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Trigger warning - because i quote some of the insults I've received.
Ooh i hear you say. A 'jumping on the bandwagon' style post about online misogynistic abuse, the latest thing being talked about on the feminist blogosphere and even in broadsheet left-leaning newspapers!
Well yes, in some ways you would be correct in making this assumption but also this is something i have written about before (here: http://sianandcrookedrib.blogspot.com/2011/03/despair.html here: http://sianandcrookedrib.blogspot.com/2010/08/stop-calling-me-ugly.html and here: http://sianandcrookedrib.blogspot.com/2009/11/sick-of-bloke-osphere.html) and is something many, many feminist bloggers have written about many, many times before. Now that the issue is getting a bit more attention, well, seems time to join that campaign and write about it again. I make this point because I feel like the papers have suddenly 'discovered' it when actually the debate is as old as the blogosphere.
So, here you have it. The Sian and Crooked Rib guide to sexist online abuse, and the excuses that are made to silence it and pretend it doesn't exist.
Part One: Types of sexist online abuse.
1. Mansplaining
Have you ever seen that episode of QI, when Reginald D Hunter tells the story about how he likes to tell white people that he doesn't know what corduroy is, to see them explain to him painstakingly and carefully what it is? Mansplaining is a bit like that. It's when a man reads something by a woman, often relating to her personal experience of a feminist issue, and carefully explains why they are wrong. Never mind the fact that they might be talking about a personal experience. Never mind the fact that they might be talking about their doctoral thesis. Never mind the fact that they actually do know what they are talking about, or are making sensible suggestions or don't really care whether you think they are right or not. It's that very specific gendered patronizing that aims to silence or undermine a woman's opinion with no real cause, back-up or strong argument.
Mansplaining is not the same as disagreeing with a woman writer. People disagree with each other on the internet and can do so politely, carefully, in an informed way and have a great debate. Mansplaining is different because it involves being patronized and silenced. No-one has a problem with lively online debate (even if sometimes in a perfect world we would all like everyone to agree with us and write comments going 'yeah! great! well said!') - mansplaining is when a woman's opinion or experience is undermined, ignored and said to be 'wrong' because it contradicts the mansplainer's own idea or comfort zone.
As my friend Marina S says, mansplaining is the result of some men being so wedded to the idea that women are stupid, they simply cannot understand a woman being able to form their own opinions without a little help from the guys. See here: http://notazerosumgame.blogspot.com/2011/10/portable-safe-spaces-and-occupying.html
2. U.G.L.Y you ain't got no alibi!
Calling a woman ugly is the misogynist's go-to card when it comes to online abuse. A misogynist thinks calling a woman ugly or fat or old or hairy or hairless-on-their-head is the nadir of insults. I like to imagine them, typing away and puffed up with rage, desperately trying to put their finger on the best ever put down and then going 'hah! i'll tell the bitch she's ugly! that'll shut her up!'.
My absolute all time favourite online insult was on the Evening Post website, when I was quoted criticising Hooters in one of the many 'EP loves Hooters' articles. It went something like this:
'I imagine that you're so fat you could jumpstart a jumbo jet. I imagine you sitting in your house on your own with a shaved head eating lentils out of a bowl.'
(not that it matters, but none of these things are actually accurate although i do quite like lentils)
The reason men who don't like women much think that calling a woman ugly is the perfect insult is because of the cultural value we place on female beauty. We equate being able to conform to the current culturally defined beauty standard as THE measure of success for a woman. So calling a woman ugly is the misogynist's way to call a woman a failure. It is a way to undermine, and to point out that nothing a woman says has any worth because she has failed in the most important aspect of being a woman - being attractive to men.
I mean, I have been quite flippant above but in all seriousness being told you're ugly over and over again does hurt. Because no matter how far our "consciousness is raised" as feminists, we still live in this patriarchal capitalist system and therefore the values of that system are still within us. During the Hooters debacle someone posted a horrible photo of what they imagined I looked like, along with some unfriendly remarks, and I cried. It is why it is even more important that we fight and act against a society that tells us that being beautiful is a woman's ultimate achievement, that we support each other and fight against negative messages about women's bodies, and that we constantly challenge the idea that fat, old, hairy etc. are insults. They're not and they shouldn't be.
3. Huh. Women. Hysterical! Emotional!
On International Woman's Day, I wrote an article on Liberal Conspiracy about international violence against women and girls. It was pretty much a list of stats from various sources, including WHO, the UN, the Home Office and British Crime Statistics. I deliberately chose the statistical route so as not to be called emotional. But that didn't stop one of the first commenters deciding to accuse me of writing a 'hysterical rant'. When Sunny, the editor, pulled him up on his use of sexist language, he went on and on and on about how hysterical isn't sexist.
Well, it is.
Hysterical is a word used to silence women. Again, it is a word that undermines a woman's argument. It says don't pay attention to her, she's hysterical, over the top, over emotional. It's historic meaning is sexist and gendered. And frankly, have you ever heard anyone call a man hysterical? No, me neither.
Emotional is the other one. It gets forgotten on the bloke-osphere that the opposite of 'emotional' is not 'rational'. You can write something that is emotional and still be rational, fair, factual and evidenced. But again, saying a woman's writing is emotional is silencing. Oh don't listen to her, she's being all over emotional again, letting her feelings get in the way.
Emotional is seen as something feminine, and in an unequal society, feminine is seen as lesser, as petty, as not important. The fact that there is nothing wrong with being emotional about a subject like violence against women and girls is lost in the effort to shut up and undermine the facts and figures of the issue.
Men are passionate. Women are hysterical. Men are assertive. Women are emotional. Men are rational. Women are letting their feelings get in the way.
These sexist double-standards infiltrate all aspects of life but online they are used to dismiss, undermine and mock a woman writer's argument.
4. Sex
Online misogynists love calling women writing online 'lesbians'. Just like saying we're ugly, they think that calling someone a lesbian is the worst insult of all. Of course, lesbian is not an insult. The only people who think calling someone a lesbian is an insult is the kind of dumb-ass teenage boy minded misogynist who delights in bullying women online. There are a lot of parallels between trying to insult a woman by calling her a lesbian as there are to calling her ugly. The idea that 'lesbian' is an insult is based on the idea that a woman's success in our society is based on her being in a straight relationship.
One of the most upsetting insults I had online was during the Hooters Evening Post nightmare. One man had obviously googled my name, seen the Guardian article where I wrote about growing up in a gay household and proceeded to use this information to abuse me and my family. I am never sure what I found more horrible; the fact that he wrote nasty things about my family, or that he felt the need to google me to discover more info to use against me as childish but hurtful insults.
The other form of abuse that I am categorising under Number 4 is the childish, spiteful and frankly pathetic 'speculation' about the woman writer's sex life. This can be speculating about whether the woman is a lesbian or not, but in my case it has involved taking my anti-porn stance to make suggestions about how they imagine my sex life to be. This is really unpleasant. It's really really fucking rude for a start. And also, it's trying to undermine an argument by making out that you think I must be 'uncool' and 'uptight' and 'prudish' and 'no good in bed' because I think there are perhaps other ways to enjoy myself that don't involve taking part in the commercial sexual exploitation of women and men. I know, I'm the freak here.
This has also taken the form of asking me inappropriate and intimate questions about my sex life, my sexual history and suggesting I try out different things sexually (even though the bully has no knowledge of my sex life). Mocking someone for their perceived (or known) sexuality and sexual preference is again a great way to silence women writers by trying to suggest that they aren't as 'cool' or as 'liberated' as the online bully, whilst again using patriarchal society's measure of success (women being sexually attractive/available to men) to make out that the woman writing is a failure.
5. Violence, rape threats and hate language
Of course, this is the most extreme form of online abuse. It is also the scariest and the one that most succeeds in silencing women, leading as it does and has done to women shutting down their blogs, turning down writing work and worse besides. Although I haven't had this happen to me as badly as some writers (see Cath Elliott's blog here for how extreme this can be: http://toomuchtosayformyself.com/2011/04/20/an-occupational-hazard) when it did happen it made me want to turn off my blog, refuse any more writing offers and hide away, silenced and thoroughly 'shut up'.
The rape threats, the threats of physical violence, online stalking - these things have become the reality for women feminist bloggers and women bloggers in general. They're so commonplace as to almost seem normal. But it is not normal and it is not acceptable. No-one should have to feel that fear that we all get as we check the unmoderated comments tab, to breathe that sigh of relief as we avoid the abuse...for now.
These threats are real, they are scary, they leave you shaken and they leave you feeling threatened. They need to stop and the culture that excuses it, brushes it off or reduces it needs to be stopped too. Which leads me to part two...
Part two: Excuses given to brush off sexist online abuse
1. Women! Women are mean too!
Yes, I know! Imagine. Women. Being mean.
I do take big umbrage with feminists being sexist and abusive to one another. We have enough to deal with with anti-feminists treating us like shit without starting on one another. Sisterhood is an important tenet of feminism and although we can and should disagree or challenge one another, lets not do that in abusive and sexist ways. Or, for that matter, in 'one-up woman ship' ways.
