text:
It was one of the most important conflicts in human history, but for all its impact the Great War remains an almost non-event in video game circles.
The war, which raged across Europe and the Middle East between 1914-1918, is often assumed to be under-represented in games due to the nature of the conflict. Who'd want to play as a soldier who sleeps in mud for weeks, climbs out of a trench and 30 seconds later is gunned down by machine gun fire?
Well... I would. So Gallica's The Trench looks great.
An ambitious first-person game that blends siege strategy with shooting action (and even stealth mechanics), you begin as a French soldier three days before a German assault. You have that time to get your defences up to snuff before the attack begins. Conversely, you can play as the Germans and plan the attack.
While it looks a bit rough, and the project has been quiet since February, the developers promise that an Alpha release of the game is "coming".
The Trench [Official Site, via IndieGames]


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Unless otherwise noted, information contained in each edition of the Kansas School Naturalist reflects the knowledge of the subject as of the original date of publication.
Volume 45, Number 4 - July 1999
Carpenter Ants
by John H. Klotz, Laurel D. Hansen,
Byron L. Reid and Stephen A. Klotz
Published by EMPORIA STATE UNIVERSITY
Prepared and Issued by THE DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Editor: JOHN RICHARD SCHROCK
Editorial Committee: DAVID EDDS, TOM EDDY, GAYLEN NEUFELD
Editors Emeritus: ROBERT BOLES, ROBERT F. CLARK
Circulation and Mailing: ROGER FERGUSON
Circulation (this issue): 9,200
Press Run: 15,000
Compilation: John Decker
Printed by: ESU Press
Online edition by: TERRI WEAST
The Kansas School Naturalist is sent free of charge and upon request to teachers, school administrators, public and school librarians, youth leaders, conservationists, and others interested in natural history and nature education. In-print back issues are sent free as long as supply lasts. Out-of-print back issues are sent for one dollar photocopy and postage/handling charge per issue. A back issue list is sent free upon request. The Kansas School Naturalist is sent free by third class mail to all U.S. zipcodes, first class to Mexico and Canada, and surface mail overseas. Overseas subscribers who wish to receive it by airmail should remit US $5.00 per year (four issues) airmail and handling. The Kansas School Naturalist is published by Emporia State University. Editor: John Richard Schrock, Division of Biological Sciences.
Third class postage paid at Emporia, Kansas. Address all correspondence to Kansas School Naturalist, Division of Biological Sciences, Box 4050, Emporia State University, Emporia, KS 66801-5087. Opinions and perspectives expressed are those of the author(s) and/or editor and do not reflect the official position or endorsement of ESU.
Publication and distribution of this issue was made possible by a grant from the Central States Entomological Society, and from readers like you.
Kansas School Naturalist is indexed in Wildlife Review/Fisheries Review. Both this "Carpenter Ants" and "Springtail" issues are available in Spanish and the "Tardigrade" issue is available in Chinese [photocopied] for $1 each. The text of this issue and of other KSNs is available at http://www.emporia.edu/ksn/.
Cover Photo: A mature colony of carpenter ants has thousands of workers, all infertile sisters.
John H. Klotzis an assistant professor of entomology in the Department of Entomology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521. Laurel D. Hansen teaches at Spokane Falls Community College, Spokane, WA 99224 and co-authored the Kansas School Naturalist on "Collection and Maintenance of Ants" Vol. 41, No. 1. Byron L. Reid is an entomologist and lives at 5311 Oakview, Shawnee, KS 66216.
Stephen A. Klotz provided all artwork and is Chief, Section of Infectious Diseases, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64218.
by John H. Klotz, Laurel D. Hansen, Byron L. Reid and Stephen A. Klotz
Carpenter ants are some of the most fascinating of all ants. Entomologists have studied many aspects of their life and discovered important relationships which carpenter ants have with other living organisms including humans. The primary role carpenter ants play in our North American forest ecosystems is only beginning to be appreciated.
Carpenter ants belong to the large genus of ants, Camponotus, which is distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate regions. The common name, carpenter ant, is derived from the preference of some of the more notable Camponotus species to excavate nests in wood. However, most species of Camponotus are not "carpenters" at all, preferring to nest under rocks, in the soil, or in living or dead non-woody plants.
Figure 1. Economically important species of carpenter ants and their North American geographic distribution.
The first North American ant ever to be described scientifically was the black carpenter ant. In 1773, Baron Carl DeGeer, a student of the great Swedish botanist Linnaeus, described Formica pennsylvanica, now known as Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer). This ant is common in the eastern half of the United States (Figure 1), and though large and conspicuous, it goes unnoticed because of its nocturnal lifestyle. Nocturnal living likely arose in response to competition from other ants and predation by birds. Birds, except for owls, are active in daytime.
Figure 2. Camponotus modoc starts the recycling process in a forest in Washington. This dead tree is being cored out by a colony of carpenter ants.
Although carpenter ants are common insects in woodland habitats and often go unnoticed, their activities have far-reaching effects on forest communities and humans. Their social behaviors, such as group foraging and food sharing, support large colonies which by virtue of the queen ant's longevity, make them permanent residents of forests. Among the many species of ants, the carpenter ants stand out in forest ecosystems as the dominant insect. Their predation on other insects affects the population dynamics and distribution of the species they prey upon, and their nesting habits initiate the degradation process of tree cellulose (Figure 2) to a form usable by other plants and animals. Thus, in the ecological web of forest life, carpenter ants play a critical role in the biological control of forests insects and the recycling of organic and inorganic nutrients.
A winged ant begins the life cycle. Carpenter ant colonies are formed after reproductive adults (winged virgin queens and winged males) emerge from their nest of origin for mating flights, usually during the first warm days of spring. After mating, the male dies. Each inseminated queen selects a nesting site, often in a small cavity in a stump or long, or perhaps under bark in a standing tree. She then breaks off her wings and within a few days lays her first eggs. In two to three weeks, the eggs hatch into larvae that are fed by the queen, who mobilizes food stored in the flight muscles of her thorax and in the fat bodies of her abdomen. The queen does not leave the nest to hunt for food during this time. Instead, she remains to protect, feed, and raise the brood (Figure 3). At the end of the larval developmental period, the larvae pupate and emerge as minor workers, numbering some 10 to 25 individuals. Workers, which are all female, assume the functions of foraging, nest excavating, and brood rearing. In two years, a population of workers ranging in size from small minors (6 mm) to large majors (13 mm) will be present. The size of a worker is not genetically determined; rather it is dependent on environmental factors such as larval nutrition. Winged adults (reproductives) are produced in six to 10 year-old colonies when populations exceed 2000 workers. Mature, or parent colonies, establish satellite colonies nearby whenever there is a need for more territory, resources, or a drier, warmer nesting site for development of their larvae and pupae. The queen, workers, and small larvae are always present in the parent colony whereas the satellite colonies contain workers, larger larvae, and pupae. Except during winter diapause, workers travel between various satellites of the colony that are connected by well-defined trails (discussed later).
Figure 3. A newly mated queen carpenter ant with her first brood.
Populations of ant colonies can reach tremendous numbers. For example, over 50,000 workers have been found in colonies of Camponotus modoc (cover), a western carpenter ant. This is a relatively small social group in comparison with another carpenter ant found in the West, Camponotus vicinus, whose colonies may number over 100,000 workers. Part of the explanation for the vast difference in populations of colonies is the presence of multiple queens, a condition called polygyny, that is common in C. vicinus colonies. As many as 41 functional queens have been collected in a single C. vicinus colony. Most species of carpenter ants are monogynous (possessing only one queen) and as a consequence, the colonies are smaller and require years to reach maturity.
Existing in an area with several different colonies and avoiding aggressive encounters requires carpenter ants to be familiar with their home range. Since they are primarily nocturnal, they rely heavily on physical cues and chemical trails for orientation to and from the nest. Well-maintained physical trails and trunk lines of carpenter ants serve as roadways through vegetation and debris (Figure 4). These trails are reminiscent of the wide, cleared trails of leaf-cutting ants, common to Central and South America. In extreme northern latitudes, carpenter ant trails will often go underground following natural hollows, such as those left by decaying tree roots in the soil. These tunnels are usually 1.5 to 3.0 centimeters in diameter and may be as deep as one meter below the earth's surface.
Figure 4. Carpenter ants maintain large trunk lines. One trunk line is shown below in a grassed area.
Chemical trails consist of hydrocarbons produced in the hindgut of the ant and deposited on the trail surface. These hydrocarbons are pheromones and are deposited by the ant when the tip of her abdomen is dragged on the substrate for short distances as she moves along the trail. Pheromones are odorous compounds produced by the ant to convey information. In the case of trail pheromones, the compounds guide ants to locations outside of the nest. Heavy deposits build up over time on heavily traveled trails forming "trunk trails" or main transportation arteries guiding foragers to resources. Resources include aphid colonies where ants collect honeydew, a favored food rich in sugars and sought by many different ant species.
Trail pheromones also recruit nestmates to newly discovered food resources. Based on the relatively large size of the carpenter ant's olfactory lobes located in the brain, the sense of smell is clearly important. Smell serves the ants well in their nighttime activities. However, the individual forager eventually must leave the trunk trail to search for resources using both touch and sight, and to accommodate this, other orientation cues are used.
Figure 5. Carpenter ants forage at night on a oak tree using a "moon compass" for orientation.
"Structural guideline orientation" is one such important cue for foraging carpenter ants. Unlike the chemicals in odor tails, structural guidelines are tactile stimuli in the form of edges, grooves, or crestlines provided by tree bark, vines, branches, or roots on the forest floor. Carpenter ants follow elaborate detours along branches or sidewalks rather than go in straight lines. An ant's movement is more efficient on smooth, uncluttered guidelines compared to movement along trails on the ground where turf and surface features impose numerous obstacles to the ant's passage. The benefit of these structural detours is the shortening of overall trip time. Structural guidelines are the lowest level of cue found in investigations of carpenter ants' orientation system. If placed in total darkness, ants are unable to negotiate shortcuts by using visual cues and resort to tactile orientation along structural guidelines. If total darkness is momentarily interrupted by an overhead view of the forest canopy or another visual cue, ants switch to another orientation method called landmark orientation. Landmarks include any visually conspicuous object such as a tree or shrub. Landmarks are memorized in detail and guide ants to and from the nest.
Figure 6. How carpenter ants orient in their environment. Left side: moon compass orientation as well as landmarks may be used. Right side: sun compass orientation and edges, such as the house or telephone line going into the house may be used. Pheromone hydrocarbons may be used as well, especially on well-traveled roadways as shown by the path.
Canopy orientation is one type of landmark orientation that carpenter ants use in temperate forests and under low light conditions of the night sky. Since carpenter ants nest within trees, the use of leaf canopy landmarks as cues may be an adaptation to increase the likelihood of ants returning to the nest tree after foraging.
Carpenter ants show a strong response to light at night. This suggests that the moon is also used by carpenter ants as a directional cue (Figure 6). Felix Santschi, a French entomologist, demonstrated sun compass orientation in desert ants in Africa in 1911. He reversed the direction of the sun using mirrors and showed clearly that desert ants do orient by means of the sun. A similar mirror experiment on moonlit nights gives similar results with carpenter ants. Foraging carpenter ants reverse their direction in response to a change in the apparent position of the moon caused by the introduction of mirrors.
Within the assemblage of orientation cues for carpenter ants, there is a built-in redundancy. Foraging ants actually rely on more than one orientation cue; for instance, a forager uses an odor trail as well as a light source to orient. As a consequence, the ants possess back-up cues with which they can orient in the absence of any one particular cue. This arrangement provides carpenter ants with the ability to forage in the woodlands in daylight and total darkness (Figure 7).
Figure 7. Aphid colonies are tended by carpenter ants for honeydew.
