text:
Cinema is an invention without a future. (LL)
to underline that when he says "reformist," he means it as a slur, but at the same time turns it around on itself; sometimes the most despicable and loathsome adversary provides rescue for the castaway. (The old man was always sure that the survivors of the Hood were picked up by a German U-boat, but his memory failed him on that one.) Or if
. . . in this critical ocean. (HMa)
but you have to be able to read them, have to be prepared to offer yourself to the reading, and to do the work. Maybe sometimes (as you've said before) the reading is better than the film. My point would be that certainly the reading could be better or as good (or it could be worse, much worse), could itself be "available for decipherment," could contain more than what was put into it, could be part of a (structurally) interminable chain of cultural objects, ultimately "Culture" itself. And we could say, ultimately "Mourning" itself, since (as I never tire of saying) an apt way to define culture is to say that it is precisely what exists to ensure that the dead are mourned. Part of my response to the film is mournful, that it is what it is and not otherwise, and never will be. Since it is what it is and not what it could've been, not any part of that infinite array of potential, but merely this, it stands in the place of the cadaver, under the sign of irrevocable, intractable loss. One has, then, the option of contending with its trace, which may well include its unfulfilled
They were silent, as the dead usually are in our dreams. (WGS)
trying to think back to the time in question. And it "remained a riddle to him, despite his most strenuous thinking about it." There is no way to go back, to think back, to the time in question: a lesson, maybe, for the dead who return searching for life, and for the living who, feeling that they belong to an earlier world, are preparing to drown in it. Max (Max F and/or Max S?) tries to displace himself into the past of that encounter, chasing after the man who forever chases, he finds himself applying paint thickly, and then repeatedly scratching it off, covering the floor with an encrusted deposit of droppings mixed with coaldust, thick
One knows the hammer by hammering. (MH)
and when I got it I was a bit astonished, I have to say. I mean, who actually "writes a letter" these days? But apparently we can count on you doing your part to maintain the continuity of tradition, a pursuit to which I add my own small contribution with my sharpening mania in the cellar. Strop till you drop I say! Not quite there yet, but soon I'll have the old 4 1/2 producing shavings under a thou. (Remember the call to the mincer from down in the try pots in "The Cassock" chapter? "Bible leaves! Bible leaves!") But enough about the ongoing refinement of my erotic life. You asked whether I was writing any
So many true things // which are not truth itself. (SHa)
obscure film likely unseen by most who'll read the piece; unavailable on DVD in North America, not apt to appear anytime soon at a theater near you, and about as different from PL as, say, La Sortie de l'Usine Lumière à Lyon is from The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser. Not sure if you saw it; I think that when
The wonderful future he dreamt of that summer collapsed without a sound like the proverbial house of cards. All his prospects blurred. For the first time, he experienced that insuperable sense of defeat that was so often to beset him in later times and which, finally, he could not shake off. (WGS)
has something on that order too, though I'd need a metaphor other than "dogged" to identify it: one more "energetic" maybe. He's also got verbal, poetic and intellectual capabilities that others lack; it occurred to me that some of his writing is like Creeley in the 50s, in the letters to Olson: fast-breaking semi-coded riffs with time-delayed explosive capacity; strings of little astronuggets that reading constellates into thoughtworlds. Perhaps I'm just making this up. I sometimes wonder whether anyone
He stands at a border of whiteness. Facing away from us. Blind to the color of our sail. (AC)
did everything in my power to avoid for as long as possible actually writing, or at least finishing it. It's about (or it's supposed to be about, shall we say) a film by Hoo
The names of all fine authors are fictitious ones. (HMb)
the film several times, a particular quotation kept popping into my head: a recondite eruption from the old dissertation days back in the theory shack in Bufftown, when we were supremely disciplined, strict Althusserian Leninists if you recall. Ah, Youth! For whatever reason, I became resolute in the desire to structure the piece around the armature of that quote, and this has been the real bane of the effort to finish, since said structuring required relentless deformation, distortion, distraction (in the etymological sense) of PL, but tough tits: I must (mustn't I?) always stick to my guns, however ill-conceived or prone to (textual) viol
And I saw her for the last time when, awakened from my Deauville dream, I went to the window of my hotel room. Morning was breaking. The beach still merged colourless into the sea, the sea into the sky. And there she was, in the pale but glowing light of daybreak, on the deserted Promenade des Planches. (WGS)
because I'd seen (again) that Patience film, which led me to reread The Emigrants), the mighty Sebald, like his ubiquitous butterfly man, popped out of the bloody ground and into
Yet this same placid Ocean, as civil now as a city's harbor, a place for ships and commerce, will erelong be lashed into a sudden fury, and all its caves and cliffs will resound with tumult. . . . This gentle ocean will toss and tear the rag of a man's body like the father of mad bulls, and his relatives may be seeking the remnants for weeks along the strand. (HDT)
or rather an effect at once overwhelming, oceanic but at the same time cadaverizing, making death present; silence; jabbering
You can tell the genius by what he steals. That he steals. By his flights of fancy. An idiot thief: he should have flown on his own, robbed himself, had he known. Instead of going to take his self from another, risk everything in a rickety calculation, be just a montage about to collapse. (HCa)
and largely hardened at the center near his canvas "and thinning out toward the outer edges, in places resembling the flow of lava." He had long felt it be of the utmost importance that "nothing should change at his place of work . . . and that nothing further should be added but the debris generated by painting and the dust that continuously fell and which, as he was coming to realize, he loved more than anything else in the world." The scene of inscription, of artistic production construed as the production of dust, debris, lava which falls or flows from the "continual wiping away of that which is drawn," "when the matter, little by little, dissolves into nothing," or very little. Almost nothing. So art doesn't recapture a lost object, it's not in search of temps perdu, it's neither testimony nor recovered memory. Not only. Not simply. Nor does it
We evoke men of the sea, brave navigators, frightened and also enchanted, mastering the most dangerous unknown (that marine infinitude which both buoys and engulfs), by observing a regular movement, a first legality. Everything comes from the sea for men of the sea, just as everything comes from the sky for others, who recognize a given cluster of stars and who designate, in the magic "configuration" of these points of light, the nascent rhythm which already governs their entire language and which they speak (write) before naming it. (MB)
that PL begins with a section called "Writing" only underlines this feature and suggests, at least to me, that Hoolboom (that is, the one I'm calling Hoolboom, the one whose name is on the film), along with Robert Bresson and that Cree guy ("Here are two pens. Write a film about me!") in that film Phil Hoffman made up north (whose title I have apparently lagoonized), believes precisely in "cinematography," and in PL he practices his faith. But he can't do it without complication, without displacement. He can't do it without irony. Esma from Amsterdam: "The words don't come from me. They come from other books, conversations with friends . . . I arrange them, that's all." She later demonstrates this: "Every wound gives off its own light, and some of these wounds are words."(Anne Carson) She goes on to describe her project ("I'm going to tell you six stories . . .") and concludes: "They will constitute my work as a young writer." (Cf. Steve Reinke's aim "to complete 100 videos by the year 2000 and my 36th birthday. These will constitute my work as a young artist." Reinke (his unmistakable voice) immediately turns up
Write! Write! (KH)
a letter to Straub and Huillet written at the time he agreed to take part, Fortini takes note of the ways in which they had, in their previous films, complicated the relations between pre-text (Böll, Brecht, Schoenberg, etc.) and the eventual filmic text. He adds: "It is therefore clear that the character in the film of I cani del Sinai [Fortini reading his book] is not exactly the author of that little book nor yet the "I" who am writing to you now." And further: "I understand that your warning to me not to trust you meant that there was to be no visible complicity between you and me-as-character or even (in spite of everything) the literalness of my words in Cani. Perhaps you won't treat me with the critical distance you used in the letter [from Shoenberg] to Kandinsky [in Introduction to Arnold Shoenberg's "Accompaniment to a Cinematographic Scene"]; but a critical distance there will be, and thanks to that I too shall be carried a stage forward." Not sure what he means by that last bit, but not a bad initial articulation of the problematics of authorship and enunciation, n'est-ce pas? In addition to the many lengthy
In the illusory babels of language, an artist might advance specifically to get lost, and to intoxicate himself in dizzying syntaxes, seeking odd intersections of meaning, strange corridors of history, unexpected echoes, unknown humors, or voids of knowledge . . . but this quest is risky, full of bottomless fictions and endless architectures and counter-architectures . . . at the end, if there is an end, are perhaps only meaningless reverberations. (RS)
where I wanted to imagine that he thought himself to be striding across the deck of his first ship (which was the battlecruiser HMS Hood, on which he served while she was under repair in Gibraltar; a few months later she made her way to Portsmouth (where he was unaccountably transferred to the Fleet Air Arm), before steaming north to Scapa Flow, and on to her fate in the Denmark Strait, from which only three of about 1400 souls escaped alone to tell thee), or bounding down the beach into a magnificent surf at sunset, rather than
There is too much self in my writing. (AC)
Fortini reading I cani del Sinai onscreen and in voiceover, F-C also offers images of a variety of texts to be read by the viewer: the cover and pages from Fortini's book; hand-written notes by Fortini; newspaper passages, including a substantial one with a chart; various inscriptions on historical plaques and memorials. There is an excerpt from a televised news broadcast concerning the outbreak of war between Egypt and Israel in June 1967, a woman and a man who comment briefly on that situation, a portion of a service in a synagogue with a rabbi chanting (from the book of Numbers, IV, 1-20: check that out when you get a chance). The rest of the visual material of this heavily verbal, textual film is comprised of shots of unidentified
Memory is fundamentally nothing but a citation. (WGS)
Her name is Marine. Simple as that.
. . . but that docility, as I was already beginning to suspect, was in fact due simply to your great-uncle's longing for an extinction as total and irreversible as possible of his capacity to think and remember. (WGS)
would agree that flints and rough diamonds may be subversive because they are insoluble in the ubiquitous wash of sentimental drivel and heroic propaganda and Erinnerungslosigkeit, but are they likely to generate any sparks, much less ignite anything in the general gormless slurry of "I want, therefore I
Infinite alterity is quite simply what there is. Any experience at all is the infinite deployment of infinite differences. Even the apparently reflexive experience of myself is by no means the intuition of a unity but a labyrinth of differentiations, and Rimbaud was certainly not wrong when he said: "I am another." There are as many differences, say, between a Chinese peasant and a young Norwegian professional as between myself and anybody at all, including myself. (AB)
the one who has achieved the widest field of view, perhaps because he's taken the most risk, because his act of refusal is the most uncompromising. Still I think
The fabulous shadow only the sea keeps. (HCb)
is obviously functionally linked to Straub/Huillet, as a fellow author/artist, but his status (as he suggests in the letter) is utterly fraught, over-determined, constrained, deformed, distracted (in the etymological sense), disastered even, putting entirely into question the point of enunciation from which Fortini's words, not to mention the film itself, emerge. As is, wouldn't you say, the authorial status of S/H. (And doesn't this put into question the film's enouncé, all the moyles and moyles of it, as well?) Likewise in the Ferber section of The Emigrants, the painter is a stand-in for the author, his tormented "lagoon of oblivion" also Sebald's, complicating any facile notion of authorial voice. By the way, what gets translated as "oblivion" is, in Sebald's German original Erinnerungslosigkeit, which I prefer to render as "remembrancelessness," maybe out of sheer perversity (or maybe I just like big Germanic-sounding words: remember my "orphanhoodedness" riff in the Disasterologies "performance piece" at J's first Lacan conference? The besplattered giant of Ljubljana could hardly get a word in Hochkantstauchdruck.) But remembrancelessness suggests
. . . Rita Hayworth on a jetty in a nuit américaine of blue-filtered daylight. What was once a film in a movie theatre, then a fragment of broadcast television, is now a kernel of psychical representations, a fleeting association of discrete elements: a voice full of urgency; the passive indifference of painted-palms; a woman waving across the unbridgeable gap that separates the real jetty where she stands from the studio set where a man pretends to leave. The more the film is distanced in memory, the more the binding effect of narrative is loosened. The sequence breaks apart. The fragments go adrift and enter into new combinations, more or less transitory, in the eddies of memory: memories of other films, and memories of real events. (VB)
seems so familiar to me (albeit darkly so) that I am sure (but not utterly sure and there's no way from this vantage to be utterly sure) that it's been lifted, more or less holus-bolus, from somewhere amongst The 100 Videos. Of course, I could be wrong. I could even be wrong knowingly. But I do feel sure.) So she arranges them, that's all, and nothing wrong with that I guess; wasn't it your hero Walter Benjamin's dream to author (or should we say compose?) a work consisting entirely of citations? But the entire passage is a bit more stunning: "I arrange them, that's all. That's all a writer can ever do." You either let this pass over you in your benign indifference, or you're charmed by the ingenuousness of the naive young writer, or (I suppose it's possible) you blithely agree and wait for the next maxim. Or else you bang your head against a door because it's pointless to scream "How can you say that?! You're a writer? Have you never heard of Emily Dickinson?! Clarice Lispector?! Anne Carson?! (Right, you have heard of her.) And yes, yes, you can take the argument to the level of the signifier and beyond; there are only so many words, so many phonemes, so many minimal pairs; there's a structural limit at the level of linguistic materiality, etc., etc. But sure, we
So writing involves some dashing back and forth between that darkening landscape where facticity is strewn and a windowless room cleared of everything I do not know. It is the clearing that takes time. It is the clearing that is a mystery. (AC)
to apply the metaphor of the semipermeable membrane (film), separating images from things, to language (the primordial act of naming), (re)establishes the "near field" effects of osmotic pressure or quantum tunneling. There is, in language, a thin but constant traffic with the real; song is the resolvent cancellation of the skin, the heart's passage through the throat. Distant points on the world line may be neighbors in phase space. As close as the two sides of a letter, or a computer scree
My prose pieces are, to my mind, nothing more nor less than parts of a long, plotless, realistic story. For me, the sketches I produce now and then are shortish or longish chapters of a novel. The novel I am constantly writing is always the same one, and might be described as a variously sliced-up or torn-apart book of myself. (RWa)
when I attempted to remind him a short while back that he had once, maybe a number of years ago, said to me, "Painting is boring." He didn't remember saying this, and didn't believe he had, and if he had (which he certainly hadn't, he was sure), he may have been speaking "ironically." I didn't know why he would've done that, in that particular context, and said so, to which he replied that it was something that he did. Sometimes, I suppose. On occasion. Naturally, this doesn't prove anything, although I'm inclined to believe in the ironic possibility. Because the (relatively) little but quite a bit more than nothing I know about him as a person, and the (relatively) more but nowhere near everything I know of him as an artist, brings me to the point of (maybe slightly incomplete) certainty that he could not possibly actually believe that painting is boring. Unless
Not everything that is irrational can be dismissed as stupidity. (EB)
language is necessity, and thus a necessary constraint, but within it immeasurable infinities of singular and multiple possibilities, multiple and singular modes of textual production, singular "voices" or ensembles of voices available to be animated and made concretely actual by manifold acts of (and resistances to) volition on the parts of those who can't avoid being writers, and even (at times) those who can. An ocean of singularities, and singular multiplicities, and multiple singularities, and sheer multiples, submerged, buoyed up, foundered, cruising deviously, engulfed, swallowed by whales or bobbing along on top of Queequeg's coffin or clinging to the carcass of a lost torpedo plane. No doubt the process of "arranging" adduced by Esma would account for a certain range within these infinities, but to universalize it, to make it the Ultima Thule of writing, is just
