text:
Free Software Foundation Certifies 3D Printer -- And Why That Matters
from the I'm-sorry,-Dave,-I'm-afraid-I-can't-do-that dept
Last week Mike wrote about a new patent from Intellectual Ventures that seeks to assert ownership of the idea of DRM for 3D printing. The article in Technology Review that Techdirt linked to explains how things would work:
"You load a file into your printer, then your printer checks to make sure it has the rights to make the object, to make it out of what material, how many times, and so on," says Michael Weinberg, a staff lawyer at the nonprofit Public Knowledge, who reviewed the patent at the request of Technology Review. "It's a very broad patent."
That's a pretty obvious approach, which any halfway competent engineer would come up with, so it's hard to see how it was ever granted a patent. But leaving aside this familiar problem with the patent system, there's an important issue skated over in the above explanation. It assumes that the printer has the power to disobey you -- that is, to refuse to print out an object that you want, because of the DRM in the file describing it, or because it doesn't have DRM at all. This parallels the situation for computers, where DRM is based on the assumption that your computer is not fully under your control, and has the ability to ignore your commands. That's one of the reasons why free software is so important: it is predicated on the idea that the user is always in control.
Against the background of the new 3D-printing patent, this announcement from the Free Software Foundation (FSF) that it has recently certified a 3D printer made by Aleph Objects as "respecting the user's freedom", takes on a particular significance:
The Free Software Foundation (FSF) today awarded its first Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification to the LulzBot AO-100 3D Printer sold by Aleph Objects, Inc. The RYF certification mark means that the product meets the FSF's standards in regard to users' freedom, control over the product, and privacy.
Here are the FSF's criteria for making the award:
The desire to own a computer or device and have full control over it, to know that you are not being spied on or tracked, to run any software you wish without asking permission, and to share with friends without worrying about Digital Restrictions Management (DRM) -- these are the desires of millions of people who care about the future of technology and our society. Unfortunately, hardware manufacturers have until now relied on close cooperation with proprietary software companies that demanded control over their users. As citizens and their customers, we need to promote our desires for a new class of hardware -- hardware that anyone can support because it respects your freedom.
That is, in making the award, the FSF has established that the LulzBot remains fully under the user's control.
Until now, that hasn't been an issue -- there's no practical way to stop someone from simply downloading a file and then printing it out on a compatible 3D printer. But the patent from Intellectual Ventures is the first step towards a time when users of 3D printers will be confronted with issues of control in exactly the same way that computer users are today.
Once 3D printing becomes more widespread, we can certainly expect pressure from manufacturers to bring in laws against unauthorized copying of physical objects and circumvention of 3D DRM schemes, just as the copyright industries have pushed for ever-harsher laws against file sharing. They may even try to get open hardware systems like the LulzBot made illegal on the grounds that the user is fully in control – just as media companies would doubtless love to make computers running free software illegal. That's a battle they lost, largely because free software existed long before digital media files were sold to consumers. We may not be so lucky next time.
Follow me @glynmoody on Twitter or identi.ca, and on Google+
Filed Under: 3d printing, free software, open source, user freedom


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Try the One Minute Birthday Party Planner and instantly reach Birthday Party providers who meet your criteria - they will reply with pricing, availability and any current deals
Grand Prairie Events, Coupons, Reviews!
Grand Prairie Events, Coupons, Reviews!
Try the One Minute Birthday Party Planner and instantly reach Birthday Party providers who meet your criteria - they will reply with pricing, availability and any current deals
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Mansfield /Arlington
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Color Me Mine of Highland Village
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Looking for a truly memorable, unique birthday experience? Join in the royal fun and be part of a thrilling live performance! Experience North America's most popular dinner attraction. See our electrifying show featuring heroic knights on magnificent horses displaying the astounding athletic feats and thrilling swordplay that have become hallmarks of this unique entertainment experience. Enjoy a "hands-on" feast as the dynamic performance unfolds before you. A sweeping musical score and brilliant lights provide a fabulous backdrop for this spellbinding experience that blurs the boundary between fairy tale and spectacle! For groups of 10 or more, our birthday package includes a birthday announcement during the show, group photo, slice of cake, frozen slushie in a souvenir cup, and cheering banner. Make it a birthday to remember! (less) ... Read more
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SpeedZone Dallas has high octane thrills you won't find anywhere else. We have Private Meeting/Banquet rooms and picnic pavilions that are the perfect venues for birthdays, parties, corporate parties, events and team building, and family gatherings. Our Full Service on-site catering and Caf and Sports Bar options provide a variety of food choices for all types of events. With Slick Trax, Turbo Trax, Arcade, Miniature Golf, Mini Bowling, Dragsters, a Looping Coaster, and so much more, SpeedZoneDallas is the fastest fun around!
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subset: commoncrawl


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I just read the sports page.
I'm a couple days behind.
The White Sox swept the Cubs, Lou got ejected, and the Cubs lose 4 in a row for the first time this season. They head to San Fransisco tonight for 4 games, and then back to St. Louis, who is now 2 1/2 games back.
This is not good at all.
Lou, I would appreciate it if you could pull the guys out of this tailspin so I can enjoy my vacation, please.
Thank you.
(sorry that this gif posted by itself earlier this morning)


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Hoopoe Upupa Epops
With a name like that you would just want to see this bird! It sounds good and it looks good….even a non-birder would be impressed!
We saw these birds in Egypt in 1994 and they were just great and Grant saw 5 in Busan, South Korea a few weeks ago, just after I got home to Broome. I was deeply jealous, but I had seen some good birds in Busan that he had missed whilst at work.
As I mentioned last week, we were going to be away counting shorebirds on Eighty Mile Beach for a few days and I thought I would get plenty for a post whilst we were there….I did, but I just can't write about it this week! We came home Wednesday evening late and just made it to the airport to collect my parents, who are here for a few days…..delayed by a week due to a certain airline grounding it's planes recently! Thursday was a day off from counting shorebirds and so we were catching up on family news and four of the other shorebird counters went to look at the ephemeral lakes. They stopped off at the roadhouse/petrol station/gas station at the corner of the Great Northern Highway 30 kilometres from town for ice-cream. One of the counters, Kim Onton, saw a bird she did not recognise and asked what it was. It was soon identified as a Hoopoe Upupa epops and we got a phone call….along with many others around Australia. This was a first for the continent!
Google Earth image of Hoopoe location
Well, it was lunchtime, but as all birders know sometimes a bird takes priority over food! My parents were rushed out the door and into the car to see this bird. They had also seen them in Egypt, as my Dad had been working there on our visit in 1994, but this was something special. They have had to do urgent trips to various spots around Broome over their years visiting us here to see a vagrant, so it's not unusual! They understand….I think!
We arrived at the roadhouse and the Hoopoe had crossed the highway and landed midway up a tree, but was clearly visible. A 53 metre long road train (large truck) came along and the bird stayed still….smart move! We waited and it crossed back over onto the lawn into the shade and we waited for it to settle. We then moved in to try and get some photos without disturbing it and it was enjoying the shade.
Hoopoe and Crested Pigeons
Initially it was close to some Crested Pigeons, so you know I am not making this up! They looked pretty cool with them all having crests! It then moved out to feed and we invited the employees at the roadhouse to come out and see what they had on their lawn. They have been warned that business may be up in coming days, as people book their flights to Broome!
Hoopoe near Broome
We have to go beyond the roadhouse to do further shorebird counts in Roebuck Bay, so we may get another chance to see it yet! This is not a bird we had on our lists as a possible vagrant, but it is welcome! One of the shorebird counters had a very big camera, but that was to his disadvantage as he was shaking so much with excitement! It's the time of year for migration and despite the lack of adverse weather recently it just shows that anything can get off track! Thank goodness it landed in a public place!
Wow! That is an exciting find. I've seen them in S Europe, but…Broome!
Crazy….yes! Some people were crazy enough to leave Perth by car Friday to drive about 2200kms to get to the roadhouse Saturday morning and see it without getting out of the car and then drive back 2200kms….OK, they did go and look at the Semipalmated Plover as they were so close!Others flew from Byron Bay, Perth, etc!
You've got to be kidding us, right?
More evidence!!
Looks like you need to come in November for mango and rarities when you have saved up to get to Australia! 🙂
Yeah, I do. Only, I'd be more thrilled by far about the Crested Pigeons than, say, a Hoopoe! Or I'd be so full and with a belly ache from all the mago that I couldn't go birding.
Wait …
That will never happen. I'd hire someone to roll me around the beaches then. 🙂
We could do a whole post on "crazy birders"!!!!
Anyone that hasn't seen it yet….it's still here!!Jump in the car…get on a plane! 🙂
insane, so common here in south africa i watch them from my window.african hoopoe.
It seems to be hanging around, though crosses the highway into the scrub for alternative food from what is on the lawn and so not guaranteed to just be on the lawn when people show up.
If you want to see it…it is still here and looking smarter as it has moulted into new feathers!!