The redundancy in orientation cues is fortuitous as it allows foraging under most environmental conditions. To feed a colony of over 100,000 ants is a formidable task. From large, centrally located nests, foraging ants will fan out along trails leading to various destinations within the forest habitat. Carpenter ants are voracious predators of arthropods, such as flies, caterpillars, beetles, harvestmen (daddy long-legs), and spiders. Carpenter ants also collect honeydew from aphids and can often be observed tending them (Figure 7). Aphids are small plant-sucking, soft-bodied true bugs which excrete copious quantities of honeydew, which is rich in sugars. Many species of ants are attracted to aphid-infested trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. Husbandry of aphids by ants is usually viewed as detrimental to the host plants because the aphid population usually grows under the ants' protection and aphids damage plant tissue. On the other hand, aphid husbandry maybe beneficial since the ants kill many plant eating insects that destroy the host plants.
The black carpenter ant has a distinct cycle of food preferences. During the spring and early summer, when brood production is high, the ants have a strong preference for proteins, which are fed to the developing larvae. For example, freshly diced mealworms are mobbed by workers from May through July but are less attractive when offered in August or September. Conversely, carpenter ants recruit slowly to simple sugar or honey baits in the spring, but any carbohydrate source is rapidly depleted from July through the end of colony activity at the time of approaching winter. Carbohydrates are used as an energy source by adults throughout the year, but the mass provisioning in the fall, before the onset of diapause, may contribute to overwintering survival.
Foraging theory suggests that animals conserve energy during foraging. One prediction of foraging theory is that, as the distance between the nest and a food source increases, foragers will become more selective in their diet. In economic terms, the ants must maximize caloric "revenue" to compensate for their increased "expenditures" incurred by foraging at greater distances from the nest. If given a choice of different concentrations of sucrose sugar on a feeding station, a colony of Camponotus pennsylvanicus will preferentially gather the higher concentration as the distance traveled to the feeding station increases. Therefore, carpenter ants follow in practice the foraging theory of maximizing energy gains through selectively feeding among different resources.
Figure 8. Carpenter ants on occasion go to war over disputed territory. Here two colonies form a battle line on a fallen log.
Carpenter ants are fiercely territorial and battle with unrelated members of their own species and with other ants. The causes of these territorial wars are unknown. We have witnessed a number of such conflicts between neighboring colonies of carpenter ants. One large-scale conflict of carpenter ants occurred in a dense pine forest in Idaho. A battle line 90 meters long was drawn between two neighboring colonies of Camponotus modoc, and fighting occurred on the ground and stumps. Part of the battle line included along 20 meters long lying on the ground upon which combatants were exposed on the crest of the log. The war was waged for two entire days and nights (Figure 8).
Another notable battle was observed in a hardwood forest in Indiana between two colonies of Camponotus pennsylvanicus. Upon cessation of combat, thousands of dead ants lay at the base of a tree in which one carpenter ant colony was nesting. This colony was attacked by migrating colony in search of a new nesting location. The previous night's carnage was frozen in time, fallen soldiers locked in combat with their foes. Ants were disfigured, dismembered, decapitated, often disarticulated, and mandibles still gripped the legs of dead adversaries. Mortally wounded survivors could be seen moving about with abdomens severed or missing.
Ant battles are momentous and clearly exceptional behavior. Under normal conditions, carpenter ant colonies live side by side, coexisting even at high densities. For example, in a one acre plot in Indiana, six unrelated colonies with their satellites nested in 22 trees. These trees, and the nest sites and foraging resources they represented, were perfectly partitioned among these colonies. In Florida, a one acre tract of sandhill harbored 20 nests representing nine coexisting unrelated colonies and 11 satellite colonies.
To determine the relatedness and territory size of colonies, one relies on the aggressive behavior of carpenter ant workers toward non-nestmates. Aggression between non-nestmate workers ranges from mild encounters where the ants fence with their mandibles (back cover) to intense interactions where prolonged combat and death result. In order to test colony relatedness, worker ants from one tree are paired in a plastic tube with workers from a different tree (Figure 9). If here is no aggression between the ants, they are most certainly colony nestmates. If there is mild or intense aggression, the ants are non-nestmates from different unrelated colonies. These interactions between ants from different trees or nests can be used to draw accurate maps of the individual colony distributions, including satellite colonies.
Figure 9. An aggressive encounter between two carpenter ants from different colonies.
By working after sunset (nocturnal), carpenter ants are able to share resources with competing species of ants that work during the day (diurnal). For example, in Kansas the black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, and a species of black field ant, Formica subsericea, live together in woodland habitats and forage for similar foods. During the daytime, the field ant collects aphid "honeydew" in the same trees which are used later in the evening by carpenter ants for the same purpose. Since carpenter ants are primarily nocturnal, and the field ant is diurnal, a clear division of daily rhythms occurs. Moreover, for unknown reasons, carpenter ants are able to sustain a higher traveling velocity than the field ant as temperatures drop, another adaptation to a nocturnal existence.
An additional advantage carpenter ants gain from a nocturnal existence is avoiding predators that rely on sight for spotting their prey. The few carpenter ant workers foraging during the day make large, conspicuous prey for birds such as robins, grackles, and starlings. Experimental set-ups placed in the field to study the ants must be designed to prevent birds from feeding on the exposed carpenter ants.
Foraging carpenter ants are a dominant force and vital link in the forest food web. The impact of carpenter ants on a forest ecosystem is immense. They play a key role by serving as the premier natural biocontrol agents of such forest defoliators as tent caterpillars and spruce budworms. However, since most species of carpenter ants are nocturnal, studies of predation are difficult to conduct and are therefore few in number.
Carpenter ants can also be considered an indicator species of the health of a forest. For example, pileated woodpeckers, Hylatomus pileatus, are rarely or never seen in forests without Camponotus modoc. This carpenter ant selects nest sites in decaying stumps and current monoculture techniques in our large forests do not allow for a variety of habitats such as decaying stumps. Thus, pileated woodpeckers are not seen in such managed forests. In the western United States, the pileated woodpecker, a crow-sized bird, will not survive the winter without access to trees, snags, or tree stumps containing colonies of the carpenter ant since carpenter ants constitute the bulk of the winter diet of these large woodpeckers (Figure 10).
|Figure 10. The pileated woodpecker depends upon the presence of carpenter ants as a protein source. These pileated woodpecker chicks await the arrival of one of their parents.
|Figure 11. Many species of passerine or perching birds occasionally "ant," often after new feather growth. Here is shown a bluejay (Cyanocitta cristata) engaging in passive anting with carpenter ants. Even poultry, such as the peafowl may engage in anting. In active anting, the birds place ants in their feathers with their beaks.
On the other hand many species of birds undergo "anting," a process where ants (including carpenter ants) are used for their excretions in the bird's act of preening. The purpose of this behavior is unknown but some scientists speculate that it may serve an anti-ectoparasitic or antibiotic function (Figure 11).
What happens to the ants during the cold winter months? Parent colonies containing the queen, workers, winged reproductives, and larvae overwinter in a metabolic state termed diapause. In temperate regions, diapause is a period of dormancy during which the ants are in a state of "suspended animation." The encasing wood of the colony's residence provides the overwintering colony with insulation from cold temperatures. Carpenter ants also produce glycerol, a compound which acts as an antifreeze preventing destructive ice crystals from forming in their bodies.
In temperate regions, colonies break diapause from January to June (depending upon the latitude, elevation, and habitat), and the queen begins her first egg-laying period of the season, lasting for 7–10 days. The voracious appetites of the developing larvae trigger increased foraging activity. The most intense foraging of the season occurs when the workers are driven by increasing food requirement so the rapidly developing larvae. A second peak of activity occurs in June when the queen again lays eggs for a period of 7–10 days. The foraging activity period in the second peak is shorter and less intense, and the colony enters into diapause in September or October along with the late summer brood, which overwinters as larvae and completes development in February. Colonies are perennial and may exist for more than 20 years.
Species of Camponotus that live in forest environments and serve as important ecological components are also recognized as structural or nuisance pests in human habitations (Figure 12).
As is the case with many organisms, human activities have greatly influenced the distribution and abundance of carpenter ants. In the northern United States and the provinces of Canada, carpenter ants cause millions of dollars of damage to structures and to standing trees used for lumber. For instance, a minimum of 50,000 houses are treated each year by professional exterminators in the state of Washington for carpenter ants, and many more are treated by homeowners themselves. One example from Washington will illustrate the damage that can be done by Camponotus modoc. When an older home was being remodeled, the inner wallboards were completely removed. Most of the wall studs along a 20-foot wall were tunneled by carpenter ants. The most seriously damaged wood was so extensively tunneled that an 8-foot-long two-by-four weighed less than two pounds. This tunneling also extended into the attic joists so that the owner fell with one leg through the ceiling while he was showing the damage. A home near Grand Rapids, Minnesota, had sawdust piles to ten inches in height from carpenter ant excavations in the basement and attic.
All across suburban America, it is a common practice to build houses on forested lots without removing the trees. Unfortunately, nearly all forested lots contain one or more carpenter ant colonies, and the newly constructed house is frequently invaded by satellite colonies even before construction is completed. Thus, homeowners are not dealing with colonies that grow from the progeny of a single queen, but their houses suffer from the damage of 5,000 to 50,000 workers in satellite colonies that move into the structure. Since these houses and other man-made structures have optimal temperature and moisture conditions for the rearing of brood, they are ideal satellite nesting sites.
Notwithstanding the potential destructiveness of carpenter ants, their household invasion is sometimes a blessing in disguise, at least from the point of view of the scientist. One of the authors took advantage of a carpenter ant infestation to study ant behavior. The colony, whose nest was outside in a tree, followed a telephone wire into the house, through an electrical switch plate and along the edge of a kitchen counter to a loosely capped jar of honey. In place of the honey, a mixture of sugar in milk and diced mealworms were offered to the foraging ants. After several days of feeding on this rich resource, the ant colony migrated into the house and located its new nest site in some moist wood next to a dripping pipe underneath the sink. It was in this makeshift laboratory setting that carpenters ants reveals some of their special adaptations which make them so successful not only in their natural surroundings but in our home environments as well.
|Figure 12. Destruction by carpenter ants in a crawl space of a house located in Spokane, Washington.
| Termites (above)
Straight Antennae
Wings of Equal Size
Thick Waist
Ants (below)
Wings of Unequal Size
Thin Waist
Overall the benefits from the "premier forest predator" far outweigh the harm caused when humans and the carpenter ant meet on common ground. Future studies will surely uncover further secrets of carpenter ants behavior and biology as well as better management techniques. Living together with carpenter ants will continue to challenge both scientists and homeowners.
Bull, E. L., R. C. Beckwith and R. S. Holthausen. 1992. Arthropod Diet of Pileated Woodpeckers in Northeastern Oregon. Northwest Naturalist 73:42–45.
Ehrlich, P.R., D. S. Dobkin and D. Wheye. 1986. The Adaptive Significance of Anting. Auk 103: 835.
Hansen, L. D. and R. D. Akre. 1990. Biology of Carpenter Ants. Pages 274–280 in R. Vander Meer, K. Jaffe and A. Cedeno [eds.], Applied Myrmecology: A World Perspective. Westview, Boulder, CO.
Holldobler, B. and E. O. Wilson. 1990. The Ants. Belknap, Cambridge, MA.
Holldobler, B. and E. O. Wilson. 1994. Journey to the Ants. Belknap, Cambridge, MA.
Klotz, J. H. and B. L. Reid. 1992. The Use of Spatial Cues for Structural Guidelines in Tapinoma sessile andCamponotus pennsylvanicus. Journal of Insect Behavior 5: 71–82.
Klotz, J. H. and B. L. Reid. 1993. Nocturnal Orientation in the Black Carpenter Ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociale 40: 95–106.
Back cover: Aggression between non-nestmate workers ranges from mild encounters where the ants fence with their mandibles (back cover) to intense interactions where prolonged combat and death result.
|The Kansas School Naturalist
|Department of Biology
|College of Liberal Arts & Sciences
|Send questions / comments to
Kansas School Naturalist.
|Emporia State University


