same thing. So in a way, you don't have to use Redux!
Posted on by:
Anssam Ghezala
Beginner Javascript enthusiast exploring the web one framework at a time. Currently student at McGill University.
Nice comparison! :-D
IMHO the key to make an application easier to maintain is testing. Many people forget about this but in the end needing more/less lines of code is not as important as having the best possible testing environment.
That's why we used redux and saga, it makes the application very easy to test if you follow its rules.
I'm very curious about how Redux provides a better testing environment. I feel like React evolved enough so that you can achieve anything you do with Redux, without it. Could you provide more details or examples?
Hello Seif! :-)
I don't think I said Redux provides a better testing environment. I cannot compare because I don't have the same experience using the Redux/Redux-Saga stack than using React Context API.
What I like about Redux and Saga is:
- Data flow completely isolated from React components, so those are mainly presentational, and someone could only be working on those without needing to know anything from the data flow in the app. Using storybook for example.
- Sagas takes care of all the impure actions, such as API calls, caching, etc. We can easily test it and it's completely isolated from anything else. You could develop that functionality using TDD, and It wouldn't affect anybody on the team.
- We can use middlewares to validate data before going to the sagas, or for some logic not belonging on sagas or the React components. Easy to test too.
Maybe I misspoke when I said
the best possible testing environment. I didn't mean mine, what I meant is testing is usually overlooked, and having a not optimal testing environment would lead to technical debt pretty quickly.
I'd like to know more about React Context API,
useEffect and the rest of the new React magic ✨, but what I've read didn't give me what I was looking for, do you have any examples regarding testing with React Context API so I could have a look?
Thanks! 💯
Using the context API doesn't necessarily go against separating data. Redux & the Context make it both possible to solve that issue by making it possible to create both providers and consumers of data. So afaik whatever you do with Redux to separate "data flow", you can do it without Redux as well.
I found that the example in this article already shows a clear case where you can implement things without sacrificing a separation between the components and the data flow.
The reason I asked for examples is that I haven't yet seen a single concrete example that showed me something that only Redux can solve better 🤷♂.
So if you do, please share it. Otherwise, I'm curious about what were you looking for in the new React features and that you didn't find? Examples of testing features?
Implementing isolated reusable components (e.g. a design system that you can showcase with storybook) can also be solved without using an external
state management library such as Redux.
It's important to test features, and not test for testing. Testing API calls or tiny pure functions that update the state will give you more green checks on the terminal for sure. However, it's a false sense of achievement. I believe that good tests focus on testing features and not implementation details such as API calls, sagas or event a React context. Testing features shouldn't rely on such implementation details.
At the end of the day, the user of our app doesn't care about how much "testing coverage" we have or whether we used Redux or React Context. The user only cares about how many bugs occur while using our application.
Hi Seif,
I'm at risk here as a new new dev (I didn't stutter), however I do think that your comment about testing appears to take a position that I'm not sure I understand from what I've learned and been told, nor did I get from the person you have responded too as well.
I believe that those tiny checks aren't necessarily about displacing the user from the center as it seems you have assumed. As I've learned it's about making it easier for a developer to reason around the tests. I'm assuming unit tests and not integration tests. That's a reasonable assumption I think, right?
I find it easier to read small tests and grasp what's being tested. This in turn means when I add code it's easier to either add tests, see a need for a tweak to a test or what have you. It's true that this may lead to an error ultimately, but I don't think one set of testing displaces the other. Do you think that?
Personally I enjoy testing and find unit tests to greatly assist me in solving the problem better when I write my code (I do TDD mainly), however I also do functional testing both with and without the UI rendered. Is this not the best practice? I thought it was and if I'm right I don't think it's reasonable your last point as it takes a point of view that one form or type of testing has hegemony over another.
I do love your other points btw. I'm trying to determine if I need to use Redux anymore or can I move to the new Context API as my first choice.
Production code uses advance composition patterns and libaries like Redux for maintenance and testing. You don't have to use redux for your blog or a small app your building, but if you are building a real web app... use redux or another state management variant to scale your business effectively.
What we see is a lot of junior devs complaining about "unnessessary complexity" because redux has a steep learning curve. We need to look past this and let junior devs understand what real production code bases look like as they delve deeper into their careers and move up the corporate ladder or start something of their own
Very well said - this pretty much echoes my concerns. The notion that a state container adds complexity is somewhat misguided. It adds overhead and boilerplate - sure, but actually reduces complexity by making the application state transparent and predictable - an invaluable tool when debugging large codebases.
Good point regarding a "blog or small app" too - I have an article describing what happens when trying to build something of "moderate" size without proper state management not so long ago myself: Seriously - do React hooks replace state containers?
I would actually argue the exact opposite.
What I increasingly see is lot of mid-level devs mindlessly using tools just because they use them everywhere else regardless if their project actually needs it and establishing dictatorship over this because junior devs can't really challenge them. Usually when I see this in a company, at some point a senior dev comes in and almost always it results in mid-levels leaving project shortly after.
IMHO Redux is just an excuse to not having to think hard about your architecture.
Fundamental questions about development are like religion, you can never win discussing them.
Redux, scope models, Context etc. All been around for a long time and all are good tools to achieve end result, it is up to you to choose the right tool and use it well.
Nobody needs redux unless you have a really complex app, even then I'm not sure. Just use hooks; useState and useContext, it's enough for most apps. Often less indirection, that's not just junior's view. There are imo very few use cases that require global/shared state. Especially when you use GraphQL with eg react-apollo.
imo start the state at the component, and 'upgrade' it up the tree depending on requirement, switching from state to context only once required
There are imo very few use cases that require global/shared state.
It's not as much about global/shared state, rather more about having state/logic tied to the component tree, which makes it painful, error prone and time consuming to make even simple layout changes. We end up moving state around the tree, instead of focusing on solving the real problems our users have.
Moreover, as the state end up sprinkled around the component tree here and there, it makes it even more difficult for new developers to come into this codebase and start doing something useful.
Don't see how it can be more complex, if the state lives close to where it is used. To me it seems harder once you start adding more indirection.
I think you can have state relatively close to its usage (page container) while remaining flexible to make layout changes. Just need to separate state handling from presentational components. Also it depends, sometimes you have presentational state, that usually lives just fine deeper in the tree.
Making custom hooks or hocs that manage specific state or behavior makes it imo also easier to grasp as it's more finegrained.
Not trying to suggest to apply chaos theory, structure is important.
I think you can have state relatively close to its usage (page container) while remaining flexible to make layout changes
True! Depending on who you ask, however, "page container" might not be considered "close to its usage". My concern is primarily about sprinkling state around individual components inside the page component tree.
Otherwise I completely agree - keeping state at the top level is conceptually similar to using a state container in that it achieves the same purpose.
"page container" might not be considered "close to its usage"
True in traditional data by props based components, but not when you adopt components by props and children;
See my response at dev.to/patroza/comment/bcnf
Redux is not hard to learn, yes, it's a bit verbose, but I think about redux as a toolbox where you have more control over the app state. That implies more code to write sadly. On the other hand, redux can be overkill depending on the app.
In my opinion redux also has a very nice official documentation enough to get you started.
React context seems pretty neat and easy to use. At the end is always the correct tool for the job right?
Nice comparisons, thanks for sharing!
