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Mikrotik Firewall Mangle Queue Tree Pppoe Server
Sub menu: ip firewall mangle. mangle is a kind of 'marker' that marks packets for future processing with special marks. many other facilities in routeros make use of these marks, e.g. queue trees, nat, routing. they identify a packet based on its mark and process it accordingly. This example demonstrates how to set up failover with a firewall mangle, filter and nat rules. detailed section overview ip address. in this example, [[email protected]] > ip route print detail 0 adc dst address=10.1.101.0 24 pref src=10.1.101.18 gateway=ether1,ether2 gateway status=ether1 reachable,ether2 reachable distance=0 scope=10. Step 3: mikrotik mangle rule. create two mangle rules to mark download and upload packets for users in the address list created in step 2 above. to create a mangle rule for upload packets, go to ip>firewall>mangle>add. Mikrotik firewall mangle 1. glcnetworks firewall mangle glc webinar, 5 october 2017 achmad mardiansyah [email protected] glc networks, indonesia 1 2. glcnetworks agenda introduction firewall firewall mangle demo q & a 2 3. [[email protected] burkaans] ip firewall mangle> print all stats flags: x disabled, i invalid, d dynamic # chain action bytes packets 0 prerouting mark routing 17478158 127631 1 prerouting mark routing 782505 4506 2 d forward change mss 0 0 3 d forward change mss 0 0 4 d forward change mss 0 0 5 d forward change mss 129372 2031.
How To Mikrotik Packet Mark Using Dscp Bit Or Type Of
Mikrotik ips ids; web proxy or external cache servers (squid, isa, any open source cache server) examples for use caching server (5 main idea's) squid3 tproxy4 mikrotik5; open source caching server; firewall mangle prerouting. live ip concept route a ip in any interface with original id; upload wan download another; firewall scripts. home. Firewall filter, mangle and nat facilities can then use those address lists to match packets against them. the address list records can also be updated dynamically via the action=add src to address list or action=add dst to address list items found in nat , mangle and filter facilities. Wiki.mikrotik tls host matching is a big help on classifying ssl traffic ip > firewall > new firewall nat mangle rule > advanced tab or *. or * * where to find tls host matching settings: or *. or * * ytimg and googlevideo most services will use other domains to call. Learn mikrotik routeros tutorial series (english) in this tutorial, i will show you how to use mangle rules to mark packets that are passing through the rout. Requires marked packet flows from ip firewall mangle facility. rate limitation principles. rate limiting is used to control the rate of traffic flow sent or received on a network interface. traffic which rate that is less than or equal to the specified rate is sent, whereas traffic that exceeds the rate is dropped or delayed.
Mikrotik Firewall Mangle
Mangle merupakan metode bandwidth manajemen, kalau seandainya ingin bandwidth tersebut dibagi sama rata oleh mikrotik. s eperti bandwidth 256kbps downstream dan 128kbps upstream. sedangkan client yang akan mengakses sebanyak 10 client, maka otomatis masing masing client mendapat jatah bandwidth downstream sebanyak 256kbps dibagi 10 dan upstream sebanyak 128kbps dibagi 10. The mangle section is used for packet and connection marking as well as a few special changes that can be applied to traffic passing through the mikrotik firewall. marking a packet or connection allows it to be placed into a queue or processed by. Different mikrotik devices might have different switch chips and each chip has a different set of features available, so make sure to visit this article to get more details to mark a connection as fasttracked new action was implemented fasttrack connection for firewall filter and mangle. currently, only ipv4 tcp and udp connections can be. This video provide how to mark video packet using mikrotik router firewall mangle rules configuration.see more: mikrotikroutersetup.blogsp. Firewall filter, mangle and nat facilities can then use those address lists to match packets against them. the address list records can also be updated dynamically via the action=add src to address list or action=add dst to address list items found in nat, mangle, and filter facilities.
Ispadmin Wiki Mikrotik Guide
Means the connection is created because the router itself is requesting (the router needs it, not from local public), for example, the result of internal proxy mikrotik sent to the client. prerouting pre routing means that the connection will enter the router (no matter from where depends on the settings mangle in interface later). In the official mikrotik wiki, talk about this rule: code: select all ip firewall mangle add out interface=pppoe out protocol=tcp tcp flags=syn action=change mss new mss=1300 chain=forward tcp mss=1301 65535. In this webinar, we started the discussion with the basic concepts of firewall in mikrotik. we then focusing on firewall mangle as it is said in title. we di. Vídeo aula que mostra como priorizar pacotes utilizando mikrotik firewall(mangle) queue tree e servidor pppoe dúvidas : [email protected] .br. One important thing about this setup is that i opened port 8291 in the router's firewall to allow winbox access from the wan. by default, winbox is only available on the mikrotik hap via the lan.
Glc Webinar: Mikrotik Firewall Mangle (english)
Mikrotik firewall functions as a network security tool for preventing unauthorized access to networks as well as provides network address translation functionality. so, a network administrator who is using mikrotik router in his network cannot go a single day without mikrotik firewall. actually, the main duty of a mikrotik administrator is to maintain firewall properly along with bandwidth. Address list | masquerading firewall | public ip firewall | instructions generate a public ip firewall step 1: if you use public ip's on your lan interface, and need to allow access for inbound services to these hosts, this section will create a firewall that blocks all countries in the list above to the router itself and the hosts on the lan please note that if you have a mixture of both. ★★★tengo un regalo para ti★★★ ★★★reclama el vídeo gratuito donde:★★★ "descubrirás un sistema de marketing que te ayudará a iniciar tu primer negocio rentable. 0 change mangle pcc rules by finding comments. recently i configured a load balancer (pcc base) in mikrotik rb for a client.for some customized reasons, he wanted to run dst address as per connection classifier in day time, & both address and ports in night time. he had to do this manually on a daily basis, so he asked me if it can be done automatically by the system. Mikrotik certified trainer, consultant and services support in network design, implementation, administration, analysis, troubleshooting and remote technical support we cover wisp, wireless, wifi and wired configurations, tunneling and vpn, static & dynamic routing, bgp, mpls, vlan, dns, dhcp, firewall, nat, mangle, bandwidth queues control.


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A tasting room that has slowly been taking shape on grounds outside the estate owned by Athena and Nick Karabots and also includes Karamoor Estate Vineyard & Winery suffered significant damage during an early Friday morning fire.
The fire at the Montgomery County winery near Blue Bell was reported before sunrise,
"I thought it was a big accident on the turnpike, so turned on Fox 29 only to find it was our tasting room barn under construction,"
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subset: commoncrawl


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VP, Corporate Development & Partnerships
- New York, NY
At Conductor, we believe a great company has a positive impact in the world, and on the people who build it. Therefore, we have two missions:
- Customer-First - Transform marketing into a force for improving people's lives.
- People-First - Transform the workplace into a force that helps people grow.
For us, success is improving the lives of all the people in our orbit — our customers, our customers' customers, our employee-owners, and our communities. We believe putting customers first is a better way to do marketing, for you and for your customers. When you create valuable, relevant content, you win new customers and help people. We're leading a movement to humanize marketing.
Marketers use our software and services to create and optimize valuable content so that it gets found, answers questions, and solves problems for real people. Conductor was named Top in the Forrester Wave for SEO platforms and is rated #1 on TrustRadius and G2Crowd by enterprise marketers. For more information, visit conductor.com.
At Conductor, we're building amazing tech, bringing together the best marketing minds out there. It's our focus on people and our mission that has led to being Crain's "Best Place to Work" 9 years in a row.
Conductor is seeking an energetic and effective VP, Corporate Development & Partnerships to lead growth through global expansion, partnerships and M&A. Conductor's Partner Ecosystem consists of strategic partners, service and advisory partners and technology partners. Together, we're creating the world's largest ecosystem of organic marketing solutions for our enterprise customers.
- Strategic Partners: These partnerships create exponential value for customers by localizing a customer's organic marketing program globally and offering customer success solutions in language.
- Service & Advisory Partners: Our marketplace product makes it possible to centralize work and support by providing a network of certified, trusted third-party service and advisory partners who can help you with technology consulting, implementation support, organic marketing insights and recommendations, change management, training, process mapping and more.
