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Home > Mary Phagan Leo Frank murder arrest....
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Mary Phagan Leo Frank murder arrest....
Item # 573971
May 1, 1913
THE ATLANTA CONSTITUTION, Georgia GA May 1, 1913
* Mary Phagan murder investigation
* Leo Frank - Jewish American
* From the city where it happened
This 16 page newspaper has a two column headline on the front page:
with subheads. (see)
Tells of the recent murder of young Mary Phagan and the ongoing investigation which has Leo Frank as the main suspect since he was the last to see her alive.
Having newspaper reports from the city where events happen are always the best to have and in this case the post murder reporting were probably only published in Altanta newspapers. (rare)
A one of a kind issue ?
Other news of the day. Light browning with a small address label on front page and little margin wear, otherwise good.
wikipedia notes: Leo Max Frank (April 17, 1884 – August 17, 1915) was an American man who became the only known Jew to be lynched on American soil. The manager of his uncle's pencil factory in Atlanta, Georgia, Frank was convicted in the rape and murder of one of his factory workers, 13-year-old Mary Phagan. The case is widely regarded as having been a miscarriage of justice. It was the focus of many conflicting cultural pressures, and the jury's conclusion represented in part, class and regional resentment of educated Northern industrialists who were perceived to be wielding too much power in the South, threatening southern culture and morality. The trial was sensationalized by the media. The Georgia politician and publisher Tom Watson used the case to build personal political power and support for a revival of the Ku Klux Klan.
Shortly after Frank's conviction, new evidence emerged that cast doubt on his guilt. After the governor commuted his death sentence to life imprisonment, Frank was kidnapped from prison and lynched by a group of prominent citizens who called themselves the "Knights of Mary Phagan." The mob was reported to have included the son of a senator, a former governor, lawyers, and a prosecutor.
In response to the Frank case, the Bnai Brith founded the Anti-Defamation League in 1913. Ultimately, in 1986, Georgia granted Frank a pardon.
Category: The 20th Century


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European Commission scientists have uncovered evidence of carmakers manipulating the results of a new test for CO2 emissions, show documents obtained by Transport & Environment.
Less than three years after the Dieselgate NOx emissions scandal, the car industry is now inflating its CO2/fuel economy results, which could reduce the stringency of its 2025 CO2 targets by more than half as the new levels are based on reductions from published figures obtained in current tests.
In this way they will be able to sell fewer electric cars and more diesel vehicles while still hitting their targets, extending the sales of polluting vehicles while delaying expenditure on electric investment and models while motorists are slow to convert to low carbon alternatives.
The EU regulates carbon dioxide emissions from new cars through its CO2 standards and has set carmakers a target of 95g of CO2 per km in 2021.
In its 2017 proposal for 2025 standards the Commission decided not to propose a new grams-based target but instead to require a 15% cut compared to carmakers' emissions in 2021, which will be measured in the new WLTP emissions test.
As a result carmakers can weaken the stringency of their 2025 CO2 targets by inflating CO2 results in the WLTP, but still meet the current 2020/21 standards which are based on the old NEDC test.
The Commission documents show that in tests carmakers are switching off the start-stop function. They are also adjusting the gear-shift patterns and using depleted batteries to burn more fuel and emit more CO2.
In addition carmakers are declaring higher values than they actually measure, again inflating the official emission values. The Commission found that: "As a result, the targets for 2025 and 2030 would also be weakened due to the inflated 2021 starting point. This would de facto reduce the level of ambition…"
William Todts, executive director at T&E, said, "After Dieselgate carmakers promised to change and that new tests were the solution. Now it's clear they're using these new tests to undermine the already weak CO2 standards. They want to meet these with minimal effort so they can keep selling diesels and delay the shift to electric cars. It's a sad reminder the car industry wants to stay in the past and cannot be trusted."
As higher CO2 emissions will result in higher taxes being levied on a vehicle, there is a risk for each carmaker that their cars will be taxed higher than their competitors. To maintain a level playfield, there would need to have been collusion between all car manufacturers to inflate their CO2 values. Brussels is already probing carmaker collusion on a wide range of technology, and last week a report in Germany suggested the cartel investigation was being extended to particulate emissions from petrol engines.
William Todts concluded: "The only way this trick can work is if all carmakers work together. The Commission must extend the ongoing cartel enquiries to investigate whether there has been collusion here. Just fixing the baseline problem isn't enough, There needs to be sanctions to end the industry's endemic cheating and collusion."


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One of my regular commenters here at Aussielicious noted on my post about bad boys that he would rather a guy with a smile. While I don't think there is a rule that bad boys can't smile I do agree with him. I am naturally more attracted to a guy that smiles a lot. There are a lot of people out and about these days that look like life has beaten them down into submission and they may never smile again.
Look at all these guys, they look fantastic with a big genuine smile on their face. I get that life is stressful and a pain in the arse at times, but I'm challenging everyone to try and find something to smile about every day. That also extends to the happy video project. I've only received two submissions so far. It's not going to be much of a video if people don't join in! Thanks to Artistry of Male for these images.


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Like last year about this time, we say again the bitter goodbye. We`ll be back, that's for sure, but always it`s hard to say goodbye to the good people, to your peers, those who every day have been there.
We started a second season being six to move quickly to four members. Believe me when I say that having two fewer people to share the work its difficult. However, setbacks did not end there .
Because insults , criticism in personal levels , continuous harassment, my three companions decided to leave the community . Do not lie saying that I understood them perfectly . We created this page , this haven , to provide a place to all those who love the multiplayer of Assassin`s Creed , trying to give them more so they could enjoy the game better. A place to have fun and make friends. No hard feelings . In fact , we believed that the absence of real prizes facilitate the fair play and fellowship. As you know, it has not always been so. Insults and harassment received by these players who called themselves "trollers", to mask their behavior, was brutal . Even going beyond mere legal limits and sanity. Not surprisingly, there are three open sues against them . These people, even if they try to excuse in a modern gamer jargon , they are just abusers and criminals.
However, they say that in times of desolation is where the heroes born, and it was. So from here, I want to thank JkRo3_x , LordLoL23 , TheMcMota , Hidar_The _Templar and especially to turuk_mak_tok , without whose involvement , advice and support I would never have continued . They are the soul of the community, who truly composing . I owe you all, because without you , we would not exist today .
But like them, there are other players who have been strength and inspiration , the ones who, when we saw no solution , we tended a hand . Noble people who have reminded me that there are still good people out there. They are yunafantasy , TSMTH , AmandaLinus , Ganikas and Glocc - B145 . Guys, do not know how to tell you how important you are , much as those who took the web or more . I am eternally grateful . From heart.
Like our scouts. We have over 21 players this year sending profiles , analysis, commentaries , ... Even until yesterday, although I told we did not need more because we don`t gonna publish more profiles this season, they still doing their work.
THANKS GUYS . Thanks to your hard work and effort we have over 800 profiles. BRUTAL .
And I do not forget someone very special. Darksoul , or dark_portu , who joined at mid- journey and gradually , like many, also moved away . But that does not diminish the importance to his work in the community. The time he decided to be with us was an active and committed , idealistic and creative member. He laid the foundation of the Abstergo League and he led the competition for several weeks. I do not know what happened to you , my friend, but if you read this, from here I send you a big hug. We do not forget the good people .
