text:
FedEx Corporation will produce superior financial returns for its shareowners by providing high value-added logistics, transportation and related business services through focused operating companies. Customer requirements will be met in the highest quality manner appropriate to each market segment served. FedEx will strive to develop mutually rewarding relationships with its employees, partners and suppliers. Safety will be the first consideration in all operations. Corporate activities will be conducted to the highest ethical and professional standards.
To Our Shareowners,
In FY16, FedEx reached new heights as one of the world's unique enterprises. Through disciplined strategy and execution, our shareowners, team members and customers benefited greatly from new solutions and higher revenues and profits, despite an environment of low economic growth.
In FY13, we stated we would meet the FedEx Express profit improvement goal — to exit FY16 with an annual run rate of $1.6 billion in additional operating profit — and we did it. Moreover, we believe FedEx Express profitability and productivity will continue to increase for years to come, assuming continued modest growth in the U.S. and global economies.
We announced we would acquire the Dutch delivery company TNT Express in the first half of calendar 2016. We officially acquired the company on May 25.
We committed to continue improving FedEx Corporation's margins, earnings per share, cash flows and returns over the long term. We successfully advanced each of these goals in FY16.
To achieve our stated mission to produce superior financial returns for shareowners, we manage our operating companies as a portfolio of solutions. Customers as well as FedEx benefit: Ninety-six percent of U.S. revenue is generated by customers using two or more of our transportation companies — FedEx Express, FedEx Ground and FedEx Freight. About 77 percent of U.S. revenue comes from customers using all three transportation companies. Our customer base is large and diverse by design. No single customer represents more than 3 percent of our total revenue.
Our investments are paying off, and we expect positive financial momentum to continue into FY17. While we integrate our acquisitions, we'll continue our successful investments in FedEx Express aircraft fleet modernization and expand the capacity of the highly automated FedEx Ground network. We expect these major programs will have high returns, which are integral to expanding corporate margins. It is important to stress that we manage our operating companies collaboratively to achieve overall results for FedEx Corporation. This means we do not necessarily maximize the profitability of each FedEx unit every year. And because our operating companies compete collectively as a portfolio, we are often funding initiatives that may incur costs for an operating company in the near term for long-term benefit to the enterprise as a whole.
From FY14 through FY16, FedEx returned more than $8.8 billion to shareowners through our repurchase of more than 63 million shares and increased dividends by at least 25 percent annually. Our strong balance sheet, profit and cash flow performance gave us the flexibility to sustain stock repurchase programs while continuing to execute our strategic growth initiatives.
The TNT Express acquisition broadens our global portfolio and gives FedEx a global competitive advantage that will deliver long-term shareowner value. As we integrate TNT Express, the density of its powerful pan-European surface transportation network will make our operations more productive and efficient. Combining TNT Express with our intra-European and intercontinental FedEx Express services lowers our costs to serve the market and puts us front and center to profit from the growth of European commerce.
After acquiring TNT Express, we were able to hit the ground running thanks to our detailed integration planning process, and we're confident we'll successfully integrate TNT Express with FedEx Express. We expect TNT Express to be accretive to earnings in FY18. Longer term, we anticipate this acquisition will generate substantial improvements in revenue and earnings.
We are already reaping the rewards of our acquisitions in FY15 of GENCO, part of our FedEx Ground segment, and Bongo International, recently rebranded as FedEx CrossBorder, a unit of FedEx Trade Networks. Thanks to complementary FedEx and GENCO transport management logistics services, we're successfully working with customers to cross-sell our capabilities, including GENCO's unmatched expertise in returns. Retailers highly value this service, because reverse logistics costs for consumer goods average 8 percent of total sales.
FedEx CrossBorder is expanding services to merchants in China and Japan this year, enabling shoppers to purchase goods internationally through a seamless checkout and delivery process that takes the guesswork out of what the total landed cost will be, including international duties and taxes.
The 2015 peak holiday season was historic by many measures, and our team members responded to the challenge by delivering our Purple Promise, which simply states: "I will make every FedEx experience outstanding." They handled record demand, delivering more than 25 million packages per day on multiple days, more than double our average daily volume. Their stellar performance and close collaboration with our customers helped us achieve holiday season service levels that were among the highest ever, despite higher-than-expected volumes and difficult weather in some locations.
Thanks to our team members' commitment to the customers and communities we serve, we were proud to be once again recognized by FORTUNE magazine as one of the world's 10 most-admired companies and No. 1 in the delivery industry.
Our unrivaled transportation networks provide competitive advantages for our customers. FedEx Express is the world's largest express transportation company, with an unmatched global flight system. FedEx Ground continues to increase market share and is faster to more U.S. locations than its competitors. FedEx Freight is the less-than-truckload (LTL) market leader with similar transit advantages in its sector. FedEx Office provides unique digital print and package services. Given these facts, we believe reports warning of possible near-term disruptions to the package shipping industry by new local delivery business models to be fantastical, devoid of in-depth knowledge of large logistics systems and the markets FedEx serves.
Our dense, ubiquitous networks create fundamental scale and scope advantages that aren't easily replicated. Nearly every business and person on the planet can order an item online and have it affordably transported and delivered door-to-door by FedEx across borders within one or two business days, customs cleared. For e-commerce to continue to grow rapidly, our efficient and reliable global transportation solutions are vital.
FedEx Express. Profit improvement initiatives have been successful, and we plan to continue increasing margins. For example, every aircraft we replace with a new Boeing 767-300 Freighter adds millions of dollars annually to profits because the new planes use 30 percent less fuel, are more reliable and require less maintenance expense than the older planes they replace.
FedEx Ground. We've nearly tripled our ground market share during the last two decades and continue to widen our competitive advantage by investing in highly automated facilities that can quickly process growing volumes of packages. To gain even more operational efficiencies and flexibility, we combined our FedEx Ground and FedEx SmartPost networks and are introducing new routing technologies to make our deliveries more efficient, particularly in residential areas.
FedEx Freight. We're enthusiastic about our efforts to extend our market-leading position by reshaping the LTL market, just like FedEx has done in both the express and ground segments. We are connecting customers with more convenient, parcel-like shipping solutions, such as zone-based pricing and the recently introduced FedEx Freight box, a simplified way to ship LTL that increases security and shipment protection. To more accurately cost and price LTL shipments, we continue to expand our use of dimensional scanners.
FedEx Services. Yield management is a critical component of our financial success. We continue to sharpen our revenue management and pricing science. Our world-class pricing group analyzes revenue data to better balance volume growth and yield improvements. We're currently evaluating and executing multiple pricing initiatives to increase margins and profits.
We are just as focused on simplifying and modernizing our information technology footprint, which lowers costs. As we do so, we spend less on infrastructure and upgrades. Equally important, these information technology initiatives make FedEx more agile and flexible in meeting customers' needs.
FedEx Office is at the center of solutions designed to handle large volumes of e-commerce shipments while making it easier for customers to pack, ship and pick up packages. Across the country, we're also piloting neighborhood third-party retail locations to supplement our convenience network.
Delivering is our business; doing it sustainably is our responsibility. We committed to increasing FedEx Express vehicle fuel economy by 30 percent by 2020 from a 2005 baseline, and we surpassed our goal ahead of schedule. In FY15, FedEx nearly doubled the number of alternative fuel vehicles in our global fleet, including approximately 1,900 hybrids, electric, compressed natural gas, propane auto gas and hydrogen vehicles. Please take time to review our Global Citizenship Report at csr.fedex.com. It outlines current goals and the progress we've made, plus our pledge to invest $200 million in 200 communities worldwide by 2020.
In November 2015, we welcomed John C. Inglis, former Deputy Director of the National Security Agency, to the FedEx Board of Directors. His cybersecurity and information technology expertise and significant leadership experience will be very valuable to FedEx, particularly as a knowledgeable expert on our Information Technology Oversight Committee.
FY16 was a year of significant accomplishments, and we plan to build on this success for many years to come. By creating new solutions for our customers, we help them grow and prosper. We continue to advocate trade and economic policies that create opportunities for business while helping the communities we serve flourish.
FedEx is committed to the highest standards of regulatory and legal compliance, acting with integrity in everything we do, everywhere we do business. Ethical conduct supports the reputation FedEx has earned as one of the most admired brands in the world.
As we've demonstrated, we've done the things we said we'd do. We predict a bright future for FedEx, and based on our record, we hope our customers, team members and shareowners have confidence in our commitment to their success as well.
Frederick W. Smith
Chairman, President and CEO


