text:
Difference between revisions of "Unified Extensible Firmware Interface"
(update as discussed in Help_talk:Style/Article_summary_templates#Deprecation_of_summaries_and_overviews)
m (eheh...)
|Line 9:
|Line 9:
{{Related|Master Boot Record}}
{{Related|Master Boot Record}}
{{Related|GUID Partition Table}}
{{Related|GUID Partition Table}}
'''Unified Extensible Firmware Interface''' (or UEFI for short) is a new type of firmware that was initially designed by Intel (known as EFI then) mainly for its Itanium based systems. It introduces new ways of booting an OS that is distinct from the commonly used "[[MBR]] boot code" method followed for [[Wikipedia:BIOS|BIOS]] systems. It started as Intel's EFI in versions 1.x and then a group of companies called the UEFI Forum took over its development from which it was called Unified EFI starting with version 2.0. As of 24 July 2013, UEFI Specification 2.4 (released July 11, 2013) is the most recent version.
'''Unified Extensible Firmware Interface''' (or UEFI for short) is a new type of firmware that was initially designed by Intel (known as EFI then) mainly for its Itanium based systems. It introduces new ways of booting an OS that is distinct from the commonly used "[[MBR]] boot code" method followed for [[Wikipedia:BIOS|BIOS]] systems. It started as Intel's EFI in versions 1.x and then a group of companies called the UEFI Forum took over its development from which it was called Unified EFI starting with version 2.0. As of 24 July 2013, UEFI Specification 2.4 (released July 11, 2013) is the most recent version.
Revision as of 11:10, 16 November 2013
zh-CN:Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (or UEFI for short) is a new type of firmware that was initially designed by Intel (known as EFI then) mainly for its Itanium based systems. It introduces new ways of booting an OS that is distinct from the commonly used "MBR boot code" method followed for BIOS systems. It started as Intel's EFI in versions 1.x and then a group of companies called the UEFI Forum took over its development from which it was called Unified EFI starting with version 2.0. As of 24 July 2013, UEFI Specification 2.4 (released July 11, 2013) is the most recent version.
- This page explains What is UEFI and UEFI support in Linux kernel. It does not describe setting up UEFI Boot Loaders. For that information see Boot Loaders.
- Unless specified as EFI 1.x, EFI and UEFI terms are used interchangeably to denote UEFI 2.x firmware. Also unless stated explicitly, these instructions are general and some of them may not work or may be different in Apple Macs. Apple's EFI implementation is neither a EFI 1.x version nor UEFI 2.x version but mixes up both. This kind of firmware does not fall under any one (U)EFI specification and therefore is not a standard UEFI firmware.
- 3 Linux Kernel Config options for UEFI
- 4 UEFI Variables
- 5 EFI System Partition
- 6 UEFI Shell
- 7 UEFI Linux Hardware Compatibility
- 8 UEFI Bootable Media
- 9 Testing UEFI in systems without native support
- 10 Troubleshooting
- 11 See also
A BIOS or Basic Input-Output System is the very first program (firmware) that is executed once the system is switched on. In most cases it is stored in a flash memory in the motherboard itself and independent of the system storage. BIOS launches the first 440 bytes (Master Boot Record) of the first disk in the BIOS disk order. Since very little can be achieved by a program that fits into the 440-byte boot code area, usually a common boot loader like GRUB or Syslinux or LILO would be loaded by the BIOS, and it would load an operating system by either chain-loading or directly loading the kernel. See Arch Boot Process for more details.
UEFI has support for reading both the partition table as well as understanding filesystems. Hence it is not limited by 440 byte code limitation (MBR boot code) as in BIOS systems. It does not use the MBR boot code at all.
The commonly used UEFI firmwares support both MBR and GPT partition table. EFI in Apple-Intel Macs are known to also support Apple Partition Map besides MBR and GPT. Most UEFI firmwares have support for accessing FAT12 (floppy disks), FAT16 and FAT32 filesystems in HDDs and ISO9660 (and UDF) in CD/DVDs. EFI in Intel Macs can also access HFS/HFS+ filesystems, in addition to the mentioned ones.
UEFI does not launch any boot code in the MBR whether it exists or not. Instead it uses a special partition in the partition table called EFI System Partition in which files required to be launched by the firmware are stored. Each vendor can store its files under
<EFI SYSTEM PARTITION>/EFI/<VENDOR NAME>/ folder and can use the firmware or its shell (UEFI shell) to launch the boot program. An EFI System Partition is usually formatted as FAT32 or (less commonly) FAT16.
Under UEFI, every program whether it is an OS loader or a utility (e.g. a memory testing app or recovery tool), should be a UEFI Application corresponding to the EFI firmware bitness/architecture. The vast majority of UEFI firmwares, including recent Apple Macs, use x86_64 EFI firmware. The only known devices that use IA32 (32-bit) EFI are older (pre 2008) Apple Macs, some Intel Cloverfield ultrabooks and some older Intel Server boards are known to operate on Intel EFI 1.10 firmware.
An x86_64 EFI firmware does not include support for launching 32-bit EFI apps (unlike x86_64 Linux and Windows versions which include such support). Therefore the UEFI application must be compiled for that specific firmware processor bitness/architecture.
Boot Process under UEFI
- System switched on - Power On Self Test, or POST process.
- UEFI firmware is loaded. Firmware initializes the hardware required for booting.
- Firmware then reads its Boot Manager data to determine which UEFI application to be launched and from where (i.e. from which disk and partition).
- Firmware then launches the UEFI application as defined in the boot entry in the firmware's boot manager.
- The launched UEFI application may launch another application (in case of UEFI Shell or a boot manager like rEFInd) or the kernel and initramfs (in case of a boot loader like GRUB) depending on how the UEFI application was configured.
<EFI SYSTEM PARTITION>/EFI/boot/bootx64.efi (for 64-bit x86 system)
Multibooting in UEFI
Since each OS or vendor can maintain its own files within the EFI System Partition without affecting the other, multi-booting using UEFI is just a matter of launching a different UEFI application corresponding to the particular OS's bootloader. This removes the need for relying on chainloading mechanisms of one boot loader to load another to switch OSes.
Booting Microsoft Windows
64-bit Windows Vista (SP1+), Windows 7 and Windows 8 versions support booting using x86_64 EFI firmware. Windows forces type of partitioning depending on the firmware used, i.e. if Windows is booted in UEFI mode, it can be installed only to a GPT disk. If the Windows is booted in Legacy BIOS mode, it can be installed only to a MBR disk. This is a limitation enforced by Windows installer. Thus Windows supports either UEFI-GPT boot or BIOS-MBR boot only, not UEFI-MBR or BIOS-GPT boot.
Such a limitation is not enforced by the Linux kernel, but can depend on how the bootloader is configured. The Windows limitation should be considered if the user wishes to boot Windows and Linux from the same disk, since setting up the bootloader itself depends on the firmware type and disk partitioning used. In case where Windows and Linux dual boot from the same disk, it is advisable to follow the method used by Windows, either go for UEFI-GPT boot or BIOS-MBR boot only, not the other two cases.
32-bit Windows versions only support BIOS-MBR booting. So, in case of Linux and 32-bit Windows booting from the same disk, the disk has to use MBR. See http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2581408 for more info.
Detecting UEFI Firmware bitness
Non Macs
Check whether the dir
/sys/firmware/efi exists, if it exists it means the kernel has booted in EFI mode. In that case the UEFI bitness is same as kernel bitness. (ie. i686 or x86_64)
Apple Macs
Pre-2008 Macs mostly have i386-efi firmware while >=2008 Macs have mostly x86_64-efi. All Macs capable of running Mac OS X Snow Leopard 64-bit Kernel have x86_64 EFI 1.x firmware.
To find out the arch of the efi firmware in a Mac, type the following into the Mac OS X terminal:
ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi
If the command returns EFI32 then it is IA32 (32-bit) EFI firmware. If it returns EFI64 then it is x86_64 EFI firmware. Most of the Macs do not have UEFI 2.x firmware as Apple's EFI implementation is not fully compliant with UEFI 2.x Specification.
Linux Kernel Config options for UEFI
The required Linux Kernel configuration options for UEFI systems are :
CONFIG_RELOCATABLE=y CONFIG_EFI=y CONFIG_EFI_STUB=y CONFIG_FB_EFI=y CONFIG_FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE=y
UEFI Runtime Variables Support (efivarfs filesystem -
/sys/firmware/efi/efivars). This option is important as this is required to manipulate UEFI Runtime Variables using tools like
/usr/bin/efibootmgr. The below config option has been added in kernel 3.10 and above.
UEFI Runtime Variables Support (old efivars sysfs interface -
/sys/firmware/efi/vars). This option should be disabled.
GUID Partition Table GPT config option - mandatory for UEFI support
Retrieved from https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/plain/Documentation/x86/x86_64/uefi.txt .
UEFI Variables
UEFI defines variables through which an operating system can interact with the firmware. UEFI Boot Variables are used by the boot-loader and used by the OS only for early system start-up. UEFI Runtime Variables allow an OS to manage certain settings of the firmware like the UEFI Boot Manager or managing the keys for UEFI Secure Boot Protocol etc. You can get the list using
$ efivar -l
UEFI Variables Support in Linux Kernel
Linux kernel exposes EFI variables data to userspace via 2 interfaces:
- OLD sysfs-efivars interface (CONFIG_EFI_VARS) - populated by
efivarskernel module at
/sys/firmware/efi/vars- 1024 byte maximum per-variable data size limitation, no UEFI Secure Boot variables support (due to the size limitation) and not recommended by kernel upstream anymore. Still supported by kernel upstream but completely disabled in Arch's official kernels.
- NEW efivarfs (EFI VARiable FileSystem) interface (CONFIG_EFIVAR_FS) - mounted using
efivarfskernel module at
/sys/firmware/efi/efivars- replacement for the OLD sysfs-efivars interface, has no maximum per-variable size limitation, supports UEFI Secure Boot variables and recommended by kernel upstream. Introduced in kernel 3.8 and NEW
efivarfsmodule split from OLD
efivarskernel module in kernel 3.10 .
Inconsistency between efivarfs and sysfs-efivars
Enabling both OLD sysfs-efivars and NEW efivarfs can cause data inconsistency issues (see See https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/4/16/473 for more info). Due to this OLD sysfs-efivars is completely disabled in Arch's official kernels (since core/linux-3.11 and core/linux-lts-3.10) and only NEW efivarfs is enabled/supported going forward. All the UEFI Variables related tools and utilities in official repositories support efivarfs as of 01 October 2013.
efi_pstore module is also disabled in the official Arch kernels as EFI pstore functionality in the kernel depends of OLD sysfs-efivars support.
If you have both interfaces enabled, you need to disable one of them, and disable and re-enable the other interface (to refresh the data, to prevent inconsistencies) before accessing the EFI VAR data using any userspace tool:
To disable sysfs-efivars and refresh efivarfs:
# modprobe -r efivars # umount /sys/firmware/efi/efivars # modprobe -r efivarfs # modprobe efivarfs # mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
To disable efivarfs and refresh sysfs-efivars:
# umount /sys/firmware/efi/efivars # modprobe -r efivarfs # modprobe -r efivars # modprobe efivars
Requirements for UEFI Variables support to work properly
- EFI Runtime Services support should be present in the kernel (
CONFIG_EFI=y, check if present with
zgrep CONFIG_EFI /proc/config.gz).
- Kernel processor bitness/arch and EFI processor bitness/arch should match
- Kernel should be booted in EFI mode (via EFISTUB or any EFI boot loader, not via BIOS/CSM or Apple's "bootcamp" which is also BIOS/CSM)
- EFI Runtime Services in the kernel SHOULD NOT be disabled via kernel cmdline, i.e.
noefikernel parameter SHOULD NOT be used
efivarfsfilesystem should be mounted at
/sys/firmware/efi/efivars, otherwise follow #Mount efivarfs section below.
efivarshould list (option
-l) the EFI Variables without any error. For sample output see #Sample_List_of_UEFI_Variables.
If EFI Variables support does not work even after the above conditions are satisfied, try the below workarounds:
- If any userspace tool is unable to modify efi variables data, check for existence of
/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/dump-*files. If they exist, delete them, reboot and retry again.
- If the above step does not fix the issue, try booting with
efi_no_storage_paranoiakernel parameter to disable kernel efi variable storage space check that may prevent writing/modification of efi variables.
efi_no_storage_paranoia should only be used when needed and should not be left as a normal boot option. The effect of this kernel command line parameter turns off a safeguard that was put in place to help avoid the bricking of machines when the NVRAM gets too full.
Mount efivarfs
efivarfs is not automatically mounted at
/sys/firmware/efi/efivars by systemd during boot, then you need to manually mount it to expose UEFI Variable support to the userspace tools like
efibootmgr etc.:
# mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
It is also a good idea to auto-mount
efivarfs during boot via
/etc/fstab as follows:
efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars efivarfs defaults 0 0
Userspace Tools
There are few tools that can access/modify the UEFI variables, namely
- efivar - Library and Tool to manipulate UEFI Variables (used by vathpela's efibootmgr) - https://github.com/vathpela/efivar - efivar or efivar-gitAUR
- efibootmgr - Tool to manipulate UEFI Firmware Boot Manager Settings. Upstream (http://linux.dell.com/git/efibootmgr.git) efibootmgr code does not support efivarfs. A fork of efibootmgr by Fedora's Peter Jones (vathpela) supports both efivarfs and sysfs-efivars. It is currently used in official core/efibootmgr pkg and AUR pkg efibootmgr-pjones-gitAUR - https://github.com/vathpela/efibootmgr/tree/libefivars
- uefivars - Dumps list of EFI variables with some additional PCI related info (uses efibootmgr code internally) - https://github.com/fpmurphy/Various/tree/master/uefivars-2.0 supports only efivarfs and https://github.com/fpmurphy/Various/tree/master/uefivars-1.0 supports only sysfs-efivars . AUR package uefivars-gitAUR
- efitools - Tools to Create and Setup own UEFI Secure Boot Certificates, Keys and Signed Binaries (requires efivarfs) - efitools-gitAUR
- Ubuntu's Firmware Test Suite - https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FirmwareTestSuite/ - fwtsAUR (along with fwts-efi-runtime-dkmsAUR) or fwts-gitAUR
- Using
efibootmgrin Apple Macs may brick the firmware and may need reflash of the motherboard ROM. There have been bug reports regarding this in Ubuntu/Launchpad bug tracker. Use bless command alone in case of Macs. Experimental "bless" utility for Linux by Fedora developers - mactel-bootAUR.
- If
efibootmgrcompletely fails to work in your system, you can reboot into UEFI Shell v2 and use
bcfgcommand to create a boot entry for the bootloader.
- If you are unable to use
efibootmgr, some UEFI BIOSes allow users to directly manage uefi boot options from within the BIOS. For example, some ASUS BIOSes have a "Add New Boot Option" choice which enables you to select a local EFI System Partition and manually enter the EFI stub location. (for example
- The below commands use refind-efi boot-loader as example.
- Upstream efibootmgr http://linux.dell.com/git/efibootmgr.git does not support efivarfs. However vathpela's efibootmgr supports efivarfs and is currently used in official efibootmgr pkg. sysfs-efivars is also completely disabled in official Arch kernel and it supports only efivarfs. This section is written with the assumtion that you are using only efivarfs and vathpela's efibootmgr.
Assuming the boot-loader file to be launched is
/boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi can be split up as
/boot/efi and
/EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi, wherein
/boot/efi is the mountpoint of the EFI System Partition, which is assumed to be
/dev/sdXY (here
X and
Y are just placeholders for the actual values - eg:- in
/dev/sda1 ,
To determine the actual device path for the EFI System Partition (assuming mountpoint
/boot/efi for example) (should be in the form
/dev/sdXY), try :
# findmnt /boot/efi TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS /boot/efi /dev/sdXY vfat rw,flush,tz=UTC
Verify that uefi variables support in kernel is working properly by running:
# efivar -l
If efivar lists the uefi variables without any error, then you can proceed. If not, check whether all the conditions in #Requirements for UEFI Variables support to work properly are met.
Then create the boot entry using efibootmgr as follows:
# efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sdX -p Y -l /EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi -L "rEFInd"
\ as path separator (similar to Windows paths), but the official efibootmgr pkg support passing unix-style paths with forward-slash
/ as path-separator for the
-l option. Efibootmgr internally converts
/ to
\ before encoding the loader path. The relevant git commit that incorporated this feature in efibootmgr is http://linux.dell.com/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/efibootmgr.git/commit/?id=f38f4aaad1dfa677918e417c9faa6e3286411378 .
In the above command
/boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi translates to
/boot/efi and
/EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi which in turn translate to drive
/dev/sdX -> partition
Y -> file
The 'label' is the name of the menu entry shown in the UEFI boot menu. This name is user's choice and does not affect the booting of the system. More info can be obtained from efibootmgr GIT README .
FAT32 filesystem is case-insensitive since it does not use UTF-8 encoding by default. In that case the firmware uses capital 'EFI' instead of small 'efi', therefore using
\EFI\refind\refindx64.efi or
\efi\refind\refind_x64.efi does not matter (this will change if the filesystem encoding is UTF-8).
EFI System Partition
The EFI System Partition (also called ESP or EFISYS) is a FAT32 formatted physical partition (in the main partition table of the disk, not LVM or software raid etc.) from where the UEFI firmware launches the UEFI bootloader and application. It is a OS independent partition that acts as the storage place for the EFI bootloaders and applications which the firmware launches them. It is mandatory for UEFI boot. It should be marked as EF00 or ef00 type code in gdisk, or boot flag in case of GNU Parted (only for GPT disk). It is recommended to keep ESP size at 512 MiB although smaller/larger sizes are fine (smaller sizes provided it is higher than the minimum FAT32 FS partition size limit (as mandated by FAT32 specification from Microsoft). For more info visit link.
- It is recommended to use always GPT for UEFI boot as some UEFI firmwares do not allow UEFI-MBR boot.
- In GNU Parted,
bootflag (not to be confused with
legacy_bootflag) has different effect in MBR and GPT disk. In MBR disk, it marks the partition as active. In GPT disk, it changes the type code of the partition to
EFI System Partitiontype. Parted has no flag to mark a partition as ESP in MBR disk (this can be done using fdisk though).
- Microsoft documentation noted the ESP size: For Advanced Format 4K Native drives (4-KB-per-sector) drives, the minimum size is 260 MB, due to a limitation of the FAT32 file format. The minimum partition size of FAT32 drives is calculated as sector size (4KB) x 65527 = 256 MB. Advanced Format 512e drives are not affected by this limitation, because their emulated sector size is 512 bytes. 512 bytes x 65527 = 32 MB, which is less than the 100 MB minimum size for this partition. From: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh824839.aspx#DiskPartitionRules
- In case of EFISTUB, the kernels and initramfs files should be stored in the EFI System Partition. For sake of simplicity, you can also use the ESP as the
/bootpartition itself instead of a separate
/bootpartition, for EFISTUB booting.
GPT partitioned disks
- Create a partition with partition type
EF00using gdisk (from gptfdisk pkg). Then format that partition as FAT32 using
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/<THAT_PARTITION>
- Create a FAT32 partition and in GNU Parted set/activate the
bootflag (not
legacy_bootflag) on that partition
WARNING: Not enough clusters for a 32 bit FAT!, reduce cluster size with
mkfs.fat -s2 -F32 ... or
-s1, otherwise the partition may be unreadable by UEFI.
MBR partitioned disks
Create a partition with partition type
0xEF using fdisk (from util-linux pkg). Then format that partition as FAT32 using
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/<THAT_PARTITION>
UEFI Shell
The UEFI Shell is a shell/terminal for the firmware which allows launching uefi applications which include uefi bootloaders. Apart from that, the shell can also be used to obtain various other information about the system or the firmware like memory map (memmap), modifyiang boot manager variables (bcfg), running partitioning programs (diskpart), loading uefi drivers, editing text files (edit), hexedit etc.
Obtaining UEFI Shell
You can download a BSD licensed UEFI Shell from Intel's Tianocore UDK/EDK2 Sourceforge.net project.
- AUR uefi-shell-svnAUR pkg (recommended) - provides x86_64 Shell in x86_64 system and IA32 Shell in i686 system - compiled directly from latest Tianocore EDK2 SVN source
- Precompiled x86_64 UEFI Shell v2 binary (may not be up-to-date)
- Precompiled x86_64 UEFI Shell v1 binary (not updated anymore upstream)
- Precompiled IA32 UEFI Shell v2 binary (may not be up-to-date)
- Precompiled IA32 UEFI Shell v1 binary (not updated anymore upstream)
Shell v2 works best in UEFI 2.3+ systems and is recommended over Shell v1 in those systems. Shell v1 should work in all UEFI systems irrespective of the spec. version the firmware follows. More info at ShellPkg and this mail
Launching UEFI Shell
Few Asus and other AMI Aptio x86_64 UEFI firmware based motherboards (from Sandy Bridge onwards) provide an option called
"Launch EFI Shell from filesystem device" . For those motherboards, download the x86_64 UEFI Shell and copy it to your EFI System Partition as
<EFI_SYSTEM_PARTITION>/shellx64.efi (mostly
/boot/efi/shellx64.efi) .
Systems with Phoenix SecureCore Tiano UEFI firmware are known to have embedded UEFI Shell which can be launched using either
F11 or
F12 key.
Shell.efi copied as
(USB)/efi/boot/bootx64.efi. This USB should come up in the firmware boot menu. Launching this option will launch the UEFI Shell for you.
Important UEFI Shell Commands
UEFI Shell commands usually support
-b option which makes output pause after each page.
map lists recognized filesystems (
fs0, ...) and data storage devices (
blk0, ...). Run
help -b to list available commands.
More info at http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/efi-shells-and-scripting/
BCFG command is used to modify the UEFI NVRAM entries, which allow the user to change the boot entries or driver options. This command is described in detail in page 83 (Section 5.3) of "UEFI Shell Specification 2.0" PDF document.
- Users are recommended to try
bcfgonly if
efibootmgrfails to create working boot entries in their system.
bcfg command. You can download a modified UEFI Shell v2 binary which may work in UEFI pre-2.3 firmwares.
To dump a list of current boot entries:
Shell> bcfg boot dump -v
To add a boot menu entry for rEFInd (for example) as 4th (numbering starts from zero) option in the boot menu:
Shell> bcfg boot add 3 fs0:\EFI\refind\refind_x64.efi "rEFInd"
fs0: is the mapping corresponding to the EFI System Partition and
fs0:\EFI\refind\refind_x64.efi is the file to be launched.
To remove the 4th boot option:
Shell> bcfg boot rm 3
To move the boot option #3 to #0 (i.e. 1st or the default entry in the UEFI Boot menu):
Shell> bcfg boot mv 3 0
For bcfg help text:
Shell> help bcfg -v -b
Shell> bcfg -? -v -b
EDIT command provides a basic text editor with an interface similar to nano text editor, but slightly less functional. It handles UTF-8 encoding and takes care or LF vs CRLF line endings.
To edit, for example rEFInd's
refind.conf in the EFI System Partition (
fs0: in the firmware)
Shell> fs0: FS0:\> cd \EFI\arch\refind FS0:\EFI\arch\refind\> edit refind.conf
Ctrl-E for help.
UEFI Linux Hardware Compatibility
See HCL/Firmwares/UEFI for the main article.
UEFI Bootable Media
Create UEFI bootable USB from ISO
In Linux
- First create either a MBR or GPT (recommended) partition table and at least one partition in the USB (so it is fine to use an already partitioned USB). Note: Using a GPT partition table is recommended as some firmwares do not support booting from MBR devices in full UEFI mode (e.g. Gigabyte).
- Mount the ISO image from the Arch Linux download page.
# mkdir -p /mnt/{usb,iso} # mount -o loop archlinux-2013.10.01-dual.iso /mnt/iso
- Then create a FAT32 filesystem in the partition on the USB (unmount before if necessary) with LABEL as used in the Archiso configuration. Obtain the label from
/mnt/iso/loader/entries/archiso-x86_64.conf; this is used by the
archisohook in initramfs to identify the udev path to the installation media.
mkfs.fatis part of package dosfstools.Note: The filesystem should be either FAT32 (recommended), FAT16, or FAT12.
# awk 'BEGIN {FS="="} /archisolabel/ {print $3}' /mnt/iso/loader/entries/archiso-x86_64.conf | xargs mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sdXY -n
- Mount the newly created FAT32 USB partition, and copy the contents of the installation media to the USB media.
# mount /dev/sdXY /mnt/usb # cp -a /mnt/iso/* /mnt/usb # sync # umount /mnt/{usb,iso}
In Windows
- Format the USB drive as FAT32. Note: The filesystem should be either FAT32 (recommended), FAT16, or FAT12.
- Extracted the ISO (similar to extracting ZIP archive) to the USB drive using 7-Zip.
- Change the Volume Label of the USB drive to match the LABEL mentioned in
archisolabel=part in
<USB>\loader\entries\archiso-x86_64.conf.Note: The above step is required for Official ISO (archiso) but not required for Archboot.
Remove UEFI boot support from ISO
Most of the 32-bit EFI Macs and some 64-bit EFI Macs refuse to boot from a UEFI(X64)+BIOS bootable CD/DVD. If one wishes to proceed with the installation using optical media, it might be necessary to remove UEFI support first.
Mount the official installation media and obtain the
archisolabel as shown in the previous section.
Rebuild the ISO using
xorriso from libisoburn:
$ xorriso -as mkisofs -iso-level 3 \ -full-iso9660-filenames\ -volid "ARCH_201212" \ -appid "Arch Linux CD" \ -publisher "Arch Linux <https://www.archlinux.org>" \ -preparer "prepared like a BAWSE" \ -eltorito-boot isolinux/isolinux.bin \ -eltorito-catalog isolinux/boot.cat \ -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \ -isohybrid-mbr "/mnt/iso/isolinux/isohdpfx.bin" \ -output "~/archiso.iso" "/mnt/iso/"
~/archiso.iso to optical media and proceed with installation normally.
Testing UEFI in systems without native support
OVMF for Virtual Machines
OVMF [1] is a tianocore project to enable UEFI support for Virtual Machines. OVMF contains a sample UEFI firmware for QEMU.
You can build OVMF (with Secure Boot support) from AUR ovmf-svnAUR and run it as follows:
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -net none -m 1024 -bios /usr/share/ovmf/x86_64/bios.bin
DUET for BIOS only systems
DUET is a tianocore project that enables chainloading a full UEFI environment from a BIOS system, in a way similar to BIOS OS booting. This method is being discussed extensively in http://www.insanelymac.com/forum/topic/186440-linux-and-windows-uefi-boot-using-tianocore-duet-firmware/. Pre-build DUET images can be downloaded from one of the repos at https://gitorious.org/tianocore_uefi_duet_builds. Specific instructions for setting up DUET is available at https://gitorious.org/tianocore_uefi_duet_builds/tianocore_uefi_duet_installer/blobs/raw/master/Migle_BootDuet_INSTALL.txt.
You can also try http://sourceforge.net/projects/cloverefiboot/ which provides modified DUET images that may contain some system specific fixes and is more frequently updated compared to the gitorious repos.
Windows 7 will not boot in UEFI Mode
If you have installed Windows to a different harddisk with GPT partitioning and still have a MBR partitioned harddisk in your computer, then it is possible that the UEFI BIOS is starting it's CSM support (for booting MBR partitions) and therefor Windows will not boot. To solve this merge your MBR harddisk to GPT partitioning or disable the SATA port where the MBR harddisk is plugged in or unplug the SATA connector from this harddisk.
Mainboards with this kind of problem:
Gigabyte Z77X-UD3H rev. 1.1 (UEFI BIOS version F19e)
- UEFI BIOS option for booting UEFI Only does not pretend the UEFI BIOS from starting CSM
See also
- Wikipedia:UEFI
- Wikipedia:EFI System partition
- Linux Kernel x86_64 UEFI Documentation
- UEFI Forum - contains the official UEFI Specifications - GUID Partition Table is part of UEFI Specification
- Intel's Tianocore Project for Open-Source UEFI firmware which includes DuetPkg for direct BIOS based booting and OvmfPkg used in QEMU and Oracle VirtualBox
- Intel UEFI Community Resource Center
- Intel's page on EFI
- FGA: The EFI boot process
- Microsoft's Windows and GPT FAQ - Contains info on Windows UEFI booting also
- Convert Windows Vista SP1+ or 7 x86_64 boot from BIOS-MBR mode to UEFI-GPT mode without Reinstall
- Create a Linux BIOS+UEFI and Windows x64 BIOS+UEFI bootable USB drive
- Rod Smith - A BIOS to UEFI Transformation
- UEFI Boot problems on some newer machines (LKML)
- EFI Shells and Scripting - Intel Documentation
- UEFI Shell - Intel Documentation
- UEFI Shell - bcfg command info
- UEFI Shell v2 binary with bcfg modified to work with UEFI pre-2.3 firmware - from Clover efiboot
- LPC 2012 Plumbing UEFI into Linux
- LPC 2012 UEFI Tutorial : part 1
- LPC 2012 UEFI Tutorial : part 2