- Technology Partners: Our technology partners strengthen our customers organic marketing strategy by integrating point solutions and toolsets to streamline their workflow and process.
The key to success in this role is an aptitude for championing operational growth and overall business performance. This role requires excellent critical thinking skills and the ability to hunt and nurture relationships.
As the VP of Corp Dev & Partnerships, you will be charged with cultivating a network of partners, who will contribute to a customer's organic marketing success. We're looking for someone who is entrepreneurial and business savvy, capable of making sound partnership decisions from the ground up. We're looking for someone who can lead but isn't afraid of getting hands-on with our partners and customers and building the right process and systems for success.
In this role, you will own partnerships, M&A discovery and global expansion under our Global operations team and work cross-functionally with sales, marketing, customer success and product team.
You're excited about this role because you love to:
- Develop Growth Strategies - Create strategic growth through organic and inorganic channels
- Operationalize Infrastructure - Develop operational infrastructure including process, systems and metrics to support our corporate development and growth initiatives.
- Build Strong Relationships - Establish relationships with internal team leads, complementary agencies and technology companies that help solve problems for digital marketers.
- Investigate Opportunities - Identify key business initiatives through extensive industry research and analysis for partnerships, M&A and growth. Ensure you're gathering findings from the market and socializing those findings across the org.
- Innovate - Work alongside our product team to source and find opportunities to enhance the value of Conductor through combined use-cases
- Drive Growth.
- Proactively engage existing partners to drive mutual lead generation and co-marketing activities.
- Evangelize and educate both our technology and our partners' technologies/services
- Support partner sales activities with custom demos, reports, and a deep understanding of their business to drive inbound and outbound referrals
- Act as an internal resource to Conductors to help them create holistic solutions for customers with your expert knowledge of our best partners
We're excited about you because you have:
- Must have experience building an ecosystem strategy and the operational underpinning that goes with this (you know what good looks like) for a Saas Company
- 5+ years of successful experience in generating operational growth within technology companies, Marketing-technology ,a plus
- Experience in sales or account management role at a tech company or agency; experience in channel sales or channel management is a plus
- Experience with SaaS, digital marketing agencies, and global businesses is a plus
- Successfully leading M&A efforts and acting as a key stakeholder in identifying and securing complementary assets, products, and people to Conductor
- Experience in Global Expansion and ability to permeate new markets and establish Conductor's brand, value, and overall revenue channels
- Experience with Salesforce.com, Powerpoint, Excel and virtual meeting software
- Ability to work in a rapidly expanding, fast paced environment
- Exceptional written and oral presentation skills
- A naturally curious and creative person who loves to build relationships and uncover opportunity
- Willingness and ability to travel (when possible)
- 4 year BA/BS degree
We'd love to hear from you if you're inspired by Conductor's mission to be customer first and people first. Our team is pioneering, collaborative, and passionate about helping people together through meaningful content and marketing strategies. Conductor, Inc. is an equal opportunity employer. We celebrate diversity and are committed to creating an inclusive environment for all employees.
Disclosure: Conductor cares about your privacy. We are committed to maintaining your trust by protecting and processing your Personal Information that you provide to us in accordance with Greenhouse's Privacy Policy. Please take a moment to review before submitting your application
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Whene i "send to VR in Oculus Quest" I havhe a Warning message that told my that my model have "CUT OPENING". It's tue but how can i Fin them and delete them.
Many object from wherehouse are made with this. So it will be lonng to find all of them.
I also trie to find them with the "structure" menu on sketchup.


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project of helical gearbox failure in cement mill. Project of helical gearbox failure in cement mill. elecon gearbox, wind mill flender gear boxes for cement ball mill. 4:33 . project of helical gearbox failure in cement mill posts related to gear box suppliers . elecon ring type crusher and parts. elecon gearbox for cement mill, batching plant spare parts, elecon engineering company ltd.
newcon - Worm and helical reduction heavy duty gear units are the result of many years of practical experience in the line. Gear cases with liberal ribbing increases heat dissipation area and streamlined sump carrying more oil enhances the thermal rating of the gear boxes.Gear Couplings · Brake Drums · Industrial Gear Box · Gear Box Spares · Crane Duty Gear Boxes
Inline Helical Gear Reducers. "WINL series" inline helical gear reducers feature a HP range of ¼-100 HP, 37-147 mm box sizes, 2:1-120:1 speed ratios and a cast iron housing for unquestioned strength and reliability. Offered in a variety of NEMA C-face quill style motor input flange configurations, the "WINL" series allows users to easily locate...
R series helical gear units: high efficiency and wide range of gear unit ratios. Helical gear units are the "hidden classics" in our gear unit portfolio: 6 single-stage and 15 two- and three-stage frame sizes cover a torque range from 50 to 20 000 Nm.
The Baldor•Dodge Quantis Product Line is a modular gear drive engineered for flexibility and power density in a compact housing design. A wide variety of mounting configurations and accessories make the Quantis an ideal solution for many industrial applications.
Feb 06, 2017 · When it comes to transmissions, helical is the most commonly used gears and it even generates large amounts of thrust. It's Advantages:-The angled teeth engage more gradually than do spur gear teeth so that they can run more smoothly. Helical gears, as well as helical gearboxes, are highly durable and ideal for high load applications. It has ...User rating: 5/5
Right-angle gear units, In-line geared units and parallel shaft gearmotors. Industrial Gearmotors. Right-angle Gear units (3) In-Line Geared units (2) ... Specific Helical In-Line Gearmotors & Units. In-Line Geared units C Series 45 ... 12,000 Nm. In-line Gearmotors & Units. Parallel shaft Gearmotors. Parallel shaft Gearmotors
Gear efficiency affects both drive component (speed reducer and motor) costs and operating costs, as demonstrated by examining two common speed-reducer types: a concentric or in-line helical-gear ...
R&O inhibited oils are commonly used to lubricate high-speed single helical, herringbone reduction gear sets that have pitchline velocities greater than 3,500 feet/minute (17.5 meters/second) and are subjected to light to moderate loads. They are also used in the lubrication of spur, straight bevel and spiral bevel gear drives that are ...
Falk right angle gear drives for crushing, mixing, driving, and other applications. Shaft Mount Gear Drives. Our Shaft Mount Quadrive Gear Drives stand up to continuous use, rough-duty applications. Gear Components. Over 1,300 Rexnord gear components are specially designed to fit any application.
SIZES1 REDUCTION ... Compare this product. bevel gear reducer / helical / orthogonal / > 10 kNm. ... Special gear up box for simultaneously running three hydraulic pumps. ... HELICAL GEAR SPEED REDUCERS In-line helical gear reducer Input options : Flange, Solid shaft, ...User rating: 4/5
Our crossed axis gear drives produce an output at 90° from the input, and are built with anodized aluminum housings and hardened alloy steel input gears for durability in challenging applications. Available with gear ratios from 1:1 to 40:1 and torque values up to 62Nm.
The central role in the gearmotor is performed by the gear unit and its gear unit stages, the gear pairs. These features transmit the force of the motor from the input end to the output end. The gear unit therefore functions as a converter of speed and torque. In most application cases,...
There are 1,014 suppliers who sells small gear reduction boxes on , mainly located in Asia. The top countries of suppliers are China, India, and Taiwan, China, from which the percentage of small gear reduction boxes supply is 98%, 1%, and 1% respectively.
Boston Gear offers the industry's most comprehensive product array featuring more than 30,000 standard products combined with the ability to custom engineer unique solutions when required. Product lines include standard enclosed gear drives, custom speed reducers, AC/DC motors, DC drives and Centric brand overload clutches and torque limiters.
A wide variety of reverse gearbox options are available to you, such as bevel / miter, spur, and worm. There are 4,436 suppliers who sells reverse gearbox on , mainly located in Asia. The top countries of suppliers are India, China, and Taiwan, China, from which the percentage of reverse gearbox supply is 1%, 98%, and 1% respectively.
Explore Reduction Gearbox for sale Australia wide on Australia's No1 online machinery classified. All Reduction Gearbox posted here are either used Reduction Gearbox or new Reduction Gearbox. Browse more, so you can find Reduction Gearbox that satisfy your needs!
Chemineer™ JT-2 Impeller Designed for the often difficult blending of high viscosity and non-Newtonian fluids, the new, specially engineered JT-2 transitional flow impeller is particularly suitable for when conventional turbines have lost their efficiency due to viscous effects and before the need for close clearance impellers.
