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Yesterday and Today
On-line version ISSN 2309-9003
Print version ISSN 2223-0386
Y&T n.12 Vanderbijlpark Dec. 2014
Historic Environment Education - Vaal River tunnels: The forgotten history of the early days of coal in the Vereeniging area
Louisa Meyer; Johann Strauss
School of Education North-West University (Vaal Triangle) email@example.com & email@example.com
This article describes a part of the history of coal in the Vereeniging area which has, as far as could be determined, not been documented in detail before. Information was obtained from written primary and secondary as well as oral sources. In the article it is also explained how this content can be integrated into Social Sciences, History and Geography teaching as part of historic environment education.
Keywords: Historic environment; GW Stow; Tunnels; Discovery of coal; Time travel; Vaal River.
The historic environment is an important teaching source that is often not integrated well enough in the teaching of history. According to Westergren (2006), the historic environment comprises of everything in the environment created by man. These historical sites could be 10 000, 1000, 100 or even one year old. Historic environment education is about life and societies of yesterday, today and in the future.
Local environment and local heritage are the starting points for historic environment education. Studying historic places and heritage gives learners a historic dimension and historic perspective. Teaching at historic sites gives a feeling of genuineness that heightens the experience (Westergren, 2006).
In the Vaal Triangle there are numerous places of historical interest and importance. This article discuss the tunnels that ran underneath the Vaal River in the Vereeniging area. This part of the history covers the period 1878 - 1914 (Leigh, 1968:16).
Early years of coal in the Vereeniging region
1. After the discovery of diamonds in the Kimberley region in 1866 the demand for coal increased. At first wood from the indigenous thorn trees in the region was used but this source was soon depleted. The Republic of the Orange Free State appointed George William Stow to search for coal (Smith, 1967:62). Stow discovered coal south of the Vaal River in 1878 (Leigh, 1968:112) in the region of the confluence of Taaiboschspruit and the Vaal River but the government of the Orange Free State did not regard it as valuable (Prinsloo, 1992:59). Samuel Marks, a prosperous Kimberley diamond magnate, heard of Stow's mineral investigations and discovery of coal in the Northern Orange Free State and adjoining Transvaal. This resulted in a meeting between them and the formation of a company called "De Zuid-Afrikaansche en Oranje Vrijstaatse Kolen en Mineralen Vereeniging". Stow was rewarded with shares in the company. The name of the company was too long and it was referred to as " De Vereeniging" by the man in the street and in 1892 the town was officially registered as Vereeniging (Smith, 1967:65). On behalf of the company Stow bought the farm Leeukuil in 1880 and Klipplaatdrift in 1881 (Leigh, 1968:21).
Marks wanted to transport the coal to Kimberley by means of flat bottomed boats (barges) on the Vaal River (Leigh, 1968:17). Coal was transported from the Central mine (See map number 1) to Kimberley and from 1892 by ox wagon to Johannesburg after the discovery of gold (1886). The first railway bridge across the Vaal River was built in 1892 and up till then ox wagons had to cross the Vaal River at the drifts. The best known of these drifts was Viljoensdrift. The first bridge across the Vaal River to link the Orange Free State with Transvaal was a wooden bridge that was opened by presidents Kruger (Transvaal) and Brandt (Orange Free State) on 20 May 1892. This also created a road from the Cape to Johannesburg. In November 1892 this bridge was replaced by a steel bridge (Centenary Brochure, 1992:7).
These two bridges were situated just north east of the current F W de Klerk bridge. Toll had to be paid to use the bridges which resulted in the transport of coal becoming expensive. After 1892 many transport drivers still transported coal from the Orange Free State to Transvaal (Gauteng) through the drifts (Centenary Brochure, 1992:4).
There were also other drifts through the Vaal River and other tunnels underneath the river. A local farmer had his own pont that could be used by transport drivers at a fee. The same farmer later dug a tunnel underneath the Vaal River but that collapsed (Milani, 2013). According to Leigh (1968:115) there were also tunnels underneath the Vaal River before the South African War (1899 - 1902) in the vicinity of the Viljoensdrift crossing, as well as one in 1905. Little information is available on the tunnels except that they were used to bring coal to the Transvaal side.
The width of the Vaal River varied according to the season and as a result it was more difficult to cross the river during the rainy summer season. During the winter months the width was approximately 15 meters and the depth less than 0.3 meters which made it possible to cross it by ox wagon (Centenary Brochure, 1992:4-7). During summer it was wider and deeper. According to statistics the width was between 70-80 meters at times and the depth two meters and even deeper at times (Leigh, 1968:28-29). A pont (26°42,28'S & 27°54,85'E) was also in use but once again the toll made the transport cost expensive. Viljoensdrift was situated at approximately 26°42,3'S & 27°55,2'E (Centenary Brochure, 1992:4).
The drift was just south of the present dumping site and approximately 3,2 km north of Viljoensdrift station, in other words very close to the Central coal mine. When the Vaal River Barrage Reservoir was built in 1923 the width of the river expanded (Roodt, 1982:9). Infiltration of water also increased due to the wider river. At present the width of the river is approximately 150 meters where it crosses the original tunnel (Google Earth, 2014).
The tunnels
When the above-mentioned facts are taken into consideration, the digging of the tunnels makes sense. The first tunnel, built by the mining companies in 1913 started at the old Betty shaft of the Central East Coal mine (See map number 2). The entrance of the tunnel, known as Camp Pit (Leigh, 1968:116) was on the property of the "Brick and Tile Company or Vereeniging Refractories". The area now belongs to Meds Distribution (Cosmos). Camp Pit had one inlet but underground it divided into two. One tunnel let air in and out whilst the other tunnel transported coal from the Cornelia mine (Orange Free State) to Transvaal underneath the river by means of coco pans on a rail (See image 2).
The coordinates of the tunnel inlet or incline shaft (Betty shaft) is 26°41, 7'S & 27°55,5'E, just east of the current building of the Camp Pit substation (See image 2 & image 1). Approximately 90 meters from the entrance of the incline shaft the tunnel split into two. The two tunnels split at an angle of 55°. The eastern tunnel served as air tunnel. The tunnel stretched for approximately 0,5 kilometers in an east-south-easterly direction underneath the Vaal River where it connected with the underground works of the Cornelia mine in the Orange Free State. The eastern tunnel crossed the Vaal River approximately 250m downstream of the present-day railway bridge. The coordinates of the tunnel-river crossing is approximately 26°41,8'S & 27°55,9'E (See map number 2)(RSA National Geo-spatial Information, 2010 & Knapton, 2014).
Coal from the Cornelia mine in the Orange Free State was transported via the southern tunnel underneath the Vaal River to the Central East Mine by coco pans on a rail (Knapton, 2014). The main reasons for transporting the coal via the tunnels to the Transvaal side were apparently the following:
ii. the high cost of toll;
iii. approximately 200 ton coal was needed every week for the gold mines in Johannesburg (Willemse,1999:32);
iv. the Central East mine was already exhausted in 1910 (Smith, 1967:66), and
v. the low quality ofcoal from the Central and Central East mines (Leigh,1968:116).
In 1913 Camp Pit was started in the immediate vicinity of the exploited Central East coal mine (Smith,1967:69). The entrance today is filled up and the original location of Camp Pit can be seen in image 2. The building to the west of the tunnel inlet as indicated on image 2 is today known as the Camp Pit substation (Dickerson, 2014).
General characteristics of the southern tunnel through which the coal was transported:
• Length - 991 meters.
• Width: at the entrance approximately 2,5 meters but deeper in 3,3 meters.
• Height: 2 meters and at the entrance 2,5 meters (Leigh,1968:116, confirmed by Knapton, Dickerson, Black & Grimbeeck, 2014).
• The tunnel was approximately 30 meters underneath the Vaal River (Leigh, 1968:116).
• Gradient: according to Smith (1967:77) coal layer ONE was mined in the Cornelia mine in the Orange Free State at a depth of 67 meters. The average gradient of the tunnel was thus 1:15. It therefore seems that the part of the tunnel closer to the entrance of Camp Pit/Central East coal mine was steeper than closer to the works section of the Cornelia mine (See image 3).
The tunnels were lined with cement and bricks to strengthen it and make it more waterproof. The tunnels later filled up with seepage of river water as well as flood water. In 1986 the tunnel was filled up with different kinds of material as a safety measure by Vereeniging Refractories (Knapton, 2014). Just before the closing of the tunnel the water level was about 30 m from the entrance. The content of the lime in the water was higher than that of the Vaal River but mr. Grimbeeck who tested the water on a regular basis, claimed that the water was in general cleaner than that of the Vaal River before the tunnel was closed. This could perhaps have been because of the seepage. Grimbeek also confirmed that the water level differed very little from one season to another.
Time travel to the tunnels as part of local history
Time travel can effectively be done in the Social Sciences, History and Geography classes. According to the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS ) of the Department of Basic Education (DBE), the specific aims of History are to create:
• an interest in and enjoyment of the past;
• the ability to undertake a process of historical enquiry based on skills, and
• an understanding of historical concepts, including historical sources and evidence (Department of Basic Education (DBE) 2011a).
One of the specific aims for Geography according to the DBE (2011b) is to understand the interaction between society and the natural environment.
Specific content topics related to this study for Social Sciences, according to the DBE (2011c), could be the following:
• Social Sciences, History, grade 5, A heritage trail through the provinces of South Africa;
• Social Sciences, History, Grade 8, The Mineral revolution in South Africa and
• Social Sciences, Geography, grade 5, Minerals and mining in South Africa.
By doing time travel in an historic environment, history and geography can become "alive" resulting in deeper insight, understanding and enjoyment. Places of historical importance in the Vaal Triangle are amongst others the Block House situated on the R59 north of Meyerton, rock art (Redan), the Vaal Teknorama museum, Constitution Square in the Vereeniging CBD, the Sharpeville memorial, the remainder of the tree trunk where the conditions for peace were negotiated after the second South African War, the sand stone kerbs in the Vereeniging CBD, Maccauvlei with the remaining pillars of the second bridge across the Vaal as well as a cemetery with the graves of the Australian and New Zealand soldiers who died in the second South African War, the bridge that was built in 1921 and is not used any more and the concentration camp cemetery. For this specific task only the tunnels that were used for the transportation of coal will be researched and the following steps will be applied:
• the theoretical part of the history will be dealt with in class;
• a complete assignment of the discovery of coal will be expected from the learners. Part of this assignment will be to arrange and conduct oral interviews with employees of the former "Brick and Tile Company or Vereeniging Refractories". The area now belongs to Meds Distribution (Cosmos);
• learners will be accompanied by the teachers on an excursion. Arrangements will be made to visit the following historical sites:
i. the local museum (Vaal Teknorama), to study the exhibition on the discovery of coal in the Vereeniging area; a representative of the museum will explain certain aspects and answer questions;
ii. the area where Vereeniging refractories was situated;
iii. Viljoensdrift where the pont used to be, and
iv. a brief stop will be made at the monument of George William Stow which is situated next to the banquet hall on Constitution Square.
It will be expected from learners to take photos as technology is freely available and also to make notes. This, together with the information obtained from the interviews will enable them to submit and present a complete assignment on the role played by the Vaal River tunnels in the history of coal in the Vereeniging area. In conclusion the learners will be requested to evaluate the significance of the insight and creativity of the people of the time.
Time travel is an innovative and creative way ofimplementing the curriculum. It is envisaged that the learners will not only experience this "forgotten" part of environment history first hand, but it will enable them to make a link between theory and practice. It provides historic perspectives and it is fun.
History will become alive and that is, according to the authors, the essence of history teaching. The assignments of the learners will contribute to the data of tunnels underneath the Vaal River and as a result this history will not be forgotten.
Department Basic Education (DBE) 2011a. National Curriculum Statement, Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement, Further Education and Training Phase, grades 10-12, Geography. Pretoria and Cape Town: Government Printing Works. [ Links ]
Department Basic Education (DBE) 2011b. National Curriculum Statement, Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement, Further Education and Training Phase, grades 10-12, History. Pretoria and Cape Town: Government Printing Works. [ Links ]
Department Basic Education (DBE) 2011c. National Curriculum Statement, Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement, Intermediate Phase, grades 4-6, Social Sciences. Pretoria and Cape Town: Government Printing Works. [ Links ]
Centenary Brochure 1992. The Vaal River Bridge and Vereeniging 1892-1992. Eeufees-brosjure. Vaal Teknorama. [ Links ]
Google Earth 2014. US Department of State Geographer@2014Google. Image Landsat. data SIO, NOAA, US Navy, NGA,GEBCO, 27 August 2014. [ Links ]
Leigh, RL 1968. Vereeniging. Suid-Afrika. 75ste Verjaarsdag van Vereeniging. Johannesburg: Courier-Gazette Publishers. [ Links ]
New Vaal Colleries 2009. Kaart van ondergrondse mynbou. [ Links ]
Personal interviews, Black R (current employee of Vereeniging Refractories), 2014. [ Links ]
Personal interview, Dickerson H (former employee of Vereeniging Refractories), 2014. [ Links ]
Personal interview, Grimbeeck J (current employee of Vereeniging Refractories), 2014. [ Links ]
Personal interview, Knapton J (geologist and current employee of Vereeniging Refractories), 2014. [ Links ]
Personal interview, Milani M (alderman of the City of Vereeniging), 2013. [ Links ]
Prinsloo, PJJ (red.) 1992. Die Geskiedenis van Vereeniging. PU vir CHO, Vanderbijlpark. [ Links ]
Roodt, JJ 1982. Vereeniging: Aansoek om groot-stad-status. Vereeniging: Ongepubliseerd. [ Links ]
RSA, National Geo-spatial Information. 2627 DB 18,19,29,23,24 &25.1/9 000. 2010. [ Links ]
Smith, MM 1967. 'n Geografiese studie van steenkool in die Vaaldriehoek (ongepubliseerde MA- verhandeling. UNISA. [ Links ])
Strauss, JPD 2014. Reseacher and photographer (one of the authors of this article), Vanderbijlpark. [ Links ]
Westergren, 2006. Kalmar County Museum. Available at ebbe.westergren kalmarlansmuseum. se. Accessed on 10 September 2014. [ Links ]
Willemse, M 1999. Die vestiging en uitbouing van die munisipale bestuur en voorstedelike ontwikkeling in Vereeniging tot 1992 (ongepubliseerde M.A.-verhandeling, PU vir CHO). [ Links ]


