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9 January, 2015
Legal News & Analysis – Asia Pacific – Hong Kong – TMT
There has been much debate over the Privacy Commission's intervention into the packaging-up (or 'aggregation') of personal data in the public domain, facilitating searches by members of the public of such data. This intervention focused on the 'Do No Evil' App operated by Brilliant United Investments Limited (BUI) and resulted in the Privacy Commissioner (Commissioner) serving an enforcement notice on Glorious Destiny Investment Limited (GDI) requiring it to cease supplying personal data to BUI for the purposes of the App. In addition, the Commissioner published a Report No. R.13-9744 into the App (Report) and issued a Guidance Note on the Use of Personal Data Obtained from the Public Domain in August 2013, shortly after taking the enforcement action. The Commissioner has also published several articles in the media attempting to justify his position.
In this article, I will examine the Commissioner's reasoning behind his decisions, comment on some rather surprising omissions and make some general observations about the use of personal data which are lawfully and officially in the public domain.
This article was originally written in the early part of 2014. Readers should note that it does not consider this year's controversy in Europe about the right to be forgotten nor does it comment on the Commissioner's recently issued Best Practice Guide for Mobile App Development (which can be found at this link: http://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/resources_centre/publications/guidance/files/Mobileapp_guide_e.pdf ).
The 'Do No Evil' App
The Commissioner received 12 complaints from individuals about the App. Of these 12 complainants, four individuals were prepared to pursue their cases. Under section 38 of the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486) (PDPO), the Commissioner is obliged to investigate a complaint to see whether the act complained of is in breach of the PDPO.
In addition, one of the functions of the Commissioner under section 8 of the PDPO is to 'monitor developments in … the processing of data and information technology in order to take account of any likely adverse effects such developments may have on the privacy of individuals in relation to personal data' – so the Commissioner would have been justified in looking into technologies such as the 'Do No Evil' App, even if he had not received any formal complaints.
The App (which was initially free but had to be paid for after the first few uses) enabled subscribers to search a data base compiled by GDI from information made public by the Judiciary, the Official Receiver's Office and the Companies Registry about current court actions (both civil and criminal), bankruptcy proceedings and Hong Kong company directorships. In other words, the data were officially and lawfully public. All of the data were (and still are) available to the general public from the individual sources but the App was a convenient way of putting the data under 'one roof' and facilitating searches against particular names.
The Commissioner's principal concern seemed to be the fact that the App made searching public registers convenient. It is worth quoting the Commissioner verbatim on his concerns:
'Members of the public have to spend a lot of time and effort if they wish to retrieve all the above mentioned information of the complainants from the Judiciary, Gazettes and the ORO or the relevant websites. However, any user of the App can access the above data simply by conducting a name search of the complainants via the App. If a user only intends to search the complainant's bankruptcy data, he may additionally learn that the complainant has been prosecuted for a criminal offence if he uses the App for the search instead of going to the ORO. This is obviously an intrusion to the privacy of the complainant' 1.
It is interesting to note that the Commissioner seems to think it is a 'good thing' that it takes a lot of time and effort for members of the public to search for information which is intended to be publicly available by the authorities. Surely, it should be the other way around. If the law requires information to be public, then it should be easy and convenient to find it. Further, it is not clear why learning that someone has been prosecuted for a criminal offence when searching for bankruptcy data is 'obviously' an intrusion into that person's privacy when the fact of that criminal offence is already a matter of public record.
He went on: 'Sensitive data of the data subject is disclosed without his knowledge and consent' 2.
Yet, it is not clear that the data are disclosed without a data subject's consent. As will be seen below, the collection of the personal data by the agencies is generally not subject to any restriction on use and the data are published for the whole world to see. Further, data subjects also do not know who is searching for their data in the public registers – why it is a problem to search for the data using the App but not by searching the register direct is not explained.
In any event, the Commissioner's justified his enforcement action relying on two specific lines of argument, one based on the PDPO, namely the purposes for which personal data may be used under the PDPO as provided for in data protection principle 3 (DPP3)3, and the other based on what he termed 'the reasonable expectation of the data subjects on the further use of their publicly disclosed data' 4.
The 'Spirit Of The Courts' And DPP3
Under DPP3, personal data shall not be used for any purpose other than the purpose for which the data were to be used at the time of the collection of the data or for a directly related purpose, without the consent of the individual who is the subject of the data. Although the personal data available via the App were sourced from public registers, the Commissioner argued that these data were still subject to DPP3 and therefore their use could still be limited. Generally speaking, this would appear to be the correct approach to take.
In the Report, the Commissioner examined the purposes for which personal data held in the various Government and Court public registers could be used.
The Commissioner was forced to admit that the Rules of the High Court do not specify any purposes for which searches of writs and judgments at the Registry of the High Court can be made, and no specific purposes of use of personal data are imposed when court proceedings are initiated by or against an individual. The only requirement is a fee to access the data5. In spite of this, the Commissioner concluded that the purposes for which searches could be made must relate to: 'the spirit of the courts to ensure that court hearings are administered in an open and fair manner' 6.
It is not clear how this could amount to a restriction on use, particularly given his opinion that the purposes must include 'openness'. However, he concluded that the public: 'could only (my emphasis) use the proceeding numbers or court document filing dates as search criteria to retrieve the civil litigation information' 7.
In his opinion, GDI's practice of aggregating proceeding numbers and court filing dates with information such as individual names involved in litigation was not in line with this purpose. Without the App, members of the public would be required to search all court records to find out whether a particular individual was involved in litigation.
With respect to the Commissioner, the purposes of use he attributed to the court data have no basis in law and he cites no authority for this interpretation.
Does The Judiciary Enforce Restrictions On Use Of Data?
The App also used data from Daily Cause Lists published by the Hong Kong Judiciary – both online and physically outside the Court – that provide hearing details including time, court number, names of judges, parties and their representatives and the nature of the hearing or offence (if a criminal action). The lists are prefaced by the following note:
'Daily Cause Lists are published to provide members of the public with information on the schedule of court hearings and related matters. They also facilitate court users (including witnesses, defendants' family members, etc.) to know which court they should attend. After the relevant hearing day, such lists serve no other purpose and will not be retained. No person accessing a Daily Cause List shall use any personal data contained therein for any purpose not related to the purposes set out above.'
According to the Commissioner, making Cause List information available through the App did not conform to the restricted purposes for which information in Cause Lists can be used specified in the note. The Commissioner may be on firmer ground here. The note is clear that personal data should not be used for any other purpose. However, the Cause List information is also online and available to anyone with an internet connection and it's not clear whether, and how, the Judiciary can enforce the restriction. Indeed, I am not aware of any such action having ever been taken by the Judiciary.
The Commissioner criticised GDI for not having any means to monitor and control the use of the personal data obtained via the App notwithstanding that one of the conditions of the App's use is not to violate any law. But precisely the same criticism can be levelled at the Judiciary, and arguably there is a greater onus upon it to control the use of the data because it is the source. The Commissioner instead stated that:
'the use of personal data in the Daily Cause Lists and bankruptcy data from the ORO register is regulated by the Judiciary and the ORO respectively. Public access to the data is to a certain extent restricted to specific purposes, thus affording protection to the personal data of the data subjects from misuse' 8.
However, it would seem that none of the relevant agencies regulates the use of personal data or protects data from misuse, beyond inserting some restrictive working in user notices which are not, nor can they be, enforced.
Bankruptcy Notices – Intended To Be Widely Publicised
The Commissioner also admitted that the Bankruptcy Rules (Cap. 6A) do not state any purpose for which bankruptcy orders are published. Rule 78 of the Bankruptcy Rules states simply that: 'Where a bankruptcy order is made the Official Receiver shall forthwith send notice thereof to the Gazette and to such local newspaper or newspapers as he may think fit.'
In other words, there is no restriction on purpose. The purpose of publishing the order is to ensure that the information is as widely known as possible. The bankruptcy notices published in the Gazette make the bald statement that the relevant individuals are bankrupt and that debts due to them should be paid to the trustee in bankruptcy – there is no limitation on the purposes of use of this information. Instead, the Commissioner relies on restrictions on searches of the Official Receiver's register via its own website which state that the register is maintained for the purposes of the bankruptcy case and that searches of the register should be confined to use for these purposes. Given this restriction, the Commissioner says searches of the Gazette should be limited to the same purposes, a highly unreasonable conclusion. Unless the Gazette notice contains the same restriction as the Official Receiver's website, persons searching only the Gazette cannot reasonably be expected also to know of the Official Receiver's website restriction.
The restriction against publishing bankruptcy information is as disingenuous as the restriction in the Judiciary's Daily Cause Lists. There is no evidence that the Official Receiver has ever attempted to control the use of the personal data about bankrupt individuals and/or enforce restrictions on use. The Commissioner similarly failed to criticise the Official Receiver for this.
Companies Registry Purposes Of Use
The Commissioner also refers to the Companies Registry's Electronic Search Services (specifically their Terms and Conditions). These clearly state that data collected from online Companies Registry searches cannot be re-sold nor copies made of data from which products may be derived for resale, without the consent of the Registry. The Terms and Conditions further provide that personal data cannot be used except for the stated purposes. These purposes are based on section 305(1A) of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32) and include ascertaining (i) whether the searcher is dealing with a company or its directors/officers in matters of or connected with any act, or in the administration, of the company and (ii) the particulars of the company or its directors/ officers for the purposes of (i). It is rather difficult to understand how these purposes may apply in practice, although they are wide and appear to cover any act of the relevant company or matters connected with the company's affairs.
Indeed, it is not clear if use of the data via the App was in 'breach' of these purposes – the Commissioner did not provide any evidence in his Report. He simply said that the combination of the data from the Companies Registry with other data from the Courts was not consistent with the prescribed purposes and exceeded the reasonable expectation of the relevant individuals as to the use of their personal data.
The Commissioner also suggested – but did not make any firm finding – that there had been a breach of the provision prohibiting resale of data without consent. The App was free for the first few uses and thereafter required payment. Clearly, if a subscriber paid for a search of the Companies Registry via the App, GDI and BUI would be in breach of the Terms and Conditions.
In any event, just as with the Judiciary and the OR, there is no evidence that the Companies Registry has ever enforced its Terms and Conditions or sought to control the actual use of personal data collected from it.
A 'Reasonable Expectation Of Privacy'?
The Commissioner's other ground for taking enforcement action was that allowing App users to conduct a name search of writs and judgments 'exceeds the reasonable expectation of litigants on the use of their personal data by the court' 9.
However, the PDPO does not allow for a 'reasonable expectation' concept nor has there been any court decision in Hong Kong introducing it in relation to the PDPO. DPP3 speaks only of purposes for which data are collected and directly related purposes. Unfortunately, the Commissioner did not offer any justification for introducing the concept – he simply said, without quoting any authority that, if there was no stated purpose of use of the data, he:
'… may consider the underlying legal principles, statutory requirements and the reasonable
expectation of the data subjects on the further use of their publicly disclosed data' 10.
This is regrettable because, if the PDPO does indeed include a 'reasonable expectation of privacy', its introduction deserves to be properly legally justified.
It is possible that the Commissioner was borrowing the concept from the Australian Information Commissioner's Guidelines to Information Privacy Principles (and in particular Information Privacy Principles 10 and 11). The Commissioner may have found the reference to 'reasonable expectations' in Data Privacy Law in Hong Kong11. In this book, the authors argue that the Australian 'reasonable expectations' rule should apply where data are collected but no purpose of use is prescribed. Yet, it is difficult to see why or how this should be relevant to Hong Kong or the PDPO. The Australian Privacy Act 1988 and Principles 10 and 11 apply specifically to 'agencies' – basically, Australian public bodies and courts. Its rough equivalent, DPP3, applies to all data users in Hong Kong, not just public bodies. If the Commissioner wishes to introduce a 'reasonable expectation' concept into Hong Kong privacy law, he should, first, promulgate similar guidelines to the Australian Guidelines and, secondly, be consistent with the source and apply the concept to the various Hong Kong agencies' (the Judiciary, the Official Receiver's Office and the Companies Registry, among others) handling of personal data.
It is also possible that the Commissioner was influenced by the development of the tort of breach of confidence by English courts following the enactment of the Human Rights Act (HRA) in 1998. It is outside the scope of this article to consider breach of confidence in detail but it is worth noting a few points. First, the HRA has revolutionised English law on breach of confidence and effectively 'folded in' to the tort a right to a reasonable expectation of privacy based upon article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Other than the PDPO, there are two Hong Kong statutes that afford general privacy rights akin to those in the HRA. These are the Basic Law (Cap. 2101) which contains a right to privacy of communication (see article 30) – not quite the same as personal data privacy – and the Bill of Rights Ordinance (Cap. 383) (BORO). The BORO incorporates parts of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights into Hong Kong law and article 14 of the BORO protects against arbitrary or unlawful interference with privacy. Like article 8 of the ECHR (which binds public authorities), article 14 only binds the Hong Kong Government, not private persons. However, the courts in England felt able to extend the application of article 8 to private individuals because of section 6 of the HRA which makes it unlawful for public authorities (which include the courts) to act in a way which is incompatible with a right under the ECHR (including article 8). There is no equivalent of section 6 in the BORO so it is unclear whether the Hong Kong courts would have a legal basis for applying article 14 in private civil claims in the same way as the English courts which are bound by section 6. Even if, as some English judges have suggested13, section 6 of the HRA is not needed in order for the article 8 privacy right to apply as against private entities as well as public authorities, a claim for breach of confidence based on reasonable expectation of privacy is a common law right which has nothing to do with the PDPO.
Further, even if the concept of 'reasonable expectation of privacy' existed in Hong Kong law (which, it is submitted, is very doubtful), once personal data are lawfully and officially in the public domain, individuals can have no reasonable or realistic expectation of any restrictions on their use. The inability, not to say failure, of the Judiciary and other agencies to control use of personal data they have (lawfully) published is a stark illustration of this reality.
The Commissioner is therefore, in my view, wrong to rely on this concept as a ground for taking enforcement action against the App under the PDPO.
Data Aggregation
As has been seen, the Commissioner's main objection to the App was the fact that it aggregated a lot of personal data that had been made public by government agencies, making it very convenient to search against individual names using one convenient private source, rather than having to go to each agency to obtain the data separately. Further, it was clear that GDI was using considerable computing power in order to make the data available via the App. It is interesting to note that the PDPO already contains provisions dealing with mass processing of personal data to produce more data which may be used to take 'adverse action' against an individual. These are the 'matching procedure' provisions of the PDPO14. However, the Commissioner did not seek to rely on these provisions in justifying his enforcement notice. Indeed, he did not once mention matching procedures in the Report.
It is a shame the Commissioner did not take the trouble to consider whether GDI was conducting matching procedures as these provisions are the only ones in the PDPO which deal directly with mass processing of personal data – which is what GDI was doing. Given this omission, it is worth considering this question further.
Matching procedures can only be carried out (a) with the consent of the individual whose personal data are the subject of the procedure, (b) if the Privacy Commissioner consents, (c) if the procedure belongs to a specified class or (d) if it is required or permitted pursuant to a specified Ordinance15. Currently, no class of matching procedure or Ordinance has been so specified. There is also a relaxation of the strict rules if compliance with them would prejudice a criminal investigation16. Matching procedures are not subject to any exemptions under the PDPO. Carrying out a matching procedure in breach of the PDPO renders a person liable to a fine of HKD 10k17. It is therefore worth considering whether (i) GDI's data base or (ii) use of the App amounted to a matching procedure. For this purpose, relevant definitions from the PDPO18 are set out below in full:
matching procedure means any procedure whereby personal data collected for 1 or more purposes in respect of 10 or more data subjects is compared (except by manual means) with personal data collected for any other purpose in respect of those data subjects where the comparison –
a) is (whether in whole or in part) for the purpose of producing or verifying data that; or
b) produces or verifies data in respect of which it is reasonable to believe that it is practicable that the data,
may be used (whether immediately or at any subsequent time) for the purpose of taking adverse action against
any of those data subjects;
adverse action, in relation to an individual, means any action that may adversely affect the individual's rights, benefits, privileges, obligations or interests (including legitimate expectations).
Although GDI was collecting a large amount of personal data about more than 10 individuals from the relevant agencies and loading the data onto its data base, it only carried out a comparison procedure if it received a request via the App in relation to an individual's name. Provided it did not carry out this procedure at any one time in respect of more than 9 names, it would seem that it was not in breach of the matching procedure provisions. Comparisons of 10 or more individuals' names, though, would be likely to constitute a breach because it is quite likely that the results of the comparison procedures would be used for the purpose of taking action which may adversely affect the relevant persons' rights.
There is no evidence that either the App or GDI's data base was used to compare more than 9 persons' personal data at any one time. However, if it had been, then the Commissioner could have justified his action against GDI on the ground that it was carrying out unlawful matching procedures.
The important point to note from the above is that the PDPO already contains detailed provisions which regulate mass processing of personal data or data aggregation. It seems very clear that these provisions did not apply to the App.
Two Exemptions That Should Have Been Considered
The Commissioner referred to certain exemptions provided by the PDPO which balance the conflict between privacy rights and the public interest19 but concluded that none applied. However, he did not mention the exemptions under sections 51A or 60B of the PDPO.
Section 51A provides a blanket exemption from all data protection principles (including DPP3) in relation to personal data held by a court in the course of performing judicial functions. Section 51A does not say who can rely on the exemption and, surely, if the intention had been to limit the exemption to the use of personal data by the courts, it would have said so expressly. Further, if courts' use of personal data is unrestricted, should not that effect be transferred to any subsequent use of the same data if lawfully published? It is arguable, therefore, that this exemption can be applied to the App.
Section 60B provides that personal data are exempt from DPP3 if the use of the data is (i) required or authorised by or under any enactment, or pursuant to the law or any court order or (ii) required in connection with any legal proceedings. It must also be arguable then, that as the use of the personal data in question was so required/authorised pursuant to the Rules of the High Court, the Bankruptcy Rules, the Companies Ordinance and in connection with legal proceedings, DPP3 does not apply either to the publication of the data by the relevant Government agency or to any subsequent use.
The Commissioner's omission to consider the applicability of sections 51A and 60B to these circumstances is serious and must call into question his ultimate conclusion.
Conclusions And Observations
1. The Commissioner failed to make a case that the App does not satisfy the two main legal standards that he set for it. First, the uses of the information made public that he identified were not sufficiently restricted to prevent GDI and/or BUI from also making it available to the public. Secondly, even if there is a 'reasonable expectation of privacy' under Hong Kong law, (i) it is not a right afforded by the PDPO and (ii) individuals can have no reasonable expectation that use of information made public by any of these agencies will be limited or that the relevant agencies will or can take any action to control that usage.
2. Whilst the Commissioner sanctioned GDI and BUI for failing to monitor and control the use of the personal data obtained via the App, he did not sanction the agencies for failing to do so themselves. This is arguably a worse transgression because it is the agencies which make personal data public and purport to restrict the purposes of use of the data.
- The Commissioner made much of the possibility of confusing people with similar names (in his comments in the Report about searches against the name 'Chan Tai-man'20). However, these criticisms could more meaningfully have been directed at the sources of the data. The same problems arise if a search is made of the records of the Judiciary, the OR or the Gazette.
- The Commissioner pointed out that data about court proceedings disclosed via the App may not always show the outcome of the proceedings – so, occasionally, an acquittal may not be disclosed. But direct searches of the Judiciary's records would produce exactly the same result– the Commissioner reserved his ire for the App though, not the Judiciary which was the source of the data.
- As has been seen, the Commissioner complained that individuals cannot know who has had access to their 'sensitive' personal information. Yet the information cannot sensibly be called sensitive as it has already lawfully and officially been made publicly available by Government agencies. Further, individuals also don't know who has accessed their data directly from the Government agencies.
3. A better approach would have been to accept that once personal data are lawfully placed in the public domain by any Government agencies, their use should be unrestricted. It is intellectually dishonest to argue that restrictions (to the extent that there are any) on use of personal data which have been made public by a Government agency should apply when it is very clear that the agency cannot control actual use of the data, and indeed has no intention of doing so. Having accepted this reality, the Commissioner should have considered whether other provisions of the PDPO applied to the App. (The Commissioner did make a start at this in his Report when he considered data protection principle 1(2) relating to the fairness and lawfulness of collecting the data from the agencies21. He concluded that collection by GDI was lawful and fair. Regrettably, he stopped there and did not consider whether the App breached any other data protection principles other than DPP3 or whether processing the data for publication via the App amounted to a matching procedure.) In my view, he could have set the following tests for the App, all based on the PDPO's data protection principles:
a) Does GDI ensure that the personal data on its data base are accurate and, if inaccurate, does it erase the data? Does GDI ensure that personal data are not kept longer than necessary? These requirements of data protection principle 2 (DPP2) are relevant to GDI's treatment of personal data.
The Commissioner referred to the Rehabilitation of Offenders Ordinance (Cap. 297)22 which provides that an offender sentenced to imprisonment for less than 3 months or to a fine of less than HKD 10k will be deemed not to have been convicted after three years have elapsed without another conviction. DPP2 would therefore require GDI to ensure that information about offenders who are not re-convicted within three years is removed from its data base.
The Commissioner would have been well within his rights to enforce compliance with DPP2, but he did not even mention it.
b) Did BUI advise App subscribers of the purposes for which search results could be used to ensure that these purposes mirrored the agencies' purposes? The Commissioner could have directed BUI to ensure that the purposes for which the data could be used were the same as any agencies' purposes.
c) Does GDI protect its data base against unauthorised access under data protection principle 4?
d) Does GDI allow individuals to ascertain whether it holds their personal data and that they can have access to the data and to correct them under data protection principle 6?
Access To Data: The Haves And Have Nots
There are several companies providing services in Hong Kong whose business involves aggregating public information and making it conveniently available, just as GDI and BUI were doing. These companies' services are used by banks, other financial institutions, law firms and accountants to conduct due diligence into individuals and companies. Their services have become essential for legally required anti-money laundering checks and for performing standard due diligence exercises and credit checks.
- Does the Commissioner's ruling against GDI and the App mean that these other companies cannot now aggregate public personal data as they have been doing for many years?
- If not, is it fair that financial institutions and businesses can have access to aggregated public personal data but the 'man in the street' not? The App is initially available free but is otherwise inexpensive. Is there an element of discrimination in the Commissioner's ruling? It could be interpreted as saying that businesses can have access to these data, but not the common man.
With respect to the Commissioner, he did not make out a satisfactory case that the service provided by the App either (1) was an infringement of personal privacy or (2) contravened the law.
If there is a public concern that use of personal data lawfully made public by Government agencies should be restricted or otherwise controlled, then the Commissioner should lobby for appropriate legislation which expressly addresses the point. The current law in Hong Kong does not attempt to protect such data (except perhaps in relation to company directors and information obtained from the Companies Registry).
The Commissioner should reconsider his position. Whilst I have no doubt that he reached his conclusions with the best of intentions, they may have far reaching and unintended consequences, including for Hong Kong's position as a business and financial centre, its culture of laissez-faire and its reputation for producing innovative services. Personal data lawfully put into the public domain by public bodies and agencies should be treated as public and freely available and the Commissioner should focus his attentions on more egregious abuses of personal data privacy
End Notes:
1 para 39, 18 of the Report
2 para 40, 18 of the Report
3 paras 51 and 52, 22 of the Report
4 para 53, 23 of the Report
5 Order 63, Rule 4(1), Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A)
6 para 60, 24 of the Report
7 ibid
8 para 41, 19 of the Report
9 para 57, 24 of the Report
10 para 53, 23 of the Report
11 Mark Berthold and Professor Raymond Wacks, FT Law and Tax, 1997
12 ibid [127]
13 eg Campbell v MGN Ltd [2004] UKHL 22 [18] (Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead)
14 ss 30 – 32
15 s 30(1)
16 s 31(6)
17 s 64A
18 s 2(1)19para 80, 31 of the Report
20 paras 18 and 43-44, 7, 20 of the Report
21 para 34, 17 of the Report
22 paras 47 – 48, 21 of the Report
For further information, please contact:
Simon Deane, Partner, Deacons
Homegrown TMT Law Firms in Hong Kong