He says something, and then come moments when he is outright happy as a child, and then of course the girl makes a rather severe, punitive face, just to show him a little how very strangely he does fool around with his life. The girl is a Kleist and has enjoyed an education, exactly what her brother has wanted to throw overboard. At heart she is naturally glad that he is feeling better. On and on, well well, what a journey it is. But finally one has to let it go, this stagecoach, and last of all one can permit oneself the observation that on the front of the villa where Kleist lived there hangs a marble plaque which indicates who lived and worked there. Travelers who intend to tour the Alps can read it, the children of Thun read it and spell it out, letter by letter, and then look questioning into each other's eyes. A Jew can read it, a Christian too, if he has the time and if his train is not leaving that very instant, a Turk, a swallow, insofar as she is interested, I also, I can read it again if I like. Thun stands at the entrance to the Bernese Oberland and is visited every year by thousands of foreigners. I know the region a little perhaps, because I worked as a clerk in a brewery there. The region is considerably more beautiful than I have been able to describe here, the lake is twice as blue, the sky three times as beautiful. Thun had a trade fair, I cannot say exactly but I think four years ago. (RWb)
when you say that it's "not that writing (or painting) is inherently self-centered and therefore leads to dead ends — that's not the deeper problem. One's attitude periodically becomes fearful and self-centered, and the pathology of that is felt in everything you touch. Writing becomes an intolerable mirror of attitude at times, but I think it's wrong to place blame on words." OK yes, I think this is true, but "fearful and self-centered" may be an appropriate response to the power of ubiquitous unavoidable exploitation. One of our myths is that the way the world sucks us dry is an invention of our paranoid imaginations, a failure of generosity or openness, an unwillingness to offer ourselves up to the pyr katharsion of social existence. Bullshit, I say. The structures we create to manufacture "value" are clearly exploitative, and their chief business is to fill all available blanks and silences with words and images (or icons even) designed to solicit our constant and undivided enthusiasm for this or that "public" cause. I don't blame this on words, but I don't
Of him who ate the book and the mystery within it, one can, in effect, ask the question: Is he good, or is he bad? That question now seems unimportant. The important thing is not knowing whether man is good or bad in the beginning; the important thing is what will transpire once the book has been eaten. (JL)
believed to have been an intense cordite fire surging through the engineroom ventilators, leading to the explosion in the magazine that obliterated the after part of the ship. One of the survivors, Ted Briggs I think, said that the sea was boiling next to the hull as it went
From the sinking whalebrow / I read you– / you recognize me, // heaven / hurls itself / into the harpoon (PC)
disposed in a singular way on the body of each singular subject, and it is around these residual pockets of enjoyment that the drives emerge. "The Trieb," says Lacan, "implies in itself the advent of the signifier." And what does the angel say? "Thou must prophesy." It's a maxim, a duty. You must speak to peoples, nations, tongues and kings the truth that resides bitter in your belly, even though that speech from the belly comes from other than where you take yourself to be, and even though you may not know what you are saying. At this point I might as well
Where you are where I would be / half thought thought otherwise / Loveless and sleepless the sea (SHb)
dealing as it does with alienation, the disposition of the drives upon the body, tattooing, the question of interpretation, and separation; the separation from place of origin as unsettledness (the unsettled science of cetology, landlessness as the residence of highest truth) and the question of settling of accounts (narrative, capitalist); and finally, servitude, the condition of work in the capitalist machine on land or at sea, the problem of the slavish shore, and of course, slavery itself. I want to stress that this condition of "orphanhoodedness" (that's what I'm calling it) is always and everywhere predicated on some primordial (and likely immemorial) loss (of derivation, of origin, of place, or freedom) and so we want to know: what is the experience of this loss, how is it experienced, what is the relation of the subject to loss and the lost object? And so on. Provisionally, let's say that loss involves the subject in a point of trauma, that loss engages the affects of guilt and grief and the process of mourning, and that both the trauma and the lost object are encrypted ("vaulted," we could say, since we're doing etymology), secret, hidden (and this is where the "hoodedness" comes in, about which I can say more later; for now, keep in mind what you already know about the etymology of whale, and note that through the Latin cognates for vault, vaulting, rolling etc., we are led to the word "vulva.") To put asunder, to separate
A place of distress, shipwrecked. (MD)
not only oblivion, amnesia, but also the absence of memorials, a lack of re-collection, or of rituals of grief or mourning, or their attendant markers; perhaps even a failure to properly honor the past, tradition, the hidden and secret lore, the lost, the dead, even to the point of submersion in or engulfment by this failure: a sublime "lagooning" perhaps? Max's work (and of course he's called Max, the name Sebald was called by family and friends, and nowadays, now that he's gone, by fans), these failed portraits like the one of the butterfly man, which he only starts after countless preliminary studies, which he overlays innumerable times, which he subjects to continual scratching-off and reapplication of paint only to wind up with a faceless portrait of a face no longer recalled and no longer
The longer I studied the photographs, the more urgently I sensed a growing need to learn more about the lives of the people in them. (WGS)
unable to bring myself to believe that Hoolboom (the one I'm calling Hoolboom) could possibly be of the party that would send the FBI to Sturges' studio, seize his work and equipment, and bind him over as a "child pornographer" any more than I can imagine him so blithely
Man looking into the sea, / taking the view from those who have as much right to it as you have to it yourself, / it is human nature to stand in the middle of a thing, / but you cannot stand in the middle of this; (MM)
has no clothes, if indeed he hasn't. Having looked at it so many times by then, I saw that it was all over the place, as if he has no idea what to do, and then at the end, had to finish it in an impossible situation. Maybe he waited too long: clearly, at the point he finished it he was over it, or as over it as anybody gets, which on second thought may not be much. (The sadistic side of my thing (not deliberate, oh no, I assure you) is that it wants to make him see how much more devastated he could be, how he could continue to be so, etc.) There's also the problem of deliberately making a piece which mourns, rather than one which, in spite of or beside itself, exhibits the mournful, is an instance of mourning regardless of the specificity of its subject; to do this you need a kind of meta-language (or meta-cinema); a mournful discourse about mourning itself. He's not an intellectual, not the guy to come up with this on purpose. He's the guy in the back seat with the heavy camera and a gifted
Whereas ego countersigns liminal existence, "I," the anonymous, the spider's lieutenant, signs it. With an X, a mandibular mark. Signs or, rather, signals existence: the gash signals that I was here, within the experience of crude and null existence. Inevitable deferral of writing with respect to the experience of the monster. Dread is voiceless, deaf. That's why it cannot lie. (JFL)
belligerent and abusive, so the head injury he sustained was more or less a coup de grâce. I gave the authorization for the termination of life-support, and for the post-mortem sectioning of his brain for research. I didn't for a moment think he'd stepped into the road on purpose; or rather, I didn't think he'd purposely stepped into that road. Meddings said his old man, who also had it, constantly imagined (I really doubt that's the right word; these things must be far from flights of fancy) that he was in the POW camp in Italy where he spent a couple of years prior to the Allied invasion and the fall of Mussolini. He'd even start talking in broken Italian, desperately
On page 248 in The Rings of Saturn, W G Sebald is recounting his interviews with one Thomas Abrams, an English farmer who has been working on a model of the temple of Jerusalem – you know, gluing little bits of wood together – for 20 years, including the painstaking research required for historical accuracy. There are ducks on the farm and at one point Abrams says to Sebald, "I have always kept ducks, even as a child, and the colors of their plumage, in particular the dark green and the snow white, seem to be the only possible answer to the questions that are on my mind." It is an odd thing to say, but Sebald's book is a long walk of oddities. I did not remember this passage in particular until later the same day when I was reading the dictionary, where I came upon the meaning of the word speculum: 1) an instrument inserted into a body passage for inspection; 2) an ancient mirror; 3) a medieval compendium of all knowledge; 4) a drawing showing the relative position of all the planets; and 5) a patch of color on the secondary wings of most ducks and some other birds. Did Sebald know that a compendium of all knowledge and the ducks' plumage were one and the same? Did Abrams? Or was I the only one for whom the duck passage made perfect, original sense? I sat in my chair, shocked. I am not a scholar, but for the imaginative reader there can be discoveries, connections between books, that explode the day and one's heart and the long years that have led to the moment. (MR)
she remembered that Barthes is supposed to have said once to Philippe Sollers: "Whenever you give somebody something to read, you are giving it to your mother." I began wondering if that applies to putting a film out there. (What RB meant by "giving it to" notwithstanding: a student of mine once said in class, as a refutation of the Oedipus complex, "You oughta see my mother!") Anyway, I don't know if this fragmentary morass makes any sense to you, but the fact is that the film had now profoundly changed. Now at last I had a way to answer people who mistakenly thought it was a film about Susan. Including Susan. I had to shoot
And so they are ever returning to us, the dead. At times they come back from the ice more than seven decades later and are found at the edge of the moraine, a few polished bones and a pair of hobnailed boots. (WGS)
because let's face it, apart from everything else, there is a real girl who's been photographed, who is depicted in the photograph, and her name is not Amy. Her name is Marine. What is spoken by the actor portraying Amy, this discourse that the shadowy MH adduces and comments on in the interview, does not belong to Marine. But it is given to her, it speaks for her, it commits (or apparently commits) the indignity of speaking for others; it inscribes Marine within a rather tarnished, shopworn, practically bankrupt line of aesthetic-political argument, rather lacking in intellect or vitality in its presentation in the interview or in PL itself, more or less reduced to a tawdry heap of codewords and slogans; designed (so it would seem) to arouse the viewer's sympathy for the girl as having been violated in some way, tragically so, or so the actor's portrayal seems meant to convey; and designed as well to arouse the ire of the viewer toward the photographer who is responsible for this violation (and whose unfortunate name, which "Amy" gleefully mocks, might as well be Dick or Cock or PHALLUS). But is this really
I would be a falcon and go free. / I tread her wrist and wear the hood, / talking to myself, and would draw blood. (RD)
massive proliferation of artist "avatars" commences: Esma, obviously; Steve Reinke's voice and the Reinke-esque (to my mind) discourse and imagery give rise to the specter of the world's greatest video artist haunting PL; Philip Glass and Madonna; the "amnesiac" filmmaker; the silent photographer; and in the "Amy" section we see Amy (the actor portraying Amy) with a movie camera, but more important is the despised photographer, Jock. In addition, we can salvage from the depths of the familiar (though sometimes murky) "apparatus" fringing the fringe cinema (filmmaker Q & As after screenings, artist statements, interviews, festival blurbs, descriptions of works in various distribution catalogs, panel participation at conferences, etc.), a shadowy "MH" who is prone (not always, but often enough that it can't help seeming deliberate, an instance of "performance" hors-textuelle) to making truly outrageous statements about what is going on in PL, much to the delight of the eager
Si je désire une eau d'Europe, c'est la flache / Noire et froide où vers le crépuscule embaumé / Un enfant accroupi plein de tristesses, lâche / Un bateau frêle comme un papillon de mai. (AR)
not to say that once something's written, once it's inscribed, there's an absolute guarantee of permanence or continuity, or that any final arrest has been brought to bear on the proverbial "sliding signifier." ("Stealing" and "flying" are the same word in French (voler), and when little French girls play Cinderella, they dress up in slippers made of squirrel fur, which in heraldic French is vair, homonymical with verre, glass. Or so I'm told.) And of course Plato, in the Seventh Letter and also somewhere else, writes (without irony, I suppose) "Writing is poison to thought." (Does he use the word pharmakon for poison? If so, I guess I should reconsider about the irony.)
He clearly found it impossible to use his voice, and so responded to what I said only at lengthy intervals, in an attempt at speech that sounded like the rustle of dry leaves in the wind. Still, it was plain enough that he felt his condition was something to be ashamed of and had resolved to put it behind him as soon as possible, one way or another. (WGS)
to say at least that Hoolboom (the one who is called Hoolboom) wears everywhere and always (and in all of his various personae) a mighty carapace of irony (to borrow Anne Carson's nicely wrought image; and please, do not mistake irony for some light and flimsy simple thing) which secures the multiple deployment, dispersion, dissolution and reconstitution of authorship, of textual authority, of points of enunciation which mark his style in PL and many other works. It also underwrites his policy of appropriating, of admitting, the infinite archive of images, sounds and words ascribed to authorships outside (but only presumably outside) his (presumable) own. It one key, at least, by which he and we together might be carried a stage
Nothing distinguishes memories from other moments: it is only later that they make themselves recognized, by their scars. (CM)
in the Fairey Swordfish (or the "String Bag," as he used to call it), which was exceedingly slow and thus vulnerable to fighter escorts, and was often sent out well beyond its range so that once they'd dropped their sole torpedo, the crew wound up having to ditch on the way back when they ran out of fuel. Not that many were ever picked up. But luckily for him, he spent almost his entire 6 years in the skies over Portsmouth, training younger fishfodder to operate the puny Vickers machine guns ("Fucking bloody pea-shooters," as he put it). His rank on demob was Air Gunner/Telegrapher, Fleet Air Arm, which had about the same status as an Army Corporal. Guess that explains his blinkin' son. Or maybe
If the word revolution had not been made almost ridiculous through abuse, one would have to say that revolutionary action today has to be even more reformist than the reformist; apparently myopic, dedicated to small but sure operations, to making diamonds or deadly artificial flints, to minute sabotage, to patient but total destruction. To attract the occasional bark or the occasional bite is a matter truly of no importance, with no merit or demerit. It is necessary to wish something very different, and above all to believe, with Lenin, that for every situation there exists one way out and the possibility of finding it. Or in other words that truth exists, absolute in its relativity. (FF)
is what she would've said; and do thank her for the Two-tailed Pasha specimens and the fine photos of Ardéchois scenery. Looking forward to seeing you both there in June (Skelley has decreed that we should be en France for my 60th, to celebrate with rillets de porc and those two magnums of Cornas I know you've got secreted in the root cellar), and if possible getting to one of those plages naturistes on the coast. My camera
This he considered one of his most unsatisfactory works, because in his view it conveyed not even the remotest impression of the strangeness of the apparition it referred to. (WGS)
AB – Alain Badiou, Ethics
AC – Anne Carson, Economy of the Unlost
AR – Arthur Rimbaud, Le Bateau Ivre
CM – Chris Maker, La Jetée
EB – Ernst Bloch, Heritage of Our Times
FF – Franco Fortini, I Cani del Sinai (and Straub & Huillet, Fortini-Cani)
HCa – Hélène Cixous, "Elpenor's Dream"
HCb – Hart Crane, "At Melville's Tomb"
HDT – Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod
HMa – Herman Melville, Moby-Dick
HMb – Herman Melville, "Hawthorne and His Mosses"
JFL – Jean-François Lyotard, Soundproof Room
KH – The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser (Werner Herzog)
MB – Maurice Blanchot, The Writing of the Disaster
MD – Marguerite Duras, The Lover
MH – Martin Heidegger, Being and Time
MM – Marianne Moore, "The Grave"
MR – Mary Ruefle, "Someone reading a book is a sign of order in the world"
PC – Paul Celan, "From the sinking whalebrow"
RD – Robert Duncan, "My Mother Would Be A Falconress"
RS – Robert Smithson, "A Museum of Language in The Vicinity of Art"
RWa – Robert Walser, "Eine Art Erzählung"
RWb – Robert Walser, "Kleist in Thun"
SHa – Susan Howe, "Thorow"
SHb – Susan Howe, "Silence Wager Stories"
VB – Victor Burgin, The Remembered Film
WGS – W G Sebald, The Emigrants


