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An 18th-Century Trades Sampler
a photographic essay by 1999 Colonial Williamsburg Teacher Institute participants
Introduction /
Apothecary /
Blacksmith /
Founder /
Harnessmaker /
Printer & Bookbinder / Shoemaker / Silversmith / Wigmaker / Summary
Welcome to one of twelve shoemaking shops in Williamsburg in 1774. This men's shoe shop was owned and operated by Mr. George Wilson. Today you can see shoes being made using the same tools and techniques used by the men and women of the 18th century.
The customer enters the shop and requests a pair of ready-made shoes hanging from the window or ceiling. However, if the customer finds nothing to his liking, he can order shoes custom made to fit his feet. Measurements are taken and the appropriate size last or wooden form is selected, the last is used to shape the shoe, and the construction process begins. From start to finish, a well-trained shoemaker completes a pair of shoes in eight to ten hours, or the equivalent of one work day.
Once the shoe last is chosen, the customer selects a style of the latest fashion. A pattern is cut and fit to the size of the last. The pattern is traced onto the leather and cut out using a knife in a process called clicking.
To free the hands of the shoemaker a leather strap is used as a vice to hold the last in place. The next phase of shoe construction involves stitching the upper to the innersole. The shoemaker's thread is made from several strands of flax coated with pitch (pine tar) to waterproof it. A boar's bristle serving as a needle is woven onto both ends of the thread. After stitching the upper to the innersole the shoemaker cut a second piece of thick sole leather to form the outersole which was then stitched to the innersole.
A strong thick piece of leather is used to form the outersole and thinner softer pieces are used for the upper and sides of the shoe. The sole is fastened to the last with a few tacks. Then a hand held tool called an awl is used to push holes into the leather to enable the shoemaker to stitch the outersole to the upper. Finally, a heel, cut from scraps of thick sole leather, was added in layers held in place by a series of wooden pegs.
The finished shoes were displayed in the window at Mr. Wilson's shoe shop. Although leather came in a variety of colors, black was the most popular with the gentlemen of 18th-century Williamsburg.
Introduction /
Apothecary /
Blacksmith /
Founder /
Harnessmaker /
Printer & Bookbinder / Shoemaker / Silversmith / Wigmaker / Summary


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About Qyiet
Just move it all to /dev/null it's surprisingly fast, cheap, and scalable.
I'm IT for my company, and I will ask you to enter your password. I'll never ask you to tell me your password.
If for some business reason I need to act as you I'll reset your password, and tell you as soon as you are available. (presumably you are not available). I'd be very suspicious of any IT department that has a different policy.
Some users are very hard to dissuade from telling you their passwords "It doesn't matter it's just ....". I try very very had to stop them from telling me that.. I don't even want to know HOW they create their passwords.
I understand how users get confused though. We had one user return from working for another company overseas recently. Apparently their IT dpt wouldn't let them even SET their own passwords because 'Then how would I use your computer if you are not there'. If their IT demands terrible practices like that how are users supposed to know better?
I live in NZ, and I'm damn sad this shit got passed. I literally protested in the streets over this. The Prime Minister is the minister in charge of this and has been trying to cover up the bullshit exposed by the kim dotcom saga all 'under urgency' with a nasty legal patch job.
The only oversight on the new laws all come down to the PM saying "trust me, I'll never let anyone do anything bad". After cocking up the oversight on a bunch of crap including the dotcom raids I don't trust him as far as I can throw him. He also said that he would resign if there had been mass spying on NZers.. it makes the guardian interesting reading at the moment, but I'd be amazed if he would ever do it.
The only light at the end of the tunnel is that the opposition parties have said they will repeal these changes, and instigate a wider review of NZs intelligence agencies if they are elected next time. And next time it should at least be close.
The problem with making something 4Chan proof, is it's like trying to make something idiot proof. They just keep making better idiots.
Hrm, I live near where the Hobbiton scenes in LoTR were filmed, I wonder if they would hire it out.
$8 in 1984 is $18 today. So it wasn't that much of a lie http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=%248USD++%281984+dollars%29+
It sounds like they've been taking tips from this guy http://twitter.com/NotAPoliceman
The difference in energy release from a microwave and the energy by a human body is 10 DBm. So to go from harmful (putting your hand in a microwave) to harmless (touching another person) that's a good baseline on an exponential scale.
Now the difference between standing in a wifi zone, and a microwave is ~60DBm. To put it another way, the person standing next to you is emitting the same amount of energy as just over 3000 laptops wifi. If you afraid of wifi, you should be deathly afraid of other people.
Numbers came from here.. any math was my fault :)
I suggest they use ROT13.. twice to be extra certain.
the problem with the slippery slope is that games don't teach you to slowly pump the brakes until you regain control of the vehicle.
Actually on a greasy road I did slide my car, and regained control via pumping the brakes. AND I credit this to playing a car game. A few months before the incident I'd been playing a minor track racing game with a wheel controller. When I slid out I reacted the same way I would have in the game, and regained control of the car as fast as was possible. I'd not practiced that before in any way in the real world, but the reaction was natural and learnt from the game.
While I don't think that computer games saved my life, I do think they saved me a few thousand dollars and a lot of mess.
You know who I blame? The assholes who don't obey the law.
I've had to deal with this.
My parents are partially retired (one is one isn't), and a fair portion of their income comes from rental properties that they have invested in over time.
They run short term rentals (a few weeks to a few months) of fully furnished properties. As such you need to provide utilities: Power, phone and internet. I live in NZ so we have a 3 strike law in place already, and it holds the account holder responsible for any infringement by the users.
Their guests are often international visitors to whom internet access is incredibly important. However there is no way that said guests are able to get an internet account setup for the short time they are staying.
The liability this poses on the account owner and the costs associated are insane. This should be a matter of 'get a router, get an account'. But instead small business owners are looking at hiring an IT professional, doing complicated setups with expensive routers (filtering won't do the job here), and running VPN pipes overseas just so that your guests can check their mail.
This is all just working around the law, not working within it. There IS no way for my parents to provide internet to their guests without exposing themselves to significant liability.
Could you craft a functioning patent system?My thoughts on this were to:
1) limit the number of items that qualify for patent protection
2) have an exponentially growing fee to renew that protection
3) Allow that protection to be traded to protect a new idea
4) Drop time as an expiration reason for patents
Actually that works. The 'skynet' law (as written) was obsessed with defining the account holder of the public IP address as liable for any infringement. If you run across a private IP network till you are outside of NZ: No legal problem. Also if you download the same data from a web server, or any system that doesn't use a peer to peer network protocol.. no issue.
TLDR: Stupid law is stupid.
I got my share of cuts from sharp computer cases, but I can't say it was even close to every time.
4) Claiming Windows 8 won't run anything outside the Windows Store...... Did I make that claim? I don't think so.
The first line of the story you quoted did. "Because no software can ship on this future platform without it going through the Windows Store" So you put that claim front and centre.
Who is talking about RT devices?
Those of use who are technically literate assumed you were talking about RT devices because of the quote above stating that the only way to get software onto the platform was via the store. This is only (mostly) true for WinRT.
Well.. the file copy dialogs are much better. The multi-screen environment I use is better supported, It seems* to do everything faster, and I get much better management tools.
So a recap of the week's news that techdirt saw fit to cover, and any followups would be good from my PoV.
Given some of the people rumored to be have been selected to play should the Bethesda Q3 trademark settlement have gone ahead, I don't like the odds of anyone but actual paid pro-gamers taking notch.
As a public figure Chris Cairns needs to man up and learn to take twitter comments in his stride.
If Modi was a dick to Chris apart from that, and somehow managed to cost him extra seasons (possible, but debatable, Cairns was getting long in the tooth) and that was illegal then he should be punished for that, not by proxy over a tweet.


text:
SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) — Tech stocks stalled in afternoon trading Monday, ending the day with mixed results, as Dell Inc. remained one of the standouts after a Goldman Sachs analyst raised his rating on the PC maker.
Dell DELL, -2.24% rose 42 cents a share, or more than 4%, to close at $10.06 after Goldman Sachs analyst Bill Shope raised his rating on the company's stock to buy from sell, with a price target of $13 a share. In a research note, Shope said that while demand for PCs remains down, "we could begin to see sentiment and expectations tilt positively in 2013."
Shope added that Wall Street's consensus earnings expectations for Dell's next fiscal year are also down so much that "we believe this reset has produced a positive risk-reward [opportunity] for the stock."
Apple Inc. AAPL, -1.46% shares rose slightly to close at $586.19, after the company said the iPhone 5 would be available in South Korea on Friday, in China next week and in more than 50 other countries before Christmas.
Chip maker Advanced Micro Devices Inc. AMD, -0.79% ended the day up by more than 7% to $2.366 a share, and online-review and recommendation company Yelp Inc. YELP, -2.29% saw its shares add almost 2% to $19.27.
Internet-radio company Pandora Media Inc. US:P rose almost 3% to $8.96 a day ahead of its next quarterly earnings report.
