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Michael Barr served as the U.S. Treasury Department's assistant secretary for financial institutions in 2009 and 2010. He oversaw the Obama administration's dealings with Congress in creating the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
And he's still smarting from the experience.
"The banks fought against the bureau tooth and nail," Barr told me. "They were in an all-out war with the administration over this."
But he makes no effort to hide his satisfaction with how things turned out.
"The financial sector lost that fight," Barr said.
The bureau grew out of the debris of the financial meltdown, which more or less began five years ago this week when Lehman Bros. went kerblooey.
Although the banking industry and its Republican friends have worked hard to limit the bureau's power, the agency is at last up and running, cracking down on unfair industry practices and providing new resources to consumers.
Case in point: an online database of consumer complaints that allows people to report potentially abusive financial transactions and to see what others are saying about various companies.
From July 21, 2011, through June 30, 2013, the bureau says it received about 176,700 consumer complaints.
These include roughly 85,200 mortgage complaints, 36,300 credit card complaints, 25,700 complaints about bank accounts and services, 14,200 complaints about credit reporting companies, 6,000 complaints about private student loans, 5,700 complaints about consumer loans and 300 complaints about money transfers.
More than 80% of total complaints already have been dealt with by bureau officials or are under review, according to bureau stats. The rest have been passed along to other regulators or have been deemed incomplete.
In June, the bureau ordered U.S. Bank and one of its affiliates to return about $6.5 million to more than 50,000 members of the U.S. military who had been duped by the terms and costs of subprime auto loans.
The companies failed to adequately disclose finance charges, interests rates, payment schedules and total payments for loans pitched near military bases, bureau investigators found.
In April, the bureau handed down $15.4 million in fines to four private mortgage insurers that were accused of paying illegal kickbacks to lenders for steering business their way. The alleged racket lasted more than a decade, officials said.
"The reforms being developed by the CFPB are sorely needed," said Constance Wagner, an associate professor at Saint Louis University School of Law. "This is an area of tremendous abuse by banks, and I am horrified at the way that the industry is trying to shut down reform initiatives."
Critics complain that the new regulatory agency was unnecessary and that too much power has been concentrated in the hands of the bureau's director, Richard Cordray.
"The banking industry is still wary," said Wayne Abernathy, executive vice president for financial institutions at the American Bankers Assn. "There are a lot of folks who have concerns that an agency run by one person is open to abuses."
Not that he or anyone else can cite a specific abuse of power so far. Most critics of the bureau have to had to settle for cooking up speculative worst-case scenarios.
Todd Zywicki, a professor at George Mason University School of Law and a consistent pebble in the bureau's shoe, pointed toward recent reports that the bureau aims to monitor about 80% of all credit card transactions and 95% of mortgage transactions.
The reports, mostly on conservative websites, cited "documents obtained by the Washington Examiner" purporting to show that the bureau was embarking on a vast program of clandestine data mining.
"Why do they need all that information?" Zywicki asked. "What are they going to do with it?"
In fact, the "documents obtained by the Washington Examiner" consisted of a fairly routine strategic plan that was posted on the agency's website for all to see.
It talks about the bureau's goal of overseeing the consumer credit market by gathering aggregated data on loan transactions, without stockpiling personally identifiable information such as names and addresses.
"The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is responsible for monitoring the market to make sure companies are playing by the rules and treating consumers fairly," said Sam Gilford, a bureau spokesman. "Collecting anonymized data is part of the work."
Kind of like the way the Securities and Exchange Commission monitors stock transactions, or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission monitors commodity transactions.
It's called market regulation. It's what regulators do.
"This is the way the bureau's critics behave," said Barr, the former Treasury official. "They have nothing specific to complain about, so they make the same argument about everything — that the bureau has too much power and no accountability."
His response is a simple one: Would you rather go back to the way things were before the financial meltdown when banks and other financial companies had free rein to indulge in the most irresponsible and destructive of practices?
"I think it's very hard to argue that that's the kind of world we want to live in," Barr said.
And now, five years after Lehman, we don't have to.
David Lazarus' column runs Tuesdays and Fridays. He also can be seen daily on KTLA-TV Channel 5 and followed on Twitter @Davidlaz. Send your tips or feedback to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Against the Grain
Thanks to Sasha M., for helping us remember the first year is always the harvest hardest.
Update From Jen:
I see your stalks of wheat, Sharyn, and raise you...
Thanks to Robert V. for making like a tree, and swaying in high winds.
(I'd ask you readers who won, but considering these were both wedding cakes, I guess we already know who lost. Heh.)

subset: commoncrawl


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Flushing Meadows Corona Park, March 2010
Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus is a much-maligned and persecuted creature. Like cormorants and shags the world over they are hated by fishermen who blame them for decimating fish populations. Their rather unkempt appearance at a distance does not make them a favorite of those who like their birds to be aesthetically pleasing and they look rather goofy when they stand with wings outstretched in the sun to dry. But, really, when one gets a close look at a Double-crested Cormorant they are quite breathtaking, with perhaps the most beautiful eyes of any bird. Not only that but with their viciously hooked bill and streamlined, always-half-submerged-when-in-the-water body they are perfectly adapted for their habitat and diet.
The Double-crested Cormorants below were all photographed yesterday morning in Meadow Lake, the more northern of the two lakes in Flushing Meadow Park. I took advantage of the early morning sunlight and the fact that these cormorants have become relatively adapted to nearby people, as they hang out on a dock next to a parking lot where people park and feed the gulls, ducks, and pigeons. Most Double-crested Cormorants I have encountered have been much more flighty, most likely due to the fact that, as mentioned above, fishermen hate them and most likely try to do them harm when given the opportunity.
Anyway, I enjoyed taking these pictures and hope you enjoy looking at them. The first shot was taken with my 60mm macro lens and is included just to give an idea as to how close the cormorants were. The rest were all taken with that that as well, but it was, of course, attached to the spotting scope at that point…
This post has been submitted to Bird Photography Weekly #82. Go check it out!
This post was originally published on 21 March 2010, but we hate to keep posts this good buried in the archives!
What stunning-looking birds!
Nice… but not "Great" Cormorant shots.
I agree with you, Corey – cormorants are striking birds. Those blue eyes – wow. The second one appears to be channeling DeNiro in Taxi Driver and I'm seeing a catchlight in some of the later ones. Nice when the wildlife makes it not easy, but at least easier, to get their picture.
Excellent pix. I always had a fondness for Cormorants, but had no idea the eyes looked like that. Thanks for the posting.
It always amazes me when fishermen claim that animals that have existed for millions of years are decimating fish populations, when it is they, the fishermen, who are decimating the fish populations. Animals like cormorants and sea lions have been a part of their ecosystems for far longer than fishermen have. Those eyes are really something though.
You got some awesome photos of the cormorants! Good stuff. They are such goofy birds to me, as are anhingas. I have a weird thing about necks, maybe that's it 🙂 I still like 'em though, pretty interesting birds. I had a pelagic cormorant let me get really close to it recently. The light was really harsh but still pretty cool!
I love the second shot, the close up of the face. What an interesting expression. Great shots.
Nice "capture" of the jewel eye. Do you always use the macro lens when digicoping? The corms on Anhinga Trail, ENP, are so people-acclimated you need to shoo them away to get the proper distance. Weird, it's like they're not wild birds anymore.
Wow….these are just gorgeous. I love the way you've captured those crystal eyes.
Great shots love the close up the eye looks like a button.
Awesome shots Corey! That second shot, looking straight at him and showing the crests is super and rarely seen for me anyway. But the side view close-up showing the detail of the eye is unbelievable. I was always amazed with their eyes but I didn't know about the outer ring of light blue dots! Wow!
LOVE LOVE LOVE!! This has got to be one of the best-looking, crazy bird species "close-up" to photograph. Sweet shots!!!
The most vile creatures ever to set foot on god's green earth, they are. Hideous! Monstrous, even! What awf…. oops, I thought this was a fishing blog.
Great shots, Corey!
I love watching cormorants & anhingas diving & sunning themselves. Great shots…Thanks for sharing!
Wow! I have never seen or heard of that type of bird, and I think the photo's are fantastic. Such detail.
Absolutely breathtaking photos. Thank you so much for sharing them.
They are so majestic looking as they sit together drying their wings.
Your photos of the eyes are magnificent! I've seen DC Cormorants up close at a wildlife rehab center, and you captured even more detail of their beautiful eyes than I had noticed. I also love the eyes of the Black Oystercatcher:)
© 2013 10,000 Birds. All words, images, and opinions are the property of their respective authors unless stated otherwise.