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Buying or selling a home is one of the largest transactions the average citizen will undertake during his or her lifetime. Given the amount of money at stake, both the buyer and the seller should understand the condition of the property that is being purchased and sold. The Pennsylvania Real Estate Seller Disclosure Law was designed to give buyers a comprehensive understanding of the condition of the property while discouraging sellers from hiding any known flaws or problems.
Known material defects
Before selling a home, sellers are required to fill out a seller discloser statement and disclose any known material defects. Sellers with greater knowledge in construction or related industries are held to a higher standard of discloser than a layman.
The law defines a material defect as "a problem with a residential real property or any portion of it that would have significant adverse impact on the value of the property." Generally speaking, a material defect is something that simple maintenance will not fix.
What elements are included?
When completing the disclosure agreement, the seller should give information regarding structural elements such as the roof, basement, foundation and walls are assessed. In addition to the structural elements, the seller should also give information about the electrical, plumbing and HVAC systems. It is perfectly acceptable if the units are old, but all systems need to be functional and in good working order. Sellers should also disclose any information about termite treatments or water damage. Any remodeling done to the property also needs to be listed.
The seller should also list information about any major appliances that are included in the home sale, such as washer and dryer units. If the seller is aware of any hazard or contaminants in the home or on the property, such as radon or black mold, those also need to be disclosed. Lastly, if the seller knows about any title or financial issues with the home those should be listed as well.
Psychological damage disclosures
Although not required by law, it can be advantageous for the seller to disclose any additional psychological damage information. For instance, if the former home owner died of natural causes in the home or if a serious crime took place in the home. In all likelihood the buyer will learn of the home's past eventually, whether from neighbors or another source. In many cases the buyers are not deterred by the information but they would rather know about it upfront rather than as neighborhood gossip later on.
A seller can face serious financial penalties for failing to disclose any known problems with the property. Buyers have two years in which a lawsuit can be brought against the seller. Often the seller is responsible for paying for the repairs to correct the material defect. As with most things, a home naturally deteriorates with age, but a thorough home inspection can help buyers and sellers alike feel confident in the sale.

