text:
Moving equipment efficiently and economically during NATO's drawdown in Afghanistan poses serious challenges to the major players deployed there.
"Everyone fixated on rushing kit into theater. Getting it back is left to chance," says one British logistics planner.
This might sound pessimistic, but a glance at NATO figures for the size of the logistical problem is informative: The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) must withdraw 125,000 containers and up to 80,000 vehicles from Afghanistan by the end of combat operations in 2014. This includes at least 10,000-12,000 containers of equipment and 2,500-3,000 vehicles for the U.K., more than 1,000 vehicles and 4,000 containers for Germany, and close to 90,000 containers and 50,000 vehicles for the U.S. Other ISAF nations make up much of the rest.
The biggest change for the drawdown is that the means of equipment movement from Afghanistan is likely to be different from the move in. The reason is simple: Cost.
Lt. Col. Bertrand de Robien, deputy director of the French military center for multimodal transport (CMT), says 90% of materiel arrived in Afghanistan by air; the remainder came by ship and was trucked overland through Pakistan. But sensitive equipment will be moved back by air, either to transhipment hubs in the Persian Gulf, or directly to France. Even non-urgent but nevertheless sensitive materiel such as munitions are flown from Kabul to the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where France has a base, and will be stockpiled until there is enough to fill a ship to Marseilles.
For the U.K., although the main deployment phases in 2007-10 saw most equipment arriving by sea and via Pakistan, the closure of those ports and borders saw a dramatic change, with well over 90% also arriving by air, either from the U.K. or by a shipment point in the UAE. Although there will be efforts to limit the amount of air movement, the sensitive nature of much equipment means that it will have to be flown to the UAE, at the very least, for onward transportation.
The route for Germany also relies on air movement. A logistics hub is being established at the Turkish Black Sea port of Trabzon. Here, more than 15 flights a week from Afghanistan will land so that equipment can be sorted for shipment by sea to Germany.
This route mirrors one pioneered by Belgium, which started its drawdown in 2012. The Belgian mission secured a base at Kabul International Airport, through which 54 vehicles and 39 containers were airlifted by 10 Antonov An-124 flights via Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan, to Trabzon, and then shipped to Zeebrugge, Belgium.
Much talk has revolved around the opening of the Northern Line of Communication, a route from Uzbekistan through Russia to the Baltic states and beyond. This route, with the Trans-Siberian Railway, is an alternative to the land route through Pakistan to Karachi. However, there are limitations to the route. Russia says it will not allow "warlike equipment" to be transported through its territory, which could prevent movements. There have also been queries raised by other states in the area about customs clearance.
But most countries would like to use land/rail/sea routes as much as possible to lower cost. It is also feasible to use land/sea routes as opposed to air routes as there is generally far less urgency in the process. There are exceptions: Equipment France needs to deploy to Mali, such as Tiger attack helicopters, will be airlifted.
France, however, is largely unaffected by some of the friction points worrying logistics planners. The French drawdown was ordered in late 2011. By 2012, it was determined that there were slightly more than 10,000 metric tons of equipment, vehicles and other assets to be moved—called "units to transport" (UAT) in French logistics parlance—and the process started.
In January, there were 900 UATs left to transport, and by mid-May there will be a little less than half that, says de Robien. He explains that not everything will be brought back because France is leaving 500 military personnel behind to complete training of the Afghan National Army and the police.
The Royal Dutch Task Force (RDTF) completed its drawdown in 2012, after a process lasting just over a year. The RDTF had to move 450 vehicles and 2,300 containers of weapons, ammunition, office equipment and other materiel to the Netherlands by air and sea from Karachi, when that route was an option. C-17s of NATO's Strategic Airlift Capability transported sensitive equipment, along with Russian An-124s and Ilyushin Il-76s.
One big worry for NATO logistics planners in Afghanistan is that as the drawdown date nears, remaining forces will start to commit "commercial fratricide," the unintentional competition for scarce resources.
There are only so many C-17 aircraft available, and even fewer An-124s, for which there are also commercial pressures. If everyone wants to start major movements of equipment in 2013, with 80-90% moved by mid-2014, there is a high likelihood that there will be common calls for these assets. Countries without heavy-lift capabilities are anxious about whether the U.S. Air Force will have spare C-5s or C-17s, particularly given that the NATO C-17 fleet will be working near capacity.
The same is true for local ground transportation assets inside Afghanistan. There are only so many reliable transport companies, and their services will be at a premium. The end of ISAF's mission means this will be one last income opportunity for many Afghan contractors.
The fratricide concept affects other areas, too. One standard assumption for most ISAF countries is that they can "donate" or "gift" equipment to Afghan forces. For example, the RDTF transferred 13 of its 81 Patria armored vehicles to Estonian forces, while Bushmaster and Patria armored vehicles and Mercedes-Benz all-terrain vehicles were taken over by the Dutch police training mission, which has since ended.
However, if all forces are donating equipment, the market becomes bloated with surplus, and recipients may be choosy about what they accept.
One issue to consider for non-U.S. contingents is that a massive amount of new equipment has been supplied by the U.S. to Afghan forces, so used materiel from other ISAF countries is far less attractive. The probability that there will be a lack of long-term support for equipment maintenance after the drawdown also reduces the luster of equipment gifts for the Afghan government.
EDITOR'S NOTE: Nicholas Fiorenza in Brussels and Christina Mackenzie in Paris both contributed to this report. Their contribution was not mentioned in the print edition.
Tap the icon in the digital edition of AW&ST for an interactive view of some of the challenges to be expected in the Afghan drawdown, or go to AviationWeek.com/afghan