text:
Miller Family
My name is Claudius Miller, Jr. I was born and raised in New Orleans, LA (Central City). As a matter of
fact I was not born in a hospital; I was delivered by a mid-wife in the Calliope Housing Project. We all
grew up together, eight boys and four girls. As our family grew, we moved from a two bedroom
apartment in the projects to a three bedroom apartment. There were fourteen of us, including my
mother and father. One bedroom was for the girls, one bedroom for the boys and the other bedroom
for my mother & father. It was rough and tough, growing up in the projects. But we made it through.
We went to church every Sunday. We obeyed our mother and father who brought us up well. Both
parents are deceased now.
Both of my parents worked hard to provide for us, and no matter what we all stuck together through the
bad and good times, because every day was not a sun-sitting day. It was very hard, but we had God and
we prayed together. My daddy had many jobs and also my mother. That is where we got to know
about work. My brother Joseph and I started working early; we had a job on the paper route. My
brother was eleven years old and I was twelve years old. We would get up at three in the morning to
start our paper route. And all the boys who were able to push a lawn-mower had grass cutting jobs.
And another thing, my mother made sure we went to school. If it was pouring down rain outside, we
still went to school. I graduated from Booker T. Washington Senior High School. After High School,
there was nothing to do, so I volunteered for the armed forces. I went to serve in the United States Air
Force. All of my brothers went to the military except one. Also my daddy was a military man, having
served in the U.S. Navy.
I loved growing up in New Orleans; it's a great city. I have lived all over the city. I have been working as
a security guard at Stronger Hope Baptist Church since 2001. I would like to thank everyone, for all the
help and support I am getting from Habitat and everyone who is affiliated with Habitat in helping me
reach my dream of owning my own home. I can't thank you enough and may God bless each and every
one of you. I mean it from the bottom of my heart.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
There is only 1 date left for group classes until late September.
Tomorrow night, July 10th, we will be at the Upper Merion Community Center in King of Prussia, PA.
Smoking is from 6:00-7:00pm, Weight from 7:00-8:00pm and Better Sleep from 8:00-8:45pm.
We offer these classes at the workplace if there is enough interest. Call for info.
We will continue to see clients individually in our 4 offices in Livingston, Princeton and Flemington NJ as well as King of Prussia, PA.