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Cambridge, Mass. – UMBC sophomore Justin Carter (Randallstown, Md./National Connections Academy) was named America East Men's Tennis Co-Player of the Year, in a vote by the league's coaches.
The local product also earned America East First Team honors in singles and tabbed Second Team accolades with classmate Melker Svard (Gothenburg, Sweden) in doubles competition.
Svard and sophomore Alex Drean (Bayonne, France) also earned Second Team honors in singles.
Carter becomes just the second Retriever to receive the award, as David Jackson earned the honor when UMBC captured the championship in 2007. He posted an overall singles record of 13-5 from the No. 1 position with two of those losses coming against ranked singles opponents and was the league's co-Player of the Week on March 25.
Carter now has four conference honors as he was named to the First Team in singles and doubles in 2013
Svard led the team with 14 singles victories and was a two-time (March 11, April 15) America East Player of the Week in 2014.
Drean posted seven victories at No. 3 singles, including a straight-set triumph in the narrow 4-3 semifinal setback to Stony Brook in the conference semifinals.


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On Nov. 25, the Times-News published another in a series of letters from readers who sympathize with Sheriff Terry Johnson in his struggles with the U.S. Department of Justice.
For the writers, the fact that the sheriff says he is innocent of profiling means that he should be left alone. However, as any watcher of television knows, some such claims of innocence, in the end, fail to stand up. The law is complex, prohibiting some practices that at first might seem innocuous. The sheriff has admitted underreporting vehicle stops, blaming his computer.
The writers say the DOJ has no evidence. Yet the DOJ letter states that it �interviewed over 125 individuals, including county residents and current and former ACSO employees.� The letter offers damning quotes, presumably from these witnesses.
Much is made of the fact that the DOJ withdrew its first lawsuit, and is now threatening another suit. These lawsuits have nothing in common. The first was only about whether the DOJ would be allowed to interview deputies. The next lawsuit will be about discriminatory policing against Latinos.
Finally, we have the complaining about the DOJ�s trying its case in the press, political motivations, and not revealing the names of the witnesses or details of their testimony at this stage. These have no bearing on the trial merits of the case.
Let�s see what happens when the other shoe drops.