Products. We design, sell, manufacture and service a complete line of agitators, high shear mixers, static mixers, and heat exchangers under our brand names of Chemineer TM (gear drive agitators and portable mixers), Prochem TM (belt driven agitators), Greerco TM (high shear mixers), and Kenics TM (static mixers and heat exchangers).
3. Debris between gears 1. Adjust or replace gears 2. Replace bearing 3. Remove debris; clean inside then replace lubricant oil VI. Input shaft fail to drive output shaft 1. Gear wear 2. Damage to key connecting gear and output shaft 3. Input shaft rupture 4. Output shaft rupture 1. Replace gears 2. Replace key 3. Replace input shaft 4. Replace output shaft VII.
NU Gear Box Ask Price Available with us, an exhaustive gamut of NU Gear Boxes is highly acclaimed for its dimensional accuracy, long service life, corrosion resistance and high tolerance. Our highly qualified engineers design these products keeping in mind the set industry standards and diverse demands of our clients.
Gearslutz LTD - UK Company Number 7597610 (England & Wales). Registered Office - Suite 19, Maple Court, Grove Park, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 3LW.
Welcome to Radicon Drive Systems, Inc. Radicon is one of the world's leading manufacturers of gearing and drive technology. With over 60 years of experience, Radicon is a market leader in the design and manufacture of geared motors, industrial reducers, screw jacks, and couplings.
GEAR OILS Gear oil is a fluid lubricant. used in gears (gearboxes) for reduction of friction and wear of the gear tooth surfaces, removal of the heat generated by the operating gear and corrosion protection of the gear …
Involute Powergear Pvt. Ltd. has thirty years experience in manufacturing mechanical power drives and transmission equipment. Our product range comprises of gearboxes, shaft mounted gearboxes, custom built gear boxes, worm gears, worm gear box, hardened and ground helical and spur gears, sprockets, timing pulleys and other allied machine tool components.
Single helical gears can be used at speeds up to 4000 ft/min . Double Helical gears. Commonly specified where the axial thrust from a single helical design would be too large or where there plain bearings are used. To balance the side thrust the teeth are formed on each gear in helices of identical angle but opposite hand.
have opined that the design of agitators for mixing Irone ore in Pellet Plant (Steel industry) is complicated and tricky issue. In this paper , We will discuss the subject with ... P = Helical gear unit R = Bevel-helical gear unit Number of gear stages: 2 = Two stages ... =Drive motor / gear box reduction =1500/62.5 =24 rpm P= 5 0.44*2.4*(3.85 ...
Direct drive and direct in line planetary gear reduction available. Durable prop shaft is designed for extreme low level mixing and speeds to 850 RPM. Multiple impeller options and shaft seal selections available, including single mechanical seals (with or without sanitary gland) and double mechanical seals.
Industrial gearbox, manufacturer of industrial gear box like worm gear box, planetary gearbox, helical gear box, bevel helical gear motor, crane duty gearboxes and industrial gear motor ... Double Reduction Worm Gear Box Reducer Pump Jack Helical Gearbox Reducer .
For many years, the company ran a trouble- free packaging line using a 3-hp, 1,750-rpm motor coupled to a helical-gear speed reducer with a 9.3:1 speed reduction ratio.
Helical gearing is popular for high speeds because it has the best maximumto- minimum contact-length ratio, and noise problems are often solved simply by switching to this type of gear, as long as ...
Worm Gears • Usually used in high reduction applications. • Worm gear and worm wheel contact action is pure sliding with no rolling. • Many lubricants used on spur and helical gears are not suitable for worm gears both because the sliding action results in an extreme example of boundary lubrication and because some common EP additives attack
In a worm gear, a threaded shaft engages the teeth on a gear. Each time the shaft spins one revolution, the gear moves one tooth forward. If the gear has 40 teeth, you have a 40:1 gear ratio in a very small package. • Wormgearsare used when large gear reductions are needed.
Mixing, Blending & Size Reduction Customized mixers: A solution for your industrial needs The right custom mixer will provide you with a solution that addresses three major issues when it comes to your mixing needs: sanitation, material handling and durability
Partners in motion. NORD Gear Corporation is one of the world's leading manufacturers of drive technology for mechanical and electronic solutions. The range of products includes constant speed reducers , electric motors , industrial gear units , and motor starters and AC Vector drives for cabinet mount and distributed control.
Hub City ® Gearing Since 1892, HUB CITY ® power transmission components have been known for their leading edge technology and exceptional engineering capabilities. With an offering of over 50% modified or completely customized products, we take pride in our well-known reputation for providing cost effective solutions to meet our customers' needs.
Gibbs Gears have comprehensive gear manufacturing capabilities, this includes the manufacture of the following types of precision gears: Spur and helical, spline shafts, gear racks, pinions, worms and wheels, spiral & straight bevels gears, gearboxes & gearbox assemblies, miniature & small gears and bespoke gears to specification.
Bonfiglioli has decades of experience in developing customized solutions for the most demanding applications, and solid competence in food and beverage processing. We know that hygiene is crucial in this sector, and customers can rely on our products to do the job under harsh conditions. In addition to our standard products, we develop specific solutions for the food and beverage industry.
It is simple: reduced friction = reduced heat = reduced energy consumption. Compressed air systems in most manufacturing plants consume a majority of the daily power requirements, so if you are looking for a continuous improvement project, reducing energy costs through better lubricant practices is a sure winner. Choose the right compressor lubricant
Delivers 98% efficiency per stage of reduction due to precision machined and ground helical gears. Direct mounting on drive shaft does away with bedplates, couplings and alignment problems normally encountered in foot mounted gearboxes.
During the span of 6 decades, Elecon has encompassed all the major core sectors through its supplies of highly sophisticated equipment bearing ample testimony of the …
SEW-EURODRIVE is a leading company in the field of drive engineering. The range of products offered includes gearmotors, frequency inverters and drive solutions from one source.
You have no items in your shopping cart. Category. Electrical. Capacitor Circuit Breakers Conduit Fittings Contactors Controls Cooling Fans Disconnect Switches Displays Load Center Breaker Box Electric Motor Electrical Enclosures Fuses & Fuse Holders Heating & Cooling Lab Equipment Lighting Line Reactor Motor Drive Motor Starter Overload Relays Packaging & Labeling Plugs & Receptacles ...
Product Description Straight 3 Stage Planetary Gearbox Technical data: 1. Ratio range: 8.1-191 2. Input power: 0.12-270 KW 3. Permit torque rang: ≤ 50000 N. M 4. Shanghai SGR Heavy Industry Machinery Co., Ltd. Chat with Supplier. Sponsored products/suppliers.
A parallel shaft gear reducer has parallel input and output shafts. All types of gear reducer can be found in parallel versions. Technologies. All types of gearing are possible, including worm, bevel, planetary, helical and cylindrical.
Our C-Line Product Line is used in mixing, conveying and many other power transmission applications. With over 13 million reducers available, there is sure to be something for your application. We can customize to your specific needs.
Boston Gear sitemap. Customer Support US Customer Service 1-888-999-9860 US Application Support
To hold them in exact alignment day after day and year after year, extra strong, accurately machined housings are provided. In addition, our Drive One and Type AB line of horizontal right angle drives offer state-of-the-art surface hardened helical and bevel gearing. Falk Marine Gear …
The LEESON ® brand spans thousands of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) motors, gearmotors, and variable-speed control solutions. All are built for rugged commercial and industrial applications. Whether you need thousands of motors for OEM applications or a single replacement motor, count on the twenty-three stocking warehouses in the USA to get it there right when you need it.
The differential gear reduction increases this gear ratio to about 8:1. Third Top or High-speed Gear. Third top or high-speed gear. By operating the crankshaft lever, the second gears of the main shaft and countershaft are disengaged, and then the second and top gear of the main shaft is forced axially against the clutch shaft gear.
Gearbox Manufacturer from Vibrant Gujarat. Welcome to "ALICON ENTERPRISE" Company. We introducing ourselves as a one of the leading manufactures worm reduction gear unit and other mechanical reduction gear boxes since Two and half decade.
