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Automation of telephone operator assistance calls
This invention relates to methods and apparatus for automatically processing operator assistance calls. A caller is connected to an automated operator position. The automated position has speech recognition facilities to replace those of an operator, has announcement capabilities to replace those of an operator, and has control apparatus for transmitting and receiving the same set of messages transmitted and received by an operator position. Advantageously, the operator assistance switch has the same interface to an automated position as to an operator position and interacts with the two identically. Since the capabilities of the automated position are limited by its program, the automated position switches a call to an automated position when a situation occurs for which it has not been programmed. Advantageously, a switch need not be specially programmed to communicate with an automated position. Advantageously, new operator assistance services can be provided automatically without rewriting the complex control software of the switch. The invention further relates to the use of automated operator positions for providing spontaneous voice message service wherein a caller converts a call to a message call if the called party does not answer or is busy, and to a method of recognizing a voice specified destination and establishing a call to that destination.
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This invention relates to methods and apparatus for automating the processing of operator assistance type telecommunications calls.PROBLEM
Over the past several decades, a great deal of toll telephone traffic which used to be handled by operators has been automated. The initial step of automating what was originally operator assistance traffic was to offer customer-dialed long distance call service. Then, customer-dialed operator assistance calls were introduced to permit operators to process calls for which the number had already been dialed. Automatic recording of telephone charges was introduced also at that time. Today, the category of fully or partially automated operator assistance telephone traffic includes coin calls, calling card calls, automatic quotation of charges for hotel guest originated calls, and partial automation of collect and person calls. In spite of the intensive effort to automate operator assistance calls, telephone companies annually spent over a billion dollars for operator wages and accompanying overhead costs.
Operator assisted calls are processed from attended operator positions attached to operator assistance switching systems or switches. These switches are operated under the control of a complex program, generally referred to as a generic program, which must be tested very carefully to ensure that no program flaws remain that could cause a system to "crash" or become non-functional. The switch communicates with operator positions by data messages used to operate displays at the operator position, and to transmit information keyed by the operator, in response to instructions from the caller, to the switch. The generic program is designed carefully to ensure that poor data received from an operator switch does not affect more than one call. A problem in such switches is that it is difficult to introduce new services and to automate operator functions because of the difficulty of changing the generic program.
In A. N. Daudelin, U.S. Pat. No. 4,797,910, a speech recognition unit that is a part of an operator assistance switch is used to determine a call type, and cooperate in the automatic establishment of the call. When the called party answers on a collect call, the speech recognition unit determines whether the called customer accepts the call.
A problem of the prior art relates to automatic dialing of frequently dialed telephone numbers. This need is served by customer station equipment in which these frequently dialed numbers can be preset or in telephone central office arrangements which, in response to an abbreviated identification, establish a call to a prespecified destination. In both cases, the arrangements are operative only when the customer dials from his or her home or office telephone or from a mobile phone which has been preprogrammed with the desired telephone numbers.SOLUTION
The above problem is solved and an advance is made over the prior art in accordance with the principles of our invention wherein an unattended automated position is substituted for some of the operator positions attached to an operator assistance switch; such an automated position includes means for recognizing commands such as speech commands, for making announcements to a connected telephone customer, and optionally, for detecting DTMF digits, for recording speech, and for detecting a switch-hook "flash" (i.e., a brief depression of the switch-hook). In one preferred embodiment, the interface between the operator position and the operator assistance switching system is maintained for the automated position so that the existing data communications in both directions are the same. The assistance switching system communicates with the positions using the same messages for generating displays at the operator position and the automated position. Similarly, the automated position communicates with the switching system using the same messages used by the operator position for controlling switching system operations. If an automated position cannot process a particular call, either because the call type is not anticipated in the program controlling the automated position, or because the automated position cannot recognize the caller' s speech, the automated position sends a data message to the switch asking that the call be switched to an attended operator position. Advantageously, the switching system has already been designed to react in a safe manner to any combination of control signals from the operator position so that the amount of damage inflicted on other calls as a result of improper performance by an automated position is highly restricted.
The automated position can access a remote database in essentially the same way that an operator position does. The automated position sends the same kinds of messages and performs the same kind of data interpretation of the return message as is performed by an operator at a conventional operator position.
The problem of providing a simplified arrangement for dialing frequently called numbers, when the caller is away from his home or office or is using a mobile phone that has not been programmed with the appropriate numbers, is solved by connecting the caller to automated position means for recognizing a spoken command from the caller. These spoken commands are individually recorded for each caller and the commands are compared only with the command previously recorded for that caller. Advantageously, a connection is set up to a prespecified number in response to a spoken command from the caller. The number which is used for accessing the caller's repertory of spoken commands may be preprogrammed into a mobile telephone unit so that commands which are recorded from the customer so that access to the appropriate voice recognition system is simplified. Advantageously, such an arrangement allows a caller, such as a busy attorney with frequent changes of clients, to record the telephone numbers of his or her current clients and to access these clients while away from home without having to remember their telephone numbers.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of an operator assistance switch and a connected operator position and automated position group;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an automated position group; and
FIGS. 3-6 are flow diagrams of a method for offering spontaneous voice messaging service and a simplified arrangement for dialing frequently called numbers in conformance with the principles of this invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The principles of the present invention may be understood by examining an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system arranged to incorporate the present invention. The novel portion of FIG. 1 is an automated position group, block 50, shown in heavy outline and expanded in FIG. 2. Block 1 represents a telecommunications switch operating under stored program control and having within it the elements necessary for practicing the invention. Switch 1 is a switch such as the 5ESS switch manufactured by AT&T Technologies, Inc., arranged to offer the Operator Services Position System (OSPS) features. The 5ESS switch is described, for example, in AT&T Technical Journal, v. 64, no. 6, part 2, pp. 1305-1564, and the OSPS feature is described, for example, in Paper 3, Session 22C presented at the International Switching Symposium in May, 1984.
Within switch 1 are various blocks for carrying out the functions of a telecommunications switch. Control 10 is a distributed control system operating under the control of a group of data and call processing programs to control various blocks of the switch. In order to practice the present invention, the operator services control programs must be augmented by programs described in the flow charts of FIGS. 3-6. Control 10 is used to control operations of switch 1. Block 12 is a voice and data switching network capable of switching voice and/or data between inputs connected to the switching network.
In this embodiment, network 12 has integrated voice/data outputs in the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) format. The switch communicates with operator positions over an ISDN connection with a Basic Rate Interface (BRI) for communicating two B-channels (64 kbit/second (kb/s)) and one D-channel (16 kb/s). The B-channels are used for voice signals in this embodiment. Connected to the switch are a conventional operator position 24, attended by a human operator, and automated position group 50, shown in detail in FIG. 2. The automated position group 50 serves four simultaneous calls and includes facilites for performing voice processing. The voice processing arrangement receives an input signal which may be either voice or a dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) signal and has the capability for analyzing that signal to distinguish among the various allowable DTMF signals and among the individual elements of a predetermined list of spoken responses. The voice processing arrangement also generates tones and voice messages to prompt a customer to speak or key information into the system for subsequent recognition by the voice processing unit. In addition, the voice processing unit has the capability for recording a short customer response, typically, a name, for subsequent playback to a called terminal. These recordings may also be saved for subsequent use in fraud detection. For example, evidence can be accumulated for stations with a high propensity for fraud. Within the automated position group, the voice processing arrangement generates an output data message, representing the result of the voice processing; this output message is used as an input to a program in the automated position group for controlling the generation of position messages to the switch 10. In response, the switch controls the establishment of connections in switching network 12 and generates display data for the automated position 50. The Conversant.RTM. Voice Information System, manufactured by AT&T Technologies, Inc., is one unit which can be used to carry out the functions of the voice processing arrangement.
Two types of data systems are used by switch 1 in order to set up operator assistance calls in conformance with the principles of this invention. Local data base system 16 is directly accessible by control 10 of switch 1 via switching network 12. Remote data base system 20 is accessible to control 10 of switch 1 via switching network 12 and an interconnecting data network 18. A remote data base system is typically used for storing data that is shared by many switches. For example, a remote data base system might store data pertaining to customers for a region; the particular remote data base system that is accessed via data network 18 would be selected to be the remote data base system associated with the region of the called terminal. Interconnecting data network 18 can be any well known data network and specifically could be a common channel signaling system such as the international standard telecommunications signaling system CCS 7.
Transaction recorder 22 is used for recording data about calls for subsequent processing. This data typically is billing data which is subsequently sent over a data link to be processed by a billing processor in order to prepare customer bills. The transaction recorder is also used for recording traffic data in order to engineer additions properly and in order to control traffic dynamically.
Operator position 24 connected to switch 1 comprises a terminal for use by an operator in order to control operator assistance calls. Data displays for the terminal of operator position 24 are generated by control 10. Operator position 24 is connected to the voice and data switching network 12 by operator access facility 26 which may include carrier facilities in order to allow the operator position to be located remotely from switching network 12. Alternatively, operator access facility 26 may be a simple voice and data access facility if the operator positions are located in close physical proximity to the switching network. Only one operator position is shown in FIG. 1 but it is understood that a typical switch, arranged to offer operator assistance services, has access to a large number of such operator positions.
It is often desirable that certain kinds of operator functions be assigned to specialized teams. One example is Spanish-speaking operators who could be accessed by customers with English language difficulties whose native language is Spanish. Another example is operators who have access to the special facilities required for setting up conference calls. Still another example is operators from a customer credit and service bureau who have access to customer billing records who can handle customer requests for billing information and for credit in case a customer reached a wrong number. In order to access the proper one of these operator teams, a customer's spoken command, or, in the case of a customer with a DTMF terminal, a keyed command code is used. In some cases (not shown in FIG. 1) specialized teams may be attached to a different switch in which case an interconnecting network is used to connect the originating customer to that switch for connection to an operator from an appropriate operator team.
Connected to switch 1 are interconnecting networks 30 and 32. These are networks which may include one or more switches and which are used for interconnecting voice and data signals between customer terminals and switch 1. Also connected to switch 1 are customer lines, including customer line 44, for connecting a calling terminal 42 to switch 1. The word "terminal" as used herein includes a simple customer telephone station, a customer station with more elaborate features such as magnetic stripe card readers, or a customer voice/data terminal. Calling terminal 40 is connected through interconnecting network 30 to switch 1. In this specific example, calling terminal 40 is connected by a customer line to a 1AESS switch and that switch is connected to trunk 31 which is connected to switch 1. For the sake of clarity, a separate interconnecting network 32 is shown as being interposed between switch 1 and called terminal 46. In practice, interconnecting networks 30 and 32 are parts of a much larger common carrier network. In the example call described below, interconnecting network 32 contains different switches from interconnecting network 30. Called terminal 46 is connected to interconnecting network 32 and via that network can be accessed by switch 1. If the calling terminal is not directly connected to switch 1, the directory number of the calling terminal, identified, for example, by automatic number identification, is transmitted from the switch connected to the calling terminal to switch 1.
The term "operator assistance call" as used herein also refers to calls some of which are already automated. For example, Automated Calling Card Service (ACCS) has made it possible for customers having a DTMF terminal to place a calling card call without requiring the services of an operator. As discussed hereinafter, other classes of operator assistance calls may also no longer require the service of an operator according to the principles of this invention. Thus, the term "operator assistance call" refers to those classes of calls which have in the past usually required the service of an operator, such as those which are dialed with an initial digit 0.
In order to illustrate the basic principles of the invention, a simple collect call from calling terminal 42 to called terminal 46 will be described. The customer at a calling terminal is referred to as a calling customer or caller. In this example, the called customer at terminal 46 has agreed ahead of time to accept collect calls but wishes to be informed when an incoming call is a collect call. The caller at terminal 42 dials or keys 0, followed by the directory number of called terminal 46. This number which is dialed over customer line 44 is received in voice and data switching network 12 and passed to control 10 via control access 11. Control 10 analyzes this dialed (using a dial terminal) or keyed (using a DTMF terminal) number and recognizes that calling terminal 42 has placed some kind of operator assistance call. In order to determine whether this is a calling card, third number (third), person-to-person (person), collect, Spanish-speaking (Spanish), conference, billing or other operator assistance call, it is necessary to connect the calling customer at terminal 42 to a port of automated position group 50. After this connection has been established, automated position group 50 returns a (prompting) tone to calling terminal 42. In response to this tone, if the calling customer at terminal 42 has a DTMF telecommunications terminal, the customer will dial a two-digit command code identifying the class of the call to be placed as a collect call. If the calling customer does not have a DTMF terminal or chooses to speak, then the customer can speak one of the allowed call type phrases such as: collect, calling card, person, third number, operator, espanol (to request a Spanish-speaking operator), conference, or billing, and, in this case, will say "Collect". If the calling customer fails to key in the command code or to speak the command, he or she will be prompted by an announcement which says: "Please say collect, calling card, person, third number, espanol, conference, billing, or operator now." The keyed command code, or the spoken command is analyzed by automated position group 50 which determines that a collect call is to be set up. The tone or announcement is used to prompt the calling customer to give the requested response. After a time, only the tone may be required since customers will learn to interpret the tone as a prompting signal. To reassure the calling customer, that customer receives an announcement from voice processing unit 1405 (FIG. 2) of automated position group 50, while the call is being set up, to indicate that a collect call is being set up from his terminal to the called customer.
A connection is then set up through interconnecting network 32 to called terminal 46. The characteristics of called customers, with respect to what kinds of collect calls they will accept, are stored in regional data base systems such as remote data base system 20 which contains data for called terminal 46. Other kinds of originating and terminating customer data are stored in local or remote data base systems as convenient. System 20 is queried before the connection to the called customer is being established. For this example call, the query indicates that the called customer will accept all collect calls but wishes to be informed that an incoming call is collect.
When called terminal 46 answers, the answer signal is transmitted back to switching network 12 and is passed to control 10 via control access 11. When control 10 receives this answer signal, control 10 sets up a connection in switching network 12 from automated position group 50 through interconnecting network 32 to called terminal 46 to announce to the called customer that this is a collect call. Since called customer 46 has agreed in advance to accept all collect calls, the call between calling terminal 42 and called terminal 46 may be set up through switching network 12 after this announcement has been received by the called customer. Note that this exemplary call has been established without requiring the services of an operator.
Customers may specify that they will accept all collect calls, that they wish to decide without further data whether or not to accept each collect call, that they want to know the name of the calling party and wish to decide for each call, or that they will accept no collect calls. Alternatively, an announcement to the called customer announcing a collect call could include the area code, the geographic locality, or the full directory number of the calling customer in order to supply the called customer with further call data that he can use in order to decide whether to accept the call, or could include a recording, made in the automated position group by the caller, of the caller's name.
In this specific embodiment, automated credit card calls are detected in parallel with other types of automated operator calls. This is in contrast with the present arrangements wherein card calls are detected first when a customer keys a calling card number in response to an initial "bong" tone. A disadvantage of this arrangement is that ACCS calls must be routed to an automated position thus utilizing the more expensive resources of an automated position instead of being connected to a DTMF detector. The advantage of the operation disclosed herein is that there is no need to wait for a timeout following the ACCS tone before attaching the automated position thereby providing faster service to customers for calls other than ACCS. An additional advantage is that the switch owner can modify the treatment of ACCS calls within the automated position without changing the control program of the switch.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an automated position group 50. The automated position group is connected via four ISDN digital subscriber lines grouped into entity 49 to corresponding ISDN T-interface line cards 1417 in switching network 12 of the operator assistance switch. Each of these digital subscriber lines is terminated to an ISDN Personal computer Interface Board (IPIB) 1401. This personal computer interface board 1401 has as outputs both a D-channel output 1421 for conveying data messages between the switching network and the control equipment of the automated position group and a voice-channel output 1423 for communicating with an automated position TIP/RING (T/R) interface module 1403. The interface module 1403 includes common circuits 1404 for interfacing to the time division multiplex bus 1415 and to four individual voice interface circuits 1402 for interfacing with the B-channels of the four ISDN interface boards 1401. The T/R interface module 1403 reconverts the analog voice-channel output of the IPIB to a digital signal; provides a line-equivalent balancing network (in contrast to the IPIB which provides an operator position equivalent balancing network); and provides the equivalent of DTMF receivers for detecting DTMF. The B-channel carries voice signals and DTMF tones from the calling or called customers connected to the line card 1417. The TIP/RING interface module 1403 conveys voice signals to time division multiplex bus 1415 for communication to the speech processing board 1405. The speech processing (SP) board processes speech signals and communicates with personal computer 1407 over an Advanced Technology (a common PC state of the art) bus 1413. The SP provides announcements and prompts, and receives spoken input which it processes to recognize the words of that input. It is also used for recording a spoken name (for example, for collect calls) and applies speech recognition grammar rules. Bus 1413 is a 32 bit PC bus for communicating among the blocks connected thereto. Local Area Network (LAN) interface 1419 is used to control bus 1413. The speech processor board identifies the spoken input and passes this data to PC 1407 which applies additional grammar checks using a software data interface process. Memory 1409 is a PC expansion memory, a random a access memory (RAM) to provide adequate RAM for the PC. The disk 1411 is a standard PC disk used for storing system software, drivers, program, office data, and digitized announcement and prompting phrases. The PC communicates data messages over one of the D-channels 1421 to one of the line cards 1417 and receives messages from the operator assistance switch over the same D-channel. A particular call is associated with a particular D-channel and line card while being served. The messages that are exchanged over this D-channel are exactly the same messages as are used in communicating with an operator position staffed by a human being and used for controlling the display of that operator position and for sending data representing information keyed by the operator to the operator assistance switch.