subset: commoncrawl


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Cleaning your bike: A How-to Guide
Cleaning your bike, oiling the chain, etc.
Too much dirt will shorten the life of your bike. With regular maintenance, however, can prevent avoidable wear and tear. In this article, we'll explain to you how to clean and oil your city, mountain and road bike properly and whether expensive special cleaning agents are worth the hassle.
- Here's why regular bike care and maintenance is important
- Equipment: What you'll need for the task
- The right cleaner
- Should you wash or oil the bike chain?
- Should I use a high pressure washer?
- What you'll need to care for your bike
- Step by step guide: How to clean your bike the right way
- Step 1: Soak the bike and get rid of mud
- Step 2: Cleaning the bike chain
- Step 3: Cleaning the disk brakes
- Step 4: Cleaning the gears and breaks
- Step 5: Drying and aftercare
- Step 6: Caring for the chain
- Bike cleaning FAQs
Why regular bicycle care is important
Dirt and the resulting rust, among other things, compromise the health of your entire bike. The cable's elascity is reduced, the brakes get cloged with mud and the gears become too stiff to change. Dirt in the chain, gears and breaks compromise the life span of the bike itself.
Especially in winter, regular cleaning is a must, because road salts attack not only the components of your bike but also the paintwork and promotes rust formation. Without proper bike cleaning and maintenance, a component could break while riding and lead to an injury!
Equipment: What you'll need to clean your bike
There is a special cleaning agent for almost every part of the bicycle. They can be a bit expensive. For basic cleaning, you can do without expensive special cleaning agents. When caring for your chain, however, we recommend spending a bit more to ensure a long-lasting chain.
The right cleaner for the right job
Soap is perfect for cleaning the frame and wheels. Make sure that the soap is biodegradable when cleaning the bike outside.
For the chain you can use a WD-40.
Important: Don't use strong or aggressive cleaning agents. Excess chemicals drip down onto other components, often causing damange to the bike.
Wax or oil on the bike?
When you take care of your chain, it's important you take care of it correctly. There are two options for this.
- Oil the chain:
You can choose between thin or thick oil. Dust and dirt adhere less to thin oil, but thin oil must be applied more often. Thick oil, on the other hand, attracts more dirt but is longer lasting.
- Wax the chain:
Wax is dirt and water repellent and therefore keeps the chain cleaner. In addition, it does not stain clothing. However, wax needs to be reapplied every 80 to 120 km, and therefore more often than oil (every 120 to 300 km).
Should I use a high pressure cleaner?
Do not clean your bike with a high-pressure washer: High pressure can cause water to enter the sealed wheel bearings, which will then begin to rust.
You can also use the following to clean your bicycle:
- a garden hose
- several buckets of water
- a watering can
- a pressure washer with a water tank
What you'll need to clean your bike
Step-by-step instructions: How to clean your bike properly
The most important up front:
- Coarse dirt should be removed from your bike after every ride. Just following step 1 to 3 for instructions on how to do so.
- In the following steps, we'll give you everything you need to know to care for your bike.
Our Tip: Take the time while cleaning your bike to check for any damange.
Step 1: Soak and remove coarse dirt
Before you start to remove dirt with a brush, you should first soak the bike.
» For step 1, you'll need:
- water with soap
- brush and sponge
- toothbrush
- spray oil (WD-40)
» Take note of the following steps:
1. Soak the frame and wheels with rinse water for about 10 to 20 minutes.
2. Scrub off stubborn dirt with a brush or sponge.
3. Clean the wheels from inside to outside (hubs - spokes - rims).
4. Then move to the cassette, cleaning the chainrings and front derailleur with a sponge or toothbrush. For persistent dirt, use WD-40 or a degreaser.
5. Be sure not to pressure clean nuts, screws or bearings, shocks or the suspension fork, so that no water or dirt enters and rusts the ball bearings.
6. Finally, rinse the bicycle with a detergent on a low pressure setting.
Important: Rinse the brush or sponge often to avoid scratching the paint with microscopic rocks and dirt.
In the video you can see exactly how to clean the drive chain:
Step 2: Cleaning the chain
If you clean your bicycle chain, make sure that you do not completely degrease the chain. Otherwise, the oil between the pin and the chain links may become weak and break.
» For step 2, you'll need:
- Rinsing water
- 2 cloths/rags
- A toothbrush
» Here's how it works:
1. Take the rag dipped in water and grab the chain with it. Turn the crank so that the chain moves under your hand with the cloth and clean.
2. For die-hard dirt, put a bit of WD-40 on a rag and attack the chain.
3. Use a toothbrush to remove dirt between chain links.
Still not clear? The following video should give you an idea of what we mean:
Step 3: Cleaning the brakes
It is very important that the brakes are completely free of dirt and dust. While you're here, try to remove any rust that has accumlated here.
» For step 3, you'll need:
- Fine sandpaper or steel wool
- Water for rinsing
- Brushes
- Cloths or rags
- Brake cleaner, if needed
» Here's how it works:
1. Disconnect the bicycle's brake. This will help you better clean. You can find out how this works in the assembly instructions of your bicycle.
2. Remove dirt with rinse water and a brush.
3. Use a steel wool to remove any rust.
4. Clean the disc brake again of residues that result from the brake pads being grounded up, for this you can use brake cleaner if necessary.
5. Reassemble the brakes after they've dried.
Step 4: Cleaning the gear and brake cables
Dirt and water can easily get into the outer shell of the inner cables if the brake cables are exposed. Therefore, regular cleaning is therefore very important.
» For the 4th step, you'll need the following:
- wet rags/cloths
- grease
» Here are the steps:
1. Disconnect the brakes.
2. Unhook the front and back brakes at the tires.
3. Shift down to the smallest gear.
4. Release the inner cables in the clamping area.
5. Take the whole train out of the stop and move the outer cover.
6. Clean the inner slides with a damp cloth.
7. Provide the inner cables with a light film of grease (Attention: Not with Teflon coating!)
8. Reattach the brake cables.
In the following video, you'll see how to removed and grease the brakes:
Step 5: Drying & Maintenance
After cleaning, be sure to let your bike dry and also let all other components dry as well. Once everything has dried, you can begin oil and greasing.
You can also spray the frame with an anti-dirt oil, let it set for 5 minutes and then wipe it away after around 5 minutes. The oil will help prevent dirt and dust from sticking to the frame.
Step 6: Greasing and oiling the chain
Finally, spray the gears, cables and brake joints with oil, and remove excess oil with a damp cloth.
Also grease your bicycle chain with oil or wax.
» When applying oil to the chain, you'll need:
- Chain oil or chain wax
- A cloth
Make sure to apply grease sparingly. You can either apply the oil through direct contact or transfer the grease from a rag to the chain.
Here you can learn how to oil your bike chain:
Important: Be sure that no oil comes in contact with the brakes. Should this happen, remove the oil with a brake cleaner immediately.
Bike cleaning FAQs
How often do I need to clean my bike?
Dirt and dust should be removed after every ride. A thorough cleaning is necessary approximately every 150 miles.
How often should I clean and oil the chain?
The more you bike, the more often you'll need to tune-up your bike. We recommend the following intervals to regularly clean you chain.
- For road bikes: Check, clean and grease the chain every 150 miles.
- For mountain bikes: Check, clean and grease the chain every 70 miles.
The bike chain is often neglected. However, be sure to clean and grease it regularly.
Where can I clean my bike?
When cleaning, be sure that
- only eco-friendly agents are used.
- the ground is dry and does not kick up any dirt. We recommend cleaning on concrete.
It is best to clean your bike on asphalt or concrete in your backyard or driveway. If greasing or oiling, you should do such on a piece of cardboard to protect the ground from harmful chemicals. If you have a bathtub that is big enough, you can also clean your bicycle there.
Our tip: With a mounting stand, you can fix your bike at eye level and get into hard to reach places
Ready for your next adventure!
Your bike is spick and span and ready for the next adventure? Make sure your bike fits you from head to toe. In our article "Getting the right bike for you", you'll learn how to find the right bike for your size.
If you plan on biking through the Winter, we have some tips for winter biking.
So that the next bike tour doesn't fall flat, you can't go without a individualized personal jersey. In our 3D Designer you can creatively design high-quality jerseys - for mountain bikes and road bikes alike.
Image Credits: Title Image: Vera_Petrunina/iStock, Image 1: AscentXmedia/iStock, Image 2: ZimaNady_klgd/iStock, Image 3: Portra/iStock, Image 4: yanik88/iStock, Image 5: ZimaNady_klgd/iStock, Image 6: yanik88/iStock.


text:
Have an Answer?
1 Answer
Eva Holdbrook
How about visiting your local pharmacy to hang out with the Tech for a few days to see if it is something you will like to do. Same with local radiology center and hang out with the monographer. It might be easy to hang out with radiology techs in the hospital. I hope this help.