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Berry Patch Farms
Today we enjoyed a lovely family field trip to Berry Patch farms. The children had a blast playing on the playground and visiting the animals before it was time for our tractor ride.
Soon, it was time to get on the hayride. We went on a longer trip than we had before and went over a bridge or two and several muddy puddles, which were exciting for the children!
Once we arrived at the pumpkin patch, the children loved making their way through the field, picking up a small pumpkin or squash to take home and spotting some crickets and ladybugs as they went.
After our little hike, we made it through some cotton plants to the pumpkin patch where we had fun frolicking among some large pumpkins and posing for pumpkin pictures.
Before we knew it, our hayride returned to pick us up to bring us back to get some apple cider.
A wonderful time was had by all. Happy Fall Ya'll!
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0.86 mile away
15 Eagle Wing Way
- Five Star Coffee Roasters LLC
2.16 miles away
4901 Topstone Rd
- Jessica's Handmade Donuts
2.29 miles away
1863 Aversboro Rd
- Starbucks
- Walmart Supercenter
0.86 mile away
5141 North Carolina Highway 42 W
- Shoe Show
0.86 mile away
5121 North Carolina Highway 42 W
- Walmart Vision & Glasses
0.86 mile away
5141 N Carolina Highway 42
- Rue21
0.86 mile away
5121 North Carolina Highway 42 W
- 104 Clothing & Boutique Boutique
0.86 mile away
5638 N Carolina Highway 42
- Walmart Supercenter
Bars & Nightlife
- New White Oak Enterprise
1.78 miles away
7901 White Oak Rd
- TGI Friday's
2.59 miles away
1100 Timber Dr E
- Chili's
2.79 miles away
115 Carillon Dr
- Buffalo Wild Wings
2.86 miles away
148 Shenstone Ln
- Good Times Arcade & Tavern
3.72 miles away
74 Son Lan Pkwy
- New White Oak Enterprise
Please note this information may vary. If you come across anything inaccurate, please contact us
Builder Details
Mattamy Homes
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Wanaka Town Map
Street map of town of Wanaka
0 miles away
Wakana Town Map
Street map of Wanaka
less than 1 mile away
Queenstown Map
Street map of Queenstown
33 miles away
South Island Map
Map of South Island with cities detailed
69 miles away
Otago Central Map
Otago map with detail of regional towns, rail station stops, and highways
82 miles away
Oamaru Tourist Map
Tourist map of Oamaru, New Zealand. Has street index and shows points of interest.
94 miles away
Fiordland Map
Map of Fiorland National Park region
95 miles away
Nelson Topo Map
Shaded relief topo map of Nelson, New Zealand
316 miles away
Nelson/Marlborough Map
Map of Nelson/Marlborough region with detail of towns and surrounding islands
316 miles away
North Island Map
Map of North Island with cities detailed
578 miles away
Murupara Map
Map of Murupara with detail of camping locations
583 miles away
Auckland City Map
Regional map of Auckland city
617 miles away
Whakatane District Map
Tourist map of Whakatane region
618 miles away
Kauri Coast Map
Map of Kauri Coast region
643 miles away
Whitianga Map
Street map of town center
643 miles away
Great Barrier Island Map
674 miles away
Hokianga Map
Map of Hokianga region, with detail of major towns
680 miles away
Northland Map
Map of Northland / Bay of Islands New Zealand
686 miles away
Northland Map
Regional map of Northland, including highway detail
686 miles away
Benalla Bus Lines Map
Bus timetable and route map for town of Benalla
1333 miles away
Central Victoria Rail Map
Map of rail system throughout Central Victoria region
1350 miles away
Victoria Map
Map of Victoria region with detail of districts
1360 miles away