The arrangements of FIGS. 1 and 2 can also be used to offer spontaneous voice message service. If these arrangements are used for this purpose then the call completion action blocks are augmented by the sequence of the actions shown in the flow diagram of FIGS. 3-4. The augmentation is to offer spontaneous voice messaging service in case the call cannot be completed because the called party is busy or does not answer.
Test 1502 is used to represent a test to check whether the switch offers spontaneous voice message service. In practice, such a test would not be required since if the switch did not offer spontaneous voice message service, the details of FIGS. 3-4 simply would not be implemented. However, to show the flow of actions, if the switch does not offer spontaneous voice message service, then the automated position is released (action block 1504) and the call is set up in the conventional way (action block 1506). If, however, the switch does offer spontaneous voice message service, then the call is set up but the connection to the automated position is maintained (action block 1508). The call being set up is monitored from the automated position (action block 1510). If a disconnect is detected the call is disconnected (action block 1512). If an answer is detected, the call is completed conventionally (action block 1514). If a busy signal is detected or a timed no-answer is detected, then an offer to set up a VMS call is announced to the caller (action block 1516) from the automated position (action block 1516). During the announcement, if an answer is detected then the call is completed conventionally (action block 1514). If a spoken "no" is detected, the spoken "no" is ignored (action block 1517) in order to allow the caller to wait for a possible answer and to detect a disconnect leading to the disconnection of the call (action block 1512) after the customer stops waiting. However, if the customer, after responding "no" to the VMS prompt, continues to wait for a possible answer and exceeds a specified time-out period, the caller will be prompted for a final time (i.e., 1516), if a "no" is detected, the call will be disconnected (i.e., 1512). If a spoken "yes", a keyed 9 (for y or yes) or a keyed *867 (equals *VMS) is detected, then the forward connection to the called customer is released (action block 1518). The same action is performed if the calling customer keys *867 prior to the time of a timed no-answer. Following action block 1518, a test is made to see if the call is a collect call (test 1520). It would be against telephone company policy to allow collect calls for voice message calls since the voice message recipient has no opportunity to deny the collect call. It is, of course, possible in the future that a check can be made to see if the called number accepts collect voice message calls in which case a positive result of such a test would be treated in this flow chart as the equivalent of a "no" on the collect call test. At any rate, if the output of test 1520 is positive, then an announcement is made to the caller to offer a calling card option (1522). If this offer is refused (as detected by a disconnect or the absence of a spoken "yes" or keyed 9) then call is disconnected. If the offer is accepted, then the call is completed as a VMS calling card call including obtaining the customer's calling card number. Further, details of special call types are entered in the record of the voice message call to prepare for the special call delivery option described with respect to FIG. 5. If the call was not a collect call, a test is made whether the call was a calling card call (test 1526). If so, then the actions of block 1524 excluding the actions of obtaining the calling card number are performed to complete this as a VMS calling card call.
If this was not a calling card call, then alternate billing is offered for this VMS call (test 1528). If the offer is accepted by the customer saying "yes" or keying a DTMF 9, then action block 1531 is executed. Otherwise, action block 1530 is executed and the VMS call is completed using the present type of billing. This action includes recording special call type details if necessary. Action block 1531 is an announcement asking how the calling party would like to pay for the call. If the calling party says "station paid" or keys DTMF 1, then test 1532 is executed. If the calling party says "calling card" or keys DTMF 2, then action block 1524, previously described, is executed. If the calling party says "bill to third" or keys DTMF 3, then action block 1539 is executed. Otherwise the call is disconnected (action block 1512). Action block 1539 requests the third party number and checks for acceptance. If the charge is accepted, then the SVMS call is completed as a bill to third party call (action block 1540). Otherwise, if the charge is rejected, the call is simply disconnected (action block 1512).
If, in response to the announcement of action block 1531, the customer stated "station paid" or keyed DTMF 1, then test 1532 is performed to check whether the call is from a coin station. If not, test 1533 is performed to check whether the call is from a hotel having individual room billing. If not, then the spontaneous VMS call is completed and billed as a sent paid call (action block 1536). If the call is from a hotel, then an announcement is made to request the hotel room number from the caller (action block 1534). If the room number is successfully obtained, then the SVMS call is completed as a bill to hotel room call (action block 1535). If the caller fails to supply the hotel room number, the call is simply disconnected (action block 1512).
If test 1532 determines that the call is from a coin station, then the amount of the charge for an SVMS is determined and the required deposit is requested. If the customer fails to deposit this amount of money then the call is disconnected (action block 1512). Otherwise, the call is completed as an SVMS coin call (action block 1538).
The calls which are established using the methods of this specification are voice calls, data calls and facsimile calls.
An additional service which can be offered using the facilities of an automated operator is the following. Customers are assigned a specific individual telephone number which may be a number in the 1-700, 1-800, or 1-900 block which will be routed to a switching system containing prerecorded phrases in the voice of that customer. These phrases might be phrases such as: "Mom," "Broker," "Office," "Home," "Secretary," "Bob," "Betty," etc. The customer would dial his or her personal number, would be connected to this switching system and the switching system would select the prerecorded phrases based on that customer's specific number. Then, when the customer speaks, one of the prerecorded phrases, the automated operator system would match that phrase against one of the prerecorded phrases to determine the destination desired by the customer. Once that destination has been determined, the directory number of that destination is found and the call is completed to that directory number. Subsequently, if the call is to a busy telephone or is not answered spontaneous voice message service can be invoked. These actions are described with respect to blocks 1550, 1552, and 1554. Block 1550 indicates that when the customer dials this personal number, that caller is connected to a system having an automatic operator that contains the stored phrases of that customer and the customer is connected to such an automated operator (action block 1550). The customer speaks the phrase identifying the destination (action block 1552) and the automated operator identifies the number associated with that phrase (action block 1554). Thereafter, the call is set up and monitored for a possible SVMS request (action block 1508 et seq.).
FIG. 5 is a description of call delivery from a voice message system or from an automated position for providing voice message service as described herein. A previously recorded message is considered for delivery to the called customer by first setting up a connection to the called customer (action block 1602). Such attempts are made according to scheduling algorithms which are well known in the art and are described, for example, in Phoneplus (magazine), Jun. 1990, pages 35-39. If there is a time out with no answer, the call is disconnected (action block 1604) and another attempt will be made according to the previous history of delivery for that call as amended by the fact that there has been no answer detected (action block 1606). If a busy signal is detected, then the call is disconnected (action block 1608) and another attempt based on the schedule of having encountered a busy signal is tried later (action block 1610). If an answer is detected, then a test 1620 is performed to detect whether this is a special service call. If not, the voice message is delivered (action block 1622). If so, the called customer is prompted for an identification. This prompt may be proceeded by an identification of the destination customer (action block 1624). If the customer speaks or keys the proper identification which is a personal identification number (action block 1626), test 1628 checks whether the identification is correct. If so, the voice message is delivered (action block 1622). If not, a counter is incremented (action block 1630) and a test 1632 is made whether the identification has been keyed more than three times. If so, the call is disconnected and a record is made that someone is trying to access the voice message. If not, the called customer is given another chance to key the correct identification. This kind of service can be provided by giving the called customer a 700 number and recording in the database for that 700 number, the POTS directory of that customer so that the call can be completed if the customer is available and by storing the customer's personal identification number. If a caller wishes to leave a voice message and does not wish to try to complete the call, then the caller can simply press *867 immediately after dialing in order to request the voice message service. Advantageously, such an arrangement ensures that private messages are delivered only to the appropriate recipient.
This arrangement can also be used for setting up 1+calls, (i.e., calls which are not of an operator assistance type). If such a call is received in switch 1 (action block 1540, FIG. 3), then test 1542 determines whether the caller has SVMS service. This test is performed as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,042 by querying the translation database of switch 1 to determine whether the customer has that service. In some cases, a telephone operating company will choose to offer the service to all customers. The customer is identified by an automatic number identification forwarded from the end office connected to the customer or is simply identified by the location on the switch if the switch is an end office for that customer. If the caller does not have SVMS the call is set up conventionally (action block 1544) but if the caller does have SVMS then a connection is set up to an automated position for monitoring the call (action block 1546) and thereafter the actions described above with respect to action block 1508 et seq. are performed.
By equipping the automated position group 50 with an appropriate program in its PC 1407, voice message service can be provided from the automated position group and further the additional program to provide spontaneous voice message service can also be provided from PC 1407. Disk 1411 is used for storing voice messages and speech processor 1405 can be used for recognizing speech (such as spoken numbers and "yes" and "no") for detecting dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) signals keyed by customers and for detecting busy tone and answer signals as received from a called switch. The programs for controlling voice message service are well known in the art. The programs for controlling spontaneous voice message service have been described herein and for providing spontaneous voice message service on non-operator calls from another switch have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,042. Alternatively, centralized voice message service can be utilized in conjunction with the principles of this invention by switching a call to a centralized voice message system at the time that a decision has been made to complete a VMS call (action block 1524 or action block 1530 of FIG. 4). These action blocks would simply be replaced by an action block to set up a connection to a voice message center and to forward to that voice message center the accumulated records for the call. The voice message center can effect delivery including the delivery of special service calls in the same way as the automated position group adapted to provide spontaneous voice message service. A third option is to provide a voice messaging system 52 (FIG. 1) attached to the operator switch.
It may be desirable to provide a number of specialized automated position groups having a large amount of disk space available to provide voice message service while the rest of the automated position groups are primarily dedicated to handling operator functions. If this decision is made, then at the time when a decision is made to set up a voice message call the call is rerouted to one of these specialists automated position groups; this specialist automated position group then also performs the message delivery function of FIG. 5.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the method for allowing subscribers to prerecord phrases for subsequent recognition by an automated operator as described with respect to block 1550 et seq. The subscriber dials a special directory change number, presumably an 800 number, which gives that subscriber and all other subscribers served from the automated position group in which the subscriber phrases are stored, the recognition capabilities for recognizing that subscriber's phrases (action block 1702). The subscriber is prompted for the outbound number that is dedicated to that subscriber for the service (the 700, 800, or 900 number assigned to that customer) (action block 1704). The subscriber enters the appropriate outbound number via DTMF (action block 1706). The subscriber is then prompted for a personal identification number to make sure that only the authorized subscriber can change the list (action block 1708). The subscriber enters the personal identification number via DTMF (action block 1710). Assuming that the personal identification number is correct (if it is not correct the subscriber may be re-prompted and subsequently be disconnected), the subscriber is asked if he/she wishs to add or delete an entry or quit (action block 1712). The subscriber speaks a choice (action block 1714). If the choice is "quit", then the call is disconnected (action block 1750).
If the choice is "add", then the subscriber is prompted to enter the phone number of the new party by DTMF (action block 1716). The customer is then asked to speak the identity of the client three times (action blocks 1718, 1720, 1722). The entry is then added to the subscriber's list (action block 1724), and action block 1712 is reentered.
If the subscriber speaks the word "delete", then the subscriber is prompted to speak the identity of the entry to be deleted (action block 1730). Test 1732 is used to check whether the identity is recognized. If the identity is recognized, then the entry is deleted and an announcement to that effect is made (action block 1734), a count (discussed hereinafter with respect to action blocks 1736 and 1738) is reset, and action block 1712 is reentered. If the identity is not recognized, then a count is incremented (action block 1736) and test 1738 is performed to determine whether the count is still less than three. If so, then action block 1730 is entered; if not, action block 1712 is entered.
The above description is considered to be only an illustrative embodiment of the invention. Other alternatives are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, a service to the handicapped may be offered by asking them to speak an identifying command followed by a spoken directory number to allow them to set up standard, normally dialed, calls. Further, it is possible to have many different tradeoffs between what is recognized by automatic voice processing techniques and what is recognized only by use of an operator. Prompting tones and prompting announcements can be selected based on experience in human factors tests and can be changed as customers become more sophisticated. It is to be understood that various and numerous other arrangements may be devised by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is thus limited only as defined in the accompanying claims.
1. In a switching system for connection to an attended operator position, a method of establishing a call comprising the steps of:
- responsive to receiving a number for identifying a calling customer, establishing a connection from said switching system to means for recognizing spoken commands for the identified calling customer;
- recognizing a spoken command from said calling customer for identifying a number of a called customer corresponding to said spoken command of said calling customer, said spoken command being individual to said calling customer; and
- establishing a call to a telephone station identified by said identified number;
- wherein said means for recognizing spoken commands communicate with said switching system by data messages essentially identical to data messages for communicating with said attended operator position.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
- prior to said establishing a connection, recording spoken commands and corresponding telephone numbers for said customer, for subsequent use in said recognizing step, in response to receiving another call from said customer.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein establishment of said another call comprises receiving a number for identifying said calling customer and a personal identification number for authenticating said call.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein said recording comprises receiving telephone numbers as a series of dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) signals.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said number for identifying a calling customer is dialed into a first switching system for subsequent transmission to a second switching system comprising said means for recognizing.
6. The method of claim 1 when said means for recognizing spoken commands comprise speaker dependent means for recognizing said spoken commands.
7. A method of establishing a call comprising the steps of:
- responsive to receiving a number for identifying a calling customer, establishing a connection to means for recognizing spoken commands for the identified calling customer;
- recognizing a spoken command from said calling customer for identifying a number of a called customer corresponding to said spoken command of said calling customer, said spoken command being individual to said calling customer; and
- establishing a call to a telephone station identified by said identified number;
- wherein the step of establishing a connection is executed in a switching system having a switching network with a plurality of ports for connection to an operator position and control means for controlling said network and wherein the step of establishing a connection comprises the step of establishing a connection to automated operator position means for recognizing said spoken commands and wherein the step of establishing a call comprises transmitting a message from said automated operator position means to said control means, said message being essentially the same as a message from an attended operator position, for establishing said call.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of:
- prior to said establishing a connection, recording spoken commands and corresponding telephone numbers for said customer, for subsequent use in said recognizing step, in response to receiving another call from said customer.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein establishment of said another call comprises receiving a number for identifying said calling customer and a personal identification number for authenticating said call.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein said recording comprises receiving telephone numbers as a series of dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) signals.
11. The method of claim 7 wherein said number for identifying a calling customer is dialed into a first switching system for subsequent transmission to a second switching system comprising said means for recognizing.
|February 17, 1987
|Clowes et al.
|May 2, 1989
|Binkerd et al.
|June 6, 1989
|July 25, 1989
|Zwick et al.
|August 1, 1989
|January 23, 1990
|Belfield et al.
|February 6, 1990
|Lee et al.
|June 5, 1990
|Baral et al.
|April 1984
|October 1983
- "Conversant 1 Voice System: Architecture and Applications", R. J. Perdue et al., AT&T Tech. Jour., vol. 65, No. 5, Sep./Oct. 1986, pp. 34-47. "A Voice Password System for Access Security", M. Birnbaum et al., AT&T Tech. Jour., vol. 65, No. 5, Sep./Oct. 1986, pp. 68-74. "MCI's ANI-Changing the Way We Shop", H. Newton, Teleconnect, Aug. 1989, pp. 122, 123, 126. "Talking Data", P. Kneisel, Inbound/Outbound Magazine, Oct. 1989, pp. 24-28.
Type: Grant
Filed: Mar 27, 1991
Date of Patent: Jan 19, 1993
Assignee: AT&T Bell Laboratories (Murray Hill, NJ)
Inventors: Douglas C. Dowden (Naperville, IL), Richard W. Hemmeter (Naperville, IL), Diane E. Herr (Warrenville, IL), William K. McCormick (Chester, NJ), Robert Petrelli (East Brunswick, NJ), Richard J. Piereth (Naperville, IL), Samuel M. Salchenberger (Elmhurst, IL), Chander S. Sehgal (Naperville, IL), Mahendra K. Verma (Marlboro, NJ)
Primary Examiner: Thomas W. Brown
Attorney: Werner Ulrich
Application Number: 7/675,779
International Classification: H04M 350; H04M 700; H04Q 372;


