text:
Engineering Materials and Their Applications
Houghton Mifflin, 1975 - Engineering - 551 pages
This edition of the classic text/reference book has been updated and revised to provide balanced coverage of metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. The first five chapters assess the different structures of metals, ceramics and polymers and how stress and temperature affect them. Demonstrates how to optimize a material's structure by using equilibrium data (phase diagrams) and nonequilibrium conditions, especially precipitation hardening. Discusses the structures, characteristics and applications of the important materials in each field. Considers topics common to all materials--corrosion and oxidation, failure analysis, processing of electrical and magnetic materials, materials selection and specification. Contains special chapters on advanced and large volume engineering materials plus abundant examples and problems.
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Engineering Materials and Their Applications
Richard Aloysius Flinn,Paul K. Trojan
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Engineering Materials and Their Applications
Richard Aloysius Flinn,Paul K. Trojan
Snippet view - 1975
Engineering Materials and Their Applications
Richard Aloysius Flinn,Paul K. Trojan
Snippet view - 1975
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0.8 percent carbon acid alloys aluminum Annealed anode atoms austenite bainite bonds brittle Calculate cast iron cathode ceramics Chap chemical chromium cold-worked composition cooling copper corrosion corrosion rate crystal crystalline curve density diffusion discussed ductile iron effect elastic electrical electron hole electrons elements elongation energy engineering eutectoid example Fe2+ ferrite fibers fracture glass grain graphite hardening hardness heat treatment hydrogen important ionic ions liquid load magnesium magnetic martensite material matrix melt metal microstructure modulus mold molecules nickel obtain oxide oxygen pearlite percent silicon percentage phase diagram plane plastic polarization polyethylene polymer polymerization precipitate produced properties quenched reaction refractory resistance semiconductor shown in Fig silica slip sodium solid solution specimen strain stress structure surface Table temper tensile strength thermoplastic thermosetting transformation two-phase typical unit cell valence volume yield strength zinc
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One committee chairman in the New Hampshire House admitted in a rare moment of candor that he intends to use schools as a political hostage in his grand negotiating scheme. This sort of cynical manipulation helps explain why average citizens have such contempt for politicians and their perverted sense of ethics.
New Hampshire's charter school law has been in limbo for the better part of a year. The Attorney General's Office has told the state Board of Education that its interpretation of language passed last session prohibits the board from allowing any new schools to open. Oddly, the authors of that language intended precisely the opposite.
This session, to clear up the misunderstanding or competing interpretations, legislation was proposed to restore the old statutory language. The sole purpose of such a change is to clarify the board's ability to authorize schools and resolve the attorney general's objection.
How controversial is this bill? It isn't. The bill was endorsed by the House Education committee and passed the full House on a voice vote. Nor is this a partisan issue. The current governor has a history of being supportive of charter schools and her budget includes the funding to open a few more each of the next two years. This legislation makes that possible.
Further according to a recent news report "the Board of Education and the Attorney General have both said they would welcome the clarity such a change could provide."
So without any concerted opposition, this common-sense legislation should pass quickly so the new schools everyone agrees should be authorized can open and be ready for the school year starting in September. So it would have seemed until political gamesmanship entered the stage.
Although it has already passed the House once, the bill has to go before the House Finance Committee. It was in Finance that the games began. Rep. Dan Eaton saw the bill as a political pawn to be held hostage.
Eaton is a particularly powerful member of House Democratic leadership. He is both majority floor leader (a key parliamentary position) and chairman of division 2 of House Finance (one of the most important budget writing positions).
In a public hearing, Eaton discussed with a lobbyist testifying before the committee his idea that the House neither pass nor defeat the bill. Instead, he wanted to hold the bill — and therefore the ability of the government to authorize new charter schools that the governor and state board are ready to support — hostage to future budget negotiations.
Eaton said "I'm looking at this as political. I want to have a trump card or two, and this is a healthy trump card" for a future negotiation with the Senate over the state budget.
Consider what he's saying: He liked the bill and supports the policy, but he believes he can use the bill as part of a hostage negotiation with the Senate. He wants to say to the Senate "I know you want this, but we'll kill it even though we like it too unless you do something else we want that is completely unrelated."
Without question, some give and take and normal compromise will be part of a budget process. Everyone expects the House and Senate to pass different budgets and to then negotiate over the details of what gets included. But this bill isn't part of that process and wouldn't be part of that negotiation unless Eaton gets to keep it captive in a back room. In effect, he's looking at charter schools and saying, "I'm sorry you got caught in the crossfire, but I think I can sell you for a good price."
The governor's budget plans on five additional charter schools opening in September. The state Board of Education has said there are five schools ready to be authorized as soon as this language is in place. What no one counted on was Eaton's desire to "have a trump card or two."
Every session there are maverick legislators who go off on their own with some half-baked plan. But remember that Dan Eaton is no maverick backbencher. What makes this attempted abuse of power harder to excuse is that he's one of the most powerful members of leadership. Division chair of House Finance is one of the most powerful positions in the House, as is majority floor leader, and he has both jobs.
There's a simple solution here: kill it or pass it. The bill isn't complicated. You want to authorize new schools or you want to extend a moratorium. But don't hold schools hostage to your Machiavellian budget gamesmanship.
Charles Arlinghaus is president of the Josiah Bartlett Center for Public Policy, a free market think tank based in Concord. He can be reached at email@example.com.


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To subscribe to the selected schedule, copy this URL and then paste it into the "Internet Calendar" field for your calendar program (e.g. Google Calendar or Outlook). If you're using a Mac or iPhone, you can subscribe by clicking this link: Schedule
|F Final Score (Visitors-Home) Note: Select a team above to show W/L/T status
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Look at the streets of Spring Farm: the atmosphere is hectic and any one of your competitors can establish their physical store right across the street and try to take over your customers. To establish yourself as a leading expert in your field, sometimes it is not enough to know that no one offers higher quality products and services than you. Sometimes, it takes a bit of magic to attract and appeal to your customers. This is where ImpeccaBuild steps in to help you up your game.
No matter the industry you operate in, the competition is fierce and it is getting more difficult by the day to stay on top. We are a team of refurbishment specialist and offer commercial fit-out services in Spring Farm to those who are looking for new functional and aesthetic solutions for their office, cafe, restaurant, retail shop or medical centre.


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One of many moving stories of Hurricane Sandy involved a family in an affluent area of New York awakened by the rush of water into their home.
As the floodwaters rose, the father led his family up to their attic, whence they were rescued several hours later. A neighbor, who saw the father the next day carrying what few belongings he was able to salvage in a gym bag, asked him how he was doing. The fellow, who had just lost his house to Sandy, smiled and said "Thank God. Everything is great!" Seeing the neighbor's jaw drop, he quickly added "I have my wife and kids. That's all I need."