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When the Davenport Hotel puts its name to something, you know it's an item of excellent quality. Such is the case with everything available at Davenport Home Store – the store that specializes in spreading the luxury of the Davenport Collection – from bedding, bath and apparel to sundries, stationery and furnishings. Also available are soothing bath products from L'Occitane and, of course, the celebrated Davenport mattress.
Patrons at Davenport Home Store travel the world in search of the finest linens, décor, jewelry and gifts for your home. Only the most beautiful pieces make the cut – ones you'd expect to find in the homes and wardrobes of some of the Davenport Hotel's most notable guests. Also nestled in Davenport Home Store is Davenport Confections – boasting hand-made, gourmet peanut brittle created in the historic Davenport Hotel kitchen using the finest ingredients and pulled on a marble slab – the old-fashioned way
Davenport Bed Mattress
When The Davenport Hotel Collection puts its name to something, you know it is an item of quality. The double pillow top mattress is custom made specifically for The Davenport Hotel. We rest our reputation on it.View Details
Davenport Soft Peanut Brittle
Enjoy our handmade traditional peanut brittle or rich chocolaty-peanut-buttery brittle available in different box sizes. If you want to taste both, mix and match flavors with our combo box.View Details


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"Practical, Tactical, Educational"
Doug Fields has been a pastor to teenagers and ministry leader for over 30 years. After graduating Vanguard University in 1984, he received his MDiv from Fuller Theological Seminary. He served at South Coast Community Church (now Mariners Church), in Newport Beach, CA for 11 years before he moved to be the youth and teaching pastor at Saddleback Church (Lake Forest, CA), where he was on staff for 18 years. Currently, he's leading the youth ministry, as a volunteer, at a start-up church in Southern CA.
Doug is the executive director at HomeWord's Center for Youth and Family at APU. He is also on the leadership team of Youth Specialties (YS)—a leading youth ministry resource provider since 1969. And, he blogs regularly at dougfields.com.
He the author of more than 50 books including: Speaking to Teenagers, Your First Two Years in Youth Ministry, What Matters Most, and the award winning Purpose Driven Youth Ministry which is in 20+ different languages and used as a textbook all over the world. Doug has trained leaders in almost every state and in several countries like Australia, Germany, Africa, Korea, Philippines and Brazil.
In addition to caring for youth workers, Doug also has a huge heart for teenagers. His Student Leadership Conference attracts over 1000 student leaders from all around the world.
Doug was the founder of Simply Youth Ministry (SYM), which is a resource company designed to help youth workers. In 2006 he merged it with Group Publishing to bring these two youth ministry resource providers into collaboration for wider, global impact. In June of 2011 he left SYM in very capable hands so he could join both HomeWord and YS.
Every week, Doug can be heard on his wildly popular youth ministry podcast (the Youth Ministry Garage) where he and some ministry veterans answer youth ministry related questions from around the world.
While he has a long history of youth ministry related activities, Doug would say his greatest accomplishment is marrying way out of his league to Cathy, his wife of 25 years, and having three children; Torie, Cody and Cassie. For more information about Doug Fields and his ministry, visit en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Fields.
Jim Burns is President of HomeWord and Executive Director of the HomeWord Center for Youth and Family @ Azusa Pacific University. Jim speaks to thousands of people around the world each year. He has over 1.5 million resources in print in over 25 languages. Jim's radio broadcast is heard on over 800 stations a day and heard around the world via podcast at HomeWord.com. Some of his recent books include:
Jim and his wife, Cathy and their three daughters Christy, Rebecca, and Heidi live in Southern California.
Dr. Walt Mueller is the founder and President of the Center for Parent/Youth Understanding, a non-profit organization serving schools, churches, and community organizations across the U.S, Canada, and worldwide in their efforts to strengthen families.
Walt has been working with young people and families for over 30 years. He is a recognized authority on youth culture and family issues, and has appeared on numerous media outlets internationally to discuss teenagers and their world. A regular seminar and conference speaker, he communicates effectively with adults and teenagers alike.
He has written extensively on youth culture and family issues and is the author of the following books:
The critically acclaimed Gold Medallion Award winner, Understanding Today's Youth Culture was updated and expanded and re-released in January 1999. He is a regular contributor to a variety of publications (both professional and popular) including Youthworker Journal, Current Thoughts and Trends, Living With Teenagers, Parents of Teenagers, GROUP, and Today's Father.
Walt Mueller's commentary and analysis on youth culture is heard daily on over 750 radio stations across the United States and Canada on CPYU's daily radio program, Youth Culture Today.
Walt Mueller earned his B.A. in Sociology from Geneva College (Beaver Falls, PA) and his M.Div. from Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary (South Hamilton, MA, Summa Cum Laude), and his doctorate in postmodern generations from Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary.
Walt and his wife Lisa live in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania and have four children; Caitlin, Joshua, Bethany and Nathaniel.
Megan is a wife, mom, minister, national speaker and author who is energetic and passionate (some use the word crazy)! She worked at Saddleback Church for eight years where she co-authored and ran an 8-step program called Life Hurts – God, now selling internationally! Other writings include; I Want to Talk to my Teen About Addictions and Secret Survivors. Their home church is The Bridge where she and her husband pastor students on a weekly basis. Together, their greatest pride and joy are their two young energetic boys. They love the beach, going motor homing and surfing.
Mark Devries is the founder of Youth Ministry Architects (2002) and Children's Ministry Architects (2010), a hands-on coaching service for churches whose ministries are in transition or who hope to move any of their ministries strategically forward.
Since 1986, Mark has served as the Associate Pastor for Youth and Their Families at First Presbyterian Church in Nashville, Tennessee, where he continues to oversee the youth ministry on a part-time basis.
Mark has trained youth workers across the United States and Canada, as well as in Russia, Uganda, South Africa, Ecuador, Trinidad, Nicaragua, and Northern Ireland, working with a wide variety of denominations. He has taught courses or been a guest lecturer at a number of colleges and seminaries, including Princeton Theological Seminary (Princeton, NJ), Vanderbilt Divinity School (Nashville, TN), David Lipscomb University (Nashville, TN), Travecca Nazarene College (Nashville, TN), King College (Bristol, TN), Montreat College (Montreat, NC), William Tyndale College (Detroit, MI), Presbyterian College (Montreal, Quebec), Reformed Theological Seminary (Charlotte, NC), Tyndale Theological Seminary (Toronto, Canada) and Calvin College (Grand Rapids, MI).
Mark is the author of a number of books, including Sustainable Youth Ministry (IVP), Family-Based Youth Ministry (IVP, Revised and Expanded, 2004) and 2011 releases, Before You Hire a Youth Pastor and The Indispensable Youth Pastor (Group Publishing), both co-authored with YMA Vice-President, Jeff Dunn-Rankin.
Mark's articles and reviews have been published in a variety of magazines and journals, including The Christian Century, Theology Today, Group, Youthworker Journal, Preaching,and Lifelong Faith Journal.
Mark served as the general editor for The True Love Waits Bible. In recent years, he and his wife Susan co-authored (with their good friends Robert and Bobbie Wolgemuth) a flip-book on marriage entitled, The Most Important Year in a Woman's Life/ The Most Important Year in a Man's Life, which was nominated for the Gold Medallion Award. Mark has also contributed to a number of training manuals and textbooks, including Youth Ministry Handbook (Word, 2000), Starting Right (Zondervan, 2001), and Reaching A Generation For Christ (Moody, 1997), The New Interpreter's Bible Handbook for Preaching (Abingdon, 2007) and Jesus-Centered Youth Ministry (Group, 2007). Mark's writings have now been translated into Korean, Chinese, and Afrikaans.
Mark graduated Summa Cum Laude from Baylor University in Waco, Texas with a B.A. in English and Greek in 1980, and from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1986 with a senior concentration in Youth Evangelism. Throughout his years spent in Waco and Princeton, Mark was involved in youth ministry–working with Young Life in both Waco and Montgomery, New Jersey and serving on the youth staff at the First United Methodist Church in Waco. Upon graduation from Princeton, he was awarded the first Robert Boyd Munger Youth Ministry prize.
Mark serves as the chairman of the board for the Center for Youth Ministry Training, a two-year residential, masters-level, youth ministry training program based in Nashville. He also serves on the Alumni Board for Princeton Theological Seminary. Mark is a presenter for Homeword's "Understanding Your Teenager" seminars. And in addition to partnering occasionally with popular Christian musician, Mark Schultz, Mark is a frequent seminar speaker, training youth leaders at both the Youth Specialties' National Youth Workers Convention and the Simply Youth Ministry Youth Ministry Conference.
