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Another simple real world measurement that can be performed with the Raspberry Pi B+ is to make measurements of the physical world around you. As several have shown before, you can get digital sensors to determine temperature, humidity, distance, motion, and a host of other things. But sometimes you may not have a digital sensor, or your budget doesn't allow for it. The lack of an Analog to Digital converter built into the Raspberry Pi would seem to be a hindrance, but that is not entirely true. You can use a few inexpensive discrete components and approximate analog values by combining an analog sensor, like a photocell, or an analog temperature sensor, or any other sensor that changes resistance based on external stimuli, with a capacitor of fixed value. This creates an RC circuit. Where R means resistor and C means capacitor. According to wikipedia (and probably every electronics textbook in the world) :
"The simplest RC circuit is a capacitor and a resistor in series. When a circuit consists of only a charged capacitor and a resistor, the capacitor will discharge its stored energy through the resistor. The voltage across the capacitor, which is time dependent, can be found by using Kirchoff's current law, where the current charging the capacitor must equal the current through the resistor."
What does all that mean to us? The key in the above is that the voltage across the capacitor is time dependent. That means we can measure it. There is a threshold in digital circuits where a signal is recognized as a High (logic 1) or a Low (logic 0). We often dismiss this by saying "A high is 3.3v or 5v and a Low is 0v." This is not necessarily true, what about the voltages in between. Sure, 0 volts is a LOW, but what about 0.5 volts? It's not a HIGH. So until it reaches a certain voltage logically we will treat it as a logic 0, once it exceeds the threshold, the device will register the level as a HIGH and we will treat it as a logic 1. This threshold on the Raspberry Pi seems to be around 1.4 volts. Back to the fact that we can measure this time, since the current charging the capacitor must equal the current through the resistor, and our resistor value is changing due to external stimulus, the time to charge and discharge the capacitor will also change, and that is what we will measure.
In this example we will use a photocell and a capacitor together in series. A photocell is simply a device that changes resistance based on ambient light. The brighter the light, the lower the resistance, the dimmer the light, the higher the resistance. Very simple.
The way we will take advantage of all of the above information is:
1) We will start by driving our sensing pin on the B+ to low, this will give us a known starting point of 0 volts
2) We will change the sensing pin to an input
3) We will count in a loop until the capacitor charges to a level recognized as a logic level 1 on the input pin (approximately 1.4 volts)
4) We will print the value and do it again
What we expect to see is that as the amount of light is decreased, the time it take to charge the capacitor will be longer, so the counted output from our loop will be higher, if we increase the brightness of the light, the resistance will decrease, causing the capacitor to charge more quickly, giving us a lower number from our count. This is sensitive enough to be done by simply waving your hand over the photocell, or you can place a finger over the sensor to simulate total darkness. Bear in mind, this is not an exact measurement, but it is good enough to tell if there is a light on in a room, or if the sun is up, but that is the extent of it. If we were to use an analog temperature sensor instead of a photocell we would probably need to calibrate the outputs to known good values.
On to the code and the circuit, first things first, you need the python GPIO libraries, these can be installed as follows:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install python-dev sudo apt-get install python-rpi.gpio
If you are not sure whether those things are installed just run them, it will either download the latest version or tell you that you have the latest version already installed. It may prompt you to answer 'Y' to confirm the installations.
Next you can wire up the circuit. Make sure the Raspberry Pi is off and no power is applied. Even with simple circuits you can make mistakes, so double check your connections. The components needed are:
1) A breadboard
2) A 1 uF Capacitor
3) A photocell
4) The B+
5) Some jumper wires.
We are only going to use 3 pins from the B+, Pin 1 3.3 volts, Pin 6 Ground, and Pin 11 one of the GPIO pins.
Follow the diagram below to make your connections:
I straddled the capacitor from the light blue rail on the left side to the first pin on row 10 of the breadboard, if using an electrolytic capacitor like I did (looks like a small soda can with legs) make sure that the - side (will be clearly marked) is inserted into the ground row (- bus) and not in row 10. I then took my photocell and straddled the channel down the middle of the board on row 10. I connected a jumper from the red row on the right side of the board (+ bus) to row 10 on the right side of the channel down the middle of the board. I connected a green jumper from a hole on row 10 on the left side of the channel in between the capacitor and the photocell and connected that to pin 11 of the Rasberry Pi. I then connected pin 1 of the B+ to the +bus on the right side of the board and Pin 6 of the B+ to the -bus on the left side of the board.
That's it!!! Easy peazy, George and Wheezy.
Now on to the code:
#!/usr/bin/python import time import RPi.GPIO as GPIO GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) def RCtime (RCpin): reading = 0 GPIO.setup(RCpin, GPIO.OUT) GPIO.output(RCpin, GPIO.LOW) time.sleep(0.1) GPIO.setup(RCpin, GPIO.IN) while (GPIO.input(RCpin) == GPIO.LOW): reading += 1 return reading while True: print RCtime(11)
The code above was shamelessly lifted from adafruit. I made a few small modifications, but the basic code came from there.
I've included it as an attachment, so you can download it.
Once the code has been downloaded to your B+, open a command window and go to the directory where the file is stored and type:
chmod 755 RCTime.py
This will change the permissions on the file to allow it to be executed. This is only necessary one time, after you download it. To run the program, from the directory where the program was downloaded type:
sudo ./RCTime.py
The sudo is necessary because you need to be super user to access the GPIO pins, and the ./ just tells the shell that the file is in the current directory.
you should expect to see an ouput as follows:
You can stop the execution of the program by typing Ctrl-C (hitting the Ctrl key and the c key at the same time) this will generate a keyboard interrupt to stop the program.
The above output was generated in a room lit by sunlight with the blinds partially drawn. The highest values were read when I cupped my hand over the sensor. Play around with it, run it in a dark room, then turn the lights on, see how the values change.
Below is a picture of the actual setup. Looks a lot like the fritzing diagram :-)
Now I have to give credit where credit is due. I didn't invent this technique. I discovered it in an adafruit tutorial. Being one to never believe anything I read, I had to prove it to myself and write a blog on it giving it my own spin.
This is a very interesting method of measuring analog values with the Raspberry Pi that I would have never thought of, but it uses basic electronic principles and works pretty well for rough measurement, with a little more work and some calibration with other more precise measurement tools you could probably convert the time values read to fairly consistent values that equate to the real world. BTW, although I used a B+ for this, any of the Raspberry Pi family would probably work just as well.
I hope you have enjoyed it.


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Friday, February 12, 2016
Horror Icons Unite for 'Expendables' Inspired 'Death House'
Horror icons such as Robert Englund, Kane Hodder, Danny Trejo, Dee Wallace, Bill Moseley, Ken Foree and many more are set to star in 'Death House'.
A secret government facility becomes ground zero for the most horrific prison break in the history of mankind.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Chinese Kung Fu School Location
The Schools Grounds
Our school itself is located on a 3 hectare walled campus in a beautiful and tranquil location. We have a large number of trees providing fruit, herbal medicine and nuts. There are 3 large pools with plenty of fish. We also have an organic farm on the school grounds where we grow our own vegetables and herbs! The air quality is good with the abundant vegetation providing a lot of oxygen making it perfect for kung fu training.
The Surrounding Area
The surrounding area is packed with mountains and rivers. If you're into the outdoors or simply like a bit of peace and quiet you should feel at home here! Our location is in the countryside near Mt. Tai in Shandong Province. Mt. Tai is China's most famous and sacred mountain. If you want to visit and climb the mountain on the weekends you can!