And yes, women can be abusive too. To other women and to other men. This isn't right. Sexism, whoever is saying it, needs to stop. In my experience however, and it is important to point this out, I have never been sexually or physically threatened by a woman, or a feminist. Although at least two of the examples I gave in Number 4 were from an anti-feminist woman.
2. If you're on the internet, you need to deal with people disagreeing with you
This one is sexist in itself! As it implies that we women bloggers are delicate flowers who can't cope with people disagreeing with us, or who aren't able to manage the manly nature of debate. This argument is BS. Look at any of my blogposts with more than 5 comments and you'll see people disagreeing with me and arguing with me until the cows have gone home, been milked and fallen asleep. Debate and disagreement will happen and we can deal with that.
The difference is explaining why you disagree with my argument that, for example, I believe we need to end the commercial sexual exploitation of women and men in our society; and physically threatening me in order to show me why I shouldn't even be daring to make the argument in the first place.
If you can't understand that difference, then I will give you another example. There's a difference between disagreeing with my stance on abortion; and calling me a 'fucking baby killer' for making an argument that supports a woman's right to bodily autonomy.
It's fine to disagree (even if I think you are wrong). It isn't fine to use misogynistic abuse to try and make me stop writing.
3. Ungh. You are making out that women are victims! Stop victimising yourself!
Speaking out against violence is not victimising yourself. Breaking the silence around the abuse women regularly receive is not taking a victim stance. It's being honest about a serious issue and trying to challenge why it happens to ensure it doesn't happen any more.
I think that people who try and say that women being honest about their experiences are behaving like victims feel uncomfortable with hearing the reality of misogyny. That's their problem. I don't see myself as a victim. I see myself as trying to write honestly about my experience of sexist online bullying, in order to join in a wider conversation with other women, who together are speaking out against something that is ignored and brushed under the carpet.
Trying to silence us by saying we are behaving like victims is pretty pathetic reaction IMO. It's like a desperate last resort to make out that we're the ones behaving badly.
4. But men get online abuse too!
I'm going to leave it to a male blogger who gets abuse on his blog to explain this one:
'never seen any of my male blogger acquaintances get similar kinds of abuse. Certainly not anything like as frequently.'
Just like street harassment, men get abuse too. But the nature of the abuse and the types of threats and the reasons behind it are different.
5. It's freedom of speech man!
Expecting people to not partake in any of the abuse example mentioned above is not about restricting people's freedom of speech. It is about recognising that no-one should use that right to freedom of speech to harm other people and threaten them with violence.
Using vile misogynistic insults and threatening women to intimidate them in to leaving an online space? Who's denying people freedom of speech in that scenario ey?
But I won't shut up on my blog. I won't have my freedom of speech, my freedom to write and my freedom to express my views taken from me because some people think they have a right to abuse me online. I won't be silenced.
And that, my friends, is the very special Sian and Crooked Rib Guide to Online Abuse and the excuses given to pretend it isn't a problem and doesn't exist!


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subset: commoncrawl


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Corporate responsibility
Proactively taking responsibility for social issues is a part of our corporate identity and culture. We are absolutely convinced that fairness, environmental awareness and social responsibility go hand in hand with our corporate success.
Brand Performance Check 2017
We have been honoured with an award by the Fair Wear Foundation for our commitment to social, safe and fair working conditions for our suppliers worldwide. In the Brand Performance Check 2017 from FWF, we achieved leader status once again, which is the best possible grade.
Social Report 2014/2015
Our Social Report gives detailed insights into our sustainability strategy and provides increased transparency. We outline how our products are made and show how we, as a brand, assume social responsibility when working with our suppliers.
Choose an area and learn the goals and actions that we pursue.
At home, here in Germany
Renewable energy
100% green energy and photovoltaic systems
In March 2008, we began the process of switching entirely to green electricity for our power supply. Alongside reducing our energy consumption, we are focusing on using renewable energy, which we generate by using photovoltaic systems installed at our sites in Idstein and Neu-Wulmstorf.
- 03/2008 – Start of switchover to green energy
- 07/2012 – All locations in Germany/Austria and Switzerland use exclusively green energy
We promote biodiversity
We have redeveloped our campus and converted an area into a colourful meadow of wild flowers. There are insect hotels, nesting and breeding aids, as well as bird baths in the company grounds.
Together with the "Blühendes Idstein" work group, we have planted the ballast bed on the roundabout in front of the company campus with greenery. Native plants now offer sustenance for bees, bumble bees, butterflies and moths and enrich the city's image with another colourful habitat.
Furthermore, we set great store in the fact that no herbicides are used on flowerbeds or lawns and only bioorganic fertilizers are used.
- 03/2008 – Greening of large parts of the company campus
- 04/2012 – Installation of insect hotels, nesting and breeding aids and bird baths
- 08/2013 – Greening of the roundabout
Green mobility
Environmentally friendly mobility thanks to rail travel, electric vehicles, pedelecs and company bikes
We act as sustainably as possible with regard to mobility. For our employees, this means that for business trips within Germany and bordering countries, travel should be by rail.Furthermore, we try to avoid air travel wherever it makes sense with the aid of our video conferencing systems.
Other initiatives include:
- Electric vehicles and pedelecs charged with 100% green energy at our own charging station
- Our taxi partner in Idstein uses vehicles running on natural gas at our request
- In 2014, our employees covered just under 4,000 km of their commutes by bike as part of the "Mit dem Rad zur Arbeit" (Go by bike to work) initiative from the AOK health insurer. This saved 400 kg of CO2 and burned over 49,000 calories.
Sustainable shop design
Selecting store furnishings based on sustainability
When furnishing our stores, we are mindful of choosing long-lasting natural materials (such as native woods), as well as using components that are recyclable and less harmful to the environment. Furthermore, we have an energy-saving lighting concept, are mindful of the reusability of elements and completely avoid using PVC (either in flooring or other construction components)
- 02/2012 – Optimisation of store furnishing based on ecological criteria
Environmental Report
A comprehensive overview of our environmental initiatives
Our 2011/2012 Environmental Report outlines our many years of commitment to ensuring environmentally responsible operations. It describes in detail what we've achieved to date and which goals we've set ourselves.
- 07/2012 – Publication of the Jack Wolfskin 2011/2012 Environmental Report
In the wider world
bluesign® system partnership 100% bluesign® by 2020
With the help of the bluesign® system, we are making comprehensive chemical management using the best technology available at all levels of our supply chain a reality
We have been a bluesign® system partner since October 2011. Thanks to the bluesign® system, we can guarantee the sustainable production of textiles. bluesign® eradicates environmentally unfriendly and health-damaging substances from the manufacturing process, right from the start. All stages of the process are fully monitored by an independent auditor in order to guarantee environmentally friendly and safe production, as well as compliance with the strictest consumer protection requirements.
The bluesign® standard stands for
- Safe textiles,
- Environmentally friendly production
- Conscious use of resources
Our goal is to obtain all of our fabrics and 75% of our components (such as buttons, zips, drawcords, etc.) from bluesign®-certified manufacturers from 2020 onwards.
- 10/2011 – Jack Wolfskin becomes a bluesign® system Partner
- 08/2012 – First bluesign®-certified materials in the collection
- 02/2015 – We are able to ensure that 63% of our appointed material manufacturers (fabrics and components) have not used hazardous chemicals, including all preliminary stages. 14% of our material suppliers are currently undergoing the bluesign® screening or implementation phase.
- 02/2016 – Two-thirds of apparel fabrics used in our 2016 summer collection are bluesign® approved and meet the highest standards with regard to an effective use of resources, consumer protection, water and air emissions as well as workplace safety.
MRSL – environmentally friendly production
Ban or limit on using certain chemicals in the production process
MRSL stands for Manufacturing Restricted Substances List and refers to a list of chemicals which should not be used or may only be used in limited quantities as they can be harmful to humans or the environment above a certain concentration.
We have developed a uniform MRSL with the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals group (ZDHC) in order to have the greatest possible influence on our suppliers of fabrics and components, with the full weight of the market power of the companies in the ZDHC behind us.
- 07/2014 – All suppliers are obliged to comply with the MRSL of the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals group view Manufacturing Restricted Substances List
GreenBook – guarantees products free from harmful substances
The requirements regarding products free from harmful substances are listed in the GreenBook
Our requirements for hazardous substances have been summarised in the GreenBook since 2007. All manufacturers, irrespective of whether they supply finished items of apparel, materials or components, must comply with these requirements.
The minimum requirements listed in our GreenBook are based on both worldwide legal requirements, such as REACH, as well as the those of the bluesign® standard and the Oeko-Tex® Standard 100.In order to ensure that the requirements are adhered to, we have outlined a comprehensive test programme to be carried out by independent accredited laboratories in Germany.
- 04/2007 – The GreenBook becomes a binding part of business relationships with all suppliers
- 08/2018: Publication of the updated "Green Book 2018" view here
Phasing out PFCs – Going the extra mile
The phasing out of fluorine chemicals is a done deal. – We have committed ourselves to having fully achieved this aim by 2020
PFCs (perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds) make the outer material of jackets and trousers resistant to water, dirt and oil. The problem is that some chemicals in this group are already known to be toxic (poisonous), persistent (non-degradable) or bioaccumulative (they accumulate in organisms).