As I say , one year somewhat difficult but exciting .
It took to start due to family issues I had to solve , which led to several members decided to seek thrills and games on its own . Others, like a good friend and his girlfriend decided to leave us for some misunderstandings and differences of opinion. But all of them ALWAYS be in our memories and will ALWAYS have our doors open . It misses you , my friends. At least I do.
I still remember the first tournaments of 2013 , full of new players and ingenious rules . Tournaments created and designed by gamers themselves , without any intervention mine. A true example of what has always tried to be this community , a place where players have the freedom to change things at will. Those first steps left champions like LordLoL23, KingOfSuth DieGo-_25 and bigsene94 , and introduced us to other great players as SLICK_RICK_RULES and TEOmeansGOD .
Deathmatch and Artifact Assault Tournaments, Europa Cup and America Cup with DivineSerenity , LordLoL23 , woodbok and ECUADORIAN_SNIPE as winners respectively marked a time of emotions that served as a prelude to the classic World Series.
Like every summer , the championship for national teams took the patriotic spirit within us and made us fight to the death for our team , our honor, our country. Players from many corners of the world signed up to the event , which this year also expanded to individual simulations . As always, it left the resentments , anger , the typical and charming indignation of javiiii1994, disappointments , joys , criticism to the staff, ...
Artifact Assault leave us a Mexico EXCEPTIONAL . Possibly the best team at Artifact Assault that ever lived . Maverickt55 , Tito_Spartano , EdUaRdO_HoUsE , and William BeatifulAgony17 8-6. Simply amazing.
But it was also memorable Greek with vazelas13, thanisos , DisCJocKey-Nos94 , giannisforce , psyc17 and lazospanos , the big surprise , who could not play the final for not reading the rules. That game would have been a delight . Or Italy, the true subchampions for many users, with that dream squadra with savi - diego71 , NIKOWINTER , Alex - Ghiroldi , playisnow and p__20.
Manhunt had two clear favorites : USA and Poland , and they staged a finale where the trio formed by stepanyan13 , Siwy192 and Marta192 was winner. An undefeated team in the tournament. USA , meanwhile , only lost one game, the final, but their career was impeccable . GirlAssassin23 , xXGOATGOD , NAVID4ASSASSIN , mungaman13 and ghigho555 have demonstrated fair game, honor and elegance.
Individual tournaments were also exciting. Their champions , yunafantasy in Assassinate, jackz_483 in Wanted and Deathmatch with raul8piper made clear in their games because they won those titles . Simply they had no rivals .
Stepanyan13 's reign followed a few months with a strong presence in the Abstergo League and subsequent Kumite Tournamente Assassinate 1vs1. Allies in Arms was created for the request of many players who won ECUADORIAN_SNIPE , SnowBall7AC , god44leo and vetodark.
With The Hunger Games, a tournament with knockout stages like we did in Revelations, we close the chapter of championships. A interactive and interesting tournament, full of surprises , which won raul8piper .
But not only have done 10 tournaments and a World Series with Artifact Assault , Manhunt , Wanted , Assassinate and Deathmatch. We did 6 Abstergo Missions, 1 RPG Abstergo Mission, World Domination and Abstergo League! Not to mention the usual appointment with The League of Impostors . 56 Championships dates in 9 intense months in which we have made the animus our home.
But I always said the same, all this could not be achieved , it would not have sense , but for you. Because this community is born and dies by the players who enter it , participating in its games. You, who make this possible, are the real stars , and that's what we have always wanted to try: give prominence to the players, their merits , make you feel special. You are the owners of the community , you are The Templar Files.
We owe it to dedicated , kind-hearted players who likemake friends and have fun. Authentic heroes and champions who have always tended their hands. From here, to yunafantasy, Ganikas, ECUADORIAN_SNIPE, LordLoL23, TheMcMota, stepanyan13, raul8piper, Aura_Kurai, Jelko_Boy, rai_bd, chica-rai, KingOfSuth, Cyllan_, lilwicked_one06, AmandaLinus, DivineSerenity, siwy192, Tito_Spartano, Maverickt55, DasMoe, DieGo-_25, marta192, bigsene94, kurt-_-c0bain-, jorgsuu, EdUaRdO_HoUsE, BeatifulAgony17, William8-6, jackz_483, GLOCC-B145, god44leo, giannisforce, AtorvoXX, woodbok, j-o-n-a-s-1_0, CAPITAN_ENSALADA, TEOmeansGOD, turuk_mak_tok, javiiii1994, juacho_92, Sandrita_93, chikita_kalzada, GirlAssassin23, DiscJoCkey-Nos94, GamerPrince1998, xXGOATGOD, mangaman13, ghigo555, NAVID4ASSASSIN, lazospanos, vazelas13, thanisos, SnowBall7AC, vetodark, psyc217, geografiahumana, SonGokuDrac, Yrena_87, theDARK-Knight48, danielle21xp, SLICK_RICK_RULES, Sidekix47, el_tony_pacheco, golftur_lrt18, matn97, ramonxuu, warhead1566, Yang_Leon, julianitabp02189, DiosDeGuerra_Kra, stevenh11, Arcane1122, mediumcola7, Anima012, piratamadrid, AltairAC3, DESTRIPADORCABJ1, Evil-Shadaws, jorgeflint44, Gzal-0, Devil_Assass1n, lordalphonse, ILuvYen, Deadly_Blade_94, andryoraz, Dahag83, darkangel-play, GHOSTNINJA8121, The_StartUp, Josue22784, dark_portu, xxLilZeuZxx, Alex-Ghiroldi, CreedSilentHill, xSS_DaRk, Theris_94, DogPlatoon, Khrizali, markitos1204, Ezio_mex, AllnVain, MikeNC4Ever, Nestor_AndresEC, ShadowShiel96, Uriel12009DX, RJ7684, patel_00, Truth-About-Love, truerizenrebirth, emersonmendoza, dark_of_souls, DJ_PLAYERO_23, TheEagleSpirit, Kaceyputz13,le_genieAnthony, darkassassin9426, mzdeathstar7, mtratchet16, brubrebiel, DaNaReD-Q8, toxicwaste24, GUNDAMOO2225, AleeeTheMax-, Sacha_Baron, alexpo_valle, wowshadimax, Roland_Sebastian, rafl666, KubenPL, anysimirok, maniusPL, BigBetySwollocks, GAKattak, Greek-chief, kratos-paco_14, Vegetux100, Pauselle, too_complicated, BEL_KING, Pabs91, vega1984, KrauzerHellsing, Bernardillo, Adihawk, benja1996bely, XSOLDADO-c500X, lesterdc, MaxKnight94, angelito_16_cai, alvinlulu40, liderasesino11, g32pOcOyO, Devil_Jeff_35, Irene_k, Ancer-_-, Castagordo, annemkatoka, ezeofor, Julian_Monzon, Asmita-BR, Rockdderyk, Drakuaza, MATHIAS_JAPAN, GodFatherZeus, banael123, BlomskiRules, evry-daysmoka, geo1185, Luke_Uglow, The-Cold-Winter, Ajkm19, ashiimckgee, danielamopez, Fire_Blaze_13, love999cats, Mamba-Nero95, Marvel_woman, NEO-SCORPION, sergyvk, SKULLXgsd, WildCat241, Zombie-Turtles,luisdavid27,cjaka4eyes, suerte202, incombustible1, Ivansito91, anysimirok,… to all of them, above all, to all of you who have been here, THANKS FOR HEART.