Automotive Engines and Transmissions. AVTEC's automotive business unit manufactures a wide range of products to suit diverse applications. It undertakes proprietary and contract manufacturing of petrol and diesel engines and transmissions for passenger cars, SUVs and light and medium commercial vehicles.
Worm and Worm Gear. A worm (which is a gear in the form of a screw) meshes with & drives a worm gear (which is similar in appearance to a spur. Used for effective power transmission applications requiring high-ratio speed reduction in a limited space using right angle (90°) Used when large gear reductions are needed.
ments, or plant specifications. Alternatively, WesTech drives can be hydraulically driven in lieu of electrically powered. Reducers For primary and secondary stage reductions, WesTech uses a mix of reduction types including helical and planetary gear boxes as well as cycloidal units to best match torque needs and drive design to process ...
Welcome to rushgears. We manufacture all types of gears and machine parts in just about any material to suit your needs.
Find here online price details of companies selling Rubber Mixing Mill. Get info of suppliers, manufacturers, exporters, traders of Rubber Mixing Mill for buying in India. ... - Rubber Mixing Mill with Self Made Helical Gear Box, Bush/Bearing Type. Geco Hydraulic Equipments. Delhi FB-123 ... graded steel casting bull gears and reduction gear ...


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Recently, DNA-based methods have proved to be accurate, fast and sensitive for meat authentication. According to the European Union, the food safety standards require accurate and detailed composition information of the meat products. Therefore, an accurate, fast and cost-effective identification methodology is needed. In this study, multiplex PCR coupled with 12S rDNA sequencing was employed for the detection of meat adulteration in two red meat products (frozen beef liver and cold cut samples, respectively) in Egypt. Multiplex PCR allowed the identification of ruminant, poultry, pork, and donkey residuals in processed red meat products (cold cuts) in a single step PCR reaction. Preliminary uniplex PCR was performed to evaluate primers specificity using DNA extracted from the positive control samples. The primers produced specific fragments for ruminant, poultry, pork, and donkey as follows: 271, 183, 531 and 145 bp, respectively. Multiplex PCR revealed that none of the samples was contaminated by porcine or donkey residuals, but 62.5% of all tested processed beef samples contained poultry contaminants. The sensitivity of this method was 0.01 ng/µL for beef, poultry and donkey and 0.1 ng/µL for pig. Another promising finding is the identification of all frozen beef liver samples as a cattle species (Bos taurus) through PCR-sequencing of a short fragment of 12S rRNA gene. Finally, we recommend the employment of multiplex PCR and PCR-sequencing of 12S rDNA for quality control in routine analysis of processed and frozen meat products.
AssuntosContaminação de Alimentos/análise , Indústria Alimentícia/normas , Produtos da Carne/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Animais , Bovinos/genética , Galinhas/genética , Egito , Limite de Detecção , Produtos da Carne/normas , Carne Vermelha/análise , Carne Vermelha/normas , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Especificidade da Espécie
India is the world's largest milk producing country because of massive contribution made by cattle and buffaloes. In the present investigation, comprehensive comparative profiling of transcriptomic landscape of milk somatic cells of Sahiwal cattle and Murrah buffaloes was carried out. Genes with highest transcript abundance in both species were enriched for biological processes such as lactation, immune response, cellular oxidant detoxification and response to hormones. Analysis of differential expression identified 377 significantly up-regulated and 847 significantly down-regulated genes with fold change >1.5 in Murrah buffaloes as compared to Sahiwal cattle (padj <0.05). Marked enrichment of innate and adaptive immune response related GO terms and higher expression of genes for various host defense peptides such as lysozyme, defensin ß and granzymes were evident in buffaloes. Genes related to ECM-receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and keratinization pathway showed more abundant expression in cattle. Network analysis of the up-regulated genes delineated highly connected genes representing immunity and haematopoietic cell lineage (CBL, CD28, CD247, PECAM1 and ITGA4). For the down-regulated dataset, genes with highest interactions were KRT18, FGFR1, GPR183, ITGB3 and DKK3. Our results lend support to more robust immune mechanisms in buffaloes, possibly explaining lower susceptibility to mammary infections as compared to cattle.
AssuntosBúfalos/imunologia , Bovinos/imunologia , Imunidade/genética , Transcriptoma/imunologia , Animais , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/genética , Búfalos/genética , Bovinos/genética , Linhagem da Célula/genética , Linhagem da Célula/imunologia , Regulação para Baixo/imunologia , Feminino , Hematopoese/genética , Hematopoese/imunologia , Índia , Lactação/genética , Lactação/imunologia , Leite/citologia , Leite/imunologia , RNA-Seq , Transcriptoma/genética , Regulação para Cima/imunologia
Heat stress negatively affects reproductive functions in cows. Increased temperature disturbs fetal development in utero. However, the effect of heat stress on uterine endometrial tissues has not been fully examined. Using qPCR analysis, we measured the mRNA expression of various molecular markers in uterine endometrial tissue of dairy cows from Hokkaido, Japan, in winter and summer. Markers examined were heat shock proteins (HSPs), antioxidant enzymes (catalase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase 4), inflammatory cytokines, and interferon stimulated genes. Our results showed heat stress, body and milk temperatures were higher during summer than during winter. Expression levels of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP90 mRNA, and of catalase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase mRNA were lower in summer than in winter. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression was higher in summer than in winter. In conclusion, summer heat stress may reduce the expression of HSPs, affecting the levels of inflammatory cytokines in bovine uterine endometrial tissue.
AssuntosCatalase/genética , Catalase/metabolismo , Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/fisiologia , Endométrio/metabolismo , Clima Quente Extremo , Expressão Gênica/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/genética , RNA/genética , RNA/metabolismo , Estações do Ano , Útero/metabolismo , Animais , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal/genética , Desenvolvimento Fetal/fisiologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Metaloproteínas/genética , Metaloproteínas/metabolismo , Reprodução , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for first calving reproductive traits and growth curve characteristics in Japanese Black cattle. The Gompertz growth function was fitted to body weight-age data to obtain the mature weight (MWT) and rate of maturing (ROM) of cows. Data of reproductive traits including the first service conception rate (CR) for heifers, age at the first calving (AFC), and gestation length for the first calving were collected. Records of 3,204 animals were used for analysis. Genetic parameters were estimated using a linear uni- and bivariate animal model. The heritability estimates were moderate (0.29 for ROM) and high (0.57 for MWT) for growth curve parameters and low (0.03-0.11) for reproductive traits. There was a negative genetic correlation between MWT and ROM (-0.26), suggesting that an animal with a faster ROM would show a lower MWT. CR was negatively correlated with MWT (-0.42) but significantly and positively correlated with ROM (0.91). There was a negative genetic correlation between AFC and MWT (-0.49). These results suggest that a heifer with a faster ROM and lower MWT would show a higher CR. Meanwhile, a heifer with a lower MWT would show a higher AFC.
AssuntosBovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/fisiologia , Estudos de Associação Genética/veterinária , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Reprodução/genética , Animais , Feminino , Fertilização/genética , Gravidez/genética
BACKGROUND: On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the roof ridge of the world, the yak is a precious cattle species that has been indispensable to the human beings living in this high-altitude area. However, the origin of domestication, dispersal route, and the divergence of domestic yaks from different areas are poorly understood. RESULTS: Here, we resequenced the genome of 91 domestic yak individuals from 31 populations and 1 wild yaks throughout China. Using a population genomics approach, we observed considerable genetic variation. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the earliest domestications of yak occurred in the south-eastern QTP, followed by dispersal to the west QTP and northeast to SiChuang, Gansu, and Qinghai by two routes. Interestingly, we also found potential associations between the distribution of some breeds and historical trade routes such as the Silk Road and Tang-Tibet Ancient Road. Selective analysis identified 11 genes showing differentiation between domesticated and wild yaks and the potentially positively selected genes in each group were identified and compared among domesticated groups. We also detected an unbalanced pattern of introgression among domestic yak, wild yak, and Tibetan cattle. CONCLUSIONS: Our research revealed population genetic evidence for three groups of domestic yaks. In addition to providing genomic evidence for the domestication history of yaks, we identified potential selected genes and introgression, which provide a theoretical basis and resources for the selective breeding of superior characters and high-quality yak.