text:
Google has introduced several new videos that show how online shopping sites often frustrate users by not giving them accurate search results, making them input awful captchas, or suggesting items not related to what they're buying.
The videos simulate some of the frustrations of online shopping by playing out those experiences in real life. The company wrote on its Google Analytics blog late last week:
With the holiday shopping season in full swing, it's important to ensure your website and digital marketing is running on all cylinders. Your potential customers should be able to find what they need on the digital shelf as easily as in real life. Sadly, many sites leave visitors frustrated – losing potential customers. However, the advantage of your online storefront is that you can understand where you're losing customers and work to improve your shopping experience.
For the holiday season, our team at Google Analytics thought it would be helpful (and fun) to demonstrate how missteps on the digital shelf play out in real life.
The post goes on to make suggestions on how to improve sites to make the experience less agitating. One such tip is to optimize your landing pages: "Always make sure your landing pages meet your users expectations. Be sure your ad text leads visitors to a page that matches what was featured in the ad."
Check out the hilarious videos below:
VentureBeat's mission is to be a digital town square for technical decision-makers to gain knowledge about transformative enterprise technology and transact. Discover our Briefings.


text:
four to five hours a day
Thirty-one minutes into the movie tonight before I start writing. I don't have much to say. But, I did want to share the following photos, for those who can't make the Day 365 Party on Friday.
I made some stickers for a few signs in the crowd, the big sign behind the stage and the banner hanging over that. I'm usually a LEGO purist—I occasionally enter contests so I never use non-LEGO pieces in a LEGO set—but I thought I could make an exception just this once.
And, really, that is all for today. Just a few days left. I just went a while without typing anything—1 hour 5 minutes in, Phil just jumped to his death—but I figure on having something more to say in the next couple entries… actually, tomorrow's entry should be the final recap entry, detailing all the entries since Day 300. Day 364 will mostly be my "final" thoughts on Groundhog Day and on doing this project. Day 365, I hope I will have words from some of you to share with everyone else, plus a recap of the goings on at the Party.
I have spent a lot of time with Groundhog Day in the past year. I could find new angles to approach it from, but they would probably just be rehashed versions of old angles.
Today's reason to repeat a day forever: to have days where I don't feel the need to accomplish anything, at all.


text:
What Is Vaginal Rejuvenation?
We're discussing vaginal rejuvenation surgery. In terms of plastic surgical procedures on the vagina, vaginal rejuvenation can be broken up into two different components. The first is vaginoplasty and the second is labiaplasty. Vaginoplasty is a procedure where the vaginal canal is tightened and made smaller. This is performed in women who have commonly had children and who now have some laxity of the walls of the vagina. A small amount of one of the walls of the vagina is removed and the remaining tissue is sutured together in order to tighten the vaginal canal.
Labiaplasty is a procedure that is performed on the external portion of the vagina. In some individuals, there is an excess of tissue involving either the labia minora or labia majora. These structures commonly being known as the vaginal lips. If there is excess tissue, that tissue can interfere with sexual intercourse and can be bothersome to the individual who has it. Therefore, there's a surgical procedure called the labiaplasty.
And, in this procedure the excess or redundant labial tissue or external vaginal tissue is removed. The edges of the remaining tissue is then sown or sutured back together. And, both a more ascetically pleasing and functional external vagina is created. Both of these procedures commonly improve sexual satisfaction and overall well being. So, vaginal rejuvenation surgery is basically made up of two different procedures and those procedures are vaginoplasty and labiaplasty.


text:
In this special episode, I sit down with Claudio Zavala Jr. to discuss his contributions to the Educational and EdTech world including, #singasong. If you're unfamiliar with #singasong, it's a very innovative way he has incorporated Flipgrid to spread some #positivenoise around the globe. If you'd like to know more about it, listen to this episode. He's come a long way on his educational journey and has taught various grade levels and now serves as an Instructional Technology Coordinator. We share many similarities being that we're both born and raised in San Diego, California and both graduated from San Diego State University. We probably crossed paths in the past but never realized it. Now, we're recording a podcast together discussing two passions of ours, educational technology and west coast eats. This was definitely a fun episode and conversation that continued even after I hit the "Stop" button. Don't take my word for it though, check it out for yourself. Don't forget to follow Claudio on Twitter and share your voice using #singasong. Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast, share it with others, and leave a review. As always, enjoy and buen provecho!
Tag: Student Voice
Flipgrid Basics: Amplify Student Voice Using Flipgrid
One thing that all teachers want more of in their classrooms is more student participation. How do we do this when we have a mixed bag of personalities all in one class? Some of those personalities can and will dominate the conversation while other want to participate but are afraid to possibly be wrong in front of their peers. And then there are some who genuinely do not want to participate because "it's stupid". How do we get participation and more #studentvoice in our classrooms while keeping it relevant and engaging? Flipgrid! That's how!
Flipgrid is a digital tool that allows teachers to create a "Topic" (question) and have students respond with video. That video can be recorded on the spot, can be a YouTube video, or can be a video created with digital software such as iMovie. It's easy to use and can be done so on a Chromebook, PC, Mac, Android, and iOS (the response part, at least). Not only that, these student responses can be created at anytime, not just in the classroom. If you've never used it, here is a recipe card to get you started quickly. In addition, you can upgrade to a Classroom account, which has more bells and whistles, by using promo code: GABRIELC . So here you go, amplify student voice in your class with Flipgrid.
If you'd like to experience Flipgrid first hand from a student perspective, there are many grids and topics out there. Just search #flipgridfever on Twitter and see what is out there that might interest you. One of my personal favorites is by fellow San Diego rockstar Claudio Zavala who posts a different music genre every week to help you get your week going. Check it out at hashtagsingasong.com.
Make sure you subscribe to the EdTech Bites Podcast and leave a review. Enjoy and as always, Deuces!