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South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences
versão On-line ISSN 2222-3436
versão impressa ISSN 1015-8812
S. Afr. j. econ. manag. sci. vol.17 no.4 Pretoria Abr. 2014
Promoting sustainable economic growth in South Africa through the export of low-carbon environmental goods
Antoinette van Niekerk; Wilma Viviers
School of Economics and TRADE Research Entity, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus
Many countries, particularly those in the developing world, are under increasing pressure to improve their growth rates in order to tackle pressing economic problems at the domestic level. Increasing export volumes can make a positive contribution to a country's economic growth rate, but it can also endanger the environment. How to reconcile the often conflicting phenomena of increased export activity, stronger economic growth and a lower carbon footprint is the focus of this study.
A core outcome of the study was the creation of a single list using a cross-section of international sources, of low-carbon environmental goods, and their ranking according to their inherent ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, South Africa's capacity to produce them, and their economic benefits, as reflected in the export opportunities they present. These export opportunities were revealed through the application of the Decision Support Model (DSM), an export market selection tool that incorporates a systematic filtering and screening system.
The results of the analysis should help guide policymakers in their strategic deliberations on which export sectors to incentivise and support with a view to encouraging more 'green' growth in South Africa in the years ahead.
Key words: economic growth, exports, green growth, greenhouse gas emissions, low-carbon technologies, low-carbon environmental goods
1 Introduction
Economic and environmental objectives are traditionally seen as contradictory, as continued economic growth puts increasing pressure on certain biophysical limits that produce symptoms like extinction, resource shortages and climate change (Czech, 2000:177). Consequently, it is difficult to enforce policies that simultaneously encourage stronger economic growth on the one hand and decrease in greenhouse gas emissions on the other.
Export promotion and foreign market development are usually seen as stimulants to economic growth, which, in South Africa's case, is recognised as an important element in the fight against poverty, inequality and unemployment. Yet greater export volumes often endanger the environment. If a country's economic wellbeing is enhanced by an increase in exports, a strategy should be formulated that ensures that higher export volumes also have, in some way, positive consequences for the environment.
An increase in exports has a range of positive consequences. It stimulates the circular income-spending-production flow of an economy (Mohr & Fourie, 2008:51), thereby generating higher levels of foreign exchange for a country. Furthermore, increased exports have a positive effect on the balance of payments (Mmieh, Owusu-Frimpong & Mordi, 2012; Aitken, Hanson & Harrison, 1997). In addition, a study by Naudé, Bosker and Matthee (2010), using data from 1996 to 2001, found that a region that was more open to trade had higher levels of local economic development, a better-educated population and higher GDP growth. Increased exports also promote economic growth when they are accompanied by greater worker productivity (Abor, 2010:9), and can improve a firm's technological base and competitive advantage (Mmieh et al., 2012).
For example, a 10 per cent increase in South Africa's openness to trade from 1990 to 1998 led to a 5 per cent increase in long-run total factor productivity gains (Jonsson & Subramanian, 2001). Not surprisingly, South Africa's National Development Plan identifies increased exports as a key driver of higher economic growth rates (National Planning Commission, 2011).
South Africa has seen many ups and downs in its economic growth performance over the years. In the decade before the first democratic elections, sanctions on trade and capital flows, together with political turmoil, contributed to weak economic growth in the country. After 1994, economic growth trends began to improve, helped by a more liberal trade regime, which included the elimination of various trade barriers (Du Plessis & Smit, 2007). However, in recent years, the global financial crisis and changing global alliances and market requirements have made the business of exporting from South Africa more challenging, which has taken its toll on economic growth. Clearly, export promotion has to be taken to a new level if the country is to meet its growth and development goals. However, an increase in exports is usually accompanied by higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions. This runs contrary to the idea of responsible growth.
'Green' growth is a relatively new term, and is associated with an economy whose growth strategy incorporates environmental, economic and social objectives (Low, 2011:1). Environmental objectives would include lowering greenhouse gas intensity, maintaining biodiversity and the integrity of ecosystem services, and increasing climate change resilience. Economic objectives would include increasing the economic growth rate and boosting capacity in less productive areas. Finally, social objectives would include raising the level of human development and reducing poverty. These environmental, economic and social objectives are shown as the medium grey segments in Figure 1, while green growth is depicted as the dark star in the centre. The light grey segments each represent the intersection between two of the broader environmental, economic and social objects.
This study will focus on low-carbon growth, which is an important element in the green growth mix. In Figure 1, low-carbon growth is shown as the intersection (light grey area) between economic growth and lower greenhouse gas intensity.
Lower greenhouse gas emission is important to ensure a healthy environment. A healthy environment offers various benefits to an economy in terms of the goods and services it provides. The most fundamental of these environmental services is the biophysical environment that resides within the limits of organic life (Tietenberg & Lewis, 2009). One of the most critical of the biophysical variables that maintain these limits is a very narrow range in ambient temperatures. This temperature range is created by an atmospheric greenhouse effect that maintains global temperatures at an average of 14oC (World Meteorological Organization, n.d.). The composition of atmospheric gases should therefore be sustained, as any alterations could shift global temperatures to outside the optimal range for organic life forms.
South Africa is a carbon-intensive economy, which means that the amount of greenhouse gas emitted for economic output is high (Davidson, Winkler, Kenny, Prasad, Nkomo, Sparks, Howells & Alfstad, 2006:4). The carbon intensity of an economy can be reduced by consuming more low-carbon environmental goods. Therefore, if low-carbon environmental goods are commonly used in South Africa, this could potentially decrease the carbon intensity of the economy. This argument is not as straightforward as it might appear, however, as some low-carbon goods can produce negative environmental effects at the production stage, such as the release of fluoride pollution during the production of solar panels. There can also be undesirable secondary effects when lowcarbon goods are used, such as birds being killed by the blades of wind turbines. In view of such complexities, this study will consider the effects of low-carbon goods only when they are consumed as intended, e.g. generating electricity from wind turbines, and not the potential negative implications for the environment when the goods are produced or unintended effects in consumption.
There is a clear connection between a strong export culture and positive economic growth trends. Thus, promoting the export of low-carbon environmental goods with particularly high export potential could eventually lead to higher economic growth in South Africa, with lower greenhouse gas intensity. Against this background, the aims of this study are:
- to explain the relationship between greenhouse gases and increased export activity;
- to create a list of low-carbon environmental goods and identify which of these have the greatest potential for reducing greenhouse gases and encouraging economic growth in South Africa; and
- to explore the economic benefits of the best low-carbon environmental goods, including the intensive and extensive export opportunities associated with them.
2 Literature review
Clearly, policymakers in South Africa should aim to boost economic growth through a more focused export promotion effort that would also be gentler on the environment. The following literature review examines what various authorities and other entities say about the interrelationships among enhanced export levels, the environment and economic growth, and the key role that low-carbon environmental goods can play in an economy.
2.1 The relationship between the environment and increased export activity
A study by the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) identified three effects of liberalised trade on greenhouse gas emissions: the scale effect, the composition effect and the technique effect (Tamiotti, The, Kulaçoğlu, Olhoff,, Simmons & Abaza, 2009).
The scale effect shows the degree to which greenhouse gases may increase as a result of greater economic activity (Tamiotti et al., 2009). If South Africa were to maintain its current level of carbon intensity, the scale effect would reveal an increase in greenhouse gas emissions due to heightened economic (industrial) activity. Another dimension of the scale effect would be that increased transportation across borders would similarly increase greenhouse gas emissions (Tamiotti et al., 2009).
The composition effect shows the degree to which the liberalisation of trade would change the relative prices of goods and services produced by certain sectors, which in turn could affect the relative size of those sectors and the composition of total production (Tamiotti et al., 2009). If less carbonated sectors expanded and replaced carbon-intensive sectors, greenhouse gas emissions would decline (Tamiotti et al., 2009).
Lastly, the technique effect shows the degree to which the adoption of superior lowcarbon technologies could potentially reduce the carbon intensity of the economy, at either the production or the consumption stage. As indicated earlier, this study will investigate only those goods that have a positive environmental impact at the consumption level.
The WTO's Doha Ministerial Mandate aimed to improve the global environment through the technique effect by encouraging the free trade of environmental goods (Tamiotti et al., 2009). However, the net effect of trade liberalisation on greenhouse gas emissions is difficult to quantify. While the scale effect points to an increase in emissions, the composition effect points to a decrease. Thus, the two effects work in opposite ways. Whether the technique effect reflects a rise or fall in greenhouse gas emissions depends on the products traded and the countries involved. In this study, the spotlight is on low-carbon environmental goods shipped from/to South Africa. Given that South Africa is a greenhouse gas-intensive country and low-carbon environmental goods, by definition, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, the use of the technique effect in this study will reveal a potential reduction in emissions. Through a combination of the three effects, an increase in exports of low-carbon environmental goods could have a positive environmental outcome for South Africa. The liberalisation of low-carbon environmental goods would therefore enable them to circulate more freely in the country, which would help to decrease the carbon intensity of the economy.
2.2 Diffusion of low-carbon technologies
The impact of the technique effect depends on how well goods are accepted into the country. The acceptance of new technologies by a community is called the diffusion of technologies into that community. This diffusion does not occur instantaneously, but follows an S-shaped curve over time, known as a sigmoid curve (Lóschel, 2002:106). Technologies can be diffused through various channels, such as foreign direct investment, imitation, knowledge spill-overs, the migration of skilled labour, or international trade (Groizard, 2007:2). Of all the channels, trade consistently proves to be one of the most important (Groizard, 2007:2), with increased trade having the potential to significantly accelerate the rate of diffusion. In this regard, the removal of trade barriers since 1994 has increased the rate at which technologies have been diffused into developing countries by about 80 per cent (Mundial, 2008).
It follows that trade liberalisation has a key role to play in diffusing low-carbon technologies into developing countries or carbon-intensive economies (Panitchpakdi, 2011). Importantly, too, the spread of environmental goods into an economy is accompanied by the sharing of knowledge and environmental best practices, and general cooperation between the countries concerned.
A study by the International Energy Agency (IEA) concluded that existing low-carbon technologies could substantially reduce global carbon levels (IEA, 2008). Thus, liberalising the trade in low-carbon environmental goods could increase the rate of diffusion of low-carbon technologies, which has the potential to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the South African economy. Furthermore, if the export of these goods was encouraged, South Africa's economic growth rate could rise. However, given the country's uneven economic capacity and potential, selective industry protection would undoubtedly be needed to steer such a reorientation.
2.3 Deriving a list of low-carbon environmental goods
According to Steenblik (2005:1), environmental goods and services (EGS) can be defined as those goods and services that measure, prevent, limit, minimise or correct environmental damage vis-á-vis various environmental entities. On the other hand, low-carbon environmental goods are defined as those goods that emit minimal or zero greenhouse gases during end use (Solarpowernotes, n.d.). The possible adverse effects associated with the production of these goods are not considered in this study.
Low-carbon environmental goods are only one type of environmental good. In order to create a list of low-carbon environmental goods, it is necessary first to make a list of all environmental goods and then isolate the low-carbon environmental ones. Despite the Doha Ministerial Mandate calling for the elimination of tariffs on environmental goods, there is no official, universal list of environmental goods. Four existing lists of environmental goods -classified according to their HS-6 codes for ease of comparison - are used in this study. They are from the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank (WB), the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and the Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International (FERDI). In order to distil the low-carbon goods from the environmental goods, the research findings of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) were consulted (Wooders, 2009).
2.3.1 The World Trade Organization (WTO) list
This list was produced by the Friends of the EGS Group, who submitted an informal document listing 153 environmental goods, arranged in 12 sub-groups, to the WTO's Committee on Trade and Environment Special Session (CTESS, 2007). The list can be accessed at: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/downloads/NZ-WTO/wto-dohaministerialdeclaration27apr07.pdf.
The IISD classified only goods in the Renewable Energy Plant sub-group as having a high potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Wooders, 2009). As a result, only this sub-group, which contains 30 of the 153 environmental goods, has been included in the study.
2.3.2 The World Bank (WB) list
It was considered particularly important to include this list in the study, as the World Bank is a key role-player in debates about environmental goods. The list contains 13 environmental goods, which are divided into four sub-groups: a) clean coal technologies; b) wind energy; c) solar photovoltaic system; and d) energy efficient lighting (Wooders, 2009).
10 of the 13 goods overlap with those in the WTO list. Nine of these 10 are in the subgroup Renewable Energy Plant, and are already identified as low-carbon environmental goods. The remaining four goods were not included in the study, because the IISD concluded that they did not have sufficiently high potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Wooders, 2009).
2.3.3 The International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) list
This list, which was compiled by Laborde and Lakatos in 2012 and submitted by the ICTSD, is the most recent. The ICTSD categorises environmental goods in three sub-groups: a) renewable products and energy sources; b) environmental monitoring, analysis and assessment equipment; and c) waste management, recycling and remediation.
Of the 63 environmental goods appearing in the ICTSD list, 50 overlap with those in the WTO list. Of these, 26 goods are in the subgroup Renewable Energy Plant, and are therefore already included in the final list of low-carbon environmental goods. The other 24 products were not included in the study because they were viewed by the IISD as having low, negligible or no potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Wooders, 2009). Of the 13 goods named by the ICTSD but not included on the WTO list, nine are listed as renewable products and energy sources by the ICTSD and so they are included in the final list with the exception of 'fluorescent, hot cathode lamps' (HS-6: 853931) which are not specified as renewable energy but rather as a lighting source which has a limited potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
2.3.4 The Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International (FERDI) list
This list is the result of a joint effort by representatives of Australia, Colombia, Hong Kong, China, Norway and Singapore to arrive at a core of 26 goods from the original 411 codes. It was considered important to include this list in the study because it is a good example of multinational collaboration (Balineau & De Melo, 2011).
From the core list of 26 goods, 23 goods overlap with those in the WTO list, of which 13 goods are categorised in the Renewable Energy Plant sub-group and are therefore already included in the final list. The remaining 13 goods were dropped from further consideration because the IISD concluded that they did not have sufficient potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Wooders, 2009).
2.3.5 Final list of low-carbon environmental goods
A final list of low-carbon environmental goods was derived (see Table 1) by working through the steps outlined in sections 2.3.1 to 2.3.4. In the table, the second column gives the HS-6 code for each product, and the third column gives a short description of the product as defined by the United Nations Commodity Trade Database (UN COMTRADE, 2010), while the last column indicates what the product is used for.
3 Empirical analysis
The empirical analysis was conducted with two main objectives in mind: to rank the identified low-carbon environmental goods, and to identify intensive and extensive opportunities for the top-ranking goods.
The intensive margin is defined in the World Bank's Trade Diagnostic Toolkit as the increase in existing product-country export opportunities (Reis & Farole, 2012:5). The extensive margin, in turn, is defined as a new product-country combination resulting from producing and exporting a 'new' product or exporting an existing product to 'new' markets (Reis & Farole, 2012:5). For the majority of countries, particularly those in the middle to high-income categories, most export growth takes place in the intensive margin. This is true of South Africa as well. To reduce their vulnerability to external shocks, countries need to expand their exports in the extensive margin - by both creating new trade flows through new product innovation and selling existing products in new markets. Yet new export initiatives are fraught with challenges, and many falter within a short period (Viviers, Cuyvers, Matthee, Steenkamp, Grater & Krugell, 2013).
In view of the many hurdles South African producers face in getting new products off the drawing board and into production, the focus of this analysis was on identifying low-carbon environmental goods already being produced in South Africa and prioritising them in terms of their export potential in existing and new markets.
3.1 Ranking the identified low-carbon environmental goods
The 39 products classified as low-carbon environmental goods depending on their end use (see Table 1) are not identical in terms of their ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or stimulate economic growth. Nor are they equal in terms of South Africa's current capacity to produce them. The goods needed to be further classified according to three criteria: i) the ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; ii) South Africa's capacity to produce the goods; and iii) the potential economic benefits to be derived from exporting the goods. This process facilitated the final ranking of the goods.
3.1.1 Criterion 1: Ability of the good to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
This criterion is based on the consensus of the different role players (the WTO, the WB, the ICTSD and the FERDI). A score of 1 was given to a product that each role player has identified as being a low-carbon environmental good. Thus, a maximum score of 5 was assigned to a product that appeared in all four lists and was also judged by the IISD as having a high potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This total score was the first of three used to rank the low-carbon environmental goods.
3.1.2 Criterion 2: South Africa's capacity to produce the good
It was important to take South Africa's capacity to produce the goods into consideration, particularly as the country's production capacity in respect of the 39 low-carbon environmental goods varies. To measure South Africa's production capacity in respect of existing products, the Revealed Comparative Advantage1 (RCA) was used.
The RCA measures whether a certain country exports proportionately more of a specific product in relation to its total exports than all other countries do, relative to their total exports (Huberty & Zachmann, 2011). The RCA of the identified environmental goods differed substantially, although the average RCA could be used to detect the current relative advantage that South Africa has over other countries in exporting a specific product.
The average RCA was determined over a five-year period from 2006 to 2010 in order to lessen the effect of possible outliers, and International Trade Centre data (ITC, 2011) were used. For this exercise, a score out of 5 for each of the final low-carbon environmental goods that South Africa currently produces was derived from the RCA of the different products. This RCA serves as a proxy for South Africa's production capacity in respect of such products.
3.1.3 Criterion 3: Potential economic benefits to be derived from exporting the good
The third and last criterion looked at the economic benefits that could potentially result from exporting each low-carbon environmental good. In measuring the benefits of increased exports of such products, only the potential export value was taken into account. Other benefits, such as an increase in consumer demand, government spending and investment, were not considered. Thus, potential export value can serve as a proxy for potential economic benefits.
In order to calculate the potential export value of a specific good, the market share and growth, and the number of countries that present export opportunities for the product were taken into consideration. Steenkamp (2011) used these aspects to estimate the potential export value of each product-country combination. The potential export value is an estimation of the export potential of a particular product-country opportunity. It was used simply to rank the export opportunities, thereby identifying the most lucrative ones; it is not a specific objective to be pursued.
3.1.4 Final ranking of low-carbon environmental goods according to Criteria 1, 2 and 3
Each of the three criteria discussed above assigned a score out of 5 to each low-carbon environmental good. To ensure a more normal distribution of scores, the methodology of the International Trade Centre (ITC, 2012) was used to calculate the scores for Criteria 2 and 3, as follows:
where scorecrit2/3 is the score out of 5 allocated to the specific product in Criterion 2 or 3;
x is the RCA of the specific product χ for Criterion 2 or the potential export value in Criterion 3;
a is the value of the product with the second highest RCA or potential export value and represents the upper threshold;
b is the value of the product with the second lowest RCA or export value and represents the lower threshold.
A score of 5 was allocated if the χ > a was true. A score of 0 was allocated if the x < b was true. A score calculated by was allocated if (α < χ < b). Thus, if the RCA or potential export value of the specific product was not in the upper or lower threshold, a percentage of the maximum 5 points was given. This depended on where the RCA or potential export value of the specific products lay relative to the other goods. The score was rounded to the second decimal point.
To calculate the final score, the three points out of five for Criteria 1, 2 and 3 respectively were multiplied in order to favour those goods with similar scores for all three criteria.
3.1.5 Results
From the 39 low-carbon environmental goods identified as potentially having a positive effect on both the economy and the environment, the five goods attracting the best scores were (in descending order): photosensitive semiconductors (HS-6: 854140); towers and lattice masts (HS-6: 730820); electrical control and distribution boards less than 1kV (HS-6: 853710); gearing, ball screws, speed changers, torque converters (HS-6: 848340); and static converters (HS-6: 850440).
Table 2 shows the top five goods in terms of the final score, as well as their respective scores for Criteria 1, 2 and 3.
3.2 Identifying the intensive and extensive export opportunities for the best low-carbon environmental goods
The process of establishing which products could, in the face of increased exports, contribute to more responsible or 'green' growth in South Africa would be incomplete if actual foreign market potential was not addressed. The Decision Support Model (DSM) has been used for this purpose.
The Decision Support Model (DSM) incorporates a screening process that facilitates export market selection through the identification of realistic export opportunities in the form of product-country combinations. The DSM uses a system of elimination, starting off with all possible world-wide product-country combinations and, through a unique filtering process, narrowing down the possibilities to those with the greatest potential in terms of market size, growth, accessibility and potential export value.
Filter 1 eliminates all countries that are high risk from a political and commercial point of view or have worrying macroeconomic indicators (Cuyvers, Steenkamp & Viviers, 2012). Filter 2 eliminates countries whose import demand is too small or that have inadequate growth prospects (Cuyvers et al., 2012). Filter 3 eliminates countries on the basis of their perceived inaccessibility owing to, for example, the level of market concentration (measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman index) and various barriers to entry, including transport time and cost, the quality of the country's logistics infrastructure, ad valorem equivalent tariffs and non-tariff measures (Cuyvers et al., 2012). Filter 4 then categorises the final round of potential markets according to the exporting country's current export performance in these markets in comparison with the performance of the top six competitors in each market. A potential export value is also assigned to each identified product-country combination with a view to prioritising the short-listed export opportunities.
The DSM was chosen as an appropriate methodology for identifying realistic export opportunities in this study, because, unlike most market selection tools, it investigates both existing and new export opportunities, thereby extending the scope of the export promotion effort (Cuyvers et al., 2012).
The list of low-carbon environmental goods derived in this study was run through the DSM in order to identify viable export opportunities for these goods. The export opportunities arising out of this process were either intensive or extensive in nature.
The top 10 intensive export opportunities for the top five low-carbon environmental goods are shown in Table 3. The first column ranks the export opportunities according to the potential export value; the second column lists the HS-6 code; the third column gives the product specification according to the UN COMTRADE (2010); the fourth column gives the export destination; and the last column gives the potential export value in thousands of US dollars (USD).
The top 10 extensive export opportunities for involving the export of existing products to the top five low-carbon environmental goods - new markets are shown in Table 4.
4 Conclusions and recommendations
The global economy is rapidly evolving and many countries, including South Africa, are finding themselves under increasing pressure to expand their economies in a responsible manner. By adopting a 'green' growth mentality, they will be making a vital contribution to the sustainability of the planet while also creating new export opportunities for themselves that will help to drive their domestic economies.
With growing concerns, though, that increased export volumes are harmful to the environment, it is essential that the government and other stakeholders in South Africa apply their minds to devising a strategy that creates a much-needed momentum in the export sector but also meets environmental objectives, notably bringing about a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This study offered new insights into how that can be done.
The study presented an initial backdrop to the export-environment-growth conundrum by highlighting the important role played by low-carbon environmental goods in enhancing environmentally-responsible growth through increased export activity. A complicating factor in researching low-carbon environmental goods was that there is no internationally accepted list of such goods. A key focus of this study, therefore, was deriving a single list, drawing from the lists of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank (WB), the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and the Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International (FERDI). A consolidated list of 39 low-carbon environmental goods was compiled, using various qualifying criteria. These goods were further evaluated in terms of their ability to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, South Africa's capacity to produce them, and the potential economic benefits to be derived from exporting the goods. A final list was then compiled showing the products that offer the best prospects for a positive effect on the South African economy and the environment as a whole.
The top five low-carbon environmental goods, ranked in terms of their assigned final score, are: photosensitive semiconductors (HS-6: 854140); towers and lattice masts (HS-6: 730820); electrical control and distribution boards < 1kV (HS-6: 853710); gearing, ball screws, speed changers, torque converters (HS-6: 848340); and static converters (HS-6: 850440).
Using the Decision Support Model (DSM), the intensive and extensive export opportunities associated with these top five lowcarbon environmental goods were identified. In this regard, the best overall intensive export opportunities according to their potential export value are: HS-6: 854140 - photosensitive semiconductors to Germany (USD 922.3 million) and HS-6: 853710 -electrical control and distribution boards smaller than 1kV to the United States (USD 838.6 million). The best overall extensive export opportunities, according to their potential export value, are: HS-6: 854140 - photosensitive semiconductors to China (USD 953.2 million) and HS-6: 854140 - photosensitive semiconductors to Hong Kong (USD 363.5 million).
While the study focused on the economic and export potential of the low-carbon environmental goods that South Africa already produces, there is scope for more research to be done into potential new areas of production, given the right circumstances and incentives. The production-linked effects of low-carbon environmental goods also represent a rich opportunity for more in-depth research. In the meantime, the results of this study should help to channel thinking by both the South African government and the private sector when it comes to export expansion and promotion.
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Accepted: March 2014
1 Where, the i is the specific product, XRSA shows total exports of South Africa and, XTshows total world exports. The RCA therefore shows the ratio between the percentage the exports of a specific product in South Africa and the percentage the exports of that product to all exports in the world.