Mark lives in Nashville with Susan, his wife of over 30 years, and they have three grown children: Adam and his wife, Sara, Debbie and her husband, Trey, and Leigh. Mark and Susan have two granddaughters, Parish and Nealie.
President of Youth Leader's Coach
Director of Oxygen Youth and Youth Adult Outreach
Acclaimed by Ministries Today as "America's Number One Youth Pastor," Jeanne Mayo has thrown her heart and passion into youth ministry for nearly four decades. Her ministry DNA is reflected in her life mission statement: "The motivation and mentorship of Kamikaze Christianity into practicing and potential Kingdom champions."
The years have seen incredible results. In Nebraska, she multiplied a group of a few dozen students into hundreds. Then in Illinois, she was met by a group of 30 students that grew to nearly 1,000 and a Christian school of 1,400. While in California, she had the privilege of developing a group of 90 students into over 500 in only one year's time. Currently, she and her husband are leading an incredible team in Atlanta where amazing growth is happening once again.
Jeanne's successful ministry has placed her in high demand as a youth ministry and youth leadership communicator. She has criss-crossed the U.S. and the globe, speaking in countless venues to teenagers, college students as well as their leaders. Now one of her greatest joys during these travels is to re-connect with some of her hundreds of spiritual sons and daughters in fulltime ministry all over the world.
In recent years, Jeanne founded Youth Leader's Coach, a non-profit organization that seeks, "To instruct, equip, inspire and encourage the youth pastors and youth leaders of this generation."
Through Youth Leader's Coach, Jeanne is now focusing on leaving a legacy through multiplying herself into the lives of countless youth pastors and youth leaders of this generation. She is a coach, mentor and "Big Sis" to youth leaders across the country. Jeanne is also pouring her heart into creating resources designed specifically for those impacting the lives of teenagers. She is a regular columnist for Group Magazine and Ministries Today. She authored the popular leadership book, Thriving Youth Groups as well as Uncensored; Dating, Friendship and Sex, and Uncensored: Finding God When He Feels Far Away. Her most recent release is titled Jeanneisms: Short Sentences That Echo With Loud Meaning. It includes Jeanne's favorite one-liners after 4 decades in ministry public speaking.
In response to Jeanne's achievements in youth and young adult ministry, Oral Roberts University awarded her a Doctorate of Divinity. She has been featured on the 700 Cub, Trinity Broadcasting Network, and many national radio stations and serves as a part of the Global Pastors' Network. Jeanne also sponsors, through Youth Leader's Coach, her National Youth Leaders' Conference. This widely acclaimed event has become one of the largest gatherings of its kind, drawing thousands of youth pastors and leaders in 2001, 2005 and 2009.
Jeanne found her way to the cross as a young teenage woman. After college, she married her "hero," Pastor Sam Mayo, who has been the Senior Pastor at most places she served. Jeanne considers her most cherished accolade, however, to be that she is the proud mom of two adult sons, Josh and Justin. Jeanne's favorite quote comes from missionary Jim Elliot which contains the words that motivate her to live out her life mission …
"He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain what he cannot lose."
Dr. Duffy Robbins, Professor of Youth Ministry at Eastern University, St Davids, PA is a 35 year veteran of youth ministry who is widely respected as one of the leading voices in youth and family ministry. But, his ministry goes well beyond that.
He's in constant demand as a speaker for teenagers and people who love teenagers (parents, youth workers, etc). But, his warm conversational style, coupled with a quick sense of humor and a unique ability to make Scripture come alive have made him a popular speaker as well for Bible Conferences, Parenting Seminars, Faculty Workshops, College chapels, Mens' Retreats and Family Camps and Conferences.
His ministry has given him platforms as diverse as Ocean Grove Camp-meeting Association (NJ), the Chautauqua Institute (NY), Forest Home Family Camp (CA), The Creation Festival (PA and WA), Covenant Harbor Conference Center (WI), Camp Berea "Man Camp" (NH), the Presidential Prayer Breakfast (DC), the Christian Camps and Conferences National Convention and literally hundreds of pulpits and college campuses around the world. His international ministry has ranged from youth conventions, Men's' retreats and training conferences in Australia, New Zealand, throughout Europe, parts of Asia and all over North America and the Caribbean. His long association with Youth Specialties has allowed him to touch the lives and ministries of thousands of youth workers and teenagers around the world.
Duffy graduated magna cum laude with a Master of Divinity from Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in South Hamilton, Massachusetts, and completed his Doctor of Ministry in Youth and Family Ministry at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, CA.
Duffy is the author of over fifteen books and hundreds of articles. His titles include:
Duffy lives in Valley Forge, PA with his wife and best friend, Maggie. They have two grown daughters, Erin and Katie.
Chap Clark (PhD, University of Denver) is the Vice Provost of Regional Campuses and professor of Youth, Family, and Culture at Fuller Theological Seminary. He is also the senior editor of YouthWorker Journal, a Sojourner contributing writer and "Red Letter Communicator," and president of ParenTeen™ and HURT Seminars. He is a speaker, trainer, consultant, as well as the author of 19 books, including:
Chap has served in many diverse settings over his career, in the church, parachurch, and industry. He was on the Young Life staff for 15 years as an Area and Regional Director, and for the past 20 while a seminary professor, Chap has served as an executive pastor, a senior pastor, and a consulting producer for a New Line television reality show. He is a highly acclaimed resource for community, adult, youth, and family conferences, as well as media, board, corporate and educational consulting and training.
Dee and Chap have been married for over thirty years, and have partnered together in ministry, as well as speaking and writing throughout their married life. They have three grown children: Chap, Jr. (29), Rob (26) and Katie (23). They make their home in Gig Harbor, WA.
Dr. Kara E. Powell is the Executive Director of the Fuller Youth Institute and a faculty member at Fuller Theological Seminary (see www.fulleryouthinstitute.org). Prior to that, Kara was an Assistant Professor of Youth Ministry and Practical Theology at Azusa Pacific University. She completed her PhD in Practical Theology from Fuller Seminary with a focus on Pastoral Role Expectations in 2000, an MDiv from Bethel Theological Seminary in 1994, and a BA in human biology, graduating with Honors from Stanford University in 1991.
In addition to her roles at Fuller Seminary, Kara currently volunteers in student ministries at Lake Avenue Church in Pasadena. She was also college pastor at Lake Avenue Church from 1995-1998 and was the Associate Youth Minister at San Diego First Assembly of God from 1991-1995. During college, Kara gained an ongoing commitment to church/parachurch partnerships during her time on Young Life Student Staff in the Stanford area.
Kara is the author of:
Kara is also a regular speaker at Youth Specialties National Youth Workers Conventions, the Simply Youth Ministry Conference, as well as retreats and conferences across the country.
Kara lives in Pasadena, CA, with her husband, Dave, who is a medical device engineer, and their children, Nathan, Krista, and Jessica.
Greg Stier is the founder and president of Dare 2 Share Ministries International. Since 1991, Greg has impacted the lives of tens of thousands of Christian teenagers through Dare 2 Share events. Greg combines amazing true-life stories and side-splitting humor to communicate sound Biblical truth in a way that not only inspires teenagers, but motivates them to action. He and his team are committed to mobilize teenagers to relationally and relentlessly reach this young generation for Christ. He is the author of eight books and numerous resources, including:
For more information about Dare 2 Share or Greg Stier, please visit www.dare2share.org.
Marv is the National Director of YouthWorks and Youth Specialties Canada. He is an internationally known author, professor, speaker, and youth ministry veteran having spent the last 40 years working with students and families. Marv oversees the Canadian Centre for Adolescent Research, a think tank that conducts research on Canadian youth and youth culture. He recently co-directed a major national study, What's Happening? The State of Youth Ministry in Canada. He has trained and inspired thousands of youth workers at various national and international youth workers conferences and conventions and has taught at more than 20 colleges and seminaries around the globe.
He is the author of six books on youth ministry including:
In addition to his teaching, speaking, and writing, Marv is a marriage and family counselor, specializing in parent/adolescent conflict resolution, sexual abuse recovery, self-injury, eating disorders, and marriage and family issues. He received his M.A. in Marriage and Family Counseling from Grace Seminary and his D. Phil degree from Oxford Graduate School.
In his spare time Marv enjoys canoeing and kayaking, outdoor photography, woodworking, wilderness camping, and motorcycle touring. Over the course of his life Marv has had some crazy jobs including being a Brinks armored car guard, a waterski instructor, an undercover private investigator, and a professional firefighter. Life is more predictable these days. Marv and his wife, Lois, live in Lake Country, British Columbia where their organization, All About Youth is headquartered. They have three awesome adult kids who have each married equally awesome spouses…and grandchildren have begun to arrive.