text:
Your browser does not support iframes.
"No Williston Red Devil basketball player will ever wear Jersey Number 3 again," said Red Devil Head Coach Steve Faulkner, as he presented the encased jersey to Mr. and Mrs Danny Floyd.
It was five quick 3-point baskets by the Santa Fe Raiders on Friday night Dec.21, that put the Red Devils in an early hole that they just could not climb out of.
Santa Fe dropped in five first quarter 3-point baskets to hold onto an early 19-16 lead as the first quarter of the District game came to an end.
In the second quarter, the 3-point basket failed to fall for the Raiders, as David Heinkel and Damien Strange found the range for the Red Devils as they helped to pull the Red Devils to within one point of the Raiders at half time, 27-26.
Chiefland's Lady Indians wasted little time last week when they took on Williston's Red Devils in Williston. The Lady Indians jumped out to a quick 6-0 lead on three quick baskets by Haley Hammonds.
As the first quarter continued the Lady Red Devils Precious Williams drained a 3-point basket to wake up the Lady Red Devils. The turnovers by both teams began to mount, as the Lady Red Devils took control and pulled out to a 11-6 lead as the first quarter ended.
Red Devils move to 3-0 2-0 in District
Friday, Nov. 30, the Williston Varsity Basketball team improved its season record to 3-0 and downed the Keystone Heights Indians in district play, moving the team to 2-0 in the district.
Coming off the road with a 10- point win over district foe Interlachen, the Red Devils were playing their season home opener against the Indians. The Red Devils scorched the Indians in the first half behind 18 first half points by Earl Brown and 4-4 3-point baskets by Damien Strange to take a 45-21 halftime lead.
With some of there varsity basketball players still with the gridiron team in the state playoffs, the Newberry Panthers opened their 2012-13 basketball season by hosting the Williston Red Devils.
The Red Devils wasted little time, and got off to a quick start against the under manned Panthers.
The Red Devil offense was on display in the first half of the game as they coasted to a 46-30 half time lead even though they began to substitute early in the game.
The Williston High School Baseball Boosters will host the Annual WHS Baseball Alumni Day Feb. 2, 2013.
Featured events for the Alumni Day will include a baseball game between recent alums, a homerun derby and an "Old Timers" softball game.
Anyone who played baseball for Williston High School is invited and encouraged to attend and participate.
Sponsorships are available at a variety of levels.
Contact Darren Spikes at (352) 219-3440 or Jason Head at (352) 318-1444 for more information or to secure your sponsorship.
By Steve Jarboe
Saturday night saw the Williston Red Devil Gym heat up with many former Red Devil athletes who once played their hearts out for the home team.
This night was no different as both former Lady Red Devils and Red Devil men returned to the hard wood in two entertaining games.
In the first game between the 2011 and 2012 graduates taking on the 2008 and earlier graduates, it was a group of Lady Red Devils who still have the moves, the eye for the basket and the desire to play their hearts out for the Red Devil glory.
What was hoped to be a good season for the Williston Red Devils, ended with a disappointing loss to the Dunnellon Tigers on a cold Friday night.
The Red Devils suffered a set back in the first quarter when starting quarterback David Heinkel was sidelined with an ankle injury that sent him to the hospital.
The Red Devil defense, led by Tyus Williams and Keith Neal. stood tall as they forced the Tigers to fumble the football six times during the game, and recovered three of them, stopping key drives by the Tigers.
Despite a Herculean effort by the Red Devils' David Heinkel, the Chiefland Indians took the Levy Cup in a 31-21 win at Booster Stadium Friday night.
Copyright © 2019
The Williston Pioneer is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Levy County and Williston, Fl, and the surrounding area.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
White House
U.S. begins Mideast push for ideas on Iranian solution
CAIRO, Egypt — The top U.S. military officer and the secretary of state kicked off a series of visits throughout the Middle East Sunday, reaching out to the Arab world as the Obama administration pushes for tougher sanctions against Iran and its nuclear ambitions.
The missions by top military and diplomatic officials to at least eight nations of the Middle East reflect the latest efforts to find a solution to the Iranian nuclear problem, which has the prospect to destabilize the volatile region with a nuclear arms race among archenemies.
Adm. Mike Mullen, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, met Sunday with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and later in Tel Aviv with top Israeli military officers. Iran was a "principle topic" of discussion in Egypt, Mullen said afterwards in an interview with McClatchy Newspapers in Cairo. He added that he expects Iran will be the focus of his talks with officials in Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton also is set to hold meetings in Qatar and Saudi Arabia during her three-day visit to the region. Aides traveling with her have said Iran will lead the agenda. Top State Department deputies will travel in the days ahead to Israel, Jordan, Syria and Egypt.
In a speech Sunday a the US-Islamic World Forum in Doha, Qatar, Clinton warned that the evidence was "accumulating" that Iran was pursing nuclear weapons. She also said the ongoing diplomatic press was designed to "figure out a way" to handle Iran's nuclear ambitions peaceably.
As Mullen arrived in Israel, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu set out on a three-day visit to Moscow later Sunday. Netanyahu said he was seeking Moscow's support for "crippling sanctions" against Iran.
"I have seen Iran as an incredibly destabilizing country for a considerable amount of time," Mullen said in a press conference in Tel Aviv. "I am still hopeful that diplomacy and sanctions and dialogue will achieve a solution that doesn't result in an outbreak of war and doesn't result in an outcome where Iran achieves nuclear capability."
In his interview with McClatchy, Mullen said: "It's going to take the engagement of a lot of leaders to make sure that doesn't happen."
The U.S. is seeking a fourth round of U.N.-sponsored sanctions against Iran. Russia has indicated greater support for sanctions in recent months, but China says its remains opposed. Even if China eventually agrees, it could delay action at the U.N. Security Council and water down any sanctions that are passed. U.S. officials are seeking assurances from countries like Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates to offset lost Iranian oil that is now sold to China if sanctions restrict Iranian oil exports.
Last week, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said his country had enriched uranium to near nuclear weapon strength. But he noted that Iran does not intend to build a bomb and that enrichment was for peaceful energy purposes, including fueling a medical research reactor.
Western experts, however, doubt on Iran's enrichment claim. At the same time, Iran has rejected a Western offer to fabricate the nuclear reactor fuel for Iran's use.
At a press conference in Cairo, Mullen said Washington had no plans for a military attack against Iran.
Mullen stressed that his trip to the region had been arranged before Iranian officials disclosed that Iran had begun enriching uranium to a higher level of purity.
His talks have not focused exclusively Iran, Mullen said. The Egyptians expressed concerns about the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the stalled Middle East peace process.
The largely Sunni Arab world is concerned about a Shiite-majority Iran armed with nuclear capabilities. While privately Arab leaders have supported tougher action against Iran, publicly they have resisted encouraging sanctions against another Muslim nation.
In a video speech for the Arab Forum on Saturday, President Barack Obama urged efforts between the U.S. and the Muslim communities "to build a world that is more peaceful and secure" without the "misunderstanding and mistrust" of the past.
(Warren P. Strobel also contributed to this article.)
Iran protests could complicate push for sanctions
China responds angrily to U.S. arms sales to Taiwan
Report: 'No strategic value' to Afghan outpost where 8 died