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iPhones with rich and beautiful backgrounds:
iPhones have become indispensable devices in today's tech savvy age. They are available with many attractive features. Beautiful and colorful backgrounds are the most highlighted feature of iPhones. These back grounds are available in 3D format. These backgrounds can be edited or customized according to the artistic preferences and creativity of users. Many websites are offering online backgrounds and wall papers to adore iphones. Making a gadget look good and attractive has been a considerable desire of all users of iPhones. Some sets of smart phones have in built wall papers. These wall papers can be set on the desktop of iPhones according to preferences of users.
Steps to change the back ground shade of iPhones:
Following are the main steps to modify the BG after pressing button in iPhone:
1) Users of iphones can download their favorite back ground paper after choosing any one option from those of full screen, wide screen and iPhone sets.
2) Any wallpaper measures up to 1024 * 1024 in its full size. After choosing the option to download a favorite back ground paper, a message will be seen on the iPhone screen. The name of theme of concerned wall paper will also be displayed.
3) Users of iPhones will have to save the concerned back ground paper in their gadgets by pressing the option to save.
4) Many websites add new wall papers in their database. These wall papers are based on many themes like nature, sports, automobiles, flowers and inspiring quotes. Users of iPhones can save these wall papers in their SD cards. In this way they will not have to search for images to customize the back grounds of their smart phones.
5) Fans of iPhone sets can choose any kind of artistic back ground for their handsets like flowers, beautiful sun sets and images of cute animals.
6) Some iPhones provide users with the option to use back ground papers from services of other phone providers. These background papers can be selected right from the handset using certain tools in the iPhone.
How to change the back ground of an iPhone system using Win Rar and Zip files:
Users can change or customize the default system of their iPhone system. They can use graphic editor tools and adobe system to make the desktop of iPhone appear look nice. After choosing any kind of wall paper for back ground of an iPhone, it can be locked. Back ground consisting fonts or inspirational quotes can also be customized by making changes in the size of fonts. The best way to install a favorite wall paper on iPhone is to use Win Rar or ZIP file folders. After installation these folders can be extracted. Every iPhone system has an in built camera. Users can take and save images through the camera. They can also send these wall papers to other users and friends using a data cable. Back ground editing systems installed in iPhones help users to crop the back ground wall papers after installation from online sources.
iPhones look great with lovely desktop back grounds. Users of these gadgets can modify BG shade after pressing button in iPhone. Many online websites are offering options to install favorite backgrounds for screens of iphones.
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The Daiichi company was founded March 1st in 1952 in Aichi Prefecture, basically just north of Nagoya, Japan. The word Daiichi means "Number One". Daiichi pachinko machines from the mid 1970's are fairly common in the United States. These machines are mainly recognized by their slanted ball panel and the 2 different types of laminate on the front of them. Daiichi also loved their logo and name, so they decided to put it everywhere on their machines. It is always fun to see how many logos or Daiichi names you can find on your machine.
Click on an image below to get detailed information about a specific model.


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In yesterday's post I slipped in a rather bold declaration: Yes, I plan to write a book.
Now I just need to start it.
See, I have this bad habit of saying I'm going to do something, and then not doing it. Or I'll start something, and I won't finish it.
But I'm telling myself the same thing I did when I started this blog a whole two weeks ago:
I'm not just blogging aimlessly and vaguely about daily life like I did so unsuccessfully back in my early twenties. It's much easier to sustain this baby when it follows a common thread. But by golly, if I want to blog about something else besides books and writing now and then, I can do that, too.
The thought of starting a book is honestly so overwhelming, but I know there are plenty of resources at my disposal. My biggest obstacle is me – my habits of procrastination, of not following through, of getting easily distracted. And hiding behind those habits is a lot of insecurity and doubt.
I'm still fine-tuning my topic, but I'll drop the mystery soon and actually explain what I plan to write about. I promise.
For now, I'm trying to remind myself of a saying I first heard from a very wise, very sweet woman in my church:
Another bold step I took just yesterday – I offered to share my testimony during an upcoming Bible study session. Each week, one of our leaders shares her own personal story of how God has worked in her life. The thing is, it's a 12-week study and there are less than 12 leaders. So, we attendees were asked to consider presenting our testimonies.
Initially I thought, "Meh, my testimony isn't all that interesting."
And then I was up front at church yesterday morning, on background vocals with the worship team, and God all but told me out loud, "Of course you have an interesting testimony. SHARE IT."
And wouldn't you know, I decided maybe it's not such a crazy idea. So I tossed my hat in the ring … we'll see what happens.
So, that's where I am today – kicking insecurity in the butt, because God's got this!
(Props to The Mom Who Runs for the awesome Writer Meme Monday idea!)


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Apple iPhone 6 - the Sapphire design:
Samsung Galaxy S5 - done. The All New HTC One - almost done. Apple iPhone 6 - let the concepts, leaks and expectations keep coming! This is March and like every March we are literally swarmed by everything smartphone. All the major tech companies either roll out their flagships or start talking about them. If not, then the web does the work for them.
- Recommended: Bezel-Less iPhone 6 Component Leaked Image Shows Major Design Overhaul
While iPhone 6 launch is still a many good months away, the leaks and concepts keep coming. Some are good, some rather absurd and others seem like designed by someone extraterrestrial - no offence. The current iPhone 6 concept that we are talking about follows people's expectations of Apple going to a redesign phase for the upcoming flagship. It doesn't sound realistic keeping in mind that the company being talked about is Apple which likes keeping things as they are. But the suggestions aren't too off the beat.
Released by TechRadar, this new iPhone 6 concept takes a traditional approach to Apple's flagship only adding a few significant improvements on top of the iPhone's current design.
TechRadar's iPhone 6 concept keeps the basic distinctive iPhone design but with a slightly more rounded form. It expects the iPhone 6 to be a bit thinner and the Home button getting replaced by a button-less Touch ID which will work with a tap. This way fingerprint sensor will be more accurate helping Apple to ease off disgruntled customers of iPhone 5s.
iPhone 6 concept by TechRadar is a 4.7-inch high-res (1080 x 1920 pixels) and sports a bezel-free design. This design is expected to help phone handling with one hand easier. The display will be Sapphire and will also have a self-healing coat. The latter tech is perhaps inspired by LG's G Flex smartphone which is capable of healing itself from minor scratches and thus keeps the device safe from everyday roughness.
Apart from a Sapphire screen, and self-healing capabilities, TechRadar's iPhone 6 expects Apple to have a 13 megapixels camera with a light flash; the concept calls it the best iPhone camera ever.
iPhone 6 concept video:
Apple is expected to launch its iPhone 6 sometime in the fall. With the start of iOS 8 leaks, seems like iPhone 6 launch may coincide with that of iOS 8 public release too.
Relevant updates and news:
- iOS 7.1 Direct Download Links for iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch – Images Gallery of iOS 7.1 Features
- iOS 7.1 for iPhone and iPad with CarPlay, UI Tweaks, Siri and Touch ID Improvements
- OS X Latest Update: Apple Offering Support for 4K Displays at Retina Resolution
- iPhone 5s Suffering from Major Touch ID Issues after iOS 7.1
- iOS 7.1 Jailbreak – Steps to Make Sure You Don't Lose Jailbreak


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Admittedly, wedding etiquette can cause a serious headache. It can be hard planning when you have no idea where to start. Research and questions can easily pile up.
Destination weddings make no exception. If you plan on having a destination wedding in Denver, you should read on, because we have gathered some important information about wedding etiquette for you.
- Send the Save the Dates as early as possible. If you are not having a destination wedding, it is perfectly acceptable for you to send your Save the Date cards out between three and four months before the actual wedding date. However, if you are planning a destination wedding, your guests will need to make travel arrangements – so you should send your Save the Dates eight to twelve months in advance.
- You can have a smaller guest list. In general, destination weddings tend to be smaller and more intimate – not because you cannot have a wedding for hundreds of people while away, but because it's more probable a smaller number of guests will be able to travel for your wedding. If you want to, you can have a small, intimate wedding at your chosen destination, and a larger party when you get back home.
- You don't have to pay for your wedding party's travel expenses. You can do it, of course, but you are not obliged to. What is highly recommended is that you are considerate of their expenses – your guests will appreciate it!
- Likewise, you are not required to pay for your guests' other meals. You will, obviously, pay for the wedding dinner itself, but you are generally not expected to pay for anything else. If you want to show them how much you appreciate them, it is a nice gesture from you to pay for another meal as well (perhaps a welcome dinner or an after-wedding brunch?).
Looking for a superb wedding venue in Denver? You should book a visit to see what Stonebrook Manor has to offer! Our elegant venue is here to make you wedding dreams a reality.