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Actor Cauã Reymond joins Doutzen Kroes, Gracie Carvalho, and Hilary Rhoda in the Christmas commercial for mass retailer C&A in Brazil.
I don't like it, it's just a bit cheap & dated. If you're going to spend $$$ on Doutzen & Hillary then at least show them in the commercial! Caua looks good as always though!
We caught this commercial on Globo the other night and after seeing all the big names, when C&A came on the screen at the end we sort of gasped. And realized that perhaps the best way for C&A to upmarket itself would be to ditch the name C&A cuz it's just never gonna be upmarket :-)
The comments to this entry are closed.


text:
It happens many times with almost everyone that your blog, website, portfolio or any others website could be social websites like Facebook, Twitter, etc.. is showing down on your system but your friends find that website is Up on their system and they are actually using that website. This happens because sometime your website is actually down and sometime their is some issues with your website that make you can't access it. The issue is with you internet service provider's (ISP's) DNS server, in this situation you system is not sending the correct address to locate the website. The reasons could be many for this like restarting you modem, back end issue with your internet provider,
On this kind of situations we always got irritated, but their is an online tool available which can check about this kind of situations and will let you know if the website is down for just you or it is down for everyone.
The tool is www.downforeveryoneorjustme.com that will tell you if its just you, or the website is down for everyone.
How to use that tool:
You just have to put the URL of the website you want to check and then click on a link Or Just Me? .
The tool will show a simple text massage about the website online status at that time, if the website is UP it will show a massage like this:
And if the website is down it will show the status in same way saying It's not just you the website is down for everyone.
The tool is simple to use and quite helpful for everyone. So give it a try this tool is worth Bookmarking.


text:
With new food studies coming out all the time, it's hard to tell which are actually healthy and which are junk foods in disguise. Take a break from reading labels and nibble one of these tasty, 100% good-for-you foods.
Breakfast: 1/2 cup oatmeal or 3/4 cup whole-grain cereal (instead of refined cereal, like cornflakes). Look for one with at least 5 grams of fiber per serving.
Lunch: A sandwich with whole wheat bread (instead of white bread) and 3 cups of light microwave popcorn (instead of chips).
More From Redbook
Dinner: Brown rice or whole wheat pasta (instead of white rice and regular pasta).
Strawberries. These pretty berries are among the most antioxidant-rich fruits out there, so they've got major cancer-fighting potential, says Chicago-based registered dietitian David Grotto. A serving of eight strawberries contains only 50 calories but has 160 percent of your daily vitamin C and three grams of fiber. If you can spring for it, opt for organic — conventionally grown berries can have high levels of pesticide residue, according to the Environmental Working Group. Leave the caps on and wait to wash them until right before serving, for freshness, then eat them any which way. Our faves: in a spinach salad with walnuts and feta, layered with peanut butter instead of jelly on a sandwich, or drizzled with balsamic vinegar for a low-cal snack or dessert.
Kind Bars. At first glance, these seem too healthy to be tasty — they're all-natural, gluten-free, and low in sodium — but our staffers were such insta-fans that our entire stash vanished in a day! New flavors like Peanut Butter & Strawberry and Dark Chocolate Cherry Cashew (up to 190 calories and 12 grams of fat each) "are not too sweet but still taste like a treat," one editor said, plus they've got filling protein and fiber. Kind Minis are an ideal diet-friendly snack at 115 calories. ($2 per full bar, $7 for five minis; at grocery stores or kindsnacks.com)


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Ursulines: Blackrock
It was at the invitation of Nano Nagle that the first four Ursulines landed in Cork in 1771 and took up residence in the convent in Cove Lane (now Douglas Street) on Ascension Thursday, 9th May. It was here the sisters began the ministry of education for girls, alongside Nano Nagle, taking in boarders.
In September 1787 sisters went from Cork to Thurles to establish a convent and school which continues still today. The missionary endeavours expanded to New York in March 1812 – this mission was to last just three years and closed in 1815. In April 1858 two sisters were loaned from Blackrock to Thurles to assist the community there returning home to Cork in August 1860. Again in 1948 until 1951 two sisters joined the Thurles community in the establishing of a school and convent in Brecon, South Wales.
After Nano Nagle had founded the Presentation Sisters a new home was found for the Ursuline Sisters and the community and the boarders moved to Blackrock in October 1825. The following year a "poor School" was opened in Blackrock – later known as Scoil Ursula. Much later in 1940/41 the sisters opened a fee-paying junior school in Blackrock which was later incorporated into Scoil Ursula. This school moved to a new building on the site in 1967. The phasing out of boarders in Blackrock happened between 1980 and 1981 while the second level day school continues to this day having moved into a purpose built school building on an adjacent site in September 2002.
Expansion into new missionary territory continued from Blackrock and in 1834 sisters went to Charleston, South Carolina which closed in 1844 and moved to Covington, Kentucky and from there in 1847 to Cincinnati, returning to Blackrock in 1849.
A second foundation was made in Cork city in August 1887 with the opening of a convent and school known as Saint Angela's on Patrick's Hill. A new school was built on the grounds of Richmond House, Patrick's Hill in 1888 and the sisters moved into Richmond House and in 1954 on the completion of a new convent building the sisters moved house once again in the same grounds. The sisters moved out of this building in 2007 and the building transferred to school use – Saint Angela's Secondary School continues to thrive on Patrick's Hill to this day.
Ursuline Sisters once again set sail to open a mission in the USA in 1960 this time to Columbus, Georgia. It was there sisters established a school and became involved in Social Services in the Diocese of Savannah. Sisters from Cork continued to serve there until 1997 when the remaining sisters retired and returned to Ireland handing on their well-established ministries to lay people from the area.
Today, sisters live in the new purpose built convent in Blackrock where they continue in the ministry of education in the secondary school, in adult literacy and in pastoral ministry in the Diocese of Cork and Ross.


