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|American and British English differences
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American and British English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British English differences.
In the early 18th century, English spelling was not standardised. Differences became noticeable after the publishing of influential dictionaries. Current British English spellings follow, for the most part, those of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language (1755), whereas many American English spellings follow Noah Webster's An American Dictionary of the English Language of 1828.[1]
Webster was a strong proponent of spelling reform for reasons both philological and nationalistic. Many spelling changes proposed in the United States of America by Webster himself, and in the early 20th century by the Simplified Spelling Board, never caught on. Among the advocates of spelling reform in England, the influences of those who preferred the Norman (or Anglo-French) spellings of certain words proved to be decisive. Subsequent spelling adjustments in the United Kingdom had little effect on present-day American spellings, and vice-versa. In many cases American English deviated in the 19th century from mainstream British spelling, but it has also retained some older forms.
The spelling systems of Commonwealth countries and Ireland, for the most part, closely resemble the British system. In Canada and Australia, however, where much of the spelling is "British", many "American" spellings are also used. Additional information on Canadian and Australian spelling is provided throughout this article.
In a few cases, essentially the same word has a different spelling which reflects a different pronunciation. However, in most cases the pronunciation of the words is the same, or nearly so.
As well as the miscellaneous cases listed in the following table, the past tenses of some irregular verbs differ in both spelling and pronunciation, as with smelt (mainly in the UK) versus smelled (mainly American): see American and British English differences: Verb morphology.
|Aeroplane, originally a French loanword, is the older spelling. According to the OED[2], "[a]irplane became the standard American term (replacing aeroplane) after this was adopted by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1916. Although A. Lloyd Jones recommended its adoption by the BBC in 1928, it has until recently been no more than an occasional form in British English." In the British National Corpus[3], aeroplane outnumbers airplane by more than 7:1 in the UK The case is similar for the British aerodrome[4] and American airdrome[5], although both of these terms are now obsolete. The prefixes aero- and air- both mean air, with the first coming from the Ancient Greek word ἀήρ (āēr). Thus, the prefix appears in aeronautics, aerostatics, aerodynamics, aeronautical engineering, and so on, where the suffix is a Grecian word, while the second occurs (invariably) in aircraft, airport, airliner, airmail, etc. where the suffix is an English word. In Canada, airplane is used more commonly than aeroplane, although aeroplane is not unknown, especially in parts of French Canada (where the current French term is, avion—aéroplane designating in French 19th-century flying machines). In all of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, aerodrome is used merely as a technical term.
|The spelling aluminium is the international standard in the sciences (IUPAC). The American spelling is nonetheless used by many American scientists. Humphry Davy, the element's discoverer, first proposed the name alumium, and then later aluminum. The name aluminium was finally adopted to conform with the -ium ending of metallic elements.[6] Canada uses aluminum and Australia/New Zealand aluminium, according to their respective dictionaries.[7]
|In vulgar senses "buttocks" ("anus"/"wretch"); unrelated sense "donkey"/"idiot" is ass in both. Both forms are found in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand ("ass" to a lesser extent in the latter two countries also as a "non-vulgar replacement", conversely "arse" may be used in North America as a "non-vulgar replacement").
|The spoken form is pronounced /ˈboʊɡimæn/ BOH-ghee-man in the UK, so that the American form, boogeyman /ˈbʊɡimæn/, is reminiscent of the 1970s disco dancing "boogie" to the British ear.
|UK: /ˌkɑrbəˈrɛtər/; US: /ˈkɑrbəreɪtər/.
|shivaree, charivari
|In America, where both terms are mainly regional[8], charivari is usually pronounced as shivaree, which is also found in Canada and Cornwall[9], and is a corruption of the French word.
|For a two-door car; the horse-drawn carriage is coupé in both (meaning "cut"); unrelated "cup"/"bowl" is always coupe. In the United States, the "e" is accented when it is used as a foreign word.
|This noun (not to be confused with the adjective eerie) rhymes with weary and hairy respectively. Both spellings and pronunciations occur in America.
|fillet, filet
|Meat or fish. Pronounced the French way (approximately) in America.
|Furore is a late 18th-century Italian loan-word that replaced the Latinate form in the UK in the following century[10], and is usually pronounced with a voiced e. The Canadian the same as the American, and Australia has both.[11]
|Clippings of grotesque; both are slang terms from the 1960s.[12]
|Haulage contractor; haulier is the older spelling.[13]
|In the sense "crowbar".
|In America, according to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the American Heritage Dictionary, the British spelling is an also-ran, yet the pronunciation with second-syllable stress is a common variant. In Britain the second syllable is usually stressed.
|Mother. Mom is sporadically regionally found in the UK (e.g. in West Midlands English). Some British dialects have mam[14], and this is often used in Northern English, Irish English, and Welsh English. In the American region of New England, especially in the case of the Boston accent, the British pronunciation of mum is often retained, while it is still spelled mom. In Canada, there are both mom and mum; Canadians often say mum and write mom.[15] In Australia and New Zealand, mum is used.
|The American spelling is from French, and American speakers generally approximate the French pronunciation as /nɑːiːv(ɨ)ˈteɪ/, whereas the British spelling is nativised, as also the pronunciation /nɑːˈiːv(ɨ)ti/. In the U.K., naïveté is a minor variant, used about 20% of the time in the British National Corpus; in America, naivete and naiveté are marginal variants, and naivety is almost unattested.[16][17]
|The 'y' represents the pronunciation of the original Urdu "pāy-jāma", and in the 18th century spellings such as "paijamahs" and "peijammahs" appeared. Both "pyjamas" and "pajamas" are also known from the 18th century, but the latter became more or less confined to the US.[18]
|Persnickety is a late 19th-century American alteration of the Scottish word pernickety.[19]
|Abbreviations of quintuplet.
|In the United States (where the word originated, as scalawag)[20], scallywag is not unknown.[21]
|In British English the standard usage is speciality, but specialty occurs in the field of medicine[22], and also as a legal term for a contract under seal. In Canada, specialty prevails. In Australia both are current.[23]
Most words ending in an unstressed -our in the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa, Australia and most other English-speaking countries (e.g., colour, flavour, honour, neighbour, rumour, labour) end in -or in the United States (e.g., color, flavor, honor, neighbor, rumor, labor). Wherever the vowel is unreduced in pronunciation, this does not occur: contour, velour, paramour, troubadour, are spelled thus the same everywhere. Most words of this category derive from Latin non-agent nouns having nominative -or; the first such borrowings into English were from early Old French and the ending was -or or -ur.[24] After the Norman Conquest, the termination became -our in Anglo-French in an attempt to represent the Old French pronunciation of words ending in -or[25], though color has been used occasionally in English since the fifteenth century.[26] The -our ending was not only retained in English borrowings from Anglo-French, but also applied to earlier French borrowings.[24] After the Renaissance, some such borrowings from Latin were taken up with their original -or termination; many words once ending in -our (for example, chancellour and governour) now end in -or everywhere. Many words of the -our/-or group do not have a Latin counterpart; for example, armo(u)r, behavio(u)r, harbo(u)r, neighbo(u)r; also arbo(u)r meaning "shelter", though senses "tree" and "tool" are always arbor, a false cognate of the other word. Some 16th and early 17th century British scholars indeed insisted that -or be used for words of Latin origin (e.g. color[26]) and -our for French loans; but in many cases the etymology was not completely clear, and therefore some scholars advocated -or only and others -our only.[27]
Webster's 1828 dictionary featured only -or and is generally given much of the credit for the adoption of this form in the United States. By contrast, Dr Johnson's 1755 dictionary used the -our spelling for all words still so spelled in Britain, as well as for emperour, errour, governour, horrour, tenour, terrour, and tremour, where the u has since been dropped. Johnson, unlike Webster, was not an advocate of spelling reform, but selected the version best-derived, as he saw it, from among the variations in his sources: he favoured French over Latin spellings because, as he put it, "the French generally supplied us".[28] Those English speakers who began to move across the Atlantic would have taken these habits with them and H L Mencken makes the point that, "honor appears in the Declaration of Independence, but it seems to have got there rather by accident than by design. In Jefferson's original draft it is spelled honour."[29] Examples such as color, flavor, behavior, harbor, or neighbor scarcely appear in the Old Bailey's court records from the 17th and 18th century, whereas examples of their -our counterparts are numbered in thousands.[30] One notable exception is honor: honor and honour were equally frequent down to the 17th century[31], Honor still is, in the UK, the normal spelling as a person's name.