text:
Never Too Old For Love Conclusion
Ms. Williamson is a published author and educator with a Bachelor of Business, Master of Public Administration, and Master of Science!
That next morning, Paul comes promptly at 9:30 a.m.
"Hi Chelsea," Paul is sporting a huge grin.
"Paul, come in," Chelsea smiles back. Paul touches her briefly on her shoulder and Chelsea leads him to the office.
"I like your office," he replies.
It is tastefully done in the Christopher Lowell Shore Business Collection. The collection combines an antiqued whitewash finish and American cherry accents to create a relaxing, beach house atmosphere.
"Thanks," Chelsea says and hands him Fifth Dimension's Business Plan.
Paul sits at the desk which has the same whitewash finish and never utters a word until after he reads and reviews the entire plan. Then, he finally speaks.
"I am funding your company, Chelsea." he says smiling.
"You, you, you ......!" Chelsea can't get the words out. She sits down in the chair designated for clients unable to comprehend quite what is happening.
"Did you have someone in mind for the Administrative Assistant position?" Paul asks.
"Well, my best friend Barbara .... "Chelsea starts.
"If we are going to pay her what you suggest in your business plan, we really need her to be dedicated; otherwise, I want you to advertise. Also, I want 49% not 30% of total profits. I am going to invest $250,000 into the company. I am going to get my lawyer to draw up the contract for your approval. This will be a 5-year agreement. I want to also work as the company's Advertising Executive since I've had experience in that field." Paul continues.
"You've got some top of the line furniture that makes it comfortable for your graphical work. I'd like to include a 30" monitor and a computer with a 7i processor. I still have a lot of business connections in both Montreal and Houston, so we are guaranteed some very good clients. We can also look to the Internet. There's no reason why you can't continue to conduct business directly from your home as always." Paul stops and looks at Chelsea.
"Well, what do you think?" he asks.
"I think that I have myself a partner." Chelsea says happily.
"Okay. I'm going over my aunt's house and make some phone calls. Then I'm going out of town to see my lawyer and get the money. When I get back, everything will be in writing and ready for your signature. You can then concentrate on graphic designs and of course on me. Or should I say, me and then graphic designs. I am not only investing in your future, I am investing in our future!" he finishes, "YOUR FUTURE WITH ME!"
Everything seems to be happening in fast forward. While Paul is in Houston getting contracts and in Montreal getting capital; Chelsea gives Barbara all the information on what's happening with her company and what her new "partner" requires.
Barbara is excited and wants to talk more about Paul. Chelsea gives Barbara the information on how she met Paul.
In the meantime, during the day it seems that the projects are steadily increasing. Was this a coincidence? All Chelsea knows is that once Paul came into her life things started happening. At first it was just trickles … and now avalanches of orders! Chelsea finds that she is working harder with her business than ever!
"I will not have my future partner dying on me. Hire more help, now! Haven't you realized yet that I am going to take care of you, darling," he continues softly, "It was no coincidence that we met, fell in love at first sight, and now working on a business together. God is in on this plan. You and I both have prayed for such a moment as this. It's like a scene from a well written novel, and the ending is predetermined, 'and they all lived happily ever after!" he sounds so excited.
Even Barbara starts to finally believe that prayers can be answered. The years of struggle, sadness, and pain had culminated from nightmare to day dream come true for her best friend! Her business is moving forward, her love life is skyrocketing, and Chelsea is not only creating dreams for others, she is living them for herself!
Paul travels extensively from Houston to Montreal and calls whenever possible telling Chelsea about how committed he is to the success of their business. He makes her feel that anything is possible, and that her long last search is over.
There were times when Chelsea thought that it wasn't going to happen. Then, the curse is ended, and she is allowed happiness! A miracle! Paul agrees that at one time he felt the same way.
When Paul returns, they start making double plans: a June wedding and buying their first home. Other investments are made on behalf of the business in related industries and Chelsea's business goes from a small barely making it sole propriety, to a multi-million-dollar enterprise.
Paul and Chelsea find that at any age you can live HAPPILY EVER AFTER!
Closing Comments ...
Unless you are writing a tragedy, try to end your short story in an upbeat manner. When you understand your selected audience--then you will realize that most people prefer to have situations ending this way.
As I have mentioned previously, do your research and Happy Writing!
© 2018 Jacqueline Williamson BBA MPA MS