text:
Pages 341-354
Calendar of the Cecil Papers in Hatfield House: Volume 3, 1583-1589. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1889.
This free content was digitised by double rekeying and sponsored by the Arts and Humanities Research Council. All rights reserved.
August 1588
|709. — Richard Douglas to Archibald Douglas.
|1588, Aug. 1.
|I have heard nothing from you since the return of Alex. Graham, whereof I marvel, both because I have written twice, and because by your last you promised I should hear shortly. What should be the cause of your silence I cannot imagine, but until I receive answer of my last, bearing date July 19, I can go no farther in no matter with his Majesty, as you may easily understand if these letters be come to your hands. Always that you should not be ignorant of our state, nor how matters pass here, I thought good by this bearer to let you know.
|On the 24th of last month, after two or three days spent in plays and masquerades for solemnising of this marriage, the English Ambassador had audience at Holyrood House with his Majesty about three quarters of an hour, and immediately thereafter had large conference with M. Clermont d'Amboise, arrived here by accident of stormy weather, having his course directed towards England, whither he went within two days thereafter. His Majesty, albeit he made good account of the gentleman himself, and made him great good countenance, yet so far as I can understand, since he has twice heard him, and the Chancellor had long and large conference with him, he can collect no great matter of his hither coming, but only words and general fair promises, whereby, I fear me, he shall depart with small contentment; and his Majesty, remaining unsatisfied, and frustrate of the hope and expectation whereunto he was put by Robert Cary, shall listen and give ear to those who this long time have persuaded him to run a contrary course, whereof I am doubly sorry, both for the common benefit of this isle, that I see by this dealing put in hazard, and then half for this gentleman, (whom I love for those good parts that are in him, and the good will he bears to you,) whose labours I wished might have produced some better effect than I fear they shall. He continues still here for further direction. I pray God that now, since they see so many enemies confederate against them, they may take such honorable resolution for satisfaction of his Majesty, as may move him to concur with them for defence of this isle against all foreign invasion, which he would be glad he might do in honour.
|Our Convention dissolved July 29, wherein there were only three principal points handled, the first, touching his Majesty's marriage, which was earnestly craved by all the States to be hastened, but the election both of the party and the form of proceeding therein is referred to his Majesty and his Council. The other point was that, seeing the doing of that matter would be chargeable and expensive to his Majesty, mention was made that some taxation should be granted to help his Majesty, and for that cause there is granted a hundred thousand pounds to be levied of the nobility, gentlemen, and beneficed men by the taxation of the borrves. The third point was touching the Lord Maxwell, that the noblemen there convened would take trial of his actions, and what he had deserved that had contravened the commands of his Prince, and troubled the country, and sought the destruction both of the religion and present state. But that matter by advice of his Majesty is to be tried in October, and in the meantime he is committed prisoner in Edinburgh Castle. Immediately after the Convention, his Majesty departed towards Falkland, there to remain the greater part of this season, if this accident fallen out yesterday betwixt the Earl Bothwell and Sir Wm. Steuart, whom the Earl has slain, shall not draw him hither again, as it is thought, and his coming expected this night. The particulars of this accident, together with all other common matters, I refer to the bearer.—From Edinburgh, this 1st of August 1588.
|P.S.—Yesternight his Majesty, advertized of the slaughter of Sir William, returned to this town, and takes it very ill at the Earl of Bothwell's hands, especially since his Majesty the day he departed had caused him subscribe an assurance. The cause of his coming rather to speak [to] the English Ambassador, who has received letters from that country and certain word of the coming of the Spaniards to the narrow seas betwixt France and England. His Majesty yesternight after supper gave him audience in the Chancellor's garden. What further he has proponit to his Highness I have not as yet learnt, because I have not had time to speak with his Majesty.
|2 pp.
|710. Charlotte de la Marck to the Earl of Leicester.
|1588, Aug. 2/12.
|Je vous ay, depuis mes tristes et lamantables pertes de feue Madame ma mère et Messieurs mes frères, fait part de mes doléances comme à celuy que je scay les avoir si parfaitement aymez que vous aurez plaint à ce qui avoit cest honneur leur estre si proche un tel désastre, et encore en un temps si rude qu'au lieu que Ton deubt prendre compassion de ma misère. Je suis assaillie de la plus cruelle façon que Ton se peut représentee et sans relaache depuis trois ans passez en ceste place et celle de Jamectz, sinon celle qu'il a pleu à Dieu quelquesfois y donner en repoussant la violance de noz ennemis. Mais en fin m'estant ce faictz insuportable sans l'assistance du Tout Puissant et de ceux qui le revèrent, je suis contrainte la recercher, prenant la hardiesse (à cest effect) de requérir la Royne vostre Maistresse, qu'il plaise à sa Majesté de faire mettre en mon nom le passeport duquel il luy avoit pleu favoriser feu Monsieur mon frère vers Messieurs des Estatz de Holande, dont je puisse tirer quelque soulagement pour m'opposer à la violance de ceux qui désirent ma ruine pour la religion de laquelle il a pleu à Dieu m'honorer (et fera, s'il luy plait, tous les jours de ma vie).—De Sedan, ce xii jour d'Aoust 1588.
|1 p.
|711. John Robinson to Archibald Douglas.
|1588, Aug. 3.
|Begs to know his pleasure respecting the 600 cloths, licence to pass the same having been granted to Edward Johnson by warrant from the Lord Treasurer. He is to depart presently, and desires full payment for the same, but the writer doubts whether Douglas is fully acquainted with the proceedings.—3 August 1588.
|1 p.
|712. Richard Douglas to Archibald Douglas.
|1588, Aug. 5.
|Yours of July 28 came to my hands August 3, the day his Majesty went over the water to Falkland. The next day I followed, and found him ready to depart towards Burley, where I had long conference with him on the heads of your letter, and albeit his Majesty was little contented that my lord of Leicester did not write unto him as he desired, yet he promised to write such a letter as you desire. As for the other heads contained in your letter, he commanded me to await his return. The bearer carries to the Queen a letter from his Majesty, not far different from the instructions you desired should have been sent to you.
|On Saturday, when I took my leave of his Majesty in the way as he went to Burley, there was no word of this resolution. He has now declared himself, by open proclamation at the market crosses this day through this country, to be party against all foreign enemies to this Island, has ordained all this country to be in arms, and all the descents and ports of this coast side to be fortified in case of descent of any strangers. A number here, not of the unwisest, think his Majesty has been too sudden to declare himself before being assured of that he craved. I hope my brother, about the latter end of this week, will be on his journey towards you. The Chancellor will no ways do for my brother in this-suit, &c.—Edinburgh, 5 August 1588.
|1¼ pp.
|713. Depositions of two Dutch Sailors who were in the Spanish Armada.
|1588, Aug. 11.
|Jan Henricx Marinier et Jacob Cornells, tous deulx de Brouk en Noorthollande;
|Disent que la ñotte partist de Lisbonne le xxx: de May avec environ Cxxx navires, comprins les pinaces et petites navires;
|Disent qu 'il y avoit xl petites navires, la plus grande d'icelles de xxx lastz, aulcunes de x, xij, xx jusques à xxx lastz;
|Entre icelles y avoit quatre galères de xxvj rames, et nommément celle de l'Admiral, et aultres de xxiij ou xxiiij rames;
|Qu'il y avoit lors xij ou xiijc hoinmes sur les plus grandes navires;
|Que les plus grandes navires estoient de viijc lastz, à sçavoir deulx vingt de vc lastz, et la reste de iiijc lastz.
|Les navires d'ltalie, nommément les plus grandes, estoient mal pourveues d'artillerie, mais y aroit sur chacune d'icelles bien lm hommes tant soldats que matelots;
|Sur les autres navires de vc lastz y avoit dessus vijc hommes ou environ;
|Sur celles de iij ou iiijc lastz y avoit iiijc hommes ou environ, avecq leurs victuailles, comme aussy les aultres grands navires avoient aussy chargé leurs victuailles, comme boeufs, boucs, moutons, &c.;
|La navire desdits déposants estoit de ijcl lastz, et sur icelle clxxx hommes avecq les gens de marine, et y avoit en ladite flotte Espagnols, Bretons, Ytaliens, Francois, et de ceulx du Pais Bas;
|Disent qu'ils y a bien environ lxx navires esquippée à la guerre, lesquelles peuvent avoir par estimation environ de xxx a xl pièces de bronze;
|Que les navires avoient peu de canons excepté les galères;
|Que aussi aulcunes navires avoient seulement x, xij, xv, et xviij pièces d'artillerie;
|Que les navires n'estoient pas bien à voile;
|Que les gens de guerre n'estoient vieulx soldats; touttesfois qu'il y avoit bien xm vieulx soldats, le reste estoient vignerons, bergerons et semblables;
|Que tout ensemble, tant vieulx soldats que nouvelles besoingnes, pouroit avoir, selon le dire des capitaines, environ xxvm hommes;
|Touttesfois qu'ils scavent bien que lesdits capitaines mentent, comme ils ont experimenté à celluy qui estoit sur leur navire, qui n'avoit que lxxx hommes au lieu de cxxv qu'il disoit;
|Que chascun est monté maugré soy à batteaulx;
|Qu'il n'y avoit aulcunes navires pourveus de pilotz de pardeça, excepté une qui avoit ung pilote de Flissingue, lequel a prins la routte du Wyleinge, et que l'on dit présentement estre prins;
|Que l'armée n'est pourveue de vivres que pour trois mois partant de Lisbonne, et disent que l'huile leur estoit desja faillie:
|Que sur chaque galliasse y a quatre canons;
|Que le Due de Medina Sidonia est général de l'armée, à sçavoir le Due de St. Lnc;
|Don Alonso de Leva général des gens de guerre;