text:
At the first immigration-reform hearing of this Congress, San Antonio Mayor Julian Castro urged House Republicans to take quick action on family-based and high-skilled visas — and also advocated for a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.
"America is watching," Castro said. "Let's get this done."
The hearing by the House Judiciary Committee was held a week after a bipartisan group of senators unveiled an immigration reform plan and President Barack Obama urged Congress to act.
Castro was on a first panel of witnesses who told the committee that the U.S. immigration system was in need of dire repair to help families and to keep American businesses competitive in the global economy.
"What Americans deserve is a system that works — a system that is efficient," Castro said.
He told the House panel that it should reform laws to strengthen border security, streamline the visa application process and provide a pathway to citizenship for the 11 million people in this country illegally.
Republicans are pressured to tackle immigration reform following the November elections that saw Obama win 71 percent of the Latino vote.
Still, many in the GOP oppose citizenship proposals floated in the Senate, and many have called for a cautious approach to reforming immigration laws.
"We must move forward methodically and evaluate this issue in stages," said Rep. Robert Goodlatte, R-Va., the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee.
Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., the ranking Democrat on the immigration subcommittee, warned against delay.
"We must recognize that our broken system does immeasurable harm every day that it goes unreformed," Lofgren said.
Obama has called on Congress to include a pathway for citizenship in legislative proposals.
Castro said providing such a pathway to citizenship was the best approach to bring undocumented immigrants out of the shadows.
A bipartisan plan was unveiled in the Senate that could ultimately grant citizenship to undocumented immigrants that pay fines, learn English and pass criminal background checks.
Castro said providing only legal status, without citizenship, would create an unprecedented second class of citizens.
Many Republicans have opposed citizenship as an "amnesty" for immigrants who overstayed visas or illegally entered the country.
GOP members of the committee said they favored a system that puts more priority on high-skilled workers, over extended family members, when visas are doled out.
Rep. Lamar Smith, R-San Antonio, asked Castro if there was a compromise between deportation and citizenship that Congress could consider to address the 11 million people here illegally.
Castro said the compromise would be that the 11 million would have to earn their citizenship by meeting requirements like those outlined in the Senate.
Castro also told the committee that the outdated visa system separates families and hurts American companies seeking skilled workers.
He said "it also makes no sense" that some employers flout the rule of law and exploit employees while other companies, who play by the rules, are handcuffed by rigid employment ceilings and burdensome regulations.
Michael Teitelbaum, a former commissioner of the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform, said a national employee verification system was needed, and rules should be relaxed to increase the number of skilled workers needed by American companies.
But Teitelbaum said admission of low-skilled workers or temporary agricultural workers was not in the best interest of the United States, according to the commission's research.


