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Articles written by Chevon T. Baccus Apr
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City Approves Permit for Arts Festival Feb. 19-21
The Lake Wales City Commission Dec. 1 approved its first permit for a large-scale event in 2021 – the 50th annual arts festival the weekend of Feb. 19-21. Lake Wales Arts Council... — Updated 12/2/2020
Seminole Hotel Owner Asks City to Halt Foreclosure, Waive Fines
Henry Kebabjian is not giving up on his plans to redevelop the historic Seminole Hotel and is still hoping to convince Lake Wales city commissioners to drop their foreclosure... — Updated 12/2/2020
15-Year-Old State Swimming Champion Sets Sights on Olympic Gold
An active swimmer since age 5, Mary Leigh Hardman dreams of some day competing in the Olympics. The Lake Wales High School freshman moved closer to her goal last weekend by winning... — Updated 12/2/2020
Mural of Oranges, Blossoms and Butterflies Brightens Downtown
Lakeland artist Gillian Fazio specializes in "new age flora and fauna." She completed her largest project this week in downtown Lake Wales, a 3,000-square-foot mural of oranges,... — Updated 12/2/2020
Design Team Unveils Market Plaza Redevelopment Concepts
Design team members for the Lake Wales Connected downtown revitalization plan on Nov. 18 unveiled concepts for turning Market Plaza into a community gathering place. About 30... — Updated 11/19/2020
Polk County Fire Rescue Praises Spook Hill Elementary Student for 9-1-1 Call
Fortunately for Angela Lopez, her 6-year-old daughter Esperanza knew to call 9-1-1 in an emergency. On Oct. 21 Lopez fell at her Frostproof home and couldn't get up or call for... — Updated 11/18/2020
Commissioners Approve New City Manager's Employment Contract
The Lake Wales City Commission on Nov. 17 formalized its selection of James Slaton as city manager by approving his employment contract. The Commission voted unanimously Oct. 20 to... — Updated 11/18/2020
Commissioners Agree to Restrict Public Comments at Meetings
To make their meetings more "orderly and efficient," city commissioners agreed Nov. 17 to place restrictions on who can speak during the "communications and petitions" portion at... — Updated 11/18/2020
City Commissioners Define their Official Duties
City Commissioner Al Goldstein said when he took office in 2019 he was a little unclear about what his official responsibilities entailed. The duties of commissioners were not... — Updated 11/18/2020
Commissioners Give Final Look at Proposed Charter Changes
The Lake Wales City Commission will give a final look Nov. 3 to seven proposed changes to the city charter that would go on the April 2021 municipal ballot. Commissioners decided... — Updated 11/11/2020
Retiree Charged with Voyeurism, Accused of Videotaping Nude Teen
A 68-year-old Lake Wales man was arrested Oct. 22 and charged with video voyeurism and tampering with evidence. John Patrick Turley is accused of secretly videotaping a 16-year-old... — Updated 10/30/2020 Full story
Unanimous Commission Names James Slaton as City Manager
Lake Wales City Commissioners voted unanimously Tuesday, Oct. 20 to appoint James Slaton as the next city manager. Slaton has been serving as interim city manager since June 2, when... — Updated 10/29/2020
Citizens Police Advisory Board Holding First Public Forum Oct. 26
The Citizens and Police Community Relations Advisory Board will hold its first public forum at 6 p.m. Monday Oct. 26 at the B Street Center. Due to the COVID-19 virus, attendees... — Updated 10/25/2020
100-Plus Pound Weight Loss Makes Local Man Florida TOPS "King"
John Clifford is Florida King, but the pandemic postponed his official coronation. The 83-year-old Lake Wales man lost more than 100 pounds through the international Take Off Pounds... — Updated 10/9/2020
New Leader at Circle of Friends Answered God's Call to Serve
Crystal Higbee gave up a good job as a surgical tech to answer a special calling to become president of Circle of Friends Ministry. Higbee admits like in the story of Jonah and the... — Updated 9/23/2020
Deputy Mayor Asks to Reconsider Raises for City Commission
Deputy Mayor Robin Gibson in July voted against raises for himself and his fellow commissioners, but he's apparently had a change of heart. At the commission's Sept. 16 workshop... — Updated 9/23/2020
Slaton Provides Update on Police Department Priorities
Since his appointment June 2, Interim City Manager James Slaton has worked closely with Lake Wales Police Chief Chris Velasquez to address commissioner and city concerns. Slaton rec... — Updated 9/23/2020
Citizens and Police Advisory Committee Holds Organizational Meeting
The newly recreated Citizens and Police Community Relations Advisory Committee held its first meeting Monday, Sept. 21 to organize and get acquainted. The Lake Wales City... — Updated 9/23/2020
Goldstein Seeking Another 3 Years on City Commission
Al Goldstein didn't realize being a Lake Wales city commissioner would be so time-consuming, but he's eager to sign up for another three years. He was elected without opposition in... — Updated 9/23/2020
New Owner Wants City to Drop Foreclosure, Waive Fines on Seminole Hotel
Henry Kebabjian wants to redevelop the historic Seminole Hotel in downtown Lake Wales, but his timing may be a little off. Kebabjian bought the three-story hotel Aug. 19 at a... — Updated 9/17/2020
Commissioners Appoint Chaplain, Continue Pre-Meeting Invocations
Lake Wales City commissioners by a 4-1 vote Sept. 9 approved an invocation policy that appoints an official chaplain and develops a list of volunteers from local congregations to fi... — Updated 9/16/2020 Full story
Commissioner Gibson Announces Re-Election Bid on His 36th Birthday
Marking the occasion of his 36th birthday, Lake Wales City Commissioner Curtis Gibson on Sept. 11 announced the start of his re-election campaign. Gibson plans to qualify for the Ap... — Updated 9/16/2020
Commissioners Question Why City Hall is Still Closed to Visitors
Lake Wales Interim City Manger James Slaton says if your grocery store has an outbreak of COVID-19 among its employees you can always go to another store. But he says there's no... — Updated 9/10/2020
Florida League of Cities Taps Commissioner Goldstein to Chair Legislative Committee
Lake Wales City Commissioner Al Goldstein has been tapped to chair the Florida League of Cities Land Use and Economic Development Committee. FLC President Tony Ortiz, an Orlando... — Updated 9/10/2020
Lake Ashton Veterans Promote Flying U.S. Flag to Remember Sept. 11 Sacrifice
The Lake Ashton Veterans Association is facilitating an initiative by Wreaths Across America to remember "the sacrifice and impact upon our great country" on September 11, 2001 from... — Updated 9/10/2020 Full story


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Greek Spinach Pie (spanakopita)
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- 16 to 20 phyllo pastry leaves (1 box)
- 3 lbs. frozen chopped leaf spinach
- 1 stick melted butter/margarine or equivalent of olive oil
- 1 lb. feta cheese
- 1 small bunch fresh dill chopped
- 1 small bunch fresh parsley
- 1 bunch green onions
- few cloves garlic crushed
- 1 large onion
- olive oil to saute
- 6 large eggs,
- salt
- fresh grated black pepper
- nutmeg
Cook spinach to package directions, cool and squeeze out all excess water and rechop by hand or food processor. Saute the onion and garlic in some olive oil. Chop the green onions, parsley and dill. Combine the spinach, sauteed mixture, green onions, parsley and dill. Blend in crumbled feta cheese. Season to desired taste. Fork beat eggs and add to the spinach mixture. Set aside. Butter a 9 x 13 baking pan. Layer 8 to 10 leaves of phyllo, butter each individual sheet. Add spinach mixture. Top with another 8 to 10 more phyllo leaves, again layering and buttering each individual sheet. With a scissors cut off and trim any overlapping phyllo pastry.( or you could tuck in or overlap excess over the top ) . Cover pan with a damp tea towel and plastic wrap. Chill 30 minutes before baking. This can also be prepared and covered several hours before baking. Bake in a 350F oven about one hour or until puffed and golden. Cool 15 to 20 minutes before cutting. Serves 8 to 10. Note: Leftovers reheat well. I like to serve with rice pilaf. Also: when working with phyllo pastry read package instructions because this pastry dries out and crumbles quickly if not kept covered.
