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MCAT Physics and Math Review
Chapter 4: Fluids
The behavior of fluids impacts every moment of our lives. Even if we are nowhere near an ocean or a lake, we are quite literally submerged in a vast expanse of fluid, a mix of gases known as the atmosphere, which exerts forces on all of the surfaces of our bodies. Whenever we take a bath or submerge an object in water, we experience the effect of buoyant forces exerted by the displaced fluid. When we water our gardens, take a shower, or ride in a car with open windows, we experience the speeds, forces, and pressures of a fluid on the move. In the world of medicine, one must consider fluids, flowing and at rest, when evaluating the function of the respiratory and circulatory systems: conditions as varied as asthma and heart murmurs are related to the way in which the body causes fluids to flow. The balance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures is important for maintaining the proper balance of fluid in the peripheral tissues of the body.
Now that you have the basic concepts of hydrostatics and fluid dynamics, learn to apply them to MCAT passages and questions through your Kaplan practice materials. Don't be intimidated by the seeming complexity of buoyant force problems and applications of Bernoulli's equation. Remember that all fluids, whether liquid or gas, exert buoyant forces against objects that are placed in them as a function of the weight of the fluid displaced. Remember that incompressible fluids demonstrate an inverse relationship between their dynamic pressure (as a function of speed) and their static pressure. This chapter concludes the section of this book focusing on mechanics; in the next two chapters, we'll turn our attention to electrostatics and electricity.
Concept Summary
Characteristics of Fluids and Solids
· Fluids are substances that have the ability to flow and conform to the shape of their containers.
o Fluids can exert perpendicular forces, but cannot withstand shear forces.
o Liquids and gases are the two phases of matter that are fluids.
· Solids do not flow and they retain their shape regardless of their containers.
· Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance (fluid or solid).
· Pressure is defined as a measure of force per unit area; it is exerted by a fluid on the walls of its container and on objects placed in the fluid.
o It is a scalar quantity; its value has magnitude only, and no direction.
o The pressure exerted by a gas against the walls of its container will always be perpendicular (normal) to the container walls.
· Absolute pressure is the sum of all pressures at a certain point within a fluid; it is equal to the pressure at the surface of the fluid (usually atmospheric pressure) plus the pressure due to the fluid itself.
· Gauge pressure is the name for the difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure. In liquids, gauge pressure is caused by the weight of the liquid above the point of measurement.
· Pascal's principle states that an applied pressure to an incompressible fluid will be distributed undiminished throughout the entire volume of the fluid
· Hydraulic machines operate based on the application of Pascal's principle to generate mechanical advantage.
· Archimedes' principle governs the buoyant force. When an object is placed in a fluid, the fluid generates a buoyant force against the object that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
o The direction of the buoyant force is always opposite to the direction of gravity.
o If the maximum buoyant force is larger than the force of gravity on the object, the object will float. This will be true if the object is less dense than the fluid it is in.
o If the maximum buoyant force is smaller than the force of gravity on the object, the object will sink. This will be true if the object is more dense than the fluid it is in.
· Fluids experience cohesive forces with other molecules of the same fluid and adhesive forces with other materials; cohesive forces give rise to surface tension.
Fluid Dynamics
· Fluid dynamics is a set of principles regarding actively flowing fluids.
· Viscosity is a measurement of a fluid's internal friction. Viscous drag is a nonconservative force generated by viscosity.
· Fluids can move with either laminar flow or turbulent flow.
o The rate of laminar flow is determined by the relationships in Poiseuille's law.
o On the MCAT, incompressible fluids are assumed to have laminar flow and very low viscosity while flowing, allowing us to assume conservation of energy.
· The continuity equation is a statement of the conservation of mass as applied to fluid dynamics.
· Bernoulli's equation is an expression of conservation of energy for a flowing fluid. This equation states that the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure will be constant between any two points in a closed system.
· For a horizontal flow, there is an inverse relationship between pressure and speed, and in a closed system, there is a direct relationship between cross-sectional area and pressure exerted on the walls of the tube known as the Venturi effect.
Fluids in Physiology
· The circulatory system behaves as a closed system with nonconstant flow.
· Resistance decreases as the total cross-sectional area increases.
o Arterial circulation is primarily motivated by the heart.
o Venous circulation has three times the volume of arterial circulation and is motivated by the skeletal musculature and expansion of the heart.
· Inspiration and expiration create a pressure gradient not only for the respiratory system, but for the circulatory system as well.
· Air at the alveoli has essentially zero speed.
Answers to Concept Checks
· 4.1
1. Gauge pressure is equal to the pressure exerted by a column of fluid plus the ambient pressure above the fluid, minus atmospheric pressure. When atmospheric pressure is the only pressure above the fluid column, then gauge pressure equals the fluid pressure.
2. Weight is density times volume and acceleration due to gravity.
3. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal. Other common units include mmHg, torr, and atm.
4. True. Density is directionless, and is thus a scalar quantity.
· 4.2
1. Cohesion is the attractive force experienced by molecules of a fluid for one another. Adhesion is the attractive force experienced by molecules of a fluid for a different material (usually a solid).
2. If adhesive and cohesive forces are equal, then no meniscus would form and the liquid surface would be flat.
3. The displaced volume is equal to the volume of the block. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the block, and is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. By extension, the block and the fluid in which it is immersed must have the same density.
4. False. A fluid with a low specific gravity can be used instead of water to determine volumes of objects that would otherwise float in water.
5. The operator usually applies a force to the side with the smaller cross-sectional area. Because pressure is the same on both sides of the lift, a smaller force can be applied on the smaller surface area to generate the desired pressure.
· 4.3
1. Dynamic pressure is the pressure associated with flow, and is represented by Static pressure is the pressure associated with position; static pressure is sacrificed for dynamic pressure during flow. A pitot tube is a device that measures static pressure during flow to calculate speed. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow. Laminar flow is flow in which there are no eddies and in which streamlines roughly parallel each other. Turbulence is the presence of backflow or current eddies.
2. The continuity equation describes the relationship of flow and cross-sectional area in a tube, while Bernoulli's equation describes the relationship between height, pressure, and flow. The Venturi effect is the direct relationship between cross-sectional area and pressure, and results from the combined relationships of the Bernoulli and continuity equations.
3. Flow rate depends on the radius of the tube, pressure gradient, viscosity, and length of the tube.
· 4.4
1. The continuity equation cannot be applied to human circulation. The presence of pulses, the elasticity of the vessels, and the nature of the pressure gradient preclude this type of analysis. Poiseuille's law should instead be used for isolated segments.
2. Total resistance increases as the air exits the body despite the increase in the diameter of the airways. This is because there are fewer airways in parallel with each other.
3. In theory, there should be equal flow in the venae cavae and the main pulmonary trunk. In reality, the flow in the venae cavae is actually slightly less than in the pulmonary trunk because some of the blood entering the right side of the heart is actually from cardiac (coronary) circulation, not systemic circulation.
Equations to Remember
(4.1) Density:
(4.2) Weight of a volume of fluid: Fg = ρVg
(4.3) Specific gravity:
(4.4) Pressure:
(4.5) Absolute pressure: P = Po + ρgz
(4.6) Gauge pressure:
Pgauge = P – Patm = (Po + ρgz) – Patm
(4.7) Pascal's principle:
(4.8) Buoyant force:
Fbuoy = ρfluidVfluid displacedg = ρfluidVsubmergedg
(4.9) Poiseuille's law:
(4.10) Critical speed:
(4.11) Continuity equation: Q = ν1A1 = ν2A2
(4.12) Bernoulli's equation:
Shared Concepts
· Biology Chapter 6
o The Respiratory System
· Biology Chapter 7
o The Cardiovascular System
· Biology Chapter 8
o The Immune System
· General Chemistry Chapter 8
o The Gas Phase
· Physics and Math Chapter 2
o Work and Energy
· Physics and Math Chapter 3
o Thermodynamics


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text:
- Journalism Groups Say Broadcaster Crossed Line
- ICE Seizes Memphis Reporter as Undocumented
- U.S. to Become 'Minority White' in 2045
- Lest the Media Forget the Other Civil Rights Leaders
- Greg Moore 'Angry' Over Plight of Denver Post
- BuzzFeed Headline Led to Trump Tweet, Critic Says
- More Coverage Given Alleged Violence by Muslims
- Gaza Journalist Fatally Shot Covering Protests
- Short Takes
Journalism Groups Say Broadcaster Crossed Line
As criticism rains down on Sinclair Broadcast Group for ordering dozens of its news anchors to read a Trump-friendly script about "fake stories," some are wondering whether the nation's largest owner of television stations will face consequences beyond statements of disapproval.
"Last April, the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, Ajit Pai, led the charge for his agency to approve rules allowing television broadcasters to greatly increase the number of stations they own," as Cecilia Kang reported Feb. 15 for the New York Times.
"A few weeks later, Sinclair Broadcasting announced a blockbuster $3.9 billion deal to buy Tribune Media — a deal those new rules made possible. . . . A union of Sinclair and Tribune would create the nation's biggest television broadcaster, reaching seven out of 10 American homes. . . ."