I see, thank you for sharing your opinion ! :)
Redux has become way less verbose and intuitive after they introduced the Redux Started Kit. It feels like a modern and DX-friendly way to use Redux now, I recommend checking it out as the Redux ecosystem is great to build robust apps. redux-starter-kit.js.org
Great post!
We additionally use a HoC to make using the Context API easier. Something like this:
const withUser = (Component) => (
(props) => (
{user => (
Then to use it ...
const UserBookList = (props) => (/* props.user */);
export default withUser()(UserBookList);
Would suggest to use
useContext, either directly, or in the HOC:
const withUser = (Component) =>
(props) => {
const user = useContext(UserContext)
return <Component {...props} user={user} />
Yep you sure could! The original example was without hooks, so I went that route.
Thank so much for sharing this !!! :DD
You're welcome, hope it helps!
The Context.Consumer code scattered everywhere felt clunky.
Note that Sebastian Markbage, a member of the React team, has said Context is not suitable as a replacement for a Flux-based state management system (such as Redux) in the case where high frequency updates to the state are necessary.
See this blog post (close to the end), which references commentary on this GitHub thread about the release of Redux 7 where apparently the Redux team had attempted to use Context internally with mixed results.
Personally, I tend to use Context for data I need across components that isn't likely to change (or change much) while the user is engaged with the application, such as information about the current logged in user.
Thank you for sharing the blog post :)
Cool, I actually wrote about approach 3 (React Context) a little while back and the cool thing is that if you couple it with the
useReducer hook, you pretty much have yourself a basic implementation of Redux!
You only need Redux now if you need plugins from it or anything specific to it (or if you're not using it with React and there's no context).
Nice article. I think redux suits larger apps more than the context API,as it helps you track what's really going on behind the scenes, especially with the redux Dev tool. Context API is much ok for rapid development of small scale apps.
Thank you :) I personally think that one should only use an external tool iff it adds more to what one has. So far I've only been working on relatively small apps, and I've mostly just been using React :) Thanks again !
Another good reason to use Redux is that your state management is independently testable and because it is component system independent. So, if you're transitioning off of React to a Web Components based system in the future then your state management still works and isn't tied to React specifically.
More creative 4. option: if input is not persisted to server, write it to URL, such as search filter for table. If it is persisted in DB, register to data change of serverdatasource, e. G. By websockets.
Nice comparison!
Good post, But I agree to disagree, using context Api to pass multiple props in a single component will make it so much nested that you'd want to bang your head on the wall, but if you want to use beautiful context API try it with hooks 🤤, you'll be amazed how easy to read code becomes, but for class components, redux is the best.
I have started reading about hooks a couple of days ago ! :)) Thank you !
Nice article!
I believe the Context API could be more useful (in certain situations at least), because you are not limited to only one context.
You can create multiple contexts and use them at their places. For example, I can imagine a context related to the user/login state and another context related to application specifics and whatnot.
I don't have much experience with redux, but to me, it feels like it is an excuse for global variables. I'm not so fond of keeping everything in one place. Adds unnecessary complexity. :)
This is a really well-written article. Clear and concise! Great Job :)
Both Context and redux serve different purpose if you just have to pass props to some inner children then go ahead and use context api or there are other better ways too you need not required redux in first place.
It's very common to think that as soon as you want data to be shared across multiple components that Redux is always the go-to, but it's not!
Great read 😁
@anssamghezala added my thoughts on alternative to props drilling: Component vs Prop Drilling
I would give another answer: Subx: github.com/tylerlong/subx
Oh wow I've never seen this before :O Will definitely check it out ! Thank you for sharing ! :))
Great article! The redux example didn't seem to work for me, I made some small changes: codesandbox.io/s/reduxtree-8vs2f
According to the comments, it seems the only way to structure big React apps is Redux.
Based on Context API, I made a small library called Reto. Now I use it everyday and have thrown redux away completely. awmleer.github.io/reto
After reading all these comments and things make me realize that I'm still very new at this. You guys are doing great. Thanks for the article Anssam. Hope to see your another article soon :D
Hey there :) Glad to see you enjoyed it! I actually published other articles you can check em out here: anssamghezala.netlify.com/publicat...!
You don't have to use Redux because the boilerplate is so f... big!
Have you tried Dynadux? github.com/aneldev/dynadux It is much simpler and powerful.
Hey Anssam, very well compared. I couldn't understand this part though
"Our Provider component has as children all the components from which we want to access the context data."
Great article! Thanks!
I think you'll like this alt to redux as well.


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A medium gas lift has a seat height of from 500 – 750 mm
A high gas lift has a seat height of from 560 – 850 mm.
All ESD chairs made and supplied by ASHCO have been checked and pass the relevant European Standard EN 61340 – 5 – 1; 2001(ESD protective item requirements).
The cloth used is "Hi –Tech" static dissipative material and has a resistance to a ground point that does not exceed 10¹º.OHM.
The plastic seat back cover is static dissipative and together with the seat and backrest is earthed to the chassis mechanism.
The chassis is connected to the chromed gas lift, this fits into the polished alloy base and all is grounded via the conductive castors or glides, whichever is fitted.
The chairs are checked using a OHM – STAT MEGOHMMETER.
The test is carried out by placing a 5 kilo weight on the chair seat. This weight is connected to the test box and another lead from the test box is connected to a steel plate placed under one of the castors ( or glide) . A charge is then passed through the chair to determine resistance to ground.
The foot ring displayed on the high gas lift chairs is for illustration purposes only and is sold as a separate item.
ESD Chairs
ESD Workbenches
ESD Stools
SUPPORT Chairs
ESD Trolleys
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. You probably know it from that time you touched a handrail and 'shocked' yourself. Or perhaps when you were a kid and you'd shuffle along the carpet to touch your sibling or friend on the arm to give… Read more
18:59 24/11/2015
Having ESD equipment in an office, warehouse or high risk workplace is crucial to the safety and operation of a company. Making sure you protect your products and employees is of the highest importance. That's why when it comes to the simplest of office furniture, chairs and workbenches it's crucial to make sure you're getting industry approved ESD protected furniture that… Read more
18:58 24/11/2015
At first thought it's hard to believe that human beings can be an electrical hazard in the workplace. Of all the things humans have the ability to get wrong, discharging electricity is one of the last things that comes to mind. The truth is we're all a big walking organism of built up electrical charge. And occasionally when that charge is… Read more
18:58 24/11/2015


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Saving Sumatra's Wild Orangutans
STEVE INSKEEP, host:
Wild orangutans are only found in two places. One is Malaysia. The other is the Indonesian island where we're going next, Sumatra. Some scientists believe the orangutan, man of the forest, may soon become extinct because people are destroying the forests where the animals live.
Our latest NPR National Geographic Radio Expedition takes us to the orangutan's territory in the northern Sumatran province of Ache(ph). Here's NPR's Michael Sullivan.
MICHAEL SULLIVAN reporting:
Ian Singleton is crazy about orangutans. And it's a good thing too. Otherwise you might wonder why he spent more than two years in the swamps of western Sumatra tracking orangutans from dawn to dusk.
Mr. IAN SINGLETON (Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Program): It gets a bit of a drag after a while. Most of the time you're bored to death, miserable, itchy, getting bitten by flies and leeches. Every now and again you see orangutans do something that you've never seen before.