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BRADBURY, RAY - Wonderful Ice Cream Suit: And Other Plays for Today, Tomorrow, and
1973. BRADBURY, Ray. THE WONDERFUL ICE CREAM SUIT AND OTHER PLAYS FOR TODAY, TOMORROW, AND BEYOND TOMORROW. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon,(1973). First British Edition. Signed by author. 8vo. yellow cloth lettered in black to spine. Negligible wear, else near fine in a near fine dust jacket. .USD 100.00 [Appr.: EURO 83 | £UK 74.75 | JP¥ 10450] Book number 87810
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Saturday's Session
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Saturday 28 November, 7.30am
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3 new SBC have been released. Probably the last ones of the Black Friday Promo. 82+ Player Pick, 82+ Player Guaranteed, and 81 - 87 upgrade. Check out requirements and what we got in them. These SBCs will be available for 2 days.
This is our prediction for the upcoming Team of the Week 10. De Bruyne, Coman, Grizmann among the best players. Check Mahrez situation regarding next TOTW and why we have picked these players.
This SBC celebrates Memphis Depay's long-range goal vs Toulouse FC in the 16-17 season. 4 days to complete this SBC. It requires an 86 squad + TOTW.
5 new items have been released. 5 Record Breakers cards have been awarded to Van Dijk, Vela, Fábregas, Donnarumma and Vardy. Check them out.
New footage from Next-Gen FIFA 21 has been revealed featuring players arriving at the stadium, walking out of the tunnel, and new cameras during celebrations. Check them out.
Latest Transfers based from Transfermarkt.com (as of 9/22/2017) such as Andrey Yarmolenko to Borussia Dortmund, Danny Drinkwater and Davide Zappacosta to Chelsea, Stevan Jovetic and Keita Balde to Monaco, Kylian Mbappe to Paris Saint-Germain, Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain to Liverpool, Fernando Llorente to Tottenham, Adrien Silva and Aleksandar Dragovic to Leicester City, Divock Origi to Wolfsburg, Gabriel Barbosa to Benfica, Renato Sanches and Wilfried Bony to Swansea, and more.
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Maria de Jesus (Amaral) Freitas, 94 of Fall River, passed away peacefully surrounded by her loving family on Thursday, October 22, 2020. She was the wife of the late Antonio Moniz Freitas. Born in Furnas, São Miguel, Azores, she was the daughter of Manuel and Maria José (Ramiro) Amaral.
Maria leaves seven children, Armando Freitas and his wife Fatima, Antonio Freitas and his wife Conceião of Brampton,OT, José Manuel Freitas and his wife Liduina, Graça Pimentel, Fatima Pimentel and her husband Jaime, Luis Freitas and his wife Mariazinha of Fall River, Maria de Jesus Almeida and her husband Emanuel all of Fall River, 23 grandchildren, 33 great grandchildren, 3 great great grandchildren and several nieces and nephews. She was the mother of the late Mario Freitas.
Calling hours will be held on Sunday, October 25, 2020, from 5-7 PM in the MANUEL ROGERS & SONS FUNERAL HOME, INC. 1521 N. Main St. Fall River. A Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated on Monday, October 26, 2020 in St. Michael Church Essex St. Fall River at 10:00 A.M. Burial will be in St. Patrick Cemetery. The guidelines set forth by State of Massachusetts will be observed, face coverings are required and 25 people will be allowed in at a time. We kindly ask for your patience as you await your turn to enter the building.


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Tightness and computing distances in the curve complex.
Kenneth J. Shackleton
School of Mathematics, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Great Britain.
[First draft: June 2004; Revised: September 2004]
Abstract: We give explicit bounds on the intersection
number between any curve on a tight multigeodesic and the two ending
curves. We use this to construct all tight multigeodesics and so
conclude that distances are computable. The algorithm applies to all
surfaces. We recover the finiteness result of
Masur-Minsky for tight geodesics. The central argument makes no use
of the geometric limit
arguments seen in the recent work of Bowditch (2003) and
Masur-Minsky (2000), and is enough to deduce a computable version of the acylindricity theorem of Bowditch.
Keywords: Curve complex, multigeodesic, train track.
§. Introduction. Let be a closed connected oriented surface and let be a finite subset. In [Harv], Harvey associates to the pair a simplicial complex called the curve complex. This is defined as follows. We shall say that an embedded loop in is trivial if it bounds a disc and peripheral if it bounds a once punctured disc. Let be the set of all free homotopy classes of non-trivial and non-peripheral embedded loops in . The elements of will be referred to as curves. We take to be the set of vertices and deem a family of distinct curves to span a -simplex if any two curves can be disjointly realised in . The mapping class group has cocompact simplicial action on . This has been exploited by various authors, see for example [BF], [Hare] and [Iva].
With the exception of only a few cases, namely is a -sphere and and is a torus and , is non-empty and the curve complex is connected. For these non-exceptional cases, it can be verified that the simplicial dimension of is equal to . We see that is in fact non-exceptional if and only if . In each subsequent section, it is to be assumed that is such that .
When the curve complex can be endowed with a path-metric by declaring all edge lengths to be equal to . All that is important here is the -skeleton of , with which is quasi-isometric. The induced metric on is known to be unbounded and hyperbolic in the sense of Gromov [MaMi1], [Bow1]. The boundary of is homeomorphic to the space of minimal geodesic laminations filling , given any hyperbolic metric on , endowed with the "measure forgetting" topology [Kla], [Ham]. The curve complex plays a key role in Minsky et al's approach to Thurston's ending lamination conjecture. A second approach has been proposed by Rees [R].
All this at first sight suggests that we may apply the methods of hyperbolic groups and spaces to study various groups acting on , in particular the mapping class group and its subgroups. The curve graph, though, is not locally finite or even fine: As early as the -ball around any vertex of these problems are manifest. Tight multigeodesics, introduced in [MaMi2] and further studied in [Bow2] and [Bow3], address this problem. Their introduction has been fruitful: Masur and Minsky used these to study the conjugacy problem in the mapping class group and Bowditch used these to describe the action of the mapping class group on the curve complex.
Masur and Minsky [MaMi2] showed that there are only finitely many tight multigeodesics between any two vertices of the curve graph and Bowditch [Bow2] improved on this, showing that there are only uniformly boundedly many curves in any given slice. We go some way to re-establishing these results, though our bounds depend on the intersection number of the two ending vertices. Since the arguments given here do not rely on passing to geometric limits, our results can be viewed as addressing the local finiteness problems as well as offering computability. We see how to construct geodesics, all tight multigeodesics and compute the distance between any two vertices. These notions of tightness are perhaps stronger than we need.
We introduce the key idea of chords and pulses to measure the interleaving in the surface of curves lying on a geodesic in . Pulse is preserved by the action of the mapping class group. We establish bounds on pulse that apply to all geodesics and, combining these with an appropriate tightness criterion, we establish the finiteness of tight multigeodesics. These methods are readily applicable to related complexes.
Lastly, in we use our results to compute stable lengths of all
mapping classes.
Tightness in the curve graph and the main results. Let us remind ourselves of a few definitions. Associated to any two curves and is their geometric intersection number , namely the minimal cardinality of the set among all and . Note for all , and if and only if . For any two curves and , we have have (see [Bow1] for a logarithmic bound).
For us, paths in the curve graph shall be sequences of vertices such that and , that is and are adjacent, for each . A geodesic in is a distance realising path.
We shall recall the notion of tight multigeodesic due to Bowditch [Bow2], but that of Masur and Minsky [MaMi2] works equally well here. Recall that a multicurve is a collection of pairwise distinct curves of pairwise zero intersection number. Intersection number on multicurves is defined additively. Recall that a multipath is a sequence of multicurves such that for all and . We say that a multipath is tight at () if for all curves , whenever we have . We say that is tight if tight at each (). A tight multipath is a tight multigeodesic if for some (hence any) and . The existence of tight multigeodesics was established in [MaMi2]. Whether we can always connect two vertices of by a tight geodesic, rather than having to use multicurves, remains open.
The main result may be stated as follows.
Lemma 1
There is an explicit increasing function such that the following holds. Let be any multigeodesic tight at . Then, .