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Plastic and health
Plastics exposure a global health crisis, says NGO report
Health implications of additives largely ignored
20 February 2019 / Chemical production & transport, Global, Microplastics, Plastics
Plastic and its impact on human health is poorly understood and presents a "global health crisis", according to a report by a group of international NGOs.
The report, Plastic and Health: The hidden cost of a plastic planet, says that health impact assessments have focused solely on the plastic components of products while ignoring the thousands of additives within the plastics and their behaviour at every stage of the plastic lifecycle.
The report labels the "current narrow approaches to assessing and addressing plastic impacts" as "inadequate and inappropriate".
"Understanding and responding to plastic risks, and making informed decisions in the face of those risks, demands a full lifecycle approach to assessing the complete scope of the impacts of plastic on human health," it says.
One of the authors, David Azoulay, director of environmental health for the Centre for International Environmental Law (Ciel), says that because supply chains and the impacts of plastic cross borders, continents and oceans, "no country can effectively protect its citizens from those impacts on its own, and no global instrument exists today to fully address the toxic lifecycle of plastics".
"Countries must seize the opportunity of current global discussions to develop a holistic response to the plastic health crisis that involves reducing the production, use and disposal of plastic worldwide," he says.
'Underestimated problem'
The report says plastics additives are an "underestimated problem". Research that has identified negative human health impacts of many plastic additives is conclusive, it adds. "There are significant risks to human health and a precautionary approach is warranted."
Chemical additives may be used in the manufacturing process to create a polymer, including initiators, catalysts and solvents, while others are used to provide functions including stabilisers, plasticisers, flame retardants, pigments and fillers. Some are used to inhibit photodegradation, increase strength, rigidity and flexibility, or to prevent microbial growth.
The report says that "most of these additives are not bound to the polymer matrix and, due to their low molecular weight, easily leach out".
Of the chemical additives, phthalate plasticisers, bisphenol A, antimicrobial agents and polybrominated flame retardants "are of particular concern", the report says.
"Once these additives have been released, including through incineration of plastic, they persist in the environment, building up in the food chain."
The report says that while the health effects of many are conclusive, those associated with inhaled chemical additives and "accumulated toxics in plastic particles" are not yet clear.
"As plastic production increases, this exposure will only grow," it warns. It is estimated that there will be a four-fold increase in plastic production by 2050.
Plastic a POP?
The report says that, while plastic is not officially recognised as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) under the Stockholm Convention, the material's "characteristics and its chemical additives and contaminants make it potentially as harmful as, and portraying similar characteristics to, officially recognised POPs".
These characteristics, the report says, include:
- the degradation of persistent plastic into micro- and nano-plastic particles, which facilitates their uptake by marine biota, indicates they accumulate in the food chain;
- some chemical additives and contaminants present in plastic polymers have endocrine disrupting properties and may be harmful at extremely low doses; and
- there is a "continuous flow of 'fresh' plastic waste", marking a significant persistence in the marine ecosystem.
The report adds that Echa's recent restriction proposal for intentionally added microplastics "supports a POPs classification".
Echa's proposal says the persistence and the potential for adverse effects or bioaccumulation of microplastics is a "cause for concern".
"Once released, they can be extremely persistent in the environment, lasting thousands of years and practically impossible to remove," the proposal adds.


text:
Baltimore Orioles number-four prospect Zach Davies got the call yesterday for his first Grapefruit League start with the big club. Davies took the hill against the Tampa Bay Rays, and lasted 3.1 innings before being relieved in the bottom of the fourth with two runners on base. Davies struck out four and walked two while allowing five hits. His most glaring mistake was allowing a solo home run to Evan Longoria to open the fourth.
This was Davies' second appearance with the Orioles this spring, but the nerves were present nonetheless. "I enjoyed it," Davies said. "There was a little bit of nerves at first, kind of what to expect, but made sure that I didn't get too nervous out there and made sure it didn't affect me while I was on the mound."
The Orioles are closing out Spring Training by taking an extra look at some of their top minor league arms. Tyler Wilson is another name to watch that was given a chance to start last Saturday against the Yankees. Davies does not cut an imposing figure on the mound. He is listed as a generous 6'0″ and 150 pounds, but in his first three professional seasons, the former 26th-round pick has found a way to get results.
Davies spent the entire 2014 season with the Double-A Bowie Bay Sox and went 10-7 with a 3.35 ERA. He struck out 109 batters in 110.0 innings and walked only 32. Davies is a finesse pitcher who must move his fastball around the strike zone. He also shows an ability to sink the ball. He has good command of his curveball and changeup, and his changeup is one of the best in the minor leagues. Davies march to the big leagues should take the next logical step this year, with a full season at Triple-A Norfolk.
Davies has the potential to contribute to the Orioles rotation as a back-end starter should the Orioles fail to resign Bud Norris and Wei-Yin Chen this offseason. Davies may also be the first arm called upon should the Orioles need a spot starter or injury replacement. However, with the likes of Kevin Gausman, Dylan Bundy, and Hunter Harvey ahead of him in the pecking order, the Orioles may be able to generate more value out of Davies as a trading chip. Regardless, Davies acquitted himself well in his start yesterday, and the Orioles should pat themselves on the back for unearthing this potential diamond in the rough in the 26th round of the 2011 Draft.