Derivatives and inflected forms. In derivatives and inflected forms of the -our/or words, in British usage the u is kept before English suffixes that are freely attachable to English words (neighbourhood, humourless, savoury) and suffixes of Greek or Latin origin that have been naturalised (favourite, honourable, behaviourism); before Latin suffixes that are not freely attachable to English words, the u may be dropped (honorific, honorist, vigorous, humorous, laborious, invigorate), may be either dropped or retained (colo(u)ration, colo(u)rise), or may be retained (colourist).[24] In American usage, derivatives and inflected forms are built by simply adding the suffix in all environments (favorite, savory, etc.) since the u is absent to begin with.
Exceptions. American usage in most cases retains the u in the word glamour, which comes from Scots, not Latin or French. "Glamor" is occasionally used in imitation of the spelling reform of other -our words to -or. The adjective "glamorous" omits the first "u". Saviour is a somewhat common variant of savior in the United States. The British spelling is very common for "honour" (and "favour") in the stilted language of wedding invitations in the United States.[32] The name of the Space Shuttle Endeavour has a u in it since this spacecraft was named after Captain James Cook's ship, the HMS Endeavour.
The name of the herb savory is thus spelled everywhere, although the probably related adjective savo(u)ry, like savour, has a u in the UK. Honor (the name) and arbor (the tool) have -or in Britain, as mentioned above. As a general noun, rigour (/ˈrɪɡər/) has a u in the UK; the medical term rigor (often pronounced /ˈraɪɡɔr/) does not. Words with the ending -irior, -erior or similar are spelled thus everywhere and have never had a "u", for example inferior or exterior.
Commonwealth usage. Commonwealth countries normally follow British usage. In Canada -or endings are not uncommon, particularly in the Prairie Provinces, though they are rarer in Eastern Canada.[27] In Australia, -or terminations enjoyed some use in the 19th century, and now are sporadically found in some regions[27], usually in local and regional newspapers, though -our is almost universal. New Zealand English, while sharing some words and syntax with Australian English, follows British usage.
In British usage, some words of French, Latin, or Greek origin end with a consonant followed by -re, with the -re unstressed and pronounced /ər/. Most of these words have the ending -er in the United States.[33][34] The difference is most common for words ending -bre or -tre: British spellings theatre, goitre, litre, lustre, mitre, nitre, reconnoitre, saltpetre, spectre, centre, titre; calibre, fibre, sabre, and sombre all have -er in American spelling. The ending -cre, as in acre, lucre, massacre, mediocre, is preserved in American English, to indicate the c is pronounced /k/ rather than /s/. After other consonants, there are not many -re endings even in British English: louvre, manoeuvre after -v-; meagre, ogre after -g-; euchre, ochre, sepulchre after -ch-. In the United States, ogre and euchre are standard; manoeuvre and sepulchre are usually spelled as maneuver and sepulcher; and the other -re forms listed are less-used variants of the equivalent -er form.[citation needed]
The e preceding the r is retained in American-derived forms of nouns and verbs, for example, fibers, reconnoitered, centering, which are, naturally, fibres, reconnoitred and centring respectively in British usage. It is dropped for other inflections, for example, central, fibrous, spectral. However such dropping cannot be regarded as proof of an -re British spelling: for example, entry derives from enter, which has not been spelled entre for centuries.[35]
The difference relates only to root words; -er rather than -re is universal as a suffix for agentive (reader, winner, user) and comparative (louder, nicer) forms. One consequence is the British distinction of meter for a measuring instrument from metre for the unit of length. However, while poetic metre is often -re, pentameter, hexameter, etc. are almost always -er.[36]
Exceptions. Many other words have -er in British English. These include Germanic words like anger, mother, timber, water[37] and Romance words like danger, quarter, river. Some -er words, like many -re words, have a cognate in Modern French spelled with -re: among these are chapter, December, diameter, disaster, enter, letter, member, minister, monster, number, oyster, powder, proper, sober, tender, filter, parameter.
Theater is the prevailing American spelling used to refer to both the dramatic arts and buildings where stage performances and screenings of movies take place (i.e., "movie theaters"); for example, a national newspaper such as The New York Times uses theater throughout its "Theater", "Movies", and "Arts & Leisure" sections. In contrast, the spelling theatre appears in the names of many New York City theaters on Broadway[38] (cf. Broadway theatre) and elsewhere in the United States. In 2003 the proposal of the American National Theatre, eventually to be founded and inaugurated in the fall of 2007, was referred to by the New York Times as the "American National Theater"; but the organisation actually uses "re" in the spelling of its name.[39][40] The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, in Washington, D.C., or The Kennedy Center, features the more common American spelling theater in its references to The Eisenhower Theater, part of The Kennedy Center.[41] Some cinemas outside New York use the "theatre" spelling.[42]
In many instances, places in the United States use Centre in their names. Examples include the Stonebriar Centre mall in Frisco, Texas, the cities of Rockville Centre, New York and Centreville, Illinois, and Centre College in Kentucky. Sometimes these places were named before spelling changes took effect, but more often the spelling merely serves as an affectation. There are also a few cases of the use of Center in the United Kingdom (e.g., the Valley Centertainment in Sheffield, although this is in fact a portmanteau of the cent- of centre and -ertainment of entertainment).
For British accoutre(ment), the American practice varies: the Merriam-Webster Dictionary prefers the -re spelling[43], but the American Heritage Dictionary the -er spelling.[44]
More recent French loanwords retain an -re spelling in American English. These are not exceptions when a French-style pronunciation is used (/rə/ rather than /ər/), as with double-entendre, genre, or oeuvre. However, the unstressed /ər/ pronunciation of an -er ending is used more or less frequently with some words, including cadre, macabre, maître d', Notre Dame, piastre, and timbre.
Commonwealth usage.[45] The -re endings are mostly standard throughout the Commonwealth. The -er spellings are recognised as minor variants in Canada, due in part to American influences. Proper names, particularly names incorporating the word centre/center, are an occasional source of exceptions, such as, for example, Toronto's controversially-named Centerpoint Mall. However, -re generally prevails in Canada.
Nouns ending in -ce with -se verb forms: American English and British English both retain the noun/verb distinction in advice / advise and device / devise, but American English has abandoned the distinction with licence / license and practice / practise (where the two words in each pair are homophones) that British spelling retains. American English uses practice and license for both meanings.
American English has kept the Anglo-French spelling for defense and offense, which are usually defence and offence in British English; similarly there are the American pretense and British pretence; but derivatives such as defensive, offensive, and pretension are always thus spelled in both systems.
Australian[46] and Canadian[citation needed] usage generally follows British.
The spelling connexion is now rare in everyday British usage and is not used at all in America: the more common connection has become the standard internationally. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the older spelling is more etymologically conservative, since the word actually derives from Latin forms in -xio-. The American usage derives from Webster who discarded the -xion in favour of -ction by analogy with such verbs as connect.[47]
Complexion (which comes from the stem complex) is standard and complection usually is not.[48] However, the adjective complected (as in "dark-complected"), although sometimes objected to, can be used as an alternative to complexioned in the U.S.[49], but is quite unknown in this sense in the UK, although there is an extremely rare usage to mean complicated (OED).
American spelling accepts only -ize endings in most cases, such as organize, realize, and recognize.[50] British usage accepts both -ize and -ise (organize/organise, realize/realise, recognize/recognise).[50] British English using -ize is known as Oxford spelling, and is used in publications of the Oxford University Press, most notably the Oxford English Dictionary, as well as other authoritative British sources. The OED lists the -ise form separately, as "a frequent spelling of -IZE..."[51] It firmly deprecates usage of "-ise" for words of Greek origin, stating, "[T]he suffix..., whatever the element to which it is added, is in its origin the Greek -ιζειν, Latin -izāre; and, as the pronunciation is also with z, there is no reason why in English the special French spelling in -iser should be followed, in opposition to that which is at once etymological and phonetic." It maintains "... some have used the spelling -ise in English, as in French, for all these words, and some prefer -ise in words formed in French or English from Latin elements, retaining -ize for those of Greek composition."[52] Noah Webster rejected -ise for the same reasons.[53] However other references, including Fowler's Modern English Usage, now give prominence to the -ise suffix over -ize.[54] The Cambridge University Press, older established but more forward-looking than the Oxford institution[55][56], has long favoured -ise.[54] Perhaps as a reaction to the ascendancy of American spelling, the -ize spelling is now rarely used in the UK mass media and newspapers, to the extent that it is often incorrectly regarded as an Americanism.[50] The ratio between -ise and -ize stands at 3:2 in the British National Corpus.[57] The -ise form is standard in leading publications such as The Times, The Daily Telegraph and The Economist. The Oxford spelling (which can be indicated by the registered IANA language tag en-GB-oed), and thus -ize, is used in many British-based academic publications, such as Nature, the Biochemical Journal and The Times Literary Supplement. In Australia and New Zealand -ise spellings strongly prevail; the Australian Macquarie Dictionary, among other sources, gives the -ise spelling first. The -ise form is preferred in Australian English at a ratio of about 3:1 according to the Macquarie Dictionary. Conversely, Canadian usage is essentially like American.[58] Worldwide, -ize endings prevail in scientific writing and are commonly used by many international organisations, such as the ISO and the WHO. The European Union uses ise in its English language publications, though the EU may, even on a single page, show "organized" but "publicise" as well. "Synthesize" is used in international chemical journals.