Interesting encounter…. It is really a nice colorful bird. In India, it is often found.
© 2013 10,000 Birds. All words, images, and opinions are the property of their respective authors unless stated otherwise.


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Cantori New York to Present Lisa Bielawa's LAMENTATIONS FOR A CITY, 3/9-10
On Saturday, March 9 at 8pm, at DiMenna Center's Mary Flagler Cary Hall (450 West 37th Street) and on Sunday, March 10 at 3pm, at Park Avenue Christian Church (1010 Park Avenue) composer Lisa Bielawa's Lamentations for a City will be performed by choral group Cantori New York.Featuring violist Nadia Sirota, baritone David Kravitz, English horn player Setsuko Otake, alto flutist Karla Moe, and bass clarinetist Bohdan Hilash, the program also includes the New York premiere of Mohammed Fairouz's Anything Can Happen, Shawn Crouch's Sleepless, and the world premiere of Piotr Moss' Go Where Never Before.
On Lamentations for a City, Bielawa explains, "The poet of the Lamentations of Jeremiah was witness to the fall of Jerusalem in 587 BCE. His descriptions of the details of suffering are painfully vivid, and his passionate eulogy to the wounded city takes its literary place alongside Euripides's heartbreaking verses to the fallen Troy or W.G. Sebald's searching inquiries into the rubble of Dresden. When I wrote these Lamentations I was on retreat in Umbria, a valley of walled cities with ghosts at every gate. The now-serene and quaint countryside has a deep history of brutality... In September 2004, I turned to the hemorrhaging web media for crisis reports from cities all over the world. This language appears as background texture in Lamentations for a City to give testimony to the vitality of the human tradition of bringing cities to their knees through cruelty, treason, humiliation and destruction."
Lamentations for a City was written in 2004, and was performed in 2007 by the Cerddorian Vocal Ensemble on A Handful of World (Tzadik). Press copies are available upon request.
About Composer and Vocalist Lisa Bielawa: Composer-vocalist Lisa Bielawa is a 2009 Rome Prize winner in Musical Composition. She takes inspiration for her work from literary sources and close artistic collaborations. Gramophone reports, "Bielawa is gaining gale force as a composer, churning out impeccably groomed works that at once evoke the layered precision of Vermeer and the conscious recklessness of Jackson Pollock," and The New York Times describes her music as, "ruminative, pointillistic and harmonically slightly tart."
Born in San Francisco into a musical family, Lisa Bielawa played the violin and piano, sang, and wrote music from early childhood. She moved to New York two weeks after receiving her B.A. in Literature in 1990 from Yale University, and became an active participant in New York musical life. She began touring with the Philip Glass Ensemble in 1992, and in 1997 co-founded the MATA Festival, which celebrates the work of young composers.
Lisa Bielawa's music is frequently performed throughout the US, and in France, Italy, the UK and Rome. Recent highlights include the premieres of Rondolette by the string quartet Brooklyn Rider and pianist Bruce Levingston; Double Duet by the Washington Saxophone Quartet (with subsequent performance by the Prism Saxophone Quartet); Graffiti dell'amante performed by Bielawa with the Chicago Chamber Musicians in Chicago, and with Brooklyn Rider in New York, Harrisburg, and Rome; The Project of Collecting Clouds at Town Hall in Seattle by cellist Joshua Roman and chamber ensemble; the world premieres of Double Violin Concerto and In medias res by the Boston Modern Orchestra Project (BMOP), part of Bielawa's three-year Music Alive residency with that orchestra; the premiere of The Right Weather by the American Composers Orchestra and pianist Andrew Armstrong at Carnegie Hall; and the premiere of The Lay of the Love and Death at Lincoln Center's Alice Tully Hall. Bielawa's work, Chance Encounter, a piece comprising songs and arias constructed of speech overheard in transient public spaces, has been performed by soprano Susan Narucki and The Knights in Seward Park in Lower Manhattan and at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, in Vancouver, on the banks of the Tiber River in Italy, as part of the opening of the celebrated new MAXXI Museum in Rome, and in Venice.
Bielawa is currently at work on Airfield Broadcasts, a massive 60-minute work for more than 600 musicians which will be premiered on the tarmac of the former Tempelhof Airport in Berlin (May 2013) and at Crissy Field in San Francisco (October 2013). Bielawa will turn the former airfields into vast musical canvases, as professional, amateur and student musicians execute a spatialized symphony.
Other upcoming premieres include a Radio France commission for Ensemble Variances - the new 15-minute work will be performed in Paris, Rouen, Metz and Montreal as part of a program called Cri Selon Cri or "Cry by Cry" which explores the idea that the cry is a primary sound shared by animals and humans from all cultures of the world. In addition, Bielawa will compose a piece for the 50-member Finnish male choir Akademiska Sångföreningen on a text from Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. Both new works will feature Bielawa as the vocal soloist.
Bielawa's discography includes A Handful of World (Tzadik); The Trojan Women on a disc entitled First Takes (TROY); Hildegurls: Electric Ordo Virtutum, (Innova); The Trojan Women in a version for string quartet performed by the Miami on The NYFA Collection (Innova); In medias res (BMOP/sound), a double-disc set of Bielawa's solo and orchestral works; the world premiere recording of Chance Encounter (Orange Mountain Music), and Elegy-Portrait on pianist Bruce Levingston's 2011 album, Heart Shadow (Sono Luminus). For more information, please visit www.lisabielawa.net.
About Cantori New York: Cantori New York, praised by The New York Times for its "spirit of exploration" and "virtuosity and assurance," celebrates its 28th season of programming featuring new and neglected works that deserve to be performed and heard.
A three-time winner of the ASCAP Award for Adventurous Programming, Cantori has built a strong reputation for artistic excellence and innovative programming, including an evening of theatrical choral music with Tony Award winner Maryann Plunkett. Cantori's collaborators have included the Cassatt String Quartet, Prism Saxophone Quartet, and the Gregg Smith Singers; appearances have included the opening season of Zankel Hall with Michael Tilson Thomas, Great Performers at Lincoln Center, and World Financial Center Arts & Events.
Cantori's recordings include The Metamorphoses of Paul Crabtree, Echoes and Shadows (contemporary American choral works), and the first CD recording of Frank Martin's Le Vin Herbé, which was an Opera News Editors' Choice. For more information, visit www.cantorinewyork.com.
Saturday, March 9 at 8pm
DiMenna Center's Mary Flagler Cary Hall
450 West 37th Street | NYC
Sunday, March 10 at 3pm
Park Avenue Christian Church | 1010 Park Avenue | NYC
Tickets: $25 Adults; $20 Seniors; $5 Students at www.cantorinewyork.com or call 212.439.4758.
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Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Business Administration
Federal Taxation
Three semester hours. (FL)
This course provides an introduction to Federal taxation. The topics include basic personal taxation and simple corporate taxation with a survey of pass-through entities. Prerequisite: ACC 3320 with a grade of "C" or better or permission of instructor.
Home - General Information - Student Services -
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Cover Skinz needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 63 designs submitted by 19 freelance designers.
Scanco Digital
We are a small business that converts photos and negatives to digital images.
This is ALL we do. We don't do any other scanning / design etc. Just the photo conversions.
Our business name is Scanco Digital but we would be happy to just use "Scanco" as our branding name.
Clients can send a pack of photos to us via Australia Post, we turn them to digital images, burn them onto CD or USB and return the originals and the new digitial images to the client.
We will in the future be offering photo repair services but this will be offered with photo conversion only.
Anyone who has piles of photos and/or negatives sitting in the cupboard. Our idea is to encourage people to incorporate all those old photo's back into their lives, by having these converted to digitial at a reasonable cost, with a decent turn around time.
I would like something that has bright colours and is relatively easy to see the meaning behind.
Originally my idea was to somehow have a photo that is kind of disintergrating at one corner to signify the large photo to small digital file conversion, but I'm by no means stuck on this idea - and I can't really explain it either.
Any idea's are welcome.
Text MUST be smooth in style (not script like in anyway) and I would like something a little edgy - not too plain.
I'm open to any colours - but it must be bright colours.
Our website is going to be a white background and we will adapt the feature colors from our logo.
The main thing is I want the logo to reflect what we do but to be clean and not fussy.
I will try to comment as soon as things are posted to clarify what I like and don't like.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Pryor raises $1.5M over quarter for re-election
LITTLE ROCK, Ark. (AP) — Democratic U.S. Sen. Mark Pryor's campaign says he's raised $1.5 million over the past three months in his increasingly expensive and heated fight for a third term in a nationally watched race.
Pryor's campaign announced Friday that the Arkansas lawmaker's second quarter fundraising means he's raised nearly $9 million since launching his re-election bid last year. The campaign did not say how much he has spent over the past three months.
Pryor was first elected in 2002 and is being challenged by freshman Republican U.S. Rep. Tom Cotton. Cotton has not yet announced his fundraising for the second quarter.
The race is one of the most closely watched in the country, with outside groups on both sides spending millions on advertising in Arkansas.
Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article.


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1 of 17
With another World Cup upon us, LIFE.com journeyed into LIFE magazine's archives in search of a way to celebrate the happy pandemic of what might be characterized as fútbol delirium now affecting billions around the globe — and discovered some photographic gems from one of the greatest-ever World Cups: the 1966 tourney when England won it all, on English soil.
The pictures we found, made by the late Art Rickerby, never ran in LIFE magazine, but they provide a unique look at the planet's greatest sporting event during a fascinating period in its history. We also chatted with Alexi Lalas about the photos, and got some insights from a former pro footballer on the profound appeal of the "beautiful game."
Not all of Rickerby's photos from England in the summer of '66, however, were of official World Cup matches. In fact, some of his best, most revealing work captured moments far from the sold-out stadiums in London, Sheffield, Manchester or Birmingham.
"Look at that shot," Lalas says of English kids riveted by Brazil's goalkeeper, Gilmar, leaping to block a shot during practice in Liverpool (slide #2). "There's no way those kids ever forgot watching those players, that close. Their body language shows how thrilled they are. And no wonder! There's something about watching practice sessions that's totally different — and better, in a way — than watching a big game. I remember training at Oakland University in Michigan before the World Cup in '94. The fans who came out to watch us might remember that experience more fondly than watching the game we played in the Silverdome in Pontiac. There's a reason baseball fans go to batting practice and spring training — the chance of a real, authentic interaction with the players, away from the hoopla around a game."
Of the third photo in the gallery, of Pelé in Liverpool, Lalas notes that the picture "really got me thinking about the aesthetics of the sport, and it's a reminder of one attribute shared by most soccer players that helps explain why so many people adore the game. Namely — these guys are not huge. They're not giants. They look, in a way, like you and me, and that guy sitting across the aisle on the train, or wherever. In Pelé's case, you have probably the single most famous athlete on the planet at the time — but he's not a seven-foot-tall basketball player, or a 300-pound defensive end. Still, seeing him here, there's no question you're looking at an athlete. The way he carries himself, his undeniable presence. Despite his unimposing stature, you can just sense his physical power."
Liz Ronk, who edited this gallery, is the Photo Editor for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter @lizabethronk.


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Every year, over 35 million people choose to visit Canada to enjoy the many opportunities which Canada has to offer, including visiting family and friends.
Effective 31 July 2018, you may need to give your fingerprints and photos (biometrics) at a Visa Application Centre when you apply for a visitor visa, study or work permit, or permanent residence if you are a national of a country or territory in Europe, the Middle East or Africa, or if you are a national of a country that is already biometrics required. Visit Canada.gc.ca/biometrics for more information.
Please Click Here to verify if you are required to enrol biometrics.
If you wish to visit Canada, you must first find out if you need a visitor (temporary resident) visa.
If you wish to travel to Canada for purposes other than business or pleasure, you are required to apply for a visa in the right category, such as study or temporary work.
You may visit Canada as a tourist to enjoy the many opportunities the country has to offer, including visiting family and friends.
If you are parents and grandparents of citizens of Canada and permanent residents, you can apply for the Parent and Grandparent Super Visa to visit Canada for up to two years without the need to renew your status.
You may visit Canada on business to look for investment opportunities, or to advance existing business relationships.
You are required to apply before your status expires. Please visit extend your stay in Canada.
If you belong to a country or territory whose citizens require a visa to enter Canada you will need a transit visa if you plan to travel through Canada without stopping or visiting. There is no fee for a transit visa. For further details please see the IRCC Help Centre."
Please ensure you carry proper identification for yourself and any children travelling with you. Some people may not require a visa to enter Canada, but may need specific documentation to return to their home country. Visit the Canada Border Services Agency website for more information.
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Summing it up: Station Break 2 surveys local scene
Music is not the easiest thing in the world to describe. Often critics resort to comparisons to larger acts when they're talking about bands, but this is a useful tactic only if the reader knows what the bigger act sounds like.
But now, for the reasonable price of $13.99, you can suddenly get almost all the knowledge you need so that when you open up your Hook you'll know exactly what the musical group playing on any given night sounds like. The answer to your prayers has come-– Station Break 2 is here.
Station Break 2 (SB2) is the second installment of the SB series-– a compilation of some of the best music in town from those clever fellows and gals at WNRN. This time around, the music has been presented on two CDs– one called "Roots," the other, "Rock." In total, 43 tracks of local goodness await. Don't like roots? Do not pass go, do not collect $200, go directly to CD2. Don't like rock? Follow same procedure, but end up at disc 1.
"Roots" starts with the previously unreleased track "Whippoorwill" by Robin & Linda Williams. Softly picked acoustic guitar leads off the track, until Robin enters, singing a sweet folk melody. He is joined by Linda on the choruses, where their harmony is about as '60s as you can get, bar time-travel or older recordings.
From there, blues/world music practitioners Corey Harris & Harry Butler show off their dobro/honky-tonk piano skills on the rousing (although drumless) track "Shake What Your Mama Gave You."
Other highlights on "Roots" include "Ionesco's Chair" by singer/songwriter Jan Smith– her sweet voice plays on a clever melody to a mandolin and acoustic guitar-filled background. "Letting Us Be" displays singer/songwriter Paul Curreri's swifter-than-light guitar picking, and his catchy-without-being-syrupy melody frames some of his cleverest words.
"Rock" immediately switches things from passive to aggressive with a loud and twitchy track by indie-rock group All of Fifteen-– "This Town"—and, yes, this song is about Charlottesville (or at least some place with a similarly described "Downtown Mall.") Dave Matthews Band, of course, gets a slot on SB2, with their song "Grey Street (Rock Remix)." I liked this song fine, although the riff that drives the song is extremely similar to another one of their hits from the early '90s (the name of which escapes me).
The track by local hip-hop and more group Beetnix, "Selective Seduction," breaks up the hard rock nicely, with Hook music reviewer Damani Harrison's intelligent double tracked vocals providing the almost continuous drive, as the background samples drop in an out.
Don't know what Bella Morte actually sound like, never seen the Hackensaw Boys, or always wondered what's up with Devon Sproule's local fame? Station Break 2 will provide you with the answers.
WNRN Presents - Station Break 2 CD Release and Local Artist Showcase with Andy Waldeck, Nickeltown, Mando Mafia, Scuffletown, Faster Than Walking, Halfgrassd, Brady Earnhart, Heather Berry & the Berrypickers, Kathryn Caine, and Jan Smith at Starr Hill, July 18. $10, 8pm.


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upon the THUG and THUG 2 schematic, THAW is another
step in the right direction for the series.
by Vaughn Smith
20 , 2005 - The
Tony Hawk Pro Skater series debuted in 1999 and with
each subsequent year Neversoft has released a new
installment. In essence Tony Hawk's American Wasteland
(THAW) is really Tony Hawk 7, but Neversoft made the
decision a few years ago to evolve the franchise and
make it fresh, exciting and new. The Underground games
were a dramatic departure from the linear environments
and lack of any real personality found within THPS
1 - 4, featuring a storyline that attempted to capture
the skate culture. Neversoft has been busy further
retooling the series, tightening up the aspects that
worked and removing those that didn't, and the result
is a more cohesive and involving gameplay experience.
should preface this review with the statement that
I haven't been all that impressed with the Tony Hawk
series as of late with the exception of THUG. Back
in the early days of the series I looked forward to
the arrival of the new games. Then around THPS3 I
felt that perhaps the one year window of development
time just didn't seem to be enough and the series,
in my opinion, was running out of creative steam.
When the series moved to the next gen consoles (PS2,
Xbox, GC) I felt that it was still cemented in old
generation design and didn't take enough advantage
of the hardware advancements. THUG managed to teach
an old dog some awesome new tricks, while THUG 2 was
such a radical departure that I felt I was playing
BMX XXX II. Truth be told I wasn't even wanting to
review THAW, but everyone else was busy so I had no
choice. I'm sure you're not used to such honesty in
reviews but that's the big bold truth. I loaded the
game into my 360 and sighed "Here we go again...."
I lamented to no one in particular. Then to my surprise
I found myself enjoying the events involving my characters
arrival in L.A. and it just mushroomed from there.
I was like Dicken's Scrooge born anew, bursting open
the window shutters on Christmas morn:
You there! What game is this?
urchin: It's Tony Hawk's American Wasteland, sir.
Tony Hawk's American Wasteland for all!
I would only tell you to buy THAW for the Xbox 360
if you A) own an Xbox 360 (that should be obvious!)
B) haven't played it for the current gen systems.
If you have already played it on the Xbox, GameCube
or PS2 you won't find anything new besides some enhanced
lighting, textures and resolution. Other than those
factors, the Xbox 360 is identical to the current
gen versions.