I think it's a moment of joy, memories and self-criticism . But , above all, a time to try to overcome. And that we do ourselves.
It opens before us a new stage, a new Animus in Black Flag full of surprises and possibilities with the GameLab , and we look forward to The Templar Files will be an important part of the that entire season.
Because thanks to you again we have exceeded our expectations. We promise to keep working hard to make you feel proud to belong to this community. We will be better , we will be bigger and , above all, we will be yours.
In a couple of weeks , we will back again with new surprises , new challenges and a website completely renovated.
But before finishing , we wanna say that if anyone ever was offended by something we have done or said, from here we send my sincere apologies . We do not want to insult or hurt , just meeting people and having fun, and those players who had been played with us can give a good account of it. So again, if we ever have done something bad, WE ARE SORRY.
Thanks for your support and confidence. To each all of you, no exceptions.
The Templar Files staff.
October 05, 2013
Like last year about this time, we say again the bitter goodbye. We`ll be back, that's for sure, but always it`s hard to say goodbye to the good people, to your peers, those who every day have been there.
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Hussong, A.M., Ennett, W., Cox, M., & Haroon, M. (2017, online). A systematic review of the unique prospective association of negative affect symptoms and substance use controlling for externalizing symptoms. Psychology of Addictive Behavior.
Gottfredson, N.., Hussong, A.M., Ennett, S.T., & Rothenberg, W.A. (2017, online). The role of parental engagement in the inter-generational transmission of smoking identity. Journal of Adolescent Health.


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Added by Rubix Fountain. Sex makes you less holy in God's eyes. Kaley cuoco leaked nude pics. And, since the Aztec empire existed for over years, did overall attitudes change, like how America has had its own sex revolutions? Were they all conservative for the same reason? Enter an amount that is equal or greater than the minimum bid required. This opens the door to a wider topic: At one end of the spectrum, I've seen articles mostly unprofessional ones suggest that the Aztecs were a very sexually liberated people.
This also plays into the idea that he must be a model for those around him, both in his individual bearing and his management of his responsibilities towards family and community.
This girl was pretty cute, but it turns out she had a really bomb personality. Nude aztec women. Then the driver notified us that it was our stop. You may also like. Naturally I wanted to see my girl with the amazing personality.
It was an amazing day and that night in the subway was one of the hardest goodbyes I have ever had with a girl. They also appeared to use lots of circular architectural features, which is a tad unusual but not really surprising given that they're on the edge of Mesoamerica. Lesbian navel kiss. Sign up for exclusive sales and product news.
The Medb hErenn Universe is a work of fiction. If you're looking at groups in the central portion of the Central Mexican Plateau AD, then they were on average not counting individual variation very conservative when it came to sex. As in, were there congregated groups of people identified by their collective liberalism or conservatism?
Hieroglyphic inscriptions don't frequently mention sex, so it wasn't something they liked to talk about on official inscriptions. The Huastecs, for example, felt it was completely acceptable to walk around naked. Obedient, honest, intelligent, discreet, of good memory, modest, respectful, well reared, well taught, well trained, well instructedprudent, chaste, circumspect.
Like Us on Facebook. What do the answers to these speak of about the overall political environment of the Aztecs? No vouchercode required, price is automatically adjusted. Other major ethnicities also existed including the Acolhua and Tlaxcaltec.
It may also simply reflect social standards that -- no matter their murky origin -- have become an aspect of proper standing withing a culture. Activists raise abortion display near Hepner.
Sex was somewhat demeaning towards women.
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And, since the Aztec empire existed for over years, did overall attitudes change, like how America has had its own sex revolutions?
This is tough to get at due to the relative lack of sources. First bbc milf. When I was back in the states I accidentally started talking to a girl from Mexico City that I met online. Many of the major gods like Quetzalcoatl or Tezcatlipoca would have been recognizable from one city to another, but Mesoamerican religion is a very fractious and idiosyncratic thing. After talking every night for about two months, getting her naked on camera, and dozens of hours of talking, she was putting up LMR.
That's about years after the collapse of the Classic period centers. The discount is valid on Products ordered on our local Reebok. It would be in a park in Centro Historico. She only sent me modelling photos that usually means nothing but I was a fan.
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There were several Mesoamerican cultures where it was acceptable for women to go topless, and some of these were part of the Aztec tributary system. Nude aztec women. Pokemon nude sex. The sex was amazing, in part, because I genuinely really like this girl. Free personalisation Promotion valid on selected articles. If you still wish to bid, you may do so below. I didn't know whether to break all of the individual inquiries into separate posts or keep them together since they follow a sort of stream of consciousness.
Let's read some more Sahagun, this time his description of the god Tezcatlipoca:. Similar attributes applied to young women as well: Home Copyright Policy What's New? The attempt failed miserably. View all photos from inside the chest, circa Avoiding Regret. But sometimes he bestowed riches -- wealth, heroism, valor, positions of dignity, rulership, nobility, honor. By sending a naked picture she invests in you and is much more likely to remain with feelings for you.
It really made me appreciate her more that she did put up some LMR after everything though, it meant that other guys have most likely gotten a similar wall when going for sex. Okay, so this is an incredibly complicated topic. Kaley cuoco fake naked. Thanks for the post.
Masturbators were treated with agonizing, humiliating corporal punishment, particularly women. The Nahuas believed that the destiny of man in the beyond depended on only the inexorable will of Ometeotl.
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Q. What is the cost of education overseas vis-a-vis Indian Private College?
Fees for MD program is USD 8000 per annum and American MD program fees is USD 13500 per annum . Education is much cheaper than private Indian Colleges which charges huge donation other than the fees.
Q. Are the medical degrees from foreign medical schools / universities recognized?
As per the amendment to the Indian Medical Act, 1956, any Indian student intending to study medicine in any medical college anywhere abroad for a graduate medical course has to obtain an eligibility certificate from the Medical Council of India, New Delhi before joining the medical college abroad. After the successful completion of the course, the student is expected to appear for a screening test conducted by the National Board of Examination (http://www.natboard.nic.in) as required by the Medical Council of India (http://www.mciindia.org) prior to the registration with the Medical Council of India. The academic requirement for the eligibility certificate as defined by the Medical Council of India for the general is an aggregate 50% marks in the Physics / Chemistry and Biology and 40% in case of the reserved category. More details could be obtained from the Medical Council of India either from their office in New Delhi or from their official website.
What is medical qualification awarded in foreign universities and what is the difference between the titles MD, MBBS or MBChB?
In Medicine, the qualification is MD or Doctor de Medicina. MBBS signifies Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery. It is the title most often given in Commonwealth nations. Another name for it is MBChB. The abbreviation comes from the Latin: Medicinae Baccalaureus et Baccalaureus Chirurgiae. MD is commonly used in the US and Canada as well as in some European nations. MD, MBBS and MBChB are all equivalent qualifications and hold the same international status.
Q. What is the screening test? How do I register with the MCI after my medical degree overseas?
After your degree overseas , you have to appear for a screening test conducted by National Board od Education (NBE), New Delhi. This is conducted twice a year, one in September and the other in March. After you pass it, you file your papers with the MCI, which will give you a registration number after which you are legally registered to practice as a medical professional in India.