Zynga Inc. ZNGA, +0.65% shares lost more ground, falling more than 9% at $2.23 in the wake of the social-gaming company announcing a series of changes in its partnership with Facebook Inc. There were also reports of more executives leaving the company. See: Fiscal cliff? Zynga faces the Facebook cliff.
Facebook FB, -0.11% shares fell 3.4% at $27.04, following reports that the company was in talks to acquire WhatsApp, a cross-platform mobile-messaging application developer.
Research In Motion Ltd. US:RIMM closed even at $11.60 despite a ratings downgrade by Canaccord Genuity analyst Michael Walkley, who cut the BlackBerry maker to sell from hold.
Despite the recent rise in RIM's share price ahead of the launch of the BlackBerry 10 operating system next year, Walkley said "our checks and analysis of the global competitive landscape suggest a very low probability BlackBerry 10 sales can turn around RIM's long-term business trends."
The Nasdaq Composite Index COMP, -0.80% ended the day down by 8 points at 3,002, while the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index SOX, -1.83% and the Morgan Stanley High Tech 35 Index US:MSH also closed with small losses.


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Regulatory Actions Related to EAV Devices
Stephen Barrett, M.D.
Thousands of practitioners use "electrodiagnostic" devices to help select their recommended treatment. These devices, which are fancy galvanometers, merely measure skin resistance to the passage of electrical current. However, many are claimed to determine the cause of any disease by detecting the "energy imbalance" causing the problem. Some are also claimed to detect whether someone is allergic or sensitive to foods, deficient in vitamins, or has defective teeth. Some operators claim to tell whether a disease, such as cancer or AIDS, is not present. The diagnostic procedure is most commonly referred to as Electroacupuncture according to Voll (EAV) or electrodermal screening (EDS). This article summarizes the EAV-related regulatory actions that have come to my attention.
Galvanic skin resistance has no proven or logical relationship to the diagnosis or treatment of any disease. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration classifies "devices that use resistance measurements to diagnose and treat various diseases" as Class III devices, which require FDA approval prior to marketing. No such device can be legally marketed in the United States for diagnostic or treatment purposes. A few companies have obtained 510(k) clearance (not approval) by telling the FDA that their devices will be used for biofeedback or to measure skin resistance, but this does not entitle them to market the devices for other purposes.
EAV devices are not biofeedback devices. Biofeedback is a relaxation technique that uses an electronic device that continuously signals pulse rate, muscle tension, or other body function by tone or visual signal. In biofeedback, the signal originates and is influenced by the patient. In EAV, the signal is influenced by how hard the operator presses the probe against the patient's skin. (Pressure makes the electric current flow more easily between the device and the skin.)
The FDA has banned importation of EAV devices into the United States and warned or prosecuted a few marketers. Foreign and state regulatory agencies have also taken a few actions. However, no systematic effort has been made to drive them from the marketplace. As a result, these bogus devices are being used by many chiropractors, acupuncturists, dentists, "holistic" physicians, veterinarians, self-styled "nutritionists," and various unlicensed individuals. The most common use is for prescribing homeopathic products. They are also used to determine "allergies," detect "nutrient deficiencies," and locate alleged problems in teeth that contain amalgam fillings.
FDA Actions
- In 1985, the FDA notified a distributor that Vegatest devices
could not be marketed as a medical devices without FDA approval
(which they do not have) [1].
- In 2000, the FDA ordered Phazx Systems to stop making illegal
claims for its BodyScan 2010 and VLD-100 devices [2].
- In 2001, the FDA warned Vega Grieshaber KG and an American distributor
(BioEclectic Research, of Santa Rosa, California) that the Vega
devices and several others were unapproved medical devices that
could not be legally marketed in the United States [3,4]
- In 2011, the FDA ordered Galloway Technologies to stop representing that its Asyra software interface allowed practitoners to evaluate their patient's parameters of health using information gathered through the device's hardware system [5].
- In 2015, the FDA ordered ONDAMED, Inc., to stop making claims that Ondamed devices are useful in treating diseases. The warning letter also noted that it is improper to market the Ondamed system as a biofeedback device:
The Ondamed System does not fall within the classification regulation for a biofeedback device under 21 CFR 882.5050. As defined by 21 CFR 882.5050, "[a] biofeedback device is an instrument that provides a visual or auditory signal corresponding to the status of one or more of a patient's physiological parameters (e.g., brain alpha wave activity, muscle activity, skin temperature, etc.) so that the patient can control voluntarily these physiological parameters." The Ondamed System lacks the monitoring functionality that is essential for biofeedback devices; it does not have any design features or capabilities that allow the device to measure, record, or monitor a patient's physiological parameters so that the patient can control voluntarily these physiological parameters [6].
- In 2015, the FDA ordered ZYTO Technologies of Lindon, Utah, to stop claiming that its ZYTO devices are useful for diagnosis or for measuring the body's "preferences" for nutritional products [7]. In 2016, presumably as a result of FDA pressure, ZYTO announced "a voluntary recall of the ZYTO Tower and ZYTO Select and Elite software due to claims exceeding the 510(k) clearance." [8,9]
State Attorney General Civil Actions
- In 1991, the Illinois auditor general concluded that the state's Department of Children and Family Services was improperly paying for services by Ina J. Organ, an unlicensed "natural health counselor" who prescribed herbal and homeopathic products for hyperactive children. Organ's "credential" was obtained at a one-day session at the School of Natural Health in Utah, which trained distributors of products marketed by Nature's Sunshine, Inc., a multilevel marketing company. Organ's" diagnostic" methods included use of iridology, an Interro device, and a questionnaire that supposedly enabled her to spot Candida (yeast) infections. In 1993, Organ signed a consent judgment ordering her to pay a $1,000 penalty, offer restitution to former clients, and refrain from (a) using an Interro device), (b) providing iridology, (c) making false representations that herbal or homeopathic products strengthen the immune system, (d) using a "Candida Albicans Questionnaire" or related materials, (e) using any other questionnaire purported to help diagnose or treat any human ailment, and (f) representing that hyperactivity is caused by food allergies or can be cured or mitigated by homeopathic or herbal products. She was also ordered to refrain from diagnosing or treating any human ailment without a valid license to do so [10].
- In 2002, the Oregon Attorney General settled a lawsuit against
Monte Kline, Shirley Hancuff, and Pacific Health Center (PHC), under
which the defendants agreed not to misrepresent that EDT can
diagnose food allergies, "weak organs," certain viruses,
lead levels in children, and various other health problems. The
stipulated judgment also called for the defendants to pay $15,000
for costs and to offer refunds available to individuals whom
they had tested during the previous three years [11]. State authorities in Washington subsequently charged Kline and PHC with (a) violating the state's consumer protection act by misrepresenting the significance
of his credentials and the diagnostic capabilities
of EDT and (b) practicing medicine, naturopathy, and acupuncture without a license.
The courts ultimately ruled that Kline had violated the licensing laws but not the Consumer Protection Act. Kline announced that he would close his Washington clinic because the "unlicensed practice" ruling barred him from doing EDT, but he still operates two centers in Oregon and one in Idaho [12].
- In 2006, the Washington Department of Health ordered Joyce M. Tasker of Coleville, Washington, to stop practicing medicine and veterinary medicine without a license. A motion for summary judgment stated that Tasker, who was not a licensed health-care provider, had been using EDT to diagnose a wide variety of problems in humans and animals. (In a deposition, Tasker stated that she had begun with an Orion device and later "upgraded" to an Asyra device.) Tasker appealed to her local trial court and then to the Court of Appeals, both of which upheld the Health Department's decision [13].
Criminal Prosecutions
- During 1990, FDA agents twice raided
the Century Clinic, of Reno, Nevada (now called the Century Wellness
Center) and seized Dermatron devices and the medical records
of 71 patients [14]. The case was settled in 1993 with a consent
agreement under which the clinic and its director, Katrina C.
Tang, were prohibited from using EAV devices without either FDA
approval or under an approved application for an investigational
device exemption that would permit legitimate experimental
use. The agreement also provided for a $200,000 penalty for violation
of the consent decree. After the agreement was signed, Biosource,
which was not a party to it, obtained an Investigational Device Exemption
by falsely claiming that its Listen System devices would be used experimentally
to see whether they could detect diabetes. According to court documents
filed by the U.S. Justice Department, Tang and the clinic then
used two of these devices to diagnose other serious diseases
and did not collect the data necessary for the Biosource study.
In 1998, a magistrate judge recommended that a $400,000 fine
be imposed on Tang and the clinic [15]. A petition to overturn
this ruling was denied by two federal courts and the U.S. Supreme
Court [16]. In
December 2002, Tang signed a stipulated agreement with the Nevada
Board of Homeopathic Examiners indicating that she would retire
and would not accept new nonemergency patients. The stipulation noted
that between December 27, 2001, and February 4, 2002, 18 complaints
had been made against her that had not been investigated by the board
- In 1994, Floyd E. Weston, who had been marketing EAV devices and unapproved homeopathic drugs, pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor count
for introducing unapproved medical devices into interstate commerce. The plea agreement required him to agree to a permanent injunction barring him from selling the device or homeopathic remedies. He was sentenced to a year of probation and ordered to pay a $2,500 fine and complete 40 hours of community service.
