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history of Melbourne
Table of Contents
Early history:
the arrival of the squatters
The founding of Victoria & the gold rush:
The property boom years of the 1880's and "Marvellous Melbourne":
1890's - stock market crash and the depression years
The Federation years:
World War I:
The 1920's:
The depression years of the 1930's:
World War II:
The 1950's:
The 1960's:
The 1970's:
The 1980's:
The Kennett years (1992-99):
The Bracks/Brumby years (1999-):
The Bailleau years 2010-2012
the Napthine years 2013-2015
The Daniel Andrews years
history of Melbourne
see also:
History of Australia
History of Sunshine
major flooding events in Victoria
geology and geography of Melbourne
interesting heritage sites around Melbourne
Melbourne's lost hotels (demolished)
old photos posted on WalkingMelbourne forum
some surprising firsts for Melbourne in leading the world
Early history:
the Wurundjeri-william clan were custodians of an area along the Yarra and Plenty rivers and spoke a Kulin dialect called Woi wurrung. Boon wurrung were custodians of the Mornington Peninsula and Westernport region.
in 1803, David Collins (1756-1810) immortalised by the naming of Collins St, sailed into Port Phillip Bay with 300 convicts and tried unsuccessfully to establish a settlement at Sorrento (from where the famous convict Buckley escaped and managed to live with the local Aborigines for some 30 odd years until the British returned).
in 1824, Hume & Hovell passed through the grassy plains of Sunshine & Keilor, camping in the vicinity of Taylors & Sydenham Rds
in 1835, the settlement on the site of Melbourne was founded
after John Batman proclaimed "This is the site for a village" as he sailed past on the Yarra River. Batman traded commodities with the Wurundjeri tribe in return for 600,000 acres of land. NSW Governor Richard Bourke later declared this deal illegal, claimed it for the Crown and named it after British Prime Minister William Lamb, Lord Melbourne instead of its previous name Bearbrass village.
John Pascoe Fawkner (1792-1869), a teetotaller, publican settles in Bearbrass village, building the 1st house - a hut near the Rialto. He is remembered by Fawkner Cemetery (where Batman is buried in the pioneers section), the suburb Pascoe Vale and Enterprize Park along the Yarra named after his vessel in which he sailed from Van Dieman's Land (Tasmania).
the arrival of the squatters
see also
the squatter era in Victoria 1835-1847
1836 was the start of the squatters arriving and claiming large areas of grazing land:
John Brock (-1856), his wife and 3 sons left Van Dieman's Land and settled on grazing land west of Romsey - the small soda trachyte volcanic hill (1 of 3 such geologic forms including Camel's Hump and Hanging Rock), was named after him as Brock's Monument - now still on private land.
history of Sunshine
for those to the west of Melbourne
Major Mitchell travels south to Melbourne in 1836
in March 1837, the Sydney government sent Robert Hoddle, the surveyor, to stake out an eruption of civilisation by a bunch of speculative types from Van Dieman's Land who had occupied the site of Melbourne for 18 months.
the government's main concern was to raise revenue from the sale of the land and wanted thus to maximise the amount of land to sell (the proceeds of which went to Sydney) and in addition, forbade central public squares on the grounds that they encouraged "the spirit of democracy".
the grid was to follow a strict north-south grid plan in the Sydney office which was a generic design for colonial townships set out in government regulations in 1829.
Hoddle had already used this grid to plan Liverpool, Campbelltown, Goulburn and others, but in Melbourne, he recognised that it promised to become a great city and thus he rotated the north-south grid a few degrees to accommodate the Yarra River and pegged out the streets to be 99' (30m) wide rather than the standard 66' (20m). Gov. Bourke first objected to the wide streets but agreed on condition that they be interleaved with lanes - the "Little" streets, which became the bane of bullockies & Beemer drivers from that day to this.
had surveyed the Moreton Bay area - the future site of Brisbane - with John Oxley
under the direction of Major Thomas Mitchell, he surveyed vast areas of virtually inpenetrable country for the landmark 1834 map of the colony.
after taking part in the 1st auction of Melbourne land in 1837, he settled in Melbourne.
in 1838, a punt service was established across the Yarra River, followed shortly after by a ferry service.
1842, establishment of the Native Police Corps (1842-53) recruited from Woi wurrung and Boon wurrung people, based in Narre Warren and Dandenong but often used the Police Paddock barracks on the site of the MCG
1845, a crude timber toll bridge was built downstream of present Princes Bridge.
1848: the Royal Mail Hotel is built on the SE cnr of Bourke and Swanston St (gained its name because its owner, E. B. Green, held the contract for carrying the mail via stagecoach throughout Victoria)
William Johnston Sugden became it's 2nd licensee when he resigned in late 1848 as Melbourne's Chief Constable and founder of the city's first plain-clothes detective force. However, he remained in his position as the 1st fire chief of the city's original publicly-funded fire brigade from 1845 to 1850. Sugden obtained one of the few city night licences enabling him to remain open after 9 pm.
1850, the first permanent bridge over the Yarra was built and was the longest stone arch ever built in Australia at 45.7m.
Map of Melbourne and suburbs 1866
The founding of Victoria & the gold rush:
the Victorian gold rush of the 1850's
in January 1849, an ex-convict called Thomas Chapman found a 38 ounce gold nugget in Daisy Creek (7 km from Talbot) while working as a shepherd, this was to spark a minor Gold Rush which authorities had been trying to keep quiet to avoid lawlessness invading the land. The main gold rush only commenced in 1851 after the law was changed allowing miners to own the gold as long as they paid a miner's licence (formerly, any gold found was deemed property of the Crown).
1850: Lorne (Louttit Bay) in the
is used as a port for timber and its 1st settler developed a cattle run in 1853.
1851, colony of Victoria founded, with Charles La Trobe of Latrobe St fame (1801-1875) appointed as 1st governor, coinciding with the
gold rush
which resulted in 313,000 new settlers immigrating to Victoria, rapidly outstripping NSW in population & development. In 1852 alone, 86,000 British migrated seeking their fortune.
1853, James Blackburn (1803-1854) commences construction of Melbourne's 1st controlled water supply - the Yan Yean Reservoir, but soon after died of typhoid. Fresh tap water became available in 1857.
1853, govt grants MCC a new site for a cricket ground in the Government Paddock / Yarra Park which was to become the MCG.
1853, Joseph Reed (1828-1890), architect, wins competition to design Melbourne's Public Library and later teams with Frederick Barnes (1824-1884) to create a number of leading buildings in the boom era including Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne Town Hall, Trades Hall, Rippon Lea and St Michael's Church.
1854, the Eureka Stockade in Ballarat; The Age newspaper is founded and was soon taken over by David Syme (1827-1908).
1854, Melbourne's first railway bridge was built for Hobsons Bay Railway - a timber trestle bridge just below Yarra Falls, and soon a government built iron railway bridge with a record clear span of 61m was built across the Maribyrnong River for access to Williamstown.
1856, a wrought iron bridge built at Church St
1856: 136 hotels, inns and taverns crowded into an area one mile long and half a mile broad, bounded by Flinders, Spencer, Latrobe and Spring Streets, The hours were 4 a.m. to 9 p.m. in the warmer months of the year, with special licences available until midnight. Beer for 'off the premises consumption' could be bought on Sundays for two hours after 1 p.m.
1857, Ferdinand Von Mueller (1825-1896) becomes Victoria's 1st government botanist and curator for the Royal Botanic Gardens. 16 years later he was replaced by English landscape gardener William Guilfoyle(1840-1912) to changed it from an educational facility to a recreational one much to Von Mueller's displeasure.
was proclaimed a municipality and, thanks to the gold rush and through traffic, Kyneton became the state's major agricultural town and the general prosperity and development resulted in a building boom which saw bluestone quarrying become a substantial industry.
1859: the Bendigo train line construction reaches Sunbury
1861, iron lattice-girder road bridge built across the Yarra at eastern end of Bridge Rd which is Australia's oldest surviving metal truss bridge, although it has been modified twice since.
1861, the Albion & Darlington steam train stations on the Sunbury line which opened in 1860, are closed and demolished, Maidstone is closed in 1865
1862: the Bendigo train line construction reaches Castlemaine then Bendigo. It was extended to Echuca in 1864.
1876: William Wardell (1823-1899) architect, builds St Patrick's Cathedral, one of the biggest Gothic Revival churches in the world, and Government House.
1876: the 8 storey Yorkshire Brewery Tower in Collingwood becomes the tallest building in Melbourne and remains the tallest for the next 12 years.
1878: the private Melbourne and Hobson's Bay United Railway Company which controlled the lines from Flinders Street station to South Yarra was purchased by the State Government enabling the Gippsland line to be brought directly into Melbourne.
The property boom years of the 1880's and "Marvellous Melbourne":
1880, white population reaches 2.2m; Ned Kelly hanged for murder of Mounted Constable Thomas Lonigan;
1880, train line opens from Carlsruhe to Daylesford, and then connected to Ballarat in 1887 (this line closed in 1978)
1881, the different gauges of the NSW and Vic train lines at Albury become joined to end the need for passengers to change trains
1881, George Adams (1839-1904), the founder of Tattersalls, initiates Australia's 1st public sweepstake on Easter Monday in Sydney.
1883, Edward W. Cole (1832-1918) founds his book arcade in Bourke St which stayed in business until 1929.