text:
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|Item #
Purchase all the items in the cart at one time
The beautiful curves are beautiful. Storage that takes up little space
Cosine collection that utilizes the fine texture of walnut wood. It is a coat stand with a sharp impression that it supports a bar carved out like a bow from the top. The bar is firmly supported by the finger joint process that can maintain high strength. Since it can be installed close to the corner of the room or near the wall, you can hang clothes in a small space. With a slim size of 185 cm, you can easily hang a long coat. Clothing can be hung neatly along the bow-shaped bar, so it's a beautiful stand. Since it uses granite at the feet, it has a solid weight feeling. The entrance is the first space that customers can see. Would you like to greet your customers with an elegant and high-quality coat stand? Ideal for executive spaces and store spaces.
Do not handle roughly. It may reduce safety. Do not put an excessive heavy object that may cause damage. As it is dangerous, do not use it for any purpose other than its intended purpose.
|[Product specifications]
|Item Number
|Product name
|lepore coat stand
| Walnut/urethane coating
Base: Granite (about 10 kg)
|Width 50 x depth 30 x height 185.5 cm
|About 11kg
|Load capacity
|12 kg (one side 6 kg x 2)
|instruction manual
An oil based on natural vegetable oils that maintains the texture of wood. Maintenance can be easily done by overcoating with oil. Do not hang wet items directly as it may cause stains. If it gets wet, wipe it off immediately. If you squeeze it well, you can wipe it with water.
The film is made on the surface of the wood, so it is a paint that does not easily get scratches or stains. For normal maintenance, just wipe the dust off. When it is extremely dirty, clean it with a cloth dampened with diluted soap and water, wipe off the detergent with a well wrung cloth, then wipe with a soft cloth.
cosine collection
Beautiful wood tools
Trees that grow over many years become a tool for living over many years.
Tree life tools are something that you will find more and more attached to as you spend your life together.
Across generations,
A rich and familiar item.
The masterpiece of craftsmanship, a masterpiece that is highly moldable
Asahikawa, Hokkaido, which has abundant wood resources, is a place where traditional woodworking craftsmanship lives.
We are striving every day to make use of trees and techniques to create beautiful life tools that can be used for a long time.
The cosine collection, which makes use of the high quality of walnut wood, is a tool with a high degree of formability made with a master craftsman, who is the master of the techniques that designers and craftsmen work on.
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text:
Utah's Mormon settlers brought with them a tradition of newspaper publishing. The first periodical for church members, the monthly Evening and the Morning Star, appeared in Independence, Missouri, only seventeen months after the official organization of the Mormon Church, and other publications followed wherever members located. Utah was no exception. A 1984 checklist lists more than 900 newspapers published in Utah to that date, ten of them in foreign languages and two in Braille.
Brigham Young began efforts to secure a printing press and type even before he reached the Salt Lake Valley in 1847. Equipment arrived in 1849, and editor Willard Richards, not coincidentally a counselor to Brigham Young, produced the first number of the weekly Deseret News, Utah's first newspaper, on 15 June 1850. The News also distributed the state's first daily paper, The Pony Dispatch, a single sheet inaugurated with the coming of the Pony Express in 1862.
Editors of the territory's second paper, which appeared in 1858, intended it to serve Utah's non-Mormon minority, particularly the soldiers at Camp Floyd. Kirk Anderson's Valley Tan, a weekly, took its name from a term applied first to leather made in the territory, and later to any item of home manufacture, including moonshine liquor. Less than a year later, Mormons founded The Mountaineer, a weekly claiming to be independent but devoting much space to answering the jibes of the Valley Tan.
Thus, journalistic battle lines between Utah's Mormons and non-Mormons were drawn early. Disaffected Mormons joined the fray, criticizing some church practices and policies but defending others. The Union Vedette, published weekly, then daily, at Camp Douglas from 1864 to 1867, succeeded the Valley Tan. The Utah Magazine, started as a monthly in 1868 by dissident Mormons, metamorphosed into the weekly Mormon Tribune in 1870 and then the Salt Lake Tribune in 1871. The Salt Lake Daily Herald caught the slings of the Tribune and fired back, enabling the Deseret News to maintain a general position of lofty non-involvement.
The Daily Salt Lake Democrat assailed the Tribune for Republicanism, the Deseret News for Mormonism, and, according to the Tribune, advised that "the Herald editor should be taken out on the desert and kicked to death by a band of wild asses." This invective was typical of the times. Although not all editors made name-calling their stock in trade, most had political preferences, and their opinions often embellished news reports as well as editorials.
The Utah papers were representative of American frontier journalism in other ways, as well. While an enterprising printer might start a paper with a relatively small capital investment, keeping it going in the face of isolation and competition proved more challenging. Publishers constantly pleaded with subscribers to pay their bills and often had to accept payment in produce or services. Most papers had brief lives, even when their owners operated related businesses like job printing plants or shops selling books and office supplies to subsidize them. Small staffs, sometimes consisting of only one or two persons, led to a reliance on exchange publications, from which editors borrowed large numbers of items. Or they might use preprinted pages supplied by syndicates for the inside or outside of their normal four-page publications.
Editors' unabashed allegiance to parties or factions and the resultant battles in print occasionally led to physical violence, in Utah as elsewhere. Ogden provides examples. Legh Freeman, who had come to Utah with the railroad after publishing papers at railhead towns from Nebraska to Wyoming, founded the Ogden Freeman in 1875 and immediately began making enemies. A fight with postmaster Neal J. Sharp, whom Freeman had accused of using postal funds for a personal trip to Washington, resulted in fines for both men. Freeman called the incident "the most cowardly brutal assassination ever known on the streets of Ogden" and threatened to sue Sharp for attempted murder. The Deseret News reported in 1884 that A.R. Heyward struck Ogden Daily Herald editor Leo Haefeli in the face after an item in that paper referred to Heyward as "Heydude." Charles Hemenway, also of the Herald, wrote his memoirs in 1886 while serving a jail sentence for libel, claiming that his enemies attempted to assault him both at his place of residence and on the public highways.
Ogden, while it became a population center with the building of the railroad, did not produce Utah's first paper outside Salt Lake City. That honor went to Spring Lake Villa, a small Utah County community near Spanish Fork, where Joseph E. Johnson, who later published several horticultural periodicals in Washington County, started Farms Oracle in 1863. It survived for about eighteen months.
Other special-interest publications, like Keep-A-Pitchinin, published in Salt Lake City from 1867 to 1871 and devoted to "cents, sense, scents, and nonsense," and another Salt Lake paper, the Rocky Mountain Christian Advocate, published from 1876 to 1878 with a focus on Methodism and mining, soon came on the scene. Even handwritten papers circulated locally in limited numbers. Lula Louisa Greene Richards, the founding editor of the Woman's Exponent, started her journalistic career by recruiting young friends and relatives to help her produce the "Smithfield Sunday School Gazette," distributed in 1869 to those who would "come to Sabbath School, keep order and pay attention."
Still, the most common journalistic effort in Utah was the weekly or semi-weekly community newspaper. Some communities, like Ogden and Provo, started out with dailies, but such efforts usually proved overly ambitious. Brigham Young sent T.B.H. Stenhouse to Ogden in 1869 with the Salt Lake Telegraph and Commercial Advertiser, but Stenhouse moved back to Salt Lake after three months, and the Ogden Junction, a semi-weekly, replaced it in 1870. Provo's present Daily Herald traces its ancestry to the Provo Daily Times, which began in 1873 as a daily but soon retreated to tri-weekly and then, renamed the Utah County Advertiser, to semi-weekly publication.
Alta had the Daily Independent for a few months in 1873. Its editor, W.H. Kenner, later wrote in Heber's Wasatch Wave, "It is a great thing to run a newspaper. . . I remember having a paper up in the summits of the Wasatch range at Alta . . . and the people became so attached to it, I couldn't raise enough money to lift the attachment. It is probably there yet."
One of Utah's early women editors started the Uintah Pappoose in Vernal in 1891. Kate Jean O'Melia Blake moved there as matron of the Indian school at Whiterocks in 1885, met and married Amos Quincy Boan, bought a mail order press for $300 and began publication, expressing the hope that the Pappoose would grow up to be a "heap big chief me." A year later, bachelor James Barker bought the paper and, objecting to jokes about his papoose, renamed it the Vernal Express, the name it still carries.
The distinction between newspapers and magazines was less clear cut in the nineteenth century than it is today. The content and appearance of both could be similar. E. W. Tullidge in his History of Salt Lake City claimed the title of Utah's first magazine for Peep O'Day, a literary paper he and E.L.T. Harrison edited for the Twentieth Ward in 1864. He attributed its demise to paper shortages.
Other magazines followed, often commenting on current events as well as publishing literary efforts and articles on science and art. Tullidge helped found the Utah Magazine, predecessor of the Salt Lake Tribune, in 1868 and the Western Galaxy in 1888. The Woman's Exponent, begun in 1872, evolved into the Relief Society Magazine, one of several magazines published by the Mormon Church. Magazines often addressed specialized audiences, as titles like Utah Farmer, Baptist Mountaineer, and Utah Oddfellow indicate.
Publishers of contemporary Utah magazines also most often aimed them at specialized interests. Salt Lake City had Roots Digest for genealogists, the Salt Lake Times with legal information, and Utah Cattleman, among others. The monthly Utah Holiday started out in 1971 as a guide to leisure activities for visitors and residents but soon began to run in-depth interpretive and investigative articles. Partners Publishing inaugurated Salt Lake City in 1989 as a slick bi-monthly patterned after city magazines in larger metropolitan areas. St. George Magazine treated people and places of southern Utah. This People served as a lifestyle magazine for Mormons.
Utah's broadcast media also played an important part in Utah's journalism history. The nation's infant radio industry burgeoned during the 1920s, and commercial radio came to Utah in 1922 when the Deseret News received a license from the U.S. Department of Commerce to operate a 500-watt station with the call letters KZN. H.C. "Flash" Wilson built a one-room studio atop the News building and began broadcasting news, sports, weather, and music. Earl J. Glade, later a Salt Lake City mayor, came to the station as a young man, changed its call letters to KSL and, with his wife and one engineer, began to mold it into a major station.
Only four days after KZN began broadcasting, the Salt Lake Telegram's station went on the air from a Salt Lake City house, with opera, news, and bedtime stories. Starting as KDL, it became KDYL and went on to success under the direction of Sidney Fox.
By 1950, eighteen commercial radio stations were operating in Utah, all but three affiliated with national or regional networks. News and public affairs programming played a major role on most of them. When television arrived, it took over radio's traditional content, and radio turned to specialized music and talk formats. The opening of the FM band made possible the proliferation of independent stations playing music aimed at narrowly defined audiences. Broadcasting and Cable Market Place for 1992 listed 90 AM and FM radio stations in Utah, including fifteen non-commercial stations affiliated in most cases with school districts. Few stations maintained their own news staffs.
By 1992 Utah had eleven television stations, three of them educational. Cable systems blanketed the state, and owners of backyard satellite dishes picked up additional channels. KSL, a pioneer in teletext, offered many pages of text each day; it could be received on computers as well as on television sets. However, news staffs that had grown at Salt Lake's major stations during the 1970s were cut back as the 1990s approached, and local documentary and magazine-type programming faced an uncertain future. Broadcast journalism should continue, but perhaps in a more limited form.
Thus, as Utah's journalistic institutions moved through the twentieth century, they reflected national trends. Daily newspapers perished or consolidated, and both dailies and weeklies affiliated with publishing groups. While Salt Lake dailies remained in private ownership, others did not. Provo's Daily Herald joined the Scripps League, a group of forty-eight papers, and Logan's Herald-Journal became part of the Pioneer Newspapers Group, a smaller chain, and Sandusky Newspapers of Ohio bought Ogden's Standard Examiner. The Daily Spectrum of St. George, Utah's first new daily in seventy years, belonged to the Thomson Newspapers Group, along with 166 other dailies. Many of the state's weeklies also belonged to groups. Others handled printing or distribution jointly, as did Salt Lake's dailies under a joint operating agreement in effect since 1952.
Both print and broadcast media relied extensively on computerized systems that reinforced audience perceptions of their distance and impersonality. Newspapers attempted to combat this by instituting open-forum columns or commentary by media critics, or by sponsorship of community events such as sports competitions. Radio stations offered call-in shows. Television news directors looked for newscast anchors who projected warmth and involvement. All catered to the American appetite for quick news, colorful and easily digested.
Also, all faced intense competition for audience and advertisers. The proliferation of broadcast choices lessened the number of listeners or viewers for each. Mailed advertising packages, throwaway shopping guides, and free weeklies promising total market coverage threatened daily and weekly newspapers. Journalism competed with an increasing array of other options for Americans' leisure time.
Still, the best of Utah's contemporary journalists worked successfully toward the same ends envisioned by their predecessors since 1850--to inform and entertain, to exert a civilizing influence, to speak as the conscience of the community, and to raise the level of local culture.
Disclaimer: Information on this site was converted from a hard cover book published by University of Utah Press in 1994. Any errors should be directed towards the University of Utah Press.