The injunction barred him from
directly or indirectly (a) engaging in the sale, lease or distribution of any Prophyle, Biopath, Dermatron, or similar device or any other unapproved medical device, (b) engaging in the sale, advertising, or distribution of any drug not listed in the US Pharmacopeia, the Homeopathic Pharmacopeia or the National Formulary [18].
- In 2000, Rebecca Y. Rogers was arrested on complaints alleging unauthorized practice of medicine involving three clients. Testimony in the case indicated that Rogers, who purported to be a naturopath, used an EAV device to falsely diagnose a woman with breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and a brain aneurysm and falsely diagnose tapeworm in the woman's son (who was sitting on her lap but not connected to the device). She also told another woman who had been medically diagnosed with multiple sclerosis that her problem was bacterial and that she also a gall stone, inflamed appendix, inflamed small intestine, and inflamed large intestine. A lower court ruled that the legal definition of "practice of medicine" was overly broad, but in 2001 the Michigan Court of Appeals reinstated the case [19]. I don't know what happened after that.
- In 2003, an Australian naturopath who used a MORA device
for diagnosis was convicted of manslaughter in connection with
the death of an 18-day-old infant whom he had claimed to have
cured of a heart defect [20].
- In 2006, John E. Curran, of Exeter, Rhode Island, was
sentenced to 12-1/2 years in prison for fraud and money laundering.
He was also ordered to pay $1.4 million in restitution to 338 former
clients he had victimized. Documents in the case indicate that pretended
to be a medical doctor but had no valid health credentials.
His "diagnostic" tools included "Biomeridian stress assessment."
- In 2009, Enrique Vela (a/k/a Enrique Vela-Lopez) and his wife, Ute Marquez, were charged with practicing medicine without a license. The couple operated the Alternative Therapy Center out of their home in Winter Haven, Florida. The charges were based on an undercover investigation by two agents of the Polk County Sheriff's Department who were tested with an Asyra device. One was told she had hookworm larvae, bilharziasis, intestinal fluke and enzyme deficiencies in her small intestine, and bacteria and anthrax in her body. The other was diagnosed with problems of the skin, sinus, and reproductive organs [23]. He settled the charges by entering a pre-trial intervention program.
Professional Board Actions
- In 1986, the California Board of Dental Examiners suspended the license of Ralph A. Landerman, D.D.S. after concluding that he had mistreated two patients. The accusation stated that he used a Dermatron to diagnose "energy" problems with many of their teeth that he purported to treat with homeopathic injections followed by extraction of the teeth. The board concluded that removal of the teeth—11 from one patient and 3 from the other—was unnecessary, caused the patients to become "dental cripples," and constituted "gross ignorance and/or inefficiency . . . incompetence and/or gross negligence." [24] The case was settled with a stipulated order under which Landerman's dental license was suspended for five months and he was placed on five years' probation during which he was required to (a) take remedial education courses, (b) arrange for monitoring when he resumed practice, and (c) refrain from further ues of the Dermatron device [25].
- In 1990, the New Zealand Medical Journal described
how a homeopathic physician had used a Vega device to diagnose
allergies in three infants. In each case, the device was applied
to the mother with the child on the mother's lap or roaming about
the examining room. The doctor also diagnosed "miasms,"
which, if not removed, would prove fatal later in life. The Medical
Practitioners Disciplinary Committee ordered that he be censured,
pay a penalty of NZ$900 plus NZ$25,000 for costs and expenses,
and follow certain standards of care for three years [26].
- In 1992, the Wisconsin Medical Examining Board obtained a stipulated
order barring Timoteo Galvez further use of an Interro device for diagnosing
or treating patients [27].
- In 1992, the Virginia Board of Medicine accused Vincent J. Speckhart, M.D., of improperly managing the case of 13 patients, most of whom had cancer. The complaint alleged that in 9 of these cases, Speckhart used an EAV device to make improper diagnoses and select homeopathic remedies and other inappropriate substances to treat them [28]. In 1993, the case was settled with a consent order in which Speckhard admitted no wrongdoing but the board concluded that he had improperly diagnosed and/or treated 10 of them, including 6 who had received EAV testing [29]. The board placed Speckhart on indefinite probation with a provision that he could use an EAV device only as a clinical investigator and not for diagnosing or treating of medical condtitions. His probation was terminated in 1998.
- In 1994, the Oregon Medical Board revoked the license of John E. Gambee, M.D., after noting that his use of unscientific practices—including EAV and ozone therapy—justified revocation of his license [30]. (He was permitted to resume practice in 1994 but got into trouble repeatedly and had his license revoked in 2011.)
- In 1995, Leo J. Bolles, M.D., was disciplined by the Washington Stete Medical Quality Assurance Commission for a variety of improper practices, including the use of an Interro device to diagnose allergies [31].
- In 1995, after reviewing her care of 36 patients, the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (Canada) concluded that Carolyn Dean, M.D. was unfit to practice and revoked her registration certificate. The questionable practices that concerned the regulators included Vega and Interro testing [32].
- In 1996, the New Jersey Attorney General
obtained a consent agreement in which William Holder, M.D., was
ordered to (a) properly code insurance claim forms; (b) obtain
informed consent when using unconventional methods; (c) stop
using an "Acuscope," device; (d) stop selling dietary
supplements, homeopathic remedies, and herbal products; and (e)
pay $5,319.92 to cover the cost of the state medical board's
investigation of him [33].
- In 1996, a hearing officer concluded that Dr.
Richard Plagenhoef had provided substandard care to a patient and
recommended that his license be suspended until he can demonstrate
to the licensing board that he can practice medicine with skill and
safety. The hearing officer's report said that
Plagenhoef had (a) diagnosed chemical toxicity based on no medical
tests or physical examination, (b) used a worthless device (an Interro)
to confirm that "diagnosis," and (c) improperly treated
the patient with "detox
drops." The board adopted the hearing officer's recommendations. The Florida
Department of Health's Web site states that Plagenhoef's license was revoked
in 1997 but does not indicate why [34].
- In 1998, the Missouri licensing board charged a chiropractor
(Gary Edwards) with falsely telling a patient his HIV (AIDS virus)
infection had been cured, leading to infection of the man's wife
and daughter with the virus. According to reports in the Kansas
City Star, the patient, who had hemophilia, consulted Edwards
after learning that he was infected with the virus. According
to the board's complaint, Edwards said that he could treat the
disease with help from an Interro device and prescribed various
supplements and herbs. Six months later, he allegedly said that
the virus had been eradicated, and the patient and his wife decided
to have a child. The child was born in 1992. The patient died
a few months later of complications triggered by AIDS, and tests
subsequently showed that both mother and daughter were infected
[35]. In February 2000, a Missouri judge agreed that the chiropractic
board could discipline Edwards for "fraud deception and
misrepresentation." [36] In May, the board suspended him
for two years followed by five years of probation [37]. In April
2002, the Missouri Court of Appeals ruled that the Board's fact-finding
body erred by not allowing Edwards to have access to certain
[38]. The board subsequently withdrew its complaint. Edwards
sued the board members and an investigator for malicious prosecution
[39], but the Missouri Court of Appeals reversed the decison and permitted the case to continue to trial and the jury awarded $6.2 million to Edwards [40].
- In 1998, the Discipline Committee of the College of Physicians
and Surgeons of Ontario (Canada) found Jozef Krop, a Canadian
physician, guilty of professional misconduct in that he failed
to maintain the standard of practice in the care of six patients
whose cases the committee had reviewed. The misconduct included
use of a Vegatest device to "screen" and/or to determine
how to treat the patients. Krop appealed the decision,
but the divisional court ruled against him and his petition to appeal to the
Ontario Court of Appeal was denied in 2003 [41].
- In 1998, the Nevada Medical Board entered into a stipulation for settlement with Donald Soli, M.D., under which he was reprimanded, placed on probation for five years, and barred from using a Dermatron or any similar machine [42].
- In 1998, an Australian
dentist received a 6-month suspension for performing jaw surgery
based on readings of a Dermatron device [43].
- In 2001, the Connecticut Department of Health placed Mark Breiner, D.D.S. on probation for five years, during which he was required to disclose that there was "insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of" electrodermal testing. However, the Department's action, which primarily concerned his inappropriate removal of amalgam fillings and root-canal-treated teeth, did not require Breiner to stop doing EAV testing [44].
- In 2003, Anthony G. Roeder, D.D.S., of Paoli, Pennsylvania, permanently
surrendered his dental license to settle charges of unprofessional
conduct. The settlement agreement indicates that the dental board
was concerned with his substandard treatment of two women [45]. One
case concerned a woman who suffered severe pain after he unnecessarily
removed amalgam fillings in 11 other teeth. At his direction, the woman
also underwent EDS. In the other case, he injected homeopathic "remedies" into
the patient's gums.