The same pattern applies to derivatives and inflections such as colonisation/colonization.
Some verbs ending in -ize or -ise do not derive from Greek -ιζειν, and their endings are therefore not interchangeable; some verbs take the -z- form exclusively, for instance capsize, seize (except in the legal phrase to be seised of/to stand seised to), size and prize (only in the "appraise" sense), whereas others take only -s-: advertise, advise, apprise, arise, chastise, circumcise, incise, excise, comprise, compromise, demise, despise, devise, disguise, exercise, franchise, improvise, merchandise, revise, supervise, surmise, surprise, and televise. Finally, the verb prise (meaning to force or lever) is spelled prize in the US[59] and prise everywhere else[60], including Canada[61], although in North American English it is commonly replaced by pry, a back-formation from or alteration of prise.[62]
It should be noted that it would not be the first time that a suffix may have changed over time due to the natural forces of selection in language and that in the same way that -ise may be valid a change for French (which has had a resounding influence on English since at least 1066) it may likewise be a valid adaptation for English. Expecting that English use a -ize Greek-like spelling should be posed in the same context as expecting that French do the same.
Other suffixes that have been morphed or naturalised include -ish:
Old English -isc, cognate with German and Dutch -isch, Latin -icus, -isce and -ice, Ancient Greek -ικος (-ikos), Slavic -ic, -ich, etc.
The distribution of -yse and -yze endings, as in analyse / analyze, is different: the former is British English, but the latter is American. Thus, in British English analyse, catalyse, hydrolyse, and paralyse, but in American English analyze, catalyze, hydrolyze, and paralyze. However, analyse was commonly spelled analyze from the first—the spelling preferred by Samuel Johnson. This word, which came probably from the French analyser, on Greek analogy would have been analysize, from the French analysiser, from which analyser was formed by haplology.[63] In Canada, -yze prevails, just as in the United States. In Australia and New Zealand, -yse stands alone. Unlike -ise/-ize, neither of the endings has any resemblance to the Greek original ending. The Greek verb from which the word λύσις (lusis) (and thus all its compound words) derives, is λύειν (luein).
Some words of Greek origin, a few of which derive from Greek λόγος or αγωγός, can end either in -ogue or in -og: analog(ue), catalog(ue), dialog(ue), demagog(ue), pedagog(ue), monolog(ue), homolog(ue), synagog(ue) etc. In the UK (and generally in the Commonwealth), the -ogue endings are the standard. In the US, catalog has a slight edge over catalogue[64] (the inflected forms, cataloged and cataloging v catalogued and cataloguing); analog is standard for the adjective,[citation needed] but both analogue and analog are current for the noun; in all other cases the -gue endings strongly prevail[65], for example monologue, except for such expressions as dialog box in computing[citation needed], which are also used in the UK. Finally, in Canada, New Zealand, and Australia analogue is used, but just as in the US analog has some currency as a technical term[66] (e.g. in electronics, as in "analog electronics" as opposed to "digital electronics" and some video-game consoles might have an analog stick).
The dropping of the "ue" is mandatory in forming such related words as "analogy", "analogous", and "analogist".
Many words are written with ae/æ or oe/œ in British English, but a single e in American English. The sound in question is /iː/ or /ɛ/ (or unstressed /ɨ/). Examples (with non-American letter in bold): amoeba, anaemia, anaesthesia, caesium, diarrhoea, gynaecology, haemophilia, leukaemia, oesophagus, oestrogen, orthopaedic, palaeontology, paediatric. Oenology is acceptable in American English but is regarded as a minor variant of enology.
Exceptions to the American simplification rule include aesthetics and archaeology, which usually prevail over esthetics and archeology, respectively,[67] as well as the stronger case of palaestra, in which the simplified form palestra is a variant described by Merriam-Webster as "chiefly Brit[ish]."[68]
Words where British usage varies include encyclopaedia, homoeopathy, mediaeval, and foetus (though the British medical community considers this variant to be unacceptable for the purposes of journal articles and the like, since the Latin spelling was actually fetus).
The Ancient Greek diphthongs <αι> and <οι> were transliterated into Latin as <ae> and <oe>. The ligatures æ and œ were introduced when the sounds became monophthongs, and later applied to words not of Greek origin, in both Latin (for example, cœli) and French (for example, œuvre). In English, which has imported words from all three languages, it is now usual to replace Æ/æ with Ae/ae and Œ/œ with Oe/oe. In many cases, the digraph has been reduced to a single e in all varieties of English: for example, oeconomics, praemium, and aenigma.[69] In others, it is retained in all varieties: for example, phoenix, and usually subpoena.[70] This is especially true of names: Caesar, Oedipus, Phoebe, etc. There is no reduction of Latin -ae plurals (e.g. larvae); nor where the digraph <ae>/<oe> does not result from the Greek-style ligature: for example, maelstrom, toe. The British form aeroplane is an instance (compare other aero- words such as aerosol). The now chiefly North American airplane is not a respelling but a recoining, modeled after airship and aircraft. The word airplane dates from 1907[71], at which time the prefix aero- was trisyllabic, often written aëro-.
In Canada, e is usually preferred over oe and often over ae as well, just as in the neighboring United States.[citation needed] In Australia and elsewhere, the British usage prevails, but the spellings with just e are increasingly used.[72] Manoeuvre is the only spelling in Australia, and the most common one in Canada, where maneuver and manoeuver are also sometimes found.[73]
This shortening is natural, especially since the Canadian Forces in the air and on the oceans are frequently involved in joint maneuvers with the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Navy. In Canada, oe and ae are used occasionally in the academic and science communities.[citation needed]
Internationally, the American spelling is closer to the usage in a number of other languages using the Latin alphabet;[citation needed]. For instance, almost all Romance languages (which tend to have more phonemic spelling) lack the ae and oe spellings (a notable exception being in French), as do Swedish, Polish, and others, while Dutch uses them sometimes ("ae" is rare, but "oe" is the normal representation of the sound IPA: [u], while written "u" represents either the sound y or ʏ in IPA). The languages Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and some others retain the original ligatures. In German, through umlauts, is retained as its equivalent of the ligature, for when written without the umlaut. These words resemble the British usage (i.e. ä becomes ae and ö becomes oe). Similarly, Hungarian uses "é" as a replacement for "ae" (although it becomes "e" sometimes), and the special character "ő" (sometimes "ö") for "oe".
British English often prefers hyphenated compounds, such as counter-attack, whereas American English discourages the use of hyphens in compounds where there is no compelling reason, so counterattack is much more common. Many dictionaries do not point out such differences. Canadian and Australian usage is mixed, although Commonwealth writers generally hyphenate compounds of the form noun plus phrase (such as editor-in-chief).[74] Commander-in-chief is dominant in all forms of English.
The final consonant of an English word is sometimes doubled in both American and British spelling when adding a suffix beginning with a vowel, for example strip/stripped, which prevents confusion with stripe/striped and shows the difference in pronunciation (see digraph). Generally, this occurs only when the word's final syllable is stressed and when it also ends with a single vowel followed by a single consonant. In British English, however, a final -l is often doubled even when the final syllable is unstressed.[81] This exception is no longer usual in American English, apparently because of Noah Webster.[82] The -ll- spellings are nevertheless still regarded as acceptable variants by both Merriam-Webster Collegiate and American Heritage dictionaries.
