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Posted on 25 July 2014 by Fr. John Zuhlsdorf
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27 Responses to CAPTION CALL
Siculum says:
Pope Francis's nightmare tonight about giant tomato-sauce-slathered fusilli coming to attack him after his penitential sauce sacrifice today.
PCali says:
Okay…….who looked into the heart of the TARDIS?……….and who fixed the chameleon circuit??!
Mojoron says:
Satan leaving the white house.
Mike says:
I told you to take it to the detailer after Herkimer had his little "accident" back there… but NOOOOO, you said…
Potato2 says:
"OK sir, calm down. What I wan't to know is why you left a deranged balloon clown locked in your van for a couple of hours and then if you could point out the suburban house he was seen crawling into the window of."
CRPodhaj says:
Curiously, the LCWR representatives from "Nuns on the Bus" asked the alien in the van to unite and form social cosmogenesis to achieve Messianic consciousness – just before it ate them.
Matthew K says:
Hell hath no fury like a Cheez-It scorned.
Arcgap says:
It's just the moving van with the pink flamingos for the new people moving into the trailer park.
MrTipsNZ says:
Despite a mad rush to hospital, Obamacare could not save Nancy Pelosi after getting caught in the rain………
Athanasius says:
Following Pope Francis' pledge to baptize the Martians, they have crossed the border en masse!
tzard says:
First shipment of new stealth infantry weapon. It's impervious to Radar and Infra Red. It's EMP resistant. It received unanimous approval from Washington.
Balloon swords.
Bea says:
(I forgot to turn off the "Spin stops here" and the friction caused the PC 'ers to turn on the "flaming liberals" but they remained in their "yellow" SUVs ("Serve us vocally" enclosure) afraid to come out into the Real World. )
Margaret says:
Outtake from the original "Muppet Movie" when Animal drinks Dr. Honeydew's potion and grows fifty feet tall. (The potion side effects were reportedly exhausting and Animal had to lie down to rest in a specially-outfitted van between shots.)
Tamquam says:
Captain, I think we found the dilithum crystals.
Muv says:
Drag show? Liturgical dance?? Need costumes fast??? Call the NU-2-U-TUTU hotline on 666 NOW!!!
incredulous says:
Get the potatoes out of your ears… I said a shallow pan of pork strudel not a yellow van packed with pink noodles…
Southern Baron says:
The Viper pilots were stunned to learn that the truck was not driven by cylons; the truck WAS a cylon.
rusynbyz says:
"Captain, sensors indicate there is a distortion in the space-time continuum."
Fr Martin Fox says:
The Crystalline Entity was so excited to begin work on its conversion van…
Gregg the Obscure says:
The nuns on the bus have completed the knitting of a giant puppet for liturgical use.
seattle_cdn says:
Aliens will travel to Earth in any sketchy van in order to take harbor in the loving arms of Holy Mother Church after the issuing of Martianorum Coetibus
St. Corbinian's Bear says:
Driver: What's that book you're reading?
Passenger: Something called "The Necronomicon." I found it in the back seat. It says, "Argh mosh akhmar–"
Either that or someone's giant sea anemone has arrived.
Cafea Fruor says:
Boss, shaking his head: "How many times do I have to say, I want you to bring me an enemy, an ENEMY, not ANENOME?!"
Vile henchman: "Oh, gee, sorry boss, I just ain't good with homophones…"
VexillaRegis says:
The dyspeptic undertaker had a flare-up in his car.
Father G says:
Play-Doh has announced it is expanding into the automotive industry.
GreggW says:
"Oh, John! The dragon sneezed AGAIN!"
Inocencio says:
The Car of Cthulhu
The Watcher in the Wagon
Comments are closed.

subset: commoncrawl


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Since the mid-2000s, the practice of South-South cooperation in health (SSC) - that is, state-state exchange of technical, financial, and human resources, and policy expertise and support among low- and middle-income countries 1 - has gained growing attention among policymakers, health and foreign affairs ministries, global health agencies, and scholars from a range of fields 2,3,4,5,6,7. While SSC is not new, its rising profile has coincided with two overlapping developments 8. First is the renewed and renamed arena of global health diplomacy, which refers both to formal multilateral and bilateral decision-making around health and to the interaction between health and foreign policy concerns (such as "health security") involving negotiations and cooperation among a range of state and non-state actors 9,10,11,12,13,14. Second is the role of so-called BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), whose global economic and political prominence has been accompanied by increasing SSC involvement, drawing notice from distinct quarters 15,16,17,18,19.
Given this attention, it is important to understand and characterize SSC in both theoretical and political terms. One assumption, frequently advanced by BRICS countries, is that SSC differs in form and orientation from North-South cooperation by the essence of its "Southern-ness" 20,21. Mobilizing their identity as formerly colonized, dominated, and "underdeveloped" countries, BRICS (except Russia) and other "Southern" donors present their efforts as countering the self-interested, hierarchical, and paternalistic cooperation that characterizes most North-South aid 18,22,23,24.
But the South-South moniker used to characterize the leadership in health cooperation by BRICS countries and actors as varied as Thailand and Saudi Arabia, not to mention Venezuela and Cuba, elucidates little about the content of SSC and conflates the "where" of health cooperation with the "who, what, how, and why". While there have been some attempts to theorize global health diplomacy and overall South-South cooperation, these efforts do not sufficiently distinguish, theoretically or politically, among the different kinds of practices and actions under the South-South umbrella 25,26,27. Most importantly, the SSC nomenclature does not take into account relationships of power and terms of engagement between so-called donors and recipients (neither historically dominant countries), the political, economic, and institutional nature of cooperation itself, and the motivations and values underpinning these exchanges 28. Without questioning whether SSC is a continuation of uneven power dynamics in the global (health) arena 29 or has truly distinct social justice dimensions, the term remains both apolitical and undertheorized 25.
In the spirit of bringing political, theoretical, historical, and social justice considerations into discussions of SSC, and based on conceptual deficiencies that we have identified in a comprehensive, multilingual review of the literature 30, this article seeks to fill a gap in understanding of the complexity of SSC, particularly in relation to distinctions in its values and practices. First we revisit the dominant international relations theories that are typically employed to explain SSC, and supplement these with an exploration of Marxian and other heterodox theories ignored in the mainstream literature. We then illustrate the utility of these alternative theories in tracing the historical provenance of SSC, proposing the concept of social justice-oriented South-South cooperation (SJSSC) as a means of distinguishing among different forms of SSC and to enhance understanding of contemporary SSC practices.
Theorizing SSC ~ old wine, new bottles, or new world spirit?
Though SSC is largely discussed in descriptive terms 31, some scholars are seeking to understand what motivates and explains engagement in SSC. Drawing on both mainstream and heterodox conceptions of power on the stage of world politics, they have examined SSC using international relations theories, symbolic capital, and counter-hegemonic solidarity. These theories are not specific to health but are often invoked to explicate health cooperation.