text:
I see the video of students running to embrace their parents after the Columbine shooting. I hear the 9-1-1 calls from Aurora Colorado. I fear for my child's safety following Newtown Connecticut. The images of these tragedies continue to raise serious questions in my mind, what is wrong with our society? Where does this violence come from? And what can be done to protect my children?
In the months following the Newtown Connecticut shooting my questions have been societies questions. The issues have been discussed on news shows, experts have weighed in and there are all sorts of opinions. Recently however the discussion seems to have focused on gun control. Who can own them? How many rounds should they hold? What is the difference between hunting and military style weapons? And should there be a national gun registry?
I am afraid that these discussions about gun control miss the more important point. If we are seeking to answer the questions, "what is wrong with society?" "Where does this violence come from?" and "How can we protect our children?" then we must instead be talking about self-control. We have become a nation of self-indulgence. The Centers for Disease Control reports that over 1/3 of American adults are obese. The collapse of the U.S. housing market revealed a pattern of gross overspending and irresponsible lending. In my work as a school counselor I see many parents indulging their child's every desire while expecting very little responsibility. We are surrounded by technologies designed to make life quick and convenient while avoiding the arduous and difficult.
Our children are told that happiness comes from living in the moment, following their heart, and being themself. Yet according to the U.S. census bureau between 1990 and 2009 for every 6.8 marriages there were 3.4 divorces. The emphasis placed on self-indulgence does not seem to create successful relationships. What if this over indulgence of self actually makes it easier to discard important relationships? What about the influence celebrity? In 2012 Americans spent $1.37 billion on movie tickets. Many look to these movie stars as well as athletes as role models for success. However, based on the number of front-page mug shots and court appearances even these cultural figures struggle with self-control. I am very concerned that my children are growing up in a nation that views impulsivity, selfishness, and self-aggrandizement as virtues rather than vices.
Why are we surprised when a product of this culture does exactly what he was taught to do? He follows his angry heart, disregards the value of others, and impulsively, irrationally, and selfishly murders innocent people? The real solution for the gun control problem is a radical shift in our national values. Self-control must not be viewed as an attempt to limit individual freedoms. Instead, it must be viewed as the ability to choose what is best rather than what is immediate.
Self-control provides a person the power to direct ones life. I have encountered many students who do not know this. They seem to believe that self-control is a position of weakness rather than strength. They are convinced that limiting themselves will result in limited freedom. What they don't realize is that controlling ones self is the ultimate in freedom. The ability to control our impulses, emotions, and desires may be the most difficult task of life. However, as we learn to harness these inner experiences we are set free from the ups and downs of inner volatility. We realize that others have absolutely no control over our inner world and thus no control of us. "I am the only one who can control me." What a great freedom and responsibility. The freedom provides the path to make life what I want it to be. The responsibility requires that if life is not what I want it to be, I have no one to blame but myself. Man Life is tough!
My guess is that those who perpetrate mass shootings never learned the lesson of self-control. They never realized that they were ultimately in control of their thoughts, emotions, fantasies, and actions. I would guess they felt a sense of their life being out of control. I imagine they felt provoked to commit these crimes and saw no other escape from their prison of anger, hurt, and loneliness. My hope is that as we shift from a culture of self-indulgence to self-control that the would-be murderers will regain the power to direct their life. I hope they will find freedom in valuing others, connecting in relationships, and living in reality. That is the best gun control only an individual can create.
This post originally appeared on The Good Men Project


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Drive along the 20-mile stretch of US Route 4 between Lee and Epsom in New Hampshire, and you'll probably notice the hundreds of houses and storefronts with stuff lying around out front. Whether you see all the stuff as junk or treasures depends on your opinion of antiquing. This two-lane stretch of road is known as Antique Alley and is home to more than 500 dealers specializing in early American antiques. Everything from stoneware and painted furniture to architectural salvage and old butter churns and quilts can be found for the antique hunter willing to take the time to explore.
Antique shop in New Hampshire — Photo courtesy of rickpilot_2000
The history of Antique Alley dates back to 1976 when Summer and Murial Parker decided to open up a small shop selling moccasins and ice cream to travelers passing along Route 4. When the couple added a few pieces of antique furniture to their shop, they realized they'd struck gold. Other shops soon followed. The new owners of that first shop, now named Parker-French (where Martha Stewart has been known to shop), along with many of the area vendors, abide by the motto, "no reproductions and no crafts." That means the hidden gems you'll stubble upon while shopping Antique Alley are likely the real thing - with a price tag to match.
One person's trash is another's treasure. — Photo courtesy of rickpilot_2000
Antiquing along Route 4 is a stop-and-go affair, so be prepared to hop in and out of your car. Bring cash and be prepared to bargain a little to land the best deals, and while shopping around for the best price is always a good idea, don't hesitate to ask a shop to reserve something you can't live without until the end of the day. Don't forget to come back for it though.
If you're pressed for time and can only visit a few shops, here are your best bets:
Town Pump Antiques- Walking into Town Pump feels like you're stepping back in time into an upscale Victorian home, and this is the place to go for fine furniture, lighting fixtures, clocks and rugs.
Parker-French Antique Center- It's hard to beat the original. Parker-French and the newer Parker-French West collectively house nearly 300 vendors selling almost anything your heart could desire.
Lee Circle Antiques- Another multi-dealer shop, Lee Circle Antiques has a little bit of everything at every price point.
RS Butler's Trading Company- A family-owned local favorite, RS Butler's is housed in a two-story barn attached to a beautiful Victorian house. They specialize in antique furniture and accessories.
The Betty House- This four-building complex keeps quite the collection of antique tools and eclectic household gadgets and gizmos.
To really get the most out of your Antique Alley adventure, plan on making it a weekend. While accommodation is limited along the stretch of antique shops, you can easily find a cozy room in Portsmouth, about 20 minutes away from Antique Alley.


