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[9 Posts]
Joined: 11 Oct 2009
Posts: 13981
Location: S.C. USA
Posted: Sun 26 Sep 2010, 17:03
Post subject:
Various ways to install Puppy Linux
Thanks to
With the now common use of bootable USB flash drives.
Doing any of this from a CD/DVD install could also be done from a USB flash drive install.
You would need to initially get Puppy on the USB flash drive.
Most people have good luck using a program like Unetbootin, (but there are others) running in some other operating system.
(This would be a live install on the USB drive)
Follow the directions for using an iso file you have already downloaded.
Installing Puppy Linux
Live Method
Many people who like to experiment simply use the live cd/dvd method. This is simply burning the ISO image to a CD or DVD then booting from that media. Once you have everything setup the way you want such as your network, icons, browers etc,
when you shutdown
, you are given the option to save your settings. Make a save file, either to your hard drive, flash drive, USB hard drive, or actually write it to the CD/DVD.
The CD/DVD must be multisession
. Keep in mind that this save file will hold anything new you install to Puppy Linux and it needs to be made with some size to it. Think of it taking the place of the hard drive. On shutdown, the save file will be auto updated to any changes. Don't worry, if this sounds confusing, there are plenty of prompts to help you along the way. Next time you boot from the CD, puppy will find the save file.
Guide how to make a Live CD/DVD
Use Puppy Universal Installer to do a Frugal or Full install
Frugal Method
This is the best way to install Puppy.
Some features only work with frugal installs.
a frugal install just copies the files on the CD to the hard drive ... a boot loader program can boot Puppy from those files exactly the same as if you boot from the CD.
so, a frugal install is a complete install. The 3 or 4 files on the CD are copied to the hard drive and they are booted from the hard drive, exactly the same way they would have been booted from the CD.
It is still best to boot from the CD, then use
Puppy Universal Installer
(PUI) to install puppy to your Hard Disk Drive (HDD). Choose frugal install. It can be installed on a FAT32, NTFS and various Linux partitions. In other words, it's easy to install along side Windows on the same partition if you like.
It can also be installed to any storage device. Hard drive, flash drive, usb drive, any bootable drive. Any format. Fat16, Fat32, Ntfs, ext2, ext3, etc..
Just a note on the side about hard drive partitions. Windows use of the NTFS format for partitions, Microsoft keeps the format a secret, like every other format and protocol -- which is the main reason Microsoft keeps its monopoly. Therefore, Linux support of NTFS is not perfect.
The PUI will place three files in a directory of your choosing, something like /puppy511.
To be able to boot the frugal install, a boot loader will need to be installed, with info about the frugal install. The Puppy Universal Installer will guide you on this.
The newer Puppies give you the option of boot loaders. Grub or Grub4dos. Usually found in menu->system.
I like to get Puppy installed and then use Grub4dos Bootloader config to set up the boot loader. Grub4dos is very good at doing a auto setup of the boot loader.
Dual Boot Frugal Install With Windows
If you install to Fat or NTFS partition alongside Windows, you will need a boot loader installed.
If your version of Puppy comes with Grub4dos boot loader, I would use that. It is installed and configured by running Grub4dos Bootloader config in menu->system.
Frugal Install Save File
Lets assume you have puppy 5.1.1 booted and running as a frugal install. The first time you either reboot or shutdown, puppy will ask you to save the puppy save file. Select yes. It will also ask you where you would like to save it. I always save it in the same directory as the other three files previousy mentioned in /puppy511. Now you have four files in the directory and this is all you need. Of course, there are many other files squashed within some of these files, but you don't need to worry about them as they will take care of themselves.
After the computer has saved the save file and shut down, you can start it up again. This time, if you have the bootloader configured correctly, it should start puppy. Just remember, all of your settings and additional software that you add, will be stored within the save file, by default, so it can become quite large if not managed. I suggest you keep all of your documents and photos etc. in another location.
Save File Management
In live CD and Frugal install the save file is used to take the place of the hard drive for storage. You set a size for this file and it can be filled quickly. A 500MB or larger size is good, but not if you install or download a lot of stuff. It's size can be changed using the "
Resize personal storage file
" program. However, you can store outside the save file, by choosing another location to save.
you can save all kinds of things at
Placed there, files don't fill up the pupsave and you can keep the pupsave file small.
Have many many hundreds of Gigabytes of files on the Internal hdd and you can also save on external HDD or flash drive too.
Alternate Save Options for Frugal Install
drive must be Linux format.
When Puppy is installed to a
USB drive
you have the choice of saving the session to either a file or to the entire partition.
Of course, saving session to a file has it's advantages, such as you can have lots of them and they are easy to backup.
Saving to the entire USB drive is a kind of quasi-full-Linux-installation. You are using the entire partition to save your session, so you have available all the free space of that partition.