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Account Manager ADA Tickets and Parking Buy Parking Now Buy Tickets Now Interactive Seating Chart Mobile Ticketing Parking Seating Map Suites Ticket Exchange
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Sammy Baugh TCU
Classic Memories1937 Classic: TCU 16, Marquette 6 Rushing: 2 attempts, 28 yards Passing: 5-13-2, 100 yards, 1 TD Punting: 3 punts, 108 yards, 36.0 avg. Punt Returns: 3 returns, 49 yards
TCU's Slingin' Sammy Baugh proved just how lethal his passing arm could be in the inaugural Cotton Bowl Classic of 1937. The celebrated quarterback, who as a professional would revolutionize the passing game, orchestrated scoring drives of 40, 78 and 62 yards in a 16-6 victory over Marquette. The game's key play came late in the first quarter when Baugh went deep for L.D. Meyer and connected on a 55-yard scoring play that propelled the Frogs to a 10-6 lead. A true pioneer of the game, Baugh was honored as a charter member of both the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1963.
Coach Frank Broyles Arkansas
Classic Memories1961 Classic: Duke 7, Arkansas 6 1965 Classic: Arkansas 10, Nebraska 7 1966 Classic: LSU 14, Arkansas 7 1976 Classic: Arkansas 31, Georgia 10 Classic Record: 2-2-0
Arkansas Frank Broyles was one of college footballs most dynamic coaches. His Razorbacks won or shared five Southwest Conference titles during the 1960s and earned three bids to the Cotton Bowl. One of Broyles' greatest victories was a stirring 10-7 defeat of Nebraska in the 1965 Classic, a victory that earned the Hogs a share of their first national championship and extended Arkansas winning streak to 12 games. The figure swelled to 22 by the end of the next season, and to no one's surprise, Broyles had his Hogs back in Dallas at the Cotton Bowl. An innovative leader as a player, coach, athletic director and Emmy-award winning television analyst, Frank Broyles personifies the essence of college athletics.
Gussie Nell Davis Kilgore Rangerettes
Classic MemoriesFounded: 1940 Cotton Bowl Classic Appearances: 1949, 1951-1979 Rangerettes' Total Classic Appearances: 1949, 1951-1999
For the past half-century, the Kilgore Rangerettes, Kilgore College and the Southwestern Bell Cotton Bowl Classic have shared a unique and lasting relationship. Founded in 1940 by the legendary Gussie Nell Davis, the Rangerettes paid their first visit to the Cotton Bowl in 1949. Two years later, Davis' internationally acclaimed drill team launched a streak in the Classic that soon will reach 50 consecutive appearances on New Year's Day, 2000. With her celebrated eye for detail, Ms. Davis brought "show business" to the game of football with the Rangerettes distinctive style and highly synchronized choreography. Every day she reminded her girls to "Never settle for less than perfection. Always remember who you are, you're a Rangerette!"
David Hodge Houston
Classic Memories1977 Classic: Houston 30, Maryland 21 1979 Classic: Notre Dame 35, Houston 34 1980 Classic: Houston 17, Nebraska 14 1977 Defensive Statistics: Tackles: 12 tackles, 6 unassisted 1979 Defensive Statistics: Tackles: 15 tackles, 6 unassisted 1980 Defensive Statistics: Tackles: 8 tackles, 3 unassisted 1979 Interceptions: 1 interception, 10 yards 1979 Fumbles: 1 recovery
It was impossible to deceive the Cougars' David Hodge. No matter where his opponents tried to run or throw, he always wound up at the football. In three Classic appearances, the Houston linebacker made 35 tackles. He began with 12 stops against Maryland in the 1977 Classic. Then, against Notre Dame in the 1979 game, Hodge made 15 tackles, recovered a fumble and snagged one interception. A year later, in the Cougars' dramatic last-second upset of Nebraska, he added to his career total with a solid eight-tackle performance versus the Huskers. With his efforts in '79 and '80, Hodge became only the second player ever to win back-to-back MVP honors at the Cotton Bowl.
Felix McKnight President/Team Selection Chairman
Classic MemoriesCBAA Executive Committee: 1953-1999 CBAA Team Selection Chairman: 1943-1974 CBAA?President: 1955-1956 CBAA Chairman: 1957-1958 Associated Press Southwest Sports Editor: 1934-1941 The Dallas Morning News Managing & Executive Editor: 1941-1957 Dallas Times Herald Co-Publisher & Editor: 1957-1987
One of the guiding forces behind the rise to prominence of the Cotton Bowl Classic was Felix McKnight. No other individual has served the CBAA in as many ways as the long-time newspaperman. McKnight was there from the beginning. At the age of 26, he served as an advisor to the bowl's founder, J. Curtis Sanford. Through the years, McKnight's duties ranged from entertainment, special events, team and player awards, radio-television negotiations and press and community relations. However, his best known work came in team selection, a committee he chaired for 31 years. No job was too big or too small for Felix. His goal was always the same - to promote the city of Dallas and its Cotton Bowl Classic.
James Street Texas
Classic Memories1969 Classic: Texas 36, Tennessee 13 1970 Classic: Texas 21, Notre Dame 17 1969 Rushing: 12 attempts, 38 yards 1969 Passing: 7-13-1, 200 yards, 2 TDs 1969 Two-Point Conversions: 1 pass 1970 Rushing: 10 attempts, 31 yards 1970 Passing: 6-11-1, 107 yards
James Street of Texas never lost a game in two seasons as the Longhorns' starting quarterback. But, against Notre Dame in the 1970 Classic, his 20-game winning streak was in jeopardy. The Irish held a 17-14 fourth-quarter lead as the clock ticked past the seven-minute mark. Determined not to fail, Street launched what became the most famous touchdown drive in Cotton Bowl history, a march that consumed nearly six minutes, 76 yards and 17 plays. Twice, Street converted crucial fourth-down plays, including a sensational eight-yard strike to Cotton Speyrer at the Irish two-yard line that set up the Horns' winning touchdown. In college football's 100th season, this resourceful Wishbone quarterback made sure that the national championship came home to Austin.