- In 2003, the Maryland State Board of Physician Quality Assurance
revoked the license of Barbara A. Solomon, M.D. for refusing to cooperate
with an investigation of her use of a Computron device. In 1998, after
a patient complained, the board warned her about failure to adequately
disclose the risks involved and said that in six months it would
review her practice. When the board subsequently asked to see patient
records, Solomon stalled and ultimately
filed suit to block the board's request [46]. The court upheld the
board's actions [47].
- In 2004, the Washington Department of Health
Medical Quality Assurance Commission concluded that Geoffrey S. Ames,
M.D., who practices in Richland, Washington, had committed unprofessional
conduct by using a LISTEN device to (incorrectly) diagnose a patient
as having an "egg allergy." The Commission issued a 5-year
license suspension that would be stayed provided that Ames (a) stopped
using the device, (b) undergoes quarterly practice reviews, and (c)
pays a $5,000 fine [48]. In 2007, the Washington Court of Appeals
agreed that use of the device had created an "unreasonable
risk of harm." [49] In 2009, the Washington Supreme Court
agreed, stating that Ames had "led patients to believe that LISTEN could diagnose and treat allergies, when in fact it could do neither." [50]
- In 2005, the Connecticut Department of Health accepted a consent
agreement under which Warren M. Levin, M.D., waived his right to a
hearing about allegations that, if proven, would have been grounds
for disciplinary action. The agreement included routine electrodermal
screening in a list of eight diagnostic and treatment methods that
were "outside the standard of care." The investigator's report
alleged that Levin had engaged in various illegitimate medical practices,
falsely told patients he was doing research, and had staff members
perform procedures for which they were not properly credentialed and
licensed. Levin relocated to Arizona at about that time and let his
Connecticut license lapse in August 2004. However, the Department took
steps to ensure that if he reapplied for licensure in Connecticut,
it could deny the application unless he could demonstrate that his
practice would be legal, safe, and effective [51].
- In 2005, the Wisconsin Dentistry Examining Board revoked the license
of Richard Vander Heyden, D.D.S., of Green Bay, Wisconsin, for unprofessional
conduct related to the use of two EAV devices (Dermatron and Interro).
The heart of the Board's decision was that Vander Heyden's diagnostic
use of EAV devices and prescription of homeopathic products for non-dental
conditions were beyond the legitimate scope of dental practice. In
one case the board investigated, Vander Heyden used his Dermatron at
various times to falsely diagnose botulism; pneumonia; meningitis;
hepatitis; coxsackie virus; Epstein-Barr virus; E. coli and klebsiella
(bacterial infections); whooping cough; and gallbladder and colon inflammation,
most of which he then treated with homeopathic products. Although he
claimed to have used the devices for research purposes, he refused
to provide the board with any experimental thesis, protocol, data,
or patient records [52].
- In 2005, Dorothy Merritt, M.D., who operates chelation clinics in
Texas, signed
a consent agreement with
the Texas Board of Medical Examiners under which she was assessed $3,000
and ordered to retract a misleading promotional statement that the
BioMeridian device was "the medical tool of the millennium."
- In 2007, the policy committee of the Ohio Dental Board concluded that it was not within the scope of dental practice to use a Biomeridian device to evaluate whether people are deficient in certain vitamins and minerals and to formulate a custom nutritional supplement [54].
- In 2010, the Connecticut Board of Health charged Jarir Nakouzi, M.D. with deviating from the standard of care in caring for a late-stage cancer patient [55]. The treatment centered around the use of a bioresonance device for diagnosis and treatment. Newsweek has published a vivid account of what happened [55]. The case was settled in 2011 with a consent order under which Nakouzi agreed to (a) pay $5,000, (b) stop using devices that measure skin resistance for diagnostic or treatment purposes, (c) stop making unsubstantiated claims that refrain from recommending, prescribing, or administering any alleged cancer treatment that lacks FDA approval or scientific support, and (d) serve probation for two years, during which at least 20 of his patient charts should be subject to random review by a supervisor acceptable to the Connecticut Department of Health [57].
- In 2011, the Florida Board of Massage Therapy revoked the license of Enrique-Vela-Lopez, LMT (mentioned above) for practicing beyond the scope of massage therapy by using an Asyra device. He was also fined $1,500 and assessed $3,900 for costs [58].
- In 2015, in response to a complaint from me, the Texas Medical Board concluded that the Web site of Pieter J. De Wet, M.D. contained improper statements about the ZYTO device, "laser energetic detoxification" with an Asyra device, and ozone therapy. When notified of a possible violation, De Wet removed the statements at issue plus others that his attorney advised might concern the board in the future. He then signed an agreed order under which he was reprimanded, fined $3,000, and required to take continuing education courses in risk management and ethics [59].
- In 2015, chiropractors Richard F. Bronson [60], Michael Bean [61], and Eric J. Olsen [62] each signed a consent agreement with the Arizona State Board of Chiropractic Examiners under which they were placed on probation for six months, and ordered to pay a $250 civil penalty and to "cease and desist the use of ZYTO bioscan technology."
- In 2016, the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation suspended the chiropractic license of Michel Y. Roy, D.C., who had advertised on his web site that he used the Vega Test to measure "electromagnetic fluctuations" in a patient's body to attain "clinically relevant information" about "food allergy testing," "organ screen," [sic.] and "intestinal flora imbalance." The disciplinary order noted that the device was neither a diagnostic nor a screening tool and lacked FDA approval [63].
- Three chiropractic boards have considered whether EAV devices are "within the scope of chiropractic." The Oregon Board has said no, but the Arkansas Board has said that the ZYTO can be used as a "nutritional analysis tool." The Wisconsin Board has prohibited the use of the EAV, Vegatest, Biotron 1000, Accupath 1000, Vi-Tel, Interro, and Pro-Phyle or "substantially similar counterparts of any othese devices.
Foreign Regulatory Agency Actions
- In 1999, the British Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) reviewed
a pamphlet which alleged that a Bio Resonance Therapy device
could help people suffering from headaches, overweight, tiredness,
bloating, irritable bowel syndrome, skin rashes, arthritis, and
premenstrual tension. In May 1999, after reviewing a manual and
other information about the device, the Authority concluded that
the claims were unsubstantiated [64].
- In 2000, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission
secured an agreement under which Listen Systems Pty Ltd and its
director, Stephen John Alexander, would stop falsely advertising
that their "EQ4 Quick Check" and the '"EQ4 Computerised
Electrodermal Screening" devices can: (a) test particular
energy points and find an appropriate remedial strategy by scanning
over 40,000 items stored in their "virtual inventory";
(b) measure allergic reactions to samples of specific food, pollens
and other substances; and (c) imprint appropriate frequencies to
create individually designed isopathic remedies [65].
- In 2002, Health Canada suspended the licenses for the Vegasom
(License No.13264), Vega Audiocolor (License No. 13267), Vegaselect
(License No.13270) and Vegatest Expert (License No. 14736), which
prohibits the sale or importation of these devices.
- In 2002, the ASA concluded
that a leaflet offering Vega testing as a "complete
test for hidden problems" was misleading and advised
the advertiser to withdraw it [66].
- In 2011, the ASA
concluded that a leaflet for "food sensitivity testing" with a Vegatest device was misleading and must be discontinued because validity of the device was not backed by sufficiently robust evidence [67].
- In 2015, the ASA ordered Bicom UK, based in Leeds, West Yorkshire, to stop claiming that its Bicom "bio-resonance" machines are effective against allergy; food intolerance; bacterial and fungal infections; viruses; toxins; cancer; depression; smoking; weight gain; sports injuries; digestive and skin problems; neurological disorders; irritable bowel syndrome; Crohn's disease; neurodermatitis; ADHD; dental problems; and even Ebola [68].
- In 2015, the ASA ordered LifePrinciples of Birmingham to stop claims that bioresonance devices (coMra therapy, miHealth and VisionPro) could help people solve various health problems [69].
- In 2018, the ASA ordered Carolyn Stevens to stop claiming that her Asyra device (a) "can be used for screening for a multitude of issues and imbalances in your system," (b) "will identify issues and help with the start of a balancing, desensitisation or detoxification protocol," (c) can check the energetic status of 40 major organs, and (d) is effective in screening for food sensitivities; nutritional, hormonal and toxic loads; infections; alcohol addiction; parasites; and many other health problems [70].
For Additional Information
- Britain RG. Regulatory letter to John Fitzgerald, Director, Pulse Life, St. Maries, Idaho, March 2, 1985.
- Gill LJ. Warning letter to Michelle Vandepass , May 19, 2000.
- Spears LD. Warning letter to Gerhard F.P. Braun, April 25, 2001.
- Spears LD. Warning letter to Scott Moyer, April 25, 2001.
- Madsen MR. Warning letter to Joseph S. Galloway, Aug 25, 2011.