Sandy destroyed this man's home, his possessions and his net worth, but it could not defeat his spirit. Indeed, it brought out his greatness. Let's face it—losses can be psychologically devastating. Behavioral finance research has shown that people experience the pain of loss with something like two and a half times the intensity of the joy of gain. Indeed, there are people who spend their lives wallowing in misery over some past loss—the deal that fell apart, the cushy gig that seemingly slipped away, the relationship that just didn't work out.
And while many are stuck in the past, there are probably just as many who fantasize about a future that will likely never occur. If only I had this job, this relationship, or this whatever … I'd be happy.
But the future cannot be acquired any more than the past recovered. The only reality is in the present, where an unfalsifiable accounting of your true spiritual and material resources resides. Troubled by your past? Then build yourself up—starting from those resources. Have a vision for a certain kind of future? Then build that future, realistically, using those resources at your disposal.
It is an intrinsic part of our natures, and a necessary one too, to want things. Without powerful material drives, we'd never build, create or sustain anything. But it takes greatness to match your wants to your needs, as this storm-tossed man did.
Hurricane Sandy confronted a large number of Americans with losses of things they might have taken for granted—like power, running water, a clean, safe home, and perhaps even their loved ones. How many people turn on a light switch, or bite into a fresh fruit, and express gratitude for that small miracle?
In Sandy's wake, and with the knowledge that life will inevitably bring fresh disturbances to our peace, we'd all do well to renew our appreciation for our own bountiful inventory of personal resources, which is probably greater than we might at first think. As Americans bathe in the glow of Chanukah and Christmas lights soon upon us, can we express our gratitude for having what we need?


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How Do I Switch Doctors?
I'm 14 and would like to switch doctors because I have been seeing a pediatrician.
At what age do most people switch? How do I do it?
– Rachelle*
There's no set age for making switching from a pediatrician to an adult doctor — it can be whenever a person feels ready. Most pediatricians stop seeing patients somewhere between the ages of 18 and 21, so you'll need to make the switch eventually. Now is a good time to take the first step and start getting involved in making decisions about your health.
Pediatricians are trained to treat teens, so it's perfectly fine to continue to see your pediatrician as long as you feel comfortable. However, some people find it harder to connect with their childhood doctors as they get older. It's not easy to talk about serious topics like gyn exams if you have a doc who still thinks it's cute to tickle your belly and hand out Spongebob stickers. If you think you've outgrown your pediatrician, talk to your parents about making a switch.
Since there's so much going on health-wise during our teen years, you may want to see a health care provider who specializes in caring for teens. Adolescent medicine specialists have extra training in the medical and emotional issues that many teens face. Visit the Society for Adolescent Medicine's website. They have a database to help people find an adolescent health professional.
Can't find an adolescent medicine specialist in your area? Don't worry — family practitioners, internists, or ob/gyns can help you too. Ask your parents or older siblings to suggest doctors, or get recommendations from your school nurse.
*Names have been changed to protect user privacy.


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2006 Census Topic-based tabulations
Archived Content
Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please contact us to request a format other than those available.
Topic-based tabulation: Household Income Groups (24) in Constant (2005) Dollars and Household Tenure and Mortgage Status (5) for the Private Non-farm Non-Reserve Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2000 and 2005 - 20% Sample Data
About this tabulation
General information
|Catalogue number:
|Release date:
|September 30, 2008
|Income and earnings
|Data dimensions:
Note: Data Quality - Historical earnings and income data and outliers
Changes in methodology and response modes introduced in the 2006 Census resulted in improved income data. However, these changes also mean that some comparisons with data from previous censuses and some data for the highest earnings and income amounts are affected.
For the 2006 Census, changes to methods for capturing and processing the 2006 Census income data and the introduction of data from tax files may have an impact on the trends analysis for earnings at the individual level in particular (but also total income).
There are more reported small amounts in 2006 and less rounding of the amounts that now come from tax data. To compare from census to census, users are advised to consider full-year full-time earners as the presence of more small amounts tends to lower the mean and median when considering the full population of earners.
As in the past, when considering small populations, one or more outliers may affect the average. In regions with sampling, this makes the estimate of the mean unreliable because of the variance due to sampling for smaller populations. The standard error of the average should help identify these situations. With extremely small populations, the median might also be affected by the presence of outliers. Users are required to interpret data with caution when the sub-population has small or very small counts.
Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics
Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.
Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).
Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.
Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.
Note: Historical comparison of census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2001 and 2006
A few census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs) have different geographical boundaries in 2006 as compared to 2001. In order to facilitate data comparisons, the 2001 CMA and CA data have been adjusted to reflect as closely as possible the 2006 CMA and CA boundaries. Care should then be taken when looking at the 2001 Census data. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.
Note: Income suppression
Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.
Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions
Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.
In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.
Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings
Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.
In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.
Note: Non-permanent residents and the census universe
In the 2006 Census, non-permanent residents are defined as people from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living in Canada with them. In the 1991, 1996 and 2001 censuses, non-permanent residents also included persons who held a Minister's permit; this was discontinued by Citizenship and Immigration Canada prior to the 2006 Census.
From 1991 on, the Census of Population has enumerated both permanent and non-permanent residents of Canada. Prior to 1991, only permanent residents of Canada were included in the census. (The only exception to this occurred in 1941.) Non-permanent residents were considered foreign residents and were not enumerated.
Total population counts, as well as counts for all variables, are affected by this change in the census universe. Users should be especially careful when comparing data from 1991, 1996, 2001 or 2006 with data from previous censuses in geographic areas where there is a concentration of non-permanent residents.
Today in Canada, non-permanent residents make up a significant segment of the population, especially in several census metropolitan areas. Their presence can affect the demand for such government services as health care, schooling, employment programs and language training. The inclusion of non-permanent residents in the census facilitates comparisons with provincial and territorial statistics (marriages, divorces, births and deaths) which include this population. In addition, this inclusion of non-permanent residents brings Canadian practice closer to the United Nations (UN) recommendation that long-term residents (persons living in a country for one year or longer) be enumerated in the census.
Although every attempt has been made to enumerate non-permanent residents, factors such as language difficulties, the reluctance to complete a government form or to understand the need to participate may have affected the enumeration of this population.
For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.
For counts of the non-permanent resident population in 1991, 2001 and 2006, please refer to the 2006 Census table 97-557-XCB2006006.
Note: Population universe
The population universe of the 2006 Census includes the following groups:
- Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants with a usual place of residence in Canada;
- Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants who are abroad, either on a military base or attached to a diplomatic mission;
- Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants at sea or in port aboard merchant vessels under Canadian registry;
- persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who are claiming refugee status and members of their families living with them;
- persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who hold Study Permits and members of their families living with them;
- persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who hold Work Permits and members of their families living with them.
For census purposes, the last three groups in this list are referred to as 'non-permanent residents'. For further information, refer to the variable Immigration: Non-permanent resident found in the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.
