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Terry Walters, holistic health counselor and author of "Clean Start," adds seafood and legumes to the lean cuisine. Both brain boosters, they empower you to make smart decisions and they also keep you satisfied. If the excitement you felt in Week One starts to fade, revisit your goal list and recommit! If you loved some recipes from last week, feel free to incorporate them this week too.
What to Expect: You'll have an increased awareness of how your body reacts to each meal. Eat just enough to feel satisfied, not stuffed.
By the Week's End: Your appetite and usual cravings are likely decreasing. You're sleeping better and feeling happy you made the choice to change.
Vegetable-Miso Soup with Chickpeas
Scrambled Tofu with Collards and Turmeric
Baked Sweet Potatoes with Citrus
Print the Week 2 Shopping List
Print All of the Week 2 Recipes
Find a few minutes in the morning to sit down and slowly enjoy a comforting soup. It will help set a mindful tone for the day and also get your digestion moving. Miso contains beneficial bacteria and zybiocolin, which help eliminate free radicals from the body.
With the hardest days behind you, your body will feel light and renewed, so now it's time to start enjoying this! Try a more nutrient-rich breakfast, such as this tofu scramble.
Eating this winter superfood is one of the best ways to get more beta-carotene, an antioxidant the body converts to immunity-boosting vitamin A. The hearty but low-calorie root veggie is also great for weight loss. Bake several of these ahead and store in your fridge for up to 3 days.
With boosted energy and renewed sense of self, you'll be eager to feel even better and experiment with more whole foods.
Hungry? It might be your body telling you it's dehydrated. Drink a glass of water and wait 20 minutes before eating your next meal.
Raw Kale Salad with Pomegranate and Toasted Walnuts
Red Lentil Soup
Spicy Black-Bean Salad
Watercress with Sardines, Tarragon, and Clementines
Print All of the Week 2 Recipes
Pile your plate with healthy dark, leafy greens. Kale, which boasts a cool 45 flavonoids (plant pigments that promote antioxidant activity in the body), helps lower cholesterol as effectively as some prescription drugs.
Get the Raw Kale Salad with Pomegranate and Toasted Walnuts Recipe
Keep a batch of this warming soup around for the week and you'll stay slim and satisfied -- a whole cup of cooked lentils contains just 200 calories. The legume is also a stellar source of both soluble and insoluble fiber -- getting enough roughage this week is important for keeping your digestive system running smoothly.
Reintroducing lean proteins this week will keep you satisfied and boost your energy and brain.
Tip: invigorate yourself. Devote 15 minutes today to being away from your computer. Go outside and take a walk to recharge.
Choosing clean seafood is a great way to minimize the amount of toxins (like mercury) you take in. Wild-caught Pacific sardines, rich in healthy omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12, are one of the greenest fish choices you can make.
Get the Watercress with Sardines, Tarragon, and Clementines Recipe
End your days during Week 2 with one of these lean, protein-packed dinners.
Roasted Winter Vegetables with Cannellini Beans
Grilled Salmon and Bok Choy with Orange-Avocado Salsa
Baked Trout with Broccoli, Apple, and Fennel Slaw
Print All of the Week 2 Recipes
Try to add one more vegetarian entree to your diet each week. Eating more plant-based meals has been proven to lower your weight, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Brussels sprouts contain compounds that trigger the production of detoxifying enzymes in the liver.
Get the Roasted Winter Vegetables with Cannellini Beans Recipe
Citrus and fresh herbs add clean, fresh flavor to foods, so you don't need to use much (if any) salt. Cilantro lends more than a little zing here: The vibrant herb contains healing phytonutrients and has antimicrobial properties.
Get the Grilled Salmon and Bok Choy with Orange-Avocado Salsa Recipe
Adding high-quality protein like fish back into your diet this week will make it easer to conquer cravings.
Get the Baked Trout with Broccoli, Apple, and Fennel Slaw Recipe
In a slump? Try one of these balanced bites.
Dried Fruit and Nut Bites
Crispy Roasted Cauliflower
Cinnamon Poached Apples with Toasted Walnuts
Minty Pea Dip
Cranberry-Pumpkin Seed Trail Mix
Pistachio-Stuffed Dates with Coconut
Sesame Kale Crisps
Carrot-Mango Smoothie
Any-Bean Dip
Roasted Spiced Chickpeas
Antioxidant Smoothie
Print the Snacks Recipes
Wake your body up with a morning strength-training routine that includes a meditation component. Brief sessions with 2- to 3-pound weights allow you to embrace resistance and stillness.
Week 1 Shopping List
Week 2 Shopping List
Week 3 Shopping List
Week 4 Shopping List
BMI Calculator
Calorie Burner Counter
Target Heart Rate
Nutritional Needs Calculator
No ifs, ands, or buts! These are the six to skip during each week of the 2012 Whole Living Challenge.Read More
Turn to us for questions, tips, or to sound off about how much you miss chocolate.


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Fire Leaves Smoke Damage in Sioux Falls Apartment
The investigation is underway into an apartment fire that was reported around 4:30pm Wednesday at 1808 East 5th Street.
Sioux Falls Fire Rescue Battalion Chief Jay Titus says the first crews on the scene found smoke and flames coming from a first-floor apartment. They had the fire under control in about ten minutes.
The fire was confined to the first floor, but the building had smoke damage on both the first and second floors.
No one was in the apartment at the time; the fire was reported by a maintenance person.
No one was injured, and the Red Cross is assisting the residents.

subset: commoncrawl


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Eminem's daughter, Hailie Scott, recently graduated with honors from Chippewa Valley High in Clinton Township, according to several media reports.
The daughter of Marshall "Eminem" Mathers and his ex-wife, Kimberly Mathers, lists National Honor Society and Academic Excellence among her honors. She will attend Michigan State University majoring in psychology or entrepreneurship.
Eminem has devoted several lines and even entire songs to his daughter throughout his career.
Hailie was also involved with Art Club, Key Club, volleyball and Student Council, according to a school newsletter. She also received a Department of Psychology Award. She was crowned homecoming queen in October 2013.
Under "Most Influential During My Lifetime," Hailie wrote, "My mother and father are because they have pushed me to be the person I am and have given me all the support to achieve what I have."
View photos from Hailie's graduating class.
Reports this week revealed Madonna's daughter, Lourdes Leon, will be attending the University of Michigan in the fall.


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Ukraine is in crisis amid Russian meddling, and Putin is looking East as the West threatens more sanctions.
The situation is good for China, which can benefit from Russia's raw materials and Western inaction.
Geopolitical expert Ian Bremmer of the Eurasia Group explained how Beijing is making the most of the climate.
"[China is] the big winner from the Ukraine crisis — everybody wants to work with them," Bremmer told Business Insider in an email. "I'd say not only are they ignoring U.S./E.U. sanctions, they're actually taking advantage of them."
And strategically, China is in a position to make aggressive moves against the interests of nearby countries that are not strong U.S. allies — much like Russia is doing in Ukraine.
"The U.S. has a treaty that directly commits the Americans to defend Japan in the case of an attack; that's not the case with Vietnam. The U.S. isn't as directly committed (the recent U.S.-Philippines announcement of tighter military cooperation notwithstanding), and China sees that they can push more militarily against non-U.S. allies (as the Russians have in Ukraine, for example) without much pushback. "
Bremmer noted that while tensions in the South China Sea are deepening, the U.S. has had some success: President Obama's recent trip to Japan reaffirmed America's strong presence in the region at a time when relations between Beijing and Tokyo are becoming more functional.
Obama accomplished this by emphasizing American support for Tokyo and "diminishing the opportunity for China to drive a wedge between Japan and the U.S," Bremmer said. "That's what Obama needed to accomplish in Japan. I'd say the effort has been successful."
Nevertheless, fundamental problems remain. America's indictment of five Chinese military hackers is the latest signal that relations may be contentious as events evolve in Ukraine and the South China Sea.
"The biggest structural problem between the U.S. and China is that the two countries are at war with each other over cyber," Bremmer told BI. "That's ebbed greatly of late given the change in the Obama second term administration (away from the pivot) and the Snowden scandal making it harder for the U.S. to play offense on China publicly on cyber. But the confrontation is surely growing. And this is an indication."


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STATELINE (WIFR) -- The gun control battle hit the small screen during Sunday's big game. Now a new commercial sponsored by a national coalition called "Mayors Against Illegal Guns" is creating a lot of debate today.
Rockford Mayor Larry Morrissey is a part of that organization.
Some argue children should not have been used in the ad in an effort to evoke emotion on such a heated topic. The $100,000 Super Bowl commercial may have only aired in the Washington D.C area, however, it's impact is reaching further then the nation's capitol.
Rockford mayor Larry Morrissey and DeKalb's city leader are both apart of " Mayors Against Illegal Guns" which is the national organization behind the ad. The 30 second spot narrated by a child's voice features NRA president Wayne LaPierre, asking for universal background checks at a 1999 congressional hearing. Now LaPierre says gun laws requiring those checks are ineffective at keeping guns out of the hands of criminals. We made several attempts to reach Morrissey today, however his opponents in the mayoral race are weighing in on the ad.
"We all know that most gun crimes are committed by gang members who don't exactly buy their guns at gun shows so I don't know if targeting gun owners in that matter through background checks will have an effect on the problem," said Republican mayoral candidate Michael Kleen.
Democratic mayoral candidate Jim Hughes says he was also not happy about how children were used in the ad, however, Dekalb's mayor, who is also a part of the group behind the spot, says he thinks the spot sends a message to the community that city leaders care about gun violence.
While in Minneapolis today, the President addressed the issue. Obama is pushing several proposals, one that would limit how many bullets gun clips can hold and a ban on military assault rifles.


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Published Aug 27, 2014
Come on, veggie lovers! Tell us where you go to graze!
