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The obj.conf file contains directives for HTTP request processing. The obj.conf file is located in the instance_dir/config directory.
During Web Server installation an obj.conf file is created. If you configure multiple virtual servers using the Admin Console or CLI, separate obj.conf files may be created for each virtual server. These files are named virtual-server-name-obj.conf, where virtual-server-name is the name of the virtual server. The newly created virtual-server-name-obj.conf becomes functional. This can be verified from the server.xml, where the name of the functional obj.conf is updated.
When changes made through Admin Console or CLI does not impact the obj.conf, for example changing log-level, no new virtual server specific obj.conf files are created and the default obj.conf will be used for all the virtual servers of the configuration.
However, when changes made through Admin interface impacts the obj.conf, for example Java disabling, a new obj.conf file is created for each virtual server. The server.xml file is immediately updated to reflect the appropriate obj.conf file used for each virtual server. During Java disabling if there are two virtual servers, vs1 and vs2, two new virtual server specific obj.conf files are created, vs1-obj.conf and vs2-obj.conf. These new files are updated in the server.xml with the exact object-file used by these two virtual servers.
From this point onwards, the obj.conf file is neither updated, used, nor deleted. However, if the user wants to modify the obj.conf file for either of the two virtual servers, they should edit the respective file only and not the original obj.conf file.
When another new virtual server vs3 is added, a new vs3-obj.conf should be created, updated in the server.xml and become functional. However, this fails to happen and the existing obj.conf is shared by the vs3. This behavior is a known issue and is recorded as a bug CR 6754145.
When this document refers to obj.conf, it refers either to all obj.conf files or to the obj.conf file for the virtual server being discussed.
This chapter discusses the obj.conf directives; the use of Object, Client, If, ElseIf, and Else tags; the flow of control in obj.conf; and the syntax rules for editing obj.conf.
This chapter has the following sections:
When Web Server first starts up, it performs some initialization tasks and then waits for an HTTP request from a client (such as a browser). When the server receives a request, it first selects a virtual server. The obj.conf file of the selected virtual server determines how the server handles a request.
The obj.conf file contains a series of instructions known as directives that tell the server what to do at each stage in the request-handling process. These directives are grouped inside Object tags. Each directive invokes a function with one or more arguments.
Each directive applies to a specific stage in the request-handling process. For example, a directive that applies during the authorization stage in the request-handling process is an AuthTrans directive.
AuthTrans (authorization translation)
Verify the authorization information (such as name and password) sent in the request.
Translate the logical URI into a local file system path.
Check the local file system path for validity and check if the requestor has access privileges to the requested resource on the file system.
Determine the Multipurpose Internet Mail Encoding (MIME) type of the requested resource (for example, text/html, image/gif, and so on), and establish other resource-specific settings.
Select filters that will process incoming request data read by the Service step.
Output (prepare to send output)
Select filters that will process outgoing response data generated by the Service step.
Select the server to service the request.
Service (generate the response)
Generate and return the response to the client.
Add entries to log files.
Send an error message to the client and exit processing. This step is executed only if an error occurs in the previous steps.
The directives in obj.conf invoke functions known as Server Application Functions (SAFs). Each directive calls a function, indicating when to call it and specifying parameters for it.
The syntax of each directive is:
Directive fn="function" name1="value1"...nameN="valueN"
The value of the function (fn) parameter is the name of the SAF to execute. All directives must supply a value for the fn parameter; if there is no function, the instruction will do nothing. The remaining parameters are the arguments needed by the function, and they vary from function to function.
For example:
NameTrans fn="document-root" root="D:/Sun/webserver7/https-server/docs"
In this example, the directive is executed during the NameTrans stage of request processing, and invokes the document-root SAF to specify the document root directory for the server. The document-root SAF parameter root specifies the path to the document root directory.
Parameters can contain references to variables and expressions. The variables can be predefined variables, variables defined at request time using the set-variable SAF, or variables defined in server.xml. For more information on the set-variable SAF, see set-variable. For more information on defining variables in server.xml, see variable. For more information on expressions and variables, see Appendix A, Using Variables, Expressions, and String Interpolation.
The server is shipped with a set of built-in SAFs that you can use to create and modify directives in obj.conf. Chapter 7, Predefined SAFs and Filters in obj.conf discusses these SAFs in detail. You can also define new SAFs, as discussed in Chapter 2, Creating Custom Server Application Functions, in Sun Java System Web Server 7.0 Update 4 NSAPI Developer's Guide.
The magnus.conf file contains Init directive SAFs that initialize NASPI plug-ins. For more information, see Chapter 5, Predefined SAFs in magnus.conf.
Directives in the obj.conf file are grouped into Object tags. The default object contains instructions to the server on how to process requests by default. Each new object modifies the default object's behavior.
An Object tag may contain a name or ppath attribute. Either parameter can be a wildcard pattern. For example:
<Object name="cgi">
<Object ppath="/usr/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/private/*">
The server always starts handling a request by processing the directives in the default object. However, the server switches to processing directives in another object after the NameTrans stage of the default object if either of the following conditions is true:
The successful NameTrans directive specifies a name argument.
The physical path name that results from the NameTrans stage matches the ppath attribute of another object.
When the server is alerted to use an object other than the default object, it processes the directives in the other object before processing the directives in the default object. For some steps in the process, the server stops processing directives in that particular stage (such as the Service stage) as soon as one is successfully executed, whereas for other stages the server processes all directives in that stage, including the ones in the default object as well as those in the additional object. For more details, see Flow of Control in obj.conf.
If a NameTrans directive in the default object specifies a name argument, the server switches to processing the directives in the object of that name before processing the remaining directives in the default object.
For example, the following NameTrans directive in the default object assigns the name cgi to any request whose URL starts with http://server_name/cgi:
<Object name="default"> NameTrans fn="pfx2dir" from="/cgi" dir="D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/mycgi" name="cgi" ... </Object>
When the NameTrans directive is executed, the server starts processing directives in the object named cgi:
<Object name="cgi"> ... </Object>
When the server completes processing the NameTrans directives in the default object, the logical URL of the request has been converted to a physical path name. If this physical path name matches the ppath attribute of another object in obj.conf, the server switches to processing the directives in that object before processing the remaining ones in the default object.
For example, the following NameTrans directive translates the http://server_name/ part of the requested URL to D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/, the document root directory:
<Object name="default"> NameTrans fn="document-root" root="D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs" ... </Object>
In this example, the URL http://server_name/internalplan1.html is translated to D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/internalplan1.html.
However, if obj.conf contains the following additional object:
<Object ppath="*internal*"> </Object>
In this example, the partial path *internal* matches the path D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/internalplan1.html. The server starts processing the directives in this object before processing the remaining directives in the default object.
Additional tags are available to use within the Object tag. These tags give you greater flexibility when invoking directives within an object. This section contains the following sections:
The Client tag enables you to limit the execution of a set of directives to requests received from specific clients. Directives listed within the Client tag are executed only when information in the client request matches the parameter values specified.
The following table lists the Client tag parameters.Table 6–1 Client Tag Parameters
The User-Agent string sent by a browser to the Web Server.
A Boolean value set by a client requesting chunked encoding.
The HTTP response code.
The DNS name of the client.
The Boolean value indicating internally generated request.
The IP address of the client.
The Boolean value indicating whether the client has requested a keep-alive connection.
The key size used in an SSL transaction.
The match mode for the Client tag. The valid values are all, any, and none.
The HTTP method used by the browser.
The name of an object as specified in a previous NameTrans statement.
A random value for evaluating the enclosed directive. The value can be a percentage or a ratio (for example, 20% or 1/5).
The physical path to the requested resource.
The physical path of the requested resource.
The query string sent in the request.
The text version of the HTTP response code.
A Boolean value indicating that a request has been restarted.
The secret key size used in an SSL transaction.
Indicates an encrypted request.
The type of document requested (such as text/html or image/gif).
The URI section of the request from the browser.
The DNS name of the virtual server requested by the client (the value is provided in the Host header of the client request).