Save folder
Any type drive:
The partition
must be a Linux format
In newer versions of Puppy there is now an option to save to a folder(directory).
It has the advantage of acting like a folder(directory) and dynamically growing in size as you add stuff.
It can use whatever free space is available on the drive partition.
USB Flash Drive
install to a USB Flash drive and use it for booting. This will be a frugal install of Puppy. You can then tell Puppy at shutdown to save to the same USB drive. The USB flash drive can be any format. Fat 16 or 32, Linux ext2, ext3, ext4.
Some computers may require fat 16 or 32 format to make it boot.
Use the Puppy
Universal Installer
to install Puppy to the drive.
If your computer can boot from USB, it will act like a normal boot disk.
If not, a boot loader will need to be installed and setup, with an entry for the USB flash drive.
In Lucid Puppy 5.2.5
Do not use the Bootflash program
Need to install Lucid Puppy 5.2.5 instant update 001 for Bootflash to work.
Good tutorial for USB Flash Drive install of Puppy Linux
Caution Upgrade of Save File
There are fundamental problems with upgrading a save-file, such as it breaks things.
It is the way that the /etc/rc.d/rc.update script works. If you install an upgrade PET for a
Puppy Linux core program
, when the save-file is upgraded to a newer version of Puppy Linux, many of the files get reverted to the "official" ones -- result, that program may not work.
Had previously upgraded to the latest "Adobe Flash Player", upgraded the save file to a newer version of Puppy Linux, and "Adobe Flash Player" also got reverted to the "official" one.
These are not new problems, they have been there since Puppy started.
Upgrading is limited. Puppy Linux develops in versions like version 1, 2, 3, etc... You can upgrade within a version, but not between versions. It would be okay going from 4.0 to 4.3 for example, but
not from 4.3 to the 5.0 and newer versions.
Upgrading Frugal install
This can be done several ways
The basic principle is to use the old save file with the new Puppy version frugal install.
Using Universal installer
Boot with a Live CD of the new version of Puppy.
Use boot option puppy pfix=ram
Make a copy of the old save file.
perform a frugal install of the new version of Puppy.
Copy the old save file into the location of the new frugal install.
Run the boot manager config program to make boot menu entries for the new install.
Remove CD.
Reboot computer.
Because you where running from CD it will ask if you want to make a save file.
Answer no.
Boot with the new frugal install and it will update the old save file.
Using the settings and programs that are in the save file.
Manual way
Ok, here comes the good bit. Lets assume puppy 5.1.2 is released and you want to try it.
Create another directory called /puppy512.
Copy the 3 or 4 new files off the new ISO you have downloaded and place them in the directory /puppy512.
Copy the save file from /puppy511 to /puppy512.
Make the appropriate edits in the GRUB menu.lst file and reboot.
Select the new puppy 5.1.2.
It will load and convert your old save file to the new puppy. All of your settings and installed software will be available in the new distribution. The whole process will take between 1 - 5 minutes.
(Names used are for example only)
Upgrade Puppy 5.0 to Puppy 5.2.5
Download the Puppy 5.2.5.iso file
In Rox-filer (file manager)
Make a new directory like /Puppy525
Left click on Puppy 5.2.5.iso file to open it.
Copy these 3 files to /Puppy525 directory.
Copy the Puppy 5.0 Puppysave.Xfs file (Your old save file) and place in the /Puppy525 directory.
There are now 4 files in the new /Puppy525 directory.
Run the boot loader configuration program for the boot loader you are using to make a boot option for the new Puppy 5.2.5
At boot menu select your upgraded Puppy.
When Puppy 5.2.5 boots it will use and update the save file and programs.
When Puppy 5.2.5 seems to be working OK you can delete Puppy 5.0.
Upgrade of a Bootable USB flash drive frugal install
A bootable flash drive requires more files than a normal frugal install.
Boot with a live CD of the new version of Puppy.
Use boot option puppy pfix=ram
Copy the old save file from the USB flash drive
Use Bootflash install Puppy to USB to install the new version to the USB drive.
Copy the old save file to the new install on the drive.
Remove CD.
Because you where running from CD it will ask if you want to make a save file.
Answer no.
Boot with the USB flash drive.
Old save file will be updated and settings and programs will be used.
Full Install Method
a full, complete install copies each uncompressed file, that is in the Puppy operating system's file system, to a dedicated partition ... so there will be the directories /bin, /dev, /etc. /lib, /mnt, /proc, /root, /sbin, /var etc........ on the partition, each filled with hundreds of files.
My advice would be to use
Puppy Universal Installer
(PUI) and install from scratch.
The (PUI) will guide you on doing a full install and options on devices to install too.