From local attractions to tales of a haunted past, what is your favorite... see the Top 5 →
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The 2014 Denver A-List awards are based on more than 109,000 votes from local Denver-area experts.


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This recipe is adapted from the Ball® Complete Book of Home Preservation. I love this book! I have been canning a lot lately - rather obsessively, actually - and it has been a pleasure to work my way through its pages.
This time of year is always marked by a bevy of stone fruit, and this recipe is a great way to preserve some of it for for another season. I like this recipe a lot because it has all the yumminess of salsa without tomatoes. As a tomato-avoiding person, I was darn excited to see this. I have made the recipe twice, and each time it has turned out great. The first time I prepared it as written in the book, and the second time I prepared it with a few tweaks of my own and doubled the recipe. I have a lot of peach salsa in my canning cupboard right now, it's kind of ridiculous.
I know it is delicious because one of my jars was a dud and it didn't seal properly, so I had to eat it up. And boy, is it good! Whether you avoid tomatoes or not, I think you'll love it. The salsa is also very good fresh, so feel free to reserve some to eat right away and can the rest.


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Tunisian Revolution
|Tunisian Revolution
الثورة التونسية
|Part of the Arab Spring
Protesters with a sign that says "Ben Ali, get lost" in French.
18 December 2010 – 14 January 2011
(3 weeks and 6 days)
|Caused by
|Resulted in
Overthrow of the Ben Ali government
Part of a series on the
|History of Tunisia
The Tunisian Revolution[8] was an intensive campaign of civil resistance, including a series of street demonstrations taking place in Tunisia, and led to the ousting of longtime president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011. It eventually led to a thorough democratization of the country and to free and democratic elections.
The demonstrations were caused by high unemployment, food inflation, corruption,[9][10] a lack of political freedoms like freedom of speech[11] and poor living conditions. The protests constituted the most dramatic wave of social and political unrest in Tunisia in three decades[12][13] and resulted in scores of deaths and injuries, most of which were the result of action by police and security forces against demonstrators.
The protests were sparked by the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi on 17 December 2010[14][15][16] and led to the ousting of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 28 days later on 14 January 2011, when he officially resigned after fleeing to Saudi Arabia, ending 23 years in power.[17][18] Labour unions were an integral part of the protests.[19] The Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet was awarded the 2015 Nobel Peace Prize for "its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Tunisian Revolution of 2011".[20] The protests inspired similar actions throughout the Arab world, known as the Arab Spring.
In Tunisia and the wider Arab world, the protests and change in government are called the Revolution or sometimes the Sidi Bouzid Revolt, derived from Sidi Bouzid, the city where the initial protests began.[21][22] In the Western media, these events have been dubbed the Jasmine Revolution or Jasmine Spring[23] after Tunisia's national flower and in keeping with the geopolitical nomenclature of "color revolutions". The name "Jasmine Revolution" originated from American journalist Andy Carvin, but it was not widely adopted in Tunisia itself.[24] In fact, the debate surrounding the name and the poetic influences behind the Tunisian revolution was a popular question among Tunisian intellectuals themselves as seen in the following article: Tunisia's revolution of dignity and freedom cannot be color-coded. The name adopted in Tunisia was the Dignity Revolution, which is a translation of the Tunisian Arabic name for the revolution ثورة الكرامة (Thawrat al-Karāmah).[25] Within Tunisia, Ben Ali's rise to power in 1987 was also known as the Jasmine Revolution.[26][27]
President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali had ruled Tunisia since 1987, mostly as a one-party state with the Democratic Constitutional Rally (known as the RCD) in power. His government was characterized by the development of Tunisia's private sector in favor of foreign investment, and the repression of political opposition. Foreign media and NGOs criticized his government, which was supported by the United States and France. As a result, the initial reactions to Ben Ali's abuses by the U.S. and France were muted, and most instances of socio-political protest in the country, when they occurred at all, rarely made major news headlines.[28]
Riots in Tunisia were rare[29] and noteworthy, especially since the country is generally considered to be wealthy and stable as compared to other countries in the region.[30] Any form of protests in the country were previously successfully repressed and kept silent by the former regime and protesters would be jailed for such actions, as were for example protests by hundreds of unemployed demonstrators in Redeyef in 2008.[31] Al Jazeera English also said that Tunisian activists are amongst the most outspoken in its part of the world with various messages of support being posted on Twitter for Bouazizi.[32] An op-ed article in the same network said of the action that it was "suicidal protests of despair by Tunisia's youth." It pointed out that the state-controlled National Solidarity Fund and the National Employment Fund had traditionally subsidized many goods and services in the country but had started to shift the "burden of providence from state to society" to be funded by the bidonvilles, or shanty towns, around the richer towns and suburbs. It also cited the "marginalisation of the agrarian and arid central and southern areas [that] continue[s] unabated."[33] The protests were also called an "uprising" because of "a lethal combination of poverty, unemployment and political repression: three characteristics of most Arab societies."[34]
Mohamed Bouazizi and Sidi Bouzid
Twenty-six-year-old Mohamed Bouazizi had been the sole income earner in his extended family of eight. He operated a vegetable or apple cart (the contents of the cart are disputed) for seven years in Sidi Bouzid 190 miles (300 km) south of Tunis. On 17 December 2010, a female officer confiscated his cart and produce. Bouazizi, who had had such an event happen to him before, tried to pay the 10-dinar fine (a day's wages, equivalent to 7USD). In response the policewoman insulted his deceased father and slapped him. The officer, Faida Hamdi, stated that she was not even a policewoman, but a city employee who had been tasked that morning with confiscating produce from vendors without licenses. When she tried to do so with Bouazizi a scuffle ensued. Hamdi says she called the police who then beat Bouazizi.[35] A humiliated Bouazizi then went to the provincial headquarters in an attempt to complain to local municipality officials and to have his produce returned. He was refused an audience. Without alerting his family, at 11:30 am and within an hour of the initial confrontation, Bouazizi returned to the headquarters, doused himself with a flammable liquid and set himself on fire. Public outrage quickly grew over the incident, leading to protests.[36][37] This immolation and the subsequent heavy-handed response by the police to peaceful marchers caused riots the next day in Sidi Bouzid that went largely unnoticed, although social media sites such as Facebook and YouTube featured images of police dispersing youths who attacked shop windows and damaged cars. Bouazizi was subsequently transferred to a hospital near Tunis. In an attempt to quell the unrest President Zine el Abidine Ben Ali visited Bouazizi in hospital on 28 December 2010. Bouazizi died on 4 January 2011.[38]
On 28 November 2010, WikiLeaks and five major newspapers (Spain's El País, France's Le Monde, Germany's Der Spiegel, the United Kingdom's The Guardian, and the United States' The New York Times) simultaneously published the first 220 of 251,287 leaked documents labeled confidential.[39] These included descriptions of corruption and repression by the Tunisian regime. It is widely believed that the information in the WikiLeaks documents contributed to the protests, which began a few weeks later.[39]
There were reports of police obstructing demonstrators and using tear gas on hundreds of young protesters in Sidi Bouzid in mid-December 2010. The protesters had gathered outside regional government headquarters to demonstrate against the treatment of Mohamed Bouazizi. Coverage of events was limited by Tunisian media. On 19 December, extra police were present on the streets of the city.[40]
On 22 December, Lahseen Naji, a protester, responded to "hunger and joblessness" by electrocuting himself after climbing an electricity pylon.[41] Ramzi Al-Abboudi also killed himself because of financial difficulties arising from a business debt by the country's micro-credit solidarity programme.[33] On 24 December, Mohamed Ammari was fatally shot in the chest by police in Bouziane. Other protesters were also injured, including Chawki Belhoussine El Hadri, who died later on 30 December.[42] Police claimed they shot the demonstrators in "self-defence." A "quasi-curfew" was then imposed on the city by police.[43] Rapper El Général, whose songs had been adopted by protesters, was arrested on 24 December but released several days later after "an enormous public reaction".[44]
Violence later increased as Tunisian authorities and residents of Sidi Bouzid Governorate encountered each other once again. The protests had reached the capital Tunis[41] on 27 December with about 1,000 citizens expressing solidarity[45] with residents of Sidi Bouzid and calling for jobs. The rally, which was called by independent trade union activists, was stopped by security forces. The protests also spread to Sousse, Sfax and Meknassy.[46] The following day the Tunisian Federation of Labour Unions held another rally in Gafsa which was also blocked by security forces. At the same time about 300 lawyers held a rally near the government's palace in Tunis.[47] Protests continued again on the 29 December.[48]
On 30 December, police peacefully broke up a protest in Monastir while using force to disrupt further demonstrations in Sbikha and Chebba. Momentum appeared to continue with the protests on 31 December and further demonstrations and public gatherings by lawyers in Tunis and other cities following a call by the Tunisian National Lawyers Order. Mokhtar Trifi, president of the Tunisian Human Rights League (LTDH), said that lawyers across Tunisia had been "savagely beaten."[42] There were also unconfirmed reports of another man attempting to commit suicide in El Hamma.[49]
On 3 January 2011, protests in Thala over unemployment and a high cost of living turned violent. At a demonstration of 250 people, mostly students, in support of the protesters in Sidi Bouzid, police fired tear gas; one canister landed in a local mosque. In response, the protesters were reported to have set fire to tyres and attacked the office of Constitutional Democratic Rally.[50] Some of the more general protests sought changes in the government's online censorship, where a lot of the media images have been broadcast. Tunisian authorities also allegedly carried out phishing operations to take control of user passwords and check online criticism. Both state and non-state websites had been hacked.[51]
On 6 January 95% of Tunisia's 8,000 lawyers went on strike, according to the chairman of the national bar association. He said "The strike carries a clear message that we do not accept unjustified attacks on lawyers. We want to strongly protest against the beating of lawyers in the past few days."[52] It was reported on the following day that teachers had also joined the strike.[53]