Data table
|Household income groups (24)
|Year (2)
|2000Footnote 3
|2005Footnote 4
|Total - Household income groupsFootnote 5
|Under $5,000
|$5,000 to $9,999
|$10,000 to $14,999
|$15,000 to $19,999
|$20,000 to $24,999
|$25,000 to $29,999
|$30,000 to $34,999
|$35,000 to $39,999
|$40,000 to $44,999
|$45,000 to $49,999
|$50,000 to $59,999
|$60,000 to $69,999
|$70,000 to $79,999
|$80,000 to $89,999
|$90,000 to $99,999
|$100,000 to $124,999
|$125,000 to $149,999
|$150,000 and over
|Median household income $
|Average household income $
|Standard error of average household income $
|Average number of persons
|Average number of income recipients
- Footnote 1
Refers to whether some member of the household owns or rents the dwelling and if it is owned with or without mortgage.
- Footnote 2
Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
- Footnote 3
Canadian censuses were conducted in 2001 and 2006. Income data from these censuses relate to the calendar year prior to the census year, i.e., 2000 and 2005 respectively. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.
- Footnote 4
Canadian censuses were conducted in 2001 and 2006. Income data from these censuses relate to the calendar year prior to the census year, i.e., 2000 and 2005 respectively. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.
- Footnote 5
Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household.
Total income refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:
- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.
After-tax income of households - The after-tax income of a household is the sum of the after tax incomes of all members of that household. After-tax income of household members refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2005.
Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses,
lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.
Average income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, and households - Average income of families (census/economic) or persons 15 years of age and over not in families or households refers to the weighted mean total income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households in 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of families (for example, husband-wife families with working wives) or persons not in families or households (for example, two person households) by the number of families, persons not in families, or households in that respective group, whether or not they reported income.
Median income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, and households - The median income of a specified group of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves. That is, the incomes of the first half of the families, persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median incomes of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households are normally calculated for all units in the specified group, whether or not they reported income.
Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and a half standard errors.
The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics on the after-tax income of families (census/economic), persons not in families and households.
Household - Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy the same dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada. It may consist of a family group (census family) with or without other non-family persons, of two or more families sharing a dwelling, of a group of unrelated persons, or of one person living alone. Household members who are temporarily absent on Census Day (e.g., temporary residents elsewhere) are considered as part of their usual household. For census purposes, every person is a member of one and only one household. Unless otherwise specified, all data in household reports are for private households only.
Households are classified into three groups: private households, collective households and households outside Canada.
Household, private - Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy a private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada.
Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-563-XCB2006049.
Download data as displayed in the Data table tab
- CSV (comma-separated values) file Footnote a
15 KB (approximate)
- TAB (tab-separated values) file Footnote b
15 KB (approximate)
Download entire table
- IVT (Beyond 20/20) file Footnote c
0.40 MB (422,201 bytes)
- XML (SDMX - Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange) file Footnote d
0.29 MB (299,941 bytes)
- Footnote a
To access the comma separated values (CSV) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example csview.
- Footnote b
To access the tab separated values (TAB) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example AscToTab.
- Footnote c
To access the Beyond 20/20 (IVT) version, you need the Beyond 20/20 Table Browser, which may be downloaded below. These links download files directly from an external site and are not the responsibility of Statistics Canada.
Beyond 20/20 Browser for Windows operating systems (18.9 MB)
To install this product, run 'ProBrowser.exe'.
- Footnote d
XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.
Related data
2006 Census analysis series:Earnings and Incomes of Canadians Over the Past Quarter Century, 2006 Census: Findings
2006 Census reference guides and technical reports:Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census


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I'm wondering when'll AMD Opensource Drivers be feature-complete for Evergreen chips. Around 10-13 features are in todo/working state for last 3 years. Looking at http://www.x.org/wiki/RadeonFeature feels like the entire develpment has been halted for some years. Is it the usual pace? Or is that page not updated?
No announcement yet.
When'll AMD Opensource Drivers be feature-complete for Evergreen chips
new posts
That's not the only place to look for progress. Evergreen chips use the r600g driver, which has been steadily progressing and is now almost OpenGL 3.3 compliant. Just this week they gained OpenGL 3.1 compliance.
Over the last month or two Mr. Glisse's Hyper-Z patches have resurfaced, and in a better state than they previously were, so they should be closer to being merged, which will be another box ticked. Mr. Stellard is continuing to make progress on the OpenCL backend.
Just because that page marks something as WIP for a long time that doesn't mean it has stagnated or that progress isn't being made - some of the tasks listed are huge.
I guess the most important part of the answer is that the addition of a feature to the list doesn't necessarily mean that anyone expects to ever work on it -- sometimes features are added just to make it clear what is and is not included.
Most of the features you mentioned are discussed here on a regular basis, but here's a quick summary off the top of my head :
* Video Decode (XvMC/VDPAU/VA-API) on the 3D engine -- Christian and others put a lot of work into this and concluded that it wasn't likely to work particularly well for H.264 using the graphics pipeline. Christian thought that compute shaders (with their lower overhead) might be a sufficient improvement but at the time the compute infrastructure wasn't in place. Short term focus is on investigating whether we can expose UVD support (internal), and building up compute infrastructure via OpenCL efforts below.
* Video Decode (XvMC/VDPAU/VA-API) on UVD - see above
* Hybrid Graphics - lots of work on this over the last year, mostly by airlied
* Stippled Primitives - don't think anyone is looking at this, or if there is much use outside of a few workstation apps
* Smooth Primitives - ditto
* Tessellation Shader Stages - believe this is GL4 functionality so would probably get looked at after 3.3 is done
* Geometry Shaders - this is GL3.2 so "it's number just came up" -- article in the last few days about work on this by airlied
* Hyper-Z - lots of work on this over the last year but don't think it's ready to turn on by default yet
* CrossFire (multi-card) - don't think anyone is looking at this -- improving performance of single card 3D is generally felt to be better use of time
* Compute (OpenCL) - lots of work on this over the last year by tstellard and a some community developers
BTW I only counted 10 -- what did I miss ?Last edited by bridgman; 01-14-2013, 03:00 AM.
current status
Thank you all.
Well, here's the current status:
todo items: Video Decode (XvMC/VDPAU/VA-API) on UVD, Stippled Primitives, Smooth Primitives, Tessellation Shader Stages, Geometry Shaders, Crossfire.
wip items: Video Decode (XvMC/VDPAU/VA-API) on the 3D engine, Hyper-Z, Compute (OpenCL).
mostly items: Hybrid Graphics
Among the above items, would anybody please tell me which ones are not important for everyday tasks - media playback, games and usual work stuff. And what progress have been made?
One or the other of the Video Decode features may be "nice to have" or "must have" for media playback depending on the codec used (some codecs are not supported by UVD anyways), resolution of the video (lower res videos are easier to play without decode acceleration), and whether your machine has enough CPU/GPU power to play it acceptably without decode acceleration.
Hybrid Graphics support is important if you bought a laptop that uses hybrid graphics (typically an IGP and GPU together), not used otherwise.