The dominant international relations theories, realism and liberalism, derive from Western capitalist contexts, arguably limiting their relevance to SSC. Realism considers international relations as a tool to advance national interests (state survival and security) and increase state power in an anarchical international system. Realism reduces all inter-state relations - putatively including SSC - to a struggle for military and economic ("hard") power, without attending to the range of nonmaterial driving forces such as ideological values and aspirations for international prestige 32. Liberalism eschews the primacy of power struggles, emphasizing instead the role of liberal values (private property, civil liberties, etc.) and domestic non-state actors and priorities (e.g., "free trade") in shaping foreign policy goals. Liberalism, linked to idealist notions (e.g., humanitarianism), espouses inter-state cooperation 33. Institutionalism draws from both theories, recognizing the potential compatibility of self-interest and international cooperation. Constructivism holds that norms, beliefs, and agency transcend power politics and material motivations 34 but is less a theory than a way of understanding the factors and forces shaping foreign policy 35. Of these theories, realism has been most invoked in SSC.
With the waning of the Cold War and growing transnational interdependence, Joseph Nye theorized a shift in the exercise of state power in the realist account. He pointed out that it was no longer sufficient for states to advance their national interests through the tactics and instruments associated with a hard power approach. The traditional emphasis on military and economic coercion had become both costly and dangerous in this new context and had to be paired or replaced with more intangible aspects of power - what he called "soft power" - to more effectively acquire international leverage 36. Nye influentially described soft power as the ability to use persuasion or cooptation via lower priority areas, especially culture, to shape the ideologies, preferences, and behaviors of other states 36. Since its original formulation, this concept has been widely used by international relations scholars to analyze cooperation between states, including in relation to global health 37,38.
While state, corporate, and philanthropic actors increasingly cite human rights, research partnerships, and development aid as elements of post-Cold War soft power, these activities continue to be driven in a one-sided manner, conferring considerable self-interest in terms of health security, political stability, and global market access 39. More recently, the language of soft power has been adopted by various scholars 27 to frame SSC as championed by China 22 and especially Brazil 40,41.
On one hand, soft power language pushes the debate beyond normative assessments of whether a specific case of health cooperation is inspired by genuine altruism or national opportunism. The soft power approach highlights the strategic value and political nature of all global engagements, even those driven by a selfless and humanitarian impetus 42. On the other hand, soft power constitutes yet another case of universalizing conceptual and methodological tools that are designed in terms of Western foreign policy experiences 43: the concept of soft power fails to capture the distinctive character of much South-South cooperation, even as certain SSC actors have themselves taken up the concept of soft power 44,45.
In large part, this shortcoming stems from the inability of realism to analyze issues of power in close dialogue with the domestic circumstances and the particular international position of Southern countries that are often struggling to assert their autonomy in an unequal world system. As a result, the soft power designation may not adequately account for differences between the ethical orientations and values that inform Western imperialist powers' latitude to pursue soft power (even when hard power may loom in the background) and those that shape made by Southern countries to engage in SSC. Perhaps because of this conceptual inadequacy, scholars who study SSC often find themselves supplementing or substituting the explanatory value of soft power with social justice theories that emphasize the role of ethical commitments 46,47 and shared political interests 48.
In this regard, soft power has also been combined with the related notion of "symbolic capital" to explain the foundation of Southern (especially Cuban) health diplomacy endeavors 49. Coined by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, symbolic capital refers to assets linked to social position, including prestige and legitimacy. In her studies of Cuba, Julie Feinsilver 46 (p. 85) argues that medical diplomacy is a form of "soft power politics" that helps to garner "symbolic capital - prestige, influence, and goodwill - which can translate into diplomatic support and material capital, such as trade or aid" 46 (p. 97). She suggests that this form of capital enables Cuba to defend its socialist system in the face of economic hardships and American imperialist threats. But this selective engagement and adoption of the language of soft power and symbolic capital - while possibly relevant to certain outcomes of Cuba's cooperation - does not fully capture the motivations behind it and applies realist theory in a contradictory manner to a state that is unable to assert power politics.
To be sure, not all scholars see the relevance of (neo-)realist thought for understanding the drivers of global health diplomacy in general and SSC in particular. Rejecting the characterization of Brazil's medical diplomacy as a form of soft power, Matthew Flynn 50 proposes that it embodies the country's social democratic principles. Similarly, Robert Huish 28 argues that the concept of "solidarity" more better captures Cuban experiences of reciprocity with its global health partners and its endeavors to create a "new political landscape of counter-hegemonic resistance". Huish's analysis is partly rooted in contemporary Marxist scholarship, which conceives of state power differently from the realist tradition 28. Scholars like Robert Cox 51 and Stephen Gill 52 cogently argue that the contemporary international system remains organized around a global capitalist order, making the distinctions between hard and soft power subsidiary to the larger political economy logic. Citing Antonio Gramsci's concept of "hegemony", they argue that it is through consent that this social order reproduces itself, and with it, the class relations underpinning global capitalism 51,52. In contrast to Joseph Nye's 53 characterization of soft power as an alternate means of achieving the same self-interested ends as hard power, Gramsci's analysis distinguishes between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic practices of power at the global level.
The Marxist tradition has also hosted debates on the question of sub-imperialism to understand foreign relations of Southern countries within the context of global capitalism. Originally developed by Brazilian economist Ruy Mauro Marini 54 in the 1960s, sub-imperialism refers to the contradictory politics of intermediary powers that depend on dominant forces to protect domestic and transnational elite and corporate interests yet remain semi-autonomous in foreign relations while retaining basic alignment with dominant powers. Applying this to the contemporary context, despite some shifts in class relations under the Workers' Party administrations (2003-2016), Brazil's foreign policy has largely been oriented to reinforcing global capitalist interests (and reproducing Brazilian elite interests therein) rather than representing a new form of social justice internationalism 55. Medical diplomacy potentially serves as an exception, although it is not necessarily altruistic 6. Patrick Bond 56 takes this argument a step further, arguing that not only do BRICS pursue pro-Western business interests, but their sub-imperialist features of domestic super-exploitation, land grabs, and military involvement entrench a global capitalist system based on neoliberalism and armed intervention. Fontes & Garcia 57 argue that Brazil (like other Southern powers) is not sub-imperial but instead is part of a reconfiguration of imperial capitalism involving strong protagonism of the state. Here, the penetration of Brazilian transnational corporations, such as mining giant Vale - backed by the Brazilian state - does not enhance national (including labor) interests, as evidenced by curtailment of worker rights and a bitter strike in Vale's Canadian subsidiary even as Brazilian workers were laid off. Despite ambitions of solidarity by BRICS-led SSC, both sub-imperialist and imperial capitalist theories negate the possibility of BRICS operating outside global capitalist interests.
This begs the question of how else to theorize (and practice) anti-hegemonic alternatives to mainstream international relations. Modern socialist and anarchist theories envisage the possibility of egalitarian exchange in international relations fueled by the collective action of the oppressed 58, deriving from proletarian internationalism tradition elaborated by Karl Marx, Rosa Luxemburg, and Vladimir Lenin, among others 59. In the wake of the 1848 revolutionary uprisings across the world, and despite years of repression against those involved 60, a movement for international working class solidarity was launched in the mid-1860s. This "First International" claimed allegiance of over one hundred organizations and hundreds of thousands of workers from many countries. The movement eventually dissolved amid infighting among anarchists, reformists, and Marx himself (who favored legislative struggles for workers' rights as a precursor to social revolution) and then was reborn as the decades-long "Second International" until nationalist sympathies trumped worker solidarity at the outbreak of World War I. A "Third International" arose with the Russian Revolution, succumbing to Soviet control under the Comintern 61.