THPS and THUG games have always provided a healthy
dose of challenge and considering the fan base the
series has attracted, I was surprised to discover
that the objectives in THAW were on the easy end of
the difficulty factor. Veterans need only apply at
the hardest difficulty level to wring any challenge
out of the game, while noobs to the series might even
find the Easy mode too easy at times. Of course, playing
online against other skaters always requires you to
perform at peak capacity and therefore provides a
healthy dose of challenge, but the offline career
mode could and should definitely be considered a cakewalk
on the lower difficulty settings.
THAW probably won't impress 'graphic whores' (love
that term) as the game sports the same polygon count
and models as found on the current gen systems. There
are some visual enhancements such as the lighting
and textures, but for the most part the high res gloss
shines a spotlight on the visual defects - especially
of some of less attractive character models - since
the game was developed for the current gen systems.
The LA environment which I thought was supposed to
be one wide open level happens to be several areas
cleverly disguised by connecting points. Vehicles
can be located which will transport you from one area
to another quickly (such as a bus and truck) and you
will have to endure a little animation while the game
loads the selected destination. In the usual Tony
Hawk fashion, virtual areas of LA are easily recognized
by the various landmarks tossed in to get your attention.
You'll skate various LA locations such as downtown
L.A., Beverly Hills, Hollywood, Santa Monica (where
Activision is located in the real world) and be able
to practice your skills at ingame legend skater Iggy
Van Zant's secluded Ranch and the Van's skate park.
story progresses via cutscenes and I have to admit
that I was pretty smitten with fictional character
Mindy and her American Wasteland comic book which
pays homage both in artistic style and name to New
York underground artist Harvey Pekar and his book
American Splendor (with a nod to R. Crumb of course).
Surprisingly there is a lot less of Mr. Hawk then
you'd expect in a game that has his name on the cover,
but when he does make an appearance it makes sense
in the context of the story.
of your character is handled by visiting various shops
to buy new threads or change your haircut. I always
find it funny that you can go into a barber shop cleanshaven
and bald in games like this and walk out with a set
of muttonchops and cornrows, but such as the limitless
imagination of video games. You won't have as much
control over facial features but pretty much everything
else is up for grabs. Customization even carries over
into gameplay as you are free to customize your own
"tags" and spray them around LA.
ingame music is a wrapped around an obvious product
placement of Sirius Satellite Radio which is hoping
to make some big inroads this holiday season against
competitor XM Satallite Radio. THAW features a ton
of great music, some of which I loved, some of which
I hated and some I was indifferent to. Considering
I'm an old fart, that's pretty good. Thank God skateboarders
appreciate the guitar....that's all I'm going to say.
If I have to listen anymore drum and bass bling bling
crap I'm going to freakin' lose it. Okay, now
that's all I'm going to say. The voice actors run
the gamut from good to bad to "Hey, that's Will
Ferrell". At least I'm pretty damn sure that
vagrant that calls your character "skaterat"
is Mr. Ferrell. If not, it's a very authentic soundalike.
The Chinese dude who eventually teaches your character
Special and Focus seems to go from Chinese to a bad
impression of Team America's Kim Jong Il to an Irishman
and back again. At any rate it's supposed to be a
caricature, I'm just not sure if it was supposed to
be a caricature of that many characters at once.
been an Xbox graphics sympathizer over the last few
years but yearning for the control of the far superior
PS2 Dual Shock 2, THAW is like butter on the Xbox
360 controller thanks mainly to the 4 shoulder buttons
on the new deck. Executing insane trick combos finally
feels 100% perfect as everything you need to do is
right at your fingertips. For those among us who haven't
spent a lot of time playing the latest in the series,
Neversoft accomodates novices by introducing new tricks
at a comfortable pace via various objectives handed
out by your skate posse or other colorful characters
hanging out in LA. As in previous games if you blow
a goal, you can easily do it again by pausing the
game and selecting Restart Goal. Longtime fans of
Matt Hoffman might need to wipe a tear from their
eyes as Neversoft gives us the ability to drop the
four small wheels for two large BMX ones. The control
of the bike feels very reminiscent of the Hoffman
games and that's a good thing as it was pretty tight
to begin with. If bikes and boards aren't your style,
you'll be able to run around on two legs to get where
you need to. THAW even allows you to toss your board
in frustration if you bail which, depending on fast
you mash the button, will present you with points
that you can then use to start off a new combo.
vets will definitely enjoy THAW's Classic mode which
features some already classic levels from days gone
by such as Minneapolis, The Mall, Santa Cruz etc.
As you might guess if you're familiar with the THPS
series, the infamous 2 minute time limit will be forever
taunting you to complete the various objectives. A
nice touch in Classic mode is having exactly the same
control and moves over your character as you do in
the American Wasteland portion of the game. You can
get off your board, climb ladders and execute tricks
that weren't available when these levels first appeared
in the original games.
has been refining the online portion of this game
for the last few years...at least on the PS2. Finally
Xbox and X360 owners are allowed in on the action.
Taking THAW online will definitely enhance the overall
play value. As with most online games you'll generally
have to look in the evening for people to play against
as it's a little sparse during the day. THAW features
a plethora of online and multiplayer modes, most of
which have are incredibly entertaining if played with/against
the right people. Multiplayer staples such as Capture
The Flag, King of the Hill and newcomer Pot o' Gold
are great time wasters. If you can't find more than
a handful of online/co-op modes that you absolutely
love to play, than you're extremely hard to please.
as time consuming but just as entertaining and brimming
with play value, THAW's Create modes are not only
intuitive to tinker with, but a great way to share
the love of virtual boarding with your comrades. There
really isn't anything new here but that's nothing
to complain about. Neversoft has also been refining
these modes for years now and it shows.
is sure to please almost everyone who said "WTF?"
when playing THUG 2. The story mode is fun, funny
and yet not absurd enough to wonder what drugs were
abused during development time. As mentioned this
installment will gently ease any players back into
the Tony Hawk series and while there is perhaps a
little too much handholding at times, vets can always
ramp up the difficulty as they see fit. While the
Xbox 360 is the best looking of the bunch, it doesn't
come close to showing off the power of the system
since it's a visually upgraded port from the current
gen systems. If you're playing THAW on the Xbox, GC
or the PS2 you aren't missing out by not having the
"hot system" of 2005. As I see it, Neversoft
has brought the series back from the brink of no return
in this sound and solid piece of game coding. I look
forward to the next one and that's something I haven't
said for quite awhile.
Vaughn Smith
Site Director
Tony Hawks American Wasteland also known as
T.H.U.G 3 and Tony Hawk Pro Skater 7 will be the next
chapter in the long running and no doubt the most
popular extreme sport series ever.
by Neversoft the same company that has given us the
previous 6 outings the game is set to make additional
changes to the tried and tested formula of the series
plus expand on the story themed style of gameplay
first introduced in Tony Hawk Underground.
Hawks American Wasteland which takes place during
the early 1980s will have you playing as a Midwestern
kid who after being fed up with the police, his father
and his unfaithful girlfriend decides to go to Los
Angeles where he hopes to become a famous skater.
Unfortunately when he arrives in L.A he is robbed
of all his belongings and left with only his skateboard.
A local pink haired punk girl, Mindy, takes pity on
you and this is where the story begins. The main object
of the story is to reclaim a precious piece of land,
squatted by an old& famous skater Iggy that has
been built on an abandoned skate park plus build the
same by collecting and stealing pieces of the park.
The park will be huge around 10 city blocks and there
will be 40 pieces that you will need to collect. You
will be able to enhance the park with the pieces that
you collect and also skate in it. On your quest for
these 40 parts you will encounter many pro skaters
like the legendary Tony Alva who will help you out
in your quest.
the previous installments American Wasteland will
feature a plethora of new tricks as well as modifications
of old ones. Modifications of old tricks will include
one footed grinds, Nata spins that can be modified
into one footed and can also be converted into sit
downs and handstands. The previous game introduced
flips and rolls. Now you will be able to do double
flips and rolls. There will also be a pogo board move
and a handstand movie. Besides that you can do charge
jumps, back flips while you are off your board and
you will also be able to run up walls and do wall
flips. This time around graffiti tags can be placed
anywhere in the environment and in different styles
that you will be able to learn during the game. Be
it the ground or a bus etc. You will also be able
to throw your skateboard at people and rail stalls
will let you hop onto rails and stop moving. The list
of new tricks is quite long which will include Bert
Slides and Bert Rolls. These moves are based on Hawaiian
surfer Larry Bertleman's innovative sliding techniques
from the 1970s. A tutorial will be available in the
beginning of the game that will allow you to learn
your tricks some which will be from previous games
and some brand new.
mentioned above the whole game will take place in
L.A. Areas of L.A. that have been confirmed so far
are East LA, Santa Monica, Hollywood, Downtown, and
Beverly Hills. Ofcourse there will be many more areas
in the finish game. The best thing about the game
is that there will be NO load times. Yes thats
correct for the 1st time in the history of the Tony
Hawk series this game will have absolutely no load
times whatsoever thus allowing you to skate from one
end of L.A. to another without any interruptions.