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Obscure C
The C language is relatively "small" in comparison to other modern computer languages. To completely specify it, (and its standard library) only requires about ~550 pages. To do the same for Java or C++ would require an entire bookshelf, rather than a single book. However, even though the language is small enough to be easily comprehended, it has some dark corners. The purpose of this article is to explore some of them.
Since C is used in a wide variety of applications, the "dialect" of it varies. This means that some people may be quite familiar with many of the following items. However, the individual "non-obscure" subsets should hopefully vary, resulting in at least a few items you might not know about.
1) Pointers are not unsigned integers
Pointers are not unsigned integers. That is fairly obvious, you can't dereference an unsigned integer (even if it is an address). However, many people assume many properties of integers apply to pointers, even if they don't. Unfortunately, this can result in security issues.
A common problem is bounds-checking an access to a buffer. A simple solution might look like:
Unfortunately, that code might not work correctly. If the len variable is too big, then the addition can overflow and the inequality will not hold. The obvious fix is something like:
However, this doesn't work either. The problem is that in C, you can only compare pointers in the same underlying object. That means that all pointer arithmetic is assumed to never overflow. The second check can be optimized away as it only triggers in undefined behavior. The gcc compiler did this, breaking a security check in the Linux Kernel. As an aside, the proper way to check this is the simple:
This isn't the only pointer arithmetic that can be a little tricky. Another case is:
Code like the above might appear in macros attempting to do address-space manipulation, so it isn't quite as strange as it first appears. The problem is that again it is undefined behavior. NULL isn't in any valid object. Thus we are subtracting two pointers in different objects - undefined behavior. The compiler is allowed to set u to any value it pleases.
These features of C pointers mean that no object can be larger than half the address space. (Otherwise pointer arithmetic within it would overflow the (signed) ptrdiff_t). Another limitation is that no object can end on address (uintptr_t) -1. i.e. 0xffffffff on 32bit machines. You are always allowed to look one past the end of a C object. That isn't possible in that case due to the overflow. Again, that doesn't affect most programmers. However, in embedded work where every byte matters, such subtleties matter.
2) Loops in the C pre-processor
The C Pre-Processor is a simple text-replacing macro implementation. It isn't very complex, and deliberately reduces its own scope to try to avoid extra complexity. Macros are only expanded once per phase, so arbitrary computation via recursion is hindered. However, wouldn't it be nice to have loops controlled by macros? You could programatically cause varying amounts of text-substitution.
The obvious way doesn't work. i.e. via the relationship between recursion and iteration, since recursion is disallowed. However, that doesn't stop us from being tricky. The key is the idea that a text file is allowed to
A new problem is that a macro definition can't really refer to previous definitions of itself, so we can't update a loop counter in an obvious way. That in turn can be surmounted by using binary logic. We can manually
The following program uses the technique:
Can you guess what it does without compiling and running it?
3) strxfrm()
The C standard library has quite a few functions in it. Some of them are used more than others. Some are quite obvious from their name, so if you run into them you can derive what they should do. However, others are relatively obscure.
Okay... so it transforms a string in some poorly-described way, but then refers to the also obscure function
However, that doesn't really explain the need (and use) for the
If you never do internationalization work, you may never run into this function. Even if you do, only if you care about performance in specific types of algorithms will you need to know about this function. It's there if you need it. The rest of us can safely ignore it, relegating it to a dark corner of the language.
4) Integer Division
C is a low level language, and details of the underlying hardware matter. This means that C code can be very fast, but it does expose C programs to some dark corners. One such issue is exposed by integer division.
The effect of division is described in paragraphs 188.8.131.52-6 in the C 99 standard:
The result of the / operator is the quotient from the division of the first operand by the second; the result of the % operator is the remainder. In both operations, if the value of the second operand is zero, the behavior is undefined.
When integers are divided, the result of the / operator is the algebraic quotient with any fractional part discarded. (This is often called "truncation towards zero".) If the quotient a/b is representable, the expression (a/b)*b + a%b shall equal a.
So the above discusses that division by zero is undefined behavior. However, there is one other case not explicitly mentioned. The problem is that C supports three different types of representations of signed integers. Signed Magnitude. Ones Complement. Twos Complement. The first two of these have no other undefined possibilities for division. However, the third does. Guess which one your hardware probably uses?
Twos complement division has a hidden undefined case. INT_MIN / -1 will cause integer overflow. Since the result is INT_MAX + 1, which isn't representable in the integer type, there is a problem. You might expect that it overflows to INT_MIN again... but since overflow is undefined, anything could actually happen. On some machines you'll get a hardware exception.
Thus in addition to checking for division by zero, security conscious code also needs to test for the INT_MIN / -1 case.
5) Bit Shifting
Big shifts on unsigned integers work as you might expect. Shifting left is like multiplication, and right like division. Signed integers are a different story.
Shifting leftwards works until you overflow. Once overflow occurs, we are again in the world of undefined behavior. The compiler can do anything, including ignoring the possibility. Thus you cannot left shift into the sign bit! (Checking the sign bit is a really fast comparison with zero, or overflow flag test on some hardware.) If you want to use the special properties of manipulating the sign bit with shifts, you first need to cast to unsigned to do the work, and then cast back when done. Unsigned overflow is well-defined, avoiding all the problems.
Right-shifting signed integers is also slightly tricky. It isn't division by powers of two, like in the unsigned case. Non-negative integers will be divided as you might expect, but negative ones will exercise implementation defined behavior. This isn't quite as bad as undefined behavior. The result will be defined by your compiler maker. However, different compilers might choose different things, which makes it almost as annoying.
Fortunately, most compiler vendors choose sane defaults for this, with a right shift of a signed integer acting as an "arithmetic shift". The sign bit will stay constant, yet propagate its state rightwards. This is quite useful, allowing simplified masking operations.
Since the common case for the right shifts is to behave in a certain way, many people assume that that behavior is portable. Unfortunately, it isn't.
6) K&R Declarations
C predates its standardization by the ANSI organization. Thus some really old C code doesn't exactly look like its more modern descendants. On thing in particular that has changed is the way functions are declared. Now, the types of the arguments are specified within the parenthesis. In pre-ANSI code, they were after it.
You'll typically only run into this when maintaining really old code. (Which might have macros allowing both forms of declarations to co-exist.) However, there is one case in modern C code where you might want to use this archaic style. The problem occurs when dealing with variable length arrays passed as parameters.
C is a lingua-franca of programming languages, and has to talk to many others. One such common interface is with FORTRAN. In FORTRAN, it is quite common to pass arrays as parameters to functions. The problem is that there are two ways to do it. The first works nicely:
In the above, the length of the array is passed first, and the array second. Thus we can use the length in the definition of the array. What happens when the order is the other way around?
Unfortunately, this doesn't compile. We can't use b before it is defined in the list of function parameters. This is where the old K&R syntax comes to the rescue:
Notice how we can reorder the type declarations now so that a is specified after b.
The above is nice, but how do we pre-declare such a function, so that others can call it? This is another obscure part of C99:
The square brackets with the asterisk inside represent a variable length array. You can only use this syntax in pre-declarations, the only place it is needed. Most of the time, you wouldn't need to use it though. Only in the special case when the array is passed before the length is it needed.
7) typedef
The first three of these are legal, and do as you might expect. The last isn't allowed though.
A more complex case might look like:
Here we declare a struct tag "test", and make the
As an aside, the following is also legal C:
Unlike C++, struct tags live in a separate "namespace" than type names. Thus the three x's refer to different things. The first is a struct tag. The second is a field of that struct. The final x is the name of a variable. Also notice how we are allowed to make the struct member volatile. We can also add arbitrary number of "const" or "volatile" keywords to the variable declaration. (Not that you'd really want to though. Beyond the first, they don't change anything.)
8) Goto labels and case statements
Goto is very powerful in C. It is the only construct that has full function scope. Everything else depends on bracing for scoping. Thus you can use goto to jump into places you might not expect. You can jump in between an
An example of strange code using this flexibility is:
Note how the "break" keyword isn't so nice. It is always attached to the construct immediately previous to it in scope. Thus in this case, attached to the
9) The conditional operator
The conditional operator allows you to convert an if statement into an expression. This can simplify some code. However, what happens when the two alternatives are differently typed?
As you might expect, cases of incommensurable types are not allowed. Arithmetic types get converted to the "larger" type as would other binary operations. The subtle cases occur when you have pointers to types that are qualified differently.
The result is typed with all the qualifiers of the two cases. Even if one case is "impossible":
The above doesn't compile. Even though we are technically only accessing y, the type of the conditional expression is a pointer to a constant integer. The constantness leaking in from the definition of x. This can affect some macros, which might otherwise be nicely optimized away. You can of course alter the types to be equal by using casts. The comma operator is also sometimes useful in this situation.
10) Array Magic
What does the following do?
The first line is obvious. It declares an array that holds ten integers. The second line is also clear, it sets the first such integer to zero. The tricky bit is the last line. What it uses is the fact a x[y] is the same as *(x + y) and *(y + x) and thus y[x] in C. What it "really" is doing is:
Which is quite a bit clearer. However, that isn't the point of this entry. What does that line do?
Well... obviously, since a[0] is zero, it sets a[a[0]], which is a[0], to be equal to 1. Right?
Nope. The above is technically undefined behavior in C99. (It is fixed in C11 to do what you might expect though.) Why is it undefined? The tricky bit is that we are modifying a lvalue at the same time as we are using it. The expression is similar to the more obviously wrong:
where we are adding one to i at the same time as having as the destination of the assignment.
The problem is that in the expression a[a[0]] = 1, there doesn't seem to be two different modifications happening. So what is going on? Well... the issue is that in C, the [] array access operation isn't a sequence point. That means that even though you might expect to have some ordering between the calculation what array member to use, and the use of that array entry, there isn't explicitly such a constraint in C99.
In short, we evaluate a[0], and then use that evaluation to work out which a[] location to modify. However, that evaluation can occur _after_ we have done the modification. (Which seems to make no sense.) However, there are cases where this weird atemporal strangeness matters:
Imagine some hardware with memory where reads are destructive. In such a device all reads must be later written back to memory to avoid problems. What happens with the above construct? Well... we read a[0]. We then write 1 to that location. We then re-write the old value into a[0] because the C compiler "knows" that no concurrent modification has occurred. The result is that a[0] stays as zero. Oops.
Another case is when your compiler has a very good optimizer. It can notice that a[0] cannot be modified by that line, and thus cache its value. If a later line assigns a[0] to some other variable, then the compiler can optimize that assignment to a set-to-zero. Undefined behavior is a strange beast, and with optimizations its effects can be wide-reaching.
C has some dark corners. Most of them aren't really relevant to most programmers. However, if you deal with security you should know about the integer overflow issues. Low-level programers should know about pointer arithmetic and its interaction with address spaces. Of course, if you are interested there is always more to learn. How many did you know about?
CommentsResuna said...
Passing arrays (and other non-atomic objects such as structs) to functions was an evil and wicked extension to the language. Trying to make inter-language calls portable is a vain quest, since the semantics of how languages other than C pass parameters is by definition undefined in the C language itself. On small address space systems, it was common for Fortran to stuff parameters in static locations (including inline with the function) rather than a stack.jrl said...
And dealing with objects larger than half the address space used to be reasonably common, back when there was barely room for a decent sized edit buffer even in a split-I&D executable on a PDP-11. You just have to be careful.
And speaking of evil and wicked, what ANSI C did to typecasts of signed values was scary. It used to be saner in most implementations.
In the first code snippet len is not initialized - wouldn't you want to initialize it to LEN? In 4th p is also not initialized. Excuse me if I am too slow to catch up with the examples and proposed solutions, but the problem definition is not valid for me, making it hard to understand the write-up. Btw other than that - nice article!wurst said...
hans wurstsaid...
Enter your comments heresaid...
Enter your comments heresfuerst said...
jrl: Insert the obvious initialization of "len" to the length you want to use between its definition and use. There should perhaps be an ellipsis denoting the missing block of code there. Note that len can be any size (not just equal to LEN), which is the whole point of checking its value.Dave said...
I think it would be helpful to the reader to point out, that in C89 (and consequently C++98) the result of integer division is implementation defined when either of the operands is negative.jrl said...
Truncation towards zero has only become required behavior in C99/C++11.
@sfuerstGraham said...
Wouldn't the following be more readable?
void foo(unsigned int len) {
char buf[LEN];
char *buf_end = buf + LEN;
if (buf + len >= buf_end) errx(1, "Buffer Overflow!\n");
// ...
Unfortunately, function foo might not work correctly. If the len argument is too big, then the addition can overflow and the inequality will not hold. The obvious fix is something like:
I've observed that making code snippets more 'real-life' makes the reader more happy and article more interesting. E.g. rewriting the above into sth like the following:
char lookup_character(unsigned int idx) {
char buf[LEN] = { /* ... */ };
char *buf_end = buf + LEN;
if (buf + idx >= buf_end) errx(1, "Buffer Overflow!\n");
return buf[idx];
Unfortunately, lookup_character may fail if the idx (...)
Ming that I'm not trying to be picky, just giving you feedback so you can write more articales that I can read with more joy on my face :-) Peace.
int varray(int a[], int b); is validGraham said...
i = i++; would do i++ after assignment.said...
If you want the increment first you do i = ++i;
@GrahamDaniel Glasser said...
i=i++ would not be sure to do the increment after the assignment. It is only sure to do the increment after reading the value for assignment. The actual assignment _may_or_may_not_ come later.
For bounds checking, the following should work pretty consistently:
/* assume "buff" is declared as an array, not a pointer; it matters
* not what the type of buff[0] is
if (idx < (sizeof buff / sizeof buff[0]))
/* buff[idx] is defined */
/* idx is out of bounds as an index for buff[] */
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- Cycling
Lance Armstrong interview highlights
Lance Armstrong admitted to doping throughout his cycling career during an interview with Oprah Winfrey on Thursday night.