Meantime, in Latin America, proletarian internationalism was vividly expressed in José Martí's 1870s-1890s dual call for Cuban independence and transnational solidarity to stave off imperialism (an effort expressed earlier that century in the Bolivarian independence movement). These movements had lasting resonance for social justice-oriented country-to-country cooperation 62, including in recent configurations of inter-state collaboration, such as the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA).
Worldwide proletarian solidarity both informed and inspired leftwing medical cooperation, involving country-to-country exchanges, international medical support for revolutionary movements, and attempts to shape international organizations 63. A notable example is the medical solidarity provided by health worker brigades from around the world to support democratic forces fighting fascism during the 1930s Spanish Civil War 64. While Latin American volunteers comprised an important contingent of medical internationalists to Spain, and Mao's revolutionary efforts also attracted health comrades, most famously Canadian physician Norman Bethune, these were not South-South efforts per se.
After World War II, state-state solidarity materialized in the context of decolonization struggles and socialist politics. Several other critical approaches sought to explain, and counter, the emergent development enterprise, favored by the US and capitalist interests. Dependency theory, articulated by André Gunder Frank among others, argued that the colonial system was replaced by an exploitative international division of capital, resources, and profits that forces peripheral former colonies into trade dependency (exchange of raw materials for manufactured imports) backed by repression, military power, and the complicity of peripheral elites. Undergirding this system is a semi-periphery, in Wallerstein's world-systems theory, engaged in both dimensions, along the way helping attenuate capitalism's contradictions. Dependency theorists emphasized self-reliance, government planning and ownership of industry, and agrarian collectivism; this proffered possibilities for SSC, but some assumed that rupturing core-periphery inequalities need not be accompanied by a complete break with capitalist interests, thereby potentially recreating asymmetries in SSC 65. Post-colonial theory also decries the development paradigm for purporting aid generosity while entrenching North-South domination in alignment with expansion of global capitalism. Emphasizing cultural dimensions and discourse more than political and economic relations, the post-colonial critique lays analytic and rhetorical groundwork, if not concrete tools, for horizontal SSC 66.
How this theoretical heterodoxy might be expressed in the practice of SSC has not always been evident. The USSR under Stalinist authoritarianism was often realist in its foreign policy actions - seeking political alliances alongside building pharmaceutical plants and sponsoring massive fellowship programs. China's early international commitment to mass mobilization for the collective good has transitioned in recent years into a more realist approach of using health cooperation side by side with large-scale economic investment. Cuba's health cooperation, as we shall see, has perhaps most continually operated in the vein of proletarian internationalism, even resisting Soviet pressure to scale back its solidarity approach 47.
With the neoliberal and militarist resurgence of recent decades, Cuba became a rather lonely proletarian internationalist actor, but the reconstruction of class power in the Third World against US/NATO imperialism 67 has brought new prospects, especially in Latin America. The Bolivarian revolution in Venezuela in 1998 was the hallmark of proletarian anti-imperial resistance, also heralding a new form of medical internationalism 68. Yet proletarian internationalism may not adequately capture the full scope of this solidarity-oriented form of SSC. Various Latin American countries of the "pink tide" where center-left governments came to power in the 2000s (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Uruguay), as well as China, India, and South Africa, participate in some variants of health equity-informed SSC without necessarily reflecting proletarian internationalism traditions.
While opening certain explanatory avenues, this theoretical exploration does not sufficiently distinguish among the various forms of SSC in their contemporary guise.
SSC: some historical threads from the Cold War era
SSC's longest roots may be found in Latin America, which experienced decolonization over a century before African, Asian, and Caribbean independence (with the exception of Haiti, which in 1803 became an independent republic). The late 19th century's pan-American movement, largely forced on the region by the US, generated dialogue via regional conferences and professional interchanges in economic, social, cultural, and scientific spheres, albeit with the backdrop of US imperialism and domestic turmoil. Still, a limited form of progressive SSC began in the 1890s with sharing of scientific expertise, secondment of policymakers, and other forms of cross-country support around public health and political movements pushing for improved social conditions 69,70. Specialized agencies, such as the Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB, today Pan American Health Organization - PAHO) and Uruguay's International American Institute for the Protection of Childhood 71, also enabled some decentralized country-to-country policy sharing and advisement 72.
After World War II, North-South health cooperation (purveyed by the US, current/former colonial powers, and new imperial arrangements such as the Colombo Plan; later joined by Soviet bloc efforts) 73 - together with United Nations (UN) multilateralism - were consolidated as the heir to imperial health arrangements, with little apparent alternative. But political forms of SSC also flourished in terms of shared resistance to imperialism. The Global South networks generated by initiatives such as the 1927 World Congress against Imperialism and Colonial Oppression (the first meeting of the League against Imperialism, consciously named to scorn the League of Nations' refusal to recognize colonial self-determination) 74 served as important precursors tor later forms of solidarity, including liberation movements in Africa and Asia, revolutionary struggles in Latin America, and challenges to imperialism in formal UN venues 75.
With many countries in shambles in the aftermath of violent liberation struggles and failing to upend colonial-era state-society political, economic, and social relations 76, prospects emerged for countering neocolonialism in aid and forging a third global political force not compromised by the Cold War rivalry. The 1955 Bandung (Indonesia) Conference gathered leaders from newly decolonized nations of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East who sought to structure cooperation "on the basis of mutual interest and respect for national sovereignty" 77 (p. 95). Six years later, the Nonaligned Movement (NAM, countries affiliated neither with nor against the US-led Western bloc or the Soviet-led Eastern bloc) was created, and in 1964 the Group of 77 (now 134) countries was formed - the largest grouping within the UN. The G-77 began to advocate for the collective economic needs of its members, including fair terms of trade, a concern institutionalized through the UN General Assembly's Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and its principal project - the 1974 call for a New International Economic Order (NIEO).
Heavily resisted by the US and other powerful countries, the NIEO nonetheless helped shape ideas and efforts around social and economic justice 78, including negotiation of a potent but doomed Code of Conduct by the UN's Commission on Transnational Corporations (1975-1992). While not directly connected to health cooperation, the NIEO both inspired and was invoked by the World Health Organization's (WHO's) call for social justice-oriented primary health care to replace technical disease campaigns at the 1978 Alma-Ata conference - a transformation widely supported in the 1970s but stymied by the neoliberal turn the following decade 79. By the 1990s, as the debt crisis swept across G-77 countries, the World Bank had not only upstaged WHO in the realm of health "cooperation", but it coopted both primary health care and poverty reduction efforts in the context of the Bamako Initiative's espousal of user fees and, especially, of several waves of structural adjustment loans with conditionalities imposing the downsizing of government health and social programs and the privatization of health services 80.