|Qu'il y a beaucoup de Sieurs de la Croisade, voires par milliers comme ils disent, et que presque toutte la noblesse d'Espaigne est en l'armée;
|Qu'il y avoit environ xc to xjc chevaux;
|Que chasque navire a ses vivres et munitions;
|Qu'il y avoit mc prestres et moines repartis sur les navires;
|Disent l'armée estre partie de Lisbonne le xxxe de May, et cstre arrivée à laCaronge environ trois sepmaines, I'ung après I'aultre à cause de la tempeste;
|Et que une partie des navires de pardeca avoit esté jusques environ l'Angleterre.
|Qu'il y a peu de mortalité et de maladie en l'armée;
|Qu'en la Caronge on a mis hors des navires environ mc malades;
|Que deux navires du Pais Bas sont demourée derrière, l'une faisant eau, l'aultre aiant perdu son mast; et se sont finallement assemblées toutes les navires en la Caronge, dont ils sont partis le xxije de Juillet;
|Et arrivèrent le xxviije endroict la fin d'Angleterre sans avoir rencontré aulcunes navires de guerre; que l'armée estoit là flottant deulx jours sans faire voile; ils estiment que c'estoit pour en advertir le Prince de Parma, lequel on disoit en la flotte les debvoir seconder avec xxxm hommes, et s'ils eussent voulu, ils eussent là peu mettre tous leurs gens à terre;
|De là vindrent environ Plemuye le xxxe de Juillet, Dimanche passé huit jours, où ils encontrèrent xl navires, qui escarmouchèrent la flotte environ trois heures et suivoit la flotte, se renforçans tousjours, et allèrent ainsi ensemble jusques devant Poirlant, là ou derechef ils furent attacqués chaudement des Anglois, estants environ l navires, et dura environ viij heures, sans qu'iis sachent qu'il y demeura aulcun navire fors celle de Don Pedro Valdez, et ung aultre, estant le Vice-Admiral, fut bruslé, à scavoir où estoit l'argent dedans; cela fut le Mardy.
|Les navires Anglois estoient mieulx à voile et par tant prenoient facillement l'advantage du vent, tirant la plus part trois coups que les aultres ne tiroient ung;
|Le vent a soufflé la pluspart de Suytwest;
|Comme l'apotécarie estoit au navire des déposants, on y est souvent venu pour diagues, de sorte que tout le long du jour il y avoit schuytes à leur bord;
|Le Jeudy suivant sont venus prez de Wight, et là se sont derechef escarmouchez, les Anglois estants renforcez de navires, et dura la canonnerie environ de quatre heures sans qu'il fit grand domage, sinou en la blessure des personnes;
|De là sont allez le vje de ce mois jusques à deulx lieues de Calais, et illecq mouillé l'ancre, où ils demeurèrent repas et demy, aiants tousjours les Anglois au dessus du vent [eetmael loeffwairt], où iceulx allumèrent de nuict huict navires de feu, lesquels ne firent aulcun signale domage d'aultant que les Espaignols coupèrent leurs ancres;
|Et d'aultant que pareu la flotte s'en alloit avecq la marée l'ung des galiasses fut lors prins des Anglois, sur lequel y avait bien mille hommes, et lequel fut environné bien de cinquante navires:
|Les déposants ne scauroient dire que les Angloiz aient souffert quelque dommage;
|Que la flotte d'Espaigne est ainsi passée oultre, prenant sa routte vers la pleine mer, de sorte qu'iis esiiment qu'elle est présentement environ la bouche de la Meuse;
|Lors que la flotte arriva en vers Suying, elle fut derechef attacquée par les Anglois, qui estoient cl navires, et dura bien le combat dix neures là, où deux gallions et une navire de Biscaye furent mis au fond, et aussy, comme ilz estiment, ung navire ytalien, d'aultant qu'il crioit pour secours;
|Après quoy ils dressèrent leur route vers le Nort, prenants la fuitte comme il sembloit environ quatre heures de long à pleins voiles sans trompette ou bruict d'ung costé ny d'aultre, les Anglois tousjours suivants, et quand l'ung tiroit aussy faisoit Paultre;
|Et allèrent ainsy vers le Nortwest et Noort-Nortwest, aussy Nort-Nort-Ouest, environ repas et demy, ce qui fut Lundi dernier;
|Que l'armée Espaignolle se tenoit serrée l'ung près de l'auctre;
|Disent estre enfuiz à dix Mardi en la nuict avecq ung esquif, qui estoit lié derrière au navire, qui a esté entre le Wyelinge et la Meuse, environ vingt lieues en la mer, selon qu'ilz peuvent juger, aiant desja ladicte armée passé comme ils peuvent estimer la longueur du Wyelinge;
|Aiant laissé l'armée d'Espaigne en troupe, l'ung prèz de l'aultre;
|Disent que les navires d'Espaigne ont soutfert grand dommage, comme ne pouvant les canonades faillir pour le grand nombre de gens estants sur lesdites navires;
|Que les navires Angloises ont souffert peu de perte, estants seullement tirées par les voiles, et n'aiant perdu aulcun mast;
|Disent que les Espaignols mènent beaucoup de cordes es navires;
|Disent n'avoir rien entendu de leur desseing, mais qu'ils ont quelquefois bien ressenty que quand ils seroient joincts avecq le Prince de Parme, ils retourneroient à Wight, sans touttefois que aulcuns capitaines ny aultres sceut où se debvoit exécuter l'entreprmse;
|Disent que estants près de Calais, il venoit bien des chaloupes du Prince de Parme, leur disants qu'il leur viendroit au secours;
|Que les Espaignols ont fort tiré sur les Anglois, mais ils ne scavent pas qu'ils en aient mis aulcuns au fond;
|Que les Anglois avoient tousjours le dessus du vent;
|Faict à la Gare, le xje d'Aougst 1588, au soir.
|Ont encores après diet:
|Qu'il y avoit grand estonnement en l'armée Espaignolle;
|Qu'ils disoient quelquefois qu'ils eussent bien voulu estre à terre, si avant qu'ils fussent environ "Karlelande";
|Qu'ils disoient aussy quelquefois de retourner par derrière l'Escosse, si avant que le Prince de Parme ne sortist;
|Mais qu'ils estimoient qu'ils n'oseroient retourner en Espaigne d'aultant qu'estans à la Caronge, ils avoient receu lettres du roy qu'ils n'eussent à retourner devant avoir conquis l'Angleterre, ou qu'ils seroient tous penduz.
|7½ pp.
|714. Thomas Fowler to Archibald Douglas.
|1588, Aug. 11.
|I came from the camp yesterday at 11, my lord being with the Queen at Dry the, but would not for anything but be there again this night, because our news on Friday was certain, that the Prince was embarked with 50,000 foot and 6,000 horse, and to-morrow being the high (fn. 1) (fn. 1) it was doubted (fn. 1) (fn. 1) would (fn. 1) (fn. 1) (fn. 1) . If I were to absent myself now, I were to be accounted a "ferd" coward; besides that I know not if Mr. Aston be come to court or to the leaguer, so that if I came and missed him, I should think my labour so much lost, though I would bestow more to wait on your lordship, if it were to purpose. I am glad he is come, and hope he hath brought some good content. I beseech you to pardon my not coming, and if it please you, let me understand something of your knowledge.—11 August 1588.
|1 p.
|715. The Confession of Gilbert Gifford.
|1588, Aug. 14.
|A.D. 1588, 14 Augusti, Parisiis Lutetiorum, ex carcere Episcopali.
|Cum primum Parisios appuleram (post meum a Collegio Rhemensi discessum) solum in genere Morgano dixi me, si in Anglia apprehendi et coram Walsinghamo sisti contigeret, illi rnanifestaturum perpetuas me inimicitias cum P. Societatis Jesu exercuisse, easque me prosequi statuisse, velleque quidvis aggredi et tentare contra illos in ejus servitium, quod totum a Morgano approbatum est.
|Postea cum essem in portu (dicta Rye) apprehensus et ad Walsingham delatus, apperui illi totam rem ordine ut supra, insuper adjiciens me effecturum ut multi alii mecum in hoc negotio concurrerent, quod Walsingham valde placuit, quo facto me dimisit et non ita multo post curavit ad me mitti viginti aureos. Hæc ut gesta erant articulatim Morgano per litteras illico significavi, et quod in me susceperam Doctorem Giffordium in Angliam vocare, quibus lectis Morganus (ut opinor) D. Giffordium Parisios accersit; eodem tempore ad Morganum scripsi per Gallici legati statorem ut D. Giffordius in Angliam nullo modo veniret, licet in uteris a Walsinghamo prævisis scripsi ut veniret.
|Circiter idem tempus Morganus ad me in Angliam scripsit de adventu D. Giffordii in Angliam, conscio ipso D. Giff. totius hujus negotii. Effecerat enim Morganus ut D. Giff. in Angliam ad me scriberet eodem tempore et una consule vel ut omni modo Morgani sequerer directiones iisque fidem adhiberem.
|Hæc autem gesta sunt in primo mco in Angliam reditu ubi quamdiu manseram, et quos sermones cum Walsingham habueram, particulatim de die in diem Morgano significavi, scripsit autem Morganus ad me sæpius de eadem re. Illico autem hujus me negotii tædium cepit, et ad Morganum scripsi me iterum transfretaturum. Ille suadet ne faciam, ego nihilominus ad iter me paro et modo Gallias propero, simulans apud Walsinghamum causam itineris fuisse ut D. Giffordium mecum in Angliam adducerem, cujus rei gratia datæ mihi sunt literæ securi transitus, in quibus nomini inserendo relictum est spatium, viz. ut D. Giff. (ut ego præ me tuleram) transfretans nomen quod illi videretur comodius imponeret, et sic sine examine aut scrutinio dimitteretur; literas istas, quas passoportum vocant, Morgano dedi adveniens, in quarum virtute Meredeth, sacerdos quidam Anglus in Angliam, rediit.
|Philippus, unus ex ministris et exploratoribus Walsinghami, mihi sæpius dixit Morganum illi intimum et amicissimum fuisse, tempora etiam nominavit quando ad invicem cænarent et comederent Parisiis, quod ipsum mihi visum est verissimum, ex Philippi sermone ita ad vivum Morgani gestus et actiones expressit, visusque est naturam Morgani optime callere; quid illi inter se tractarent et quorsum nescio, mihi tamen Morganus semel narravit Philippum sibi literas quasdam ciphris conscriptas enneleasse Parisiis.
|Pecunias nullas a Walsinghamo recepi, nisi paulo ante apprehensionem meam Parisiis, quin illud in genere Morgano innotuit, novit utique me pecunias ab illo recepisse. Patet in literis meis ad Walsinghamum, interpretatis jam, in quibus scripsi Morganum quidvis facturum contra Card. nostrum et Jesuitas, in iisdem scripsi Morganum valde me urgere ut in Angliam redirem.
|Certum est Wal. cognovisse Mor. conscium fuisse actionibus meis, revera enim semper Walsingham monui Morganum stabilem futurum quoad intelligo ageretur contra III. Card, nostrum. Hæ autem litteræ scriptæ erant diu antequam in carcerem hic conjicerer, ex quo patet ista quæ de Morg. afFectione in Card, dixi non esse fictiones. Literæ enim istæ scriptæ erant post primam meam reditionem ex Anglia, quando Morganus ut reverterer persuasit.