In response to 11 January protests police used riot gear to disperse protesters ransacking buildings, burning tires, setting fire to a bus and burning two cars in the working class suburb of Ettadhamen-Mnihla in Tunis. The protesters were said to have chanted "We are not afraid, we are not afraid, we are afraid only of God." Military personnel were also deployed in many cities around the country.[54]
On 12 January, a reporter from the Italian state-owned television broadcaster RAI stated that he and his cameraman were beaten with batons by police during a riot in Tunis' central district and that the officers then confiscated their camera.[55] A night time curfew was also ordered in Tunis after protests and clashes with police.[56]
Hizb ut-Tahrir also organised protests after Friday prayer on 14 January to call for re-establishing the Islamic caliphate.[57] A day later, it also organised other protests that went to the 9 April Prison to free political prisoners.[58]
Also on 14 January (the same day that Ben Ali fled), Lucas Dolega, a photojournalist working for European Pressphoto Agency, was hit in the forehead by a tear gas canister allegedly fired by the police at short range; he died two days later.[59][60][61][62]
The end of Ben Ali's rule
During a national television broadcast on 28 December, President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali criticized people for their protests calling the perpetrators "extremists and mercenaries" and warned of "firm" punishment. He also accused "certain foreign television channels of broadcasting false allegations without verification, based on dramatization, fermentation and deformation by media hostile to Tunisia."[63] His remarks were ignored and the protests continued.[48]
On 29 December, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali shuffled his cabinet to remove his communications minister Oussama Romdhani, while also announcing changes to the trade and handicrafts, religious affairs, communication and youth portfolios.[64] The next day he also announced the dismissal of the governors of Sidi Bouzid, Jendouba and Zaghouan.[65]
In January 2011, Ben Ali said 300,000 new jobs would be created, though he did not clarify what that meant. However, he also described the protests as "the work of masked gangs that attacked at night government buildings and even civilians inside their homes in a terrorist act that cannot be overlooked." Ahmed Najib Chebbi, the leader of the Progressive Democratic Party, then said that despite official claims of police firing in self-defense "the demonstrations were non-violent and the youths were claiming their rights to jobs" and that "the funeral processions [for those killed on 9 January] turned into demonstrations, and the police fired [at] the youths who were at these ... processions." He then criticised Ben Ali's comments as the protesters were "claiming their civil rights, and there is no terrorist act...no religious slogans," while accusing Ben Ali of "looking for scapegoats." He further criticised the additional jobs offered as mere "promises."[66]
Several webloggers and the rapper Hamada Ben Amor, better known by his stage name El Général,[67][68] were arrested, but that the rapper and some of the bloggers were later released.[69] Reporters Without Borders said the arrest of at least six bloggers and activists, who had either been arrested or had disappeared across Tunisia, was brought to their attention and that there were "probably" others.[70] Tunisian Pirate Party activists Slah Eddine Kchouk, Slim Amamou (later released,[71][72] and eventually appointed Secretary of State for Sport and Youth by the incoming government)[73][74] and Azyz Amamy were arrested but later released.[51][75][76][77] Hamma Hammami, the leader of the banned Tunisian Workers' Communist Party and a prominent critic of Ben Ali, was arrested on 12 January,[56] though he was released two days later.[78]
On 10 January, the government announced the indefinite closure of all schools and universities in order to quell the unrest.[79] Days before departing office, Ben Ali announced that he would not change the present constitution, which was read as, in effect, promising to step down in 2014 due to his age.[80]
On 14 January, Ben Ali dissolved his government and declared a state of emergency. Officials said the reason for the emergency declaration was to protect Tunisians and their property. People were also barred from gathering in groups of more than three, otherwise courting arrest or being shot if they tried to run away.[81][82] Ben Ali also called for an election within six months to defuse demonstrations aimed at forcing him out.[83] France24 also said the military took control of the airport and closed the country's airspace.[84]
On the same day, Ben Ali fled the country for Malta under Libyan protection[85] and landed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, after France rejected a request for the plane to land on its territory. Saudi Arabia cited "exceptional circumstances" for their heavily criticised decision to give him asylum saying it was also "in support of the security and stability of their country." The Saudi decision was "not out of sympathy" for Ben Ali (who had long fought against Islamists in Tunisia). Saudi Arabia demanded Ben Ali remain "out of politics" as a condition for accepting him.[86]
Initial impact of Ben Ali's overthrow
Following Ben Ali's departure from the country, a state of emergency was declared. Army Commander Rashid Ammar pledged to "protect the revolution."[87] Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi then briefly took over as acting President.[17][88] On the morning of 15 January, Tunisian state TV announced that Ben Ali had officially resigned his position and Ghannouchi had handed over the Presidency to parliamentary speaker Fouad Mebazaa, with Ghannouchi returning to his previous position as Prime Minister.[89] This was done after the head of Tunisia's Constitutional Court, Fethi Abdennadher, declared that Ghannouchi did not have right to power, and confirmed Fouad Mebazaa as acting President under Article 57 of the Constitution. Mebazaa was given 60 days to organise new elections.[90] Mebazaa said it was in the country's best interest to form a National Unity government.[91]
INTERPOL confirmed that its National Central Bureau (NCB) in Tunis had issued a global alert via INTERPOL's international network to seek the location of and arrest former Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali and six of his relatives.[92]
A commission to reform the constitution and current law in general was set up under Yadh Ben Achour.[93] There were also calls by the opposition to delay the elections and hold them in six or seven months and with international supervision.[94]
Following Ben Ali's departure, violence and looting continued and the national army was reported to be extensively deployed in Tunisia.[95] The identity of the perpetrators has not been determined. A high official of the Tunisian military, however, also stated that elements loyal to former President Ben Ali have deployed across the country.[96] The capital's main train station was also torched.[95]
A prison director in Mahdia freed about 1,000 inmates following a prison rebellion that left 5 people dead.[97] Many other prisons also had jail breaks or raids from external groups to force prisoner releases, some suspected to be aided by prison guards. Residents who were running out of necessary food supplies had armed themselves and barricaded their homes, even to the extent of having formed armed neighbourhood watches. Al Jazeera's correspondent said there were apparently three different armed groups: the police (250,000 people of the country's population were supposedly part of the police force), security forces from the Interior Ministry, and irregular militias supportive of Ben Ali who were vying for control.[98]
Gun battles took place near the Presidential Palace between the Tunisian army and elements of security organs loyal to the former regime after Ali Seriati, head of presidential security, was arrested and accused of threatening state security by fomenting violence.[99] The Tunisian army was reportedly struggling to assert control.[100] Gunfire continued in Tunis and Carthage as security services struggled to maintain law and order.[101]
The most immediate result of the protests was seen in increased internet freedoms.[102] While commentators were divided about the extent to which the internet contributed to the ousting of Ben Ali from power,[103][104] Facebook remained accessible to roughly 20% of the population throughout the crisis[104][105] whilst its passwords were hacked by a country-wide man-in-the-middle attack,[106] YouTube and DailyMotion became available after Ben Ali's ouster,[107] and the Tor anonymity network reported a surge of traffic from Tunisia.[108]
Ghannouchi government 15 January-27 February 2011
- 17 January - Ghannouchi announces his cabinet, including twelve members of the ruling RCD, the leaders of three opposition parties (Mustapha Ben Jafar from the Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties (FTDL), Ahmed Brahim of the Ettajdid Movement, and Ahmed Najib Chebbi of the Progressive Democratic Party),[109] three representatives from the Tunisian General Labour Union (UGTT) and representatives of civil society (including prominent blogger Slim Amamou). Three notable movements not included in the national unity government were the banned Ennahda Movement, the communist Tunisian Workers' Communist Party[110] and the secular reformist Congress for the Republic.[111] Daily protests begin against the presence of RCD members in the new government. Thousands of anti-RCD protesters rally in a protest with relatively little violence between security services and protestors.[112]
- 18 January - Street protests against RCD participation in the new government include hundreds of people demonstrating in Tunis, Sfax, Gabes, Bizerta, Sousse and Monastir.[113] The three members of the UGTT and Ben Jafaar of the FTDL quit it, saying that they had "no confidence" in a government that still featured members of the RCD party that ruled under Ben Ali.[114][115][113] Mustapha Ben Jafar also refuses to take up his post. The interim President, Mebazaa, and Prime Minister Ghannouchi resign their memberships of the RCD in a bid to calm protests against the inclusion of RCD members in the government. Ghannouchi states that all members of the national unity government had "clean hands."[116]
- 19 January - Protests continue - with the demand that no "former allies" of Ben Ali should remain in the government, including hundreds of protestors marching in central Tunis and about 30 staging a sit-in near the Ministry of the Interior, ignoring a curfew.[117] Protestors also called for the RCD to be disbanded.[116]
- 20 January - Hundreds of people demonstrate outside the RCD headquarters in Tunis with the same aims, and protests in other towns around Tunisia are reported.[118] Zouhair M'Dhaffer, a close confidant of Ben Ali seen as the main architect of the 2002 constitutional reform to lift term limits, resigns from the government. All other RCD ministers resign from the party on the same day and the central committee of the RCD disbands itself on that day.[119][120] The new government announces in its first sitting that all banned parties would be legalised and that all political prisoners would be freed.[121] It was unclear whether the ban on these parties and the ban on Hizb ut-Tahrir would be lifted until 12 March 2011, when they were declared as banned again.[122] The Ennahda Movement on the other hand, got a permit.[123][124]
- 21 January - Thousands participate in protests outside the Interior Ministry.[125] Ghannouchi commits to resigning after holding transparent and free elections within six months.[126]
- 23 January - Thousands of police begin to join protests in Tunis over salaries and to deflect blame over political deaths attributed to them during Ben Ali's rule.[127]
- 24 January - As army chief Rachid Ammar announces that the armed forces are on the side of the protesters and would "defend the revolution", rumours emerge that the government would be replaced by a council of "wise men".[128]
- 25 January - Protesters continue to defy a curfew in Tunis[129] as reverberations continued around the region.