SULLIVAN: Singleton is 40 years old with red hair and a wry grin. He smokes constantly, tells bad jokes, and bears more than a passing resemblance to Mad magazine's Alfred E. Newman. He's the scientific director of the Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Program, and he probably knows more about orangutans in the wild than just about anyone.
This morning he's sharing some of that knowledge with strangers, near the Ctombe(ph) Orangutan Research Center deep in Sumatra's Leuser eco-system.
It's a forest some describe as the most diverse in all of Asia, home to Sumatran tigers, elephants and rhinos, sun bears, clouded leopards and, yes, orangutans, the only truly arboreal apes, who spend most of their day on the move in the trees.
We're moving now too, down a narrow path in the near darkness, as the forest starts to wake, scanning the canopy above, looking for orangutans in their nests.
Singleton stops, lights a cigarette, and points to a spot 70 feet up.
Mr. SINGLETON: There's an orangutan up there called Chris. (unintelligible) still in their nest, but in about five minutes he'll probably get out of the nest, do their ablutions and then move off and find a tree to (unintelligible) fruit for an hour or two, probably.
SULLIVAN: And sure enough, a few minutes later Chris does just that. Orangutans don't just travel in the trees, they eat, sleep and mate there too, rarely setting foot on the ground. They are graceful creatures with long, reddish golden hair and arms and legs they use interchangeably. In zoos they have a reputation as the strongest and most destructive of the Great Apes. In the wild they're movements are languid, almost casual, as they move from tree to tree, carefully inspecting the fruit on offer.
Mr. SINGLETON: They're very fussy eaters sometimes. Fruit has to be at just the right stage of ripeness.
I had an orangutan in a zoo that would only eat Granny Smith apples. If you gave her Golden Delicious, she's not interested, she'd just throw them away.
SULLIVAN: Chris is raining rejects down on us as we talk, half-eaten bits of fruit which have failed inspection.
Ian Singleton's fascination with orangutans began when he got his first job, as a zookeeper at Britain's Jersey Zoo in the primate house.
Mr. SINGLETON: Because they're forced to live semi-solitary lives, they're often very selfish.
SULLIVAN: Forced to live or choose to live?
Mr. SINGLETON: We think forced to live, because big fruit trees are scattered in the forest. The chimpanzee and gorillas, they'll eat a lot of this foliage that you find on the ground, so you can afford to bring a lot of friends around, because they're not going to steal your food resource. But with an orangutan, if you know a good fruit tree, you don't want to share it with anybody else, because then you have to travel another kilometer every day. It's much better to travel on your own and not tell anybody where the food is.
SULLIVAN: They don't tell anybody much of anything, Singleton says, vocalizing far less than other apes, mostly because they spend so much time on their own. His enthusiasm and fascination is tempered with concern and fear that the Sumatran orangutan may soon become extinct. A few hundred years ago, he reckons, there were hundreds of thousands living in Sumatra's forests. Scientists think there are only about 7,000 left in the wild today.
Low-land forest is where orangutans thrive, or used to anyway. Today they compete with humans for habitat, and they usually lose.
Fifty miles to the south of Ctombe, the forest is disappearing fast, the trees sold for timber, like these along the main road, or cleared to make way for rice paddies or huge cornfields that help feed Indonesia's fast growing population - the fourth largest in the world.
Most people here see orangutans as pests, or pets, something to be controlled or gotten rid of, not protected.
Many developing nations have embraced ecotourism as one way to attract tourist dollars and preserve endangered species. Indonesia has been less successful than others.
(Soundbite of music)
Bukit Lawang is about three hours from the provincial capital, Medan, and it's a popular spot for visitors who wish to see orangutans in the wild, where tourists can watch rangers coax the orangutans from the trees with bananas and milk. The tourists get what they came for, and the local economy benefits too, from the money the tourists spend in hotels and restaurants. Everybody wins. Everybody, an annoyed Ian Singleton says, except the orangutans.
Outside the dining room of one hotel, an orangutan named Adida(ph) is going from cottage to cottage, prying the lids off garbage cans, rummaging inside for scraps before moving on to the next one. And it makes Ian Singleton angry.
Mr. SINGLETON: As long as you're going to have hotels right next to wildlife, you're going to have this problem. If you've got really wild animals it's never a problem, but these guys are not afraid of people and are quite confident to come down and roam around places where people are staying.
SULLIVAN: As imperfect as this may be, Singleton also recognizes it may be better than nothing.
Mr. SINGLETON: If we move these animals away, we could have a backlash from the local people. These are our tourism resource and you don't want to move them all deep in the forest where no tourist can ever find them again. You remove all the orangutans from this area, and then they'll start illegally logging.
SULLIVAN: But Singleton thinks he has a better solution, and it begins here at the Orangutan Conservation Program's quarantine station, down an unmarked road about a five-hour drive from the circus at Bukit Lawang.
With orangutan numbers and habitat dwindling, Singleton's group is in the process of reintroducing orangutans in the south of Sumatra, where they were hunted to extinction about 150 years ago. There is still plenty of forest of in the south, much of it protected, and Singleton is using cast-offs, orphans and misfits like Adida to population his ark.
Mr. SINGLETON: What we're trying to do is slow down the decline, so that when Indonesia does eventually start to take more concern over its wildlife, there's still enough left to salvage.
SULLIVAN: In a huge cage near the back, more than a dozen young adults greet a new batch of humans with tricks they learned at school.
(Soundbite of orangutans)
These orangutans were rescued from a private zoo in Malaysia. They will stay at the Quarantine Center for a few months before being crated up one last time for the trip down south. Here, the orangutans don't rummage through garbage cans, and tourists are forbidden. To ensure the animals stay healthy.
Mr. SINGLETON: All our own staff are vaccinated against everything, tetanus and all that kind of stuff. Anybody who's been tested can come in, but anybody who's not been test cannot.
SULLIVAN: You're more worried about the humans being a threat to the animals than the animals being a threat to the humans.
Mr. SINGLETON: It's my job to look after the animals. It's not my job to look after the humans. Other people can do that.
SULLIVAN: About 60 orangutans have been released down south so far, and Singleton says roughly 500 are needed to jumpstart a genetically viable population there - a population that may help ensure that the Sumatran orangutan doesn't disappear in the wild.
For Radio Expeditions, I'm Michael Sullivan, NPR News.
INSKEEP: We'll have more on the effort to save the forest tomorrow.
Radio Expeditions is a co-production of NPR and the National Geographic Society. And if you want to hear podcasts, visit npr.org/radioexpeditions.
You're listening to MORNING EDITION from NPR News.
Copyright © 2006 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.


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Cars for Sale - Foster & Heanes, Fleet Hampshire
We are delighted to announce the launch of our new Used Car Online Showroom website.
'Car Clocking', 'Cut-and-Shut', 'Car Cloning' – these are just some of the more common techniques used by rogue car dealers to fool you into buying a car that isn't what it seems.
Don't get stung! Ensure you check you are buying from a reputable dealer and do your homework! Check price guides and compare similar makes and models of the car you are interested in. Also ask about the service history and ask to see previous MOT certificates, service records and any repair bills.