|Scripsi autem talia de Morgano ad Wals. ex fundamento consultationum quæ habitæ inter nos tunc erant, et quia tunc temporis habuimus librum præ manibus conficiendum contra Card, et Jesuitas. Literæ istæ Parisiis nescio quomodo erant interceptæ, nunquam tamen mihi major quam hoc tempore cum Morgano intercessit familiaritas quod argumentum est me nihil simulasse, ab illo autem tempore tres jam completi sunt anni. Quod ad librum coa Jesuitas attinet, cum po esset in Anglia egimus super hoc articulo, sed bona fide quod ad me attinet nunquam putavi fore ut ad exitum duceretur. Sed cum ex Anglia rediissem po egit mecum Morganus ut redirem, at persuaderi nolui; fecit tandem ut hoc me Grat. exoraret, cui ad tempus restiti, tandem vero succubui, et pro prætextu tarn repentini reditus una omnes conclusimus librum conficiendum. Grateleius totum confecit, Morganus multos discursus sub-ministravit, sæpe autem per duas horas continuas solitus est mecum discurrere de rebus contra Card, et P. Personium, quorum rerum summam in librum conclusimus, veluti illud de episcopis et eorum ambitione, et discursum contra generalem invasionem Angliæ.
|Dixit insuper se potuisse integra volumina ponigere contra P. Personium sæpius rogavit ut librum videret, ego autem ilium de die in diem rejici metuens ne opportunitatem nactus alio tempore contra nos inde sibi commodum faceret. Tandem conclusimus, Grate, et ego, ut librum jam in Angliam niissum diceremus, quod iJle admodum moleste tulit, dicens: Domini niei numquid non videbo fructus laborum nostrorum; semper illi hoc placuit dc Hispanis ut nobiscum nihil omnino tractarent, sæpius que dicere solitus erat: Quid (Giffor.) Portugalia a rege Hisp. capta exemplo potest esse universæ Europæ. Alias solebat addere : Recuperata patria nostra posse nos pro libito in Flandria usurpare, et licet auxilium ab utraque parte desiderasset, semper tamen.
|Sæpius explicavi Morgano totam seriem et omnia particularia libri illius priusquam mecum in Angliam portassem. Consensimus omnes ut traderetur, erat enim ille prætextus ultimi mei reditus in Angliam, revera autem ex parte mea totum hoc ideo erat factum ut negotium illud de interficienda Regina Angl. conficerem, quod tunc agebatur, et nobiles complurimi in id conjurassent.
|Sermones ejus contra III. Card, erant frequentes in ore. Ante promotionem asserens scandalosum fuisse seminaria ab illo sic desseri, et quod jam tandem compertum esset Card, non fuisse adeo ægrægie doctum ut hominum ferebat opinio et hoc illi Romæ scriptum aiebat; curavit etiam diligenter rumores istos Parisiis disseminari. Addidit præterea insinuatum fuisse Papæ Card. fuisse de regio sanguine oriundum ad maturandam promotionem, et quod inter D. Lewis Episcopuni modo Cassanensem et Card. potuit et voluit dissidium facere, et sæpius mihi recensuit particularia ejus molimina in Card. v. g. quando Card, venit ad Episcopum Glasconensem, ut literas ab eo impetraret ad fratrem regis Franciæ tunc in Anglia agentem ut P. Campiano Societatis Jesu sacerdote ab hereticis condemnato et postea martyrizato intercederet, dixit mihi Morganus se prævenisse eum apud Episcopum illique sic in aurem insusurasse, ut Card. Episcopus valde frigide acceptum dimitteret; fundamentum autem, quo alienaretur Episcopus, erat quod inconsulto Episcopo Glas. Card. Jesuitas et sacerdotes in Angliam mitteret.
|Post promotionem Card, solebat rumores spargere Card, magis fuisse ambitiosum ipso Wolseio, et tunc seminari fecit nova de Rege Scotiæ, quod futurus esset Catholicus, qua in re me actorem esse voluit, asserens necessarium fuisse ut Dux Guisiæ persuaderetur Card, totum addictum fuisse Hispanicæ factioni, et ea de re longos fecit discursus, viz. Seminaria Card, affection em ea in re sequitura, et per consequens totam nationem, nisi mature prævideretur.
|Alias persuasit mihi ut D. Bernardino, legato Eegis Catholici Farisiis, insinuarem Card, in titulum filii Ducis Parmensis inquirere, illique favere et non Regis sui titulo, et quod continuus esset intercursus literarum inter Ovvenum, Duci Parmensi inservientem et Card., et quod illi nescio ipso D. Bernardino multa tractarent, et illi præriperent suas intelligentias, et hoc revera D. Bernardino narravi. Sæpius autem Morganus a me quæsivit quis eorum esset agens pro Uteris transportandis mortuo Brinchio. Dixi me neminem existimare in eo officio positum, tantum putabam iitteras per manus Evani transferri, unde persuasit mihi ut illius interciperem sarcinalas, quod profecto nunquam feci. De libro contra epistolam scriptam D. Gulielmo Stanleio neque Morganus neque Gratelius intellexerunt quicquam. De Gratlei profectione Romam versus nunquam neque scivi neque audivi, nisi post incarcerar.ionem meam. De Morgano quid fecerit nescio. Sæpius mihi dixit Morganus hoc nobis persuasum esse debere Card, et Jesuitas nobis futuros imperpetumm inimicissimos, quod ipsum sæpius inculcavit, causam dans (quantum memini) librum istum, et sua in illos machinamenta; et in hunc finem, ut partes suas fbrtiores redderet, cmnes qui Rhemis venerant continuo tentavit, et si quam in eis dispositionem inveneral., egit statim ut eos ad suam traheret factionem.
|Verba ilia quæ scripsi, viz. potuisse nos etiam in ipsum Pontificem scripsisse, si Morgani humorem fuissemus sequti, ideo scripta fuere ut ostenderem Morganum ut sibi in hac re satisfaceret, non curare in quern scriberet aut cui malediceret, aut quibus mediis res conficerentur, modo sibi quod vellet succederet, semel enim mihi persuasit ut magnum Angliæ Thesaurarium adirem eodem modo quo Walsinghamum adiissem, et ut cum eo etiam agerem; sed quia novi Thesaurarium contrariæ fuisse factionis Walsinghamo non approbavi consilium.
|De Grateleio nunquam audivi ex quo Parisiis in Germaniam profectus est, nisi semel sunt autem illæ iiteræf iilius semper Parisiis in quibus nominat Bentivolios, neque ego ad ilium scripsi nisi semel, idque quando Philippus ad me scripsit ut ilium revocarem, erat enim id temporis nobis omnibus valde oftensus. In conscientia dico nunquam novi Gratelium aliquas a Vals. pecunias accepisse; a Staffordio oratore Reginæ quod fecerit nescio.
|Gilbertus Giffordius.
|Copy, 4 pp.
|716. Richard Douglas to Archibald Douglas.
|1588, Aug. 14.
|Ever since the day Roger Ashton departed, I have been attending upon his Majesty, for the performing that which at receipt of yours dated July 28 he promised, and if these tumults and bruits of the coming of the Spaniards in this country had not driven his Majesty from the quietness wherein he then was to this town again, where he is so full of business, long ere this that matter had been performed. Yesternight finding his leisure I entered in purpose with him in these terms; that I knew you would accuse me of great sloth and negligence for not answering your last letters that concerned his Majesty's service, requiring expedition. Therefore I humbly besought him that he would either conclude the matter last in hand, or else if he thought you should continue in doing his service, that he should direct what way to proceed, otherwise you could not but fall into some great error. Hereupon his Majesty began to open up to me how far matters had passed betwixt this Ambassador and him, what offers he had made for his satisfaction, and how now they seemed there to go back from them. The offers were these : that by and above the assurance under the Great Seal of England that this last proceeding against his Majesty's mother had not, nor should not, prejudge him nor his title, yet for his further satisfaction they should give him the title of a Duchy with sufficient revenue, five thousand pounds (not as a pension), a hundred horsemen upon the Borders on their charges, and fifty gentlemen about him for his guard. These are the offers which he says the Ambassador delivered unto him, subscribed under his hand as Ambassador. And now it seems that they would go back from some of these offers, which puts his Majesty in suspicion of their inhonest and unthankful mind towards him. He desires that you insist very earnestly both with the Queen and her Council that they diminish not but rather augment these offers, that you remind them of the danger like to ensue to them and to this whole isle if his Majesty should at this time have just occasion of miscontentment, which he cannot but have by this ridiculous kind of proceeding with him, saying one thing this day and the contrary the next; how unthankfully they have dealt with him, who had declared himself party for them against all their enemies, contented to have borne equal fortune with them for defence of this Isle; to assure them that if they use him so hardly he has the means to be avenged by joining those who, with the greatest and most advantageous offers, seek nothing but his friendship and concurrence against that country. He therefore desires you to insist earnestly with them all, but principally with the Queen, that if she mean to deal honestly with him, the Commissioners may be directed, (whom he desires to be men of credit, but principally Mr. Secretary, if he might be spared,) to meet upon offers to be made unto him, and to conclude the league; and for that he promises that the Chancellor of this realm shall be directed Commissioner for him. This is the sum of the conference that passed betwixt his Majesty and me yesternight, which he commanded me to write to you with all possible haste, promising to set down those articles under his own hand to be sent unto you. In like manner he desired you in his name to give thanks to the Earl of Leicester for the good will and favour he showed to his service, praying him to continue therein, principally at this time, whereof his Majesty would never be unmindful, of which he will assure him by letter one of these days.
|We are here making all possible preparation of forces to resist all foreigners minded, as we hear, to land in this country. His Majesty is occupied in sending and directing of noblemen and others for fortifying all places upon our coasts, and to have the country in readiness in arms to be employed as his Majesty shall give directions. All Lothian, Lauderdale, and the rest of this East and North part, is commanded to be here the 19th of this month to attend upon his Majesty's person, the rest of the country severally according to their shires to be in arms and await upon the appointed Lieutenant in every several shire, to be employed as occasion shall serve. We have no certairity what is become of this Spanish army naval, except that it is gone northward, neither any certainty of the event of the last conflict was betwixt the two armies in the pass of Calais, saving that by their going northward it is thought the English have been victorious, principally since they were minded there to have joined the Duke of Parma, and so that they are at least put that far by their purpose. His Majesty and this country was fully resolved to have taken plain part against whatsoever strangers for defence of this whole Isle, if this one thwart dealing alter not this determination. I pray God the Queen and her Council may conceive of our Sovereign as he deserves at their hand, and not deal cunningly with him as they would do with those they suspected, for then it is very apparent they shall compel him to do his worst. Those in this country that are assured to Spain are glad of these cross dealings, and are busy enough to set forward these courses, to the hurt of England, but, if her Majesty will do her duty, their labour will be in vain.—From Edinburgh, this 14th of August 1588.