Q. Is this country safe for girls?
Georgia is a safe country for girls, you will find hundreds of female students from many Asian countries.
Q. When are the holidays, can the students return go their home country?
The first holiday is January for 15 days and the second holiday falls summer which is in July and August for two months. It is upto the students to decide if they wish to return to their home country during holidays or stay back.
Q. What about accommodation and food Expenses?
Accommodation - A two bedroom hall apartment will cost approx USD 500 per month and if shared by four students. It will cost USD 125 per student approx.
Food - There are several Indian / International Restaurants near the university. Also, many Indian Restaurants are now offering mess system (3 meals) for approx USD 100 to 150 / month. This figure is approximate and would differ from city to city; person to person based on his / her living standards.
Q. What is ECTS?
European Credit Transfer System through which a students can change his/her University across Europe or European Union Countries.
Q.Does the student have to give any entrance examination for joining the university in medical abroad?
NO. Student does not have to appear for any entrance examination. The admissions are based on the 12th standard marks. All admissions are strictly on a first come first served basis.
Q. Can students get part time job in Georgia?
We do not encourage students to do part time jobs as it can affect their studies resulting in decline in their mark/scores.
Q. How do students communicate with locals?
Though locals are Georgian language,communication is not an issue as one can find, Georgian are extremely friendly and helpful.
Q. Can my parents visit me?
Yes sure. For more information on visa visit www.mfa.gov.ge
Q. How do I contact my parents or friends down in India?
Telephone and internet facilities are available all over. Students have free access to internet at university. Also students can buy mobile phone with which the can contact their friends and parents.
Q. Would anybody from Cyberrys, be there with students while travelling?
Yes. As a part of service extended from Cyberrys representative will accompany the students batch till the respective university.
Q. Can I open a Bank account overseas?
Yes, a student could open a bank account in his name.
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Chris Lorenzo
Producer, remixer and DJ, Birmingham UK's Chris Lorenzo is widely acknowledged for pioneering his hometown's emergent and increasingly popular Jackin' house come Bassline hybrid sound, which he terms simply "House & Bass".
Having built up specialist support with releases on a plethora of tastemaker labels, including Claude Von Stroke's Dirtybird label, Shadow Child & Kry Wolf's lauded Food Music and AC Slater's Night Bass, Lorenzo has also become prolific on the remix front, putting his trademark spin on the likes of Disclosure, Ed Sheeran, Rudimental, 99 Souls and A Trak to name but a few.
News of the Birmingham wunderkind has spread far and wide over the past 2 years, Lorenzo has seen both Skrillex and Steve Aoki come knocking at his door. In 2014, Skrillex turned up unannounced at Lorenzo's gig at Night Bass @ Sound in Hollywood and duly whisked him off to his studio downtown to collaborate. Shows in Europe with Skrillex followed and Steve Aoki personally requested Lorenzo's magic touch on his monster release "Delirous" feat. Kid Ink and flew Chris to play along side him at his Pacha Ibiza residency.
2015 saw a plethora of releases and collaborations from Lorenzo. His collab 'Rhymes' with Hannah Wants reached 13 in the UK national charts via Virgin Records, the collaborated with house staple Chris Lake to release through Ultra and he also dropped club fire via AC Slaters LA tastemaker imprint Night Bass.
Chris stepped out of Europe to become one of leaders of the House & Bass movement in the US. 2015 saw Billboard pick him as one of the highlights of EDC Las Vegas with his debut performance at the 400k cap venue along side shows at the Mad Decent Boat Party, Shambala and Nocturnal Wonderland.
2016 sees Lorenzo embarking on another global tour where he continues to educate crowds about his House & Bass sound as well as dropping his summer single 'I Wanna Be' with UK chart topper Katy B on Virgin Records.


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New TRAIP-binding protein, NTBP, is involved in the DNA damage response pathways
- Hongtae Kim Ph.D
- SLS Colloquia / April 5th 04:00 pm / BLDG 110 / ROOM N104
The TRAF-interacting protein (TRAIP) has been known as a key molecule in DNA damage response through its binding partners. Here we identify a ZNF as a TRAIP binding protein. ZNF colocalizes with TRAIP to the DNA damage sites. We also demonstrated that foci formation of RAD51 and RPA2 was reduced in ZNF-depleted HeLa cells. Furthermore cell death caused by the DNA damaging agent was increased in ZNF-depleted HeLa cells. So, our data demonstrates that the new TRAIP binding partner, ZNF, controls the localization of TRAIP to the DNA damage site, resulting in an increase in DNA damage response pathways and repair efficiency.


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Albion manager Mark McGhee has launched a search for a loan defender after Adam Hinshelwood was ruled out for the start of the season.
Hinshelwood was stretchered off with suspected medial knee ligament damage in the first half of last night's 1-0 pre-season win at Colchester.
The young defender missed most of last season with a cruciate injury in the same knee.
With Guy Butters already doubtful for the August 5 kick-off at Rotherham and Joel Lynch struggling with a thigh problem, McGhee has now made finding defensive cover his priority.
He said: "We suspect he (Hinshelwood) has damaged his medial ligament, which is not as serious as his cruciate but is still a terrible blow for the lad.
"It is probably weeks rather than months but it depends on the extent of the damage.
"Fingers crossed it is not a bad one but obviously we are very concerned about it.
"It is going to be the middle of next week before Joel is in full training and Guy we are not sure about so we are going to have to go away and think about it.
"I think Tommy (Elphick) is too inexperienced to go to somewhere like Rotherham so we have to be looking at some other solution, like loan players."
McGhee has decided not to pursue his interest in French trialists Jacques Williams and Zoumana Bakayoko but will have a second look at Martin Brittain and Dan McBreen at Crawley tomorrow.
Former Newcastle reserve winger Brittain played 90 minutes at Layer Road after returning from an unsuccessful trial at Hull.
He had earlier played in the opening game of pre-season at Worthing earlier this month. Australian McBreen, a 29-year-old who has played in Scotland with Falkirk and in Romania, set up the winning goal for Colin Kazim-Richards after coming on in the second half.
McGhee said: "I like Martin a lot. He is very short of match fitness and he needed that game. He will get another 90 minutes against Crawley.
"With Dan McBreen, no ball went unchallenged that he was in the vicinity of. He never gave the centre halves the opportunity to get a free header and I like the look of that. We need to see more of him.


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- Research article
- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
Alcohol marketing and drunkenness among students in the Philippines: findings from the nationally representative Global School-based Student Health Survey
- Monica H Swahn1Email author,
- Jane B Palmier1,
- Agnes Benegas-Segarra2 and
- Fe A Sinson2
© Swahn et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013
- Received: 24 June 2013
- Accepted: 26 November 2013
- Published: 10 December 2013
A largely unaddressed issue in lower income countries and the Philippines, in particular, is the role of alcohol marketing and its potential link to early alcohol use among youth. This study examines the associations between exposures to alcohol marketing and Filipino youths' drinking prevalence and drunkenness.
Cross-sectional analyses were used to examine the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Philippines (2011). The self-administered questionnaires were completed by students primarily 13 to 16 years of age (N = 5290). Three statistical models were computed to test the associations between alcohol marketing and alcohol use, while controlling for possible confounding factors.