HyperZ is interesting because once all the quirks are figured out it has the potential to add maybe 10% improvement in 3D gaming performance, which is definitely nice.
The rest are probably not important to most people for everyday use.
Note that even if a GL level or GL feature is not needed today it probably will be needed for some game at some point in the future so worth working on today anyways.
In case it helps, the most requested additions seem to be (a) improved power management (current PM implementation depends on having fairly complete power tables in the VBIOS and increasingly that is not the case), (b) video decode acceleration for HTPC-type applications, (c) improved OpenCL support.Last edited by bridgman; 01-14-2013, 04:26 AM.
That questions isn't known - for UVD and advanced power management they need to write the code internally. Then it must be put through a technical review to make sure they don't give away any information that could be used to compromise the DRM on Windows, as this would open them up to large and costly court cases. It's rather hard (if not impossible) to make a prediction as they can't know the outcome of the technical review in advance - it could be 6 months, it could be never.
OpenCL is being worked on by Mr. Stellard however, the wiki page for that is here.
Senior Member
- Apr 2010
- 1878
Originally posted by manmath View PostThank you all.
Well, here's the current status:
todo items: Video Decode (XvMC/VDPAU/VA-API) on UVD, Stippled Primitives, Smooth Primitives, Tessellation Shader Stages, Geometry Shaders, Crossfire.
wip items: Video Decode (XvMC/VDPAU/VA-API) on the 3D engine, Hyper-Z, Compute (OpenCL).
mostly items: Hybrid Graphics
Among the above items, would anybody please tell me which ones are not important for everyday tasks - media playback, games and usual work stuff. And what progress have been made?
The rest of the features comes to OpenGL4.2, Video decode either via UVD or OpenCL, more efficient power management and Crossfire.
In recent four years driver went from OpenGL1 to 3.1. Thats a lot of progress thats shareable between all drivers! Then the open drivers already support GL ES and have solved the S3TC patent problem (kudos to S2TC devs!) and the Khronos committee seems to appreciate the driver because in newer OpenGL the better compression method is patent-free from ground up.
So I project, to answer your question the full support of every single feature will land in 5-6 years, without crossfire in 4 years, its faster if you help by donating, reporting and debugging, but its usable already.


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Once a new member has reached 30 posts, their account will be promoted to Full Member. At that point, they will have full access to the PM system and other member's profiles.
Unfortunately, this will have a minor impact on our current membership. However, the fix is very simple. You may have noticed that at this time, everyone is listed in the New Member group. If you already have 30 posts or more, it will only take 1 post to move you to the Full Member group and for access to the PM system and profiles to be restored.
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This was published 7 years ago
Viral videos leave deaf out of the loop, say advocates
VIRAL videos may be good for sharing ideas and spreading funny foreign pop hits, but they are also leaving millions of deaf and hearing impaired people out of the loop.
Online video is becoming a more ubiquitous part of American life. Netflix videos made up one-third of online data used in the United States last year. YouTube expects 90 per cent of online traffic to be video in the next few years. By 2016, Cisco estimates, 1.2 million minutes of video will be streamed or downloaded every second.
That video explosion has been great for small-film and TV producers, who are able to reach an audience without a big studio budget, and fans of niche programming. But in some ways, it has left the deaf and hard-of-hearing community starting from scratch after years of advocating for captions on traditional television.
"We could be back to square one," said Christian Vogler, director of the Technology Access Program at Gallaudet University.
The rise of emails, instant messages and social media was a godsend to the deaf and hard-of-hearing community, who embraced the new, text-based ways to communicate.
"In the mid-to-late 1990s, it was close to the ideal medium," Vogler said. But as the web evolved to include more video, he said, old barriers to communication resurfaced.
Broadcasters and video services must provide online captions for sitcoms and dramas that first air on television under 2010 regulations adopted by the Federal Communications Commission. But there are no such requirements for content made exclusively for the web.
Some companies have launched their own efforts. Netflix, after settling with the National Association of the Deaf, has committed to captioning all of its content by 2014. But that's a small portion of the online videos that drive the pop-culture conversation, including user-submitted videos on sites such as Google's YouTube.
"The video that people watch and talk about around the water cooler is less often, 'Did you see the news report?"' said Blake Reid, a lawyer who has worked with advocacy groups for the deaf and hard of hearing. "It's, 'Did you see that video going around on YouTube, that viral video?"'
The line between online video and television is becoming more arbitrary, advocates said, and federal regulations should reflect this shift.
"By and large, they are separate worlds at this point," Reid said. But that separation is disappearing, he added. "That's one of our next fronts to look at, but we're not there yet."
To tackle the problem, YouTube offers automatic captioning in English, Spanish, Japanese and Korean on many of its videos. And the company announced Wednesday that it is extending the number of auto-caption languages, adding support for German, Italian, French, Portuguese, Russian and Dutch.
It's not an ideal solution. Speech-recognition software is far from perfect. Still, the company hopes that providing the captions will get more people focused on the issue.
"When people ask me what are the biggest challenges for accessibility on the web, I like to tell them that there are no technical challenges. It's not rocket science – for me anyway. The real challenge is awareness," said Ken Harrenstien, a deaf Google engineer who has led the effort to get captions on YouTube videos.
YouTube users can also upload transcripts to accompany their videos. That makes the captioning process easier, clearing one of the hurdles to the effort, Harrenstien said.
"Auto-captions aren't great but are better than nothing," he said. "The real value is in helping people create real captions from them."
Advocates for the deaf and hard of hearing call YouTube's efforts a good first step but say the technology has a long way to go.
"It doesn't replace quality captioning by itself," said James House, public relations director for Telecommunications for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing.
Last month, clips of an animated sign-language interpreter at New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg's news conference on hurricane Sandy went viral, pulling the issue of communicating disaster information to the deaf and hard-of-hearing community into the spotlight.
Clips of that news conference had no captions – leaving those who don't sign in the dark about the emergency information. In at least one clip that was widely circulated, interpreters were cropped out of frame.
"In cases of emergencies, it [is] vital that we have all the information available to us," House said. "Access to information has been labelled as a civil right or even a basic human right."
For now, advocates continue to work with industry providers such as Netflix and Hulu to provide captioning on all platforms. Over the next year, the captioning requirements applied to sitcoms and other prerecorded shows will also apply to live and near-live programs, including the nightly news and broadcast shows edited for the internet. By March 2016, broadcasters will have to put captions on archival programming.
Advocates say that although Google, Apple and other companies have taken it upon themselves to get ahead of the captioning curve, more regulation is necessary to get captions on the majority of videos.
"Voluntary efforts can come and go," House said.
The Washington Post


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text:
The Massillon man who shot at police will be sentenced Monday in Stark County Common Pleas Court. Steven P. Bubenchik, 40, was found guilty Wednesday of five repeat violent offender specifications.