The G-77, UNCTAD, and NAM were not focused on South-South cooperation so much as changing the rules of the (global trade, investment, and finance) game. Even so, these initiatives issued action programs favoring cooperation and contributed to a sense of leftist solidarity across the Global South. As an example, in the 1967 Arusha declaration, Tanzania's first post-colonial President Julius Nyerere declared his political party's aim "to build a socialist state" 74. The urgency of Nyerere's call for nationalization of industry, resettlement of the scattered rural population into villages, and universal access to education and health care resonated widely 81. China stepped in to cooperate 82, sending several medical teams to Tanzania and constructing hospitals 22,83 alongside its commitment to build the 1,800km long Tanzania-Zambia railway. Even before, China accepted newly independent Algeria's invitation to send a medical team in 1963, marking its first SSC mission. Thereafter, China cooperated with dozens of African countries 83,84, initially as a form of anti-imperial solidarity and stemming from its model of rural delivery of medical care using "barefoot doctors". Arranged at the level of Chinese province-country cooperation, Chinese SSC underwent a transformation in the 1970s, as it sought international support for its entry into the UN system and increased commercial ties following Mao's death and the country's shift to a market economy 22,85.
No country took on non-aligned, social justice-oriented health cooperation with greater commitment than Cuba, starting soon after its 1959 revolution. Even as half its own doctors were fleeing, Cuba sent a team of medics to earthquake-struck Chile in 1960, the beginning of a policy pairing prompt humanitarian relief with long-term commitments to Southern countries. In subsequent years, Cuba cemented its South-South cooperation on the basis of solidarity and gratitude toward countries that had supported the Cuban revolution. In 1963, despite the US embargo, Cuba sent 56 physicians to Algeria to help the newly independent country meet its enormous health needs after the violent liberation struggle from France 46, succeeded by health cooperation and medical training in Vietnam, Mali, Congo, Guinea, and dozens more countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America involving tens of thousands of Cuban medics 86. Notably, Cuba's SSC did not purely involve socialist countries or revolutionary efforts, despite the views of Argentine physician and Cuban revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara, then Cuba's Minister of Industry, who saw revolution as an extension of social medicine 87.
In the 1970s South-South cooperation was taken up by the UN in an attempt to make the development project more "inclusive," but it responded to NIEO critiques only obliquely and underscored the technical, leaving out the political, dimensions of such cooperation. In 1974 the UN Development Programme set up a special unit for technical cooperation between developing countries, presaged in the Americas by the 1971 Hipólito Unanue Agreement on Health Cooperation between Andean Countries. In 1978 the Buenos Aires Plan of Action (BAPA) for Promoting and Implementing Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries, signed by 138 delegations and endorsed by the UN General Assembly, signaled such cooperation for "mutual benefit and for achieving national and collective self-reliance, which are essential for their social and economic development" 88 (p. 6). BAPA highlighted "strict observance of national sovereignty, economic independence, equal rights and non-interference in domestic affairs of nations" 88 (p. 8), regardless of size, political system, and economic conditions, also (vainly) insisting that such principles were relevant to all forms of cooperation.
Paradoxically, the meeting host, Argentina, was then governed by a repressive US-backed dictatorship - hardly a beacon for enlightened cooperation. Moreover, this effort took place on the eve of the Third World debt crisis, plunging most countries of the Global South into ever greater poverty and subject to structural adjustment loans compelling declines in government spending (including for overseas cooperation). As such, BAPA's implementation was constrained almost immediately by economic difficulties, as well as insufficient human resources, poor coordination, and reported "structural and cultural differences" 89. Only China and Cuba managed to carry the SSC mantle into the 1990s, albeit along divergent routes. Still, BAPA's framing of the importance of self-reliance and capacity-building amid horizontal cooperation makes it a key reference point for contemporary SSC efforts 90,91.
One last episode from this era would prove important to the resurgence of SSC. In the 1980s, Nyerere (whose African socialist project was derailed by the debt crisis and International Monetary Fund policy prescriptions) moved to the international stage to spearhead the South Commission (and its 1990 report). Like BAPA, the South Commission called for mutual learning across the Global South, but the latter emphasized the need for a separate form of Southern development that rejected Northern prescriptions and exploitation 92. While its critique was piercing, the Commission's recommendations were divided, with only a minority calling for collective well-being, rather than profit-oriented growth, as a way forward. The dominant view was that larger countries should serve as "locomotives of the South" 93, bringing along the smaller countries in their wake. These ideas later inspired the formation of the India-Brazil-South Africa group (IBSA) in 2003 and presaged the BRICS in 2006. But it was not clear where Nyerere's hopes would fit in.
Towards a theory of SJSSC
Fast forward 20 years and SSC has burgeoned from the proletarian internationalist practices of a few socialist countries during the Cold War period to the involvement of dozens of countries and a smaller contingent of sizable South-South donors operating in the context of considerable bilateral business investments. Overall South-South "development assistance," encouraged by another round of UN resolutions in the 2000s, has reached between USD 11 and USD 41.7 billion annually 94, tripling in recent years 95. India purveys USD 700 million to over USD 2 billion per year, South Africa almost USD 150 million/year 96. Extrapolating from North-South patterns (Query Wizard for International Development Statistics. http://stats.oecd.org/qwids/, accessed on 27/Feb/2016), at least 25% likely goes to health and humanitarian cooperation.
China is currently the largest player, providing between USD 4 and USD 25 billion per year. It works mostly in Asia and Africa in areas of health, population, water, and sanitation (even as China itself is grappling with problems of water and air pollution and health services coverage) - with the majority of projects focusing on infrastructure and human resource development. As well, the USD 5 billion China-Africa Development Fund provides loans and credits to Africa, plus USD 2.8 billion in canceled debts. In 2015 China announced a new three-year USD 60 billion development and investment package to Africa 97. In Latin America and the Caribbean, China has also become a key source of loans, surpassing lending from the World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank combined, reaching USD 29 billion (plus almost USD 35 billion in credit) and totaling upwards of USD 125 billion since 2005 98. Critics have argued that China is not motivated by solidarity but by its quest for natural resources and to expand markets for its products 99, a charge that is just as applicable, past and present, to high-income country donors, though questioned more among SSC donors.
Brazil, meanwhile, spent USD 160.3 million on SSC in 2010 94 in addition to in-kind technical cooperation for agriculture, education, and health. Brazil's priority regions are Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa, particularly focusing on Portuguese-speaking African countries. Critical concerns have been raised about the coexistence of its bilateral cooperation and corporate interests, such as in Mozambique, where Brazil's mining and construction sectors have major investments 100. Brazil's SSC efforts have also been part of the Workers' Party's National Health Plan, involving training and promoting universal health systems 101. In that sense Brazil serves as an ambivalent, even contradictory, development model, purveying equity-oriented values in its domestic social policies (reducing poverty, expanding educational and health care access, promoting small business; all unraveling in the context of the global financial and commodities crisis and the domestic political crisis), simultaneous to aggressive pursuit of transnational corporate interests in commodities, agriculture, and foreign investment within a global capitalist system 102. A crucial issue remains whether the relative autonomy experienced by Brazil's SSC serves as an exception to its larger geo-economic goals 50,55 or enables them.