A boot loader will need to be installed to access the full install of Puppy. Same procedure as discussed under frugal install.
Minimum partition size for full install is 500MB, but that will not give much growing room. Puppy Linux will take up about 312MB.
You will also have to install it on a
Linux formatted partition (ext2, 3, or 4) on (HDD)
. It's a good idea to have one Linux formatted partition and a Linux swap partition. The benefits of a full install is not having to worry about the save file running out of space. You are only limited by the amount of space on your Linux partition . You will also notice there are files scattered all over the place. The file structure is similar to the frugal install but not as well packaged for ease of use.
Partitioning storage device
Running Puppy from live CD.
Must boot live CD using boot option: puppy pfix=ram
(this makes sure hard drive is not mounted)
Use Gparted program to setup hard drive.
Basic info video on using Gparted.
Full install With Other Operating Systems
A full install can be done along side other operating systems. They each need to be installed on their own partition. To install Puppy, have a separate Linux formated partition, with nothing on it, and select it when asked by the Universal Installer, where to install the full install of Puppy.
Windows on one partition.
Puppy on a different partition.
Guide for Full Install
Guide for one click install
Upgrading Full install
Upgrading a full install is limited. Puppy Linux develops in versions like version 1, 2, 3, etc... You can upgrade within a version, but not between versions. It would be okay going from 4.0 to 4.3 for example, but
not from 4.3 to the 5.0 and newer versions.
To upgrade burn a new CD of the newer version.
Boot with this new CD.
Use boot option (puppy pfix=ram).
Run the
Puppy Universal Installer
Select the same location for install as the Puppy you are upgrading.
Full Install
Choose "
", not "
No need to reinstall grub.
It will save your previous settings.
(may want to edit Grub menu.lst to change title info to newer version)
Remove CD.
Reboot computer.
Because you where running from CD it will ask if you want to make a save file.
Answer no.
At boot menu select your upgraded Puppy.
LINKS For More Info
There will always be many opinions to which method is best.
I think you will find frugal is the most popular especially with people who like to experiment with new puppies on a regular basis. When the save file runs out of space it can be increased. I also load a lot of my additional software outside of the save file such as Open Office, which is larger than puppy itself. By it being outside the safe file means it's available to other puppies, as well, without having to reinstall.
Another great reason to use frugal is the ability to use SFS packages. This can be many programs packed into a single file. You place it in /mnt/home and tell boot manager to load it at startup. This does not affect your save file.
I hope this assists in your decision making.
Last edited by bigpup on Sat 03 Mar 2018, 23:08; edited 104 times in total
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Joined: 22 Jan 2008
Posts: 4421
Location: merriam, kansas
Posted: Sun 26 Sep 2010, 17:44
Post subject:
Nice post bigpup;
A word of caution:
Upgading the full install is somewhat limited in scope.
It would be okay going from 4.0 to 4.3 for example; but not
from 4.3 to the 5.0 and newer versions.
Booting the original cd and running "upgrade" is a good way of
repairing a messed up full install.
Inspiron 700m, Pent.M 1.6Ghz, 1Gb ram.
Msi Wind U100, N270 1.6>2.0Ghz, 1.5Gb ram.
Eeepc 8g 701, 900Mhz, 1Gb ram.
Full installs
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Joined: 11 Aug 2008
Posts: 374
Location: Melbourne, Aus
Posted: Sun 26 Sep 2010, 18:44
Post subject: Re: Install Puppy Linux
Subject description: Ways to install Puppy Linux
bigpup wrote:
Upgrading Frugal install
Ok, here comes the good bit. Lets assume puppy 5.1.2 is released and you want to try it. you can create another directory called /puppy512, copy the three new files off the new ISO you have downloaded and place them in the directory /puppy512, then copy the save file from /puppy511 to /puppy512. Make the appropriate edits in the GRUB menu.lst file and reboot. Select the new puppy 5.1.2, it will load and convert your old save file to the new puppy. All of your settings and installed software will be available in the new distribution. The whole process will take between 1 - 5 minutes.
Thanks for this Bigpup. I tried to upgrade a frugal install last week and it ended badly. Look forward to trying again during the week.