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Slumdog Millionaire Beauty Freida Pinto Cosmopolitan Spain Pictures. Freida Pinto (born October 18, 1984) is an Indian actress and professional model, best known for her performance as Latika in her debut film Slumdog Millionaire, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2009. Pinto won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.
11 years ago


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Zachary Adam Gordon (born February 15, 1998) is an American film and television actor, best known for playing Greg Heffley in the film Diary of a Wimpy Kid and its sequel, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules.
Description above from the Wikipedia article Zachary Gordon, licensed under CC-BY-SA,full list of contributors on Wikipedia.
Here at Klipd.com, we are a team of loyal movie enthusiasts who are devoted to sharing one of our favorite past times, viewing movie scenes, with you the viewers. Have you ever found yourself watching a movie and..
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We hope you enjoy your experience on Klipd.com. Please check back often for new scenes. We appreciate any feedback you may have to offer in order to help us improve our site.
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JACKSON HOLE, WYO – Concert organizers for a potential Dead & Company show in South Park this summer say they are up against a deadline of March 1 to make the event happen.
The two-day concert is planned for August 18-19, with music from 2-10pm each day. It would take place in South Park on property owned by the Gill family. The area where the concert is proposed is zoned rural, meaning a special events permit is all that is required as opposed to a more stringent process like a conditional use permit (CUP).
The Board of County Commissioners can place this application on an agenda at its leisure as long as it is 45 days ahead of the date. The problem is, concert promoters need to know soon whether the show is a go or not.
Nikki Gill has asked the community to urge commissioners to move quickly on this. The BCC has an upcoming voucher meeting next Monday, February 26. The concert is not on the agenda at this point. The next regular meeting of the BCC is scheduled for March 6 with the time-consuming Teton Raptor Center proposal slated for that meeting. It would be too late for concert organizers anyway.
The concert is expected to draw 15,000-20,000 spectators. Commissioners have already received correspondence from both citizens opposed to the concert and those who want to make it happen.
Your opinion matters. Email your commissioners.
3923 LONG VIEW LANE Jackson
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text:
Glorious Goodwood Day 3 Preview
It was another tough day for us on Wednesday at Goodwood, but at least our 16/1 e/w NB The Cashel Man grabbed a place. He stayed on really well for 4th from the back and he has a nice pot in him. Phoenix Of Spain was again bitterly disappointing and his Irish Guineas win is looking more and more like a fluke. I thought Wheels On Fire was going to win a furlong out, but somehow he lost 4 places in the final 50 yards. Hopefully we do better on Thursday, check out Dave Stevos Goodwood Day 3 tips and preview below…
Goodwood Day 3 Tips: 1.50 Unibet Handicap (Class 2)
At an absolutely huge price, Wargrave could outrun his odds for the Stack team. Jamie Spencer, who rode him in the German Guineas, is back on board and his mark of 101 could be workable on handicap debut. He ran a cracker behind a potentially very useful 4yo last time on his first try at beyond a mile at Gowran (9.5f gd).
Wargrave may have only finished 6th in the German 2000 Guineas but he was in close proximity to some very useful sorts. He had the 100 rated Pogo a couple of lengths behind and was only 2L behind the 109 rated Great Scot. By Galileo, Wargrave showed good ground is fine for him on his last two starts and if he handles the track, he could outrun his odds of 40/1.
Goodwood Preview Thursday: 2.25 – Richmond Stakes (Group 2)
The 6f Richmond Stakes is for 2yo colts and geldings only and 13 will go to post. Threat looks a worthy favourite after his fine 2nd to Arizona in the Coventry. He was arguably a shade unlucky that day but the jury is still out on the strength of that form. However, the form of Dream Shot's staying on 2nd to Liberty Beach at Sandown last time got a nice boost here yesterday.
He was 3L behind John Quinn's filly in that Listed heat and he shaped as though further would suit. The son of Dream Ahead has lots of stamina on the dam side of his pedigree. His dam was a winner at 7f/8f and she is out of a half-sister to couple of 12f Group winners. Jamie Spencer keeps the ride, James Tate is having an excellent season and at odds of 16/1 Dream Shot should go well for each way players.
Goodwood Day 3 Tips: 3.00 – Gordon Stakes (Group 3)
This is a fascinating 12f Group 3 for 3yos and Constantinople is the 9/4 jolly. Aidan O'Brien's son of Galileo comes here on the back of a superb effort in the King George off 105. He was only half a length behind the winner South Pacific, conceding 11lb to that rival. He is now rated 110, the same as Jalmoud, who arguably boasts much stronger form behind Japan. However, the totally unexposed Leo de Fury could be the one to be on at 8/1.
Jessie Harrington's son of Australia won his first two starts by a combined total of 10L, both over 10f. His pedigree suggests that 12f will really suit, with his dam being a half-sister to Goodwood 12f Group 3 winner Forgotten Voice. That offers hope that the quirky track at Goodwood will suit him too and Dusty Foley travels over for his only ride on the card. Odds of 8/1 look generous and he holds solid each way claims at the very least.
Goodwood Racing Preview: 3.35 – Nassau Stakes (Group 1)
Hermosa is the 15/8 favourite for the Nassau Stakes, stepping up to 10f for the first time. Like most Ballydoyle horses, the daughter of Galileo is bred to appreciate the distance. She just got outpaced over a mile last time at Ascot when 2nd behind Watch Me. It certainly wasn't a lack of stamina that did for her. Her first two runs this season were top notch and the double Guineas winner is most certainly the one to beat.
However, at double figure odds I think Rawdaa could run a massive race for Stoute and Tudhope. This daughter of Teofilo has run massive races in Group 2s the last twice. She was only a neck behind Move Swiftly on soft at Ascot (8f). Rawdaa was the same distance behind Lah Ti Dar over this distance on quick ground at York previously. She had Sunmaiden and Nyaleti well behind on that occasion. I can Fly was behind her at Ascot too and she ran a cracker in a Group 1 here yesterday. At 10/1, Rawdaa is the each way NAP of the day.


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Your customers—whether B2B, B2C, or partners within your organization—have always been your focus. You create processes to make their experience smoother. You listen to their feedback about your product or service so … Read More
About This Blog
This blog is an open community for industry leaders, managers and frontline providers to learn about, discuss, and continuously recommit themselves to providing exceptional service.
Together, we can:
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- Raise the spirit of service providers worldwide
I welcome your views and participation.
Best Wishes,
Ron Kaufman
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Category Archives: Uplifting Service Book
Uplifting Service – Book Review from Technology Guru
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Uplifting Service Book – Group Discussion Guide
Uplifting Service Book Group Discussion Guide This complimentary Uplifting Service Discussion Guide will enable you and your team to build a stronger and more sustainable service culture. Key questions for each chapter encourage personal … Read More
How Emotional Judo Can Help You Take Control of Every Conflict
Falsely accused? Resist the urge to proclaim your innocence. It's a situation most of us dread. You're faced with an angry customer, boss, employee, or family member. Something's gone wrong and they're about … Read More
5 reasons why Ron Kaufman's bestselling book is titled "Uplifting Service"
Ron Kaufman Bestselling Book "Uplifting Service" is a guide book for all service industries There are 5 reasons why Ron Kaufman's bestselling book is entitled "Uplifting Service" and they are all … Read More
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Leading from All Levels in Your Organization
If your company is going to pursue building an uplifting service culture, leadership must initiate and support the process. But service leadership must be extended and ultimately embraced at all levels of … Read More
First Choose Your Target, Then Fire at the Bull's-Eye
One of my clients launched a vigorous service improvement program to create greater value for external customers. Hundreds of classes were conducted for thousands of Service Champions around the world. The business … Read More
No One Ever Hung A Suggestion Box Hoping It Would Be Ignored
Keep Your Service Improvement Process Fresh and Flowing Voice of the Customer will help you hear what your customers and colleagues want. Service Measures and Metrics will help you track what they … Read More


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Monday, Nov 9, 2020 at 11:00am
Please call before attending any community events. It is likely that they will be postponed or canceled as a result of the coronavirus. You can find CDC coronavirus information at cdc.gov/coronavirus; AARP has additional resources at aarp.org/coronavirus.