All told, we find that neither global health diplomacy - and its invocation of soft power - nor the passively descriptive SSC sufficiently explain the varieties of interaction, especially solidarity-oriented non-hegemonic cooperation, among formerly dominated countries. Yet proletarian internationalism also does not offer an adequate theoretical frame because it supposes solidarity around revolutionary struggles, which is not necessarily the case, as with Cuban medical solidarity. But humanitarian internationalism 47, evoking liberalism's presumption of shared values, is also problematic given humanitarianism's association with charity and militarism 103. Even Brazil's high-minded "structural cooperation in health" involving "building capacity for development, integrating human resource training, organizational strengthening, and institutional development in the context of local resources, rather than passive one-way transfer of knowledge and technology" 90 (p. 25) does not perforce challenge the political and economic status quo.
As such, our proposed term, SJSSC, seeks to fill a conceptual niche: except in analyses of Cuba, social justice does not figure prominently in soft power rationales for SSC. SJSSC draws from emphasis on social rights, including legal obligations and constitutional protections for health-related human rights, and local participatory democracy in areas such as universal comprehensive health care. Key players include Cuba 104, and under certain instances Brazil, China, South Africa, and Venezuela 90,105,106. Various regional blocs also engage in SJSSC, such as ALBA, articulating Third World alliances linked with global civil society 107, and the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), which also seeks "de-neoliberalization" via health diplomacy 108, but not IBSA, which has followed a top-down and mild approach 109.
The principles of SJSSC entail:
• Even terms of engagement, intent on reducing power and resource asymmetries between donor and recipient, elimination of "conditionalities," and explicit recognition of cooperation or mutual exchange (never "aid") 110;
• Counter-hegemonic values - promoting progressive political models; resisting corporate, capitalist, neoliberal interests 111;
• Transformative aspirations, in building social infrastructure, training primary health care practitioners, supporting social rights, and working hand in hand with governments to build lasting and equitable provision of essential needs; and
• Community-based approaches, with priorities defined through local agenda-setting and local populations integral to shaping cooperative activities through their ideas, labor, and decision-making.
By comparison, the blanket term SSC offers scant explanatory rationale for why and how it differs from other forms of development aid. While it may be true that peoples with common histories of oppression are better able to identify and address their own population health problems without having to enter into the unequal power relationships inherent to North-South cooperation, this contention should not be taken at face value. There are also self-interested motives within SSC apparent in China's and Brazil's desire to raise their profile in international politics and become important players in multilateral organizations. These countries' goals, like their extractive interests in Africa, need to be scrutinized when assessing the nature of SSC health projects. China proudly refrains from imposing conditionalities around its cooperation and loans 112, but these efforts take place concurrent to primary resource extraction (oil and mining). Meanwhile, Brazil's commitment to "structural cooperation" focuses on country-determined needs rather than outside agenda-setting and involves long-term investment in infrastructure, local institution-building, and the social determinants of health 90. For example, Brazil sends physicians and other health care personnel (e.g., lab technicians) to Portuguese-speaking countries in sub-Saharan Africa (such as Angola and Mozambique) to assist in the capacity-building of their HIV and tuberculosis programs 6, and has established an ARV factory in Mozambique 45. Yet deep investments in mining and construction operate in parallel to health diplomacy 113. Nonetheless within Latin America, Brazil's leadership in UNASUR around disease surveillance, health human resources policy, universal health systems development, access to medications, and policy cooperation regarding social determinants of health and health promotion (including unified regional deliberations with WHO) has been carried out on more equal footing 108,114.
South-South cooperation that is truly social justice-oriented, guided by common political values around redistribution, social rights, shared power, and solidarity with social and political movements fighting for health equity, distinguishes SJSSC from prevailing models of global health cooperation. These more solidarity-inspired forms of SSC contesting the orthodox, self-interested, and "realist" geopolitical-economic forces propelling this field have been enabled by a confluence of factors, including the (re)election over recent decades of leftist parties on social redistribution, welfare regime-building, and social rights platforms 115,116, coupled with economic growth in certain large middle-income countries, such as Brazil and Venezuela. Within sub-Saharan Africa, too, growing interest in health diplomacy stresses regional unity, an ethic of liberation, and equitable forms of development 117.
Although SJSSC activities incorporate features of other types of cooperation, such as health personnel training, human resources exchange, provision of health care equipment and infrastructure, drug production and distribution, and surgical interventions, there is also greater attention to primary health care and anti-hegemonic policy activism (such as against monopolistic patent protections) 50.
Revisiting Cuba's longstanding protagonist role in SJSSC: since 1960 almost 140,000 Cuban medical professionals have served in over 100 countries, including South Africa, Haiti, Pakistan (after the disastrous 2005 earthquake), Angola, Guatemala, Bolivia, Vietnam and Sierra Leone (2014-2015 Ebola response). Historically, most countries it has helped, including Haiti, provided no payment or quid pro quo for services 86, although this is starting to change, as with the 14,000 doctors contracted by Brazil in 2014 to provide primary care in underserved areas. Building on its training of tens of thousands of professionals in the nine new medical faculties it helped create and dozens of others it has supported, in 1999 the Cuban government founded the Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM) dedicated to increasing the number of low- and middle-income coutries doctors serving marginalized populations. Particularly intent on training those from minority and impoverished backgrounds, ELAM provides full scholarships on the condition that graduates return to practice in their home communities. To date, some 25,000 people from over 80 countries and dozens of ethnic backgrounds have graduated as physicians 118. Currently there are more than 20,000 students from almost 120 countries enrolled in medical faculties across Cuba, including around 200 US students from low-income and racial minority backgrounds. This endeavor has been enabled by Cuba's large investment in physician training since the 1959 revolution 47. In 2014, for example, approximately 50,000 Cuban health personnel were working in over 60 countries, "a larger workforce than the Red Cross, Médecins Sans Frontières, and UNICEF combined" 28 (p. 261).
Arguably, the best illustration of SJSSC in practice is Cuban cooperation with Venezuela's Misión Barrio Adentro (Inside the Neighborhood), established through an agreement between the late Presidents Fidel Castro and Hugo Chávez to "exchange" Cuban doctors for Venezuelan oil - filling reciprocal needs. Inaugurated in 2003 at the behest of the mayor and constituents of one of Caracas's poorest neighborhoods who were fed up with incessantly delayed government promises for health care and Venezuelan doctors' refusal to serve them, Misión Barrio Adentro turns the principles of global health cooperation upside down. Rather than an international agency selecting the activity and setting the terms of cooperation, community-level committees - now located throughout the country - host over 14,000 Cuban doctors and dentists to live in their neighborhoods and serve as their practitioners, following a principle of solidarity (at a popular level) and exchange (at the level of the state) instead of aid. These doctors are not privileged short-term consultants, but rather eat and sleep in the same shantytown dwellings where they practice.