text:
The Labour Monthly
Source: The Labour Monthly, Vol. 19, July 1937, No. 7, pp. 438-445
Transcriptionp: Ted Crawford
HTML Markup: Brian R.
Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2010). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit "Marxists Internet Archive" as your source.
[LABOUR MONTHLY readers will be interested in the account given below of the condition of Ceylon under British imperialism and of the aims and struggles of the young Socialist Party of Ceylon (Lanka Sama Samaja Party). This statement was submitted by the Lanka Sama Samaja Party to the Conference on Socialism in India and Ceylon held at Transport House, London, on the 5th and 6th June, 1937.]
The mass movement in Ceylon for the establishment of a Socialist State and national independence has taken a different course from that of the Indian movement. In India the National Congress has been the natural growth of a great common front of all elements striving for national emancipation and to-day the Socialist movement has a definite place and a historic mission within it.
In Ceylon there had been no mass movement during the last twenty-five years until the young leaders, who subsequently formed the Lanka Samajaya Party, started agitation and propaganda among the workers and peasants.
Since the British occupation of the entire country in 1815, the methods of repression adopted by British imperialism have been far more effective in Ceylon than in India. Easier accessibility of the entire country and the favourable insular climate for the British exploiter resulted in the complete political and economic subjection of the people. The rulers saw the vast economic possibilities in the exploitation for commodity crops of the fertile hill districts inhabited by the Kandyan peasants. Thus the early Imperial policy was to destroy the semi-feudal and self-sufficient village organisation with its Gensabhawa or self-governing institution and to introduce the wage labour system.
The extreme distress and poverty arising out of the unsettlement of the village economy resulted in a peasant rising in 1818, suppressed with ruthless massacre. According to a British observer: "Whenever a district rose in rebellion one or more military posts were established in it. Martial law was proclaimed. The dwellings of the resisting inhabitants were burnt, their fruit trees were often cut down. The country was scoured in every direction by small detachments and 10,000 Kandyan villagers were killed and most of their cattle and crops destroyed." Many villages were abandoned and the people fled into the jungle.
From 1818 to 1848 extensive coffee plantations were opened up by British planters on land misappropriated from the villagers. The Governor and other high officials were the pioneer proprietory planters. The Governor enacted a law which enabled him to confiscate without compensation the traditional village pasture lands and forest reserves. This land was sold for a nominal price to the British investors. To benefit the British planter, export duty on estate produce was abolished and every conceivable form of taxation, direct and indirect, was forced on the peasantry. Import duties on all imported goods were introduced. Shops, boats and all vehicles were taxed £1 annually. Every dog in the village was taxed. As the peasants were living on the verge of starvation, sufficient revenue was not forthcoming to enable the opening up of estate roads at Government expense, and for the heavy cost of maintaining the British Administration for the benefit of the planters. All major and minor irrigation works in the villages were abandoned. Forced labour was introduced, and the peasants were compelled to work six days in the year on roads in the plantation districts within a radius of 20 miles round their village.
These oppressive measures resulted in a peasant rising in 1848. Martial law was again declared and the military officers and the planters were put in command and once again the wholesale massacre of peasants was carried on for several months after the rising was suppressed. A few British liberal elements were able to raise protests in the British Parliament. A Parliamentary Committee with Mr. Gladstone as a member was appointed to investigate into the grave charges against British officials. This Committee, being convinced of the guilt of the British officials, refused to send a Royal Commission to Ceylon as it would have undermined the prestige of the Governor.
In 1915 the widespread economic distress among the Sinhalese peasants and workers resulted in sporadic rioting, which took the form of a religious clash with the Mohammedans. After the disturbances had ceased, for several weeks the European planters and the police shot down unarmed and innocent peasants. Under martial law several innocent Nationalists were persecuted.
The morale of the peasantry was so badly destroyed by these repeated acts of terrorism that Imperialist exploitation continued unchallenged for several decades.
The masses are subjected to a double form of exploitation. On the one hand the survival of the semi-feudal headman system is used to keep the peasant in bondage. On the other, the peasant is exploited by all the methods of modern capitalism. Within recent years an English-educated Ceylonese gentry of landed proprietors has come into prominence and become increasingly absorbed into the legislative and executive bodies; and in the absence of a mass movement they enjoyed power and privilege as lackeys of British Imperialism.
In 1937 the wages of unskilled workers in Government factories are the same as in 1857, although the cost of living has risen beyond comparison. The average wage is about 7d. or 8d. per day, and in Colombo the price of a bottle of milk is 4d. or 5d. The wages in British factories and warehouses are even less. The wages of skilled labourers have undergone progressive reduction in all trades and industries. Thus after a hundred and forty years of British rule the people of Ceylon are faced with poverty amidst all the material perquisites of prosperity. People are still attempting to maintain life with primitive and unproductive methods of agriculture. The majority are condemned to live and die in poverty, squalor, ignorance and disease, while a small minority enjoy the comforts, privileges, leisure and opportunities which their disparate wealth affords them.
Six years ago the State Council of Ceylon was elected on a universal franchise. Limited as are its powers under the Donoughmore Constitution, the national leaders did not lack the opportunity to influence policy in the interests of the people. Instead of these opportunities being used, the apathy of the leaders in the face of political crisis, their co-operation with the British in imposing hardship and injustice on the people proved conclusively their readiness to subordinate the national interest to personal gain.
The representatives of popular emancipation became the agents of class domination. Blow after blow has been struck at the standard of living of the poor by heavy taxation of necessary foodstuffs, by Imperial preferences, quotas on cheap Japanese textiles. Two years ago over 90,000 perished in a few months of hunger and preventable malaria, reducing the countryside to a graveyard. Yet National leaders were entertaining Royal Dukes and celebrating Royal Jubilees at public expense, hunting for knighthoods and other honours. They relieved the rich of their responsibilities by repealing the estate duties and lightening the taxes paid by foreign exploiters.
Over 90 per cent. of the population are existing on the verge of starvation. The rural economic survey carried out in Kalutara, the most fertile and richest district in Ceylon, revealed 80 per cent. of the peasant families to be in debt. The conditions in the less fertile and malarial districts need no description. The army of unemployed has mounted to stupendous proportions, uncalculated and unprovided for. Half the children of school-going age have neither the opportunity nor the means of going to school. Over 30 per cent. of the children both in the urban and rural schools suffer from advanced diseases due to malnutrition. Our infant and maternal mortality rates are among the highest for the civilised world. Preventable diseases annually take a shocking toll of lives. The normal average span of life in Ceylon when undisturbed by epidemics has not been officially estimated, but is in the neighbourhood of 27 years. When epidemic conditions are taken into consideration the average expectation of life is below twenty.
Recent history has demonstrated that until the Sama Samaja Party was organised there has been no real advantage to the working masses in merely choosing every four years which members of the oppressing class should repress them in Council. In spite of the desperate condition of the masses the National leaders were satisfied with themselves and with the administration. This self-satisfaction was derived from the absence of a genuine opposition basing itself on a coherent body of economic and political principles.
All the world over there is to-day a fundamental conflict between two sets of principles which may form the basis of Governmental policy. They are the principles of disintegrating capitalism and those of advancing socialism. Recent history has amply demonstrated the inability of capitalism to ensure a decent existence to the large majority of human kind, in every country there is an increasing body of informed opinion which has become inalienably convinced that socialism provides the only practicable alternative to capitalism. What is more, it is now being increasingly realised that socialism alone can prevent war and give the universal opportunity of a full life.
The growing volume of socialist opinion in Ceylon coalesced into the Lanka Sama Samaja Party. The primary aim of the L.S.S.P. is the establishment of a socialist society in Ceylon. The essential economic basis of such a society is socialised production, distribution and exchange of commodities. Through socialisation alone can the popular needs be fulfilled.
The struggle for socialisation will inevitably bring to the surface the reality of foreign domination. The fight for popular rights involves fight against the dominant power. The dominant power in our social system is helped by the capitalist class, the predominant section of which are the British exploiters. Behind the British capitalists stand the forces of British Imperialism. The greatest barrier to the establishment of socialism in Ceylon is therefore the existence of Imperialist rule. Accordingly for us the assault on capitalism necessitates the assault on Imperialism by the struggle for full National Independence.
Apart from the fundamental objectives of the establishment of socialist society the L.S.S.P. formulated the following immediate demands:
(1) Abolition of domestic or industrial exploitation of child labour.
(2) Free supply of school books to children in primary schools.
(3) Free meals and milk to all children in primary schools.
(4) Free pasture lands in every rural district.
(5) Supply of seed paddy free of interest, to cultivators.
(6) Permanent abolition of irrigation rates.
(7) Abolition of the assignability of Tea and Rubber Coupons.
(8) Abolition of Forest Laws relating to removal of brushwood and the transport of timber.
(9) Establishment of unemployment insurance for all workers.
(10) Provision of work or maintenance for all in need.
(11) Establishment of a minimum wage so that all workers may maintain a decent level of life.
(12) Establishment of an eight-hour day for all workers.
(13) Abolition of the compulsory registration of Trade Unions.
(14) Factory legislation to ensure decent working conditions.
(15) Introduction of a Rent Restriction Act.
(16) Clearance of slums and provision of better and cheaper housing for workers.
(17) Use of the vernacular languages in the lower courts of law and in records at Police Stations; and the extension of this use to all Government departments.
(18) Introduction of a scheme of National Health Insurance paying:
1. Sick benefits.
2. Old age benefits.
3. Maternity benefits.
(19) Steeper graduation of Income Tax on the higher incomes.
(20) Reimposition of Estate Duty on estates of Rs. 25,000 and over.
(21) Abolition of Imperial Preference and the Japanese Quota.
(22) Progressive abolition of all indirect taxation.
During the last six months three of these demands have been partially or wholly won by agitation in the State Council by the two L.S.S.P. members, backed by the mass campaign among the workers and peasants.
Free meals to all children in primary schools; the use of vernacular languages in the lower courts of law; and the reimposition of death duties on estates over Rs. 25,000 are the remarkable victories achieved. Several other demands are now the subjects for investigation by the Ministers for report to the State Council.
The L.S.S.P. has established cordial relations with the leaders of the Indian National Congress. Whenever circumstances permit the L.S.S.P. work in co-operation with the socialist leaders of India. Our delegates participated in the deliberations of the Congress Socialist Party last year. The lecture tour of Comrade Kamaladevi, member of the Congress Socialist Party, clearly demonstrated the solidarity of the masses in the two countries. Her meetings were attended by over 70,000 people.
The circulation of the official organ of the party was 10,000 six months ago. With the new printing press for which funds are now being raised by public subscriptions, the circulation can certainly reach 25,000.
The greatest internal weakness among the masses has been communal ill-feeling, which was exploited by self-seeking nationalists. The establishment of branch societies of the L.S.S.P. in the north of Ceylon where Tamils predominate has laid a real foundation for true unity among the masses.
The Party's work for unity among the Indian immigrant labourers resulted in the recent outrageous attempt of the Ceylon Governor to deport one of the Party members. Comrade M. A. Bracegirdle, an Englishman, gave up planting, as the conditions of work of the labourers so revolted him, and joined the Sama Samaja Party to help organise labour. This created such a panic among the European planters that when persuasion by them and threats by the Inspector General of Police failed to compel Comrade Bracegirdle to give up his political activities the Governor intervened. Acting under powers vested in him during Queen Victoria's time to deal with any state of grave emergency, he ordered Bracegirdle's deportation.1 A protest meeting in Colombo against the Governor's order was attended by 50,000 people, about half the total adult male population of the town.
The indignation of the masses against oppression and injustice is now seeking disciplined and organised expression under the leadership of the Sama Samaja Party. The leaders of the Ceylon National Congress who carried on an intensive campaign against the Sama Samaja Party have not only been discredited by the masses, but many of them have found it necessary to fight with the Sama Samaja Party against Imperialism and in defence of civic rights and democracy.
Thus the only elements in our society which can wholeheartedly and effectively carry on the struggle against Imperialism are the working masses. They cannot emancipate themselves without emancipating all society from the tyrannies, superstitions and prejudices of class, race, caste, creed and sex, which keep society divided and enslaved. Thus the need of the hour in our country is for a common front of all elements striving for emancipation in the battle-front of socialism, which alone can lead society to victory. The victory of socialism means the political supremacy of the working masses and therewith the abolition of every form of exploitation by the constitutional use of the new State power.
1. The action of the Governor has since been declared illegal by the High Court of Ceylon.