The interview, the first part of which was broadcast Thursday night on the Oprah Winfrey Network, was conducted Monday in Austin, Texas. The second part of it will air Friday night.
Asked by ESPN if he was compensated for the interview, Armstrong said in a text message earlier Thursday, "Absolutely not."
In what was billed as a no-holds-barred question-and-answer session, Armstrong admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs, which led to him being stripped of his seven Tour de France titles and banned for life from the sport. The International Olympic Committee also sent a letter to Armstrong on Wednesday night asking him to return his bronze medal from the 2000 Games.
Some highlights of the interview from Thursday night:
Oprah: Did you ever take banned substances to enhance your cycling performance?
Armstrong: Yes.
Oprah: Was one of those banned substances EPO?
Armstrong: Yes.
Oprah: Did you ever blood dope or use blood transfusions to enhance your cycling performance?
Armstrong: Yes.
Oprah: Did you ever use any other banned substance like testosterone, cortisone or human growth hormone?
Armstrong: Yes.
Oprah: In all seven of your Tour de France victories, did you ever take banned substances or blood dope?
Armstrong: Yes.
Oprah: In your opinion, was it humanly possible to win the Tour de France without doping? Seven times in a row?
Armstrong: Not in my opinion.
Oprah: For 13 years you didn't just deny it, you brazenly and defiantly denied everything you just admitted just now. So why now admit it?
Armstrong: That is the best question. It's the most logical question. ... I don't know that I have a great answer. I will start my answer by saying that this is too late. It's too late for probably most people, and that's my fault. I viewed this situation as one big lie that I repeated a lot of times, and as you said, it wasn't as if I just said no and I moved off it.
Oprah: Right, you were defiant. ... You called other people liars.
Armstrong: I understand that. And while I lived through this process, especially the last two years, one year, six months, two, three months, I know the truth. The truth isn't what was out there. The truth isn't what I said, and now it's gone -- this story was so perfect for so long. And I mean that, as I try to take myself out of the situation and I look at it. You overcome the disease, you win the Tour de France seven times. You have a happy marriage, you have children. I mean, it's just this mythic perfect story, and it wasn't true.
Oprah: And that wasn't true.
Armstrong: And that was not true on a lot of levels.
Oprah: Was it hard to live up to that picture that was created?
Armstrong: Impossible. Certainly I'm a flawed character, as I well know, and I couldn't do that. But what we see now and what's out there now.
Oprah: But didn't you help paint that picture?
Armstrong: Of course, yeah, I did. ... And a lot of people did. Listen, all the fault and all the blame here falls on me. But behind that picture and behind that story is momentum. Whether it's fans or whether it's the media or whether it's -- it just gets going. And I lost myself in all of that. I'm sure there would be other people that couldn't handle it, but I certainly couldn't handle it, and I was used to controlling everything in my life. I controlled every outcome in my life.
Oprah: You said to me earlier you don't think it was possible to win without doping?
Armstrong: Not in that generation, and I'm not here to talk about others in that generation. It's been well-documented. I didn't invent the culture, but I didn't try to stop the culture, and that's my mistake, and that's what I have to be sorry for, and that's what something and the sport is now paying the price because of that. So I am sorry for that. I don't think -- I didn't have access to anything else that nobody else did.
Oprah: The United States Anti-Doping agency, USADA, issued a 164-page report which I've read. The CEO, Travis Tygart said in the statement that you and the U.S. Postal Service cycling team pulled off the most, in his words, sophisticated professionalized and successful doping program that the sport has ever seen. Was it?
Armstrong: No. No. And I think he actually said that all of sport has ever seen. Oprah, it wasn't. It definitely was professional, and it was definitely smart, if you can call it that, but it was very conservative, very risk-averse, very aware of what mattered. One race mattered for me. But to say that that program was bigger than the East German doping program in the '70s and '80s? That's not true.
Oprah: What was the culture? Can you explain the culture to us?
Armstrong: It's hard to get into that without, and, again, I don't want to -- I don't want to accuse anybody else. I don't want to necessarily talk about anybody else. I made my decisions. They are my mistakes, and I am sitting here today to acknowledge that and to say I'm sorry for that. The culture was what it was.
Oprah: Was everybody doing it? That's what we've heard. Was everybody doing it?
Armstrong: I didn't know everybody. I didn't live and train with everybody. I didn't race with everybody. I can't say that. There will be people that say that. There will be people that say, 'OK, there are 200 guys on the tour, I can tell you five guys that didn't, and those are the five heroes, and they're right.
Oprah: Last fall, USADA published details of how some of the United States Postal Service cycling team, and former team captain, Lance Armstrong, conducted their years' long doping scheme.
Armstrong: I think there were parts of this scheme that were run like a mafia. Back in the day we had code words for certain things, and we had secret phones, secret code words. It was either Poe or Edgar Allen Poe, which was kind of -- that was the code name for EPO.
Oprah: Were you blood doping in Stage 11 of the 2000 Tour (De France)? Stopping at a hotel, Tyler Hamilton said you stopped at a hotel.
Armstrong: I'm confused on the stages, but certainly that was in the middle of the tour.
Oprah: Tyler Hamilton also said there would be times when you all were injecting EPO in a camper or in a tent, and right outside the fans would be outside, and you all would be dumping the syringes in coke cans. Is that true?
Armstrong: I didn't read Tyler's book. I don't necessarily remember that. But I'm certainly not going to say that's a lie, that's not true, but ...
Oprah: I'd like you to walk me through it. Were there pill deliveries, and blood in secret refrigerators? How did it work?
Armstrong: Oh, we'd need a long time. We'd need a long time. ... I viewed it as very simple. I mean, you had things that were oxygen-boosting drugs, for lack of a better word, or way to describe it that were incredibly beneficial for endurance sports, whether it's cycling, or running, or whatever. And that's all you needed. My cocktail, so to speak, was EPO -- but not a lot -- transfusions and testosterone. Which, in a weird way, I almost justified because of my history, obviously, with having testicular cancer and losing, I thought, surely, I'm running low.
Lance Armstrong
Oprah: Were you afraid of getting caught?
Armstrong: No. Drug testing has changed. It's evolved. In the old days they tested at the races. They didn't come to your house. They didn't come to your training camps. They tested you at the race. That's shifted a lot. Now the emphasis of the testing, which is right, is out-of-competition testing.
Oprah: Would you take several days before? You take it and give yourself enough time for it to move through your system?
Armstrong: Yeah, it's a question of scheduling. I know that sounds weird, but two things changed this. The shift to out-of-competition testing and the biological passport. And it really worked. I'm no fan of UCI, but they implemented the bio passport.
Oprah: The 2012 USADA report says expert examination established that the likelihood of Armstrong's blood val use from the 2009 and 2010 Tour De France occurring naturally is less than one-in-a-million. The report went on to say, this is a telling argument consistent with blood doping.
Armstrong: It's the only thing in that whole report that really upset me. Obviously, it upset me. But the accusation and the alleged proof that they say that I doped after my comeback, is not true. The last time I crossed the line, that line, was 2005.
Oprah: So when you placed third in 2009, you did not dope?
Armstrong: Again, the biological passport was in place, and it was.
Oprah: OK, does that include blood transfusions?
Armstrong: Absolutely.
Oprah: So you did not do blood transfusions in 2009?
Armstrong: Absolutely not.
Oprah: You did no doping or blood transfusions in 2010?
Armstrong: 2009 and 2010, those are the two years I did the tour. Absolutely not.
Oprah: So 2005 is the last time?
Armstrong: Absolutely true.
Oprah: The USADA report stated the evidence is also clear that Armstrong had ultimate control over not only his own personal drug use, which was extensive, but also over the doping culture of his team. Were you the one in charge?
Armstrong: Um, well, I was the top rider. I was the leader of the team. I wasn't the manager, the general manager, the director. ... Look, I was the leader of the team, and the leader of any team leads by example. There was never a direct order or a directive to say you have to do this if you want to do the tour, if you want to be on the team. That never happened. It was a competitive time. We were all grown men. We all made our choices, but there were people on the team that chose not to.
Oprah: Were you a bully?
Armstrong: Yeah, yeah, I was a bully. ... I was a bully in the sense that I tried to control the narrative, and if I didn't like what somebody said, and for whatever reasons in my own head whether I viewed that as somebody being disloyal or a friend turning on you or whatever, I tried to control that. Say that's a lie, they're liars.
Oprah: Is that your nature when somebody says something that you don't like, you go on the attack?
Armstrong: My entire life. My entire life.
Oprah: How important was winning to you? Would you do anything to win at all costs?
Armstrong: Basically, basically. Winning was important. Winning was important. I still like to win, but I view it a little differently now.
Oprah: So you've been quoted as saying we had one goal, one ambition, and that was to win the greatest bike race in the world, and not just to win it once, but to keep on winning it, and to keep on winning it, meant you had to keep on using banned substances to do it?
Armstrong: Yes, but, and I'm not sure that this is an acceptable answer, but that's like saying we have to have air in our tires or we have to have water in our bottles. That was, in my view, part of the job.
Oprah: Are you saying that's how common it was?
Armstrong: Again, my view was that it was. Others will have to attest to that. Again, I don't want to accuse anybody. I don't want to make any excuses for me, but that was my view, and I made those decisions.
Oprah: Are you saying to me that you did not expect or require other top riders, your key guys, to dope in order to reach that team's goal? Would that be your same response today?
Armstrong: No, no.
Oprah: Because?
Armstrong: My responses on most of these things are going to be different today.
Oprah: You and I both know that fame just magnifies whoever you really are. So if you're a jerk, you're a bigger jerk. If you're a humanitarian, you're a bigger humanitarian. So what was going on with you during that time? What did that do?
Armstrong: I think, and I don't know if you pulled those two words out of the air, jerk and humanitarian, I'd say I was both, and we saw both, and now we're seeing certainly more of the jerk part than the activist, the humanitarian, philanthropist, the leader of the foundation. We're seeing that now. I am flawed, deeply flawed. I think we all have our flaws, and if the magnifying glass is normally this week, I made it this week because of my actions and because of my words, and because of my attitude, and my defiance, and I'm paying the price for it. And that I deserve this. I don't look around and go, 'Hey, Oprah, hey, I am screwed here.' Were there days early on when I said that? Absolutely. Those days are fewer and fewer and farther and farther between. Listen, I deserve it.
Oprah: What was for you the flaw or flaws that made you willing to risk it all?
Armstrong: I think this just ruthless desire to win. Win at all costs, truly. Serves me well on the bike, served me well during the disease, but the level that it went to, for whatever reason, is a flaw. Then that defiance, that attitude, that arrogance, you cannot deny it. You watch that clip, that's an arrogant person. I go, look at this arrogant prick. I say that today. It's not good.
Oprah: When you look at (your speech after winning your seventh Tour, in which you call out the skeptics of cycling and seem to rub the win in the faces of those who came out against you) do you feel embarrassed? Do you feel ashamed? Do you feel humble? Tell me what you feel?
Armstrong: I'm definitely embarrassed. Listen, that was the last time I won the Tour de France. That was my last day. I retired immediately after that. That's what you leave with? You can leave with better than that, Lance. That was lame.
Oprah: Was there happiness in winning when you knew that you were taking these banned substances?
Armstrong: There was more happiness in the process, in the build, in the preparation. The winning was almost phoned in. Again, I don't want this issue of performance enhancers to ... again, to me, that was we're going to pump up our tires. We're going to put water in our bottles, and oh, yeah, that too is going to happen. That was it.
Oprah: Was it a big deal to you? Did it feel wrong?
Armstrong: At the time? No.
Oprah: It did not even feel wrong?
Armstrong: No. Scary.
Oprah: Did you feel bad about it?
Armstrong: No. Even scarier.
Oprah: Did you feel in any way that you were cheating?
Armstrong: No. The scariest.
Oprah: You did not feel that you were cheating taking banned drugs?
Armstrong: At the time, no. And I look up, I had this exercise because I kept hearing ... I'm a drug cheat. I'm a cheat. I'm a cheater. And I went in and just looked up the definition of cheat. ... And the definition of cheat is to gain an advantage on a rival or foe that they don't have. I didn't view it that way. I viewed it as a level playing field.
Oprah: But you knew that you were held to a higher standard. You're Lance Armstrong.
Armstrong: I knew that, and of course hindsight is perfect. I know it a thousand times more now. I didn't know what I had. Look at the fallout.
Oprah: What do you mean by you didn't know? I don't think people will understand what you're saying.
Armstrong: Well, I didn't understand the magnitude of that following, and we see it now because this is why it is such ...
Oprah: That's going to be hard for people to believe. When we met a week ago, you said I didn't realize it was this big. I was like, 'How could you not know?' How could you not know it's big? Presidents are calling. You're dating rock stars. Everywhere you go.
Armstrong: You asked me the question, and I said I didn't know, and I didn't. But the important thing is that I'm beginning to understand that, and I'm understanding it not because I see clips and we're talking about this. But I see the anger in people.
Oprah: Anger and disappointment.
Armstrong: And betrayal. ... And it's all there. These are people that supported me, believed in me. Believed me. Not just believed in me, but believed what I was saying. And they have every right to feel betrayed, and it's my fault. ... I will spend the rest of my life -- some people are gone forever. But I'll spend the rest of my life trying to earn back trust and apologize to people for the rest of my life.
Oprah: You said time and again in dozens of interviews that you never failed a test. Do you have a different answer today?
Armstrong: No, I mean, I didn't fail a test. Some stuff was retroactively tested.
Oprah: Yeah, from 1999.
Armstrong: Technically, yes, then those retroactively, I failed those. But the hundreds and hundreds of tests that I took, I passed them, and I passed them because there was nothing in the system.
Oprah: You made a donation to UCI and you said that that donation was about helping their anti-doping efforts. ... Obviously, it was not. Why did you make that donation?
Armstrong: Because they asked me to. There was no deal -- this is impossible for me to answer this question and have anybody believe it -- it was not in exchange for any cover-up. And, again, I am not a fan of the UCI. I have every incentive to sit here and tell you, yes, that's right. They're all crooked. Are there things that were a little shady? That was not one. They called and said they didn't have a lot of money. I was retired. I had money. They said would you consider a donation, and I said sure.
Oprah: What about the story that Emma O'Reilly tells about the cortisone (which Armstrong tested positive for at the 1999 Tour de France) and you having the cortisone backdated (by a team doctor, who claimed Armstrong needed treatment for saddle sores?) Is that true?
Armstrong: That is true. ... Hey, she's one of these people that I have to apologize to. She's one of these people that got run over, got bullied. But I have reached out to her, and tried to make those amends on my own, but it ...
Oprah: This is what doesn't make any sense. When people were saying things ... you would then go on the attack for them. You're suing people, and you know that they're telling the truth. What is that?
Armstrong: It's a major flaw, and it's a guy who expected to get whatever he wanted and to control every outcome. And it's inexcusable. When I say that there are people that will hear this and will never forgive me, I understand that. I do. I have started that process. I think all of this is a process for me. One of the steps of that process is to speak to those people directly, and just say to them that I am sorry, and I was wrong. You were right.
This article first appeared on ESPN.com