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Texas professor Kaya de Barbaro is creating a mother-child wearable system to detect and attempt to prevent postpartum depression. Mother stress levels are measured via heart rythm, and encouraging messages are sent. Mom wears the sensor on her wrist, and baby wears it on her/his ankle. The child's sensor collects heart rate and movement data, which is correlated with the mother's reaction. Audio is recorded to track crying. Mothers receive messages, including "great job" and "take a breather" when stress is sensed via a faster heart beat, in an attempt to limit feelings of isolation.
Join ApplySci at the 10th Wearable Tech + Digital Health + Neurotech Silicon Valley conference on February 21-22 at Stanford University — Featuring: Zhenan Bao – Christof Koch – Vinod Khosla – Nathan Intrator – John Mattison – David Eagleman – Unity Stoakes – Shahin Farshchi


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Four rocket ship of the Russian Navy bombed the positions of the banned in Russia "Islamic state" in Syria with the use of precision weapons. The head of the Ministry of defense Sergei Shoigu reported on the meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin, a fragment of which showed the TV channel "Russia 24".
"For the last two days of intensive work of different types of intelligence discovered a large number of different objects of IG. This command and control, munitions, military equipment, training camps of militants. To their defeat in addition to aviation this morning drew the ships of the Caspian flotilla," — said Shoigu (quoted by TASS).
"Four rocket ship has conducted 26 launches of cruise missiles sea-based on 11 objectives. According to the data of objective control, all targets destroyed", — the Minister added. Putin noted that the strikes "from the Caspian sea to a distance of 1,500 km" and defeat all the purposes of talking about "the good preparation of the military-industrial complex and good training staff."
The composition of the Caspian flotilla of the Russian Navy included missile ships "Tatarstan" and "Dagestan", small missile ship "svijazhsk", "Uglich" and "Velikiy Ustyug" and small artillery ships, gun boats, landing boats.
Putin praised the Russian military action. "We know how complex operations such as anti-terrorist. And, of course, to summarize still early, but what has been done so far certainly deserves a positive assessment", — he said and instructed Shoigu to continue cooperation on Syria with the US, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq. The President expressed the view that without the participation of these countries "work properly are unlikely to organize."
Shoigu announced that from 30 September, when the Federation Council gave Putin permission to use armed forces abroad, the Russian military attacked the 112 objects of IG. The defense Minister noted that "the intensity of impacts increases". "During this time, with 30 number destroyed 19 control, 12 ammunition depots, 71 unit of armored vehicles, 6 factories and workshops for manufacturing explosive devices", — said the head of the defense Ministry.
Operation of Russia in Syria began on September 30. On the same day, Putin said that support for the Syrian army "will be carried out with air, without participation in ground operations". Since the beginning of the operation, the defense Ministry delivers daily reports in which it was reported exclusively about the strikes on the positions of terrorist forces aviation.
The participants of the international antiterrorist coalition (USA, Turkey, Qatar, UK, Germany, France and Saudi Arabia) accuse Russia of attacks on the positions of moderate opponents of President Bashar al-Assad. Moscow denies the accusations.
Sources: Institute for the Study of War, the air force, the defense Ministry.


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Lib Dems 'are back' after shock by-election win
- Published
- comments
Lib Dem leader Tim Farron claims his party is "back in the big time" after it fought on the issue of Brexit to oust ex-Conservative MP Zac Goldsmith in the Richmond Park by-election.
Lib Dem challenger Sarah Olney overturned Mr Goldsmith's 23,015 majority to finish 1,872 votes ahead.
Mr Goldsmith quit the Tories to stand as an independent after the government backed a third Heathrow runway.
But the Lib Dems successfully switched the focus of the campaign to Brexit.
Mr Goldsmith was among Conservatives who backed a Leave vote in the 23 June referendum on the UK's membership of the EU.
Mr Farron said the outcome was a verdict on Theresa May's "UKIP-ish" take on Brexit and showed that it was possible for moderates to win.
The result was seized on by the European Parliament's lead Brexit negotiator Guy Verhofstadt - a Liberal politician - who congratulated Ms Olney and said Europe "is watching".
But Mr Verhofstadt's intervention provoked anger from Conservative former leader and prominent Leave campaigner Iain Duncan Smith who warned him to "mind his own bloody business".
He told The Telegraph: "I assume this means he is prepared to stand by the result of the EU referendum which means that we are leaving, so he should stop moaning and carping and trying to damage this."
Conservative Remain campaigner Anna Soubry said the result was "sensational", tweeting that MPs "ignore Remainers at their peril & u can forget #Hardbrexit".
Mr Farron told BBC2's Daily Politics: "Overturning a 23,000 majority comes as a shock under any circumstances."
He added: "Sarah is a reminder that populism does not automatically have to win. Those results: Brexit, Trump, the last general election, there was nothing inevitable about them.
"It is entirely possible for moderate progressive people to win.
"This is the beginning, not just of the British people choosing to own what happens next over Brexit - it's also the beginning of Britain finally having a decent, moderate, tolerant opposition to the Tories that fills the space that Jeremy Corbyn's Labour party have left behind.
"This is the beginning of something special... This is a historic moment for the country - let's see what happens next."
But John Curtice, professor of politics at the University of Strathclyde and president of the British Polling Council, urged caution at reading too much into the result.
While it did give the Lib Dems a chance to demonstrate their credibility, and get themselves noticed in what had previously been a Lib Dem seat, he told BBC Radio 4's World at One programme: "To try to suggest that this by-election success tells us anything about the mood of the country in relation to Brexit is mistaken.
"The polling evidence is that we still have a situation where the country is divided pretty much 50:50 on the merits of Remain versus Leave, much as it was on 24 June."
Lib Dems poured resources into the contest in the staunchly Remain south-west London seat after Mr Goldsmith quit as a Conservative MP to force the by-election, so he could run as an anti-Heathrow expansion independent.
Who is Sarah Olney?
A relative newcomer to politics, Sarah Olney said she was compelled to join the Liberal Democrats after the 2015 general election.
In her victory speech, she said: "A year and a half ago I wasn't involved in politics, I wasn't a member of a political party, I had never been involved in a political campaign, I had never thought about being a politician.
"But I knew I was a liberal.
"When I saw what happened in the general election last year I felt I had to get involved."
Ms Olney, who lives in Kingston with her husband Ben and two children, works as a qualified accountant at the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington.
The vote saw Labour's Christian Wolmar losing his £500 deposit as he trailed a distant third. The other five candidates also lost their deposits as they did not receive a big enough share of the vote.
Ms Olney, who also opposed Heathrow expansion, will be the Lib Dems' only female MP - joining eight male colleagues.
She said the by-election result was a rejection of the "politics of anger and division" and pledged to vote against Article 50 - the legal process that sparks Britain's exit from the EU - if it is put to a parliamentary vote.
"That's been a central part of my campaign and now I've been given a very clear mandate that that's what they [constituents] want me to do," she told the BBC.
But Ms Olney disappeared off air when she was grilled further over her stance on Brexit during an interview on Talk Radio. An unnamed aide stepped in and told presenter Julia Hartley-Brewer: "I'm really sorry but Sarah has to leave now."
Earlier, Housing Minister Gavin Barwell said the by-election result "doesn't change anything in terms of government".
And Downing Street added: "The referendum result was very clear and the majority of the country expressed an opinion for us to leave the EU.
"The government is getting on with delivering that."
Conservative MP Jacob Rees-Mogg said he believed the vote had been about Brexit as Richmond "was a very strong pro-Remain constituency".
He praised Mr Goldsmith's "nobility" for keeping his word, but said it was a "real shame" that an independently minded person like him would no longer be in Parliament.
After his defeat was announced, Mr Goldsmith said: "This by-election was not a political calculation.
"It was a promise that I made and it was a promise that I kept.
"I wish Sarah well in her very, very important job and I hope she serves this community as well as this community deserves."
Full result:
- Sarah Olney (Liberal Democrats) - 20,510
- Zac Goldsmith (Independent) - 18,638
- Christian Wolmar (Labour Party) - 1,515
- Howling Laud Hope (The Official Monster Raving Loony Party) - 184
- Fiona Natasha Syms, (Independent) - 173
- Dominic Francis Stockford, (Christian Peoples Alliance) - 164
- Maharaja Jammu and Kashmir (One Love Party) - 67
- David Powell - 32
Turnout = 53.6%
Ms Olney was elected with a majority of 1,872 votes, compared with a Conservative Party majority of 23,015 at the 2015 general election.