Learn how to safely strength train in a positive, encouraging environment. All are welcome from any fitness level and all adult ages. We will build on the exercises each week and every week there will be a new and different workout. Learn proper form and repetition pattern, gain fitness as you learn technique. Class meets weekly.
Contact: Sarah Giovagnoli or Erin Lepper at email@example.com
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This event listing provided for the Edwards community events calendar. Community events are not associated with or sponsored by AARP, but may be of interest to you. If you have an event to share, let us know!
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Thursday, Oct 1, 2020 at 2:00pm Mountain Time
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You can find CDC's latest coronavirus information at cdc.gov/coronavirus; AARP information and resources are at aarp.org/coronavirus. En español, visite aarp.org/elcoronavirus.


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Dr. Anand T Galagali
Fortis Hospital, Nagarbhavi
Bone and Joint
Doctor's Profile
Dr. Anand T. Galagali is a consultant Orthopaedic Surgery with special interests in Arthroplasty & Sports medicine. Dr. Galagali is a recognized expert in complex joint replacement surgeries, arthroscopy and complex joint trauma. He is a life member of Indian orthopaedic association and Karnataka orthopaedic association.
Work Experience
Dr. Anand T. Galagali has with him an experience of over 26 years.
Dr. Anand T. Galagali graduated from Bangalore Medical College in 1987, completed his MS Orthopaedics from B.J Medical College, Pune in the year 1992. Dr. Anand T. Galagali also completed IAA-TK Dholakia Fellowship in advanced training in Joint replacement and KOA International Fellowship from UK. He has conducted various workshops for the young surgeons in India and has presented numerous papers in conferences in national & international level
Area of Expertise
Joint Replacement
Complex Joint Trauma
MS Orthopaedics


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|Karen Conboy
Job title/role in FutureNeuro
PhD Student
Tell us a little about your background and what led you to a career in science and research?
During my time in school, I was very interested in science, particularly biology. In leaving cert year, I decided I wanted to pursue science as a career. I studied Science in NUIG and majored in Anatomy. During this time, I developed a keen interest in the brain and as a result, I completed my masters in Neuroscience at Trinity College, Dublin. When I completed my MSc I applied for a research assistant position in RCSI where I gained a wealth of laboratory experience in molecular biology. This experience helped me decide I wanted to continue a career in research.
What does a typical day look like for you?
Every day is different which makes it very interesting. The majority of my day is spent in the lab running various experiments. The remaining time is concentrated on reading papers on topics relevant to my research.
What do you find most challenging about your job?
One of the major challenges is to remain positive if an experiment does not go as planned. In science, experiments rarely pan out as you had hoped but you should not get discouraged and keep going.
What has been the highlight of your career to date?
To be accepted as a PhD student for FutureNeuro in RCSI. It is a huge honour to work alongside so many brilliant scientists.
Tell me about someone who has influenced your decision to pursue your career?
My family have always encouraged me to continue perusing what I love.
What would you tell someone who is thinking about pursuing a career in STEM?
I would definitely encourage them to go for it! If you love what you are doing then it makes your day more enjoyable.
What impact do you hope your role in FutureNeuro will have over the next five years?
I hope my project will add to the understanding of epilepsy and will aid in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the disease.
What might someone be surprised to know about you?
I used to compete at Irish dancing.
What do you do in your spare time?
I play Gaelic Football in my spare time. This really helps to clear my mind after a busy day in the lab. I am also an avid reader and love spending hours reading science fiction.


text:
|Make : SUBARU
|Model : LEGACY
|Year : 2010
|Build Dates : 2008-11-26 - 2013-06-07
|NHTSA CAMPAIGN ID Number : 16V694000
|Date Owner's Notified: 2016-10-25
|Date Received by ODI: 2016-09-27
|Date Added to Database: 2016-09-27
|Manufacturers Involved: Subaru of America, Inc.
|Manufacturer's Responsible for the Recall:
|Manufacturer Campaign Number: WTK-71
|Component: VISIBILITY:WINDSHIELD WIPER/WASHER:MOTOR
|Potential Number Of Units Affected : 592647
Subaru of America, Inc. "Subaru" is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Legacy vehicles manufactured November 26, 2008, to June 7, 2013, and 2010-2014 Outback vehicles manufactured January 9, 2009 to June 7, 2013. Due to contamination, components within the windshield wiper motor bottom cover may interfere with each other. If an obstruction, such as a buildup of snow or ice prevents the wiper arms from being able to stop in the parked position, the wiper motor may overheat and the bottom cover may melt.
If the windshield wiper motor overheats, the wipers may fail, reducing driver visibility and increasing the risk of a crash. Additionally, the wiper motor cover may melt, increasing the risk of a fire.
Subaru will notify owners, and dealers will replace the windshield wiper motor bottom cover assembly, free of charge. The recall began October 2016. Owners may contact Subaru customer service at 1-800-782-2783. Subaru's number for this recall is WTK-71. Note: This recall supersedes recall 11V-469. All vehicles that were remedied under that campaign are affected by this campaign, and need to have their wiper motor bottom cover replaced again.
|Report Initiator: MFR
|V Report
|Regulation Part Number:
|Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Number:
Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 'TTY 1-800-424-9153', or go to www.safercar.gov.


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The blog for Die Shellsuit, Die! - an online music magazine and community covering all things alternative and a little in between too.
See the main site for reviews of films, music, gigs, interviews, competitions and post your thoughts in our forums.
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The Little Million will release their new album "Satellite" on the 28th of June through Seraphina Records. This was produced by Carl Brown (Funeral For A Friend, Slipknot, Fightstar).
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30-Year Fixed Jumbo Mortgage from PenFed – For home purchases or. rate will change every five years by no more than two percentage points up or down (the cap).. However, the lower monthly payment comes at a cost of paying more in.
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Low Down Payment – Jumbo Mortgage – Jumbo Rates Florida The jumbo property market in Florida is in much better shape than most markets around the country. However, sales are still slow in the upper end for a few reasons. But, one of the least discussed is the large down payment and reserve requirements for jumbo mortgages.
In the jumbo mortgage world, 5% is a low down-payment Jumbo Loan. Use the extra funds to remodel the home, save it for a rainy day, payoff other debt (such as high interest credit cards) , or invest it .
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2019 Jumbo Loan Down Payment Standards – Jumbo Mortgage Source – Using the same property as an example, the first mortgage would still be $1,200,000 but the second lien would represent 15% of the sales price or $225,000 along with a 5% down payment of $75,000. Low down payment jumbo loans are reserved for those with excellent credit and.