It is not known whether the latest controversy will affect approval of the merger, but the top internal watchdog for the FCC had already opened an investigation into "whether Pai and his aides had improperly pushed for the rule changes and whether they had timed them to benefit Sinclair, according to Representative Frank Pallone of New Jersey and two congressional aides," Kang wrote.
On Friday, deans and department chairs from 13 universities sent a letter of protest to Sinclair, "condemning the company for forcing anchors at its nearly 200 stations to read a statement accusing other news outlets of publishing 'fake news,' " as Al Tompkins reported for the Poynter Institute.
"The letter, addressed to Sinclair Executive Chairman David D. Smith[,] was signed by the head of journalism schools at the University of Maryland, Syracuse University, Louisiana State University, University of Georgia, University of Mississippi, Temple University, Ohio University, University of Arizona, University of Southern California, University of California - Berkeley, University of Illinois, The George Washington University and Morgan State University. . . ."
That statement followed worried expressions from the National Press Photographers Association; SAG-AFTRA, which represents thousands of TV journalists; the National Association of Black Journalists and the National Association of Hispanic Journalists and the Radio Television Digital News Association, among others.
Separately, the Society of Professional Journalists called attention to statements by Smith, who said "he dislikes and fundamentally distrusts the print media, which he believes 'serves no real purpose,' as Olivia Nuzzi reported April 3 for New York magazine. "In emails to New York, Smith said that print — as in newspapers and magazines — is a reality-distorting tool of leftists. Print media, he said, has 'no credibility' and no relevance. . . ."Alison Bethel McKenzie (pictured left), SPJ's new executive director, told Journal-isms by email, "You say that we are very concerned about what the CEO had to say about the newspaper media. We sent an open letter to Smith and he has agreed to meet with us."
The joint NABJ-NAHJ statement, issued Wednesday, said that "NAHJ President Brandon Benavides, Executive Director Alberto B. Mendoza and NABJ President Sarah Glover spoke by phone with Sinclair President and Chief Executive Officer Christopher Riley and Senior Vice President of News Scott Livingston following the media backlash.
"The company officials said Sinclair's 'must-read' message read by anchors at its local television stations last week got lost in translation and the backlash was a 'teaching moment.' . . .
Livingston described the must-read scripts as "a message of integrity, accuracy that fit perfectly with our local brand and editorial mission," according to the statement.
Rebecca Aguilar, a broadcast and digital journalist who served on the NAHJ board for six years, told Facebook followers that she was "beyond disappointment" over the statement. "[N]othing was accomplished but the company was allowed to give their 'corporate spin.'
"Both organizations missed a good opportunity to tell Sinclair that we are journalists, and our jobs are to inform the public, NOT spew slanted, conservative points of view. We cannot worry about the money they give us to fund our conferences. We are here for the journalists first.
"If they allow Sinclair at the conferences we are only hurting our members because the organizations are purposely sending the members to a company that is unethical and [biased] and will take you to court if you dare try to leave. "Our members deserve better. . . . If Sinclair goes to the conference, I will not attend."
The NABJ-NAHJ statement said, "Sinclair will be recruiting at the NAHJ Convention in Miami and the NABJ Convention in Detroit this year." The Native American Journalists Association is partnering with NAHJ this year and will share career fair space. The standard fee for recruiting booths is $3,500, according to the NAHJ prospectus [PDF].
Benavides, NAHJ president, responded "no comment" when asked Saturday whether NAHJ would continue to allow Sinclair at the convention if its policies remain.
Sinclair Broadcast Group has committed to two booths at the NABJ career fair, Executive Director Sharon Toomer told Journal-isms. However, it has not been at the Asian American Journalists Association since 2014, Executive Director Kathy Chow said.
Bethel McKenzie said of Sinclair's presence at its conference, "No deal has been struck and the SPJ board will discuss the issue of Sinclair at its board meeting this weekend." Sinclair is a corporate member of RTDNA, which is holding its "Excellence in Journalism" convention with SPJ.
[On Tuesday, Mekahlo Medina, immediate past NAHJ president, called on the NAHJ leadership "to boycott Sinclair this year until they provide a plan with action points and clear deliverables in how they will bring their newsrooms and boardrooms up to the diverse standards of 2018: 18% Latino, 13% African American, 6% Asian and 50% female."
[Medina wrote on his Facebook page, "If NAHJ is worried about losing the $3500 sponsorship from Sinclair, I'm sure our members . . . can raise that money on our own and save the integrity of NAHJ. I'm in for $100. Who else is in?"]
DeWayne Wickham, dean of the Morgan State University School of Global Journalism and Communication and one of the signatories of the statement of concern from the journalism deans and directors, took something positive from the NABJ-NAHJ statement.
Asked whether Morgan State would continue to send students to Sinclair, Wickham replied by email, "It will depend on Sinclair's response. I am encouraged by what one of Sinclair's top executives told NABJ and NAHJ. (He called what happened 'a teachable moment.')"
Sinclair can be punitive toward its critics, as the National Press Photographers Association noted Thursday.
"Yesterday, NPPA made a statement regarding recent comments and coordinated messaging about the media made by Sinclair Broadcast Group, it announced.
"Today, less than 24 hours after we made that statement, Sinclair informed us that a promised $25,000 donation to our legal advocacy program would not be forthcoming. . . ."
If job-seekers at Saturday's Journalism Job Fair in Washington are any indication, Sinclair is still drawing applicants. "It's just like any organization," said Alvin Frank, a Washington area student standing in line to see Sinclair recruiter Kevin Olivas.
"It would have to be a conversation," said another in line who did not want to be identified, asked about Sinclair's must-read dictates to anchors.
"That didn't stop me," said Dominique Youngblood of Georgetown University. "I'm also a graduate student who needs a job." Practices like those at Sinclair "can happen anywhere."
Olivas said by email afterward, "I only had one person ask me about the story and they simply said they heard about it, but still noticed I had a long line of people waiting to talk with me about opportunities at Sinclair and Circa," Sinclair's national news site.
"I talked to 18 people, but because of time there were about three others I was not able to talk to during the job fair itself."
Natasha Bach, Fortune: Amy Schumer Jumps On the Sinclair Boycott Bandwagon
Hal Boedeker, Orlando Sentinel: Orlando man shares Sinclair saga on CNN's 'Reliable Sources'
Timothy Burke, Deadspin: How America's Largest Local TV Owner Turned Its News Anchors Into Soldiers In Trump's War On The Media (March 31)
Christi Carras, Variety: Sinclair Producer Resigns in Protest Amid Backlash Over 'Fake News' Script
Rick Christie, Palm Beach Post: Post readers react to Sinclair, WPEC 'fake news' editorial
Sydney Ember, New York Times: Sinclair's Boss Responds to Criticism: 'You Can't Be Serious!'
Paul Farhi, Washington Post: Sinclair faces fallout from viewers and Democratic candidates over 'fake news' promos
Lydia O'Connor, HuffPost: Journalism School Backlash Against Media Giant Sinclair Grows
Eli Rosenberg, Washington Post: Sinclair commentator resigns after vulgar tweet about Parkland survivor David Hogg
Brian Stelter, CNN Money: Sinclair allows critical ad to air, sandwiched between its defense
Pete Vernon, Columbia Journalism Review: Sinclair circles the wagons as former employees speak out
Armstrong Williams, Broadcasting & Cable: The Sinister Case Against Sinclair Broadcast Group
ICE Seizes Memphis Reporter as Undocumented
"Journalist Manuel Duran was arrested for doing his job: For exercising his First Amendment rights," the Tennessean in Nashville editorialized on Friday, updated Saturday.
"He now he faces deportation from the United States.
"The 42-year-old Salvadoran immigrant was live-streaming demonstrators in Memphis protesting immigration detention and enforcement policies on Tuesday when he was wrongfully detained.
"Duran's status as an undocumented immigrant complicated his release from Shelby County jail, but prosecutors eventually dropped the charges.
"Unfortunately, Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents were waiting in court to seize him.
"He will likely be booted out of what has become his home unless ICE releases him. The federal agency should free him because Duran should never have been arrested.
"It is a difficult case, exposing a broken immigration system that makes it hard for undocumented residents who want to contribute to their communities but cannot earn their legal status. . . ."
Duran has been transferred to an immigration detention center in Louisiana, his attorney said, Daniel Connolly reported Thursday for the Commercial Appeal in Memphis, updated Friday.
U.S. to Become 'Minority White' in 2045
"New census population projections confirm the importance of racial minorities as the primary demographic engine of the nation's future growth, countering an aging, slow-growing and soon to be declining white population," William H. Frey reported March 14 for the Brookings Institution.
"The new statistics project that the nation will become 'minority white' in 2045. During that year, whites will comprise 49.9 percent of the population in contrast to 24.6 percent for Hispanics, 13.1 percent for blacks, 7.8 percent for Asians, and 3.8 percent for multiracial populations.
"The shift is the result of two trends. First, between 2018 and 2060, gains will continue in the combined racial minority populations, growing by 74 percent. Second, during this time frame, the aging white population will see a modest immediate gain through 2023, and then experience a long-term decline through 2060, a consequence of more deaths than births. . . ."