Among consonants other than l, practice varies for some words, such as where the final syllable has secondary stress or an unreduced vowel. In the United States, the spellings kidnaped and worshiped, which were introduced by the Chicago Tribune in the 1920s,[84] are common. Kidnapped and worshipped, the only standard British spellings.
Conversely, there are words where British writers prefer a single l and Americans usually use a double l. In American usage, the spelling of words is usually not changed when they form the main part (not prefix or suffix) of other words, especially in newly formed words and in words whose main part is in common use. Words exhibiting this spelling difference include wil(l)ful, skil(l)ful, thral(l)dom, appal(l), fulfil(l), fulfil(l)ment, enrol(l)ment, instal(l)ment. These words have monosyllabic cognates always written with -ll: will, skill, thrall, pall, fill, roll, stall, still. Cases where a single l nevertheless occurs in both American and British English include null→annul, annulment; till→until; and others where the connection is not transparent or the monosyllabic cognate is not in common use in American English (e.g. null is used mainly as a technical term in law, mathematics, and computer science).
In the U.K., ll is used occasionally in distil(l), instil(l), enrol(l), and enthral(l)ment, and often in enthral(l), all of which are always spelled this way in American usage. The former British spellings instal, fulness, and dulness are now quite rare.[86] The Scottish tolbooth is cognate with toll booth, but it has a specific distinct sense.
In both American and British usages, words normally spelled -ll usually drop the second l when used as prefixes or suffixes, for example full→useful, handful; all→almighty, altogether; well→welfare, welcome; chill→chilblain.
The British fulfil and American fulfill are never fullfill or fullfil.
Dr Johnson wavered on this issue. His dictionary of 1755 lemmatises distil and instill, downhil and uphill.[87]
British English sometimes keeps silent e when adding suffixes where American English does not. Generally speaking, British English drops it in only some cases in which it is unnecessary to indicate pronunciation whereas American English only uses it where necessary.
Both forms of English retain the silent e in the words dyeing, singeing, and swingeing[90] (in the sense of dye, singe, and swinge), to distinguish from dying, singing, swinging (in the sense of die, sing, and swing). In contrast, both bathe and the British verb bath both form bathing. Both forms of English vary for tinge and twinge; both prefer cringing, hinging, lunging, syringing.
See also meter/metre, for which there is a British English distinction between these etymologically related forms with different meanings but the standardised American spelling is "meter". The spelling used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is "metre".[106] This spelling is also the usual one in most English-speaking countries, but only the spelling "meter" is used in American English, and this is officially endorsed by the United States.[107]
A few British publications prefer to use kilogramme for the metric unit of mass and gramme, but kilogram and gram are the more common spellings in British English and therefore listed first in British dictionaries. In the United States, the spellings are always (kilo)gram, and these are also used exclusively by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.
Telegramme is used in some places, but never in the United States, where it was always telegram.
Proper names formed as proper acronyms are often rendered in title case by Commonwealth writers, but usually as upper case by Americans: for example, Nasa / NASA or Unicef / UNICEF.[108] This does not apply to most pure initialisms, such as US, NATO, IBM, or PRC (the People's Republic of China). However, it is occasionally done for some in the UK, such as Pc (Police Constable).[109]
Contractions, where the final letter is present, are often written in British English without stops/periods (Mr, Mrs, Dr, St, Ave). Abbreviations where the final letter is not present generally do take stops/periods (such as vol., etc., i.e., ed.); British English shares this convention with the French: Mlle, Mme, Dr, Ste, but M. for Monsieur. In American and Canadian English, abbreviations like St., Ave., Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., and Jr., always require periods. Some initials are usually upper case in America but lower case in Britain: liter/litre and its compounds ("2 L or 25 mL" vs "2 l or 25 ml");[110][111] and ante meridiem and post meridiem (10 P.M. or 10 PM vs 10 p.m. or 10 pm).[112][113][114]
In a few cases (eg "orient", "acclimate"), one form has an extra syllable compared to the other, so they might be regarded as different words, and more accurately be described as "usage differences" rather than "spelling differences".
|adze, adz
|Adz is more common in the US.
|To annex is the verb in both British and American usage; however, when speaking of an annex(e) – the noun referring to an extension of a main building - not a military or political conquest, which would be an annexation - as in the Nazi German annexation of Austria in 1938. The root word is usually spelled with an -e at the end in the UK, but in the US it is not.
|Arse in UK English is a mildly offensive term. When referring to the animal, or a stupid person, ass is used in both.
|ax, axe
|Both the noun and verb. (The word comes from Old English æx). In the US, "axe" sometimes refers to the weapon while "ax" refers to the tool, though both spellings are acceptable and commonly used.
|camomile, chamomile
|chamomile, camomile
|In the UK, according to the OED, "the spelling cha- is chiefly in pharmacy, after Latin; that with ca- is literary and popular". In the US chamomile dominates in all senses.
|In banking. Hence pay cheque and paycheck. Accordingly, the North American term for what is known as a current account or cheque account in the UK is spelled chequing account in Canada and checking account in the US Some American financial institutions, notably American Express, prefer cheque, but this is merely a trademarking affectation.
|As In chequerboard/checkerboard, chequered/checkered flag, etc. In Canada as in the US.[115] While "checker" is more common in the US, "chequer" is used in the UK.
|The original Mexican Spanish word is spelled chile.[115][116] In Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, chile and chilli are given as also variants.
|cipher, cypher
|In all senses (adjective, noun, verb).
|doughnut, donut
|In the US, both are used with donut indicated as a variant of doughnut.[117] In the UK, donut is indicated as an American variant for doughnut.[118]
|British English usually uses draft for all senses as the verb;[119] for a preliminary version of a document; for an order of payment (bank draft), and for military conscription (although this last meaning is not as common as in American English). It uses draught for drink from a cask (draught beer); for animals used for pulling heavy loads (draught horse); for a current of air; for a ship's minimum depth of water to float; and for the game draughts, known as checkers in America. It uses either draught or draft for a plan or sketch (but almost always draughtsman in this sense; a draftsman drafts legal documents). American English uses draft in all these cases, including draftsman (male or female) (although in regard to drinks, draught is sometimes found). Canada uses both systems; in Australia, draft is used for technical drawings, is accepted for the "current of air" meaning, and is preferred by professionals in the nautical sense.[120] The pronunciation is always the same for all meanings within a dialect (RP /ˈdrɑːft/, General American /ˈdræft/). The spelling draught is older; draft appeared first in the late 16th century.[121]
|The same difference applies to cognate words derived from the Greek word "παις/Pais"(a child), such as paedophile/pedophile.
|gauntlet, gantlet
|When meaning "ordeal", in the phrase running the ga(u)ntlet, some American style guides prefer gantlet.[122] This spelling is unused in Britain[123] and less usual in America than gauntlet. The word is an alteration of earlier gantlope by folk etymology with gauntlet ("armored glove"), always spelled thus.
|glycerin, glycerine
|Scientists use the term glycerol, but both spellings are used sporadically in the US.
|Grey became the established British spelling in the 20th century, pace Dr. Johnson and others[124], and it is but a minor variant in American English, according to dictionaries. Canadians tend to prefer grey. The non-cognate greyhound was never grayhound. Both Grey and Gray are found in proper names everywhere in the English-speaking world. Americans tend to use "gray" in reference to the color and "grey" as the adjective.[citation needed]
|jail, gaol
|In the UK, gaol and gaoler are used sometimes, apart from literary usage, chiefly to describe a medieval building and guard.
|For the noun designating the edge of a roadway (or the edge of a British pavement/ American sidewalk/ Australian footpath). Curb is the older spelling, and in the UK as well as in the US, it is still the proper spelling for the verb meaning restrain.[125] Canada as in the US.
|Licorice prevails in Canada and it is common in Australia, but it is rarely found in the UK; liquorice, which has a folk etymology cognate with liquor[126], is all but nonexistent in the US. ("chiefly British", according to dictionaries).[127]
|and other words using the former æ
|mollusk, mollusc
|The related adjective is normally molluscan in all forms of English.
|In all senses of the word. In Canada, both words have wide currency.[128] When speaking of the noun, the US will also use the "mould" spelling.
|neurone, neuron
|omelet, omelette
|Omelette prevails in Canada and in Australia. The shorter spelling is the older in English, in spite of the etymology (French omelette).[129]
|pedophile; pederast, which does not have exactly the same meaning, is common
|Originally an Americanism, this word made its widespread appearance in Britain during the Phoney War.[130] Famously used frequently in Catcher in the Rye.