As the information available is not conclusive, we would rather err on the side of caution than have to later live with the knowledge that we have damaged people or our planet. We therefore decided in 2012 to eliminate all PFCs from our products by 2020.
In 2009 we had already begun to ban PFOA – a substance that belongs to the PFC group and which was not yet legally regulated but was already regarded critically – from our products.
The switch to PFC-free, water-repellent coatings is in full swing. In order to find straightforward and proven non-critical water-repellent coatings for our products, this topic has become an important issue in our innovation department.
- 01/2009 – Decision to phase out C8 chemicals and ban PFOA
- 09/2012 – Decision to phase out fluorine chemicals
- 02/2013 – Exclusive use of PFC-free waterproof membranes based on polyurethane
- 08/2013 – 50% of Jack Wolfskin's entire collection is PFC-free read the press release of 12/2013
- 02/2015 – 75% of Jack Wolfskin's entire collection is PFC-free read the press release of 06/2014
- 02/2016 – 77% of our apparel products for the 2016 summer collection are already PFC-free. This means that we have reached this target two years ahead of schedule.
- 02/2017 – 89 % of our clothing products in the 2017 summer collection is PFC-free.
Recycled material
Transparency and strict controls
The amount of recycled contents in our products is more and more increasing. In order to ensure transparency regarding the origin, all recycled materials are certified according to the Global Recycled Standard (GRS). To guarantee a compliance with thresholds for harmful substances, we are already using bluesign® approved recycled materials for the very most part. It is our goal to exclusively use bluesign® approved recycled materials from 2020 on.
Gaining knowledge and find options for action
Mircoplastic in the oceans is more and more increasing. Mircoplastic, those are merest plastic particles that accumulate in our environment and may harm ecosystems and human beings. Garments are considered to be one of the sources of microplastic due to the regular washing into washing machines where microfibers are washed out each time. We are fully aware about that problem and decided to find answers for the most pressing questions about microfibers and to define specific options for action. We want to find solutions not only for us as company, but also for the entire outdoor industry and within global contexts.
ZDHC – the way to cleaner production
Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals is our aim
We were the first company in the industry to have joined the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC) programme in 2012. The aim of this group of globally active clothing companies is to ban all dangerous chemicals from the entire production chain by 2020. This ambitious aim can only be achieved by working together with the industry, supervisory authorities and stakeholders. We're doing everything we can to achieve this aim.
- 10/2012 – Jack Wolfskin joins the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals programme read the press release of 09/2012
- 08/2014 – Using regular water tests at our suppliers, we make spot checks to see whether systems already implemented have had the desired effect and no toxic chemicals are being emitted. We ensure transparency by publishing the results of the water tests on our website
- At the end of 2016 the ZDHC published a jointly developed and industry-first Wastewater Guideline – with regard to our regular wastewater tests, we are following this guideline in order to achieve zero discharge in the industry together.
Freight transport – Reducing CO2 emissions
Replacing air freight with shipping: Logistical challenge
Our incoming freight accounts for the majority (approx. 73%) of our total CO2 emissions.
As part of the drive to restructure our procurement processes, we changed our entire production and supply cycle and introduced binding ecological criteria for our global freight transport with regard to the means of transport selected and route planning.
The main aims have always been to replace as much air freight as possible with sea freight and to optimise all transport routes, including pre- and post-transport.
Transparency regarding material and component suppliers
More trust thanks to full transparency
We don't have anything to hide – that's why we decided in 2014 to publish not only our direct suppliers, but also show the upstream steps transparently on our website.
For clarity, the suppliers have been divided into three categories: pioneers, good suppliers with potential for improvement and suppliers who are still in the early stages. This makes it possible to identify developments and make our bluesign® goals understandable and measurable.
- 07/2014 – Publication of material and component suppliers
Sustainable materials and animal welfare
Animal welfare of ducks and geese – no live feather plucking or foie gras
We use down as a lightweigt, comfortable filling material for apparel and sleeping bags. The proportion of down products in our collection is relatively low as a whole.We have adopted a policy forbidding the use of feather down taken from live animals and birds farmed for foie gras. All the down we use is reviewed by the "Responsible Down Standard" (RDS), which is part of the Textile Exchange organisation, to ensure strict adherence to this requirement.
The strict exclusion of feather down taken from live animals and birds farmed for foie gras is a major concern for us. We are therefore in close contact with animal protection organisations such as Vier Pfoten in Germany (Four Paws) and are actively involved in a multi-stakeholder working group for sustainable down production.
- 08/2013 – exclusive use of independently certified down
- 08/2015 – switch to the Responsible Down Standard (RDS) recognised by animal protection organisations
- 08/2017 – exclusive use of RDS certified down
Ban on fur
Jack Wolfskin does not use real fur.
We do not consider it morally justifiable to breed animals just for their fur, or to use furs for fashion purposes.
We are a member of the Fur Free Retailer Program, which is coordinated in Germany by the animal welfare organisation Vier Pfoten.
All of our fur trims are made exclusively from high-quality faux fur.
Strict standards for hazardous chemicals for leather and ban on using species threatened due to leather production
Leather is an important primary material for footwear, and we use high-quality leather for our products. When we select leather, we make sure it does not come from protected species and that it is a by-product of the meat industry. In particular, we have defined very strict standards for the use of hazardous chemicals in the tanning process for the leather we use.
- Since 1981 – Jack Wolfskin has never used leather from threatened species
- 06/2008 – Strict standards for hazardous chemicals for leather
Merino wool
Merino wool is a great raw material for the outdoor industry, which can be used for underwear or socks. However, mulesing is not an option for us!
Mulesing is a procedure still used on Merino sheep in many countries and describes the removal of the skin folds on the animal's buttocks. The procedure is generally done in the first year of the animal's life and without anaesthetic, making it very painful for them. It is used to prevent flystrike and other diseases in sheep caused by insects that can nest in the sheep's thick wool. This practice is on the decline now, but is still common in Australia, for example.
Jack Wolfskin wants to distance itself from this practice and uses certification to ensure that all of its Merino wool is obtained without the use of mulesing.
- 12/2010 – No proven use of mulesing for Jack Wolfskin products
Ban on angora wool
Jack Wolfskin does not use angora wool
Angora rabbits are often not treated appropriately. It can also not be ensured that the animals are not subjected to any suffering when the wool is extracted. For this reason we have decided not to use angora wool.
- Since 1981 – Jack Wolfskin has never used angora wool
100% organic cotton
We have been using cotton exclusively from certified organic sources for all products containing cotton and cotton blends since our summer 2013 collection.
The cultivation of organic cotton is subject to high environmental standards. For example, the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides is prohibited, as is the use of genetically modified seeds. This benefits the environment in the region of cultivation, as well as the cotton farmers, who are no longer exposed to hazardous chemicals during their work.
- 02/2010 – Start of changeover from conventional cotton to organic cotton
- 02/2013 – Exclusive use of certified organic cotton
Recycled material
Recycled material only in selected products and stricter controls
We use recycled polyester in some of our products. In order to ensure transparency regarding the origin and compliance with thresholds for harmful substances, we use exclusively bluesign®-certified recycled materials.
Ban on nanotechnology
No nanotechnology in our products
Jack Wolfskin has not used nanotechnologies since its winter 2010 collection. The reason behind this is that there have not yet been any definitive long-term studies into their effects on the human body that could explicitly exclude any possible risks. As a precautionary measure and out of respect for nature, our customers and our employees, we will wait for reliable results from studies before we make any decisions on the use of nanoparticles in our collection.
- 08/2010 – Ban on using nanotechnology in Jack Wolfskin products
We avoid using polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
We continued to reduce all PVC elements in our entire collection (apparel, footwear and equipment) until the end of 2011 and we have stopped using it completely since April 2012, in line with the principles in our GreenBook.
The supposed advantage of PVC – its durability – is also the crucial disadvantage. The material is extremely robust and barely decomposes. If PVC is burned, it creates corrosive, gaseous hydrogen chloride, which forms hydrochloric acid when combined with water or atmospheric humidity.
As PVC can be replaced by more environmentally friendly materials, we have decided to take this opportunity and no longer use any PVC.
- 04/2012 – All Jack Wolfskin products are 100% PVC-free
Long-lasting and safe
Safe kids' apparel
Safe products – especially for kids – are very important to us
All of our products for kids comply with the German standard (DIN EN 14682) for drawcords and straps on kids' clothing. In the design phase, we make great efforts to design apparel that is not only comfortable, simple and easy to wear, but which also complies with the highest safety standards. Our designers and technicians therefore ensure that small parts such as buttons or zip sliders cannot come loose and be swallowed and that drawcords are attached in a way that they do not pose a danger of strangulation.
- 03/2005 – Since the first publication of the DIN standard on safety for children's clothing, our designers and technicians have observed strict compliance with the recommended requirements of the standard
Products in contact with Food
All products which come into contact with food are subjected to comprehensive tests in order to guarantee maximum safety
Products that come into contact with food in particular – such as our vacuum flasks and aluminium bottles, cups and drinks bladders – undergo comprehensive tests before we put them on the market. The safety of our products has top priority.