AssuntosBovinos/genética , Evolução Molecular , Variação Genética , Filogenia , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Animais , China , Domesticação , Genoma , Genômica , Tibet
Paratuberculosis (pTB), also known as Johne's disease (JD), is a contagious, chronic, and granulomatous inflammatory disease of the intestines of ruminants which is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection, resulting in billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide. Since, currently, no effective cure is available for MAP infection, it is important to explore the genetic variants that affect the host MAP susceptibility. The aim of this study was to analyze a potential association between EDN2 synonymous gene mutations (rs110287192, rs109651404 and rs136707411), that modifies susceptibility to pTB. EDN2 rs110287192, rs109651404 and rs136707411 mutations were genotyped in 68 infected and 753 healthy animals from East Anatolian Red crossbred, Anatolian Black crossbred and Holstein breed cattle by using Custom TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. For pTB status, serum antibody levels S/P ≥ 1.0 were assessed in carriers of the different EDN2 genotypes. EDN2 rs110287192 mutation showed a significant association with bovine pTB (adj. p < 0.05). For rs110287192 locus, the odd ratios for GG and TG genotypes versus TT genotypes were 1.73; (95% CI = 0.34-8.59) and 0.53 (95% CI = 0.12-2.37) respectively, which indicated that proportion of TG heterozygotes were significantly higher in control animals as compared to pTB animals. On the other hand, while rs136707411 mutation showed a suggestive association with pTB status in the examined cattle population (nominal p < 0.05); no association was detected between rs109651404 genotypes and pTB status. Selecting animals against rs110287192-GG genotype may decrease the risk of pTB in cattle of the Bos taurus taurus subspecies.
AssuntosCruzamento , Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/microbiologia , Endotelinas/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Paratuberculose/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Alelos , Animais , Modelos Logísticos , Paratuberculose/microbiologia
Bovine twin birth is associated with detriments, including increased embryo/fetal losses, malpresentation, and dystocia. Incidence of these is lessened in bilateral compared with unilateral twin pregnancy. This study was undertaken to assess the use of follicular ablation by aspiration to create bilateral twin pregnancies in females with genetic potential for ~3.5 ovulations per cycle (Trio allele carriers). In experiment 1, carriers (n = 30) and noncarriers (n = 10) were synchronized for ovulation and timed artificial insemination (TAI). Follicles (>5 mm) in excess of one per ovary were aspirated ~16 h preceding TAI. Follicle count for females with follicles on only one ovary was reduced to two. Blood was sampled 2 wk post-TAI to assess progesterone (P4) concentrations; embryo count was determined by ultrasound 6 wk post-TAI. Circulating P4 concentration post-TAI was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with both genotype and subsequent pregnancy status (pregnant noncarriers: 7.06 ± 0.68 ng/mL; pregnant carriers: 5.54 ± 0.55 ng/mL; nonpregnant noncarriers: 5.22 ± 1.05 ng/mL; nonpregnant carriers: 3.13 ± 0.42 ng/mL). Experiment 2 was undertaken to offset the negative effects of follicular aspiration on subsequent P4 concentration observed in experiment 1. Carriers (n = 38) and noncarriers (n = 32) were submitted to TAI and follicle ablation as described for experiment 1. Additionally, accessory corpora lutea (CL) were induced in carriers by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (carriers) at day 6 post-TAI. Consequently, P4 concentration post-TAI was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with subsequent pregnancy status (pregnant: 8.48 ± 0.61 ng/mL; nonpregnant: 6.70 ± 0.63 ng/mL) but not with genotype (carrier: 8.01 ± 0.59 ng/mL; noncarrier: 7.17 ± 0.64 ng/mL). Embryo number was greater in carriers (exp. 1: 1.64 ± 0.81; exp 2: 1.45 ± 0.09) vs. noncarriers (1.00 ± 0.00, both experiments). Single, twin, and triplet pregnancies occurred in carriers in experiment 1, whereas multiples in experiment 2 were limited to twin pregnancies. Genotype effects on pregnancy rate were not significant (P > 0.10) in either experiment. Results suggest that follicular ablation to create bilateral twin pregnancies in Trio carriers is feasible but requires the induction of accessory CL to offset the negative effects of follicular aspiration on subsequent P4 concentration and associated fertility outcomes.
AssuntosBovinos/genética , Fertilidade/genética , Ovulação/genética , Progesterona/análise , Alelos , Animais , Bovinos/fisiologia , Gonadotropina Coriônica/administração & dosagem , Corpo Lúteo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sincronização do Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Genótipo , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Tamanho da Ninhada de Vivíparos , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez
More people globally depend on the water buffalo than any other domesticated species, and as the most closely related domesticated species to cattle they can provide important insights into the shared evolutionary basis of domestication. Here, we sequence the genomes of 79 water buffalo across seven breeds and compare patterns of between breed selective sweeps with those seen for 294 cattle genomes representing 13 global breeds. The genomic regions under selection between cattle breeds significantly overlap regions linked to stature in human genetic studies, with a disproportionate number of these loci also shown to be under selection between water buffalo breeds. Investigation of potential functional variants in the water buffalo genome identifies a rare example of convergent domestication down to the same mutation having independently occurred and been selected for across domesticated species. Cross-species comparisons of recent selective sweeps can consequently help identify and refine important loci linked to domestication.
AssuntosBúfalos/genética , Bovinos/genética , Domesticação , Genoma/genética , Animais , Cruzamento , Búfalos/classificação , Bovinos/classificação , Evolução Molecular , Loci Gênicos/genética , Variação Genética , Fenótipo , Filogeografia , Seleção Genética
Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in large human cohorts have identified thousands of loci associated with complex traits and diseases. For identifying the genes and gene-associated variants that underlie complex traits in livestock, especially where sample sizes are limiting, it may help to integrate the results of GWAS for equivalent traits in humans as prior information. In this study, we sought to investigate the usefulness of results from a GWAS on human height as prior information for identifying the genes and gene-associated variants that affect stature in cattle, using GWAS summary data on samples sizes of 700,000 and 58,265 for humans and cattle, respectively. Using Fisher's exact test, we observed a significant proportion of cattle stature-associated genes (30/77) that are also associated with human height (odds ratio = 5.1, p = 3.1e-10). Result of randomized sampling tests showed that cattle orthologs of human height-associated genes, hereafter referred to as candidate genes (C-genes), were more enriched for cattle stature GWAS signals than random samples of genes in the cattle genome (p = 0.01). Randomly sampled SNPs within the C-genes also tend to explain more genetic variance for cattle stature (up to 13.2%) than randomly sampled SNPs within random cattle genes (p = 0.09). The most significant SNPs from a cattle GWAS for stature within the C-genes did not explain more genetic variance for cattle stature than the most significant SNPs within random cattle genes (p = 0.87). Altogether, our findings support previous studies that suggest a similarity in the genetic regulation of height across mammalian species. However, with the availability of a powerful GWAS for stature that combined data from 8 cattle breeds, prior information from human-height GWAS does not seem to provide any additional benefit with respect to the identification of genes and gene-associated variants that affect stature in cattle.
AssuntosEstatura/genética , Bovinos/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Animais , Cruzamento/métodos , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Variação Genética/genética , Humanos , Gado/genética , Herança Multifatorial/genética , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética
Cattle temperament is a complex and economically relevant trait. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions and genes associated with cattle temperament. From a Brahman cattle population of 1,370 animals evaluated for temperament traits (Exit velocity-EV, Pen Score-PS, Temperament Score-TS), two groups of temperament-contrasting animals were identified based on their EV-average values ±1/2 standard deviation (SD). To be considered in the calm group, the EV of females ranged between 0.16-1.82 m/s (n = 50) and the EV of males ranged between 0.4-1.56 m/s (n = 48). Females were classified as temperamental if their EV ranged between 3.13-7.66 m/s (n = 46) and males were classified as temperamental if their EV ranged between 3.05-10.83 m/s (n = 45). Selected animals were genotyped using a total of 139,376 SNPs (GGP-HD-150K), evaluated for their association with EV. The Genome-Wide Association analysis (GWAS) identified fourteen SNPs: rs135340276, rs134895560, rs110190635, rs42949831, rs135982573, rs109393235, rs109531929, rs135087545, rs41839733, rs42486577, rs136661522, rs110882543, rs110864071, rs109722627, (P<8.1E-05), nine of them were located on intergenic regions, harboring seventeen genes, of which only ACER3, VRK2, FANCL and SLCO3A1 were considered candidate associated with bovine temperament due to their reported biological functions. Five SNPs were located at introns of the NRXN3, EXOC4, CACNG4 and SLC9A4 genes. The indicated candidate genes are implicated in a wide range of behavioural phenotypes and complex cognitive functions. The association of the fourteen SNPs on bovine temperament traits (EV, PS and TS) was evaluated; all these SNPs were significant for EV; only some were associated with PS and TS. Fourteen SNPs were associated with EV which allowed the identification of twenty-one candidate genes for Brahman temperament. From a functional point of view, the five intronic SNPs identified in this study, are candidates to address control of bovine temperament, further investigation will probe their role in expression of this trait.