Note that grows superexponentially with . In particular, the loss of the uniformity of the bounds of [Bow2] appears to be the price of computability. Even so, these bounds are enough to deduce the visual connectivity of by bi-infinite geodesics and other familiar facts. Consequences of Lemma 1 include the following.
Theorem 2
There exists an explicit algorithm which takes as input and any two curves and in and returns all tight multigeodesics connecting to .
From this we conclude that distances are computable.
Theorem 3
There exists an explicit algorithm which takes as input and any two curves and in and returns the distance between and in .
In his unpublished thesis, J. Leasure [Lea] gives a version of Theorem 3 for closed surfaces of genus at least two. We are grateful to Richard P. Kent IV for alerting us to this.
Acknowledgements. The author wishes to thank Brian Bowditch for
introducing him to these questions and for many interesting and helpful
conversations. The author also wishes to thank the EPSRC for
generously supporting his research. Last but not least, he wishes to thank the Max
Planck Insitut für Mathematik, Bonn, for its hospitality whilst
writing up.
. An overview of the proof to Lemma 1 and the first few cases. Neighbouring multicurves on a tight multigeodesic tend to drag one another round the surface and shield each other from other curves. Consider any multigeodesic and any simple realisation for , each , such that for each , each and for each . Suppose that two components and of are connected by three subarcs of , denoted and , that are otherwise disjoint from and are homotopic relative to . Tightness at implies that the ends of at least two of these subarcs, say and , are separated by a point from . Now and are disjoint so we conclude that there must be a subarc of connecting and and sandwiched between and . This subarc of is shielded from by . Indeed, if and continue from and both return to while remaining homotopic relative to then continues to be trapped in between and all the way back to . If the ends of are not separated on by a point from then we may surger along to find a new simple loop disjoint from both and . In particular, when is empty represents a curve, denoted , and we have succeeded in finding a new multipath , contradicting . We conclude that the ends of must be separated by .
This analysis continues along to higher indices. Suppose that a long subarc of is fellow travelled by two long subarcs of , one on either side, and kept apart from by long subarcs from in turn. Then we may surger along and arrive at a new curve having zero intersection with . Furthermore, and so this time we are guarranteed . We have succeeded in finding a multipath connecting and of length less than and hence we have a contradiction.
We shall see that if we start with a multigeodesic which is tight at and is such that is large relative to (we shall quantify this in terms of in ) then this is exactly the situation we find ourselves in. Furthermore, the argument only requires tightness at .
We now deal with the cases and separately, and here after assume .
Proposition 4
For each multigeodesic we have . For each multigeodesic we have .
Proof We note that for any multigeodesic tight at
and any multicurve , we have . In particular, when
we have .
The same argument fails for since and are
no longer adjacent.
. The idea of pulse. We introduce a measure for the interleaving in the surface of curves lying on a tight multigeodesic in . The same ideas can be applied to geodesics and multigeodesics tight at a given vertex.
For any given positive integer , let denote the free monoid of rank generated by the set . Let denote the relation set and let denote the congruence on generated by . We form the quotient and refer to the elements of this monoid as chords. For any word , denote by the th letter appearing in . For each define .
Chords naturally arise in the context of paths and multipaths in the curve graph. Consider a path or multipath and choose simple representatives for once more, so that each , for each and for each . Let be any component of . Orientate and use this orientation to ennumerate the points of . This ennumeration spells out an element of by identifying a point from with the th generator of , each . Tightness at implies that cannot be of the form , for some and each . We will consider various subsets of , and ennumerate their elements with the orientation on to determine -pulse.
Now suppose that . Then and have non-zero intersection number and so we may homotop both and near so as to transpose the two points of intersection. If we re-ennumerate, we arrive at a second word with . In this way, paths may be viewed as defining chords and tight multigeodesics pinched chords. Note also that each word in a chord induced by a path or multipath can be induced by the same path or multipath, just by considering transpositions.
Let us set about defining the -pulse of a given word and then for a given chord, for each . For each word we consider subwords satisfying the following three conditions. Firstly, both the initial and the final letters in are equal to . Secondly, for each we have . Thirdly, between any two successive 's in there is exactly one . We define the -pulse of a such a subword to be equal to the number of times appears in . We define the -pulse of to be the maximal -pulse arising among all such subwords of and denote it by . Even when satisfies these criteria and is maximal with respect to inclusion among all such subwords, it need not realise the -pulse of .
Lemma 5
Suppose that represent the same chord, that is . Then, there is a natural one-to-one correspondence between subwords of and subwords of . In particular, this restricts to a correspondence between subwords of satisfying our three criteria and subwords of satisfying our three criteria and preserves their -pulse, each .
Proof Any two elements of a chord are related by a finite sequence of
transpositions. The result follows by an induction on the length of
such sequences. Note that each transposition fixes every subword
satisfying our three criteria and so preserves -pulse, each .
For , we define the -pulse of a given chord to be equal to the -pulse of one (hence any) representative word, and denote this by . We have just seen that this is well-defined.
Let us complete this section with a few examples and remarks. Chords may be represented and are determined by words from . For instance, and represent the same chord since the first and the second may be transposed. The words and represent different chords although their -pulses both equal . The words and define different chords although both their -pulses and their lengths are equal. When chords are induced by a given geodesic, the tightness property prevents repetition. If we bound the -pulse on a chord, each , then we bound its length.
Lastly, note that pulse is symmetric and almost additive: For each , the -pulse of the concatenation of two words is either the sum of each -pulse or one more than this sum. The -pulse of a word or chord should always be regarded as zero and, for each , the -pulse of a chord is at most the -pulse. Summing the -pulses over each component of closely approximates .
Lemma 6
Suppose that is a multigeodesic tight at . Then , where the summations are taken over the components of .
. Train tracks relative to the ends of a geodesic in the curve graph. Let us fix a smooth structure on . A train track in is a smooth branched -submanifold such that the Euler characteristic of the smooth double of each component of is negative. This rules out discs, once-punctured discs and discs with one or two boundary singularities as complementary regions. Train tracks were introduced by Thurston to study geodesic laminations.
It is standard to refer to the branch points of a train track as switches and the edges between switches as branches. We say that is generic if each switch has valence three. By sliding branches along branches, if need be, we can take a train track and return a generic train track. This is a convenient option since it greatly simplifies our counting arguments. A train subpath is a continuous map on a closed interval such that is a switch for each for each switch and .
A smooth simple closed loop is carried by if there exists a smooth map homotopic to the identity map on such that is an immersion and . We refer to as a carrying map or supporting map. If carries then we have a measure on the branch set of by counting the number of times the subpath traverses any given branch. This measure satisfies a switch condition: At each switch, the total inward measure is equal to the total outward measure.
We recall a useful combinatorial lemma relating the number of switches and the number of branches of a train track to the Euler characteristic of . This is Corollary 1.1.3 from [PenH].
Lemma 7
Let be any train track in , let denote the number of switches and the number of branches. Then:
i). ;
ii). .
Let be any multipath in and choose smooth and simple realisations for , each , such that for each , for each and for each . We construct a train track which will carry all of and all those subarcs of each () which end on and which are trapped between subarcs of over large distances.
There exists a smooth surjection homotopic to the identity map such that the restriction of to is an immersion onto a smooth branched -submanifold of with the characterising property that any two components of homotopic relative to are carried into the same edge of and is to be disjoint from . Each branch point necessarily belongs to one component of and each component of contains at most one branch point. We now check that defines a train track, with each branch point viewed as a switch and each edge thought of as a branch, and that is unique up to isotopy.
Lemma 8
is a train track.
Proof Note that no region complementary to can be diffeomorphic to a disc with smooth boundary or a monogon (disc with one outward pointing singularity) by the minimality of .
Suppose for contradiction that is a bigon component, that is a disc with two outward pointing singularities, of . The twos subarcs of connecting the two singularities of are homotopic to one another relative to . Hence must intersect , for otherwise these two subarcs of would have been collapsed into a single branch of . Since and are disjoint, so and are disjoint. Hence contains a component of which is therefore homotopically trivial. This is absurd, and we conclude that is a train track.