Waterproofing Service
Make your clothing weatherproof again with our 100% PFC-free, environmentally friendly waterproofing service!
The right care renews the functional properties of your weatherproof clothing and makes it last longer. With our professional waterproofing service, we offer you optimum care for your TEXAPORE functional apparel. Your items will be washed and impregnated in an environmentally friendly way so that they become fully functional once again and are ready for more great outdoor experiences.
The life cycle of your weatherproof apparel can be significantly prolonged thanks to professional rewaterproofing. Help us to be even more sustainable!
- 02/2015 – Jack Wolfskin offers a professional waterproofing service in selected stores and via the Website
Repair service
Don't replace it, repair it!
With our professional repair service, we can restore products, including patching up small holes to make them waterproof again.
In order to take advantage of the repair service, please bring the faulty product to one of our stores. Our store partners will then send the item to our repair team and you will get your perfectly restored favourite item back.


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Speedwinds needed a new banner ad design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 23 designs submitted by 10 freelance designers.
I am looking for a series of banners that reflect the branding elements of our site located at http://www.sytropin.com. The banners will be used by affiliates to drive traffic to our site. The banners must get the attention of the users and use the same design elements of our site.
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- Ban the bio-reading: Use creative tactics for introducing your speakers, and forbid the reading of bios. Use our When you introduce the speaker: Take 5 post to guide you.
- Watch the clock: By that, I mean start and end on time. Don't say to speakers, "Just take 5 to 10 minutes." Is it 5 or is it 10? That can mean the difference between an on-time performance and an over-long panel. While you're at it, make sure your moderator doesn't let one speaker run on, leaving the others to rush through their remarks...or go overtime.
- Prefer the audience's speaking time: Audience members will always ask the best questions and the questions you couldn't possibly anticipate--and they came to play. So make sure to give them time to speak and ask questions. Want to really delight them? Let audience questions open the session.
- Focus and limit: Inviting too many speakers is the surest way to disappoint your audience, since it means neither speakers nor listeners will have enough time. Got too many great folks? Figure out how to make two panels, do part 1 and part 2 panels, or just get choosy.
Use the Evernote clip button, above, to save this post in an Evernote notebook. Go here to subscribe to Step Up Your Speaking, my free email newsletter that looks at a different speaking topic in depth each month...then become a fan of The Eloquent Woman on Facebook and join the conversation with thousands of other women (and men) about public speaking skills and confidence.


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As of today, I am totally freelance...I am not connected to any stores, groups, organizations or people (except my family). It's OK for now, but I just don't know what direction God wants me to go, so I am staying put...that's it!
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Sunday, November 6, 2011
November 2011
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DETROIT >> Detroit Red Wings goalie Jimmy Howard will be the first to admit he needs to be better.
And his coach agrees.
"We won one round in three years," Wings coach Mike Babcock said. "He had a real good playoff run last year. I don't think he had as good a run this year. The bottom line is we need good goaltending like any other team in the league so the challenge for him is to really compete offseason wise."
Howard has sandwiched two postseason clunkers between a run two years ago that saw him lead the Wings to second round, falling in overtime of Game 7 to the eventual Stanley Cup champ Chicago Blackhawks.
"You want to win more than one game over the course of the playoffs," said Howard, who was named as one of three goalies on the USA Olympic roster. "We have a lot of time here on our hands to think about it and come back more focused next year."
Howard played in just three of the five games in the opening round series with Boston, giving up a pair of bad goals, one each in Game 2 and 3.
"Game 2 making that mistake when the puck was rolling and sending it to poor (Brendan Smith)," Howard said. "It's a tough one. It was in their building and it got their building alive. That's the last thing you want heading in there. For a goalie in the playoffs you want to be stealing wins."
In Game 3, Dougie Hamilton beat Howard over his glove to open the scoring in a 3-0 loss.
"There are 29 other teams in this league that want to win it as well," said Howard, who missed the final two games of the series with the flu. "There is a lot of parity out there. It's no excuse. This organization is all about winning. There needs to be more of a push from myself and everyone else as well."
Howard finished the regular season with his worst goals-against average (2.66) and save percentage (.910) since his second season as the Wings' starter.
"I thought it was an OK season, by no means was it a good or great season," Howard said. "I think I can be a lot better, a lot more consistent for the guys and that's what I'm going to work on over the course of the summer so when the puck drops here in October I'm ready and hitting the ground running."
Howard, 30, has been Detroit's No. 1 goalie for the last five seasons.
The Wings rewarded him last season with a six-year contract extension that pays him on average nearly $5.3 million a year.
"You have to work harder the older you get in the offseason to be that much fitter to improve your game," Babcock said. "We'll talk to him on what we think he needs to improve on and then we need him back better than ever.
"Whether (Petr) Mrazek plays here or (Jonas) Gustavsson plays here, Gus got half our wins this year," Babcock continued. "The bottom line is if you're playing every day you have to earn the right to play every day. If you're a tandem that's what happens but the other guy has to earn the right to make that happen so we'll see what happens."
Gustavsson has been Howard's backup the last two seasons, but numerous injuries have hampered his time here. He's an unrestricted free agent.
Mrazek will likely spend one more season in Grand Rapids before coming to Detroit fulltime.
Howard had a horrible November, which didn't help his numbers. After winning his first start that month, he went 0-3-4 the rest of the month. Over those seven games, Howard had a 3.03 goals-against average and a .899 save percentage. He entered the month with a 2.50 GAA and .915 save percentage.
"I think I can be a lot better, across the board, just with the consistency alone," said Howard, who ended the regular season 7-3-1. "Helping the guys go out there and get wins. It was just one of those years, statistically wise it just wasn't very good. I think I can be a lot better. I've proved in the past I can be better and that's the direction I want to move in."
Howard was drafted by the Wings in 2003 (second round, 64th overall) and the team spent time grooming him in the minors before bringing him up when he was out of options.
In each of Howard's first two full seasons in Detroit he recorded 37 wins, becoming the only goalie in Wings history to win at least 35 games in each of his first two seasons.
His third year he registered 35 wins.
Howard finished second to Buffalo defenseman Tyler Myers in the Calder Trophy race as the NHL's top rookie.


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Moderators: Three Stars, dagny, pfim, netwolf
shafnutz05 wrote:Allagash White is an incredible beer, and I am not even a fan of wits so much. MUST try it.
Toasting with new friends just got a futuristic, and slightly creepy, upgrade.
Budweiser recently unveiled the "Buddy Cup," a pint glass with a built-in chip that connects to Facebook. The cup automatically connects people on Facebook when they clink glasses with another "Buddy Cup" user, creating a virtual friendship instantly.
Opening "softly" this weekend near PNC Park is an interesting new concept: The Beer Market.
It's a beer bar with a huge selection of 500 beers, 50 to 60 of them on draft, that doesn't serve its own food, but lets customers bring in food from neighboring restaurants and enjoy it with their beers and music.
In the Boggs Building at 110 Federal St., this is the second in a chain of beer bars that started in suburban Chicago. Investors now include longtime "General Hospital" and now "The Young and the Restless" actor Steve Burton. He left his old ABC show, where he played Jason Morgan, in January to play a veteran, Dylan McAvoy, on the CBS show.
Over the phone from Los Angeles, Mr. Burton explained that Beer Market customers can bring in food from wherever they want, even home. The menu also lists restaurants in the immediate vicinity that will deliver food. The beer market works with restaurants, even giving them maps of the tables.
canaan wrote:personally, i think its a headache to go to a restauranty-type establishment and then arrange or bring the food portion of the experience. I cant imagine the diversity of the craft selection is that astronomical that it would be worthwhile.
shafnutz05 wrote:canaan wrote:personally, i think its a headache to go to a restauranty-type establishment and then arrange or bring the food portion of the experience. I cant imagine the diversity of the craft selection is that astronomical that it would be worthwhile.
I tend to concur with this. We love our local gastro-pub, because they offer interesting and delicious foods combined with an incredible beer list. If I wanted the experience above, I would merely go to the store, buy a six pack of craft beers, and drink them at home for much cheaper.
MWB wrote:shafnutz05 wrote:
Just had my first Rye of the Tiger IPA, outstanding.
Had that last night. Pretty good.
eddysnake wrote:MWB wrote:shafnutz05 wrote:
Just had my first Rye of the Tiger IPA, outstanding.
Had that last night. Pretty good.
how is the taste on this, is it real hoppy? Thinking about grabbing a sixer of this and Iron City for the game.
Kraftster wrote:because they don't sell mediocre food (Sharp Edge) then you are probably not the real target crowd.
Caramelized Shallot Dip, house made root vegetable chips
Shaved Lamb Sandwich, herb crusted lamb loin wrapped in lamb belly, slow smoked on alder wood chips, Warm LeBus Bakery ciabatta bread, sriracha-kewpie sauce, pickled red onions
Chocolate Chip Raisin-Nut Bread Pudding, Bailey's Irish Crea, anglaise
Kraftster wrote:Sharp Edge is ridiculous. They have gotten totally complacent with their beers because they're the only show in town. They make their food sound fancy, but I've never had any food there that would draw me back. Although the cheap chicken bites nights are nice.
Fatheads has solid food, but I don't think there beer list is all that impressive. Smokin Joes has probably the best beer list in the city, but I can't recall ever being wowed by their food, and I'd go there for the beer anyway.
House of 1000 Beers is hopping these days and they have no food at all, except for some chex mix available at the bar. They are inviting burger trucks, pierogie trucks, and the like to their parking lot, and that seems like its been a big success.
columbia wrote:So can you take your bag of Arby's to that place and slam down a 40 of Schlitz?
Rylan wrote:Sidelines is pretty good.
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As Kim was developing his menu for Flying Pig Truck, he used Chefs Center of California's kitchens to create new dishes. The truck then allowed them to "check how people were going to like some of our menu [items], especially the pork bellies … and things like that, which are not really common on a truck."
After introducing his fare to public praise, Kim says, "it built up our confidence that things were really working out." Kim's plan originally called for a storefront right away, but delays in securing a workable location prompted him to shift gears.
"I had the plan for six months for the truck, and we were hoping to open up the brick-and-mortar [location] some time last year," he says. "It was a long delay and we ended up running the truck for almost 18 months, but it's actually helped us a lot with the marketing."
Media attention, including an appearance on Oprah and a flurry of local TV spots, helped ramp up customer traffic without draining the budget. "We didn't pay anything, but we ended up getting a lot of exposure," Kim says.
When It's Time to Move On
Operators that gain a little traction and attract the beginnings of a customer base while working with an incubator eventually need to spread their wings and experience the industry out on their own. Bressler says some entrepreneurs are quick to jump ahead once they've garnered a bit of success, but that delaying growth can also cause problems.
"Sometimes people will wait much longer than they should, when they have to take slightly more aggressive steps to ensure the long-term viability of their fledgling businesses," he says. Timing for the next steps depends on the business and what the owner feels comfortable with, he says. "This could be something that takes place in the first several months of operation, or it could be several years down the line. It really is just going to depend on the person and the marketplace at that time."
Three months after launch, the Flying Pig Truck team kicked its social media program into overdrive.
"We really started updating our tweets and people were calling us, asking where we were going to be," Kim says. "When we open up the brick and mortar, we should be able to do well."
A desire to more fully embrace her company vision prompted Hughes to leave the relative safety of ACEnet and strike out on her own. "In order to grow, I needed to say, 'This is what I am,'" she says. Renting her own space was expensive, but, "to establish my own identity, I needed a separate place."
Most incubators offer a variety of services and resources to help their businesses grow. For example, Chefs Center of California has partnerships that allow them to offer business development classes and workshops, and Bressler works with operators on business administration, including how to leverage the Center's microlending programs. North Market, meanwhile, employs its own marketing and graphic design staff who handle the Market's needs, but who also help individual operators on things like social media, signs, and fliers. The team also provides tenants with access to a small onsite business suite that has computers, Internet access, printers, fax machines, and even postage.
Schaller and the team at ACEnet provide assistance with market analysis, brand development, and managing balance sheets and financial statements. They also have a loan fund for alums.
Although every budding quick serve has its own growth model and resource needs, many young business operators are finding that, especially in rough economic times, incubators can provide a supportive environment to help them find out what works for them and their business.
"What we're looking at is trying to help people find a successful model for themselves that will actually end up as a positive payday for them at the end of the day," Bressler says.
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The World of Warcraft movie doesn't just have a release date. It has a cast now as well.
If you were expecting BIG NAMES on this list, you won't find them. The actors announced by Legendary and Universal Pictures are:
- Ben Foster (Six Feet Under)
- Travis Fimmel (Vikings)
- Paula Patton (Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol)
- Toby Kebbell (War Horse)
- Rob Kazinsky (Pacific Rim)
- Dominic Cooper (Captain America)
Note that obviously these aren't the only actors, just the first to be officially signed to the project, so the door is still open for big-name announcements later down the line. Or, not... the more famous the star, the more distracting it might be for a movie like this.
According to this report on Slashfilm, the movie starts filming early next year, with Blizzard's Mike Morhaime and Paul Sams acting as executive producers. Blizzard's Chris Metzen, Rob Pardo and Nick Carpenter will co-produce.
WarCraft Cast Revealed [Slashfilm]


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Keith McNally
About the Author
Keith McNally was born in London and moved to New York in 1975 where he worked in a series of restaurant jobs from oyster-shucker to busboy to general layabout. In 1980 he opened his first restaurant, The Odeon. Since then he has opened Cafe Luxembourg, Nell's, Lucky Strike, Pravda, Balthazar, Pastis, Schiller's, Morandi, Minetta Tavern, Pulinos's as well as Balthazar in London. He's also written and directed two feature films, End Of The Night and Far From Berlin. In 2010 he was mistakenly given the James Beard Award for Outstanding U.S. Restaurateur.


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The social networking site Facebook has become an inescapable phenomenon for college students, but little systematic research has studied why these students use Facebook. I conducted an online survey among Facebook users at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N=1,049) to examine why they use Facebook and how it fulfills their needs. The most prevalent use of Facebook was as a social activity – students reported using Facebook with friends to view and discuss other people's profiles. Essentially, Facebook appears to operate primarily as a tool for the facilitation of gossip.
What exactly is Facebook?
Understanding the Facebook user
Uses and gratifications theory
Facebook, voyeurism and exhibitionism
Since its inception in February 2004, Facebook (http://www.facebook.com) has rapidly become not only one of the most popular Web sites for social networking, but also one of the most popular sites overall. Facebook currently ranks as the sixth most trafficked site in the United States and the number one site for photosharing (Facebook, 2007). It has been featured in several national publications, including Newsweek (Schwartz, 2005) and USA Today (Kornblum and Marklein, 2006), and has injected the verb "facebook" into young America's lexicon (Francisco, 2005). According to Facebook spokesperson Chris Hughes (2005), Facebook is available at every university in the United States.
Despite the ubiquity of Facebook among the collegiate population, little research has been done on Facebook itself as Facebook opened to the public only in early 2004. No studies have examined why students use Facebook or how it fulfills their needs. The purpose of this research project is to understand what motivates college students to use Facebook and how Facebook gratifies these motivations.
What Exactly Is Facebook?
According to its Web site, Facebook is "a social utility that enables people to understand the world around them." Originally, people with a university email address could create profiles divulging information about themselves and search for people at their university or other universities. The exclusivity to those with university email addresses has since slackened, opening Facebook up to networks based around high schools, companies and regions as well (Facebook, 2007).
Facebook is part of the current cultural phenomenon of social networking services (SNSs), Web sites that connect people. MySpace and Friendster are two other common SNSs, and scores more exist, such as MeetUp, Orkut, Tribe.net and Ryze (Nagele, 2005).
By the time of Facebook's founding, social networking had already become a blazingly hot new Internet trend. Mark Zuckerberg was able to capitalize on this trend when he launched Facebook on 4 February 2004 (Francisco, 2005). The site began at Zuckerberg's university, Harvard, and grew rapidly. Facebook had 4,300 users after only two weeks. In a month, Facebook had become such a hit that it started expanding to other universities. In a year, Facebook was available at universities in Europe (Harvard Crimson, 2005). Only 20 months after going public, Facebook had already expanded to every university in the United States and had an estimated value of US$100 million (Francisco, 2005).
Understanding the Facebook user
To understand why people are motivated to use Facebook, it is important first to understand the standard Facebook user. According to comScore Media Matrix, people aged 18 to 24 disproportionately use online communication methods (comScore, 2005). It is also this 18 to 24 demographic that constitutes 51 percent of SNS users (Hitwise, 2005).
This places the typical Facebook user into the life stage sometimes called emerging adulthood. Emerging adulthood is a transitory period between adolescence and adulthood occurring from the age of 18 to the midtwenties. At this age, people are experiencing freedom by living on their own for the first time and not yet having a family of their own or a career.
This life stage is significant. In 1950 the median ages of marriage for men and women were 22 and 20, respectively. In 2000, however, the median ages of marriage had risen by five years for both genders. Since the rates of college attendance are now higher than ever, families and decisions on career paths occur later in life than usual (Arnett, 2004).
With the age of first marriage older than ever before, a gap is created. This gap represents a time period when individuals are no longer in their original families but are yet to be in their chosen, created families (Arnett, 2004).
To fill this gap, people are relying on their networks of friends for support and to take on the role of a surrogate family. These networks can form groups, donned "urban tribes" by journalist Ethan Watters, and can be functional units that take on many of the roles that a traditional family would fill. Some of these groups care for each other when sick, help each other move furniture or loan each other money when financial times are hard (Watters, 2003).
SNSs such as Facebook give emerging adults a way to maintain and build their friendship networks. By connecting to people in the same geographical area through SNSs, it's easier than ever for people to connect to groups and join urban tribes (O'Murchu, et al., 2004).
Uses and gratifications theory
Uses and gratifications (UG) theory attempts to explain how people use the media to gratify their wants and needs, what motivates their behavior and what are the consequences of their uses of media. With the advent of the Internet, this perspective seems even more relevant. Audiences undoubtedly play an active role in the messages they receive from the Internet because to find information, they must actively seek it out (Bryant and Zillman, 2002).
Motivations and selection patterns have been studied across a variety of media, such as quiz programs, radio serials and newspapers (Bryant and Zillman, 2002). McQuail (1972) studied users' motivations for watching television and outlined four main needs that people use the media to satisfy. These were diversion, personal relationships, personal identity and surveillance needs. Diversion needs involve a need to escape or a need for emotional release. Personal relationship needs are motives to connect to others. Personal identity needs include use of the media to help people form, adjust and understand their own identity. Finally, surveillance needs inspire use of the media for information and understanding of the audience's environment (McQuail, 1972).
Facebook, voyeurism and exhibitionism
Facebook also provides a venue for voyeurism. People can peruse the profiles of various users, read about other users' interests, read their friends' comments on their walls or view their friends. People can even scroll through a user's photo albums and see all of the pictures that that user has uploaded of themselves and all of the pictures that other users have uploaded with that user in it. Profiles can link to other, sometimes more personal, Web sites about the user. Some profiles link to other photo albums or to online journals.
Facebook thus may cultivate what Calvert (2000) refers to as "mediated voyeurism." According to Calvert's definition, mediated voyeurism is:
"…the consumption of revealing images of and information about others' apparently real and unguarded lives, often yet not always for purposes of entertainment but frequently at the expense of privacy and discourse, through the means of mass media and Internet." [1]
Voyeurism could be important in understanding the use of Facebook. Some motivations for engaging in mediated voyeurism that are applicable to Facebook are finding other people to relate to (Andrejevic, 2004), trying to gain knowledge about others, or boosting one's selfesteem by deriding others (Calvert, 2000).
Voyeurism wouldn't be possible without the existence of exhibitionism, or selfdisclosure. Without people willing to put their profiles on Facebook, Facebook wouldn't exist. Different suggested motivations for this sort of exhibitionism include the need to clarify or express one's identity, the need to validate oneself within the social matrix, the need to disclose personal information as a means of developing a relationship and the need to exert social control (Calvert, 2000).
Facebook may operate as an outlet for exhibitionism. Through profiles, users can clarify their chosen identities. By establishing a large network of friends, users can validate their social viability. In establishing a Facebook account, users leave open the opportunity for others to forge a relationship with them. And, in discriminating between whom to befriend or from whom to accept friendship requests, users exert social control.
To understand what motivates emerging adults to use Facebook and how Facebook fulfills these motivations, an online survey was conducted. The survey was designed to measure different possible motivations for using Facebook and the importance with which different uses of Facebook were ascribed.
Participants were selected from the Facebook website at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Ten profiles of undergraduates appeared on each page. The ten people whose profiles were listed on every other page were contacted by their listed school email address and asked to participate in the study. Profiles that were obviously not those of real students (e.g., "Corn Cob Bob" or "Paris Hilton") were not used; the next valid profile was used in its place.
About onefourth (N=3,944 or 26.5 percent) of the undergraduate population at UNCCH on Facebook in summer 2005 were contacted. A total of 1,049 students responded to the questionnaire, resulting in a response rate of 26.6 percent.
The first part of the questionnaire measured how important participants considered their ability to perform 38 specific actions on Facebook. Actions included "poking others," "writing on friends' walls" and "joining groups," among others. Participants were asked to rate how important they valued their ability to perform these actions on a fivepoint scale, with one being "very unimportant" and five being "very important."
The second part of the questionnaire measured the students' motivations for using Facebook. Participants were asked to rate how much they agreed or disagreed with 50 statements on a fivepoint scale, with one being "strongly disagree" and five being "strongly agree." Potential motivations were designed to assess the dimensions derived from previous discussions on emerging adults, uses and gratifications theory, voyeurism and exhibitionism.
The questionnaire was pilot tested with a group of undergraduates and revisions were made based on their feedback.
The selected participants were contacted by email. The email directed the participants to a Web site where they could complete the questionnaire. After completing the questionnaire, the participants were given the option of providing contact information to be entered into a drawing for a dinner for two at a local restaurant, which 93 percent of respondents did. Reminder email messages were sent out to all participants who had not completed the questionnaire a week later, encouraging those who hadn't taken the questionnaire to do so. All questionnaires that were submitted within six days of initial contact were included in the analysis.
A principal components analysis was performed on the items measuring how important respondents rated different uses for Facebook and respondents' motivations for using Facebook. The component analysis identified eight underlying components of uses (Table 1) and nine motivations (Table 2). Items with component score coefficients higher than 0.6 were considered strongly correlated with the component and items with component score coefficients between 0.4 and 0.6 were considered moderately correlated with the component. Items with component scores below 0.4 were considered too weakly correlated with a component to be used for further analysis.
Table 1: Components of uses of Facebook.
Notes: Only loadings greater than 0.400 are included. Extraction method: principal components analysis. Rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
Misc. features
Friend functions
Personal info.
Regulatory functions
Practical info.
Social timeline 0.737 Random profile generator 0.704 Pulse 0.665 Friend details 0.591 Social network visualization 0.582 Be friends with high school students 0.550 Poke others 0.469 Check out Web sites of individuals 0.412 Browse group memberships 0.760 Make groups 0.740 Accept or decline group invites 0.648 Look at someone's groups 0.644 Make fake profiles 0.590 Group discussion boards 0.568 Accept or decline friend requests 0.699 Browse through other's friends 0.691 Review your friend list 0.684 Add friends 0.681 See how you are connected to others through friends 0.583 Browse through other's photos 0.736 Look for photos of a specific person 0.716 Read personal info 0.647 Read walls 0.574 Write on walls 0.493 0.425 Look up people to show someone else who they are 0.414 0.450 Change the content of your wall 0.663 Privacy settings 0.619 Update info 0.407 0.479 Message others See who listed your courses 0.771 Look at other courses 0.725 Get contact info for others 0.515 Find events 0.807 Plan events 0.776 Birthday reminder 0.606 Search for people sharing your info -0.403 Search for people who fit certain criteria
Table 2: Components of motivations for using Facebook.
Notes: Only loadings greater than 0.400 are included. Extraction method: principal components analysis. Rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
Personal expression
Collection and connection
Initiating relationships
Social utility
Herd instinct
Use Facebook to waste time 0.815 I use Facebook to put off doing other things 0.815 It's entertaining to browse through Facebook 0.641 I'm addicted to Facebook 0.610 I use Facebook out of habit 0.546 Facebook is fun 0.506 Facebook helps me escape from stress 0.481 0.432 I make fun of other Facebook profiles 0.453 I use Facebook because I'm curious about what others are up to 0.433 If I meet someone interesting, I'll look them up on Facebook Facebook lets me craft my identity 0.678 Facebook allows other people to understand who I am 0.665 I put a lot of effort into my profile 0.612 I try to make my profile represent what kind of person I am 0.536 0.404 I use Facebook to understand certain people better 0.512 0.404 I'm less lonely with Facebook 0.496 I like to see how other people react to my profile 0.461 I adjust my profile based on how other people react to it 0.411 I'd like to get a lot of Facebook friends 0.619 Facebook helps me conceptualize my social network 0.600 Facebook is like a catalogue of my social contacts 0.593 I'm interested in seeing how many friends I have on Facebook 0.588 Facebook is like my collection of people I know 0.577 Facebook helps me feel connected to everyone 0.519 I feel like part of a community on Facebook 0.468 0.513 Facebook helps me organize my social life 0.498 I use Facebook so I can get in touch with someone if I need to 0.785 I use Facebook to keep in contact with people 0.723 I use Facebook so others can get in touch with me if they want to 0.713 I use Facebook like an address book or a directory 0.634 I use Facebook to help me keep track of people 0.549 0.473 I use Facebook so I can find people in my classes to talk about work 0.511 0.493 I use Facebook to help find dates 0.801 I use Facebook to find hookups 0.786 I use Facebook to help find romance 0.742 I make friends with people through Facebook 0.517 I use Facebook to find out about parties or other events 0.438 I keep tabs on people through Facebook 0.567 I use Facebook because I'm nosey 0.457 0.511 I like looking at pictures of attractive people on Facebook 0.411 0.470 I compare myself to other people on Facebook 0.463 I stalk people on Facebook 0.445 Facebook helps me know what to talk about with certain people 0.419 I like knowing how people are connected on Facebook I look at Facebook with friends 0.620 I talk with other people about Facebook 0.581 I like things such as fake profiles or funny Facebook groups 0.599 I like finding people like me on Facebook I'm on Facebook because everyone else is 0.714 Facebook keeps me from being left out 0.424
Because there was no obvious conceptual connection between the five items loading on component eight in both sets of items, these components were not included in the analysis.
The items loading on each of the 15 remaining components were combined and weighted using their component score coefficients so that they complied with the same fivepoint scale with which they were initially measured. To do this, items were multiplied by their component score coefficients, added to the other items in that component grouping, and then divided by the sum of the component score coefficients. Thus, seven new items were created measuring the importance of different uses for Facebook (Table 3), and eight new items were created measuring different motivations for using Facebook (Table 4).
Table 1 lists the different components for uses of Facebook. The first component was a conglomeration of various Facebook features and was labeled "Miscellaneous Features." As is shown in Table 3, these features were not valued highly by most Facebook users.
Component two, "Groups," was comprised of grouprelated items except for make fake profiles.
Table 3: Ranking of Facebook uses.
Notes: N = 1,001. Items on a five-point scale: 1 — Very unimportant, 2 Unimportant, 3 Neither important nor unimportant, 4 Important, 5 Very important.
Uses Description Mean Standard deviation Friend functions Accepting, adding, browsing through, or reviewing friends; seeing how friends are connected; showing friends other individuals. 3.91 0.737 Personal information Reading personal information, looking through photos, reading walls, etc. 3.78 0.701 Practical information Course and contact information. 3.38 0.912 Regulatory functions Features that offer users control over their accounts, i.e., updating info or photos, privacy settings or editorial control over walls. 3.32 0.901 Groups Features related to Facebook groups. 2.55 0.804 Events Finding or planning events. 2.34 1.039 Misc. features Friend details; social timeline; pulse; poking; social Web visualization; being friends with high schoolers; etc. 2.08 0.712
Table 4: Ranking of Facebook motivations.
Notes: N = 920. Items on a fivepoint scale: 1 — Strongly disagree, 2 Disagree, 3 Neutral, 4 Agree, 5 Strongly agree.
Motivation Description Mean Standard deviation Social utility Using Facebook with friends; talking with others about Facebook. 3.91 0.691 Directory Use as a directory and to keep track of people, such as for class information. 3.71 0.682 Voyeurism Learning about others from a distance; comparing oneself to others. 3.13 0.731 Herd instincts Usage because everyone else does; not wanting to be left out. 3.08 0.865 Collection and connection Amassing friends; organizing friends; feeling connected to others. 3.04 0.759 Personal expression Expressing oneself, such as to develop relationships; gaining feedback on oneself; having others understand oneself. 2.69 0.722 Initiating relationships Meeting people, particularly for romantic or sexual reasons; finding parties or events. 1.98 0.652
Component three, "friend functions," included friendrelated features, such as friend lists, adding, declining or accepting friend requests and looking at the connections among friends.
Look up people to show someone else who they are is an interesting item in that it loads on both components three and four. While not exactly a feature of Facebook, it is using Facebook to find someone's profile and show a friend who they are. Because of this, the item fits right in with the voyeuristic qualities of component four, personal information. Many of these items involve using Facebook to gather personal information about others, whether through their photos, the personal information section of their profile or their wall.
Component five, "regulatory functions," is composed primarily of features that offer users control over their accounts, such as the ability to update profiles or photos, privacy settings or editorial content over one's wall. It is unclear why messaging others is also positively related to these uses. However, this item loaded only moderately on component five, whereas all of the other items loaded strongly.
Component six loads strongly on Facebook's courserelated features, but also on contact information. Thus, component six was labeled "practical information."
Component seven, "events," loaded strongly with both finding and planning events on Facebook.
Table 3 shows how Facebook users value each of the use components. Friend functions ranks the highest. Personal information, practical information and regulatory functions were all also valued by Facebook users. Neither groups nor events seemed too important to Facebook users, as both scored on the lower half of the scale. Miscellaneous features served as a catchall for Facebook features deemed unimportant by users.
Table 2 shows the different components for motivations for using Facebook. The items for each component don't always smoothly fit together under one clear motivation, so all of the items for each component were examined for overriding themes.
Component one, diversion, strongly mirrors McQuail's motivation of diversion. Diversion entails the use of Facebook as a means of entertainment, escape or out of habit. Also, being motivated to use Facebook out of curiosity loads moderately on this component.
Component two, personal expression, seems tied to the previously discussed motivations for exhibitionism. One, it involves using Facebook of a means of creating an identity and expressing it. Two, it involves the hope that others will understand and appreciate this identity. Three, it involves adjusting this identity based on how others react to it.
Component three, collection and connection, involves using Facebook to collect friends, organize and conceptualize one's social network and feel more connected to others. As previously discussed, emerging adults have frequently changing social lives and may be in search of surrogate families or "urban tribes." Those motivated by collection and connection may be using Facebook to instill social stability into their lives and to feel connected to others.
The fourth component, directory, is the motivation of using Facebook as an index or reference guide. People who are motivated to use Facebook for this use Facebook to find out how to contact someone, to allow others to contact them if they need to, or to find out who is in their classes so that they can contact them about schoolwork.
Component five, initiating relationships, primarily entails using Facebook to initiate relationships, often romantic or sexual, or to find parties or other events.
The sixth component, voyeurism, is tied to the previously discussed motivations for voyeurism. These users use Facebook to keep track of people and because they're curious about what other people are up to. Voyeuristic users use Facebook to compare themselves to others. This motivation additionally entails using Facebook to learn about other people from a distance to achieve social efficacy.
Users motivated by the seventh component, social utility, use Facebook as a social activity with friends and as a topic of conversation. These users build and strengthen relationships with Facebook. It is important to note that this is not the same as building or strengthening relationships through Facebook, however. This component also loads on putting a lot of effort into one's Facebook profile, but with a component coefficient of 0.404 and the cutoff point being 0.400, this loading is weak in comparison to the other two.
The ninth and final component, Herd Instinct, is simply the bandwagon effect. These users use Facebook because everyone else is and they don't want to be left out.
Table 4 answers the question of why emerging adults are using Facebook, with the most prevalent motivation being social utility. Directory and diversion are both also common motivations for using Facebook. The motivation of initiating relationships, on the other hand, is rather uncommon, as is the motivation of personal expression.
The motivation components were correlated with the original 38 use items (Table 5). Only items with a correlation of 0.4 or greater (ρ < 0.01) were included in the tables. In Table 5, we see which specific Facebook uses are correlated with the motivations.
Neither herd instinct nor initiating relationships is notably correlated to any use. As could be expected, getting people's contact information is notably correlated only with directory, updating one's info is notably correlated only with personal expression, and reviewing one's own friend list is notably correlated only with collection and connection.
Table 5: Correlations between Facebook motivations and specific Facebook uses.
Notes: N: 9991,040. All items (Pearson productmoment correlation coefficients) are significant at ρ < 0.01. Correlations above .40 are highlighted. Only items with at least one correlation >e; 0.40 are included.
Specific uses Motivations Diversion Personal expression Collection and connection Directory Initiating relationships Voyeurism Social utility Herd instinct Update information 0.31 0.41 0.35 0.28 0.20 0.31 0.37 0.12 Get contact information 0.13 0.18 0.21 0.44 0.17 0.24 0.22 0.06 Read other's personal information 0.43 0.41 0.37 0.29 0.23 0.47 0.40 0.15 Writing on walls 0.41 0.35 0.42 0.22 0.21 0.29 0.37 0.12 Reading walls 0.48 0.39 0.42 0.19 0.26 0.42 0.39 0.18 Browse through photos of others 0.41 0.35 0.37 0.26 0.27 0.41 0.40 0.19 Look for photos of a specific person 0.37 0.35 0.35 0.31 0.31 0.43 0.38 0.20 Look at the groups of others 0.37 0.43 0.38 0.29 0.24 0.43 0.32 0.20 Review friend list 0.31 0.38 0.43 0.25 0.23 0.34 0.35 0.15 Browse through friends of others 0.38 0.39 0.43 0.25 0.27 0.44 0.39 0.28 Add friends 0.38 0.41 0.45 0.35 0.20 0.38 0.47 0.15 Look up people to show someone else who they are 0.39 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.15 0.40 0.53 0.16
Every item correlated above 0.40 with voyeurism involves learning about other people through Facebook. It is even moderately correlated with reading other people's walls but not with writing on them.
Reading other people's walls is also the primary way in which Facebook users gratify the motivation of diversion.
The highest correlation here is between social utility and looking up people to show someone else who they are. Because social utility is the most prevalent motivation for using Facebook, this relationship is of special importance.
The most prevalent motivation for using Facebook is as a social activity. Typical Facebook users use and talk about Facebook with their friends. They look at people's photos, read their profiles with their friends and talk about them. They use Facebook to show their friends who someone else is. Essentially, Facebook operates primarily as a tool for the facilitation of gossip. It makes sense that Facebook would be ideal for this kind of communication. With Facebook, for those interested in gossip can bring up everything they need to talk about their subjects, from photos to a list of their interests to the status of relationships.
Facebook users do have other motivations, too. Facebook works handily as a directory of their friends' contact information, practically eliminating the need for address books. And, if people need information about class and they can't think of any classmates offhand, Facebook can offer them a list of their classmates and their contact information. Thus, it shouldn't be surprising that the use of Facebook as a directory is its second most prevalent use.
It's worth noting that these two motivations are likely to be applicable specifically to Facebook and not to SNSs in general. Because Facebook is centered on colleges, people are more likely to already know others in their Facebook directory or to be able to recognize them than on SNSs that aren't geographically based, such as MySpace. Gossip is more interesting when it involves people one knows, so other SNSs may not work as well as a tool for gossip. Similarly, the contact information of strangers on MySpace may be less useful than that of friends or classmates on Facebook.
One motivation that may be more applicable to other SNSs is initiating relationships. Though seemingly uncommon on Facebook, this motivation may have more of a home on other SNSs where the purpose is to meet new people.
Diversion may be a motivation that is applicable to both Facebook and other SNSs. On Facebook, this motivation is gratified through such uses as browsing through people's photos or reading their profile. Of note is that walls play a seemingly large role in the gratification of this motivation, particularly with those using Facebook for entertainment. Reading and writing on other people's walls is the main way that people use Facebook for fun.
Both voyeurism and exhibitionism were revealed as motivations for using Facebook. However, using Facebook to create and express an identity is rather infrequent. Interestingly, there are a couple of items loading on this component that have to do with a motivation to be accepted by and connected to others, indicating that that those who engage in exhibitionistic behavior may be doing so as a means for acceptance, both on Facebook and in other venues.
Voyeuristic use of Facebook, on the other hand, is far more commonplace. The gratification of this motivation is exactly as would be expected: reading personal information, looking through photos, seeing who someone's friends are, reading walls, etc.
One might think that because of Facebook's ubiquity, it benefited greatly by the snowball effect – a couple of people got on Facebook, then a few more got on because it seemed like the thing to do, and then herd instinct led people to Facebook in droves. While that's not necessarily false, the data indicate that this is not a primary motivation for why people use Facebook.
Some people use Facebook to collect, organize and feel connected to friends. These users like to amass a large social network on Facebook and look over their collected friends. This isn't a particularly strong motivation for users, but it isn't a weak one either.
It is interesting to note that users tended to value personal information more than practical information, however, indicating that Facebook is valued less for utilitarian purposes and more for social purposes.
Facebook could potentially gratify a variety of motivations. People could use Facebook because they just transferred to a new school and want to find and meet new people, or to see who is in their art history class so they can call them and find information about the next test. Some could use Facebook to discover a potential love interest's favorite music, to keep in touch with old friends from high school, to put off doing work, or just because everyone else is using Facebook.
Though all of these, to varying degrees, seem to be reasons why people use Facebook, the most prevalent way in which people use Facebook is as a social utility. Counter to what may be intuitive, the primary way in which Facebook contributes to socializing isn't by offering a medium through which people can meet and communicate with others. Instead, it's by acting as a virtual watering hole that dispenses information about peers.
About the author
Brett A. Bumgarner is a graduate from the school of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of North at Chapel Hill.
I appreciate the guidance of Dr. Jane Brown, Paul Jones and Fred Stutzman in making this paper possible.
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Editorial history
Paper received 6 September 2007; accepted 10 October 2007.
Copyright ©2007, First Monday.
Copyright ©2007, Brett A. Bumgarner.
You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults by Brett A. Bumgarner
First Monday, Volume 12 Number 11 - 5 November 2007
A Great Cities Initiative of the University of Illinois at Chicago University Library.
© First Monday, 1995-2019. ISSN 1396-0466.


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ANAHEIM, Calif. - UC Santa Barbara ended the first half on a 13-3 run and began the second with an 8-0 surge to blow open a close game en route to a 72-52 win in a quarterfinal contest in the Big West Tournament at Honda Center in Anaheim, Calif., on Thursday.
The two-time defending champion Gauchos (19-9) led just 30-26 after the Tigers' (11-19) Lorenzo McCloud made back-to-back three-point baskets, the second coming with 4:16 to play in the first half. But led by James Nunnally and Keegan Hornbuckle who scored five points apiece, UCSB closed the half with a 13-3 stretch to take a 43-29 halftime lead.
"That was very important, the way we responded to McCloud making those back-to-back threes," said head coach Bob Williams. "That, and the way we opened the second half, really decided the game.
T.J. Taylor started things in the second half with a 16-foot jumper from the right corner. After Jaimé Serna made one of two free throws, Orlando Johnson hit a pair of his own and then a three-pointer with 17:56 to play, pushing the Gaucho lead to 51-29.
Travis Fulton made a layup to stop the UCSB run, but the lead ultimately expanded to 29 twice, the final time at 67-38 on a three-pointer by Nate Garth with 7:26 left in the game. Pacific never got closer than the final margin, 72-52.
Johnson, who scored just two points in the first half, had 13 in the second half and finished with a team-high 15 to lead a balanced attack. Kyle Boswell sparked the big first half rally, making all three of his three-point attempts, and finished with 12. Nunnally had 11 while Serna, Hornbuckle and Taylor each added seven.
UCSB committed a season-low six turnovers and shot 45.6% for the game, 53.3% in the first half. The Gauchos also made 10 three-pointers, three apiece by Boswell and Nunnally. They also limited the Tigers to 38.9% from the field and forced 16 turnovers.
"To have just six turnovers on a stage like that, in a game like that, is very impressive," Williams said. "We obviously took very good care of the basketball and that was one of the biggest differences in the game."
UCSB has now won four straight games this season and six straight in the Big West Tournament dating back to 2010. The Gauchos will play in the semifinals on Friday night at Honda Center, most likely at 9:00 p.m. If the seeds hold, they would play Cal State Fullerton.


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UBM and CCCMC Announce the Launch of Concrete Show China 2013
16 Nov, 2012, 05:42 GMT
SHANGHAI, Nov. 16, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- UBM in association with the China Chamber of Commerce for Metals, Mineral and Chemicals Importers and Exporters (CCCMC) is delighted to announce the launch of Concrete Show China which will take place from 26-28 June 2013 at Shanghai World Expo Exhibition & Convention Centre.
Concrete Show China will provide the perfect platform to meet and network with industry professionals during three days in a dynamic and focused business environment. The event will bring together buyers and suppliers to experience and interact with a full range of concrete products and services, enhance industry knowledge and engage in ground breaking discussion. Together, these will present a powerful opportunity to build essential business contacts and networks.
"Concrete plays an important role in the Chinese building materials market. By learning from the international concrete industry and by promoting the Chinese bulk cement, precast concrete and mortar industries we can help build an energy-saving and eco-friendly society. It is the right time for CCCMC and UBM to introduce the world-renowned Concrete Show to China. I wish the show great success," said Yu Yi, Vice President, CCCMC.
"We all have seen the advances achieved in the concrete construction industry in China in the last five years. Given the growing demand for more sophisticated and innovative products and technology, there is much anticipation for further advancement in the next decade. In addition to UBM's concrete shows in Brazil, India and Indonesia, we are delighted to partner with CCCMC to launch Concrete Show China and provide a world class platform for industry professionals to learn, inspire and collaborate," added Margaret Connolly, Managing Director, UBM China (Shanghai).
Concrete Show China will be the latest addition to the global Concrete Show portfolio which includes the highly successful Concrete Show South America which took place from 29-31 August 2012 in Sao Paulo. "We welcomed over 500 exhibitors from 25 countries to the three day event which is the largest event for this sector in Latin America," said Claudia Godoy, Managing Director, UBM Sienna. Concrete Show South East Asia will take place from 24-26 October 2013 at the Jakarta International Expo and Concrete Show India will take place from 13-15 March 2014 in Mumbai. The shows will feature outdoor machinery displays as well as practical product information in a highly interactive environment. For more information, visit www.concreteshowchina.com
About UBM
UBM plc is a leading global business media company. We help organisations make connections, communicate their proposition and do business effectively. We enable professional people in more than 40 countries around the world to connect and engage with each other, with the markets they serve and with the information they need to succeed. Our 6,500 expert staff are deeply embedded in the many specialist communities we serve, bringing both an unusual depth of understanding and real know-how. We organise hundreds of live events each year; we provide data, marketing and information products; we offer a portfolio of market- leading online and print titles; and we support professional communicators through our targeting, distribution and monitoring services.
For more information visit www.ubm.com
About CCCMC
China Chamber of Commerce of Metals, Minerals & Chemicals Importers & Exporters (CCCMC) was established in Beijing on Sept. 1, 1988. Until, CCCMC has over 5,100 members, whose business covers ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, non-metallic minerals and the related products, coal and its related products, building materials, hardware, crude oil and its products, chemical products, plastics and its products, fine chemical products, agricultural chemical products, rubber and its products, among other commodities. Around 250 CCCMC members are ranked as Top 500 companies of China according to their import and export volume. CCCMC's members are the largest and most representative enterprises in the metals, minerals & chemicals industries, which could represent the whole level and strength of these industries.
For more information visit www.cccmc.org.cn
International Enquiries
Kevin Zhou
Khush Kazmi
Senior Project Manager, UBM Shanghai
Development Director, UBM BE
T: +86 21 6157 7237 (Direct)
SOURCE UBM China (Shanghai)


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facebook - 2019-08-18T05:09:37.000Z
Infosec blog, ramblings about things, generally just wanting to educate, opinions are either my own or used as reference. Might as well assume nothing is true, but with a little knowledge and reference, you should be able to test to prove for yourselves. That's the goal anyway.


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