Angela Chen, HuffPost: A Snapshot Of How Asian-Americans Are Changing The South (March 28)
Michael Malone, Broadcasting & Cable: Multicultural TV: Minorities Becoming Majority, Says 'Taken From the Headlines' Panel (April 3)
Lest the Media Forget the Other Civil Rights Leaders
"When you think of the Civil Rights Movement, you likely think of Martin Luther King Jr. — for good reason. The role he played was monumental — and because of that, monuments have been erected, pages in textbooks set aside and a national holiday named in his honor," Noah Hubbell wrote in 2013 for the Denver alternative newspaper Westword.
"So much attention has been given this single icon, it's easy to forget that the hard work of countless individuals, not just one man, made the fight for civil rights in the mid-century a movement. . . ."
That attention was on display last week, on the 50th anniversary of King's assassination, as tasteful and thoughtful tributes to King's accomplishments dominated the news media on April 4.
"NBC Nightly News" anchor Lester Holt, referring to King, characterized the civil rights struggle as "the movement he led."
In fact, King led one piece of the civil rights movement, but others co-existed with different approaches and had their own leaders. Collectively, they were known as the "Big Six."
One was Whitney Young Jr., leader of the National Urban League, whose niece produced a documentary in 2013 called "The Powerbroker: Whitney Young's Fight for Civil Rights" to acquaint viewers with a man who believed that jobs and business connections were the path toward civil rights. Young has been forgotten, niece Bonnie Boswell said, though the Urban League and its mission continue.
Boswell told Journal-isms by email over the weekend, "Ossie Davis said he would never tell a young person to become another Martin Luther King or Malcolm [X] (because they were too iconic) but he said he could advise them to become another Whitney Young because Whitney Young understood America was about business and we needed to have a practical approach when dealing with America. Also ordinary people could follow the path of a Whitney Young."
Hubbell also wrote, "Young worked with Lyndon Johnson very closely to develop the war on poverty and the Great Society,' says Lauren Casteel, vice president for Philanthropic Partnerships at the Denver Foundation, Young's daughter and cousin of The Powerbroker's filmmaker, Bonnie Boswell.
"Lyndon Johnson's leadership around poverty and race relations was to a large degree based upon his relationship in particular with [Young], who had a vision that was known as the Domestic Marshall Plan...based on the way that we rebuilt Germany after World War II, that there would be a rebuilding of blighted communities and people who had been ravaged by poverty and discrimination.
" 'I think it's always important in history to see as many contributions and different approaches — and I think in particular for the civil rights movement — to recognize many leaders,' says Casteel. 'Oftentimes, we will create one icon, and people don't realize, for example, that A. Philip Randolph was the one who initiated and came up with the inspiration for the [1963] March on Washington.'
"As for the Big Six, 'A. Philip Randolph brought labor,' she continues, 'Martin Luther King brought the church, John Lewis and James Farmer brought students and young people, Roy Wilkins brought legal expertise...and I think there's an inspiration for the roles that each of us can play individually as well as collectively.' . . . "
Paul Delaney, who covered parts of the civil rights movement for the New York Times, said of King by email, "he was not the beginning or end of civil rights & i'm concerned about ignoring others, as ex-civil rights reporter. . . .i think it's easier for all — media — to concentrate on one subject than try & explain roy & whitney & a philip, et al & how they fit into c.r. history."
Julian Bond, the late Georgia state representative, NAACP chair and professor of civil rights history, used to fault the way the civil rights movement is taught: "Rosa Parks sat down, Martin Luther King stood up and the white folks saved the day."
Jenice Armstrong, Philadelphia Daily News: Hearing the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speak in 1958 ignited fire in him that still burns
The Atlantic: The Atlantic's KING: Original Essays from Special Edition Released Online (March 1)
Tony Briscoe, Ese Olumhense and William Lee, Chicago Tribune: We asked for your 1968 riot stories. You responded.
Earl Caldwell, Daily News, New York: Earl Caldwell, lone reporter on scene when Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, reflects on murder of civil rights icon
Jarvis DeBerry, NOLA.com | Times-Picayune: Some of Martin Luther King's adversaries began praising him as soon as he died
Jarvis DeBerry, NOLA.com | Times-Picayune: Police shootings 50 years after Martin Luther King show we haven't overcome
Editorial, Kansas City Star: An overdue honor: KC needs to step up and rename The Paseo for Martin Luther King Jr. (April 3)
Renée Graham, Boston Globe: After Martin Luther King's death, James Brown calmed a tense Boston
Suzette Hackney, Indianapolis Star: A letter to Martin Luther King Jr.: 'Your fight remains unfinished'
Derrick Johnson, National Newspaper Publishers Association: MLK50: Fifty Years after Kerner and King, Racism Still Matters
Roy S. Johnson, al.com: Addressing poverty, MLK's final campaign, will honor him and lift us all
Maroon Tiger, Morehouse College: Special King edition: King: A Great Morehouse Man Remembered 50 Years Later (April 3)
Mary Mitchell, Chicago Sun-Times: In parts of Chicago, the aftermath of King's assassination still reverberates
Jonathan M. Pitts, Baltimore Sun: Martin Luther King Jr.'s death changed lives — and Baltimore's civil rights movement
Joy-Ann Reid, Daily Beast: The Black Lives Matter Deaths That Preceded Dr. King's
Rochelle Riley, Detroit Free Press: To honor Martin Luther King, listen to his ENTIRE dream speech
E.R. Shipp, Afro-American: The Black Press and the Baltimore '68 Riot
Times Insider, New York Times: The Lone Journalist on the Scene When King Was Shot and the Newsroom He Rallied (April 3)
Greg Moore 'Angry' Over Plight of Denver Post
"People constantly ask me how I feel about the deep cuts and layoffs that have been chipping away at The Denver Post," Gregory L. Moore, editor of the Post from 2002 to 2016, wrote Friday for the Post. It was part of an extraordinary effort by the paper's journalists to fight for the paper's survival.
"Well, I'm sad but I'm also angry," Moore continued.
"I left in March 2016 after 14 years as editor because I was done laying off journalists. At the time, I referenced a staff photograph hanging in our vestibule and said far too many folks in it were gone. Enough was enough.
"Naively, I hoped my departure might stanch the bleeding. I'm sad because it has continued, and I'm angry because I now realize The Post might not endure.
"We were a pretty good newspaper for a real long time (winning nine Pulitzer Prizes over our 125-year history). We have provided a rich variety of news, opinion and information every day. I will miss it if it is gone. We all will.
"The journalists who remain will try their best, as they always have. But there is just so much they can do with the dwindling resources they have. If the paper's demise comes to pass, there will never be another Denver Post.
"The question is whether we who care about quality journalism will let it happen. . . ."
Moore is editor in chief at Deke Digital, an "expert media" company based in Wheat Ridge, Colo.
The newspaper editorialized Friday, updating Sunday. "At The Denver Post on Monday, more than two dozen reporters, editors, photographers, videographers, page designers, digital producers and opinion staff will walk out the door. Our marching orders are to cut a full 30 by the start of July," the editorial said.
"These heartbreaking instructions raise the question: Does this cut, which follows so many in recent years that our ranks have shriveled from more than 250 to fewer than 100 today, represent the beginning of the end for the Voice of the Rocky Mountain Empire?
"The cuts, backed by our owner, the New York City hedge fund Alden Global Capital, also are a mystery, if you look at them from the point of view of those of us intent on running a serious news operation befitting the city that bears our name. Media experts locally and nationally question why our future looks so bleak, as many newspapers still enjoy double-digit profits and our management reported solid profits as recently as last year.
"We call for action. Consider this editorial and this Sunday's Perspective offerings a plea to Alden — owner of Digital First Media, one of the largest newspaper chains in the country — to rethink its business strategy across all its newspaper holdings. . . ."
BuzzFeed Headline Led to Trump Tweet, Critic Says
An "unfortunate" BuzzFeed headline about a "caravan" of migrants moving through Mexico on their way to the United States quickly morphed into a sensationalized "Fox and Friends" story that led to President Trump's alarmist tweet that the migrants were endangering the United States and must be stopped, the host of the WNYC show "On the Media" said on the program's latest installment (audio).
BuzzFeed told Journal-isms that it stood by the accuracy of its headline, "A Huge Caravan Of Central Americans Is Headed For the US, And No One in Mexico Dares to Stop Them."
"On the Media" host Brooke Gladstone of WNYC-FM in New York told Journal-isms, through spokesperson Camille Ortiz, "We have no particular problem with the reporting of the story. It's the headline we take issue with, especially the word 'dare.' As the story notes, the response to the migrants was often kind and generous.
"Others on the scene told us that the authorities could be harsh, but nowhere does Buzzfeed's reporter, or any of the other eyewitnesses we consulted suggest there was the kind of fearful response the word 'dare' implies.
"Also, the Buzzfeed report noted (confirmed to us by others on the scene) that many of the migrants planned to ask for asylum in Mexico, others in the US, and some intended to cross illegally. The headline depicts an army storming the border.
"I called it 'unfortunate' because it was sensational, a distortion used to create a narrative of fear. In crafting the headline, Buzzfeed cherry-picked and decontexualized the work of its own reporter, which, given the fine work Buzzfeed has done lately, was pretty disappointing."
BuzzFeed spokeswoman Katie Rayford replied to Journal-isms, "BuzzFeed News's detailed and contextualized reporting from Mexico has been integral to the public's understanding of what's happening on the ground with the caravan, and we're perplexed as to why WNYC has characterized our headline as 'unfortunate.'