- Welch J. Warning letter to Sylvia Binder, June 1, 2015.
- Mitchell LM. Warning letter to Vaughn R. Cook, May 8, 2015.
- Class 2 device recall: ZYTO Tower. FDA Web site, July 1, 2016.
- Class 2 device recall: ZYTO Select software and ZYTO Elite software. FDA Web site, July 1, 2016.
- Consent judgment. Illinois v. Ina June Organ d/b/a Creative Counselors. Sixth District Circuit Court, Macon County, Illinois, case No. 91-MR-87, filed June 7, 1993.
- Stipulation and judgment. State of Oregon v Shirley Hancuff, Monte Kline, and Pacific Health Center. Circuit Court of the State of Oregon, Case No. CCV0111396, Filed Jan 14, 2002.
- Barrett S. A skeptical look at Monte Kline and Pacific Health Centers. Quackwatch, Aug 20, 2014.
- Barrett S. Regulatory action against "nutritionist" Joyce Tasker. Casewatch, Sept 5, 2007.
- Denial of use of Dermatron and interference with desired medical treatment. FDA Consumer 28(8):36, 1994.
- United States v. Century Clinic, Inc., et al. (D. Nev.) GC Litigation Summaries, Feb 11, 1998.
- Century Clinic, Inc., and Katrina Tang, Petitioners, v. United States of America. Brief for the United States in opposition to petition for a writ of certiorari, Feb 2000. [PDF}
- Stipulated settlement agreement and order. In re: Katrina Tang, H.M.D., Dec 14, 2002.
- Docket. USA v. Weston. Case No. 2:93-cr-00517-GGH. U.S. Federal Court, Eastern District of California, 1993-1995.
- People of the State of Michigan v Rebecca Yevette Rogers. Oakland Circuit Court No. 228929, Dec 28, 2001.
- Barrett S. Australian naturopath convicted of manslaughter. Naturowatch, Feb 13, 2004.
- Fake doctor is sentenced to 121/2 years in prison for fraud, money laundering. USDOJ news release, Aug 25, 2006.
- Fake doctor is ordered to pay $1.4 million restitution to 338 clients he victimized with phony treatment programs. USDOJ news release, Nov, 16, 2006.
- Barrett S. Quack Device operators arrested for practicing medicine without a license. Quackwatch, June 18, 2009.
- Accusation. In the matter of the accusation against: Ralph Andrew Landerman, D.D.S. California Board of Dental Examiners, Case No. AGN 1985-12, filed June 5, 1986.
- Order. In the matter of the accusation against: Ralph Andrew Landerman, D.D.S. California Board of Dental Examiners, Case No. AGN 1985-12, July 30, 1987.
- Medical Practitioners Disciplinary Committee: Professional misconduct findings against Dr. D W Steeper. New Zealand Medical Journal 103:194-195, 1990.
- Final decision and order. In the matter of disciplinary proceedings against Timoteo Galvez, M.D. State of Wisconsin, Medical Examining Board, Dec 16, 2992.
- Statement of particulars. In re: Vincent J. Speckhart, M.D. before the Virginia Board of Medicine, Sept 16, 1992.
- Consent order. In re: Vincent J. Speckhart, M.D. before the Virginia Board of Medicine, April 26, 1993.
- Final order. In the matter of John E. Gambee, M.D. Oregon Medical Examiners, Oct 13, 1994.
- Stipulated findings of fact, conclusions of law and agreed order. In the matter of the License to practice medicine of Leo Joseph Bolles, M.D. Filed Dec 18, 1995.
- Decision summary. Carolyn Flora Anne Dean, CPSO# 30780. July 24, 1995.
- In the matter of the suspension and revocation of the license of William Holder, M.D., to practice medicine and surgery in the State of New Jersey. Consent order, filed March 12, 1996.
- Recommended order. Florida Board of Medicine vs. Richard L. Plagenhoef, M.D. Case No 94-3214. Feb 2, 1996.
- Canon S. Chiropractor accused of falsely claiming HIV virus had been cured. Kansas City Star, Sept 18, 1998.
- Canon S. Independence chiropractor faces disciplinary action. Kansas City Star, Feb 24, 2000.
- Canon S. Independence chiropractor gets two-year license suspension. Kansas City Star, Feb 24, 2000.
- Lambe J. Case against chiropractor who treated Mennonite man to be heard again. Kansas City Star, April 17, 2002.
- Opinion. Gary Edwards v Lawrence M. Gerstin et al. Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District, Case No. WD66678, Filed Dec 26, 2006.
- Licensing board must pay $6.2 million judgment. Courthouse news, Feb 17, 2012.
- Disciplinary Action against Dr. Jozef Krop. Casewatch, Sept 5, 2007.
- Barrett S. Disciplinary actions against Donald Soli, M.D. Quackwatch, Jan 13, 2004.
- Dentist's 6 month ban over device 'experiment'. The Advertiser, Feb 14, 1998.
- Consent order. In re: Mark Breiner. D.D.S. Connecticut Department of Health Petition No. 940929-002-123, Nov 10, 2001.
- Consent agreement and order. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs vs. Anthony G. Roeder, D.D.S. Docket No. 1222-46-02, adopted April 25, 2003.
- Final order. In the matter of Barbara A. Solomon, M.D. Before the Maryland State Board of Physician Quality Assurance. Case No. 99-0479, April 4, 2001.
- Opinion. Barbara A. Solomon, M.D. v. State Board of Physician Quality Assurance. Maryland Court of Special Appeals, No. 361, Filed Dec 19, 2003.
- Findings of fact, conclusions of law, and final order. In the matter of the license to practice as a physician and surgeon of: Geoffrey S. Ames, MD. Washington Medical Quality Assurance Commission, Docket No. 02-06-A-1012MD, May 30, 2004.
- Opinion. Geoffrey S. Ames, M.D. v. Washington State Health Department Medical Quality Health Assurance Commission. State of Washington Court of Appeals, filed May 17, 2007.
- Opinion. Ames v. Washington State Health Department Medical Quality Assurance Commission.. Supreme Court of Washington, Case No 80644-6, filed June 4, 2009.
- Consent order. In re: Warren Levin, M.D. Petition No. 2003-01 14-001-005. Connecticut Department of Health, June 21, 2005.
- License revocation of Richard Vander Heyden, D.D.S. (2005). Casewatch, July 29, 2005.
- Agreed order. In the matter of the license of Dorothy Merritt, M.D. before the Texas State Board of Medical Examiners, July 5, 2005.
- Minutes of the Ohio State Dental Board meeting of January 10, 2007, page 37.
- Statement of Charges. In re: Jarir Nakouzi, M.D. Connecticut Department of Public Health Petition No. 2007-0424-001-060. Nov 9, 2010.
- Adler J. No way to treat the dying. Newsweek, Jan 26, 2008.
- Consent order. In re: Jarir Nakouzi, M.D. Connecticut Department of Public Health Petition No. 2007-0424-001-060. July 20, 2100.
- Barrett S. Disciplinary action against Enrique Vela-Lopez, LMT. Casewatch, Jan 20, 2012.
- Agreed order. In the matter of the license of Pieter Juan De Wet, M.D. Before the Texas Medical Board, April 10, 2015.
- Consent agreement. In the matter of Richard F. Bronson, D.C., before the Arizona State Board of Chiropractic Examiners. Case No. 2014-082, May 21, 2015.
- Consent agreement. In the matter of Michael. E. Bean, D.C., before the Arizona State Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Case No. 2014-083, April 28, 2015.
- Consent agreement. In the matter of Eric J. Olsen, D.C., before the Arizona State Board of Chiropractic Examiners. Case No. 2014-084, May 21, 2015.
- Barrett S. Disciplinary actions against Michel Yvon Roy, D.C. Casewatch, May 31, 2016.
- British Advertising Standards Authority. Adjudication: Allergy Testing Service, May 1999.
- Promoter of alternative therapy devices gives undertakings. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission news release, April 26, 2000.
- Adjudication of complaint against Premier Health. British Advertising Standards Authority, Oct 16, 2002.
- Adjudication of complaint against the Ladbroke Clinic. British Advertising Standards Authority, March 2, 2011.
- Adjudication of complaint against Bicom UK. British Advertising Standards Authority, Jan 28, 2015.
- Adjudication of complaint against LifePrinciples. British Advertising Standards Authority, Aug 5, 2015.
- ASA ruling on Carolyn Stevens. British Advertising Standards Authority, June 27, 2018.
This article was revised on August 30, 2018.


text:
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You have made significant investments in CA software to drive competitive advantage in the application economy. At times, even the most sophisticated IT team can face challenges while onboarding new solutions. You have made the right decision, but you realize you could use some short-term expertise to get through the crucial initial stages of your deployment to ensure adoption and peak performance. Turn to the CA Services experts to augment your staff in order to maximize your resources and address these issues:
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Recommended Content


text:
Bakery Grammar 101
Grammar Rules for Bakers
Avoid commas, That are not, necessary.
Consult a dictionery to avoid mispelings.