|programme, program
|"Program" is generally used for computer programming, but the older form is normally used in the UK for agendas and theatrical brochures.
|pronounced /pɨˈdʒɑːməz/ in the UK, /pɨˈdʒɑːməz/ or /pɨˈdʒæməz/ in the US and Canada.[131]
|Both date back to Middle English. The OED records several dozen variants. In the UK, plough has been the standard spelling for about three centuries.[132] Although plow was Noah Webster's pick, plough continued to have some currency in the US, as the entry in Webster's Third (1961) implies. Newer dictionaries label plough as "chiefly British". The word snowplough/snowplow, originally an Americanism, it predates Webster's reform, and it was first recorded as snow plough. Canada has both plough and plow[133], although snowplough is much rarer there than snowplow. In the US, "plough" sometimes describes a horsedrawn variety while "plow" refers to a gasoline powered variety.
|rack and ruin
|wrack and ruin
|Several words like "rack" and "wrack" have been conflated, with both spellings thus accepted as variants for senses connected to torture (orig. rack) and ruin (orig. wrack, cf. wreck)[134] In "(w)rack and ruin", the W-less variant is now prevalent in the UK but not the US.[135]
|sceptic (-al, -ism)
|skeptic (-al, -ism)
|The American spelling, akin to Greek, was preferred by Fowler, and is used by many Canadians, where it is the earlier form.[136] Sceptic also pre-dates the European settlement of the US, and it follows the French sceptique and Latin scepticus. In the mid-18th century, Dr. Johnson's dictionary listed skeptic without comment or alternative, but this form has never been popular in the UK;[137] sceptic, an equal variant in the old Webster's Third (1961), has now become "chiefly British". Australians generally follow the British usage (with the notable exception of the Australian Skeptics). All of these versions are pronounced with a hard "c", though in French that letter is silent and the word is pronounced like septique.
|Level of a building. The plurals are storeys vs. stories respectively. The letter "e" is used in British English and in Canada to differentiate between levels of buildings and a story as in a literary work.[138]
|sulphur, sulfur
|Sulfur is the international standard in the sciences (IUPAC), and it is supported by the UK's RSC.[139] Sulphur was preferred by Dr. Johnson, it is still used by British and Irish scientists, and it is still actively taught in British and Irish schools. It prevails in Canada and Australia, and it is also found in some American place names (e.g., Sulphur, Louisiana and White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia). American English usage guides suggest sulfur for technical usage, and both sulphur and sulfur in common usage and in literature.[140][141]
|The outer portion of a wheel, which contacts the road or the rail and may be made of metal or rubber. In Canada as in the US. Tire is the older spelling, but both were used in the 15th and 16th centuries (for a metal tire). Tire became the settled spelling in the 17th century but tyre was revived in the UK in the 19th century somehow for rubber / pneumatic tyres, possibly because it was used in some patent documents[142], though many continued to use tire for the iron variety. The Times newspaper was still using tire as late as 1905. For the verb meaning "to grow weary" both American and British English use the tire spelling exclusively.
|The two-jawed workbench tool. Americans and Canadians retain the very old distinction between vise (the tool) and vice (the sin, and also the Latin prefix meaning a "deputy"), both of which are vice in the U.K. and Australia.[143] Thus, we have Vice-Admiral, Vice-President, and Vice-Principal, but never "Vise-" for any one of these.
|yoghurt, yogurt
|yogurt, yoghurt
|Yoghurt is an also-ran in the US, as is yoghourt in the UK. Although the Oxford Dictionaries have always preferred yogurt, in current British usage yoghurt seems to be prevalent. In Canada, yogurt prevails, despite the Canadian Oxford preferring yogourt, which has the advantage of being bilingual.[144] In Australia as in the UK. Whatever the spelling is, the word has different pronunciations: in the UK /ˈjɒɡɚt/ or /ˈjoʊɡɚt/, only /ˈjoʊɡɚt/ in America, Ireland, and Australia. The word comes from the Turkish language word yoğurt.[145] the voiced velar fricative represented by ğ in the modern Turkish (Latinic) alphabet was traditionally written gh in romanizations of the Ottoman Turkish (Arabic) alphabet used before 1928.
For quotation marks, American English generally uses "double quotes" primarily except in newspaper headings, while the British more commonly use 'single quotes' primarily outside of periodicals. British English always puts sentence-final punctuation outside of quotation marks if it is not part of the quoted material; e.g. 'word'. instead of "word." which is a more typically American typesetting convention.


text:
News editor
The last few days have been fun for Mayor Todd Heitschmidt, because he's had good news to share about downtown Main St.
After two prior applications were declined, city officials received word last week that $715,904 is coming from Kansas Department of Transportation for downtown revitalization between First and Fifth Sts.
Heitschmidt shared the news Monday with Lori and Doug Heerey.
"My wife and I were walking at the SAC when they came up and I asked if they had heard yet," Heitschmidt said.
"We talked with Todd last night and we were just high-fiving," Lori Heerey said. "We're really excited. It's been needed."
Sidewalks and lighting will be major components addressed by the plan, which City Administrator Roger Holter said received extensive input from the public.
"A lot of thought was put into not only the aesthetics of it, but to make our community so we can take pride in our downtown," PRIDE committee member Margaret Wilson said.
New light posts will be lower and of a vintage style complementary to the historic lineage of downtown's stone buildings, Holter said. Placed between the street lights will be tri-globed lights, carrying a signature theme of Central Park through the business district.
"One of the things the state said last year was how amazing it was the downtown is close to the park," Heerey said. "They saw that as a huge plus. It will be phenomenal if they can do that."
Power lines also will be buried, with electric outlets placed in poles to facilitate decorative lighting.
New sidewalks are planned that will include a brick ribbon to define the walking path and establish separation from the curb, and a bike path could be incorporated in one of the blocks, Holter said.
While handicap-accessible curb cuts at most intersections are sloped appropriately, most aren't marked to be in compliance with Americans with Disability Act standards. Holter said corners and crosswalks would be redesigned to establish semicircular safe zones where pedestrians can be clearly seen by drivers.
Landscaping, benches, and trash receptacles also will be incorporated into the project.
The overall intent, Holter said, is to create a more uniform, attractive, and functional downtown corridor that will encourage existing and future businesses to develop.
Heitschmidt said some reactions have been more subdued, as individuals have questioned how the city will come up with $178,976 to match the state's contribution.
The project's projected completion date in 2018 provides flexibility to consider alternatives, Heitschmidt said.
"This is probably the best time for this to happen for the city," he said. "This has given us two to three years to reduce our debts. How we gather our share of the funds we can spread out over two fiscal years, maybe three. That makes funding our share of the project easier."
Heitschmidt and others were quick to credit consulting engineer Darin Neufeld of EBH Associates for his expertisse in helping to modify rejected proposals into what was finally accepted.
Months of detailed design work and surveying lie ahead, Heitschmidt said, with the possibility of retaining a contractor and starting work in fall 2017.
"If we have a light winter we may get a start before the end of 2017," he said.
Heitschmidt said getting the grant combined with recent business developments has created optimism in the community.
"When things are positive, things are contagious," he said. "Marion appears to be on the move again, and it appears there are people who want to be a part of it. It's exciting. We've laying the groundwork for the next wave of positive growth."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Brake check alignment
Check the feeling of the brake frequently while getting the adjustment right, and tighten the locknut again when it is done.To check for this problem, have a friend stand where they can see the back of your car as you press down on the brake pedal.Brake Check specializes in providing different service to help the customers keep their vehicles safe and avoid problems with their cars: brake jobs, shocks and struts check, oil change, wheel alignment, tires rotation and balance, battery change, CV boot inspection, and so many other related.
Brake Check has been serving Texas with quality brake, oil, and alignment services since 1968.Get brake repair prices for problems with low fluid, worn pads and drums, and cylinders.In the same plane, i.e. if the front wheel is vertical, the back wheel is also perfectly vertical.Get your brake light bulbs replaced and the warning light should go off.
Franksville Automotive Service LLC is the one-stop auto repair shop you need, providing a complete range of car care services at affordable rates.
Disk brake alignment Disk brake pads need to be parallel with the rotor, and close to but not touching the rotor.