The man convicted of shooting at Massillon police will be sentenced Monday.
Steven P. Bubenchik, 40, was found guilty last week by a Stark County Common Pleas jury of five of seven charges, including one count of attempted murder and three counts of felonious assault, first-degree felonies, for shooting at officers who came to his southwest Massillon home on Aug. 9.
Each of those charges carry a potential prison term of three to 11 years. Added together, Bubenchik faces decades in prison when he appears Monday in front of Judge Taryn Heath.
Bubenchik was acquitted of two attempted murder charges related to the shooting. The defense contended Bubenchik did not know police had entered his home. Police had been called by his estranged wife, who was concerned Bubenchik was suicidal.
On Wednesday, Heath found Bubenchik guilty of five repeat violent offender specifications tied to the case. He had prior convictions for aggravated burglary, felonious assault, carrying concealed weapons and escape.
The specifications could add prison time.
Bubenchik also faces two rape charges involving children. That case is scheduled for a pretrial Monday, also in Heath's court.


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Joined: 07 Dec 2008
Posts: 927
Posted: Mon 11 Jun 2012, 15:48
Post subject:
pUPnGO 2012
This is pUPnGO 2012:
Update 20130106:
New build with bugfix for cryptosave.
Update 20120616:
New build with bugfix for save2CD/DVD, all firmware drivers in zdrv, full wirelesstools-package, dhcpcd added.
* not as small as he could be
* not quite in the spirit of the
ordinary pUPnGO project
* more meant as a catch up with a lot of the stuff dealt with in the pUPnGO-thread
* shipped as a desktop puplet - lots of GUI stuff
* kind of backup of most things I have been working on the last year
Download updated version pUPnGO 2012
Third image uploaded 060113 - fix of failing cryptosave (newer losetup version in initrd)
Whats new:
No drivers in initrd - all build in kernel
Boots directly to desktop
Needs ram...boots to GUI in 20Mb but not much you can do then...seems to work OK with 36Mb for normal use.
Some settings applied to avoid freeze if ram is too low.
Filled with gtk1 applications.
And most stuff is there for everyday usage.
Total size 33Mb.
And definitely some bugs and fat that could be moved - some use of the mcb-tech has been used but I kept most applications as standalone bins to make re-master easier.
Everything is statically linked so no shared libs present/needed.
Have fun!
thttpd webserver incl. cgi-upload
bftfpd ftp-server
the wireless basic stuff
the squasfh basic stuff
all the cd/dvd/isobuning/creating stuff
all the iptables stuff
syslinux & grub
minimp3 & mpg123 & wavplay/wavrecord
Xvesa only
the ace-of-penguins full card games collection
xpacman game
calctool calculator
conky system monitor
pupslock screen locker + screen saver
xsnap screen capture
asmplan project-manager
aumix audiomixer
beaver text editor
mtpaint image tool
danpei image viewer
dillo web browser
gdmap graphical file usage
gftp ftp client
gtkdialog1 & Xdialog GUI-builders
gtkdiff graphical file diff tool
gtkdiskfree partition usage tool
gtkfontsel view installed fonts
gtkman - man page viewer
rdesktop (view shared windows desktop)
guitar compression tools
gwget front end for wget
sylpheed mail client
vncviewer (view shared linux desktop)
x11vnc (share your desktop)
xchat IRC-client
xhippo mp3-player
8122 Time(s)
Last edited by goingnuts on Sun 06 Jan 2013, 06:48; edited 9 times in total
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Location: Valåmoen, Norway
Posted: Mon 11 Jun 2012, 15:58
Post subject:
Stardust resources
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Posts: 5056
Location: Everybody knows this is nowhere...
Posted: Mon 11 Jun 2012, 16:05
Post subject:
Wow, this is really cool. I'm glad to see you go in this direction! Every Puppy needs an everyday-practical side, which pUPnGO didn't entirely have until now... while I understand that there's a distinct size advantage to the regular stuff, I couldn't figure out for the life of me what to DO with it other than marvel at it's size.
I'm downloading it now. Er... does it have Xorg at all, or is it still Xvesa-only? Just asking so I know which system to test it on
Also, I really hope that it does wireless, although I'm getting the impression that it doesn't.
One other (small) thing... would be good to have a list of applications up, so we can see what's in it without downloading first.
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Joined: 15 Dec 2009
Posts: 2955
Location: USA
Posted: Mon 11 Jun 2012, 21:55
Post subject: Re: pUPnGO 2012
goingnuts wrote:
This is pUPnGO 2012:
Needs ram...boots to GUI in 20Mb but not much you can do then...seems to work OK with 36Mb for normal use.
Now you've got me interested.
I've got some really (I mean really, really) old laptops, with low memory I want to set up (and then give away).
I'm going to see if this will serve...
Add swapfile
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Joined: 18 May 2008
Posts: 4878
Location: Blue Springs, MO
Posted: Mon 11 Jun 2012, 23:55
Post subject:
I just posted a gtk1 patch for mplayer in the other thread (my musl toolchain is missing a couple of symbols or I would post it) ... What do you think a good bare configuration whould be - enough to play youtube videos and dvds? (basically, does anyone want image outputs, obscure codecs or some other thing to support a P-app they are working on in gtkdialog1?)... btw there is an X11 output type without menu controls which might be a candidate for selecting 1 codec for a set of static binaries that each play 1 format (then they could just get the MIME-Type name and go in the rox directory - just an idea to save a few MB of ram on the barebones boxes)
Check out my
github repositories
. I may eventually get around to updating my
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Joined: 07 Dec 2008
Posts: 927
Posted: Tue 12 Jun 2012, 01:10
Post subject:
starhawk: Its pure xvesa - and the basic for wireless is there but not a lot more.
RetroTechGuy: You might be disappointed on very old hardware as the kernel might be too new. I would not expect it too work (boot) on old pentium but amdK6 should be OK.
technosaurus: avi, mpg, dvd would be nice. If youtube is an option that might be ok too - I don't know if dillo or links are able to handle/navigate a youtube page in the first place?
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Joined: 25 May 2010
Posts: 553
Location: State of Jefferson
Posted: Tue 12 Jun 2012, 02:06
Post subject:
technosaurus wrote:
I just posted a gtk1 patch for mplayer in the other thread (my musl toolchain is missing a couple of symbols or I would post it) ... What do you think a good bare configuration whould be - enough to play youtube videos and dvds?
technosaurus: feel free to bother me about the musl stuff.
FWIW, I know some DOS users can get youtube videos and play with mplayer, so dillo should be able to handle retrieving them.
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Posts: 5056
Location: Everybody knows this is nowhere...
Posted: Tue 12 Jun 2012, 12:09
Post subject:
@goingnuts: No offense, but I think you had a small moment of confusion in there somewhere.