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I'm a freelance writer, advocate, and podcast host! I hiked the Appalachian Trail in 2018 and it changed my life. Check out my Podcast, hire me, or read about my adventures!
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"Mr. Popper's Penguins," a mildly amusing flight of fancy for the family crowd, is far better for its penguins than its Popper. Not that Jim Carrey's Mr. Popper is poorly done, per se. But the penguins are perfectly suited for stealing scenes and hearts as they waddle around and completely take over this farce.
There are six of them — Captain, Lovey, Bitey, Nimrod, Stinky and Loudy — named like Snow White's dwarfs for their personality quirks. And despite their elegant white tie and tails look, they wreak a remarkable amount of smile-inducing havoc anywhere their bright orange webbies take them, which is into virtually every corner of Mr. Popper's life.
For director Mark Waters, who peaked early with "Mean Girls" in 2004 and has struggled more than succeeded since, "Mr. Popper's" represents a modest uptick. Screenwriters Sean Anders and John Morris (the pair behind the underappreciated silly splash of "Hot Tub Time Machine") and Jared Stern have taken the bones of the 1938 children's classic by Richard and Florence Atwater — man gets penguins, life is upended, lessons are learned — and gives the film lots of modern problems, maybe one or two too many.
Mr. Popper's base of operation shifts from the country to the big city, New York. He's no longer a lowly house painter but a big-shot Manhattan real estate wheeler-dealer. But at its heart, Mr. Popper's journey of self-discovery has changed, with the movie introducing the notion of and building the film around what it takes to be a good father in these complicated times.
The film begins with a quick flashback of young Tommy Popper getting ham radio dispatches from his world-traveling adventurer father (an absentee dad, in modern parlance). When next we see him, he's grown into a successful exec, with a divorce on the books, the kids every other weekend and his emotions carefully shelved. Yet in his pristine Manhattan penthouse, it's clear to see that he's lonely at the top.
With the news of his father's death comes an unexpected legacy: a penguin. One penguin soon becomes six (it's a shipping issue). Care and feeding proves difficult to say the least. His "p" popping, alliterating assistant Pippi (Ophelia Lovibond) trails along doing what she can. Harder to handle for this corporate climber is Popper's growing affection for the birds and the way they're warming up relations with the family.
The family is an amiable one with Carla Gugino as the former missus more bemused than bitter. Madeline Carroll ("Swing Vote") and Maxwell Perry Cotton are the teen and pre-teen offspring, Janie and Billy, who've been put in charge of general discontent. But you can tell there's a lot of goodwill lingering around the edges since they are charmed by Dad's transformation from uptight to slightly crazy as he converts his apartment into a frigid ice and snow playground for his penguin pack.
There are a couple of outside pressures that keep the action cooking. Popper's acquisition-hungry bosses want Tavern on the Green, and Popper's future is riding on persuading its reluctant society doyenne (Angela Lansbury) to sell. The other is the New York Zoo's "flightless bird specialist" (Craig Gregg), who, in a move reminiscent of "101 Dalmatians," is trying to get his hands on the birds for questionable reasons.
But the-impossible-to-upstage stars are the penguins, a combination of real Gentoos specially trained for the film and some computer-generated counterparts. The special effects gurus blend the two seamlessly, making it easy to believe there was no digital wizardry involved, which is perhaps the niftiest trick of all.
The birds also provide the film's slapstick extremes, with Carrey setting most of his "Dumb and Dumber" aside. Though the biggest action number has the birds crashing a major charity event at the Guggenheim Museum, using its grand spiral ramp for a water slide, the smaller moments are sometimes more satisfying. Like a "quiet" dinner at home, table set, with Popper unfazed by the penguins' fishy mess and atrocious manners.
Ironically, the eye of the storm is a much-toned-down Carrey. It's almost as if he senses that his outsize comic antics have come to irritate more than amuse audiences in recent years. Yet somehow even with six pairs of happy feet and Carrey keeping his rubber-band lips and googly eyes mostly in check, there's a spark missing — that bit of magic that would have made it possible for "Mr. Popper's Penguins" to soar.