text:
S3 E02 Class Dismissed
POLICE LOG: Local high school students engage in a scavenger hunt. One item on the list is a police squad car which goes missing with a loaded shotgun inside. Detailed report follows:
Dov is still dating hot bomb squad technician Sue, who is a superstar in the ETF (that's Emergency Task Force). He's thinking of joining SWAT just to keep up with his lady's inherent coolness. That dream may derail prematurely after he and Oliver answer a prank call at a local high school. They find a gymnasium filled with pigs. Get it? Cops… Pigs… Anyway, the oink-fest all part of a distraction so that someone could steal their squad car. Dov made it easy for the thieves by leaving the keys inside. Oops.
Andy wonders why Sam runs off every morning. A conversation on this subject is cut short when they give chase to a stolen SUV. The wounded teen thief gets away, but not before leaving behind a bag full of money. There are blood stains inside a car that belongs to a high school student named Stella Alvarez. She happens to be the daughter of Bobby Alvarez, a local business man who moves stolen goods through his auto shop.
Andy and Sam find Bobby bloodied and unconscious in his office. The theory is that the stolen car suspect robbed the place. His name is Wyatt Cripton and he's an apprentice at the auto shop. He also happens to be dating Bobby's daughter, Stella. Sam knows that if any of the bad guys from Team Alvarez finds Wyatt before they do, the kid is as good as dead.[break]
Frank wants the missing squad car found ASAP. It was stolen as part of a contest. Local high school students are taking part in a scavenger hunt. Chris and Traci catch a young kid trying to steal a sign for the competition. His name is Troy. He's left alone during the week so his mom can work far away. The kid agrees to help the cops track down the scavenger hunters who swiped the police car.
Gail is still adjusting to the fact that a man from her past is now a colleague in blue. Nick is making every effort to get her to lighten up, but Gail turns down his request to get together to air things out. She can't, however, deny Frank's order for the two of them to hit the streets looking for the stolen squad car. Speaking of the stolen car, the team finally tracks down the two kids who swiped it. Unfortunately, they sold the shotgun that was inside to a former student. His name: Wyatt Cripton
Andy and Sam arrive at the high school to find Wyatt in the middle of an intense discussion with Stella. The kid is a little on edge. He fires the shotgun several times into the air of an empty auditorium before dragging Stella into a hallway that dead ends. Wyatt eventually lets Stella go. He's still armed, but not dangerous. Andy realizes that his shotgun is empty. This allows Sam the opportunity to approach and arrest the confused kid.[break]
Traci is having doubts about sending Leo away for the summer with his father so she can try for a detective's rotation. Chris lets her know that it'll be good for her son to spend some time with his dad. It's something he wishes his mom did for him. In other family matters, Oliver let Dov know that his wife is taking the kids up to her parents' cottage for the rest of the month, but we later learn this is a cover story for a separation. Finally, Noelle is having some pain, but a visit to the doctor assures her and Frank that all is fine with the baby.
In relationship news, Andy worries that Sam may think they won't last because they are so different. Actually, he just doesn't want to rush things. Dov realizes he doesn't need to impress Sue. In fact, she's been trying to impress him. As for Gail and Nick, they seem to be falling into old habits. After downing a few drinks at the beach, they share a passionate kiss. They don't even notice the scavenger hunters stealing a beach umbrella in the distance. Hey, they were off duty anyway.