AMD K6, K6-2, and K6-III are all AMDs version of the original Pentium, with certain tweaks that let them compete against Pentium II and (a few early) Pentium III CPUs. They all are Socket 7 chips as well, just like the original Pentiums. It wasn't until the Athlon line came out (the first of which were really K7's) that AMD went head-to-head with the Pentium II and III directly -- the earliest Athlon CPUs were on cards like the P-II and earliest P-III CPUs, and they used the same slot connector (with a different and incompatible pinout, of course!), called Slot A by AMD and Slot 1 by Intel.
BTW, are you saying that there's a wireless connection wizard, but few or no drivers...? That's... interesting.
What kernel did you use? The one from Puppy 412, like with the "regular" versions of pUPnGO?
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Posts: 927
Posted: Tue 12 Jun 2012, 12:38
Post subject:
Posting from dillo in pUPnGO 2012 testing usb (sdd) install...
I meant pentium I (I think). Pentium II should be OK...
Yes my homebrewed wifimanager is present - which at some time in the past got me connected via wireless...
We got wpa_cli, wpa_supplicant, wpa_passphrase and iwconfig at hands to play with...but no firmware drivers.
Kernel is a modified P412 kernel (with all drivers normally inside initrd build in) 126.96.36.199 that is...
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Joined: 15 Dec 2009
Posts: 2955
Location: USA
Posted: Tue 12 Jun 2012, 12:45
Post subject:
goingnuts wrote:
Posting from dillo in pUPnGO 2012 testing usb (sdd) install...
I meant pentium I (I think). Pentium II should be OK...
Well, I think that they are P-I class. I did get some unexpected versions to boot on at least one of them, but they generally eat way too much memory.
(I don't think that I have any 486 class left...unless I kept one for the "museum"
Add swapfile
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Posts: 5056
Location: Everybody knows this is nowhere...
Posted: Tue 12 Jun 2012, 12:55
Post subject:
goingnuts, can you compile/make a *.pet that has those wifi drivers? I'm afraid that there is no way for me to connect to the Internet in my house, other than via wireless, and so something that doesn't have those drivers is a little... limiting.
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Posts: 927
Posted: Tue 12 Jun 2012, 13:53
Post subject:
starhawk wrote:
goingnuts, can you compile/make a *.pet that has those wifi drivers? I'm afraid that there is no way for me to connect to the Internet in my house, other than via wireless, and so something that doesn't have those drivers is a little... limiting.
here it is
Its only all the firmware stuff - the original linux wifi-drivers are all present in pUPnGo 2012.
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Posted: Tue 12 Jun 2012, 14:52
Post subject:
OK, I'm confused. I think we're using different definitions here.
What I mean by "drivers" is "the modules that are loaded by modprobe (or the connection wizard) to enable use of wireless cards/adapters". Firmware, to me, is programming resident on a silicon chip, usually of the microcontroller type (although I can see ROMs having firmware on them *for* a microcontroller, external to that microcontroller... gets complicated at that point, though).
Given what is already in pUPnGO 2012, do I need to *add* anything (I assume, in the form of *.pet's or *.sfs's) in order to make a given wireless card work? If so, what, and where do I find it (roughly)?
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Posts: 927
Posted: Tue 12 Jun 2012, 15:07
Post subject:
Well...Try download above. The content is what is in /lib/firmware and /lib/modules/all-firmware
I thought that those firmware was a mixture of modules and additional applications for specific hardware.
If I plugin my usb z1211-usb wireless adaptor the firmware z1211 packet gets unpacket and the driver zd1211rw gets loaded (lsmod shows that).
After that I try to run the Wifi-manager - I can then view my wireless net-id - but I did not managed to connect (=buggy my wireless script).
So if you need the firmware drivers et all depends on your hardware I think. Gettin wireless working in a normal Puppy can also be a pita.
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Joined: 20 Jul 2006
Posts: 176
Location: Above sea level .. about 320m
Posted: Tue 12 Jun 2012, 17:59
Post subject: can not find pup-412.sfs
I am trying to run pUPnGo 2012 from a USB flash drive using grub4dos as the loader. There are several pups on partitions. This one is on a fat32 (not the .ext2 with the grub4dos files). It starts to load .... stops at "looking for puppy files on drives" then exits with "can not locate pup-412.sfs". Tried renaming pup-412pupngo.sfs to match .. no joy. All the files from the iso are in the same location and this is my menu.lst for this partition (has worked great with other pups):
title pUPnGo2012
find --set-root --ignore-floppies /pup_412pupngo.sfs
kernel /vmlinuz pmedia=usbflash pfix=fsck
initrd /initrd.gz
Any guidance would be appreciated .... Thanks, KJ
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SPRINGFIELD -- The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library became the stage for a mock spelling bee Thursday, when Lt. Gov. Pat Quinn honored Illinois' regional champions who participated in the Scripps National Spelling Bee May 30-31.
By LAURA CAMPER
SPRINGFIELD -- The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library became the stage for a mock spelling bee Thursday, when Lt. Gov. Pat Quinn honored Illinois' regional champions who participated in the Scripps National Spelling Bee May 30-31.
Asking the young students to spell words such as whistleblower, gridlock and mudslinging — words he said were relevant to Illinois politics — Quinn presented them with a certificate and his congratulations for their hard work. He said the students deserved recognition for their efforts in the national bee in Washington, D.C., "the toughest spelling competition on planet earth."
"Doing (the ceremony) here at the Lincoln Library, I think, is important because Lincoln, of all the American presidents, probably was the best writer and had a great facility with words," Quinn said.
Nine students and their families gathered in the Lincoln Reception Room for the ceremony, including Drew Kluemke from Sherman, Kyle Mou from Peoria and Christian Wilks from Freeport.
Kluemke, 13, attended the spelling bee but was eliminated in the preliminary stage by a multiple-choice test. He said he entered the Regional Spelling Bee sponsored by The State Journal-Register hoping to visit Washington. The family did see some of the sights while they were there.
"We saw all the monuments," he said. "And we went to some of the Smithsonian museums."
Mark Kluemke, who accompanied his son to Washington, said the trip was a great experience.
"It gave us a chance to see him perform ... at a difficult level that a lot of adults couldn't do," Kluemke's father said. "We're very, very proud of him."
But above all, Drew Kluemke said, the experience was fun because "spelling's fun for me."
After receiving his certificate, Mou approached the podium to spell his word for Quinn. Barely reaching the microphone, he faltered on "initiative" but correctly spelled "governor."
Eleven-year-old Mou attended the national spelling bee for the first time this year, he said. He was knocked out in the fourth round, number 60 of 286 spellers. His father, Libin, said the entire family went to watch him in the bee.
"I think it's a good experience for him," Libin said.
Wilks, 10, said he entered the spelling bee because he likes to spell and he's good at it. He went as far as the district spelling bee last year, but this year he made it all the way to round two in Washington.
"It was pretty exciting," he said, adding that he plans to try again next year.
Quinn also presented Jacksonville resident CayliJo Bateman, this year's Illinois Finger Spelling Bee winner, with a certificate.