Dell Latitude D630 running Puppy 5.2.8 frugal, Macpup 525 frugal (if I can get it working again. Sadly, I couldn't get it fixed
Precise Puppy 5.4 live DVD
Precise 5.7.3 on USB
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Joined: 11 Oct 2009
Posts: 13981
Location: S.C. USA
Posted: Thu 02 Dec 2010, 14:32
Post subject:
place holder
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Joined: 29 Jan 2010
Posts: 393
Location: Louisville, Kentucky
Posted: Thu 02 Dec 2010, 16:55
Post subject:
I'm always in a quandary when I'm adding Puppy to a computer. I have Puppy on our 3 desktops but we use our laptops 95% of the time. My wife and I have 2 old laptops and I've bought a third. The laptop I use is 366mhz, 160mb ram, 4.5 g hard drive. A full install of Puppy 4.21 has 996 mb of space, 533 mb are unused. It was my first Puppy and it rescued the laptop from the closet almost a year ago. Just to tell you how much I like this machine, does the phrase "pry it from my cold dead hands' ring a bell. The "new" laptop is 1.3ghz, 375mb ram, 30 g hard drive. I would be comfortable with going for up to 10 g space on the hard drive. I have full and frugal installs. I feel more in control with a full install for some reason.
What do I do on the "new" one, full or frugal? Would I notice the speed advantage for a frugal install? How many and what size partitions? ext2, 3 or 4? I know there is no really right or wrong answer but I think there might be a better educated one than I'm able to make on my own.
It may be that my sole purpose in life is simply to serve as a warning to others
Meddle Not In The Affairs Of Dragons For You Are Crunchy And Taste Good With Ketchup
I'd rather be sailing
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Joined: 05 Sep 2006
Posts: 13129
Location: Stratford, Ontario
Posted: Thu 02 Dec 2010, 17:06
Post subject:
I know there is no really right or wrong answer.
Precisely. Why not make several partitions, install Puppy a different way in each, and compare them?
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Joined: 29 Jan 2010
Posts: 393
Location: Louisville, Kentucky
Posted: Thu 02 Dec 2010, 19:20
Post subject:
Precisely. Why not make several partitions, install Puppy a different way in each, and compare them?
There you go. I had not thought of that. I can do a full install in a 1 g partition (replicate what I have on the other laptop) and 2 or 3 partitions for a frugal install. I'm assuming ext3 is good for all of them? I can compare and do something else later on.
Thanks for the feedback.
It may be that my sole purpose in life is simply to serve as a warning to others
Meddle Not In The Affairs Of Dragons For You Are Crunchy And Taste Good With Ketchup
I'd rather be sailing
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Joined: 29 Jan 2010
Posts: 393
Location: Louisville, Kentucky
Posted: Fri 03 Dec 2010, 18:56
Post subject:
OK, here's the update. I learned today why sometimes you need to boot using puppy pfix=ram. If you have a pupsave file on your hard drive and you let it default boot it will find that file and mount that partition on your hard drive. That may make it hard for you if you want to manipulate data on that partition. That didn't apply to me. I'm just telling what I found out.
I booted the Puppy cd, with Puppy 431 running in ram, I started GParted. I shrunk sda1 (Windows XP) by 5 G. I clicked on the 5 G unallocated space and made a sda2 ext3 partition at the begining. I clicked on the 3 G unallocated space and made a 2.8 sda3 ext partition. I have a Windows Recovery on sda4 so when I clicked on the 200mb unallocated space I ran into a problem. It said I needed to make one of my primary files an extension file so I could divide the hard drive into more than 4 parts. I was going to use the 200 mb as a swap partition as per the advice given on this website;
I was going for the 512 mb talked about on the webpage, 375 mb ram+ 200mb swap is over 512. I see by looking over this website now the swap file gets created later so I shouldn't have tried to do this.
I deleted the 2.8 partition and made a 3G ext3 partition, sda3. I got Puppy running the way I wanted; wireless connected, Pwidgets installed and bookmarks set on SeaMonkey. I did a full install to sda2. I installed grub. I did a frugal install on sda3. I didn't remember that I needed to fix grub so it would boot sba3 right then. I rebooted. sda2 would boot but sda3 would not. I knew why but newgrubtext was gone so I had to reinstall frugal Puppy to sba3, copy newgrubtext from tmp on the Puppy in ram and paste it into menu.lst in boot on sda2. That got both Puppies booting.
All the setup I did before I installed the Puppies was for naught. Puppy installs from cd, not from ram. I got the full Puppy set up the way I wanted it. I rebooted, full Puppy was fine. I rebooted frugal Puppy. I set it up the way I wanted. When I tried to reboot, I think it was here it asked me about a pupsave. I chose 1 G. It asked if I wanted to save changes. I chose no and reboot sda3. I set Puppy up the way I want it. It asked me if I wanted to save changes. I saved to sba3 and rebooted to sda3. I set Puppy up the way I want. It asked me if I wanted to save changes. I chose save to file. I reboot to sda3 and all is good.
I teeter back and forth on the swap file issue. If I didn't set up a partition for a swap file, was one created when I did the frugal install? When I read on the above website "shutdown immediately, and Puppy 4.3 will create a swap file on the hd, as well as a pupsave file (it does tell you that it is doing this)." I think when I created the 1G pupsave, a swap file was also created.