""Avoid" "overuse" "of" "quotation" "marks.""
Prepositions are something you never end a sentence with.
Proofread carefully to see if you any words out.
Only use apostrophe's when its the proper time.
Don't overuse exclamation points!!!!!!!!!
Always hyphenate between syllables, and avoid un-necessary hyp- henation.
No sentence fragments
See? Piece of cake!
Next week: Dangling participles!
There, they're, their. Put down the red correcting pens long enough to thank Lynne S., Malory M., Donna M., Marlese L., Allison C., Jennifer B., Samuel, Maria, Meris, and Gamal A., whose grammar is always perfect.
Thank you for using our Amazon links to shop! USA, UK, Canada.


text:
From APIDesign
This page describes a way to convert any wikipedia::3SAT problem to a solution of finding the right configuration from conflicting libraries in a system that can re-export APIs. Thus proving that the later problem is wikipedia::NP-complete.
The problem of satisfying a logic formula remains NP-complete even if all expressions are written in wikipedia::conjunctive normal form with 3 variables per clause (3-CNF), yielding the 3SAT problem. This means the expression has the form:
- ...
where each xab is a variable vi or a negation of a variable . Each variable vi can appear multiple times in the expression.
Module Dependencies Problem
Let A,B,C,... denote an API.
Let A1,A1.1,A1.7,A1.11 denote compatible versions of API A.
Let A1,A2.0,A3.1 denote incompatible versions of API A.
Let Ax.y > Bu.v denote the fact that version x.y of API A depends on version u.v of API B.
Let denote the fact that version x.y of API A depends on version u.v of API B and that B re-exports its elements.
Let Repository R = (M,D) be any set of modules with their various versions and their dependencies on other modules with or without re-export.
Let C be a Configuration in a repository R = (M,D), if , where following is satisfied:
- - each re-exported dependency is satisfied with some compatible version
- - each dependency is satisfied with some compatible version
- Let there be two chains of re-exported dependencies and then - this guarantees that each class has just one, exact meaning for each importer
Module Dependency Problem: Let there be a repository R = (M,D) and a module . Does there exist a configuration C in the repository R, such that the module , e.g. the module can be enabled?
Converstion of wikipedia::3SAT to Module Dependencies Problem
Let there be wikipedia::3SAT formula with with variables v1,...,vm as defined above.
Let's create a repository of modules R. For each variable vi let's create two modules and , which are mutually incompatible and put them into repository R.
For each formula let's create a module Fi that will have three compatible versions. Each of them will depend on one variable's module. In case the variable is used with negation, it will depend on version 2.0, otherwise on version 1.0. So for the formula
we will get:
All these modules and dependencies add into repository R
Now we will create a module T1.0 that depends all formulas:
- ...
and add this module as well as its dependencies into repository R.
Claim: There a configuration C of repository R and there is a solution to the wikipedia::3SAT formula.
"": Let's have an evaluation of each variable to either true or false that evaluates the whole wikipedia::3SAT formula to true. Then


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The Rockingham County Legal Department represents the county government in legal proceedings, provides legal advice to the Board of Commissioners and county departments, and supervises the drafting of ordinances and legal documents. We also prosecute ordinance violations in the county, but do not prosecute criminal matters. We cannot provide legal services to private citizens.
The County Attorney's Office serves as in-house legal counsel to elected county officials, county departments and county boards.
The County Attorney's Office cannot provide legal services or advice to private citizens. Legal Aid (1-800-951-2257 or 1-866-219-5262) or NC Attorney Referral Service: 1-800-662-7660 may be helpful to citizens seeking legal representation and/or answers to general legal questions.
The County Attorney's Office does not handle business complaints. People with business complaints, including questions regarding licensing or problems with a business transaction, should contact the North Carolina Attorney General's Consumer Affairs (919-716-6000) or the Better Business Bureau (336-852-4240).
Mailing Address:
P.O. Box 93
Wentworth, NC 27375
Phone: 336-342-8347
Fax: 336-342-8105
County Attorney: John M. Morris
Paralegals: Cindy Herring & Brandy Simmons
Legal Assistant: Donna Fulcher
Department Mission: To provide legal advice and representation to the Board of Commissioners and all County departments and agencies in order to assist them in achieving their goals and objectives in accordance with all relevant laws.
Service Description: Providing legal representation and a variety of legal services to the Board of Commissioners and County departments and agencies including attendance at Commissioner and other board meetings, consultation, drafting ordinances and resolutions, preparing legal documents and managing litigation. The Rockingham County Attorney is appointed by the Board of Commissioners and serves at the Board's pleasure.


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IDNR Grant Program Schedule for FY 2020
All grants administered by the Department, including other grants not listed below, are subject to available funding.
Grants Administered by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (Listing) The following links will take you directly to those sections on our website.
Grant Administration-AEG
Recreational Grants-in-Aid Programs. These include OSLAD/federal LWCF, Boating Access, PARC, and Trails Programs like Bikeway, Snowmobile, Off-Highway Vehicle, and federal recreational trails.
The Urban and Community Forestry Assistance Grant provides financial assistance to local units of government for the development of local urban and community forestry programs. These activities must help to establish, manage, conserve and preserve the urban and community forests from inner city to associated public lands.
Illinois Biodiversity Field Trip Grant application - Teachers may apply to receive funds for natural resources-related field trips with their students.
Schoolyard Habitat Action Grants (available to schools, nature centers and youth groups)
Volunteer Fire Assistance Grant Program (VFA Program) - During the past two years approximately thirty wildland fire training classes have been presented around the state through the Illinois Fire Service Institute. Please visit here again as we will be posting new information and forms.
Special Wildlife Funds Grant Program - The Office of Resource Conservation provides grants through the Illinois Habitat Fund, State Pheasant Fund, State Furbearer Fund, and the Migratory Waterfowl Stamp fund that are funded by Illinois sportsmen through the purchase of Habitat Stamps and Migratory Waterfowl Stamps. Together these programs are designed to protect, acquire, enhance or manage wildlife habitat and to support limited research and educational programs to further advance this mission. The Illinois Wildlife Preservation Fund Grant Program is designed to preserve, protect, perpetuate and enhance non-game wildlife and native plant resources of this state through preservation of a satisfactory environment and an ecological balance. Additionally, the Maintenance of Wildlife Rehabilitation Facilities That Take Care of Threatened or Endangered Species portion of the Illinois Wildlife Preservation Fund is intended to keep these facilities in a state of good repair necessary to provide safe and sanitary conditions for the species and the staff.
Forestry Assistance Programs. These include the Rural Forest Landowner Assistance, the Urban and Community Forestry, Nursery Operations, Forest Protection and Health Management, Forest Products Industry Assistance, and Forestry Development Act (FDA) programs.
Illinois Coastal Management Program Grants Communities and non-profits along the Illinois Lake Michigan shoreline can apply for grants to protect, restore, and manage the Illinois Lake Michigan Coast for current and future generations
Copyright © 2018 IL DNR


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perfect, thank you
|Dimensions (mm)
|not provided
|Weight (carats)
|not provided
|Certified Gemstone
Lapis Lazuli is an intense blue gemstone popular for centuries as a protector of ones self either physically or emotionally. Has metaphysical, properties for opens ,truthfulness and aids in over coming shyness and builds self confidence. lapis has been considered a stone of royalty.
Lapis Lazuli is known for bringing in inner peace.and is a stone that awakens self awareness, ones self expression is enhanced bringing in inner truth providing creativity.
Lapis Lazuli aids in seeing objectivity, clarity and inspires an individual's confidence.
The best lapis lazuli is found in limestone in the Kokcha River valley of Badakhshan province in northeastern Afghanistan , and these deposits in the mines of Sar-e-Sang have been worked for more than 6,000 years.[ 7] Afghanistan was the source of lapis for the ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations, as well as the later Greek and Roman; during the height of the Indus valley civilization about 2000 B.C. , the Harappan colony now known as Shortugai was established near the lapis mines.[ 2]
In addition to the Afghan deposits, lapis has been extracted for years in the Andes near Ovalle , Chile , where the deep blue stones compete in quality with those from Afghanistan. Other less important sources include the Lake Baikal region of Russia , Siberia , Angola , Burma , Pakistan , USA (California and Colorado ), Canada and India .