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love this product Luvable Friends | Pink & White Three-Piece Hooded Towel Set
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Luvable Friends | Pink & White Three-Piece Hooded Towel Set
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Make your little one's bath time routine extra fun with these hooded towels made from a soft cotton blend and boasting playful prints.
- Includes three hooded towels (one sea animal pattern, one white and one pink chevron pattern)
- 30'' x 36''
- 65% cotton / 35% polyester
- Machine wash
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Peyton Manning stands tall against the best passing defence in the NFL.
Peyton Manning and the Denver Broncos handed Kansas City their first defeat of the NFL season on Sunday, beating the Chiefs 27-17 to join them atop the AFC West.
Manning's tender ankle wasn't a factor, thanks in part to the stellar job his offensive line did against a Chiefs defense that came in leading the league with 36 quarterback sacks.
He wasn't touched once, completing 24-of-40 passes for 323 yards. Manning threw one touchdown pass and Montee Ball ran for two more touchdowns for the Broncos, who denied the Chiefs their first 10-0 start in club history.
"The protection was outstanding," Manning said. "Really proud of those guys up front."
The game was the day's hot ticket, with the sports power-couple of golf superstar Tiger Woods and Olympic ski champion girlfriend Lindsey Vonn spotted by television cameras watching from a sideline.
Knowshon Moreno rushed for 79 yards on 27 carries for Denver, the first team this season to score more than 17 points against the Chiefs.
"We knew they were going to have some stops," Manning said of the stingy Kansas City defense. "We knew once we got down to the red zone, touchdowns were critical. Most of the time they make teams settle for field goals."
Quarterback Alex Smith threw two touchdown passes for the Chiefs, who will be out for revenge when they host the Broncos at Arrowhead Stadium in a fortnight in what promises to be a rollicking rematch.
The Broncos, who face another key AFC contest next week at New England, could have some injury concerns. Wide receiver Wes Welker left the game in the second half with a possible concussion.
While the Chiefs-Broncos clash was the marquee matchup of the day, the Bears and Ravens found themselves in the headlines thanks to the deadly storms that battered the US Midwest.
Tens of thousands of fans at Chicago's Soldier Field were forced from the stands to seek shelter in the covered stadium concourses as the game was delayed for almost two hours as a storm swept through.
The Bears trailed 10-0 at the time of the stoppage but returned to beat Baltimore 23-20 in overtime.
Robbie Gould's third field goal of the day, a 38-yarder 6:18 into overtime, lifted Chicago to a victory that saw them regain a share of first place in the NFC North after Detroit's 37-27 loss at Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh quarterback Ben Roethlisberger threw two of his four touchdown passes in the fourth quarter to lift the Steelers.
The Lions scored all of their points in the second quarter. Matthew Stafford completed 19-for-46 for 362 yards, two touchdowns and one interception. Calvin Johnson caught both TD passes as part of a six-catch, 179-yard day for the Lions, who had won their prior two games.
The Philadelphia Eagles seized the lead in the weak NFC East with a 24-16 victory over division rivals Washington.
Nick Foles threw for 298 yards and ran for a score while LeSean McCoy rushed for 77 yards and two touchdowns for Philadelphia.
The Eagles improved to 6-5, moving a half-game ahead of the idle Dallas Cowboys atop the division.
The New York Giants are third in the division at 4-6. The Giants, who endured a dismal 0-6 start to the season, won their fourth straight, taking advantage Green Bay's struggles without injured quarterback Aaron Rodgers to beat the Packers 27-13.
Scott Tolzien, standing in for Rodgers, threw three interceptions, one of which was returned 24 yards by Jason Pierre-Paul for a touchdown in the fourth quarter.
Andy Dalton threw three touchdown passes and the Cincinnati Bengals used a 31-point second quarter to beat the Cleveland Browns 41-20.
Tampa Bay built on their first win of the season on Monday, following up that 22-19 win over Miami with a 41-28 triumph over Atlanta.
In Seattle, Marshawn Lynch rushed for two touchdowns and caught another scoring pass in the Seahawks' 41-20 victory over Minnesota.
Quarterback Russell Wilson completed 13-of-18 passing attempts with two touchdowns for the Seahawks, who improved to 10-1 and saw their lead atop the NFC West stretch to three games after San Francisco fell 23-20 to New Orleans.
Saints kicker Garrett Hartley booted three fourth- quarter field goals, including the game-winning 31-yarder as time expired.
In other games, Buffalo beat the New York Jets 37-14, Oakland defeated Houston 28-23, Arizona beat Jacksonville 27-14, and Miami shook off the ongoing distraction of the NFL probe of alleged locker room bullying to beat San Diego 20-16.


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NEW PORT RICHEY — At first, the man thought he'd been punched. He looked at Tracy Dimasi, who, deputies say, had a knife in her hand. Then the blood started seeping through his shirt.
It all started around 10 p.m. Tuesday.
Dimasi had asked to use the man's bathroom in his house at 3534 Calera Drive, according to a Pasco County Sheriff's Office report.
The report did not indicate how the woman knew the man.
After Dimasi walked inside the house she picked up the man's cat, the report states, and tossed it out of a window.
At that point, Dimasi and the man got into an argument over the cat being out.
Dimasi, 39, would later tell deputies that the man threw her to the kitchen floor and stepped on her neck. When the man left the kitchen, the report states, Dimasi got up, grabbed a steak knife and followed him into a spare bedroom.
She stabbed him in the upper chest, the report states. They grappled for the knife, and he took it from her.
The man was on the phone, the report states, when Dimasi came from behind.
She then stabbed him in the upper right shoulder, the report states, and in the lower left of his back, just above his waistline. The sheriff's report does not say if she used a different knife.
At that point, the man ran outside the house and waited for deputies to arrive.
Dimasi told deputies the man had also grabbed her hair, kicked, punched and choked her, the report states.
She "could not explain" how the victim had stab wounds, the report states.
Dimasi was arrested and transported to the Land O'Lakes jail on an aggravated domestic battery charge.
She remained there Friday in lieu of $10,000 bail.
Alex Orlando can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or (727) 869-6247.


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text:
Monthly magazine AUTOMATICS
AUTOMATICS is a nationwide, professional industry monthly magazine. It provides information concerning control, instrumentation and automation, measurements and robotics markets.
Thanks to specialist articles, market analyses and regular reviews of available devices and systems, the AUTOMATICS magazine serves as a compendium for readers looking for modern, reliable and economical solutions.
Technical articles, company presentations, practical market advice, interviews and profiles of people from the industry, market news, new products, information about fairs, conferences, trainings.
The magazine dedicated to readers from various industry sectors: machinery, food, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, energy, water and sewage, construction infrastructure, etc.
Directors and managers of manufacturing and distribution companies, designers, automation system integrators, automation engineers, maintenance engineers, technical employees participating in procurement process, traders, research and development workers, students and pupils of technical schools.
The journal is distributed in paper and electronic versions. Version in PDF file may be accessed at www.automatykaonline.pl.