Alcohol marketing, specifically through providing free alcohol through a company representative, was associated with drunkenness (AOR: 1.84; 95% CI = 1.06–3.21) among youths after controlling for demographic and psychosocial characteristics, peer environment, and risky behaviors. In addition, seeing alcohol ads in newspapers and magazines (AOR: 1.65, 95% CI = 1.05–2.58) and seeing ads at sports events, concerts or fairs (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI = 1.06–2.12) were significantly associated with increased reports of drunkenness.
There are significant associations between alcohol marketing exposure and increased alcohol use and drunkenness among youth in the Philippines. These findings highlight the need to put policies into effect that restrict alcohol marketing practices as an important prevention strategy for reducing alcohol use and its dire consequences among vulnerable youth.
- Alcohol
- Alcohol marketing
- Drunkenness
- Philippines
- Survey
Alcohol use is the most commonly used psychoactive substance in the world and is one of the leading causes of death and disability [1]. Alcohol abuse causes 3.2% of all deaths worldwide annually and also accounts for 4.0% of the global disease burden each year [2]. Research has shown that alcohol use is associated with alcohol addiction [3], other drug use [4], unintentional injuries [3, 5], physical fighting [6], criminal activity [4], suicidal ideation and attempts [7–9], and increased risk of HIV/AIDS [10, 11].
In order to address this global public health issue, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently prioritized the global reduction of the harmful use of alcohol [12]. Even with limited data, it is still evident that low and middle-income countries bear a disproportionate public health burden due to increasing alcohol consumption and limited or non-existent prevention policies and programs [1].
Alcohol use among youth is affected by a range of psychosocial and environmental factors. Relatively recent research has increasingly focused on the role of exposure to alcohol marketing broadly defined and its influences on youth drinking in particular. However, such research has been largely limited to high income countries, with a few exceptions [13–17].
Intriguingly, research on the predictors of alcohol use and its adverse outcomes among youth is scarce in the Philippines. Data from the WHO indicates that almost 9% of the Philippines population who are 15 years of age and older (estimated at 86 million) have an alcohol use disorder [18]. In addition, 25% of males and 8.3% of females (15-85+ years) are heavy episodic drinkers [18]. A related and also largely unaddressed issue in the broader Western Pacific region, and the Philippines in particular, is the role of alcohol marketing and its potential link to early alcohol use among youth. Since the 1990s, concern has grown about heavy drinking and alcohol-related harm, and the link with the growth in alcohol marketing that targets young people [19, 20]. In the Philippines, new marketing strategies for beer and spirits are now being used to target youth and women, particularly by the large local companies, Asia Brewery and San Miguel Corporation [20]. Although the Philippines has a national legal minimum age for off and on premises sales of alcoholic beverages [18] and a recently enacted drunk driving law [21], there are no restrictions on the marketing of such alcoholic beverages to youth and minors. A high proportion of marketing expenditures are on non-media forms of promotion [20]. Alcohol company sponsorship of sports and cultural events is a major marketing strategy, which is under-researched and rarely addressed by policy makers [20]. Sponsorships at sports events in particular (which attract more young people) provide promotional opportunities that imprint brand names and products on young consumers and potential consumers [20]. Direct marketing includes brand promotions at venues or retail outlets at which drinkers can be approached directly, or creating the brand's own events at which the public or invited customers attend. New brands and products, such as ready-to-drinks (RTDs) are often launched in this way to give people an opportunity to sample the product [20].
Analysts of the Asian alcohol markets describe RTDs as a starting point for young consumers moving from non-alcoholic beverages to alcoholic drinks. Growth in RTDs is anticipated in the Philippines among women and new young drinkers [22]. Marketing of RTDs in the Philippines began on a small scale but volume sales increased markedly as local companies began to compete with the imported brands led by Diageo Philippines Inc. [22]. There is intense competition between global alcohol companies such as Diageo, Heineken, Carlsberg, Anheuser Busch, SABMiller and Kirin to position themselves to get a share of the emerging markets in the Western Pacific region. Review of recent corporate reports of global alcohol companies shows that the strategy is to target growing countries with high youth populations [20].
In two of the few studies conducted on exposure to alcohol marketing among youth in a low income country, findings demonstrate that alcohol marketing, specifically through the provision of free alcohol to school-attending youth (ages 13–16), is relatively common in Zambia (30%) [23] and among vulnerable service seeking youth in Uganda (27.0%) [24] and that this form of marketing is associated with problem drinking and drunkenness [23, 24]. Previous research conducted primarily in North America and Europe shows that exposure to alcohol advertising and ownership of alcohol promotional items has been found to increase the risk of alcohol use among adolescents [14, 25]. Moreover, based on extensive research, it is clear that alcohol marketing also influences youths' attitudes and perceptions about alcohol, which are related to expectancies and intentions to consume alcohol beverages [26, 27]. In addition, youth who report liking alcohol advertisements are also more likely to use alcohol [28–30]. More troubling is the issue of the long-lasting effect of alcohol marketing exposure. As an example, research shows that exposure to alcohol advertising in youth predicts youth's intentions of alcohol consumption up to two years later [31].
The totality of previous research indicate that alcohol marketing to youth is a growing public health concern and that this problem may be exacerbated among youth living in countries with limited alcohol policies and self-regulation by the alcohol industry [32, 33]. This may be the case because of the resources available to the alcohol industry to promote their marketing efforts. Alcohol Justice (formerly the Marin Institute) is a group dedicated to respond to the alcohol industry and their marketing practices primarily in the U.S. They report that the alcohol industry spends more than $6 billion each year on marketing its products [34]. Unfortunately, many alcohol marketing practices are aimed directly at youth and those that are outside of the home (e.g., billboards, advertisements at sports events and concerts, buildings, newspapers and magazines, and on the internet) pose particular concerns because parents cannot typically shield their children from those exposures [35]. However, spending on these forms of marketing, labeled "out-of-home advertising" have increased by billions in recent years [35]. Alcohol advertising and marketing of alcohol products clearly increase intent to use as well as actual alcohol use among adolescents [26, 27, 29, 30]. Additionally, recent research shows that youth are more exposed to alcohol marketing than adults and need stronger protections [36]. The increased use of digital media is set to make matters worse. Alcohol marketers are rapidly using social networking for their campaigns, and such media is used more heavily by young people which will likely exacerbate their exposure to alcohol marketing [36].
The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of alcohol marketing exposure in a nationally representative sample of youth in Philippines and to examine if there are significant associations between alcohol marketing and drunkenness among Filipino youth. Findings from this study will be important for prevention and intervention efforts that seek to reduce alcohol use and adverse health consequences among youth.
The current study is based on the Global School-based Student Health Survey, conducted in Philippines in 2011 among students in grades 1st-4th (N = 5290). The GSHS was developed and supported by the World Health Organization in collaboration with the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, and with technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [37]. The goal of the GSHS is to provide data on health behaviors and relevant risk and protective factors among students across all regions served by the United Nations. Country specific questionnaires, fact sheets, public-use data files, documentation and reports are publicly available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization [37].