In ancient Egypt lapis lazuli was a favorite stone for amulets and ornaments such as scarabs ; it was also used by the Assyrians and Babylonians for seals . Lapis jewelry has been found at excavations of the Predynastic Egyptian site Naqada (3300–3100 BC), and powdered lapis was used as eyeshadow by Cleopatra .[ 2]
As inscribed in the 140th chapter of the Egyptian Book of the Dead , lapis lazuli, in the shape of an eye set in gold, was considered an amulet of great power. On the last day of the month, an offering was made before this symbolic eye, for it was believed that, on that day, the supreme being placed such an image on his head.[citation needed ]
The ancient royal Sumerian tombs of Ur, located near the Euphrates River in lower Iraq, contained more than 6000 beautifully executed lapis lazuli statuettes of birds, deer, and rodents as well as dishes, beads, and cylinder seals. These carved artifacts undoubtedly came from material mined in Badakhshan in northern Afghanistan . Much Sumerian and Akkadian poetry makes reference to lapis lazuli as a gem befitting royal splendor.[citation needed ]
In ancient times, lapis lazuli was known as sapphire ,[ 8] which is the name that is used today for the blue corundum variety sapphire. It appears to have been the sapphire of ancient writers because Pliny refers to sapphirus as a stone sprinkled with specks of gold. A similar reference can be found in the Hebrew Bible in Job 28:6. The Bible (New Living Translation) also mentions lapis lazuli in Exodus 24:10 where God Himself seems to be standing upon it while on Mount Sinai.
Many of the blues in painting from medieval Illuminated manuscripts to Renaissance panels were derived from lapis lazuli. Ground to a powder and processed to remove impurities and isolate the component lazurite, it forms the pigment ultramarine . This clear, bright blue, which was one of the few available to painters before the 19th century, cost a princely sum. As tempera painting was superseded by the advent of oil paint in the Renaissance, painters found that the brilliance of ultramarine was greatly diminished when it was ground in oil and this, along with its cost, led to a steady decline in usage. Since the synthetic version of ultramarine was discovered in the 19th century (along with other 19th century blues, such as cobalt blue), production and use of the natural variety has almost ceased, though several pigment companies still produce it and some painters are still attracted to its brilliance and its romantic history
Delivery very fast, the goods is beautiful same as the photos, a recommend seller.
Quick shipment. Items matched their description. I would recommend them.
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Parks and Golf Courses
Urban and suburban areas are spreading rapidly and wild spaces are quickly disappearing; golf courses, parks and other greenspaces are increasingly important to the vitality of our communities. At the most basic level, healthy parks mean healthy people and healthy communities. At the core of a healthy environment are pollinators-animals that move pollen among flowers, thus ensuring that the plants can form seeds and fruits.
Pollinator conservation is perfectly suited for parks and golf courses. The basic habitat needs for pollinator insects are simple to provide and can be integrated into the current maintenance of any greenspace.
A 3 step approach to conserving pollinators in parks and golf courses
Recognize the native pollinators and their habitat that are already on your site.
Adjust existing land management practices to avoid causing undue harm to the pollinators already present.
Enhance, restore, or create habitat for native bees and butterflies.
Pollinator-Friendly Parks
Pollinator-Friendly Parks. How to Enhance Parks, Gardens, and other Greenspaces for Native Pollinator Insects By Matthew Shepherd, Mace Vaughan, and Scott Hoffman Black In an increasingly urbanized nation, parks and greenspaces make a significant contribution to the vitality of local communities, including by offering a healthy environment. At the core of a healthy environment are Read more …
Making Room for Native Pollinators
How to Create Habitat for Pollinator Insects on Golf Courses By Matthew Shepherd On golf courses across the country wildflowers bloom, birds nest, mammals feed, lizards bask, bats roost, and butterflies sip nectar. Given this diversity of wildlife, it is not surprising that golf courses are increasingly recognized for wildlife. As our landscapes change under Read more …
Guidelines: Making More Room
Making More Room. A Companion to Making Room for Native Pollinators: Oregon's Butterflies, Local Plants, and Extra Resources By Matthew Shepherd, Mace Vaughan, and Scott Hoffman Black In an increasingly urbanized nation, golf courses give a welcome break from the hard surfaces of towns and cities. Golf courses are of growing importance in many communities, Read more …
Attracting Native Pollinators
Xerces' most recent book, Attracting Native Pollinators: Protecting North America's Bees and Butterflies, is available to purchase from our website. The book is published in 2011 by Storey Publishing, North Adams, Massachusetts. Attracting Native Pollinators is coauthored by four Xerces Society staff members Eric Mader, Matthew Shepherd, Mace Vaughan, and Scott Black in collaboration with Gretchen LeBuhn, San Francisco State University. Read more.


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<< back to Teachings with title 'Four establishments'
Location: Community Congregational Church in Tiburon
In topic: Sutras and Commentaries
Four Establishments of Mindfulness - Talk 3By Zoketsu Norman Fischer | May 21, 2014
Location: Community Congregational Church in Tiburon
In topic: Sutras and Commentaries
Norman gives the third talk on the Four Establishments of Mindfulness based on Thich Nhat Hanh's book "Transformation & Healing" on the Satipatthana Sutra
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It's Not Exploitation If You Chose To Take Part
from the repeat-after-me deptWell, the buzz of the weekend seems to be around a New York Times op-ed by musician Billy Bragg upset about the sale of Bebo to AOL earlier this month. Bragg's complaint is an old one that we've heard before: Because musicians chose to put their music on Bebo and that helped attract users, don't they deserve some of the $850 million that Bebo got from AOL. Not surprisingly, Nick Carr, who has been pushing this obviously false notion that "user-generated content" is exploitation, comes to Bragg's defense with his usual technique: sound smart, make some interesting points, and then wrap it up with a conclusion that is in absolutely no way supported by the facts.
Let's break this down. The first complaint is that somehow Bebo was "using" this music for "free." This is false. There was a fair trade in an open marketplace that made this happen. Bebo offered musicians a chance to promote themselves (for free) to its community. Musicians accepted this offer, and in exchange, provided their music for free. No one was forced into it. No one was compelled to do it. If either party felt the other was unfair they could choose not to engage in the trade -- and they could also vocally complain. In fact, Bragg did just that when he felt MySpace's terms were unfair, and they changed them. So by choosing to accept Bebo's terms, clearly they were perfectly acceptable. It was a fair trade.
Bragg goes on to assert: "The musicians who posted their work on Bebo.com are no different from investors in a start-up enterprise. Their investment is the content provided for free while the site has no liquid assets. Now that the business has reaped huge benefits, surely they deserve a dividend." Actually, they're very different from investors. Investors made a very different trade. They traded money for equity. Again, it was the fair and open market that allowed that. If Bragg had wanted to trade music for equity, he should have discussed it before... not after. You can be sure that any investors in Bebo didn't ask to change the terms of the deal after the buyout went through.
Complaining after the fact about what happened is like selling a bunch of wood to a builder for a few thousand dollars, and then complaining when he turns that into a million dollar house. Was the wood seller exploited? No. He made the fair trade, and the builder was then free to do what he wanted.
Nick Carr's response to all of this is especially wrong. He writes: "When challenged in this way, the plantation owners counter that they are doing musicians a favor by providing them with a place to promote their work." That is incorrect in so many ways it would take another whole post to get through them all. But let's take the simple point: no one is saying they are doing musicians "a favor." They are saying that there's a fair trade. You give music, we give promotion. No favors at all.
Carr and Bragg go on to use radio as an example, noting that it pays royalties, so why shouldn't social networking sites. This is incorrect for a variety of reasons. First, in the US at least, radios do not pay musicians royalties. This was a decision made by the government that since musicians benefit from airplay, no royalties are needed for the musicians (other royalties are paid for composers and publishers). However, much more to the point was that for most of the history of popular music, those royalties have been meaningless -- as record labels went through all sorts of contortions to have the money go in the other direction. What's sometimes called "payola" has gone on for years, with the record labels effectively bribing radio stations to get music on the air -- recognizing that the promotional value greatly outweighed the royalties coming in.
In other words, a free market will let the benefits to both sides balance out. If payment needs to even up one side, then the market will determine that. But, many musicians made a fair trade decision to take up the offer that Bebo made. It's their own fault if they feel they got the short end of the stick, but they clearly were happy to go along with the deal originally. Buyer's remorse and sour grapes are no excuse. If anything, this sounds quite similar to Doug Morris' ridiculous belief that no one else can make money.
To understand this most simply, it goes back to the psychological explanation we discussed earlier this year, where relevancies matter. People dislike seeing someone else made much better off, even if they are better off themselves. These musicians felt they were better off by using Bebo, but they're now upset that Bebo's founders are relatively better off than they are at the end of the deal. It's a weird world when someone would prefer to be worse off, rather than seeing someone else be even better off. In the meantime, if you'd like to read an ongoing debate between Billy Bragg, myself, Tim Lee and Joe Weisenthal, check out the post on Joe's blog where we all discuss this in the comments.
Filed Under: billy bragg, copyright, music, nicholas carr, royalties, social networks
Companies: bebo


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Test your Internet connection speed and ping, whenever you want. Once Speedtest4free is installed you can save + compare all your tests results. Speedtest4free is a very handy tool to help you troubleshoot your Internet connection speed and ping.