text:
About Whatis42?
You should buy Techdirt.ninja and turn it into the access point for power users.
For a brief period this afternoon I was concerned someone had figured out a way to silent Mike, but alas I no longer need to read the google cache for this article.
Dr. Who and the Proprietors of the Restaurant at the End of the Universe
http://www.theatlanticwire.com/business/2011/04/trimming-times-preparing-shutdown-big-particle-revea l/36385/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+TheAtlanticWire+%28The+A tlantic+Wire%29
http://www.theatlanticwire.com/business/2011/04/trimming-times-libyan-government-turmoil-mad-men-sav ed/36256/
Republicans figured this out at some point during Jimmy Carter's presidency?
was a mistake in this public hearing. How does that bode when we consider the inevitable law suit that will be filed in that case?
I seriously doubt we will be a Kardashev 2.0 by 2091
We are currently in the range of 0.70, and doubt we'd expand to more than a 1.5 by 2091
But your right about just about everything else(fingers crossed that they develop mind uploading before i bite the dust)
Was that post on psytek.net a joke or was the guy serious?
this new strategy involved reading and analysis much like the schoolwork they had been previously absconding for the DDOS cause, the anonymous movement has hence lost in excess of 90% of their "brotherhood"
Which is what made it so easy to bait the biggest bully into getting themselves in serious trouble, or so I thought?
but .open seems perfectly acceptable.....
In Soviet Russia Freedom Presses You!
Is Wikileaks factoring enough of a delay in the release of these cables to allow an appropriate news cycle for some of these revelations? I get this feeling that DynCorp will be forgotten within the next 2 releases by other stuff that at least merits discussion!
Is it at all possible that he simply wants the courtesy of people paying attention to him, and more importantly the totality of his message? I think using social media DURING a presentation is asking for people to take it out of context - just a thought.
Yes, and the panic/stampede that follows would likely kill many more
"Their Coming Right For Us"
"We're Thinning Out Their Numbers"
Its all about the TRUE SCOTSMAN approach; I plan on wearing my family kilt without the need for undergarments. We'll see if they follow their procedures all the way until they "meet resistance" bwahahahaha.
http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2010/11/tsa-opt-out-day-now-with-a-super fantastic-new-twist/66545/
"The radiation is harmless, by the way. Youll get more x-rays from the sun than you will from this. Maybe a couple of hours in the sun, but nonetheless."
As Scott Tenorman, the aforementioned King of Gingers, I would like to remind you that "a couple of hours in the sun" could very well constitute an ER visit for me and is certainly a tangible accretion to my accumulative lifetime radiation exposure!
Actually I believe the TSA employees are prohibited from even wearing basic radiation badges! They definetly should not be standing for that, but luckily they don't cover that in the GED.


text:
Got around to seeing many of the nominated films this year.
For Best Picture I can confidently predict that Argo will win. I liked some of the other nominees more (Beasts,Django, Les Mis) but Argo is a lock.
Best Actress is a tough one. Odds are on Jennifer Lawrence but I'm hoping Emmanuelle Riva wins.
Best Actor for Daniel Day Lewis
If Supporting Actress doesn't go to Anne Hathaway I'll eat my remote.
Supporting Actor is a tossup with my money on Alan Arkin
Best Director I'm thinking Ang Lee.
Best Adapted Screenplay - Lincoln?
Best Original Screenplay will probably go to ZDT but I really hope Moonrise Kingdom wins.
Best Animated Film I pick Wreck It Ralph (sadly haven't seen any nominees)
Best Foreign Feature to Amour (should never have been also nominated in Best Picture category)
Best Visual Effects to Life of Pi
Best Production Design Les Miserables
Best Cinematography to Deakins for Skyfall
Best Costume Design "Snow White and the Huntsman"(?)
Best Makeup - Hobbit
Best Documentary - Searching for Sugarman
Best Film Editing - Argo
Best Score - Thomas Newman for Skyfall
Best Song - Skyfall
Best Sound Editing - ZDT
Best Sound Mixing - Les Miserables
And for the shorts I pick Fresh Guacomole, Asad, and Inocente.
Finally wanting to let the land line go.Why do I hold on to it?Anybody out there regret cutting it? #commentfishing— Nigel Stewart (@nigelstewart) December 29, 2012
Can't believe I got this out on the actual day of the solstice. It's one of the rare moments in my life where I started something and finished it.
Just go to my solstice mix tape directory @ http://nigelstewart.org/music/Solstice to get the latest .zip (filename NWSM_2012.zip) of 19 DRM free 192kbps mp3s I'm sharing in good faith with friends and family.
As a super extra added bonus this holiday season I am releasing a mix tape from this past Spring Equinox 2012 which is available in my Equinox directory @ http://nigelstewart.org/music/Equinox as a .zip (filename NSEM_2012.zip)
I was just too lazy to release it back in March. I also neglected to make mixes for the summer and fall of this past year due to some serious lollygagging around :)
All the mixes you'll find in those directories should fit onto a normal 80 minute / 700 MB audio CD.
Enjoy your post Mayan apocalyptic life! Be good!
Hooper lived to 18 years and 10 months.
He's been our friend and pal since first moving to Los Angeles so our sadness will remain for a long time coming.
For the sake of posterity these are his nicknames we came up with over the years:
Choop Choop
Chup Chup
Hoopty Hoop
Noblesse Noblige
Nebber Kanebbish
Ermagerd Herper
The Old Man
I don't remember when I first heard about "Infinite Jest," the David Foster Wallace masterpiece published by Little, Brown in 1996. I am a long time Harper's subscriber so I remember some of his non-fiction reporting pieces there ("Rabbit, Ressurected" and "Ticket to the Fair.")
Found a used 2006 paperback edition of IJ (with the Eggers intro) in my local used bookstore soon before his death in 2008. When the Infinite Summer project caught my eye I tried the course but only made it through day 17 before submitting to summer travel in Belgium and France. I brought it with me but never cracked it.
This past Spring I picked up the non-fiction collection of his essays "Consider the Lobster." It blew me away. This fall's publication by Viking of D.T. Max's new biography came at a perfect time for me to revisit the work of DFW since I seriously want to make it through all of IJ once or twice to find its rewards. Upon reading "Every Love Story Is A Ghost Story" I found myself lost in my own romantic ideals of what a great fiction writer's life is like. Reality hits hard in the story of his life and early death at 46. I couldn't put it down and I am eagerly delving back into IJ this very evening.
Can't wait to read every work of his that has been published. A great primer is DFW's commencement speech to Kenyon College to the class of 2005.
My new must do's that follow this reading:
Need to see "The Wire."
Need to read more Franzen, DeLillo, Dostoevsky, and Vollmann.
Need to see Lars Von Trier's "The Kingdom."
So here's my general election prediction:
Obama 50.9% of popular vote
Romney 48.3% of popular vote
Electoral College: 350 Obama, 183 Romney, Paul 5
h/t to Nate Silver's Five Thirty Eight on the NYT's website.
A daily check for me during this high political season.


text:
Details/TV: Begins at Dodger Stadium, Sunday at 7 a.m., Ch. 5:
They say the field is ultimately limited to 25,000, and still more get in. Inside that mass of shoe laces, there's another group at 185 strong and, regrettably, shrinking. The "Legacy Runners," who have competed in every Los Angeles Marathon since the first one in 1986, plan on being there for the 29th edition for the race that starts at Dodger Stadium, ends near the Santa Monica Pier, and passes by iconic L.A. landmarks such as City Hall, the Pantages Theatre, Hollywood and Vine, Rodeo Drive and Palisades Park along the way. At the race's official website — lamarathon.com — you can read some of the "Legacy" stories. Aimee Wyatt, for example, is the youngest Legacy runner at age 44. That's because she started as a 16-year-old — when the legal age allowed to enter was 18. "Our father agreed it was a fine idea," she says. "Our mother doesn't remember us fudging our ages a little, and now I see kids that look about 12 doing it — go, kids, go!" Al Allen of Inglewood, who will turn 69 next month, has been running to raise money for breast cancer since his oldest sister, Ina, died of the disease the first year of the marathon. Arlene Fichman, a 59-year-old registered nurse from Brentwood, almost had her streak end because of her battle with Graves Disease, a thyroid condition. With a quick medication adjustment, she ran the 2010 race in under four hours, second in her age group. And Rick Wallace, a 56-year-old raised in Woodland Hills, a graduate of Simi Valley High and Pepperdine University and a Malibu realtor, says what lured him to the race originally was getting to cross the finish line near the Coliseum. That site for the start/finish line is ancient history, as this 26-mile-plus direct route from downtown to the beach has caught on to be more popular. Maybe the greatest challenge for all these Legacy runners — as well as for those in it for the first time — is they've decided to hold this thing as daylight savings begins. Meaning, the clock springs forward, so there's an hour of lost sleep to deal with. The full-field start, along with the men's elite runners, is at 7:25 a.m. The women's elite field begins at 7:10 a.m., after the competitors in the wheelchair (6:55 a.m.) and hand-cycle (6:50 a.m.) divisions.
Details/TV: Santa Anita Park, Saturday at 4 p.m. FS1:
The most anticipated Big 'Cap in a long while brings a rematch of the recent Breeders' Cup Classic — top-two finishers in Mucho Macho Man and Will Take Charge. The wild card is two-time Santa Anita Handicap winner Game On Dude, who was a disappointing ninth, 11 1/2 lengths back of Mucho Macho Man after going off as the 8-5 favorite in that '13 Classic. The 7-year-old dark bay gelding, with Joe Torre remaining a part owner and Bob Baffert as the trainer, won the 2011 race as a 4-year-old with Chantal Sutherland aboard, and again in 2013 with Mike Smith as the jockey. Game On Dude, however, was also the 3-10 favorite in the Feb. 8 San Antonio Stakes at Santa Anita before coming up short at the finish.
NO. 3 NBA: CLIPPERS at LAKERS
Details/TV: Staples Center, Thursday at 7:30 p.m., TNT:
In raw terms, the Clippers have about twice as many wins as the Lakers, half as many losses, and 20 games separate them in the Western Conference. And to think, the Lakers once defeated them, in Game 1 of the regular season. Considering the Lakers actually have a better record on the road this season than at home, it's too bad they're designated the actual hosts in this one and have to look up at all those championship banners.
Also this week:
Lakers at Portland, Monday at 7 p.m., TWCS
Lakers vs. New Orleans, Staples Center, Tuesday at 7:30 p.m., TWCS
Lakers at Denver, Friday at 6 p.m., TWCS
Lakers vs. Oklahoma City, Staples Center, Sunday at 12:30 p.m., Ch. 7
Clippers at Phoenix, Tuesday at 6 p.m., Prime
Clippers vs. Atlanta, Staples Center, Saturday at 7:30 p.m., Prime
NO. 4 NHL: KINGS vs. MONTREAL
Details/TV: Staples Center, Monday at 7:30 p.m., FSW
Jonathan Quick and Carey Price were in the nets when Canada outlasted the U.S. 1-0 in the semifinals at the Winter Olympics. Yup, Quickie was on the wrong end of that one. Montreal's Canadiens do have a favorable following in L.A., so don't bank on the Kings' four-game win streak being enough to deter north-of-the-border disorder.
Also this week:
Kings at Winnipeg, Thursday at 4 p.m., FSW
Kings at Edmonton, Sunday at 5 p.m., FSW
NO. 5 MLS: GALAXY vs. REAL SALT LAKE
Details/TV: StubHub Center, Saturday at 7:30 p.m., TWCS:
We've been told the Salt Lakers ended up as participants in the MLS Cup 2013, two rounds after they knocked the two-time defending champion Galaxy out of the postseason with a 2-0 victory in the second leg of their Western Conference semifinal series. Bruce Arena's new game plan includes perhaps moving Landon Donovan to midfield, with Omar Gonzalez behind him and Robbie Keane up front. "The opening game of the season is important for us," Gonzalez said. "Last year, I felt we lost too many important points. We were there. We could have had an extra 15 points had we just been a little more focused, a little more concentrated. For us, that starts with the first game of the year against Salt Lake."
Chivas USA begins its MLS schedule Sunday vs. Chicago, Stub Hub Center, noon.
UCLA at WASHINGTON STATE
Details/TV: Saturday at 8 p.m., FS1:
USC at WASHINGTON
Details/TV: Saturday at 1:30 p.m., Pac-12:
It's the last detail work before the Pac-12 Tournament starts in Las Vegas next week, and it's a lot of unknown factors involved, since this is the only regular-season meeting between the schools. WSU (9-19, 2-14) ranks No. 341 out of 351 D-I schools in points per game (61.8), including that game where the Cougars famously scored just 25 against No. 1 Arizona earlier this season. Washington (16-13, 8-8) drives behind senior C.J. Wilcox (18.2 points a game), who has a highs of 31 and 30, but scored just eight in 30 minutes against WSU last week.
UCLA at Washington, Thursday at 6 p.m., ESPN2
USC at Washington State, Thursday at 8 p.m., ESPNU
Details/TV: At Southwest College, Saturday at 8 p.m.:
Details/TV: At Honda Center, Saturday at 6:30 p.m., FSW:
El Camino Real (24-6) lost to Westchester (28-5) in last year's City title game, and it's decided to come back and try it again. In the Girls Division I final at 6 p.m., it's Narbonne (24-8) against Fairfax (28-6).
Meanwhile, from 5-foot-2 Elijah Nesbit and 6-8 Terrell Carter, Redondo (24-4) has been getting it done and needs one more road win against Chino Hills on Tuesday before a probable meeting in this new CIF-SS Open Final against Mater Dei (29-0), led by All-American and Arizona-bound Stanley Johnson and likely with an Orange County home-court advantage. Mater Dei faces J.W. North in the semifinals on Tuesday.
Details/TV: At Trump National Doral in Miami, Thursday-Sunday, Golf Channel, Ch. 4:
Tiger Woods' three-shot win over Steve Stricker in last year's event may be all the locals have to hang onto if they're looking for a repeat, after Woods walked off the course with reported back problem in the final round of the Honda Classic. The TPC Blue Monster might be the biggest draw regardless, with $200 million in upgrades and includes new bunkers, shiftier greens and even more water at the classic 18th. Golf Channel has Thursday and Friday (10 a.m.), Saturday (9 a.m.) and Sunday (10 a.m.), while Channel 4 has Saturday (11 a.m.) and Sunday (noon).
Details/TV: At Indian Wells, women's main draw begins Wednesday at 11 a.m., men's main draw begins Thursday at 11 a.m., Tennis Channel:
Rafael Nadal eventually trounced Juan Martin Del Potro to take the men's final, while Maria Sharapova pushed past Carolina Wozniacki to take the women's title a year ago — not to overlook the Bryan brothers also capturing the men's doubles championship, the first time they had done so at this event. Nadal, the world's No. 1-ranked player who also won this in 2009 and 2007, said that after coming back from a six-month layoff due to knee problems that last year's win at Indians Wells was "kind of a turning point for me. … I had lots of doubts about winning on the hard court. … (But it) boosted my confidence." The event runs through the men's and women's finales on March 16.
NO. 10 COLLEGE BASEBALL: UCLA at USC
Details/TV: Dedeaux Field, Sunday at 1 p.m.:
The original plan was to revive the "Dodgertown Classic," and have the crosstown rivals play each other in a nonconference game, along with Pepperdine-Houston in a doubleheader at Dodger Stadium. Then the Dodgers said they needed the place to do more improvements, so … sorry. The Bruins and Trojans play again in late April at UCLA.
Find an extended list of important sports events this week on the Farther Off the Wall blog.