Prevents access to a specific site, based on the request by the client. For example,
Client variable-headers="Weferer:SKVFVWRKJVZCMHVIBGDA Service type="image/*" fn="deny-existence" </Client>
The Client tag parameter provides greater control when the If directive is executed. In the following example, use of the odds parameter gives the request a 25% chance of being redirected:
<Client odds="25%"> NameTrans fn="redirect" from="/Pogues" url-prefix="http://pogues.example.com" </Client>
One or more wildcard patterns can be used to specify the Client tag parameter values. Wildcards can also be used to exclude clients that match the parameter value specified in the Client tag. In the following example, the Client tag and the AddLog directive are combined to direct the Web Server to log access requests from all clients except those from the specified subnet:
<Client ip="*~192.85.250.*"> AddLog fn="flex-log" name="access" </Client>
You can also create a negative match by setting the match parameter of the Client tag to none. In the following example, access requests from the specified subnet are excluded as are all requests to the virtual server sun.com:
<Client match="none" ip="192.85.250.*" urlhost="www.sun.com"> AddLog fn="flex-log" name="access" </Client>
For more information about wildcard patterns, see Appendix B, Using Wildcard Patterns.
The If, ElseIf, and Else tags enable you to define the conditions under which to execute a set of directives. Like the Client tag, these tags can only appear inside an Object tag. In addition, these tags can evaluate an expression, then conditionally execute one or more contained directives. However, there are some key differences between the these tags and the Client tag, as summarized below:
If and ElseIf tags offer a richer expression syntax, including support for regular expressions. This expression syntax is different from the Client syntax. For more information on the If and ElseIf expression syntax, see Expressions.
If, ElseIf, and Else tags can contain other tags.
If and ElseIf expressions are evaluated once per request, not once per contained directive.
If, ElseIf, and Else tags cannot contain multiple types of directives.
Directives within the If and ElseIf tags can contain regular expression backreferences.
When used, an ElseIf or Else tag must immediately follow an If or ElseIf tag. ElseIf and Else tags are skipped if the preceding If or ElseIf expression evaluates to logical true.
The following example shows If, ElseIf, and Else tag syntax:
<If $path eq "/"> <If $browser =~ "MSIE"> NameTrans fn="rewrite" path="/msie.html" </If> <ElseIf $browser =~ "Mozilla"> NameTrans fn="rewrite" path="/mozilla.html" </ElseIf> <Else> NameTrans fn="rewrite" path="/unknown.html" </Else> </If>
This example presents a different page based on whether the browser is Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla, or another browser.
Before the server can process a request, it must direct the request to the correct virtual server. After the virtual server is determined, the server executes the obj.conf file of the specified virtual server. This section discusses how the server decides which directives to execute in obj.conf.
When the server receives a request, it executes the AuthTrans directives in the default object to check if the client is authorized to access the server. If there is more than one AuthTrans directive, the server executes them in sequence until one succeeds in authorizing the user, unless one of them results in an error. If an error occurs, the server skips all other directives except for the Error directive.
AuthTrans directives work in conjunction with the PathCheck directives. The AuthTrans directive checks if the user name and password associated with the request are acceptable, but it does not allow or deny access to the request; that is done by the PathCheck directive.
The authorization process is split into two steps to incorporate multiple authorization schemes easily and provide the flexibility to have resources that record authorization information.
When a client initially makes a request, the user name and password are unknown. The AuthTrans directive gets the user name and password from the headers associated with the request. The AuthTrans and PathCheck directives work together to reject the request if they cannot validate the user name and password. When a request is rejected, the server displays a dialog box. The client includes the user name and password in the headers and resubmits the request.
The server executes a NameTrans directive in the default object to map the logical URL of the requested resource to a physical path name on the server's file system. For example, the URL http://www.test.com/some/file.html could be translated to the full file system path:
The server looks at each NameTrans directive in the default object in turn, until it finds one that can be applied.
Because the server might not execute all NameTrans directives, the order in which the directives appear is important. For example:
NameTrans fn="document-root" root="D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs" NameTrans fn="pfx2dir" from="/cgi" dir="D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/mycgi" name="cgi"
In this example, the directive that calls pfx2dir will never be executed because the previous directive always establishes the physical path name for the resource. For the /cgi prefix to work, the directive that calls pfx2dir must be moved before the directive that calls document-root.
If no directive sets the physical path name, the server translates the logical URL to a file system path relative to the document root. The document root is specified by the document-root element in server.xml. For more information on the document-root element, see virtual-server.
As a result of executing a NameTrans directive, the server might start processing directives in another object. This happens if the NameTrans directive that was successfully executed specifies a name or generates a partial path that matches the name or ppath attribute of another object.
If the successful NameTrans directive assigns a name by specifying a name argument, the server starts processing directives in the named object (defined with the object tag) before processing directives in the default object for the rest of the request-handling process.
For example, the following NameTrans directive in the default object assigns the name cgi to any request whose URL starts with http://server_name/cgi/.
<Object name="default"> ... NameTrans fn="pfx2dir" from="/cgi" dir="D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/mycgi" name="cgi" ... </Object>
When the NameTrans directive is executed, the server starts processing directives in the object named cgi:
<Object name="cgi"> </Object>
When a NameTrans directive is successfully executed, there is a physical path name associated with the requested resource. If the resultant path name matches the ppath (partial path) attribute of another object, the server starts processing directives in the other object before processing directives in the default object for the rest of the request-handling process.
For example, assume obj.conf contains an object as follows:
<Object ppath ="*internal*"> </Object>
Consider that a successful NameTrans directive translates the requested URL to the path name D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/internalplan1.html. In this case, the partial path *internal* matches the path D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/internalplan1.html. Hence, the server will process the directives in this object before processing the remaining directives in the default object.
After converting the logical URL of the requested resource to a physical path name in the NameTrans step, the server executes PathCheck directives to verify that the client is allowed to access the requested resource.
If there is more than one PathCheck directive, the server executes all directives in the order in which they appear, unless one of the directives denies access. If access is denied, the server switches to executing directives in the Error section.
If the NameTrans directive assigned a name or generated a physical path name that matches the name or ppath attribute of another object, the server first applies the PathCheck directives in the matching object before applying the directives in the default object.
Assuming that the PathCheck directives approve access, the server next executes the ObjectType directives to determine the MIME type of the request. The MIME type has three attributes: type, encoding, and language. When the server sends the response to the client, the type, language, and encoding values are transmitted in the headers of the response. The type also frequently helps the server to determine which Service directive to execute to generate the response to the client.
If there is more than one ObjectType directive, the server applies all directives in the order in which they appear. However, once a directive sets an attribute of the MIME type, further attempts to set the same attribute are ignored. The reason why all ObjectType directives are applied is that one directive may set one attribute, for example type, while another directive sets a different attribute, such as language.
As with the PathCheck directives, if another object has been matched to the request as a result of the NameTrans step, the server executes the ObjectType directives in the matching object before executing the ObjectType directives in the default object.
By default, the server determines the MIME type by calling the type-by-extension function. This function instructs the server to look up the MIME type according to the requested resource's file extension in the MIME types table. This table is created during virtual server initialization by the MIME types file (which is usually called mime.types). For more information, see Chapter 8, MIME Types.
For example, the entry in the MIME types table for the extensions .html and .htm is usually:
type=text/html exts=htm,html
which indicates that all files with the extension .htm or .html are text files formatted as HTML, and the type is text/html.
If you make changes to the MIME types file, you must reconfigure the server for the changes to take effect.
If no ObjectType directive has set the type and the server does not find a matching file extension in the MIME types table, the type still has no value even after type-by-expression has been executed. Usually if the server does not recognize the file extension, it is a good idea to force the type to be text/plain, so that the content of the resource is treated as plain text. There are also other situations where you might want to set the type regardless of the file extension, such as forcing all resources in the designated CGI directory to have the MIME type magnus-internal/cgi.
The function that forces the type is force-type.