Melbourne's elite develop coastal resort towns of Sorrento, Queenscliff, Torquay and Lorne as well as a multitude of bay-side sea baths and bathing boxes for health and status purposes.
speculative investors borrow money in property boom which included new estates in Footscray
c1886: see a snapshot of Melbourne in
E. Whitehead & Co's Guide to Melbourne (pdf)
train lines to Essendon, Williamstown, Oakleigh, Brighton Beach, Port Melbourne, St Kilda, Hawthorn and Camberwell, Coburg and Mordialloc (Ballarat line opened in 1884, Braybrook Junction station (later called Sunshine) opened in 1886 then to the new township of St Albans in 1887)
cable trams to Richmond, Nth Fitzroy, and Collingwood
steamers to Sydney, Adelaide, Launceston, NZ, Geelong, Warrnambool, Belfast (Port Fairy) and Portland, and in Summer months, to Queenscliff, Dromana, Portsea, Sorrento,
hospitals and asylums included:
Melbourne Hospital (at Lonsdale and Swanston Sts)
Alfred Hospital
Blind Asylum, St Kilda
Deaf and Dumb Asylum, St Kilda
Benevolent Asylum, Nth Melb
Protestant Orphan Asylum, Brighton
Catholic Orphanage, Sth Melb
principal hotels included:
Scott's Hotel 444 Collins St west
in 1852 William Morton partially demolished the Lamb Inn and remodeled it as the Clarendon Family Hotel. Edward Scott, previously of the Port Phillip Club Hotel in Flinders Street (from where the Port Philip Arcade derives its name), purchased the Clarendon in 1860 and constructed the much grander Scott's Hotel on the site. He then sold it to William C. Wilson in 1868.
Menzies Hotel Collins St and Williams St
built by the owners of the Balaclava Gold Mine, Whroo - Archibald and Catherine Menzies in 1867, who had built their 1st "Menzies Hotel" in 1853 in Latrobe St
this 5 storey hotel (2 extra floors added in 1896) was demolished in 1969 to make way for the corporate headquarters of BHP
Oriental Hotel Collins St East
The Bedford
, built in 1846, the Oriental was built in the 1870's, and was bought by Mr Pearson Tewksbury, a wealthy gold dealer, in 1910 after his wife had an argument with the owner over poor service. It survived until 1970 when it was demolished to make way for
Collins Place
Union Club Hotel Collims St W
Port Phillip Club Hotel Flinders St E
White Hart Hotel Bourke St E
Cathedral Hotel Swanston St
1887: Dame Nellie Melba debuts in her opera career in Brussels.
Ocean Grove developed and marketed to members of the Methodist Church as a alcohol-free beach camp meeting site
with total bans on alcohol sales or production within its boundaries after two American Methodists — Reverend John Inskip and Reverend William Bramwell Osborn visited Australia in 1881 and were associated with a similar temperance town development in New Jersey which was also called Ocean Grove. The land was subdivided into about 2,500 allotments with an alcohol-free covenant placed on the land and advertised from £5 to £20 per lot in their
journal. The first new building was the 60 room
Coffee Palace
social hub with tennis courts and bowling green - the building was demolished in 1969. Holiday makers often brought their own alcohol and drank on the quiet, but eventually pubs opened outside of the covenant region such as Barwon Heads, Bonnyvale Road and Sheel Roads. The covenant was squashed by a VCAT ruling in 2014.
1888: Melbourne chosen over Sydney to commemorate the 100th anniversary of British settlement
1888: work started on the double track Flinders Street Viaduct linking Spencer Street Station to Flinders Street Station. This was expanded to 4 tracks in 1915.
1888, Lennox's stone bridge over the Yarra was replaced with an ornate three-span iron arch bridge which was much photographed with the city skyline behind it. Sandridge Rail Bridge built.
1888: 10 storey Fink's Building in Elizabeth St becomes the tallest building in Melbourne at 43m height
1889: 12 storey The Australian Building in Elizabeth Street becomes the tallest building at 53m height
1889, Queens Bridge built
1890: steam strain service from Bendigo to Swan Hill opens
1890, a steel lattice-truss bridge at Fairfield was completed for the
Outer Circle Railway
which ran from Fairfield station, on what is today the Hurstbridge line, to Oakleigh station
Melbourne street numbering system was discontinued in the 1880s to be replaced by the numbers starting from Spring Street and finishing at Spencer Street with no east/west name change for the streets.
1890's - stock market crash and the depression years
1891: the stock market crash of 1891 leads to an extended period of economic depression
1890's, falling export prices, over-borrowing for expansion, bank failures, & general depression leads to strikes & class bitterness which encourages labour parties into politics.
1890's: the depression brought a halt to the rapid expansion of railways in Victoria. Politicians promoted
narrow gauge lines
as a way to link remote communities, particularly in hilly country, without the expense of the 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) broad gauge railways. Railways officials opposed them, citing the inconvenience and expense of a break-of-gauge. A parliamentary committee eventually identified 14 possible locations for narrow gauge railways, and recommended that four experimental lines be built. None of the lines constructed ever made a profit but most continued for 60 years. They were:
Lilydale – Warburton
Wangaratta – Whitfield
Upper Ferntree Gully – Gembrook (later restored as the "Puffing Billy")
Colac – Beech Forest
1891: H.V. McKay's combined grain harvester revolutionised the farming process and helped make Australia a significant grain exporter. Initially manufactured in his Braybrook factory, peaking in 1910, he then went on to found a new factory, technical school, railway station & football oval and essentially, a new suburb called Sunshine - see
History of Sunshine
1893, iron swing bridge across the Maribyrnong built at Napier St to provide the first direct road access to the western suburbs, without closing the river to navigation.
recession contributes to slowing down of immigration. Many Chinese immigrants begin to return to China (some 100,000 arrived between 1840-90) as the gold rush ended & they became isolated with Victoria introducing a poll tax on new arrivals & creating protectorates.
NSW once again gains ascendancy over Victoria & the new colony of Queensland.
the Heidelberg School of Australian impressionist painters - see
Ian Potter Gallery
1899, the Morell Bridge opposite the Botanic Gardens was built using the patent Monier Reinforced Concrete process. It is generally regarded as Victoria's first major reinforced concrete structure and was the last significant bridge to be built over the Yarra for 25 years.
The Federation years:
1900: Sidney Myer opens his 1st store - in Bendigo.
1901: Australia's federation hosted in Sydney which had become more populous than Melbourne after Melbourne's population dived 10% after the 1890's crash
1905: The licencing Reduction Board, later the Licencing Court, was set up and within ten years had closed more than a thousand hotels, many of them in the metropolitan area
1907: RACV introduces certificates of competency for car drivers to improve safety
1908: planning begins on the electrification of the suburban train system
1910: escapologist, Harry Houdini flies 1st plane in Australia at Diggers Rest, north of Melbourne
1911: Sidney Myer buys Bourke St drapery and begins a 20 year property consolidation to form the Myer complex in the 1920's & 30's.
1912: increasing use of Melbourne's beaches by the working classes, although still required to wear neck to knee bathing costumes, and only to wear bathing costumes whilst bathing and walking directly to change rooms results in mixed bathing on Melbourne beaches branded "the viper of promiscuous hoodlums" by a Presbyterian minister. Luna Park established in St Kilda to profit from the
new beach culture
based on fun rather than just health and status. Many Surf Life Saving Clubs became established in 1900-1910.
World War I:
1st Coles store opened (Collingwood), with nothing costing more than a shilling;
"RACV" launches its first insurance scheme & a touring department managed by George Broadbent (of Broadbent maps fame) & in 1915 began a register of hotels for its members to visit whilst savouring the country air. In 1916 the Automobile Club of Victoria became the RACV after its contributions to ferrying soldiers from ships to hospitals.
the new cars had to contend with poor roads, horse dung and were advised to limit speed to 20mph.
trading hours of hotels became 9 a.m. to 9.30 p.m. as a wartime measure, and twelve months later 6pm closing was introduced as a temporary wartime measure. In 1919, like many temporary measures, six o'clock closing was made permanent. Prior to 1915 the trading hours of hotels were 6 a.m. to 11.30 p.m.
1st trials of the proposed electrification of the suburban train system began on the Flemington Racecourse line
1919: first electric trains in service in Melbourne - running to Essendon, and to Sandringham
The 1920's:
the rise in popularity of cars and buses and the electrification of the suburban train system
1921: Keith Murdoch (the father of Rupert Murdoch) begins as editor of The Herald newspaper, and then started The Sun News Pictorial.
1921: the suburban train line to Broadmeadows, the Whittlesea line to Reservoir, the Bendigo line to St Albans, and the inner sections of the Hurstbridge line were electrified
1922: the Gippsland line to Dandenong and Frankston line and the inner sections of the Ringwood line were electrified
1922: Fred Walker (1884-1935) enlists help of chemist Cyril Callister to create Vegemite.
1923, new Church Street Bridge built in reinforced concrete.
1923: the
suburban train electrification scheme was officially completed
, but over the next three years a number of short extensions were carried out. The Ashburton line was electrified in 1924, final works on the Lilydale line were completed in 1925, as was electrification on the line to Upper Ferntree Gully. Electrification on the outer ends of the Hurstbridge line were completed by 1926, the Whittlesea line to Thomastown was electrified in 1929.
1926: Myer's store Lonsdale St facade completed.
1929-30: the Railways Construction Branch built the Spencer Street Bridge in steel.
The depression years of the 1930's:
1930: the Burnley - Darling line was extended to Glen Waverley to become the Glen Waverley line.
1930: Spencer Street Bridge built blocking river traffic upstream and increasing usage of Victoria Dock.
1932: Cole's Book Arcade in Collins St demolished to make way for G.J.Coles' store (no relation to E.W.Cole, founder of Cole's Book Arcade)
1933, The Country Roads (Borrowing) Act 1933 finally gave the CRB the powers to raise loan funds for metropolitan bridges.
Melbourne's Myer's Store becomes the largest department store in Australia.
1934: a big storm destroys many of Melbourne's bayside sea baths and bathing boxes that had been established in the late 19thC.
1934: the Grange Road Bridge built from a donation by confectionary entrepreneur MacPherson Robertson to celebrate Victoria's centenary.
1936-38: a composite design of welded steel girders and reinforced concrete deck was used to build Lynch's Bridge over the Maribyrnong while a single-piece concrete superstructure, cast as a single process over 117 hours, was used to build the Hoddle Bridge over the Yarra.
1939: after a long drought, on Jan 13th, Black Friday - 71 killed in a devastating bushfire affecting a large area of eastern Victoria and destroying the township of Narbethong - subsequently the Country Fire Authority (CFA) was formed.