- 26 January - International arrest warrants issued for Ben Ali, his wife and several other members of his family.[130]
- 27 January - Prime Minister Mohammed Ghannouchi reshuffles his government and announces a new cabinet. Six former members of the RCD party leave the interim government, including Defence Minister, Foreign Minister, Finance Minister and Interior Minister. Apart from the prime minister, the new government retained just two ministers from Ben Ali's old government—the industry and international cooperation ministers—but neither of these had been a member of his ruling RCD party. This move was seen as meeting one of the demands of the protesters in Tunisia,[131] and was supported by the UGTT, which stated its support for the reorganised cabinet.[132] New ministers included independent state attorney Farhat Rajhi as interior minister, retired career diplomat Ahmed Ounaies as foreign minister and Elyes Jouini (an economist living in France) as minister delegate to the prime minister in charge of administrative and economic reform.[133]
- 28 January - Hundreds of people camp beside Mohamed Ghannouchi's office protesting against his remaining in the interim government.[134] A student coordinating food distribution at the protests, Saifeddine Missraoui, stated, "We are not leaving here until Ghannouchi leaves and we get a brand new government."[134] Another protestor, Naim Garbousi from Casbah Media Relations, stated, "The new line-up is a theatre. The symbols of the old regime are left, like Ghannouchi. Why is he insisting on staying? We are 10 million people, there will surely be someone who can replace him."[134]
- 2 February - Former interior minister, Rafik Belhaj Kacem arrested by his successor, Farhat Rajhi, concurrently with accusations of former allies of Ben Ali trying to destabilize the state.[135]
- 3 February - All 24 regional governors are replaced.[136] The Interior Ministry replaces 34 top-level security officials in a bid to bring change to the police, security services and spies that were a part of Ben Ali's security infrastructure. The interim head of state Fouad Mebazaa promises a national dialogue to address protester demands.[137]
- 4 February - Sidi Bouzid again the scene of protests despite the arrests of two security forces personnel for deaths of two. Several hundred people turned up at the local police station as a result of medical staff at a local hospital saying they found signs of burning on the victims' bodies. On 5 February, protesters in El Kef called for the local police chief Khaled Ghazouani to be sacked for abusing his authority. Protesters threw stones and small firebombs as well as burned two cars, one of which was a police vehicle. Police first responded with tear gas and then fired on the protesters in which two people were killed immediately and two died in hospital, 15 others were also wounded. The region's prefect Mohamed Najib Tlijali called for calm[138] as the police chief was arrested.* 13 February - Foreign minister Ahmed Ounaies resigns over controversial praise he gave to French Foreign Minister Michele Alliot-Marie, who was being criticised for her ties to Ben Ali.[139] Mouldi Kefi becomes the new foreign minister on 21 February.[140]
- 6 February - The former ruling RCD's activities are suspended to prevent a breakdown in state security, with an order for dissolution of the party pending.[141][142][143]
- 7 February - Tunisia's Defense Ministry calls up recently retired soldiers as the country is still struggling to contain unrest. Soldiers retired within the last five years, as well as those who had recently completed their mandatory military service, were asked to report for duty.[144] First steps taken on a bill that would give the interim President, Fouad Mebazaa, emergency powers, allowing him to bypass the RCD-dominated parliament.[145]
- 8 February - An agreement is reached between the interim government and the UGTT on nomination of new governors.[146]
- 9 February - The bill to grant Fouad Mebazaa emergency powers is passed on 9 February. He states that all banned parties will be legalised within days.[147] The bill also allows Mebazaa to ratify international human rights treaties without parliament;[148] He has previously stated Tunisia would accede to the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and the First and Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (which would mean abolishing the death penalty).[149]
- 19 February - Protests flare up again, with 40,000 protesters demanding a new interim government completely free of any people associated with the old regime. Protesters also demand a parliamentary system of government instead of the current presidential one.[150][151]
Caid Essebsi government
As a date was announced for an election in mid-July 2011, more than 100,000 protesters continued to demand the removal of Ghannouchi as interim prime minister.[152]
- 27 February - After an even larger rally Ghannouchi resigns, saying: "After having taken more than one week of thinking, I became convinced, and my family shared my conviction, and decided to resign. It is not fleeing my responsibilities; I have been shouldering my responsibilities since 14 January [when Mr Ben Ali fled]," and "I am not ready to be the person who takes decisions that would end up causing casualties. This resignation will serve Tunisia, and the revolution and the future of Tunisia."[153][154] Béji Caïd Essebsi becomes Prime Minister
- 28 February - Two more ministers resign (industry minister Afif Chelbi and international co-operation minister Mohamed Nouri Jouini) amid continuing protests for the entire interim government to resign, with the UGTT calling for an elected constituent assembly to write a new constitution.[155]
- 1 March - The Ennahda Movement is legalised.[156] The resignations of the Minister for Higher Education and Scientific Research Ahmed Brahim[157] and the Minister of Local Development Ahmed Nejib Chebbi are officially announced by the Tunis Afrique Presse (TAP) agency. A private radio broadcaster Shems FM also reported that the Minister of Economic Reform Elyes Jouini had resigned as well.[158]
- 3 March - President Mebazaa announces that elections to a Constituent Assembly would be held on 24 July 2011; this likely means that general elections will be postponed to a later date.[159] This fulfilled a central demand of protesters.[160]
- 7 March - The interim government announces that the secret police will be dissolved, one of the hallmarks of Ben Ali's rule.[161]
- 9 March - A court in Tunis announces the dissolution of the former ruling party, the Rally for Constitutional Democracy (RCD), and the liquidation of its assets and funds, but the party said it would appeal the decision.[162]
- 14 April - It is announced that Ben Ali will face 18 charges, including voluntary manslaughter and drug-trafficking. His family and former ministers are also going to face 26 further charges.[163]
- 23 October - Tunisians vote for the first time post-revolution. The election appointed members to a Constituent Assembly charged with rewriting Tunisia's Constitution. The formerly banned Islamic party Ennahda won by capturing 41% of the total vote.[164]
Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi's government asked Saudi Arabia to extradite Ben Ali saying that "following a new batch of charges against the ousted president regarding his involvement in several serious crimes aimed at perpetrating and inciting voluntary homicide and sowing discord between the citizens of the same country by pushing them to kill one another."[165] Reports emerged on 18 February 2011 that Ben Ali had had a stroke and was gravely ill.[166] Plans for a general amnesty were also announced on that day.[167]
In mid-February 2011, about 4,000 mostly Tunisian refugees landed on the Italian island of Lampedusa, causing the authorities to declare a state of emergency[168] that would allow for federal aid to the island. Interior Minister Roberto Maroni accused the EU of not doing enough to curb immigration and asked them to do more.[169] He said that the "Tunisian system was 'collapsing'" and that he would "ask the Tunisian Foreign Ministry for permission for our authorities to intervene to stop the flow in Tunisia," suggesting Italian troops would be on Tunisian soil.[170] He called the event a "biblical exodus." The comments started a row between the two countries with the Tunisian Foreign Ministry saying it was ready to work with Italy and others but that it "categorically rejects any interference in its internal affairs or any infringement of its sovereignty." In response, Italy's Foreign Minister Franco Frattini said that both countries share a "common interest" to halt the immigration, while he also offered "logistical help in terms of police and equipment. Until now the system of patrolling the coasts of Northern Africa has worked and we want to re-establish the technique, which had reduced illegal immigration to zero until a month ago." Tunisia then said that it had troops patrolling southern fishing ports and that checkpoints had been erected in coastal towns. By 14 February, at least 2,000 refugees had been sent to Sicily with the other 2,000 quarantined at a re-opened holding centre.[171] On 2 March about 350 more people arrived on the island. In response Italy declared a humanitarian emergency.[172]
The International Organisation for Migration said that no new boats had been spotted. The EU's Catherine Ashton was on a visit to Tunisia to discuss the issue. German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that "not everyone who does not want to be in Tunisia can come to Europe. Rather, we need to talk to each other how we can strengthen the rule of law in Tunisia again and whether Europe can be of help."[171]
- Other
The national stock market, the TUNINDEX, fell on 12 January for a three consecutive day loss of 9.3%.[173] Following the curfew in Tunis, the market index again fell 3.8% as the cost of protecting against a sovereign default in credit default swaps rose to its highest level in almost two years.[174][175]
Following Ghanoucchi and two other Ben Ali-era ministers resigning, the bourse was again suspended.[176]
International and non-state
Many governments and supranational organisations expressed concerns over use of force against protesters. France, the former colonial power of Tunisia, was one of just a few states that expressed strong support for the Ben Ali government prior to its ouster, though protests were held in solidarity with Tunisia in several French cities and the French Socialist Party voiced support for the popular revolution.