This also means that individual levels will now be
replaced by a large multi-area city. Though in the
beginning youll be restricted to only a few
spots of L.A. the whole city will become available
for skating as you progress in the story mode. Kinda
like GTA.
to GTA: San Andreas American Wasteland will also have
various shops around the city. There will be barbershops,
tattoo parlors, skate shops and clothing stores where
you can purchase items with which you will be able
to customize your skater. Remember all of this will
be inside the city so you wont have quit the
game and exit to the main menu every time you want
to change your clothes, hairstyle etc. But all of
this customization will cost you money.
always goals/missions will be given to you by pedestrians.
Missions will be like those found in the THUG series.
You will complete a few easy ones and then move onto
a big mission that will include several parts that
will have to be completed. In these missions parts
of the landscape will be destructible because you
will have to destroy the landscape in order to open
a new areas, collect skate park pieces and progress.
You will be able to skate in the new area immediately.
Needless to say these missions will be fun, complex
and interactive. Besides these story related missions
there will be dozens of sponsored challenges and NPCs
who will ask you to perform tricks as they call them
out. Also you can skate into cash signs floating around
L.A., which will allow you to earn cash, enter missions,
earn new equipment etc.
the first time ever the Tony Hawk series will feature
BMX bikes. BMX bikes can be found lying all around
L.A. Using a new set of physics and mechanics for
riding bikes controlling bikes will be very different
from skating. While riding you will use the right
analog stick to push your weight around while doing
rolls and flips in the air. Also there will be certain
goals in the game that can only be accomplished while
riding a bike.
rider Rick Thorne will train you and Matt Hoffman
will also make an appearance. Tricks that can be done
on bikes will include flips, grinds and multiple combos.
the Story mode Classic mode will return in this game.
Although it is not known which levels from the old
games will be put in this game it is known for a fact
that these levels will be fully updated with new graphics
and looks.
new offline co-op mode will enable players to play
the game in split screen and complete goals together.
the above modes online mode will be available on all
platforms except the Gamecube. This game on the PlayStation
2 will feature the face-mapping option found in the
THUG games. It will be Xbox Live compatible for both
the Xbox and Xbox 360. When online, players can play
classic THPS modes like Horse and Elimiskate, while
Combo Mambo enables you to skate for graffiti tags
or points. Another mode, Pot of Gold, (very much like
King of the Hill) will give you a pot of gold, which
you have to hold on to and keep comboing before someone
steals it from you. Upto 8 players will be able to
compete in these modes online.
this game is looking much better than its predecessors.
Besides a better-looking model of your skater the
running, walking and climbing animations are more
fluid and realistic. Pedestrians and by standers are
also better looking this time around plus the areas
also seem larger and better. Goals look much better
and life like too because they were set up with in-engine
cutscenes that were motion-captured. Despite the larger
area in this game it seems to run faster than THUG
2. The cutscenes in the game also look more interesting
because they include artwork from the famous skate
artist Jimbo Philips. This game also uses streaming
technology. Also the game will feature support for
widescreen and progressive display. It is expected
that the Xbox 360 version of Tony Hawk's American
will look better than its current-generation counterparts.
Also, on the 360 it will take advantage of some of
the new features of Xbox, including achievements that
displays some of the things you've accomplished and
leaderboards that will let you know where you stand
in the game.
previous games American Wasteland will feature a huge
licensed soundtrack, which is yet to be announced.
game is currently scheduled to be released on October
18th 2005 on the PS2, Xbox, GameCube, and DS. The
Xbox 360 version will be released later though no
date has been announced yet.
game should give players a skating experience unlike
any theyve ever experienced in the series. This
could be the Tony Hawk you've been waiting for.
Rating Legend
1.0 - 1.9 = Avoid
2.0 - 2.4 = Poor
2.5 - 2.9 = Average
3.0 - 3.4 = Fair
3.5 - 3.9 = Good
4.0 - 4.4 = Great
4.5 - 4.9 = Must Buy
5.0 = The Best


text:
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Naturalism is a worldview which holds that the cosmos and life came into existence and operate through natural processes alone. The explicit and sole focus on the natural world has driven modern science into accepting naturalism as the predominant philosophy of science. Naturalism does not appeal to the supernatural or nonphysical reality for explanations at any time and because of that many Christian philosophers like Alvin Plantinga, William Lane Craig and Peter van Inwagon have deemed naturalism as maintaining a stronger stance than atheism. According to Plantinga naturalism not only presupposes the non-existence of God but extends over all areas of life answering a range of deep existential questions like how life should be viewed, what the world is fundamentally made of and what the purpose of humanity actually is. From this metaphysical position philosophers have charged naturalism as being a worldview and thus granting the cognitive functions of a religion missing support for only the outward actions of worship and/or ritual.[1][2]
Metaphysical naturalism (also called ontological naturalism, philosophical naturalism and scientific materialism) is a worldview in which reality is composed of nothing but natural things, forces, and causes. All concepts related to consciousness or to the mind refer to entities which are reducible to the same such natural things, forces and causes. Within naturalism's metaphysics there is no objective existence of any supernatural being, force or cause, such as are described in various religions and mythological accounts. All supernatural things are ultimately explainable purely in terms of natural things. Metaphysical naturalism is a monistic and not a dualistic view of reality.
The explicit and sole focus on the natural world has driven modern science into accepting naturalism as the predominant philosophy of science. Many Christian philosophers like Alivn Plantinga and William Lane Craig have deemed naturalism as maintaining a stronger stance than atheism. According to Plantinga naturalism not only presupposes the non-existence of God but extends over all areas of life answering a range of deep existential questions like how life should be viewed, what the world is fundamentally made of and what the purpose of humanity actually is. From this metaphysical position philosophers have charged naturalism as being a worldview and thus granting the cognitive functions of a religion missing support for only the outward actions of worship and/or ritual.[3][4]
|Due to the typical attitude of the contemporary naturalist, which is similar to the attitude expressed by Searle in the previous quote, the vast majority of naturalist philosophers have come to hold (since the late 1960s) an unjustified belief in naturalism. Their justifications have been defeated by arguments developed by theistic philosophers, and now naturalist philosophers, for the most part, live in darkness about the justification for naturalism. They may have a true belief in naturalism, but they have no knowledge that naturalism is true since they do not have an undefeated justification for their belief. If naturalism is true, then their belief in naturalism is accidentally true.[5]
Naturalism is an ancient doctrine, and has existed in constant conflict with theism and supernaturalism, as exhibited by ancient manifestos of naturalism such as On the Nature of Things. It is now the dominant doctrine of modern science. The word naturalist today usually refers to one who holds this philosophy, although in the 19th century the term "naturalist" was used to refer to one who studied nature.
Founders of modern science, such as Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton, viewed natural events with a different philosophy than those who promote many standard models since Darwin. Most of the pioneers of science believed in a God who created a universe of order, a universe that now operates under natural laws or processes. They believed that God created the world without the restrictions of the laws that we, as imperfect humans, understand. In other words, God created supernaturally, but the resulting universe now operates predictably: naturally.
Naturalism refers to a belief about the totality of what exists. It is a belief that nature is all that exists and assumes that observable events in nature are explained only by natural causes, and that supernatural causes are not possible. The only way that anyone can know if indeed the cosmos is all there is as Sagan and many evolutionists assume when interpreting date, is if they know everything there is to know about the Cosmos. This of course is a position that is impossible for a human to be in and therefore is an assumption based upon incomplete knowledge. Any lack of knowledge allows for the possibility of something else besides the Cosmos. The scientific methodology of investigation to acquire knowledge cannot be the source of the position, so it resides in the realm of philosophy. If everything were known that could be known there would be no need for science. There could perhaps be one way to know everything is if full knowledge of the Cosmos existed for as long as the Cosmos, but of course human knowledge has not existed as long as the cosmos. Any lack of knowledge about the past allows for the possibility that it has not ever been. Not only must one know everything about the cosmos and its past, the person must also know everything about its future. Science deals with the repeatable present based on observation within the natural world, so is no help in knowing the future. There is no one apart from a necessary, transcendent timeless being like God who can possibly assert the truth in such a matter. Creationists believe in what God has said on the matter through a position of revealed theology. This is not blind faith, it is faith that comes from spiritual and religious experience as well as philosophical argumentation that support evidences of God and thus a reasonable faith.
|The Cosmos is all there is, has ever been or ever will be[6]
Conflicting Worldviews
- Main Article: Worldview
The Scripture does not use the terms "natural" or "supernatural", nor does it use these concepts in particular. The Bible uses the terms "heavenly", "spiritual", "earthy/earthly", "temporal", "seen" and "unseen", etc. The terms "natural" and "supernatural" are in fact secular definitions used to delineate between the physical, measurable existence (natural) and make-believe (supernatural). In other words, for the secularist, the term "supernatural" is where all make-believe has a home, whether God, demons, angels and eternal souls, but also zombies, vampires, pixies, faeries etc. Conversely, the "natural" world is the world where "God is not". The Scripture asserts (Hebrews 1:3) that the entire creation is upheld by the "word of his power". So there is no place in the creation where "God is not". This means that the "natural world" that the secularist believes in, doesn't exist. It's make-believe. And if this is true, then the supernatural world that the secularist designates as make-believe, is completely make-believe. In short, the claims of the secularists of a natural/supernatural world are contrived. There's no such thing as either one. There is only "the creation", made with living creatures and heavenly beings which cohabitate on the same space/matter/time fabric.