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Great teeth - healthy teeth
Great teeth - is now a necessary attribute for a successful current man. To keep your teeth longer remain beautiful and healthy learn how to care for them. Dental care is composed of 2 components: the permanent home leaving and regular visits to the dental office.Part of a carefully home maintenanceThe main item regularity. Brushing the teeth want be every time twice per day at least, and preferably of the every meal prima. The process for cleaning the teeth need last no less than three minutes. Do not forget to go done all the affordable surfaces of a teeth.Read more -->
How to brush his teeth, toothbrush
Does a toothbrush? Or you can buy the, just to enjoy anything to brushing a teeth? Even best toothpaste is unlikely to help the teeth, brush if chosen rightly - and in fact, many people buy a brushing, guided by its price and even color - green, with reds - and not its dental characteristics. A brushing want be tough enough - as it will come off better plaque, soft brush is required when the gums are too sensitive and frequently bleed, but in this case, a problem need be solved - bleeding gums certainly suggests some disease. No want to buy a brush with a great cleaning head - it is not very efficient, a electric toothbrush does not ever have to prefer the usual - it is helf for infants and a elderly, however when brushing your teeth can put less effort. Ultrasonic brushes are the most efficient for presently - you kill bacteria, not only on the teeth, but also under the gums. As, no problem as good a toothbrush, it is required to substitute it at least once in 3-4 months.Like posts: Right masks for skin Face care winter Face care skin is dry. .Read more -->
Deksalgin - pills for toothache
Deksalgin toothache can stay within Thirty minutes after administration, and is efficient around 5 hours. For more severe pain it does not apply, and is contraindicated in the elderly, infants, pregnant gerls, men with diseases of the stomach and asthma sufferers. This medicine may cause allergies.Similar posts: Reasonable facials and masks Face after 30 years Face care. . . .Read more -->
A cost of the implant
The cost of the implant may be 9, 000 rubles, and 15,000, and more than 30 000, and install all the teeth completely (both jaws) may be for 390, 000 and above. The cost of implants is the cost of a surgery, the implant and a crown. The effect of a proceedings is worth it to pay this price, although a range, however ever, is up to a patient.Similar posts: Masks for skin in the salon Face care moisturizing Facials at night. . . .Read more -->
How to brush his teeth, toothbrush
Does a toothbrush? Or you can buy a, just to keep anything to brush the teeth? Even best toothpaste is unlikely to help a teeth, brushing if chosen right - and in fact, many men buy a brushing, guided by its price and even color - green, with reds - and not its dental characteristics. The brush should be tough enough - so it will come off better plaque, mild brush is required when a gums are too sensitive and ofttimes bleed, but in this case, the problem want be solved - bleeding gums certainly suggests some disease. No require to buy a brush with a great cleaning head - it is not much efficient, a electric toothbrush does not always keep to prefer a normal - it is good for kids and the elderly, however when brushing a teeth may put less effort. Ultrasonic brushes are a most active for presently - they kill bacteria, not only on the teeth, but as well under a gums. However, no problem how good a toothbrush, it is required to substitute it at least once in 3-4 weeks.Alike posts: Face care folk remedies Facial Childbearing Early masks and face care. .Read more -->
Brushing your teeth to their heartiness
However as do you brush a teeth? If no problems, then just clean out them thoroughly however it need be - in the right and evening, and at night it is necessary to do the good. We, on a contrary, polish a teeth in a first when you have to go to work and look great, and in the evening we clean hit or miss (and sometimes forget), and Buchan's sleep, however the force is only enough to get to bed. Bacteria as well possess accumulated for the time, do not go to sleep - you are all night feasting and multiply actively, managing to bring a teeth in the satisfying lots of damage - and this has happened repeatedly.Well chosen toothbrush must be slightly convex, with a prominent relief bristles and want not be too gentle, but tough, too: it must be tough enough to prevent a formation of plaque and tartar. If the gums are sensitive, and the enamel of the teeth is damaged, you can buy a newborn brush and seriously address the dental medication, contact a person: enamel need be in ordering.Substitute a brushing should be no less than once every 3 months - if you brush a teeth three minutes daily, but if you limit brushing teeth in a first and evening, it is potential and each 5 weeks, although it is consummate to often. Sanitize a toothbrush does not hurt: it can be water-washed in a decision of saline or hydrogen peroxide, so right however to keep out of direct sunlight - a bacteria do not survive.Alike articles: Facials winter Face maintenance during pregnancy Masks and skin care eye bags. .Read more -->
Folk remedies to strengthen teeth and gums
Folk remedies to strengthen teeth and gums much, so you can ever take a right and apply them at home.Systemic sol is able to eliminate a unpleasant tasting, odor - even in smokers, and to strengthen a gums and teeth. It is indispensable to prepare a solution - 1 des.l. Salt in a glass of h2o and rinse your mouths at night.Strengthens a gums and teeth powderise peel eggplant. Peel should be dried in the oven, mash with a spoon in a coffee grinder, throw in 1 tbsp a resulting powder glass of stewing aqua for a while, drain and add saline - 1 tsp This line-up several minutes daily, rinse the mouth.Oak bark has long been known among the men however a means of terminating the bleeding of the gums. Bark (2 parts) and lime color (1 part) is mix, pour 1 teaspoon mix of a glass of boiled water, cooled and filtered. Rinse a mouth 2-3 times per day.In gingivitis and bad breath alcohol tincture of St.Read more -->


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Every idiot knows alternative media needs funds to survive because BN government refuses to give them publication permit for printed newspapers.
Malaysiakini newspapers circulation will hit 100,000 copies in first three months if the permit is granted to Malaysiakini.
George Soros needs to inject RM 10 billion to buy votes if he wants to control domestic politics.
The old man forgot China government has more says on who is Malaysia government after GE13 by blatantly proclaim that BN is China choice.
The old man is still naive to believe such petty issues will shift the focus of BN corruption, cronyism and racism from the rakyat minds.
Foreign funders want to push for regime change: Mahathir
KUALA LUMPUR (Sept 23, 2012): Some foreign powers want to push for a regime change in Malaysia by funding local-based, pro-opposition organisations, said former prime minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad.
He said, the ultimate goal of the funders was to see the appointment of a leader whom they could put under their thumb.
Speaking to reporters here today, Dr Mahathir said that funding by the National Endowment for Democracy and the American currency speculator George Soros-linked Open Society Institute (OSI) — in the name of democracy and freedom — were not only bad but also reflected a hidden intention in wanting to control the domestic politics.
The vocal veteran politician was asked to comment on news portal Malaysiakini.com's admission that it had received foreign funds, including from OSI.
It was exposed recently that apart from Mkini Dot Com Sdn Bhd which operates Malaysiakini.com, non-governmental organisation Suara Rakyat Malaysia (Suaram) had also received foreign funds. – Bernama


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Monday, June 24, 2019
Territory Golf Club, 480 55th Avenue SE, St. Cloud, MN 56304
Registration: 11:00 a.m.
Shotgun Start: 12:00 Noon
Includes 18-hole Golf Scramble, Dinner, and Awards Program
Individual golfer: $100
Foursome: $400
Hole and Sponsorship Options
|Gold ($500)
|Silver ($300)
|Bronze ($150)
|Hole Sponsor
|Hole Sponsor
|Hole Sponsor
|Program Ad
|Program Ad
|Social Media
All proceeds from the tournament go to the John Haller Legacy Scholarship fund and athletics to increase educational opportunities for SCTCC students. John was the Director of Student Life & Athletics, a coach, and a friend to many.
$300 Silver Sponsors
- All-Star Trophy & Awards
- B. Streeter
- Haller Realty
- Bob and Vicky Kapitzke
- Manea's Meats
- Northern Business Products
- Regent Agencies
- Rengel Printing
- SCTCC Liberal Arts & Science Faculty
- Tischler Wood
- US Bank
- Jebb Willis
$150 Bronze Sponsors
- 10K Architecture
- In Memory of Clara Cone
- Preferred Title
- St. Cloud Orthopedics
- The Third Rail Bar and Grill
Foundation Director
Arlene Williams