Media and punditry
The protests and resultant political crisis have generally been called the Jasmine revolution' only in the foreign media.[177][178] Tunisian philosopher Youssef Seddik deemed the term inappropriate because the violence that accompanied the event was "perhaps as deep as Bastille Day,"[179] and although the term was coined by the Tunisian journalist Zied El Hani, who first used it on his blog on 13 January and initially spread via social media such as Facebook (hence "Revolution Facebook" amongst the youth of Tunisia),[180] it is not in widespread use in Tunisia itself.[181]
The lack of coverage in the domestic state-controlled media was criticised.[32] Writer/activist Jillian York alleged that the mainstream media, particularly in the Western world, was providing less coverage and less sympathetic coverage to the Tunisia protests relative to Iranian protests and the Green movement and China's censorship. York alleged the "US government—which intervened heavily in Iran, approving circumvention technology for export and famously asking Twitter to halt updates during a critical time period—has not made any public overtures toward Tunisia at this time."[182]
Despite criticism about the "sparse" level of coverage and "little interest" given to the demonstrations by the international media, the protests were hailed by some commentators as "momentous events" in Tunisian history.[183] Brian Whitaker, writing in The Guardian, suggested on 28 December 2010, that the protests would be enough to bring an end to Ben Ali's presidency and noted similarities with the protests that led to the end of Nicolae Ceauşescu's reign in Romania in 1989,[183] although Steven Cook, writing for the Council of Foreign Relations, notes that a tipping point is only obvious after the fact, and points to the counter-example of the 2009-2010 Iranian election protests.[184] Ben Ali's governing strategy was nevertheless regarded as in serious trouble,[12] and Elliot Abrams noted both that demonstrators were able for the first time at the end of 2010 to defy the security forces and that the regime had no obvious successors outside of Ben Ali's own family.[185] The French management of the crisis came under severe criticism[186] with notable silence in the mainstream media in the run-up to the crisis with its former protectorate with which it maintained friendly relations.[187]
Repercussion analysis
Al Jazeera believed the ousting of the president meant the "glass ceiling of fear has been for ever shattered in Tunisia and that the police state that Ben Ali created in 1987 when he came to power in a coup seems to be disintegrating", though it added that Ben Ali's resignation, following his statement that he had been "duped by his entourage" may not entirely be sincere. Le Monde criticised French President Nicolas Sarkozy and the European Union's "Silence over the Tragedy" when the unrest broke.[28] The Christian Science Monitor suggested that mobile telecommunications played an influential role in the "revolution."[188]
The revolt in Tunisia began speculation that the Tunisian Jasmine Revolution would lead to protests against the multiple other autocratic regimes across the Arab world. This was most famously captured in the phrase asking whether "Tunisia is the Arab Gdańsk?". The allusion refers to the Polish Solidarity movement and Gdańsk's role as the birthplace of the movement that ousted Communism in Eastern Europe. The phrase appeared in outlets such as the BBC,[189] as well as editorials by well known columnists Rami Khouri[190] and Roger Cohen.[191]
Larbi Sadiki suggested that although "conventional wisdom has it that 'terror' in the Arab world is monopolised by al-Qaeda in its various incarnations", there was also the fact that "regimes in countries like Tunisia and Algeria have been arming and training security apparatuses to fight Osama bin Laden [but] were [still] caught unawares by the 'bin Laden within': the terror of marginalisation for the millions of educated youth who make up a large portion of the region's population. The winds of uncertainty blowing in the Arab west – the Maghreb – threaten to blow eastwards towards the Levant as the marginalised issue the fatalistic scream of despair to be given freedom and bread or death."[192] A similar opinion by Lamis Ardoni carried by Al Jazeera said that the protests had "brought down the walls of fear, erected by repression and marginalisation, thus restoring the Arab peoples' faith in their ability to demand social justice and end tyranny." He also said that the protests that succeeded in toppling the leadership should serve as a "warning to all leaders, whether supported by international or regional powers, that they are no longer immune to popular outcries of fury" even though Tunisia's ostensible change "could still be contained or confiscated by the country's ruling elite, which is desperately clinging to power." He called the protests the "Tunisian intifada" which had "placed the Arab world at a crossroads." He further added that if the change was ultimately successful in Tunisia it could "push the door wide open to freedom in Arab word [sic]. If it suffers a setback we shall witness unprecedented repression by rulers struggling to maintain their absolute grip on power. Either way, a system that combined a starkly unequal distribution of wealth with the denial of freedoms has collapsed."[193]
Similarly, Mark LeVine noted that the events in Tunisia could spiral into the rest of the Arab world as the movement was "inspiring people...to take to the streets and warn their own sclerotic and autocratic leaders that they could soon face a similar fate." He then cited solidarity protests in Egypt where protesters chanted "Kefaya" and "We are next, we are next, Ben Ali tell Mubarak he is next;" and that Arab bloggers were supporting the movement in Tunisia as "the African revolution commencing...the global anti-capitalist revolution." He pointed to an article in al-Nahar that talked of an "inhuman globalisation" that had been imposed on the Arab world, however a "human" nationalism had not taken place. LeVine then accused the Obama administration in the United States of double standards when Clinton was in the region meeting with political and civil society leaders; however, she responded to a question about the protests, saying "We can't take sides", which was read as a failure to seize the "reins of history" and "usher in a new era" to "defeat the forces of extremism" without the violent conflict in the Afghanistan-Pakistan area. Pointing out Clinton's remarks about regimes whose "foundations are sinking into the sand" and needed "reform", LeVine argued that US foreign policy in the Middle East and the Muslim world was "equally in danger of sinking into the sands if the President and his senior officials are not willing to get ahead of history's suddenly accelerating curve." He added, "It is the US and Europe, as much as the leaders of the region, who in Clinton's words are in need of 'a real vision for that future.'" Finally he said there were two scenarios that could play out: "a greater democratic opening across the Arab world," or a similar situation to Algeria in the early 1990s when the democratic election was annulled and the Algeria went into a civil war.[194]
Robert Fisk asked if this was "The end of the age of dictators in the Arab world?" and partly answered the question in saying that Arab leaders would be "shaking in their boots". He also pointed out that the "despot" Ben Ali sought refuge in the same place as the ousted Idi Amin of Uganda and that "the French and the Germans and the Brits, dare we mention this, always praised the dictator for being a 'friend' of civilised Europe, keeping a firm hand on all those Islamists." He notably pointed at the "demographic explosion of youth" of the Maghreb, though he said that the change brought about in Tunisia may not last. He thinks "this is going to be the same old story. Yes, we would like a democracy in Tunisia – but not too much democracy. Remember how we wanted Algeria to have a democracy back in the early Nineties? Then when it looked like the Islamists might win the second round of voting, we supported its military-backed government in suspending elections and crushing the Islamists and initiating a civil war in which 150,000 died. No, in the Arab world, we want law and order and stability." He added that "If it can happen in the holiday destination Tunisia, it can happen anywhere, can't it?"[195]
Blake Hounshell wrote on Foreign Policy.com that the Tunisian precedent raised the prospect of a "new trend. There is something horrifying and, in a way, moving about these suicide attempts. It's a shocking, desperate tactic that instantly attracts attention, revulsion, but also sympathy."[196]
Impact of the Internet
The use of communication technologies, and the Internet in particular, has been widely credited as contributor to the mobilisation of protests.[197] A blog associated with Wired described the intricate efforts of the Tunisian authorities to control such online media as[198] Twitter and Facebook. Other regional regimes were also on higher alert to contain spillover effects that may ensue.
On 11 March 2011, Reporters Without Borders gave its annual award for online media freedom to the Tunisian blogging group Nawaat.org. Founded in 2004, it played an important role rallying anti-government protesters by reporting on the protests which the national media ignored.[199]
Regional instability
Bouazizi's actions resonated across the region, with many others across the Arab world following suit. In January 2011, the BBC reported: "Clearly the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi has resonated across the region...'There is great interest. The Egyptian people and the Egyptian public have been following the events in Tunisia with so much joy, since they can draw parallels between the Tunisian situation and their own.'"[200]
After the beginning of the uprising in Tunisia, similar protests took place in almost all Arab countries from Morocco to Iraq, as well as in other states, ranging from Gabon to Albania, Iran, Kazakhstan, United States, India and others. Following weeks of protests, Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak resigned on 11 February. Major protests against longtime Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi broke out on 17 February and quickly deteriorated into civil war, ultimately resulting in the downfall of the Gaddafi regime later in the year. Syria experienced a major uprising of people calling for the removal of President Bashar al-Assad. The Syrian uprising also deteriorated into a civil war, giving rise to the militant group, ISIS, and partly causing the current refugee crisis. In addition, Yemen, Bahrain, and Algeria have seen major protests.
However, a financial analyst in Dubai suggested that "the spillover effect of the political turbulence to the large countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council is non-existent as there are no similar drivers."[201]
In mid-May 2013, Tunisia banned the Salafist Ansar al-Sharia from carrying out party congresses. The day after the congress was due to be carried out, clashes between security forces and party supporters in Kairouan resulted in one death amid attempts to disperse those who wanted to carry out the events.[202]
The Tunisian president, Beji Caid Essebsi, renewed the state of emergency in October 2015 for three months due to previous terror attacks.[203]
See also
- ↑ Willsher, Kim (27 February 2011). "Tunisian prime minister Mohamed Ghannouchi resigns amid unrest". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
- ↑ "Tunisia forms national unity government amid unrest". BBC News. 17 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia dissolves Ben Ali party". Al Jazeera. 9 March 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ Beaumont, Peter (19 January 2011). "Tunisia set to release political prisoners". The Guardian. London.
- ↑ "Tunisia election delayed until 23 October". Reuters. 8 June 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
- ↑ "Thousands protest before Tunisia crisis talks". Reuters. 23 October 2013.
- 1 2 Report: 338 killed during Tunisia revolution. Associated Press via FoxNews. 5 May 2012.
- ↑ Ryan, Yasmine (26 January 2011). "How Tunisia's revolution began – Features". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ↑ "A Snapshot of Corruption in Tunisia". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ↑ Spencer, Richard (13 January 2011). "Tunisia riots: Reform or be overthrown, US tells Arab states amid fresh riots". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Ryan, Yasmine. "Tunisia's bitter cyberwar". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- 1 2 "Tunisia's Protest Wave: Where It Comes From and What It Means for Ben Ali | The Middle East Channel". Mideast.foreignpolicy.com. 3 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Borger, Julian (29 December 2010). "Tunisian president vows to punish rioters after worst unrest in a decade". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ↑ Tunisia suicide protester Mohammed Bouazizi dies, BBC, 5 January 2011.