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Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) is an infrastructure of metal and counterfeit in factory site, this structure is transported or shipped to the actual site and where actual assembling takes places with different nut and tools, to build the setup. Pre-engineered Buildings is one of the trending concept and vital for the factories, especially for those who have their warehouse in factory premises. Even for that enterprise who have their workshop and production outlet.
As per report analysis, the global PEB market to grow at a CAGR of 11.96% during the period 2016-2020.
As PEB comes with wide space and huge floors, with fewer columns and bars for interruptions, its great concept and helpful for many enterprises who want such requirements. PEB allows great space hence they allow store and kept the equipment and materials, they can keep in racks or some arrangement is made for them.
Get a Sample Report @ https://www.wiseguyreports.com/sample-request/526496-global-pre-engineered-buildings-market-2016-2020
For more information or any query mail at email@example.com
Apart from providing great space "Pre-engineered Buildings" have the various advantage that drives most of enterprise and factories.
- Reduce the most development time or construction time, it can be moved from one places to other.
- Larger clear space with no columns.
- PBE can be expanded any time need, which cannot be done in regular construction, it is a great advantage.
- PBE structure is last for a long time it has strong durability, getting rust or any other issues, it is made according to conditions.
Population growth and rapid urbanization are other drivers of the global construction market. Developed markets have a positive view of business, because the impact of the global financial crisis, the stability in domestic income and the improvement of public finances.
The number of workers in Japan has decreased due to the decrease in old population and reduced reproductive rate. This has affected the economy, which has led to a weak growth in the Japanese construction sector. Economic slowdown in Europe due to slowdown in European equity markets and slowdown in China and other emerging economies due to slowdown in exports. This will affect the whole European economy, which will affect the construction industry in the region.
The report is likely to present the current situation and the possibility of global PEB growth. To reach the market size, the study is the revenue generated from global sales of PEBs. Reports based on in-depth market analysis have been prepared with information gathered from industry experts. The studies cover the market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. This report also includes the discussion of leading players in this market. The various factors that drive the market, different opportunities, and challenges are also studied and explain. The market study and analysis provided for the period of 2017-2022.
The PEB covers following major players are BlueScope Steel, Kirby Building Systems, PEB Steel Buildings, Zamil Steel, Era Infra, Everest Industries, Interarch, Building Products, Jindal Buildsys, Lloyd Insulations, Multicolor Steels and the regions are APAC, Europe, North America, ROW.
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subset: commoncrawl