text:
Deer Trail was a fantastic place to grow up without much supervision. We pushed the limits of our creativity and managed to stay alive to talk about it. I remember riding on the hood of my friend's car going down the highway at 40mph, walking through the bonfire after consuming beer from the keg, and tipping over cows once they fell asleep.
Once we got told off by the high school secretary for not doing enough posters and flyers for our high school football team. It wasn't really her place to grumble at us, and we wanted to get her back. My friend's family owned the "Dairy King" in Deer Trail, and they just so happened to catch a mouse in a trap a few days before. We drove up to the store and grabbed the dead mouse, and headed back to the school. Secretly we found a place to put the dead rodent-in the secretary's desk drawer-thinking that she would find it the next day. That night we were in the old gymnasium decorating for a dance, and all the sudden we heard a bloodcurdling scream. Apparently some of the girls were up in the office working on signs to put up around the school, and the secretary went to her desk for another pen. Without turning on the lights, she reached in and grabbed the mouse. She screamed bloody murder-we heard it from the opposite end of the school. My partners-in-crime and I knew what happened and bolted out of the school (think Bo and Luke Duke).
We got called in to the office the next morning and had to face our punishment. We got the big "talking to" about how rude and mean we were blah, blah, blah and not to do it again. We decided dead rodents were not something we should use again-but man it was awesome! Looking back we raised a lot of hell, and we broke the rules, but we worked hard when we had to. I think the biggest rule we probably all broke was not staying away from the missile base.
I am not sure of the whole story of the missile base, but I do know that once it was finished it was deemed obsolete so it was never used. It was the coolest/scariest/deadliest place we ever went. We heard people used to live down there, and some stories included witchcraft. We climbed down three or four flights of stairs into the complete blackness, It was cold, and parts of it were flooded, but it was so cool. We would explore different levels, and we found "death floor", which was a floor that only had the metal framing left. We had to walk very carefully, or we would fall into the nasty watery abyss below. One time my boyfriend (at the time) and I went down with a small flashlight and a lighter. We explored deep into the darkness and I was scared. My boyfriend made me use the lighter to walk through the tunnel-and I was petrified. The tunnel was a straight shot, but there were metal braces coming out of the walls that I could have run into. We ended up climbing through an exhaust pipe and made it back to the sunlight all covered with soot! (101 Dalmatians got nuthin' on me!) I never forgot that trip to the missile base, or the boy I was with, but I got him back.
I dated a guy that my foster parents didn't like. They made it hard for us to spend time together, and I finally gave in to the pressure and we broke up. He was a good man, and we had fun together, but he started dating some of my friends. One night I was staying at my uncle's house (my foster parents went off on a weekend trip) and we were driving around, drinking a little (ok a lot) and checking who was out and about. We spotted a truck that I recognized from the years we dated, and then it was gone. We searched all over but they were gone. We tried going out to the fields to look for them and we hit a hare. I don't really know why, but we picked it up and threw it in the back of the pickup. After a few more searches, we found the truck. They had stopped to "make out" and we pulled up on them with our lights off. My uncle had ducked down and let my other friend drive, and we let the parked truck know we were there. GOTCHA! The response was different than we thought as my ex-boyfriend yelled out "How did you get that fat-ass's pickup!" Well that angered my uncle and he popped up and said something else back-something about kicking his ass-and my uncle got out of the pickup, and grabbed the dead hare out of the pickup bed and tossed it in the cab of the lovebirds! We took off like a bat outta hell and laughed ourselves silly! I wish it would've ended there, but our great prank fueled us into "More Beer for my Friends" and we imbibed a little too much. I was sitting next to my buddy and he was near the door. I told him that I felt like I was going to "blow chunks" (vomit) and he needed to let me out. He turned and said "no you won't" but he was wrong. I decorated his blue jeans, t-shirt, and even his tennis shoes. My uncle told me not to get any in his truck, and I didn't. It was so gross, it was everywhere, and my buddy wasn't very happy with me.
Lesson: if someone says they are going to vomit, do not say "No, you won't"!


text: " Are you aware that In Modern English spelling, i represents several different sounds, either the diphthong /aɪ/ ("long i") as in kite, the short /ɪ/ as in bill, or the ee sound /iː/ in the last syllable of machine. The diphthong /aɪ/ developed from Middle English /iː/ through a series of vowel shifts. In the Great Vowel Shift, Middle English /iː/ changed to Early Modern English /ei/, which later changed to /əi/ and finally to the Modern English diphthong /aɪ/ in General American and Received Pronunciation. Because the diphthong /aɪ/ developed from a Middle English long vowel, it is called long i in traditional English grammar.[citation needed]


text:
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Ordinary Time: February 16th
Wednesday of the Sixth Week in Ordinary Time
Other Commemorations: St. Juliana (RM); St. Onesimus (RM)
» Enjoy our Liturgical Seasons series of e-books!
Today the Roman Martyrology commemorates St. Juliana and St. Onesimus. St. Juliana was a Christian virgin of Cumae, Italy, martyred for the faith when she refused to marry a Roman prefect. She suffered terrible ordeals and was finally beheaded. One tradition reports that Juliana actually suffered martyrdom at Nicomedia and that her relics were transferred to Cumae. It is also the feast of St. Onesimus martyr and former slave. He is mentioned in St. Paul's Letter to Philemon as the slave of Philemon in Colossae, Phrygia, who ran away.
St. Juliana
St. Juliana suffered martyrdom during the Diocletian persecution. Both the Latin and Greek Churches mention a holy martyr Juliana in their lists of saints. The oldest historical notice of her is found in the "Martryologium Hieronymianum" for 16 February, the place of birth being given as Cumae in Campania (In Campania Cumbas, natale Julianae). It is true that the notice is contained only in the one chief manuscript of the above-named martyrology (the Codex Epternacensis), but that this notice is certainly authentic is clear from a letter of St. Gregory the Great, which testifies to the special veneration of St. Juliana in the neighbourhood of Naples. A pious matron named Januaria built a church on one of her estates, for the consecration of which she desired relics (sanctuaria, that is to say, objects which had been brought into contact with the graves) of Sts. Severinus and Juliana. Gregory wrote to Fortunatus, Bishop of Naples, telling him to accede to the wishes of Januaria (Gregorii Magni epist., lib. IX, ep. xxxv, in Migne P.L., LXXXVII, 1015).
St. Onesimus
St. Onesimus was a slave to Philemon, an influential man who had been converted by St. Paul. Onesimus offended Philemon and fled in order to escape any sort of retribution. He then met St. Paul while Paul was in a Roman prison. Shortly after, Onesimus was baptized.


text: This book serves two basic identification needs. The first is that of the typical collector who is trying to identify a Chevy V-8 component which may be in a salvage yard or swap meet. This book will help identify what kind of vehicle the component was originally installed on. The second need helps determine if it is the correct part. To identify a component, simply find the cast or stamped-in identification number, turn to the appropriate section in the book and look it up. There are casting numbers for big and small engine blocks, crankshaft, big and small cylinder heads, exhaust manifolds, intake manifolds, Carter Carburetor, Holley Carburetor, Rochester Carburetor, fuel pump, water pump, generator/alternator, starter, distributor and EGR valve.


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Not having internet at home for the last two days has proven two things for me:
First, I really am addicted to my nightly blog reading.
Two, I am really good at finding other ways to procrastinate.
Oh well, at least I'm honest about it.
Here's an outfit I put together last week for the first day back to school after the Christmas break. (Always a hard day, mind you).
My sister was weeding through her closet and lucky for me, I scored these lovely green thrifted Armani pants. My mum brought them with her from NYC for me. They fit just like a pair of men's slacks.
So I went with the menswear theme and paired the slacks with my blazer, my oxfords, and my new gold men's watch.
I wanted to get a close up of my newest necklace. It's one I mentioned I'd like to make back in the summer after I went shopping in Cat Street. I found this ornate picture hook in a store selling brass door knobs and hooks, etc. I thought it would be perfect on a chain. My sister took it back to Brooklyn Charm and helped me get it strung up. I'm so happy with how it turned out.
Now, here's a proposition for you. One of the ideas I've been cooking up for 2012 is the possibility of opening an online shop connected to my blog, which I was thinking I'd call You're a Norbyah. In it, I might sell some clothes that I've found in the my usual haunts in and around the city and even a small collection of treasures that I find in various markets (like this picture hook).
I've not a clue how to go about setting it up, and I'm far too busy right now to start. But, I'll do some research and I'm excited about getting it started. Any ideas from you experienced sellers out there are welcome.
The big question is this...Would anyone buy my stuff?
Outfit details: Armani pants (thrifted from Housing Works in NYC via my sister), H&M blazer, Cotton On top, belt thrifted from Artists and Fleas, Brooklyn, Sam Edelman oxfords, picture hook necklace, Michael Kors watch (a gift from my wonderful sisters), earrings thrifted from Salvo (in Stanley before they closed down)


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The Fall Meet at Churchill Downs starts in two days and track officials there say they've been able to round up a quality slate of races.
As most Kentucky tracks have been lobbying for expanded gambling, one of the claims from the horse industry has been that Bluegrass horsemen are leaving the Commonwealth for other racing states that offer higher purses because they are infused with gaming revenue.
But Churchill spokesperson Darren Rogers says they've been able to fill their barns for the Fall Meet, especially with two-year-olds.
"Traditionally, the two-year-old racing in the fall is well supported here at Churchill Downs," says Rogers, "but by no means does that mean next spring we won't be facing our challenges that we continue to face as an industry."
The 21-day meet ends November 28th, and will not include night racing. Rogers says officials are in the process of reviewing bids to install permanent lighting at the historic track.