- ↑ Fahim, Kareem (21 January 2011). "Slap to a Man's Pride Set Off Tumult in Tunisia". The New York Times. p. 2. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ↑ Worth, Robert F. (21 January 2011). "How a Single Match Can Ignite a Revolution". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- 1 2 Davies, Wyre (15 December 2010). "Tunisia: President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali forced out". BBC News. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Uprising in Tunisia: People Power topples Ben Ali regime". Indybay. 16 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Trade unions: the revolutionary social network at play in Egypt and Tunisia". Defenddemocracy.org. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- ↑ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2015 - Press Release". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ↑ "The Sidi Bouzid Revolution: Ben Ali flees as protests spread in Tunisia". libcom.org. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ "Revolte Tunisie Sidi bouzid 3". YouTube. 4 January 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ Carvin, Andy. "Sidi Bou Zid: A Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia". Storify. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
- ↑ Carvin, Andy (13 January 2011). "Online Reports Detail Chaos, Deaths in Tunisia". Washington DC: NPR. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
- ↑ Amira Aleya-Sghaier, The Tunisian Revolution: The Revolution of Dignity, The Journal of the Middle East and Africa Vol. 3, Iss. 1,2012
- ↑ Malaponti, Olivier (15 January 2011). "Révolution de jasmin ?" [Jasmine Revolution?]. Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 28 January 2011. (english translation)
- ↑ "Why you shouldn't call it the "Jasmine Revolution"". The Arabist. Retrieved 2017-09-08.
- 1 2 Ahelbarra, Hashem. "Tunisia: The end of an era | Al Jazeera Blogs". Blogs.aljazeera.net. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ "Deadly Riots in Tunisia Shut Down Schools". CBS News. 10 January 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ "Protesters killed in Tunisia riots". English.aljazeera.net. 9 January 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ Lemaire, Jean-Marie; Mathlouti, Rim (15 February 2011). "Redeyef, the precursor of the Tunisian revolution". France 24. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- 1 2 "Riots reported in Tunisian city – Africa – Al Jazeera English". English.aljazeera.net. 20 December 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- 1 2 Sadiki, Larbi (27 December 2010). "Tunisia: The battle of Sidi Bouzid – Opinion – Al Jazeera English". English.aljazeera.net. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Andoni, Lamis (31 December 2010). "The rebirth of Arab activism – Opinion". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Totten, Michael J. (17 May 2012). "The Woman Who Blew Up the Arab World". World Affairs Journal. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
Barack Obama mentioned me in a speech. He said I was a cop. He said I slapped Mohamed Bouazizi. He's a stupid fool for not checking. Americans are great people, but you need to do a better job of checking your information.
- ↑ Abouzeid, Rania (21 January 2011). "Bouazizi: The Man Who Set Himself and Tunisia on Fire". Time.
- ↑ "Suicide protest helped topple Tunisian regime". The Star. Toronto. 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian who sparked rare protests dies: relatives -Reuters". Reuters. 5 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- 1 2 Black, Ian; editor, Middle East (7 December 2010). "WikiLeaks cables: Tunisia blocks site reporting 'hatred' of first lady". The Guardian.
- ↑ "Images posted on social-network sites show police intervening to halt disturbances ignored by national media". Al Jazeera. 20 December 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
- 1 2 "Protests continue in Tunisia". Al Jazeera. 26 December 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
- 1 2 "A protester dies after being shot by police, as activists criticise government repression of protests". Al Jazeera. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
- ↑ "Protester dies in Tunisia clash: Several wounded in Sidi Bouzid as demonstrations against unemployment turn violent". Al Jazeera. 25 December 2010. Retrieved 25 December 2010.
- ↑ Walt, Vivienne (15 February 2011). "El Général and the Rap Anthem of the Mideast Revolution". Time. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia jobless protests rage". Al Jazeera. 28 December 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Job protests escalate in Tunisia". Al Jazeera. 28 December 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Randeree, Bilal (28 December 2010). "Tensions flare across Tunisia". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- 1 2 "Tunisia struggles to end protests". Al Jazeera. 29 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ↑ "video: today a young unemployed man trying to commit a suicide in El Hamma #sidibouzid". Nawaat. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
- ↑ Randeree, Bilal (4 January 2011). "Violent clashes continue in Tunisia – Africa". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- 1 2 Ryan, Yasmine (6 January 2011). "Tunisia's bitter cyberwar". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Thousands of Tunisia lawyers strike". Al Jazeera. 6 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Sandels, Alexandra (8 January 2011). "Rioting spreads across Tunisia; unrest also reported in Algeria". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia unrest spreads to capital – Africa". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisi. Aggredita la troupe del Tg3" (in Italian). TG3. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
- 1 2 "Tunisia imposes curfew in Tunis to quell protests". BBC News. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Protests organized by Hizb ut-Tahrir calling for the re-establishment of the Islamic caliphate". YouTube. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ "Call for re-establishing Caliphate in streets of Tunisia and freeing political prisoners". Alokab.com. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ Laurent, Olivier (16 January 2011) "UNESCO, French government call for investigation of Lucas Dolega's death [update 7]", British Journal of Photography Archived 19 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Walker, David (18 January 2011) "Photographer dies of injuries in Tunis", Photo District News
- ↑ Bruggmann, Matthias et al. (18 January 2011) "Lucas Mebrouk Dolega", Visa pour l'image.
- ↑ Puech, Michel (22 January 2011) "Lucas Dolega succumbs to a hand grenade", La Lettre de la photographie.
- ↑ "Tunisia president warns protesters". Al Jazeera. 28 December 2010. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ↑ "Tunisian president removes ministers after protests". Al Arabiya. 29 December 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ↑ "More heads roll in Tunisian social crisis". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 30 December 2010. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ↑ Randeree, Bilal (10 January 2011). "Tunisian leader promises new jobs – Africa". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Ryan, Yasmine (7 January 2011) Tunisia arrests bloggers and rapper – Africa. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
- ↑ "el général, the voice of Tunisia, english subtitles". Myvidster.com. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ Lewis, Aidan (14 January 2011). "Tunisia protests: Cyber war mirrors unrest on streets". BBC News. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia arrests bloggers and rapper". Al Jazeera. 7 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian Blogger Slim Amamou Arrested".
- ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/18/tunisia-dissident-blogger-minister Accessed 26/12/2016
- ↑ "Slim Amamou (slim404) on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Turmoil in Tunisia: As it happened on Monday". BBC News. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia arrests Pirate Party bloggers". Christianengstrom.wordpress.com. 23 December 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Pirate Party Members arrested". Torrentfreak.com. 8 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ https://rsf.org/en/news/tunis-based-netizens-slim-amamou-and-azyz-amamy-arrested accessed 26/12/2016
- ↑ Tunisia releases opposition Communist leader: party Expatica, 14 January 2011
- ↑ "Tunisia closes schools and universities following riots". BBC News. 10 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Ben Ali rules out 'presidency for life' as chaos spreads". France 24. 13 January 2011.
- ↑ Maktabi, Rima (15 January 2011). "Tunisian PM takes over as interim president as Ben Ali flees". CNN. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia President Hands Power to Prime Minister". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. 8 December 2009. Archived from the original on 17 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Walker, Peter (14 January 2011). "Tunisian president declares state of emergency and sacks government". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ↑ "Prime minister takes over as Ben Ali flees Tunisian turmoil". France 24. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ Laghmari, Jihen (13 January 2011). "Tunisia President Hands Power to Prime Minister". Bloomberg. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Ben Ali gets refuge in Saudi Arabia". Al Jazeera.
- ↑ Shahine, Alaa (31 January 2011). "Egypt's Military Tightens Control Over Regime". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ Ganley, Elaine. "NewsTimes.com – The Latest". Associated Press. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ Kirkpatrick, David D. (15 January 2011). "New Change of Power Raises Questions in Tunisia". The New York Times.
- ↑ "Unrest engulfs Tunisia after president flees". Apnews.myway.com. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
- ↑ "Tunisia's interim president backs a unity govt". Apnews.myway.com. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
- ↑ "Interpol Press Release". Interpol. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ "En Tunisie, le nouvel exécutif prépare les élections". Le Monde. Paris. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Trois chefs de l'opposition dans le gouvernement tunisien, actualité Reuters". Le Point. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- 1 2 "Army on streets amid Tunisia unrest". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Paris prêt à bloquer les comptes du clan Ben Ali en France". Le Monde. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
L'identité de ces hommes n'a pas été établie, mais un haut responsable militaire, s'exprimant sous couvert de l'anonymat, a affirmé que des éléments loyaux au président Ben Ali se déployaient à travers la Tunisie.
- ↑ Ganley, Elaine & Bouazza, Bouazza Ben (15 January 2011). "1,000 Inmates Freed Amid Tunisia Unrest". Time. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia gripped by uncertainty". Al Jazeera. 16 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunis gun battles erupt after Ben Ali aide arrested". BBC News. 16 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia army tries to restore calm". Al Jazeera. 16 January 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia PM to unveil new government – Africa". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
- ↑ York, Jillian C. "Tunisia's taste of internet freedom – Opinion". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ Luke Alnutt (2012)TANGLED WEB Tunisia: Can We Please Stop Talking About 'Twitter Revolutions'?. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- 1 2 "Tunisia, Twitter, Aristotle, Social Media and Final and Efficient Causes". technosociology. 21 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia Protests: The Facebook Revolution". The Daily Beast. 15 January 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ Madrigal, Alexis (24 January 2011). "The Inside Story of How Facebook Responded to Tunisian Hacks". The Atlantic. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ York, Jillian C. (14 January 2011). "Tunisia's taste of internet freedom". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Update on Tor usage in Tunisia". The Tor Blog. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian prime minister invites all political parties to form unity government". Archived from the original on 20 November 2011.
- ↑ Sadiki, Larbi (19 January 2011). "Could Tunisian opposition groups re-ignite the revolt?". BBC News.