|2½ pp.
|717. "J. Par" to the Cardinal of Seville.
|[1588, Aug. 14.]
|Beasti nos aspectu tuo (Illustrissime Princeps), atque adeo tanta hac qua nobis pates facilitate cogis, ut quern erga nationem nostram amorem quamplurimis in Catholicos extorres collatis beneficiis, pro eo pauci cæterorum nomine, vel potius pro omnibus ego, gratias quantas uno animo concipere possumus maximas meritissimo agamus. Enimvero nunc jam veras experimur illas benignitatis tuæ laudes, quas de te sæpissime nobis audiencibus solebat habere Alanus. Nullius enim mortalis memoriam libentius tenet quam tui optimus ille et vestri amantissimus Cardinalis Alanus. Quin etiam confirmatas jam et quasi maturos in te agnoscimus geminas et quasi domesticas Castrensis familiæ virtutes, quas in generosissimo patruele tuo nobilissimo Comite de Lymos, dum nostrum Pynciæ collegium inviseret, efflorescentes vidimus affabilitatem set et beneficentiam.
|Ac demum ex utrisque vobis dum ilium animis absentem colimus te nunc oculis presentem intuemur, ea in nobis regiæ illius et clarissimæ omnium apud Anglos Lancastrensis familia memoria reviviscit, ut quotquot ex ilia potentissimorum regum invictissimorum Ducum optimorum præclarissimorumque principium in annalibus nostris extant præconia; ea omnia in te atque ipsum in quibus regius illorum ctiamnum animus integer remansit; tacita mentium nostrarum cogitatione conferamus; necnon speremus aliquando fore ut et nos domi libere prædicare possimus, et omnes posteri libenter aonoscere Cardinalem Castrensem ex regio illo quern ex Anglia sanguine sumsisti regalem in Anglos munificentiam effudisse. Cæpisti jam fœliciter dum Vallesoletanum illud seminarium tanta tua liberalitate juvando spem Angliæ recuperandæ non exiguam fecisti, atque adeo a te suppliciter obsecramus ut pergere velis beneficentiæ quo tua te virtus et benignitas vocat. Seminariis alendis haud scio an quicquam Deo gratius esse possit, certe nihil unquam Ecclesiæ commodius, neque aliquando Anglis tuis necessarium magis, neque denique tibi ad æterni temporis prædictionem gloriosius erit, quam ut id nobis prestes quod diu Scythis exhibuit Constantinop. P. Johes ille Chrisostomus. Hic vir sanctissimus gentes has quantunobis barbaras miseratus, Ariana turn peste misere laborantes, seminarium illis et ecclesiam in sua sede aperuit, ut spem et spiritus purgandæ patriæ conciperent. Domestica etiam tibi non desunt exempla, Stus Jidorus enim laudatissimus hujus urbis Antistes seminarium hic Hispalense quidem instituit, in quo adolescentes generis et ingenii laude comendatos et in iis D. Alfonsum Toletanum, "D. Branlivum, Cæsar Austanum, postea pontifices mirabiliter exudivit. Quod ille suis Hispanis, idem si tu tuis Anglis (si tuos appellem eos e quorum optimis regibus oriundus es) quosque charitate et benevolentia tuos facis faciundum putares, extarent profecto æterna tibi hujus rei in cælis mcrita et in terris ubique gentium vestigia non ad exigui temporis recordationem pressa leviter, sed ad memoriam fixa sempiternam.
|In ea enim tempora incidimus ut nulla pene Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ restituendæ spes reliqua sit nisi in solis seminariis, ex quibus sicut sagittæ in manu potentis ita filii excussorum, qui ita in omnipotentis Dei manu contra inimicos ejus quotidie fiunt, sagittæ parvulorum factæ sunt plaga eorum. Beatum igitur eodem Psalmista authore prædicamus eum qui suum benefaciendi desiderium impleat ex ipsis, non solum non confundetur cum loquetur inimicis snis ad portam, sed muros Ecclesiæ plane confundet. Ad illud bellum contra hæreticos, qui hic sunt fratrum suorum vestigiis insistentes proficiscuntur, utiuam tarn armis et virtutibus instructi quam animis inflammati, eo quod tuam nacti benedictionem captorum et afflictorum in Anglia confratrum approbationem nacturi sunt; nihil enim illis gratius ad audiendum, nihil istis suavius ad reeordandum esse poterit quam ut possint dicere, benigna to nos benedictione venientes beasse, et fausta absentes precatione prosequtum fuisse.
|Endorsed:—"1588, 14 Aug.—This is the oration made to the Cardinal of Sivill by 'J. Par,' as I take hyt, which you willed me to wryte owte. I was not in place when this was made, & therefore know not well who made hyt, but as I herde and procured the copye."
|Copy. 1¼ pp.
|718. Ordnance, &c. at Limerick Castle.
|1588, Aug. 22.
|Comprising brass ordnance of cannon and culverin, shot, elm planks, mowing scythes, shirts of mail (21), longbows, black bills (116), &c., besides unserviceable corslets, morions, burgonets, &c.
|2 pp.
|719. Richard Douglas to Archibald Douglas.
|[1588], Aug. 23.
|Marvels at not having heard from him, and thinks perhaps his letters have been intercepted. For his part intends to abstain from all dealing for a space, and to withdraw himself from Court and his Majesty's presence, unless his lordship commands otherwise, for he doubts not that, when his Majesty has had proof of other men's service, and what they can and will do for him, he will think the better of his lordship and of his actions, and consider how he has wronged himself by using him as he does. He is indeed marvellously incensed against his lordship, but for what cause he cannot find out. Intends by the grace of God to be at the Convention in Stirling on the 20th of this month, after which his lordship shall hear from him. Meanwhile must needs let him understand that there is a very great appearance of division and new factions in this country, for at his Highness' being in the north, the Master of Glamis, Mar, and the Justice Clerk have taken the means that the King has appointed with the Earl of Erroll and almost all the rest of that faction, as he wrote before; whereof the Chancellor has taken so great fear that, to make him also a party, he has caused the Lord Claud to be put at liberty and is now about to agree him with his brother; to please them also he has caused Maxwell to be transported to Edinburgh, and will very shortly procure his liberty. He hath himself agreed with Bothwell, and is now travailing to agree him and Home, wherein he uses the Master of Gray. So now have they greater factions than before, and by particular men's ambition his Majesty's service is ruined. On the other side, the Master and Justice Clerk have over ten Earls, Erroll, Mar, Huntly, who comes shortly also out of ward, and a great number of others.
|If his Lordship deems it any way expedient, thinks it would not be difficult to join him in friendship and dealing with this last faction, for he knows that the Justice Clerk bears him the same and even greater good will than he always professed. Begs to know his mind herein as secretly and surely as may be.
|The Chancellor is on Monday to go to Stirling, and has requested all this country and his friends in other parts to accompany him, for he carries with him Mr. Walter Lindsay, whom on the 19th of this month he apprehended quietly in Edinburgh in his brother's house. Entreats his Lordship that this and all other letters he may write to him may be either burnt or else kept close and shown to no man, for there are some of his letters the substance of which has met with him here, to his own and his Lordship's discredit.
|Assures him there is fear of late begun of a dealing between some of this State and the Duke of Parma and other Princes, and that by the consent (but privily) of his Majesty.
|If Mr. John Colvill does not return satisfied in the principal matters it will appear more plainly, and he fears his Majesty in choler will declare himself farther than ever he did hitherto. Sees the grounds thereof sufficiently laid already, and the enemies to the State here think they have already won their process. Suspects the Chancellor shall fall on that side. What he can learn farther of this matter will advertise as occasion affords.—Whittingham, 23 August.
|3 pp.
|720. Yves de Gourmille.
|1588, Aug. 21.
|Warrant, under the Privy Signet, to permit one Yves de Gourmille, a French gentleman who had suffered sundry losses at the hands of pirates, to transport a certain number of calf skins into France.—St. James's, 24 August 1588.
|1 p.
|721. Thomas Mills to Archibald Douglas.
|1588, Aug. 26.
|By the inclosed you will see that all in Kent are in health, and pass their time as merrily as they can. As soon as I came to the town (I came this noon tide), the post brought me word that there is a packet come from Mr. Worton. God send good news! because as I take it he is come to Berwick, for the packet bore date from thence under his hand the 22nd of this present. Good Sir, by this bearer in a word or two let me know how the world stands since my going.—26 August 1588.
|¼ p.
|722. Robert Bowes to Archibald Douglas.
|1588, Aug. 27.
|At the hands of Stephen Lussier I received from you two packets, severally addressed to M. Moulins and Mr. Douglas, and finding M. Moulins returned towards London, and departed from hence before the receipt of your letters, I have therefore sent back unto him with this bearer the packet directed to him. The other I despatched presently on receipt thereof. The news in these parts are so sufficiently known to the bearer, as I have chosen to commend them to his report unto you.—At Berwick, the 27th of August 1588.
|¼ p.
|723. Samuel Cookburne to Archibald Douglas.
|1588, Aug. 30.
|Intercedes on behalf of Patrick Morris, a young merchant who, "partly through negligence and partly by youth," has offended his lordship, but who is now thoroughly repentant.—Edinburgh, the penult of August 1588.
|1 p.
|724. Edward Johnstone.
|1588, Aug. 30.
|Warrant, under the Privy Signet, to enable Edward Johnstone, a Scottish merchant, to export a certain quantity of broad cloth.—St. James's, 30 August 1588.
|1 p.