"Our headline was an accurate representation of how this story was unfolding at the time the report was written and published, and it is the host of NPR's On The Media, not a BuzzFeed News reporter, who is using the phrase 'army storming the border' to refer to the caravan."
In his weekly news column in the Washington Post, political reporter Dan Balz cited Trump's comments on the migration as the latest example of Trump's "loose adherence to the truth."
"Then there was the president's week-long obsession with the 'caravan' of migrants heading from Central America into Mexico and, as he tweeted, threatening to come across what he suggested was the porous U.S.-Mexico border," Balz wrote. "He made it sound like an invading army marching north. ' "Caravans' coming,' he tweeted at the beginning of the week. 'Republicans must go to Nuclear Option to pass tough laws NOW.' . . .
"He later tweeted, 'Caravans are heading here. Must pass tough laws and build the WALL. Democrats allow open borders, drugs and crime!' He said the caravan was heading toward 'our "Weak Laws" Border.' He then decided that, in the absence of the wall, he would order the National Guard to the border. . . ."
Balz also wrote, "On the day Trump was speaking, the caravan was beginning to break up. Some in the group were intent on reaching the border with the United States, where they hoped to be able to seek asylum. But others had no intention of staging the kind of invasion the president seemed to believe was imminent. The caravan appeared to be the same as it has been in recent years: no major threat. . . ."
Charles M. Blow, New York Times: Horror of Being Governed by 'Fox & Friends'
Brooke Gladstone, "On the Media," WNYC-FM New York: How Trump Learned About The Caravan (audio)
Daniel González, Arizona Republic: How Central American migrant caravan grew so big and unintentionally may have backfired
Dara Linddara, vox.com: Migrant caravans, Trump's latest immigration obsession, explained
Kate Linthicum, Los Angeles Times: These are the Central American migrants in Trump's crosshairs
Brian Stelter, "Reliable Sources," CNN: Trump's top source of intel: Fox News? (video)
Michael Warren, Weekly Standard: Johnny One-Note
More Coverage Given Alleged Violence by Muslims
"American courts treat Muslims differently, a new study says," Murtaza Hussain reported Thursday for the Intercept.
"Among perpetrators of ideologically motivated violent plots, those who were perceived to be Muslim received sentences that were four times longer than non-Muslims involved in similar cases. The disproportionality carried over into the court of public opinion, too: Cases of attempted violence by Muslims received 7½ times more coverage from major media outlets, while successful plots were covered twice as much.
"These findings are contained in a new report, titled 'Equal Treatment? Measuring the Legal and Media Responses to Ideologically Motivated Violence in the United States,' released on Thursday by the Washington-based Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, or ISPU. Built on years of research on cases of planned or successfully executed acts of ideological violence in the U.S., the report highlights glaring discrepancies in the way the judicial system and media treat such acts, depending on the background of the suspected perpetrator. . . ."
Gaza Journalist Fatally Shot Covering Protests
"Yaser Murtaja had often filmed from the sky, but he never lived to fulfill his dream of flying on an airplane through the clouds," Loveday Morris reported Saturday for the Washington Post.
"The young journalist shot drone images and video for Ain Media, a small Gaza-based news agency he started five years ago. Just two weeks ago, he posted an aerial photo of Gaza City's port on Facebook.
" 'I wish that the day would come to take this shot when I'm in the air and not on the ground,' he wrote. 'My name is Yaser Murtaja. I'm 30 years old. I live in Gaza City. I've never traveled!'
"It was one of his last posts.
"Murtaja, who was married and had a 2-year-old son, died Saturday after being shot the day before while covering protests at the edge of the Gaza Strip.
"His work had appeared on networks such as Al Jazeera, and in 2016 he worked as a cameraman for Ai Weiwei's documentary, 'Human Flow,' which covered the global refugee crisis, including Palestinians in Gaza. The Chinese visual artist posted photos of Murtaja on his Instagram account on Saturday. . . ."
Morris also wrote, "Murtaja was laid to rest Saturday in the land he never left. His body was carried through the streets of Gaza City draped in a Palestinian flag and the blue-and-white vest marked 'PRESS' that he was wearing when he was shot. . . .
"Murtaja, whom friends and family described as ambitious and always smiling, was one of nine people fatally shot on Friday after Israeli troops used live ammunition as tens of thousands of Palestinians gathered to protest at the heavily guarded boundary with Israel.
"Five other journalists were injured by live fire, as well, according to the Palestinian Journalists Syndicate. They were clearly identifiable as journalists, the syndicate said, raising further questions over Israel's insistence that its use of snipers on the crowds at the border is carefully targeted. . . ."
International Federation of Journalists: Palestine: IFJ demands justice following the killing of a journalist in Gaza
Yaniv Kubovich and Almog Ben Zikri, Haaretz, Israel: Lieberman Accused Palestinian Photographer Killed in Gaza of Operating Drone Despite Lack of Evidence
Short Takes
- "Gizmodo Media Group's top executive is exiting the company — a sign that parent Univision plans to get more directly involved with its flagship digital media property as it weighs deep cuts," Maxwell Tani reported Monday for the Daily Beast. "The Daily Beast has learned that GMG CEO Raju Narisetti has been pushed out, amid a larger business review following the company's decision to scuttle its planned initial public offering earlier this year. . . ." Narisetti is a diversity advocate. Last year, Gizmodo sent a report to employees that included a detailed breakdown of racial and gender diversity across the company.
- "Entravision continues to shrink news production teams in its stations, continuing a push towards hubbed news and potentially opening the door for Telemundo newscasts to gain ground in the cities where they compete," Veronica Villafañe reported Monday for her Media Moves site. "According to multiple sources, Entravision executed massive cuts nationwide last Friday, April 6, affecting Las Vegas, McAllen, [Texas,] El Paso, Denver, Washington, D.C., and Laredo [Texas]. The local newscast at KINC Las Vegas was effectively shut down and 'shipped' to El Paso. . . ."
- Being the only Latino in the room means that "while the white men get to disagree with each other and develop idiosyncratic or counterintuitive arguments, you can never just say how you feel or what you think about a story," Julio Ricardo Varela wrote Friday for americamagazine.org. "Instead, you always have to frame your comments in a way that responds to the needs of the 56.5 million people who share some part of your identity. . . ."
- On Wednesday, the Athletic's Bay Area editor-in-chief Tim Kawakami and columnist Marcus Thompson "spent about 10 minutes on Kawakami's podcast musing on the company's diversity or lack thereof," Alex Putterman wrote Thursday for awfulannouncing.com. "The duo repeatedly said that The Athletic could be doing better in terms of diversity, while also defending the site and suggesting it was no less diverse than other media outlets. . . ."
- "In a men's college basketball season marred by the federal investigation into bribes to assistant coaches and illegal payments to players at many perennial powers, the longest-running scandal of all continues with no end in sight: the disparate graduation rates for African-American players," Derrick Z. Jackson reported March 30 for the Boston Globe. Jackson also wrote, "While Duke and Kansas had a 100 percent graduation rate, North Carolina miserably failed that test with a 40 percent Graduation Success Rate. Kentucky had a gap of 40 percentage points between a 60 percent rate for its black players and 100 percent for white players. Those latter two schools represent the underbelly of March Madness that must continue to be exposed. . . ."
- "ESPN is allegedly mulling over selling Five Thirty Eight, which was always a questionable fit for the company. Will they end up pulling the trigger on a sale?," Ben Koo asked March 22 for awfulannouncing.com. "If so, the next big question mark is the fate of The Undefeated, which was John Skipper's pet project and a bet he really staked his professional reputation on. . . . But despite the successful launch and a consistent flow of prestige content, many in Bristol and most outside observers are candid in their assessment that the site is nowhere near profitable. . . ."
- At its November launch, a black woman was named editor of a new alternative weekly in Baltimore — an almost unheard-of development. But the Baltimore Beat, edited by Lisa Snowden-McCray, announced last month on social media, "We're proud of the work we've done but, unfortunately, advertising support hasn't been sufficient to sustain us. As a result, we are closing the Beat effective immediately." David Zurawik reported the development March 6 for the Baltimore Sun.
- "Author Malcolm Gladwell's course on writing went online last week," Dan Zak wrote March 7 for the Washington Post, with advertisements popping up more recently on social media. "His agent first told him about Master Class, and Gladwell thought it was an opportunity to remain relevant by trying out new forms of media (it's why he started podcasting three years ago). . . .'I consider it an experiment,' Gladwell writes in an email. 'What intrigues me is how close online learning gets to face-to-face. So the best case scenario is if Steph Curry talks to me, one on one. But since that isn't happening, how much can we approximate that kind of intimacy with a well-produced and thoughtful video class? I love it that someone is trying to answer that question.' . . ."
"Do you have a remembrance of @NABJ Founder/President Les Payne?" Sarah Glover, president of the National Association of Black Journalists, tweeted on April 2. She asks that links to social media posts/pics be sent to email@example.com Rochelle Riley of the Detroit Free Press is collecting them for the family to be shared here at http://www.lespayne.org
"Payne, who spent 38 years at Newsday, died March 19 at 76.