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Sunday Lamb Roast
Quick and easy recipe, perfect Sunday Roast
Prep Time 1 Hour
Cook Time 6 Hours
Serves 2
- 500g lamb breast
- 1 garlic clove
- Salt & pepper
- 4 large white potatoes
- 2 leeks
- 4 carrots
- 1 tbsp butter
- 75ml olive oil
- Salt & pepper
Yorkshire Puddings
- 1 egg
- 100g plain flour
- 200ml milk
- Salt
- 2 tbsp olive oil
To Serve
- 100g mushrooms
- 1/2 red onion
- Salt & pepper
- Fill your sous vide water bath with water and preheat to 55ºC (131ºF).
- Remove most of the fat from your lamb breast and then season generously with salt and pepper before adding to a vacuum pouch. Peel and chop a garlic clove before adding to the vacuum pouch.
- Once the sous vide water bath reaches the desired temperature, seal the vacuum pouch and place into your sous vide water bath to cook for 6 hours.
- 1 hour before serving, preheat your oven to 210°C (410°F). Add the olive oil to a glass cooking dish and place into the oven to warm.
- Peel the potatoes before chopping into cubes and adding to a pan of salted boiling water to boil for 15 minutes or until soft.
- Drain the potatoes and allow to rest until most of the steam has evaporated. arefully place the potatoes into the glass dish to roast. Continue to turn and baste the potatoes so as to ensure all sides are golden and cooked evenly.
- 15 minutes before serving, peel and slice the carrots before adding to a pan of salted boiling water to cook until soft. Once soft, drain, season and set aside.
- At the same time, cut the leeks into thin pieces before adding to a pan along with the butter and seasoning. Bring the pan to a medium heat and cook the leeks until golden.
Yorkshire Pudding
- Place the barley into a pan with the chicken stock to cook until soft. Add the edamame before seasoning to taste. Set aside.
- 30 minutes before serving, add olive oil to 6 rings on a baking tray, before placing into the oven to warm.
- Sieve the plain flour into a bowl before making a well in the middle. Crack an egg and mix together, adding the milk gradually. Mix together thoroughly until the mixture is loose and without lumps.
- Add three tablespoons of the mixture to each of the 6 baking tray rings. Place the baking tray into the oven to cook for 20 minutes or until the Yorkshire puddings have risen and are golden.
To Serve
- Remove the lamb from the vacuum pouch and add to a pan over a high heat, together with the juices from the vacuum pouch. Sear on each side for 1 minute, before removing from the heat and allowing to rest for 10 minutes.
- Dice the onion and mushrooms before adding to a pan to brown over a medium heat. Once cooked, set aside.
- Remove the roast potatoes from the oven and use a sieve to remove any excess oil. Add these to a serving platter, along with the carrots and leeks.
- Remove the Yorkshire puddings from the oven and add to a bowl.
- Slice the lamb before adding to two plates.
- Add the mushroom and onion to your gravy and mix together well. Add the gravy to a jug and place it alongside the serving platter.


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vericose vein causes - Treating Varicose & Spider Veins in San Diego
Treating Varicose & Spider Veins in San Diego
are large, raised, swollen blood vessels that twist and turn. They usually develop in the legs and can be seen through the skin.
Spider veins
are smaller, red, purple, and blue vessels that are also twisted and turning. Spider veins are easily visible through the skin as well. Like
, they are most often seen on the legs or face.
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7. Walking is good exercise. It can help the muscles force the blood out of the deeper vein system. 8. If you are overweight, try to lose weight. A healthy diet high in fiber and low in fat and salt can help.
4. Avoid wearing tight clothing such as girdles or belts. 5. Avoid alcohol, which can cause the veins in your legs to dilate. 6. Sclerotherapy has been used in the treatment of
Approximately 25 million people in the United States suffer from venous reflux disease. Venous reflux or venous insufficiency develops when the valves that usually keep blood flowing out of your legs become damaged or diseased. Traditionally, patients diagnosed with venous reflux would undergo
varicose vein
stripping surgery. This is done by surgically removing (stripping) the troublesome
vein from your leg and re-routing blood flow through healthy veins. In San Diego Vnus Closure provides a less-invasive alternative to vein stripping by closing the diseased vein instead of removing it.
3) If you drink at least 4 glasses of magnetised water a day you should notice an improvement to the circulation though out your whole body. If the magnetic shoe insoles, magnetic rings and/or magnetic bracelets are used in-conjunction with drinking magnetised water the effects will be increased by 10 times. You can magnetised water by placing a Magnopain magnetic water wand in a glass of water for 10 to 15 minutes.
Common magnetic therapy devices for alleviating poor circulation are: 1) Magnopain magnetic shoe insoles to increase the circulation to the feet and lower leg. These are very easy to use as you simply place them in your shoes and wear them all day long. The most beneficial way to use them is to take them from shoe to shoe so your feet have contact with them throughout the day. There should be no need to wear them during the night but some people with 'restless legs' find their symptoms much reduced by placing them in bed socks. Magnetic shoe insoles are extremely strong and can have as many as 50 magnets per insole. This magnetic strength allows the magnetic field to penetrate all the way up the leg and as far as the knee.
Exercising, losing weight, elevating your legs when resting and not crossing them when sitting can help keep
veins from getting worse. Avoid alcohol, which can cause the veins in your legs to dilate. Surgery such as vein stripping and ligation (removal of the varicose vein), or sclerotherapy of veins (injecting with a solution that causes scarring, which closes the vein) may be recommended. Vein stripping is a very extensive procedure, and it is usually reserved for patients who are experiencing a lot of pain or who have skin ulcers. If you are driving on a trip or working at a desk all day, try to get up and walk around every hour or so to allow the muscles to pump the blood out of the veins. Do not cross your legs when sitting.
Juliet Cohen writes articles for http://www.healthatoz.info/, http://www.health-disease.org/ and http://www.health-care-articles.info/ .
Poor circulation may be an indication of a heart disorder. High blood pressure, arteriosclerosis,
veins, Raynaud's Disease, and phlebitis are all connected with the circulatory system and having these conditions can lead to poor circulation within the body. So do not ignore the possible warnings and existence of these conditions specially if you have had them for a long period of time.
Home Remedies Tips 1. Vitamin K cream will help strengthen the capillaries. 2. Marigold is of great value for treating
Do you suffer with cold hands or cold feet even in the middle of summer? If yes, then you might be a victim of poor circulation without even realising it. But don't worry,help is here. Read on to find out how to improve your circulation the natural way using magnetic therapy.
9. Potatoes, starchy foods, condiments, alcohol, coffee, strong tea, white flour products and white sugar should be avoided. 10. A hot Epsom salt bath is also effective and should be taken twice a week.
Both are common more so in women than in men, and can increase in frequency with age. Approximately 30-60% of adults have either
or spider veins. Some common factors for those who are more prone to getting
veins and
spider veins
are heredity, obesity, hormone influxes during pregnancy, puberty, or menopause, the use of birth control pills, a history of blood clots, and occupations which require a lot of standing. Unfortunately, while these vein problems may look unsightly, they also can cause discomfort, pain, swelling, spasms, and numbness,or be the effects of an even larger underlying problem.