For example, the following directives first instruct the server to look in the MIME types table for the MIME type, then if the type attribute has not been set (that is, the file extension was not found in the MIME types table), set the type attribute to text/plain.
ObjectType fn="type-by-extension" ObjectType fn="force-type" type="text/plain"
If the server receives a request for a file abc.date, it looks in the MIME types table, does not find a mapping for the extension .date, and consequently does not set the type attribute. As the type attribute has not already been set, the second directive is successful in forcing the type attribute to text/plain.
The following example illustrates another use of force-type. In this example, the type is forced to magnus-internal/cgi before the server gets a chance to look in the MIME types table. In this case, all requests for resources in http://server_name/cgi/ are translated into requests for resources in the directory D:/sun/webServer7/https-server/docs/mycgi/. As a name is assigned to the request, the server processes the ObjectType directives in the object named cgi before processing the ones in the default object. This object has one ObjectType directive, which forces the type to be magnus-internal/cgi.
NameTrans fn="pfx2dir" from="/cgi" dir="D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/mycgi" name="cgi" <Object name="cgi"> ObjectType fn="force-type" type="magnus-internal/cgi" Service fn="send-cgi" </Object>
The server continues processing all ObjectType directives including those in the default object, but as the type attribute has already been set, no other directive can set it to another value.
The Input directive selects filters that will process incoming request data read by the Service step. Input directives are invoked when the server or plug-in first attempts to read entity body data from the client. You can add the NSAPI filters that process incoming data by invoking the insert-filter SAF in the Input stage of the request-handling process. NSAPI filters enable a function to intercept and potentially modify the content presented to or generated by another function. The Input directives are executed once per request.
The order of Input fn="insert-filter" and Output fn="insert-filter" directives in obj.conf is important if two or more filters are defined to occupy the same location in the filter stack. Filters that were inserted later will appear higher than filters that were inserted earlier.
The Output directive selects filters that will process outgoing response data generated by the Service step. The Output directive allows you to invoke the insert-filter SAF to install NSAPI filters that process outgoing data. NSAPI filters enable a function to intercept and potentially modify the content presented to or generated by another function. Output directives are executed when the server or a plug-in first attempts to write entity body data from the client. The Output directives are executed once per request.
The order of Input fn="insert-filter" and Output fn="insert-filter" directives in obj.conf is important if two or more filters are defined to occupy the same location in the filter stack. Filters that were inserted later will appear higher than filters that were inserted earlier.
If a Service directive requires that the HTTP request be sent to another server, the server executes Route directives to determine how the request should be routed. Routing a request can involve selecting the server that will ultimately service the request and selecting a proxy through which the request is sent.
The server executes a Service directive to generate the response to send to the client. The server looks at each Service directive to find the first one that matches the type, method, and query string. If a Service directive does not specify type, method, or query string, then the unspecified attribute matches anything.
If there is more than one Service directive, the server applies the first one that matches the conditions of the request and ignores all remaining Service directives.
For the PathCheck and ObjectType directives, if another object has been matched to the request as a result of the NameTrans step, the server considers the Service directives in the matching object before considering the ones in the default object. If the server successfully executes a Service directive in the matching object, it will not execute the Service directives in the default object, because it only executes one Service directive.
Consider an example where the server receives a request for the URL D:/server_name/jos.html. In this case, all directives executed by the server are in the default object.
The following NameTrans directive translates the requested URL to D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs/jos.html:
NameTrans fn="document-root" root="D:/sun/webserver7/https-server/docs"
Assume that the PathCheck directives succeed.
The following ObjectType directive tells the server to look up the resource's MIME type in the MIME types table:
ObjectType fn="type-by-extension"
The server finds the following entry in the MIME types table, which sets the type attribute to text/html:
type=text/html exts=htm,html
The server invokes the following Service directive. The value of the type parameter matches anything that does not begin with magnus-internal/.
Service method="(GET|HEAD|POST)" type="*~magnus-internal/*" fn="send-file""
For a list of all wildcard patterns, see Appendix B, Using Wildcard Patterns.
Here is an example that involves using another object:
The following NameTrans directive assigns the name personnel to the request.
NameTrans fn=assign-name name=personnel from=/personnel
As a result of the name assignment, the server switches to processing the directives in the object named personnel. This object is defined as:
<Object name="personnel"> Service fn="index-simple" </Object>
The personnel object has no PathCheck or ObjectType directives, so the server processes the PathCheck and ObjectType directives in the default object. Assume that all PathCheck and ObjectType directives succeed.
When processing Service directives, the server starts by considering the Service directive in the personnel object, which is:
Service fn="index-simple"
The server executes this Service directive, which calls the index-simple function.
As a Service directive has now been executed, the server does not process any other Service directives. However, if the matching object did not have a Service directive that was executed, the server would continue looking at Service directives in the default object.
There is usually a Service directive that does the default task (sends a file) if no other Service directive matches a request sent by a browser. This default directive should come last in the list of Service directives in the default object to ensure that it only gets called if no other Service directives have succeeded. The default Service directive is usually:
Service method="(GET|HEAD|POST)" type="*~magnus-internal/*" fn="send-file"
This directive matches requests whose method is GET, HEAD, or POST, which covers nearly all requests sent by browsers. The value of the type argument uses special pattern-matching characters.
The characters *~ mean anything that does not match the following characters, so the expression *~magnus-internal/ means anything that does not match magnus-internal/. An asterisk by itself matches anything, so the whole expression *~magnus-internal/* matches anything that does not begin with magnus-internal/.
So if the server has not already executed a Service directive when it reaches this directive, it executes the directive as long as the request method is GET, HEAD, or POST, and the value of the type attribute does not begin with magnus-internal/. The invoked function is send-file, which simply sends the contents of the requested file to the client.
After the server generates the response and sends it to the client, it executes AddLog directives to add entries to the log files. All AddLog directives are executed. The server can add entries to multiple log files.
If an error occurs during the request-handling process, for example, if a PathCheck or AuthTrans directive denies access to the requested resource or the requested resource does not exist, the SAF sets the HTTP response status code and returns the value REQ_ABORTED. When this happens, the server stops processing the request. Instead, it searches for an Error directive matching the HTTP response status code or its associated reason phrase and executes the directive's function. If the server does not find a matching Error directive, it returns the response status code to the client.
There are times when the function flow changes from the normal request-handling process. This happens during internal redirects, restarts, and URI translation functions.
Requests may be restarted. For example, a PathCheck directive might restart a request for http://server_name/ as a request for http://server_name/index.html.
The server can generate internal requests. For example, an SHTML file or Servlet might include a file. While processing the original request, the server makes an internal request to retrieve this file.
The server can execute AuthTrans and NameTrans directives to translate a URI to a physical path name without starting a new request. For example, the server might execute AuthTrans and NameTrans directives in order to set the PATH_INFO_TRANSLATED CGI environment variable.
Be very careful when editing this file. Simple mistakes can make the server fail to start or operate correctly.
The order of directives is important, because the server executes them in the order in which they appear in obj.conf. The outcome of some directives affects the execution of other directives.
For PathCheck directives, the order within the PathCheck section is not so important because the server executes all PathCheck directives. However, the order within the ObjectType section is very important, because if an ObjectType directive sets an attribute value, no other ObjectType directive can change that value. For example, if the default ObjectType directives are listed in the following order (which is the incorrect way), every request will have its type value set to text/plain, and the server will not have a chance to set the type according to the extension of the requested resource.
ObjectType fn="force-type" type="text/plain" ObjectType fn="type-by-extension"
Similarly, the order of directives in the Service section is very important. The server executes the first Service directive that matches the current request and does not execute the others.
The number and names of parameters depend on the function. The order of parameters on the line is not important.
Items in the obj.conf file are case-sensitive including function names, parameter names, parameter values, and path names.
The C language allows function names to be composed only of letters, digits, and underscores. You may use the hyphen (-) character in the configuration file in place of underscore (_) for your C code function names. This is only true for function names.