It looks like full Puppy boots from grub menu to desktop in 32 seconds. Frugal Puppy takes 39 seconds. Both seem to be consistent on those times.
I'm asking here because I've referenced it, is
new? It looks just like a ghost town version of this forum.
I hope all this makes sense and helps someone else not make the same mistakes I did. If I did a Puppy install once a week, I don't think I'd have many problems. Only some of the things I read about installing Puppy talk in my language. Of course, all of them make more sense right after you've done an install.
It may be that my sole purpose in life is simply to serve as a warning to others
Meddle Not In The Affairs Of Dragons For You Are Crunchy And Taste Good With Ketchup
I'd rather be sailing
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Posts: 13981
Location: S.C. USA
Posted: Sat 12 Mar 2011, 14:49
Post subject:
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Los Angeles
Lance and I left from Phoenix for Los Angeles this morning. It was a six hour drive, and featured LA traffic in spades for the last hour. Wow. This place is something else.
We went to Culver City, which is a suburb, to visit a sister Lance recently discovered named Sarah. I had a picture of us all, but the site is not loading right now.
Sarah lives in an area of town known as Little Ethiopia. There are dozens of Ethiopian restaurants. Dozens. We picked one and had a great meal.
The entrees come on an enormous platter. You scoop them up with teff bread, which is like a crepe. Very good flavor.
Lance just met his sister last month. She works for a video game company. Her job makes no sense to me, but it does to Lance. They talked shop the whole time. Wow. There are worlds out there I do not understand.
The two share a father who lives in St. Lucia, an island in the Caribbean. It is thrilling for Lance to discover and meet Sarah. He has five more new siblings to meet.
The congestion is quite something in Los Angeles. The reason for it is obvious, too. The weather is spectacular. It was 86 degrees up in the hills outside of LA when we were driving past snow-covered peaks. Down closer to the ocean it went down to 81.
Tomorrow, up to the Yosemite area.


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Video Overview
Note: The 2015 PARCC assessment scores set a new baseline. Growth metrics will be available in the fall of 2016 after the next administration of the PARCC Assessment.
Student Academic Growth is a measurement of students advancing from one performance level on the ISAT to another performance level (or "growing") from one year to the next. Unlike test scores, which only show a one-time snapshot of students' achievement, Student Academic Growth compares students' achievement from one year to the next to measure improvements over time.
This bar graph shows the average academic growth in Reading and Mathematics by students in this school, Charter Management Organization (CMO), district, and the state. The measure is computed for all students based on their performance on state tests and represents the average growth that students are making each year. This growth measure is expressed as a number between 0 and 200 where a value above 100 represents positive growth and/or consistently high achievement, and a value below 100 represents negative growth and/or consistently low achievement. You may change the data year you are viewing by using the drop down menu in the upper right.
Click on "View Details" to see the value table which provides the basis for calculating annual academic growth in this school.
Refer to information above the graphs.
Refer to information above the graphs.
Using growth measures, in addition to standardized test scores, offers a more complete approach to understanding student performance than relying on test scores alone. Since the use of "Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP)"as defined under No Child Left Behind (NCLB) only reflects how schools and districts perform at one point in time, the Illinois State Board of Education (ISBE) has decided to introduce a growth measure to the school accountability framework.
To measure student achievement growth for schools and districts, Illinois uses a value table model. Student growth is determined by the performance of the students within a school or district from one year to the next year. The amount of growth is then assigned a set value based on the value table. (For the explanation of how growth values are assigned, see the section on "Calculating the Student Academic Growth Value" by clicking View Details).
All of the students' scores, in a given schoo,l are added together and divided by the total number of students in the school to obtain an average growth metric. The same process applies to the district growth metric with all of the students' scores for the district averaged to obtain the growth metric.
For more information about the Value Table Model click on http://www.isbe.state.il.us/GMWG/pdf/gmvt-fact-sheet-0813.pdf
Refer to information above the graphs.
Refer to information above the graphs.


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USA: Consortium to help food industry profit from carbon credits
In the era of the Kyoto Protocol, where polluters pay more environmentally friendly businesses and services for 'carbon credits', a group has been formed to ready the food industry to profit from the situation. The Consortium for Agricultural Soils Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases groups nine US universities and several American government agencies to set out the financial benefits.
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While the Academy Awards are all about the winners of the night, there is one person who shines above them all: the host.
While it can often be a thankless job, the host keeps up the energy of the night by making the show an unforgettable one through confidence and humor. Without the host, the show would be lost.
That's why, over the decades of Oscar ceremonies, including this year's, there have been only seven shows without hosts.
Whether it's with a song and dance, poking fun of the nominees or unforgettable costumes, the host guides the audiences through one of the longest-running award shows in Hollywood.