subset: commoncrawl


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The photo was shot using a Panasonic DMC-TZ10 camera at an aperture of f/6.3, 1/125 sec. shutter speed and ISO 80. Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode. The original image file has a resolution of 3757 x 2760 pixels, or in other words 10.4 megapixels.The photo has a resolution of 180 DPI and occupies a disk space of 2.72 megabytes.
According to the image metadata, the photo was shot on Monday 6th of April 2015. The local time was 12:17:11. The timezone was Europe / London, which is GMT +01:00. Please note that timezone was guessed using the GPS coordinates and may not be accurate. The EXIF timestamp may also be wrong if the date and time weren't set correctly in the digital camera.
Panasonic DMC-TZ10 camera has a built-in GPS receiver and allows geotagging on image files. The coordinates and location where the photo was taken is stored in the EXIF. According to GPS data analysis, the photo was taken at coordinates 51° 50' 57.45" N , 0° 14' 8.17" W. The elevation was 0 meters. Using reverse geocoding, the address associated with the coordinates is guessed as 88 High Street, Codicote, Hitchin, Hertfordshire SG4 8XE, UK. Depending on the GPS receiver and the reception conditions the accuracy may vary and the address should not be regarded as exact location.
Hill Farm Lane, , United Kingdom
2.35 km / 1.46 miles away
Church Cottages, Ayot Saint Lawrence, , United Kingdom
2.7 km / 1.68 miles away
Old Knebworth Lane, Knebworth, , United Kingdom
3.1 km / 1.93 miles away
Courtyard Cottages, Ayot Saint Peter, , United Kingdom
3.46 km / 2.15 miles away
Ayot St Peter Road, , United Kingdom
4.18 km / 2.59 miles away
Digswell Lane, Welwyn, , United Kingdom
4.52 km / 2.8 miles away
Lilley Bottom Road, , United Kingdom
5.54 km / 3.44 miles away
Unnamed Road, Hatfield, , United Kingdom
5.57 km / 3.46 miles away
Marford Road, Hatfield, , United Kingdom
5.8 km / 3.6 miles away
Marford Road, Hatfield, , United Kingdom
5.88 km / 3.65 miles away
Fore Street, Hatfield, , United Kingdom
9.86 km / 6.12 miles away
Church Street, Hatfield, , United Kingdom
10.11 km / 6.28 miles away
Childwick Green, , United Kingdom
10.98 km / 6.82 miles away
High Street, Hitchin, England, United Kingdom
11.35 km / 7.05 miles away
Fore Street, Weston, , United Kingdom
12.92 km / 8.03 miles away


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Mauricio Pochettino has compared Tottenham Hotspur midfielder Harry Winks to FC Barcelona legends Xavi Hernandez and Andres Iniesta.
Earlier this week, Gareth Southgate bemoaned the nation's lack of creative players, however, Pochettino believes he again has the answer to the Three Lions' problems in Winks.
The 22-year-old has been struggling with a long-term ankle injury but looks to be finally returning to full fitness and is expected to feature against Liverpool on Saturday.
Pochettino on Winks: "Xavi and Iniesta, he's like this type of player"
MADRID, SPAIN – MAY 27: Captain Andres Iniesta offers the King's Cup to the audience after winning the Copa Del Rey Final between FC Barcelona and Deportivo Alaves at Vicente Calderon Stadium on May 27, 2017 in Madrid, Spain. (Photo by Gonzalo Arroyo Moreno/Getty Images)
Mauricio Pochettino has drawn comparisons between Harry Winks and Spanish legends Xavi Hernandez and Andres Iniesta.
The Argentine believes the Tottenham academy product is "the perfect midfield player".
Pochettino said:
"Harry has the profile of the perfect midfield player.
"His characteristics are perfect. When we talk about midfielders like Xavi and Iniesta, he's like this type of player.
"He has this capacity but he needs to take my words in a very positive way – he needs a lot of work.
"He has the possibility and the potential, of course, but now it is up to him and we go again: mentality.
"In his mind he is capable to learn about suffering: there never is enough training, always try to be better."
Pochettino on Winks: "He will be one of the best midfielders in England"
SAINT PETERSBURG, RUSSIA – JUNE 15: Gareth Southgate, Manager of England in conversation during an england training session on June 15, 2018 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. (Photo by Alex Morton/Getty Images)
England's lack of creative left them falling just short in Russia as Luka Modric's Croatia defeated the Three Lions to reach the World Cup final.
This lack of creativity has been much discussed in England, however, Pochettino believes Harry Winks is the player to solve England's biggest issue on the pitch.
"Football must be his focus, not the business around football.
"Maybe he will play at a very good level and be one of the best midfielders in England.
"If he wants to take my advice, take it. If people don't want to take it, we cannot help.
"But of course his potential is to be a very, very good player for England and Tottenham.
"First for Tottenham and then, if England believe that he can help them, for England, too."
Harry Winks' injury issues
BURNLEY, ENGLAND – APRIL 01: Harry Winks of Tottenham Hotspur is taken off injured on a stretcher during the Premier League match between Burnley and Tottenham Hotspur at Turf Moor on April 1, 2017 in Burnley, England. (Photo by Jan Kruger/Getty Images)
Since suffering ankle ligament damage at Burnley back in April 2017, Harry Winks has been in and out of contention.
After returning from injury the following season to twice put in two dominant displays against Real Madrid, the injury once again flared up.
This then caused the midfielder to miss the majority of last season after undergoing surgery.
Winks is hoping that after long-winded surgery his injury struggles have disappeared as he prepares to face Liverpool tomorrow.
Read more Tottenham Hotspur news here:
Tottenham injury boost: Update on Hugo Lloris' injury timetable
Mauricio Pochettino remaining coy over Toby Alderweireld's Spurs future


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This has been the coldest winter I can remember in my 20 years in Georgia, and I know the rest of the country has been suffering. In honor of the fact that it is supposed to be Spring, here are a few jokes to make us all smile!
What flowers grow on faces? Tulips.
What do you get when you pour hot water down a rabbit hole? A hot cross bunny.
What did the dirt say to the rain? If this keeps up, my name will be mud!
Why do mother kangaroos hate rainy days? Because then the children have to play inside.
What did the fog say to the light rain after her vacation? I mist you.
What do you call a snowman with a six pack? An abdominal snowman.
Spring is here. I'm so excited, I wet my plants!
I hope Spring really arrives soon and we all start to thaw out. Even if it doesn't, I hope these jokes made you smile more than groan!