Quotation marks (") are only required around the value strings when there is a space in the string. Otherwise, they are optional. Each open quotation mark must be matched by a closed quotation mark.
Spaces are not allowed at the beginning of a line except when continuing the previous line.
Spaces are not allowed before or after the equal (=) sign that separates the name and value.
Spaces are not allowed at the end of a line or on a blank line.
A long line may be continued on the next line by beginning the next line with a space or tab.
Always use forward slashes (/) rather than backslashes (\) in path names on the Windows platform. A backslash escapes the next character.
Comments begin with a pound (#) sign. If you manually add comments to obj.conf, then use the Admin Console or CLI to make changes to your server, your comments are overwritten when obj.conf is updated.


text:
Sony is moving forward with its 3-D and motion-control gaming plans.
The game maker announced Tuesday that 20 3-D games would be released for its PlayStation 3 console by March 2011 while 40 games that utilize PlayStation Move, the console's new motion-control system, would be out in time for the holiday season. Unlike Microsoft's Xbox 360 or Nintendo's Wii, the PS3 has been updated with software to display 3-D games.
"What PlayStation did for Blu-ray, we're now ready to do for 3-D," said Sony Computer Entertainment CEO Kazuo Hirai during Sony's Electronic Entertainment Expo press conference. "It's that experience in content that will define 3-D."
Among the unveiled 3-D games, which would require a 3-D television and 3-D glasses to be experienced in full stereoscopic 3-D, were "Motor Storm: Apocalypse," ''Gran Turismo 5," ''Crysis 2," ''Tron Evolution," ''Shaun White Skateboarding," ''Mortal Kombat," ''Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Future Soldier," ''The Sly Collection" and "NBA 2K11."
The first-person shooter "Killzone 3" was shown for the first time to the E3 crowd at the Shrine Auditorium in 3-D. Other games that were debuted included first-person puzzler "Portal 2," a new edition of the car-combat franchise "Twisted Metal" and "Sorcery," an action-adventure title that transforms the lollipop-shaped Move controller into a magical wand.
Sony also revealed the Move controller will be available Sept. 19 in the U.S. for $49.99. The Move's navigation controller will be sold separately for $29.99. Sony will also sell bundles of the controller, camera and the new action sports title "Sports Champions" for $99.99. The controller, camera, console and "Sports Champions" would cost $399.99.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
First of all sorry that I don't speak French.
I just want to ask, is it possible to film FB for private individuals?
One of my friends who lives in Germany is able to afford it (he owns a business). He lives in Germany, but he is Russian.
So I just have a few questions:
1). is it possible? My friend doesn't work on TV, but he just wants to organise a filming;
2). How much does it cost to film one episode (for example full version, which is 1h50)?
3). is it possible to choose the format? For example 10 challenges, 7 adventures etc. Is it flexible? Or there are just few variants to choose from (52min version, 1h50min version etc)?
4). Who is perfoming a video installation? I mean compiling video, putting music and visual effects etc
5). Will he have sole rights for these episodes after filming? Will he able to sell these episodes to a TV channel?
6). Who should he contact in ALP? Is it special email for this?


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Statement on Auditing Standards Issued by the Auditing Standards Board AICPA American Institute of Certified Public Accountants April 1988 57 Auditing Accounting Estimates 1. This Statement provides guidance to auditors on obtaining and evaluating sufficient competent evidential matter to support significant accounting estimates in an audit of financial statements in accord-ance with generally accepted auditing standards. For purposes of this Statement, an accounting estimate is an approximation of a financial statement element, item, or account. Accounting estimates are often included in historical financial statements because— a. The measurement of some amounts or the valuation of some accounts is uncertain, pending the outcome of future events. b. Relevant data concerning events that have already occurred cannot be accumulated on a timely, cost- effective basis. 2. Accounting estimates in historical financial statements measure the effects of past business transactions or events, or the present status of an asset or liability. Examples of accounting estimates include net realizable values of inventory and accounts receivable, property and casualty insurance loss reserves, revenues from contracts accounted for by the percentage- of- completion method, and pension and warranty expenses. 1 3. Management is responsible for making the accounting estimates included in the financial statements. Estimates are based on subjective 1Additional examples of accounting estimates included in historical financial statements are presented in the Appendix. Copyright © 1988 by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Inc. 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N. Y. 10036- 8775 1234567890 AudS 898


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Tina Fey and husband Jeff Richmond welcomed their second child, daughter Penelope Athena, on Wednesday.
The couple also has a 5-year-old daughter named Alice, who judging by this photo alone will probably be the best big sister of all time.
Joy Behar married longtime boyfriend, Steve Janowitz, on Thursday in New York.
Behar and Janowitz have been a couple since the early 1980s (!!!) and she often referred to him as her "spousal equivalent."
"I'm getting my own talk show on HLN, so I don't have to get married anymore," she joked at the Friars Club back in June 2009, according to the New York Daily News.
"Actually, I got cold feet again, so I don't know what I'm going to do," she added, at the time. "It's off the table. What'll happen is, when I decide to do it, I'll do it, and then everybody will know I did it. I can't make up my mind."
When Behar does discuss her decision to finally walk down the aisle, she'll do so on what will be the fifteenth season premiere of "The View."
- "She's always been super confident. She hasn't really changed to me." —Jennifer Hudson's fiance on her 80+ lbs. weight loss. [US]
- Watching Kim Kardashian in dance class is a little like watching Liz Lemon in dance class. [US]
- "I'm just very grateful to Kate Middleton for making looking appropriate really fun again. So right now all my fashion choices are about Kate Middleton." —Anne Hathaway. [OMG]
- Andrew Garfield will be starring in Death Of A Salesman on Broadway. [JustJared]
- "Rob and I were talking about doing clothing lines, and he found out I was doing one and was like 'I should do one.' He wants to do one — he's always so hipster." —Kellan Lutz says Robert Pattinson wants a clothing line. [US]
- Nick Swardson and Danny McBride talk about 30 Minutes Or Less. [CBS]
- Lauren Conrad went to a shoe launch party OMGOMGOMGOMG. [CocoPerez]


text: Leave a Legacy: Is the Damage Done? September 27, 2013 09:49 PM Q: My husband is the middle child of three in a dairy family. All of us, the three siblings and their spouses, are active on the farm. The oldest and youngest couples are in a battle over their roles in the operation. The oldest feels like she and her family are being pushed out by the youngest daughter and her husband. The youngest is married to an ambitious man with farming experience and an agribusiness degree. He works hard and has big ideas. He seems to be taking over, but he doesn't show much interest in working with the rest of the family. Though not specifically stated, my father-in-law has his sights set on the youngest son-in-law becoming his legacy and assuming control of the operation. As the middle child, my husband plays 'Switzerland' and tries to avoid trouble by not taking sides. As a family, until now, we've all been very tight. My husband and I want the family to remain close and continue to farm together. Is the damage already done? Or can steps be taken to salvage the family relationship and put a legacy plan in place? A: The damage is not done. The operation is still functioning and the family is working together, in spite of the differences. All families are a bit dysfunctional and suffer bouts of sibling rivalry and differences of opinion. At this point, it might be too easy to say that a succession plan is the cure-all. However, proper planning will make major improvements in your family's personal and business life. As I see it, the dairy operation is not being actively managed as a business. Employee family members are being allowed to self-manage, and the lack of structure is creating a herd mentality for the participants. Without the proper business structure and left to their own devices, groups tend to establish their own pecking order. Energies are spent defending positions and guarding turf, rather than on growing the business. I suggest you start with a business plan. Establish goals for the operation and define the actions necessary to achieve those goals. Through the planning process, the active family members should establish a management structure for the operation. As a management team, you should work together to assign roles and responsibilities, which will lead to job descriptions and lines of authority. Though ambition and big ideas are important, a management structure will help effectively channel that energy. Once you have written job descriptions, your team can assemble an employee manual that describes each position's wages, benefits and bonuses. It is not a stretch to assume that some of the children in each of your families will want to follow in your respective footsteps, so now is also a good time to write a family employment policy. Business-like structures are necessary to grow the operation, and they help all of those involved to separate business decisions from family matters. Don't let the formality of these suggestions intimidate you. You can't eliminate emotion. It's part of who we are, and it's what makes us do the things we do. But unchecked emotion can destroy the operation. Using the proper structures, the family can establish communications strategies to share family matters related to the business without interrupting the business. With a business plan in hand, your in-laws should begin to develop a succession plan. Start by establishing common goals for the family operation based on improving the integrity of the operation, enhancing the financial security of active family members and preparing the next generation to lead. To access a checklist for writing a business plan, visit www.farmjournallegacyproject.com/business_plan As Farm Journal's succession planning expert, Kevin Spafford breaks down the complexity of the process to help farm families cultivate multigenerational success. Contact him at: E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Website: farmjournal.com/leave_a_legacy Facebook: www.facebook.com/FJLegacy Twitter: @FJLegacyProject Back to news


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The updated guidance specific to this version
• For this version, you must do a two-phase update, update the operating system first and then
software updates rest if your copier is in an older version v3801.