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OK, but here's the real question; how much are GAs?
Prices for GA in London I can live with. Just over £60 with fees but sold out for all four dates. Prices for the seats, to me, are astronomical though. I just won't pay it. Very sad.
GA for Boston was $68, or $87.50 after taxes and fees. With this stage setup, an absolute STEAL in today's market.
I wouldn't pay $200+ for a ticket. GA is creeping ever so slowly to $100 per person...and you don't even get a seat :-) I get that they have to offset the low prices of GA and the very inexpensive $35 by having the best reserved tickets be expensive, but no way should they be more than the monthly payment on a family sedan. I've been to 8 shows, soon to be 9, and they are getting close to pricing me out, a fan of 23 years.For a populist band, $300+ for a single ticket to a two hour concert is disgraceful. At that price, I don't think they are worth it. No band is worth that. There's no reason that the most expensive tickets can't be around $150, other than pure greed.Thankfully I was able to get GA tickets, otherwise I would've tried for the crappy $35 tickets at the regular sale, and if that failed, just decided to stay home.


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The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Essay | Bartleby
Children and adults alike will enjoy the humor and suspense of these two beloved classics of American literature. At the age of six he was introduced to his namesake, George Washington.
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He studied law but then was sent to Europe because of his health and was to spend 17 years abroad. When he was thirty-five his family's business went bankrupt. It was then that he began to support himself by writing. He wrote letters, essays and short fiction. Washington Irving died in Customer Reviews Average Review. See All Customer Reviews.
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- The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®!
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USD 2. Sign in to Purchase Instantly. Product Details About the Author. About the Author Washington Irving, the first American writer to make his living by his profession, was born April 3, Average Review. Write a Review. Related Searches. And here, before setting forth, let me indulge in a few previous remarks on Spanish scenery and Spanish travelling.
Many are apt to picture Spain to their imaginations as a soft southern region, decked out with the luxuriant charms of voluptuous Italy. On the contrary, though there are exceptions in some of the maritime provinces, yet, for the greater part, it is a stern, melancholy country, with rugged mountains, and long sweeping plains, destitute of trees, and indescribably silent and lonesome, partaking of the savage and solitary character of Africa.
What adds to this silence and loneliness, is the absence of singing-birds, a natural consequence of the want of groves and hedges. The vulture and the eagle are seen wheeling about the mountain-cliffs, and soaring over the plains, and groups of shy bustards stalk about the heaths; but the myriads of smaller birds, which animate the whole face of other countries, are met with in but few provinces in Spain, and in those chiefly among the orchards and gardens which surround the habitations of man Account Options Sign in.
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The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Switch to the audiobook. Since then they have been adapted and interpreted in countless ways—from the comical to the serious and for the very young to the adult.
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Washington Irving. The quintessential American writer, Washington Irving emerged as the country's first popular author with such beloved nineteenth-century short stories as "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle. Filled with satire, pathos, and picturesque observations, these remarkable stories are important foundations of the American literary tradition.