Brake Service and Repair in Louisville - Tony's BrakeCommand a given depth, check sides and middle and you can measure discrepancies as long as the ram had decent resolution.A tire and wheel alignment every 6,000 miles can greatly extend the life of your tires.Harley Davidson Wheel Alignment Made Simple In an ideal world the front and rear wheel should be: 1. Inline 2. Not offset from each other 3.
how much should a wheel alignment cost? | Yahoo AnswersIn either event, our experts are here to perform a detailed wheel alignment London Ontario to help you achieve a smoother drive.
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E-Brake Check | Parking Brake Repair | Firestone Complete
Brake Check - Automotive Repair Shop - San Antonio, Texas
Automotive Brake Repair in London Ontario | SteelhorseYou may have to adapt these instructions for the caliper and cantilever brakes which were used on older bikes but the general principles are the same.
Harley Davidson Wheel Alignment Made SimpleAdditional repairs or diagnostics may be recommended and charges may apply.
Free Car Wheel & Tracking Alignment | Kwik Fit
Wheel Alignment & Suspension Repair | Tires Plus
Wheel Alignment in London Ontario | Steel Horse AutomotiveIf your car is experiencing any of the above, bring your car in for a free brake check.Signs of Bad Alignment Your vehicle pulls to either side while driving.
Brakes are one the most important parts of your vehicle because they allow you to stop safely.
Wheel Alignment Service | Goodyear TiresJust Brakes - Brakes Service Centers Homepage - Store locator, monthly specials, about your brakes, career opportunities, comment form, contact us, about us.We understand that getting your car fixed or buying new tires can be overwhelming. Let us.Our goal is to be your one-stop shop for brakes, oil changes, and alignments, while providing exceptional customer care and convenience.Many calipers are self centering but even then, the adjustment can be off sufficiently that the brakes bind or squeak.
Brake Check - Alignment Technician | Glassdoor
For obvious reasons, the brake system is one of the most important systems on your vehicle.How to Tell if Shocks or Struts are Worn Out In Your Car ( The Top 5 Signs ) - Duration: 9:24.Most people think that wheel alignment is best left to the professionals.


text:
As an internet marketer, if you want traffic, you require the beneficial tools to keep track of your sales and conversions. If you are running a campaign or running some advertisements, you need to understand that it should bring some quality traffic. Solo Ads Affiliate
If your ad does not bring traffic, then it's no use and ultimately you will wind up spending your money on advertisements without any sales and conversions.
I have actually explored the web looking for the tool which can really track my campaigns and advertisements. Tracking will tell you a lot about what is not performing and will ultimately provide you a chance to improve your campaign.
The best tool for the click tracking that I have found recently is ClickMagick. ClickMagick is the very best affiliate tracking software in the market with its robust and variable features.
I haveoffered a comprehensive review of ClickMagick here and why it is is one of the best click tracker tools in the industry recently.
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What is ClickMagick? Solo Ads Affiliate
ClickMagick is a web based app that will help you to track and your marketing efforts. At a basic level, it permits you to produce tracking links and ClickMagick will show you who clicked on your links and (if setup correctly), which clicks led to sales.
And given that it is cloud based, you can login to your ClickMagick Dashboard and monitor ALL the links you have participated in the system. But ClickMagick is likewise loaded with a variety of other advanced features which I will detail later in the rest of this review. Solo Ads Affiliate
ClickMagick Features
Here's a summary of what ClickMagick provides.
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1. Links
This is where you set up a tracking link. When a user hits the tracking link, they'll be rerouted to your initial URL. It supplies a "tracking pixel code" and, by copying and pasting the code in your squeeze page you'll have the ability to track the opt-ins. You can set up as many tracking links as you wish. There is a variety of optional settings to make under each link such as;
- Tracking an entire sales funnel – beginning with the opt-in all the way through upsells and downsells.
- Link cloaking (masking the URL that you're promoting, e.g. affiliate link).
- Enter a unit cost to you (when purchasing traffic) either by CPC (cost per click), CPA (cost per action), CPS (cost per sale), Daily or Monthly, to monitor what's cost you so far.
- Geotargeting – include or exclude certain countries by checking or unchecking them from the drop-down list.
- Add "backup URL" – in case your original URL is momentarily down, or not accessible to particular countries, you can enter an additional URL to redirect the users to.
- "Bad clicks" – filter out any bad clicks from the tracking, or block them totally. Such as bots, users through VPN, search engine spiders.
- Password protect a link – only users who know the password to access the link.
- Set a different link for mobile users or iOS users.
2. Organic Tracking
By inputting the code offered to your site, you can track organic traffic, i.e. how users reach your page (e.g. by Google search). Add an extra conversion tracking pixel code to track the conversion also. Solo Ads Affiliate
Something you might wish to remember is that organic traffic coming from safe websites (https) can not be identified – because safe and secure sites are not allowed to pass referrer info. For example YouTube – all organic traffic from YouTube will be reported anonymously under "none".
3. Rotators
This is a necessary and powerful tool for traffic providers. More than one location URL can be set under one link, and it "rotates".
For instance you sell a traffic to Buyer A and Buyer B. Each buyer will provide you a link URL to their site. You set up both link URL-A and link URL-B under a rotator link URL begins with http://www.clkmr.com/…
You release the rotator link (http://www.clkmr.com/ …) e.g. send it to your e-mail subscribers. When they click the link, they will be directed to either of URL-A or URL-B, and there are 4 rotator modes for you to choose from;
a. Sequential mode:when a user clicks the link, they will be directed to the very first URL (URL-A in this example), and when they click the exact same link again for the second instance, they will be directed to URL-B. So this mode will send traffic to each URL in the rotator one after another, as repeat users hit the link multiple times. And when it reaches the bottom, it will simply begin over again at the top.
b. Spillover mode:like Sequential mode however the distinction is that you can define another URL to direct your users to after they've checked out all the URLs in the rotator and exhausted their unique clicks.
c. Fulfilment mode:send out all traffic to the first URL (URL-A in this example), consisting of repeat clicks from the same user until that URL has actually received the max number of clicks specified.
d. Random mode:distributes your clicks in a completely random way.
Other rotator settings include;
- Geotargeting – include or exclude particular countries.
- Add "backup URL".
- Filter out or block bad clicks.
- Set a different link for mobile users or iOS users and.
- Randomise: the priority link (top of the rotator) can likewise be randomised every X minutes. For instance every specified minutes, users will see URL-B when they initially click the link instead of URL-A.
And likewise each link URL in the rotator (URL-A, URL-B …) needs to be set up, as per the screenshot above such as;
- Maximum number of clicks to deliver (if the box is left blank, it delivers indefinitely).
- Maximum number of clicks per day.
- Bonus clicks by percentage. If you put 10% and limit clicks 1,000, you will be delivering 1,100 in total.
- Minimum or maximum clicks from users in Tier 1 nations (US, Canada, UK, AUS, NZ) by percent.
- Maximum or minimum clicks from mobile devices.
- Start date and end date. If left blank, begins delivering immediately and ends when it reaches the number of max clicks.
- Notify: if the box is checked, it will email you to notify when the delivery's finished
- Geotargeting: you can include or exclude particular nations, as long as you ensure there is no conflict with the Min/Max T1 setting.
As many destination URLs can be developed under a rotator link, and as many rotators can be produced.
4. Content
Under the "Content" menu, there are three beneficial features that can be added to your website to assist increase the conversion. MagickPopups, MagickBars, and Countdown Timers.
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There are 4 different types of popups.
- Popup "on load" – appears as soon as the visitor enter the page.
- Delayed popup – shows up after the number of seconds you specify have passed.
- Exit popup – appears when the user's cursor moves out of the window and is above to close it.
- Redirect – not technically a popup, but it redirects the user to another page when they try to leave.
Using a visual editor to create a popup, you can add practically everything to the popup – not just images or tables but embed YouTube video, make it sound-enabled, and likewise a countdown timer.
Opt-in kind can also be included by embedding the HTML code offered by your email provider such as AWeber or GetResponse.
MagickBar is a bar that shows up either on top or the bottom of your web page, and it will remain until the user clicks [x] to close it.
MagickBars can likewise be created by its visual editor, allows you to add images, tables, embed YouTube video, make it sound-enabled, make the background coloured or transparent, include a speech bubble, also a countdown timer can be added to the bar.
The bar can be used to invite your visitors to an affiliate page or any other sales page, or even just to highlight what you are promoting within the page.
The concept of a countdown timer is to prompt the readers to take action, and that's exactly what the ClickMagick timer feature is there for.