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Well the Preview/EXPO season has ended for us on the VBS team and it's time to get back to working on VBS 2013. It has been SO fun meeting and talking with everyone! This last VBS Preview (at FBC Kissimmee) was especially fun for me because my daughter, Sadie, gave me one of her stuff animals (a stuff kangaroo named, Kanga) to take with me. So, I decided to take photos of Kanga on this trip and text them to her.
She THOROUGHLY enjoyed the photos! While I was down at Kissimmee, I was able to go to Downtown Disney, which was especially fun for her because my wife and I are taking her next month (Sadie's 1st time)!
So, here's Kanga's adventures!


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After moving to 7-2, what now for Nebraska?
Each week we'll examine a team that had the most to gain or lose on Saturday. This week: Nebraska. After beating Michigan State 28-24, the Cornhuskers moved to 7-2 overall and 4-1 in Big Ten play. With wins over both Michigan and Michigan State, Nebraska merely needs to hold serve to win the Legends Division championship. What now for the Cornhuskers?
Help the Big Ten, Nebraska. You're the conference's only hope.
Michigan is 6-3, having lost the season opener to Alabama and dropped games to Notre Dame and the Cornhuskers.
Michigan State, now 5-5, is one of the great disappointments in all of college football. The defense has been superb. Unfortunately, the Spartans' offense has been lacking all season.
KLEIN INJURED: Kansas State QB leaves game with an injury
Wisconsin, which has represented the Big Ten in each of the last two Rose Bowls, is 6-3. Worse yet, the Badgers' quarterback position remains a significant concern.
Penn State is ineligible for the postseason. So is Ohio State, which is now 10-0 after beating Illinois on Saturday.
Outside of the Buckeyes, Nebraska and Northwestern are the only two Big Ten teams with less than three losses. With Nebraska owning the head-to-head tiebreaker with the Wildcats, the Cornhuskers are the Big Ten's last true shot at national relevance.
TWITTER ANGER: Michigan State's angry about calls on Twitter
If the Cornhuskers run the table in the regular season, it will head into the conference title game at 10-2 and in the top 15 in the both polls (and, most of all, the BCS standings). If Nebraska can then get past Wisconsin, it will move to the Rose Bowl with a chance at finishing among the top 10.
Basically, Nebraska stands as the Big Ten's last hope for some degree of national relevance. What do the Cornhuskers need to do in order to run the table on the road to Pasadena?
1. Get Rex Burkhead healthy. The Cornhuskers have found a future star in sophomore Ameer Abdullah, who gained 110 yards on 22 carries against the Spartans. Come next season, Abdullah will have likely put in enough work in the weight room to be the tough-running, short-yardage-converting back this offense demands.
SURVIVAL: Top four teams remain unbeaten, barely
But the Cornhuskers desperately need to get Burkhead back in the fold. The senior's ability to slide into tight spots, moving the chains on third down or scoring near the goal line, separates him from nearly every other back in college football.
With Burkhead back, Nebraska becomes an even more potent team inside the red zone. And combining Burkhead and Abdullah might open up even more running lanes for quarterback Taylor Martinez, who rushed for 205 yards and 2 touchdowns in Saturday's win.
2. Force more turnovers. After a very rough start to the season, culminating with an ugly loss at Ohio State, Bo Pelini and defensive coordinator John Papuchis decided to bring this defense back to basics.
Since streamlining their game plan, the Cornhuskers have climbed into the top 30 nationally in yards allowed per game. Not coincidentally, the Cornhuskers head into Saturday's game against Penn State having won three games in a row.
But one area where this defense is still lacking is in forcing turnovers. Nebraska forced two in the win over the Spartans, but it still ranks in the bottom fourth of the FBS in total takeaways. Looking ahead to games against Penn State and a potential rematch against Wisconsin, it's vital that the Cornhuskers do a better job forcing opponents into costly mistakes.
3. Never quit. This shouldn't be a problem for Nebraska. On Sept. 29, the Cornhuskers overcame a 20-3 deficit to beat Wisconsin 30-27. On Oct. 20, the Cornhuskers trailed Northwestern 28-16 with six minutes left but came back to win 29-28. Nebraska overcame a 10-point deficit in its 29-28 win over Michigan State.
DIGGING DEEP: Miles digs into his ear for answers
For the majority of Pelini's tenure with the program, Nebraska has been defined by its inability to weather the storm – you could write this team off almost every team it encountered any adversity. This makes Nebraska's newfound never-quit mentality one of the most unexpected developments to come out of this year's Big Ten.
There's a very good chance that Nebraska will encounter another second-half deficit at some point over the season's final month. Based on the last few weeks, the Cornhuskers will respond well to adversity.
If Nebraska doesn't run the table, the Big Ten will send a team with three or more losses to the Rose Bowl – and that wouldn't be good for the conference.