Misión Barrio Adentro's "bottom-up" approach emphasizes participatory democracy and management spanning multiple domains, including housing, education, employment, and neighborhood improvement 119,120. Over 3,200 popular health clinics were built in poor neighborhoods that had never before enjoyed such attention to their (health) needs. Access to primary care doubled, reaching near universality, and over 530 million medical consultations have been carried out under the program 121. In 2010 Venezuela's Bolivarian government began an ambitious program to train its own community physicians and reduce dependence on foreign doctors. By March 2015 almost 19,000 Venezuelan physicians had graduated with degrees in Integral Community Medicine and begun working with Misión Barrio Adentro. Amid ongoing political and economic turbulence, including an inconsistent economic policy and an economic war orchestrated by the country's social elite, the government remains committed to the program; still, Venezuela has been deeply affected by the global recession ending the commodities boom (the main source of government income) and boycotts by the domestic and global corporate class 122. Moreover, Misión Barrio Adentro faces the challenges of not being integrated with the existing state public health system (the two still operate mostly in parallel) and of funding community health workers, who currently work as volunteers 123.
At its heart, nonetheless, Misión Barrio Adentro's heeding of SJSSC principles of symmetrical agenda-setting, resisting neoliberal capitalism, transformative cooperation, and a community-based approach, make this effort solidarity-oriented on an entirely different level from other SSC activities.
Shared experiences of colonial and economic domination of countries engaged in SSC is often understood to make them cognizant of, and able to redress, the shortcomings of dominant North-South forms of health and development aid. At minimum, SSC does not dictate the terms of cooperation, instead responding to national and local demands for greater equity. SSC has also been posed as an antidote to aid asymmetries and problems because "Southern" countries are considered to have similar governance and bureaucratic challenges 4, coupled with analogously complex health needs, enabling them to benefit from exchange of policy ideas, human resources, technology, and know-how.
BRICS and other recent Southern donors appear to be pursuing a novel paradigm of mutual assistance via progressive language around shared development and true partnership, but social justice paradigms are not systematically reflected in SSC 20. Presently, Cuba stands out - at times joined by Brazil, Venezuela, South Africa, and China - as moving beyond the rhetoric of solidarity to pursue bona fide SJSSC.
SJSSC differs from SSC in delinking health cooperation from standard realist (including soft power) foreign policy and commercial objectives, even as other foreign policy aims remain present: SJSSC derives from shared egalitarian ideology and aspirations for health and social well-being, not necessarily based on internationalism's revolutionary struggle, but on common, progressive, usually anti-capitalist values across like-minded peoples. This "solidarious political consciousness" 62 is bolstered by the material nature of medical cooperation - offering concrete improvements in people's lives. Although SJSSC increasingly entails a monetary or material exchange, it is in no way a quid pro quo for facilitating corporate interests 124. Perhaps most importantly, SJSSC is incompatible with neoliberalism and does not seek to resolve the contradictions of global capitalism to enable its endurance.
To be sure, SSC, especially as practiced by BRICS countries, may generate ambiguous motivations. In Brazil, many involved in the national health agency's cooperation are driven by SJSSC-like social democratic values 50, even as activities are nested within Brazil's sizable South-South capitalist investments and the country's foreign policy interests. That this tension cannot be satisfactorily resolved is evidenced in the 2016 downfall of the governing Workers' Party, which despite great strides in poverty alleviation did not manage to redistribute fiscal and political power, in all likelihood jeopardizing SJSSC prospects into the near future.
Indeed, for all its global health solidarity potential, SJSSC's flourishing period in Latin America is currently under threat 106,125. The global economic downturn has had a profound impact on commodity markets affecting the state revenues of key Latin American countries engaged in SSC. Thus, both SSC and SJSSC are at a turning point, offering an opportunity to see what elements will endure and which will have constituted a sideline to the pursuit of realist interests of capital accumulation in the Global South.


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Carter Holt Harvey Employee Reviews for Quality Controller in Auckland City, Auckland
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It is a very productive and we always have fun but everyone wish to have that company back because its close down (redundancy)
I love my job I worked 12hrs a night that means 4on and 4off in other words 4days @ work and 4days off. Anyway the beauty of my job is filling in report and ready for the next shift just to let them know if there is an on going problem during our run. Hardest part of the job when our packer went for her break and I have to cover her. I worked with friendly bundle of team nice people with good attitude
Yes company offered free lunch if our team reached the target of the month
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4,800 Posts
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Yesterdays Crank and Chrome featured how to set up a shop. Dindn't see the whole thing but they were showing how to set up your compressed air and other things. I'm sure it'l be on all week at various times and it might be worth a look since you are going down that road.
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Watch: Pet Dog Tries to Wake up Cat Who Died in Road Accident in Viral Video
The dog can be seen dragging the cat's carcass to the side of the road after trying to revive it | Image credit: Twitter
The cat, called Moggie, was allegedly hit by a speeding vehicle and then left right there in the middle of the road on the night of October 28 in Guangyuan in South-Western China.
- Trending Desk
- Last Updated: November 06, 2020, 18:27 IST
A dog tried to save his cat-friend after the latter was struck in a road accident. Even though dogs and cats are through to be sworn enemies, this incidents shows that empathy and sympathy can cross all barriers. The heart-breaking moment was caught on camera in China.
The dog called Black Panther stayed in the middle of the road amidst oncoming traffic while his feline acquaintance laid on the road, dead. In the video, he can be seen desperately pawing at the corpse and then nudging it with his snout- all in an attempt to wake up the cat. Whenever a car comes around, he nudges the corpse to the left or right to avoid getting hit once again.
The cat, called Moggie, was allegedly hit by a speeding vehicle and then left right there in the middle of the road on the night of October 28 in Guangyuan in Sichuan Province, in South-Western China. The video uploader, Wang Xiaolong, told the media that the cat was already hit (and probably dead) when the dog spotted it.
According to a report in Daily Mail, Wang was on his way back home when, at around 7 pm, he came across the heart-breaking incident and slowed his car and ultimately stopped to help. The video went viral on a Chinese video-sharing app Douyin. People were moved by the dog sniffing and trying to revive his dead mate.
"At first, the dog used its mouth and one leg to try to wake up the cat so [the cat] could leave the busy road and avoid being run over again. After it failed, it was so desperate it used both of his forelegs to try to carry the cat," said Wang. Ultimately, he used his mouth and forelimbs to drag the cat to the side of the road, away from all the vehicles, said Wang.
The dog's owner said when Black Panther was taken back to the site of the accident, they discovered that she had been buried. He allegedly would not stop looking for the departed cat.
The owner explained that Black Panther was used to taking his evening walks around the neighbourhood by himself, which is why the owner wasn't present at the site. He found out about his dog's heroism after watching it on social media.


text: This bruschetta with tomato and basil can make for a healthy snack that can keep you full and has only 125 cal. It is easy to prepare and has an aromatic garlic flavor. The tomatoes make it rich in antioxidant lycopene that can help fight the free radicals in the body. Ingredients 2 small tomatoes ( chopped and deseeded) 2 garlic cloves (chopped) 1 tsp garlic paste 2 slices whole wheat bread 1 tbsp basil leaves (chopped) 2 tsp olive oil Method Mix 1 tsp oil with garlic paste. Cut the bread into half and apply the garlic paste on


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Manchester City continue to push for a move for Sergi Roberto. He has made 282 first-team appearances for the Blaugrana since 2010-11 season.
City continue to push for a deal to land Barcelona midfielder Sergi Roberto this summer and have informed the Catalan club of their interest.