Lemma 9
Suppose that () are two such realisations for and that and are the resulting train tracks, respectively. Then and are isotopic.
Proof This follows since and
are isotopic.
It is worth pointing out that the same construction for () will not necessarily yield a train track but instead a bigon train track, that is we allow the complementary regions to be bigons. Each complementary bigon will contain at least one point from and there would be at most bigons.
To each switch of we can associate the set , which we henceforth denote by . Let us assume that are such that is minimal for each switch . Orientate and use this orientation to ennumerate the points of . This gives us a word in . Thus, for each integer , we may associate to the switch the -pulse of the chord .
We may use pulse on switches to define measures on the branch set of . Suppose that and are adjacent switches of connected by a branch . In what follows, the topological closure of in is denoted .
Lemma 10
For each integer , the -pulse of is equal to the -pulse of .
Proof For each , define to
be the end on of the subarc of the
containing , beginning at and collapsing to . We
denote this arc by . The arc crosses a second arc
only if the corresponding multicurves and
satisfy .
We define the -pulse of the branch to be equal to the -pulse associated to , or indeed the -pulse associated to , and denote it by . This measure on the branch set of satisfies a coarse switch condition. For any switch we may choose one of two directions at and partition the branches incident on as outgoing and incoming. Denote the corresponding branches by and , respectively.
Lemma 11
"Coarse switch condition." For each integer , we have:
i). ;
ii). ;
In particular, if is generic we have the following.
Corollary 12
Suppose that is generic and that and are outgoing. For each we have:
i). ;
ii). ;
iii). .
We shall only require Corollary 12i). and we prove it directly.
Proof Suppose that is a trivalent switch with outgoing branches
and and incoming branch . Each component of
either goes on to be supported by
or by . All those components of that are trapped between components of
go on to be supported by
(). However, where these components of
diverge subarcs of may escape. This reduces the total outgoing
-pulse by at most one, if at all. That is, we have part i). of Corollary 11.
Each arc supported by and whose ends each lie on components of containing a switch of defines a train subpath of . For a train path in we define the support of to be the set of all subarcs of each () with . Suppose that is a train path with . We call the branch of containing the th branch of . For each integer and each we define the -pulse of the th branch of to be equal to the -pulse of either end of . We denote this by . Note Lemma 10 tells us that this is well defined. Note also that is precisely the -pulse of the th branch traversed by , each .
Lemma 13
"Trains run out of fuel." Let be any train path in . Then:
i). for all and all ;
ii). as .
Proof Each time arrives at a switch of , subarcs of
that have so far induced may diverge and there can be no gain in
pulse. Hence i). holds. If for all then, since
is orientable, we conclude that has two freely
homotopic components and this is absurd. Hence
ii). holds.
The sum of all -pulses over each branch of resembles a
reduced intersection number for and relative to
. Suppose that is large. Then most of the
regions complementary to are squares. Whenever
meets an edge of one of these squares, necessarily from
, it must go on to meet the edge opposite. Consider a sequence
of closed squares whose interiors are
complementary to and such that , each . Whenever meets one of the outer
edges of then remains trapped in and goes on to meet each edge before
exiting at the other outer edge. However, the components of all collapse into a single branch of . Now
suppose that is met by . If any two such components of
are separated by a subarc of then the -pulse on
this branch is precisely one less than the number of components of
Proof of Lemma 1. Let be any multigeodesic in tight at with . Let be any realisation for , each , such that for each , each and each . Recall the construction of the train track relative to and and carrying all of , as described in . We can endow each branch of with a family of measures and each of these satisfies a coarse switch condition. For any train subpath of we defined a time measure associated to by considering those subarcs of each that induce via .
We define the function by the recurrence relation
for all , with the boundary condition and where denotes the Euler characteristic of .
Lemma 14
Let . Suppose that all the branches of have -pulse at most and that at least one branch of has -pulse at least . Then there exists a subarc of disjoint from and whose ends lie on, but is otherwise disjoint from, one component of .
Proof We remark that was chosen to guarrantee the existence of a circuit such that . Hence contains at least two subarcs of beginning and ending on the same component of and homotopic relative to that trap a subarc of whose ends lie on the same component of .
Corollary 15
The -pulse on each branch of is at most , each .
Proof Suppose, for contradiction, that there exists and a branch of whose -pulse is at least . We take to be maximal subject to this property. Now by Lemma 14 we deduce that there exists a subarc of beginning and ending on the same component of and disjoint from . When is empty we know that the union of and the subinterval of connecting its ends defines a curve, denoted , and we know that this curve has zero intersection with both and . We have found a multipath of length two. Since we have a contradiction.
When is non-empty we only have to be slightly more careful since may be peripheral. Instead, if we define by the recurrence relation
with the same boundary condition ,
then we can ask for the second return to the same component of . By considering the boundary components of a
regular neighbourhood of the union of and the subinterval of
connecting the ends of , we again find a curve
which again has zero intersection with both and
Corollary 16
Suppose that is a multigeodesic tight at . Then if and if .
Proof Let us consider . We have seen that the
-pulse on each branch of is at most . Since
is tight at we have is a branch of .
We conclude the proof of Lemma 1.
Proof (of Lemma 1). Since
and we have . Hence , each , suffices.
The proof of Theorem 2 and Theorem 3. In this section, we prove the main implications of Lemma 1: We establish a finiteness result for tight multigeodesics and we establish the computability of distances in the curve graph.
Lemma 17
There exists an explicit increasing function such that the following holds. Let be any tight multigeodesic. Then, for all .
Proof This follows by an inductive argument using Lemma 1, noting that
for . Now defined by will
By considering instead, we deduce the following.
Corollary 18
There exists an explicit increasing function such that the following holds. Let be any tight multigeodesic. Then, and for all .
Let and be any two vertices of the curve graph. The
set of multipaths of length at most
connecting to for which each multicurve verifies
the bounds in Corollary 18 has size uniformly and explicitly bounded in terms of
, and . In particular,
this set contains all the tight multigeodesics connecting to
and we are left to look for these in a bounded search
space. This concludes the proof of Theorem 2. Since tight
multigeodesics are distance realising multipaths, we deduce Theorem
The computability of stable lengths. Given a metric space and an isometry we define the stable length, , of to be equal to . See [BGS] for more details. It is easily verified that that does not depend on the choice of . We say that a mapping class is pseudo-Anosov if for any two curves and we have as (see [FLP]). We consider endowed with usual path-metric, and prove the computability of the stable length of any given pseudo-Anosov mapping class.
Let us first recall a few results. In [Bow1], not only is the hyperbolicity of the curve complex re-established but it is also shown that one can compute hyperbolicity constants. In [Bow2], it is established that there exists a positive integer such that for each pseudo-Anosov mapping class , has a geodesic axis in . This implies the stable lengths of pseudo-Anosov mapping classes are both positive and uniformly rational. It is not known how to compute . Lastly, in a -hyperbolic geodesic metric space each geodesic rectangle is -narrow (so that any point on any one side of the rectangle is within of the union of the other three). We now state the result in full:
Theorem 19
There is an algorithm which takes as input and a pseudo-Anosov mapping class and returns .
Proof Fix a choice of such that is -hyperbolic. Choose an integer . Let us suppose that is the power of a pseudo-Anosov. Then, is again pseudo-Anosov and has a geodesic axis denoted . Choose any curve and construct a geodesic from to in . A central vertex of must lie within of . Now construct a geodesic from to . We have . Hence . As is an integer, so .
Further, and so .
Combining the two inequalities, we have . Hence .
Notice that in the above we do not find an axis . It would
interesting to find a way of doing so.
[BF] M. Bestvina, K. Fujiwara, Bounded cohomology of subgroups of the mapping class groups : Geometry & Topology 6 (2002) 69 - 89.
[BGS] W. Ballmann, M. Gromov, V. Schröder, Manifolds of non-positive curvature : Progress in Mathematics 61, Birkhäuser (1985).
[Bow1] B. H. Bowditch, Intersection numbers and the hyperbolicity of the curve complex : Preprint, Southampton (2002).
[Bow2] B. H. Bowditch, Tight geodesics in the curve complex : Preprint, Southampton (2003).