So put on your designer dress or suit, grab your best date and read on as we pick the best hosts in Oscar history.
And the top five Oscars for best host goes to ...
No. 5: Steve Martin
Steve Martin is a comedian and actor who tells it like it is ... and had the privilege of hosting the Oscars three times between 2001 and 2010.
His cynicism can either come off as standoffish or have you cracking a smile. He also has no problem poking fun at the nominees as he once attempted to define what a movie star is: "They can be tall, short, thin, or skinny. They can be Democrats ... or skinny."
Martin shared hosting duties with Alec Baldwin in 2010, but proved that he could handle an award show on his own by showing his sarcasm and wit. During his first ceremony, he cracked that "Hollywood is about all of us working together for one common love -- publicity."
Most memorable hosting quote: "Hosting is like making love to a beautiful woman; it's something I only get to do when Billy Crystal is out of town."
No. 4: Whoopi Goldberg
Comedian and actress Whoopi Goldberg was the first African-American woman (and woman in general) to host the Oscars without a co-host, doing so four times between 1994 and 2002.
She is also the only host to have earned an Oscar of her own, which she won for her performance in "Ghost."
Goldberg was known for her grand entrances with her unforgettable costumes that left audience members and viewers clapping and laughing.
Whether it was coming down from the ceiling in feathers and a top hat or dressed as Queen Elizabeth I, Goldberg was able to poke fun at race and was one of the few Oscar hosts who could get away with it: "So much mud was thrown this year, all the nominees look black," cracked Goldberg in 2002.
Most memorable hosting quote: "Security here tonight is tighter than some of the faces."
No. 3: Johnny Carson
Johnny Carson was already the king of late night TV on "The Tonight Show," and became even more of a hit as a five-time Oscar host between 1979 and 1984.
The Oscars have always been a tough gig for comedians. As the show drags on, they find themselves delivering their schtick to an auditorium of stewing also-rans who just want to head home -- or to the after party.
Carson also had the honor of following in the hosting shoes of Bob Hope, a movie actor beloved by the Academy's membership. Coming from TV, Carson had to win them over quickly and did so with his very first line: "Welcome to two hours of sparkling entertainment spread out over a four-hour show."
With every punch line delivered with his sharp timing, Carson had the audience crying from laughter and eating from his hand.
Most memorable hosting quote: "This is the night that Hollywood puts aside its petty jealousies, and brings out its major jealousies."
No. 2: Billy Crystal
Whether he's edited himself into the Best Picture montages, wooed us with a song and dance or analyzed the nominees ("I see white people!"), actor and comedian Billy Crystal's funny antics have won us over each time -- nine times, to be exact, between 1990 and 2012.
Crystal became such a hit with audience members and viewers that he ranks behind only actor and comedian Bob Hope when it comes to most ceremonies hosted.
His advice to newcomers? "Look like you want to be there," he said. "Be good and enjoy yourself."
Crystal was so popular that when he returned from a three-year break from hosting duties in 1997, the audience greeted him with an overwhelming standing ovation. And you could tell that Crystal was genuinely moved by the salute.
Most memorable hosting quote: "For those of you who are keeping score at home, I just want to make something very clear: Martin Scorsese, zero Oscars; Three 6 Mafia, one."
No. 1: Bob Hope
Comedian and actor Bob Hope holds the record for hosting the Oscars more than anyone else: 18 times between 1940 and 1978, 10 of those as a solo host. That's a record that's unlikely to be broken.
As a well-respected actor and comedian, Hope often joked that he should receive an Oscar "just for attending." Although Hope was never nominated for an Oscar for his performances, the Academy honored him with four honorary awards as well as the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.
With his unforgettable charm and wit, Hope was able to put a smile on audience members and viewers as he made the three-hour show seem shorter.
Most memorable hosting quote: "Tonight we set aside petty differences, forget old feuds and start new ones."


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When the financial crisis struck the United States back in 2008, China gloated over the "failure" of the Western World's free market system. At the time, it appeared Beijing's model of controlled intervention was right. But almost five years later, China—the world's "growth engine"—is stalling. The nation's growth rate slowed to 7.4% during the third quarter, and Chinese stocks have lost around 30% over the past five years. Can China lead the world back to growth?
China 101
The People's Republic of China is home to 1.3 billion people and governed by the Communist Party of China—a single party state. Beijing is the capital city and the government exercises its power over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled areas (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two self-governing regions (Hong Kong and Macau).
China is the world's second largest economy and is renowned for its ability to produce goods cheaply. Its low labor costs, favorable government policies, and undervalued exchange rate have helped it to stay a fierce competitor. As of 2012, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates that China's GDP was approximately $7.298 trillion.