The GSHS is comprised of a self-administered questionnaire, administered to students primarily 11–16 years of age. The survey uses a standardized scientific sample selection process, common school-based methodology, and a combination of core questionnaire modules, core-expanded questions, and country-specific questions. The Philippines GSHS employed a two-stage cluster sample design to produce a representative sample of students in 2nd-4th year levels of Secondary Education or High School. The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all schools containing any of 2nd-4th year levels. Schools were selected with probability proportional to school enrollment size. The second stage of sampling consisted of randomly selecting intact classrooms (using a random start) from each school to participate. All classrooms in each selected school were included in the sampling frame. All students in the sampled class rooms were eligible to participate in the GSHS [37].
Survey procedures were designed to protect students' privacy by allowing for anonymous and voluntary participation. Students completed the self-administered questionnaire during one class period and recorded their responses directly on computer-scannable questionnaire answer sheet [37].
The current analyses are based on the restricted data file that includes an expanded list of questions. The school response rate was 97%, the student response rate was 84%, and the overall response rate was 82%. A total of 5290 students participated in the Philippine survey [37]. The sample consisted of 2,279 males and 2,986 females, and of the following age groups: 11 years old or younger (n = 20), 12 years old (n = 205), 13 years old (n = 980), 14 years old (n = 1,350) 15 years old (n = 1310) and 16 years old or older (n = 1384).
Variable name, description and prevalence of variables examined in the GSHS study of Philippine school students (2011)
Variable name
Variable description
N = 5290 Wtd.%
Current alcohol use
Students who had at least one drink containing alcohol on one or more days during the past 30 days.
Students who drank so much alcohol that they were really drunk one or more times during their life
Bullying victimization
Students who were bullied on one or more days in the past 30 days
No friends
Students who have no close friends
Missed school
Students who missed classes or school without permission on one or more days during the past 30 days
Drug use
Students who have ever used drugs such as marijuana, shabu, ecstasy, or rugby
Alcohol marketing
Public ads
Students who went to sports events, fairs, concerts and who most of the time or always saw ads for alcohol
Students who watched actors drinking alcohol on television, videos, or movies.
Brand name
Students who watched sports events or other programs on TV during the past 30 days, and who most of the time or always saw alcohol brand names
Students who have seen a lot of advertisements for alcohol on billboards in the past 30 days.
Students who saw a lot of ads or promotions for alcohol in newspapers or magazines during the past 30 days
Own brand logo item
Students who have a t-shirt, pen, backpack, or other item, with an alcohol brand logo on it
Offered free alcohol
Students who were ever offered a free drink of alcohol by an alcohol company representative.
Logistic regression analyses were computed to determine the associations between alcohol marketing exposures and drunkenness using a 3-step model-building strategy. Model 1 included sex, age, alcohol use in the past 30 days, and usual amount of alcohol use. Model 2 included variables from Model 1 along with bully victimization, lack of friends, missing school, and illicit drug use. Model 3 included variables from Model 1 and Model 2, in addition to factors relating to alcohol marketing, such as seeing alcohol ads at sports events, fairs or concerts, or on TV, seeing actors drink, alcohol advertisements on billboards, and in newspapers and magazines, being offered alcohol from an alcohol company representative and having a brand logo item.
Analyses were conducted with the SAS 9.1 and SUDAAN 10 statistical software packages to accommodate the sampling design, and produce weighted estimates. IRB approval was obtained from the Georgia State University to conduct these analyses.
Bivariate associations between demographic characteristics, alcohol marketing, and drunkenness among participants in the Philippine GSHS Study
Demographic characteristics
Current alcohol use
1.86 (1.51–2.28)
1.66 (1.33–2.08)
0.30 (0.18–0.48)
0.19 (0.13–0.29)
0.33 (0.23–0.47)
0.29 (0.22–0.38)
0.61 (0.47–0.80)
0.58 (0.46–0.73)
> = 16
Alcohol marketing
Public Ads
1.34 (0.97–1.84)
1.71 (1.27–2.30)
1.48 (1.17–1.87)
1.25 (1.05–1.49)
Brand name
1.52 (1.26–1.84)
1.53 (1.25–1.88)
1.32 (1.09–1.59)
1.21 (1.09–1.36)
1.19 (0.95–1.50)
1.26 (0.99–1.60)
Provided free alcohol
2.22 (1.57–3.13)
2.17 (1.47–3.22)
Own gift with brand logo
1.86 (1.53–2.27)
1.43 (1.23–1.67)
Multivariate logistic regression analyses of the associations between demographic characteristics, alcohol marketing and drunkenness among participants in the Philippine GSHS (2011)
Three models predicting drunkenness
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
1.24 (0.95–1.63)
1.09 (0.82–1.46)
1.41 (0.96–2.09)
<=13 yrs
0.26 (0.18–0.38)
0.25 (0.17–0.37)
0.22 (0.13–0.37)
14 yrs
0.43 (0.34–0.54)
0.46 (0.34–0.62)
0.47 (0.33–0.68)
15 yrs
0.68 (0.51–0.91)
0.68 (0.47–0.98)
0.76 (0.48–1.20)
> = 16 yrs
Current drinking
15.60 (11.85–20.55)
14.05 (10.62–18.59)
11.41 (7.92–16.44)
Bullying victimization
1.04 (0.83–1.29)
0.87 (0.65–1.18)
No friends
0.62 (0.34–1.12)
0.82 (0.30–2.26)
Missed school
1.65 (1.38–1.97)
1.76 (1.37–2.27)
Drug use
2.80 (1.59–4.93)
2.11 (1.05–4.26)
Alcohol marketing
Public Ads
1.50 (1.06–2.12)
0.96 (0.75–1.22)
Brand name
0.98 (0.70–1.38)
0.75 (0.52–1.07)
1.65 (1.05–2.58)
Provided free alcohol
1.84 (1.06–3.21)
Own gift with brand logo
1.19 (0.89–1.59)
This study examined the prevalence of exposure to alcohol marketing practices among nationally representative school-attending youth in the Philippines, and whether exposure to alcohol marketing is associated with drunkenness. The findings show that there is a high prevalence of exposure to different forms of alcohol marketing strategies. The most commonly reported exposures were seeing alcohol use by actors, seeing alcohol name brands at sport events or on TV and seeing billboards with an alcohol advertisement. However, the form of alcohol marketing that appears particularly troubling is provision of free drinks by alcohol companies directly to youth which was reported by 10% of the students. Moreover, receiving free alcohol from alcohol companies remained associated with drunkenness in multivariate analyses indicating that it appears to be a relatively robust risk factor for alcohol misuse. This issue regarding providing free drinks to youth has been observed in other countries [23] and warrants attention by researchers and policy makers.
It is clear from previous research that direct marketing of alcohol products increases alcohol use and problems among youths and those findings are corroborated by the findings in the current study. The results of this study indicate a high prevalence of current alcohol use (23.2%) and drunkenness (20.7%) among the school-attending youth in the Philippines., in addition to a very strong association between current drinking and drunkenness. Our findings are also supported by research in the U.S. that shows that distributing alcohol merchandise to youth predicts their alcohol use [38]. In this study, nearly 15% of youth reported owning an item with an alcohol logo on it. However, owning an item with an alcohol brand logo on it was not associated with drunkenness.