World War II:
cars were put up on blocks in garages because of lack of fuel
car headlights had to be almost completely covered in case of enemy attack
1944: 32 killed in a severe bushfire season which destroyed 700 homes including 50 in beachside suburbs Beaumaris and Mentone
1946: Melbourne was the first capital to herald the baby boom after World War II
1948: the FX Holden car introduced, followed in the 1950's by the iconic FJ
1948-52: the Swan Street Bridge over the Yarra took five years to complete.
1948: extension of the electrified train system - The Ashburton line was extended along the old Outer Circle track formation to Alamein station
The 1950's:
1950: new Harris steel trains allowed retirement of the oldest swing door trains on the suburban lines
"Puffing Billy" steam train
ceases services after a landslide blocked the line between Selby and Menzies Creek, and it was formally closed in 1954, and not restored again until c1962.
1954: after the Country Roads and Level Crossings Act 1954 provided funding for bridges to eliminate dangerous railway crossings, a new type of bridge emerged the concrete ramp overpass - the first was the Clifton Hill Railway Overpass.
1955: the 20 storey Orica House in Nicholson St becomes the tallest building in Melbourne at 81m height
1955: a progressive Melbourne split the ALP and kept a reactionary DLP [Democratic Labor Party] alive.
1956: Myer's Bourke St facade gets a facelift.
Lancefield branch train line
closes after 75yrs service
1956: Melbourne Olympic Games; B&W commercial TV starts; Barry Humphries creates "Edna Everage"; subscriber trunk dialling introduced in Sydney & Melbourne;
perhaps the international interest in Melbourne resulting from the Olympics is a significant factor in the start of wholesale demolition of many of Melbourne's historic buildings.
1957-61: King St Bridge built, although a span collapsed in 1962 due to brittle failure in a cold spell.
1958: Bendigo-Heathcote train line closes after 70yrs service
1959: historic Melbourne Fish Market building on Flinders & Spencers Sts built in 1890, demolished to make way for the Flinders St overpass at King St which was built in 1961.
1959: historic Equitable Life Assurance Building (built 1896) on the cnr of Collins & Elizabeth Streets demolished. A 7 storey building of marble walls & floors with 15 tonne roof blocks. The building's 4m sculpture
Charity being kind to the Poor
had towered 4 storeys up over Collins St, and now stands on the lawn in the University of Melbourne.
Brittania Hotel
on Bourke & Queen demolished
1959: Fawkner line to Upfield and the Reservoir line to Lalor were both electrified
The 1960's:
1960: work on a new modern Spencer Street train station begins
1960: the 113yr old
Eastern Market
at Exhibition & Bourke St demolished to make way for the 16 storey Southern Cross Hotel which was demolished in ~2000. The Eastern Market flourished in the 1880's having been run by E.W.Cole who went on to found Cole's Book Arcade which spanned the area from Bourke to Collins St where David Jones store now stands.
1960: British company Hammerson Property and Investments Trust purchased the 1848
Royal Mail Hotel
for 455,000 pounds and demolished it later that year to build ofice and retail building SW cnr Swanston & Bourke St
1961: Royal Insurance Company purchases the 1860
Scott's Hotel
to demolish it and build an office block in 1962.
1962: the Upper Ferntree Gully to Belgrave section of the Gembrook narrow gauge line was converted to broad gauge and electrified.
Puffing Billy
Preservation Society restores steam train services from Belgrave to Menzies Creek, then to Emerald in 1965.
1962: the Southern Cross Hotel opens, ushering Melbourne into a new era of international jet travel. Built, designed & run by American hotel chain, Intercontinental in partnership with local stockbrokers Potter Partners, primarily to cater for Americans travelling down under. With its vivid interior tiling decor, 17 second room service response time, shops and Melbourne's 1st tenpin bowling alley, it became the place to be in the 1960's, famously hosting the Beatles in 1964. In 1977, Pan Am sold it's interests and by the 1990's the hotel had become passe. It was sold to Republic of Nauru in 1994 and closed in 1995 with the intent to do extensive remodelling but it's owners failed to finance this and it was eventually resold and then completely demolished in 2003.
1964: the 1853
Yarra Family Hotel
(which was on land originally purchased by John Batman in 1837) on Flinders and Williams St is demolished
Sept 1965: conscription for Vietnam war starts.
1965: Melbourne was the first capital to herald the end of post WWII baby boom after it had been the 1st capital to herald it's start in 1946.
pubs allowed to open till 10pm instead of 6pm in Victoria;
decimal currency introduced.
1967: PM Harold Holt disappears whilst surfing off Portsea; postcode system for mail introduced;
1968: KFC arrives;
1968: Cliveden Mansions was sold for $444,000 to Dillingham Constructions P/L to make way for the Hilton Hotel
1969: 23 killed and 230 homes lost in 230 bushfires break out, many on the urban fringe including the Lara fire which killed 18 people who left their cars on the Princes Highway trying to out-run the fire front.
1969: natural gas piped to residential homes;
1969: the 1867
Menzies Hotel
on cnr Collins and Williams is demolished to make way for the corporate headquarters of BHP.
1969: the 28 storey AMP Square building in Bourke St becomes Melbourne's tallest building at 113m height
a range of 19th century grand mansions were demolished in the late 1950's through to the early 1970's including:
"Glen Eira", was an 1880s entrepeneur's mansion on Kooyong Road, before later becoming a military training college.
"Eilyer" in Albany Road Toorak,
"Scotsburn", 554 Toorak Road
Charnwood in St Kilda
"Coronado Mansions" St Kilda Rd
"Camelot", 85 Alma Street, St Kilda
"Norwood" Brighton
"Roselea", at 52 Fitzwilliam Street, Kew
468 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne
The 1970's:
Westgate Bridge span collapses during construction killing 35 & injuring 19;
seatbelts become compulsory in Victoria (other states followed in 1971)
McDonald's & Pizza Hut arrive in Australia
1870's Oriental Hotel Collins St East is demolished and replaced by
Collins Place
1971: 72% of Victorian pop. live in Melbourne;
1971: the 32 storey Mariand House in Bourke St becomes Melbourne's tallest building at 121m height
1972: the 41 storey building at 140 William St becomes Melbourne's tallest building at 152m height
Champion's Hotel
NW cnr Swanston and Flinders Lane which had become a branch of the State Savings Bank of Victoria is demolished and replaced by
1973: Bourke St closed to traffic to become a mall;
1973: the
Federal Hotel
SW cnr of Collins and King St is demolished to make way for "555 Collins St" office block. Proceeds from the sale and the sale of the
allow building Wrest Point Casino in Hobart.
1975: Puffing Billy steam train services extended to Lakeside.
1976: Maldon train services close after 92 years of service
1977: the 52 storey building at 80 Collins St becomes Melbourne's tallest building at 182m height
1978: Westgate Bridge opens after 13yrs construction;
1978: Daylesford train line closes after 98 years service
The 1980's:
1980: the 50 storey ANZ Bank Tower at Collins Place becomes Melbourne's tallest building at 185m
1981: one of the best snow seasons ever in Victoria
1982: Melbourne's Art Centre & Concert Hall opens;
after a long drought, a massive dust storm hits Melbourne, then Ash Wednesday bush fires on Feb 16th decimate Victorian rural areas, especially Mt Macedon, Dandenongs, Warburton and Otway regions. 47 killed and 2000 houses lost.
65yr old farmer Cliff Young wins Sydney-Melbourne marathon;
world's 1st frozen embryo baby (Zoe Leyland) born in Melbourne;
Melbourne's smog problems revealed: 24 days (cf 18days Sydney) - 4th worst in world behind Tokyo, Mexico City & LA;
the 63 storey Rialto Tower in Collins St becomes Melbourne's tallest building at 251m height
census shows that of Melbourne suburbs:
highest paid live in Brighton; most qualified live in Hawthorn/Kew; most married live in Melton;
most divorced live in St Kilda; youngest in Melton; oldest at Flinders;
1987: the St Kilda and Port Melbourne train line services are converted to light rail services (tram)
1990: Melbourne loses its bid for 1996 Olympic Games;
controversial Myer bridge over Lonsdale St built.
John Cain resigns as Vic. Premier after a series of financial blunders caught up with him - Joan Kirner becomes Australia's 2nd female premier;
Melbourne's Swanston St closed to form Swanston Walk, a controversial pedestrian mall;
The Kennett years (1992-99):
the early 1990's was a period of real estate and economic recession and recovery from the poor fiscal position that the previous Labor state government had left the state in.
Kennett slashed the public service workforces esp. in health and education and went ahead with industrial reform which together created social unrest and hardship for many, and continued the privatisation of public utilities (electricity supply, Port of Portland, prisons, public transport systems) which had commenced in the 1980's
He was instrumental in the development of major infrastructure initiatives for better or worse:
the Grand Prix to Albert Park as of 1996
500cc motorcycle Grand Prix was held at Phillip Island as of 1997
the Crown Casino and Southbank precinct and the introduction of poker machines
CityLink tollway and Bolte Bridge
Melbourne Exhibition Centre ("Jeff's shed") opened 1996
the development of Docklands & Telstra Stadium
the development of new art galleries including refurbishment of the State Gallery
the new Museum
demolished the ugly Gas and Fuel Building on Flinders St and replaced it with Federation Square
the amalgamation of health into larger health services
wins right to stage the 2006 Commonwealth Games
1994: Werribee Mercy Hospital opens;
1995: 6th World Police & Fire Games held at MCG - the largest sporting event in Melbourne since 1956 Olympic Games.
Victoria's Metcard automated public transport ticketing system begins operation.
Victorians without gas in winter for 2wks after explosion at the Esso Longford Gas Plant in Sale, Gippsland.
Puffing Billy steam train services extended to Gembrook
redevelopment of Sunshine Hospital commences
North Melbourne Kangaroos wins the AFL Grand Final over Carlton
The Bracks/Brumby years (1999-):
despite having the enviable prospect of a large State fiscal surplus, little infrastructure has been added, but instead, some of the excessive service and job cuts of the Kennett era have been reversed to improve services on the back of the efficiency levels achieved under Kennett.
introduced the 30yr plan to restrict further outward growth of residential Melbourne amidst a real estate property boom from 1996-2003
redeveloped Austin Hospital with a budget blowout to some $350m
introduced 50kph residential speed limits and 40kph school zone limits
created driver paranoia by introducing a multitude of speed cameras which appear to be more a revenue raising tactic rather than the stated objective of reducing road trauma. Forced to repay millions of dollars in fines as fixed speed cameras found to be faulty while the contracted company that runs them goes into liquidation.
other than that, it seems to have bumbled its way through its terms trying to please everyone without much to show for it, while at the same time apparently wasting its surplus.