Global steel production is dominated by China, which accounts for around 44% of all output. For energy production, coal produces about 70% of China's energy needs and in 2010 the country became the world's largest producer of wind energy.
Perhaps no trend more closely illustrates China's development into an economic juggernaut than its shift from a nation of bicycles to cars. The country is now the world's largest auto market, recently supplanting both Japan (2006) and the United States (2009).
No Decoupling
Although the theory of economic decoupling forecasted that fast growing emerging market countries would be largely shielded from economic problems in developed nations, reality hasn't followed theory.
Three years after the U.S. financial crisis and the start of Europe's sovereign debt crisis, China, like other emerging countries is stalling. The IMF projects China's economy to average 5.8% in the half-decade through 2016, almost two percentage points less than the five years before the 2009 slump.
A one percentage point drop in China's growth rate often leads to a 1.5 point decline in commodity prices over a couple of quarters. Here too, there's no decoupling, because large natural resource producers like Australia and Canada get hit.
Domestic Demand Model
Can China's domestic economy make up for the global slowdown?
Like the theory of economic decoupling, certain economists promoted the idea that domestic consumption by China's large population would minimize the impact of slowing demand for Chinese exports. But thus far, it hasn't worked out that way. China's weak third quarter economic expansion takes it back to 2009's level.
Additionally, China's growth is slowing because household spending as a percentage of its own output is sliding. "The growth model which has worked is running out of steam because consumption as a percentage of GDP has fallen," said billionaire George Soros at the National Association for Business Economics conference in New York. Soros estimates the decline in domestic consumption from one-third of output—down from half.
Another overlooked issue is one of demographics. The proportion of Chinese citizens over age 60 is growing at a faster rate compared to other age groups. After three generations of a one-child policy, China's aging population will limit future productivity in coming decades. The government plans to keep the one-child policy through 2020.
China will have to re-evaluate its export-focused growth model by making its domestic economy a more significant part of the overall picture.
Chinese ETFs
For advisors, there are many roads to China. The iShares FTSE China 25 Index Fund (FXI) has almost $6 billion and is the best known China equity ETF. The large cap fund is the dominated by domestic financials, energy and the telecom sectors.
"Like most Chinese funds, earnings for FXI will be about flat this year. But the firms in the fund have a slightly better long-term record of profit growth versus their counterparts in the broader emerging markets area, yet they've gone from a valuation premium to a discount in recent years," said Michael Krause, president of AltaVista Research. Over the past five years, FXI has underperformed its emerging market peers by 14.8%. Krause has a "speculative rating" on FXI due to its high concentration on just a handful of stocks and estimates 6.2% EPS growth in 2013.
For a core China position, the SPDR S&P China ETF (GXC) is an ideal choice. The fund offers broader exposure to Chinese equities because its 217 holdings also include mid and small caps. GXC's largest three sectors are financials (31.8%), energy (14.8%), and technology (13%). GXC has outperformed FXI over the past one, three and five years and the fund's annual expense ratio is 0.59%.
The Guggenheim China Small Cap ETF (HAO) owns companies with market sizes under $1.5 billion. And for sector focused plays, there's the EG Shares China Infrastructure ETF (CHXX), Guggenheim China Technology ETF (CQQQ), Guggenheim China Real Estate ETF (TAO). Finally, for currency exposure, the WisdomTree Dreyfus Chinese Yuan Fund (CYB) offers exposure to Chinese money market rates.
A deliberately undervalued yuan has become a major sticking point between China and its major trading partners. The depressed yuan has contributed to massive trade surpluses and Chinese exports swelled to $186.35 billion in September, or almost 10% higher compared to the same time last year. How much longer will the globe tolerate China's unfair advantage? If China's trading partners go to war by reducing imports or debasing their own currencies, the effect on China's economy would be adverse.
Over the past year, the People's Bank of China has cut interest rates twice and lowered bank reserve ratios three times. Yet, compared to Europe and the U.S., monetary stimulus in China has been much less aggressive. The People's Bank of China Deputy Governor Yi Gang said that while policy makers will provide "appropriate" stimulus to maintain growth, the central bank's main focus is price stability versus stoking inflation and asset bubbles.
What happens if China can't achieve adequate growth targets? Then Western World-styled QE could become China's future. Oh the irony! But judging how European and U.S. financial markets have reacted to the stimulus spending by their central banks, China following the same path might not be such a bad thing.


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Bielsa singles out one person to thank for Leeds United success
Leeds United sit atop the pile of 24 teams in the Sky Bet Championship, driven…
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Remote-controlled capacities calendar week 10
10.011,48 MW installed wind and solar capacity under remote-control arrangements by Statkraft.
In case of sufficiently negative prices at the EEX (day-ahead or intraday), Statkraft Markets GmbH has contractual arrangements for a total 10.011,48 MW wind and solar capacity that can be steered down according to the incentives set by the market premium scheme.