The findings of this study show that alcohol marketing strategies in the Philippines through providing free alcohol to youth and through print and television media appear to reach a relatively large population of youth. These findings regarding the association between provision of free alcohol to youth and self-reports of drunkenness, mirror those conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa [23]. These alcohol marketing practices, aimed directly to children, have been banned in other countries and have important policy implications for countries where such bans do not exist. The implications of the empirical findings from the current study clearly indicate that stricter policies to prevent underage alcohol advertisements are needed. Such measures need to be urgently considered and applied given the frequency and levels of exposure to alcohol marketing, in particular, the free distribution of alcohol to youths, as observed in the current study.
The timing is critical for new policy initiatives and prevention strategies aimed to reduce alcohol use among adults and youth [39]. Recent reports by the alcohol industry indicate that they will produce and sell cheaper alcohol to Asia and African markets in order to increase its consumer market [20]. The goal of targeting low-income consumers and creating affordable brews will be achieved through using local ingredients, and also utilizing inexpensive individual-sized packaging to make purchasing alcohol more affordable [20]. Previous research clearly highlights that affordability of alcohol is strongly linked to alcohol use [40], and that these new industry strategies are likely to have a negative impact on alcohol use and alcohol-related adverse outcomes among youth in the Philippines and the Western Pacific region.
Policy and intervention suggestions for agencies provided by the World Health Organization to counteract alcohol marketing and reduce harmful effects of alcohol use include regulating alcohol marketing content and the volume of marketing, regulating marketing in media and sponsorship activities of alcohol industry, restricting or banning alcohol promotions targeting young people, regulating alcohol marketing techniques like social media, developing effective surveillance systems to monitor alcohol marketing, and enforcing marketing restrictions [12]. More research is necessary regarding the exposure of youth to alcohol advertising and levels of consumption to gain formative information needed to counteract these marketing influences and inform policy makers to support and implement such strategies.
The WHO has taken an important leadership role related to underage drinking prevention in their Report on the Seventh Meeting of the Regional Advisory Panel on Impacts of Drug Abuse: Technical consultation on the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol [12]. Per the Report, mandatory as well as voluntary regulations of marketing of alcohol products need to be considered and included in a comprehensive strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. The Report also underscores that these measures need to be urgently considered and applied given the frequency and levels of exposure to alcohol marketing, in particular, the free distribution of alcohol to youths, as observed in the current study.
Although regulation of alcohol marketing to youth has been scarce in low and middle income countries, some progress is currently underway to enact policy in this area. [39]. In Zambia, bans have recently been implemented against the manufacturing and sale of strong liquor individual- sized sachets sold at very low prices, often in unlicensed bars and to minors [41]. Moreover, a recent commentary recommends that there should be a total ban on alcohol advertising in South Africa [42, 43]. Additionally, the South African Minister for Social Development, Bathabile Dlamini, has stressed the need for restricting alcohol advertising in the country, in order to reduce the burden of social and health consequences of binge drinking among South Africans [44]. Researchers who have modeled the effectiveness of a ban on alcohol advertising on youth drinking in the U.S. found that among interventions shown to be successful in reducing youthful drinking prevalence, advertising bans appear to have the greatest potential for premature mortality reduction [45]. Another study performed an econometric analysis using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and estimated that a 28% reduction in alcohol advertising would reduce adolescent monthly alcohol use from 25% to between 24% and 21%, and would reduce adolescent binge drinking from 12% to between 11% and 8% [46]. This study also concluded that a total ban on all forms of alcohol marketing would results in further decreases in alcohol use and binge drinking among youth [47].
These same economists performed a study of 20 countries over 26 years and showed that a ban on all alcohol advertising could reduce underage monthly alcohol participation by about 24% (almost as much as a 100% increase in alcohol prices) and would reduce binge drinking by about 42% [47].
There are several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the findings of this study. First, the study is based on self-reported data of students in the Philippines. Accordingly, the findings may not be generalized to other populations or to youth who are no longer in school. Second, while our findings show statistically significant associations between marketing practices, other correlates, and drunkenness, more specific temporal ordering cannot be determined, nor can causality be inferred. Finally, the study did not include specific measures of other marketing strategies and educational experiences or other factors that may influence or confound the associations observed between alcohol marketing and drunkenness.
This study demonstrated that there are significant exposure to alcohol marketing and that this exposure is associated with alcohol use and drunkenness among school-attending youth in the Philippines. These findings highlight the need for leaders to prioritize implementation of policies that limit alcohol exposure and that restrict alcohol marketing practices as important prevention strategies for reducing alcohol use and its adverse health consequences among youth in the Philippines.
The authors thank Huang Yao M.A., M.S. for her contribution to the analyses of this manuscript. We greatly appreciate her dedication and assistance in the data management and analysis for this study as Dr. Swahn's Graduate Research Assistant while a graduate student at Georgia State University.
Authors' Affiliations
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- The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/1159/prepub
Pre-publication history
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Архівовано до Вересень 2017
SFX Bible: Leaves
Hello, folks, this is Katia from our office in Kiev. I'm responsible for the spectacular graphics and titles you'll see in our comics, on our website and on our Facebook page, etc. This is the first in a series of posts I'm doing dedicated to the onomatopoeic special effects, or SFX, used in comic books.…Детальніше
Review: April and the Twisted World
Hi guys! Let's start with an intro, right? My name is Maria and I'm a movie-lover. An evening spent without watching something new is an evening wasted. Sometimes it is wasted 'cause of a bad movie, but sometimes you manage to spot something so good you can't stay silent, you just have to spam all…Детальніше


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Rehearsing the State: The Political Practices of the Tibetan Government-in-Exile
Rehearsing the State: The Political Practices of the Tibetan Government-in-Exile
ISBN: 978-1-118-66128-4 March 2016 240 Pages
Rehearsing the State presents a comprehensive investigation of the institutions, performances, and actors through which the Tibetan Government-in-Exile is rehearsing statecraft. McConnell offers new insights into how communities officially excluded from formal state politics enact hoped-for futures and seek legitimacy in the present.
- Offers timely and original insights into exile Tibetan politics based on detailed qualitative research in Tibetan communities in India
- Advances existing debates in political geography by bringing ideas of stateness and statecraft into dialogue with geographies of temporality
- Explores the provisional and pedagogical dimensions of state practices, adding weight to assertions that states are in a continual situation of emergence
- Makes a significant contribution to critical state theory
Table of contents
Series Editors' Preface ix
Acknowledgements x
Note on Transliteration xiii
1 Introduction 1
2 Rethinking the (Non)state: Time / Space / Performance 17
3 Setting the Scene: Contested Narratives of Tibetan Statehood 40
4 Rehearsal Spaces: Material and Symbolic Roles of Exile Tibetan Settlements 61
5 Playwright and Cast: Crafting Legitimacy in Exile 92
6 Scripting the State: Constructing a Population, Welfare State and Citizenship in Exile 116
7 Audiences of Statecraft: Negotiating Hospitality and Performing Diplomacy 145
8 Conclusion: Rehearsing Stateness 171
References 190
Index 216


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USN-1450-1: Net-SNMP vulnerability
23 May 2012
net-snmp vulnerability
A security issue affects these releases of Ubuntu and its derivatives:
- Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 11.10
- Ubuntu 11.04
- Ubuntu 10.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 8.04 LTS
Net-SNMP could be made to crash if it received specially crafted network traffic.
Software Description
- net-snmp - SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) server and applications
It was discovered that Net-SNMP incorrectly performed entry lookups in the extension table. A remote attacker could send a specially crafted request and cause the SNMP server to crash, leading to a denial of service.