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Atlanta Exes Season 1 Episode 3
Air Date:
Sheree meets with her best friend, Monica, on this episode of Atlanta Exes. She wants to learn what Tameka has been saying behind her back.
Elsewhere, Christina attempts to smooth things over for the women; and, as you'd expect, insults fly during a lunch meeting.
- Show:
- Atlanta Exes
- Season:
- Atlanta Exes Season 1
- Episode Number:
- 3
Show Comments


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Published: 30 September 2011
Size: 54,000 words
Genre: Young Adult/Light Romance
Pinky's Rating (out of 5): 5 dragonflies
Another wonderful heartfelt story by Marie Fostino.
The Silver Locket follows the story of Jennifer who, after her daughter Janie is late home from school, is propelled back to her own adolescence as she remembers her life growing up.
Jennifer and her family have to move when her dad gets a new job. As the story develops we share her pain at being torn from her friends, as well as her joy when she finally meets her first love Jacy. We stand by and watch as Jacy teaches her so many things in life, some good and some not so good, and ultimately feel her pain when her most joyous day also becomes her most painful.
You will laugh and cry as you read The Silver Locket but it will also make you think, that it could quite easily be a story that could happen to anyone of us.


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Heel Pain: Plantar Fasciitis
"You Don't have to live with foot pain. Call us today and let us help you!"
Heel pain or Plantar fasciitis is an extremely common, though not serious condition. Occasionally very frustrating to treat. It is one of the most common conditions relating to the foot. It is when the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot (the plantar fascia) becomes inflamed and irritated, making it difficult to walk. This is most often the result of repeated episodes of minor but recurring
The Plantar Fascia is a strap-like structure on the bottom of the foot that runs the length of the arch from the heel bone to the toes.
The Fascia is not very stretchable and that is where your heel problems can begin. Any movement that repeatedly puts too much stretch on the arch and plantar fascia can cause it to tear or pull away from the heel bone. In time, it becomes inflamed.
Usually, the symptoms begin very gradually, but after several weeks to months, the pain gets worse and does not go away. Generally, there is no swelling or bruising in the area. However, there is some tenderness when deep pressure is applied to the heel pad.
Anyone can have heel pain. How can you tell if you have Plantar Fasciitis (heel pain)?
If your pain fits two tell-tale signs:
- Pain concentrated in the front of the heel pad, on the bottom of the foot.
- Pain worse in the morning with your first steps out of bed, and/or pain when resuming walking after sitting down for a period of time.
If you experience both, then you probably have Plantar Fasciitis.
What Can Cause Heel Pain?
- Non-supportive shoes.
- Flat (pronated) feet.
- High arched (Cavus) rigid feet.
- A sudden increase in activity level.
- Standing on hard floors for a long period of time.
Your podiatrist will exam your foot for swelling, redness, and tenderness of the area. X-rays may be taken to rule out other diagnoses.
An X-ray may be taken to rule out other illnesses like fractures or to look for bone deformities.
Initial treatment usually involves:
Heel stretching exercises, night splints or medical-grade shoe inserts. Anti-inflammatory medications may also be given.
Most patients will see an improvement with conservative care within a few weeks. Further treatment may include steroid injections into the heel or arch area of the affected foot. In some cases, custom foot orthotics will be recommended.
In cases of chronic plantar fasciitis, it may be recommended that Extra-corporeal Shockwave Surgery (non-invasive type of surgery) be performed.
Without Treatment
Foot pain can continue, and progress into a severe condition that affects the ability to walk and perform day to day activities. Eventually, permanent damage to the plantar fascia or surrounding nerves may occur.
Heel pain is a curable condition. If you experience heel pain lasting more than a few days it is time to see a podiatrist. Dr. Hollander has treated thousands of heel pain patients and he will recommend a treatment plan that is tailored to your lifestyle and symptoms.
You do not have to live with heel pain. Let us help you return to a pain free life and resume your life. Call us at 707-578-1222 so we can help you!


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UFO hunters claim they have discovered a massive alien base on the moon nine miles wide. And while scientists say its just a crater, barmy space fanatics insist it's in fact a huge glass dome. You Tuber Tony Wilke spotted the shape in a photo of the lunar landscape ...Read More »
Home / Tag Archives: MASSIVE DOMED STRUCTURE DISCOVERED ON THE MOON


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YORK — Some teams use misdirection, some use muscle. Courtland uses both.
Tabb's Tigers discovered that Saturday afternoon at Bailey Field, falling victim to the Cougars' power and deception in a 28-7 loss in a state Division 4 football semifinal.
Courtland (12-1), the Region II champion, will play for the state title next week on its home field in Spotsylvania County against Blacksburg, which upset Salem 26-14 in Saturday's other semifinal. Tabb, the Region I titleholder, closed its season at 9-4.
"We came further than most people expected us to, but it's still sad losing now," Tabb Coach Charlie Hovis said. "They just whipped our butts."
The Cougars, with 17 players of 200 pounds or heavier on their roster - including 6-foot-3, 340-pound All-State tackle John Labossiere, gained 343 yards rushing on 54 carries behind their sleight-of-hand Wing-T offense.
"They were tricky," Tabb senior tackle Damon Burrest said. "Sometimes we didn't even know who had the ball. They would fake one way, give it the other way, and then a third man would have the ball."
The Cougars outgained the Tigers 179-22 in the second half despite losing top running back Bryan Culley to an ankle injury in the second quarter. Sophomore tailback Simeon Tucker provided all of Tabb's offense with 165 yards on 17 carries.
Injuries robbed Tabb of key defensive personnel. End Melvin Griffin did not dress because of a knee injury, and tackle Frank Bjoring and linebacker Tony Hairston left after second-half injuries.
Sophomore Calvin Graves, 168 pounds, led the Cougars' parade, rushing for 130 yards on 17 carries and scoring both second-half touchdowns. Junior Coye Hailstalk, 222, ran for 125 yards on 18 carries, including a tackle-shedding 50-yard touchdown that gave Courtland the lead to stay at 13-7 late in the first quarter.
It was an enjoyable homecoming for junior Courtland quarterback Brek Hall, who had played wide receiver for Menchville in his first two high school seasons when he lived with his mother. He moved north to his father's residence before the school year began.
Hall, 6-foot and 155 pounds, ran for one touchdown and directed an offense that converted eight of nine third-down plays in the first half and never committed a turnover.
Among family and well-wishers from Menchville after the game, Hall complimented the Cougars' offensive scheme.
"Misdirection is what did it," Hall said. "They fell down themselves, practically, by losing the ball. We were scared of their size, but they didn't know where the ball was."
Tabb defensive coordinator David Walton said brute strength was the Cougars' main asset.
"They were much stronger physically," Walton said. "We were in position most of the time, but it was just the power."
All of the first-half points were scored in a span of one minute, 31 seconds.
"In the second half, we started getting more aggressive," Courtland Coach Ken Brown said. "We had them conscious of the misdirection, and that kept them from pursuing our power stuff."
Courtland Tabb
First downs 18 9
Rushes-yards 54-343 24-143
Passing yards 11 22
Return yards 23 31
Passes 1-4-0 2-7-0
Punts 3-33 4-35
Fumbles-lost 1-0 3-1
Penalties-yards 4-30 4-18
Courtland 13 0 15 0-28 Tabb 7 0 0 0-7
Court - Hall 10 run (Fitzpatrick kick)
Tabb - Tucker 82 run (Grocki kick)
Court - Hailstalk 50 run (kick failed)
Court - Graves 7 run (Hailstalk run)
Court - Graves 45 run (Fitzpatrick kick)


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RTI Guide
Learn RTI
Encyclopedia on RTI for everyone
You will find the Guide to Online RTI.
Common Right to Information Terms This segment contains most researched topics and which are very commonly referred to at our forums. These terms are substantiated with case references and decisions of various courts. There common terms can be sited in your RTI Applications, appeals and various other forums.