"I just wanted to give it a try to see if I could memorize the words," the 13-year-old Bateman said, adding that she studied all week for the bee, which was held at University of Illinois at Springfield.
"She drove me crazy," Bateman's mother, Sarah Johnson, said with a laugh, explaining that her daughter would start studying when she woke up and wouldn't stop until she went to bed.
Mary Beth Lauderdale, superintendent of Illinois School for the Deaf, which Bateman attends, said the students have participated in the Finger Spelling Bee, which is conducted in American Sign Language, since it started 10 years ago.
The process of learning to spell is different for deaf students, Lauderdale said.
"When you learn to read and write English, you learn usually phonetically, and they don't have that capability," she said. "It's more memorization and visual learning."
Other Illinois participants in the national spelling bee were: William Erwin of Decatur, Kiara Jones of Chicago, Ryan Jordan of Flat Rock, Melinda Matthews of Clinton, Christopher Shelor of Quincy, Alex Benjamin of Bourbonnais, Zina Ellis of Moline, Katie Medema or Prophetstown, Rose Sloan of Chicago, Katelyn Renee Voss of Leaf River and Emily Wick of Rockford. Not all attended the ceremony.
Laura Camper can be reached at (217) 782-6882 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Wreck Section // DK// Damn Kids // 1998
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Test Bank for Social Psychology, Fourth Edition
Test Bank for Social Psychology, Fourth Edition
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And, as always, Judi has a very generous giveaway. Today she is giving away this Moda fat quarter bundle, for the upcoming collection, Nature's Bounty by Blackbird Designs.
To enter to win, visit Green Fairy Quilts and sign-up for their newsletter (click on the SUBSCRIBE button on the left hand side) and leave a comment on this post telling me that you've done so. This is a great way to be notified of all their amazing future sales and specials.
Giveaway open until Saturday, September 14 at midnight MST. Thanks Judi! GIVEAWAY CLOSED.
Winner: Terri said…


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Want to know who won the 1980 100m Mens final ?
Get detailed results for any event at any Games since 1896.
Want to know who won the 1980 100m Mens final ?
Get detailed results for any event at any Games since 1896.
Canada defeated Sweden 3-0 to win gold at the Bolshoi Ice Dome and notch a record ninth Olympic title. They also became the first team to secure back-to-back titles since 2002. The final place on the ...
There was plenty of joy for the hosts at the Sanki Sliding Centre, as Alexander Zubkov piloted the Russian two-man and four-man crews to gold in the men's events, while in the women's two-man, Canada'...
Maria Höfl-Riesch opened the women's Alpine programme with an impressive defence of her super combined title, before Tina Maze and Dominique Gisin shared an Alpine gold for the first time in history i...
Action everywhere, from the Black Sea coast to the Krasnaya Polyana mountains. Superb competition venues for spectacular events, historic performances and numerous records – the XXII Olympic Winter Games kept all their promises. Here are the most memorable athlete exploits that took place in Sochi between 6 and 23 February 2014:
At 10.55 p.m. on Friday 7 February 2014, Russian three-time Olympic champions Irina Rodnina (pairs figure skating) and Vladislav Tretiak (ice hockey) lit the Olympic cauldron.
Norwegian biathlete Ole Einar Bjørndalen, winner of the sprint 10km and the new Olympic event, mixed relay, brought his medal count to 13, after starting at the Nagano Games in 1998 (8 gold, 4 silver and 1 bronze). He thus overtook his compatriot, Bjørn Daehlie, to become the Olympic Winter Games athlete with the most medals.
Norwegian cross-country skier Marit Bjørgen won three more gold medals in Sochi (skiathlon, team sprint and 30km freestyle), making a total of six since her first title in Vancouver in 2010, as well as a total of 10 medals won since the Games in Salt Lake City in 2002, becoming one of the Olympic Winter Games female athlete with the most medals (with Smetanina and Belmondo).
In Alpine skiing, gold medals were won by the youngest-ever Olympic champion in the history of the discipline, American Mikaela Shiffrin, 18 years and 345 days old, and the oldest, Austria's Mario Matt, aged 34 and 10 months. American Bode Miller, third in the Super-G at the age of 36 years and 127 days, became the oldest-ever medallist in his discipline.
Japan's Ayumu Hirano, 15 years and 73 days old, became the youngest ever medallist on the snow in the history of the Games, when he won the silver medal in the snowboard half-pipe competition.
Russian luger Albert Demchenko and Japanese ski jumping champion Noriaki Kasai, both in their forties, were competing in their seventh edition of the Games, both winning two medals in Sochi. Kasai also equalled the record for the longest interval between two (silver) medals: 20 years!
Like Marit Bjørgen, Belarusian biathlete Darya Domracheva and Russian short-track speed skater Victor An won three gold medals at the XXII Olympic Winter Games. But the athlete who won the most medals at these Games was Ireen Wüst, with five speed skating medals (two gold, three silver)!
Ireen Wüst was a member of the Netherlands speed skating team which won 23 medals, achieved four top-three clean sweeps and was present on every one of the 12 podiums, men's and women's alike. A unique domination of one discipline at the Games.
For the first time in figure skating, the 100-point barrier was broken in a short programme, by Japan's Yuzuru Hanyu (101.45), who went on to win the gold medal.
Bronze medallist in 1994, silver in 1998, gold in 2002 and 2006 and bronze in 2010 and 2014, Italian luger Armin Zöggeler became the first athlete to win six consecutive medals in six editions of the Winter Games.
The first winners of the 12 new Olympic events were:
Russia (team figure skating), Germany (luge relay), Norway (biathlon mixed relay), Germany's Carina Voigt (women's ski jumping), Canadian Dara Howell and American Joss Christensen (ski slopestyle), Americans Maddie Bowman and David Wise (ski half-pipe), Jamie Anderson and Sage Kotsenburg (snowboard slopestyle), Austrian's Julia Dujmovits and Russian Vic Wild (snowboard parallel slalom).
The 2014 Olympic Winter Games were the first time that the Russian Federation hosts the Winter Games; the Soviet Union hosted the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow. The host city Sochi has a population of 400,000 people and is situated in Krasnodar, which is the third largest region in Russia.
The Games were organised in two clusters: a coastal cluster for ice events in Sochi, and a mountain cluster located in the Krasnaya Polyana Mountains. This made it one of the most compact Games ever, with around 30 minutes travel time from the coastal to mountain cluster.The Sochi Olympic Park was built along the Black Sea coast in the Imeretinskaya Valley, where all the ice venues such as the Bolshoi Ice Palace, the Maly Ice Palace, the Olympic Oval, the Sochi Olympic Skating Centre, the Olympic Curling Centre, the Central Stadium, the Main Olympic Village and the International Broadcast Centre and Main Press Centre, had been built anew for the 2014 Games. The Park ensured a very compact concept with an average distance of 6km between the Olympic Village and the other coastal venues.