text: What is a Zoning System for a heating and air conditioning system? Zoning Systems separate your home's duct work into individual comfort areas, allowing for independent temperature control in distinct areas that need specific temperature conditioning. For example, a cathedral-style room with large bay windows may stay too hot in the summer and feel too cold in the winter. A Zoning System will send more conditioned air to this large, sun-drenched area to help offset the heat gained or lost through the windows. Another example of areas that could benefit from Zoning might be a nursery, home theater or music studio, where different temperatures may be needed in each room for the comfort and enjoyment of the people occupying these rooms. Families today have different lifestyles and comfort needs. Maybe you have a home office that needs extra conditioning during the day and none at night. Or you only use the upstairs or back bedrooms when guests visit. No matter what your needs, a zoning system can keep each area of your house at the perfect temperature for you and each family member. Bob Brown Service Experts Heating & Air provides free estimates and a complimentary consultation on Zoning Systems, call 623-243-4517 today if you think a new Zoning System could help solve your home comfort challenges. Back To Frequently Asked Questions


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Opaque thigh highs with sequin poison apple bow top accent
You're reviewing: White Thigh High Sequence Detail Apple Stockings
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Sign up to get most updated promotion and updates delivered to your inbox. First Time sign up to get a FREE lipgloss apply with first order.


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This is a document we have in our possession, signed by Samuel Chase on February 1, 1794. This document is Chase certifying Barnard Lafon's "Declaration of his belief in the Christian religion and the Oath required by the Act of Assembly of this State entitled 'An Act for Naturalization'."
Samuel Chase was born in April, 1741 in Maryland. He served in Congress from 1774-1778 and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He served as the Chief Justice of the criminal court of Baltimore starting in 1788 and later became the Chief Justice of the state of Maryland. He was appointed an Associate Justice in the United States Supreme Court where he served from 1796 until his death in June, 1811.


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White House Brief Foreshadows Supreme Court Arguments on Gay Marriage
(WASHINGTON) -- The White House has asked the Supreme Court to strike down a main provision of the Defense of Marriage Act, but in the legal paper filed with the judiciary it may have signaled a wider push for same-sex marriage as a constitutional right on the horizon.
The Justice Department issued an amicus brief Friday urging the court to repeal Section 3 of DOMA when it hears a challenge to the act late next month. The portion bars the federal government from recognizing same sex marriages for health benefits, income tax purposes, and other issues.`
In 2011, President Obama announced the executive branch would cease upholding the 1996 law, although it remained on the books. Given that the Obama administration has been named a party to the case, the filing with the court does not come as a surprise, yet the equal protection issues covered in United States v. Windsor are relatively narrow in scope.
Instead, court watchers have been waiting to see whether the president would weigh in on a separate case involving gay marriage: California's Proposition 8. The administration has until next week to decide whether to join other parties in challenging the ballot-approved state law, later overturned, that defined marriage as between a man and a woman. Friday's brief could serve as hat-tip that the Justice Department is preparing for such a move.
Any ruling regarding Prop 8 would have sweeping ramifications over a much broader issue than DOMA: Whether the U.S. Constitution guarantees a fundamental right to gay marriage.
Solicitor General Donald B. Verrilli Jr. is not required to file a so-called "friend of the court" brief in that, but sources say the administration is considering the possibility at the highest levels.
In an interview Wednesday with San Francisco's ABC station, KGO-TV, Obama said his administration had yet to reach a decision.
"I have to make sure I'm not interjecting myself too much into this process, particularly when we're not party to the case," he told KGO-TV. "I can tell you, though, that obviously my personal view is that I think that same-sex couples should have the same rights and be treated like everybody else."
Historically his administration has left such decisions to the states; the administration has not previously offered an official statement on Prop 8 because the federal government was not directly affected by it.
Although the California case and DOMA do not directly intertwine Friday's brief does offer a window into the language likely to be employed by the Justice Department in Prop 8, should it become involved. The brief can be found at the well-established SCOTUSblog.com.
"Gay and lesbian people are a minority group with limited political power," reads the administration statement. "Although some of the harshest and most overt forms of discrimination against gay and lesbian people have receded, that progress has hardly been uniform (either temporally or geographically), and has in significant respects been the result of judicial enforcement of the Constitution, not political action."
The Republican-controlled House of Representatives has also filed a brief urging that the law be upheld, arguing gay-rights issues would be better left to the democratic process.
"Gays and lesbians are one of the most influential, best-connected, best-funded, and best-organized interest groups in modern politics, and have attained more legislative victories, political power, and popular favor in less time than virtually any other group in American history," it says.
The House named itself a party to the case after the executive branch announced its decision to abandon the legislation.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio


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Minions, Report!
Thank you all for coming to the evil Wrecky henchpersons meeting. There's only one item of business today, so I'll be brief in briefing you with the brief:
I'd be super psyched to win it.
Like, super super psyched.
You can vote once a day now through July 6th, simply by typing in your e-mail address.
That is all. Dismissed!
(Oh, and since there are about a billion blogs on the list, you might have a hard time finding Cake Wrecks. I'd advise using the "find" tool on your web browser.)