- ↑ "Tunisia: Key players". BBC News. 27 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia: Violence As New Govt Announced". BSkyB. Archived from the original on 20 January 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
- 1 2 "Tunisia announces withdrawal of 3 ministers from unity gov't: TV". People's Daily. 18 January 2011. Archived from the original on 20 January 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ↑ Chrisafis, Angelique (18 January 2011) "Tunisia's caretaker government in peril as four ministers quit," The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2011
- ↑ David D. Kirkpatrick, "Protesters Say Ruling Party in Tunisia Must Dissolve," Herald Tribune (21 January 2011). [. Retrieved 22 January 2011]
- 1 2 "Tunisia: New government leaders quit ruling party". BBC News. 18 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia leader vows break with past". Al Jazeera. 19 January 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia cabinet to lift party bans". Al Jazeera. 20 January 2011. Archived from the original on 20 January 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ↑ "Regierungsbildung in Tunesien: Ben Alis Partei ohne Politbüro". die Tageszeitung (in German). Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "8 Tunisian leaders quit ruling party". United Press International. 20 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia mourns unrest victims". Al Jazeera. 21 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian Ministry of Interior denies permit for 5 parties including Hizb ut-Tahrir". Google news. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
- ↑ "Exiled opposition chief returns to Tunisia". The Times. Malta. 18 January 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
- ↑ "President and PM quit ruling party but hold on to posts". France 24. 18 January 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
- ↑ "Protests hit Tunisia amid mourning". Al Jazeera. 21 January 2011. Archived from the original on 21 January 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian PM Pledges To Quit Politics After Elections". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 22 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia riots: Police join protesters on the streets". Daily Mail. London. 24 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia cabinet to be reshuffled". Al Jazeera. 24 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Anti-govt protests intensify in Tunisia". CNN-IBN. 3 February 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia issues warrant for ousted leader, family members". CNN. 26 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia announces major cabinet reshuffle after protest". BBC News. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ Kirkpatrick, David D. (27 January 2011) Most Members of Old Cabinet in Tunisia Step Down. The New York Times
- ↑ Tunisian labor union backs reshuffle of interim government. People's Daily Online, 28 January 2011.
- 1 2 3 Noueihed, Lin (28 January 2011). "Tunisia protesters turn government HQ into campsite". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
- ↑ "Politics – Tunisia interior minister says predecessor arrested". The Daily Star. 2 February 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia replaces regional governors". Reuters. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ "Middle East rulers make concessions – Middle East". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ↑ Bouazza Ben Bouazza (5 February 2011). "Tunisian police fire on crowd, killing 2". Fox News Channel. Associated Press.
- ↑ "Tunisian foreign minister resigns". Al Jazeera. 13 February 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ↑ "Mouldi Kefi est le nouveau Ministre des Affaires Etrangères". Shemsfm.net. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia suspends activities of ex-ruling party". Reuters. 6 February 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian minister suspends ex-ruling party". Fox News Channel. Associated Press. 5 February 2011.
- ↑ "Ben Ali's RCD Party Banned By Interim Tunisian Government : NewsTime : World News". NewsTime. 7 February 2011. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia calls up reserve troops amid unrest". Apnews.myway.com. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ Bouderbala, Sofia. "Tunisian lawmakers approve emergency powers". Google. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian gov't reaches agreement with labor union on governor nomination – People's Daily Online". People's Daily. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia senate agrees to widen presidential powers". BBC News. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunesiens Parlament entmachtet sich". Der Standard. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- ↑ "France-Diplomatie". Diplomatie.gouv.fr. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia protests resume for second straight day amid uncertainty of future government". Haaretz. Israel. 18 January 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ↑ "Thousands call for setting up parliamentary system in Tunisia – People's Daily Online". People's Daily. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ↑ "PressTV – Tunisians want PM Ghannouchi gone". Press TV. 25 February 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian PM Mohammed Ghannouchi resigns over protests". BBC. 27 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian prime minister resigns amid renewed protests". CNN. 1 April 2011.
- ↑ "/ Middle East & North Africa – Two more Tunisian ministers resign". Financial Times. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ↑ "Zawya". Zawya. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
- ↑ "Tunisia Minister of Higher Education Ahmed Brahim Tells Reuters". Reuters. 1 March 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian ministers continue to quit". Al Jazeera. 1 March 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia to elect constituent assembly on 24 July, says president – FOCUS Information Agency". Focus-fen.net. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia's interim president announces election of constitutional council – People's Daily Online". People's Daily. 4 March 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia interim leaders dissolve secret police agency". BBC News. 7 March 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia dissolves Ben Ali party". Al Jazeera. 9 March 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia's former President Ben Ali faces 18 charges". BBC News. 14 April 2011.
- ↑ ""Post Revolution Tunisia Attempts Painful Transition to Democracy" PBS Newshour". 15 February 2012.
- ↑ "AFP: Tunisia asks Saudi Arabia to extradite Ben Ali". Google. 20 February 2011. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia's Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali 'seriously ill'". BBC News. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian PM says general amnesty to be proclaimed this week – People's Daily Online". People's Daily. 19 February 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ↑ "Italy declares migrant emergency – Europe". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia: Italy Asks Eu To Start Frontex Mission". Agi.it. Agenzia Giornalistica Italia. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ↑ "Italy 'to deploy police to Tunisia' to tackle migration". BBC News. 13 February 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- 1 2 "Italy struggles with Tunisia influx – Africa". Al Jazeera. 14 February 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisian migrants land in Italy". Al Jazeera. 2 March 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia: further decline in Tunis stock market for third consecutive day". Africanmanager.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ Namatalla, Ahmed (13 January 2011). "Tunisia Stocks Slump to Year-Low as Troops Deployed to Tunis Amid Curfew". Bloomberg.
- ↑ "Tunisia c.bank CDS at 18-mth high of 154 bps-CMA". Reuters. 13 January 2011.
- ↑ "Second Tunisian minister quits, bourse suspended". Reuters. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ↑ Eltahawy, Mona (15 January 2011). "Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 January 2011.Mona Eltahawy
- ↑ "Tunisia's 'Jasmine Revolution' jolts Arab world". Ahram Online. Agence France-Presse. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ Béziat, Bruno (16 January 2011). "Tunisie : " Une prise de la Bastille "". Sud Ouest. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
- ↑ ""Révolution du jasmin" : une expression qui ne fait pas l'unanimité". Le Monde. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
- ↑ Frangeul, Frédéric (17 January 2011). "D'où vient la "révolution du jasmin" ?" [From where does the "Jasmin Revolution" come from?] (in French). Europe 1. Retrieved 26 January 2011. (Google Translate version)
- ↑ York, Jillian (9 January 2011). "Activist crackdown: Tunisia vs Iran – Opinion". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- 1 2 Whitaker, Brian (28 December 2010). "How a man setting fire to himself sparked an uprising in Tunisia". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ↑ "The Last Days of Ben Ali?". Steven Cook's Blog. 6 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "Is Tunisia Next?". Elliott Abrams: Pressure Points. 7 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ↑ "La calamiteuse gestion de la crise tunisienne par la diplomatie française – calvero sur". Lepost.fr. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ Ulrich, Claire (16 January 2011). "France: Our Embarrassing Ex Friend, Monsieur Ben Ali". Global Voices. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution, and how mobile phones helped it happen". The Christian Science Monitor. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Today – Is this the 'Arab world's Gdansk?'". BBC News. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Khouri: Tunisia is Gdansk shipyard of '80 with Jazeera as megaphone to other Arab countries!". Mondoweiss.net. 16 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ Cohen, Roger (17 January 2011). "The Arab Gdansk". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
- ↑ Sadiki, Larbi. "The 'bin Laden' of marginalisation – Opinion". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ↑ Andoni, Lamis (16 January 2011). "To the tyrants of the Arab world..." Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ "Tunisia: How the US got it wrong".
- ↑ Fisk, Robert (17 January 2011). "The brutal truth about Tunisia". The Independent. London.
- ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/world-12206551 Accessed 26/12/2016
- ↑ Kravets, David. (22 August 2013) Threat Level. Wired. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
- ↑ Anderson, Nate; Technica, Ars (14 January 2011). "Tweeting Tyrants Out of Tunisia: Global Internet at Its Best". Threat Level / Wired.
- ↑ Tunisian bloggers win online media award, AP, 11 March 2011
- ↑ Westcott, Kathryn (18 January 2011). "Why do people set themselves on fire?". BBC News. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ↑ Hankir, Zahra (30 January 2011). "Dubai Shares Fall Most Since May on Egypt Unrest, Pacing Mideast Decline". Bloomberg. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
- ↑ Salafist group clashes with police in Tunisia – Africa. Al Jazeera. 20 May 2013.
- ↑ "The real reason Tunisia renewed its state of emergency". Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.
Further reading
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jasmine Revolution.
- Tunisia: Time of Change collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
- Tunisia Corruption Profile from the Business Anti-Corruption Portal
- Turmoil in Tunisia collected news and commentary at BBC News


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SAN DIMAS — The "Living Wild" Wildlife Art Show will be held Oct. 20 and 21 at the San Dimas Civic Center Plaza, 245 E. Bonita Ave.
Eighteen nationally known professional artists will exhibit their works on Saturday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and Sunday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Spectators are free.
Artist Rita Bechtold will give an art seminar at 1 p.m. Saturday while sculptor Richard Myer will offer lessons on working with clay at 1 p.m. Sunday.
Craftmens' works will be on sale. Art by local students will be displayed at City Hall.
A grand opening dinner is Oct. 19 at 6 p.m. at a cost of $25. Tickets must be purchased in advance.
Information: 909-599-5374 or www.sandimasarts.com.


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Parenting (Early Years) Magazine Subscription – Only $3.99 Per Year!