text:
| Aspects of Leadership Applicable to This Course
Deliberate Decision Making teaches participants how to make better, faster, and more effective decisions. Participants learn how to do this through the application of simple yet powerful decision making tools. Participants learn:
- The decision making cycle
- The four primary styles of decision making and when to use each one
- How to appropriately involve others in decision making
- The four kinds of ambiguity and how they affect decisions
- The three kinds of decisions you can make and how to make them
- Ways to reduce risks inherent in decision making
For a sample of the concepts we teach in the program, here's Mike Figliuolo explaining the four styles of decision making. If you enjoy the video, you can sign up to watch a condensed version of the course on lynda.com by following the link at the end of the video.
The classroom course consists of instructor-introduced concepts and practical application exercises.
The target audience for this course consists of individuals in analytical or persuasive roles from junior to senior levels of organizations (e.g., analysts, managers, mid-level executives). The value of this course to the participants and to the organization as a whole are:
- Faster decision making which enables you to capture opportunities faster
- More support for decisions being made and better team involvement in the process
- Reduced risk of bad decisions and the losses associated with them
Please contact us to arrange for this course to be trained at your organization.


text:
Carpet and fabric protection treatment
Our professionally trained cleaners will help you to prolong the life of your upholstery and carpets. They will choose the most suitable way to protect the different materials and make them live longer. The right protection could remove the chance of stains and will help you to protect your family's health. You carpets and upholstered furniture will be cleaner and nicer for a long time.
We apply protection treatment - Scotchgard of
- carpet
- rug
- mattresses
- upholstery
- curtains
- fabric furniture
Protect the carpet and fabric as
- apply anti-static treatment
- apply anti-stain treatment
- apply anti-moth protection
- apply oil and water based stains treatment
Home Cleaning 4U teams will choose the best way for anti-static treatment, anti-moth protection and anti-stain treatment. That will protect your upholstery, carpets and curtains from stains and dust. The outward is not the most important thing but every little stain could ruin the good impression of your expensive furniture. That's why we strongly recommend the regular fabric protection, because it will save the fancy look of your home.
Applying the protector can:
help by keeping the dirt closer to the surface of the fibres and avoid the abrasive action of dust and grit that causes premature wear. Having the protector reapplied helps slowing down the formation of traffic stains on the carpets.
help protect against both - oil and water based stains
protect your carpets, upholstery and furnishings against moth damage and static electricity, caused by the electrical charges build up inside in any furnishings and carpets
asthma and allergy protection treatment
Protector (Scotchgard) protects the fabric by delaying the time of the damaging. It creates a coat on the carpet and upholstery and repel water, oil, and soil.
We provide two types of carpet and fabric protectors:
- soil retardants: which prevent soil from building up in the piles
- stain repellents: which provide protection from liquid spills
Home Cleaning 4U cleaning teams are licensed and insured, so you don't have to worry for your expensive furniture and carpets.
Don't wait any longer and get in touch with one of our local Carpet and Fabric Protection Treatment (Scotchgard) Experts on 0800 1123430 or via our booking form 24/7 and get the best when it comes to Protection Treatment (Scotchgard) .
Thanks. Nice clean carpet looks like new.
Very prompt and knowledgeable. Very pleased with the service and person who cleaned the carpets was very efficient.
More testimonials - carpet and fabric protection treatment Scotchgard ? Sure, click here>>


text:
A South Street staple heads west, when Lorenzo and Sons Pizza celebrates the grand opening of their new West Chester location! Join Preston, Steve and Marisa, Friday April 22nd from noon til two for the ribbon cutting festivities! Click here to listen!
And ya know what goes great with Lorzeno's famous pizza? How about a pair of MMRBQ tickets? There'll be a ticket raid along with music and prizes and a Philly taco eating contest too!
Posted: Oct 23, 2013 8:42 AM EST by FOX 29, PHILADELPHIA:
The Daily Meal has put out a list of the 101 best pizzas in America. Of course, a few Philadelphia restaurants made the cut!
At number 91, Lorenzo and Sons, located on South Street. They are famous for their cheese pies. They have no frills, but a lot of flavor. Customers seem to agree. On Google Reviews and Yelp, many compliment the low price and the slice size.
Copyright 2016 LORENZO & SONS, 305 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19147 — Web design by www.quantum-think.com


text:
ਡਾਇਰੈਕਟ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ
ਇਸ ਐਪ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਤੇ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ
Text your friends for free. Get Facebook Messenger to instantly reach friends on their smart phones, feature phones or desktop computers. In addition to sending free texts, you can also:
Message friends and contacts.
- Get started fast — log in with your Facebook account, or just use your phone number
- Send voice messages, photos, smileys and other emoji
- Get push notifications
Make plans on the go with social messaging features.
- Message a friend or start a group conversation
- Include your location to let friends know you're nearby
Chat and receive SMS messages.
- Swipe left to see who's available to chat
- See your SMS and Facebook messages together in the app — currently only available on some phones
Messenger does all this using your existing data plan.


text:
Advocates sue Duke Energy over coal ash
Environmental advocates filed more lawsuits Wednesday against Duke Energy, claiming the company's coal ash practices broke federal clean-water law and dam-safety standards at three power plants.
Groups represented by the Southern Environmental Law Center cited problems at the Buck power plant in Rowan County, the Cape Fear plant in Chatham County and the Lee plant in Wayne County.
The law center says the actions are aimed at forcing Duke to clean up ash ponds at the power plants that state lawsuits and legislation failed to do.
"We're taking action to ensure these communities and rivers are protected from Duke Energy's toxic coal ash pollution," senior attorney Frank Holleman said in a statement. "(State regulators) and the General Assembly chose not to require cleanup of coal ash in these communities, so citizens groups are stepping up to enforce the law and protect clean water for the people of North Carolina."
The lawsuits ask the court to make Duke stop the flow of contaminants from the three plants, remove ash from their ponds and clean up groundwater and nearby rivers and lakes.
Duke spokeswoman Erin Culbert said the company "continues to be committed to closing its North Carolina ash basins in a way that is fact-based and environmentally sound."
The N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources filed suit last year against all 14 of Duke's active and retired coal-fired power plants in the state.
Those cases, filed after environmental advocates gave notice they would sue Duke on their own, are still before the courts.
Environmental advocates say the lawsuits they filed Wednesday are on different grounds than the state litigation. DENR said last week that it would not take action to pre-empt the filings.
The state lawsuits were based on groundwater contamination and engineered discharges from Duke's ash pond dams. The environmental advocates focused on different claims, including that dams are unsafe and contaminants that settled to the bottom of ash ponds reached waterways.
None of the three power plants named in the actions are among the four sites where legislation enacted last month requires Duke to excavate and remove ash. The legislation is awaiting Gov. Pat McCrory's signature.
The lawsuit addressing the Buck plant, on the Yadkin River, says ash pond dams have broken, cracked and leaking pipes.
Ash ponds at the plant, it says, contain pollutants including a cancer-causing form of chromium. Private wells near the plant, the lawsuit says, also show contaminants including that form of chromium.
Duke says tests of private wells it conducted in May showed total chromium within state groundwater standards. Duke is working with DENR to do further tests.
The Cape Fear plant's dams are in poor condition, the center says, and seep into the Cape Fear River upstream of a half-dozen water intakes. The Waterkeeper Alliance, one of the plaintiffs in the lawsuits, says Duke pumped 60 million gallons of ash-tainted water into the river earlier this year.
Duke says the release was the same treated water its state discharge permit allows and was part of a state-approved repair plan. Duke says Cape Fear's dams are structurally sound.
The Lee plant's dams failed to meet minimum stability standards, the center says. Its ash ponds have contaminated groundwater with high levels of arsenic, it says, and discharged illegally into the Neuse River and wetlands.
The lawsuits were filed on behalf of Cape Fear River Watch, Neuse Riverkeeper Foundation, the Yadkin Riverkeeper and Waterkeeper Alliance.
The Southern Environmental Law Center's clients have previously sued Duke in federal court over ash handling at its Riverbend power plant west of Charlotte and the Sutton plant in Wilmington. Environmental advocates have also become parties to the state lawsuits against Duke.