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The Daily Phil Esposito and a little more (3/24/11)
Photo: espn.go.com
There were six former Blackhawks on the ice last night. One was a goalie who picked up his 3oth win of the season, the other five were skaters. They were only able to muster up three points, one goal and two assists. The goal was from Rene Bourque while the assists came from Danny Cleary and Benny Eager.
Jack Skille continued his suckfest as well. Great to see that on the ice at the UC. The Hawk's played great last night, and it all looks promising… well it does right now.
There are three games tonight which can affect the Hawks in the standings. The biggest one is between 7th place Nashville and 8th place Anaheim. The winner jumps up to 5th place in the standings knocking the Hawk's down to sixth. Hopefully this is only a two point game and the other team doest pick up a point. It's a seven team race for the last five spots and 4th to 10th place are only separated by 6th points. The other games that affect the 'Hawks tonight have the Blue Jackets taking on the Phoenix Coyotes in Arizona while the Sharks take on the Kings in LA. A King win moves them back ahead of the Blackhawks as well.
The only good news coming out of this is that all the teams besides Dallas will have played more games than the Hawks after tonight leaving some leeway. The Hawks have played 73 while the Kings, and Ducks will have played 74, the Preds will have played 75, and the Flames and the Coyotes will have played 76. The Hawks can catch all the teams in front of them, and will have the chance to put more points on them and finish in 4th. That's if they come out and continue this dominating play. Big "IF". Well without further a due, your daily Esposito.
Click the jump for updates from the 3/23/11 games
Sergei Samsonov – Florida
19:00 TOI, minus one, four shots
Jack Skille – Florida
16:23 TOI, minus two, 2 PIM, two shots, 0 for 3 on face-offs
Again a huge minus in the stat sheet. Now a minus 11 in just nine games as a Panther…
Dan Cleary – Detroit
20:16 TOI, one assist (19), minus one, five shots
Rene Bourque – Calgary
17:01 TOI, one goal (26), minus one, one shot
Jason Williams – Dallas
6:04 TOI, minus one
Ben Eager – San Jose
8:03 TOI, one assist (10), one shot
Antti Niemi – San Jose
Win (30), 22 saves on 25 shots, .880 SV%
Career High 30 wins this season in 53 games played.
Follow Brandon Spinner on Twitter: @branman111289
or email him at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Date of Degree
Document Type
Degree Name
Jeffrey Taylor
Committee Members
Ursula Oppens
Philip Lambert
Michael Barrett
Subject Categories
American Studies | Music | Musicology | Music Performance | Other Music
Orchestral, recycling, New York in the 1900s, American music
Much of Leonard Bernstein's piano music is incorporated in his orchestral and theatrical works. The comparison and understanding of how the piano works relate to the orchestral manifestations validates the independence of the piano works, provides new insights into Bernstein's compositional process, and presents several significant issues of notation and interpretation that can influence the performance practice of both musical versions.
The chronological and historical significance of his piano music has been sometimes inaccurately recorded and/or generalized. In understanding the factual chronological, social, and political relationships behind the piano works and their orchestral manifestations, I argue that the piano works, both unpublished and published, are significantly influential to the development of American music and New York aesthetics in the twentieth century. This research also explores why several unpublished completed piano works held in the Library of Congress have been withheld.
Recommended Citation
Osterkamp, Leann, "Leonard Bernstein's Piano Music: A Comparative Study of Selected Works" (2018). CUNY Academic Works.
Included in
American Studies Commons, Musicology Commons, Music Performance Commons, Other Music Commons