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JoLivi is an up and coming artist who has recently dropped a single called "Love Who You Wanna Love." She has some exciting things planned for the world of music in 2017, so take the time now to learn more about her! 1. Hi, JoLivi! Tell us a bit about yourself. Hello!!! Thank you so much for the interview. Well, I was born and raised in Hawai'i on the island of O'ahu. After high school, I went … [Read more...] about Sing Out #LikeaGirl: An Interview with JoLivi
Films to Watch for Black History Month
Black history month is near. In February we celebrate black achievements and commemorate important events. It's also the time we learn about historical events we may not have known about. Sure there are countless books about people and important movements to read, but some of us don't have the time to concentrate on a book. Reading can take time and to be honest — films can teach us things faster. … [Read more...] about Films to Watch for Black History Month
Perform #LikeaGirl: Meet Ashley Roberts from the Pussycat Dolls
[clickToTweet tweet="'Surround yourself with supportive, driven, and loving people.' @ImAshleyRoberts #missmillmag" quote="'Surround yourself with supportive, driven, and loving people.' -Ashley Roberts"] You might know Ashley Roberts from her time performing with the PussyCat Dolls or from her gig as host of NBC's show 1st Look. But there's so much more to learn about her! Read on to learn … [Read more...] about Perform #LikeaGirl: Meet Ashley Roberts from the Pussycat Dolls
In the Spotlight #LikeaGirl: An Interview with Keltie Knight
Keltie Knight had humble beginnings as a young girl growing up in Canada who just loved to dance. It's her dancing that eventually brought her to the United States, and she began rising through the ranks. Her broadcasting career began when she hosted an episode of CMT's Top Twenty Countdown, and now she is a weekly host of The Insider on CBS. There is a lot we can learn from her life in the … [Read more...] about In the Spotlight #LikeaGirl: An Interview with Keltie Knight
Twinning #LikeaGirl: An Interview with Leslie and Lindsey
Leslie and Lindsey Philip run a lifestyle and fashion blog together called #SmartBlondes. They work to empower all women to believe in themselves...and help them look fabulous at the same time. In addition to being a blogging powerhouse, Leslie and Lindsey also volunteer together and share a love of cats. Continue reading to learn more about them and to be inspired by their insightful advice! 1. … [Read more...] about Twinning #LikeaGirl: An Interview with Leslie and Lindsey
Easy Tips for Keeping a Clean House with Pets
This post is sponsored by World's Best Cat Litter™ and the BlogPaws® Pet Influencer Network™. I am being compensated to help share World's Best Cat Litter, but we only share information we feel is relevant to our readers. World's Best Cat Litter is not responsible for the content of this article. via GIPHY Pets are an absolute joy. It's been proven that pet owners are happier than those … [Read more...] about Easy Tips for Keeping a Clean House with Pets
Top 5 Ways to Throw an Amazing Social Gathering
This #MixedWithTrop post is sponsored by Megan Media and Tropicana. All opinions are 100% my own. Thank you for supporting the brands that make Miss Millennia Magazine possible! No matter how petty it may sound, you always want to be the friend that threw the best social gathering. You want to be the one that had a social gathering so awesome that it will be talked about for years! Your other … [Read more...] about Top 5 Ways to Throw an Amazing Social Gathering
Holy Moses! The Release of the Fifty Shades Darker Trailer
OH. MY. GOODNESS. That's all I can say after seeing the Fifty Shades Darker trailer that was recently released. I was already giddy with excitement knowing that the next movie in the series was going to be coming out, but they really out did themselves. Now before we further discuss and dissect the trailer, here it is for those that have not seen it yet. Need a minute? I know I did after … [Read more...] about Holy Moses! The Release of the Fifty Shades Darker Trailer
I Lost Summer Vacation, When Can I Have Fun?
Summer has always been my very favorite season. In summer, the weather's nice and warm; you can break out those cute sundresses again... And best of all, there's no school. But once we enter the so-called "real world," summer vacation becomes a thing of the past. Instead of sleeping until noon and lounging by the pool all day, we now have to spend those glorious months of summer in an office … [Read more...] about I Lost Summer Vacation, When Can I Have Fun?
25 Ways to Fight Stigma in the Media
I'm packing my bags for Alexandria, VA and heading off to present at the Mental Health America Conference this week! The Power of Storytelling Gutless, Grateful and the Power of Words: Healing Through Our Stories I couldn't be more excited to be part of this year's conference. And this year's theme particularly excited me: Media, Messaging and Mental Health. In their own words: MHA's … [Read more...] about 25 Ways to Fight Stigma in the Media
My Top 10 Summer Road Trip Essentials
I have been going on road trips for almost my entire life, both short (only an hour or so) and long (up to nine hours). I've even been on three choir tours in college, during which I essentially live in a charter bus for one week. So, I feel like at this point I have some road trip wisdom to pass on. Going on a summer road trip can be a great way to bond with friends or family. Overcoming … [Read more...] about My Top 10 Summer Road Trip Essentials


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Sushma Sindhu
Contact me
On Blogger since February 2008
Profile views - 2263
My blogs
Blogs I follow
|Besides penning down and decoding my unusually symbolic dreams, I fancy learning new- necessary stuffs, respect individuality, admire humanistic values and believe in the strength with in oneself than in external existence. My book, 'PAYANA SAGIDHANTHE...'(AS THE JOURNEY PROCEEDS...),receiving grant from karnataka state book academy got published in 2005 and is awarded twice. Some dreams are finding place in magazines…. Well, as It's my dream , I obviously own the copy right of writings. Here are some, all I loved to share… COPY RIGHT © Sushma Sindhu
|dreams, strumming guitar, reading, nature, life, humanity, movies, blogging, photography, music..


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We are a full service hydraulic pump and hydrostatic transmission business. We have the ability to service about 90% of the components on the market today. Our new building has over 5,000 square feet designed for one purpose...rebuilding pumps and motors. Each one of our employees has over 20 years of hydraulic experience with backgrounds in agriculture and construction equipment. If your model number is unknown, give us a call. We can measure your specs and supply you with a new unit or rebuild yours.
WARNING: This form is not to be used for solicitation. Solicitation is a violation of the Terms and Conditions of this site. Solicitors will have their IP banned and reported to the FCC. We will keep your personal information private and secure.We will not share your email address with any third parties.


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By Pinkellie
hi, all. New to this site and I've found some great info on here. I've just had a horrible day and not for the first time because my self employed parter won't take a day off work to look after our kids 8months and 3 when I have an attack. I've tried to explain but he dosent seem to get it that I absolutely have to go and sleep in a dark quiet room on my own. By the time the attack has started I can barely put a sentence together, and I don't really think I should have to beg him, surely he should know that if I'm hiding under the duvet and communicating in grunts I'm in a bad way.
I don't have any family nearby, luckily today I got a friend to come over in the afternoon and take the kids outside while I slept but this morning, I was just passed out, the baby could have got into anything, then I passed out again feeding her and woke to find my son had soiled himself some time ago and was sat in his own mess.
I just find it impossible to assert myself when I'm having an attack, especially as I know he would make a huge fuss if he had to cancel jobs, and I just can't deal with that when I've got a migraine.
Has anybody else got through to their partner how utterly debilitating it is to be left caring for kids when you can't care for yourself?


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Mapecem Quickpatch
Mapecem Quickpatch is a versatile, fast-setting, cementitious material used for the patching of interior/exterior concrete surfaces including concrete floors, driveways, footpaths and concrete pads, setting fast for easy, cost efficient repairs, minimising job site turnaround time. Mapecem Quickpatch is ideal for patching prior to grinding and polishing concrete and can be applied from featheredge to 75mm for ramping or filling, making it ideal for restoring damaged concrete surfaces to a uniform, superior, better-than-new appearance.
Sizes: 11.3kg and 4.5kg bags.


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Malik Jefferson posted his third double-double of the season, but Mount St. Mary's fell to Saint Francis U 72-63 at Knott Arena on Saturday afternoon.
Jefferson paced the Mount with 20 points and 10 rebounds.
Mount St. Mary's (5-18, 2-8 Northeast Conference) started the game strong, taking a 19-10 lead. Jefferson opened the scoring with a bucket in the paint, and Omar Habwe added a 3-pointer to give the Mount a 5-0 lead.
After Saint Francis U (10-11, 6-4) cut the deficit to 11-8 on an Isaiah Blackmon traditional three-point play, the Mount went on an 8-2 run to take its biggest lead of the game at 19-10 with 11:22 left in the first half. Collin Nnamene scored...


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Olympiodorus the Younger:
Commentary on the Aristotle's Meteorology (d570)
Taken from: Aristotle's Meteorology and Its Reception in the Arab World: With an Edition ... edited by Paul Lettinck
How can there be rain in summer in Ethiopia and Arabia, when there is no moisture that can be dissolved?
The answer is that the moisture gathers in another place; then the north wind carries the clouds until they come
upon the Mountains of the Moon or Silver Mountains. They condense by compression and change into rain.
People say this is also the cause of the rising of the Nile. Three other causes are mentioned: the snow in the
Mountains of the Moon melts in summer; the source of the Nile is in the southern hemisphere, where it is winter
when it is summer with us, ….
Taken from: The Works of Aristotle: The Treatises of Aristotle, on the heavens, on generation by Aristotle
… when the Nile is said to flow from the Silver Mountains, those mountains are called Silver from containing the
metal silver, just as the river Chrysorrohas, which is also called Pactolus, is so denominated from ...