It doesn't take a few minutes to develop a timer. There are four different styles and two types (evergreen/cookie based or date-based|date-based or evergreen/cookie based). All you need to do is to copy and paste the code to anywhere – your web page, within a MagickPopup or MagickBar.
5. Tools
All other tools to niggle can be found under this menu. Helpful tools consist of;
- Batch Editor: Instead of going to the "Rotators" menu or "Links" menu and clicking each link to modify one by one, you can simply modify, reset or delete your links, rotators or rotator URLs from here.
- Data Importer/Exporter: ClickMagick's link data, rotator data and rotator URLs can be exported to other third party apps. Also, data from another tracking tool can be imported to ClickMagick utilizing CSV file.
- IP Lookup tool: Permits you to view the history and activity for any IP address. It shows clicks, opt-ins, sales, along with a timestamp for each event and it is practical when determining suspicious clicks.
- IP Manager: Permits you to filter or block specific IP addresses or IP ranges by manually entering them.
ClickMagick Pricing Solo Ads Affiliate
ClickMagic has 3 pricing and all of them have a number of features in them. The company offers the 30-day trial period for its service and you can evaluate this tool for 30 days.
There is even a much better option when picking the yearly strategy where you can save up to 30%. Solo Ads Affiliate
- Starter Plan – This will track up 10,000 clicks each month, 1 Funnel for FunnelMagick, Organic tracking for one site, track 2 custom-made domains and has 6 months of data retention.
- Standard Plan – This will track up 100,000 clicks monthly, 5 Funnels for FunnelMagick, Organic tracking for 5 websites, Facebook Ads Integration, track ten customized domains and has twelve months of data retention.
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The very first thing you see when you initially log into ClickMagick is a getting started video, describing the essentials.
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As I pointed out earlier, ClickMagick puts tooltips all over.
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Without this, I think the finding out curve would be considerably harder to conquer, so they definitely made the right call by adding these buttons.
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Lastly, there's a Facebook group.
If you desire the entire community element of using a tool like this, where you can trade recommendations and potentially seek help from other users…this one is for you.
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Peta Odini owened by Odini Sutherland and SoKa, owned by Karen DeFrietas are among a total of twelve Caribbean designers selected to be honored at the Caribbean Style and Culture awards showcase of 2017 with the Karib Nation award of excellence and fashion innovation. Designers from other Caribbean islands such as the British Virgin Islands, Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana and Suriname were also selected.
Odini expressed her excitement to receiving the award in the following Facebook post;
Super excited to be among the recipients for this year's Caribbean Style and Culture Awards to be held in Washington DC in June. Thank you to the CARIBBEAN STYLE & CULTURE team for selecting my brand for the Caribbean Style & Culture, Award of Excellence, Fashion Innovation.
Karen also expressed her excitement on Instagram;
Honored. Excited to be a recipient of this years Karib Nation award of excellence , fashion innovation at 2017's Caribbean style and culture awards to be held in Washington . Thanks to the team for recognizing me and also fellow Vincentian designer @petaodini . Big up me and big up she.
The showcase is a celebration of Caribbean American Heritage month as well as the achievements of the elite and up and coming Caribbean fashion designers and will be held on the 17th of June in the United States.
-First seen on Hot 97.1-
JSR Communications
We offer the best, yet most affordable business; Individual support and publishing services.
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About our special "Mentchen"
RABBI LEFKOWITZ'S 5TH GRADE CLASS is working hard on learning the causes and how to be careful with Onnas Devorim through the Shomrei Halashon Program.
The class won the national raffle to be able to choose a boy to win a prize. Pictured here is Shlomy Rosenfeld who won the chocolate fountain from the Moshlei Halashon Program. Maybe next month we will be able to win an ice cream party for the whole class. Keep it up 5th grade and continue to be Moshlei Halashon!
THE GIRLS IN MRS. BERGER'S 6TH GRADE CLASS received an outline for a Mystery Puzzle Piece Book Report. Their goal was to create a nine-piece puzzle, on an oak tag, that gives the reader clues about the mystery story they read. They assembled their puzzle "book report" in class and decorated the oak tag. They worked very diligently and the final outcome was magnificent. At Parent-Teacher Conferences, please admire the students' work, which is displayed in the corridors. If you can find Sherlock Holmes III, please let us know, so he can solve all the mysteries for us.


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Where did my brother go? !
In the remote sky, there are two white shadows like a meteor to catch the moon, speeding!
From the beginning, Mei Xueyan did not know what happened, and suddenly felt uneasy and difficult to calm down.
In fact, Mei Xueyan's heart has never been stable since the start of the first-ever force of Bear King Hawk King's Saint Venerable. Just Jun Moxie and her at the beginning of the road, Mei Xueyan was sent to the Hong Jun Pagoda world, isolated. All the information, Mei Xueyan also knows the serious surname of this matter, within the Hong Kong Pagoda, the spirits the mind, no harm, be sure to keep yourself in the best optimum condition, in order to cope with all possible follow-up things.
Later, it was a coincidence that Heavenly Saint Palace had a chance to participate in the battle, Zhan Lunhui, and the two also involved in this battle. Mei Xueyan did not officially appear from the beginning to the end, but the help for Jun Moxie was definitely not inferior to Gu. Han, even before, because of the concentration of this war, mind concentrates, not stagnate, calm.
However, in the aftermath of the war, there was no least bit to defeat the joy of such a great Expert. Instead, the feels were panic-stricken, and the badfeeling was more and more intense. only felt terrified and confused. Have a clue. After separating from Heavenly Saint Palace Gu Han and others, they went looking for the remains of Three Great Sacred Lands, and Mei Xueyan immediately urged Jun Moxie to hurry, not to generalize toward Heaven Pillar Mountain flies.
Almost no delay, even Jun Moxie reminded me that didn't even have time to take a breather, so flew directly!
The range occupied by Heaven Pillar Mountain is vast, and the ruins of the giant are far away!
Somehow, the closer it is to Heaven Pillar Mountain, the more anxious Mei Xueyan is, the more unspeakable sadness and sorrow, it seems that is very urgent but extremely timid, and dare not enter the area!
This is a psychology that is subtle, even Mei Xueyan itself, don't know what's going on in the end. There are clearly many brides in front of them, many elders, waiting for their own assistance, but it is faintly aware that there is endless sadness in that place, waiting for their own trip, waiting to give themselves a healthy blow...from the destination More and more close, Mei Xueyan's body is somewhat inexplicable and soft, and there is a trendless fly.
Mei Xueyan has always been like a jade-colored face. This moment is pale and scary. There is no half-blood, and her lips are trembling. Don't tell me is Zhan Lunhui, she is losing too much? However, this should not be.
Mei Xueyan, who has always been calm and calm, has suddenly asked this question. Apparently she hopes that Jun Moxie will give her an affirmative answer, a support from lover!
Jun Moxie took a deep breath and said:
In fact, when Jun Moxie said this sentence, his heart was also awkward. Similar to the unlucky premonition of Mei Xueyan, he also sensed the time in the range of the Heaven Pillar Mountain. But afraid that Mei Xueyan is too worried and will not say it.
This is a kind of mind mind reading, and it is also the manifestation of the dangerous intuition formed by the assassin.
Once this feeling emerges, something must happen!
Jun Moxie is almost certain that the Hawks and Bears will definitely have an important matter! He is also anxious now. But in front of Mei Xueyan, he did not dare to show it, even if it was a minute minute, he did not dare to reveal it.
Believe that if also show that type anxious... afraid have not yet reached the ground, Mei Xueyan will first step collapse!
Hawk King Bear King, Eight Great Ven Venable! Who are that? They are the closest to Mei Xueyan! Especially the Hawk King Bear King, getting along with Mei Xueyan, don't know the brothers of many years!
This kind of feeling, even if it is older than the own brothers, it is even more pro! Even far better than flesh and blood comppatriot!
Once they really have something to do, the blow to Mei Xueyan is definitely the destruction of the last name!
As a man, relying on his own woman, Jun Moxie is now also a heart like fried, but on the surface, but still pretend to be nothing, but also to do everything to comfort Mei Xueyan.
This is also the responsibility of men!
However, in the face of Mei Xueyan's last abrupt question, Jun Moxie understands that can't give lover too much illusory hope, otherwise it will only cause a greater burden on the Iraqi people in the future, preferring to let her suffer a little later, but not until Hidden pain!