text:
Confident and empowering' a relief to be around.
Herbal Power
Relieves occasional constipation' generally produces a bowel movement within 6-12 hours.
Reason to Love
Just about everyone experiences constipation occasionally—uncomfortable' embarrassing and a real damper on life. For gentle' overnight relief' we love our senna-based herbal tea. Used for thousands of years to get your "movement" moving again' senna works by gently stimulating your intestines and aiding your body's natural elimination process. Traditionally combined with fennel' coriander and ginger to reduce the potential for unpleasant feelings like cramping' Smooth Move® is best taken at bedtime. Sip and sleep easy knowing you'll be right as rain in the morning.
Sweet and slightly bitter' with citrus-orange and spice notes.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These products are not meant to diagnose' treat or cure any disease or medical condition. Please consult your doctor before starting any exercise or nutritional supplement program or before using these or any product during pregnancy or if you have a serious medical condition.
Serving Size: 1 Cup Brewed Tea
Servings per Container: 16
Amount per Serving % DV
Calories 2
All Herbal Ingredients:
Organic senna leaf and extract [PhEur] ** 1080 mg †
Proprietary Blend: 920 mg
Organic licorice root †
Organic bitter fennel fruit †
Organic sweet orange peel †
Organic cinnamon bark †
Organic coriander fruit †
Organic ginger rhizome †
Organic orange peel oil on gum arabic †
† Daily Value not established.
POUR: 8 oz. freshly boiled water over 1 tea bag.
COVER: for 10-15 minutes.
SQUEEZE: tea bag to ensure maximum goodness in your cup.
ENJOY: 1 cup' preferably at bedtime. Please see side panels for all directions for use.
Do not use laxatives products when abdominal pain' nausea' or vomiting are present unless directed by a doctor. If you have noticed a sudden change in bowel habits that persists over a period of 2 weeks' consults a doctor before using a laxative. Laxative products should not be used for a period of longer than 1 week unless directed by a doctor. Rectal bleeding or failure to have a bowel movement after use of a laxative may indicate a serious condition. Discontinue use and consult your doctor. Senna may produce abdominal pain' spasm or passage of liquid stools.
Do not use if you have ileus' intestinal obstruction' stenosis' atonic bowel' acute intestinal inflammation (e.g. Crohn's disease' ulcerative colitis)' appendicitis' abdominal pain of unknown origin' severe dehydration states with water and electrolyte depletion. Do not use if you have known allergies to plants of the parsley (Apiaceae) family' such s fennel.
Keep out of reach of children. In case of overdose' get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
This product contains senna leaf. Read and follow directions carefully. Do not use if you have or develop diarrhea' loose stools' or abdominal pain because senna leaf may worsen these conditions and be harmful to your health. Consult your physician if you have frequent diarrhea' or if you are pregnant' nursing' taking medication or have a medical condition.
Allergy / Dietary Needs
- GMO Free
- Organic
- Caffeine Free


text:
jpatrick76 needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 333 designs submitted by 75 freelance designers.
Davenport Peters
Davenport Peters will be a new flooring line that my company will be distributing in early 2010. The Davenport Peters name has been around since 1811. Davenport Peters is the second oldest wholesale lumber company in the U.S. Davenport Peters came about when Dyer Peters decided that he was going to take his products to market vs let the market come to him. Prior to Davenport Peters, captains of small schooners would take wood products and sell them as best they could as they traveled up and down the coast with shingles, spruce, pine and lath. Davenport Peters has been an innovator in the Lumber Industry since its inception.
We want to convey an elegant yet classic feel and really leverage the fact that the name has been around for nearly 200 years without seeming old and stuck in our ways. The Davenport Peters wood flooring line will be distributed in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and Southeast in the initial campaign with a nationwide presence shortly thereafter.
We will carry flooring products from the following species: Pine (Antique Heart and New Heart Pine, Oak (Red, White, New and Reclaimed), Chestnut (Reclaimed), Cumaru (Brazilian Teak), Jatoba (Brazilian Cherry), and Domestic Cherry
We will be marketing the Davenport Peters line to over 2400 flooring dealers/retailers.
We are looking for a logo that we plan to use in the following applications:
- Website
- Marketing brochures
- Banners stand for trade shows
- We prefer to have files in adobe format as we will want to be able to drop the logo into specials newsletters etc.
- Logo needs to work in color and black and white.
I really want this logo to capture the nostalgia of a company that has been around since 1811; however, we don't want to look "old" and stuck in the 19th century. We are a quality and customer service oriented manufacturer and distributor who takes a lot of pride in the products we create and take to market.
We ask that interested designers use their imaginations as we have no preference on colors. I look forward to all of the great designs from this contest.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
Available online as a free e-book.
Download the complete book for printing File Size: 9.55 MB
Download the complete book for viewing online File Size: 1.32 MB
The third edition of this popular handbook continues its goal of improving clinical judgment by teaching the basics of otolaryngology. Targeted to medical students and allied health professionals with an interest in otolaryngologyhead and neck surgery, this e-book helps readers manage uncomplicated clinical problems and recognize when to refer more serious conditions to an otolaryngologist.
Highlights include:
- New advice on presenting on rounds and evaluating patients
- Updated chapters reflecting current clinical practice guidelines
- Question and answer section at end of each chapter
Primary Care Otolaryngology by Chapter
Chapter 1: Introduction to Clinical Rotation
To become a good clinician it is helpful to be carefully observant in important but unnoticed aspects, such as demeanor, comments, and interaction with other healthcare providers and patients. Students learn a lot through observing care of patients. The process starts with appearance, punctuality, composure, acceptance of responsibility, and interactions with patients and other members of the healthcare team.
File Size: 125 KB
Chapter 2: Keeping Track of Patients
Taking an otolaryngology history and performing a head and neck exam begins with a chief complaint followed by a description of the location, duration, frequency, and quality of the presenting symptoms. In addition, consider aggravating and relieving factors and associated symptoms.
File Size 210 KB
Chapter 3: Presenting on Rounds
Patient presentations should be goal oriented and follow a specific format. The last sentence of a presentation should always start with "The plan is " For postoperative patients you should always think of what needs to be done to send the patient home. The five Ws of post-operative fever are a useful memory tool when following patients after surgery.
File Size 169 KB
Chapter 4: ENT Emergencies
ENT emergencies include but are not limited to airway emergencies such as tracheotomies, difficult intubations, deep neck infections, foreign bodies, mucormycosis, epistaxis, sudden hearing loss and necrotizing otitis externa.
File Size 295 KB
Chapter 5: Otitis Media
Otitis media is simply defined as inflammation of the middle ear space due to any cause. It is the second most common disease diagnosed in young children. Otitis media can be classified by duration, patient symptoms, and physical exam findings.
File Size 281 KB
Chapter 6: Hearing Loss
Hearing loss can be caused by a wide variety of factors. Patients may present with the complaint of being unable to hear or they may complain of difficulty understanding. Older individuals often complain tinnitus. Hearing loss in children may be particularly difficult to detect and is often confused with inattention or speech delay.
File Size 285 KB
Chapter 7: Dizziness
People often come to the otolaryngologist with a complaint of dizziness including symptoms such as disequilibrium, syncope, lightheadedness, ataxia, and vertigo. As otolaryngologists, we focus on disease processes that produce true vertigo, which is primarily associated with balance organs of the inner ear.
File Size 258 KB
Chapter 8: Facial Nerve Paralysis
Facial nerve paralysis is a devastating condition for the patient and their family. It may occur spontaneously, following trauma, surgical procedure, or as a result of malignant tumors of the pinna, the parotid gland, or the skull base.
File Size 191 KB
Chapter 9: Rhinology, Nasal Obstruction and Sinusitis
Patients present to primary care providers with a variety of nasal complaints, ranging from rhinorrhea and postnasal drainage to obstruction and pain. Successful treatment of the varying causes of rhinorrhea and obstruction is based on the accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause.
File Size 275 KB
Chapter 10: Allergy
Over 20 million Amercians suffer from inhalant allergies. Symptoms are nasal congestion, clear rhinorrhea, itchy watery eyes, and sometimes ear or palatal itching, post-nasal drip, and throat irritation. Allergic symptoms are initiated by inhalation of dander, pollen, mold spores, or other antigens. Allergies represent an abnormal immune response to an environmental protein tolerated by the majority of people.
File Size 172 KB
Chapter 11: How to Read a Sinus CT Scan
The standard radiographic study for evaluation of sinus disease is the sinus CT scan performed in the coronal plane. There are four radiographic densities: air, fat, water, and bone. The best way to learn to look at any x-ray or imaging study is to carefully and systematically examine as many as possible.
File Size 226 KB
Chapter 12: Maxillofacial Trauma
When treating maxillofacial trauma, the basic tenets of trauma management hold: secure the airway, breathing, circulation. The second rule is rule out a C-spine fracture and rule three is evaluate the patient completely. Any positive finding is an indication for further evaluation.
File Size 257 KB
Chapter 13: Facial Plastic Surgery
Facial plastic surgery constitutes a significant part of the practice of otolaryngology. Otolaryngologists were the founding fathers of plastic surgery as a medical specialty. Common procedures vary from the functional such as reconstruction to purely cosmetic procedures such as facelifts.
File Size 269 KB
Chapter 14: Salivary Gland Disease
A discussion of salivary glands should consider both the major (parotid, submandibullar, and sublingual) and minor salivary glands. It is estimated that normal individuals have 750-1,000 minor salivary glands located submucosally from the lips to the trachea.
File Size 196 KB
Chapter 15: Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer and the management of thyroid masses can be a confusing topic of discussion. While many thyroid nodules are benign and common, otolaryngologists often recommend and perform removal of nodules that have a reasonable risk of being cancerous, as determined by multiple factors.
File Size 213 KB
Chapter 16: Head and Neck Cancer
Diagnosis and management of head and neck cancer is a broad topic. Head and neck cancer primarily refers to carcinomas of the larynx, naso-, oro-, and hypopharynges, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands, and the oral cavity.
File Size 256 KB
Chapter 17: Skin Cancer
The great majority of skin cancers arising on the skin of the face, scalp, and neck are basal cell carcinoma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, then malignant melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma is very common and most often occurs on the face, so the otolaryngologist facial plastic surgeon sees many cases.
File Size 215 KB
Chapter 18: Pediatric Otolaryngology
A high percentage of illnesses affecting children involve the ears, nose, and throat. Nearly all otolaryngologists treat children and some only treat children. The most common pediatric disorder seen is otitis media. Other pediatric conditions include tonsillectomy, stridor, congenital neck mass, tongue tie, and rhinosinusitis.
File Size 291 KB
Mobile Device Users: Documents have been formatted for onscreen display and for print. These documents can be downloaded to your device if you have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed, however, some of the images contained will not be displayed optimally on every device.