AssuntosComportamento Animal , Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/psicologia , Emoções , Temperamento , Ceramidase Alcalina/genética , Animais , Proteína do Grupo de Complementação L da Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genótipo , Masculino , Transportadores de Ânions Orgânicos/genética , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Trocadores de Sódio-Hidrogênio/genética , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/genética
This experiment investigated phenotypic and genetic relationships between carbon dioxide production, methane emission, feed intake, and postweaning traits in Angus cattle. Respiration chamber data on 1096 young bulls and heifers from 2 performance recording research herds of Angus cattle were analyzed to provide phenotypic and genetic parameters for carbon dioxide production rate (CPR; n = 425, mean 3,010 ± SD 589 g/d) and methane production rate (MPR; n = 1,096, mean 132.8 ± SD 25.2 g/d) and their relationships with dry matter intake (DMI; n = 1,096, mean 6.15 ± SD 1.33 kg/d), body weight (BW) and body composition traits. Heritability estimates were moderate to high for CPR (0.53 [SE 0.17]), MPR (0.31 [SE 0.07]), DMI (0.49 [SE 0.08]), yearling BW (0.46 [SE 0.08]), and scanned rib fat depth (0.42 [SE 0.07]). There was a strong phenotypic (0.83 [SE 0.02]) and genetic (0.75 [SE 0.10]) correlation between CPR and MPR. The correlations obtained for DMI with CPR and with MPR were high, both phenotypically (rp) and genetically (rg) (rp: 0.85 [SE 0.01] and 0.71 [SE 0.02]; rg (0.95 [SE 0.03] and 0.83 [SE 0.05], respectively). Yearling BW was strongly correlated phenotypically (rp ≥ 0.60) and genetically (rg > 0.80) with CPR, MPR, and DMI, whereas scanned rib fat was weakly correlated phenotypically (rp < 0.20) and genetically (rg ≤ 0.20) with CPR, MPR, and DMI. The strong correlation between both CPR and MPR with DMI confirms their potential use as proxies for DMI in situations where direct DMI recording is not possible such as on pasture.
AssuntosDióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Bovinos/genética , Metano/metabolismo , Animais , Composição Corporal/genética , Peso Corporal/genética , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bovinos/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Fenótipo
We used test-day records and daily records from provincial weather stations in Japan to evaluate heat tolerance (HT) in Holstein cows according to a random regression test-day model. Data were a total of 1,641,952 test-day records for heritability estimates and 17,245,694 test-day records for genetic evaluation of HT by using milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS) in Holstein cows that had calved for the first time in 2000 through 2015. Temperature-humidity index (THI) values were estimated by using average daily temperature and average daily relative humidity records from 60 provincial Japanese weather stations. The model contained herd-test-day, with lactation curves on days in milk within month-age group as a fixed effect. General additive genetic effect and HT of additive genetic effect were included as random effects. The threshold value of THI was set to 60. For milk yield, estimated mean heritabilities were lower during heat stress (THI = 78; 0.20 and 0.28) than when below the heat stress threshold (THI ≤ 60; 0.26 and 0.31). For SCS, heritability estimates (range 0.08-0.10) were similar under all heat stress conditions. Genetic trends of HT indicated that EBVs of HT are changing in an undesirable direction.
AssuntosBovinos/genética , Bovinos/fisiologia , Termotolerância , Animais , Feminino , Análise de Regressão
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of genotyped bulls with different numbers of phenotyped progenies on quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection and genomic evaluation using a simulated cattle population. Twelve generations (G1-G12) were simulated from the base generation (G0). The recent population had different effective population sizes, heritability, and number of QTL. G0-G4 were used for pedigree information. A total of 300 genotyped bulls from G5-G10 were randomly selected. Their progenies were generated in G6-G11 with different numbers of progeny per bull. Scenarios were considered according to the number of progenies and whether the genotypes were possessed by the bulls or the progenies. A genome-wide association study and genomic evaluation were performed with a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction method to calculate the power of QTL detection and the genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV). We found that genotyped bulls could be available for QTL detection depending on conditions. Additionally, using a reference population, including genotyped bulls, which had more progeny phenotypes, enabled a more accurate prediction of GEBV. However, it is desirable to have more than 4,500 individuals consisting of both genotypes and phenotypes for practical genomic evaluation.
AssuntosBovinos/genética , Genoma/genética , Fenótipo , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética , Animais , Genômica , Masculino
Functional and enduring mammary structure is pivotal for producer profitability, and animal health and welfare in beef production. Genetic evaluations for teat and udder score in Canadian Angus cattle have previously been developed. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with teat and udder structure in Canadian Angus cows thereby enhancing knowledge of the biological architecture of these traits. Thus, we performed a weighted single-step genome wide association study (WssGWAS) to identify candidate genes for teat and udder score in 1,582 Canadian Angus cows typed with the GeneSeek® Genomic Profiler Bovine 130K SNP array. Genomically enhanced estimated breeding values (GEBVs) were converted to SNP marker effects using unequal variances for markers to calculate weights for each SNP over three iterations. At the genome wide level, we detected windows of 20 consecutive SNPs that explained more than 0.5% of the variance observed in these traits. A total of 35 and 28 windows were identified for teat and udder score, respectively, with two SNP windows in common for both traits. Using Ensembl, the SNP windows were used to search for candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL). A total of 94 and 71 characterized genes were identified in the regions for teat and udder score, respectively. Of these, 7 genes were common for both traits. Gene network and enrichment analysis, using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), signified key pathways unique to each trait. Genes of interest were associated with immune response and wound healing, adipose tissue development and morphology, and epithelial and vascular development and morphology. Genetic architecture from this GWAS confirms that teat and udder score are distinct, polygenic traits involving varying and complex biological pathways, and that genetic selection for improved teat and udder score is possible.
AssuntosBovinos/anatomia & histologia , Bovinos/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Feminino , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética , Software , Estatística como Assunto
Data on calving ease (CE) and birth, weaning weight (WW), and yearling weight (YW) were obtained from the American Simmental Association (ASA) and included pedigree and performance information on 11,640,735 animals. Our objective was to quantify differential response from selection for high CE vs. low birth weight (LBW) in first-calf Simmental heifers. We hypothesized that direct selection for CE should be used as the primary approach to reduce dystocia and mitigate losses in growth-related traits. WW and YW were adjusted to 205 and 365 d of age, respectively. Sire and maternal grandsire (co)variance components for CE, birth weight (BW), and 205-d weaning weight (205-d WW), and sire covariance components for 160-d postweaning gain (160-d gain) were estimated using a sire-maternal grandsire model. Direct and maternal expected progeny differences (EPD) for CE, BW, and 205-d WW and direct EPD for 160-d gain and 365-d yearling weight (365-d YW) for first-calf Simmental heifers population (465,710 animals) were estimated using a threshold-linear multivariate maternal animal model. This population was used to estimate genetic trends and as a selection pool (control) for various selection scenarios. Selection scenarios were high CE (HCE), LBW, the all-purpose selection index (API = -1.8 BW + 1.3 CE + 0.10 WW + 0.20 YW) of the ASA and its two derived subindices: (API1 = 1.3 CE + 0.20 YW) and (API2 = -1.8 BW + 0.20 YW), and lastly Dickerson's selection index (DSI = -3.2 BW + YW). Data for each selection scenario were created by selecting sires with EPD greater than or equal to the average along with the top 75% of dams. Comparison between selection scenarios involved evaluating the direct and maternal genetic trends from these scenarios. Direct heritabilities for CE, BW, 205-d WW, 160-d gain, and 365-d YW of Simmental cattle were 0.23, 0.52, 0.28, 0.21, and 0.33, respectively. The single trait, HCE, selection scenario, as opposed to LBW, increased the intercept for CE by 57.7% and the slopes (P < 0.001) for BW, 205-d WW, 160-d gain, and 365-d YW by 27.9%, 37.5%, 16%, and 28%, respectively. Comparisons of various selection scenarios revealed that the CE-based selection scenarios (HCE, API, and API1) had a greater response for CE and growth traits.