Jun Moxie sighed, followed her, and flew silently. Although Mei Xueyan knew that this would only hurt herself, but could not stop it, thought: Yes, no matter what, your eldest sisters can help They are kneeling and sharing them. However, there are always things in this world that no one can stand up, and you can't! Some things that must be faced, there is no way to escape, and no escape!
Now, Jun Moxie only prays silently, and hopes that this blow is not too heavy! Or things are not too pessimistic, after all, surrounded by volcanic volcanic eruption, the possible surname that aliens can come at this time may not be very large.
Even Evil Monarch Jun Moxie, the only way to comfort himself at this moment.
Both of them are as if by prior agreement to speed up the pace of travel.
There is still a short distance from the distance destination, but there is already a strong and bloody aura. Be aware that the present's circulations, but the real Ninth Level hurricane! Moreover, the two are on the crest of wave, almost rides the wind! But across the battlefield so far, it is a contrary wind, still able to smell such a strong bloody aura!
Mei Xueyan's face was even more pale, biting her lip and flying forward desperately.
Suddenly, her figure settled in the sky, her eyes became helpless, and shouted screamingly:
Jun Moxie followed it, and suddenly his eyes narrowed, and the facial expression couldn't help but be a glimpse.
There, there is a bloody fog, slowly vacating, condensed into a huge, eagle shape, sharp-winged sharp mouth, sharp claws, mixed with a common people's arrogance, no nostalgia towards the horizon Fly away!
In the blink of an eye, it disappears completely into the high clouds!
Mei Xueyan looked up, staring at the bloody giant eagle slowly disappearing, suddenly like a scream of burning heart, the whole body trembled, a squat in the air, almost fell down; then stabilized Personal appearance, then arrow general forwarding, desperately flying out! The speed of the movement technique is almost unimaginable and hard to describe!
Jun Moxie's face is instantly blue! In the eye pupil, there is a bloody look!
Hawk King! ...has it gone?
With a flash of shape, will fully launch Yin-Yang Escape, extremely fast catch up!
Great battlefield, intense fight has ended!
The smoke of a place, at first glance, the broken limbs of the side, countless heads that have rolled down from the neck, rolling the common trundle in the wind, still glaring!
The bloody atmosphere in the air is almost suffocating!
This is not an ordinary battlefield, but more like a battle of gods and devils, the destruction of the understand world!
Bear Clan Warriors, there are less than 1,000 people, who are forming a great circle, and silently stumbled towards the middle middle position of the circle! The clan King, who guards himself into a lonely consciousness due to excessive heartache, is also paying the most noble and sincere respect to the already defeated Hawk Clan King!
No one shouted, nobodys cried, the field is foggy, but it is a death stillness, like a bloody ghost. But this kind of indescribable silence, but it is almost breathless, this kind of dismal atmosphere that is suppressed to the extreme, seems to be able to burn the human heart live!
A scream of shouting sounds coming out!
All Bear Clan warriors looked up neatly, looking at the direction of howl, and in the eyes, they flashed the expression of excit!
That is the voice of the big sister!
Eldest sister is coming!
The white shadow flashed, Mei Xueyan from the upper air, the general fierce of the meteorite crash, the strong impact of the impulse formed, the impact of the bulk stone on the ground also swept up, even when landing, to Mei Xueyan Skills, actually slammed the senior steps.
But she did not have the slightest scruple neglecting, the quick steps rushed toward the center of the circle where the Bear Clan warriors circled!
It was too eager to run. Even the scarves on the head of her hair didn't know when it was blown away by the hurricane. A long, beautiful hair was floating in the wind, but she was unaware.
Before the circle formed by the crowd, she suddenly stopped and suddenly stopped!
There is no reason for him, she... is afraid!
afraid to really seeing what don't want to see!
Bear Clan The soldiers looked at her silently. The slow-moving Bear Clan was temporarily at this moment. It was all about Mei Xueyan's thoughts at the moment. All the soldiers in the eyes were filled with tears and silently.
Mei Xueyan's heart, also suddenly fell into the bottomless abyss, and suddenly sinking, sinking...


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The more time I spend with private local English-speaking guides—and I've used them in countries worldwide—the more I think it's one of the hardest professions around: part psychologist, part historian, part logistician, part fixer, and all-around charming travel companion. That is why guides vary so vastly in quality; I've had a few I wanted to fire, and a few I wanted to invite to my wedding.
The cream of the crop, in my experience, come via top-notch destination specialists such as the ones on Wendy's WOW List. Our Trusted Travel Experts spend countless hours every year in their destinations vetting new guides and educating old ones. They build loyal relationships with the best guides in a region, so that those guides will go the extra mile for their clients. That's why I'm more comfortable spending my money on a guide vetted by a Trusted Travel Expert, as opposed to a guide I find online. Here are a few examples of what makes a guide booked by a TTE different:
They whisk you past the lines. They'll pre-buy your admission tickets so that you don't have to wait in lines at museums and other sights. I myself have been whisked past a long line at the Taj Mahal, my guide leading us with tickets already in hand.
They get you in. Different regions, cities, and even museums or monuments require different guiding licenses; only the best guides have the licenses to chaperone you everywhere you want to go. If you're stuck with a guide who's not licensed to show you a site, he'll have to hand you off to someone else, and that locally licensed guide could be terrible. On a different visit to the Taj Mahal, I was handed off to someone who did nothing but recite historical dates and attempt to restrict my photo taking to only the corniest shots. (No, I do not need to pose while seeming to pluck the top off of the dome—thanks, though.)
They answer every question. Guides clamor to work for the top firms, who can feed them a steady stream of clients—so those firms hire only the most knowledgeable guides. When reader Courtney Hartness reviewed a trip booked by Trusted Travel Expert Joe Yudin, she called her guide "a walking encyclopedia." From Montana to Mendoza, from Saigon to the Serengeti, I've had the same experience with TTEs' guides.
They connect you with local influencers and other interesting people. In fact, often the guide is a local influencer or expert in a particular subject matter. In their review of Italy Trusted Travel Expert Maria Gabriella Landers, readers Bob and Linda Infelise describe their guides as "a professor at the University of Edmonton's campus in Italy, a television personality in Bologna, and a wonderful retired librarian in Venice."
They hold the keys to the highest level of insider access. In many cases, a guide alone can't open doors that are closed to the public. "It takes years to cultivate relationships with museum curators, theater directors, palace management, etc.," says Greg Tepper, Trusted Travel Expert for Russia. No single guide in St. Petersburg or Moscow can get a traveler behind all or even most closed doors. But Greg can, and so his guides can when they're working for him.
They take you to only the most worthwhile shops and restaurants—not those that give kickbacks. The best guides command the highest rates; lesser ones are forced to supplement their wages with kickbacks from cronies at touristy stores, eateries, even museums.
We'd love to know: What do you value most in a private guide?


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Size: 23" x 22"
This challenge was to take a garden scene and make it somewhat abstract. Since I have frequently made garden scenes, my idea for this garden was to
go wild and avoid using any fabric image as a literal object, no actual flowers as flowers. Check out in particular the images I used in the tree and the
tree trunk -- extra points if you figure out the trunk! The background is all one piece of fabric; I quilted a few of the lines there.
I also wanted to make the frame an odd, but regular shape, so made one curve for the top and bottom, and another for the sides. The batting I used to stuff
the edge has "bearded" through the black satin; I regard that as simply an aspect of the art work, not intended but it's there so I'll keep it!


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Feb. 28, GNA – The Danish Consortium of Universities has pledged to deepen its
collaboration with the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
(KNUST) in the area of research, to tackle the nation's development challenges.
Mr Peter Furu, an Official of the Consortium, said they were determined to share experiences and expertise in the fields of agriculture, entrepreneurship, health care, environmental management and climate change
The academia, he said, must accept to do more by way of generating innovative ideas to promote change and improve the well being of the people.
He was speaking at the launch of the phase two of the "Building Stronger Universities Project", meant to strengthen the KNUST research capacity to aid the growth of industry.
Under it, there would be a review of the university's existing doctorate programmes and development of new ones, training of faculty members on the use of database and data management, pilot study programmes, research development and management.
The project is being funded by the Danish Government through the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA).
Mr Furu said the goal was to improve university-wide services and facilities to make the KNUST responsive to the nation's development needs.
Professor Robert C. Abaidoo, the Dean of the KNUST School of Graduate Studies, said it was part of efforts by the university to deliver quality research programmes to fight poverty.