Varicose vein
s, those blue bulges, develop when veins can't return blood to the heart efficiently. Blood pools in the veins, making them dilate. There is a variety of treatment options for
veins, such as stockings, surgery, injections, and natural supplements. Vitamin E helps keep platelets, blood components involved in clotting, from sticking together and from adhering to the sides of blood vessel walls. Copper is also needed to build and repair endothelial cells, the smooth protective cells lining the insides of blood vessels. Vitamin C and Vitamin E will help with blood circulation and strengthening the walls of veins so that this condition does not worsen. Other vitamins that are recommended are antioxidants. Vitamin A deficiency can cause blood vessels to harden and blood to clot.
Many insurance companies do cover the cost of treating
varicose veins
, but generally not spider veins. Check with your insurance company and your local physician to determine which treatment option you may be covered under and would be right for you. For More information please visit www.cliniquerejuvenation.com/
Varicose Vein
s Treatment Tips 1. Wear compression stockings. 2. Do not cross your legs when sitting. 3. Elevate your legs as much as possible.
Varicose veins
look swollen and stretched all the time.
veins are dark purple or blue in color and may appear twisted and bulging ??? like cords. Itching around one or more of your veins. Skin at the ankle discolored brown. They commonly appear on the backs of the calves or on the inside of the leg. Causes
varicose veins
include congenitally defective valves, thrombophlebitis, and pregnancy. Prolonged standing and increased pressure within the abdomen may increase susceptibility to the development of
varicose veins
or aggravate the condition. If other family members had
, there's a greater chance you will too. Being overweight puts added pressure on your veins. Wearing loose clothing and avoiding long periods of standing can also help.
3. Calcium supplement will help stimulate the venous system. 4. A mudpack may be applied at night and allowed to remain until morning.
100% Natural Varicose Vein Formula
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Vitamin P is one of the most proven vitamins to help with this condition, and can be found in the skin of fruits such as grapes, berries, and apples. Vitamin B6 an essential vitamin that is required by the body to properly metabolize proteins and carbohydrates. It has also been shown by clinical research to be important in preventing plaque and lesions in blood vessels. Vitamins for
varicose veins
may not produce the results that surgery or injections can, but will do wonders to help reduce the appearance of
varicose vein
and to help keep them from getting worse. Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin that is required for proper blood clotting function, as well as for maintaining bone health. It has been used for many years to help heal bruises and scrapes, as well as for treating
7. Apply vitamin E oil or comfrey, white oak bark, or witch hazel tea to the affected areas. 8. Take bayberry, cayenne, taheebo, and white oak bark for healing and preventative effects.
5. An alternate hot and cold hip bath is very valuable and should be taken daily. 6. Vegetable juices serve as an excellent remedy in the treatment of
are veins that have become enlarged and twisted.
, in the legs, affect about 30% of adults at some point in their life.
are a common condition in the United States, affecting up to 15 percent of men and up to 25 percent of women.
Varicose vein
are common in the superficial veins of the legs, which are subject to high pressure when standing. For many people,
veins and
spider veins
??? a common, mild and medically insignificant variation of
??? are simply a cosmetic concern. For other people,
veins can cause aching pain and discomfort. Sometimes the condition leads to more serious problems.
Varicose veins
may also signal a higher risk of other disorders of the circulatory system.
. - Migraine headaches. - Tinnitus and hearing loss. Causes of poor circulation The main causes of having a poor circulation could be cholesterol, plaque on artery walls or lack of exercise. It may also be hereditary. Your susceptibility to these types of problems can be caused by an imbalance in your system.
Vitamin C actually works on the connective tissues elastin and collagen. These both fibers are responsible for repairing the vein walls and for maintaining their strength and flexibility. These vitamins for
varicose vein
will aid in the reduction and stop the worsening of these veins by keeping oxygen from reacting with other chemicals in the body, which can reduce swelling in
. It is actually believed that vitamin E can help in preventing the highest possible complication of
veins, the blood clots. According to the different researches made by experts if the stickiness of platelet with vitamin E is reduced, then vitamin can be helpful in reducing the risk of blood clotting in the varicosed veins. Grape seed extract is rich in antioxidants, which helps protect the cell against harmful free radicals
The Vnus Closure procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis using either local or general anesthesia in which the physician numbs the leg before treatment. Currently, it is predominantly performed in a hospital setting, though it may also be performed in a San Diego
vein treatment
or physician's office. Also known as Radiofrequency occlusion, during this procedure, a small catheter is inserted into the vein to deliver radiofrequency energy to the vein wall, causing it to heat, collapse, and seal shut.
Debbie Shimadry is as an expert guest on magnetic therapy for BBC Radios and is also the managing director of leading magnetic therapy company worldofmagnets.co.uk. If you are interested in natural pain relief visit the magnetic article directory or the health reciprocal link exchange directory.
The symptoms of poor circulation are: - Cold hands and feet. - White fingers. - Dizziness when standing quickly. - Numbness
Magnetic therapy treatment for poor circulation: Poor circulation predominantly affects the extremities (peripheries) of the body such as the fingers, hands, feet and ankles. Poor circulation can manifest by having cold feet and hands or lack of sensation, plus swollen feet, ankles, hands and fingers. The body's circulation can be improved with therapeutic magnets. The application of magnets to the wrist, fingers and feet will improve the local circulation of these areas. Furthermore, to promote an increase in the body's whole circulatory system, magnetised water should be consumed.
Other types of San Diego
vein treatment
s provided include Scelerotherapy, Endovenous laser treatment, and other lasers and intense pulsed light. While for some San Diego spider veins and
+Veins' target=_blank>
varicose vein
s sufferers, treatment is medically necessary, others may not even experience any pain or discomfort caused by the veins, and simply want them removed for cosmetic reasons.
2) The use of a high strength (2,000-3,000 Gauss/200-300 milli Tesla) Magnopain magnetic bracelet to combat poor circulation in the hands. You would need to wear a magnetic bracelet on each wrist for maximum benefit. The magnetic field will increase circulation to the wrist, hand and fingers. It is advocated that the bracelet be worn at all times 24 hours a day 7 days a week to obtain the best results. You can also wear magnetic rings on your fingers if you suffer with cold fingers instead of cold hands.
Magnetic therapy can effectively and quickly help resolve the effects of poor circulation. I shall now introduce a few magnetic therapy devices that will help alleviate cold feet and hands.
9. Anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen or aspirin can be used as part of treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis.
Juliet Cohen writes articles for http://www.healthatoz.info/, http://www.health-disease.org/ and http://www.health-care-articles.info/ .
Matthe Schick
Learn More about Varicose and Spider Veins
Vein Misconceptions: The Truth Behind Varicose Veins
Even if you still do not notice the appearance of varicose veins in your legs that does not necessarily mean that you can no longer acquire them in time. Varicose veins are a very common condition and are usually a result of several things. It can be triggered by a person s daily activities, genetic inclination, as well as ones health. Varicose veins or spider veins appear on the legs...
A Review of Laser Treatment for Varicose Veins
Don t you wish that you can turn back time? Maybe things will be a lot easier then. It would then be possible to maintain your youthful, fresh beauty for all eternity. Imagine how wonderful it would be if you were to remain the way you are today. You don t have to worry about the common problems that arise as we grow older. Hair loss, bone loss wrinkles and varicose veins are just some of the...