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Cue the Dramatic Organ Music! Stolen Babe Ruth Tape on eBay Unveils Massive Theft
The National Archives literally house some of our only links to history's greatest and most significant moments that normally couldn't be found anywhere else except in the lost annals of time. One of them featuring baseball's greatest home run hitter showed up on eBay, the only auction site that, as far as we know, doesn't have a time travel portal.
J. David Goldin of Newtown, Connecticut found an original recording of an interview with Babe Ruth from 1937 on eBay while looking for recordings to add to his massive personal collection of historical recordings. Goldin's discovery of the historic recording uncovered an equally historic string of thefts from within the National Archives. The most amazing part of the story isn't just how he uncovered it. It's WHY he knew the eBay item had been stolen.
Goldin, a former radio man himself who is considered one of the top historical preservationists of old time radio broadcasts, amassed a massive collection of recordings and memorabilia that became his personal obsession. It became so big that he donated the bulk of them to the National Archives.
Then in 2010, he discovered a listing on eBay of the master recording of a candid interview with the Sultan of Swat during a hunting trip. Even though the item could have fetched thousands of dollars, it only sold for a disappointing price of $34.74. The item intrigued Goldin because it sounded familiar. A quick check of his personal collection's records confirmed why he had that sudden feeling of deja vu: he donated the very same recording to the National Archives.
He thought the National Archives had unloaded the item to a dealer to make room or save money on storage space and wrote the outfit an angry letter. It became the first domino to fall in an investigative chain that eventually brought down Leslie Waffen, one of the Archive's top audiovisual officials who admitted to stealing the recordings and other items from the organization and selling them for his own gain. He is currently facing federal charges for embezzlement of government property.
It's too bad that those old mystery and suspense radio shows aren't around anymore because this would make for a great one.


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I love this video and this song with Tegan and Sara. We shot it in Houston on a brief moment where all of us were free. Louis Van Amstel makes a fun little cameo too as we were right in the midst of "Dancing with the Stars" madness. Liam Sullivan directed this gem of a film and I absolutely love it. It makes me cry. Enjoy!!
– Margaret
Photos by Lindsey Byrnes
Margaret Cho – Intervention – featuring Tegan and Sara from Margaret Cho on Vimeo.
Read Margaret's blog about making the song.
"Intervention" is on iTunes here or buy the CD or Vinyl directly from Margaret and get an automatic download of the whole album!


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This busy insurance and financial services office has a passion to make a difference in the lives of others and better the community. Our team works hard to reach our goals together as a team and have fun while we are doing it! Our team is comprised of results-oriented individuals that are serious about their development. If you're willing to work hard and you expect to get results from yourself and those around you, we want to meet you and talk about the opportunity we have for you.
State Farm agents are independent contractors who hire their own employees. State Farm agents' employees are not employees of State Farm. Agents are responsible for and make all employment decisions regarding their employees.
Company Website: www.brandiwarmbier.com


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EasyCron API
EasyCron is a tool for scheduling calls to specified URLs by time or time interval. Registered users can manage jobs and set them according to their own timezone. Premium users can also receive email notifications about a job's execution and view execution logs for each job. The EasyCron API allows users to manage their jobs without having to log in to the EasyCron website. The API takes RESTful calls and responds in JSON format.


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The Dr. John Keshishoglou Center for Global Communications Innovation is an academic hub for the study and dissemination of innovation in both the theory and practical professional application of communications in our global world of technology and media convergence.
Named in honor of the founding dean of Ithaca College's School of Communications, Dr. John Keshishoglou (Dr. Kesh), the purpose of the Center is to nurture and critically examine new media innovation as it impacts:
- traditional media industries,
- creative and artistic expression,
- global collaboration and understanding,
- citizen empowerment and engagement,
- economic sustainability and growth, and
- lifelong learning.
Building on our long and distinguished reputation in communications education, the Center offers powerful, immersive learning opportunities for our own students and alumni, and for communications students, scholars, and professionals worldwide.
The key programmatic elements of the Kesh Center are:
- funding for international research, internships, and creative media development by Park School faculty, staff, and students,
- hosting international scholars and professionals-in-residence,
- offering our signature mini-courses on Media for Social Responsibility,
- our executive-style Master's degree in Communications Innovation.
The Kesh Center and its programming enhance our current undergraduate offerings and reputation, and serve as a platform where scholars and professionals can convene to explore communication from a critical perspective and to advance their educational credentials.


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Quilt designer: Darlene Zimmerman
From American Patchwork & Quilting, August 2002
2 yards of solid white for blocks
1/3 yard of yellow floral for blocks
1-1/8 yards of yellow print for blocks, inner border, and binding
1/3 yard of blue print for blocks
1/3 yard of blue floral for blocks
1-3/4 yards of blue plaid for blocks and outer border
1/4 yard of solid blue for blocks
3 yards of backing fabric
54 x 64-inch of quilt batting
Finished quilt top: 48x57-1/4"
Finished block: 6-1/2" square
Quantities specified for 44/45"-wide, 100 percent cotton fabrics. All measurements include a 1/4" seam allowance. Sew with right sides together unless otherwise indicated.
Related Links:


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TUSCALOOSA | A plan to build apartments and condominiums on part of the Country Club of Tuscaloosa's land is scheduled to be presented to the Tuscaloosa Planning and Zoning Commission on Wednesday.
TUSCALOOSA | A plan to build apartments and condominiums on part of the Country Club of Tuscaloosa's land is scheduled to be presented to the Tuscaloosa Planning and Zoning Commission on Wednesday.
Developers want to rezone the 92-acre country club in order to build 180 apartment/condo units, each of which would have two or three bedrooms. The construction would occur in the area that now contains the country club's driving range, according to a plan shown last week to country club members and neighborhood residents.
If the planning commission recommends the rezoning to allow multi-family construction, the request would be sent to the City Council for final approval. The city also would have to approve construction plats and issue building permits before construction could start, said Chase Adcox, who represents developer KC LLC, which has a contract to buy the property.
Adcox estimated last week that it could take through March to get all the necessary approvals before construction could start.
KC LLC is still in a due-
diligence period trying to make sure the project is viable, he said.
Part of that effort involves securing the rezoning and other city approvals.
"The focus is on a single-
family project," he said. "There is little in the rental market available for families around downtown."
The housing would be geared toward professionals and families who want to live near downtown and the university, he said. "We are targeting families and a set price point," he said. "We are not targeting Section 8" (government-subsidized rental units for low-income families).
The apartments also would not be marketed as student housing — housing that typically is rented by the bedroom to university students, he said.
"The focus of the development is on (building on) the driving range, which would preserve most of the golf course," Adcox said.
A new entrance to the property would be built off Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, and the 15th green and 16th tee box would have to be moved for the construction, causing some re-configuration of the golf course, he said.
The goal, however, is to keep the golf course open during construction and to retain all 18 holes, he said, although there could be some disruption to some holes during construction.
"With a few hole changes, we will be able to preserve most of the golf course," he said.
Some neighborhood residents who attended last week's informational meeting at the country club expressed concerns about single-family homes being built on the golf course under the rezoning, but Adcox said that was not in the plan, which is concentrating on the driving range.
The plan is to keep the golf course, and he said KC LLC is seeking grants to improve the aging clubhouse building, by making a "greener" or more environmentally friendly structure.
The Country Club of Tuscaloosa was founded in 1920 and is Tuscaloosa's oldest golf course and one of the oldest in the state.
The sluggish economy and an aging membership prompted the country club's board to seek a buyer for the property, board president Bill Dobbs said last year.