AssuntosPeso ao Nascer/genética , Bovinos/genética , Distocia/veterinária , Seleção Genética , Animais , Peso Corporal/genética , Cruzamento , Bovinos/fisiologia , Distocia/genética , Feminino , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Gravidez , Estados Unidos
Ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and really interesting new gene finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is a multi-domain nuclear protein that plays an important role in epigenetics and tumorigenesis, but its role in normal ovarian follicle development remains unknown. Thus, the present study evaluated if UHRF1 mRNA abundance in bovine follicular cells is developmentally and hormonally regulated, and if changes in UHRF1 are associated with changes in DNA methylation in follicular cells. Abundance of UHRF1 mRNA was greater in granulosa cells (GC) and theca cells (TC) from small (<6 mm) than large (≥8 mm) follicles and was greater in small-follicle GC than TC. In GC and TC, fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) treatment increased (P < 0.05) UHRF1 expression by 2-fold. Also, luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) increased (P < 0.05) UHRF1 expression in TC by 2-fold, and forskolin (an adenylate cyclase inducer) alone or combined with IGF1 increased (P < 0.05) UHRF1 expression by 3-fold. An E2F transcription factor inhibitor (E2Fi) decreased (P < 0.05) UHRF1 expression by 44% in TC and by 99% in GC. Estradiol, progesterone, and dibutyryl-cAMP decreased (P < 0.05) UHRF1 mRNA abundance in GC. Treatment of GC with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) alone had no effect but when combined with IGF1 enhanced the UHRF1 mRNA abundance by 2.7-fold. Beauvericin (a mycotoxin) completely inhibited the FSH plus IGF1-induced UHRF1 expression in small-follicle GC. Treatments that increased UHRF1 mRNA (i.e., FGF9) in GC tended to decrease (by 63%; P < 0.10) global DNA methylation, and those that decreased UHRF1 mRNA (i.e., E2Fi) in GC tended to increase (by 2.4-fold; P < 0.10) global DNA methylation. Collectively, these results suggest that UHRF1 expression in both GC and TC is developmentally and hormonally regulated, and that UHRF1 may play a role in follicular growth and development as well as be involved in ovarian epigenetic processes.
AssuntosBovinos/fisiologia , Células da Granulosa/metabolismo , Células Tecais/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Animais , Bovinos/genética , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Progesterona/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética
Recessive missense mutation in the solute carrier family 12, member 1 (SLC12A1) gene (g.62382825G>A) is associated with hydrallantois, which is the accumulation of fluid in the allantoic cavity of a pregnant animal, and usually causes fetal death in Japanese Black cattle. However, the symptoms of a homozygote with this mutation that do not result in fetal death have not previously been tracked and evaluated. In the present study, we observed a homozygote with the SLC12A1 risk allele over a long-term period. The calf did not show any obvious clinical symptoms, although it did exhibit a slight growth retardation that accompanied mild calciuria. At 28 months of age, the homozygote showed renal dysfunction, which in turn resulted in hydronephrosis. The time course of the symptoms was consistent with the phenotype of Bartter syndrome in humans. Additionally, the risk heterozygous genotype did not any effects on carcass traits, which indicates that eliminating the risk allele would not have any unfavorable effects. Therefore, we emphasize that both the fetal- and late-stage symptoms associated with the SLC12A1 risk allele compromise animal welfare, and consequently may result in severe economic losses for individual farmers if the SLC12A1 risk allele is not eliminated from the population.
AssuntosSíndrome de Bartter/genética , Síndrome de Bartter/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética/veterinária , Homozigoto , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Membro 1 da Família 12 de Carreador de Soluto/genética , Alelos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Feminino , Hidronefrose/genética , Hidronefrose/veterinária , Gravidez , Risco , Fatores de Tempo
Circulating leptin concentrations could potentially be used as a predictor of production traits in cattle. This study aimed to clarify the correlations between circulating leptin concentrations and growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality indexes in finishing bulls fed high-concentrate diets (concentrate-to-forage ratio 70:30). Fifty-seven Simmental × Luxi F1 crossbred bulls were used for 112-day finishing experiment. Circulating leptin concentrations and relevant indexes of growth performance, and carcass traits and meat quality were measured during or after finishing trail. The results indicated that the leptin concentrations tended to be negatively correlated with dry matter intake (DMI) (r = -.233, p = .081), and were positively correlated with 12th-rib fat thickness (r = .330, p = .012), marbling score (r = .336, p = .011), and intramuscular fat content (r = .368, p = .021). Moreover, the leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with cholesterol content (r = -.339, p = .037) and were not correlated with sensory indexes including tenderness, juiciness, and like flavor (p > .05). In conclusion, circulating leptin concentrations may potentially be used as a predictor of carcass traits related to content of fat and beef quality traits related to content of cholesterol in finishing bulls fed high-concentrate diets.
AssuntosFenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Bovinos/sangue , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Leptina/sangue , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Carne Vermelha , Animais , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangue , Ingestão de Alimentos , Masculino
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of miR-10b on growth hormone (GH) in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle. According to analysis of GH and somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) mRNA and protein expression levels, we found that miR-10b targeted 3'UTR of SSTR2. Compared with the negative control (NC) group, GH mRNA transcription and protein expression in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle were significantly increased by adding miR-10b mimics (p < .01), while these were significantly decreased by adding miR-10b inhibitor (p < .05); compared with the NC group, SSTR2 mRNA transcription and protein expression were significantly inhibited by the addition of miR-10b mimics (p < .01), while these were significantly increased by the addition of miR-10b inhibitor compared with the iNC group (p < .05). This study suggested that miR-10b could regulate GH level by regulating SSTR2 gene expression in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle.
AssuntosBovinos/genética , Bovinos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Expressão Gênica/genética , Hormônio do Crescimento/genética , Hormônio do Crescimento/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/fisiologia , Hipófise/citologia , Hipófise/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptores de Somatostatina/metabolismo , Transfecção , Animais , Células Cultivadas , MicroRNAs/metabolismo
Gene editing in large animal models for future applications in translational medicine and food production must be deeply investigated for an increase of knowledge. The mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a member of the HMGB subfamily that binds to mtDNA promoters. This gene maintains mtDNA, and it is essential for the initiation of mtDNA transcription. Lately, we generated a new cell line through the disruption of the TFAM gene in bovine fibroblast cells by CRISPR/Cas 9 technology. We showed that the CRISPR/Cas9 design was efficient through the generation of heterozygous mutant clones. In this context, once this gene regulates the mtDNA replication specificity, the study aimed to determine if the post-edited cells are capable of in vitro maintenance and assess if they present changes in mtDNA copies and mitochondrial membrane potential after successive passages in culture. The post-edited cells were expanded in culture, and we performed a growth curve, doubling time, cell viability, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. The editing process did not make cell culture unfeasible, even though cell growth rate and viability were decreased compared to control since we observed the cells grow well when cultured in a medium supplemented with uridine and pyruvate. They also exhibited a classical fibroblastoid appearance. The RT-qPCR to determine the mtDNA copy number showed a decrease in the edited clones compared to the non-edited ones (control) in different cell passages. Cell staining with Mitotracker Green and red suggests a reduction in red fluorescence in the edited cells compared to the non-edited cells. Thus, through characterization, we demonstrated that the TFAM gene is critical to mitochondrial maintenance due to its interference in the stability of the mitochondrial DNA copy number in different cell passages and membrane potential confirming the decrease in mitochondrial activity in cells edited in heterozygosis.