• Some copiers on the screen is wrong. Do not follow any onscreen
guides without considering the corresponding item in the document.
• You need to use a USB memory key is recognized by the copier. A list of test
device found in the bulletin Digital-94 and Digital-95. If you use a USB memory key
More than one of these devices, the best practice is to confirm the update operation on a
Photocopier at the store before performing an update in this regard.
• Print out a photo, and backup logs, forms, address books,
parts numbers and other data stored on the hard drive before doing the update. in some
case, you need to format the drive after the update. Logs are backed up using
procedures in the hands of the Administrator Chapter 4 Managing network equipment,
Maintain access from TOP ~ Backup data. The code is the best support
using FSMS.
Update OS procedure: You first this
1. Install Data ROM.bin in the root directory of an empty USB memory device
formatted as FAT (FAT23 does not). This file is found in the rom-bin directory of
download package.
2. Turn off the copier.
3. Remove any existing USB dongle from the USB port (s) and insert the USB memory
equipment containing files ROM.bin.
4. Power up copier hold [4] and [9] keys
5. Press 0 to select the operating system to update and uncheck 1 ~ 6. The operating system update. there will
not a description for the firmware package 1 and 3: This is normal.
6. Click [START] and let the update run to completion.
7. When the operation is finished, turn off the power and unplug the USB memory device.
Continue to the procedure on the next page
Update Procedures rest Firmware
1. Copy the update file to the USB memory device. The files go in the root directory.
The files can also go into a folder with name specific models appropriate if the copier
has an appropriate level or a later version. The directory pattern is:
model directory
e-STUDIO3511 / 4511: 35_4511 300 16/02/05
e-STUDIO350 / 450: 350_450 300 16/02/05
e-STUDIO200L / 230/280: 230_280 300 09/03/05
eg If you're updating equipment and e-STUDIO450 your USB is mapped to
drive F on your computer, you can put the files in F: \. If you are already a photocopier in
System version 300, you can put the files in F: \ or F: \ 350_450.
Do not put any files in directories other than the update files updates. USB
device must be formatted as FAT (FAT32).
2. If the copier model can print or scan enablers installed, uninstall them first. with
power off, insert the USB memory device into the USB port on the right side of
Photocopiers. Some models have 2 ports: either can be used. Electricity to hold copiers
4 and 9 keys.
3. Wait about 5 minutes for the following screen will be displayed (screens
changed slightly by model):
Download the Firmware Update Mode store
Choose Update restaurant
0. OS Update Version UIF xxxx
* 1. HDD UI0 Update Version xxxx
* 2. Update UI UI1 Version xxxx
* 3. System Firmware Update Version SYS xxxx
* 4. NIC NIC Firmware Update Version xxxx
* 5. Scanner Firmware Update Version SCN xxxx
* 6. Air Firmware Update Version xxxx MCN
Minimum SYS
* This means that the software is selected for updates. Note that by default, the operating system is de-selected
and all other software is selected. This is not the exact combination possibilities. specific
select the firmware that needs to be updated. In most cases, you will select all items. If you
update the computer and scans using EPROM jig, then you will deselect the
4. Click Start to begin the update process. As each individual from being updated,
photocopier screen will list that as complete ROM. This process is not complete until all
ROM has been updated and the screen says "Update completed".
Download the Firmware Update Mode store
HD Data Update ... Finished
Download Storage -> FROM Update Start. UI Data Update ... Finished
SysFirm Update ... Finished
Test Equipment - Complete
Status Updates - Complete
Test data - Completed
Update Complete (Note 1)
Be Serial Storage Key. Push Button 'START' !! (Note 2)
Note 1: The update is not done until this message is displayed
Note 2: The announcement says that the key to the next storage connection is not correct.
5. When the update has run to completion, each firmware package should be listed in
Screen photocopiers complete. The screen will display at the bottom: "Xin
Connect to warehouse KEY. Push 'Start' Button. "
This message is incorrect.
When "Please connect to the next important storage ..." message is displayed, updated
complete. Electrical down copier and remove the USB memory device.
6. Power on the copier mode 08 Code 947. 08. Making Turn off copiers.
7. Power on the copier. If you get the message "Wait, warm UP" and copiers do
not to get ready after waiting a long time, as codes 08-690. Confirm normal
activity. Print out a list of codes 900 through 950 print and compare with the goals
historical value to validate firmware ROM is in the appropriate version ..
(This is a common screen. It is different for different family models.)
HDD repeat procedures in e-Bridge Machinery
This procedure should be used in the following cases:
Machine locked up and no 08/690
Before indicating that the hard drive is replaced
Update firmware on the HDD or UI component data
1. Support mode PWR / Clear / 3 pick # 3 PWR down completion
2. Support mode PWR / Clear / 3 pick # 2 PWR down completion
3 PWR / 690 = 2 PWR 0/8 down when rebooting is displayed - replace the HDD if a restart is not
display after 5 minutes or an error message occurs
4. Recover the firmware through the jig recovery
PWR / 8/9 with jig reset
You just choose 0 AN1 (OS and HDD) for most of the recovery. be sure
NIC is de-selected (Downgrading a NIC card can cause permanent damage).
Machine shuts off when the "Update Completed" is displayed
If you are troubled about the updates of the main USB or Scan to work,
Data download and use EPROM EPROM jig to perform the update.
5 Turn ordinary machine and check the basic copy function, if the basic functions seem
implementation to step 6, if they do not fix the issue. (See bottom of page)
6. Update the firmware via USB
Follow the instructions that are described earlier in this document.
7. Check all the functions of the machine, if the machine fails, try "Additional steps".
Additional steps -
(Only be done if you are still having issues)
Some additional steps may be required if there are problems:
If a specific target failed
If no specific targets (eg, target 13) using DLM table and try to update the table failed
direct. Usually, it is either the SLG or machine table
1. PWR / Clear / 3 select # 1 PWR down completion
2. PWR / PWR 669 stocks down 0/8 complete
3. Follow the procedure on page 5-141 of Service Manual Ver 2 next
two above
Touch Panel
If the touch panel is not calibrated in any of the above steps, perform
PWR / 0/8 / code 692
Download E-Studio 2510C Firmware


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Change up your hair part for an easy new look
See Gallery
Bored of your hair? Me too. I get bored with my hair so quickly that I often take the plunge and dye it or cut it drastically without really thinking it through. While it's definitely fun to change up your hair in a more dramatic way, there are other ways to change it up without such a big commitment. One easy fix? Your hair part. Parting your hair differently is a great way to change up your hairstyle in no time. People will think you got it cut and they'll definitely notice something different. Switching up your part can really change your whole look, and it's so simple! Click through the gallery to see how to change up your hair part.


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The search found 1 result in 0.014 seconds.