Herb Boyd remembrance
- CBS's "60 Minutes" on Sunday and the "CBS Evening News" on Monday devoted time to a report by Oprah Winfrey on a new Alabama memorial dedicated to the thousands of African Americans lynched over a 70-year period after the Civil War. " 'The National Memorial for Peace and Justice,' which was paid for through hundreds of private donations, will open to the public April 26. . . . It contains 805 steel markers: one for each county where lynchings took place. And on each marker, the names. The markers are suspended to evoke the horror of being strung up and hanged from a tree. . . ."
- In Los Angeles, the staff of Our Weekly announced Thursday "the passing of longtime editor Cynthia E. Griffin, who died March 29 after a lengthy illness. She was 59. . . ."
- "Before he was sent to prison nearly 20 years ago, the Rev. Henry Lyons apologized for a litany of sins. Extortion and laundering of church funds. Hidden properties, secret mistresses and an opulent lifestyle that included luxury cars and a personal chef," Corey G. Johnson wrote April 3 for the Tampa Bay Times. "But the former St. Petersburg pastor who once presided over the nation's largest black religious organization never said a word about Rochelle McCanns. McCanns is a convicted prostitute who rose to an administrative position at Lilly Endowment Inc., an Indianapolis-based philanthropy that is one of the world's wealthiest charitable foundations. . . . Now a Tampa Bay Times investigation finds . . . McCanns and Lyons arranged to have more than $130,000 in Lilly money sent to New Salem Missionary Baptist Church in Temple Terrace, which made Lyons pastor in 2004 after his release from prison. The stated purpose was to help finance youth programs and community service work. Records show most of the funds ended up in accounts controlled by Lyons. . . ."
- "Amazon has greenlit Lorena, an original series from Jordan Peele about John Wayne Bobbitt and Lorena Bobbitt," Michael Malone reported Thursday for Broadcasting & Cable. "Monkeypaw, Sonar Entertainment and Number 19 are producing the four-part documentary series, directed by Joshua Rofé. Lorena Bobbitt cut off her then-husband John's penis in 1993. . . ."
- "The faculty-led team of student journalists and strategic communication specialists we sent to Paris to report on black expatriates has arrived," the Morgan State University School of Journalism and Communication tweeted on Monday. "Look for their tweets all week. . . ."
- "Barely 24 hours after Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's death, the Western media got to work and put the necessary mechanism in place to undermine her legacy," according to the headline over an essay Sunday by Ahmed Sule, London-based writer and social critic, in South Africa's Daily Maverick. "Its verdict? Mama Winnie should be dismissed as an embarrassing, evil, angry mugger."
- The International Federation of Journalists "has called for urgent action to address the ongoing crisis facing Yemeni journalists," IFJ said Wednesday. "Shocking new figures — published by IFJ-affiliate the Yemeni Journalists Syndicate — show that there were 60 violations of journalists and media rights in just the first quarter of 2018. . . ."
- "Pakistan's largest television network says it has been forced off the air by cable operators in most parts of the country, in a move widely seen as being forced by the military as it flexes its authority over civilian institutions," Salman Masood reported Friday for the New York Times.
- The Committee to Protect Journalists Friday "called on Egyptian authorities to immediately release three journalists who have been taken into police custody or disclose their whereabouts and accusations against them. Adel Eissa, a freelance photojournalist, Ahmed Abdel Gawad, a photographer with the pro-government daily al-Shorouk, and blogger Mohamed Ibrahim were detained after reporting on government opposition figures and irregularities in Egypt's recent presidential election, according to news reports citing witnesses, colleagues, and lawyers. . . ."
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dairy-free vanilla protein smoothie
recently i had the opportunity to lead a small group on a winter adventure. although it was an online group program it reminded me of the wilderness trips i used to lead. it was a top notch group of participants and we had an exciting 7-days without coffee, alcohol or refined sugar. no coffee, sugar, or alcohol? no coffee, sugar, or alcohol and i consider it fun? don't get me wrong. you know i enjoy my coffee but i also enjoy taking a break... Read More
my coco cilantro green smoothie
sugar, sugar or honey, honey? sugar and sugar alternatives are all the rage. it's no secret too much sugar does not do a body good. everyone and their sister would like to knock it out of their diet in every which way, shape and form. however, many struggle before ultimately giving up. been there. done that. and it was a miserable experience. for health purposes there was a period of time i quit consuming sugar in every form. including fruit.... Read More
fruit smoothie bowl
smoothie bowls are a twist on your daily smoothie routine. this particular fruit smoothie bowl has been waking me up lately and it kicks the day off in a sweet and nourishing way. it's a quick and easy no fuss meal that, when eaten on an empty stomach, will digest easily and almost immediately. i use frozen bananas as the base and the fruits of your choice will make a perfect topping. in the picture i've used fresh kiwi, mango, black and... Read More
strawberry coconut green smoothie
strawberry coconut green smoothie is a quickie like most smoothies are. that's the bonus of the smoothie right? this one can be tweaked to the sweetness of your liking. if you are newer to the revolution add more strawberries and pineapple as a sweetener. you could also add a couple dates, honey or a few drops of stevia. on the other hand, if you have been doing the green smoothie thing for quite some time, challenge yourself to go heavy with... Read More
ice cold cucumber limeade
here it is, a new groove to break the summertime monotony. ice cold cucumber limeade is a soft, subtle mix and just a little something to help you sit back to unwind. much like ice cold cucumber lemonade, the limeade is a refreshing burst of hydration full of cooling properties. total perfection for the triple digit temperatures that burn heavy during the pitta months. ice cold cucumber limeade 2 cups water 1 1/2 cups frozen cucumber, peeled and chopped 1/2... Read More


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Need to speak to someone by phone about a caregiving issue? There are options to contact someone directly for help.
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Not sure where to start?
An excellent starting point for any caregiver is a call to your local ASAP's information and referral department to learn about all the services and resources available in your area. The ASAP information and referral department can provide valuable guidance and assistance throughout your caregiving journey. Your town's Council on Aging is another essential tool to help you understand and access available resources for your loved one.
10 Mill St.
Dudley, MA 01571
800-286-6640; 508-949-6640
360 West Boylston Street
West Boylston, MA 01583
Aging Services Access Points, commonly referred to as ASAPs, are one-stop entry points for all of the services and benefits available to seniors in Massachusetts. ASAPs manage the Massachusetts Home Care Program, Meals on Wheels, Money Management Program and Caregiver Support Program, as well as provide information and referrals for senior services such as home care, housing options, public benefits, legal assistance, hospice care, the ombudsman program, health insurance, senior companions and adult day care.
While most ASAPs also serve as federal Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs), which receive and disburse federal funding under the Older Americans Act, the communities in the coverage area of Tri-Valley, Elder Services of Worcester Area, Inc. and Montachusett Home Care Corporation are served by the Central Massachusetts Agency on Aging.
Director: Courtney Riley
76 Oakland Street
Medway, MA 02053
Councils on Aging (COAs) are local volunteer organizations that offer information and direct services to seniors, their caregivers and other people with aging issues. COAs are part of the local government, and work with other senior agencies and city/town departments to provide social, recreational, health, safety and educational programs for seniors in their communities. Most COAs operate Senior Centers for area residents age 60 or older. COAs are also home to each town's SHINE Program representatives, who provide free, confidential and unbiased health insurance information, assistance and counseling.
Town Departments
Agent: John Givner
101 Main Street
Ashland, MA 01721
508-881-0100 x673
Neighbor Brigade is a non-profit organization that establishes and mobilizes community-based networks of volunteers to provide immediate and free assistance to neighbors experiencing sudden crises such as cancer treatment, illness, accident or other tragedy. Neighbor Brigade volunteers provide critical support services such as home-delivered meals, transportation to and from medical appointments and home maintenance help.
Meals on Wheels are provided short-term or long-term to homebound elders age 60 and older who are unable to prepare a nutritionally balanced meal for themselves.
600 Mahan Circle
Medway, MA
Open to all MA residents. Must bring ID.
170 Village Street
Medway, MA
Time: Wednesday 3:45-4:45 p.m.
Must bring ID.
Internet orders
$60 minimum order, fee $9.95, $100 or more, fee $6.95
No minimum order, fee $9.95 for internet orders, $14.95 for call-in orders
Milford, MA 01757
Free delivery Monday through Friday. Allow 24 hours for delivery. Blister packs and flow packs available.
10 Central Street
Framingham, MA
Services: Pickup and delivery, wash, dry, fold laundry
Medical appointments, shopping, errands; wheelchair accessible. Monday-Thursday. 48-hour notice needed.
877-278-4464; 508-278-4464
Subsidized Housing in Medway
Director: Helen Luccio
Mahan Circle
Medway, MA 02053
Locations: Lovering Heights, Kenney Drive
115 Holliston Street
Medway, MA 02053
Number of beds: 123
Medicare certified, Medicaid certified
67 D Main Street
Medway, MA 02053
This is a partial listing courtesy of CaregivingMetroWest.org. CaregivingMetroWest.org does not license, endorse or recommend any providers. For more information call Tri-Valley at 1-800-286-6640.
Check out other nearby towns on the clickable map or check out resources by category throughout the MetroWest region in our Local Resources section.
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The BayPath Family Caregiver Support Program and CaregivingMetroWest.org has been made possible by funding from the Older Americans Act as granted by Executive Office of Elder Affairs. Participants may make a voluntary donation toward the cost of this federally funded service. Click here for more information.