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- WASHINGTON – Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia (news – web sites) ridiculed his court's recent ruling legalizing gay sex, telling an audience of conservative activists Thursday that the ruling ignores the Constitution in favor of a modern, liberal sensibility.
The ruling, Scalia said, "held to be a constitutional right what had been a criminal offense at the time of the founding and for nearly 200 years thereafter."
Scalia adopted a mocking tone to read from the court's June ruling that struck down state antisodomy laws in Texas and elsewhere."
I'm sure some of my smarter readers can come up with some other fine examples of things which had been a criminal offense for a very long time but have since been ruled unconstitutional….
….ah, the good old days.
- When black servants were reduced to slavery, the colonial governing classes redoubled their efforts to stamp out racial mixing. Miscegenation in this era was not only a serious breach of Puritan morality, but also a serious threat to slavery and the stability of the servile labor force.
The earliest record available against the cohabitation of black-white servants was the case of Hugh Davis, a white servant in Virginia who was sentenced to a public beating on Sept. 17, 1630, before an assembly of blacks and others for defiling himself with a Negro. It was required that he confesses as much the following Sabbath (Burger 10).
The first law to deter racial intermarriage was enacted in the early colonial period. The General Assembly of the Colony of Maryland in 1661 deplored the fact that there were many cases of intermarriage between white female servants and black slaves. It legislated that if any free born white woman intermarried with a black slave; she would have to serve her husbands master as long as the slave lived (Burger 10-11).
In 1681, a new Maryland law decreed that any freeborn white woman who married a black slave with the permission of the slave"s master could retain her freedom. However, the master or mistress of the intermarried slave and the clergyman performing the ceremony were to be penalized by a fine. This law was an attempt to deter racial intermarriage by shifting the penalty to those allegedly responsible for the action of slaves (Burger 11).
Some other colonies also legislated against black-white marriages. North Carolina in 1715 set up a heavy fine and a period of servitude for any white woman who married a Negro. It also provided a 50-pound fine to the clergyman who officiated. Massachusetts in 1705, and Pennsylvania in 1725 also passed similar legislation (Burger 11).
In the legislatures of several of the states which had no prohibitive laws to prevent black-white marriages, bills to prevent such, were introduced several times in states such as WI, MASS, CONN, WA, KS, MN, IA, IL, MI, OH, PA, NY. Congress also considered bills to prevent this in D.C. The states which had laws against black white marriages followed a similar pattern, mostly southern and western states, while northern ones had no laws. After the U.S. became a nation, eventually 33 states prohibited one or more forms of interracial marriage (Burger 13).
After the adoption of the 14th amendment to the constitution, July 28, 1868, the question immediately arose whether or not state laws prohibiting intermarriage denied colored people the equality guaranteed to them by the amendment. Most cases were decided in State courts and the laws were upheld (Burger 13).
In 1883, the United States Supreme Court upheld a state statute upholding a larger penalty for adultery or fornication when committed by members of different races (Pace vs. Alabama). A similar Florida statute was overturned in 1962, but even as late as 1964 (just 35 years ago folks), 19 states still had these laws existing (with Indiana and Wyoming being the two non-Southern states with laws against miscegenation) (David 1).
I look forward to Scalia reading from Loving v. Virginia in a mocking tone in front of Clarence and Virginia Thomas. [Eschaton]
Thank goodness we have changed some of our laws in the last 200 years. Strict constructionists like Scalia left laws like the miscegenation ones on the books for over 100 years after we removed the spectre of slavery in the US and made everyone equal. Unless you were of different races. Think what would have happened if the Supreme Court had actually rulled that it violated the Constitution, as amended, to make it a crime for the 'races' to mix? If they had actually done the correct thing on Plessy vs. Ferguson? We would have had another 50 years to move through our problems of racial equality, With the government leading the way rather than hindering it. In hindsight we know that those judeges were wrong, that those who wrote the majority opinions in those cases were on the wrong side of history and could have removed years of suffering if they had been more courageous. I feel the same way about several on this Court. History WILL place them on the wrong side.


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- This event has passed.
Cancelled-(SOLD OUT)Sunday Brunch Excursion at the Glen Rock Mill Inn at 1:00 PM
Jun 28, 2020Ride Time(s): 1:00
June 28, 2020 @ 8:00 am - 5:00 pm
Train & Brunch Package
Select Sundays Throughout the Season
1pm – 3:30pm
To Purchase Tickets Call 717-942-2370 x 100
The Glen Rock Mill Inn and Northern Central Railway – Steam Into History come together to bring you a special discounted package for you and your friends to enjoy a delicious Sunday brunch and a scenic train ride through the countryside of Southern York County. The package includes your train ticket from New Freedom to Glen Rock and back and a delicious brunch.
Our Sunday Brunch Buffet offers a full selection of breakfast and lunch options for your enjoyment. Start with a cup of our soup of the day and selected cold salads, followed by a choice of 3 hot entrees, bacon, country sausage, breakfast potatoes, and fresh vegetables. You can also choose from our chef staffed omelet and carving stations!
The Sunday Brunch Train leaves the station in New Freedom at 1:00 pm and arrives at Glen Rock Mill Inn at 1:30 pm, brunch and additional time to explore the Mill and downtown Glen Rock is from 1:30 pm to 3:00 pm. The train departs Glen Rock at 3:00 pm and arrives back in New Freedom by 3:30 pm.
This package is available at a special discounted price of only
$50 for adults and $35 for children 12 and under (plus fees)
Tickets to include the gourmet brunch buffet, soft drinks, coffee, tea, your train fare, and tip! Taxes not included. Mimosas are available for an additional $1 each, and Bloody Marys are also available for an additional $4 each.
Limited seating is available. The coaches for these excursions will be pushed and pulled by our vintage diesel locomotive. Please arrive at the Northern Central Railway – Steam Into History Station at 2 West Main Street, New Freedom, PA 30 minutes prior to departure
Learn about each of our coaches here.
Many thanks for the support of our 2022 season sponsors:
COVID-19 Health and Safety Protocols:
Please reschedule your excursion if you recently tested positive for COVID-19, have been exposed, or are exhibiting symptoms.
Hand sanitizing stations are available at the ticket area, in the gift shop, and in restrooms.


text: More than two thousand years ago the Chinese strategist Sun Tzu advised us to know our enemies. The question has always been how. In A Sense of the Enemy, the historian Zachary Shore demonstrates that leaders can best understand an opponent not simply from his pattern of past behavior, but from his behavior at pattern breaks. Meaningful pattern breaks occur during dramatic deviations from the routine, when the enemy imposes costs upon himself. It's at these unexpected moments, Shore explains, that successful leaders can learn what makes their rivals truly tick. Shore presents a uniquely revealing history of twentieth-century conflict. With vivid, suspenseful prose, he takes us into the minds of statesmen, to see how they in turn tried to enter the minds of others. In the process, he shows how this type of mind-reading, which he calls "strategic empathy," shaped matters of war and peace. Mahatma Gandhi, for instance, was an excellent strategic empath. In the wake of a British massacre of unarmed Indian civilians, how did Gandhi know that nonviolence could ever be effective? And what of Gustav Stresemann, the 21-year-old Wunderkind Ph.D., who rose from lobbyist for chocolate makers to Chancellor of Germany. How did he manage to resurrect his nation to great power status after its humiliating loss in World War One? And then there is Le Duan, the shadowy Marxist manipulator who was actually running North Vietnam during the 1960s, as opposed to Ho Chi Minh. How did this rigid ideologue so skillfully discern America's underlying constraints? And, armed with this awareness, how did he construct a grand strategy to defeat the United States? One key to all these leaders' triumphs came from the enemy's behavior at pattern breaks. Drawing on research from the cognitive sciences, and tapping multilingual, multinational sources, Shore has crafted an innovative history of the last century's most pivotal moments, when lives and nations were on the line. Through this curious study of strategic empathy, we gain surprising insights into how great leaders think.