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MIA > Archive > Cliff > Trotsky 2
Trotsky's armoured train
The army and society
UP TO NOW we have dealt with the Red Army largely by describing its structure. However the Red Army was built and steeled in the civil war itself. Unlike 'normal' armies, which enjoy years of peace in which to be equipped and trained, the Red Army was built under the direct pressure of the civil war.
In late summer 1918 the Soviet regime faced the abyss. In the west the Germans had occupied not only Poland, Lithuania and Latvia, but also Belorussia, and a considerable part of Great Russia. The Ukraine had become an Austro-German colony. In the north the French and British occupied Murmansk and Archangel, and threatened an advance on Vologda. In Iaroslav an insurrection of White Guards was organised by Savinkov at the instigation of the French and British, with the object of connecting the northern troops with the Czechoslovaks and White Guards on the Volga.
In the south, on the Don, an uprising was spreading under the leadership of General Krasnov, then in alliance with the Germans. The newly established Tartar-Bashkir Republic was already lost to the Bolsheviks and Baku was occupied by the British. In the east the revolt of the Czechoslovak expeditionary force rapidly gained control over a huge zone, including much of the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia. On 6 August the town of Kazan fell, laying the road to Moscow open. If the Czechs had succeeded in crossing the river at this point, they could have marched unhindered across the open plain towards Moscow.
Two days later Trotsky ordered the first compulsory call-up of commissioned and non-commissioned officers, and stern measures against any dereliction of duty in the Soviet camp. On the same day he himself left for the front in the train that was to serve as his abode and mobile headquarters during the following two and a half years. In an order of the day issued before his departure, Trotsky wrote:
I send my greetings to all those who ... are honestly and valiantly defending the freedom and independence of the working class and the working peasantry.
Honour and glory to the valiant fighters.
At the same time I issue this warning: no quarter will be given to the enemies of the people, the agents of foreign imperialism, the hirelings of the bourgeoisie. In the train of the People's Commissar for Military Affairs where this order is being written, a Military Revolutionary Tribunal is in session ... [which] has been given unlimited powers within the zone of the railway line, which is placed under martial law.
... I warn responsible Soviet officials in all areas where military operations are in progress, and in the zone of military movements, that we shall be doubly exacting towards them. The Soviet Republic will punish its negligent and criminal servants no less severely than its enemies ...
The Soviet Republic is imperilled! Woe to those who, directly or indirectly, aggravate its peril! [1]
Trotsky arrived at Sviiazhsk, a little town on the western bank of the Volga, opposite Kazan. He found the Red Army completely demoralised – there had been mass desertion from the ranks and prostration among commanders and commissars. In his autobiography Trotsky described the situation he found:
Each unit lived its own distinct life, sharing in common only a readiness to retreat ... The soil itself seemed to be infected with panic. The fresh Red detachments, arriving in vigorous mood, were immediately engulfed by the inertia of retreat. A rumour began to spread among the local peasantry that the Soviets were doomed. Priests and tradesmen lifted their heads. The revolutionary elements in the villages went into hiding. Everything was crumbling; there was nothing to hold to. The situation seemed hopeless. [2]
The fate of the revolution was hanging on a thread. Its territory
was now reduced to the size of the ancient Moscow principality. It had hardly any army; it was surrounded by enemies on all sides. After Kazan would have come the turn of Nizhni-Novgorod, from which a practically unobstructed road lay open to Moscow. The fate of the revolution was being decided here, at Sviiazhsk. And here, at the most critical moment, it rested on a single battalion, on one company, on the courage of one commissary. [3]
Out of the panic-stricken undisciplined mob, Trotsky created within a few weeks a fighting force which, as the Fifth Army, was one of the best of the sixteen armies that were organised during the civil war. Despite all the demoralisation in the Red Army ranks, Trotsky writes,
the revolution was saved. What was needed for that? Very little. The front ranks of the masses had to realise the mortal danger in the situation. The first requisite of success was to hide nothing, our weakness least of all. Not to trifle with the masses, but to call everything by its right name ...
The propaganda throughout the country was being fed by telegrams from Sviiazhsk. The soviets, the party, the trade unions, all devoted themselves to raising new detachments, and sent thousands of communists to the Kazan front. Most of the youth of the party did not know how to handle arms, but they had the will to win, and that was the most important thing. They put backbone into the soft body of the army. [4]
Gusev, who later became a supporter of Stalin, was in Sviiazhsk at the time. In 1924, when he was far from friendly to Trotsky, he described the impact Trotsky had on the Red soldiers:
The arrival of Comrade Trotsky worked a decisive change in the situation. In Comrade Trotsky's train to the obscure station of Sviiazhsk there came a firm will to victory, a new sense of initiative, and resolute pressure in all phases of the army work.
From the very first days, everyone began to feel that some abrupt change had taken place, not only at the station – the active campaign headquarters of the political section and the army supply staff, crammed with the supply trains of countless regiments – but even in army units stationed about fifteen versts away. It was first apparent in the matter of discipline. Comrade Trotsky's harsh methods were most expedient and necessary for that period of undisciplined and irregular warfare. Persuasion counted for nothing, and there was no time for it. And so, during the twenty-five days that Comrade Trotsky spent at Sviiazhsk a tremendous amount of work was done, with the result that the disorganised and demoralised units of the Fifth Army were changed into the fighting units that later recaptured Kazan. [5]
Trotsky's train remained within reach of enemy fire. The local commissars proposed that he should move to a safer place on a steam boat on the Volga, but he refused, fearing the effect this might have on the troops. However, Trotsky did go with sailors from Kronstadt on a torpedo boat, part of a tiny flotilla, on an adventurous night raid on Kazan. Most of the flotilla was destroyed, but it managed to silence the enemy batteries on the banks of the river and Trotsky returned safely to his base. His courage and inspiration worked wonders. After a bitter fight, the Red Army recaptured Kazan on 10 September 1918. Trotsky wrote:
This was a small war; on our side, there were only about 25,000 to 30,000 men engaged. But the small war differed from a big one only in scale. It was like a living model of a war. That is why its fluctuations and surprises were felt so directly. The small war was a big school. [6]
Sviiazhsk was a turning point for the young Red Army:
The army was taking shape magnificently. The lowest ebb of the revolution – the moment of the fall of Kazan – was now behind us. Along with this, a tremendous change was taking place in the peasantry. The Whites were teaching the muzhiks their political abc's. During the ensuing seven months the Red Army cleared a territory of nearly a million square kilometres with a population of 40 million. The revolution was again advancing. [7]
Sviiazhsk was the Valmy' of the Russian Revolution. The first victory of the French revolutionary army over the Prussians had been at Valmy on 20 September 1792. Afterwards the poet Goethe said: 'From this place and from this day forth commences a new era in the world's history, and you can all say that you were present at its birth.'
At the end of September Trotsky returned to Moscow and reorganised the Supreme War Council into the Revolutionary War Council of the Republic – a body responsible for deciding military policy. Under it were the revolutionary war councils of the fourteen armies, each made up of the commander of the army and two or three commissars. Trotsky presided over the Revolutionary War Council of the Republic. His deputy, who managed the day-to-day work while Trotsky was away at the front, was Efroim Markovich Sklyansky, then 26 years old. He was a Kiev medical student who had joined the Bolsheviks in 1913, becoming an army doctor and a member of the Bolshevik military organisation. Trotsky paid generous tribute to the talent and energy of his deputy, describing him as 'the Carnot of the Russian Revolution'. [1*]
The other members of the Revolutionary War Council of the Republic were Vatzetis, who had just been appointed Commander-in-Chief, I.N. Smirnov and A. Rosengolts, who had served with Vatzetis on the Volga, and Raskolnikov, who commanded the Red flotilla at Kazan, Muralov and Iurenev. Thus the victors of Kazan were placed at the head of the army.
The trip to Sviiazhsk was only the first of 36 long journeys to the widely separated fronts of the civil war that Trotsky made in the special train from which he guided the war. The train was the heart of the Red Army. Trotsky writes:
During the most strenuous years of the revolution, my own personal life was bound up inseparably with the life of that train. The train, on the other hand, was inseparably bound up with the life of the Red Army. The train linked the front with the base, solved urgent problems on the spot, educated, appealed, supplied, rewarded, and punished ...
For two and a half years, except for comparatively short intervals, I lived in a railway coach. There I received those who brought reports, held conferences with local military and civil authorities, studied telegraphic despatches, dictated orders and articles. From it I made long trips along the front in automobiles with my co-workers. In my spare time I dictated my book against Kautsky and various other works ... it had ... become a flying apparatus of administration. Its sections included a secretariat, a printing press, a telegraph station, a radio station, an electric power station, a library, a garage, and a bath ...
I haven't even the exact figures of the total distance covered by the train during the civil war. One of the notes to my military books mentions 36 trips, with a total run of over 105,000 kilometres. One of my former fellow-travellers writes that he reckons from memory that in three years we circled the earth five and a half times – he gives, that is, a figure twice as large as the one mentioned above. This does not include thousands of kilometres done by automobile from the railway line into the heart of the front line. Since the train always went to the most critical points, the diagram of its journeys gives a fairly exact and comprehensive picture of the relative importance of the different fronts. [8]
In the train, Trotsky writes,
We always had in reserve a few zealous communists to fill in the breaches, a hundred or so of good fighting men, a small stock of boots, leather jackets, medicaments, machine-guns, field-glasses, maps, watches, and all sorts of gifts. Of course, the actual material resources of the train were slight in comparison with the needs of the army. But they were constantly being replenished. [9]
The arrival of the train put the most isolated unit in touch with the whole army, and brought it into the life not only of the country, but of the entire world. Alarmist rumours and doubts were dispelled, and the spirit of the men grew firm. This change of morale would last for several weeks, sometimes until the next visit of the train. [10]
Without constant changes and improvisations, the war would have been utterly impossible for us. The train initiated these, and at the same time regulated them. If we gave an impulse of initiative to the front and its immediate rear, we took care to direct it into the channels of the general system. I do not want to say that we always succeeded in this. But, as the civil war has demonstrated, we did achieve the principal thing – victory. [11]
In the unstable poise of a scale, only a small weight is enough to decide. The role of that weight was played by the train and its detachments a great many times during its two and a half years of travel. [12]
In the train Trotsky demonstrated how the sword and the pen could act together in complete harmony. Trotsky's prolific output is recorded in the five volumes of his How the Revolution Armed. This includes his articles, speeches, reports, appeals, orders, instructions, letters, telegrams and other documents devoted to the Red Army. Unfortunately the volumes do not encompass his correspondence (mostly with Lenin) and many of his speeches during the civil war. On the last point Trotsky explains:
The most important speeches, namely those which were addressed to military workers on the spot, at the fronts and in the army units, and which had profoundly practical, concrete significance, determined by the demands of the moment – these most important and significant speeches were, as a rule, not taken down in writing by anyone. [13]
The volumes of How the Revolution Armed are distinguished by a rich combination of broad historical sweep, originality, innovation and attention to the details of army life.
An army is not external to society and does not develop independently from society. In any period of history military technique reflects the level of technique in the economy as a whole and the structure of the army reflects the structure of society as a whole. In medieval times the knight had a horse and a sword because the peasant had a horse and a plough. The mass armies of the First World War, involving millions, could not exist without a mass of workers working in factories producing the guns and shells. The nuclear bomb – the ability to press a button and thereby kill tens or hundreds of millions – parallels the multi- national corporations and their power to telex massive sums of capital from one country to another, close factories – so sacking thousands, or open others employing thousands.
If the dominant social relations are those between feudal lords and serfs, then the same feudal relations dominate the relations between the lord and his knights. If in the capitalist factory there is a hierarchy of manager, deputy manager, foreman and workers, then the same hierarchy is reproduced – in more extreme form – in the army: from general to major, NCOs to the rank and file.
The social conditions of the Soviet Republic affected the shape and the working of the Red Army. The Red Army throughout the civil war was constantly under pressure from the localist, fragmented nature of the peasantry, as well as the small size of the proletariat and the general cultural poverty. Throughout the civil war these circumstances again and again obstructed Trotsky's efforts to secure the cohesion of the army. These conditions nurtured a continuous opposition to his military policy, which became the embryo of the Stalinist faction of the future.
The party cadres, reflecting the unevenness of consciousness in the working class and the conflict between the mass peasantry and the workers, showed a strong inclination towards substitutionism – the substitution of the state and party apparatus in place of the direct action of the workers – and towards the bureaucratic manipulation of the masses. This tendency was strengthened in the army, because the workers there were submerged in the sea of peasants. The fact that the army was an organism whose needs were in the highest degree demanding and imperative, and brooked no delay, further reinforced the bureaucratic, authoritarian tendencies among party cadres.
1*. Lazare Carnot (1753-1823) was a key member of the great Committee of Public Safety, which played the decisive role in defending the French Revolution in 1793-94 when it was besieged on all sides by invading foreign armies as well as facing internal counter-revolution. Carnot was in charge of the revolution's military defence. His brilliant success in turning the tide against the invading armies earned him a reputation as 'the organiser of victories'.
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<< Last Chapter | Next Chapter >>
1. Trotsky, HRA, volume 1, pages 309-10.
2. Trotsky, My Life, page 396.
3. Trotsky, My Life, page 397.
4. Trotsky, My Life, page 397.
5. Proletarskaia Revoliutsiia, number 2 (25) (1924), quoted in Trotsky, My Life, page 399.
6. Trotsky, My Life, page 407.
7. Trotsky, My Life, page 410.
8. Trotsky, My Life, pages 411 and 413-14.
9. Trotsky, My Life, page 415.
10. Trotsky, My Life, page 418.
11. Trotsky, My Life, page 417.
12. Trotsky, My Life, page 420.
13. Trotsky, HRA, volume 1, page xxix.
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Last updated on 31 July 2009