CaregivingMetroWest.org was originally made possible, in part, by generous grants from the MetroWest Health Foundation. Additional funding support was graciously donated by Avidia Bank from 2018 – 2021.
Thank you, MetroWest Health Foundation and Avidia Bank, for enabling BayPath Elder Services to provide support and resources to family caregivers.


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A convention comeuppance for Bill Clinton
A convention comeuppance for Bill Clinton
Posted: Wednesday, August 27, 2008 9:57 pm
By SCOTT LINDLAW Associated Press Writer DENVER (AP) — The Comeback Kid is having a convention comeuppance. Bill Clinton was supposed to beam at the side of his wife at the Democratic convention as she was crowned their party's presidential nominee. Instead, he clenched back tears as his wife formally surrendered the nomination to Barack Obama and threw her full support behind her former opponent. At one point, watching her from inside the convention hall, he leaned back in his seat to bask in applause when she said Democrats know how to lead on the economy and other challenges. "President Clinton and the Democrats did it before, and President Obama and the Democrats will do it again," she said. The 42nd president's campaign performance this year was erratic: He helped drive voters his wife's way, but his occasional outbursts at critics and reporters tarnished his image as a statesman. He has complicated the task of reconciliation with comments early on that were critical of Obama and with tepid endorsements since. Now he is playing second fiddle to his wife, who is second fiddle to her one-time opponent — in part because of her husband's undisciplined campaigning through the primary. At the same time, he is trying not to hog Obama's spotlight. On Tuesday, his first full day here, Clinton did what comes hardest: He kept a low profile and avoided publicly wading into political waters still roiled by tensions between the Obama and Clinton camps. "Must be killing him," Tennessee Gov. Phil Bredesen told The Associated Press. Speaking before a gathering on international affairs, Clinton gave a subdued address on democracy and global warming, referring to the convention and the campaign only in broad strokes. After about 10 minutes of remarks, he walked off stage and left the building to work on his wife's Tuesday night convention address and his own Wednesday night speech. Clinton, known for his surgical grasp of political minutiae, offered no campaign post-mortem and dispensed no advice to Obama. Instead, he said simply: "This was an endlessly fascinating process already, and it's still got some twists and turns between now and November." Clinton said the Democratic campaign will go down in history not only for the closeness of the race, but for the explosion of small campaign donations and the proliferation of sources of political information "But underneath that and in the background, there is also a different story, which we don't want to unearth much on the convention floor because it's not really what we're trying to do but which you should be mindful of," Clinton said. The real issue, he said, is whether democracies around the world can deliver on critical challenges when the dust settles after elections. His above-the-fray speech skirted the political drama simmering a half-mile away at the Democratic convention. Whom would the Clinton delegates vote for in a roll call? Would the Clinton loyalists channel their energy to Obama? And what would Clinton himself say in his prime-time address on Wednesday? He drew huge crowds at his wife's rallies, probably helping her carry some close counties. Will he do the same for Obama? During the primary race, the former president said Obama's opposition to the Iraq war was a "fairy tale" and raised questions about whether the first-term Illinois senator had the experience to lead the country. When he compared Obama's win in South Carolina to Jesse Jackson's victories there in the 1980s, he angered some black leaders who felt Clinton was dismissing Obama's historic bid. And Clinton fumed in response that it was Obama's campaign that "played the race card on me." He remains frustrated that his policy achievements haven't been given enough credit by Obama, aides said, although Obama's recent acknowledgements about the prosperity during the 1990s were helping mend the rift. Mindful of Obama's moment in the sun, Clinton went underground after his morning address on democracy — an address attended by hundreds of people, but where there were also dozens of empty seats. He had no other public appearances Tuesday until surfacing at the convention site to watch his wife give her valedictory address. Published in The Messenger 8.27.08


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Gary: Welcome to Search the Scriptures 24/7, a radio ministry of The Berean Call. I'm Gary Carmichael; we're glad you could join us! In today's program, we continue a series of classics from our Search the Scriptures Daily archives, first broadcast in 2008, with the late founder of The Berean Call, Dave Hunt, and TBC executive director Tom McMahon. This week, they address the question: What Must We Do to Be Saved? And now, here's Tom.
Tom: Thanks, Gary. You're tuned in to Search the Scriptures Daily, a program in which we encourage everyone who desires to know God's truth to look to God's Word for all that is essential for salvation and living one's life in a way that is pleasing to Him.
We are wrapping up our discussion of Dave Hunt's book, Seeking and Finding God: In Search of the True Faith. And you will notice, if you're viewing our program, that Dave is not in the studio with me, and those listening will get that idea as they hear Dave on what is obviously a phone line. He's home recovering from a fractured rib that happened recently as he was recovering from back surgery, which took place when he was on the mend from a prostrate procedure that was done as he was recovering from a replacement from an earlier hip replacement. So, Dave, I'm almost afraid to ask you how you're doing, but I dare to do it. How are you doing?
Dave: Well (and I hate to say it like this), every day in every way, getting a little better, but it's a long process. Ribs – I've had a broken rib before. Very painful, one of the most painful things I have ever experienced.
Tom: And it doesn't help to be just recovering from back surgery.
Dave: Well, I tell you, it's by God grace. My foolishness that I fell – I was careless, I should not have – and I landed on my back on the edge of a very heavy, unforgiving coffee table; you can hardly move it, and just above where my back surgery had taken place. So, by God's grace, He guided me, at least.
Tom: So, are you up to concluding our discussion of your book, Seeking and Finding God?
Dave: Well, yes, sure!
Tom: Okay. For the last couple of weeks we've been explaining the biblical gospel of salvation, and, hopefully, we presented it simply and clearly. Yet, Dave, as you know, there are other gospels around. I'm looking at chapter 10 of your book, Seeking and Finding God (if you just joined us). Dave, you give two verses here – well, first of all, the title is "Mercy vs. Works," and I want to quote the two verses that you begin the chapter with. This is from Exodus:20:24-26: "An altar of earth thou shalt make unto me…And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone: and if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it. Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon." And, Dave, you compare that with this next verse, Genesis:11:4: "Let us build us a city and a tower (of Babel), whose top may reach unto heaven."
So, you say, "No two tenets of faith could be more opposed to one another." Now what do you mean by that, Dave?
Dave: Well, grace or works, mercy or works – it's a tendency that every human being has: "I've got to do something. Somehow, I don't want to just have a gift, I want to do something; I want to be worthy of salvation." And that is the worst thing that one could think.
If God…you see, the problem is…we've got a problem between man and God, and man is not going to solve it from his side. We don't sit down and negotiate a deal with God. If there is going to be any salvation, it must come from God's side. He's the one who has been offended – more than offended; He has been rebelled against, and we're going to have to repent. And unless He is willing to forgive us – and of course He could only be willing to forgive us if there's a righteous basis – He can't just say, "Oh well, okay, I'll forgive you." The penalty has to be paid, and we cannot pay it. So we are totally…and, we throw ourselves upon God's mercy. And if He is not going to be merciful to us, or if He does not have a righteous way whereby He can forgive us, then it's hopeless. You can build all the beautiful buildings, you can make the most elaborate "sanctuaries," they call them. The Bible says…well, Paul, speaking on Mars Hill, Acts 17, he says: "God dwelleth not in temples made with hands. Neither is He worshipped with man's hands as though He has need of anything, seeing He gives to all life and breath and all that we possess." So Paul says, "Wait a minute! You think you're going to give God something? Somehow you're going to buy His favor? Do You think God needs anything? He doesn't need anything from you except your repentance.
Tom: Dave, last week, as you remember, we talked a little bit about Cain and Abel. Well, first of all, go back to the Garden of Eden. God covered Adam and Eve with the bloodied skins of an animal. That pointed to death – that without the shedding of blood there is no redemption, there is no forgiveness of sins. So, that's God's plan, that's His plan of salvation, that's His gospel. Yet when we get to Cain and Abel and they are to bring a sacrifice before God, Abel does – he brings what God desires. (And, again, these things were all to point to Jesus Christ, to point to His death on the cross). But Cain – he brings something of his own effort, something of his own works.
Dave: From his garden.
Tom: Right.
Dave: Or vegetables, and so forth. Tom, many years ago – I can't remember how many years ago – I happened to be in Salt Lake City, and so I went to the…well, they have two visitor centers, North and South, I think, and I don't remember which one it was, but anyway, I went in and a guide takes you through. I think one of the first things that we were presented with – well, here's an altar. And this was supposedly the altar that God commanded Adam to construct and on which he would make an offering. First of all, it was in violation of Exodus 20.
Tom: Right, the verse that I read earlier.
Dave: Yeah. If you can't scrape enough dirt together to build an altar of earth, then you can make it of stones, but you may not make it of cut stones. In fact, God says if you lift up your tool upon it, you have polluted it! In other words, God doesn't allow man to be involved in His redemption. This is all from God's side. "For by grace are ye saved, through faith, not of yourselves, it's a gift of God, not of works lest any man should boast, for we are His workmanship," and so forth,
Here we are in this Visitor's Center in Salt Lake City, and there's this altar. It's made of cut stone, and would you believe it? There are vegetables on this altar, and carrots and celery, and you know, various things like that out of Cain's garden. And there's a lamb, very much alive, just lying in front of the altar, comfortably relaxing. I said to the guide, "What is this?"