The mountain cluster in Krasnaya Polyana was home to all the skiing and sliding sports. The mountain concept was again a very compact one with only an average distance of 4km between the mountain sub-village and the venues. There was also a sub-media centre in the mountain cluster.
• 88 National Olympic Committees + 1 independant Olympic Participant participated in the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi, a new record.
• Six countries participated for the first time in the Olympic Winter Games – Malta, Paraguay, Timor Leste, Togo, Tonga and Zimbabwe.
• A record number of over 2,800 athletes were entered, more than 40 per cent of whom were women.
• Twelve new events were contested: team figure skating, luge relay, biathlon mixed relay, women's ski jumping, snowboard and ski slopestyle (men and women), ski half-pipe (men and women) and snowboard parallel slalom (men and women).
• Ninety-eight titles in 15 disciplines were awarded in Sochi.
• Medals were won by athletes from 26 National Olympic Committees.
• More than 2,500 doping tests were performed, in the largest detection campaign in the history of the Olympic Winter Games.
• More than 1.1 million tickets were sold.
• For a record 102,000 hours of broadcasting on all platforms (television and digital), the potential number of viewers during the Games was 4.1 billion.
• There was more social media activity than ever, with more than 2.2 million new followers on all platforms, and a total 7.7 million Facebook fans.
The Election of Sochi
Sochi was elected on 4 July 2007 by the members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) at the 119th Session in Guatemala City.
Seven cities, namely Sochi (Russian Federation), Salzburg (Austria), Jaca (Spain), Almaty (Kazakhstan), PyeongChang (Republic of Korea), Sofia (Bulgaria) and Borjomi (Georgia) - in the order of drawing of lots - initially submitted applications to host the 2014 Olympic Winter Games.
Based on the report by a working group, three of the seven cities were unanimously selected by the IOC's Executive Board as Candidate Cities at its meeting on 22 June 2006: - Sochi (Russian Federation) - Salzburg (Austria) - PyeongChang (Republic of Korea) The final decision on the host city for the XXII Olympic Winter Games was made by the full IOC membership during the 119th IOC Session in Guatemala City on 4 July 2007. Sochi was elected in the second round with 51 votes, compared to PyeongChang's 47.
119th IOC Session, 4 July 2007, Guatemala City:Election of the Host City of the XXII Olympic Winter Games
The notions of simplicity and modernity are at the root of the design of the official emblem for the Games in Sochi. For the first time, there was no image or drawn elements but rather a typographical exercise, featuring the novel inclusion of the internet address on the first line of text. Below, the figure 2014 next to the Olympic rings vertically mirrors the letters of the word Sochi.
"To prove our commitment to innovation, the Sochi 2014 emblem is clearly digital", explained Dmitry Chernyshenko, President of the Organising Committee for the XXII Olympic Winter Games. "Today we welcome tomorrow. Our emblem challenges people to look beyond what they expect from our country. We believe sochi2014.ru can become an international symbol of a sporting, social, economic and environmental legacy that lasts for generations."
On Saturday 26 February 2011, more than a million Russians participated in a live television broadcast, during which a vote was held to choose the mascots for the Sochi Games. The leopard got the most votes, followed by the polar bear and the hare; and these three animals from the Great North and the mountainous regions of Russia would become the mascots of the XXII Olympic Winter Games.
During the Games, tens of thousands of spectators were able to see the mascots, « Белый мишка » (Bieliy Michka, the polar bear), « Леопард » (Leopard, the leopard) and « Зайка » (Zaïka, the hare), but the most spectacular moment was doubtless when they appeared in giant format in the Fisht Stadium during the Closing Ceremony. They gathered in front of a cauldron where the Olympic flame was burning, and the polar bear proceeded to blow out the flame, while, simultaneously, the flame burning outside the Stadium was extinguished. The polar bear then shed a tear in a nod to the Closing Ceremony of Moscow 1980, where the mascot Michka also cried at the end of those Games.
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The medals of the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi symbolise the mosaic of national designs from the various cultures and ethnicities that make up the Russian Federation. In them, we see the Sochi landscape bathed in the sun's rays, which shine through the snowy summits onto the sandy beaches of the Black Sea. The work of a master craftsman, mixing metal and polycarbonate, the medals blend lightness and beauty, which makes them even more special for the "lucky few" who won them.
These medals have several peculiarities. For example, the Olympic rings are reproduced on the obverse, while the name of the event in English and the emblem of the Sochi Games are engraved on the reverse. Finally the official title of the Games "XXII OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES"
is written in Russian, English and French on the edge. The Olympic medals weigh between 460 and 531 grams depending on which metal is used – gold, silver or bronze. They measure 100mm in diameter and are 10mm thick. Some 1,300 medals were produced for the 2014 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in Sochi.
The official poster captures the essence of the Games in Sochi. The Caucasian Mountains soar majestically above the Black Sea, symbolising the two competition clusters, one on the coast in Sochi, even for the ice events, and the other in the Krasnaya Polyana valley, for the snow, bobsleigh, luge and skeleton events. The emblem of the XXII Olympic Winter Games occupies the whole of the centre, with its unusual feature: the presence of the internet address, a symbol of modernity, innovation and dynamism. At the top is the slogan, "Hot. Cool. Yours." "Hot", for the intensity of the sporting competition, the passion of the spectators and the location of these Games, in southern Russia. "Cool" is a reference to the Winter Games and the traditional image of Russia as having a cold climate. The last word, "Yours", shows that the Games belong to the athletes and the public, and that everyone can get involved in making them a success.


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Salvatore Zofrea
(Australia 24 Sep 1946 – )
Sunflowers, homage to van Gogh, from the suite Appassionata
- Location
- Not on display
- Further information
The Appassionata series is the most detailed account of the principal experiences in the life of Salvatore Zofrea, focusing on his birth and early life in Borgia, Southern Italy, his migration to Australia, his travels, maturation as an artist, family, personal relationships and friends.
Zofrea is one of the finest exponents of woodcut in Australia. His work as a painter and printmaker is inextricably linked - his woodcut prints have been influenced by his work as a painter especially in the richness of their texture, composition and ambition, as has his painting by his activity as a printmaker - his paintings have become simpler in expression and design since he has been making woodcuts.
The series is in an edition of 14 with 6 artist's proofs, four of which are on Japanese paper textured by the wooden boards on which the paper is dried after couching.
Australian Art Department, Art Gallery of New South Wales, 2002
- Year
- 1994-1999
- Media
- Medium
- woodblock print; black ink on heavy white Japanese Hitachi paper
- Dimensions
- 45.0 x 59.5 cm blockmark; 84.0 x 63.6 cm sheet
- Signature & date
Signed beneath the printed image l.r. corner, pencil "Zofrea". Not dated.
- Credit
- Gift of the artist 2002
- Accession number
- 182.2002.6
- Copyright
- © Salvatore Zofrea. Licensed by Copyright Agency