The details are outlined by the front page of Saturday's edition of Diario Sport, which claims the English club have made their intentions clear for the player but the Spain international is happy at the Camp Nou.
The versatile midfielder debuted under current City boss Guardiola for the Blaugrana in the 2010/11 season. And he spent two campaigns under him in the first-team squad.
However, any exit appears to be increasingly complicated by the fact that Barcelona are considering selling Nelson Semedo this summer. There is no other option at right-back in the current first-team squad.
28-year-old Sergi Roberto is under contract at the Camp Nou until 2022.
Credit: Football Espana


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Oil Stocks Are Finally Bouncing Back - This year has been a true rollercoaster ride for the U.S. oil and gas market, but it is increasingly looking to end on a high note. The sector is up nearl...
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we're not into opera but we always considered beverly sills to be one classy lady. we always enjoyed seeing her on programs like the muppet show or the tonight show starring johnny carson and we are sorry to learn of her passing.
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26 Dec 2019 | 01:20 AM UTC
Fiji: Tropical Depression 03F to impact Fiji and Rotuma December 26-27
Weather officials forecast Tropical Depression 03F to impact several islands across Fiji and Rotuma between December 26-27; heavy rain, strong wind, rough seas, flooding, and associated disruptions expected
The Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) issued a statement at 13:00 (local time) on Thursday, December 26, forecasting Tropical Depression 03F to impact Fiji and Rotuma from Thursday, through to at least Friday, December 27. The weather service expects heavy rain and thunderstorms across Fiji on Thursday, followed by damaging winds and high seas on Friday. In Rotuma, the FMS forecasts strong winds with speeds between 45-65 kph (28-40 mph) on Thursday, as well as very rough to high seas, heavy rain, sea flooding, and thunderstorms. The meteorology agency also announced that a tropical cyclone alert and heavy rain warnings are in place for all islands across Fiji, while a gale warning is in force for Rotuma.
As of 12:00 on Thursday, 03F is located at approximately 10.6°S 175.4°E (map here) and is moving south-southwest at 10 kph (6 mph). The FMS forecasts the depression to gradually intensify into a tropical cyclone on Friday, with momentary gusts up to 95 kph (59 mph). Associated flooding, landslides, and transportation disruptions are anticipated, as well as disruptions to power and communication services.
Individuals in the affected areas are advised to monitor local weather reports, avoid areas directly affected by flooding, confirm road conditions before setting out, anticipate transportation disruptions, and adhere to instructions issued by local authorities. Avoid walking or driving through floodwaters; 15 cm (6 in) of running water is enough to knock over an adult.


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Home Tags Posts tagged with "goats"
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Winter warmth could lead to greater parasite risk for sheep and...
Barber pole worms are prevalent during lambing and kidding season and the milder winter weather sets the stage for a significant infestation.
Get ready for birthing season: A guide for small ruminants
These birthing preparations for facilities, medical, nutrition and equipment/supplies are great for first-timers and are also a useful reminder for us seasoned farmers.
How to understand the livestock markets
Understanding the terms in a livestock market report can be confusing. Here is a quick run down of what the terms being used on livestock during a sale means.
Turkeyfoot Creek Creamery gives dairy goats a place
Fulton County man finds labor of love through goats and goat cheese production.
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Goats are superior land managers; they will clear overgrown areas of crop and pasture of unwanted vegetation, overbearing brush and invasive plants.
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An alternative to mowers and weed whackers to clear stream banks has been tried by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, according to the Le Mars Daily Sentinel.
Goat, sheep webinars to educate farmers on drought, nutrition
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - Purdue Extension will present two webinars to educate goat and sheep farmers on feeding practices following the drought, managing forage...
Sheep, goat sale grosses nearly $65,000
Top-selling buck brings $2,000, top ram $1,100 at Livestock Evaluation


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Hanwha Q CELLS Wins Solar Cell Patent Lawsuit in China
Hanwh Q CELLS announced on Nov. 17 that a Chinese state agency has sided with it in a lawsuit filed by China's photovoltaic manufacturer LONGi Solar to nullify the Korean company's patents.
In July and August 2019, LONGi Solar filed the lawsuit with the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China to nullify two Hanwha Q CELLS patents related to PERC cells based on silicon-based high-efficiency cell technology. In early November 2020, the office announced that Hanwha Q CELLS' patents were valid. PERC refers to technology that boosts energy conversion efficiency by inserting a passivation layer made of a dielectric material into a solar cell.
Hanwha Q CELLS explained that the judgment confirms its intellectual property rights are protected in China, which accounts for the largest portion of PERC production worldwide.
Hanwha Q CELLS previously filed patent infringement lawsuits in Germany in 2019 against three companies — Jinko Solar, LONGi Solar, and REC — which violated the patented PERC technology. In June, Germany's Dusseldorf District Court ruled in favor of Hanwha Q CELLS in the first trial. As a result of the verdict, the defendant companies will not be able to import and sell patent-infringing products in Germany and are obliged to recall such products that have been distributed since Jan. 30, 2019.


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The holiday travel rebound U.S. airlines were anticipating is starting to wobble. Surging coronavirus cases have caused a "weakening" in bookings, American Airlines Group Inc. President Robert Isom said Thursday at a Skift conference.
Earlier in the day, United Airlines Holdings Inc. followed Southwest Airlines Co. in warning that more customers are scrapping their trips.
"There has been a deceleration in system bookings and an uptick in cancellations as a result of the recent spike in Covid-19 cases," United said in a regulatory filing.
The slowdown threatens airlines' push for a modest holiday sales boost at the end of a year in which air travel collapsed because of the coronavirus pandemic.
Only two weeks ago, United was adding flights for the week of Thanksgiving, saying it expected its busiest week since March. Now, government leaders are discouraging travel, with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control being the latest to urge Americans to stay home.
The CDC's guidance Thursday came a day after Anthony Fauci, the influential director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, recommended that people "think twice" about traveling over the holidays. That sets up the potential for increased tension between public health officials and the nation's battered airlines.
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A Standard & Poor's index of U.S. airlines was little changed at 1:18 pm. in New York. Southwest advanced 0.6%


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Term 2 saw 20 students from Year 4 to Year 6 take part in Aquathon Training. Training was run over a 2 hour session once a week focusing on swimming, transitioning and running. The Aquathon Race consists of a 250m swim and a 1km run done by each individual in a team of 6.
AISHK sent two teams to Kellett in May and KGV last Saturday. KGV is the pinnacle of primary school Aquathon with 26 teams competing from 15 top International Schools.
Congratulations to our A Team who placed 4th narrowly missing 3rd by 16 seconds. Benji Miles was our leading team member finishing the course in 9.11 followed by Charlie Ware, Amelia Larcombe, Aavni Ahuja, Albert Wang and Luella Smart.
Congratulations to our B Team for being the top ranked B Team, beating 8 schools A Teams and placing 8th overall. Charlie Bull was our leading team member finishing the course in 9.41 followed by Amelie Gibson, Cheuk Yiu Lam, Amelia Lai, Sean Baxter and Sophia Zervaas.
We also had two reserves who raced on Saturday, Jack Ridley and May Baxter. Their performances were sizzling and recorded times which rivaled many others.