Naturalists reject miracles on philosophical grounds, since God and spiritual explanations are outside of the naturalistic framework. Some naturalists seek to define words like science in such a way rejecting creationism out-of-hand as non-science. In the context of the creative events of Genesis, the supernatural can be defined as laws and principles (of the operations of matter) that are natural to God, but not to humans. For example, God uses laws and principles known to Him to affect miracles like the parting of the Red Sea, but also used natural forces (a great wind) to assist in its execution. God claims that his laws are immutable, so does not suspend nor set-aside his laws to affect a miracle. Just as we use the laws of aerodynamics to overcome the effects of the laws of gravity (to enable flight), so God has laws unknown to humans that enable him to operate the universe as he requires. For example, to someone isolated from modern technology, the operation of an airplane is supernatural and miraculous; to an airplane mechanic, the parts of the airplane operate according to natural laws that are known and understood. Naturalism rejects realities that cannot be measured or detected by the human senses. Consequently naturalism would reject angels, demons, and spirits such as God himself who is a Spirit and has not a body like ours. Paradoxically, many naturalists will accept elements of astrology.
Philosophical Components
Metaphysical naturalism represents a particular view about ultimate existence and hence belongs to the philosophical field of ontology. In practice the use of the term metaphysical naturalism reduces to the more specific ontological view of scientific naturalism because modern science demands naturalistic explanations. It forms the philosophical foundation of methodological naturalism which represents a particular view of how one may arrive at knowledge about reality and which hence belongs to the philosophical field of epistemology. Metaphysical naturalists ought to begin by examining their epistemology. Constructing an epistemology based on metaphysical naturalism in a reasonable and thoughtful way requires an examination of what is being investigated, seeking how to discover if it is a possibility, and spending the time necessary to reach conclusions. In practice, however, one's epistemology is but superficially examined and applied merely by intuition. More often, it is simply borrowed from parents, teachers, or peers and not critically examined or constructed by the individual. If one has not even thought about it, much less carefully examined and tested what one thinks one knows, it's unlikely that one's unexamined assumptions will just by pure chance be sound and trustworthy. Everything done, believed and desired ultimately depends upon one's knowledge being correct.[7]
Physicalism and pluralism
There are two general categories of metaphysical naturalism: physicalism and pluralism. Physicalism entails the claim that everything everyone has observed or claimed to observe is actually the product of fundamentally random arrangements or interactions of matter-energy, arrangements or interactions that follow natural laws of physics, in space-time, and therefore it is unreasonable to believe anything like a creator deity exists. Pluralism (which includes dualism) adds to this the existence of fundamentally random things besides matter-energy in space-time. Other forms of metaphysical naturalism agree with the science of scientific naturalism, but its metaphysical conclusions differ over abstract objects like "mind," "soul," "free will," or anything having to do with self-made men.
Methodological naturalism
Methodological naturalism is the label for the required assumption of philosophical naturalism when working with the scientific method. The terms philosophical naturalism and ontological naturalism all refer to or ultimately underpin methodological naturalism. Methodological naturalism entails the assumption that observable events in nature are explained only by natural causes, extrapolating up to include the entire universe. Empirical methods will only ascertain facts, yet reliance on extrapolation pushes this thinking into a philosophy.
|Since philosophy is at least implicitly at the core of every decision we make or position we take, it is obvious that correct philosophy is a necessity for scientific inquiry to take place.[8]
There are basic philosophical assumptions implicit at the base of the scientific method - namely, that reality is objective and consistent, that humans have the capacity to perceive reality accurately, and that rational explanations exist for elements of the real world. Supernatural explanations is not explicitly denied, they would say but rather ruled out as a possibility, those types of explanations are considered outside of the methodological naturalism realm. In other words the distinction between the two is largely word games because strict philosophies always gird science so that they always share that in common. These assumptions are the basis of naturalism, the philosophy on which science is grounded.[8]
Common Beliefs
Besides the basic beliefs already described above, most if not all contemporary naturalists believe the following as the logical consequences of the core beliefs of naturalism. These form the basis for naturalistic interpretation of science.
Undesigned universe
The universe has either always existed or had a purely natural origin, being neither created nor designed. Either way, naturalists hold nature (rather than, say, God or Tao) to be the ground of all being. The popular Big Bang cosmology was developed within this assumption, proposing that the observable universe had a beginning, unfolding from a process of natural laws. But this does not resolve the question of whether all that exists began to exist at once or whether a being of some sort has always existed. Some naturalists propose a multiverse theory where it is thought that the observable universe is only part of a much larger whole. Citing the first law of thermodynamics, other naturalists propose that matter has always existed; matter, not the universe in its current state, exists eternally. [7]
Deep Time
The concept of time as associated with the existence of a universe or universes is known as Deep Time. Its measurement is conceived in billions of earth years. As an indispensable part of the Cosmos, deep time is an accepted fact, not an hypothesis. "By recognizing the vastness of Earth history compared to human history, we internalize what John McPhee has termed Deep Time"[9]
- Main Article: Abiogenesis
Since matter is all there is, and since there are no gods to interact with the universe, abiogenesis (life arising from inorganic matter according to natural law) is an unqualified certainty, not a hypothesis. There are several current hypotheses about how abiogenesis happened, but thus far a conclusive explanation of how abiogenesis works remains elusive.[7] The concepts of Panspermia and Exogenesis move the problem of the origin of life to elsewhere in the universe solving nothing.
- Main Article: Evolution
Since there were once only simple lifeforms and now there is a rich diversity of life on Earth (the existence of creative gods is precluded) evolution by natural selection or other means is a verity of the naturalist worldview. While scientific hypotheses of how the evolutionary process took place over deep time are widely discussed, belief in the fact of evolution is unshakable.
Mind as brain
- Main Article: Mind
Human beings have no independent soul or spirit, but only a material brain, which operates to produce a conscious mind. Since one's mind, and hence one's identity and existence as a person, is entirely the product of a physical process, three conclusions follow. First, all mental contents (such as ideas, theories, emotions, moral and personal values, or beauty and ugliness) exist solely as computational constructions of the brain, and not as things that exist independently of conscious thought. Second, damage to the brain (from disease, drugs, malnutrition, or injury) frequently entails damage to the self and therefore should be of great concern. Third, the death or destruction of one's brain cannot be survived, and therefore all humans are mortal. Given present technology, this means that death is inevitable and causes the complete extinguishment of an individual. Since this entails there is no afterlife, naturalists argue humans need to accept this and make the most of what they have. [7]
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- ↑ The Nature of Nature: Examining the Role of Naturalism in Science, "Evolution versus Naturalism" by Alvin C. Plantinga. Pg 137.
- ↑ The Religion of Evolution by Gary DeMar, September 30, 2002
- ↑ Bruce L. Gordon and William A. Dembski, The Nature of Nature: Examining the Role of Naturalism in Science (Intercollegiate Studies Institute 2011), pg. 137
- ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: religion-science
- ↑ The Metaphilosophy of Naturalism By Quentin Smith, Philo Volume 4, Number 2
- ↑ Carl Sagan, Cosmos, pg. 1
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Carrier, Richard, 2005, Sense and Goodness without God: A defense of Metaphysical Naturalism, AuthorHouse, p23-24
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 A., Kate, & Sergei, Vitaly, 2000, Evolution and Philosophy: Science and Philosophy, access date 21 September 2009
- ↑ Palmer, A. R. & E-an Zen, The Context of Humanity: Understanding Deep Time Access date: 21 September 2009
External links
- Varieties of Naturalism By John Shook
- "Moral Naturalism" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- "Naturalism" in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- "Naturalism" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- "Naturalism in Legal Philosophy" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- "Naturalism in the Philosophy of Mathematics" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- "Physicalism" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Naturalism All About Philosophy
- Naturalism Philosophical and Methodological by Genesis Science Mission
- Naturalism in science by Genesis Mission
See Also
- Origin of life
- Science is naturalistic Response to Talk.Origins
- Naturalistic science will miss a supernatural explanation Response to Talk.Origins


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Rubio risks insider label
The biggest risk for Marco Rubio in the immigration debate was supposed to be the scarlet "A" of immigration politics: the toxic talk-radio buzzword "amnesty."
Instead, with the conservative phenom of three years ago now neck deep in the muck of immigration reform talks, Rubio's advisers feel greater anxiety about a different label: Washington. As in, "Marco's gone Washington."