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Theatre Locations
Find your favorite or nearest Marcus Theatre. With 69 theatre locations throughout Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, and Wisconsin, there is always a Marcus Theatre with convenient movie showtimes nearby. Come back often to search for movie times and find out what's new.
Addison Cinema
Arnold Cinema
Arnold, MO 63010
Bay Park Cinema
BistroPlex Southridge
Greendale, WI 53129
Bloomington Cinema + IMAX
Bloomington, IL 61705
Campus Cinema
Cape West Cinema
Cape Girardeau, MO 63701
Cedar Creek Cinema
Cedar Rapids Cinema
Cedar Rapids, IA 52402
Century Cinema
Chesterfield Cinema
Chesterfield, MO 63005
Chicago Heights Cinema
College Square Cinema
Coral Ridge Cinema
Country Club Hills Cinema
Country Club Hills, IL 60478
Crossroads Cinema
Crosswoods Cinema
Des Peres Cinema
Des Peres, MO 63131
Duluth Cinema
Eagles' Landing Cinema
Lake Ozark, MO 65049
East Park Cinema
Edgewood Cinema
Elgin Cinema
Elk River Cinema
Green Bay East Cinema
Gurnee Mills Cinema
Hastings Cinema
Hillside Cinema
Ho-Chunk Cinema
Hollywood Cinema
La Crosse Cinema
Lakes Cinema
Lincoln Grand Cinema
Majestic Cinema of Brookfield
Majestic Cinema of Omaha
Menomonee Falls Cinema
Mid Rivers Cinema
St. Peters, MO 63376
North Shore Cinema
Oakdale Cinema
O'Fallon Cinema
O'Fallon, IL 62269
Orland Park Cinema
Oshkosh Cinema
Palace Cinema
Sun Prairie, WI 53590
Parkwood Cinema
Pickerington Cinema
Point Cinema
Renaissance Cinema
Ridge Cinema
Rochester Cinema + IMAX
Rochester, MN 55904
Ronnie's Cinema + IMAX
St. Louis, MO 63126
Rosemount Cinema
Safari Cinema
Saukville Cinema
Shakopee Cinema
Sheboygan Cinema
Showtime Value Cinema
Franklin, WI 53132
South Pointe Cinema
South Shore Cinema
Southbridge Crossing Cinema
Shakopee, MN 55379
Southgate Cinema
St. Charles Cinema
St. Charles, MO 63303
St. Clair Cinema
Fairview Heights, IL 62208
Sycamore Cinema
Town Square Cinema
Dardenne Prairie, MO 63368
Twin Creek Cinema
Valley Grand Cinema
Appleton, WI 54915
Village Pointe Cinema
West Acres Cinema
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A young elephant, whose oversized ears enable him to fly, helps save a struggling circus, but when the circus plans a new venture, Dumbo and his friends discover dark secrets beneath its shiny veneer.
Opens March 28
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Sigma Profiles
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Avare Rulolu Konveyör, D50 Al. Rulo, 300 mm Gen., 5 m. Uz., 800mm Yük.
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D50, Alüminyum Rulo, 300 mm Genişlik, 5 metre Uzunluk, 800mm Yükseklik-Avare Rulolu Konveyörler
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Once your order has been approved, your order will be delivered to the courier company after the preparation and invoicing of your product.
Return Policy: No refunds can be made for sale (length profiles and sheets) and special manufacturing (all types of modules). The products you want to return should be undamaged and in the original package. In the case of credit card payments, the amount after deducting bank commissions is refunded.


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SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - Firefighters on Saturday battled to gain control of a fast-moving wildfire raging on the edge of Yosemite National Park that is threatening power and water supplies to San Francisco about 200 miles to the west.
The so-called Rim Fire, which had grown to just over 125,000 acres as of early Saturday, remained largely unchecked with extreme terrain hampering efforts at containment.
"We are making progress but unfortunately the steep terrain definitely has posed a major challenge," said Daniel Berlant, a spokesman for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.
"Today we're continuing to see warm weather that could allow this fire to continue to grow very rapidly as it has over the last several days," Berlant said. He described the fire as the 16th largest on record in California.
California Governor Jerry Brown on Friday declared a state of emergency, warning that the fire had damaged the electrical infrastructure serving the city, and forced the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission to shut down power lines.
There have been no reports of blackouts in San Francisco.
Ashley Taylor, a spokeswoman for the U.S. Forest Service, said high humidity and firefighting efforts through the night had helped some.
"Firefighters are still working with the same difficult situation, and they're really taking every opportunity they can to take hold of this fire," Taylor said. "They're working very hard to take this down."
The Hetch Hetchy Reservoir provides water to 2.6 million customers in the San Francisco area, and Brown in his declaration said the city's water supply could be affected if the blaze affects the reservoir.
The Hetch Hetchy watershed provides about 85 percent of San Francisco's total water needs, according to the Western Urban Water Coalition, organization of largest water suppliers in western United States.
The fire on Saturday remained about 4 miles west of the reservoir and more than 20 miles from Yosemite Valley, the park's main tourist center, Yosemite spokesman Scott Gediman said.
The fire was consuming brush, oaks and pine and was about 5 percent contained as of Saturday.
The fire had blackened about 12,000 acres in the northwestern corner of Yosemite as of Friday.
Berlant said about 2,700 firefighters were expected to be on the front lines on Saturday to fight the fire, which started on August 17 in the Stanislaus National Forest.
Yosemite, one of the nation's major tourist destinations, attracted nearly 4 million visitors last year. The park has been posting updates and alerts on its website. (Alerts: www.nps.gov/yose/index.htm)
The blaze in the western Sierra Nevada Mountains is now the fastest-moving of 50 large wildfires raging across the drought-parched U.S. West that have strained resources and prompted fire managers to open talks with Pentagon commanders and Canadian officials about possible reinforcements.
Taylor said there had been one reported injury, a heat-related injury to a firefighter, due to the fire. About 4,500 residences, three commercial buildings and 1,000 outbuildings are currently threatened by the fire, she said.
An American Red Cross shelter at the Mother Lode Fairgrounds in Tuolumne County located north and west of the fire had 184 people on Saturday, spokesman Jordan Scott said.
Campers forced from Stanislaus National Forest had taken shelter there earlier in the week, but the fairgrounds shelter now had people forced to leave area homes, he said.
"People coming in are obviously concerned about their home and their situation," but their spirits have been "generally upbeat," Scott said in a telephone interview.
Taylor said there is no plan to close Yosemite National Park due to the fire. However, park officials have closed areas in its northwestern edge throughout the week, including the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir area, Lake Eleanor, Lake Cherry and Tuolumne Grove of Giant Sequoias.
Highway 120, one of four access routes to Yosemite, which is known for its waterfalls, giant sequoia groves and other scenic wonders, was temporarily closed. The highway leads to the west side of the 750,000-acre (300,000-hectare) national park.
The 2013 fire season has already drained U.S. Forest Service fire suppression and emergency funds, causing the agency to redirect $600 million meant for other projects like campground and trail maintenance and thinning of trees to reduce wildfire risks, agency spokesman Mike Ferris has said.
The service has spent some $967 million to protect lives and properties amid a season that has seen fires in Idaho, Utah, Colorado and California threaten homes and communities that border forest and wild lands where fire is more dangerous and costly to fight, Ferris said.
Additional reporting by Noreen O'Donnell in New York; Editing by David Bailey, Vicki Allen and Gunna Dickson


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Jane and Michael Stern talk a lot about foods like hot dogs, mac and cheese, burgers, and savory things.
But from time to time, they also break out an exquisite gem of a sweet find--which are reported on their site, roadfood.com. And generally the sweets they love are of the intensely decadent, no holds barred variety (yesss!).
And now they're coming to Seattle!
They will be speaking on January 12, 7:30 pm at Benaroya Hall, Seattle; Tickets are $25-50, $10 for students/under 25; available at lectures.org or at 206.621.2230. There will also be a community dinner the evening before (it's pricey, but hey, if you're a super fan, why not?); for more info, click here.


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Canadian Martin Reader announces his retirement
Reader competed at the 2012 London Olympic Games with partner Josh Binstock of Toronto. The pair, who finished the 2012 FIVB World Tour ranked 42nd in the world, made an impressive showing and reached the round of 16. Reader said he was inspired by fellow Canadians and 1996 Olympic bronze medalists Mark Heese and John Child to achieve his dream of representing Canada at the Olympic Games.
"It has been an honor to represent Canada on an international competitive level," said Reader. "I have learned so many valuable lessons through my experience with Volleyball Canada and I am eager to share them with the community. Supporting beach and building awareness for the sport will continue to be a focus for me and I can't wait to cheer from the sidelines as our talented young athletes push for gold in the Toronto 2015 PanAm Games and 2016 Olympic Games in Rio."
With a clear vision and driven by his passion for the sport, Reader climbed the youth ranks on Vancouver Island, BC and eventually the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour. Since turning pro, Reader has competed on the FIVB World Tour with a variety of partners, including Brian Heibert, Jessi Lelliott, Ray Sewell, Ahren Cadieux, Ben Saxton, Chaim Schalk, before ultimately ending up with Josh Binstock, his partner at the 2012 Olympic Games.