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We're in our ninth year of publishing the State of DevOps Report. During a decade that has redefined people's expectations for software — speed of delivery, quality and security — our ongoing study of more than 35,000 technical professionals around the world continues to provide new insights into how organizations are evolving their DevOps practices.
This year's survey includes over 2,400 participants around the world who work in IT, development, information security and related areas. The 2020 State of DevOps Report focuses on two areas that can help organizations scale their DevOps initiative: a platform approach to software delivery and applying DevOps principles to change management.
This year, Puppet is donating all sponsorship funds, plus $1 for every completed survey received to organizations supporting COVID-19 relief efforts.
WHO COVID-19 Solidarity Relief Fund
No Child Hungry
Doctors Without Borders


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With the industry changing at such a rapid pace, it was important for Multipond to move from using Autodesk Inventor Professional to the Factory Design Suite and future-proof the design process, in line with the future of manufacturing approach. This presentation will go through why and how Multipond's UK project manager implemented Factory Design Suite into the business with their already complex Multihead Weighing series production lines. Multipond's Steve Sutherland will take the class through an in-depth, firsthand look at how Factory has impacted the Multipond design process, followed by a workflow presentation by Marc Pattinson covering Factory layouts and Navisworks using the Multipond completed dataset.
Aprendizajes clave
- Discover the advantages of introducing Factory Design
- Discover why Multipond considered Factory Design
- Learn how to identify the designs that will benefit from Factory Design
- See firsthand industry scenarios and workflows with the live product demo


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With the File Manager integrated in Wappler you can easily explore and manage your project files and folder, located in the local project folder or on the selected target.
File Manager Overview
To open the File Manager panel, click on its icon located in the left Wappler sidebar, or use the
Alt + F keyboard shortcut:
The file manager lists the files located in your project folder, you can double click any of the files in order to open it in Wappler Design View:
The toolbar on top allows you to manage your files. You can easily open selected file, create file, create folder or delete selected file(s) and folder(s):
When you right click a file or folder in the file manager, a context menu with different options appear:
Working With Local and Remote Files
When you setup a project, you can define different publishing targets. You may have a testing server defined and a remote server which is usually on your hosting. In the File Manager you can explore and manage the files located on your remote target by switching to Target in the dropdown:
This will show the files, located on the currently active target:
To download files or folders from your remote target, just simply select them and click the Download button in the top toolbar:
To Upload a file to the active remote target, switch to Local files view, select the files and folders to be uploaded and click the Upload button:
You can check the Upload/Download progress in the bottom panel - so just open it and you will find some useful information like the number of files uploaded/downloaded etc.:
Show or Hide Hidden Files and Folders
By default the hidden files and folders are not listed in the File Manager. In order to show them, right click a file or folder in the File Manager and select Show Hidden:
Now you can see the hidden files and folders and their content:
In order to hide the hidden files and folders again, right click a file or folder in the File Manager and select Hide Hidden:
Show in System File Explorer
You can show a specific file or folder in your OS file explorer - Windows Explorer on Windows OS and Finder on Mac OS. Right click a file or folder in the file manager and select Show in Explorer:
Your file will be loaded in your system file explorer:


text:
And this uncertainty of the markets and of course also the investment professionals the customers is not hidden. Leverage flat tax not just simplifying the introduction of the flat tax affects in the coming year on the choice of the correct timing of the entry. Although investors through timely action can work around the flat tax before the end of the year with the right equipment. If you would like to know more then you should visit Francis Collins. But we want to warn to let is squeeze this State-generated investment pressure on hasty purchase decisions solely on the basis of tax-relevant characteristics. Investors should bear in mind that the quality of target investments and the appropriate mix of different asset classes of much greater relevance to investment success is, as the impact of the withholding tax. No crisis, no chance but it is not our intention to engage black painting.
Because in every crisis"is of course at the same time a chance. And we see this opportunity in products that can operate largely independently of the General market development. Where we consider it not necessary, customer deposits, consisting of the classical segments of asset such as stocks, pensions, money market, or real estate to change completely. It is from our point of view in most cases to complement investments absolutely sufficient existing customer securities accounts with low-correlated alternatives contemporary establishing a depot. "Hedge funds: not a panacea but an effective stabilizer of the Depot" hedge funds serve for foundations, family offices and institutional investors for many years. Especially the low-volatility products evolve much more reliable than many stock investments. The advantages of this asset class are simply indisputable. Because just the good hedge funds are characterised by a relatively low risk. Products are high quality, absolute return the promise for reliable yield across the investors actually redeem every year. In contrast of to many German absolute return, good hedge funds can prove this performance based on real historical courses in almost every phase of exchange products! There are the bare facts are convincing.


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According to data.gov the minimum roofing contractors costs for homeowners in Mohave Valley, AZ is $5396, the average is $6718 and the maximum is $7085.
Roofing Contractors in this list provide services to multiple zip codes in and around Mohave Valley (i.e 86440, 86446). Please contact each of these businesses individually if you need to verify their service area.
Roofing Contractors in Mohave Valley, AZ(20+)
ActionLocal Verified Roofing Contractors Home Improvement Services Remodeling Services Home Repair & Maintenance
Making sure your roof is sound and secure is incredibly important, yet many homeowners neglect their roofs. Like everything in your home, it requires maintenance. If you haven't had your roof inspected recently, we're here to help. Maintaining your roof is a low-cost way of e…Address:Topock, AZPhone:(928) 302- show number
Roofing ContractorsAddress:7890 Teal St Mohave Valley, AZPhone:(928) 768-4739
Roofing ContractorsAddress:Mohave Valley, AZPhone:(928) 768-5300
Roofing ContractorsAddress:Mohave Valley, AZPhone:(928) 788-3338
Roofing Contractors near Mohave Valley, AZ
Roofing ContractorsAddress:7197 Kaiser Dr Mohave Valley, AZPhone:(928) 201-6404
ActionLocal Verified Roofing Contractors Air Conditioning Contractors Mason Contractors Stucco & Exterior Coating Contractors
Whether you need a new roof or other construction services, the roofing professionals at KJ Canyon State Enterprises LLC of Kingman, AZ have the experience needed to get the job done right. We have built a reputation for honesty and integrity based on outstanding work and custom…Address:2959 Rhoades Ave Kingman, AZPhone:(928) 757-9003
Auto Glass Sunroofs
If you have a broken windshield you need a repair or replacement. Trust America's auto glass experts at Safelite®. Book an appointment with our technicians.Address:Kingman, AZPhone:(928) 753-7515
Painters Roofing Contractors
Residential & Commercial. Foam Roofing. Flat Roof Specialist. Mobile Homes. Can Be Applied On Most Roofs. Recoating & Repairs of Old Foam Roofs. Can be applied to most roofs. Licensed and Bonded. AZ ROC#255400. Serving Bullhead City, Fort Mohave, Topock, Golden Valley, and Needl…Address:Serving Mohave County and the surrounding areaPhone:(928) 234-2020
Roofing Contractors
We Look Forward to Serving You! We Love Flat Roofs! COMMERCIAL. RESIDENTIAL. STEEL TILE. URETHANE FOAM. SHINGLES. Veteran Owned and Operated. Serving MOHAVE COUNTY for over 25 Years! Boral. Eagle. Certain. Teed. Icynene Lapolla.Address:Kingman, AZPhone:(928) 753-2447
Building Materials - New & Used Roofing MaterialsAddress:1425 E Torrance Rd Fort Mohave, AZPhone:(928) 768-8383
Roofing ContractorsAddress:Bullhead City, AZPhone:(928) 754-4065
Roofing ContractorsAddress:Kingman, AZPhone:(928) 753-5222
Roofing ContractorsAddress:Fort Mohave, AZPhone:(928) 788-3748
Roofing ContractorsAddress:Kingman, AZPhone:(928) 753-7447
Roofing ContractorsAddress:Kingman, AZPhone:(928) 757-5850
Roofing ContractorsAddress:Bullhead City, AZPhone:(928) 754-1756
Roofing ContractorsAddress:Kingman, AZPhone:(928) 716-7880
Roofing ContractorsAddress:1690 Trane Rd Bullhead City, AZPhone:(928) 758-6296
Roofing MaterialsAddress:3463 Townsend St Kingman, AZPhone:(928) 757-1615
Roofing ContractorsAddress:1850 W Acoma Blvd Lake Havasu City, AZPhone:(928) 453-5319
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Image shows Zhang expressing gratitude to one of the doctors.
News from Hangzhou [the hometown of China's billionaire Jack Ma] confirm that a 61-year-old woman has successfully given birth to a new born baby.
The aged mom named Zhang, had to undergo the caesarean section at Obstetrical and Gynecological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, capital of east China's Zhejiang Province
Zhang put her life on the line to have a another child after her only daughter died of an ailment at the age of 30.
A team of doctors assisted the 61-year-old mom through a reproductive technique, to make her dream come true.