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Edinburgh is the impressive historic capital of Scotland and features a wealth of interesting places. Book flights to Edinburgh and discover its castles, churches and pubs. Every pub offers a wide variety of whisky and you can visit the Scotch Whisky Heritage Centre to learn how the Scottish gold is made. At night, combine your drink with a sturdy Scottish meal: haggis and stovies are served in every self-respecting restaurant.
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The Last Days Of The Roc Pt. 10: Dame Dash Vs Def Jam Part V! "Kevin Liles Is A Faggot. I Be Feeling Like Droppin That Niqqa" [Extended Version][Never Before Seen Footage]
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Help promote your child's love for the game of tennis with our selection of K-Swiss junior tennis shoes. K-Swiss has long been one of America's top tennis brands, and their shoe designs for junior players continue the tradition of quality, comfort, and performance. If you're looking to get your future star into some durable and reliable tennis kicks, you've come to the right place. Shop our selection of affordable K-Swiss kid's tennis shoes below and enjoy watching your young one hit the court in style.
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She's already been on Fallon, Leno, Letterman and Colbert, and now First Lady Michelle Obama will make an appearance in the Puppy Bowl, Animal Planet's consistently adorable and increasingly popular counter-programming to the Super Bowl.
The network announced this week that Obama hosted a "training camp" at the White House, attended by first dogs Bo and Sunny, 12 first- and second-graders from D.C.'s Harriet Tubman Elementary School and 13 undoubtedly cute shelter puppies.
According to an Animal Planet news release, it was a very busy practice session: "Bo and Sunny lined the pups up for practice on the White House South Lawn to run through tire and tackle drills, hone their ball and chew toy skills, play fetch with the kids and of course take a requisite water break with the First Lady followed by a nap in the grass."
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The event was organized as part of the first lady's "Let's Move!" initiative against childhood obesity, and encouraged frolicking with canine friends as a fun way for youngsters to stay active.
"It was so much fun to see the Puppy Bowl X Team work out at the White House!" said Obama. "As our family has seen with Bo and Sunny, going outside to walk and play with your pet is a perfect way to get moving and have some fun every day."
Highlights from the so-called training camp will appear during this Sunday's Puppy Bowl X, which airs from 3 to 5 p.m. ET/PT — but you probably already knew that — and will be repeated throughout the day.
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Each student will experience performance-based training in the administration, scoring and interpretation of the basic, individually administered academic achievement assessment procedures currently in use in the public schools, such as the Wide Range Achievement Test, Woodcock-Johnson Achievement Tests, Key Math, Peabody Individual Achievement Test, and other selected achievement tests when appropriate. May be taken concurrently with EDSE 5320. Prerequisites: EDSE 5305, EDSE 5320, and admission in the Educational Diagnostician Program.
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CSG company suspends NSW operations
Coal seam gas company Dart Energy has announced it is suspending all field operations in New South Wales and slashing 70 per cent of its workforce in response to tighter controls on the industry.
The announcement comes on the heels of new federal environmental laws covering CSG projects, and stricter regulations on the industry in NSW, including a ban on drilling near homes.
Dart says it is putting its projects in New South Wales on hold until a new policy approach is adopted in Australia.
Company chairman Nick Davies said in a statement that Dart's board is extremely disappointed with the uncertainty created by the state and federal government decisions.
He says the consequences are that investment's leaving the country and Australian jobs are being lost.
The company is now focusing on projects in the UK, which it says is actively seeking to support the industry.
Earlier another CSG exploration company said it would review its coal seam gas projects.
Planet Gas has used its annual report to criticise additional regulations which include buffer zones around certain residential areas.
It says the zones have limited technical basis and contradict previous rules.
It has described New South Wales as a 'high risk jurisdiction'.
Four Corners
Federal Independent MP Tony Windsor says he is concerned coal seam gas projects could have been rushed through without proper governmental oversight.
On last night's Four Corners program, whistleblower Simone Marsh revealed that in 2010 she and her colleagues were not given enough time or basic information to assess two southern Queensland projects worth $38 billion.
The Greens are calling for an immediate freeze on CSG mining and exploration, saying miners are "essentially writing their own permits".
"Four Corners last night made very clear to all Australians just how inadequate the scientific base has been for the approval that has been given by state governments and the Federal
Government for ongoing coal seam gas," Greens leader Christine Milne said.
"This is the end of the fossil fuel age and we should not be driving a new fossil fuel industry at this time."
Rick Wilkinson from industry representative the Australian Petroleum, Production and Exploration Association is satisfied the approval process for the two Queensland projects was appropriate.
"I think it's right and proper that there should be whistleblowers, and if something is not right then they should raise it," he said.
"But I'm confident, from what I've seen, that the right processes were followed and there were many checks and balances on the way through."
Topics: mining-industry, oil-and-gas, federal-government, states-and-territories, mining-environmental-issues, nsw, newcastle-2300, qld
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SHANGHAI, Nov 5 (Reuters) - China's capital, Beijing, infamous for its thick smog and heavy traffic, will slash the city's new car sales quotas by almost 40 percent next year, as it looks to curb vehicle emissions and hazardous levels of pollution, the city government website said.
The change in policy gives greater support for new, cleaner cars and could strengthen foreign carmakers' determination to accelerate growth in China's less crowded lower-tier cities.
In the last month alone, high levels of pollution have forced China to all but shut down the northeastern city of Harbin, a major urban centre with a population of 11 million.
Over the next four years, Beijing will issue 150,000 new license plates annually, down from 240,000 each year now, according to the city government's website. Car buyers must put on plates before they are allowed to drive on Chinese roads.
That means Beijing's new passenger vehicles sales during the 2014-2017 period will be capped at 600,000 units, few than the city's vehicle sales in 2010 alone.
In addition, the government will allot a higher proportion of license plates every year to buyers of new-energy vehicles that need lower amounts of gasoline or use alternative energy. This could benefit electric automakers such as BYD Co Ltd .
The number of plates for such vehicles will triple from 20,000 in 2014, to 60,000 in 2017, accounting for 40 percent of that year's total plate quota.
China has already taken a series of steps to ease traffic congestion and clean up air and water, as environmental degeneration becomes a source of social unrest. But none has cleaned up the air.
New car sales are currently restricted in four Chinese cities - Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Guiyang - where car buyers bid for license plates through auctions and lotteries.
China plans to restrict vehicle sales in eight more cities, the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers said in July, a policy trend that has already led carmakers such as General Motors Co and Volkswagen AG to put more resources into China's smaller, less-crowded lower-tier cities. (Reporting by Samuel Shen and Adam Jourdan; Editing by Nick Macfie)