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The following applications have been filed by NGO Transmission, Inc., and are pending before the Ohio Power Siting Board. Below are the case numbers and the titles of the cases. Click the case number in order to view the application.
Case No. 18-1336-GA-BNR: NGO Transmission, Inc. Construction Notice for Pipeline Replacement Project (Line 3-E/National Road) Licking Township, Licking County, Ohio.
Case No. 17-1476-GA-BNR Licking Trails (Line 3-E) Pipeline Replacement Project
Case No 17-1994-GA-BLN City of Heath (Line 3-F) Pipeline Replacement Project


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Thursday, 22 July 2004
Western Morning News (Plymouth) - Solo protesters who became a dads' army
T HEY'RE the "super-hero" dads who dress up as Spiderman, Batman and Robin and camp out on the rafters of the Tamar Bridge. They've sat out the skin-biting cold of nights atop cranes, and even scaled the Royal Courts of Justice.
Their fondness for heights as a platform for protest is matched by the bitter humour of their costumes.
And one of their number, Ron Davis, catapulted them into the national spotlight by peppering Tony Blair with purple flour in the House of Commons.
Yesterday, up to 100 members of Fathers 4 Justice were threatening more protests, and risking imprisonment, over a Government Green Paper aimed at giving fathers greater access to their children.
Significantly, it did not include any legal presumption to shared parenting and was condemned as "playing politics with children's lives".
This is all dramatic stuff.
Anyone who dismisses the campaigners of Fathers 4 Justice as comic sensation-seekers has overlooked their passionate seriousness. They liken their separation from their children following divorce to a "living bereavement". And they are as well organised as they are motivated.
Their tactics have been vindicated, because F4J, as it is snappily known, has become a phenomenon - so much so that it has even been compared with the civil rights movements of the 1960s. That's how rapidly it has progressed from a few dads whispering of revolution to an organisation that claims up to 10,000 members, and is expanding into Holland, Australia and the USA.
Matt O'Connor, who founded Fathers 4 Justice in December 2002, explained: "It's quite astonishing the sea-change that has come about since F4J came on the scene. We've got so many people wanting to join that we are struggling to cope." He set up F4J along Greenpeace lines with a strategy of attention-grabbing "direct action" protests. These were to be the vehicle for the message.
The gravity of that message has now been underlined with the group's own document - "A Blueprint for Family Law in the 21st Century: The Case for Urgent, Radical Reform".
It sets out the heartbreaking effects of British family law on fathers, mothers, grandparents - but especially children. F4J argues that there should be an automatic presumption in law that both separated parents should have equal contact to their children, unless there are demonstrable reasons otherwise, such as the threat of violence or abuse. The document sets out ten articles for a Bill of Rights for the Family which it wants enshrined in law.
Mr O'Connor said: "Our campaign is for equality between both sexes. We want justice for mothers and fathers." The Tories have backed the call for equal parenting rights - and the Government has been moved to respond with its Green Paper.
That's how far this issue has moved up the national agenda. It is a world removed from a campaign that began with scrawled slogans on placards, solitary fathers chaining themselves, suffragette-like, to railings, or picketing judges' country homes on a Sunday afternoon.
It's happened with great speed, and it was activists in the Westcountry who were at the forefront - not least 45-year-old Mark Harris, who battled for ten years for access to his daughters, and went through a record 133 hearings.
He is an unlikely rebel - a driving instructor from Plympton, Plymouth. But Matt O' Connor describes the man who was often dismissed as a crank as a "trail-blazer".
Mr Harris formed Dads Against Discrimination, a forerunner of F4J, and set about maximising publicity for fathers' rights. It culminated in a hunger strike after he was jailed for contempt of court.
He said: "The fathers' rights movement started here in Devon with protests at judges' houses, and it's developed very well. I was just an ordinary man who wanted to see his children. What the courts did wasn't for the benefit of my kids. But I wouldn't give up and I wouldn't go away." His eldest daughter, aged 17, now lives with him, and he has good contact with the two others, aged 15 and 13. So if he's now a "fit" father, what's different from ten years ago? He says there would be no need for a change in family law if judges applied existing law fairly.
"The natural father has to prove before the courts that he should see them. Even when he's clearly a loving parent, he has to apply and be assessed. It's absurd and cruel," he said.
He believes those early protests created an unstoppable momentum. They were also tapping into wider social symptoms. One reason they converged into a movement was that for each maverick there were many more aggrieved fathers watching from the touchline. British society had changed so radically within a generation that the breakdown of relationships had gone from being an issue concerning scattered individuals to a social problem.
The statistics point up the scale of it. There were more than 147,000 divorces in England and Wales in 2002, the highest since 1996. F4J calculates that 650 children a day have parents who separate or divorce - 237,250 children were affected in 2001. And 40 per cent of marriages end in separation.
That stacks up to a lot of anguish, broken homes, careers cut short and financial hardship.
Jolly Stanesby, 38, from Ivybridge, has become one of F4J's most prolific protesters, spending three days up a crane in Exeter last September, three days on Tower Bridge in December, and seven days up the Tamar Bridge in January.
He's been campaigning for greater access to his five-year-old daughter, and said: "Everyone is either affected or knows someone who is. I spent a day on the roof of the family court in Plymouth, and the fireman who came up on the ladder said: 'Don't worry, I'm going through the same thing'. We've had policemen at the bridge protests who say: 'We've got to do our jobs and bring you down, but we wish we could be up there with you'." He believes the protests have become more spectacular the more that people feel they have nothing left to lose. But that does not mean that change might even yet be painfully slow in coming.
For the "super-hero" dads who feel they can only make their voices heard by taking to the bridges and rooftops, each day of waiting is too long.
Posted by Devoted Dad at 17:03
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Hope Fri-Die
Hope Fri-die is a wafer thin steel die, made in the USA
I designed this die to coordinate with Hope Ribbon stamp set (sold separately) shortly after I was diagnosed with stage 1 breast cancer in 2015. I found my cancer during my monthly self breast exam and I know that because of this early detection, not only was my life saved, but I was afforded choices in how I wanted to be treated. Breast cancer awareness needs to exist every single month, not just in October. Nearly all of us have been affected by cancer in some way. I hope that you will use this die to create awareness or to send as encouragement to someone you know who has been affected by this horrible disease. I received many cards while I was recovering from my lumpectomy and radiation treatment, and I can't begin to tell you how much it meant to me, and how it brightened my day.


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Friendly, happy, always up for a laugh!
A lot of the models I look up to have been cover models and although it's not something I have done before it would be a dream come true that I gave up on.
I would like to take my parents on a dream holiday.


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The soul is infused into the infant after (about) 45 days in the womb
— Aristotle [pseud.]
Work Title
Place of Publication
Printed for W.B. and are to be sold by most booksellers in London and Westminster
The soul is infused into the infant after (about) 45 days in the womb
Metaphor in Context
If Man would understand the Excellency of the Soul, as far as it is capable of comprehending it self, let him, after serious Recollection, descend into himself, and search diligently his own Mind, and there he shall find so many admirable Gifts, and excellent Ornaments, that it must needs strike him with Wonder and Amazement, as Reason, Understanding, true Choice, ability of Wit, Memory, and divers other Faculties, that absolutely approve the Soul to be more admirable, than that any should imagine it to be finite, or subject to Annihilation, yet by reason of its many Offices and Operations, whilst in the Body it is specified under sundry dominations. For, as St. Augustine saith, when it enlivens the Body, it is called the Soul; when it gives it knowledge, the judgment, the min[d], when it recall things past, the memory, whilst it discourseth and discerneth reason, whilst it contemplates the Spirit, whilst it is in the sensitive parts of the Senses; and these are the principal Offices, whereby the Soul declares its power, and performs its actions; for placed in the highest part of the Body, and nearest Heaven, it diffuseth or disperseth effectually its force into every Member, not propagated from the Parents, nor mixed with gross matter, but the infused Breath of the Almighty, immediately proceeding from him, nor passing from one to another, as fond and absurdly the Pithagoreans have insinuated in their Opinions about the Transmigration of the Soul; and so vain were they, that they did not only imagine the Souls of deceased Men passed into now-born Infants, but into Beasts also; and from thence it was they forbid the eating of Flesh, and abstained themselves from so doing, lest, as they fondly fancied, they might, as Tertullian records it, Eat their Grand-father in a Calf. But such frivolous and superstitious Notions are to be rejected by Christians, and those true ones observed, which are both reasonable and agreeable to humane Capacities; for Orthodox Divines conclude in general, that the Soul is given to every Infant by Infusion, when he or she is perfected in the Womb, which happens about the 45th day after Conception, especially for Males, that in likelihood will be born at the end of Nine Months, but in Females (who are of a weaker Constitution, and not so soon formed and perfected thro' the defect of heat) not till the Fiftieth day.
(pp. 32-4)
(pp. 32-4)
Aristotle's Masterpiece, or, The Secrets of Generation Displayed in all the Parts Thereof ... Very Necessary for all Midwives, Nurses, and Young Married Women (Printed for W.B. and are to be sold by most booksellers in London and Westminster, 1694).
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Goretopus@deleted-1191492 · Google Hack Expert
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Antonio LopezMaker@antoniojoselopez · I'm co-founder and CEO at Facechart.
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