This is the sixth NHDR produced since 1998. The theme of the 2007 edition is the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The report looks carefully at general status of HIV and AIDS in Mozambique, its different facets and causes, its historical evolution, how it is regarded by society and its potential impact on the public and private sectors. The report finds that HIV and AIDS are exacerbating the problems of poverty, malnutrition, low educational levels and gender disparities, thus threatening the attainment of the MDGs as well as slowing growth and development.


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Nothing says fall more than apple chips dashed with cinnamon baking in the oven!
The house smells amazing and you end up with a crisp, delicious treat that is perfect on this flavorful fall salad!
Add in creamy gorgonzola cheese and sweet sun-dried tomatoes for a salad everyone is sure to love!
Ingredients (serves 2 as entrée, 4 as side dish)
- 2 apples (thinly sliced)
- 1 tbsp sugar
- 1 tsp cinnamon
- 2 cups lettuce
- 1/2 red onion (sliced)
- 1/4 cup sun-dried tomatoes
- 1/4 cup gorgonzola cheese
- 2 tbsp sliced almonds
- 2 tbsp balsamic vinaigrette
Begin by thinly slicing the apples. A mandolin would be perfect for this, but unfortunately I don't have one.
I thought this would be the perfect time to let everyone know that my birthday is 33 days away… just saying 😉
They don't have to be perfect (and if you're using a knife to slice each one, there is pretty much no way they're going to be!) But attempt to get them as uniform as possible so that they will bake evenly!
Sprinkle with the sugar and cinnamon.
Bake at 200° for 2 hours, flipping half way through baking.
Remove from the oven and allow to cool and crisp completely.
While this is happening, begin preparing the salad.
Simply toss together the lettuce, onions, tomatoes, almonds and balsamic vinaigrette.
Place on separate plates or in a large bowl for serving and top with the cheese and apple crisps.
This salad has the perfect balance of sweet, creamy and crunchy!
The salad is made even more delicious when topped with my Grilled Lemon Rosemary Basil Chicken!
Once the apples are baked, you can place extra apple crisps in a Ziploc bag and throw this salad together any night of the week in 30 minutes with the chicken or less than 5 minutes without the chicken!


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Four conservative Republican senators kicked off a conversation Thursday on changes to Medicare, releasing a proposal that would end the federal fee-for-service insurance program in 2014 and enroll all recipients into the health insurance plan now offered to federal employees.
The proposal establishes a right flank for the coming debate over the benefits program, which is expected to begin in earnest on Tuesday when the House Budget Committee, led by Representative Paul D. Ryan of Wisconsin, unveils the Republicans' plan. This proposal is expected to embrace ideas that Mr. Ryan wrote with Senator Ron Wyden, Democrat of Oregon, which would give seniors and other recipients a menu of health insurance plans to choose from, including the existing fee-for-service program. Seniors would be given a fixed subsidy to buy an insurance plan.
But on Thursday, the four Republican senators — Rand Paul of Kentucky, Jim DeMint of South Carolina, Lindsey Graham of South Carolina and Mike Lee of Utah — said offering recipients a choice of options would do nothing to lower the long-term costs of Medicare, the biggest driver of the nation's debt. Under their plan, the menu would include all of the options available to members of Congress and federal workers, but fee-for-service would end.
The senators offered additional details of their plan, which provides a sliding scale for payments. The cost of seniors' health care would generally be subsidized to cover 75 percent of premiums, but seniors with annual incomes of $100,000 to $200,000 would have 30 percent of their costs covered. Seniors with annual incomes of $200,000 to $1 million would have 15 percent of their costs covered, and those with at least $1 million in annual income would get no subsidy.
Eligibility for the program would also slowly rise by three months a year for 20 years, going from age 65 to 70.
"This will be the new Medicare," said Mr. Paul, an ophthalmologist who is in his first term. "Medicare will be the federal employee health care plan."
The senators were well aware that Democratic lawmakers anticipate attacking any lawmaker who proposes such a sweeping change. But they said that Democrats who suggest that the current system could be saved were not being honest. They said their proposal would save the government more than $1 trillion over the next 10 years.
"The president and Harry Reid have been licking their chops for three years, waiting for Republicans to do something about the nation's problems, like Medicare. So this is the moment they've been waiting for," Mr. DeMint said, referring to the senate majority leader. "But I think if Americans can actually find out the truth about what we are doing, it will be a very big positive for Republicans in the fall."
But their plan was a significant break from earlier Republican proposals, which emphasized that retirees and those nearing retirement would not be affected. Asked what they would tell older Americans who expected access to the existing Medicare program, Mr. Graham responded: "Trust me. It's a good deal."
The senators were also asked why it was a good deal for seniors to have a subsidized choice of private health plans when Republicans were pushing for the repeal of Mr. Obama's health care law, which will offer a similar choice to all Americans. At first, they demurred. Then Mr. DeMint took the microphone to say that "beginning to privatize" an existing government program was very different from increasing government reach into the private health care market.


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Clifford Dinsmore fronting his latest band, Dusted Angel
Legendary BL'AST! frontman Clifford Dinsmore stopped shredding for a minute to talk to us. Expect more on life before BL'AST!, life after BL'AST!, and what he's currently up to with his new ripping outfit, Dusted Angel.
Surf And Destroy!!!
-Gordo DCXX
I grew up in Aptos, CA before moving to Pleasure Point, East Side Santa Cruz at age 17. Before punk I was into Zep, Sabbath, UFO, Ted Nugent, Thin Lizzy, etc., and then the Ramones came along and changed my life forever. My brother and I, David, surfed and skated every day, and I still surf tons to this day. Punk was the natural sound track for the aggresive surfing, skating and localism that was going down at the time.
I accidentally became a singer after writing words to the song "Holocaust" by MAD when they were jamming at my house every day. My favorite singers early on were Ozzy, Joey Ramone, Dez Cadena, Ian MacKaye, and HR (Bad Brains). Oh yeah, and Danzig.
Clifford shreds it with Dusted Angel
My first punk shows were Ramones, Humans, DK, Black Flag, DOA, etc. Once I started, I pretty much went to every show. My fave bands early on were Germs, Flag, DOA, Bad Brains, Minor Threat, Misfits, Damned, Joy Division, etc. I saw Flag every time they played the Bay area, same with Minor Threat. Two real stand out shows were The Misfits the first time they came out west, as well as the first SF Bad Brains show...Fuckin' mindblowing!!!
I met the MAD/BL'AST! dudes through my friend Kieth Meek, and shortly after they moved to Santa Cruz. I moved into their pad and surfed Epic Rivermouth every day after the storm of '81/'82. When we got kicked out of that house, I took a shit, and threw it in the heater vent.
Every thing back then was just one big chaotic blur...let's put it this way: memories I can't remember, mammarys I'll never forget!!!
Dinsmore rocks the mic stand and the Saint Vitus tee
Tuesday, February 2, 2010
Clifford Dinsmore of BL'AST! / Dusted Angel
By DOUBLE CROSS - February 02, 2010
8 comments:
- February 2, 2010 at 11:03 PM
- Russ said...
shit! this is going to be awesome!
- February 2, 2010 at 11:57 PM
I took a shit, and threw it in the heater vent.
- February 3, 2010 at 12:01 AM
wow, that last line was priceless. i am coming back for more.
- February 3, 2010 at 12:32 PM
that's clifford?!?!?!? wow. guy looks SCARY!!!!!!
- February 3, 2010 at 1:52 PM
- Tim said...
Cliff rules and is one of the most dedicated, straight-up and truly friendly people in the Bay Area scene (punk, metal and otherwise). Thanks for featuring. I'd also recommend checking out his other past projects, Spaceboy and Gargantula.
- February 3, 2010 at 6:25 PM
i really dig that dusted angel 7"!
- February 3, 2010 at 7:54 PM
i'd like to hear from bill too. that guy is such a cool drummer. and yea, dusted angel = heavy.
- February 4, 2010 at 11:03 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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When you're a fan of an NFL team, all you can hope is that your team's leader is setting his sights on the ultimate prize: The Super Bowl. If he's not trying to win the whole thing, what's the point? A championship is all that matters. And clearly, Buzzsaw quarterback / Patch Adams buddy Matt Leinart has his eye on the prize.