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Thursday, September 27, 2018
Publié par Arya à l'adresse 9/27/2018 01:01:00 PM
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" The extension of the Law of Non-Violence in the domain of economics means nothing less than the introduction of Moral Values to be used in regulating international commerce...You cannot build a non-violent society based on exploitation. Exploitation is the essence of violence." Mahatma Gandhi
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Yajna is the spirit of self-sacrifice.
The spirit of self-sacrifice is the essence of Universal Law.
The essence of Universal Law is the Law of Life
Therefore, Yajna is the Law of Life.
Yajna is seen as the creative act of weaving that cosmic fabric in which everything has its place and receives its meaning.
'Yajna' means an act devoted to the welfare of others, done without desiring any return for it, whether of a temporal or spiritual nature.
'Act' here must be taken in its widest sense and includes thought, word and deed.
'Others' embraces not only humanity but all of life.
As Mahatma Gandhi stated:
"Yajna in its widest context must be an act which conduces the most to the welfare of the greatest numbers in the widest area, and which can be performed by the largest number of men and women." Gandhi
The mission of Yajna centre is both the socio-economic welfare and the spiritual elevation of humanity.
The socio-economic welfare of humanity is a means to the end.
The end is the moral and spiritual elevation of humanity.
Yajna center will strive to design and construct a global economic system built on the foundation of non-violence laid by Mahatma Gandhi, and guided and governed by Moral Laws governing the universe.
· Intelligence
· Creative Force
. Selfless action
· Sacrifice
· Generosity
· Justice
· Truth
· Love
. Perfection
. Harmony
· Beauty
· Abundance
· Peace
Yajna Center will strive to achieve its end mission by helping humanity recognize, discover and live in conformity with the Moral Laws governing the universe and operating within ourselves.
Albert Einstein
" Our scientific power has outrun our spiritual power; we have guided missiles and misguided men...; if we are to go forward, we must go back and rediscover those precious values: that all reality hinges on MORAL foundations and that all reality has spiritual control...The Moral arc of the universe bends at the elbow of justice."
Martin Luther King
"A human being is a part of a whole, called by us 'Universe', a part limited in time and space. We now experience ourselves, our thoughts and feelings as something separated from the rest... a kind of optical delusion of our consciousness. This delusion is a prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of understanding and compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of Nature in her beauty"
The life of the individual has meaning only insofar as it aids in making the life of every living thing nobler and more beautiful. Einstein
The high destiny of the individual is to serve rather than to rule. Einstein
A person starts to live when he can live outside of himself. Einstein
Only a life lived for others is a life worth living." Einstein
The world is a dangerous place to live in, not because of the evil people, but because of the people who do not do anything about it. Einstein
Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. Einstein
Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or in the darknes of destructive selfishness. MLK
A man who has not discovered something to die for is not fit to live. MLK
Life's most persistent and urgent question is: "What are you doing for others?" MLK
The ultimate tragedy is not the oppression and cruelty of the evil people, but the silence over that by the good people. MLK
I slept and dreamt that life was joy. I awoke and saw that life was service. I acted and behold, service was joy. R Tagore
The present evolutionary crisis comes from a disparity between the limited faculties of Man - mental, ethical and spiritual - and the technical and economic means at his disposal.
Without an inner change, Man can no longer cope with the gigantic development of outer life. If humanity is to survive, a radical transformation of human nature is indispensable. Only spiritual realization and experience can achieve the change of the mental being into a spiritual being."
Sri Aurobindo