Today only (4/4/13), you can get a one-year subscription to Parenting (Early Years) Magazine for only $3.99! Just use the code COUPONING101 at checkout to get this discounted price.
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I'm not usually very big on purchasing magazine subscriptions, but every so often a fantastic deal like this one comes along that I feel is worth sharing with all of you!


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Sam's Club features only reliable and trustworthy brands so you can be sure that you are getting a quality product. You can choose from laser printer supplies, inkjet printer supplies, fax supplies, and CD writer supplies.
To make the selection process easier, you will find that each product has a comprehensive description on its features and specifications. To ensure you get the best price and maximum features, you should compare products and prices and then choose a product that meets your requirement and budget. With Sam's Club you can be assured that you get printer ink or printer toner that gives your work a professional look.


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Phenix City, GA - Navica
Using 'Custom Export' to setup the Export Format
Before you can export data, you must first setup the Export format. This is a one time action that you will need to do. The format must be setup exactly as shown in this section for the application to understand the format.
Once you've logged into the Navica system, select the Resources option from the Menu on the left of the screen, then select the "Custom Exports" option as you see above. Once you select the 'Custom Export', the 'Existing Custom Export' screen will be displayed. Select the New Export button, to create a new Custom Export.
Once you press the New Export button, the "Export Setting Step(1)" is displayed. Select "Residential" and then press the Next Step button. When you press this button, you will see the "Export Setting Step(2)" screen as shown below.
In Step(2), you will select fields from the "Available Fields" section and move them over to the "Current Selected Fields" section. To pick the fields, select a field from the left table (shown as "Residential Fields" and press the Double Arrow key. You will see the item move to the table on the right.
Do this for each of the options as shown in the graphic above.
Note: Be sure that you create the 'Current Selected Fields' table as shown below.
Apt/Suite #
Apx Age
Apx Sqft
Days on Market
Full Baths
List Date
List Price
MLS Number
Property Status
Sold Date
Sold Price
Type & Style
Once you have set up the "Selected Fields" section, press the Next Step button to go to the "Export Settings Step(3)".
Step(3) is used to finalize your export settings. Place the name "Focus1st" as the "Name" as shown above. Select "Yes" for the "Include Header Row" option and select "Tab" for the "Column Delimiter" option. Once you've provided the Name and selected the options above press the Complete button. You are now ready to do your MLS search and export your results.
In selecting data from NAVICA MLS, be sure to select the options below:
Make sure that all the status options are selected and select the starting 'Sold Date" (note the staring date of 01/01/2008 assumes the current year is 2010). This option will make sure that all the data that is needed to create the appropriate graphs, is collected.
You should also make your normal selection choice by selecting other options that you would normally select in doing a CMA. As mentioned earlier, looking at activity in specific subdivisions is a good starting point.
Once you've selected the search criteria, press the Search button to see the results as shown below. Now you are ready to download the results.
To download the results, select the drop down items from the option area. Then select the "Export All" option as shown above. Then press the Go button. When you select the Go button, the "Existing Custom Export" dialog shown below is displayed. Select the "Focus1st" option by clicking on the "Focus1st" work (it is a link).
Next you will see the download screen shown below. Click on the Text-Right Click to Save As and select the "Save Target As" option.
The file "Save As" dialog box will be shown to allow you to save the file.
Choose a file name and location.
Be sure to remember where you save your file. This is the exported file that will be used to create your graphs.
Once you have saved your exported file, you are ready to run the Focus 1st application.
When you run the application you will need to point to the exported data file, so make sure that you've placed the file in an easy to find place.
For instructions on how to run the Visual Pricing System, please see the tutorials located on www.focus1st.com.


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ROCKY is bringing the versatility and flexibility of its popular military boots to its Duty line with the introduction of Rocky Athletic Mobility, an innovative approach to footwear that offers various levels of protection for different work conditions.
"The inspiration for the Rocky Athletic Mobility footwear came from the versatility of our military boots," said Bonnie Bleile, marketing manager for ROCKY. "This collection gives the consumer different levels of protection while maintaining the top-notch durability and performance expected of ROCKY boots."
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Teen Pulse staff writer Rigel Baron asked students, "What did you do for Valentine's day?"
Personal narrative
By Melissa Wysocki
A baby's cry echoes from the streets of a small Chinese town;
I am discovered.
A man holds me, caresses my cold, gentle body.
To keep me as his own, his only wish.
She hides bruises of her father.
To escape him, is only a dream.
Constant rage never ending.
Two weeks pass,
and he loves me like a father.
A Chinese village does not allow this kind of love.
Words pass from one another.
She locks herself in her room,
to conceal herself from future pain.
The door broken down,
her father rages with anger.
Policemen at the door.
The love is taken away forever.
I remember babies crying,
for all the nannies help.
Five loud, lashing whips with a belt
leave red stripes on her side.
The red transforms to a purplish-blue,
leaving her with terrible throbbing.
Babies wait for homes,
waiting, waiting, and waiting.
I now have a new family,
who takes me home to a country they call "America."
To sequester this purple pattern
is like attempting to hide the sun.
Today marks the fourth edition, of "The Pondering Column." Here I will discuss reader questions regarding morals, philosophy and belief.
Today's question, asked anonymously is, "Is it ethical for parents to refrain from getting their children vaccinated due to personal belief?"
This question is very relevant given current events.
To provide some context, there have been a recent flurry of measles outbreaks across the country correlating to parents refusing their children's vaccinations.
The ethicality of this action is fairly straightforward: it is societally detrimental and unacceptable to refuse your child's vaccinations.
While it is legally permissible to refuse a vaccination, the morality clearly outweighs the immorality.
Not only does refusing to accept vaccination leave your child susceptible to risks, but everyone around him or her could be seriously injured, if not killed. This is especially true for other children, the elderly, or even adults with compromised immune systems.
The fact that more and more people are beginning to put their beliefs over the lives of others, reveals a disturbing societal trend that needs to be stopped.
Youth Activity Center Schedule
Monday: Pool tournament
Tuesday: Fuzzy head pencils
Wednesday: Movies and munchies
Thursday: Valentine's Day Bingo
Friday: Wii Friday (8 a.m.-6 p.m. in Los Alamos; closed in White Rock
The Los Alamos Youth Activity Center is located at 475 20th Street, 662-9412. The White Rock Activity Center is located at 139 Sherwood Blvd., 672-1565.
Memberships are free and open to all third and eighth
Applause, laughter and cheer concluded another year of talent at the 2015 'Topper Revue.
This year's emcees Ben Richelt, Charles Hermann, Leyla Ackhadov and Mateo Cardiel did the show justice by spinning a humorous tale about student anxiety over the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT).
During the show, these four students prepare to take the SAT but are interrupted when somebody's timer goes off in the middle of the test. As a result, their scores are cancelled. Reichelt, a teen with a hidden and most definitely dark past, Hermann, a computer genius and tech geek, Akhadov, a critical and intimidating young woman, and Cardiel, a boy mistaken for a dog, work together to obtain their cancelled scores.
Meanwhile, students perform a flurry of impressive and entertaining acts, perhaps one of the best repertoires Los Alamos High School has seen in years, providing a diverse show experience for audience members.
In just four acts, the audience experiences a wide variety of dance. "Psychedelics" by Helen Lu, Alice Shao, Anne Scripsick, Sopahn Kellogg, Marybeth Farish, Brad Morely, Rachel Wallstrom and Andrei Popa-Simil, gives viewers a taste of the break dance style while the LAHS color guard shows off its talent by choreographing moves to the song "Funhouse" by Pink.
Teen Pulse staff writer Melissa, Wysocki asked students,"What is your favorite type of car?"
Monday: Birthday board
Tuesday: Air hockey (Los Alamos), Foosball tournament (White Rock)
Thursday: Twister challenge
Friday: Valentine's Day coloring contest
The Los Alamos Youth Activity Center is located at 475 20th Street, 662-9412. The White Rock Activity Center is located at 139 Sherwood Blvd., 672-1565.
Memberships are free and open to all third and eighth
Hailed as the deadliest sniper in U.S. military history, late Navy SEAL Chris Kyle's story is a dramatic, emotional, patriotic and rugged American tale.
It is portrayed vividly in the new film American Sniper, which chronicles Kyle's life from an aspiring young Texas cowboy to his heroic efforts during his four tours in Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Directed by Clint Eastwood, "American Sniper" does a superb job keeping the viewer on the edge of their seat while at the same time invoking many emotions.
An intense opening scene sets the bar for the realistic and sometimes dark war violence shown in the film. This scene is followed by a synopsis of Kyle's (Bradley Cooper) life as a youth who after seeing footage of the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings enlists in the Navy to become a SEAL.
After completing SEAL training, Kyle meets Taya Renae (Sienna Miller) at a bar and eventually marries her.
The remainder of "American Sniper" focuses on Kyle's four tours in Iraq and his relationship with Taya.
As Kyle leaves on each one of his deployments, Taya begins to believe that her husband loves the SEAL teams more than their family. This creates conflict throughout the movie that provides an insight into what life in a military family can be like.
On Jan. 24, members from the Students for Life of Los Alamos club at Los Alamos High School traveled to San Francisco to march in the 11th annual Walk for Life West Coast.
The Walk for Life is a protest against the 1973 Supreme Court decision on Roe vs. Wade, that legalized abortion in the United States.
Thousands of people took part in the walk, which began with a number of speakers, many of whom gave personal testimonies about their own negative experiences with abortion.
The next day, the club went to the annual Students for Life of America West coast Conference. There, speakers instructed clubs on how to educate about the right to life and support life from conception to natural death.
Students for Life of Los Alamos is currently planning events and working with Students for Life of America to strengthen and promote their club.
Copyright © 2019
The Los Alamos Monitor is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Los Alamos County and Los Alamos, NM, and the surrounding area.


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