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Consider this the first installment of what I hope will be a weekly recap of collaborative JARS lessons. In the spirit of "Cinco de Mayo," I worked with a fellow SLP and one of our favorite special education classroom teachers to facilitate a silly, fun and engaging routine activity.
We started out with a dramatic reading of "Dragons Love Tacos," (which, FUN FACT! – is also available in Spanish as Dragones y Tacos (Spanish Edition).) I take full responsibility for potentially making the reading TOO dramatic as two of our kids started crying when the dragons burned the house down towards the end.
Rest assured, I showed them the picture of the rebuilt house and told them it was going to be OK. Dragons are very good samaritans and they did not mean to burn the house down. It was the darn spicy salsa.
I really exaggerated the word HATE because:
1) Dragons really HATE tacos and
2) It's an important concept for kids to learn and will start to introduce them to the idea of opposites and antonyms (love vs. hate.)
We defined hate as "don't like" and the adults in the room gave examples of things we hate. I, for one, HATE olives and cars that honk their horns too much. I shared that with the class. The kids with noise canceling headphones were empathetic. I mean they didn't say it, but I imagined they might be haha.
The kids then transitioned from circle reading time to their tables where they went through with the joint action routine schedule (JARS) to create SILLY tacos.
Once the students finished following directions to create their silly tacos, they were prompted to feed the hungry dragon, signal that they finished and get the attention of an adult to ask for a snack. Today's snack of choice was chips and ::drumroll please:: SALSA!!
Mild salsa only, but if you're brave you can bring in some spicy salsa for your kids.
The visual schedule is currently available in English AND Spanish on the TpT store. Check it out! And please comment and share if you decide to do this with your kiddos.
Update: I repeated this lesson from my fourth and fifth graders and they enjoyed it just as much as the kindergarten class. They were also able to follow the schedule more independently and practice their reading skills.


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Keto Blaze Diet Cut out soda and carbonated beverages. Soda is a big offender in the event it comes to unpack body fat. The neatest thing you could do for your body will be always to replace the soda happen to be drinking with water. Water is vital to…Read more


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From the initial "pop" to the subsequent "splash", there's something immediately satisfying about stabbing a water balloon and watching it explode into a mess of water and rubber.
I think we can all relate to Spaz the Jack Russell terrier as he methodically slays this pile of plump water balloons curiously gathered on a trampoline one by one, while his amused owners watch on.
The adorable 2013 footage has been retrending again after being resurrected on Reddit, reminding people everywhere of how awesome water balloons are.
Follow ninemsn on Facebook and Twitter for more trending stories and viral videos.


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Need to prepare for uncertainties caused by possible Brexit: IMF
[BERLIN] Politicians need to be prepared for uncertainties and volatilities that could be caused by a British exit of the European Union, a senior IMF official said on Monday.
"We don't know what the new set of arrangements will be (in case of a Brexit)," Enrica Detragiache, assistant director of the IMF's European department, told a news conference in Berlin, adding that IMF colleagues were currently in Britain to assess the economic consequences of such a Brexit.
"What we can probably say is that there will be some uncertainty if a Brexit will take place and that will need to be managed," Mr Detragiache said, adding that Germany was an important trading and investment partner for Britain.
IMF senior official Michaela Erbenova added it was important that politicians were prepared for the case that a British decision to leave the EU could temporarily lead to uncertainties and volatilities on financial markets.
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Typically, air-source heat pumps have been a realistic option for people who live in warmer climates. That's because the performance of these heat pumps drops precipitously when the temperature goes below 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
That soon may change, though, thanks to a Long Island company developing an all-climate air-source heat pump, which has the potential to replace current residential and commercial heating, cooling and hot-water systems across the nation and globally.
ThermoLift was cofounded by Paul Schwartz in 2012. The startup, based at Stony Brook University, is a client company in the Clean Energy Business Incubator Program. CEBIP is one of six clean-energy business incubators around the State funded by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA).
The ultra-efficient heat pump, which runs on natural gas and doesn't require a refrigerant, is expected to reduce fuel consumption by up to 50 percent in heating and cooling applications.
"Over the last couple of decades, the technology has improved and efficient heat pumps for the colder parts of the country, such as the Northeast, are available. But they are expensive," Schwartz said. "With our novel heat-pump technology, we can significantly cut production costs as well as the overall consumer cost."
Schwartz said ThermoLift will be able to manufacture its product cheaper than its competitors largely because of the heat pump's simple design. The pump, based in part on revised engines in the automotive industry, consists of fewer moving parts, uses no valves, and doesn't need a compressor to pressurize a refrigerant. Instead, helium or hydrogen is used as a working gas.
The heat pump is a closed-cycle system in which the working gas oscillates between the three cylinders, or "chambers." Heat is added to and removed from the cycle through heat exchangers and displacers.
"Because there are no valves, the pressure in all three chambers is always constant, always the same. If the pressure goes up, it goes up in all three chambers, if it goes down, it goes down in all three," Schwartz said. "And, that's the secret — the relationship between the pressure, volume and the temperature is held tightly together in an open system."
Since the pump is driven via natural gas for both heating and cooling, the technology will help alleviate the electric grid peak overload, especially during warmer months when the electric load is stretched beyond its capacity at a time when most people are running their AC units.
Although ThermoLift is developing the pump to initially run on natural gas, it can be modified to run on a variety of heat sources, including biofuels and solar power.
"Broad adoption of our device will result in dramatic environmental improvements, including reduced greenhouse-gas emissions and the elimination of refrigerants while reducing fossil-fuel demand," Schwartz said.
The device is expected to reach commercial production within three years and will be manufactured in the U.S with specific operations in New York State.
In addition to assistance from Stony Brook University and the university-based CEBIP, ThermoLift has received grants totaling $1.2 million from the Department of Energy and NYSERDA. The company, which is collaborating with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, also has established relationships with Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Grid and the U.S. Department of Defense.
NYSERDA offers objective information and analysis, innovative programs, technical expertise, and support to help New Yorkers increase energy efficiency, save money, use renewable energy, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. A public benefit corporation, NYSERDA has been advancing energy solutions and working to protect the environment since 1975.


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Hellooo friends!
It's Fiona again here with another blog post! As a global student, I am constantly missing home and the food from back home or just Asian food in general. Luckily, there are some super great international food places near Biola that I love going to! Here are some of them:
Tokyo Town Sushi
There's sooo much to love about Tokyo Town, you guys! With its close proximity from Biola's campus, you could totally walk to this awesome place for only 10 minutes (or faster depending on how fast of a walker you are!). Another great thing is that they have Happy Hour all day on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday and from 11am to 6pm on Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Who doesn't love lower priced sushi?! Plus, you get FREE ICE CREAM after every single meal! I recommend getting the Popcorn Shrimp Roll or Tempura California Roll there!
Sup Noodle Bar
I love eating a hot bowl of pho during a cold and gloomy day (or any day really) and Sup Noodle Bar is my favorite place to do just that! It has a super warm and homey ambience too! I always get the Pho Filet (ask for shaken style!) and Shaken House Fries to share (these are sooo good).
Sol Inka
Anyone down for Peruvian food?! This place has authentic Peruvian food and cool vibes plus, it's only a 5 minute drive away from Biola! If you've never tried Peruvian food before, I recommend trying it out here and getting the Lomo Saltado!
Man Doo Rang Dumpling House
And we can't forget about Korean food! This is another one of my comfort food places! Man Doo Rang serves the best Dumpling Ramen eveeeer. Sometimes when I'm in the mood for rice, I'll get the Rice with Beef Topping or Chicken Cutlet with Curry though. This restaurant can be a little harder to spot since it is tucked away in a corner of a plaza on Beach Blvd. Give it a try!
85 Degrees Bakery
I can't forget about dessert, of course! 85 Degrees Bakery serves some really good fresh bread (My favorites are the Garlic Cheese, Spinach Kale Danish and Matcha Red Bean Cake) as well as BOBA! Some days I just crave some Boba Milk Tea and I think that 85 Degrees is the closest place to Biola that has the best Boba. Some other drinks you might want to try are the Sea Salt Coffee, Iced Sea Salt Mountain Green Tea, Rose Milk Tea with Boba, or the Iced Passion Fruit Green Tea with Lychee Jelly! Wow, this just shows how much I go to 85, you guys...
I hope this list will be helpful for you during those times when you miss the tastes of home or if you just want to try out cool new international food places near campus! Let me know when you've tried any of these out and hit me up if you ever want to go :D
Til next time,


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Right up there with your blood pressure, cholesterol and Social Security number, your credit score is one of the more vital numbers in your life. Some scores are healthier than others. Have your finger on the pulse of your credit; a poor score will keep you from qualifying for a mortgage or you'll pay thousands of dollars more in interest.
1-2-3's of Credit Scores.
Credit bureaus collect and track every time you pay a monthly bill or apply for a line of credit. A mathematical formula is then applied to this financial track record. The result? A three-digit number generally ranging from 300 to 900. Unlike many health indicators, the higher the number, the better. A good score is typically above 660.
Thirty-five percent of your score is based off of your payment history. Do you pay your bills on time? Has a collection agency tracked you down? Have you declared bankruptcy?
Another 30 percent of your score comes from the amount of debt. Have you maxed out your credit cards? A good rule of thumb is to use less than half of your available credit (a quarter of your available credit is ideal).
Think of the balance of your credit score coming from three different buckets — the amount of time you've had credit, the different types of credit in your report and any new credit.
The longer your credit history, the better the "mix" of credit (i.e. cards, loans) and the fewer examples of "new" credit, the higher your score will be.
Why Your Mortgage Lender Cares.
Because the credit score reflects a borrower's history of paying bills on time and responsible use of credit, a borrower with a higher score has a better chance of consistently paying off the mortgage. Some lenders base loan interest rate on your credit score, giving higher rates to less creditworthy applicants. Which means if you have been using your credit wisely, you'll also be rewarded with a lower interest rate than your less creditworthy counterpart.
It pays to keep your credit score healthy.
If you're ready to purchase a home, build, or refinance your existing mortgage, talk to one of our friendly loan officers at 402.885.6900 to start the process today.


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I hear you and RejoiceWritten and performed by Mikel Murfi
Late in his life, a man called Pat Farnon, a cobbler and all-round contented man, marries the redoubtable Kitsy Rainey who is everything that Pat isn't. It's a match made in heaven, in more ways than one …
'I Hear You and Rejoice' is an account of one of the most unlikely marriages of all time - "the ups, the downs and the beyond the beyonds." This show is a second commission and collaboration between Sligo County Council Arts Service, the Hawk's Well Theatre and actor Mikel Murfi. It follows a previous commission 'The Man In The Woman's Shoes'. Both shows were created for the Bealtaine Festival Sligo, with funding from Sligo County Council, the Hawk's Well Theatre, HSE West and the Arts Council of Ireland.
Photo credit Vitaliy Piltser
About Mikel Murfi:
Mikel is from Sligo. He trained at Ecole Jacques Lecoq, Paris. As an actor his work at the Abbey and Peacock Theatres includes The Playboy of The Western World, The Tempest, The Comedy of Errors and The Morning After Optimism. He was a founding member of 'Barabbas … The Company'. Mikel most recently appeared in The Man in The Woman's Shoes, a one man show he devised with members of active age groups in County Sligo. He played in The Clerk and The Clown by Mark Doherty at the Galway Arts Festival and in Ionescu's The Chairs, with the Blue Raincoat Theatre Company. He appeared in Enda Walsh's The New Electric Ballroom for Druid Theatre Company which won a Fringe First, a Herald Angel Award and a Best Supporting Actor award for Mikel in The Irish Times Theatre awards. He has directed Diamonds in the Soil and The Lost Days of Ollie Deasy for Macnas. He directed Trad for Galway Arts Festival which went on to win a Fringe First in Edinburgh before touring internationally. Mikel directed the Enda Walsh plays Penelope and The Walworth Farce for Druid both of which won Fringe Firsts in Edinburgh . He directed The Country Girls for Red Kettle. Mikel also collaborated with the Hawk's Well theatre on the recent production of 'The Far Off Hills' for Nomad Theatre Productions which toured to venues nationwide in 2014. Murfi has just starred opposite Cillian Murphy and Stephen Rea in Ballyturk written and directed by Enda Walsh which played to sold-out houses in Galway, Dublin and at the National Theatre in London. He is a founding member of Barabbas Theatre Company and was last in New York when he directed Penelope by Enda Walsh at St. Ann's Warehouse. His films include The Commitments,Guiltrip, The Butcher Boy, Ella Enchanted, Intermission and most recently Jimmy's Hall directed by Ken Loach.


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It's been one year since I quit the security of my full time job, set out to travel Europe and had no idea what would be waiting for me when I returned. With a bit of luck and a lot of connections, I've been able to make freelancing a full time position but not without learning quite a few lessons (and mistakes) along the way.
Lesson #4: Money is time and your time is precious.
Now I was in a place where my last client took me at the top of my rate so I started leading with that high number. As I got months of experience and a few new clients under my belt, I began to increase that starting point. My hours were filling up and I knew I had to be more selective when taking on new clients. I had several potential clients approach me but when they couldn't meet my minimum rate, I unfortunately had to turn them away.
On the other hand, at some point you're also going to realize that you don't have anymore hours to work unless you start to give up those personal goals you had initially set for yourself – an hour workout each day, dinner with your significant other, dog walks, weekends. This is where you need to stop and re-evaluate.
Re-evaluating may mean you have to turn away a potential new client or even drop an old client. Don't fret, they will find someone else. Your reputation won't be ruined. And you will still make money. The best thing to do in a situation when you have to drop a client is give them a referral for someone else. They don't necessarily have to be a full time freelancer, it could just be someone who wants a side gig for extra cash but it's important you always have someone else's name in your back pocket.
It may also mean you need to re-structure your day. Getting up an hour earlier, skipping the lunch workout and going at 4pm instead, pushing dinner back a little later. Tiny changes can make a huge difference.
Regardless of where re-evaluating takes you, make sure you are constantly checking in with those goals you set and ensure you aren't compromising on the big picture.
I think it's important to note that freelancing was never my dream – I had always imagined myself being a powerhouse director of marketing at a large agency or Fortune 500 company. It's an unconventional role to take on that just happened to fall into my lap. While no two stories are the same, I want to share the lessons (and mistakes) I learned along the way to inspire that person who isn't loving their 9-5 or the adventurer that wants to travel full-time but needs some supplemental income to know that with some time, patience and hard work, freelancing can evolve into something great.