8th: AISHK B- 60.47
4th: AISHK A- 56.33
3rd: GSIS A- 56.17
2nd: KELL PF- 55.43
1st: KENN A- 52.61
Training will begin at the end of Term 1 2018 for another shot at the title.
Niall Bennie | Director of Sport and Activities


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Joe Biden – Doyle McManus: Why Joe Biden ought to learn his former boss's new memoir | Columns
LOS ANGELES (Tribune Information Service) — Former President Barack Obama has some recommendation for Joe Biden.
First, don't anticipate overtures to Republicans in Congress to provide bipartisan cooperation; they gained't. Second, don't anticipate voters to note if you happen to do something proper. When a coverage succeeds, shout it from the rooftops. And third, don't anticipate any assist from the purportedly liberal media; they're a part of the issue as a lot as the answer.
The 44th president has disclaimed any intent to kibitz as No. 46 prepares for the White Home. "He doesn't need my advice," Obama stated [last] week. However in his surprisingly confessional 768-page memoir, "A Promised Land," and in interviews he has given to market it, Obama has supplied loads of recommendation nonetheless, principally by detailing his personal errors.
Begin with bipartisanship, the lofty theme that arguably made Obama president within the first place. Due to the bitter polarization of the 2 political events, he writes, it turned out to not be attainable in 2009.
"There was a pervasive nostalgia in Washington, both before I was elected and during my presidency, for a bygone era of bipartisan cooperation," he writes. However Republican leaders "didn't want compromise and consensus. They wanted war."
In a single passage that Biden ought to learn fastidiously, Obama writes frankly about how his want for bipartisanship slowed down passage of his well being care invoice in 2010.
"I think that there is a way to reach out and not be a sap," Obama instructed NPR this week. "If (Senate Republican leader) Mitch McConnell or others are refusing to cooperate, at some point you've got to take it to the court of public opinion."
"The challenge that I discovered … is that an obstructionist strategy oftentimes is not punished by voters in the polls," he warned.
One other of his rookie errors, he writes, was anticipating voters to note his successes. In 2009, Obama enacted a middle-class tax minimize — however as an alternative of sending taxpayers a pleasant fats test, he took his economists' recommendation and merely lowered tax withholding, making the tax minimize virtually invisible.
"Surveys showed that the majority of Americans believed that I'd raised rather than lowered their taxes," he complains in his memoir.
"FDR never would have made such mistakes, I thought," he writes. "FDR understood that to be effective … you had to sell your program, reward supporters, punch back against opponents, and amplify the facts that helped your cause."
"One piece of advice that I would give Joe (is that) you have to constantly market and explain what you are doing," he instructed NPR. "We figured that out, but a little bit later than we probably should have."
And one other tip: The media — particularly social media — are a giant a part of the issue.
"You have a situation in which large swaths of the country genuinely believe that the Democratic Party is a front for a pedophile ring," he stated in an interview with The Atlantic, referring to the conspiracy concept peddled by adherents of the internet-based QAnon motion. "I don't hold the tech companies entirely responsible, because this predates social media. It was already there. But social media has turbocharged it."
"The First Amendment doesn't require private companies to provide a platform for any view that is out there," he added. "At the end of the day, we're going to have to find a combination of government regulations and corporate practices that address this, because it's going to get worse."
Biden has stated he desires modifications within the 1996 regulation that offers on-line platforms broad immunity from legal responsibility for user-generated content material. However the conventional media gained't give Biden a straightforward experience, both, Obama warns.
"What separates even the most liberal writers from their conservative counterparts," he writes, is "the willingness to flay politicians on their own side."
Can anybody repair all these issues with trendy democracy? Biden may be the suitable individual to strive, if for no different cause than, relating to temperament, he's the anti-Obama — an old school politician, not a cold post-modern coverage wonk.
"We couldn't have been more different, at least on paper," Obama recollects in his memoir. "If I was seen as temperamentally cool and collected … Joe was all warmth, a man without inhibitions, happy to share whatever popped into his head."
"His lack of a filter periodically got him into trouble," Obama provides. "His style was old school, he liked the limelight, and he wasn't always self-aware."
Apart from, Biden is aware of how the Senate works — and is aware of all too nicely that Mitch McConnell isn't any pushover, Obama writes. All that useful recommendation from a former president? Biden knew most of it already.
In spite of everything, Biden was current throughout all the Obama administration's travails. In his 36 years within the Senate, he butted heads with McConnell greater than as soon as. He's at all times been a back-slapping salesman greater than an Obama-style wonk. And he has few illusions concerning the media. In spite of everything, all of them however pronounced his presidential candidacy useless throughout this yr's major marketing campaign.
That makes Biden's presidency an intriguing real-world experiment: Can his old school politics work higher than Obama's trendy cool? From his memoir, apparently the previous president has already requested himself: May Obama have been extra profitable if he been extra like Uncle Joe?
Doyle McManus is a columnist for the Los Angeles Occasions. Readers may ship emails to email@example.com. Distributed by Tribune Content material Company. © 2020 Los Angeles Occasions.


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8:30. I had scheduled the sale for now because she said she wouldn't be able to make it till late tonight, and since I would be working late anyway, I offered to have the sale now.
I could hear a ship docking in the personal area for our office. When I got out there to meet the customer, I noticed her ship looked pretty beat up, no wonder she wanted a new one. I doubted it make it up to ten C.
She got out of the ship, dressed in a very tight fitting blue jumpsuit. I made a mental note to conduct the sale at a table, where she couldn't see below my waist. She waved at me and said
"So, you the guy selling me a ship?
"Yes, I've got a whole presentation layed out for you in here." I already told you, I am the guy who stays up all night doing this, just cause.
"I just have four questions, how fast is it, how tough is it, what's the fire rate, and when can you get it to me." She said this as though she was already bored with the proceedings, like she'd done this a hundred times before. Not wanting to annoy her anymore than she already was, I figured I'd just answer them all and be done with it. I did know just about everything about this ship.
"Well," she looked very annoyed at this, like she expected me to say "that's very complex" or something to that effect. "it can go at 93 C, a 21 C increase over what you have now even when it was new. It fires 12,000 rounds per minute, which is only a thousand increase over your model, but it is 25% less likely to jam. I know you know how important that is. And, I can get it to you tonight, if you have the money on you."
"I've got the money, 2,345,000 seguro correct?"
"Dead on."
"Well someone's looking forward to making this sale, do you get a commision or are you just a good boy?"
"Nice, so that would be 80,000 a month?"
"170 with my salary."
"How'd you like to make 200 keeping my new ship in order, of course you'd have to travel with me. Still, big raise."
"I could start in two weeks, not saying I've made up my mind though."
"I'm not going to say it will be fun, I'm not exactly a party animal."
"Neither am I, why do you think I agreed to do this at 8:30?"
"So, you in."
"Sure. I'll see you in two weeks."
After I had sorted through all of the paperwork, I watched as the sexiest women I had yet met, walked into a ship, knowing in two weeks I would be living with her. Not in a sexual way. Unless she feels that way.
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No matter how big your house is, how recent your car is, or how big your bank account is. Our graves will always be the same size. Stay Humble.
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