text:
Template:Cub Scout Bicycling/req
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
Mobile Menus: Cub Scouts - Scouts BSA - Venturing - Sea Scouts
Belt Loop Requirements
Complete these three requirements:
- Explain the rules of safe bicycling to your den leader or adult partner.
- Demonstrate how to wear the proper safety equipment for bicycling.
- Show how to ride a bike safely. Ride for at least half an hour with an adult partner, your family, or den.
Sports Pin Requirements
Earn the Bicycling belt loop, and complete requirement 1 below, and do four more of the following requirements:
- Make a chart to record at least 10 hours of bicycling. (Required)
- Participate in a pack, den, or community bike rodeo.
- Demonstrate how to repair a flat tire on a bicycle.
- Make a poster illustrating different types of early bikes and show it to your den.
- Give a demonstration to your den or pack on the proper use of safety equipment and gear.
- With the help of a parent or adult partner, register or reregister your bicycle.
- Go on a "bicycle hike" with your family or den. Obey traffic rules related to bicycling.
- Repair or restore a nonfunctioning bicycle to a safe condition. Include the installation of all proper safety devices.
- Visit a bicycle race or exhibition.
- Help set up a bike rodeo or bike competition for your pack.
Please report any issues with this page.


text:
About tyciol
A frightening expansion of powers.
Some very valid points here,
They should fire their representative or else we should boycott Disney for supporting this.
Pointing out that crimes still occur in a country with a low rate of them proves nothing. None have insinuated that Japan is devoid of problems, merely that they seem to have fewer of them than others who censor more.
An interesting flawed attempt at argument from authority, one's own authority in fact.
It almost seems like you are insinuating "I got a degree in logic therefore I am incapable of being illogical."
I guess that's the same reason someone with a degree in English never makes a spelling mistake.
Larry the crux of your argument in reply to AnonCow seems to rest upon unsupported assumptions, assertions you have made about the thinking patterns of others.
I can only assume you've because a semi-omniscient telepath able to see into the minds of all humans, or else you understand cognition to such an extreme level that you can define someone's opinions and desires based upon their having seen a picture.
Here are the quotes that represent your cognitive distortions, all-or-nothing condemnations which are not supported by any logic or science.
"A drawing of horrifically disturbing acts would be sought only only be people who find nothing wrong with contemplating child molestation."
I would like to point out: contemplating means thinking about. Not as in "planning", but as in "comprehending." You yourself contemplate child molestation because it's an issue you have thought about in objecting to its depiction. Police officers and child protection advocates also contemplate it, because they must understand a problem if they are to combat it.
"A society that tolerates depiction of child molestation is probably going to tolerate it."
On what statistics do you assert such a probability? Tell me something: how many depictions of such a crime existed in the middle east when child brides such as Aisha were more common? How many depictions existed in the middle ages when people also married and impregnated pubescents?
Now, conversely, what is the rate of rapes in Japan, where such depictions are allowed in lolicon magazines? I do not think your assumption has any ground to stand on. Your "Japan has less crime, period" argument holds no water, you are confronted with a society whom you say should ban media because you blame crime on this media, yet the crime does not exist, so there's no actual statistical evidence supporting you.
You do have a valid point about the shame culture, but this would only invalidate using Japan's low crime as evidence for someone arguing that lolicon prevented child abuse. The core argument is actually that you did not present evidence proving a causal relationship between your idea that such media would increase abuse. I don't at all see the difference between this and saying depicting violence increases violence. Nor would such a correlation validate the idea that we should censor the idea of depicting travesty for fear that someone shall commit it, because travesty has always predated imagery depicting the idea. Child abuse existed before people decided to write or draw about it, just as harlots existed before pornography.
You also relate this issue to racism/slavery/incest, yet it is not illegal to depict these. Indeed, if it were illegal to depict racism, we would actually have to deny that racism ever happened. I couldn't make a film about Harriet Tubman, because I'd break the law by depicting her being enslaved.
Trying to make an argument about females/wives is sexist, you seem to be making some kind of point that only men oppose censorship? That would be flawed. Or perhaps, that only pedophiles would disagree with you and that only men are pedophiles? That would also be flawed, so probably neither of these is what you meant, but what do you mean by making this sexist observation Larry?
Very insightful point sir, I think it is incredibly silly. It makes me think, if I see Hannibal Lecter killing an innocent prison guard, will I want to do it? Of course not! Seeing it would only make me more determined to capture him and save Clarice!
You are a liar, calling me a representative of a movement to normalize pedophilia. I neither represent nor am I part of nor do I even accept/believe in/promote/support such movement(s) you have discovered.
I do not move to normalize pedophilia. It is abnormal and I neither wish to label the abnormal as normal nor to make it the norm. Pedophilia is a biased fixation on pre-fertility, I do not wish for people to be fixated on such things. I wish for people to be unbiased and healthy balanced individuals who do not obsess over physical trivialities in such a way. I oppose it for the same reason I oppose gerontophilia, monosexuality and other paraphilic mental defects.
I have reported your post for your lie and personal attack levied against a commenter. You are engaged in the very ad hominem you accused others of, unfounded personal insults not based on anything I've said.
Greg, contradicting what you're attempting to insinuate: I have never supported any form of pornography in my entire life.
Master of presumptuous ad hominem as always eh Larry?
He`s got plans for this, as soon as we take down the paintings, we are going to get in the Delorean and go interrogate the guy who drew them in 1905 and make sure he didn`t base it on anything real.


text:
I'm working on my next app and e-book: Hey Rick! What's Your F-stop?
The idea, generated by the question I get asked most on my workshops, is to offer photographers in the field and at home quick and easy access to camera settings that will help them make great images.
For now, I plan to include info like this for the photograph above:
Situation: Backlight subject (posed) at sunrise or sunset.
Camera: Canon 5D Mark III
Lens: Canon 70-200mm f/4
Exposure: f/32 @ 1/320th sec.
Exposure Compensation: - 0.33
Flash: No
Tripod: No
Photoshop/Lightroom Tip: Use gradual filters to add or to intensify colors.
Is there anything else that you think would be helpful? Post a comment here.
Shoot us an email to get on the info list.
If you can't wait for the app, see my apps on my Apps page. Lots of how-to info.
Explore the light,


text:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
December 28, 2015 at 01:40PM
September 13, 2015 at 03:49PM
No content.
Since 2004, Dirty Dog's goal has been to offer you a fun and easy way to take care of your dog by providing self serve and full service grooming. We thought it just makes sense that you'd want the folks that already know your dog to provide the same loving care while you are out of town or at work during the week. To that end, we have added daycare and boarding services at our Mesa location: 8108 Mesa Drive, Austin, TX 78759.


text:
The LPC Lead Service Manager is responsible for performing various maintenance functions that are necessary to maintain and enhance the value of the community in addition to supervising the maintenance team. They work with the maintenance team to ensure that the quality of work meets the standards set by the company and the owner.
EDUCATION: A high school education or equivalent is required (college hours preferred).
The following qualifications must be met to be considered for the position of Lead Service Manager:
In addition to the skills listed above, and the ability to complete the responsibilities of the Service Technician, the Lead Service Manager is responsible for overseeing the following:
Candidate must have high rise experience


text:
Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds was awarded the 2,508th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on Thursday.
Edmonds, who has crafted more than 100 top 10 R&B and pop singles during his career and was called the Quincy Jones of the '90s, accepted the honor with Antonio "L.A." Reid, Usher and Sean "Diddy" Combs at his side.
A 10-time Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter-producer, Edmonds wrote some of the 1990s' most successful R&B jams and worked with the decade's top tier artists -- and found his own successful career as a solo artist thanks to his smooth, seductive brand of R&B.
PHOTOS: Hollywood Backlot moments
Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, Beyoncé, Boyz II Men, Pink, TLC, Madonna, Aretha Franklin, Celine Dion and Toni Braxton are just a few of the stars whose music has been infused with his classic blend of pop melody and soulful R&B grit.
With Reid -- both were part of '80s R&B/post-disco outfit the Deele -- he founded LaFace Records, which ushered in an era of acts that helped define '90s R&B including TLC, Usher and Braxton.
Babyface continues to be in high demand, working with a new generation of acts including Fall Out Boy, Lil Wayne and Ariana Grande on her recent debut, "Yours Truly."
His duets album with longtime muse Braxton, "Love, Marriage, Divorce," is set for release in November.
Explore the Hollywood Star Walk with The Times' virtual tour.
PHOTOS: Concerts by the Times
PHOTOS: Unexpected musical collaborations
PHOTOS: Musician feuds: The dirt & details


text:
Letters and Diaries: A Family Historian's Windows into His Ancestor's World
Biff Barnes
To construct a narrative family history one must gather the family lore and stories to supplement the facts drawn from vital records. Unfortunately, as most family historians know too well the people we would like to ask about those stories are often no longer with us. When that's the case, you need to reconstruct your family's narrative from the limited records available.
Letters and diaries can be a rich source of family stories. Even a single letter can be a wonderful tool in understanding an ancestors time and place.
Letters and diaries are part of the cultural conversation of the times in which they were written. The topics they address are those which were important not only to their authors, but to their contemporaries. These personal writings can help us to understand both our ancestors' connection to their times and their the unique way they experienced those times.
There is often a difference in the way writers relate to their world reflected in the type of writing they did. Letters tend to be more reportorial, providing accounts of events or the authors plans. Diaries are more private reflections on the broader world likely to express the author's aspirations, fears or emotions.
Diaries or journals like those of Mary Chesnut writing in South Carolina during the Civil War or Henry David Thoreau's Walden which contains the author's musings on the rise of industry and the changes it was bringing to the Massachusetts countryside provide commentary on broad social or cultural movements which produced dramatic change. Letters like those written by a soldier in World War II or a pioneer woman crossing the plains in 1846, on the other hand, report what has just happened focusing on a specific moment in time at a specific place.
Combining the two forms of personal writing can provide an insight into both the individual ancestor who produced them and contemporary members of the family.
The knowledge letters and diaries provide allow the family historian to speculate about the values, goals and even the day to day actions and conversations that might have taken place among ancestors. These are the elements of a rich family narrative.