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The LAP-BAND System is an adjustable gastric band designed to help you lose excess body weight, improve weight-related health conditions and enhance quality of life. It reduces the stomach capacity and restricts the amount of food that can be consumed at one time. Lap band surgery does not require stomach cutting and stapling or gastrointestinal re-routing to bypass normal digestion. Lap band surgery is the only adjustable and reversible weight-loss surgery available in the United States and the only weight-loss surgery approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).The name "LAP-BAND" comes from the surgical technique used, laparoscopic, and the name of the implanted medical device, gastric band. The LAP-BAND System is a silicone ring designed to be placed around the upper part of the stomach and filled with saline on its inner surface. This creates a new, smaller stomach pouch that can hold only a small amount of food, so the food storage area in the stomach is reduced. The band also controls the stoma (stomach outlet) between the new upper pouch and the lower part of the stomach. When the stoma is smaller, you feel full faster, while the food moves more slowly between your upper and lower stomach as it is digested. As a result, you eat less and lose weight.
The Minimally Invasive Procedure
During the procedure, surgeons usually use laparoscopic techniques (making tiny incisions rather than a large incision and inserting long-shafted instruments through "ports"), to wrap the LAP-BAND System around the patient's stomach. A narrow camera is passed through a port so the surgeon can view the operative site on a nearby video monitor. Like a wristwatch, the band is fastened around the upper stomach to create the new stomach pouch that limits and controls the amount of food you eat. The band is then locked securely in a ring around the stomach.
Since there is no stomach cutting, stapling, or gastrointestinal re-routing involved in lap band surgery, it is considered the safest, least invasive, and least traumatic of all weight-loss surgeries. The laparoscopic approach to lap band surgery also has the advantages of reduced post-operative pain, shortened hospital stay, and quicker recovery. If for any reason the LAP-BAND System needs to be removed, the stomach generally returns to its original form.
Adjustable Weight Loss
Once placed around the stomach, tubing connects the LAP-BAND to an access port fixed beneath the skin of your abdomen. This allows the surgeon to change the stoma (stomach outlet) size by adding or subtracting saline, or salt water, inside the inner balloon through the access port. This adjustment process helps determine the rate of weight loss. If the band is too loose and weight loss is inadequate, adding more saline can reduce the size of the stoma to further restrict the amount of food that can move through it. If the band is too tight, the surgeon will remove some saline to loosen the band and reduce the amount of restriction.
The diameter of the band can be modified to meet your individual needs, which can change as you lose weight. For example, pregnant patients can expand their band to accommodate a growing fetus, while patients who aren't experiencing significant weight loss can have their bands tightened.
Lap band surgery is also the only adjustable weight-loss surgery available in the United States to help maintain restriction and keep the weight off long-term.
The LAP-BAND System Advantages at a Glance
Minimal Trauma
- Least invasive surgical option
- No intestinal re-routing
- No cutting or stapling of the stomach wall or bowel
- Small incisions and minimal scarring
- Reduced patient pain, length of hospital stay and recovery period
Fewer Risks and Side Effects
- Significantly lower mortality risk compared to other weight-loss surgeries1
- Low risk of nutritional deficiencies associated with gastric bypass
- Reduced risk of hair loss
- No "dumping syndrome" related to dietary intake restrictions
- Allows individualized degree of restriction for ideal rate of weight-loss
- Adjustments performed without additional surgery
- Supports pregnancy by allowing stomach outlet size to be opened to accommodate increased nutritional needs
- Only surgical option designed to help maintain long-term weight loss
- Removable at any time
- Stomach and other anatomy are generally restored to their original forms and functions
Effective Long-Term Weight Loss
- More than 200,000 LAP-BAND Systems placed worldwide
- Standard of care for hundreds of surgeons around the world
- Academic publications with up to 10 years of follow-up
Midsouth Bariatrics and Dr Woodman have performed over 2500 Lap Band procedures for patients in and around the Memphis area, including Missouri, Mississippi, Kentucky, and eastern Tennessee. Attend one of our weight loss seminars to see if lap band surgery is right for you. Dr Woodman is the most experienced laparoscopic bariatric surgeon in the Midsouth and has taught this procedure to over 150 surgeons around the country.
1. Executive summary: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for the treatment of obesity (Update and Re-appraisal). The Australian Safety and Efficacy Register of New Interventional Procedures – Surgical (ASERNIPS) 2002; 1. (Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery, like the LAP-BAND surgery, is associated with a mean short-term mortality rate of around 0.05% compared to 0.50% for Gastric Bypass and 0.31% for Vertical Banded Gastroplasty.)
As with any surgery, there are specific risks and possible complications associated with the LAP-BAND System surgery. Talk to your doctor to determine if you are a candidate for the LAP-BAND System.


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On Sunday, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed asked ethnic groups pushing to form breakaway regions to be patient and join him in building "a great Ethiopia".
Abiy made the plea during a visit to leaders of the Kafficho ethnic group, that are seeking to create a new federal state heightening further destabilization in Ethiopia's diverse southern region.
"You think that there will be many problems in your problems, there are many interrelated and systemic issues that need to be considered.," said Abiy Ahmed, Ethiopian Prime Minister.
The southern region was rocked by violence two months ago following a similar campaign by the Sidama ethnic group.
"We have historical problems, that's why it's so much about being sensational or tribalistic," Meaza Assefa, local merchant.
Ethiopia's constitution requires the government to organise a referendum for any ethnic group that wants to form a new entity. At least 11 groups have submitted such bids in the south.


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Russian film "Uncle Sasha" to be screened at YARAT
By Naila Huseynli
YARAT Contemporary Art Center will feature a screening of Russian director Alexander Gordon's "Uncle Sasha", on September 12, at 7 pm.
Film with 92 minutes of chronometry is almost Chekhov-style story about successful film director, who is shooting his last film at his country house against all the odds. Strange guests, narcissistic actors, eccentric neighbors and the director himself offer rich ground for the author's irony, and sarcasm. The film will be shown in Russian.
Alexander Gordon is an actor, director, producer and screenwriter. From 2001 to 2003, he hosted "Gordon show" on NTV. In 2002, he made his first feature film "Shepherd of his cows" written by his father Harry Gordon. The painting won the prize of the jury of the IX Russian Film Festival "Literature and Cinema" in the category of "Best Director's Debut". In March 2004, Gordon presented his production of "The Demons" based on the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky on the stage of "School of Modern Play". Since September 2004, Gordon is hosting the "Stress" show on NTV.
Follow us on Twitter @AzerNewsAz


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The company has expanded the cross-platform capabilities of its Gamebryo Element, extending the engine and toolset for PlayStation 3 developers.
Version 2.2.2 of the engine comes with a number of improvements, including integration with Sony's PS3 SDK, cross-platform API Floodgate to support development using SPUs and an update of editing tool Scene Designer. The new version can also be integrated with the 360 DSK and Ageia's PhysX.
The new Gamebryo already has a key licensee in the form of Bethesda, which used the tool to produce the PS3 version of Elder Scrolls: Oblivion.
"Oblivion has been hailed as one of the most beautiful games ever made, and we expect it to set the same high standard on the PS3," commented Vlatko Andonov, Bethesda president. "Gamebryo provides us with a great platform for next-generation cross-platform development."
Gamebryo stablemate Emergent Elements also has a new customer – Online Alchemy has selected the full suite of tools to develop an upcoming MMO.
"There are many choices out there for game engines and other development tools. Some are too expensive and ungainly, others are too cheap and narrowly targeted. Emergent offered us a complete and flexible set of existing and upcoming tools and services that can help us develop strong MMO offerings today and also future-proof our development going forward," said Mike Sellers, CEO of Online Alchemy. "This comprehensive, long-term license demonstrates our commitment to Emergent and their vision of product growth."
Plus, emergent has bolstered its key exec and tech personnel with the hiring of C++ pioneer Stanley Lippman and EA's David Gregory and Lee Fancey.
Lippman previously worked as C++ architect for both Microsoft and Bell Labs, and worked in feature animation at DreamWorks and Walt Disney. Fancey and Gregory, meanwhile, are EA vets, having worked on Maxis games The Sims 2 and Spore and developing key internal policies at the publisher-developer regarding best practices and from source content builds. The trio will, at Emergent, be tasked with working towards solving major pipeline issues in collaboration with other in-house engineers.


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Modules in your Canvas course are an organizing tool for all types of content.
Modules give instructors the ability to arrange all content related to the course in the order in which the students will view each item, for best results. When students navigate through the pages of a module, a Next" button appears at the bottom of each page or assignment, which helps students navigate your content correctly, without getting lost.
Modules are arranged to make students' progress through the course clear and convenient. (Please note that other Canvas tools such as the Gradebook and the Assignments Tab are arranged for instructor convenience, rather than students.) The use of Modules is optional
in Canvas.
Use modules when:
- You want to present additional materials beyond the minimal use of Canvas. (Minimal use is only Syllabus and Gradebook/Assignments.)
- You are presenting new materials each week.
- You have multiple handouts, quizzes, discussions, assignments or links to important websites.
- It will benefit your students to read a variety of materials in a specific order before attempting assignments.
- The course is online. Online courses require the most thorough and complete contents, so fully developed modules are essential.
How to arrange modules
There is more than one correct way to arrange content in modules, with different repercussions.
- Choose naming conventions for content material carefully.
- In a full 16- 17 week semester, 17 modules can be created and named to help students stay on pace with course expectations, including a placeholder for Spring/Fall break (example: Week 1: Intro to Geography). Sections taught in shorter/accelerated semesters could be organized into 4, 8, or 12 weeks.
- Modules can be named/arranged to align with the chapters in your textbook. If a single module covers several weeks, you can still signal this to your students by inserting text header lines (giving the appearance of "sub-modules").
- Choose a Unit topic naming approach when your course covers 1-5 general concepts in varying numbers of weeks.
Important points to remember
- No item shows in Modules until it is placed there manually by the instructor. Please review the Canvas Guide: Add Items to Modules
- Any existing item in Canvas can be pulled into modules
- Assignments—due dates are visible to students
- Quizzes
- Pages
- Discussions
- Files—Word Docs, PowerPoints, PDFs
- External Tools/LTIs, even Publisher sites
- Depending upon your workflow preferences, new items can be made first and then added to modules.
- Alternatively, pages and assignments can be made inside the modules tab which simultaneously places those items in modules and multiple course locations at the same time.
- A "Start Here" text button can be linked from the Course homepage to the modules list view, to ensure that students navigate correctly.
- SLCC Online recommends linking to the Modules index rather than into a single page in order to train students to navigate Canvas without getting lost.
- Modules are an ideal place to display Weekly Overview Pages with additional instructions, lesson plans, and information to assist students with pace and planning.
- For additional information, please review this Canvas Guide: What are Modules for instructors?