Story Continued Below
Nobody in the senator's circle feels that the label has stuck, at least so far. Nor are Rubio and his team surprised at the messiness of the legislative process. The Florida Republican came to Washington to do big things, they say, and as a former state House speaker he had no illusions about what that means in practice.
( QUIZ: Do you know Marco Rubio?)
But at a moment when the Republican Party's most ambitious leaders in Washington have largely eschewed the challenges of negotiation and compromise, Rubio made a starkly different choice — and the consequences are starting to show.
While his fellow 2016 prospects in the Senate — Rand Paul of Kentucky and Ted Cruz of Texas, for starters — are serving up crowd-pleasing speeches in Iowa and South Carolina, Rubio is spelling out his views on the Grassley, Cornyn and Leahy amendments and other proposed immigration tweaks that are utterly obscure to the larger public.
Rubio is modulating his position on immigration reform to demand tighter border security and enforcement triggers, and threatening to pull out over a gay-rights provision, all while pushing the larger message that passing a reform bill should be a top GOP priority.
( PHOTOS: Marco Rubio's career)
He's facing extraordinary scrutiny of every word he speaks or that issues forth from his office: Last week, Rubio had to clarify his role (or lack thereof) in shaping Texas Sen. John Cornyn's border-security proposals, and spent days taming the conservative blowback after he told a Univision interviewer that "legalization" would have to happen under comprehensive reform before border security measures kick in. In a subsequent interview with Sean Hannity, Rubio emphasized that "legalization" did not mean handing out green cards, and said he "should have been more artful" in talking to Univision.
And if conservative media has been more restrained in its approach to immigration than it was during the last round of reform negotiations, back in 2007, Rubio still has to contend with once-supportive figures like Laura Ingraham lobbing repeated accusations that he's getting outfoxed by New York Democrat Chuck Schumer. "It's time to stop dividing the Republican Party on this issue, with all your good intentions" Ingraham told Rubio recently on Fox News.
( Also on POLITICO: Rubio's angling prompts some Gang of Eight angst)
Add it all up and it's a much more complicated, more nuanced and just far more senatorial predicament than Rubio ever found himself in during his first few years as a national figure.
It's too soon — and the fate of immigration reform is too uncertain — to say whether the country's perceptions of Rubio have changed. Half a dozen Rubio advisers, speaking on condition of anonymity, said they're confident that a victory on immigration will ultimately vindicate all these messy efforts. A successful bipartisan bill that provides a pathway to citizenship while delivering on conservative priorities such as border security would be a monumental triumph in the nation's terminally broken capital.


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The Starfish Charm is available in solid 14k yellow, white and rose gold or sterling silver. Lovingly crafted in New York, this beautiful heirloom-quality charm will be cherished and handed down for generations.
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Made With Precious Metals
We use only the finest and most alluring precious metals to craft all of our pieces. Every piece is made out of solid gold or solid sterling silver. We do not use any plating on any of our charms.
We use 14k gold for all of our pieces. A small HF hallmark can be found on our charms indicating that it comes from us.
Gift Wrapping
All purchases come beautifully gift wrapped in our signature pink jewel boxes adorned with a golden bow. The attention to detail in our packaging, from the gold metallic debossing, to the satin white lining, makes each and every gift a luxurious experience.
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The U.S. trade deficit widened slightly more than expected in July as exports dipped, but a rebound in imports pointed to some firming in underlying demand early in the third quarter.
The Commerce Department said on Wednesday the trade gap increased 13.3 percent to $39.1 billion. June's shortfall on the trade balance was revised to $34.5 billion from the previously reported $34.2 billion.
Economists polled by Reuters had expected the trade deficit to rise to $38.7 billion in July.
When adjusted for inflation, the trade gap rose to $47.7 billion from $43.8 billion in June. This measure goes into the calculation of gross domestic product.
Trade's contribution to GDP growth in the second quarter was neutral, but economists expect it to add to growth this quarter and the rise in the so-called real trade deficit is probably not enough to change that view. The economy grew at a 2.5 percent annual rate in the April-June quarter, stepping up from the first-quarter's 1.1 percent pace.
The three-month moving average of the trade deficit, which irons out month-to-to month volatility, decreased to $39.1 billion in the three months to July from $39.3 billion in the prior period.
The increase in imports in July, which reflected rises in industrial supplies, automobiles and consumer goods, suggested some strengthening in domestic demand.
Imports of goods and services rose 1.6 percent to $228.6 billion. Imports of autos, parts and engines were the highest on record in July.
Exports of goods and services dipped 0.6 percent to $189.4 billion in July. However, exports of petroleum products hit a record high.
Weak overseas demand, especially in Europe, has caused an ebb in export growth after trade helped to lift the U.S. economy out of the 2007-09 recession.
In July, exports to the 27-nation European Union fell 7.4 percent resulting in a record trade deficit. Exports to the EU in the first seven months of the year were down 4.4 percent compared to the same period in 2012.
Exports to China fell 4.9 percent. China has been one of the fastest-growing markets for U.S. goods, but growth there has slowed in recent months and exports to that country were up just 4.0 percent for the first seven months of 2013.
Imports from China jumped 8.3 percent in July, lifting the contentious U.S. trade deficit with China to a record $30.1 billion.


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Downtown attire: Demo makes way for Waterhouse
It's a momentous week for architect Bill Atwood. Five years after he purchased the Water Street Downtown Tire complex of buildings, once home to familiar places like Club 216, Eloise, and Sidetracks Music, it's all coming down this week to make way for his long-planned Waterhouse project, a $20 million, six-story mixed-use complex of offices, retail space, and apartments on top of a parking garage that will span the gap between West Water and South Streets.
"The demolition will definitely change the site," says Atwood, "but it will become a clean palette on which to finally build the building."
Originally, Atwood had a vision for a massive pedestrian village, complete with two nine-story towers, an underground parking structure, and a park of sorts that he hoped would "reinvent the block" by rescuing the beauty of the Lewis & Clark building from its isolated perch with a compatible neighbor along the streetscape.
Fours years and a financial crisis later, Atwood is just happy to be getting something built.
Ironically, the same economic forces that have stalled development projects across the country
may have helped Waterhouse. When Atwood still had plans to build two Landmark hotel-style buildings on the site, Lehman Brothers went belly up, and Atwood lost his loan for the project, which may have prevented his having three 9-story concrete shells crowding the Downtown skyline.
One of the major selling points of the original Waterhouse design was a high-tech underground parking structure, which Atwood hoped would alleviate, or at least not aggravate, the Downtown parking situation. The current design, however, could end up bringing even more cars downtown. While parking will be located in the first floor of the building, local company Worldstrides with its 200-plus employees is strongly expected to occupy about 45,000 square feet of the building, forcing other tenants and visitors to find spaces on the street or in other parking garages.
"Fundamentally, the world has changed," says Atwood. "I don't even know how you could pay for that underground parking idea today."
Atwood says the clean-up will begin after the demo, and then it's off to the Board of Architectural Review again for more approvals.
"It's so difficult to get things done these days," says Atwood, citing his project, the Landmark, and The Gleason as three fascinating case studies on the state of downtown development: one failure, one apparent success, and one that has taken years to get off the ground. "This project has changed so much. In the long run, it will be interesting to see who wins."
16 comments
Darn Skippy. I am tired of the stupid detour on the street. Big business at it's best hmmm? How many small businesses are taking a beating because o that stupid thing?
But Dave Norris was oh so proud to put a shovel to the ground for the start of construction.
@very old timer, I believe in this situation (and would hope) that whoever is financing the project (some bank) bonds the contractor/developer to ensure completion. I actually would support Council/planning commission only giving approval "if the project were guaranteed to be complete," but then what are the consequences if this fails to happen? I also think many property-rights advocates around here would be very opposed to a government interfering with private construction and development!
Side note, out of curiosity - anyone out there who can answer this: why wasn't Landmark bonded to completion by its financier?
This building looks so ugly. Why do we keep letting ugly buildings happen? Why? If we keep letting buildings like this go up we are just going to look like any other NOVA city. I guess simply making things pays more them making them good. Take my city developers, please(?)
RE:"which Atwood hoped would elevate, or at least not aggravate"
I think you mean "alleviate" instead of "elevate".
I hope the city only gives approval if there is a gurantee of completion within a designated period.
I'm so glad we're not going to end up with massive pedestrians milling about.
Hey Everyone one, Just want everyone to know that Club 216 is still Strong and pumping at its new location at 609 East Market Street In The Old Michie Building!!!! Its such a fun place where anyone can come out and be their self, I love it there!!
One reason there was no completion bond for the Landmark Hotel project was most likely "everyone" drank the same "Kool-Aid" of Halsey Minor being so rich. He fooled lots of people as he spent money on horses, horrible houses and awful art that all had little value compared to cost. In a "bubble" economy ALL assets grow but in a down economy the lousy assets drop in value much deeper than "quality assets". In other words he was TOO BIG TO FAIL but he did. Now his attorneys have all his money. His company left it's headquarters in the middle of the night and cannot be found. He still boasts more than a WWF wrestler. Some quality Virginia Gentleman. He sure isn't loved in California where he still owes $13Million in taxes..what does he owe in property taxes in Virginia?