[Bow3] B. H. Bowditch, Length bounds on curves arising from tight geodesics : Preprint, Southampton (2003).
[FLP] A. Fathi, F. Laudenbach, V. Poénaru, Travaux de Thurston sur les surfaces (seconde édition) : Asterisque 66-67, Société mathématique de France (1991).
[Ham] U. Hamenstädt, Train tracks and the Gromov boundary of the complex of curves : Preprint (2004).
[Hare] J. L. Harer, The virtual cohomological dimension of the mapping class groups of an orientable surface : Inventiones Mathematicae 84 (1986) 157-176.
[Harv] W. J. Harvey, Boundary structure of the modular group : in "Riemann surfaces and related topics: Proceedings of the 1978 Stony Brook Conference" (ed. I. Kra, B. Maskit), Annals of Mathematical Studies No. 97, Princeton University Press (1981) 245-251.
[Iva] N. V. Ivanov, Automorphisms of complexes of curves and of Teichmüller spaces : International Mathematics Research Notices (1997) 651-666.
[Kla] E. Klarreich, The boundary at infinity of the curve complex and the relative Teichmüller space : Preprint (1999).
[Lea] J. Leasure, Geodesics in the complex of curves of a surface : PhD thesis (2002).
[MaMi1] H. A. Masur, Y. N. Minsky, Geometry of the complex of curves I: Hyperbolicity : Inventiones Mathematicae 138 (1999) 103-149.
[MaMi2] H. A. Masur, Y. N. Minsky, Geometry of the complex of curves II: Hierarchical structure : Geometry & Functional Analysis 10 (2000) 902-974.
[PenH] R. C. Penner, J. L. Harer, Combinatorics of train tracks : Annals of Mathematical Studies, Princeton University Press (1992).
[R] Mary Rees, The geometric model and large Lipschitz equivalence direct from Teichmüller geodesics : Preprint (2004).


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In patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, cessation of mepolizumab may lead to increased exacerbations and reductions in asthma control, according to results of the COMET* trial.
COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Singapore, while relatively rare, may be largely due to transmission via household/family or social interaction, a study showed.
Patients with COVID-19 who experience an ischaemic stroke may have worse outcomes, including greater stroke severity and mortality risk, than those without COVID-19, findings from the Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry showed.
A 4-week course of amoxicillin-clavulanate in children with protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) does not improve cough resolution rates compared with a 2-week course, according to a study from Australia. However, the longer course may significantly extend time to first cough exacerbation.


text:
Article content
DUBAI — Boasting the priciest designer stores, no expense was spared when Dubai built the swanky Gate Avenue mall, positioned to serve affluent bankers who always had money to burn.
But the downtown mall gleaming with marble in the Middle East's biggest financial center was largely empty at peak shopping time early on Sunday evening and that is no longer an unusual sight.
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Dubai's big spenders tighten purse strings Back to video
The retail economy of one of the world's leading shopping capitals has suffered from lower oil and property prices.
Even at popular mega malls such as the Mall of the Emirates, home to an indoor ski park, and the Dubai Mall, known for its dancing fountains, there are more empty shops and more frequent turnover of tenants. Sales signs abound.
"Consumers are much more cost-conscious," said Alain Bejjani, CEO of Majid Al Futtaim, which operates six malls in Dubai.
The introduction of a 5% value-added tax last year and weaker consumer confidence in an economy which grew 1.94% in 2018, the slowest since 2009, have hurt retailers.


text:
Unhealthy' behaviours fuelling disease burden
- In 2019, non-communicable diseases accounted for 2.7 million deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Researchers attribute unhealthy health behaviours to the rise of noncommunicable diseases
- Evidence on how healthcare and welfare systems can provide care to those vulnerable is key, scientist says
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[NAIROBI] Failure to change unhealthy behaviours, particularly those related to diet quality, caloric intake and physical activity is fuelling the rise in non-communicable disease globally, a scientist says.
Christopher Murray, who was the lead author of a study that identified a worldwide rise in non-communicable diseases, says most of the related risk factors are preventable and treatable, and tackling them will bring huge social and economic benefits.
"We are failing to change unhealthy behaviours, particularly those related to diet quality, caloric intake and physical activity, in part due to inadequate policy attention and funding for public health and behavioural research," says Murray, director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.
"Before COVID-19, most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa were already struggling with the provision of services for chronic diseases."
Gershim Asiki, African Population and Health Research Center
Non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease were responsible for 2.7 million deaths, representing 35 per cent of all deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2019, according to Awoke Misganaw Temesgen, the study's co-author and a clinical assistant professor at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington.
Nigeria had 18 per cent of all such deaths, with the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia and South Africa each having eight per cent of the deaths.
"The GBD [Global Burden of Death] study, the most comprehensive worldwide observational epidemiological study to date, analysed 286 causes of death, 369 diseases and injuries, and 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, and reveals how well the world's population were prepared in terms of underlying health for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic," says Temesgen.
Researchers used 30,652 distinct data sources to estimate the burden of diseases across countries and regions.
Temesgen tells SciDev.Net that the study identified a worldwide rise in non-communicable diseases and related risk factors over the past three decades, bringing challenges to health systems.
Collectively, risks factors such as high blood sugar, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol accounted for nearly 20 per cent of total health loss worldwide in 2019 — nearly 50 per cent higher than in 1990, Temesgen adds.
Western Sub-Saharan Africa countries had most deaths with 1.1 million deaths while in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa countries, it was close to one million deaths, adds the study, published in The Lancet last month (17 October).
Temesgen explains that with the disruption of health services by COVID-19, it has become more difficult for people with non-communicable diseases to access healthcare urgently.
"Addressing non-communicable diseases will result in more robust health systems and healthier people as well as making us more resilient to COVID-19 and other future pandemic threats," Temesgen says.
Gershim Asiki, a research scientist who leads the non-communicable diseases research programme at Kenya's African Population and Health Research Center, says that the region is experiencing a rise in non-communicable diseases but, this is not matched with an appropriate health system response.
"Before COVID-19, most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa were already struggling with the provision of services for chronic diseases. They face significant resource constraints, health workforce shortfalls and a fragmented care delivery for chronic diseases, which are further stretched by the pandemic," explains Asiki.He says that researchers in Sub-Saharan Africa should generate more evidence on the burden of chronic diseases, their economic impacts and how healthcare and welfare systems can be tailored to provide the best care to vulnerable populations.
This piece was produced by SciDev.Net's Sub-Saharan Africa English desk.
Christopher Murray and others Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (The Lancet, 17 October 2020)


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25 September 2020
As a result of a generous donation from the Sigrid Rausing Trust, the Mongolia & Inner Asia Studies Unit is delighted to announce the appointment of Dr Joe Ellis as its first Early-Career Postdoctoral Fellow. The post runs for four years. As well as playing a full role in the MIASU's research activities and...
30 June 2020
ORAL HISTORY OF TWENTIETH CENTURY MONGOLIA WEBSITE There have been some operational problems with the site in recent weeks, our apologies for this. We are pleased to announce the site is now up and running again here
4 May 2020
Though far from her home in Buryatia (in Eastern Siberia, Russia), Dr Sayana Namsaraeva is devoting her time to supporting Cambridge residents. When the pandemic broke out she decided to help out by turning to her sewing-machine. First of all, she made over 150 masks for friends, colleagues, local school teachers and more...
27 April 2020
In May 2020 this AHRC 4 year project begins and seeks to ethnographically explore the politics of linking health and cultural heritage. More specifically, it aims to understand how the politics of culture affect health-related practices by asking: In what ways do geopolitical forces and national constructions of culture...
All MIASU fortnightly live seminars are cancelled for the rest of the Easter term.
27 February 2020
There will be NO MIASU SEMINAR on Tuesday March 10, it has been cancelled due to strike action. Apologies for the inconvenience. The seminar which was to be given by Dr Agnieszka Joniak–Lüthi and Dr Thomas White will now go ahead during the Easter term, on 5 May.