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BANNER ELK, N.C. --- Jacquise Moore (Concord, N.C.) poured in a team-high 24 points to lead the Lees-McRae College men's basketball team on Saturday afternoon in the final game of the 2013 Americourt Hotels Basketball Classic, as Bluefield State College rallied from a 47-37 halftime deficit for a narrow 79-77 victory.
Bluefield State (1-6) posted a field goal percentage of 41.7 percent in the contest, including a 42.9 percent clip in the second half, while holding Lees-McRae (3-4) to a mark of 35.5 percent in the final 20 minutes. The Bobcats won the battle on the glass by a 51-39 margin, including a 20-15 advantage on the defensive boards, as Bluefield State converted 23 Bobcat miscues into 32 points.
Moore paced the Bobcats with a 7-for-10 day from the floor, knocking down four three-pointers while adding six rebounds, four assists, and three steals. Raul Tutton (Memphis, Tenn.) added 12 points and seven boards, while Darryl Bond (Nashville, Tenn.) posted game-highs of 14 rebounds and three blocks.
Shakir Dunning led the way for Bluefield State with a game-high 29 points, hitting 10-of-20 shots from the floor while adding three assists. Treon Claiborne and Remar Brothers chipped in 20 and 15 points, respectively, as Claiborne and Avery Holliday each dished out a game-high five assists. Samuel Ouedraogo tallied team-highs of 13 rebounds and two blocks.
The Bobcats opened the first half with an 11-8 run, capping the spurt with an emphatic put-back dunk by Moore at the 15:48 mark. Lees-McRae continued to push the tempo over the next several minutes, stretching the margin to 25-15 on a jumper from DeAndre Tillman (Charlotte, N.C.) with 9:46 left in the half.
Bluefield State would answer with a 10-2 spurt, trimming the margin to 27-25 on a Dunning lay-in before Lees-McRae countered, launching a 15-6 run to push the advantage to 42-31 following a Tutton triple at the 1:39 mark. The Blues closed the half with six of the period's final 11 points, trimming the margin to 47-37 at the intermission after back-to-back treys from Dunning.
The Bobcats responded in the second half, opening the period with an 18-11 run to push the advantage to 65-48 following a layup by Chase Arnold (Kingsport, Tenn.) with 12:01 to go. Bluefield State battled back over the next six minutes, closing the gap to 70-66 with an 18-5 surge that was capped by back-to-back triples from Dunning at the 5:46 mark.
After Darius Smith (Woodbridge, Va.) converted a pair of freebies, the Blues countered with a 10-2 run to claim their first lead since the opening moments of the first half, taking a 76-74 advantage on a lay-in by Dunning with 1:36 left on the clock.
Dunning would push the margin to 78-74 with two free throws before Moore answered for the Bobcats, knocking down a clutch triple with eight ticks remaining to pull Lees-McRae within one at 78-77. Bluefield completed the rally with an Antoine Bryant freebie, equaling the final margin of 79-77with the front end of the two-shot foul before Smith's buzzer-beating effort fell inches off the mark for the Bobcats.
Lees-McRae will return to the court after the Thanksgiving holiday, traveling to Jefferson City, Tenn. on Monday, December 2 to take on Carson-Newman University in non-conference play at 7 p.m.


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To maintain health, we need a diversity of vitamins, minerals, bioflavonoids, and other nutrients. Although we receive many of these nutrients from our diets, it's impractical and virtually impossible to obtain an optimal dose through diet alone.
USANA understands the importance of providing the right ingredients - in the correct amounts, in the right balance, and in the correct forms - for all age groups. For this reason, USANA has created Essentials to provide the most well-rounded supplementation possible - a must for everyone interested in true health.
If you are looking for one product that contains a complementary array of nutrients to maintain good health, then the HealthPak 100™ is for you. This powerful formulation includes the Essentials™ with Olivol® and some powerful Optimizers, including Active Calcium™ and the exclusive AO Booster™. The HealthPak 100™ was formulated to support a healthy heart, healthy bones and joints, healthy eyes, and healthy lungs.*
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Keep out of reach of children. Consult your physician if you are pregnant, nursing, taking a prescription drug, or have a medical condition.


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This most recent paper on creating a real-time feedback loop to enable the truly consumer driven company is a follow-on to the previous paper I shared this blog on consumer driven innovation. It explains the challenge of getting closer to what people want, and how technology can help in creating a consumer-focused process for continuous improvement of the things that matter most to people. I mention the Net Promoter Score, and how we at the LEGO Group are increasingly moving towards a 'live' environment where we want to learn from what consumers think in real-time wherever possible. I further delve into some interesting research by McKinsey on how the consumer decision journey is changing in the advent of social media and lastly, the kind of internal leadership required to make a consistent focus on consumer experience a priority. Hope you enjoy it and of course, curious to hear any comments!
Both my papers are made available on a creative commons license so you are free to read, distribute, modify as long as you give credit appropriately, share alike and resist the temptation to charge people for your handiwork.
Download the paper here:Using technology to drive strategic improvement in consumer experience.pdf
photo credit: JefferyTurner via photopin cc


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Part Number:EG-CR6804
Item Size:4.5" x 6.25"
Morgan Card by Embossed Graphics
The Morgan Card offers an inventive design. Printed in the same raised-ink color, the monogram is toned back, while the name is in full-on color. Triple-thick paper in your choice of white or ivory. Comes with 50 Pinnacle pointed-flap envelopes.
Ideal For:adult flat note cards, correspondence cards, personalized stationery
When Will I Get My Order?View Delivery Times
Have Questions About Our Products & Services?View Our FAQs
Paper Thickness:18 point card stock; 140 lb. cover
Printing Method:Raised Ink
Min. Order Quantity:50
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Processing Time:Approximately 2-3 business days
Ships From:Illinois


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Aaron Glantz: The War Comes Home
Date: 6/1/2009; 58 minutes
How does America treat its veterans? An independent journalist specializing in the impacts of war, Aaron Glantz, provides a devastating indictment of the Bush administration for its blatant neglect of soldiers and its disingenuous reneging on their benefits. (#16609)
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COLUMBUS, Ohio - A Columbus sports talk-show host who tweeted he wished ESPN's Desmond Howard would get fired or die has been suspended by his station.
Dave Van Stone, president and general manager of WBNS 97.1 The Fan, confirmed Tuesday that Scott Torgerson has been suspended indefinitely for the tweet. WBNS is an ESPN affiliate and the flagship station for Ohio State athletics.
Torgerson tweeted over the weekend that he wished Howard, a former Heisman Trophy winner at Ohio State's chief rival Michigan, would get fired or die so Torgerson could again watch ESPN's College GameDay.
Kirk Herbstreit, a former Ohio State player who is a college football analyst on ESPN with Howard, blasted Torgerson during his own WBNS program. Herbstreit said the tweet was "disgusting and very sad" and "crossed a line."