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|add events
|my calendar
|[ today ] [ current month ] [ previous month ] [ next month ]
|December 2018
|Home | Thursday, December 20, 2018
|Novel Writing
|Dates: December 1, 2018 - September 23, 2019, Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Location: WriterHouse
|The WriterHouse located at 508 Dale Ave. in Charlottesville, Va...Is offering a nine-month class on Writing, Revising, and Pitching your Novel getting it out of the drawer and off to market...With instructor Randall Klein, it all starts Monday January 14, 2019...(more)
|New Virginians: 1619�2019 & Beyond
|Dates: December 10, 2018 - December 7, 2019, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
Location: Library of Virginia
|Recent estimates place the number of foreign-born Virginians at just under one million, or about one in every eight people in the state. The composite portrait of Virginia is becoming more complex, challenging an older, simpler understanding of what it means...(more)
|Memoir Writing
|Dates: December 18, 2018 - December 5, 2019, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
Location: WriterHouse
|Memoir in a Year...The WriterHouse located at 508 Dale Ave in Charlottesville, Va will be offering a year-long class on Drafting and Revising your book with instructor Lisa Ellison...This year-long class begins Thursday January 24, 2019 thru Thursday December 5, 2019...Applications...(more)
All contents copyright � 2001-2006, Community Calendar. All rights reserved.
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18 Easy Recipes for Dessert
Bonus: Get our newsletter & special offers for free. We will not share or sell your email address. View our Privacy Policy
Latest Comments
catbookwomanlkbs51 5492498
"Unfortunately, I can not pull up the recipe. The link that says "click for recipe" goes straight to some kind of ad with no other way to move on except close it. That takes you right back where you were with no recipe directions. How do I get to the actual recipe with directions?"
oreogram 7519240
"I make this and also other variations quite often. As far as the nuts go ...leave them out .. no problem, using pretzels .... they will draw moisture from the fruit...so will not be crispy. The topping does not CHANGE the flavor for sure, so try mini marshmallows ... maybe last 15 min. of bake time. Experiment with others ... this is how recipes are created. Good Luck and (I know you will) ENJOY!!!"
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Just-Like-Mom's Apple Dump Cake
You won't find any dump cake recipes or apple cake recipes quite like Just-Like-Mom's Apple Dump Cake. This delicious cake tastes just… Continue reading: "Just-Like-Mom's Apple Dump Cake"
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Your Mount Prospect Real Estate Blogger
Being addicted to learning about SEO is not that bad.
You get some more calls and consequently more business.
The bad thing would be the calls for your broker, because you have higher rankings and sometimes the call is not business related. Or some calls that would offer you services to achieve what I have already achieved.
We all know it is not that easy to be on page one. For some it's not easy to admit when they make mistakes.
I admit. I made a big mistake with climbing on Google, but now my Homes By Haris is climbing slowly and gaining the lost ground. My domain has aged. One of my mistakes was being all over the map, not being consistent on Mount Prospect area. I read many ideas and listened to many good suggestions.
The great news is that I'm on page one on Yahoo and Bing and I'm working hard to be on the top of the Google, too!
I scratched the site names on the right, highlighted with the red page one the bottom and my Mount Prospect Real Estate site on the top with yellow.
It helps being on top of ActiveRain in Mount Prospect but I was choosing the wrong words before to get the Google juice.
To be on top of the search results it takes some persistence. I even took classes at Oakton Community College and got a Web Developer Certificate.
Many top real estate agents are great with SEO which is almost or it is a must.
If you are looking for an agent that is persistent, follows the trends and is constantly learning to be better in the industry, you came to the right place.
Visit and choose to subscribe to my North Of Chicago real estate and other stuff blog for real estate market updates of Mount Prospect, IL and other neighboring communities.
Need a home with a fireplace in Mt. Prospect?
Contact me for any real estate needs in Chicago's North And Northwest suburbs.
Mount Prospect Real Estate on Homes By Haris.
Haris Dedic, Realtor®, SFR, SRES
With RE/MAX Villager
www.HomesByHaris.com MLS HOME SEARCH www.NorthOfChicago.com


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Artist's description:
I painted this in the studio as part of my "Mini Iowa" Series. This is painted on a 1.5 inches wide canvas, so it can be just hung on the wall or placed on a table or fireplace etc. The finished painting is coated with a resin varnish for a glossy finish.
The painting is extended to the side, so no framing is necessary. This can be paired with other paintings in the "Mini Iowa" Series for displaying together in a space horizontal or vertical in nature.
Materials used:
acrylics on canvas
Mini Iowa 44 (2016)
Acrylic painting by Sri Rao
- Acrylic painting on Canvas
- One of a kind artwork
- Size: 6 x 6 x 1.5 in (unframed) / 6 x 6 in (actual image size)
- Ready to hang
- Signed on the front
- Style: Impressionistic
- Subject: Landscapes, sea and sky
This artwork is sold by Sri Rao from United States


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Save time and money with online accounts. You can manage your accounts anytime you want - from home, work, or on the move - with management tools and resources online or over the phone. Better yet, you'll have access to exclusive products with premium features. With eBanking products, your banking experience is entirely online, and online bill pay and eStatements are required.
Enjoy the convenience of a checking account along with the earnings of a savings account.
Earn higher interest than a traditional savings account, with easy access to your money.
Product availability and terms can vary by state. Contact your local banker for complete details.
Products and features differ by market.


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Main Index
Latest News
Browse the site choosing a game from the menu, here you'll find Story, Screenshots, Arenas, Props and Fighters of the game, each fighter page includes: A complete Spritesheet, Biography, Animations, Props, Movelist, Fatality Videos, Ending, Renders, Cut-Out Pictures, Wallpapers and more!
Latest Updates
Mortal Kombat 11
Mortal Kombat Mobile
Mortal Kombat X
A quick update, I've got pics of the alternate costumes I've unlocked so far and captured them, also I started to write down special moves, and ]{0MBAT is getting all the endings for the game. The following characters have movelists and/or alternate costumes within their respective pages:
Also, holygrail_4 ripped two more versus cutouts!
Note that these characters also have their alternate costume pictures, stay tuned, I plan to update many times during this weekend with tons of MKA stuff!
25 responses to "MKA: Movelists and Alternate Costumes"
Wow!… You're going quick with these updates!…
these are pretty weak i was hopeing for better costumes and pretty much the same moves except scorps hellfire punch
Shinnok Alternate Costume look's the same as he wearing right now
The "MK:A Fatality" link (page) DOES NOT WORK!
i dont see Chameleon Alternate Costume wats up with that>.
Nice update man!
Mmm…I also expected better alternative costumes. But anyway, it´s good you´re progressing with these updates. (after that you´re gping back to the spritesheets, right? right?)
ok armageddon is the best game maid by human hands but i found three eatser eggs.rains fighting stance ZEI RAN MEN sounds offly fimilar to THE RAIN MAN. and NOOB SAIBOT name back word is BOON TOBIAS the two creaters of mortal kombat.
The new costumes seem like a paste-and-copy job, don't you think?
I'm just trying to find out if reptile's alt is his MK:DA costume.
i love mka.
Reiko Murdoink didnt upload the alt costume for chameleon
sub-zero738, about Noob Saibot, what you said is really old.
Murdoink, do you have an image of Shinnok´s default costume?? His alternative is the one we have already seen in the trailers.
# sub-zero738 Says:
October 14th, 2006 at 11:46 am
ok armageddon is the best game maid by human hands but i found three eatser eggs.rains fighting stance ZEI RAN MEN sounds offly fimilar to THE RAIN MAN. and NOOB SAIBOT name back word is BOON TOBIAS the two creaters of mortal kombat.
Everyone already knows about Noob Saibot=Boon Tobias… Zei Ran Men does sound like The Rain Man…
but they probably don't know that… And Shujinko looks cooler in his alt…
lol somebody brought up an old fact known years ago.
WOW..Nice work guys!
i loved chameleon and rains ending THANK YOU!
Mortal Doom said:
Shujinko is cooler in his alt
Either way, he's a stupid pushover. Too nice man, too nice
Shujinko looks like Wang Jinrei from Tekken
there is alot of old geezers in fighting games!
how can I use alternate costumes after unlocking them ?
This is interesting, post more often! hehe
Leave a Reply
Latest Updates
- Deadly Alliance, Deception & Armageddon Kontent
- Mortal Kombat 11 Kontent
- Mortal Kombat Mobile Kontent
- New Kontent: Missing Sprites, Parallax Arenas and MK2 Sounds
- More MKXL Kontent
- Celebrating 15 Years of MKW
- Mortal Kombat XL Kontent out of nowhere!
- Mortal Kombat XL announced, update on future site content
- Mortal Kombat X
- Mortal Kombat Deception Renders