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The True History Of Thanksgiving
By Melina Kamaritis, Senior
Thanksgiving is a holiday that is known for unity and peace by many people who have been taught American history; however, there are always two sides to every story.
Native Americans are known to hold a very crucial part in the first Thanksgiving feast, but their story is often forgotten. According to "The Wampanoag Side of the First Thanksgiving Story," as of 1970 Native Americans refer to Americanized Thanksgiving as "National Day of Mourning" as a day of protest, it is vividly seen that there was a negative aspect to the history of thanksgiving.
An account from the Wampnoag tribe details, there was no food to feed the Native Americans during the Thanksgiving. Instead, the Chief sent men to go hunting while the Pilgrims were eating in order to bring food for them to eat. Following the feast, the indigenous tribe and the Pilgrims had mutually agreed on a treaty to protect both of them, where neither party would attack the other; however, the Pilgrims proceeded to purge the population of Native Americans.
As Thanksgiving grew to become a national holiday to honor the first harvest feast where the Pilgrims and Native Americans came together, members of the Wampnoag and other tribes became enraged and began to speak out about the hardships that their ancestors endured. Responding to this newly formed holiday, Native Americans began to regard to Thanksgiving as National Day of Mourning in remembrance of the tragic history of the relationship between the Pilgrims and the tribes.
Tirado, Michelle. "The Wampanoag Side of the First Thanksgiving Story." Indian Country Media Network. 23 Nov. 2011. 18 Nov. 2017. Web.
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In the period 28 November – 2 December, at I.E.C. Moldexpo, is conducted the Responsible Eco Ideas Fair, organized by the Energy Efficiency Agency (EEA), in the Eco Energy Moldova Week.
The event aims at supporting the most important initiatives in the production and efficient consumption of energy, implementation, development and promotion of modern technologies and innovations in the field.
State Agency on Intellectual Property participates in the Responsible Eco Ideas Fair with an information stand. Agency specialists offer information and consultations on the national intellectual property system.
At the opening event were presented the main concerns of the State in the field of energy and the National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency.
The Agenda of Events also includes: Forum "Bioenergy - 2016: Towards a local energy autonomy"; Eco-Responsible Ideas Fair; Workshop "Energy performance of buildings and support mechanisms" and Eco-Energy Moldova Gala.
On November 30, on the third day of the Eco Energy Moldova Week, was held the Responsible Eco Ideas Fair.
The event was attended by Director General of the State Agency on Intellectual Property, Octavian Apostol, who noted that, AGEPI encourages inventors in all areas, including those in the Eco Energy area, to continue work to create new products and technologies that contribute to improving living conditions and daily life of people. AGEPI supports creative people through consultancy and other available means in order that their intellectual property may be protected, added Octavian Apostol.
Thus, participants who have submitted applications to the nomination Responsible Eco Ideas and passed the stages of selection, presented their project ideas to potential sponsors, at the same time in the Fair were also presented other projects in the renewable energy and energy efficiency sector that are supposed to be funded, but which did not participate in the Moldova Eco Energy Contest, edition 2016. Participants presented various projects, from constructions of natural sheep wool insulation to processing of animal waste and production of biogas.
Also, in the Eco-Responsible Ideas block, AGEPI organized a seminar on the role of intellectual property in developing a business based on modern technologies. AGEPI specialists also talked about using patent information resources in solving problems in the field of renewable energy and extending the role of using intellectual products in economic development.
Eco-Responsible Ideas Fair winners will be announced at the Eco-Energy Moldova Gala, which will be held on December 2.


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Giroud, Sanchez each score twice in Arsenal's win at Sunderland
SUNDERLAND, England (AP) — Olivier Giroud scored his first goals of the season as Arsenal beat Sunderland 4-1 on Saturday, leaving the beleaguered northeast team with only two points after 10 Premier League games.
The France forward struck twice within five minutes of being introduced as a 69th-minute substitute to kill off hopes of Sunderland's fightback after Jermain Defoe's penalty had canceled out Alexis Sanchez's first-half opener for Arsenal.
The Gunners have now gone 14 games unbeaten in all competitions since the opening day of the season.
Sunderland lacked both the defensive resilience and the raw pace to compete, further weakening David Moyes' hold on the Sunderland job.
Mesut Ozil had already shot tamely at goalkeeper Jordan Pickford after Sanchez's 13th-minute pass had carved a highway through the home defense.
Follow every match: Live World Cup scores
However, Sanchez put Arsenal ahead in the 19th minute when he got ahead of Lamine Kone to head home Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain's cross.
Ozil should have made it 2-0 seven minutes before halftime after running on to Oxlade-Chamberlain's ball over the top, but did not get enough on his lobbed attempt to let the advancing Pickford and his team-mates off the hook.
After the break, Oxlade-Chamberlain squandered another golden opportunity after being played in behind a square defense once again and Sanchez was astonished not to be awarded a 62nd-minute penalty after going down under Kone's challenge.
Referee Martin Atkinson, however, did point to the spot at the other end two minutes later after Duncan Watmore had got away from defender Shkodran Mustafi and been tripped by 'keeper Petr Cech, and Defoe converted from the spot.
The respite was fleeting as Giroud steered home Kieran Gibbs' 71st-minute cross to restore his side's lead and then headed home Ozil's cross five minutes later.
Sanchez converted from close range after Gibbs' shot had come back off the post to complete a miserable afternoon for Sunderland.


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Throughout the month of October, SOHO will showcase the wines and flavors the Pacific Northwest. The tour continues on flight night Wednesday, October 14. The wines and tapas introduced Wednesday will be available through Tuesday, October 20.
First, SOHO will pour a 2012 Bethel Heights Estate Chardonnay from Oregon's Willamette Valley. The wine is described, "Aromas of honeydew melon, white peach, and lemon verbena with hints of star anise, nutmeg and white pepper. The palate featues flavors of banana and lemon zest with a hint of mid-palate salinity and bright acidity that carries the wine to a long, graceful finish."
Next, SOHO will pour a 2013 Soléna "Grande Cuvée" Pinot Noir from Willamette Valley, Oregon. The winemaker says of the wine, "Deep bright red color. Strawberry raspberry jam – a powerful fruity nose with a hint of violet. The structure is round with just enough tannin to age very well."
Finally, SOHO will pour a 2013 Owen Roe "Abbots Table" from Columbia Valley, Washington. The wine is described, "Sweet aromas of baked blueberries, pomegranate, violets, pencil shaving, clove, pepper and Grand Marnier. These sweet aromas give way to a more serious palate brimming with blueberry, pomegranate, white pepper and black tea with lasting tannins.
SOHO's executive chef, Scott Warren, and sous chef, Chris Lyons, have created a tapas plate to pair with each wine.
2012 Bethel Heights Estate Chardonnay
100% Chardonnay
Paired with: Seared Trout with Vegetable Medley & Cantaloupe Syrup
2013 Soléna "Grande Cuvée" Pinot Noir
100% Pinot Noir
Paired with: Beef & Goat Cheese Meatballs, Sweet Gravy, Shaved Parmesan
2013 Owen Roe "Abbots Table"
41% Zinfandel, 34% Sangiovese, 11% Malbec, 9% Blaufrankisch, 5% Merlot
Paired with: Seared duck breast, Grand Marnier Glaze, Spiced Onions
Sample each wine in a flight (three three-ounce glasses) for $14.25. Or, pair the flight with a tapas plate for $19. Try a full glass of wine and tapas plate for $13. Of course, the wines and tapas are available individually as well ($9.50/glass and $6.50/tapas). See you soon!