13 February 2020
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31 January 2020
is on 11 February with Yong Zhou : Institutionalizing Indigenous Peoples' Rights in China: From a PaternalisticEvolutionist Paradigm to Self-determined Development
28 January 2020
The MIASU reading group run by Dr Joseph Bristley continues this term, with the second session taking place in the Mond Seminar Room, Free School Lane on Thursday 30th January 2020 (17:00 – 18:00). All are welcome, and there is no need to register.
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is on Tuesday 28 January with Sayana Namsaraeva: Dystopian Mongolia: Reconceptualization of the Home Country by Mongolian Asylum Seekers in the UK
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This is a significant development as India now joins the select club of nations, along with the US, Russia, France, the UK and China that have completed the nuclear triad. Being the only Asian country, apart from China, to achieve this feat, it gives India a powerful second-strike nuclear capability. Though India has a firm No First Use policy, it's joining the nuclear triad club, would certainly provide a credible minimum deterrent against its nuclear neighbors, China and Pakistan.
What is also significant is that the Arihant, which in Sanskrit means "Slayer of Enemies", is the result of an indigenous program that India embarked in the early 1980s, at a time when the country was faced with various technology denial regimes. The submarine, developed in collaboration between India's Defence Research Development Organisation, the Indian Navy, the Department of Atomic Energy and other private partners, thereby is a confirmation of the country's defence technological expertise as well as its ability to synergize between public and private players to accomplish such goals. This achievement is also likely to have phenomenal spin offs for the country's conventional submarine building programme and the local industry.
The nuclear reactor of INS Arihant went critical in August 2013 and the submarine completed its deterrence patrol in October 2018, i.e. in 5 years. As compared to China and other members of the elite nuclear triad club, this timeline is one of the fastest. According to latest Indian media reports the submarine is 110 mtrs long, making it one of the smallest ballistic missile submarines in the world, thus difficult to detect and target in the vastness of the oceans.
There is no doubt that INS Arihant has dramatically enhanced India's security infrastructure. The country is already in the process of building its second SSBN, which will further add to its credible seagoing nuclear deterrence. Coming at a time when China is flexing its muscle in the Indo-Pacific, India's entry into the nuclear triad will provide the much need counter force in the region, while fulfilling its goal of strategic invulnerability.


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Friday 19 July, 7.00-9.00pm Free entry International Anthony Burgess Foundation 3 Cambridge Street Manchester M1 5BY United Kingdom Join us at the launch of Impossible Spaces, a new collection of short stories from Hic Dragones. Sometimes the rules can change. … Continue reading
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Hic Dragones presents… A Night of Strange and Dark Fictions
as part of Prestwich Book Festival Monday 27th May, 7.30pm Prestwich British Legion (near Heaton Park tram station) 225 Bury Old Road Prestwich M25 1JE Tickets £6 (+ booking fee) in advance from the festival's Eventbrite shop Come and listen … Continue reading
Hic Dragones presents… Twisted Tales of Cannibalism
Thought I'd post something about an event I'm co-organizing in Manchester on Wednesday 24th April. It's a free event, and will feature three fantastic UK writers. If you'll be anywhere near Manchester on the 24th, you should come along… A … Continue reading


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UPDATE: 12/1/20 - [OAHU] - The Mokuleia side of Ka'ena Point will be CLOSED Wed. Dec. 2 for filming of Magnum PI. - WARNING - Dangerously High Surf is expected for North and West facing shores of Oahu Wed. Dec 2 and Thurs. Dec 3.
11/23/20 - [MAUI] - Iao Valley State Monument is now OPEN. Paid parking by credit card only.
11/20/20 - [OAHU] - Waahila Ridge State Recreation Area will be CLOSED Monday 11/23 through Wednesday 11/25 to complete on-going HECO work. --- Previous: The Waahila Ridge State Recreation Area has on-going HECO work and access is limited. The Waahila Ridge Trail is CLOSED during weekdays and OPEN on the weekends. The park area is OPEN during weekdays however the gates will remain CLOSED. Access gates will be OPEN on the weekend.
11/3/20 - [HAWAII] - Hapuna Beach State Recreation Area is now OPEN however restroom services are limited to portable toilets due to a recent water main break. Repairs are underway but not complete.
10/13/20 - New Park Fees Are In Effect! - Diamond Head State Monument remains CLOSED until further notice.
9/24/20 - [OAHU] - Starting Sept. 24th groups of five people will be allowed in OPEN State Parks, as well as, State Beaches and Trails. Canopy-type structures are not permitted at this time at State parks, beaches and trails.
COVID-19 LEADS TO PARKS AND FACILITIES CLOSURES SYSTEM WIDEPosted on Mar 20, 2020
Diamond Head State Monument Among Closed Parks
(Honolulu) – To facilitate social distancing recommendations, The Hawaii Division of State Parks is announcing the closure of all State Parks, Recreation Areas, State Monuments, Historic Parks and Wilderness Areas, and Recreational Piers to help reduce the potential spread of COVID-19.
- State Parks Offices statewide are closed to in-person access
- Caretakers will continue to maintain, monitor and service parks during these closures.
- Camping and pavilion use permits are suspended.
- Vendors and concessions have been contacted with cease-of-operations instructions.
- All parks will be closed effective March 20, 2020
Chairperson Suzanne Case commented, "While we are disappointed to have to close parks and facilities and to cancel hunts, camping, special use permits and events, due to the necessity of social distancing, the health and safety of our staff serving the public and the safety of the community is our highest priority. We continue working very closely with other state agencies and will provide updates about any additional closures or restrictions that might be necessary to keep everyone safe."


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Heart to heart. Hand in hand. With heart-warming eyes and gentle hands, compassion holds those with unconditional love, understanding, and openness. Compassion softens the angry, accepts vulnerability, and embraces the very real experience of simply being human. If you've ever had the pleasure of being around someone with true compassion, you've probably felt a beautiful sense of safety, as though they see you and understand you for who you truly are. Whether you're in recovery for a mental illness or addiction, of if you're simply seeking to restore your mind, body, and spirit, love and compassion are vital aspects to your journey to wellness.
Love and compassion do not always have to come from family members – it can come from the healthcare professionals at your treatment center, or your colleagues at work, even a stranger you come across. Many of us are wired with an innate ability to love and give compassion, so we are able to generate these kind acts in others the more we practice them, too. Margaret Cullen, a therapist and senior teacher at Stanford University's Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, stated for the Yoga Journal, "Compassion can be looked at as a quality of the heart and also a skill to be cultivated. The more you practice compassion, the more you unveil or access the natural and spontaneous human wish to help others. You live closer to it…this is really the medicine the world needs."
Love and compassion isn't just meant for others, it's meant to be given to ourselves, too. If you can find love and compassion for yourself, you are more likely to increase your self-esteem, forgive yourself when you make mistakes, treat your body and mind kindlier, and seize the opportunities and moments that give you strength. Put simply, love and compassion are the gifts that keep giving:
- The more we practice love and compassion for ourselves, the more likely we are to reap the benefits of that and also share love and compassion for others.
- The more we practice love and compassion for others, the greater the chance that this kindness will spread, affecting even more lives more positively.
Sometimes the most beautiful, thoughtful, priceless gifts come from within. Begin taking steps to incorporate more love and compassion in your life today.
Avalon Integrative Wellness offers an innovative approach to wellness and the exciting brand shift of our program emphasizes the importance of integrative wellness through experiential frameworks. Clients at Avalon Integrative Wellness learn, act, experience, grow, heal, and evolve, concurrently. If you're ready to optimize your health and well-being, call us today at 888-266-9048.


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One year after he killed two peers his own age, Joseph Williams has been sentenced to two consecutive life sentences. He also faces 18 to 36 years for tampering with evidence, recklessly endangering others, and related charges.
On May 4, 2018, Williams pulled the trigger to end the lives of Zyisean McDuffie and Tommy Ballard. All three teenagers were 19 years old.
McDuffle wanted to start his own flatbed service, according to his mother. Ballard wanted to work with his father after high school graduation.
"Mr. Williams, in a brief moment, stripped both of them of their dreams," said Deputy District Attorney Antonetta Stancu. "Enough is enough. The community in Bucks County, the community in Bristol Township needs to know that all lives are valued. We will not stand for any lives being taken away."