"Oh, well, this is an altar that God commanded Adam to build."
I said, "What's that on the altar?"
"Well, it's an offering."
I said, "Look, this is Cain's offering! This is in violation of what God said. The lamb should be on the altar, having been slain," and so forth.
The guide was a bit bewildered, and I guess there were a number… there was group of people there, and they were shocked as well.
"Well, I'll…umm…umm…I'll take that up with the higher ups," and so forth [he said].
Well, all I can tell you, the next time I went in there, that altar had been removed. At least they had enough sense to do that. So, it's a natural tendency: "Well, what can I do?" For example, the Philippian jailer cries out to Paul and Silas, "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?" Well, it's not a do-it-yourself-kit religion. It's not what I must do for salvation. I can't do anything! It's all about what Jesus Christ has done. And until I am willing to believe that Christ paid the full penalty, and that He offers me as a free gift of His grace: salvation, forgiveness, eternal life, I have not accepted the gift of salvation. I am not saved. I'm still trusting to my own efforts, and that is one of the toughest lessons for man to learn.
Tom, you've been to Europe. You've seen the cut stones, you've seen the magnificent structures, the cathedrals that are built, and that's a violation of what God said. This is man's efforts: "Now we're going to make it as beautiful as we can, we're going to make it as elaborate as we can. Let's get some stained glass windows in there." And, please, I hope the listeners and viewers are not condemning me now – "Well, this guy is so critical." No, I am just explaining what God said: "It is not by works of righteousness that we have done, but by His mercy He has saved us."
But everywhere, you see the works of man, the vestments, and, "Oh, if we could just have some more elaborate vestments!" And, as you know, Tom, you've been in a few Catholic cathedrals; you've seen the…you go down underneath to the treasury, and there is a display of the vestments, some of them so elaborate, with pearls, silver, and gold, as though they could somehow impress God. God is not impressed with our works! It's not a light thing!
Tom: I know, Dave! Let's go back to the other verse that you began the chapter with: "Let us build us a city and a tower [speaking about Babel], whose top may reach unto heaven." Now, we go from Cain's offering, which God rejects, and now man, big time! They're going to work their way to heaven, obviously recognizing that they can't get all the way to heaven, but still that's the attempt to reach God through their own works, through their own efforts.
Dave: Yeah, we would say it's – of course, in this modern age we know you're not going to build a tower that's going to get you to heaven. But this is what they were literally…they thought they could do. I don't know how high they got, but it's stupid, okay? It's just a picture of our efforts: "Well, what can I offer you, God? Couldn't I give you a gift? What do you need, God? Well, I'll put something in the offering plate, or let me give something to charity, or maybe I could—oh, they are going to have a workday at the church. Well, I'll show up for that, and I'll bring my tools, and I'm going to work so hard!"
That's good, but that is not going to get you to heaven! And if you use this – works, or whatever you are giving to God – if you think that that helps your salvation, you have insulted God. You are really denying the gospel, and that's the whole lesson here of the Tower of Babel.
Tom: Right. "We've been saved unto good works," not "We have been saved because of our good works." That's a contradiction.
Dave: Right.
Tom: Dave, Babel again. This is not just a rejection of God's salvation, and a salvation program of mankind, but it's symbolic. We're talking now world government; we're talking about a religious government. I mean, this is really pointing to the Antichrist, isn't it?
Dave: Well, there will be a world government. There will be a world ruler. Of course, one day Jesus Christ will rule the world, as He is entitled to, but this is not what man has in mind. We are still determined, by our own efforts. It's ridiculous. It's incredible. I mean, you know, I've used many, many illustrations: "This old nag that can hardly stagger out of the starting gate, has never gotten very far down the track yet, but I go there day after day betting my money on that horse." This is like man betting his money on man.
We've got elections coming up now. We've got these conventions going, we've got candidates, and we're got promises, and it's all about [how] we're going to build a new world. Somehow, we are going to repair this mess that we have made. What's the problem with the world?
It's man! Now, who are we going to have solve this problem? "Well, of course, man. I mean, we've got science, and we're going to somehow build a new world," and so forth.
That is not going to work, but it certainly isn't going to get you to heaven. So, Tom, it should be so easy for people to see. But it's not easy, because pride enters in. "I'm not going to live off of charity, I'm not going to have God just give me a gift and take me to heaven, I want to do something for this."
Tom: Dave, that's why it's really clear in Ephesians, which you have quoted a couple of times: "…not of works, lest any man should boast." I always had problems with that. Why would it say to "boast"? Because that's what we're doing! We're taking pride in what we think we're doing, or we're doing this for God, or whatever. It really is a pride thing, isn't it?
Dave: It is, Tom, unfortunately, and we could look at this from many angles, but one of them is… [There's] a big discussion among Christians: Once saved, always saved; or can you lose your salvation? and so forth. Well, I couldn't earn my salvation. I couldn't merit it, so why would I lose it? It wasn't mine in the first place!
I think one of the simplest ways of looking at it, Tom, you cannot walk the golden streets in heaven above and say, "Well, I know I was saved by grace; that was wonderful that Christ died for my sins, but I kept myself saved by my good works. I lived a life that was worthy of this, and so that's why I am in heaven. Yes, it's the grace of God, and Christ dying for me on the cross, and so forth, but after all I had a part in this too! If it hadn't been for my good life, I would have lost my salvation."
Now that enters into it as well, and we need to recognize that. What can I do to please God? Let me quote again a verse that I quoted earlier: God is not worshipped with men's hands, as though God that made the world and all things therein, seeing He is Lord of heaven and earth. Let me quote it properly: "He doesn't dwell in temples made with hands." Are you going to build a beautiful cathedral? It really kind of chills me, Tom, when…here's a Protestant church, maybe a good evangelical church, and they talk about their meeting place as the "sanctuary." Well, "let's get into the sanctuary." Well, God doesn't dwell in temples made with hands, He's not worshipped with men's hands. He doesn't need anything! He is Lord of all. He gives us life and breath and all that we possess. Does God need anything from me? How am I going to impress God? "I've got to do something for this salvation."
Well, I think we've belabored that enough, but this is the problem in religion. What is religion all about? "If we could just build a more beautiful sanctuary. Can't we do something for God?"
"He dwelleth not in temples made with hands." He is not worshiped with men's hands. He doesn't need anything from us. Now, we can please God. Tom you were quoting the rest of that verse: "We are created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God has before ordained that we should walk in them."
Tom: Right, Ephesians:2:10.
Dave: We don't get salvation by working, but after we are saved – I used to tell Jehovah's Witnesses, back in the early days, "I've probably knocked on more doors than you have. I've knocked on thousands of doors, but why do I do it? Out of gratitude and love for the Christ who died for me, who bought my salvation at a price I could never pay. But why are you folks going around door to door? Because you are trying to earn your salvation. There's a big difference. You cannot earn your salvation, but we can please God: "good works, which God has before ordained that we should walk in them." We should do good deeds. Well, the Bible calls us to do good deeds!
Tom: Well, it says "We are a peculiar people, zealous for good works."
Dave: Very good.
Tom: Yeah, now, Dave, let's end with this: What must I do to be saved?
Dave: Well, that's what the Philippian jailer asked: "What can I do?" I cannot do anything for my salvation, but I can accept my salvation from God. It's a gift. "The wages of sin is death" You want your wages that you have earned by your sin? Okay, but "the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord." And don't forget "through Jesus Christ our Lord." God can't just give you the gift of salvation except on the basis of the full payment of the penalty by Jesus Christ upon the cross.
So, what must I do? "Nothing in my hand I bring; simply to thy cross I cling." The Psalmist says: "What shall I render unto the Lord for all his benefits? I will take the cup of salvation and call upon the name of the Lord." And you cannot earn a gift. If you try to give something in exchange for a gift, you've destroyed the gift. It's not a gift. It is by grace, not works, and I don't think we could emphasize that enough, Tom.
Tom: Dave, let's just close with this. Your last chapter is "The Call to Discipleship," and just one statement you make, I think we all need to take to heart: "Those who preach the gospel are to disciple those who believe it." Those are our marching orders! Not only do we receive God's free gift of salvation, but we preach it and teach it.
Gary: You've been listening to a special edition of Search the Scriptures 24/7 with Dave Hunt and T.A. McMahon, a radio ministry of The Berean Call. The complete radio discussion of Dave's "Seeking and Finding God" is available from The Berean Call. We offer a wide variety of resources to help you in your study of God's Word. For a complete list of materials and a free subscription to our monthly newsletter contact us at PO Box 7019 Bend, Oregon, 97708. Call us at 800.937.6638; or visit our website at the bereancall.org. I'm Gary Carmichael, thanks for being here and we invite you back again next week. Until then, we encourage you to Search the Scriptures 24/7.


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Return to Play Handbook (QuaranTEAM PLAYbook)
COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Following local, state, and federal guidelines, LCYO Baseball, Softball and Champions leagues made the choice to delay play until local, state, and federal guidance supported a phased, controlled approach to returning to normal activities. As of June 30, 2020, LCYO is working to return to play using adaptations and modifications designed to protect the health and safety of our players, coaches, and families to the fullest extent practicable. Specifically, LCYO has developed the following guidelines for resuming play:
All participants are encouraged to follow, to the fullest extent practicable, all school district, local, state, and federal guidelines regarding COVID-19 transmission mitigation during our modified season.