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Published July 17, 2014
The Health Foundation of Western and Central New York has chosen School of Social Work faculty member Susan A. Green to take part in its Health Leadership Fellows Program, recognizing her influence in community health and investing in her expanding role addressing the health of elders and children living in poverty.
Green, a clinical associate professor specializing in children and families, will receive up to $15,000 over the next 18 months for professional development. She will be among 42 diverse, highly skilled leaders from health-related and safety-net organizations throughout Western and Central New York to take part in the fellowship program.
The Health Leadership Fellows aim to strengthen the health care system, promote education and advocacy, and encourage positive individual behavior changes. Their mission is to continue the focus of the Health Foundation in addressing the needs of the vulnerable aged and young.
Green has been especially active in teaching and training others on the impact of trauma and adverse childhood experiences throughout a person's life.
"The outcomes of childhood experience — such as obesity, diabetes, drug and alcohol abuse, missed work, cancer, heart disease — have all been linked with early childhood experiences," says Green.
"Does A equal B? No. But as we learn more about what the interplay may be among emotional and physical health issues, it will inform our approaches to treatment differently. It begins to give us a possible overall understanding of what may influence people's health."
Designed to improve critical skills of leaders in health and human service organizations, the 18-month Health Leadership Fellows Program offers participants individual leadership development, academic and team support, executive coaching, opportunities to increase a network of leaders, and an opportunity for collective leadership and change. In addition to four to five retreats spanning two to three days each, fellows will meet monthly and work in small teams to develop a collaborative inter-organizational project.
"Working collaboratively through the Health Leadership Fellows Program, these promising leaders can share best practices and develop new and innovative ways to improve the health of the people in our communities, particularly the frail elderly and children living in communities of poverty," says Health Foundation President Ann F. Monroe.
Green has been with UB's School of Social Work since 2001 and teaches several classes throughout the curriculum. She is co-director of the Institute on Trauma and Trauma-Informed Care within the Buffalo Center for Social Research at the School of Social Work, which began in Fall 2012.
"I feel thankful to have this opportunity to work among already established leaders in our community and take whatever improvements we can to the next step," she says.
Green works and volunteers with various community agencies and projects in the Western New York community. A therapist certified in several trauma therapies, she has published articles on trauma and trauma-informed care, and presents locally, nationally and internationally on trauma and trauma-informed care.
In 2004, Green established the DREAM (Developing Relationships through Empowerment, Advocacy and Motivation) program, a community-based program that aims to make a concrete, hands-on difference in people's lives. Starting with a bi-weekly educational enrichment program at Gerard Place on Buffalo's East Side that featured basketball and life-lessons mentoring, the DREAM program has since expanded to include five neighborhood agencies, including the Vive La Casa shelter for refugees and the Lutheran Church Home.
The DREAM program has served some of Buffalo's most vulnerable populations — from the young-young to the frail elderly — while at the same time providing valuable training for UB's social work students, Green notes. More than 20 MSW students have served as team leaders.


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Free Downtown Circulator
The R-LINE is Downtown Raleigh's FREE bus service to connect employees, residents and visitors to retail, restaurants, entertainment venues and parking in the Central Business District (CBD). The service has its own distinct look and feel from regular GoRaleigh bus service. This makes the R-LINE distinguishable for riders from a distance.
Monday-Wednesday Hours: 7:00 AM - 11:00 PM
Thursday-Saturday Hours: 7:00 AM - 2:15 AM
Sunday Hours: 1:00 PM - 8:00 PM
The circulator will run approximately every 15 minutes. The route will be served by 2 buses that will allow for headways to remain at approximately 15 minutes.
Please note, the R-LINE only stops at designated R-LINE stops indicated on the route's map.Download Map
Details on Buses
This route is served by 3, 40' hybrid electric, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) style buses; one bus will serve as a spare. The City of Raleigh chose to use 40' buses because they can easily be placed into regular GoRaleigh bus service if necessary. The City of Raleigh chose a BRT style hybrid because it is environmentally friendly, will run quietly in the CBD and it provides a distinctive look to the service.
The green and blue colors emphasize its unique "green" attribute; they stand for blue air and green earth. The design of the bus also symbolizes that the R-Line is a joint effort of the Raleigh Transit Authority, Downtown Raleigh Alliance (DRA) and the Greater Raleigh Convention and Visitors Bureau (GRCVB). The "R" logo is part of the DRA's "You R Here" campaign. Also, the colors of the bus are not only environmentally friendly but are the colors of GRCVB's logo.
The R-LINE is an example of the Raleigh Transit Authority's commitment to expand transit service in Raleigh and the City of Raleigh's commitment to make Raleigh a "green" city. For more information visit www.YouRHere.com.


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Ordering your own buckyball die to make your own paper buckyball models
January 3, 2013
The NISE Network has created a custom buckyball die for hand-operated roller die-cutting machines so that you can make your own buckyball paper models. We no longer have pre-cut paper buckyballs available for distribution.
Instructions on how to order this custom die have been included with the Exploring Structures - Buckyballs catalog entry, under the Resources tab, aptly titled, "How to Order Your Own Buckyball Die"


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My Favorite Professor: USU Grad Nick Bahr Recalls Working on Research Projects with Dr. Chad Albrecht
April 2013
My experience with Dr. Chad Albrecht was life changing in a literal sense. I was privileged to collaborate with him on several research projects while working on my undergraduate degree at USU.
One project, on how management styles are shifting, led to a presentation at the Mountain Plains Management Conference in Utah. It was based on a theory from Simon L. Dolan at ESADE Business School in Barcelona, where I am now studying. Dr. Albrecht and I researched how management styles are shifting from "managing by instruction" to "managing by objectives" to the current and future method, "managing by values."
Another project, on financial fraud prevention, led to publication in a scholarly journal. In each case Dr. Albrecht listened to my ideas and allowed me to choose what I wanted to work on with him.
Working with Dr. Albrecht is like an ongoing pep talk peppered with enlightening flashes of learning. He treated me like an equal and rarely took credit for the things he did for me. For instance, we decided that my name should appear as the lead author in the article we published.
All along the way he spent time:
- explaining how the research process works
- guiding me and my student peers through how
- to cite authors correctly
- teaching us how to use research tools such as surveys and coding.
He also spent time and money drinking hot cocoa with us and discussing our futures.
Dr. Albrecht has a contagious enthusiasm for learning, and never made us feel we were wasting his time.
I can't thank you enough, Dr. Albrecht, for your time.


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Stadium Crowd – The back door
Working on sports projects often requires crowd audio that helps to convey a specific place and responds emotionally to the actions of a game. Very often, you don't even think consciously about the crowd as your eyes are deeply focused on the action and your hands are firmly gripped to your chair. The reaction of the crowd though can physically make you feel the drama and transport you in a fraction of a second into the stadium with the tens of thousands of fans.
There's a concept by Walter Much here that explains how visuals knock at the front door while sound tends to come from the back door. In fact, two different parts of our brain treat separately what we see and what we hear. That's because our vision is meant to directly inform us of the front while our ears should prevent us from being attacked from behind.
Crowd sound is a powerful storytelling tool that has 3 characteristics: Behavior, Content and State. It can be yelling, swearing, cheering, chanting, roaring, idling… It may clap, rumble, whistle, blow some horns… And it finally may be positive, negative or neutral and play with tension, anger, surprise or joy.
PA announcements, music, chants, fireworks, swear words and anything not suitable have to be removed. I found it very useful to stay on the field and change location when needed.
Crowds can be very large and reach high dB SPL in half a second. With limited equipment and on my own time, I managed to access the fields during 2 soccer games and a football game. Soccer and football present different crowd behaviors and it was a chance to have indoor and outdoor alternatives. The Empire Stadium has a capacity to seat 27500 and BC Place 60 000, so by coming early enough, I could arrange to take the best spot and capture distant and proximity perspectives without disturbing the TV crews.