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Court of Appeal Serves Reminder that Contractors May Be Entitled to Reasonable Notice
Court of Appeal Serves Reminder that Contractors May Be Entitled to Reasonable Notice
Cormier v. 1772887 Ontario Limited c.o.b. as St. Joseph Communications[1] – a recent decision from Ontario's Court of Appeal – is an important reminder that contractors may be entitled to reasonable notice upon termination without cause. The Court of Appeal's decision also underscores the importance of careful drafting when it comes to termination clauses in employment contracts.
Between 1994 and 2004, Ms. Cormier worked for St. Joseph Communications ("SJC") as a contractor. During this time, Ms. Cormier worked exclusively for SJC (approximately 37 to 40 hours per week) for 10 months of the year. SJC dictated Ms. Cormier's work assignments and provided her with the tools needed to perform the job. Ms. Cormier was compensated primarily on an hourly basis, and she invoiced SJC as if she was a sole proprietor. SJC did not withhold any amounts for taxes, nor did it provide Ms. Cormier with any employment-related benefits.
In June 2004, Ms. Cormier ceased being a contractor when she entered into a written employment contract with SJC. She started receiving an annual salary and later enrolled in SJC's benefits plan. However, Ms. Cormier's employment was terminated without cause in 2017 due to the liquidation of one of SJC's major clients.
Ms. Cormier then sued SJC for wrongful dismissal, claiming that she was entitled to reasonable notice based on 23 years of service dating back to 1994. In its defence, SJC argued that Ms. Cormier had only been an employee since 2004 and she was not entitled to damages based on her prior service as an "independent contractor". SJC also relied on the following termination clause in Ms. Cormier's employment contract, which purported to limit her entitlements to those required by the Employment Standards Act, 2000 ("ESA"):
(a) The Company may terminate your employment at its sole discretion, at any time for any reason, without cause, upon providing you the minimum notice, pay in lieu of notice and/or severance pay required by the [ESA], as amended from time to time. You will have no other entitlement to notice of termination, pay in lieu of such notice, and/or severance pay.
(b) In addition to the foregoing and subject to the consent of the Company's insurers, you will be entitled to continue to receive Company benefits (excluding STD and LTD benefits) during the notice period specified above. [Emphasis added.]
Independent or Dependent Contractor?
The motion judge held that Ms. Cormier was a "dependent contractor" (an intermediate classification between employees and independent contractors where an agreement to terminate the arrangement upon reasonable notice is implied) between 1994 and 2004.[2]
In arriving at this decision, the motion judge considered (1) Ms. Cormier's economic dependence on SJC; (2) the permanence of the relationship; and (3) the exclusivity of the relationship. His Honour found that although there were factors supporting a genuine independent contractor relationship (such as the issuance of invoices), Ms. Cormier was economically dependent on SJC because she had worked almost exclusively for the company since 1994. In the result, the motion judge held that Ms. Cormier was entitled to 21 months of reasonable notice based on her 23 years of service with SJC. This finding was subsequently upheld by the Court of Appeal.
Interestingly, the motion judge commented (in obiter) that even if he had found that Ms. Cormier was an independent contractor between 1994 and 2004, it would have been "wrong in principle to ignore these years of their relationship in determining the reasonable notice period". According to the motion judge: "[t]he court should take all of the circumstances into account and in the immediate case even if I had found Ms. Cormier to be an independent contractor, I would not have ignored those years of their relationship".
Termination Clause Unenforceable
The motion judge also rejected SJC's argument for a lesser notice period based on the termination clause in Ms. Cormier's employment contract.
According to the motion judge, the termination clause was unenforceable because the treatment of Ms. Cormier's benefits during the notice period was contrary to section 61(1)(b) of the ESA (which requires an employer "to make whatever benefit plan contributions would be required to be made in order to maintain the benefits to which the employee would have been entitled had he or she continued to be employed during the [ESA notice period]").
In particular, the motion judge held that the termination clause unlawfully allowed SJC to provide Ms. Cormier with only some of the benefits that she received prior to her termination (e.g., it excluded short-term and long-term disability benefits) and, even then, only subject to the consent of SJC's insurers. Because SJC had unlawfully attempted to contract-out of the ESA, the entire termination clause was void. This finding was also upheld by the Court of Appeal.
Unfortunately, the Court of Appeal did not consider the motion judge's comment that even if he had found that Ms. Cormier was an independent contractor between 1994 and 2004, this period of service should be recognized for purposes of calculating reasonable notice. For now, the motion judge's (non-binding) comments represent a significant departure from the long-established principle that properly classified independent contractors are not entitled to reasonable notice. However, it remains to be seen whether other judges will take a similar approach in future cases.
Notwithstanding this apparent anomaly, this case confirms that (1) service as a dependent contractor before a worker is hired as an employee may be used to calculate reasonable notice; and (2) termination clauses must be carefully drafted in order to comply with the ESA. Employers should ensure that employment contracts contain "failsafe" clauses which specifically provide that in no event will an employee receive less than his or her minimum statutory entitlements.
by Paul Boshyk and Chiedza Museredza
A Cautionary Note
The foregoing provides only an overview and does not constitute legal advice. Readers are cautioned against making any decisions based on this material alone. Rather, specific legal advice should be obtained.
© McMillan LLP 2020
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Loose Woman
Seductive, earthy, and at times confessional, Sandra Cisneros's vibrant collection of poetry celebrates the females aspects of love--from the reflective to the overtly erotic--in a voice recognizable from her powerful works of fiction.
These poems offer narratives as formally elegant as they are emotional and accessible. They are bound together by the voice of one woman, whose language spands cultures and continents. With a multiplicity of moods tumbling through its lines--joyous and introspective, tender and ruthless, self mocking and sincere, often funny and sometimes wild and ruse--Loose Woman offers intoxicating poems of extraordinary insight and vivid imagining. And what makes this particularly special audio is hearing the poems recited in the author's own voice.
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From the author of the widely acclaimed The House on Mango Street comes a story collection whose characters give voice to the vibrant and varied life on both sides of the Mexican border. From a young girl revealing secrets to a witch woman circling above the village on a predawn flight, the women in these stories offer pure discovery. Woman Hollering Creek confirms Sandra Cisneros's stature as a writer of electrifying talent--and hearing the stories in the author's own voice makes this audio even more poignant.
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