Update instructions
The problem can be corrected by updating your system to the following package versions:
- Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
- libsnmp15 - 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.1
- Ubuntu 11.10
- libsnmp15 - 5.4.3~dfsg-2.2ubuntu1.1
- Ubuntu 11.04
- libsnmp15 - 5.4.3~dfsg-2ubuntu1.1
- Ubuntu 10.04 LTS
- libsnmp15 - 126.96.36.199~dfsg0ubuntu1-0ubuntu2.2
- Ubuntu 8.04 LTS
- libsnmp15 - 5.4.1~dfsg-4ubuntu4.4
To update your system, please follow these instructions: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Upgrades.
In general, a standard system update will make all the necessary changes.


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I knew a man via FB, he said he is a bone surgeon and works for the UN army in Afghanistan. This went on for a month then he asked for 00 money for a vacation certificate. He very disturbing and even sent a pic of his shot arm so he says.
I chatted casually with him on FB messenger then he asked me to download Google Hangouts.
I didn't like Hangouts but he insisted on using Hangouts.
Delete from any Facebook invite this person is a scammer hiding behind someone else's identity. He allegedly works as an orthopedic doctor for the UN. Dr James Brown email is [email protected] if he contacts you avoid him at all costs as he is a scammer of the highest order and he will try and get you to send money through western union moneygram or ria and his agent is Thomas blessing ebiye who is in Nigeria so please ladies beware and don't be foolish like I was. Am warning you ladies of these scammers who are using Dr pictures to scarm you and say they work for Nato in Syria. He has a son age 7 named Jack who lives with his teacher. He was an orphan..adopted in Italy..taken to Uk then US to obtain Masters. He doesn't have military email because he never created a password. if you ask the samevthing twice he become very abrupt ... Divorced ..construction engineer ...takes his name from a park in new south wales prolaims to know uk and has to work in malaysia ..tell you what he had for dinner other than chicken and rice ..wants money to pay malaysian tax 40% wants $19000. I am playing the game just waiting for the funds issue to come up. This man says the most charming things to scam women in the name of love. He advised how he was so depressed over his wife cheating on him numerous of times. Con Cobby stated he didn't have money to return home and he wanted me to take out a $2000 loan to help him.
As soon as I showed him my doubts he said he does not like my attitude. Also he should be cautious since he does not want to be hurt. He sent me a link - I guess to spy on me and fish for personal information. He is a very evil man and should be stopped at all costs and I intend to report him to every agency that I can to try and stop him from doing this to another innocent person I was contacted firstly via the Words With Friends App by Orthopaedic Surgeon Alex Williams working for the UN in Syria. Some will say to take their kids for holiday and will ask you to send money for their kids plane ticket. Or ask for money for emergency treatment for their kid or some of these scammers will ask for your information like they are somewhere on the open seas and they are afraid of pirates and they need your information to send you a box with valuables. They act nice and pretend they love u but when you ask them to call with video calls they come with stories that they can't disturb patients who are sleeping. He stated that he was finally ready to settle down and found true love. I informed him that I didn't have $2000 to send him. Later, Cobby stated how heartbroken he was because he didn't have enough money to get his flight to come see me.
He had stole someone pic and pretended to be an architect named John William, and now became a fake Orthopedic doctor named Harry Beller. Ladies beware of Someone posing to be Juan Arellano - a doctor in the UN in Afghanistan. I was trying to find any information about his name or job. He disappeared finding an excuse I don't know If he is real as He claims to be General Jeffery A Smith but uses another name. He was intelligent, funny sent many photos of himself even of when he was a child and teenager, 30's and 40's etc. No children divorced for 7 years lost most his money in the divorce. Thanks for your comments about reporting these low lifes to the fbi. Ive worked in security all my life and emphasized this to him many times. can be quit assertive from australia and starts off really nice and friendly careing then has to go away on construction... This con man says he is an Orthopaedic Surgeon from Everett Massachusetts.


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Friday, June 29th, 2018
Harvest Moon: Light of Hope Special Edition farms fun on Switch and PlayStation 4 in Europe.
Friday, April 6th, 2018
Little Dragons Café just got its first big trailer!
Monday, April 2nd, 2018
I got an opportunity to try out legendary Harvest Moon creator Yasuhiro Wada's latest creation: Little Dragon's Café!
Wednesday, February 7th, 2018
The console version is expected to have new features not found in the original PC release.
Tuesday, January 30th, 2018
If you like your cows to be squared and your world full of voxels I may have the farming simulator for you
Tuesday, November 14th, 2017
On sale this week.
Thursday, October 26th, 2017
Get yo' farm on!
Wednesday, October 25th, 2017
Stardew Valley has the charm of old school Harvest Moon yet very much improves upon it.
Monday, September 18th, 2017
Get some great titles at big discounts!
Thursday, July 6th, 2017
Natsume discusses the latest Harvest Moon game, twentieth anniversary, two new River City games, and more.
Tuesday, July 4th, 2017
Harvest Moon once again returns to E3 courtesy of Natsume and this time, it seems we're going old-school.
Monday, June 19th, 2017
Not your typical Harvest Moon, but then again it's not supposed to be.
Friday, May 26th, 2017
More surprises incoming!
Tuesday, May 9th, 2017
More Harvest Moon for the PlayStation 4.
Wednesday, April 12th, 2017
Natsume Inc. discusses Harvest Moon turning twenty, the success of Wild Guns Reloaded, Harvest Moon: Skytree Village, and about the Switch e
Thursday, April 6th, 2017
Something for the kids.
Tuesday, March 28th, 2017
Good news for farming fans!
Thursday, February 23rd, 2017
Some good sales and old school Harvest Moon
Tuesday, February 21st, 2017
Head to the country for a new challenge in Harvest Moon 64!
Thursday, January 12th, 2017
And with two new people to marry!


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Once a month, I plan to do a post that is all about our son, Liam. This little guy is so much fun and keeps us on our toes!
This picture was from New Years Day but it's one of my favorites!
Liam loves to be in his stroller. One of his favorite things is to go for a run with me in the jogging stroller. Everyday when I pick him up from daycare, the first thing he asks is if we are going to "run…stroller", which we do a few days a week now that the days are a little longer.
Liam will turn 2 next month and this picture is a good representation of his little personality, always smiling and always running. He loves to be outside and we are really excited for this summer with him!
A couple of weeks ago we went to the zoo. It was one of the first really pretty spring days and we wanted to enjoy the beautiful weather. We took Liam to the zoo a few times last year but he was still too young to really care about the animals. This time though, he loved it. He recognized a lot of the animals and really enjoyed watching the giraffes and elephants. We have a nice zoo in our town. We can get through in about 2 hours or less and it's the perfect outing for a toddler.
Mr. Independent is our newest phase. He wants to sit in big chairs instead of his high chair and he wants to try to do everything himself first before asking for help. I love to watch him learn new things and am continually amazed at how fast he is growing! Will and I keep saying how much fun each new stage is. We don't want to rush him through these early years but we really love how independent he is becoming.
This little guy LOVES books. He will sit and look at books or ask us to read to him before he will play with most of his toys. He has his favorites memorized and can almost "read" them back to us. I am so happy that he loves books and hope that grows into a love of reading as he gets older.
We will have a 2 year old next month, how is that possible??