Date: 04 March 2020, 16:37 p.m.


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America's wealthiest may have seen a slight downturn in their fortunes last year, but they're still doing better than their counterparts in other parts of the globe.
According to the Capgemini 2012 Metro Wealth Index, which looks at the changing populations of high net worth individuals in the United States' largest metro areas between 2010 and 2011, economic uncertainty led to a 1.2% decline in HNWIs – yet the top five U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) all remained among the top 15 largest wealth markets worldwide.
In fact, the U.S. remains the largest HNWI country globally, says the report released Nov. 27 by technology and outsourcing consultant Capgemini in partnership with RBC Wealth Management.
"Each of the top five U.S. MSAs on its own is large enough to earn a ranking spot as one of the top 15 wealth markets in the world," said Jean Lassignardie, chief sales and marketing officer for Capgemini Global Financial Services, in a statement.
(Check out last year's Top 10 Wealthiest U.S. Cities at AdvisorOne.)
10) Detroit
Motor City, which continued to battle high unemployment levels last year, saw growth of its high net worth population fall by 2.2% in the last year. The city ranked ninth in the previous year. In Capgemini's 2011 index, HNWIs numbered 90,100 in the Detroit MSA's overall population of 4.29 million compared with 92,100 in 2010.
9) San Jose
San Jose moved to ninth position in 2011 from 10th in 2010, with HNWI growth at 2.1% in 2011 versus 2.7% in 2010. The relatively small metro area, with a population of just 1.86 million, was home to 90,700 HNWIs in 2011 compared with 88,800 in 2010. Good performance by major local industries helped boost San Jose's wealth numbers.
Houston's MSA, which now has a total population of 6.09 million, saw its number of HNWIs rise 1.9% in 2011, to 98,500 individuals compared with 96.700 in 2010, thanks in part to strong performance by local business. However, growth slowed compared with the 9.8% HNWI growth rate reported in 2010. The city nevertheless maintained its eighth place ranking from 2010.
7) Philadelphia
Philadelphia moved one place down on the Capgemini index from sixth place last year due to poor equity market performance and house price pressure. The MSA totaling a population of 5.99 million saw a 0.9% drop in HNWIs to 109,400 in 2011 from 110,400 in 2010. Last year, Philly's number of HNWIs grew by 6.0%.
Boston, with a total MSA population of 4.59 million individuals, moved up one place to sixth position in 2011, driven by solid economic growth. HNWI growth was 0.4% in 2011 versus 7.3% in 2010, and HNWI population was 110,200 people in 2011 versus 109,800 in 2010.
5) San Francisco
San Francisco, dogged by high unemployment, managed to hold on to its fifth place ranking in 2011 thanks to the 0.3% growth of its HNWI population to 147,800 compared with a 6.6% growth rate and HNWI population of 147,400 in 2010. The metro area totals a population of 4.39 million.
The nation's capital, with a population of 5.70 million throughout the Washington metropolitan statistical area, stayed in fourth place this year, with 1.1% HNWI growth in 2011 versus a much larger 7.9% in 2010. The area was home to 166,200 HNWIs in 2011 versus 164,400 in 2010.
3) Chicago
Chicago, with an overall population 9.51 million, kept its third-place ranking in 2011 despite high unemployment, although it helped to hamper HNWI growth, down 0.1%. That number compares with 7.1% in 2010. The total of high net worth individuals in Chicagoland came to 212,000 in 2011, slightly lower than 212,300 in 2010.
2) Los Angeles
Los Angeles' HNWI population declined marginally by 0.3% to end the 2011 year at a total of 255,600 versus growth of 8.8% in 2010 that brought the HNWI to a total of 256,500. The Los Angeles metro area, with a total population of 12.95 million, suffered from high unemployment, like many other MSAs, and it held on to its second-place ranking in the Capgemini index.
New York, with the nation's largest metro population of 19.02 million, retained its top position and had the highest absolute growth in terms of number of high net-worth individuals in 2011, with an addition of about 7,100 people for a total population of 727,100 HNWIs in the region compared with 720, 000 in 2010.
While New York's 2011 HNWI growth came to just 1.0% versus 7.9% in 2010, the metro area's HNWI population was almost three times the HNWI population of Los Angeles and more than the combined HNWI population of Los Angeles, Chicago and Washington.
"Each of the top five U.S. MSAs on its own is large enough to earn a ranking spot as one of the top 15 wealth markets in the world. For instance, New York has more HNWIs than the Middle East and Africa based on the markets we cover," said Jean Lassignardie, chief sales and marketing officer for Capgemini Global Financial Services, in a statement.
Check out more Top 10 lists at AdvisorOne, including: