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Farnsworth House
Commission brief: In winter 1945, Mies van der Rohe and Dr. Edith Farnsworth met at a dinner party near the end of the year. During their first encounter the two discussed Dr. Farnsworth's desire to build for herself a retreat from Chicago on a large plot of land that she owned in Plano, Illinois. In the following days, Farnsworth secured Mies for the commission.
Design brief: By 1946, the basic design of the house was established. The house was intended to serve as a weekend retreat for Edith Farnsworth, a single Chicago doctor. The house is strategically placed yards from the banks of the Fox River. To cope with common rising tides that occur during the spring months, Mies designed the house to sit 5 feet 3 inches above ground level. The south elevation, from which the house is entered, faces the river. In addition, the house is framed by the presence of a large sugar maple, also on the south elevation. The house is essentially a single room in which the only visual barrier is the central mechanical core containing the kitchen, two bathrooms and all heating and electrical equipment.
The open composition was not at all common in domestic spaces and was admired almost immediately by architect Philip Johnson. In 1949, Philip Johnson's Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut, which he openly admitted was inspired in part by the Farnsworth House, was completed. An early rendering of the Farnsworth house shows a narrow, cylindrical core very similar to the core of the Johnson house. Although the design process lasted for approximately two years (1945-47), very little change in the plan as noted after 1946.
Building/ construction: In September 1949, delayed due to financial constraints, construction on the house began. Construction was not completed until October of 1951. First, the steel frame was welded into place and sandblasted to remove all seam lines. Subsequently, pre cast concrete slabs were installed for the floor and ceiling, supported by a total of eight steel columns. A radiant heating system was installed in the floor, followed by travertine flooring and finally the large, plate glass walls.
The house, most simply described as a floating glass box, is 77 feet 33 inches long and 28 feet 8 inches wide and sits 5 feet 3 inches above the ground. The glass walls of the building stand between two rectangular pre-cast concrete slabs, supported in total by eight steel columns sandblasted smooth and painted white. The wall-to-ceiling glass was made possible by hanging the floor and roof from wide flange piers. With the exception of the steel columns, the building is connected to the ground by a small, cylindrical mechanical core. In addition, stairs and a secondary floating platform, 55 feet 3 inches by 22 feet 8 inches, lead to a porch in front of the entrance to the house creating an asymmetrical composition. This idea is perpetuated in the placement of the entrance to the house-slightly off center, giving the house an occult sense of balance. The travertine flooring inside and out is laid in an uninterrupted grid pattern of equally sized slabs with use of the material continuing in the stair treads that lead to both the platform and the porch. Although the length of the house runs parallel to the Fox River, the stairs to the porch, located on the south elevation, are perpendicular to this forcing a ninety degree turn in order to gain entrance to the house. The core of the house, faced entirely in primavera wood serves as the means for defining the various spaces of the house without internal enclosures. The house is located in a clearing, yards from the Fox River, reinforcing a connection with the natural environment. When the house was planned and constructed, the sugar maples present on the site were used to create a frame for the building. The placement of the house in a rural setting is important to the conception of the house, since Mies intended one to visually intermingle with nature throughout the year.
Surrounding area/ buildings: garage, pool and boathouse (non contributing)
Visual relations: The garage, pool and boathouse are located out of viewing range of house.
Functional relations: Dr. Farnsworth added the garage shortly after moving in while Palumbo was responsible for the pool and boathouse.
Completed situation: The house was built to take advantage of the beauty of the natural landscape. It is situated in a small clearing yards away from the Fox River and is complimented by the close proximity of several sugar maple trees and brush, creating for the inhabitant the sense of merging into the natural environment.
Original situation or character of site: In the design and planning of the house, Mies was careful to utilize the existing natural conditions of the property and alter as little as possible. To him, the house was meant to join with the landscape, not assert itself in opposition to it.
The clear span steel and glass structure allows for a breadth of space without the presence of columns internally. The use of this construction method marks one of the earliest examples of this idea later developed on a larger scale with projects such as Crown Hall at IIT in Chicago and The National Gallery in Berlin. In its minimalism, the self-supporting structure represents the realization of Mies' treatise on design to a degree unachieved in his past and subsequent projects aided by the relatively small scale of the building. In addition to the tectonic quality achieved by the steel piers, they provide a sculptural aesthetic to the skeleton.
Socially, the most notable aspect of the Farnsworth House is in the implicit connection with nature that Mies conveyed through the house. The placement of the house in a bucolic setting against the Fox River is integral to Mies' composition. It is meant to completely immerse the inhabitant in the environment. The architect is quoted as saying, "when one looks at Nature through the glass walls of the Farnsworth house, it takes on a deeper significance than when one stands outside. More of Nature is thus expressed—it becomes part of a greater whole."
The aesthetic merits of the house are intrinsically tied to its structure. Structural clarity, expressed through the steel columns and the horizontal, cantilevered planes they support enhances the serene, floating image of the house at the edge of the Fox River. In addition, the heightened transparency of the glass between the cantilevered planes dissolves the barriers between internal and external environments. The vibrant vegetation surrounding the house is responsible for its subdued tones—painted white steel, natural stone and glass acting as the palette onto which an ever-changing picture is displayed. Canonical Status: Upon its completion, the house was featured in Architectural Forum, where it was not only described in terms of its "precise and detailed" construction but also in terms of "pure simplicity of concept." Most importantly, this was recognized as "the will of an epoch translated into space," serving as a physical manifestation of Mies' ideas regarding architecture and the individual, namely that architecture should be "an objective, impersonal backdrop against which an individual...can develop freely." Since its construction, the house has been considered an achievement of modern architecture, melting away the boundaries that differentiate inside from out and dissolving the entire building down to only that which is absolutely essential, achieving a maximum of transparency in the process.
During its design phase, the Farnsworth House became the inspiration for another critically acclaimed work, Philip Johnson's glass house,which also capitalizes on a minimal use of materials and a connection with the environment. These two houses have become iconic examples of the ascetic ideals in mid-century modern architecture. Although similar in design ideals, there are important differences in construction and meaning between the two, particularly that unlike the Farnsworth House the Glass House is "symmetrically balanced" and "firmly rooted to the ground." The Farnsworth House is a progression of Mies' earlier work in Europe including the Barcelona Pavilion (1929) and the Tugendhat house (1930). Here, the reduction of elements in the composition serves as the synthesis and refinement of these earlier works into the style and ideas that Mies van der Rohe became recognized for.
Sarah J. Hahn Resource Center, Farnsworth House Visitor Center, 14520 River Road, Plano, Illinois, 60545, contains written records, correspondence, and photographs pertaining to the Farnsworth House
5.2 Principal publications (in chronological order)
"This is the First House Built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe", Architectural Forum, v.95, 1951, pp. 64-67
SCHWEIKHER, Paul, "One Hundred Years of Significant Buildings," Architectural Record, February, 1957, pp. 199-210
BLAKE, Peter, The Master Builders: Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, New York; Knopf; 1960
PRATT, Steven, " 'Glass House' Owner Asks for New Hearing," Chicago Tribune, Aug. 15, 1998, p. W4
PALUMBO, Peter, "Farnsworth Impressions," Inland Architect, vol. 30 no. 2, 1986, pp. 42-47
SPAETH, David, "The Farnsworth House Revisited," Fine Homebuilding, Apr./ May, no.46, 1988, p. 32-37
FRAMPTON, Kenneth, Modern Architecture: A Critical History, New York; Thames and Hudson; 1992; ISBN: 0500202575
SCHULZE, Franz, The Farnsworth House, Chicago; Lohan Associates; 1997; ISBN: 0966084004
BLASER, Werner, Farnsworth House Weekend House/ Wochenendhaus, Boston; Berkhauser; 1999; ISBN: 3764360895
FLAMINI, Roland, "The Farnsworth House Restored: Mies van der Rohe's Illinois Icon Survives the Flood," Architectural Digest, v.56, 1999, pp.66-68
ABERCROMBIE, Stanley, "Much Ado About Almost Nothing: Rescuing Mies' Farnsworth House, a Clear and Simple Statement of What Architecture Can Be," Preservation: The Magazine of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, Sept./ Oct., v.52, n.5, 2000
"Lord Palumbo puts Farnsworth up for Sale After City Deal Collapses," The Architect's Journal, v.218, 2003, p. 4
SWANSON, Stevenson, "Preservationist Groups Use Donations to Win Bidding for Chicago-Area Landmark," Chicago Tribune, 14 Dec., 2003, p. 1
GOLDBERGER, Paul, "Farnsworth: The Lightness of Being," Preservation: The Magazine of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, July/August, v.56, n.4, 2004, pp. 36-39.
RAYNSFORD, Anthony, "National Register Nomination Report for Farnsworth House," 2004, pp. 1-23
CLEMENCE, Paul, Mies van der Rohe's Farnsworth House, Atglen; Schiffer Publishing; 2006; ISBN: 0764324438


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Olive Leaf hand soap
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LOWER MANHATTAN — Twenty years after Stephen Knapp Jr.'s father was killed when terrorists exploded a massive truck bomb in the basement of the World Trade Center, the pain still hasn't subsided.
"You keep going, but sometimes it feels like just yesterday that it happened," Knapp, 38, said Tuesday on the 20th anniversary of the attack. "It will always be hard."
Knapp and more than 100 others, including survivors, victims' family members, Mayor Michael Bloomberg and former Mayor David Dinkins, gathered at the 9/11 Memorial for a brief ceremony to commemorate the Feb. 26, 1993 World Trade Center bombing that left six people dead and more than 1,000 people injured.
A moment of silence was observed at 12:18 p.m., the moment of the deadly blast.
Knapp then read his 47-year-old father's name, along with the names of two other victims, John DiGiovanni, 45, and Robert Kirkpatrick, 61. Another's victim's son, William Macko Jr., read his 57-year-old father's name, along with the names of victims Wilfredo Mercado, 37, and Monica Rodriguez Smith, 35, who also lost her unborn child.
Family members then placed white roses by the six victims' names, which are inscribed in bronze alongside the names of the victims of the 9/11 attacks, on the north side of the memorial's northern reflecting pool.
"He was a simple man, but a great man," Knapp said of his father, the chief mechanical maintenance supervisor for the World Trade Center, as he choked backed tears after placing roses on the inscribed name. "He loved what he did — and we'll always love him."


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Ofcom has granted the UK operator partnership Everything Everywhere permission to roll out its 4G network early. It could technically be available in time for the launch of the 4G iPhone 5.
Under the agreement, Everything Everywhere – which is comprised of Orange and T-Mobile – will be able to use its 1800MHz spectrum to offer a 4G network service in the UK from September 11 2012.
Ofcom came to this decision because it "will deliver significant benefits to consumers," while being confident "that there is no material risk that those benefits will be outweighed by a distortion of competition."
Everything Everything's rivals, understandably, would disagree. Responding to the decision, Vodafone made this statement:
"We are frankly shocked that Ofcom has reached this decision. The regulator has shown a careless disregard for the best interests of consumers, businesses and the wider economy through its refusal to properly regard the competitive distortion created by allowing one operator to run services before the ground has been laid for a fully competitive 4G market."
Not too happy, then.
Still, for UK customers the possible availability of Everything Everywhere's 4G service could come at an interesting time. Apple's iPhone 5 is widely expected to be announced on September 12 – and one of its new features should be 4G connectivity. Who would have thought we could have a 4G iPhone in the UK by the end of 2012?
We still may not, as Everything Everywhere won't necessarily be ready to roll with its 4G offering straight away. Also, there's no saying for sure that the iPhone 5 will support the UK 4G spectrum – the new iPad's 4G model is incompatible with current European 4G standards.
We should also remember that Everything Everywhere's initial 4G coverage is likely to be less than comprehensive. All caveats aside though, this is a positive step for UK smartphone users.


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Today, we celebrate the outstanding efforts of park rangers around the globe on the occasion of World Ranger Day. Thanks to their bravery and dedication, nature's most inspiring places stand a chance in the face of menacing threats, such as illegal poaching or forest clearing.
Recognizing the immense contribution of these individuals, some of whom have lost their lives while on duty, Prince William has joined the celebrations this year through a heartfelt letter to the International Ranger Federation and the Thin Green Line Foundation.
Prince William reminds us of the grim figure of over 1,000 park rangers who have paid the ultimate price while guarding protected areas in the last 10 years. "The staggering sacrifice that you and your colleagues have paid underlines just how dangerous – and how critical – your work is," he writes.
"You are the frontline, the thin green line of the planet's critical conservation battle."
Since last year's World Ranger Day, 85 deaths among park rangers have been reported and confirmed around the world, but the actual figure is estimated to be two to three times greater if unreported deaths are taken into account.
The Ranger Roll of Honour of the 2013 World Ranger Day lists the names of those brave individuals who lost their lives in the past 12 months, including the elusive "Unknown Ranger" representing all unreported and unconfirmed rangers who died in that time.
The Roll of Honour shows that nearly one in two reported deaths were caused by homicide, with an overwhelming majority (82.5%) of those who were killed coming from African countries. Poaching, illegal logging and mining, armed conflict and drug trafficking are often at the root of such horrific acts.
Park rangers also face environmental hazards, such as bushfires, floods or dangerous animals, considered normal in their line of work.
While protected areas generate better livelihoods through community engagement, job opportunities and skills development, many rangers must cope with threats on a regular basis and take personal risks to carry out their work.
"The world's protected areas generate economic. cultural and spiritual benefits that are an investment in all of our lives." said Trevor Sandwith, Director of IUCN's Global Protected Area Programme. "We have to work harder to ensure that the world respects and values those dedicated men and women, communities and peoples who maintain these world's most precious places".
The International Ranger Federation and The Thin Green Line Foundation work together to highlight this situation. Through training, capacity building and exchange programmes, they help park rangers to be well trained and properly equipped to manage the world's protected areas. They also provide support to the families of rangers that have died in service.


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|This is the article on volume 12 of the manga. For chapter 105, head to The Great Flight!!.
|The Great Flight!!
|(大いなる飛翔!!, Ōinaru Hishō!!)
|Volume Info
|Desiring Apprenticeship?!
|The Chūnin Exams, Concluded…!!
|Release Date
|May 1, 2002 ISBN (4-08-873259-6)
|December 5, 2006 ISBN (978-1-4215-0242-7)
The Great Flight!! (大いなる飛翔!!, Ōinaru Hishō!!) is volume 12 of the Naruto manga.
Chapter 100
- "Prepared for an Honourable Defeat…!!" (玉砕覚悟…!!, Gyakusai Kakugo…!!)
Naruto begins the fight by creating a few shadow clones. Neji easily defeats them all despite the fact that the clones attack from his blindspot. Neji tells him to give up, since, as he explains it, Naruto was fated at birth to fail while he was destined for greatness. Naruto attacks again with even more shadow clones, but Neji ignores them, noticing that one Naruto is staying out of Neji's reach. Assuming that this is the real Naruto, Neji attacks him. The Naruto disperses while the real Naruto attacks Neji from behind, having hidden amongst his shadow clones.
Chapter 101
- "One More…!!" (もう一つの…!!, Mō Hitotsu no…!!)
Naruto manages to punch Neji, but Neji deflects the attack with his Eight Trigrams Palms Revolving Heaven. Combining his Byakugan's 360° vision with his ability to emit chakra from any part of his body, Neji is virtually impervious to attack. Hiashi Hyūga, the head of the Hyūga clan, is amazed that Neji, a member of the clan's branch house, can perform this technique and at such a young age. He is even more amazed when Neji attacks Naruto with the Eight Trigrams Sixty-Four Palms. Naruto's chakra is sealed off but he refuses to give up, unwilling to lose to someone who believes in "failure". Hinata's concern for Naruto and the injuries she earlier received from Neji cause her to start coughing up blood. An Anbu offers to help her.
Chapter 102
- "A Bird in a Cage…!!" (籠の中の鳥…!!, Kago no Naka no Tori…!!)
As a Anbu tends to Hinata, Neji explains the cruel background of the Hyūga clan by first revealing the cursed seal on his forehead. When Hinata, the Hyūga heiress, turned three, Neji received the cursed seal to bind him to a life as her protector. Because Neji had much more natural talent than Hinata, his father, Hizashi, also a member of the branch house, came to resent this denial of Neji's potential. Soon afterwards, when Hiashi, head of the Hyūga clan and Hinata's father, killed a Kumogakure ninja that tried to kidnap Hinata. Hizashi, Hiashi's twin brother, was given to Kumogakure as a body double to ease relations between Kumo and Konoha. Neji concludes that his father was brought into the world so that he could die for the main branch's benefit.
Chapter 103
- "Failure!!" (落ちこぼれ!!, Ochikobore!!)
The Anbu healing Hinata finishes and gives her a chance to rest. He then knocks out Kiba. Meanwhile, although Neji believes his story proves the existence of fate, Naruto still refuses to give up. Neji attacks Naruto but he keeps getting back up, saying that he knows what it is like to bear something as seemingly unshakable as destiny. With his own chakra gone, he requests the Nine-Tails to give him its own. As its chakra starts flowing through Naruto, Neji is left speechless by the chakra's demonic qualities and its healing Naruto's wounds. Watching veteran ninja of Konoha are also surprised, recognising the fox's aura from twelve years earlier.
Chapter 104
- "The Power to Change…!!" (変える力…!!, Kaeru Chikara…!!)
When Naruto is invigorated with enhanced speed and strength by the Nine-Tails' chakra, he attacks Neji. Neji has difficulty keeping up, but is able to match Naruto's attacks. As the Nine-Tails' chakra clashes with Neji's Eight Trigrams Palms Revolving Heaven, the two are flung apart. When the dust clears Naruto lies defeated. Neji starts to berate him for thinking he could win when Naruto bursts from the ground beneath him and delivers an uppercut. Seeing that Naruto used a shadow clone to cover the hole he dug, Neji scolds himself for being defeated by Naruto's signature ability. Naruto corrects him by saying that creating clones was always his weak point, so Neji should stop obsessing over inescapable destiny.
Chapter 105
- "The Great Flight!!" (大いなる飛翔!!, Ōinaru Hishō!!)
The crowd praises Naruto's victory, with the veteran ninja impressed that he could learn to control the Nine-Tails' power. As Naruto basks in the attention, Neji is taken away to recover. Hiashi comes to visit him to tell him the truth of Hizashi, Neji's father's, death. When relations between Kumo and Konoha became strained and Kumo wanted Hiashi's head, Konoha and the Hyūga clan suggested substituting Hiashi with Hizashi. Hiashi was reluctant to offer up his brother, but Hizashi insisted, wishing to choose his fate at last by dying, not for the clan's benefit, but to save his brother. Neji doubts the validity of the story until Hiashi bows his head for forgiveness. Moved, Neji realises that it is true and abandons his concept of destiny, instead expressing a desire to become strong enough to never lose again.
Chapter 106
- "Sasuke Disqualified…?!" (サスケ失格…!?, Sasuke Shikkaku…!?)
The second match of the finals is scheduled to be between Sasuke and Gaara. Since Sasuke is missing the Third Hokage considers disqualifying him, but the Fourth Kazekage suggests postponing the match since so many members of the audience are looking forward to it. The fight between Shino and Kankurō is to take place but Kankurō, having expected the Konoha Crush to begin before his match, forfeits so that he doesn't need to reveal his puppet's modifications. Shikamaru versus Temari takes place instead. When Shikamaru shows little enthusiasm, Temari attacks him.
Chapter 107
- "The Guy with Zero Motivation!!" (やる気ゼロの男!!, Yaruki Zero no Otoko!!)
Shikamaru hides from Temari in a patch of trees. Ino yells to him to end the fight quickly, but Chōji predicts that Shikamaru will find some reason to forfeit. Temari gets increasingly annoyed because Shikamaru is hiding and not fighting in a conventional way. Shikamaru tries to catch Temari with his shadow but she, while dodging it, realises that it has a limited range. She also reasons that he is hiding in the trees to take advantage of the trees' shadows to extend his range. Knowing that he will only gain more shadows as the battle progresses, Temari tries to end the fight quickly. After meditating on the factors of fight, Shikamaru comes up with a plan and, after avoiding her attacks, tries to catch her again, but she stays out of its range once more.
Chapter 108
- "A Plot Leading to Victory…?!" (勝利への伏線…!?, Shōri e no Fukusen…!?)
Out of his shadow's current range, Temari considers how to defeat Shikamaru. While thinking she realises that he has gained a new shadow source: a parachute made from his shirt that provides some much needed surface area. She avoids the attack and formulates a plan. As she is about to implement it she notices she has finally been captured. Now forced to mimic his movements, Shikamaru lets her see how she was caught: he had been navigating her to the tunnel that Naruto created during his match, where he was hiding his shadow. Having been manipulated for the entire battle, Temari prepares for defeat when Shikamaru forfeits, claiming to have exhausted himself from trying to catch her, fulfilling Chōji's prediction.
Author's Note
|Recently, DVDs have become prominent at movie rental stores. Certainly, DVDs are nice because unlike videotapes, you can just rent one disc and not have to choose what kind of audio track you want or whether you want subtitles or not until right when you watch it. That's really great, but... DVDs don't include coming attractions before the main feature. That's what I was looking forward to...
—Masashi Kishimoto, 2002


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Las Vegas, NV — The Nevada Neurosciences Institute (NNI) at Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center announced today that Kelly Schmidt has joined their practice. Dr. Schmidt is a neurosurgeon specializing in adult and pediatric neurosurgery.
Dr. Schmidt obtained her Medical Degree at the George Washington University School of Medicine in Washington, DC, graduating with Distinction. She then completed both her residency in neurosurgery and her fellowship in pediatric neurosurgery at the University of Texas Southwestern in Dallas, Texas.
Dr. Schmidt is highly skilled and treats both pediatric and adult patients with a wide variety of neurosurgical conditions including but not limited to:
- Brain and Spine Tumors
- Degenerative Spinal Disorders
- Brain and Spine Trauma
- Hydrocephalus
- Chiari Malformation
- Epilepsy
- Chronic Pain and Spasticity
- Congenital conditions of the Skull, Brain, and Spine
Dr. Schmidt has numerous published articles and chapters in pediatric and adult journals and textbooks on such topics as brain tumors, trauma, and intracranial endoscopy.
About Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center and Sunrise Children's Hospital
Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center offers high-quality, patient-centered healthcare to the residents of Southern Nevada and its surrounding region. As Nevada's largest acute care facility and Level II Trauma Center, located just minutes away from the Las Vegas Strip, we care for patients from all over the world. A Consumer Choice award-winning hospital for 16 years, Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center is the region's healthcare leader. Located on the same campus is Sunrise Children's Hospital, Nevada's largest, most comprehensive children's hospital. Together, we offer a full range of services for both children and adults. The Heart Center at Sunrise features an Accredited Chest Pain Center and the most advanced cardiac care. The Nevada Neurosciences Institute – the region's most comprehensive Joint Commission Certified Primary Stroke Center – provides world-class care for stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and other neurological conditions. We offer Nevada's only pediatric open heart program and the state's largest Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The Breast Center at Sunrise Hospital is the only Accredited Breast Center in Southern Nevada. We also feature a Certified Cancer Center, a dedicated Pediatric Emergency Department, The FLEX Program for joint and spine patients, Southern Nevada's only Accredited Inpatient Rehabilitation Unit, 24/7 in-house Pediatric Intensivists and Obstetricians, Robotic-Assisted Surgery, and Nevada's only Gamma Knife Center.
Need to find a physician or get answers to your health questions? Call (702) 233-5454.
About the Nevada Neurosciences Institute (NNI) at Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center
The Nevada Neurosciences Institute (NNI) at Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center offers world-class neurological care right here in Southern Nevada. We care for both adult and pediatric patients with a wide variety of neurological conditions, including:
- Stroke
- Epilepsy and seizures
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Parkinson's disease and extreme tremors
- Chronic migraines
- Concussions and brain injuries
- Other injuries and disorders of the brain and spine
All of our physicians are board certified/eligible with special training in their individualized fields. Our Rehabilitation Unit is the only unit in Southern Nevada to be accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF). We offer complete neuro-rehabilitation services for optimal care following a surgical procedure.


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Being HIV positive is not fun, at least not for me. At some point, a person who is in my shoes starts thinking about the process of medications, doctors visits and everything in between that they have to do to keep themselves as healthy as possible. I believe that this is possibly one of the greatest stressors for people with any chronic illness.
I typically tend to go from well to having no energy throughout the day constantly. After awhile, it becomes tiring trying to keep up with everything. So I have contemplated stopping medications due to just an abundance of stress I experience on an off-and-on basis. Grant you, my cocktail worked great for me. I have remained undetectable for years and my cd4 count is in a good range. However, I wonder if all the medical problems I am experiencing are related to taking them, sort of as a long term effect. I don't know. That is purely my opinion not that it may be correct at all. Sometimes I wonder when is enough, enough. Maybe I am just stubborn and tired of following the same routine. I am used to change and I love it.
I am very aware of the challenges of not taking medicines especially when I have been through the wringer with a variety of health issues in the last few years. I have always had a strong belief in getting advice from someone who knows what it is like to be in your situation. I was curious on the opinions that would come forth once I asked my question on Facebook.
All these lovely individuals are absolutely right. My medication is a lifeline and I really loathe the thought of getting worse. I love the idea but I can't do that I suppose. My life is too beautiful to just go out like that. Way too beautiful, besides I have worked too hard in my life to turn back now. It is great to know I am not alone in this fight. Sometimes having a reminder that others understand is the reward you need just to be kind to yourself and do what is right for YOU.
Read Ria's blog Lyfe Positive.


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Damon Phillips, author of Shaping Jazz: Cities, Labels, and the Global Emergence of an Art Form, recently sat down with Princeton University Press' Eric Schwartz to discuss his new book and some of the topics it covers.
There are over a million jazz recordings, but only a few hundred tunes have been recorded repeatedly. Why did a minority of songs become jazz standards? Why do some songs–and not others–get rerecorded by many musicians? Shaping Jazz answers this question and more, exploring the underappreciated yet crucial roles played by initial production and markets–in particular, organizations and geography–in the development of early twentieth-century jazz.
Damon Phillips considers why places like New York played more important roles as engines of diffusion than as the sources of standards. He demonstrates why and when certain geographical references in tune and group titles were considered more desirable. He also explains why a place like Berlin, which produced jazz abundantly from the 1920s to early 1930s, is now on jazz's historical sidelines. Phillips shows the key influences of firms in the recording industry, including how record companies and their executives affected what music was recorded, and why major companies would rerelease recordings under artistic pseudonyms. He indicates how a recording's appeal was related to the narrative around its creation, and how the identities of its firm and musicians influenced the tune's long-run popularity.
Applying fascinating ideas about market emergence to a music's commercialization, Shaping Jazz offers a unique look at the origins of a groundbreaking art form.
Damon J. Phillips is the James P. Gorman Professor of Business Strategy at Columbia University and a faculty affiliate of Columbia's Center for Jazz Studies and the Center for Organizational Innovation.


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The Town of Estes Park has received a $50,000 grant from the Northern Colorado Community Foundation that will complete funding for a Fall River corridor master planning process.
The town previously was awarded a $94,000 grant from the Colorado Water Conservation Board.
"That's great," said Estes Park Town Administrator Frank Lancaster. "However, it's going to be a very complex issue with all the private property ownership. It will have to be a coordinated effort."
The master planning involves the restoration of Fall River from Rocky Mountain National Park border to the confluence with the Big Thompson River.
Town officials say the goal is to complete the Fall River stream corridor master plan before the 2014 spring runoff, so that actual restoration can be completed by the end of August, 2014.
Under the direction of the Estes Park Community Development Department, a watershed planner skilled in community outreach and facilitation will lead the formation of the plan. The planner will establish a Fall River coalition, facilitate public outreach and community meetings, and solicit/submit scientific and engineering design options.
The end result will be a comprehensive conceptual design and a budget for implementing the plan itself.
The master plan will address:
– How to minimize the impact of future flooding on homes and businesses
– How to minimize the impact of business disruption and resulting economic loss
– Steps to restore Fall River's ecological health.
The plan will be collaborative in nature. The Fall River coalition will include and/or draw on the expertise of hydrologists, engineers, environmental stewards, impacted home owners and business owners and the community at large.
The town also has budgeted $61,000 in 2014 for floodplain needs within the town and has become a Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) sponsor, which funds high risk bank stabilization work identified by NRCS before spring runoff.
Property owners along Fall River and Fish Creek are encouraged to join an e-mail list to receive updates pertinent to river restoration within each corridor. Residents can sign up by updating the subscriber profile at the bottom of any town e-mails they already receive, or they can sign up for the first time at facebook.com/townofestesparkco using the "Join our e-mail list" link.
If you have questions, call the Town's Community Development Department at 577-3721 or go online to estes.org/communitydevelopment.


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[tweetmeme source="wordpress" service="tinyurl.com"]
The 2011 Horizon Report was released few days ago. The annual Horizon Report describes the continuing work of the NMC's Horizon Project, a research-oriented effort that seeks to identify and describe emerging technologies likely to have considerable impact on teaching, learning, and creative expression within higher education. Like the reports published in previous years, the 2011 Horizon Report describes six areas of emerging technology that will have significant impact on higher education and creative expression over the next one to five years. The areas of emerging technology cited for 2011 are:
1. Electronic Books (1 year or less)
2. Mobiles (1 year or less)
3. Augmented Realty (2-3 years)
4. Game-based Learning (2-3 years)
5. Gesture Based Computing (4-5 years)
6. Learning Analytics (4-5 years)
The following key trends and critical challenges are discussed in the executive summary.
Key Trends:
- The abundance of resources and relationships made easily accessible via the Internet is increasingly challenging us to revisit our roles as educators in sense-making, coaching, and credentialing.
- People expect to be able to work, learn, and study whenever and wherever they want.
- The world of work is increasingly collaborative, giving rise to reflection about the way student projects are structured.
- The technologies we use are increasingly cloud-based, and our notions of IT support are decentralized.
Critical Challenges:
- Digital media literacy continues its rise in importance as a key skill in every discipline and profession.
- Appropriate metrics of evaluation lag behind the emergence of new scholarly forms of authoring, publishing, and researching.
- Economic pressures and new models of education are presenting unprecedented competition to traditional models of the university.
- Keeping pace with the rapid proliferation of information, software tools, and devices is challenging for students and teachers alike.
The 2011 Horizon Report can be downloaded at:
http://www.nmc.org/pdf/2011-Horizon-Report.pdf (1.6Mb, 40 pages)
Also, you can view and comment on the Web version of 2011 Horizon Report at:


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FRITZ!Box 7369 Service - Knowledge Base
AVM Content
- FRITZ!Box 7590
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- FRITZ!Box 7581
- FRITZ!Box 7560
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- FRITZ!Box 6890 LTE
- FRITZ!Box 6840 LTE
- FRITZ!Box 6810 LTE
- FRITZ!Box 6591 Cable
- FRITZ!Box 6590 Cable
- FRITZ!Box 6490 Cable
- FRITZ!Box 5491
- FRITZ!Box 5490
- FRITZ!Box 3490
- FRITZ!Box 3390
Telephone does not ring when you receive a call
Although you can make calls over the FRITZ!Box, one or more of your telephones sometimes do not ring or never ring when you receive a call to a landline number and/or internet telephone number.
Note:All instructions on configuration and settings given in this guide refer to the latest FRITZ!OS for the FRITZ!Box.
Simply proceed as described below. After each measure, check whether the problem persists.
1 Number of calls via a DECT repeater is limited
When you receive a call, a maximum of two of the telephones located in the coverage area of a DECT repeater from a different manufacturer ring. If you are using a FRITZ!DECT Repeater or a FRITZ!Box in DECT repeater mode, up to five telephones ring at the same time.
2 Disabling the Do Not Disturb function, call blocks, and call through
The telephone may not ring because the Do Not Disturb function, call blocks, call diversion, or call through is enabled in the FRITZ!Box. Disable these functions in the FRITZ!Box:
- Click "Telephony" in the FRITZ!Box user interface.
- Click "Telephony Devices" in the "Telephony" menu.
- Click the (Edit) button for the respective telephone.
- Click on the "Do Not Disturb" tab, disable any "Do Not Disturb" settings, and click "OK".
- Click "Telephony" and then "Call Handling", and delete any call blocks that may be present.
- Click on the "Call Through" tab. If the tab is not displayed, enable the Advanced View first.
- Disable call through and click "Apply".
3 Disabling "DECT Eco"
The following steps are only necessary if the problem occurs with a cordless telephone:
- Click "DECT" in the FRITZ!Box user interface.
- Click "Base Station" in the "DECT" menu.
- Disable the option "DECT Eco" in the "Radio Field Strength" section.
- Click "Apply" to save the settings.
If the telephone rings now, then the DECT connection to the telephone was disturbed. All devices that emit radio waves are possible sources of interference. These include DECT base stations, baby monitors, mobile telephones, and television antennas, for example. If the telephone does not receive the "wake up" signal from the FRITZ!Box in time and does not wake up from standby mode, repositioning the telephone may help.
4 Connecting the telephone directly to the FRITZ!Box
The following steps are only necessary if the telephone is connected to a PBX that is connected to the FRITZ!Box:
- Disconnect the telephone from the PBX and connect it directly to the FRITZ!Box.
If the telephone rings now, then the PBX is incorrectly configured. Refer to the manufacturer for instructions on how to configure the PBX.
5 Defining telephone numbers for telephones
- Click "Telephony" in the FRITZ!Box user interface.
- Click "Telephony Devices" in the "Telephony" menu.
- Click the (Edit) button for the respective telephone.
- Configure the telephone so that it reacts to incoming calls to the desired telephone number: Enter the number under "Outgoing calls" or "Incoming calls", or enable the option "React to all numbers".
- Click "OK" to save the settings.
6 Having your numbers checked
If the telephone still does not ring when you receive calls to an internet telephone number although the internet connection and internet telephone number were configured correctly, then your internet telephony provider is experiencing a problem:
Important:After porting telephone numbers (for example after switching to an IP-based line), telephone numbers can often be used immediately for outgoing calls. However, you cannot receive calls to these numbers for one or two days because the telephone numbers are not completely ported until then.
- Contact your internet telephony provider and have your number checked.


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- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
It was a pomegranate kind of day. Red, bright and wonderful.
The papery-thin reddish blossoms in our yard draw both beneficial and pestiferous insects. Honey bees are there for the pollen and nectar; ladybugs are there for the pesky aphids. Occasionally we see another pest, the spotted cucumber beetle (which prefers cucurbits).
The pomegranate, an ancient fruit native to Persia (what is now Iran), is a long-lived tree. Indeed, some pomegranate trees in Europe are more than 200 years old. One in our yard spans 85 years.
Spanish settlers introduced the pomegranate into California in 1769, and today, the state leads the nation in the production of pomegranates. Agricultural statistics show that in 2010, California's San Joaquin Valley alone blossomed with an estimated 22,000 acres of pomegranates. That's about 200 trees per acre.
One of the primary pomegranate varieties is "Wonderful." The honey bees and ladybugs think so, too!


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<Welcome to the Remotely Operated Vehicles Committee of the Marine Technology Society - your source for information, news, articles and opportunities pertaining to the remotely operated vehicle industry, remotely operated vehicles and ROV technology .
Since their introduction into the commercial world in 1970s,unmanned vehicles have become essential not only in the exploitation and development of deepwater oil and gas reserves - far beyond the reach of divers -but also in many other areas. Robotics technology developed primarily for the ROV industry has also been adapted for a wide range of other applications, including the space exploration and the building of the Space
If you are a manufacturer, or operator or are involved in providing topside or subsea equipment related to Remotely Operated Vehicles, please add your information to this website. Go the Submit Information page, or just click here.
Underwater Intervention February 6-8, 2018 - Morian Convention Center, New Orleans
The world's premier event for Remotely Operated Vehicles, Commercial Diving Contractors, Manned Submersibles, and all other aspects of the Underwater Operations Industry took place at the Morial Convention Center in New Orleans, LA.
For details UI 2014 and to visit the Underwater Intervention website, click here .


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Larry Derfner
Tragedy, farce and denial in Kiryat Malachi
The three Israelis killed on Thursday were innocent - but the State of Israel is not. Where is the house that got hit with the rocket, I asked the guy behind the counter of a snack bar in Kiryat Malachi on Thursday. Go to the third traffic circle and make a left, he said. I got to the street, parked my car and started walking toward the satellite dishes, TV truck and the crowd. It's a poor neighborhood on the edge of a poor town, across the street from open fields. The buildings are old, shabby tenements with dirt…Read More... | 43 Comments


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We spend vast amounts of time testing, refining and tuning our kites. We bring every line of kites to the point where it will satisfy just about any user and refine each line of kites so that each is based toward one type of user or a certain type of conditions. We are constantly working to ensure we have the best kites on the market.
You don´t know which is the correct kite for you?
Just click the legend on the left an adjust the bars to your personal style. The best fitting kite will always be the first picture.


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Hydraulics usually is called on to generate motions that require high force, rapid movement, and precise positioning. This is true of industrial applications as well as those in the entertainment industry — especially today's big theme parks. Although these characteristics often are demanded in legitimate (live) theater productions, they do not necessarily play the lead role. Versatility is just as important or perhaps more so because a system must operate successfully even if application parameters change drastically after a system has been installed. The ability to tune — not just fine-tune — operation of an electrohydraulic system may be its most beneficial quality for live theater.
Versatility holds down costs
Ideally, hydraulic systems for legitimate theater should be designed to operate close to capacity. However, such systems often would have to be redesigned because new loads and speeds often exceed those originally specified. These re-engineering costs exceed many times over the cost of building an oversized system to begin with. More importantly, designing and installing a system that ends up being too conservative not only costs the builder money by having to do a system over again, but can also destroy his credibility.
If one of my systems doesn't get finished on time because I have to reconfigure it, I may never work again in this industry. Once word gets out that your system delays an opening or doesn't perform as expected, you cannot expect a second chance. I learned this lesson after my first project, — we built a winch that had to lift 12 people at once. Fortunately, the system worked, but if one actor had a sandwich in his pocket, it wouldn't have. That's how close to capacity it was designed.
Now, we usually oversize everything 100%. If a design calls for flow of 15 gpm, and I'm not absolutely certain that we'll need only 15 gpm — or if a colleague thinks we might need more — we size everything for 30 gpm. We always use variable-displacement pumps on our power units, so we're turning all this extra capacity into heat. It's well worth the money because even if the system is oversized, it will work right the first time.
In a sense, hydraulics gives you room to be wrong. If you decide on a 3-hp electric motor, and a 3-hp motor doesn't work, increasing electrical power transmitted to the motor will only burn it out. When you have only three to six weeks to complete a project, and you know you'll have to make changes down the road, you must have a system that makes implementing changes convenient. That's what the versatility of hydraulics gives you. If you need more speed out of a hydraulic motor, you can increase flow. If you need more torque, just let the system run at a higher pressure, within reason, of course.
Fear of hydraulics
Many contractors for shows avoid using hydraulics because the thought of all that oil over the heads of live actors is scary. It still scares me because the hydraulic components are not sitting up in their own pristine little world; they're nested within the scenery. If something blows, the oil isn't going to be contained. It's going to go everywhere. The potential for ruining hundreds of thousands of dollars of scenery and costumes seems minor in comparison to getting hot oil on the actors. If this happened, you'd suddenly see contracts written prohibiting the use of hydraulics anywhere near live actors.
Tony Award winning technology
Guys and Dolls makes extensive use of hydraulics in its 1992 Tony Award winning set design. Hydraulics was the only choice for Guys and Dolls because the set is so compact from front to back that physically, nothing else would have fit into the space available. Guys and Dolls uses a power unit mounted below the stage that feeds 14 motors and cylinders mounted above the stage.
Even if electromechanical components could have been used, noise was another consideration. Having an individual electromechanical actuator move each of the huge plywood panels — which act as sound amplifiers — would have been loud enough to overpower actors' voices.
Still another advantage of hydraulics was the ability to move these large props smoothly. Soft-shift valves were used because they provide a ramping effect for controlling acceleration and deceleration without the expense and complexity of proportional valves. Soft-shift valves work especially well in Guys and Dolls because the large, lightweight props tend to shake if started or stopped suddenly. With the soft-shift valves, they start and stop smoothly.
The potential liability becomes even greater with shows like Starlight Express. In this 1989 production, actors skated on articulated bridges. One of these bridges pivoted to a position where a portion of it was over the audience. Imagine the liability of oil gushing or even just dripping out of the bridge onto the audience, many of whom would be wearing formal attire
Whether justified or not, this fear of leakage is the main reason some contractors avoid using hydraulics. Instead, they use ballscrews driven by variable-speed DC motors. The preference for electrical connections over hydraulic is another perhaps misguided policy. Electrical cable is thought to be more flexible than hydraulic hose, and it doesn't leak. But with the wide availability of hose that exceeds current standards for flexibility, hydraulic hose can be easier to work with than electrical cable.
One can understand some people's reluctance to use hydraulics if they still perceive hydraulic systems plumbed with pipe fittings instead of straight-thread, flat-faced fittings. We don't use pipe fittings. Period.
Advantages of hydraulics
Even though cylinders often are used for their linear motion capability, we also call on hydraulics for rotational motion on much of our equipment. In the past, we may have driven a cable and drum assembly with a variable-speed DC motor through a gearbox. But we're changing over more and more to low-speed/high-torque motors to drive drums directly. We started using these LSHT motors for hoisting loads of 5000 lb or greater. LSHT motors eliminate the need for gearboxes, which reduces installation time and cost.
Costs are reduced further just by taking advantage of the hydraulic power unit. As long as we have to have a power unit installed to run the cylinders, we can distribute the cost of the power unit over every hydraulic function. Because cost of installing and operating the power unit is relatively fixed, the more hydraulic actuators we use, the more cost-effective hydraulics becomes because we can more widely distribute the cost of the power unit.
Safety is another advantage of hydraulics. It's easy to set up stall conditions by using crossport relief cartridge valves or other standard components. If something locks up, instead of having a DC motor burn itself out or shear the teeth off a gear, it's very easy to control pressure applied to any component, and without a lot of fancy electronics or torque limiters.
System hardware
Much of the hardware used in shows might, at first, seem identical to that used in theme parks. While this is sometimes true, duty cycles of components used in theater productions come nowhere near those of theme parks. Attractions in theme parks must cycle hundreds of times a day, seven days a week. In these applications, hardware is designed, constructed, and assembled almost as if it were industrial material-handling equipment.
Equipment for the theater must be just as reliable, but duty cycles, in general, run only a few times a day. Of greater importance is the ability to assemble equipment quickly and get it operating, regardless of how great loads and speeds deviate from original specifications. In fact, if a show really flops, equipment may cycle only a few times in front of an actual audience. On the other hand, equipment in successful shows may operate for months on end.
If a show does run for only a short time, it would seem that parts could be recycled for future productions. Power units almost always can be applied over and over. This again illustrates the versatility of hydraulics because a power unit can be put on line for a production and pump displacement scaled down to the flow required.
For example, the power unit used in Guys and Dolls had formerly been used in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles musical show that toured the continent. This power unit is much larger than what was required for Guys and Dolls, but using it saved us from having to make a new one, which, ultimately, helped us land the contract of a very successful show.
Other components, such as long sections of hose and cartridge valves can be recycled for more than one show. We have standardized our hose assemblies by installing female fittings at both ends. By doing so, we can re-use a hose assembly and not have to delay assembly of the set because we need an adaptor.
Custom hardware
We custom build some of our equipment as a cost-effective alternative to commercially available equipment. This is because we use 10-turn pots almost exclusively as input devices. Commercial controls must accept a variety of input signals, so, naturally, they have to have more complex cicuitry, which, of course, adds to its cost. In a few cases, we even sell some of our equipment to outside industries, if, for example, they also use ten-turn pots as their primary input device.
Moreover, much of what we need would not be available off-the-shelf from most manufacturers. For example, 120 ft of linear travel is not unusual for us. We may need only 1/8 in. repeatability over that 120-ft stroke, so it's hard to justify paying for something with capabilities beyond that required unless it will be used repeatedly.
We also generally don't close the velocity loop. We control velocity through software, so it wouldn't be practical to purchase an industrial control with velocity control as standard equipment. We could control position with respect to time, but having a time-based control costs more. Besides, we usually don't know how fast something should run because everything is being built for the first time.
We did build a time-based system for controlling the motion of a dragon used in the Sigfried and Roy show in Las Vegas. Among the myriad of moving platforms and sets, a dragon with a 60-ft wingspan and over 30 axes of hydraulically actuated motion appears to engage in battle with the show's stars. Motion of the dragon is controlled by a computer that was programmed from ten dual-axis joysticks. A trained operator would impart movement to the dragon through the joysticks. Variable-voltage output of these joysticks was then recorded in EPROM and played back. Any segment of the program could then be edited any number of times until achieving the desired effect. The computer integrated ramps into the command signals to smooth out any abrupt changes that may have been introduced by editing.
An advantage of our control system over, say, an industrial programmable logic controller (PLC) is that we change command signals simply by rerecording a particular segment. Because PLCs use ladder-diagram logic, any changes in the program must be made in the ladder-logic program.
For example, in Miss Saigon, we made a Cadillac whose rear half could fold up to a vertical position because backstage room was so limited. As the Cadillac moved forward, the rear half would begin unfolding downward. We originally had only two limit switches for the motion — fully folded and fully unfolded. Later, we had to add an intermediate limit switch. Because the show's main program was controlled by a PLC, a programmer had to search for the exact switch closure in the ladder logic program before the change could be added there.
Dan Hoffman is vice president and director, electronic and motion control division, Showtech, Inc., South Norwalk, Conn.


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It's going to be an Easter egg-stravganza this weekend, with the Easter Bunny all set for his annual visit to our neck of the woods on Sunday.
But if you can't wait that long for your Easter egg chocolate fix, why not make your own at home?
In the video above, Hannah Rymer, a chocolate scientist at Cadbury's, gives us a step-by-step guide on how to make the perfect chocolate Easter egg.
So don your aprons, grab your wooden spoon, and get ready for some kitchen fun.


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This article appears under the title, "Trump's Media War," in the Spring 2017 issue of The American Prospect magazine. Subscribe here.
Donald Trump's attacks on the news media since taking office have been so persistent, so over-the-top, so deranged—in a word, so Trumpian—that it's not surprising to see a backlash. Journalists are denouncing Trump for his continuous stream of vitriol toward them. Newspapers and magazines are enjoying spikes in subscriptions and support. Around 200 activists even congregated in Times Square one Sunday in February to show solidarity with the press corps against Trump's onslaught.
The press's job of keeping the public well informed about national and international affairs is no doubt harder than ever today. Trump's eagerness to attack the media relentlessly and without restraint has made it harder still. But the ultimate reason that a demagogue like Trump mounts such crude, broad-brush attacks is that the institutional power of the press has diminished, and Trump descries political advantage in putting more pressure on them.
In 2017, the news media command considerably less authority than they once did to set the news agenda, arbitrate disputes over public issues, or even establish a common standard of what we ought to be discussing. Seeing that weakness, Trump appears to believe that he doesn't need the mainstream media the way his predecessors did—and that when it comes to raw, open warfare with the journalists who cover him, he has nothing to lose. Whether he is right or wrong will depend on the performance of the press in the next four years.
The Nixon Precedent
When we hear the young Trump administration described as "unprecedented" in its treatment of the media, we often forget that all presidents spar with the press, often viciously. Almost every administration in modern times—since the rise of an influential press corps in the early 20th century—has at some point been labeled the "worst ever" in its treatment of the fourth estate, only to have such florid overstatements debunked in the light of history.
But if there is one close parallel with Trump in recent presidential history, it is with Richard Nixon, generally considered the president most unfriendly to the news media until now. Like Trump, Nixon hated the press for two very different reasons, one political, the other personal.
The political argument, stoked by aides like Pat Buchanan and Roger Ailes who preached a cultural populism, was that America's elite newsrooms and television networks were riddled with liberals who promote an ideological agenda or at least let their opinions color their reporting. A familiar right-wing talking point today, this claim was relatively novel in the 1960s. But it gained traction during that tumultuous decade thanks to coverage of events ranging from the civil rights protests to the riots at the 1968 Democratic convention. Nixon embraced this view from the start of his presidency. In 1969, his vice president, Spiro Agnew, entered the history books with a pair of speeches assailing the bias of the leading news organizations. Over the years, the "liberal media" claim did yeoman's work for the rising conservative movement. It mobilized an angry base of scapegoat-hungry voters and simultaneously helped to discredit any news or commentary critical of the conservative movement's leaders or ideas.
If ideology fed Nixon's attack on the press as biased, it was personal animus that gave the attack its nasty bite. A self-described "paranoiac," with deep resentments that spawned an extravagant sense of entitlement, Nixon saw enemies everywhere. At least since his 1952 slush-fund scandal, when he almost had to step down as Dwight Eisenhower's vice presidential running mate, he had been convinced that the press corps had it in for him. Aides commented that he couldn't distinguish legitimate criticisms or even routine questioning from personal animus.
The result was a self-fulfilling prophecy: Regarding journalists as the enemy, President Nixon punished or lashed out at them in myriad ways. But the more he did so, the more aggressively they went after him, thus validating his suspicions. Watergate in particular confirmed many reporters' resolve to practice what came to be called "adversarial journalism." Sometimes this adversarial posture was channeled into hard-hitting, critical reportage. During the ensuing decades, however, it increasingly appeared as gratuitous scandal-mongering, snide and captious television punditry, or overblown feeding frenzies over small-bore pseudo-scandals. The result was to damage the press corps' standing with not only conservatives but voters of all stripes.
Trump versus Nixon
With Trump's election we have another president who regards the media as both politically and personally hostile. Like Nixon, Trump harbors an irrepressible sense of victimization, an ego insecurity that's momentarily salved by eruptions of rage at those—especially in the media—who cross him, question him, or draw attention to his failings. Like Nixon, Trump's insecurity leads him to monitor the news obsessively, creating endless occasions for explosions of anger.
But Nixon's and Trump's personalities aren't identical. Nixon cultivated the illusion that he was a straight arrow, a schoolboy, a square. Sometimes the mask slipped—such as at his famous "last press conference" in 1962, when, possibly inebriated, he excoriated reporters for giving him "the shaft" during his just-concluded failed bid for governor of California. Outbursts like these, though not uncommon, were nonetheless jarring, because the private Nixon suddenly on view was at odds with the statesmanlike persona he normally labored to project.
When it came to retaliating against the press, Nixon was if anything worse than Trump (at least so far). Not only did he mete out petty punishments, like preventing a journalist who was investigating his finances from going on his historic trip to China, but he abused his power in unconstitutional ways. Nixon had the FBI investigate enemies and the IRS audit them; he tried to deny broadcast licenses to the Washington Post Company as political payback; he put reporters under surveillance.
Notably, though, these measures were mostly concealed. In public, Nixon strove, though not always successfully, to adhere to the norms of civil discourse. Asked about growing sentiment for impeachment at a news conference as the Watergate scandal spiraled out of control, he delivered a barbed joke: "Well, I am glad we don't take the vote of this room." Later, when asked if he had been lambasting the TV networks out of anger, he replied, "Don't get the impression that you arouse my anger. … You see, one can only be angry with those he respects." Though his bitterness was palpable, Nixon remained the collegiate debater, trying to score rhetorical points.
Sore Loser: Richard Nixon provides the closest precedent to Trump in open hostility toward the news media. Here, after being defeated in his campaign for governor of California in 1962, Nixon complains about news coverage and says, "You won't have Nixon to kick around anymore."
Trump doesn't seem to care about seeming respectable. He revels in his bad-boy persona. Whereas Nixon's private White House tapes shocked Americans by revealing a petty, vulgar vindictiveness at variance with his public mien, Trump's "Access Hollywood" tape, in which he bragged about grabbing women's genitals, didn't seem to shame him or deter his voters, who were already familiar with his lecherous, alpha-male posturings. For all the attention it garnered, the tape didn't reveal a Trump fundamentally different from the one we already knew.
When it comes to the press, therefore, Trump has made no bones about waging war. His attacks aren't necessarily more dangerous than Nixon's, but they are more personal, crude, impulsive, and indiscriminate. In public, Trump has outstripped his predecessor in calling journalists names and questioning their honesty. When CNN reported on, and Buzzfeed then published, a dossier of opposition research compiled against Trump, he called Buzzfeed "a failing pile of garbage" at a news conference—pausing as if to search for a better epithet but grabbing the one closest to his lips, no matter how juvenile. Blurring the distinction between CNN's reported and carefully worded story and Buzzfeed's indiscriminate information dump, Trump then called CNN's report "fake news"—a term that has become his administration's favorite phrase to try to discredit any news, accurate or not, that it doesn't like. When the network's Jim Acosta tried to respond, Trump shut him down, saying, "I am not going to give you a question. You are fake news." These salvos exhibit neither Nixon's desire to remain decorous nor his instinct to win the argument. They're pure invective and insult—the unadulterated expression of anger and enmity and Trump's own need simply to insist that he's right.
The Twitter President
This kind of attack—rash, brash, mean-spirited, juvenile—will be familiar to any of the 26 million people who follow the real Donald J. Trump on Twitter. Compared to most of us, Trump began tweeting early, in 2009, though initially he used his feed to promote himself and various dubious business ventures. Then, sometime in 2011, as Politico noted in a chronicle of Trump the tweeter, he realized that the platform was ideally suited for insults and abuse. The more serious he grew about a presidential run, the more he turned to Twitter to generate attention, build a following, take down his opponents, and develop his persona as the blunt, no-nonsense voice of the dispossessed.
Of course, Trump's tweets have also caused him huge problems. He seemed to hit bottom during the fall campaign when he went on an early-morning tweet bender berating the Venezuelan-born Alicia Machado for disclosing how he humiliated her during her term as Miss Universe. Trump was able to overcome the fallout from his online impulsivity and get elected in part because his aides stopped him from tweeting in the campaign's last weeks, to focus on touting his economic message. But any expectations that as president Trump would lay down his digital guns were quickly revealed to be wishful thinking.
Conventional wisdom holds that Trump likes Twitter because it gives him a direct pipeline to communicate with these 26 million followers (roughly half of whom seem to be journalists). But this argument doesn't really hold up. For decades, presidents and even presidential candidates have found ways to break through the filter of press analysis and framing and reach the public directly. At first they did so by giving speeches that, according to custom, newspapers reprinted in full; later their words were broadcast on television or radio (though they did depend on the broadcasters' cooperation). They've always been able to issue press releases and statements. Twitter isn't entirely new in this respect.
What Twitter does is provide the perfect outlet for Trump's unbridled, emotionally laden style of communication. Twitter is ideally suited for a particular vein of internet speech that goes back to what was called, in the internet's earliest days, "flaming"—the propensity when arguing online to fire off angry, nasty, or insulting comments, often with little relevance to the substance at hand. Face-to-face communication forces us to reckon with the human being we're arguing with; writing or typing a response compels reflection and revision. Even if you're on one of the cable TV shout-fests, you're probably aware of the millions watching. But when you tweet from the isolation of your laptop or phone, with no editor to review your comments, it's easy to let fly with vituperative, ill-considered, misspelled, badly punctuated, ALL CAPS bursts of unreflective emotion.
Barack Obama became the first president to use Twitter in 2009, but unlike Trump, he used the platform mainly as another way to disseminate the same public relations fare that the White House Communications Office has issued for decades.
This is what distinguishes Trump's tweets from everyone else's. Barack Obama, after all, pioneered the White House Twitter feed, to much fanfare in early 2009, but few people can remember a single Obama tweet. He used the platform mainly as another way to disseminate the same public relations fare that the White House Communications Office has issued for decades. Hillary Clinton, too, tweeted, sometimes wittily, but as disclosures from John Podesta's hacked emails showed, her campaign had as many as a dozen staffers weigh in on crafting a 140-character squib—a process guaranteed to snuff out not only any raw emotion but also the immediacy and authenticity that make tweets like Trump's so appealing, or appalling.
Trump's tweets are especially popular among journalists, probably because unlike so much of the scripted, crafted political communication that they encounter, Trump's seem authentically his own. (Not all of them are.) As a result, even while Trump was just one Republican in a pack of 17, his provocations attracted an undue amount of attention—not just on Twitter but in the print and broadcast outlets where these journalists worked. Trump's outrageousness, showcased on Twitter, gave him the exposure he needed to differentiate himself from his rivals and vault to the top of the polls. It's an old axiom in journalism that conflict makes news, and Trump's invective does. Not coincidentally, it is often directed at the media. When The New York Times last January compiled a list of the (now more than 300) "People, Places and Things Donald Trump Has Insulted on Twitter," roughly one-third of the targets were journalists, news shows, or news organizations—who by and large seem to revel in the attention even if a few occasionally take genuine offense.
In and of itself, Twitter isn't transformative. What made it so useful for Trump in 2016—and perhaps will help him in his presidency as well—was a political climate of extreme impatience with conventional political and journalistic authorities. In the past, Trump's blunderbuss assaults on all manner of racial and ethnic groups, his glaring flip-flops and contradictions and fabricated claims, his mile-long rap sheet of genuine scandals would have sunk his candidacy; scores of candidates have been felled by transgressions far more trivial than any of Trump's top 20 offenses. But Trump's gaffes, scandals, and prevarications perversely made him more popular—because the press's efforts to highlight his shady business practices or gratuitous insults wound up making him seem, to many, like a slayer of the reviled mainstream media. His tweeting usually played out in the same way. The recklessness and lack of discipline that many assumed to be Trump's Achilles' heel turned out to be his secret weapon.
Finally, Trump's tweeting helps him set the agenda. It puts journalists in a reactive position. Thousands of them chase after his tweets—retweeting them, responding to them, fact-checking them, ridiculing them, taking umbrage at them, using them as the basis for columns, hot takes, and idle chatter on what Trump has called "the shows." Journalists have no obligation to lavish attention on his swipes at Meryl Streep or the newly elected Democratic party chair Tom Perez or even their own institutions (as when he wrote, "The FAKE NEWS media (failing @nytimes, @NBCNews, @ABC, @CBS, @CNN) is not my enemy, it is the enemy of the American People!"). Sometimes these tweets aren't particularly newsworthy and can be ignored. Yet journalists not only take pleasure in responding to Trump's tweets; they seem to feel obliged to cover these dashed-off half-thoughts as part of their professional duties.
Weakened Warriors
But the key factor that has enabled Trump to adopt his gonzo style is the loss of power by the fourth estate. Since Nixon's day, the cultural authority of the mainstream news media has plummeted. It's now simply much harder for journalists to gain a hearing with the broad slice of the public that used to trust what they reported. As a result, their efforts to correct Trump's misinformation, highlight problems in his presidency, or even report on corruption, scandal, and dysfunction have to swim against the tide if they are to reach the huge swaths of the electorate who trust Trump more than they trust the press.
Several long-term developments have weakened the press institutionally. The prevalence of adversarial reporting (especially in the form of crude gotcha journalism as opposed to substantive investigation) diminished reporters in the public eye. To many citizens, regardless of ideology, the typical Washington journalist now seemed preening, self-important, and unremittingly negative. The explosion of armchair television punditry, at the expense of reporting, had a similar effect.
Another blow came with proliferation first of cable TV news and then of internet blogs and start-up webzines. The multitude of outlets scattered the news-consuming public's attentions, further chipping away at the authority once commanded by news-gathering reporters at blue-chip newspapers and sober-minded television anchors at the big networks. The cable channels and new websites could also filch the heart of a story from the top-tier news outlets and serve it up to younger or more casual readers in a snarky package, blurring the line between reportage and parasitical commentary. Twitter has exacerbated the tendency to parasitism, allowing commentators of varying degrees of knowledge and talent to opine about news gathered by others; it has also increased the emphasis on snark, as purportedly neutral Washington reporters—men and women who are expected to banish any hint of editorializing from their news stories—dispense with professionalism to spin out sassy, hostile, nit-picking, pompous, and ill-informed opinions, whether about Trump or anything else that pops up on their phones.
And then there was the 40-year right-wing drumbeat about the mainstream media's purported liberal bias, which convinced many conservatives not to trust sources like The New York Times or the network news shows—outlets that, not long ago, were widely recognized as neutral and nonpartisan bearers of information. In the 1990s came the rise in quick succession of talk radio, Fox News, and countless right-wing internet sites. These outlets amounted to a full menu of alternative news sources providing conservatives with counter-arguments and ripostes to any judgments proffered in the mainstream media, which, increasingly, they felt license to ignore.
A protest sign from the Women's March in Chicago on January 21, 2017.
During George W. Bush's presidency, this undertaking expanded to construct a kind of alternate reality for the right. Under Bush, the conservative movement consummated a decades-long degradation of experts—in economics, science, law, intelligence, and other fields—on whom journalists had long depended to help readers make reliable sense of the world. Experts who doubted the administration's claims, whether about Iraq's nuclear weapons program, global warming, or Bush's own economic policies, were themselves dismissed as partisans who cloaked their political conclusions in the trappings of disinterested expertise. Observers wryly labeled Bush's presidency "postmodern," in which no fixed truth existed and all arguments were reduced to their political utility.
Already, early in the new century, some were speaking of a "post-truth" society. Others used pretentious coinages like "epistemic closure" to explain the imperviousness of tightly knit ideological communities—now often forged online—to countervailing evidence. But in the following decade, things got worse still. Not just in the usual shadowy corners of society but increasingly out in the open, outré conspiracy theories now flourished—the most infamous of them being the slander that Barack Obama wasn't born in the United States. As the conservative but anti-Trump radio host Charlie Sykes wrote, "The echo chamber had morphed into a full-blown alternate reality silo of conspiracy theories, fake news and propaganda." Where Cold War delusions, like the supposed communist plot to fluoridate our water, could be sidelined by media gatekeepers, now worldwide interconnectedness allows nonsense to spread far and wide. Pseudo-scandals like Benghazi gripped not just the usual smattering of crackpots who had spun scenarios about the Kennedy assassination or Roswell but also ranking members of Congress, influential voices in the right-wing mediasphere, and individuals on Twitter who managed to build up large and loyal followings—including, of course, Donald Trump.
The Road Back
Reporters now face the challenge of regaining the trust of citizens on the left as well as the right. These disaffected Americans no longer seem hungry for the old meal of straight-up reported news with a twist of analysis and a side of opinion. They prefer other fare: the ideological reinforcements of the cable news ranters; the self-congratulatory humor and sputtering indignation of the comedy anchors; the alternate universes of the social media conspiracists; or simply the generalized noise of the internet.
Instead of rebuilding their credibility, some journalists seem to be chasing these audiences by emulating sites like BuzzFeed and The Huffington Post instead of the Times and the Post. The Times seems poised to make the potentially fatal mistake of cutting back on editing. The snark-filled tweets of reporters—who act as if they're joking in the breakroom rather than speaking for the papers of record—further chip away at their authority. Still other ostensibly fair-minded reporters, lured by the cameras, slip out of the temperate personas they don for PBS or Charlie Rose and take potshots at the president on MSNBC. This approach will never win back the readers who are seeking uncolored, trustworthy information. Confronted with the cacophony of fury and complaint that floods the airwaves and fills the screens, Trump and his supporters can write it off as "so much anger and hatred."
Understandably, journalists who feel targeted by Trump want to fight back. But their counterpunching won't be effective if it's perceived as either self-aggrandizing or partisan. For more than a century, American journalism has thrived by placing reporting over ideology. The most persuasive rebuttal to the right wing's "liberal media" claim has always been the simple fact of the press's overriding professionalism. In the world of the mainstream media, where journalists aspire to be objective and nonpartisan, all the professional rewards and incentives—prizes, prestige, advertising dollars, personal satisfactions—accrue not to those who spout off in news columns or land a punch against a political target, but to those who dig up big news, uncover secrets, and score scoops. Not every individual journalist has necessarily articulated this understanding of what keeps them on the straight and narrow, but most follow it nonetheless. Lately, however, it seems that fewer reporters appreciate the value of upholding traditional journalistic norms and are in danger of sacrificing long-held principles for the short-term satisfaction of getting in a jab at Trump.
Unfriendly Fire: Trump is surrounded by "the enemy of the American people" as he arrives at a fundraising event in 2015.
There are ways to fight back that can enhance the press's standing rather than lowering it. Instead of hollering about being called an "enemy of the people," a reporter can explain to readers the distinctive and fraught history of that phrase, as Andrew Higgins of The New York Times did. Instead of crying "liar" when Trump falsely claims that three million people voted illegally, a newspaper can track down the source of that fictitious statistic, as The Guardian did back in December, and explain how it reached the president-elect's ears.
Even more important, reporters have dug deep into the burgeoning Russia scandal, the backgrounds of Trump's cabinet nominees, the disarray behind his misguided immigration ban, and other big developments of the administration's early days. Context and clarifying information, not outrage, is what journalists can produce to keep the public informed and restore their position as sources of reliable news.
Twelve days into the Trump presidency, Reuters editor-in-chief Steve Adler issued a memo to his staff noting the "challenging" environment for journalists, in which the president had already called them "among the most dishonest human beings on earth" and his chief strategist, Steve Bannon, called the media "the opposition party." But instead of boycotting administration briefings or trying to rally support for the press, he said, Reuters would redouble its commitment "to reporting fairly and honestly, by doggedly gathering hard-to-get information—and by remaining impartial."
The big unanswered question, though, is whether reporting out the facts and bringing to light new information will in the current media environment sway any of those who've given up on the mainstream media. Some may be hunkered in right-wing mediaspheres, where suspicions of the leading media institutions, bolstered daily by Trump's cries of fake news, prove an insurmountable barrier to changing minds. Others are scattered in their attentions, unwilling or unable to devote the time to sorting claims from counterclaims.
History again provides perspective, and maybe hope. In previous times, similar problems existed, if not to the same degree. During Watergate, the White House and other skeptical voices initially dismissed the scandal as what Donald Trump would call fake news. But in time, the reporting of a small few penetrated the right-wing bubbles. "At the beginning, all of us assumed Watergate was … what Ron Ziegler told us it was," wrote William F. Buckley: "nothing more than a third-rate burglary." But in time, the scales fell from Buckley's eyes, and he came to think that those who stood by Nixon did so "because the alternative is to wake up in the morning and find that they are in agreement with a particular conclusion reached by The New York Times." Even many of them changed their minds by the end.
In the coming four years, reporting will count for more than ever. Whether Donald Trump turns out to be an overgrown child or a fearsome menace, a proto-fascist or a paper tiger, it seems clear already that a lot of journalists are determined—not in the spitballs wars of Twitter or the food-fights of the cable news shows, but in the great gray columns of newsprint that are necessary to set forth a story in full—to put up a fight.


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A Fine Feathered Salute
NOTE: Today's post contains material (namely icing) in unintentionally unseemly shapes. There are also some poop jokes. If you are offended by unintentionally unseemly icing shapes or poop jokes, you will not like today's post. In other words: Hide the children!!
That said, everything here is safe for work (as always) and will most likely sail cleanly over the heads of the very young. Still, parents should note that CW has always been, and always will be, a PG-rated site.
You see, turkey cakes have two inherent flaws. First, they're made out of chocolate icing...
However, the other problem - which I have avoided mentioning until now - is that they also tend to have long skinny bodies and blobular heads, which can look, well...
(Nice "legs.")
Here's another:
Me: [innocently] What?
Katey S., Owen H., Paula W., Laura I., & Lola P., these Wrecks give new meaning to "giving you the bird," don't they?
- Related Wreckage: Butterfly Misses


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74 Lot Arapaho Dr Union Twp OH
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Free at last! Records of Pardons, Certificates of Freedom and Tickets of Leave.
Records relating to freedom are an important source of information about convicts. In fact, they are often the only means of determining whether a certain person was your ancestor or not. This seminar covers the types of records that have survived, their purpose, contents and location.
– 45/60 minutes – Powerpoint presentation
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Remember Me
Benefits Include Member Discounts and Books for Learning Centers
Designed to directly benefit the over one million clients SeniorNet has served since its start in 1986, the partnership will offer member discounts on Que products, including print books, ebooks and video, as well as the placement of technology books for use by instructors and students at each learning center. SeniorNet members will have access to special promotions, resources and content.
"Que Publishing's focus is teaching the fundamentals of technology to beginner and intermediate users. A partnership with SeniorNet is an excellent way to bring our products to this segment of the population. We're excited to offer SeniorNet and its clients products to help learn the necessary skills to use every day technologies," said Greg Wiegand, Editor in Chief, Que Publishing.
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About SeniorNet
SeniorNet (www.seniornet.org) is the nation's premier and most respected nonprofit organization specializing in computer and Internet education for adults over 55 and those in need. Since 1986, SeniorNet has empowered more than one million Boomers and Seniors by providing encouragement, lifelong learning opportunities and new worlds to explore via the Internet. Based in Herndon, Virginia, it has approximately 6,000 members. SeniorNet is staffed by more than 3,000 volunteers and has more than 60 Learning Centers in the United States, including Indian Reservations and underserved areas.
About Pearson
Pearson, the world's leading learning company, has global reach and market-leading businesses in education, business information and consumer publishing (NYSE: PSO). For more information, visit www.pearson.com.
Members, volunteers and staff this is a significant opportunity for all... please visit our website (members benefits).
Leslie M. Smith


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What's New
Dominion Font Family by Canada Type
Dominion was based on an early 1970s film type called Lampoon, and named after an edgy 1980s goth-rock song by the Sisters of Mercy.
Dominion's severely geometric shapes are a strange cross between early Bauhaus minimalism and later sharp square faces used for instance in Soviet propaganda posters. While maintaining the strong confidence of the main font, the italic gives off a strong hint of a race car decal appearance.
Both styles of Dominion contain an extensive character set that includes support for Central and Eastern European languages, Turkish, Baltic, Celtic, Maltese and Esperanto. A few alternate characters are also included in the character map.
Tags: 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, Font, Groovy, New Wave, Special Effect


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We are a collection of people from all walks of life on a shared mission to provide the greatest level of comfort, help and healing to all those who come under our care.
As a faith-based, nonprofit healthcare organization based in Denver, we are responsible for 8 hospitals, 4 safety net clinics, one children's mental health center and more than 190 ambulatory service centers in three states – Colorado, Kansas and Montana.
It takes 15,000 full-time associates and more than 500 employed providers to meet the needs of the communities we serve. And while those numbers have climbed in recent years, we are ever thankful that individuals like you who share in the special calling to care for the poor and vulnerable become part of the SCL Health family.


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A blonde says to her doctor, "Each time I try to sip my coffee, my eye hurts."
The doctor says, "Maybe you should take the stirrer out of the cup."
© 2019 Comedy Partners. All Rights Reserved. Comedy Central and all related titles, logos and characters are trademarks of comedy partners.


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Sudarshan said that for her son, Canada Border job was a dream come true. "My son was so happy to get the job. He was on top of the world. He would always be very careful of who he is talking to and who he is meeting. My son was very cautious about his company too. He didn't want to mingle with the wrong kind of people. All this just to protect his job, because he was loyal and didn't want any stain on his uniform," Kandola added in Punjabi.
The 35-year old Surrey man, a six-year border services officer, was arrested late Thursday night and is accused of allowing two Richmond men with organized-crime links to enter Canada illegally, one with an SUV filled with $6 million in cocaine and three handguns. Shaminder Johal, 34, and Herman Riar, 26, were driving the two vehicles packed with contraband. The men allegedly used Kandola's border booth at the Pacific Highway truck crossing to enter Canada in similar-looking GMC Yukons. They were arrested a short distance away, after police determined Kandola had arranged "safe passage" for them.
The three accused appeared in the Surrey Provincial Court on Monday to fix a date for a bail hearing. Dressed in red jail uniform, Kandola entered the court room with his head held down. The other two accused, however, were seen whispering to each other and smiling. The court room was packed with family members - while some of them stayed composed, the others were heard sobbing.
Sudarshan Kandola said that no one in her family knew about her son's intentions. "No. Nobody in my family knew anything. We didn't know it until his arrest. We are a happy family and everyone is earning well. They are all doing well for themselves. We do not get involved in such things. I have five sons and all are happy with their lives." She also mentioned that her doesn't have any criminal record and was never involved in any illegal activity, "that's why when the police searched our home, they didn't find anything. Th police came with a search warrant immidiately after his arrest and there was nothing they found."
The Kandola family owns a clothes shop and a herbal store in Surrey. Sitting in the family store with one of her grandsons, Sudarshan explained what the family is going through. Shortly after, she starts to cry, followed by her grandson. "This is difficult for the family. Baljinder has a young son and he is very attached to his father. He keeps asking for his father. What do we tell him?"


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Genealogies of Some Georgia Families
Georgia Families | Full Name Index | Genealogy Links
These are descendant genealogies collected over the years of people who were born in Georgia. Most of them moved out of the state, but all were born there. You can use the Full Name Index to see if any of your relatives are documented here.
Barber, David G., b. 10 Sep 1857, Georgia
Barber, Jesse, b. circa 1840, Troup County, Georgia
Beach, Albert, b. circa 1820, Georgia
Bernard, Theodore B., b. about 1850, Clarke County, Georgia
Booker, Edwin, b. 9 Apr 1840, Georgia
Boone, Andrew, b. 7 Mar 1824, Georgia
Boyle, Edwin, b. 1848, Georgia
Brock, Francis, b. 1837, Richmond County, Georgia
Brown, Nicholas B., b. 1854, Georgia
Buchanan, Nicholas, b. 1828, Georgia
Cannon, Robert, b. about 1835, Monroe County, Georgia
Chaney, Michael Adam, b. about 1850, Georgia
Chase, Jesse L., b. about 1855, Georgia
Cline, Jacob Clarke, b. 1852, Decatur County, Georgia
Cotton, Samuel Rufus, b. 1833, Coweta County, Georgia
Daniels, Albert, b. after 1819, Georgia
Fletcher, John W., b. after 1848, Georgia
Forbes, Phillip, b. 1846, Burke County, Georgia
Glover, Phillip Barber, b. 1844, Georgia
Gordon, Andrew, b. after 1836, Georgia
Grimes, Thomas H., b. circa 1850, Georgia
Hawkins, Andrew R., b. before 1832, Thomas County, Georgia
Hawkins, Henry S., b. after 1859, Georgia
Horne, Alexander, b. about 1815, Wayne County, Georgia
House, Hiram P., b. 1836, Fayette County, Georgia
Huber, Alexander, b. 1814, Hancock County, Georgia
Hunt, Joseph J., b. about 1850, Oglethorpe County, Georgia
Jarvis, Nicholas Mark, b. circa 1855, Chattahoochee County, Georgia
Klein, Matthew C., b. circa 1845, Georgia
Lancaster, Michael, b. 1820, Hall County, Georgia
Leach, Aaron, b. 3 Apr 1833, Georgia
Lester, Paul L., b. after 1838, Jackson County, Georgia
Lewis, Phillip I., b. about 1860, Georgia
Marsh, Benjamin N., b. about 1855, Wayne County, Georgia
McKnight, Adam H., b. 9 Dec 1841, Georgia
Park, James, b. 1836, Jackson County, Georgia
Parker, Paul Rufus, b. circa 1835, Camden County, Georgia
Parsons, Leonard, b. 1812, Georgia
Patrick, Michael W., b. 19 Aug 1847, Decatur County, Georgia
Paul, Rufus, b. about 1850, McIntosh County, Georgia
Pennington, Matthew, b. about 1855, Georgia
Perry, Daniel, b. 27 Mar 1827, Madison County, Georgia
Perry, Rufus Dillon, b. 1858, Macon County, Georgia
Richards, Francis Buchanan, b. about 1860, Burke County, Georgia
Saunders, Joseph D., b. 1835, Georgia
Sloan, Stephen, b. circa 1855, Georgia
Stewart, Francis A., b. about 1845, Screven County, Georgia
Willis, Hiram, b. 1825, Georgia
Workman, Samuel J., b. after 1856, Georgia
Wynn, Isaac, b. 20 Aug 1842, Montgomery County, Georgia
Click here for more Genealogy.
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