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Rather Than Fix The CFAA, House Judiciary Committee Planning To Make It Worse... Way Worse
from the are-they-just-fucking-with-us? deptSo, you know all that talk about things like Aaron's Law and how Congress needs to fix the CFAA? Apparently, the House Judiciary Committee has decided to raise a giant middle finger to folks who are concerned about abuses of the CFAA. Over the weekend, they began circulating a "draft" of a "cyber-security" bill that is so bad that it almost feels like the Judiciary Committee is doing it on purpose as a dig at online activists who have fought back against things like SOPA, CISPA and the CFAA. Rather than fix the CFAA, it expands it. Rather than rein in the worst parts of the bill, it makes them worse. And, from what we've heard, the goal is to try to push this through quickly, with a big effort underway for a "cyberweek" in the middle of April that will force through a bunch of related bills. You can see the draft of the bill here (or embedded below. Let's go through some of the pieces.
Adds computer crimes as a form of racketeering
The bill adds to the current definition of "racketeering activity" so that it would now link back to the CFAA, such that if you are found to violate the CFAA as part of an activity that involves a variety of other crimes, you can now also be charged with racketeering. More specifically, if you look at that long list of related statutes in the definition to 18 USC 1961 (1), it will also include: "'section 1030 (relating to fraud and related activity in connection with computers)." Basically, this just gives the DOJ yet another tool to use against "computer criminals" when they want to bring the hammer down on someone they don't like. Not only could you be charged with computer fraud, but now racketeering as well. Because, you know, all you hackers are just like the Mob.
Expanding the ways in which you could be guilty of the CFAA -- including making you just as guilty if you plan to "violate" the CFAA than if you actually did so
Section 103 of the proposed bill makes a bunch of "changes" to the CFAA, almost all of which expand the CFAA, rather than limit it. For example, they make a small change to subsection (b) in 18 USC 1030 (the CFAA) such that it will now read:
Whoever conspires to commit or attempts to commit an offense under subsection (a) of this section shall be punished as provided for the completed offense in subsection (c) of this section.All they did was add the "for the completed offense," to that sentence. That may seem like a minor change at first, but it would now mean that they can claim that anyone who talked about doing something ("conspires to commit") that violates the CFAA shall now be punished the same as if they had "completed" the offense. And, considering just how broad the CFAA is, think about how ridiculous that might become. Now if you talk with others about the possibility of violating a terms of service -- say, talking to your 12 year old child about helping them sign up for Facebook even though the site requires you to be 13 -- you may have already committed a felony that can get you years in jail. That seems fair, right?
Ratchets up many of the punishments
They change around a bunch of the "penalties" that you can get for various CFAA infractions, shaking up a variety of things and basically raising the maximum sentences available for certain infractions.
A very, very minor adjustment to limit "exceeding authorized access."
While it's good to see them ever so slightly roll back the issue of "exceeding authorized access," it still seems broad enough that all sorts of activities that shouldn't be seen as criminal would easily get lumped in here by aggressive prosecutors.
Update: On second look, it turns out that this initial analysis was wrong. This part is worse too! More details here, but basically all those "and" statements are actually "or" which actually push back on how the courts have interpreted the CFAA... and make it worse
And... at the same time, they do something else to make "exceeding unauthorized access" worse. Which brings us to:
Expanding the definition of "exceeding authorized access" in a very dangerous way
That's because the new bill says that you can exceed authorized access: "even if the accesser may be entitled to obtain or alter the same information in the computer for other purposes." Yes, read that again. Even if you are allowed to obtain info via your authorization on your computer, they're now saying that if you use that information in a way that runs afoul of the info above, you can be found to have exceeded authorized access.
Make it easier for the federal government to seize and forfeit anything
We've seen how federal seizure and forfeiture laws are frequently abused to seize goods, which the government claims are used in the commission of a crime (even if they never charge anyone for the crime). And we've seen, with cases like the Dajaz1 case, how the government will use such tools to take and censor websites on no actual basis. And now the CFAA will make it even easier for the government to do such things. It amends the existing sections to basically expand what can be forfeited, because it's not like the government hasn't abused that one before...
The rest of the bill deals with two other things: first a section on "cybersecurity" which includes punishment for those damaging "critical infrastructure" computers, another section that tells the courts to figure out how secure their computers are, and finally a part that creates a "National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force," to be led by the FBI, because they're an unbiased party.
The final part of the bill relates to "breach notifications." A number of states already have various laws in place that require companies and websites that have data breaches to inform impacted users. This creates a federal law that supersedes those state laws. You can read the details, but basically companies will have to let people (and other companies) know of such breaches within a short period of time -- unless there are law enforcement or national security reasons to delay such notification. It also requires companies to tell the FBI or Secret Service of certain kinds of breaches. If companies don't do this, they can be fined between $500,000 and $1 million -- but only by the DOJ (i.e., individuals or companies can't go after organizations for screwing this up).
Those last two sections are really somewhat unrelated to the rest of the CFAA parts. But the CFAA parts are troubling. Rather than fixing the law, they're expanding it so that computer "crimes" can be hit with racketeering charges, and expanding the general language and punishments for part of the bill. This is not a good thing. The fact that this is being passed around by the House Judiciary Committee suggests that it's likely to be backed by HJC chair Bob Goodlatte, which is unfortunate. You would have hoped that Goodlatte and others on the HJC would recognize that now is the time to fix the CFAA, not to make it worse.
Filed Under: bob goodlatte, cfaa, cybersecurity, data breach, house judiciary committee, punishment, racketeering


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"This wines was incredibly tannic and backward from cask, but out of bottle it has shrugged off the excess tannin and seems to be developing far better than I thought it would. The color is dense/rub purple, and the wine shows notes of sweet kirsch and blackberry liqueur, with a liquid minerality and a hint of violets. The wine is full-bodied, quite tannic, very dense and backward, but gorgeously concentrated, pure, and intense. This looks to be a classic Lafleur, meant for significant long-term ageing. Anticipated maturity 2015-2040+."94/100 - Robert Parker, December 2003
Contains Sulphites.
If Le Pin caresses your heart and Ausone is a wine that gently stimulates every nerve in the body, Château Lafleur is THE wine that engages the mind. The term "intellectual" is often attached to this unique Pomerol property, not because it is overly highbrow, but because it is a wine that is so thought provoking. Deep, meaningful, and cerebral, softly spoken yet intense, it stands alone amongst the great names of the right bank. Usually produced from about 55% Cabernet Franc and the balance Merlot, and only ever given a maximum one third new oak, the miniscule 1000 cases production is the stuff of collectors and connoisseurs' dreams. It is a wine of enormous depth and intensity fashioned from some of Pomerol's most exceptional and unique terroir. The chateau has been in the same family since its inception in 1872 – Baptiste is the great great great grandson of Henri Greloud, its founder. Jacques and Sylvie and their three children have been the exclusive owners since 2001, although they had previously been leasing the vineyards following the death of Therese Robin in 1984. Since their arrival there has been an even more quality focussed approach to all aspects of viticulture and vinification. Few winemakers can speak about their terroir with such knowledge. After the first full geological survey in 1999, Jacques decided to change Pensees de Lafleur from a traditional 'second wine' into a separate Cru. It was this understanding of their vineyard and particularly the geological fault that runs diagonally through vineyard that is missing much of the gravel content that makes Lafleur so unique. These clay dominated soils are better suited to Merlot and fashion a more 'traditional' style of Pomerol. There have been many exceptional wines made throughout the last century, however, it is really only recently that the Guinaudeaus have received the plaudits they so richly deserve. The team is aided by Jean Claude Berrouet, the former winemaker at Petrus. They only utilise natural fertilizers, yields are low and they practice a less-is-more attitude when it comes to vinifications; they let their terroir speak through, and the results are simply astonishing.
Pomerol's Merlot-dominated wines at their best are rich, seductive and silky. For hundreds of years Pomerol was considered as nothing but a satellite district of neighbouring St-Émilion to the east, and it was not really until not until the 1950s that Pomerol started its meteoric rise led by Château Petrus. By far the most dominant merchants in the region are Jean-Pierre Moueix who own or distribute the majority of the finest properties in Pomerol, the most renowned being Petrus.Pomerol's finest wines originate from the highest parts of the plateau, which is predominantly gravel and clay, with an iron rich subsoil called crasse de fer.Apparently as important in fashioning wines that are plump, voluptuous, and richly Merlot dominates plantings dramatically, though the notable exception is Vieux Château Certan, nearly half of their estate is devoted Cabernet Franc. Pomerol has no no official classification, but its small scale wines fetch some of the greatest prices for wine in the world. The regions greatest names are Pétrus, Lafleur, Certan de May, Hosanna, La Fleur de Gay, L'Église-Clinet, Le Pin, La Conseillante, Trotanoy, , L'Évangile, Latour-à-Pomerol, and Vieux-Ch-Certan
Cabernet Franc with its unique herb infused red berry fragrance, on the cooler, clay soils of the Right Bank of Bordeaux adds backbone to many of the Merlot-dominated St Emilions and Pomerols. It's acidity and complexity play the perfect foil to Merlot's sweet, supple juicy flavours. There are a small number of outstanding Cabernet Franc-based blends on the right bank, the most sought after being Cheval Blanc, Le Dôme, Angelus and Vieux Château Certan.
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