The incident shook Winder Village last May when Williams and his victims faced off outside a home on Elmhurst Avenue.
According to initial reports, Williams and several others were on the lawn outside. Some were eating Chinese food. Others were in their prom attire and taking photographs.
Then, a grey Chrysler 300 arrived to the scene, according to an affidavit. McDuffle, Ballard, and Jahmier Wilson, 23 exited the vehicle.
The situation quickly escalated as Wilson called out Williams for an argument, and McDuffle began arguing with other men at the scene. Then, Williams drew his gun.
He fired several rounds at Wilson, but was unsuccessful in his attempt. A jury convicted Williams for attempted murder in this incident.
Then, one man with Williams' group name Gary Goddard pulled his own weapon and fired at McDuffle, who fell to the ground. Goddard put several more rounds into his victim, but did not kill him.
Goddard, 49, will face sentencing later this year for attempting to kill McDuffle. A bullet fired from his weapon entered McDuffle's skull, but was not the fatal shot. Instead, ballistics revealed Williams ultimately killed McDuffle.
Williams must serve his sentence without the possibility of parole.


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text: …seshanghai sheets. but i'm tired of letting go.why don't we say what we meanand do what we say?see, broken promises don't destroy people,people do. i want morethan the boys i've let caterpillar in.i'm sickof being the cocoon of reason,the fema…Of Caterpillars & Butterflies1296C. DuhnneTre L. LoadholtAug 23, 2017·1 min readThis right here, Charlley… undeniable truth. I love how the poem builds up to reach these lines.


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For most employers, your skills and experience are essential for assessing your suitability for a role. Finding a candidate with the right attitude, personality, and who is a good match with the company's values and culture is paramount.
No matter how strong a resume may be, if an employer finds your online presence inappropriate or offensive – you could be jeopardizing your chances of landing the role or even getting an interview. If there are several quality candidates all vying for the same position, an employer will be actively seeking ways to filter down their selection - many employers are now turning to personal social media accounts to influence their hiring decision.
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I think we're grasping at the proverbial straw to consider him.
The expression "fidus Achates" has become proverbial for a loyal and devoted companion.
It became proverbial " that nothing could be done in the world without the help of God and of the king of Bohemia."
Her name has become proverbial in the sense of a nagging, quarrelsome woman.
The skill of the natives as seamen is proverbial in the archipelago.
The cowardice of this hyena is proverbial; despite its powerful teeth, it rarely attempts to defend itself.
Another feature of his works was the large number of excellent sentiments expressed in a brief proverbial form; the Pythagoreans claimed him as a member of their school, who had forsaken the study of philosophy for the writing of comedy.
Though in public prayers and on the coins the name of the caliph remained as that of the supreme authority, he had in reality no authority out of the palace, so that the saying became proverbial, "he contents himself with sermon and coin."
Tiberias is notoriously dirty and proverbial for its fleas, whose king is said by the Arabs to hold his court here.
It was the proverbial straw.
As far as scientific advancements go, that would be right up there with the proverbial sliced bread.
This circumstance gave rise to a number of proverbial expressions, like Avriicbpas oe bei or "naviget Anticyram," and to frequent allusions in the Greek and Latin writers.
If something even more untoward than what the scene implied had actually occurred last evening, Dean would find himself squeezed between the proverbial rock and a hard place.
This leads to the proverbial "lean years" and "fat years."
In spite of the aforementioned snags, life was a proverbial bucket of roses.
But much as he hated to do so, it was time to eat the proverbial crow and make peace.
Nearly all the moisture that is precipitated during six or seven months is stored up in the form of snow, and is gradually diffused in the course of the succeeding summer; even in the hottest and driest seasons the reserves accumulated during a long preceding period of years in the form of glaciers are available to maintain the regular flow of the greater streams. Nor is this all; the lakes that fill several of the main valleys on the southern side of the Alps are somewhat above the level of the plains of Lombardy and Venetia, and afford an inexhaustible supply of water, which, from a remote period, has been used for that system of irrigation to which they owe their proverbial fertility.
"To fight like a wild cat" is proverbial, and wild cats are described as some of the most ferocious and untamable of all animals.
But Lynceus, whose keenness of sight was proverbial, saw Castor through the trunk and warned his brother, who thereupon slew the mortal Castor; finally, Pollux slew Lynceus, and Idas was struck by lightning (Apollodorus iii.
They were proverbial for wickedness, for which they were destroyed by a rain of "fire and brimstone" (Gen.
The proverbial "Little Timmy" will find it hard to believe that food isn't manufactured like electronics but grown like an animal.
As the proverbial whistle.
According to another story Thetis dipped the child in the waters of the river Styx, by which his whole body became invulnerable, except that part of his heel by which she held him; whence the proverbial "heel of Achilles" (Statius, Achilleis, i.
His simple and forcible mode of expressing himself gave birth to the proverbial expression "Scythian eloquence," but his epigrams are as unauthentic as the letters which are often attributed to him.
Horace (Epistles, ii.) criticizes his old schoolmaster and describes him as plagosus (a flogger), and Orbilius has become proverbial as a disciplinarian pedagogue.
Dean just smiled, wondering how Ginger and Joseph would know where brother and sister-in-law were if they themselves hadn't lied like the proverbial rug and done the exact same thing as the pair they were accusing.
He frankly acknowledges his obligations to all his predecessors in a phrase that deserves to be proverbial (Praef.
Stesichorus completed the form of the choral ode by adding the epode to the strophe and antistrophe; and "you do not even know Stesichorus's three" passed into a proverbial expression for unpardonable ignorance (unless the words simply mean, "you do not even know three lines, or poems, of Stesichorus").
The plain is thus exceptionally well irrigated, and its consequent fertility is proverbial over the East.
In amber, as proved by the deposits on the shores of the Baltic, the proverbial "fly" is more numerous than any other creatures, and with very few exceptions representatives of all the existing families have been found.
At the time, we felt so infallible in our rightness we grabbed the proverbial bull by the horns exposing ourselves to a wealth of trouble.
On Solomon's relation to philosophical and proverbial literature, see PROVERBS.
The foreign policy of this period brought about the complete isolation of Austria, and the ingratitude towards Russia, as shown during the period of the Crimean War, which has become proverbial, caused a permanent estrangement between the two great Eastern empires and the imperial families.
from north to south (the proverbial " Dan to Beersheba "), with a breadth varying from 25 to 80 m., i.e.
The cunning and stratagem of the fox have been proverbial for many ages, and he has figured as a central character in fables from the earliest times, as in Aesop, down to "Uncle Remus," most notably as Reynard (Raginohardus, strong in counsel) in the great medieval beast-epic "Reynard the Fox" (q.v.).
But all knights were also knights of the spur or " equites aurati," because their spurs were golden or gilt, - the spurs of squires being of silver or white metal, - and these became their peculiar badge in popular estimation and proverbial speech.
However, the Hebrews themselves have preserved, in the proverbial expression " from Dan to Beersheba " (Judg.
Cursor's strictness was proverbial; he was a man of immense bodily strength, while his bravery was AII.
As this was placed at the end of the ordinary (not the numeral) Greek alphabet, "alpha and omega" has become a proverbial phrase for first and last.
They have also retained many ancient sayings, proverbial in their style, which enforce many of the truths of natural religion as to the attributes of God.
The opinion of Aristotle on the barrenness of money became proverbial, and was quoted with approval throughout the middle ages.
Stock proverbial sayings such as "Out of Galilee cometh no prophet" (though Deborah, Jonah, Elisha, and probably Hosea, were Galileans) were apparently common.
It's like the proverbial car wreck no one can look away from.
The Maxwells were pursued into Lockerbie and almost exterminated; hence "Lockerbie Lick" became a proverbial expression, signifying an overwhelming defeat.
Its converts nevertheless included many of the Bosnian nobles and the ban Kulin (1180-1204), whose reign was long proverbial for its prosperity, owing to the flourishing state of commerce and agriculture, and the extensive mining operations carried on by the Ragusans.