Essendon wins the AFL Grand Final over Melbourne
Brisbane Lions wins the AFL Grand Final over Essendon
Brisbane Lions wins the AFL Grand Final over Collingwood
Jan: lightning strikes start 87 bushfires in Victoria's eastern alpine region which raged for 70 days and burnt 1.3 million hectares of land (~5% of Victoria or 15% of public land) but despite a 800km fire front, fortunately only 1 person died and 41 homes lost in Victoria (although Canberra in the ACT was severely affected).
Brisbane Lions wins the AFL Grand Final over Collingwood for the 2nd consecutive year
Aug 14th is Melbourne's coldest day for 6 yrs and its coldest August day for 26yrs
snow season is the best since 1981, beating 1990.
Port Adelaide wins the AFL Grand Final over Brisbane Lions
Melbourne had its eighth consecutive year of below normal rainfall, the first time this has happened since records began in 1855.
Victoria has its wettest February since 1973 followed by its driest Autumn on record
Aug 10th: snow falls widespread across Victoria down to sea level, even at coastal towns of Torquay & Apollo Bay - the 1st time since 1986, but spares Melbourne itself.
Sydney wins the AFL Grand Final over West Coast
plans to redevelop the Royal Children's Hospital
the 91 storey residential Eureka Tower becomes the tallest building in Melbourne at 297m height
Dec: Melbourne's hottest December on record and its hottest New Year's Eve on record (43.4degC at the airport near me and 46degC in Horsham!)
Jan: bushfires devastate the
region in Victoria's west.
March: Melbourne hosts the Commonwealth Games.
the new Southern Cross train station is completed, replacing the 1960 Spencer Street Station
West Coast wins the AFL Grand Final over Sydney
Melbourne's 2nd driest October on record as the 10yr drought worsens and driest Spring since 1939.
Melbourne voted world's no.1 sporting city as well as being in the top 2 most livable cities in the world.
after a poor snow season, snow falls in mid-November in regional Victoria as well as Stanthorpe in Qld as Sydney and Brisbane have their coldest November night in 100yrs.
the ALP, led by Bracks is easily re-elected to parliament.
Dec: bushfires rage through Victoria's eastern alps, threatening Mt Buller's alpine village for the 2nd time in 4 years only to be saved by timely rain and then, incredibly, snow for Christmas Day while the bushfires in the alps continued to burn.
Melbourne finishes the year with its 8th driest on record and starts 2007 with stage III water restrictions.
May: global warming? what global warming? Let's keep trying to put our heads in the sand.
Melbourne has its driest 365 days on record as dams fall below 30% full and the 11 year drought continues.
Melbourne has its warmest May night on record with a minimum 17.9degC.
Victoria has its warmest Autumn on record.
Geelong wins its 1st AFL premiership since 1963 VFL Grand Final, thrashing a hapless Port Adelaide team (163pts to 44 pts)
Docklands retail shopping precinct and ferris wheel opens.
drought continues
Hawthorn has upset win in AFL football Grand Final over clear favorites, Geelong after Geelong's inaccuracy at goal (11 goals 23 points) let them down
following record heat waves reaching 47degC, Black Saturday bush fires in Feb devastate Melbourne's northern regions including Kinglake and Marysville townships.
the heat wave damages the new massive ferris wheel at Docklands which opened in 2008, forcing it to be dismantled and repaired.
Hilton Hotel and Melbourne Conference Centre along with yet another DFO retail precinct open west of the Casino.
Geelong FC defeats St Kilda to win its 2nd AFL Grand Final in 3 years after its shock loss to Hawthorn in 2008.
major modifications to Bolte Bridge-Westgate Bridge-Kings Way-Burnley Tunnel road interchange
record heat wave for early November, although not as severe as in Adelaide.
drought continues
new public transport ticketing system - Myki - a RFID smartcard system finally commences but with substantial problems and less than enthusiastic public support.
Jan - equal warmest night on record - minimum overnight of just over 30degC.
real estate market continues to boom but slowing by year's end after a series of interest rate hikes.
John Brumby loses state election to Liberal's Ted Bailleau after a string of controversies including Myki ticket system, north-south water pipeline, desalination plant costs, failure to plan for transport and hospitals.
La Nina's rains result in Melbourne's dams hitting 50% full after good Winter rains, and the wettest Melbourne Spring since 1992.
Collingwood and St Kilda draw in AFL Grand Final, but Collingwood easily wins replay. Gary Ablett and coach, Mark Thompson leave Geelong FC.
locust plague
The Bailleau years 2010-2012
March: epidemic of Orb Weaving spiders in forests due to the 1st major rains in 12 years
Geelong's rejuvenated aging footballers beat Collingwood to win the AFL premiership a third time in 5 years.
Melbourne's real estate market prices peak early in the year and by year's end falls by ~10% in response to fears of global recession fuelled by fiscal fears in Europe, despite a series of interest rate falls by RBA.
one of the strongest La Nina events on history again dominates the year bringing the wettest two year period across Australia on record, just beating 1973-74 record. Despite this, south-western Australia had the driest year on record, while Melbourne's catchments and western Tasmania had their driest year in 15 years.
Myer Bourke St retail store is gutted and completed renovated
new Royal Childrens' Hospital opens
Australia easily beats India in the cricket test series
Victorian nurses EBA strikes finally resolved
one of the wettest March months on record for many parts of Victoria as the La Nina event ends.
Myer Lonsdale St retail store is demolished
Metcards fully replaced by Myki system as tickets for the public transport system
478 buildings of 10 storey or more have now been built in Melbourne CBD since 1845, 30% of these since 2000. There are now 2 with more than 60 floors (Rialto and Eureka), and 7 between 50-59 floors. Plans are underway for a 71 storey tower in Queensbridge St, Southbank, and a slim, 65 floor glass building on the corner of Queen and Bourke streets. There is a 40m height limit over the retail heart of Melbourne, and a height restriction preventing over-shadowing of the north bank of the Yarra River, but otherwise no mandatory height limits elsewhere in the CBD.
CBD residential population now at 100,000, up from 32,000 in 1994.
non-residential population in CBD on a work day is now over 700,000, up from 500,000 in 1999.
Port of Melbourne to be redeveloped at $1.2b cost amidst concerns of its impact on an already congested M1 freeway
Melbournians shocked by the murder of Jill Meagher
Sydney Swans wins the AFL Premiership
16 restaurants close in Docklands due to the financial downturn, while the ill-fated Dockland's "Eye" is slowly rebuilt
financial crisis hits the outer urban land developers as an unprecedented 30% of buyers forego their minimal deposits of $1000-2000 as their land prices drop by 10-20%
by November, Melbourne's dams have reached a healthy level of 85% full and water restrictions are again eased
November 29th 2012 is Victoria's hottest Spring day on record with temperatures reaching 45.8degC in Ouyen, and Melbourne's hottest Spring night for 100 years with overnight minimum staying above 24degC.
land prices: ~$500/sq.m in suburbs 30km from CBD; ~$3500/sq.m in Richmond and Sth Yarra; ~$5000/sq.m in Albert Park;
at end of 2012, applications for more than 50,000 new apartments in 200 developments in the City of Melbourne council area which threaten oversupply and loss of Melbourne's historic character as new high rise buildings replace historic buildings.
plans to develop the former 770 hectare State Research Farm into a new suburb (East Werribee) of 17,000 residents
Melbourne's population grew from 3.5m in 2001 to 4.16m in 2011 at a rate of 1.7% pa (Sydney grew at 1.1% pa) and is projected to increase by 2 million by 2050
the Napthine years 2013-2015
Victorian hospitals forced to cut elective surgery and close beds due to surprise funding cut resulting from conflict between Federal and State funding of healthcare.
major Victorian bushfires included those on the west aspects of the Grampians, and the "Aberfeldy fire" which started near Glenmaggie and burned for a month in the Victorian Alps to near Licola and Harrietville.
the 2012-13 summer ends with it being Australia's hottest on record with over 2/3rds of regions recording a summer amongst the top 10 hottest in 100 years. Victoria has its equal highest number of consecutive hot February days over 30degC on record of 10 days, equalling the record set in 1997.
Melbourne's White Night all night event on Sat 23rd Feb attracts record street crowds surpassing New Year's Eve crowds.
Victoria has driest summer since 1984-85, while nationally it was hottest summer on record since consistent records began in 1910.
Ted Bailleau resigns as Premier of Victoria amidst concerns of failure to progress important projects
March 2013 - record 9 sequential days over 32degC and 7 nights with minimum over 20degC - unprecedented for March in Melbourne!