How do we know? Well, he already has Super Bowl plans: He's hosting a party with John Travolta.
Vertical Sports will be staging two of the week's higher-profile fetes at Galleria Corporate Center in downtown Scottsdale. [John] Travolta and Cardinals quarterback Matt Leinart team up to host Saturday Night Spectacular, while [Carmen] Electra and other beauties will welcome guests at the fifth annual Leather & Laces party. Both are charity events.
Now, obviously, our Buzzsaw isn't going to make the Super Bowl this year. (But you never know!) But it might be nice to, you know, pretend. By the way, Robin Williams ... John Travolta ... Leinart sure is in hip with the young Hollywood elite, isn't he?
Matt Leinart's Party Buddy [Shakedown Sports]


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I've learned two foreign languages so far, and it's been satisfying and useful. But there was one unexpected difficulty: the dictionaries. A good bilingual dictionary can be expensive, and too big and heavy to carry around. And riffling through a dictionary takes too much time when you're midconversation.
Today the problems of bulk and page-riffling have largely been solved by bilingual smartphone dictionaries. They're easy to use and searchable, and they weigh nothing.
Dictionary apps from ULTRALINGUA have been my favorite for a while because of their no-fuss design. They're $20 iOS apps, and I've used the English-Portuguese and English-French versions. There are other languages available, including Spanish and Mandarin.
Each app's main page is dominated by a list of words in English or the other language. At the top is a search box and control bar that lets you toggle between French-to-English format and English-to-French, for example. Menu buttons at the bottom let you scan through words you've recently looked up, see your search history and view a list of words you've marked as favorites.
Searching for a word in English to find its foreign equivalent is fast and easy. The results are displayed on-screen with their foreign translation displayed in a smaller font underneath. Tapping on a result expands the view to show you a pronunciation guide. If you press and hold an entry, a pop-up menu will let you look it up in the dictionary; copy it, perhaps for use in an e-mail; or take you to verb tables.
The verb tables couldn't be easier to use: Select the right tense from a menu and pick the right conjugation for the subject "I" through "he, she, it." It's much easier than using a paper book.
The Ultralingua apps have rarely let me down, but I do have two quibbles. The navigation from word to word inside the app is clumsy; I'd prefer to tap a word as if it were a hyperlink on a Web page instead of holding it down and clicking "look up" from the menu. And I wish there were an audio pronunciation guide.
The bilingual dictionaries from Paragon Software are a good alternative to Ultralingua, and they're available on iOS and Android in a range of versions (from compact to full) for $12 to about $28. Their design is similar to Ultralingua's, but navigation is simpler, requiring fewer taps on the screen. Some versions have recordings of words being spoken aloud; this is definitely a boon.
LAROUSSE, $5 on iOS and $6 on Android, is a good English-to-French dictionary, and is also available in a few other languages. It is similar in design to the others but the multiple colors on-screen give it a slightly garish look. Some extras set it apart, including example sentences using foreign words, which help you learn how to use the words properly. And you can hear almost all of those example sentences spoken aloud.
Other bilingual dictionary apps could take some design cues from Larousse's, but that's not to say the Larousse apps are perfect. Some haven't been updated in a while; the English-German iOS edition has been unchanged since March 2011. They don't play particularly nicely with the display on newer iPhones.
Bilingual dictionary apps from ASCENDO are hugely popular, like the Spanish-English app on Android and iOS. Their popularity may stem from the fact that they're free and they work offline so you don't need a data connection — handy when you're actually abroad. They are fairly comprehensive and offer tens of thousands of translated words, some with example uses. These aren't the smartest of dictionary apps, however, and finding your way through the pages can be tiresome.
Surprisingly, given how useful a bilingual dictionary can be to language learners, there aren't many truly great apps in this category. Many have free or "lite" editions, however, so you can try out several to see which suits you. Look for apps that include audio pronunciation guides and those that work when you have no data connection.
Boa sorte!
Quick Call
IFTTT, or "If This Then That," is a free iOS app that can link online services so they're activated by actions on your phone. For example, you can set the app to e-mail you when you add a new contact to the phone book, or automatically add Instagram pictures to DropBox. ... SPOTIFY has upgraded its Windows Phone 8 app to match its app for other smartphones. It has improved playback and searching powers and should run faster and more smoothly than before. If you've not tried Spotify, now is a good time; it offers a free 48-hour trial.


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Oldham County Parks & Recreation has launched a WoodSongs Coffeehouse program to establish a "roots music" scene in the county.
"Roots music" can best be described as an acoustic-oriented style that may include, but is not limited to: bluegrass, country, gospel/spiritual and singer/songwriter.
The WoodSongs Coffeehouse is a family-friendly venue with a close-knit, homey feel where new players and seasoned performers will be given the opportunity to teach and learn from each other through shared experiences.
Musicians of all skill levels are encouraged to come prepared to listen closely and play freely.
The next coffeehouse will take place 6:30 to 8:30 p.m. Sept. 15 at the John W. Black Community Center.
The following performers are scheduled to play:
6:30 p.m. – Tim Curtis, singer/songwriter;
6:45 p.m. – Thomas McShane, bluegrass/celtic;
7 p.m. – Lea Cockrell, country;
7:15 p.m. – Kentucky Blue, bluegrass;
7:30 p.m. – Richard Perales, bluesy attitudes;
7:45 p.m. – Diane Kincaid, folk/Americana;
8 p.m. – Mike Prather, artistic songs of life in Oldham County; and
8:15 p.m. – Bradford/Stephens, acoustic variety.
There is no admission charge and all musicians are invited to bring their instruments for free-form playing at the end of the scheduled performances ("beans & greens time").
Coffee and cookies will be available for purchase through Bluegrass Java and Q&A Sweet Treats.
For information, contact Oldham County Parks & Recreation at (502) 225-0655 or visit www.oldhamcounty.net and click on the WoodSongs logo.
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President Obama ignited a major political conflagration with his January 16 address to the nation regarding the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting that took 26 lives in Connecticut the month before. He proposed what he said are "common-sense steps" that would "prevent gun violence" and "protect our children and our communities from tragic mass shootings."
President Obama's program, entitled Now Is the Time, outlined a series of 23 executive actions he said he would take to "make our schools safer" and "enhance public safety." Predictably, the major focus of his program is aimed at enacting more legislation and implementing more regulation through executive orders that would further restrict the rights of American citizens to keep and bear arms.
And just as predictably, the militant anti-gun lobby was quick to complain that the president's plan didn't go far enough. Gun rights advocates, on the other hand, immediately (and appropriately) denounced the president's program as a blatant attack on the Second Amendment. It would, they pointed out, endanger one of the most important rights enjoyed by law-abiding Americans, while doing nothing to stem the death and mayhem wrought by violent criminals.
However, in their rush to challenge President Obama's infringement of the Second Amendment, many of his opponents have unwittingly fallen into the trap of supporting other aspects of his program, specifically those falling under the labels of "mental health" and "school safety." Some gun rights advocates also endorsed President Obama's appeal for more federal funding of local police. Most appalling in this regard was the response of the National Rifle Association, which decided to practice some one-upsmanship with the president by calling on the federal government to immediately fund a vast new program "to put armed police in every school." These proposals represent a huge assault on other parts of our Constitution, most particularly, the 10th Amendment, which emphatically restates our Republic's key founding principle that the federal government has only those powers specifically enumerated in the Constitution.
Gun rights advocates who think they can preserve the Second Amendment while sacrificing other parts of the Constitution are sadly mistaken; it must be defended in toto or it will be lost in toto.
Among President Obama's many proposals that are drawing the most fire from the pro-gun side of the aisle are banning so-called "military-style assault weapons," banning high-capacity ammunition magazines holding more than 10 rounds, and requiring "criminal background checks for all firearms sales," including between private individuals.