Good luck Mr. Atwood---you are a very creative thinker and a quality human being.
How is the Gleason a "success"? Check their sold/leased rate. Via means other than their self-reporting. Post results here.
ââ?¬Å?...but it will become a clean pallet on which to finally build the building."
Should be "palette."
It is UGLY!!
tax parking spaces, more free trolleys.
now that 80's fashion and music and back, it's only fitting that we bring back 80's architecture too. right on i say!
Nice clean lines. I like it. Good to have some contrast to red bricks.
Everybody says that, "good to have some contrast to red bricks" Why? Why is it good to? Sante Fe only allows adobe building and the town is beautiful from every angle, it is sound and complete and has a unified aesthetic. That said I don't mind contrast but what you call clean lines I see as cop out, cheap architecture that looks cheap. If you can create something beautiful that contrasts so be it but if not, it should be red bricks for all feeble minded developers.
yeah! you can be yourself so much that you can get in drunken fights in the middle of market st at 5:00 in tbe morning, smash your bottles everywhere and throw up all over the place. hooray for being yourself! this is, im sure, caused by the minority of club goers, but all the same im sure south st residents are glad to have this early morning nonsense out of their neighborhood.


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What is the Good News?
Is there a different meaning when Jesus mentions it and when Paul does?
I'll clarify my question. Jesus mentions the Good News (or "gospel" in some translations) in Mark 1:15:
And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel.
It seems that His gospel is that "the time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand." Does that relate to the time of His laying down His life for the sin of men, as the term "gospel" is understood after His death, or does the term have another meaning in Jesus' mouth?


text:
81 comments
not so much.
like the bike :)
LOVE the bike!
nice color of bag
How adorable! I love that you picked up the style of the sock garters, the exciting colors, her fixie, and fantastically daring mohawk (as a girl who used to have one, I can definitely say they're not easy to wear without undue nastiness from passersby). Although it's certainly not your "typical" photo, it just goes to show that style is a personal and readily identifiable thing, even in unusual instances.
Irish gir? uh uh uh!
The shade of red of the bike is really nice! The look a bit too négligé…
I have the same bike!
Another androgynous look… This is a wonderful photograph, captured her expression, love that her left foot is on the pedal, like the red color of her bike and the red cars to her left, of course her bag is great, and the yellow stripe on her pants. How the building fades out on the left and the street signs and purple building on her right frame her nicely, as well as the white paint on the street.
I really don't like.
nice cars.
she'd look cuter in a helmet.
The sock garters are such a great touch.
The socks!!!…
What is she using in her socks?!
first reaction: mixed.
thoughtful reaction: love the backpack and color choice here!
She's dressing in the way that flatters who she is. I like the stripes. Well done.
is it not very cold in nyc right now? it's already november!
i like the bookbag! very festive!
lekisskiss.blogspot.com –> two girls living in nyc and chicago blogging all things fashion!
and she is wearing leg warmers over her boots, held up by those ancient sock holders that men wore when? in the 50s?
super inventive, and I love the splash of color of the yellow stripe and the bag!
Gotta have the shorts.
The stays on her socks are so from another time. I think if she lived back then, her bicycle would be a horse and she would be a ranger or something.
what do i have to do to get on this blog? i live in bk heights… please come here <3
Oh wow. She looks like she leads a great life. Amazing socks.
A little "out there" but I dig it. It appears to me she's not trying to be someone she's not and is comfortable with who she is.
That's to me, is a large part of what great style's about.
Myah. A bit too scout leader for my taste.
As Gary Fisher would have said for everyone who is on a bike: '' she is on the right place!''
She's a hero. You can see that right away.
Beautiful portrait Sart. Thanks!
Other than the garters, I'm not sure what makes this special.
BTW, Kevina, that's no fixie. Maybe that's what's refreshing about it.
it's not the first picture i'd associate with a great sense of style. but she does look cool, in a way.
Very sure of herself and her own style–I love that. I couldn't pull off this look myself, but I *love* it on her!
I love the yellow stripe on backpack, yellow stripe on pants, and garters mimicking white stripe on BP. The look is very cool!
Scott, Thank you Thank you Thank you….it's photographs like this beauty that keep me filled with inspiration! I love it real, I love it from the street, and I love the real personal direction. Perfection!!!! God, I love sock suspenders…so chic. grin
Sock garter/socks/boots = Prada wellingtons. Band leader cut offs = tuxedo shorts.
It's not what is actual, but what can be referenced.
Nice portrait, also.
love it! love that she is truly doing her own style and not what is in fashion or trendy, love that it actually has a purpose and love that her outfit is inspired by her amazing bag. I'm sure people that don't like ando or masculine women will hate it but what are they so afraid of? she looks great and unique without being a hipster or fashion follower.
Her name is Chloe.
She is a seamstress among other things. She made that back pack…she bikes everywhere because she thinks the MTA is a rip off. She carves and makes her own violins and can be seen busking for change in time square.
this is awesome! i'm usually partial to your super high fashion and street wear shots, but this is a neat take on a theme and a great representation of style that's refreshingly unique.
ÜBEL…. what's that? why? no one want's to see something like this!
LOVE IT! Only in New York…
White Lightning Design Blog beautiful things, material things…
This handsome butch has a spectacular sense of style. I love how the line on her shorts is continued by the garters and up through her bag.
I really like this shot too–her hair, her garters and socks and her fearless expression are wonderful.
wow. as a woman who loves women, you rarly see this much fashion bravery from the bois. very, very titillating. mmmm.
also adorable and chic. sorry, had to clear my head there :)
Right on. Style is about knowing what you're doing with your clothes, and she knows what she's doing. I'd love to see what she wore the day after, or what she wears when she's not on her bike.
Where can I find sock garters like those?
Really, I have been looking for them for such
a long time! Seriously!
Excellent example of true street fashion!
this is real style, because it's about who she is and not what labels she buys. i agree with anonymous above — what are commenters scared of when an androgynous woman doesn't fit a fashion-world concept of androgyny?
I love a vintage schwinn! and I love the look, she's not just another anorexic hanger trying too hard. This is Grand!
absolutely killer. lumberjack meets jack kerouac meets amelia earhart.
and I must disagree with Rene Schaller's comment above…I think plenty of people want to see something like this. myself included.
great posture! she looks like she lives in a very interesting world.
Nice retro racer there
here's one for the ladies?
She has her own style and I love that. It looks effortless and a lot of the fashion I see here does not, it looks like they spent days figuring out what to wear. I love that about this look, she is true to herself.
Rene Schaller……speak for yourself!
Not my favorite but I like her spunk and it takes all kinds as the saying goes
My first reaction was, not my style. But on reflection, I see a sartorial lesson for us all: Be true to yourself.
FANTASTIC!! i love the backpack! this is truly original style
Love the outfit, it's appropriate with the bike.
A fantastic image! Her stance evokes utter confidence in who she is and channels a real sense of being visible and solid. certainly one for the girls! Love the facial expression! and those colours … oh my!
Just so good! Love the fact that the socks are legwarmers! Awesomeness overload . .
she's self-assured and sexy. love it.
Good job.
Fantastic photo of her stripy detail, her hair, and handsome, wicked grin. THANK YOU for a photo of someone who actually looks like a real passerby and not a high fashion giraffe caught smoking between shows…
Exactly what Anonymous (6:31 PM) said. An actual person I can imagine meeting.
The half smile is adorable.
She has an awesome sense of style and pulls of the androgynous/queer look perfectly. Reading the comments from those that know her make her sound a really interesting person too. Seamstress & violin maker? Brilliant!
Not too sure about the sock garters – I've always thought they're a little daft.
i love the bici in the city
Doesn't give any warm fuzzies or oooh moments, but interesting.
No, sorry. Just strikes me as trying too hard, esp the exposed sock garters.
I have been looking EVERYWHERE for one this good.
Who Wants to End Up a Lop-sided Hunchback Old Lady?!
Sorry Bertie, looks like Jeeves forgot to lay out your trousers.
Great garters and striped socks. Love the short's side stripes, and the delightful whippersnapper attitude.
Great style may be surprising and subversive sometimes, but is always original. Good eye!
i know Im super late on this one, but I've been away.
I usually don't use the "c" word–you know, "cute"–but there is something just flat-out cute about this look (and her smile), and it plays off the tough & cool vibe wonderfully. :)
this is true style…i am inspired by the practicality and the form. she is sexy.
I love the yellow stripes! I wonder if they're something she's drawn to, aesthetically, and end up creeping into every thing she wears.
The sock garters are so awesome, and the way she's wearing the leg warmers (or cut off socks?) over the top of her boots is so weird and beautiful! Just doing what feels right is such a liberating way to get dressed!
I've been reading this blog from the most current posts backward, and this seems like the first photo of a younger person with some body fat. Please show more people with real bodies! Also, love this look.