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Canada Contracts Cellula Robotics to Improve AUV Fuel Cells
The Government of Canada, has awarded a contract to Cellula Robotics to develop a fuel cell that will improve the ability for autonomous underwater vehicles to store sufficient energy to undertake long range and long duration missions.
This contract has a total value of close to $648,000 and is being awarded under the 2016 Innovation Call for Proposals for the All Domain Situational Awareness (ADSA) Science & Technology (S&T) program.
Surveillance solutions support the Government of Canada's ability to exercise sovereignty in the North, and provide a greater awareness of safety and security issues, as well as transportation and commercial activity in Canada's Arctic.
In addition, solutions may contribute to joint efforts between Canada and the United States to renew the North Warning System and modernize elements of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).
Through an investment of close to $133 million through to 2020, the ADSA S&T program coordinates and funds innovative research and analysis to support the development of options for enhanced domain awareness of air, maritime surface and sub-surface approaches to Canada, in particular those in the Arctic.
"In order to address Canadian challenges we need to explore innovative made-in-Canada solutions, especially given the extensive coastline in the Arctic. Our academic institutions and innovation industry are among the best in the world and we are proud to work with them to address particularly complex surveillance issues for the Arctic," says Defence Minister Harjit S. Saijan


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After three quarters of a century one can appreciate the intelligence that informed Gilman's sally. (Most contemporary critics failed to detect any expressivity in atonal music; they heard in it nothing but an outrageous and inexplicable—and therefore insulting—style.) At the time, Schoenberg and his pupils did not recognize good will from any critical corner. Their embattled (or "alienated") posture—another maximalized inheritance from romanticism, though not often recognized as such—was widely imitated by modernists who otherwise had little in common with them. "The customer is always wrong" became an implicit motto.
- Citation (MLA):
- Richard Taruskin. "Chapter 6 Inner Occurrences (Transcendentalism, III)." The Oxford History of Western Music. Oxford University Press. New York, USA. n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2022. <https://www.oxfordwesternmusic.com/view/Volume4/actrade-9780195384840-div1-006019.xml>.
- Citation (APA):
- Taruskin, R. (n.d.). Chapter 6 Inner Occurrences (Transcendentalism, III). In Oxford University Press, Music in the Early Twentieth Century. New York, USA. Retrieved 2 Dec. 2022, from https://www.oxfordwesternmusic.com/view/Volume4/actrade-9780195384840-div1-006019.xml
- Citation (Chicago):
- Richard Taruskin. "Chapter 6 Inner Occurrences (Transcendentalism, III)." In Music in the Early Twentieth Century, Oxford University Press. (New York, USA, n.d.). Retrieved 2 Dec. 2022, from https://www.oxfordwesternmusic.com/view/Volume4/actrade-9780195384840-div1-006019.xml
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Girls PAC Basketball
The PAC Panthers Girls' Basketball team is ready to GROW!
After a successful 2018-2019 season we are ready to put a Varsity and Junior Varsity team on the court. In order to give new potential team members a chance to meet the team and get in shape for the upcoming season, we are hosting 6 special sessions.
These sessions are open for anyone eligible to participate in PAC sports. These sessions are a great way to explore the possibilities of playing in the 2019-2020 basketball season.
Sessions include:
Conditioning/injury prevention:
August 6 and August 13- learn the best practices for getting into shape with a professional trainer.
Where: First Baptist Church in Irmo, 7068 Nursery Rd., Columbia, 29212
When: 6-8 PM
Meet the Ref!
August 20- learn what basketball looks like from behind the whistle!
Where: First Baptist Church in Irmo
When: 6-8 PM
Defensive Skills:
August 27 and September 3- learn how to defend your ball and make your baskets.
Where: First Presbyterian Church, 1324 Marion St., Columbia, 29201
When: 4-6 PM
Improve and reinforce fundamental skills:
September 10 come work out with Coach Herbert Lee Davis. Check out the possibilities at HoopCitySC.com.
Where: First Baptist Church in Irmo
When: 6-8 PM
Cost is $10 per session per player. Come to the first 5 sessions and the 6th one is free!
Questions: Contact Tammy Wood at email@example.com


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Hi there, you have stumbled upon andrewandlee.com, blog for Li-Shann & Andrew Tomchik. This was once a wedding site and is now a digital journal of our journey ♥
When I found out that I was pregnant, right away I knew that I wanted to do a newborn photo ….Read the rest of this entry
I'm sure every mother has faced this issue of baby sleeping during the day and bright eyed at night. For ….Read the rest of this entry
Wow 1 month flew by so quickly, can't believe that Arya is 5 weeks old today. I'm not going to ….Read the rest of this entry


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Pwedepa.ph Negosyo community is a FREE online advertising (advertisement) site focused on Sellers ,Customers, products, services and their connection(C2C). We would like to give you,the Filipinos, all the best and latest tech for FREE, so you can Sell New or Used items and do a lot lot more with ease and freedom. We combined several major platforms such as social media, E-commerce, e-market place ,online classified ads and integrated it in to one website, pwdepa.ph
You can advertise(advertisement),buy and sell new and used products, Post Products Online, Sell vehicles, cars, automotive, post Rentals, Business Opportunities, Services, Property and more.
What's great about pwedepa.ph is our feed system. When you post your product, it can be seen by everybody on the community on their very own NEGOFEED, plus THE PAMILIHAN, , after it has been approved and checked. So now Customers or Sellers can Post Status or Product Updates Directly on Everybody's Timeline or it is viewable on everybody's "nego-feed" when they sign in. Now that's what we call connection.
Pwedepa.ph is a negosyo community so you can add and invite friends. Send Private messages. You can Post your Status, Events, share files, create links,share photos, create polls ,create videos and of course sell products for sale and advertise.
You can mark items as pwede or pwedeng pwede to show your appreciation. You can also Create Albums,Create a Page for yourself or for business,Create Events for a party or social gathering, you can create Groups for your company, product or just about anything
Pwedepa is a highly complex, full of features and most specially designed to help filipinos. We are giving away a lot of stuff to get people to connect with each other. We have daily cell phone load draws, weekly cell phone give aways and you simply have to like, share and other to earn buying points. That's right you don't need to buy to earn pwedep points (buying points).


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Taxonomies introduce a hierarchical form of organizing content Post Types. When you publish new content to a Post Type, it is organized into one giant list, and after a while can become hard to find individual content. That's why organizing content into different Taxonomies can add substructures within the Post Type to make finding content easier.
The simplest example is WordPress' default Taxonomy structure also known as Categories. You can organize blog posts into categories to make it easy for your reader's to sort through your content and find what is most relevant to them.


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NEW DELHI: More than 4,500 sex workers live in the dingy lanes off Swami Shradhanand Marg in the national capital's Chandni Chowk constituency. It's one dark corner that politicians generally skip. But as campaigning reaches fever pitch for polling here on April 10 some party workers have come by distributing voter slips.
Move out of the capital and similar stories of neglect, violence, deprivation and denial abound among sex workers. Angry voices cry out from Mumbai's Kamatipura, Sonagachhi in Kolkata and grimy redlight districts of other cities where the aware struggle to rise above their wretched conditions and make their presence known as human beings – just like others in the mainstream.
Fed up over neglect, these elections, probably for the
first time ever, rights groups led by sex workers are exploring the option of pressing the NOTA button across the country. Why won't they? Sex workers don't figure on any political party's manifesto.
There's no official data on their exact numbers. In fact, the only available data comes from a 2004 study by Gram Niyojan Kendra for the Union women and child development ministry. It puts their numbers nationally at over 28 lakh .
TOI met some of them to give a voice to their demands. At Delhi's GB Road about 2,000 sex workers are enrolled as voters. At NGO Shakti Vahini's office, sex workers had converged to discuss their demands. Asked about the polls, many raised their hands to say they had voter cards. "Just before the polls, parties carry out padyatras, sometimes party workers drop by with voter slips. That's all. After elections, no one enters our locality," a sex worker Maya (name changed) says.
She's lived in G B Road for 25 years and belongs to a poor Kolhapur family. She has a grown-up son who knows nothing about her work. She worries for her future as her son doesn't want her to move in with him when he marries. Alone and ageing, Maya says she and many like her will end up on the streets. "We must be given a pension," she says. Others join in to say they know nothing about government schemes and they can't venture out for fear of the brothel owners.
An initiative by the Wada Toro Abhiyan to draw up a charter of sex workers' demands as part of the process of developing a "Peoples Manifesto" saw women from the Kolkata red light districts of Kalighat, Sonagachhi and Bowbazar demand rehabilitation for those who want to join the mainstream.
Many want to leave the sex trade and lead dignified lives. "A rehabilitation plan should be declared," the charter says.
Move out of the capital and similar stories of neglect, violence, deprivation and denial abound among sex workers. Angry voic ..