They seem also never to walk or run when on the ground, but always to hop. The bodyfeathers are commonly loose and soft; and, gaily coloured as are most of the species, in few of them has the plumage the metallic glossiness it generally presents in the pies, while the proverbial beauty of the "jay's wing" is due to the vivid tints of blue - turquoise and cobalt, heightened by bars of jet-black, an indication of the same style of ornament being observable in the greater FIG.
They are formidable weapons, of coarse manufacture, but with richly ornamented handles; and they frequently bear proverbial inscriptions suitable to their murderous appearance.
Yet his liberality to his ministers and servants was proverbial, and his vanquished enemies he always treated with magnificent generosity.
The panic-stricken severity of minorities is proverbial, but it is not to be forgotten that the Irish Protestants had been turned out of house and home twice within fifty years.
His proverbial sayings, in particular, a great number of which were written down partly in Aramaic, partly in Hebrew, strongly affected the spirit both of his contemporaries and of the succeeding generations.
The fertility of this region is proverbial.
In his youth, he was in all probability the proverbial bad boy.
A Cancer sign profile reflects the proverbial crab.
In reality, comparing Bollywood movies to Hollywood movies is a bit akin to comparing the proverbial apples and oranges.
Sometimes they will work wonderfully, but other times they end up with that proverbial "huh?" coming from the crowd.
This is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg.
When it comes to MySpace page coolness, less is the proverbial more.
Water under the proverbial.
Since video games for the PC can cost anywhere from twenty to sixty dollars, the advent of free kids' games online is a proverbial godsend to parents as well as their children.
Not only are his sayings proverbial: his doctrine actually forms the most powerful religious influence in present-day Hinduism; and, though he founded no school and was never known as a guru or master, but professed himself the humble follower of his teacher, Narhari-Das, 2 from whom as a boy in Sukar-khet he heard the tale of Rama's doings, he is everywhere accepted as an inspired and authoritative guide in religion and conduct of life.
Of insects Africa has many thousand different kinds; of these the locust is the proverbial scourge of the continent, and the ravages of the termites or white ants are almost incredible.
Bulldogs were formerly employed in bull-baiting, and the tenacity of their grip is proverbial.
The laws of Zaleucus, which he declared had been communicated to him in a dream by Athena, the patron goddess of the city, were few and simple, but so severe that, like those of Draco, they became proverbial.
Their leaves are deciduous, alternate, simple, and generally much longer than broad, whence the term willow-leaved has become proverbial.
The best extant specimen is the Argonautica of Apollonius Rhodius; the most characteristic is the Alexandra or Cassandra of Lycophron, the obscurity of which is almost proverbial.
He was learned, as learning was understood among the Italian clergy of the 18th century; but he was destitute of critical faculty, and the inaccuracy of his quotations is proverbial.
His unnatural and exaggerated style became proverbial.
From this barbarous act, the expression Lemnian deeds, Artµvta 'pya, became proverbial.
His small fees - he once charged $3.50 for collecting an account of nearly $600.00 - his frequent refusals to take cases which he did not think right and his attempts to prevent unnecessary litigation have become proverbial.
Hill@l's patience has become proverbial.
The patience of the ass, the high spirit of the horse, the obstinacy of the mule, have long been proverbial.
So here I am, with proverbial pen to paper, musing about the final disposition of these scratching if I should crawl my way through to completion of the task.
Unfortunately, the potential mate must be brought into the fold, even if doing so sinks the proverbial ship.
You have been hiding your light under the proverbial bushel!
canary the proverbial canaries in a coal mine, the tiniest babies die first.
He's totally riding the proverbial coattails of an established name and probably fooling many.
Without manufacturing, our economy will be up the proverbial creek.
Built like the proverbial nightclub doorman, Austin has also adopted the " thou shalt not pass " mentality of that particular brethren.
Throughout the eighties members had been leaving in the proverbial droves.
fit like the proverbial glove.
The whole area is covered in stars, creating a proverbial stellar haystack.
Well, like the proverbial iceberg, what you see on the surface is only a fraction of what exists.
I went to the doctors after I collapsed at college, but it was the proverbial last straw.
Sadly, what were great economic strengths, have, to an extent, become proverbial millstones around the ' regional neck ' .
The El Dorado promised by communism remained a mirage until the whole edifice collapsed like the proverbial house of cards.
We need to engage with our culture and the issues it raises and faces, not bury our heads like the proverbial ostrich.
Having seen the less than satisfactory second half of the game, they must be as sick as the proverbial parrot.
Others best taken with the proverbial pinch of salt.
So as you can see the proverbial postage stamp covered more than half the entry.
Major events like hurricanes might be determined by tiny causes in the past such as the now proverbial flap of a butterfly's wing.
proverbial without a paddle!
proverbial saying " What's good for the goose is good for the gander " .
proverbial iceberg, what you see on the surface is only a fraction of what exists.
proverbial last straw is Brother Will's plan to make Crystal his fifth wife.
proverbial creek.
proverbial parrot.
proverbial pinch of salt.
The outburst of national grief on account of his death became proverbial (Zech.
In future lets remember that old proverbial saying " What's good for the goose is good for the gander " .
For a professional it is an essential tool, but it may be the proverbial sledgehammer to crack a walnut for many.
I think he gave someone's horse the proverbial double squiggle on air and that someone took offense.
This is the proverbial straw that breaks the camel's back.
Notwithstanding the proverbial ferocity of the wolf in a wild state, many instances are recorded of animals taken when quite young becoming tame and attached to the person who has brought them up, when they exhibit many of the ways of a dog.
18), which seem to have been proverbial for ferocity (Ps.
The air of Abdera was proverbial as causing stupidity; but among its citizens was the philosopher Democritus.
Sometimes they are proverbial sayings or moral adages, such as "Par divers moyens on arrive a pareille fin," "Qu'il ne faut juger de notre heur qu'apres la mort," "Le profit de l'on est le dommage de l'aultre."
Neddy, Jack, Dicky, &c.) for different varieties of the sub-genus Asinus, belonging to the horse tribe, and especially for the domestic ass; it differs from the' horse in its smaller size, long ears, the character of its tail, fur and markings, and its proverbial dulness and obstinacy.
Technical Maintenance Your web site is like the proverbial swan, serene on the surface but paddling like mad underneath.
The spindrift was pretty bad most of the time which gave us the proverbial ' face like a spanked ass ' look.
I think he gave someone 's horse the proverbial double squiggle on air and that someone took offense.
This is the proverbial straw that breaks the camel 's back.
Even though this pair of great friends may be shaking in their proverbial boots, Scooby and Shaggy always come through for Freddie, Daphne and Velma.
Drew's family and friends believed that she had hit the proverbial "rock bottom" after slashing her wrists and, once again, placed the troubled teen back into rehab.
Not that anything he's done is going to hurt his golf game, but it sure has hurt his pocket book with endorsements dropping like the proverbial flies.
In today's hectic world, generations within any community liken meeting new friends and potential mates to searching for the proverbial haystack-buried needle.
They have consistently produced the proverbial citrus-apple fruited white, with its overtones of grass-herb flavors.
If you were to offer such a smartphone to someone ten years ago, they would have been blown away by what such a device brings to the proverbial table.
Many new homeschoolers turn to Cathy Duffy because she gives honest, unbiased opinions on a variety of curriculum and has a reputation of shining the proverbial light on the best curriculums available.
If you've ever heard of the proverbial "two band-aids and a cork" bathing suit, you can see the concept in action with slingshot swimsuits.
You want it to represent your best writing because it's your proverbial foot in the door.
But all it takes is finding one prompt that is the proverbial goldmine for your talents to gush forth and thrust you into a whirlwind of awe-inspiring writing.
You may end up climbing that proverbial mountain and crossing the deepest valley.
Once he decides you're the one he's been seeking, it's like the proverbial dam breaks loose and all those emotions and passion he's been holding at bay break free as he sweeps you off your feet.
Conventional theory recommends putting money away where you'll earn something on the investment, rather than stashing money under the proverbial mattress.
They caution that if yoga practitioners are always aiming for the proverbial destination, they'll miss the very important journey of the mind/body/spirit connection yoga provides.
The "bed of Procrustes" has become proverbial.
The word usage examples above have been gathered from various sources to reflect current and historial usage. They do not represent the opinions of YourDictionary.com.