Napthine resolves the two year long teachers' pay dispute, announces $34m for new mental health beds at Werribee Mercy Hospital and $29m for a new wing at Northern Hospital, and increases 1st home buyers grant for new homes
the Melbourne Star finally opened to the public after being closed for 4 years for repairs soon after it had opened in 2008 when it buckled under a heat wave
April 2013 is another warm, dry month for Melbourne with only 27mm rain (half of its average 53mm) making it a lovely
Indian summer
Australian stock market hits a peak mid-May with All Ords at 5230 having risen strongly by 29% from a low of 4041 near end of June 2012, then suddenly turns bearish
70mm rain fell in Melbourne in 1st week of June (49mm from 1 night of storms due to moist air flowing from NW of WA) making it the wettest start to June on record
Melbourne has its coldest week since July 1998 with mid-June minimum temperatures averaging 3.6 degrees for the week and averaging 2.4 degrees C over 5 nights (but not as cold as the 5 night average of 1.5degC in July 1994 though)
Melbourne has its hottest July on record with avg max. of 15.9degC and its hottest July day on record of 23.3degC on July 18th
Melbourne has hottest September on record and real estate market picks up across the country
Sept 2013 - Hawthorn win AFL premiership
Jan 2014: Victoria has its hottest heatwave on record with 4 consecutive days above 41deg C in Melbourne, with max. 44degC, max. over 45degC in Geelong
Melbourne GPO stores replaced by H&M
May 2014 - record 13 consecutive days above 20degC thanks to a blocking high in the Tasman and just over half of its average monthly rainfall
hottest Autumns on record: 2007, 2010, 2014
Sept 2014 - Hawthorn win AFL premiership
Sept 2015 - Hawthorn win AFL premiership
free tram zone region in CBD introduced and 24hr trains commenced on Fri and Sat nights
The Daniel Andrews years
Dec 2015
commencement of removal of most level train crossings
2016: Melbourne leads Australia in terms of multiculturalism and has the 10th largest immigrant population among world metropolitan areas, and the first Australian city in which the largest ethnic community are migrants born in India (3.6%), followed by those born in China (3.5%), and then England (3%) and Vietnam (1.8%), with only 62% speaking only English at home (4.1% speak Mandarin and 2.4% speak Greekm 2.3% speak Italian), although 28% claim English ancestries and 26% "Australian" ancestries while 0.5% identify as Australian indigenous (24,000 people)
Sept 2016 - Bulldogs win a surprise AFL premiership
Feb 2017 AFLW women's football league hits the big time
Sept 2017 - Tigers win AFL premiership
works commence on a new underground Metro tunnel train CBD loop
planning for a new Footscray Hospital commence
planning for major expansion of Peninsula Health at Frankston
Sept 2018 - West Coast Eagles win AFL premiership
Nov 2018 - Andrews is re-elected Premier of Victoria in a landslide victory
works to widen Western Ring Road finally completed
Vic Govt announces plans for:
Mental Health and Drug and Alcohol Crisis Hubs in various hospital emergency departments
Expansion of the Sunshine Hospital Emergency Department
Rail link to Tullamarine Airport
New hospital in Melton
Sept 2019 - Tigers win AFL premiership
Dec 2019 - hottest December day on record
· Last modified: 2020/07/03 23:34 by
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text:
Alan Buchman,
Nutrition has been identified as one of the most neglected, but important aspects of gastroenterology. Clinical Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disease covers all of the vital aspects of nutrition and serves as the definitive resource on this topic.
Dr. Alan Buchman has teamed up with more than 70 world renowned leaders in the field to provide today's professional specializing in gastrointestinal disease with a practical guide that examines and explains the necessary elements and principles of nutrition. With more than 100 images and 180 tables, Clinical Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disease contains essential information to optimally and successfully manage pediatric and adult patients.
Some Topics Covered Include:
Some Gastrointestinal Diseases Covered Include:
Clinical Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disease delivers the latest information in a comprehensive and well-organized format that is perfect for gastroenterologists, general surgeons, and general internists looking to increase their knowledge of clinical nutrition. The extensive use of images, graphs, and tables compliments the text and makes this one of the most authoritative and thorough books on gastrointestinal disease currently on the market.
Kursheed N. Jeejeebhoy, MBBS, PhD, FRCPC
William Cameron Chumlea, PhD; Khursheed N. Jeejeebhoy, MBBS, PhD, FRC
Clifford Lo, MD, MPH, ScD
Alice Buchanan, MS, RD; Gordon L. Jensen, MD, PhD
Robert Craig, MD
Johanna T. Dwyer, DSc, RD
Carol Porter, PhD, RD, FADA
Brian M. Chung, PhD; Kelly A. Tappenden, PhD, RD
Stephan C. Bischoff, MD; Sheila E. Crowe, MD
Timothy O. Lipman, MD
Martin H. Floch, MS, MD, MACG
Cynthia Sears, MD
Asim S. Kohkhar, MD; Douglas L. Seidner, MD, FACG
Lisa M. Neff, MD; Joel B. Mason, MD
Charles S. Lieber, MD, MACP, FACG
Daniel L. Hurley, MD; M. Molly McMahon, MD; Michelle Papaconstandinou
Young-In Kim, MD, FRCP(C)
Alan L. Buchman, MD, MSPH; James S. Scolapio, MD
Darlene G. Kelly, MD, PhD; Vandana Nehra, MD
Marwan Ghabril, MD; Jaime Aranda-Michel, MD
William B. Evans, MD; Stephen A. McClave, MD
Stephen J.D. O'Keefe, MD, MSc, FRCP
Gregg W. Van Citters, PhD; Henry C. Lin, MD
Charles P. Venditti, MD, PhD; Gerard T. Berry, MD
Elisabeth Luder, PhD
James S. Scolapio, MD; Alan L. Buchman, MD, MSPH
Stephen F. Lowry, MD; J. Martin Perez, MD
Gavin Arteel, PhD; Gerald W. Dryden Jr, MD, MSPH; Craig J. McClain, MD
Andrew Ukleja, MD
Kishore Iyer, MBBS, FRCS (Eng), FACS
Jonathan Fryer, MD
Palle Bekker Jeppsen, MD, PhD
Ronald L. Koretz, MD
Sandeep Gupta, MD; Ezra Steiger, MD; Mark Sands, MD
David F. Driscoll, PhD
Adib Moukarzel, MD, FAAP, FACN, CNSP
Alan L. Buchman, MD, MSPH
Eduard Cabré, MD; Miguel A. Gassull, MD, PhD
David Ziring, MD; Marvin Ament, MD
Mark H. DeLegge, MD, FACG
Michele M. Gottschlich, PhD, RD
Timothy Sentonogo, MD
Lyn Howard, MD, FRCP; Christopher C. Ashley, MD, MPH
Le-Chu Su, MD, PhD; Laura E. Matarese, MS, RD, LDN, FADA, CNSD
Albert Barrocas, MD, FACS; Barbara B. Bivona, RN, BSN; Denise Baird Schwartz, MS, RD, FADA, CNSD
Robert F. Kushner, MD
Allen S. Levine, PhD; Pawel K. Olszewski, PhD; Charles J. Billington, MD; Catherine M. Kotz, PhD
Alexander P. Nagle, MD; Jay B. Prystowsky, MD; Brintha Enestvedt, MD; John E. Pandolfino, MD
Brintha Enestvedt, MD; John E. Pandolfino, MD; Alexander P. Nagle, MD; Jay B. Prystowsky, MD
Neil J. Stone, MD
Robert Suskind, MD
Scott A. Shikora, MD, FACS; Pyliss Thomason, MS, RD, LDN
"Gives a complete, up-to-date view of the problem with the help of several figures, diagrams, tables, photos and many seminal references…A useful addition to gastroenterology libraries for occasional consultation by gastroenterologists, endocrinologist, surgeons, dietitians and primary care physicians."
— G. Bianchi Porro, Digestive and Liver Disease
"Dr. Buchman deserves congratulation for his vision in putting together this book, which provides a thorough reference in how gastrointestinal disease affects nutritional status, how nutritional status affects disease processes, and how the most appropriate nutritional interventions can lead to improved outcomes. There are 53 well-chosen chapters, written by contributors who are almost all North American physicians, with a number of nutritional scientists and dieticians as co-authors. . .The various chapters seem to be appropriately balanced to meet the requirements of physicians who want to learn about, or update their knowledge of nutrition. The relevance to clinical practice is clear throughout, yet there is enough basic background to serve as a resource for teaching and intellectual inquiry. . . The book is easy to read, with frequent use of tables and black and white figures. . . It is, however, an important new resource for all gastroenterologists in training and in practice. It should find a place in the offices of all involved in luminal gastroenterology, and enable the understanding and the advancement of clinical nutrition, with benefits to our patients."
— Julian R F Walters, Gut
"Topics are logically organized so that the reader can find a specific area of interest with reasonable ease. The section on adult and pediatrc nutrition support provides practical tips on implementation and recognition of complications. Many gastrointestinal radiographs, photgraphs, comprehensive tables, and well-structured figures are included. Clinical algorithms are offered at appropriate junctures. In an age when printed information gives way to Web-based information, a text that is this easy to use and that quickly delivers an accurate answer is refreshing to find."
— Jeffrey I. Mechanick, MD, Annals of Internal Medicine
"This comprehensive text, the effort of seventy experts in nutrition, is very appropriate for the trainee, as well as for all health care professionals seeking an update in clinical nutrition. . . Each chapter contains well organized tables that summarize key points, making this text a valuable resource for the busy clinician. Excellent chapters on the management of obesity, childhood obesity, and nutritional needs following bariatric surgery provide up-to-date information useful to all gastroenterologists given the emerging epidemic of obesity. I found the chapters on probiotics, and herbal nutritional supplements to be balanced and informative. I highly recommend this textbook for both trainees, and physicians in practice."
— John D. McCracken, MD, Practical Gastroenterology
"What is needed is a book on nutrition and gastrointestinal disease that covers causes and treatments in traditional and new areas of interest and that also forges links between gastrointestinal disease and systemic disease. Clinical Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disease meets this need. . . The chapters are clearly written, and the contributors have used evidence-based medicine to reach conclusions about the treatments discussed. . . This book covers well the broad range of topics concerning the body's largest endocrine and lymphatic organ, which contains more bacterial cells that the body has eukaryotic cells. The book is likely to be consulted frequently."
— David J.A. Jenkins, MD, PhD, DSc, The New England Journal of Medicine
"Covering all of the vital aspects of nutrition and serving as the definitive resource on this topic, this book delivers on the editor's vision of improving knowledge on nutritional concepts in the training of gastroenterologists."
— Savannah Jones, SirReadaLot.org
Alan L. Buchman, MD, MSPH is a graduate of Northwestern University and The Chicago Medical School. He completed his residency in internal medicine at Cedars Sinai Medical Center. He began his training in nutrition and gastroenterology under his mentor Dr. Marvin Ament at UCLA, where he completed his master's degree in nutrition and a fellowship in clinical nutrition. Following his gastroenterology fellowship at Emory University, Dr. Buchman served on the faculties of the Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Texas Houston Medical School prior to moving to Northwestern, where he is the Medical Director of the Northwestern Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Northwestern Intestinal Rehabilitation Centers. He is recognized as an international authority on intestinal failure, inflammatory bowel disease, and nutrition in gastrointestinal disease.
Dr. Buchman's nearly 200 contributions to the medical literature have served to advance the field in these arenas. He has served on many peer-reviewed journal editorial boards, and has had leadership positions on numerous national committees, including the American Gastroenterological Association, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, the American Federation for Clinical Research, and the United States Food and Drug Administration."
Quick Reference Dictionary for GI and Hepatology
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
16.3: dream – eden's Masculine awakening
– it has been some time since last one; most recent dreams are but work-related,
and on top of that the horrible desert of the past month (in this 40 day period);
we hope very much that their resistance is coming to an end from now on; loNe
I was some caretaker in a university or school, as the type guy doing the maintenance.
In some halfdark storageroom where materials were collected, there stood also some metal
ribs and plastic square plates, which appeared to me like belonging to some 'system ceiling',
as a construct where a new ceiling can be placed underneath an existing one.
Yet there were only few ribs left, where once they should have been much more; for now,
to suspend the plates as blackboard usage was perhaps an idea.
Still pondering, I went outside, but saw that the area was covered with some type high ugly grass,
as if for many years the land around the school had been neglected.
i considered the only way to make something acceptable out of it was to plough it over;
so i got me a spade and started to till, beginning at the corner of the school's wall.
After a while i hit something, and when i pulled it up, it was a piece of rather bright blue cloth,
and someone said me? or i remembered? that my old man was buried there, in wrappings,
and there even was a notion *i* did that, long time ago?
Ofcourse i had no courage to continue that spot – but worked around it, as best i could.
the dream changed,
now i found me inside a halfdark large livingroom, in an unknown house,
and upon a low salontable in front of me stood a young girl, perhaps 5 or 6 years old;
her toys and belongings were strewn all over that table. But I needed the table, so i lifted up the girl
and put her gently down next to it, clearing the table after that; while saying to my girl
(who apparently had stood upon the table, as well) "c'mon doll, you step down too, please".
the table had now turned into a cube of concrete, the size of a small car, almost sarcophagus-like,
and it was still at the same spot in the middle of that large room;
but now it showed that the room's righthandside had been built as continuation from the lefthandside;
and i saw to my right the middleaged woman who had come to own the whole room, since. Apparently,
the young girl who stood upon the table previously, was her daughter.
Yet now the situation was changing – because my mum had just bought? her side, the lefthand side,
and wanted her area to be separated from the built-on side of that woman, and therefore it was required
to cut-off all the shared walls and utilities; I saw that the electricity had already been redirected
I found me standing upon that massive concrete block, and started to till again,
but though concrete, the spade went through it as if through half-frozen ground.
After one layer, something started to move inside the block, causing me to jump off it; and when i turned,
looking into the top, i saw that a huge giant had been imprisoned inside the block –
yet somehow the dimensions were distorted, because the giant was far too large to can fit inside the block:
he was laying on his back, his limbs had been shackled into the concrete with iron chains and pins,
and then had been covered up with that concrete on top.
But now he started to move, as if slowly waking, and pulled out the iron chains slowly by every move,
as if they were but feathers.
it is difficult to describe the being – it was 'masculinity', with colour of "sheer power",
the power of olden; and it hadnt exactly 'prettyness' but neither was ugly;
the being was still covered at places by concrete (which was moving now), and only parts of its large
muscles were visible.
Then the being changed into a friendlier form of masculinity – but i fail to describe that
and woke
— — — — — — — —
Perhaps it's a bit strange to go dissect it; but several things stand out here;
- – the "university" is what you and we do here, "to learn (how to get Out)";
- – the "blue" as the cloth's colour is the typical masculine colour, be it KHSBT' in spells, or Sapphire as expanse and throne (Ezekiel); perhaps the system-ceiling is related to that expanse,
- – the "extended room" must be the eden gate, which they extended, enlarged, as the BAKHAU pool, see recent posted CT's,
- – making the strange woman to be Isis,
- – the "table" returns often, see the Sumerian basrelief or queen of Ramses (page); in one of the prophets (see pages) we understand this offering-table is within the eden gate (sic);
- – it was definitely not a 'negative type' masculinity, within the block; just strange and unknown. Perhaps the giant represented "(will-) power", glyph -Ã; or combined with the masculinity they feed upon, as glyph THA-, or perhaps both – that's why it's colour started to change because it was starting to come out of the block?
… the both girls are perhaps less clear;
the "standing upon the table" reminds of the Revelation woman "standing upon the moon",
or the girl standing upon the arms of the males, vignette in Opening of the Mouth (pages);
that they both stand together upon the one table may account for them claiming to be part
of that same 'goddess of speech of the heir', until now.
We consider the nature of both attributes to be "union"; yet the one girl being their attribute,
the other one ours. That both needed to step down should be because until now
the nature of the masculine (which carries the attribute) was their masculine —
compare the buried earthly masculine, and later the eden-masculine inside the table.
For now, we consider it very positive,


text:
How the World strikes us
I shouldn't do this but I have started writing blog without working it out in my head so you will just have to sort it out as you read.
We are looking at the same things but do you see what I see?
What do you make of this?
On the other hand you might be the person who bought this painting by Piet Mondrian called 'Composition No. III with Red, Blue, Yellow, and Black', at auction in America for fifty million dollars. He or she must see something quite different. The common gut reaction would be something like "They must be barmy" or "When they look at it they must see dollar signs".
Digressing for a moment. If you bought a life size, superb quality print in a frame identical to the one Mondrian used, which might cost you several hundred dollars, would the top experts recognise it as a print from across the room? I think not!
Let's look at something else.
Out for a meal, you are served with Langoustine as a first course. Delicious seafood or creepy things with legs and 'feelers'. One person's reaction is a broad smile the other 'Yeughh!'. Both are looking at the same thing but 'seeing' it differently.
Now look at these two fairly ordinary looking blokes.
Depending on how your father voted or words from your university tutor or shop steward, will probably depend on how you view these two. With all the political polls, and expert views, we know that roughly 50% will favour one or the other. Let's say one is 'A' and the other is 'B' without saying which is which. If your reality tells you that 'A' is the 'One', does that mean that 50% of the population are, to say the least, misguided? It gets worse. The horrid abuse that flies about against one party or the other and even individuals is totally out of order. One pop group even had a song called "Kill the Tory Scum" and I am sure similar sentiments are expressed by the other side.
Very shortly, one of these two will be Prime Minister. Some will say "If it's him we might as well give up" or "He will save us. We shall all be OK if he gets in". The other sentiment will be that it doesn't matter a toss. Since 1930 there have been about twenty prime ministers. No matter who it was, we still payed the mortgage, went to work, worried about the future, brought up the kids, laughed, cried, cheered our football team, payed our taxes, talked about the weather, moaned about what THEY were doing in the government and were convinced that our chosen political party was the best. In other words we were, very largely, all the same but saw things differently because, paradoxically, we are all different and these differences affect how we see, hear, taste and smell the World around us.
We would welcome your comments or to hear what YOU think. Let us know by clicking on
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text:
By Michael Angelo S. Murillo, Reporter
MOUNTAIN DEW'S recognized reputation as a brand championing passion and having fun was put front and center recently as it set up in the country the first-ever Dew Nation HQ Adrenaline Park.
For three days, from July 14-16, a portion of land at the Bonifacio Global City in Taguig City was transformed into the Dew Nation HQ that featured a number of activities that people could try for free.
The inspiration for the setting up of the Adrenaline Park, organizers said, was to highlight what the Mountain Dew brand was all about but going beyond mere articulating its philosophy and making it experiential instead.
"Everybody knows that the Mountain Dew brand is all about passion, having fun and community and we wanted to continue that. Actually we have been doing that throughout the years but what's different now with this (Adrenaline Park) is that not only are we introducing the philosophy of passion but we also want people to experience it," said Kay Paras, PepsiCo Flavors Category Manager, in an interview with BusinessWorld during the opening of the Dew Nation HQ Adrenaline Park last Friday.
"For this park we took inspiration in bringing in activities that we usually do outside the city and bringing it to the heart of the city here at BGC so it would be easier for people to take a break from work and go here and do whatever they want," she added.
The Dew Nation HQ Adrenaline Park, set up at Block 57, 25th corner 9th Avenue in BGC, featured a dirt track where people could go for a round of racing on a 4×4 ATV.
There was also a section for gamers, a hub that had multiple virtual reality consoles where they could showcase their skills while also sharing tips to up their game.
Skateboarders and BMX riders had their spot as well in a mounted skills park where they got to do their thing as long they want to while getting tutorials, too, from the Dew Crew.
To further enhance the mood, top DJs in the country provided steady mixes of dope tracks that kept the adrenaline going of those who tried what the park had to offer.
"Mountain Dew has the highest loyal users among beverages. So we know what they want and we are bringing it back to them," said Ms. Paras even as she said that it was also there way of showing their appreciation to consumers for making Mountain Dew "the number one flavors brand in the Philippines."
For Mountain Dew brand ambassador and car racer/radio personality Joyce Pring, Dew Nation HQ Adrenaline Park was every bit representative of what that beverage brand stands for.
"Dew Nation HQ is just perfect for Mountain Dew as it has always advocated for passion, having fun and doing what you really want… It caters to a lifestyle that pushes the boundaries and the activities that we have here are truly representative of what the brand is all about," she said in a separate interview.
While the run of the Dew Nation HQ Adrenaline Park was limited, Ms. Paras said they are not the discounting the possibility of setting up more of such in the future, seeing it is a good way of communicating to their brand consumers.
"We'll see how this goes first but I'm sure people will love this. And we will continue to support events like this in the future and we will continue to push for people to live their passion and have fun," she said.


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Taurus Daily Horoscope
Horoscopes for Wednesday 30th of September 2020
Apr 20 - May 20
The going is easier now; don't look for the reason why, just take advantage. Working life is less demanding and yet for some strange reason, more productive. Home life purrs along on well oiled wheels. Where you need to be alert and aware is during a conversation with a loved one. They aren't interested in outside interests or idle chit chat. They want to discuss some personal affairs. Call XXXX XXX XXXX to hear why you might be thinking of making some dramatic changes that may not please all the people around you. This may be one of those times when you will need to move on in life. If you want to know why give me a call.
Looking for a personalised reading for your date of birth?
Speak to an expert astrologer for a live one to one reading!
Speak to an expert astrologer for a live one to one reading!


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2019-20 Primeira Liga – Porto vs Vitoria Setubal Betting Preview & Prediction
When does Porto vs Vitoria Setubal kick off? Saturday 17th August, 2019 – 21:30 (UK)
Where is Porto vs Vitoria Setubal being played? Estádio Do Dragão
What is the weather forecast for Porto vs Vitoria Setubal? Rain expected, 18c
What television channel is Porto vs Vitoria Setubal on? FreeSports have the rights to Primeira Liga matches in the UK, so it is worth checking their schedule
Where can I stream Porto vs Vitoria Setubal? If the match is televised on FreeSports, then Premier Sports subscribers will be able to stream the match live via Premier Player
Where can I get tickets for Porto vs Vitoria Setubal?
Porto – https://www.fcporto.pt/en/store/tickets
Vitoria Setubal – https://www.footballticketnet.com/vitoria-de-setubal-football-tickets
What was the score when the teams last met? Porto 2-0 Vitoria Setubal
Predicted line-up (4-4-2): Marchesin; Wilson Manafa, Pepe, Ivan Marcano, Alex Telles; Corona, Uribe, Danilo, Otavinho; Marega, Tiquinho
Unavailable: Loum (Injured), Sergio Oliveira (Injured)
Doubtful: Danilo (Injured)
Predicted line-up (4-4-2): Makaridze; Mano, Artur Jorge, Vasco Fernandes, Silvio; Carlinhos, Eber Bessa, Savio, Tiago Castro; Zequinha, Hachadi
Unavailable: Semedo (Suspended), Mendy (Injured)
Porto experienced a nightmare opening-day 2-1 defeat to Gil Vicente but will be pleased to return back to Estadio Do Dragao, where they were so dominant last season. The hosts will have the bit between their teeth after last week's loss so favour a comfortable home win with a clean sheet to boot.
BETTING TIP: Porto (To win to nil)


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Sunday, 19 May 2019
Battleground (1949)
It is the end of 1944, and a group of American soldiers are sent to Bastogne to hunker down in the town's outskirts during what became known as the 'Siege of Bastogne,' part of the larger Battle of the Bulge in World War II. We follow Private Jim Layton as he joins the squad and works to make a place for himself in this tight-knit group, as they battle the onslaught from the German forces, the dwindling supplies, and the harsh winter.
Paul Vogel's black-and-white cinematography really immerses you in the bleak environment of war-torn Bastogne. Most the scenes are set outside in the snow and fog, shrouding the characters in white as they camp in their snow-covered trenches, emphasising the bitterness of the weather. The acting from the ensemble cast is really good; with such a large number of characters it could be easy to lose track of who's who, but with actors like Van Johnson, Ricardo Montalban and James Whitmore this doesn't happen after initially meeting them.
While this is not as famous as many other WWII films, it is certainly worth watching. You really feel bedded in with the troops, spending time with them as they wait nervous and bored for something to happen, or facing death as they return sudden enemy fire. The deaths are done poignantly, without much display of emotion, and yet they do sink in. This film may be quiet and at times look subdued, but it is infused with a nervous tension throughout that draws you in.
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Google reports quantum supremacy in draft paper
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Quantum supremacy, whereby a quantum computer solves a problem in a significantly shorter time than a conventional (classical) computer, may have been achieved for the first time.
Reaching this longstanding goal in physics and computer science is described in a draft paper that appears to be written by scientists at Google and the Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab collaboration, which includes NASA researchers. The document appeared briefly on a NASA website before it was taken down. It is believed to be an early version of a paper that has been submitted to a leading scientific journal.
The paper describes how a quantum computer comprising 53 programmable superconducting quantum bits was used to determine the output of a randomly-chosen quantum circuit made from a sequence of quantum gates. The output is a string of binary numbers and if the process is repeated many times, the results can be described as a probability distribution that resembles an interference pattern. This arises from the quantum interference that underlies the operation of quantum circuit.
The interference pattern was determined by Google's Sycamore quantum processor by making one million measurements on a quantum circuit, which took about 200 s. The authors say that a state-of-the-art supercomputer would take about 10,000 years to calculate the same probability distribution.
While the problem solved by the quantum computer is not particularly useful for any practical applications, the team writes that their achievement "provides an experimental realization of quantum supremacy on a computational task and heralds the advent of a much-anticipated computing paradigm". They add, "To our knowledge, this experiment marks the first computation that can only be performed on a quantum processor".
If this is indeed the first demonstration of quantum supremacy, it does not mean that practical quantum computers will soon be available. Ashley Montanaro of the University of Bristol explains: "There's still a long way to go between a demonstration of quantum supremacy and genuinely practical applications of quantum computing, but in my view reaching this milestone is a genuinely exciting moment".
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Requirements-Driven Software Development System (ReDSeeDS)
The software development industry, while being the key driver of the modern economy, has an unacceptably high level of failures; caused largely by the high complexity (interdependencies and variability) of requirements. The software development industry has significant problems with managing this complexity – with keeping track of changes and reusing knowledge from previous projects. The main barrier in overcoming these problems is the lack of widely accepted and easy to apply mechanisms for expressing and reusing coherent solutions to problems formulated as user requirements.
The main objective of the ReDSeeDS project is thus to create an open framework consisting of a scenario-driven development method (precise specification language and process for the "how-to"), including a repository for reuse and tool support throughout. The basic reuse approach will be case-based, where a reusable case is a complete set of closely linked (through mappings or transformations) software development technical artifacts (models and code), leading from the initial user's needs to the resulting executable application.
A new problem description, in the form of a requirements model, can be matched with previous requirements models. The solution information (models and code) of the most similar problem can then be taken for reuse and adapted to even only partially developed requirements. Unlike other approaches, the effort associated with preparing reusable solutions with the ReDSeeDS framework is kept to a minimum.
To develop this framework, the project combines and enhances the state of the art in the areas of requirements engineering, meta- modeling, model transformation and querying and inference techniques. This combination, while innovative in itself, enables a completely new approach to software development based on this form of case-based reuse. Such an approach is an enabling factor for starting a true reuse-oriented software development community, based on openly available case query engines and solutions validated in practice.


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Former.BCGEU.ca is provided for reference only and is no longer being updated. For up to date information, please visit www.bcgeu.ca
Inside a chaotic government welfare office in Victoria, crying children were tired of waiting in line, desperate adults couldn't get their cheques, and overwhelmed ministry staff faced relentless criticism over a provincewide computer failure. Read more.


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ATLANTA — For four hours in a downtown courtroom on Monday, friends and family rose to praise 10 public school educators for their faith, their character and their commitment to the city's poorest and most vulnerable students.
The educators had all been convicted on April 1 for their roles in one of the nation's largest school cheating scandals. Though Monday was the day they were expected to be sentenced — with each facing up to 20 years and some more — the task of arriving at an appropriate punishment proved complicated, and the day ended with prosecutors and defense lawyers trying to work out a deal.
Each educator was convicted of racketeering, a felony; some were also convicted of lesser crimes, all connected to their involvement in what prosecutors described as a conspiracy to artificially inflate test scores at struggling Atlanta schools.
The sentences must be approved by Judge Jerry W. Baxter of Fulton County Superior Court, who presided, sometimes testily, over the six-month trial. During Monday's sentencing hearing, as allies of the educators spoke of their commitment to family and lives of service, Judge Baxter described his struggle in arriving at a proper punishment.
For a while, the judge said, he thought an appropriate sentence would mean sending the educators to jail — "not for a lengthy time, but going to jail." But then he had a change of heart: "Somehow this morning it just came to me, you know, that the only reason that I'd send you to jail is for retribution," he said, addressing the defendants.
The judge urged the two sides to hammer out a deal, and ordered them back in court on Tuesday morning.
The scandal came to light more than six years ago as The Atlanta Journal-Constitution began publishing articles questioning the significant improvement in scores that some schools were reporting on the Criterion-Referenced Competency Test, a standardized test given throughout Georgia.
A state investigation completed in 2011 found that nearly 180 employees of the Atlanta Public Schools were complicit, in some cases gathering at cheating parties to erase wrong test answers and fill in the correct ones. A Fulton County grand jury later indicted 35 educators, including Beverly L. Hall, the former schools superintendent, who had previously been celebrated for a management style influenced by the corporate world and its focus on using data as a means of judging employee performance.
Twenty-one of the educators reached plea agreements. Ms. Hall maintained her innocence and died before she could stand trial, as did one other defendant.
That left a dozen educators who chose to stand trial. One of them, Dessa Curb, a former elementary school teacher, was acquitted. Another former elementary teacher, Shani Robinson, was found guilty, but she delivered a baby over the weekend, according to news reports, and will be sentenced later.
The case, and its all-black roster of defendants, presented a moral conundrum for not only the courts, but for Atlanta, a majority black city where teachers have long been a linchpin of the African-American middle class.
At the same time, prosecutors noted that many low-income black students were victims of the scheme, with their false accomplishments obscuring the fact that they actually needed extra help.
In one of the most striking episodes, Andrew Young, the civil rights leader, former Atlanta mayor and former United Nations ambassador, was invited to speak on behalf of one defendant, Angela Williamson. Instead, he talked about the failures of the American educational system and the perils of its focus on testing at the expense of individual students.
"We have messed up school so much," he said. "Well, tests and grades do not make you educated."
A prosecutor for the district attorney's office, who asked not to be identified because he was not authorized to discuss the case, said that the office had contacted most of the defense lawyers over the weekend, offering their clients deals that would have required some, but not all, of the defendants to spend up to a year in the county jail, and included probation and community service, the prosecutor said. The defendants would have had to pay fines, acknowledge responsibility and waive their right to appeal.
But the prosecutor said that defense lawyers balked at the idea of jail time and acknowledging responsibility.
In court on Monday, Paul Howard, the Fulton County district attorney, said that the defendants' acknowledgment of responsibility would be crucial.
"Take the rest of the afternoon to discuss this over and see if you can come up with some agreement," Judge Baxter said. "I'd prefer for this thing to be ended for everybody, to try to help heal the open wound in this city."


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Life, AKIN, Published on 27/03/2019
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Hello my fellow Nigerians! It is with great fear and deep sense of uncertainty that I present to you my survival budget for the year 2012. Even though I know you all have your individual suffering and smiling lives to worry about, I feel the compelling need to present this budget to you so if I don't make it till the end of the year 2012, you will bear me witness that I planned along the dictates of the oppressors of our land but the rapists who continuously assault our economy killed my plans and dreams for the sake of their God forsaken children.
The highpoints of the proposed budget by the leader, president, person in charge of the country to the honourables, thieves in the house of assembly are (Note all figures should be read in Naira);
- Recurrent expenditure – 2.4Trillion (Am sure 70% of this goes to service the miserable lives of the so called elite – in government and their family and friends, waka to all of them)
- Capital expenditure – 1.3Trillion (I bet they will be spending like 100million to build public toilet for us Nigerians, as they know that is our most basic need, abi?)
- Statutory Transfer – 398Billion (This is nothing but authority stealing and it is worse than armed robbery.)
- Debt servicing – 560Billion (Yeah! Ngozi Iweala, che na like dis we go dey pay?)
- Security – 921Billion (If we will pay this much for our insecurity, we might as well give the money to Boko Haram, let's pay them off and live in peace, not continue suffering in pieces.)
- Education – 400Billion (Where are thy teachers, do not be fooled because the more you see, the less you see o!)
- Health – 282Billion (What a pity! What a pity!! What a pity!!! So much more amongst us will die still of ill health and inadequate health facilities.)
(Note: There is no provision for fuel subsidy in this budget)
I earn fifty thousand naira monthly as a graduate, which is six hundred thousand naira in a year. After tax, VAT, payee (who knows the difference in all these?) and the likes have been deducted from my salary, I will be left with about five hundred and fifty thousand for the year. So let me give you my plan, which is tailored along the plan our government has for me.
- Recurrent expenditure – 120Thousand (I pay house rent thirty thousand naira every year at Makoko waterside, pay NEPA bill one thousand naira every month, pay water bill one thousand naira every month, pay toilet {agbepo} bill five hundred naira every month, buy averagely five thousand naira fuel for my I pass my neighbor generator every month) money don finish, I don diiee!!!
- Capital Expenditure – 60Thousand (My girlfriend, Comfort {although sometimes she be discomfort} collects five thousand naira per month, even still she go the ration the straffing for me) na wah o! On top my money.)
- Statutory transfer – 120Thousand (I give my mother and siblings ten thousand naira every month) otherwise, na curse dem go dey send give me steady.
- Debt Servicing – 50Thousand (Even though it is as I pay some debt from one source that I borrow from another) America sef dey owe na, wetin!
- Security – 10Thousand (Five hundred naira monthly for the OPC on my street and four thousand for my yearly Bendel insurance from my village) Ask Jonathan wether himself no dey do Bendel insurance.
- Education – Zero Thousand (I don educate finish).
- Health – 36Thousand (I drink averagely three thousand naira worth of jedi, sepe, awopa, dogoyaro, monkey tail, soldier root, afoot and things every month) God forbid hospital matter, it is not in my portion.
- Food – 108Thousand (I spend three hundred naira for food daily, yam and beans hundred naira for morning, akpu and egusi {one meat} hundred naira in the afternoon, garri with bitter leaf {one fish} at night, some weekends if Comfort feels like she dey manage cook five hundred soup wey go last two days) most importantly, I try to eat a balanced diet.
- Transport – 46Thousand (I spend one hundred and fifty naira naira daily on transport from my ghetto in Makoko to my office on Oshodi expressway, don't ask me how I manage that, try figure it out yourself but I assure you it is a case of forty nine seating, ninety nine standing, one twenty nine walking) Lagos na wah!
Already, with this budget, I have exceeded my annual income by eight thousand naira. There is no plan for a better tomorrow, just daily survival. I opened an account during my NYSC days and I think I should still have five hundred naira in there, other than that, I have not visited a bank in two years (my salary is paid cash by the way, so wetin I dey find go bank? Did I hear you say "save", Nna bros, respect yasef o!)
Somebody should help me tell Jonsing Jonah, with the removal of fuel subsidy, introduction of toll gate, increasing of NEPA bill and enforcement of cassava bread (that will surely scatter my balanced diet plan), I will just commit… NO!… (I no wan die, mama dey for house, papa dey for house, I wan enjoy, I wan build house) I will just begin to cry from morning till night every day, even when I dey drink sepe for mama sikira joint, na cry I go dey cry, even when Comfort come to comfort me, na cry I go dey cry. Jonah you dey hear me so.
Nobodi Dey Here ©Mystery Media


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CMTU's January meeting will be this Wednesday, January 16th. From 6:00-6:30, Ed Meyer will be tying flies. Bring your vise or just come and socialize. The meeting will start at 6:30. Our speaker this month is John Kovach, Managing Director of the Catskill Fly Fishing Center and Museum.
See our January newsletter for more information about CMTU activities.
I also have some sad news to report. Renno Budziak, one of our members–and a good friend to many–passed away last week. There's a tribute to Renno in the newsletter. Services for Renno will be held on Saturday, the 19th from 2:00-5:00 at Keyser Funeral Service in Kingston, NY. Please read the tribute to Renno in the newsletter.


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BTEC FIRST business unit 4 people in organisations
Discussion in 'Business studies' started by Mickz123, Feb 28, 2011.


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Real Madrid Vs. Atletico Madrid Live Stream: Watch The La Liga Derby Online
Goooooal! It's time for the Madrid Derby, as crosstown rivals – Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid – will clash in La Liga on April 8. The action is going to be hotter than the plains in Spain so don't miss it when the game kicks off at 10:15 AM ET.
Real Madrid head into this game with Atletico Madrid with a slight lead over Barcelona in La Liga. With Barca facing the struggling Malaga during this week of play, the last thing Los Blancos can afford is a loss to Atletico. Thankfully for Cristiano Ronaldo, 32, Gareth Bale, 27, Karim Benzema, 29, and the rest of Real, they're playing at home. Can Los Rojiblancos take down Real at home? There's only one way to find out.
Real Madrid Hottest Hunks — PICS
The Madrid Derby used to be viewed as a clash of "Fascist Rich Vs. Honest Poor," as Real Madrid living up to its "royalty" moniker. Los Blancos play in the upper-class district of Chamartin. Atletico plays in Vincente Calderon in the working class Arganzuela neighborhood. However, Richard Ballout argued on FourFourTwo that it's an outdated model.
Though Real Madrid has often been considered to be a "pet" of fascist dictator Francisco Franco, Richard argued that slandering Real to be the team of rich elites is wrong. After all, some of Aletico's most fervent supporters – the Ultras, such as Atletico Frente – have demonstrated right-wing and racist attitudes. During the Feb. 2014 derby, chants of "Marcelo is a monkey' rained down on the 28-year-old Real Madrid player's head. So, while it's easy to paint it as a clash between the "good" workers of Atletico versus the "evil" rich Real, it's not that simple.
However, it's not beyond imagination to call this match as important as a final. In fact, that's how Saul Niguez, 22, defender for Atletico, is going to treat this match. "We're viewing it as a final and we hope that this match will go the same way as our previous ones at the [Estadio Santiago] Bernabeu," he said, according to Marca. "The match will be decided by the small details."
Fans can watch all the small details of this big game by tuning into beIN Sports coverage of the game (after entering in their cable information.) CLICK HERE TO WATCH THE REAL MADRID VS. ATLETICO MADRID LIVE STREAM.
Who do you want to win the Madrid Derby, HollywoodLifers? Do you think Atletico will upset Real? Will Los Blancos win La Liga?


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By Natalie Schack
What's going on, weather? Are you feeling hot and bothered? Damp and gloomy? Easy, breezy beautiful? You don't seem to know whether you wanna rain or shine, beam or blow. We're worried about you, bro.
Well, to be honest, we've also got a bit of a selfish interest: A gal's gotta know if it's a sundress or sweater kind of week! This climate change has seriously left us in the lurch. But we're keeping our eyes on something that's bound to look chic no matter what apparel we're rocking: It's accessories to the rescue with Jana Lam's upcoming collab, arm candy that will stand shoulder to shoulder with you through fall's flighty forecasts. Phew.
Lam's signature, hand-drawn patterns and totally wearable designs have made her clutches our go-to for years, thanks to some unbelievably pretty products and a local manufacturing setup that we can really get behind. So, when we got wind that Lam is not only bringing her bags back to HONOLULU Fashion Week this year, she's also toting along a couple of hot new items in luxurious leather, we had to know more.
Lam called in fashionable reinforcements and teamed up with fellow maker Erin Sim from Umbrella Collective. Sim, who's living the Pacific Northwest life in Portland right now but has ties to the Islands, specializes in beautifully crafted leather bags. Lam's always dreamed of putting her lovely prints on leather, so the duo got to it, testing varieties of inks and screens before they were successful, and the result is an elegant accessorizing dream. Featuring Lam's classic banana leaf pattern, the leather designs come in a big hobo, mini hobo or wristlet style, in black, gray, camel and turquoise.
You'll get to take a first peek of these beauties at the Jana Lam booth in the HONOLULU Fashion Week Marketplace, but be quick! The ladies made a scant 35 pieces for the debut and, with this level of sophisticated craftsmanship, we don't think they'll stick around long.
In other words, you'll want to be at this Marketplace—come wind, come weather.
$120–$210, at the HONOLULU Fashion Week Marketplace, Thursday, Nov. 10, 5–9 p.m.; Friday, Nov. 11, 11 a.m.–9 p.m.; and Saturday, Nov. 12, 11 a.m.–9 p.m. at the Hawai'i Convention Center. Learn more at honolulufashionweek.com.
Tags:2016 Jana Lam HONOLULU Fashion Week Hawaiian Airlines Hawaii Convention Center Marketplace


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