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I hadn't seen this before. Nice job Jason.
Skiboardmagazine.com | Beginner Guide
Beginner's Guide
Whether you're thinking of picking up skiboarding or simply want to know what the hell this is all about well then this is the guide for you. We'll do our best to let you know the in's and out's of skiboarding basics.
What is a/are skiboards?
There is no definition per say of what is a skiboard, and there are many schools of though, here is what we think is most appropriate; Skiboards are skis which are roughly one meter in length, and generally are wider and more symmetrical than regular skis. What do you do with these? Well you slide down snowy hills, runs or mountains of course. There short length makes them quick and nimble which makes them particularly great in glades and in the terrain park, but they can be used anywhere.
Is it easier than regular skiing?
Because of the short length the learning curve for the basics is defiantly easier to get down than skiing. But once you get into more high performance areas like big jumps and deep powder riding, its actually a little trickier because of their short length. Beginner's should be really careful, statistically, most accidents happen in skiboarding during your first day of skiboard, when over confident people try to go over their limits from the false impression they get that the sport is "easy".
Is this a safe sport?
Any sport you do comes with its risks for injury. Some people get a false perception that skiboarding in unsafe because of the wide spread use of non-releasable bindings, and myth and stories they hear of people trying them out and getting hurt. Truth is, statistically, skiboarding is the safest snow sport, with less injuries percentage wise than other snow sports. Like mentioned before however, beginner's are especially susceptible to injuries, because they feel over confident from the short learning curve, and ride beyond their abilities. The most common form of injury for skiboarders are lower-leg injuries.
Non-releasable bindings?
Because of the short length, skiboards give less leverage, and therefore use of non-releasable bindings is generally safe, and widespread. If you are concerned about twisting a leg and getting injured, there are releasable binding options.
4×4 and 4×10
This is the standard insert pattern (where the screws are placed) for skiboards and skiboard bindings. Most skiboards will have these, but not all. Lower end skiboard usually won't have this. 4×4 means the screws are set 4 cm apart from each other, and are used for non-releasable bindings and on skiboards under 110 cm long. 4×10 is used by skiboards over 110 cm, for use with releasable bindings. This is because over 110 cm there is a bigger risk of injury with non-releasable bindings.
What does "setting back" mean?
Most skiboards generally ride best when the center of your boot is aligned with the center of you bindings, which is aligned with the deepest part of the sidecut of your boards. However, setting the bindings back, by moving the boot towards the rear of the skiboards is going to provide some more "lift" when riding soft snow and powder. You can set back the bails on your bindings, some bindings also have a set back feature on them. The new Revel8 KTP also have and extra set of inserts, so all you have to do is mount your bindings on the rear inserts. Some people have said that some boards ride better with a slight set-back, regardless of the center of the sidecut. The best way is to find out is to experiment a little yourself!


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Hi Everyone,
I am so super sprung on spring that I can hardly stand it! I hope you are soaking up the pre-too-hot weather and having some fun outside.
So, I taught a class last week and made these little bites of really beautiful deliciousness and thought it would be good to share: radish and butter sandwiches. Gross, right? NO! It sounds a little gross but, it is one of those classic combinations that sticks around for a reason. Food need not be complicated to impress. I promise this will delight and it seriously couldn't be any easier. You will slice bread, put butter on it, slice radishes and arrange them all pretty on the bread, then sprinkle with salt and you are done! I recommend a good crusty french loaf for the bread, a high quality butter and a variety of radishes. Boggy Creek has Easter radishes galore right now and I even got my hands on the supermodel of the radish world, the watermelon variety, at the SFC market at the Triangle. Any time I see these beauties I load up. They bring a show-off glamor to anything they touch. But, I couldn't stop with radishes. At the cooking class my friend's dad told us how people sometimes sub strawberries for radishes in the South. What tha? Well, my friend bravely served these with a leaf of basil and it ruled in the most unsuspecting way. Mine features Pure Luck chevre and cracked black pepper and I want more of it right now. The third keeps going in the pink/red pretty direction. I put a little Pure Luck Sainte Maure on bread and topped it with a thinly sliced beet and a drizzle of balsamic. So good!!!
Here is what I propose: if you are having people over for dinner or are invited to a potluck or just want a really fun and pretty treat make one or all of these. They are quick, you don't have to turn the oven on, they are knock-outs and delicious. So there. Do it!
Recipe (assembly)
1 baguette
mixed radishes sliced thin
good salt, I like Maldon for this
Slice the bread, spread it with butter, arrange radishes, sprinkle with salt. DONE!
strawberries, sliced thin
salt and pepper
On slices of baguette spread chevre (butter is great here too), top with basil then strawberries and sprinkle with salt and cracked black pepper.
roasted beet sliced thin
Sainte Maure or blue cheese
balsamic vinegar, an aged one would be out of this world here
Top bread with cheese, arrange beet slices up on there then drizzle with balsamic sprinkle with salt and pepper. Does anyone else out there want to spell balsamic b-a-l-s-a-L-m-i-c? Cause I do and have been this whole post.
Challenge Update
Oh man, yall. The 6 month mark sent me and Jo into a tailspin. There is something about having just as long to go that made it particularly hard. Its like Wednesday, but worse. During this time my cooking got really boring, I'm pretty sure that for two weeks we subsisted on cheese, eggs and tortillas alone. We very seriously considered calling off the last 6 months of the challenge, but dug deep and are now on the downhill swing of it. We are feeling much better. During the really tough time my friend Stephanie wrote this on her fantastic blog and gave us the fuel to stay strong and get through it. We have less than 5 months left now and cooking is fun again. I'm frying catfish my Dad caught tonight, how bad can it be? It was touch and go there for a couple of weeks, but we are doing this thing and it is good and it really is fun!
In other personal news, I have spent the better part of this year putting together a grain burger company. The last couple of weeks have been the busiest and the HOT DANG, an all good all grain burger will be in stores and a few very special restaurants VERY soon! Apologies for the space between this post and the last. Much love for the support of friends, family and readers!
Thank you, thank you for reading,
Not That Martha


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Why Windows 8 Is a Huge Gamble for Microsoft
Windows 8 officially goes on sale this fall, but Microsoft has made its next-generation operating system available online for anyone who wants a sneak peek at the future of Windows. With a slick new interface of touchable, customizable tiles, the new Metro interface is built to help Microsoft compete in the fast growing tablet market. Apple's tablet hegemony is indisputable at this point, but it doesn't owe anything to the iOS's endless field of icons. In this play for tablet relevancy, however, Microsoft risks alienating its traditional base of desktop and laptop users. Because, as cool as Metro is, it kind of sucks without a touch screen.
Here in our labs, we have loaded the pre-release version of Windows 8 on laptops, desktops, convertible tablets, and all-in-ones. Just for fun, we even loaded it on a MacBook Air. It is remarkably stable, although as you would expect, it is short on drivers and you hit the occasional beta glitch. My only frustration is that using a mouse and keyboard seems awkward.
There are ways to open up an interface that is close to the Windows 7 experience, yet Microsoft doesn't make it easy to find. The software is months away from release and there are already dozens of online tutorials on "How to get the Classic Start Menu in Windows 8." Not a good sign.
If your system doesn't have a touch screen, Microsoft hopes you will use your laptop touchpad to swipe through the Metro interface. The drivers for this are still being worked on, but it doesn't seem like an ideal interface to me. It also doesn't solve the problem for traditional desktop users who will still use a keyboard and mouse.
Obviously, Microsoft wants PC vendors to build as many touch-sensitive laptops and desktops as possible. In the desktop space, you can already see the trend; all-in-ones are among the fastest growing segments. But do we really want touch-sensitive laptops? I can see a market for a convertible laptop/tablet hybrids, but I don't want a touch screen on my laptop. The ergonomics are all off.
The Old Look at the Touch of a Button
The solution here is simple: give users one-button access to the existing Windows 7 desktop. Make Metro the default, but let users hit a button to get back to the interface Microsoft has spent the last 10 years training us to use. That way, Windows 8 could be presented as an upgrade that takes nothing away from existing Windows 7 users. Users would have an easy way to get back to an interface that was optimized for the keyboard and mouse.
Unfortunately, it doesn't seem like Microsoft is going to do that. The company is betting everything on Metro and seems to believe that users need to be forced into the new paradigm—whether they have a tablet, laptop, or traditional desktop. It doesn't want Windows 8 to be an incremental upgrade; it wants to push past the desktop interface altogether and create something that can span a smartphone, tablet, laptop, and even the TV via an Xbox 360. For that, it needs to be bold.
And Microsoft may be right. I can't imagine Apple would ever hedge and give users access to an older interface just to make them more comfortable. Apple forces its users to adopt new interfaces all the time and users love the company for it.
Then again, Apple still has very different interfaces for its touch-screen and non-touch-screen devices. And at the moment, it hasn't put a touch screen on any of its MacBooks or iMacs.
Follow me on Twitter! http://twitter.com/dancosta
More Dan Costa:
'Autonomy' Documentary Director: Don't Fear Our Self-Driving Future
Moovit Helps 300M People Catch Their Bus Every Day
Adobe's Scott Belsky on the 'Creative Professional' Evolution
Tech Addiction Nation
The Ups and Downs of Quantifying Your Life