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I am in need of 10 or so queen cells, does anyone still ship them.
I am in need of 10 or so queen cells, does anyone still ship them.
Try contacting Dan Williams. He is advertising virgins for sale. Next best thing to a queen cell. Who knows, he might have cells too.
Thankfully, the bees are smarter than I am. They are doing well, in spite of my efforts to help them.
In Australia nobody post cells - they are too fragile
from the Bee House -http://ecologicalsolutions.com.au/bees/?page_id=8
40 years - +/- 20 H - TF - Subtropical
nobody ships cells, they need to be held at 93-95 degrees F. You would have to go pick them up. Time is short now so don't waste to much time. I my neck of the woods the drones will be banished in the next 3-4 weeks.
The Miksa family has been at it for a very long time, they have no need to advertise or even have a web site, customers beat a path to their door http://www.wicwas.com/sites/default/...ABJ2009-06.pdf
Last edited by msl; 08-25-2019 at 08:55 PM.
For personal collection, ok - but I still think shipping Q/C's is the craziest idea I've ever heard. Far too risky.
A Heretics Guide to Beekeeping http://heretics-guide.atwebpages.com/
This has piqued my interest ...
Any idea how such Q/C's were shipped, and at what stage of their development ? And what the success rate has been ?
A Heretics Guide to Beekeeping http://heretics-guide.atwebpages.com/
googled shipped queen cells
NCSBA Certified Beekeeper 2nd yr 25 hives


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Bitti is our first denim skirt, made with non-stretch cotton. It sits high on the waist and has a fitted silhouette, back pockets, a back slits and a midi length. Wear instead of your favorite denims with an oversized knit, or Lucca leather jacket and Espera rib tank tucked in.
Washed Blue
100% Cotton (non-stretch)
30°C Machine wash
Made in Italy
True to size
The model is 179cm/5'9" tall and wearing a size S.
Regular price
2.700,00 kr
1.350,00 kr


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The LHC is getting a major upgrade, and this upgrade will cause a lot more trouble on earth than they will ever admit. The current amount of black holes opened by CERN has done damage to the magnetosphere, and other parts of our world however with this upgrade it will increase the damage. Here is the latest from CERN:
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This week more than 230 scientists and engineers from around the world met at CERN to discuss the High-Luminosity LHC – a major upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that will increase its discovery potential from 2025.
After a four-year design study the project is now moving into its second phase, which will see the development of industrial prototypes for various parts of the accelerator.
Luminosity is a crucial indicator of accelerator performance. It is proportional to the number of particles colliding within a defined amount of time. Since discoveries in particle physics rely on statistics, the greater the number of collisions, the more chances physicists have to see a particle or process that they have not seen before.
The High-Luminosity LHC will increase the luminosity by a factor of 10, delivering 10 times more collisions than the LHC would do over the same period of time. It will therefore provide more accurate measurements of fundamental particles and enable physicists to observe rare processes that occur below the current sensitivity level of the LHC.
The increase in luminosity will mean that physicists can study new phenomena discovered by the LHC, such as the Higgs boson, in more detail. The High-Luminosity LHC will produce 15 million Higgs bosons per year compared to the 1.2 million in total created at the LHC between 2011 and 2012.
Upgrading the LHC is a challenging project that relies on several breakthrough technologies, which are currently under development. Some 1.2 km of the LHC will be replaced by these new technologies, which include cutting-edge 12 tesla superconducting quadrupole magnets, brand new superconducting radiofrequency cavities or electrical transfer lines, based on high temperature superconductors. The High-Luminosity LHC will use these pioneering technologies for the very first time, which will not only increase the discovery potential of the LHC but also act as proof-of-concept for future accelerators.
Works Cited
Corinne Pralavorio. "LHC luminosity upgrade project moving to next phase." CERN. . (2015): . . http://home.cern/about/updates/2015/10/lhc-luminosity-upgrade-project-moving-next-phase


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Punitive ASOS deductions and what the policy tells us about workload and respect (from email 5/3/18 with updates)
The University of Leeds looks increasingly isolated as management still [insist they will dock 25% of pay] if striking staff don't rearrange lectures missed during strike action. This is on top of (expected) strike deductions so it is essentially docking twice for the same work. As we've noted before, the staff in our union HQ are taking legal advice on all policies like this in place at each university, but expect to find that in most cases they are "nasty but legal". Remind yourself of our position and advice [here] and [here]. Massive political and industrial pressure has already forced a climbdown in other universities that threatened these punitive deductions, with St Andrews having rescinded their policy earlier today, and Sheffield last week. Please write to the VC (email@example.com) and ask alumni to: Tweet @UniversityLeeds and @LeedsAlumni telling them they won't donate until the policy is reversed #donationstrike #USSStrike 2. Call the uni's HR dept questioning the policy's legality and politely ask they reverse it (0113) 343 4146 3.Donate to the Leeds UCU hardship fund (Sort: 60-83-01 Account: 20391511) 4. Tell every alumnus they know to do the same and share [this image]! External Examiners Resigning: At HEC on Thursday 8 March, it was agreed that: As a result of the punitive pay deduction policies at some universities, we … continue reading


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NAPA renewing for full season with MWR
NAPA last week became the third team sponsor on NASCAR's highest level in the last year to announce a full-season sponsorship renewal.
Sources familiar with the brand's decision said it had agreed to a three-year deal with Michael Waltrip Racing as the primary sponsor for all 36 Sprint Cup races on the No. 56 car. The agreement is valued at $16 million a year.
MWR was expected to announce the deal and an extension of its contract with driver Martin Truex Jr. during a news conference last Friday at Atlanta Motor Speedway. NAPA follows Miller Lite and 3M as the third full-season sponsor to retain all 36 races after its current contract ended.
The number of full-season sponsors dropped from seven to five this year after UPS opted to decrease the number of races it sponsored at Roush Fenway Racing from 36 to fewer than 10 races, and Home Depot sold off 10 of its races to Dollar General on the No. 20 car at Joe Gibbs Racing.


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Keep fracking chemicals out of our milk, food and schools!
Join Marcellus Outreach Butler and concerned PA citizens in opposing Exxon Mobil's fracking operations on Marburger Dairy Farmland. Marburger Farm Dairy ("Quality in a Bottle") supplies local grocery stores and nearly 700 schools with milk and dairy products from the cows exposed to their new fracking operation. If you believe our food supply and quality of life is more important than money and gas, come on out!
A rally will be held at the well pad on Marburger Property, Mars-Evans City Rd., approximately 1 mile out of Evans City. Come early, park in Evans City, and join us at EDCO Park in Evans City between 10:00 and 10:30am to march or be carpooled to the site for a protest rally from 11:30-12:30. Note that no water or restrooms will be available, and if you come directly to the dairy be sure to leave roadsides in front of the well site clear for rally. Following the rally at the well site, we will return to EDCO Park for a follow-up rally from 1 to 3 p.m. (pack a picnic lunch!). Speakers and educational sessions TBA.


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Can't go anywhere without a desk at which to work! :)
the sitting area
the living room, sitting area
the give you this incredibly frangrant jasmine wrist floral upon arriving, gives the room a great fragrance!
Man was this bed a welcome sight for sore eyes after 30 hours of travel!
View from the room (left)
View from the room, center
View from the room, right
View from the room 57 stories up, you can see the shadow of my building going across the street


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US Market Updates
Stocks In Rally Mode In Mid-Morning TradingStocks are notably higher in mid-morning trading on Tuesday, bouncing back from yesterday's weakness after a better than expected reading on service sector activity and central bank decisions in Japan and Australia.
The major averages have seen further upside in recent trading, rising to new highs for the session. TheDow is up 124.12 points or 1.2 percent at 10,875.39, the Nasdaq is up 38.45 points or 1.6 percent at 2,382.97 and the S&P 500 is up 15.89 points or 1.4 percent at 1,152.92.
Activity in the service sector expanded for the ninth consecutive month in September, according to a report released by the Institute for Supply Management a short time ago, with the data also showing that the pace of growth accelerated by much more than anticipated.
The ISM said its index of activity in the service sector rose to 53.2 in September from 51.5 in August, with a reading above 50 indicating growth in the sector. Economists had been expecting the index to edge up to a reading of 51.8.
Earlier, the Bank of Japan cut its benchmark interest rate to almost zero as it seeks to revive a faltering recovery. Under pressure from the government, the BOJ cut rates to 0.0-0.1 percent from 0.1 percent.
The central bank also unveiled a new asset purchase program to buy up government bonds and boost liquidity in the deflation-wracked economy.
As much as 5 trillion yen, or $60 billion, has been earmarked by the central bank to purchase government bonds, treasury bills and corporate bonds in an effort to weaken the local currency and improve liquidity in the world's third largest economy.
Separately, the Reserve Bank of Australia surprised analysts by holding its interest rate at 4.50 percent, contrary to expectations of a 25-basis point rate hike. However, the central bank cautioned about further hikes before the end of the year.
In corporate news, fertilizer producer Mosaic Co. (MOS) said that its first quarter profit nearly tripled from last year, mainly due to significantly higher potash sales and improved phosphate selling prices. However, the company's quarterly earnings came in below analysts' expectations.
Women's apparel retailer Talbots Inc. (TLB) reiterated its earnings outlook for the third quarter and fiscal year 2010 but lowered its forecast for sales growth for both periods. The company also projects 75 to 100 store closings by the end of 2013 as part of its three-year strategic plan.
Meanwhile, drugstore chain Walgreen Co. (WAG) announced that its comparable store sales in September saw 0.4 percent growth, while it also reported a 5.3 percent increase in total sales.
Sector NewsGold stocks are among the strongest performers in the early going, lifting the NYSE Arca Gold Bugs Index up by 3.3 percent. The upward move has lifted the index to an all-time intraday high.
The strength in the sector comes as the price of gold also moved to a fresh record high of $1,333.80 an ounce earlier. Gold is currently up by $15.10 at $1,331.90 an ounce.
Trucking stocks are also posting strong gains, with the Dow Jones Trucking Index up by 2.3 percent and on pace for its best close in two months.
Sizable gains are also being shown by banking stocks, driving the KBW Bank Index up by 1.8 percent, although it remains in a range as it recovers from recent weakness.
Oil service, railroad and internet stocks are also sharply higher, evident of the day's widespread buying.
Stocks Driven By Analyst CommentsMEMC Electronic Materials Inc. (WFR) is notably higher after being upgraded at RBC Capital Markets from Underperform to Sector Perform. The broker also raised its target from $9.50 to $12. The stock is up by 4 percent and on pace for a five-month closing high.
P.F. Chang's China Bistro, Inc. (PFCB) is also on the upside after an upgrade at Argus from Hold to Buy. Shares are currently up by 2.5 percent, poised for their best close in four and a half years.
On the other hand, Blackrock (BLK) is under pressure after being downgraded by analysts at Goldman Sachs from Buy to Neutral based on recent valuation. The stock is posting a 1.3 percent loss but remains in a range near last month's more than three-month closing high.
Other Markets
Overseas, stock markets in the Asia-Pacific region turned in a mixed performance on the central bank news. Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 Index rose by 1.5 percent, while Australia's All Ordinaries Index fell by 0.4 percent.
Meanwhile, the major European markets are all up by varied margins, extending their earlier gains. TheU.K.'s FTSE 100 Index and the German DAX Index are both up by 1.1 percent, while the French CAC 40 Index is up by 2 percent.
In the bond markets, treasuries have inched higher. Subsequently, the yield on the benchmark ten-year note, which moves opposite of its price, is trading at 2.469 percent, posting a loss of 1 basis point.
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October 2011