Home Remedies For Varicose Veins Treatment
We all know what varicose veins look like-the hardened, bulging blue knots standing out in the legs which are caused, some people say, by heredity but which are likely to have been made for worse by neglect. The valves which control the flow of blood in veins and arteries collapse as a result of poor circulation which can be caused by carrying too much weight, especially during pregnancy. ...
Skin Care- What Is Stasis Eczema?
Stasis eczema or venous eczema is caused on the lower limbs due to blood circulation problems. Stasis eczema affects those who have varicose veins or a blood clot in the legs. This kind of eczema will recur unless the cause is treated. Lets learn more about it. Symptoms- The eczema appears as red, weepy, crusty skin. It generally appears on the lower legs where varicose veins...
Varicose Vein Treatment - Ayurvedic and Home Remedies
Varicose veins refer to the condition in which the veins of the legs become varicosed, i.e. they appear swollen and bulging and can be made out from the outside. Varicose veins may be dark in color or may retain their original color. They are always painful. In case of prolonged varicose veins, there could be skin peeling and skin ulcers in certain affected parts of the legs. Varicose...
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Institute for War and Peace Reporting | Giving Voice, Driving Change
Yugoslavia's Self-Blockade
In the latest escalation of the conflict between the Belgrade and Podgorica, the Yugoslav Navy has ordered the closure of Montenegro's main port in Bar.
This move raises the stakes, striking directly at the economy of Serbia's junior partner in the Yugoslav federation.
Montenegrin analysts fear that the closure of the port is but the latest example of the creeping coup against their republic which began when Gen. Milorad Obradovic became head of the Yugoslav Army in Montenegro at the beginning of April. They believe that the Yugoslav Army is gradually taking control of all the most important aspects of Montenegrin life.
"If the port is closed for a long time, then we would apply pressure so that it opens again as soon as possible," said Dragisa Burzan, Montenegro's deputy prime minister. He points out that the Yugoslav Army has already closed the port on several occasions, but that on each occasion it was re-opened after a few days.
The Yugoslav Army has already used the port of Bar to launch a surface-to-air missile at NATO war planes, despite the wishes of the Montenegrin authorities who are determined to remain neutral in the conflict.
"A long closure of the commercial port could prove catastrophic both for the citizens and for the economy, and especially for supplying Montenegro with humanitarian aid," said Jusuf Kalamperovic. the republic's Minister for Sea and Transport. The ban applies both to commercial and passenger ships.
According to Kalamperovic, a ship loaded with timber for export is waiting to sail out of the port, and a ship containing raw material for
Montenegro's aluminium-production plant, one of the republic's most important companies with 4,000 employees, is waiting to disembark.
"Unless the port of Bar is opened soon, the KAP [the aluminium-production plant] will halt production," said Mihailo Banjevic, chief executive of the aluminium production plant.
According to Banjevic, a ship that was to transport 1,000 tonnes of aluminium is unable to leave port with the result that the plant is unable to pay its debts to the electricity utility and to the mines.
If the port remains blockaded for a long time, he fears that it will result in closure not only of the aluminium production plant, but also of several more factories dependent on its work.
In addition to the financial losses inflicted directly on the Montenegrin economy, the blockade is having an indirect effect, namely the gradual subjugation of Podgorica to Belgrade. President Milo Djukanovic's government finds its room for manoeuvre more limited by the day.
The Socialist People's Party (SNP), the party of Milosevic loyalists in Montenegro, has published a draft resolution calling on the republic's parliament to condemn the NATO "aggression".
It is also demanding that parliament reaffirms that the Yugoslav Army is the principal armed force in Montenegro, exclusively responsible for all military formations in the republic.
Montenegro is deeply divided not only over the attitude towards the NATO intervention, but also over the future of the Serbian-Montenegrin federation.
The most outspoken critic of Belgrade and the SNP is Novak Kilibarda, Deputy Prime Minister and leader of the People's Party. He is being charged by the Yugoslav Army as a "threat to the defensive capacity of the country" for stating that: "NATO cannot be an aggressor, because it is an alliance."
While reserving his support for independence, Kilibarda has called for a change in the relationship between the two remaining Yugoslav republics. "Yugoslavia as a confederation of Serbia and Montenegro would be the best solution, given that this federation has proved to be impractical," he told SKY SAT / MONTENA television.
NATO's first strike against a non-military target - a bridge in the village of Murino in the Plav municipality was destroyed recently, killing four civilians, including two children - has added to Montenegro's internal dilemma. NATO considered the bridge on the river Lim a legitimate target since its destruction cut off a possible supply route of fuel to Kosovo.
"NATO believed that the bridge could be used for the movement of armoured units of the Yugoslav Army to Kosovo. But there are many other ways to stop them elsewhere, and not in the middle of the village", said Deputy Prime Minister Burzan.
Despite the ever increasing tensions between Serbia and Montenegro, Prime Minister Filip Vujanovic expressed optimism in the talks with the representatives of the tourist industry in Montenegro that the Kosovo crisis will be solved soon.
"The lords of war and peace in Belgrade must finally understand that this destruction ought to stop," he said.
Ljubinka N. Cagorovic is a journalist in Podgorica.
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Elements to Look At When Choosing the Top Air Conditioning & Heating Professionals
We all know the importance of having a good air conditioning and heating system, but in order for us to achieve this, we have to make sure that we are dealing with the right professionals to give us high-quality services. Now! In this discussion, we are going to provide you with some of the things that you have to look at it when you are choosing the right service provider when it comes to air conditioning and heating systems. The fact that air conditioning and heating requires enough training and qualification, it would mean that you also have to look at the credentials that the professionals will be providing you with the services so that you make sure that they have the necessary skills and knowledge that will be required for them to give you high quality services. Before you settle for a particular service provider when it comes to air conditioning and heating also make sure that they have a good reputation since this would mean that they care about their image and therefore would want to deliver good services to their customers.
It is usually important to do proper groundwork and research before you get to choose a particular company to provide you with air conditioning and heating services and this means that you will have to come up with a list of service providers in order for you to make a valid and wise decision. Since we all know that the majority of individuals usually use air conditioning and heating services in their homes and workplaces, it would therefore be in order to also make sure that you get enough information on the various recommendations and referrals that you are able to find from friends relatives and colleagues. It is usually quite crucial to make sure that you save on costs, and one of the ways that you can do this is by ensuring that the service provider that you get to choose comes from within your location in order for you not to incur transportation costs.
A trading license is a very important document that has to be provided by various service providers and this will mean that you will also have to ensure that you request for one in order for you to know that you are dealing with professionals and not individuals who have not been authorized by the government. Insurance is also another very important document that has to be produced by the particular company offering you with the services so that you may be in a position not worry about any accidents or incidents that may occur at your place of work or even your home. For more info on this topic, simply click here on this site and read more in order to learn more pointers.
Cited reference: look here


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8 June 2018
The largest gathering this year of like-minded Greens across the South West takes place at Dorchester Corn Exchange - the South West Green Conference - on Saturday 16th and Sunday 17th June.
Registration opens at 10 am on the Saturday at the Dorchester Corn Exchange. You can book tickets on the Green Party website.
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