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It's our privilege to announce two recent blog posts that feature CFCA:
"Why am I a CFCA sponsor?" from Lynn Woolf
Lynn Woolf sponsors two children through CFCA, Flora in Tanzania and Christian in Honduras.
For Mother's Day, Lynn blogged about a recent letter she received from Christian's mother, Lenis:
I am greeting you with much love hoping you are in good health. I send you my best wishes. We hope you are having a happy Easter. Christian likes to go to the river and play in the water. I want to tell you that it is very hot and we enjoy the shade of the trees; we have plenty around the house. It is beautiful.
"Sharath ó Friend of the Month" from CatholicMom.com
Lisa Hendey has graciously partnered with us by featuring a monthly invitation on CatholicMom.com for readers to consider sponsoring a friend through CFCA. This month we chose to tell Sharath's story.
We're hoping to find a sponsor for Sharath, a 10-year-old boy in India! Since his father passed away, Sharath's mother is the sole breadwinner and works as a daily laborer. Her income is seasonal and doesn't cover her family's basic needs.
We invite you to click on these posts and comment on them. This helps show our support for these bloggers' efforts to tell others about our work!


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Rich was Trustee at Louisville Seminary from 1982 to 1995; she became an Honorary Life Trustee in 1996.
Former Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary Trustee, Norma Tate Rich, of Nashville, died September 5, 2013. She was 83. She was elected to the Seminary Board of Trustees in 1982, and from 1988 to 1992 she served as the Board's first-ever female Moderator. In 1996, she was named an Honorary Life Trustee.
Rich's husband, John W. Rich, established the Norma Tate Rich Scholarship Endowment Fund in 1992 to honor her four-year term as Moderator. John Rich died earlier this year on May 20.
Norma Tate Rich was born in Seminole, Oklahoma in 1930. She graduated from Seminole High School in 1946 and from the University of Oklahoma in 1950. At OU she was a member of the Tri Delta Sorority and majored in speech and hearing which led to her first job following graduation in Nashville. Rich was an active member of Westminster Presbyterian Church where she taught Sunday school and sang in the choir.
She was an avid supporter of the Nashville Ballet, the Nashville Symphony, the Nashville Opera and the Blair School of Music. She enjoyed delivering Meals on Wheels at the Martha O'Bryan Center. In addition, she organized and later served as President of Nashville's first chapter of PEO.
Rich's children and grandchildren remember her most for her kindness, her enjoyment of friends and family, and her unbounded enthusiasm for life. She was predeceased by her husband and by her brother, George Frank Tate, of Lake Jackson, Texas. She is survived by a daughter, two sons, 10 grandchildren and four great grandchildren.
The family requests gifts be made to Westminster Presbyterian Church or to Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary.
A private family ceremony will be held at Westminster Presbyterian Church at a later date.


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Artist Dante Rios (kneeling) enlisted the help of Center for the Arts 21st Century Learning students in
creating his Roadrunner/Wylie Coyote mural on the side of the Q Systems Music & Sound Building at
423 W. Broadway. Rios and the students (who attend Will Rogers and Edison) have been working on
the massive project since March.
Southern Heights Elementary students practiced flamenco dancing in preparation for their performance Saturday, Sept. 23rd during the Lea County Center for the Arts Hispanic Heritage Month Celebration. The students learned from dancers from the National Institute of Flamenco.
The performances were free for students 18 and under, Southern Heights Elementary 21st Century Community Learning Center parents and LCCA members. The Hispanic Art show at the Center for the Arts was also opened to the public to view. Click on the pictures above for video of the practice.
What's Next?
The ability to adjust to each level of innovation creates great programs in education not overnight... but overtime. Nobody ever enjoys being part of progress, but they are necessary in big projects. These projects which grow from the "skunkworks" level and are scaled to an established size. This is where the program begins to impact large groups of students at a high level. It all depends on the stakeholders asking the right questions like "What's Next?" Welcome to the frontier of educational leadership.
Looking at survey data, impact on student grades, and reflecting on the logistics of the program the past six months is where we begin the process of our Spring Action Plan. If we do our job, the growth of the program in the coming months and years will develop more fractal like the plant in my dad's IBM Selectric and less like a hard template inflexible and thus incapable of growing big.
The one thing I have learned living in Hobbs, New Mexico for almost ten years is this community is incapable of doing small things. When they commit to a project, it is a big project. The 21st CCLC Program passed the 850 mark in registrations and is climbing this month. We haven't even started the registrations for the Summer Camps yet which will be a new wave of students.
It is interesting how different yet how strong the teams are which are forming at every site around the district. This mixture of school staff and community folks has grown into something the students see as one big team who is investing in them after the last bell rings.
"To be very talented in music and dance, You need a strong mind in math; A strong mind in reading; A strong mind in science. These children all have that within them. We as adults need to nurture that talent."
- Karen Salb
Joe and Joyce Walker Award Winner 2014 Outstanding Artist of the Year
Our team of over 100 stakeholders, volunteers, staff and subcontractors are now entering our 21st day of programming in our brand new afterschool initiative in Hobbs, New Mexico call the 21st Century Community Learning Centers Program (21st CCLC).
After these initial days of building a foundation of programming, it is those thoughts from one of our community's private dance school teachers, Karen Salb, that I keep foremost in my mind. The thought behind the mission of all education... the strong mind. More importantly, in order to nurture strong minds, you first must have one.
My parents instilled in my mind growing up about the importance of 21 days and how you never have really attempted anything unless you have formed a habit of doing it. 21 days is commonly recognized as the magic amount of time to form a good or bad habit. My piano teacher, Mrs. Lee, was very adamant about us developing only good habits. One day, she sent home a large cardboard sign with big colorful block letters on it. This sign sat on an easel beside of our family's upright Baldwin piano. It read "Practice doesn't make perfect, perfect practice make perfect." Mrs. Lee did not want us practicing things the wrong way away from her watchful eye. 21 years later, I can still hear my piano teacher reminding me of that lesson that transcended every music lesson.
In reflection on 21 days into the 21st CCLC program, I know we have a solid team forming and growing stronger by the day. Our team consists of high-quality instructors who are eager to nurture the young minds of students who are staying afterschool to "learn more things" in science and the arts.
This is our mission moment as we celebrate the 21st day of the new program and focus on developing these good habits and strong minds in the students during the afterschool programs and beyond. The 21st Century world is rife with hostility but also unlimited opportunity for those with strong minds.
Congratulations on your 21st Day!
Students from College Lane, Jefferson, Southern Heights and Taylor were on stage Saturday at Tydings Auditorium for a Missoula Children's Theatre performance of Peter and Wendy. Click on the photo for highlights.
Elementary Fine Arts Coordinator Tyson Ledgerwood outlines details of a federal grant during Tuesday's school board meeting. The grant was awarded to HMS and community partners last week and will finance nearly $5 million in activities ranging from music instruction to parenting techniques over the next four years. Programs will be offered at the Hobbs Teen Center, Boys and Girls Club, Center for the Arts and HMS elementary and middle schools and will impact hundreds of students. Click on the picture of the presentation for the program design.
Click on the KZOR link to listen to the Media Meeting about the District Wide Art Show Exhibit Series and 21st CCLC Program Launch.


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August 29, 2013
Dear SEC:
I am the Chairman of the Upstate Carolina Angel Network, an angel group based in Greenville, SC. I am writing in regard to two issues: the final Rule 506 regarding general solicitation, and proposed rules to expand the scope of Regulation D and Form D. Specifically, I am seeking clarification of the facts and circumstances that would reasonably establish that an investor is accredited. I also respectfully request the Commission withdraw its proposed amendments to Regulation D and Form D, as these requirements would paralyze angel investing and virtually shut small issuers out of the capital markets.
Our angel group has more than 50 members, all of whom are accredited investors. Angel investors such as ourselves form the backbone of the startup economy. Collectively, our members have funded more than 45 deals in start-ups and early-stage companies. Many of these companies have gone on to raise additional capital and continue to positively impact the economy.
I recognize that the JOBS Act required issuers to take reasonable steps to verify that investors are accredited when relying on Rule 506(c). However, reasonable steps should not include disclosure of personal financial information by angel investors already well-versed in the startup economy. Active angel investors are both accredited investors and knowledgeable about the risks of angel investing. This combination of fact and circumstances provides richer validation than the check-the-box method prohibited by Congress.
Our angel group members work closely with entrepreneurs over long periods (often years) to provide essential mentorship capital and support in addition to financial backing. If angels are required to navigate cumbersome and costly requirements to provide private financial data to every startup in which we invest, we will go elsewhere. Angels invest our own funds we are not hedge funds or private equity managers which have extensive infrastructure already in place to help determine whether a limited partnership investment is suitable for a potential accredited investor.
I respectfully request the Commission take two actions: Withdraw the proposed rules and, provide guidance in regard to Rule 506(c), to the following effect:
If an issuer verifies that a purchaser is a member of an established angel group or is otherwise actively engaged in the startup community and also provides written representation that he or she is an accredited investor, the issuer will have met the verification requirement of Rule 506(c).
Charles M. Smith


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I just upgraded my iPhone 3G from iOS 3.1.3 to 4.2.1.
- Backed everything up (8 hours)
- Downloaded the update (1 hour)
- Installed the update, and restored everything (1 hour)
Everything looks like it worked… EXCEPT that now, all my email is gone.
I have three questions:
How could it restore all my contacts, settings, apps, all email settings, all email boxes, everything… and only skip my email?
Where did my email go?
How do I get my email back?