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WE Gladstone, Prime Minister of Great Britain and Ireland - Part Three
Created | Updated Mar 31, 2007
This entry forms the third part of a three-part series looking at the life of William Gladstone, the religious-minded illustrious politician who dominated British Politics in the 19th Century.
Gladstone and Queen Victoria
In 1846 the Queen invited Gladstone to bring his wife and children to Buckingham Palace where the Princes and Princesses played with the Gladstone children. This is an image that was to become overshadowed by Victoria's later actions when she would refuse to have audiences with him and leave him out of events against all sense of protocol. Even in the end, she refused to acknowledge his death in the Court Circular, despite the fact that the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York1 acted as two of the ten pall bearers for his coffin. So what did lead to this schism between the monarch and the man who served as her Prime Minister during four terms, for a total of 11 and a half years?
Gladstone was a man to whom everything was black and white, right or wrong. He may have changed his view on a number of topics through the course of his life, but once he had his mind set on a course of action he was set. So, when a problem arose with the unpopularity of the royal family, Gladstone thought about how best to preserve that institution much as he had already done throughout his life for the Church of England. The Queen may have started her life-long mourning for Prince Albert, her consort, but Gladstone felt that to offset the growing feeling of Republicanism that had spread from Europe to British shores, some presence needed to be felt.
He recommended initially that the Prince of Wales should be given a job to do; his suggestion was that he should serve as Governor of Ireland and spend at least two months of the year residing at Dublin Castle. He later added that he felt that the Prince and Princess of Wales should spend time in London acting on behalf of Her Majesty as she was not attending public engagements at all. Gladstone went about presenting these ideas in his typical headstrong manner while the Queen became increasingly tired of his incessant badgering of her about the issue.
His Speeches and Lifelong Crusades
Gladstone's maiden speech in the House of Commons was in defence of his father and the treatment of his slaves during a debate on the emancipation of slaves. His brother Thomas was able to answer an accusation by Lord Howick2 that John Gladstone was systematically working his slaves to death. It was a long drawn-out debate and Gladstone wasn't called for over three weeks. In his response, he cited facts and figures to prove his father's innocence but also urged the need for a gradual and therefore safe emancipation of the slaves enabling them to be able to adjust to life without masters. From the first speech the young Gladstone had already caught the attention of some of the older political hands. These old hands included Lord Stanley and Sir Robert Peel, and even George IV wrote to the leader of the House of Commons expressing an interest.
Gladstone spent most of his life trying to 'rescue' the prostitutes of London. The way he went about this was always open to misinterpretation as he would wander the streets talking to prostitutes, trying to persuade them to come to one of his half-way houses in an attempt to set them on the straight and Christian path. During the 19th Century this approach would have had serious implications for anyone, never mind someone of such a high public profile, not just in terms of safety but also in terms of reputation. Several times there were concerns from within his own party that Gladstone should refrain from having such a close personal involvement in these projects especially as he carried on once he was Prime Minister.
Gladstone and the Church
Gladstone was brought up in a Christian household and everywhere he travelled he tried to get to as many Anglican or Episcopal services as he could, sometimes going to more than one service a day, even on weekdays. While at Eton he considered that the future lay in the Church but while in Rome on his tour of Europe and at Oxford he came to the conclusion that he would best serve God in the political field (although he did write a number of sermons which he shared with his family at their prayer time). He attributed his longevity - both in life and in Parliament - to God having one more important task for him to complete.
From this background then it is hardly surprising that Gladstone took a keen interest in the institutional ramifications of the Church of England being so closely tied to the State.
Gladstone and Ireland
Gladstone only visited Ireland once in his long and illustrious life. However, it did not prevent the whole issue of Ireland featuring significantly in his long political career. The whole dilemma of Irish Home Rule was starting to crescendo at the time that Gladstone first took a seat in the House. Little would he know that the subject he fought for so earnestly for years would still be a raging issue over 100 years after his death.
The first time that Gladstone got involved in Irish issues was not in connection with Home Rule but with his other life-long concern, the church. During his first administration he disestablished the Irish Church (1869), something he had felt strongly about since his first term as an MP. The fact that the Church in Ireland was paying money to the Government in London had been seen by Gladstone and others as one of the thorns in the Irish situation which was leading to all the tension and potential violence against the English landowners. The fact that most of the government including Gladstone had never visited Ireland and had seen the situation on the ground and the conditions of the tenant farmers, was something that had never really been addressed since the repeal of the Corn Laws.
Gladstone also produced an Irish Land Act in 1870 allowing compensation for improvements to tenants evicted by their landlords.
Gladstone's Personal Life
Following the ascension of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837 Gladstone was returned unopposed for his seat in Newark. However, he spent the remainder of the term of that parliament looking for a suitable young woman to consent to marry him. He was not the world's greatest suitor suffering a number of refusals before Catherine Glynne agreed to marry him. The service took place along with that of her younger sister Mary Glynne to Lord Lyttleton on 25 July, 1839, at Hawarden the Glynne family home in Flintshire, North Wales. Sir Stephen Glynne, the brides' brother, was Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire and was to become a close friend of Gladstone.
William and Catherine Gladstone were to have eight children; William, Agnes, Helen, Henry, Herbert, Mary, Catherine Jessie and John. William, Herbert and John all followed their father into parliament; John becoming Home Secretary from 11 December, 1905, until 19 February, 1910.
Gladstone the Author
One of Gladstone's legacies was the amount of written material he was able to produce throughout his life, not only various books on political, religious and classical themes but also the largest collection of letters held from any Prime Minister by the British Museum in its collection. He also wrote a vast range of personal correspondence, much of which is still in the library he had built at Hawanden, as well as extensive diaries. As will be expected of such a prolific statesman most of his writing not relating to events of the day was carried out while he was out of Government and sitting on the opposition benches.
In opposition for the first time following the defeat of Peel's government in January 1835 and between thinking of marriage, Gladstone did some study on the state of relations between the Church and the State. His first book, The State and its Relations with the Church, was published in July 1838, signalling the start of Gladstone's continued interest in the Church and State debate and whether or not the Anglican Church should be disestablished. In 1840 he revised it making it almost twice the length3 before he expanded the theme in a new book Church Principles Considered in Their Results.
He was later to try and correlate the works of Homer with Christian teaching in a series of books that most Greek Scholars and Theologians dismissed as fanciful. His first book on the subject Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age (1858) was followed and enlarged upon in 1869 in Juventus Mundi and Homeric Synchronism in 1876. In each of these he maintained a belief in a personal Homer and that Homer was recounting factually all the events of the Trojan War. By linking Homer with Christian teachings he was also trying to justify classical studies as having a valid basis in Christian education, a thought at the time condoned by the Church.
He was also deeply concerned about the situation that was brewing in Europe, especially Italy, which he had visited extensively, and the Balkans4 and produced a pamphlet Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East (1876).
Reforms Brought About by Gladstone
As well as the Finance Bill, which he introduced as Chancellor to ease the budget through both Houses more easily, Gladstone was responsible for a number of important reforms to government and the nation as a whole.
The 1867 Reform Act may have allowed a great number of working class men the vote; all male lodgers paying £10 for unfurnished rooms in a Borough Constituency now had a vote, making them the majority. But employers still used their sway over their employees to influence the vote, by being present or sending representation to check on votes. In 1872, Gladstone introduced the Ballot Act which instituted secret ballots for all local and government elections. At last the employers would have no idea how the votes were going, another part of the electoral reform that was advancing towards the current situation of electoral law.
In 1880, having been returned for a third time, he tried to extend the working class vote to the rural seats as well. Though initially accepted in the Commons, the Lords rejected this Bill, but in 1884 they accepted it when Gladstone re-introduced the Bill providing that it came in with a redistribution of seats. He also passed at this time a Corrupt Practices Act, which limited the amount that candidates could spend on a campaign. It also banned the purchase of food and drink for voters as well as setting a limit on the number of vehicles that could be used to transport voters to the polls.
In 1870, along with his Education Minister, Gladstone worked an Education Act through Parliament which saw the introduction of schools boards throughout Britain.
In 1868 he also passed laws which restructured the high courts.


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Stay at this convention center hotel, just 15 minutes from downtown Seoul. Unwind in a spacious deluxe room or suite and enjoy high-speed and WiFi internet access. Choose an executive room for Executive Lounge access with complimentary breakfast and refreshments.
Enjoy a choice of seven restaurants and bars at this Seoul hotel. Dine on Asian and international cuisine at Atrium Café. Savor Japanese favorites at Mitsumomo or Cantonese and Szechuan cuisine at Yeohyang. Sample 160 different international dishes at the Buffet Restaurant. Unwind with a glass of wine and cheese selection at the Terrace Lounge. This Seoul bar boasts floor-to-ceiling windows with garden and city views. Relax on a leather armchair in front of the fireplace and sip after-dinner drinks at the Member's Club. This cigar lounge serves international snacks, including American burgers and South Korean spicy chop steaks.
Maintain a healthy fitness regime throughout your stay in Seoul. Work out at the fitness centre or rejuvenate at the spa. The gym offers the latest cardiovascular and weight equipment. Swim lengths of the indoor pool and unwind in the whirlpool or sauna. Kids will love the playground and the kids' pool.
Organize an event at the hotel or at the adjacent Convention Center, accommodating up to 2,500 guests. Select from a range of flexible meeting rooms for business or social events including the Grand Ballroom and Convention Hall.
- Hilton Deluxe
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- Hilton Superior
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- Hilton Ondol Suite
- Hilton Junior Suite
- Hilton Executive Suite
- Hilton Presidential Suite


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Absima 1:16 Monster Truck SPIRIT black/blue 4WD RTR
Ref: 16002
Discover the RC model sport with the "First Step Performance" from Absima. More than 35 KM/H and power to the max you will get with this awesome model. Of course you will be supported by real RC model technique. A safe 2.4 GHz remote control system supports the 40A electronic speed controller to release the power at your command. Small, fine, and mean! Take the first step into the world of RC model sport with this ready-to-run set.
Enjoying real RC racing with the 1/16 4WD RC car, you can get started quickly and handle it like a master. Competing with other advanced RC car lovers and enjoying the exciting racing on the street, in your backyard or in the woods!.
- Water-resistant Electronic
- Incl. Car Battery and USB Charging Cable
- Incl. LED Headlights
- 1/16th Scale
- Complete Ball Bearing
- 1.8kg Steering Servo
- Front & Rear Differentials
- Differential gears and motor pinion made from metal
- Shocks with Aluminum Caps
- High Performance Motor and Speed Controller
- CVD Drive Shafts
- Range aprox. 60m
- Drive Time: aprox. 12 Minutes
- Aluminum Cardan Shafts
- Adjustable Speed on the Radio
- Overheat Protection
- Incl. LED Headlights
- Incl. 2.4 GHz Radio System
- Partly clear bodyshell for style and customization
- Overcharge & Over-discharge Protection
- 500mAh Li-Ion Car Battery
- Measure: (L/W/H): 270 x 235 x 130 mm
- Weight : 730g
- Wheelbase: 175 mm
- Chassis Clearance: 45 mm
- Track Width: 190 mm front/rear
- Wheel Design: Monster Rubber / 5 Double Spoke Rims
- Tire Width: 45 mm
- Reifen Ø: ± 80 mm
- Shock Oil Viscosity : n.a.
- Shock Spring Force: Medium
- Shock Instalation Length: 65 mm front/rear
- 1/16th RC Car
- 2.4 GHz Radio System
- Car Battery
- USB Charging Cable
- LED Headligths
- Manual
- 3 AA Cells for Radio


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Coming Soon! THE LAST DARK by Stephen R. Donaldson, The Climax of the Entire "Thomas Covenant Chronicles"
Del Rey unveiled the cover and synopsis of the final entry in Stephen R. Donaldson's Thomas Covenant Chronicles. Here's the synopsis of The Last Dark, arriving October 15, 2013:
Here's the synopsis:
Compelled step by step to actions whose consequences they could neither see nor prevent, Thomas Covenant and Linden Avery have fought for what they love in the magical reality known only as "the Land." Now they face their final crisis. Reunited after their separate struggles, they discover in each other their true power–and yet they cannot imagine how to stop the Worm of the World's End from unmaking Time. Nevertheless they must resist the ruin of all things, giving their last strength in the service of the world's continuance.
But wait! there's more!
Read Chapter 3 of The Last Dark at Stephen R. Donaldson's website!
Book info as per Amazon US [Also available via Amazon UK]:
- Hardcover: 688 pages
- Publisher: Putnam Adult (October 15, 2013)