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Listen to a new track by Damon & Naomi, illustrated by film maker Chris Marker and exclusive to The Wire.
"And You Are There" is off of Damon & Naomi's forthcoming album False Beats And True Hearts, out 9 May on Broken Horse. They'll be supporting the release with a coast to coast tour of the States in May and June (a London date is in the pipeline) details on this will be posted on their site shortly.
Naomi sent us the message below to accompany the video:
"This song is about the way time can compress when you are lost in a memory, something I have learned a lot about from Chris Marker's work – his films (La Jetée, Sans Soleil), his writing (Immemory), his photographs.
When the song was finished, I sent it to Chris with a note – since his work had provided inspiration for the song, I wondered, might he in turn have a visual response to it? He sent back this image, with the note:
"Dunno if it fits your pretty Proustian melancholy, but I thought it could... And thanks for linking me to music, the only real art for me as you know (cinema? you kiddin'...)"
"And You Are There"
Like the sunlight falling through a fence
The image comes and goes
Memories flickering within me
Where they are I don't know
An orange light, a flash of white
Feel the sun, hear that sound within me
The past is but a moving image
It reappears then disappears
And though I can't understand its movements
It erases all those years
An orange light, a flash of white
Feel the sun, hear that sound within me
And you are there once again
What I carry deep inside me
These feelings come and go
The past I thought was so distant
Flickers like an afterglow
And you are there once again
— Naomi Yang, 2011


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|Julia's mom drove her 2 1/2 hours to come to the Mamacita Holiday Show
|Julia (13) didn't know when they set off on Sunday morning that she was going to meet me!
Julia's favorite passage from the book (she circled it!) is on page 21, under Time to Play:
"...I've seen plenty of blank journals. We don't often get the opportunity to see the journals that are just started and brimming with promise, half-full and beginning to splay. full to bursting, spilling over with bits of paper, overflowing with color, words, images ... .
If you go through one of my journals, you will find incomplete pages, messy ugly pages, beautiful pages. Pages full of writing and some with art. ... In this way, a journal imitates life. It is not a TV family or an ad with a successful woman wearing great boots. It is wabi-sabi; beautiful and dying; ugly and alive. It has a true, deep beauty like a woman over 50."
Thank you Julia and your mom/chauffeur.
Also ... a beautiful show.


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satchel needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 171 designs submitted by 76 freelance designers.
The company name is: 1080 Web . The logo itself will be a reflection of a premium quality, high-end production company – clean, smart, and elegant.
Desired Color Scheme:
Open - But leaning towards deeper tones
Desired Style:
Clean and Smart
Accepted File Formats:
Standard Web Formats (.jpg, .gif or .png); Vector Formats (.eps, .pdf or .ai); Layered Formats (.psd or .tiff)
1080 Web is turnkey production company that provides high-end video and photographic elements for use on web sites. Working with ad agencies and web design firms, 1080 Web brings a cinematic experience to the web. (Note: The "Web" portion of the name can be featured less prominently than the 1080. Thanks!)
We are open to colors, but leaning towards deeper, richer, colors. The logo should also be able to be used as a single color for some applications.
This logo can be as simple as an elegant and beautiful use of text/font. Here are some sample production companies to give you and idea of our production aesthetic.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Beds: 4
Baths: 3
Half Baths: 0
SqFt: 2270
Base Price: $373,000
Fiber Cement Siding (per plans)
30 Year Dimensional roof shingles with Ridge Vents
Professionally designed landscape plans
2 exterior water hydrants
Carport with Storage Closet
Driveway, patios, & decks per site plan
Hard-Surface Flooring in Living Room, Kitchen, Breakfast, Dining, Foyer, Powder Room, and Main Level Hallways (per plan)
Tile flooring (Level 1-2) in laundry and baths per selections
Carpet in all Bedrooms, and Upstairs Lofts
Ceiling Heights per plan (10' Down, 9' Up)
Decorative Riverside interior doors
Oil Rubbed Bronze Decorative Door Hardware
1x8 Baseboards (main)/1x4 Baseboards (2nd Level) / 3 ½" Backband Door Casing
7" Cove Crown Molding in Foyer, Dining Room, Living Room, Kitchen, and Master Bedroom
36" Ventless Fireplace with Gas Logs (optional)
Stained Cabinets w/ Granite Tops
Drop in sinks w/ Chrome Delta Faucets
Framed Mirror
Garden Tub w/ Tumbled Marble Surround / Tile Shower
Stained Cabinets w/ Granite Tops
Drop in Sinks w/ Chrome Delta Faucets
Pedestal sink in Powder Rooms
Fiberglass Tub/Shower
Plate Glass Mirrors
Stained Cabinets w/ Granite Countertops
Level 1-2 Backsplash
Big Bowl / Small Bowl Stainless Undermount Sink
G.E. 30" Gas Range
G.E. Stainless Microwave Hood
G.E. Stainless Dishwasher
Plugs placed per Building Code
2 Exterior Flood Lights
2 Exterior Plug Outlets
Wired Smoke Detectors per Code
Cable Outlet in each Bedroom, Living Room, and Study
2 Telephone Outlets
Ceiling Fan w/ Light Fixtures in Living Room & Master Bedroom
Guest Bedrooms pre-wired for Ceiling Fans
Recessed Lighting in kitchen and master bath (per plans)
13 SEER Gas Furnace
Zoned HVAC System for 2 Story plans
50 Gallon Gas Water Heater
R-13 Exterior Wall Insulation
R-19 Sloped Ceiling Insulation
R-30 Blown In Attic Insulation
Sprayed Closed Cell Insulation under house
Plan Review Meeting
Decorator Review Meetings
Framing Walk Through (prior to sheetrock)
Homeowner Orientation Walk Through
Final Walk Through Check-Off


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I expect that many of you are aware of the global economic situation. Developed economies around the world are reeling. Food prices around the globe have skyrocketed. Businesses are struggling.
Non-profits are laying people off, cutting back programs and scrambling for donations. The world seems dark.
So, how will we respond?
We will not shrink back in the face of adversity. God has called us to be an advocate for children in poverty, and the children need our voice to ring strong and clear when speaking out on their behalf.
We know that when the rich of the world catch a cold, the poor get pneumonia. When the well-off suffer, the poor die. The world needs light now more than ever.
Nonetheless, economics are a reality.
You, our sponsors and donors around the world, are feeling the financial strain already and will likely feel this for months, if not years, to come. So, what do we expect the impact on Compassion to be?
Truthfully, only God knows. But we know that in the end God will prevail.
We know that He will be faithful to His word and to His promises and so, with God's help, we will prevail. Things may not go exactly according to our plans, but I am confident that God will continue to allow us to help more and more children in a deeper and more profound way, despite the economic and food crises.
In our Executive Group devotions the other day, my co-worker Laurie shared from Isaiah 42 and I think it was Scripture meant for all of us.
Since we are to be Christ in this world, read the passage below knowing that Compassion is God's servant:
"Here is my servant, whom I uphold, my chosen one in whom I delight; I will put my Spirit on him and he will bring justice to the nations. …He will not falter or be discouraged till he establishes justice on earth. …I, the Lord, have called you in righteousness; I will take hold of your hand. I will keep you and will make you to be a covenant for the people and a light for the Gentiles. …I will turn the darkness into light before them and make the rough places smooth. These are the things I will do; I will not forsake them." (VS. 1, 4, 6, 16, NIV).
So, be encouraged. We are all in the palm of God's hand, and as we pray for the children one million children around the world are praying for us.


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Chief Scout Executive
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
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[[Category:Professional Scouting Positions]]
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Revision as of 13:36, August 11, 2012
The Chief Scout Executive is the top-ranking professional Scouter of the Boy Scouts of America. This is the only professional title routinely capitalized.
The Chief Scout Executive is responsible for providing staff leadership and direction to more than 3,500 Scouting professionals in the National Council and local councils throughout the 50 states, its territories, protectorates, and the U.S. citizens around the world.
On September 1, Robert "Bob" Mazzuca became the Boy Scouts of America's Chief Scout Executive. Mazzuca, an Eagle Scout who has served in progressively more responsible positions with the BSA for 36 years, provides general direction of administrative work of the BSA. He replaced Roy Williams, who announced his retirement after seven years as Chief Scout Executive.