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We're your new neighbour in the Docklands!!!
Welcome to our first Money at Work Newsletter. As you are probably aware the Credit Union is about the community. We here at Savvi have been around since the 1960s and ever since we have always been dedicated to looking after you. Savvi helps you save and budget towards a better financial future! We like to keep things simple and transparent, with no hidden fees.
To find out more visit us at www.savvi.ie
Remember we have a new branch at 56 Sir John Rogerson's Quay, Dublin 2 so we're only around the corner from your office. Our staff will be regularly calling into your office to see you too and you can always email us at firstname.lastname@example.com you have a query.
Top 3 Benefits


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Gemini shines; Binance, Coinbase fall in CryptoCompare's exchange rankings
Major cryptocurrency exchanges, Binance and Coinbase, have slipped in the revised version of a cryptocurrency exchange ranking list. The data, compiled by crypto-asset data provider CryptoCompare, was
The post Gemini shines; Binance, Coinbase fall in CryptoCompare's exchange rankings appeared first on AMBCrypto.
Source: https://market.ambcrypto.com/gemini-shines-binance-coinbase-fall-in-cryptocompares-exchange-rankings
Facebook-backed Libra welcomes Blockchain Capital as new member
The Facebook-initiated Libra blockchain project continues to grow as its governing body has added a new major industry partner.
Blockchain Capital, one of the largest venture capital firms in the blockchain industry, has joined the Libra Association, according to an official Sept. 18 announcement.
Alongside the other 26 association participants, Blockchain Capital will now be working to create a "more equitable payment system" with Libra.
Bart Stephens, co-founder and managing partner at Blockchain Capital, said, "Leveraging blockchain technology to improve financial access and promote innovation has been at the core of Blockchain Capital's portfolio strategy."
The Libra Association was formed in June 2018 after Facebook originally released a white paper for its stablecoin project, Libra. At the release, the association had a number of major global companies as founding members including Mastercard, PayPal, Visa, Stripe, eBay, Coinbase, Andreessen Horowitz and Uber. However, many initial members have left the association amid global regulatory pressure.
Libra has seen some revitalization this year, with the Libra Association adding more members like Checkout.com and Shopify. However, with 30 members so far, Libra's governing body is still far from its planned 100 members.
The Switzerland-based association has been also appointing top financial services experts as executives in 2020. On Sept. 17, the Libra Association appointed HSBC veteran James Emmett as managing director of its subsidiary firm, Libra Networks LLC. Previously, the association announced former HSBC chief legal officer Stuart Levey as its first CEO.
Source: https://cointelegraph.com/news/facebook-backed-libra-welcomes-blockchain-capital-as-new-member
Local Authorities Summon Bithumb Chairman Of The Board Over Alleged Fraud
Bithumb's situation worsens as South Korean authorities have reportedly summoned company Chairman Lee Junh-hoon for alleged fraud regarding the sale of BXA tokens. This comes days after local police raided the exchange for the third time in less than a month.
Three Police Raids For Bithumb In September
September turns out to be a rather unpleasant month for the popular South Korea-based cryptocurrency exchange. As CryptoPotato reported earlier this month, the Intelligent Crime Investigation Unit of the Seoul Police raided the company's headquarters under allegations for fraud.
Authorities alleged that the exchange sold its native BXA tokens to investors for over $25 million. Bithumb planned to list the token on its platform but reportedly failed to, resulting in a massive loss for investors.
Just five days after the first raid, the police conducted another one on September 7th. A police official purportedly said that authorities aim to secure additional evidence related to already existing allegations against Bithumb Korea and Bithumb Holdings Chairman of the Board – Lee Jung-hoon.
The plot thickened earlier this week when the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency (SMPA) raided the exchange's headquarters once again. This time, however, authorities took it a step further. They seized dozens of shares in Bithumb Holdings belonging to Bithumb Korea Director Kim Byung-Gun after receiving approval from the Seoul Central District Court.
Bithumb Chairman Summoned By Local Authorities
Earlier today, the state-run agency Yonhap reported that the SMPA had "summoned" Lee Junh-hoon. Apart from being the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Bithumb Holdings and Bithumb Korea, he is also the beneficial owner of Bithumb.
The report highlighted that BXA coin investors had sued both Lee Junh-hoon and Kim Byong-Gun for the financial losses suffered from the token sale. The authorities have also accused Junh-hoon of violating the Act on Aggravated Punishment for Specific Economic Crimes by fleeing South Korea.
Interestingly, while the investigation against Junh-hoon is ongoing, authorities haven't conducted one against BK Group Chairman Kim Byung-Gun, despite both being accused of the alleged fraud.
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Source: https://cryptopotato.com/local-authorities-summon-bithumb-chairman-of-the-board-over-alleged-fraud/
Beware: Fake Uniswap (UNI) Token Giveaways Already Roaming the Internet
Cryptocurrency fake giveaway scams continue to emerge frequently, and the latest example involves the popular DEX protocol Uniswap. Just a day following the UNI token release, scammers began promoting fake UNI giveaways by impersonating Uniswap's creator – Hayden Adams.
Fake UNI Giveaways On YouTube
As CryptoPotato reported yesterday, the popular decentralized token swap platform launched its long-anticipated native token called UNI. The announcement was accompanied by news that Uniswap will airdrop 15% of UNI's total supply to users who had used it before September 1st. Naturally, this free token rush raised the community's attention rather rapidly.
However, it appears that scammers were also keeping a close eye. It didn't take long, and only a day after the UNI launch, unknown fraudsters initiated a fake UNI giveaway on the most widely-used video-sharing platform – YouTube.
In this case, the scammers created a fake Uniswap YouTube channel that supposedly has over 400,000 subscribers. They also launched a live video displaying 40,000 live viewers with the protocol's creator – Hayden Adams.
Lastly, the classic scam is completed by offering to double all UNI tokens sent to a specific address. Meaning, that if users send 250 UNI to their address, the fraudsters promise to send back 500 UNI tokens.
Although it sounds like easy money, a more in-depth look reveals several issues and points out that it's a classic scam. The YouTube channel has only two videos – both carrying the same fraudulent live stream, but the Google-owned platform has taken down the first one.
Additionally, the videos contain the same repeating old interview with Adams, where he says nothing about giving free UNI tokens. Last but not least, victims that fall for this scam and actually send coins to the provided addresses will not receive anything in return.
Growing Problem But Where's The Solution?
Similar fake giveaways are a growing threat for the cryptocurrency field, its image, and, most importantly – users. Although they sound too good to be true, scammers continue doing them on several social media platforms, but mostly on YouTube.
This is where the main problem lies. The Google-owned platform has been previously criticized and even sued for not putting enough effort into fighting the scams. However, YouTube is frequently warning and banning legit cryptocurrency content creators as its logarithm fails to notice the differences.
Another social media giant Twitter also went through something similar recently. Attackers gained control over 130 accounts of famous individuals and companies and initiated a fake Bitcoin giveaway. Although Twitter stayed up front with the users and updated its security protocols, the platform was exploited once again a month later.
In any case, while social media platforms struggle to find the most appropriate solution, users need to be more cautious and vigilant. A general rule of thumb suggests that if something sounds too good to be true, it usually is. Also, there's no such thing as free lunch.
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Source: https://cryptopotato.com/beware-fake-uniswap-uni-token-giveaways-already-roaming-the-internet/
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