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ABC News Stands by the Report Holmes' Mother Contradicts
ABC News is standing by a Friday story in which it reported that James Holmes' mother identified him as the likely culprit in the Aurora shooting, after she contradicted that report earlier on Monday.
ABC News has been very fast in its reporting of the Aurora massacre, with the Denver affiliate among the first to tweet suspect James Holmes' booking photo on Monday, but it's also opened itself up to charges of carelessness as his mother contradicted a report. An ABC News report from Friday stated that she had identified her son as the likely culprit in the shooting in an early morning phone call. "But now, Arlene Holmes is backtracking, saying her statements were taken out of context," according to Business Insider's Abby Rocher. The original ABC News story already carries a correction after Brian Ross's incorrect assertion that Holmes was a member of Colorado's Tea Party Patriots.
Lisa J. Damiani, an attorney representing Holmes' family, read a statement from Arlene Holmes that said she wasn't identifying her son when an ABC News reporter called her in the hours after the shooting first happened, she was identifying herself. The orignal report said that she "told ABC News her son was likely the alleged culprit, saying, 'you have the right person.'" But on Monday, Arlene Holmes said via Damiani that the reporter "asked if I was Arlene Holmes and if my son was James Holmes who lives in Aurora, Colorado. I answered yes, you have the right person. I was referring to myself." Later, her statement says, "I asked him to tell me why he was calling and he told me about a shooting in Aurora." And then, "he asked for a comment. I told him I could not comment because I did not know if the person he was talking about was my son, and I would need to find out."
That the follow-up conversation didn't make it into ABC News' report is crucial. If it happened the way Arlene Holmes says, then that means one of the five ABC News reporters whose bylines appear on its original story took a quote out of context. But if she really was implicating her son, or appeared to be, as ABC News' story states, then her statement would certainly be considered backtracking on a quote she'd already given. This is one of those times when a tape recorder would be an essential tool.
Update (7:07 p.m. EDT): ABC News is standing by its report of Arlene Holmes's early morning telephone comments to its producer, Matthew Mosk, whose byline appears on the Friday story. In a story covering the Monday press conference with Holmes' family's attorney, ABC's Russell Goldman reports that there is no audio recording of the first conversation, and that Damiani had contacted ABC News to find out if there was. "One hour after learning there was no audio recording, Damiani held the conference and read Arlene Holmes' statement."
Goldman reports that Mosk's notes and emails show he called at 5 a.m. Pacific time, waking Arlene Holmes up, and "informed her that a man he believed was her son had been arrested in Aurora and asked to confirm their relationship." The report documents their conversation:
"You have to tell me what happened… You have to tell me what happened," the woman on the phone said, according to Mosk. Mosk said he told her that ABC News had learned the 24-year-old had been identified by police as the lone suspect in the mass killing in Aurora, Colo and that the details of the events were still taking shape.
"You have the right person," was her response, he said. "I need to call the police. I need to fly to Colorado."
The broadcaster clarified in an email Monday that it "stands by its previous reporting," and won't issue a correction.


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Jervois to Receive Environmental Approval to Drill Gold Target in Uganda
– Jervois to receive final environmental approval from the National Environment Management Authority ("NEMA") to drill the CC copper-gold target in the Kilembe area of western Uganda.
– Initial 1,000 metres of core drilling to be completed in compliance with all COVID-19 operational workplace requirements.
– Jervois has mobilised to site and expects drilling to commence within a fortnight.
– Jervois CEO Bryce Crocker temporarily relocates to US to progress the Company's Idaho Cobalt Operations ("ICO"), with BFS due for public release in September 2020 and project financing negotiations continuing.
TheNewswire – 14 August 2020 – Jervois Mining Limited (the "Company" or "Jervois") (ASX:JRV) (TSXV:JRV) (OTC:JRVMF) is pleased to advise it is recommencing drilling activities at its Kilembe area properties in western Uganda following a hiatus during COVID-19 restrictions.
Jervois has been advised by the Government of Uganda that it shall shortly receive the signed environmental approval from NEMA to execute an initial 1,000 metres of diamond core drilling on the CC copper-gold target in the Kilembe area of western Uganda. As detailed in its 26 June 2020 ASX release, Jervois plans to test targets where it recovered high-grade copper-gold rock chip samples at surface, which were also coincidental with gold in soil anomalies. An interpreted structural feature defined from ground magnetics, which is coincident with the surface rock chip and soil samples (see ASX announcement 22 January 2020), will be tested with this drilling. Jervois was previously scheduled to drill these targets in Q1 2020, until COVID-19 field restrictions in Uganda forced demobilisation.
The drilling team has mobilised to site in western Uganda in order to commence drill pad preparations for the commencement of physical drilling, anticipated within two (2) weeks. Work crews have mobilised to the field under registered permits, and in compliance with both Ugandan and Jervois COVID-19 requirements under enhanced safety and health protocols.
The programme will be conducted utilising Jervois' in-country geological professionals and regular East African drilling contractor, whom have safely executed the Company's prior workplans in conjunction with Jervois' ongoing and modified Community Engagement programme. Jervois has implemented strict Standard Operating Procedures ("SOP's") which will be carefully followed by the field teams throughout the drilling.
Whilst COVID-19 impacts continue, Jervois is excited to be restarting activities across its global footprint in a safe and responsible manner. Jervois's Chief Executive Officer, Bryce Crocker, has relocated to the United States for the second half of 2020 to advance financing for the Idaho Cobalt Operations.
On behalf of Jervois Mining Limited,
Bryce Crocker, Chief Executive Officer
For further information, please contact:
Bryce Crocker
Chief Executive Officer
Disclosure required for TSX-V Regulations
Qualified Person's Statement
The technical content of this news release has been reviewed and approved by Dean Besserer, P.Geol., the GM Exploration for the Company and a Qualified Person as defined by National Instrument 43-101.
Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Forward-Looking Statements
This news release may contain certain "Forward-Looking Statements" within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities laws. When used in this news release, the words "anticipate", "believe", "estimate", "expect", "target, "plan", "forecast", "may", "schedule" and other similar words or expressions identify forward-looking statements or information. These forward-looking statements or information may relate to exploration work to be undertaken in Uganda, the reliability of third-party information, and certain other factors or information. Such statements represent the Company's current views with respect to future events and are necessarily based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while considered reasonable by the Company, are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, political and social risks, contingencies and uncertainties. Many factors, both known and unknown, could cause results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the results, performance or achievements that are or may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The Company does not intend, and does not assume any obligation, to update these forward-looking statements or information to reflect changes in assumptions or changes in circumstances or any other events affections such statements and information other than as required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.
Copyright (c) 2020 TheNewswire – All rights reserved.


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Living with Type 1 diabetes is complicated, especially if you're a child. Having to poke your finger, take insulin, and be aware of your blood sugar levels at all times is a lot to take on.
Luckily, people have learned that dogs are capable of being trained to alert parents when a child has low blood sugar. This has led to many people adopting them to watch after their kids.
For Luke, a young child with Type 1 diabetes, his parents knew that he was too young to recognize the symptoms of low blood sugar. That's why they decided to adopt their diabetic alert dog Jedi, and it wouldn't be long before they would be thanking themselves for doing so…
A person's blood sugar should be between 70-140. Anything below 70 is considered low and anything above 140 is high. Those who suffer from the Type 1 diabetes have pancreases that don't naturally produce insulin, so they have to take injections to keep their levels within those numbers.
When she went to check Luke's blood sugar with his continuous glucose monitoring device, it was at 100 — perfectly normal. "So I told Jedi we would watch and see, he bowed again (bowing is his low alert,) I told him to get up on the bed, he held his ground didn't budge, he refused," her post continued.
Luke's mother noted that she had an alarm set to check his blood sugar in an hour, though, that would've been too late. Because he is unable to recognize these symptoms himself, his parents have grown accustomed to checking in the middle of the night, every night.
"This is a picture of Jedi saving his boy from a potentially dangerous low. Amidst a disease that does everything in its power to make life so much harder, this is a picture of loyalty and love and perseverance. A reminder that we will not let diabetes win, that we will never give up, and that we will always fight for our children," Luke's mother wrote on Facebook.
Luckily, Jedi knew exactly what to do, otherwise, it could've been disastrous. These two have an amazing bond!
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