Prior to re-initiating practices and games, parents/legal guardians will be asked to sign a waiver pertaining to the potential risks associated with COVID-19.
All adult-age spectators are strongly encouraged to wear masks/face coverings at all times during practices and games. Players will NOT be required to wear masks/face coverings during practices or games.
Coaches and Team Parents are encouraged to wear masks/face coverings as much as practical during practices and games.
LCYO will provide sanitation packets or squirt bottle stations near each field.
Coaches will be provided with an infrared thermometer to check each player's temperature prior to games and practices. Any player with a temperature exceeding an identified threshold will not be permitted to play.
Any player who has been diagnosed with or who has experienced symptoms of COVID-19, or who has been in close contact with someone who has been diagnosed with or who has experienced symptoms of COVID-19, within 14 days prior to any practice or game will not be permitted to play. Current symptoms of COVID-19, as defined by the CDC include, but are not limited to:
Fever or chills
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Muscle or body aches
New loss of taste or smell
Sore throat
Congestion or runny nose
Nausea or vomiting
All spectators are encouraged to practice social distancing and avoid congregating during games or practices. This includes spreading out along the foul lines. LCYO encourages limiting spectators to 2 adults per player and encourages any individual considered "high risk" to not attend any game or practice.
In an effort to limit player contact in the dugout, all bleachers along the infield will be closed to spectators during games, and will be used to stage players on the batting team.
In addition to the league-provided sanitation stations, parents/legal guardians are encouraged to supply their players with individual hand sanitizer for periodic hand sanitizing during practices and games.
Teams are to clean their dugout of all trash and other items after each game. This includes disinfecting hard surfaces in and around the dugout and on the bleachers after each game.
To the extent practicable, games will be scheduled with time built in between games to minimize unnecessary interaction between teams.
Player contact will be minimized by eliminating team/player handshakes and team/player high fives. Sportsmanship at the end of games will be displayed by asking players to tip their caps at one another from across the field.
Teams are encouraged to limit the sharing of equipment including helmets, catchers gear, bats, gloves, etc.
The defensive team will bring its own game balls out for play during that respective inning. When the half inning is over, they will take those balls with them off the field.
A full list of protocols can be viewed in our Return to Play Handbook (QuaranTEAM PLAYbook).
PONY.org Baseball Season Statement
USA Softball Back to Ballpark Recommendations


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This weekend the 2008 California Biennial (CB08) will open at the Orange County Museum of Art.
Recently the exhibition has emerged as an important indicator of emerging art and artists working in California. This year's biennial is guest-curated by Lauri Firstenberg and it includes works by more than 50 artists and, for the first time, incorporates off-site projects with collaborating venues from Tijuana to Northern California.
I was much honored to be asked to send a selection of my paper jewelry for the museum retail shop. These piece and more are at the store for the grand opening!
By the way if you haven't visit the online museum collection check it out here
Latest posts by francescavitali (see all)
- Opening up to FAN - August 7, 2009
- NIGHT AT THE MUSEUM - June 1, 2009
- May 21st: First day of REVOLUTION - May 31, 2009


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What To Expect During A Repair In Houston At Chips & Cracks Windshield Repair Shop
When Chips & Cracks Windshield Repair recommends repair and the customer approves it, work begins immediately. The roller tool box is maneuvered to the vehicle. All the tools that are needed for any windshield repair job are in position.
Clean loose glass, dirt away from the repair area. Decide if drilling a hole in the glass is necessary. Damage is vacuumed and pressurized with our injection pump. Once the resin has entered the entire crack the pit area is touched up with a super hard resin and finally taped up.
The resin is cured with UV light from the sun until it has completely hardened. The excess resin and tape is removed with a razor blade. The windshield is cleaned up with glass cleaner and paper towels. Inspect the smoothness of the glass, making sure the wiper blades aren't going to be harmed in the future.
Watch A You Tube Windshield Repair Video In Houston, TX by Chips & Cracks Windshield Repair
We have the knowledge and expertise to solve all of your windshield repair problems. We have repaired many windshields and we don't mind explaining what were doing during the repair process. It's best to repair rock chips and cracks right away before longer cracks form and become dirty.
The chip or crack has to be completely dry and free of moister in order for the repair process to work properly. If it is raining outside or you just washed your car, you'll have to wait until the damage is completely dry, usually in a few hours. On rainy days were usually closed, so call before you come if you think its raining.
Try to keep in mind that a chip under stress will crack. If a small stone hits an area already under stress it will crack out immediately. So be careful not to slam the door to hard or turn the defroster on. If you just received a chip, place some clear scotch tape over the damaged area, that will keep dirt and water out and possibly strengthen the area.


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Receive The Best Keno Bonus
Playing Keno was always fun but now it is even more fun because of the free keno bonuses that you can receive. To help you choose your free online keno bonus, we have made a selection of the sites that offer you the best keno bonuses.
The list that is shown below contains the most trusted online casinos that provide free keno bonus codes
Although there are a lot of sites that promise to give you online keno bonuses, it is very important to choose the one that can offer you free keno bonus with the best and most comfortable conditions. Many sites offer the best bonus after you enter a special online keno bonus code that you get from them. This method is different than a normal bonus that the casino offers automatically to any person. These special kinds of keno bonus codes that you receive are the key to get the better free keno bonuses.


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Just for CLB employees
Hi everyone. The Grand National is not happening but the "Virtual Grand National" is going to be broadcast live on Saturday on ITV when the National would have taken place, with the broadcast starting at 5.00 p.m. The powers that be have gone to extraordinary lengths to make sure that only those who made the programme know the outcome, such that most of the major bookmakers are accepting bets. You can bet with most of them to a maximum of £10 win and £10 each way and all proceeds will go to the NHS.
So, here is our free to enter and no cash prizes(!) sweepstake. I'll check with Adam and, if you're lucky, you might get one of our tiny plastic trophies from the social nights (if he's got any left!). If successful you will have the glory of winning or being placed (1-2-3-4-5-6) and I'll let everyone know on Facebook and Twitter! (as long as you're happy with that).
So here are the entries
And here is the selector:
So, how does it work? I've downloaded a random number generator from 1-40 which will choose your number below. Please give the number shown. Because I'm making this up as I go along I'll have to re-run it for numbers that have already been selected! So here it is. Have a go, you've got nothing to lose and you could be featured on our social media (only if you want to be!). To enter, you'll need to email me your number to email@example.com.[arandomnumber min=1 max=40]
Let's generate a bit of social media interest! Let me know your horse and I'll put it on our social media pages. I'll keep you updated with the selections.
Good luck! I'll update this page with the winners just after the race.


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1. Lucca: Guided E-Bike and Wine Tour
Bike through the country of Lucca and experience the finest views paired with a visit to a vineyard. Discover the historic center and old town and admire the many symbolic landmarks. The e-bike tour begins with an introduction to the city by your friendly guide and a visit to the walls of Lucca, over 4 km of cycle path all around the historic center. From this elevated position above the city, you will have a view of the symbolic monuments of Lucca and you will have time to become familiar with the e-bike. Afterward, go outside the walls, entering the surrounding countryside, among charming villages and family farms. The e-bike will allow you to face a few short climbs effortlessly and your expert guide will help you understand the complexity of the "vineyard" ecosystem and its low environmental impact on agriculture. The visit will continue in the cellar and in the vineyards with the wine tasting combined with typical local products such as bruschetta, meats, cheeses, and olive oil.


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Date: 08/14/2008
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House pictures
Pictures of our new(ish) house.
Celebrations of May 2008
May 2008 was a celebratory month. Here are pictures of said celebrations!
Pictures from Q2 2008
Random pictures from April-June 2008
Politics 2008!
Democratic caucuses
Pictures from Q1 2008
Random pictures from January-March 2008
Miriam's pictures
Miriam's pictures!
Stephen's wedding
Pictures from Stephen's wedding
Christmas 2007
Christmas related pictures for 2007!
Pictures from Q4 2007
Random pictures from October-December 2007.
Moving to Austin
In September 2007, David and I moved back to Austin, TX. (yay!) Pictures of said move within:
New York City trip!
We went to the Big Apple.
Pictures from Q3 2007
Random pictures from July-September 2007.
Camping at Rocky Gap State Park
Barbara and Alex and David and I went camping in Western Maryland.
Pictures from Q2 2007
Random pictures from April-June 2007.
Easter 2007
My family came up to visit for Easter!
Leigh Ann's wedding
David's sister Leigh Ann married her long-time boyfriend Xavi. Here are pictures!


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(Honorable Mention – Sculpture)
Title of Art Piece: Sunny Delight
Category: Sculpture – 2017
Student/Artist's Name: Elizabeth Calhoun
School: Dimond High School
Grade: 9th
School: Dimond High School
Grade: 9th
Artist Statement:
Working with clay allows me to mold a form to my own design. I loved working on creating a "Happy" creature from the sea.
Artwork Dimensions: 5" x 3.75"
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