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Best Pest Control Zapata TX 78076
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One of the main reasons individuals take into consideration working with the Zapata pest control services is the fact that they understand that the company will certainly be offering all-natural pest control, which implies no severe chemicals. To remove these insects in Zapata, you need to get them controlled with the help of a terrific company. However, if you are preparing to work with Zapata pest control services to get rid of those annoying pests, you require to be familiar with the reality that it is not easy to locate the most reputed company in the city.
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Termites control is a matter of utmost value for homeowners. The primary factor behind that is that termites are one of the substantial reasons for destruction to building products, including timber, wood products, and even brick and cement. They can ruining a structure in as low as two years. It should be kept in mind that most of the time, termite damage occurs due to external elements and not because of any internal damages in the structure.
For home treatments, natural remedies are without a doubt the most popular. It consists of applying organic ingredients such as saw palmetto and other herbs. The treatment is focused on killing all the active parts of the termite. However, there is one defect in utilizing natural items as termite control. Although they are extremely efficient in decreasing termite damage, it's still possible that you may not observe the impacts. Therefore, you need to keep an eye out for termite tracks or damage on your walls and flooring. These are the most important clues to watch out for as the best means of connecting with a respectable termite control company in Zapata, TX.
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Pest management is likewise called pest control, and the main goal of this is to prevent pests or insects from having access to the building. There are numerous techniques of pest management, and the chemical is likewise one of the popular ones.
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Please call our 24-Hour Pest Pros at (888) 408-2399 for additional information about our Pest Control solutions as well as prices and likewise obtain your Home Inspection Report – Pests, Rodents & Termites.
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About Us
Contact Us
Closure of driving test application system from Thursday 26 November 2020.
Our brand new customer portal, MyRoadSafety will go live on Monday 30 November 2020. This will give you access to all of our digital services, including a new and improved driving test booking system.
MyRoadSafety allows you to safely manage your driver information, test bookings, permits and licences from the comfort of your own home. However, to prepare for this move we'll have to close our current driving test application system and ask for your patience while we get things up and running for you. We expect the portal to be available at 2pm on Monday.
Under Covid19 Level 5 Government restrictions effective from midnight on Wednesday 21 October, for six weeks, you can attend your scheduled driving test appointment provided you are an essential worker involved in the provision of essential services or essential retail outlets. You can view the list of essential services at Level 5 on www.gov.ie
If you are not involved in the provision of essential services or essential retail outlets, please cancel you test appointment here.
We are experiencing a high demand for driving tests at the moment. If you have submitted a driving test application we will be in touch with an appointment date, there is no need to contact us.
If you are an essential worker and require an urgent test in connection with that work, then you can request a test here.
Plating and speed marking requirements for agricultural vehicles.
From a road safety perspective, and also to protect Ireland's road and bridge infrastructure, vehicles including agricultural vehicles must adhere to specified weights and speed limits.
To aid compliance and effective enforcement of these limits, agricultural vehicles are required to be appropriately plated and to display a speed disc indicating the maximum design speed for which they have been rated to travel at.
See below FAQ documents and further information on plating and speed discs
Plating and speed discs here
Speed rating here
Model plating certificate here
Model authorisation plate here
Regulations on plating and speed discs click here


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Francisco DE ZURBARAN (1598-1664)
A superb exhibition is about to open at the Jacquemart-André Museum in Paris from 3 March to 10 July 2017. The exhibition is not exceptional for the volume of work presented but rather for its exquisite quality and particularly for the artistic dialogue over four centuries of art history that it highlights. Few collections (except […]
The price index for Old Masters reached its peak of the decade in October 2008. Thus, like a number of other art segments, it benefited from the auction room euphoria that developed between 2004 and 2008 and then suffered from the meltdown as the economic crisis chased confidence out of the market. However, since the end of 2009 the major works withheld from auctions when the market was weak have started to return.
The market is feverish, sellers are nervous, auctioneers are worried and yet…the purchase intentions recorded in our Art Market Confidence Index show a certain optimism ahead of the Old Masters sales at Christie's and Sotheby's.At mid-January 2009, 70% of market players (all segments) declared themselves « ready to buy » in the Artprice AMCI.


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To investigate whether the O'Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index (ICSI) and Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index (ICPI) is efficacy measure tool for interstitial Cystitis (IC) treatment with hydrodistention (HD) and bladder training (BT).
Urotherapy is considered the treatment of choice for children suffering daytime urinary incontinence (DUI). Urotherapy intends to improve bladder dysfunction for children with DUI. For children with refractory DUI, an intensive inpatient bladder training program exists, which focuses on relearning, concentration on, and awareness of the bladder.
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition affecting millions of men and women worldwide. It is an embarrassing condition with far-reaching consequences. Although many treatment options exist, no single treatment has been proven to be most effective.
The primary aim is to provide detailed rationale and methodology for the development and implementation of a perioperative behavioral/pelvic floor exercise research protocol for women who self-chose surgical intervention and who may or may not have been offered behavioral treatments initially.
To evaluate the efficacy of single and combined use of biofeedback (BF) and electrical stimulation (ES) added to bladder training (BT) on incontinence-related quality of life (QoL) and clinical parameters in women with idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB).
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Newsmax, the conservative South Florida media company, is not for sale and has no plans to enter into any agreements with outgoing President Donald Trump, founder and CEO Christopher Ruddy said on Nov. 16.
The company, based in Boca Raton, became the subject of a flurry of recent news reports that certain "Trump allies" were interested in buying Newsmax with the aid of a private investment firm Hicks Equity Partners, which is based in Dallas.
"There was no real formal deal," Ruddy said in a telephone interview. "They just suggested they might have an interest. We're not actively selling. My focus is building Newsmax into a major news property."
No Trump call
A long-time friend of the president, Ruddy added he hasn't talked to Trump about any media deals or any positions with Newsmax.
"I have not talked to him about it," he said. "I don't think he wants to own a network at the end of the day. He's an omnivore and likes all media. It would be difficult for Donald Trump to be tied down."
Ruddy said he is more interested in making inroads against Fox over the next 12 months.
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Soaring viewership
Since Nov. 4, the Newsmax TV arm has made inroads into Fox's audience, Ruddy said, citing Nielsen data.
The numbers showed Newsmax's average prime-time audience jumping 156% to 223,000 viewers during the week of the election. On Nov. 12, the local network had 1.06 million from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m., about half of Fox's audience of 2.06 million during that time period.
"Newsmax viewership is soaring in the wake of a contentious Trump-Biden election and disputed outcome — as millions are leaving Fox News," Newsmax's marketing department declared in a note. "Another sign of that exodus: The Newsmax App has had over 2 million downloads in the month of November."
"As of Thursday afternoon, Newsmax was listed in the No. 2 position in the news category," the note added. "The app was listed in the No. 4 slot of most-downloaded free apps,
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All posts tagged "Cleveland"
NFL/ 3 months ago
Why The Cleveland Browns Will Boom This Year
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Cleveland Indians Considering Name Change
The Cleveland Indians will "determine the best path forward" regarding their team name amid renewed calls for racial equality and social...
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Baker Mayfield is a Couple of Bad Starts Away from Being Labeled a Bust
Heisman Winner, Number 1 pick, and the next Chosen One for the city of Cleveland. Two years later, and Baker Mayfield...


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SLM Corp (SLM) COM STK USD0.20
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Business summary
SLM Corporation is a holding company. The Company's primary business is to originate and service loans it makes to students and their families to finance the cost of their education. The Company is a saving, planning and paying for college company. It is engaged in originating and servicing Private Education Loans it makes to students and their families. It uses Private Education Loans to mean education loans to students or their families that are not made, insured or guaranteed by any state or federal government. It also operates Upromise, Inc., a consumer savings network that provides financial rewards on everyday purchases to help families save for college. Its Private Education Loans that it owns or services are originated and funded by its subsidiary, Sallie Mae Bank (the Bank). Its services include resources dedicated to assist customers with needs and escalated inquiries. It provides access to a free online scholarship database, which includes information about scholarships.
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CHICAGO – Yes Virginia, there still is live theater. The Possibilities Theatre presents "Free Space," a play by Tara Meddaugh, via Zoom and a special live performance (weather permitting) in its final weekend October 29th-31st, 2020. For more information, including tickets, click here.!—break—>
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