These direct attacks on the Second Amendment have been fully dissected and rebutted (in this magazine and elsewhere) many times, on the basis of constitutionality as well as practical effect. We won't reprise all of those arguments here except to remind the readers of one of the most obvious practical effects, which is nevertheless one of the most important that needs repeated restating: Our nation is already planted thick with laws (federal, state, and local) prohibiting violent criminal activities and restricting firearms ownership and use. These laws — like those being proposed by President Obama — infringe on the self-defense rights of the law-abiding, while doing little to impede criminals.
Dr. Ignatius Piazza, founder and director of Front Sight Firearms Training Institute in Pahrump, Nevada, is one of the many observers who point out the obvious facts concerning Adam Lanza, the shooter in the tragic Sandy Hook incident, that the anti-gun militants prefer to ignore. "History has proven time and time again that it is dangerous to believe laws to restrict law-abiding citizens from having semi-automatic weapons will reduce violent crime," notes Dr. Piazza. "Just the opposite occurs when you disarm the law abiding. Sandy Hook is another perfect example of the fallacy of gun control":
• Another psych drug failure steals guns, WHICH IS AGAINST THE LAW.
• Under the influence of the psych drugs, he shoots and kills his own mother, WHICH IS AGAINST THE LAW.
• He transports these guns loaded, WHICH IS AGAINST THE LAW.
• He brings guns onto school property, WHICH IS AGAINST THE LAW.
• He breaks into the school, WHICH IS AGAINST THE LAW.
• He discharges the weapons within city limits, WHICH IS AGAINST THE LAW.
• He murders 26 people WHICH IS AGAINST THE LAW.
• He commits suicide, WHICH IS AGAINST THE LAW.
Would another law — including any of those proposed by President Obama — have stopped Adam Lanza, or any of the other mass-murdering shooters? Obviously not. Would the "armed police in every school" advocated by the NRA do the job? Maybe. But at what cost, not only to taxpayers, but more importantly, to liberty? Part of the answer to mass shootings, such as Columbine and Sandy Hook, may be armed police guards or allowing teachers and other staff to carry concealed firearms, as many people are advocating. But those are matters that must be decided at the state and local levels, not at the federal level.
Apparently, even many of the folks who claim to oppose gun control are somewhat fuzzy minded when it comes to understanding that every advance of our rapidly expanding, freedom-stripping government amounts to ever more dangerous "people control."
Perhaps the most obviously misguided response to the Sandy Hook shooting from the "pro-gun" side came from the National Rifle Association, which we referred to earlier. At a December 21 press conference, Wayne LaPierre, the NRA's executive vice president and primary public spokesman, said:
I call on Congress today to act immediately, to appropriate whatever is necessary to put armed police officers in every school — and to do it now, to make sure that blanket of safety is in place when our children return to school in January.
If adopted, this NRA proposal would vastly expand the federal government's involvement in both education and law enforcement, in violation of the Constitution, and make state and local governments even more subservient to Washington, D.C., politicians for funding. Our Constitution nowhere authorizes Congress to appropriate funds for police or schools, and for very good reason: Our Founding Fathers recognized an expansion of federal powers to these areas could, and most likely would, facilitate corruption and tyranny. Moreover, they realized that no central government could fashion a one-size-fits-all plan that would meet the needs and desires of people in vastly different regions with very diverse backgrounds and cultures. One of the many benefits of our wonderful constitutional system is that it establishes a structure of 50 state laboratories and thousands of county, city, and town laboratories where various policies can be tested and proved. If these laws and policies aren't to one's liking in a particular jurisdiction, one is free to move to another. But once the central government usurps the power over a matter and legislates for everyone, that freedom is lost.
In addition to proposing putting federally funded armed police officers in every school, LaPierre also announced that "the NRA is going to bring all of its knowledge, dedication and resources to develop a model National School Shield Emergency Response Program for every school that wants it." This new program, he said, will be led by former Congressman Asa Hutchinson, who was also head of the federal DEA and a former under secretary of the Department of Homeland Security.
"From armed security to building design and access control to information technology to student and teacher training, this multi-faceted program will be developed by the very best experts in their fields," boasted LaPierre at the NRA news conference. Building design, access control, information technology — it all sounds very much like the NRA is advocating that our schools adopt the federal TSA's surveillance state/police state paradigm that we now experience at our airports.
At the same press conference, LaPierre took aim at and blasted the federally imposed Gun-Free School Zones Act:
Politicians pass laws for Gun-Free School Zones. They issue press releases bragging about them. They post signs advertising them.
And in so doing, they tell every insane killer in America that schools are their safest place to inflict maximum mayhem with minimum risk.
The politically correct (but fatally wrong-headed) gun-free school zones are an easy and appropriate target. However, in the interest of full disclosure, LaPierre should have reminded his listeners that only a few years ago he and the NRA were major backers of the gun-free school zones. Yes, it's true, though it will shock many Americans, including many NRA members, to learn that LaPierre testified in favor of the very same gun-free school zones he now decries. He actually sided with President Clinton and Attorney General Janet Reno in this blatant attack on the Second Amendment.
Here is what LaPierre said, on behalf of the NRA, when testifying on May 27, 1999, before the Subcommittee on Crime of the House Judiciary Committee:
We think it's reasonable to support the federal Gun-Free School Zones Act. What's unreasonable is letting 6,000 students caught with illegal guns at school go, prosecuting only 13 of them the past two years.
In addition, at the same time, the NRA also supported a vast expansion of the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF). At the time, The New American pointed out ("The NRA's Gun Control Schizophrenia") that the NRA's "reasonable" so-called solution to gun violence in the schools was foolhardy on the practical level, as well as a gross violation of our Constitution's strict limitation on the powers of the national government.
Now the NRA is at it again. This time it is trying to undo the evils that it helped unleash with its support of the Gun-Free School Zones Act by proposing still more unconstitutional federal intervention in state and local affairs. In this particular case, the NRA is proposing a vast expansion of federal TSA-style police-state occupation of every school, which means virtually every neighborhood as well. The NRA cannot credibly claim to be the defender of the Second Amendment while it simultaneously is trashing the most fundamental concept of our Constitution, which is that the national government in Washington, D.C., has only those "delegated" and "enumerated" powers expressly given to it by the states and the people.
That fundamental principle is most particularly expressed in the 10th Amendment of our Bill of Rights, which states: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."
The NRA cannot defend the Second Amendment while trashing the 10th Amendment and the foundation on which all of the guarantees of our rights under the Constitution are based.
Mental Health Dictatorship
LaPierre and the NRA even beat President Obama to the punch in advocating the unconstitutional expansion of the federal Psychiatric State. At his December 21, 2012 press conference, LaPierre said:
The truth is, that our society is populated by an unknown number of genuine monsters.... A dozen more killers, a hundred more? How can we possibly even guess how many, given our nation's refusal to create an active national database of the mentally ill?
Where in the Constitution did LaPierre find the authority for the federal government to create a "national database of the mentally ill"? Nowhere, because there is no such authority, which means that creating one would be an illegal and flagrant usurpation of power. In this proposal, the NRA is strangely aligned with the Obama administration, which made a number of "mental health" proposals a key feature of its Now Is the Time plan of action.
Unfortunately, a number of other gun rights proponents and sheriff organizations opposed to President Obama's gun control measures have followed the NRA lead and jumped on board the "mental health" bandwagon, apparently not realizing that it is every bit as much about "people control" as are the proposals aimed directly at gun ownership.
Peter R. Breggin, M.D., a distinguished expert in psychiatry and psychopharmacology, warns that President Obama's program would "vastly empower psychiatry while gutting patient rights."
Dr. Breggin, the author of dozens of scientific articles and many professional books, including Medication Madness: The Role of Psychiatric Drugs in Cases of Violence, Suicide and Crime, is adjunct professor in the Department of Counseling and Psychological Services at State University of New York (SUNY) Oswego and has been in private counseling practice for more than four decades.
In a January 17, 2013 article for NaturalNews.com, Dr. Breggin warned:
President Obama issued a set of 23 executive orders Jan. 16, 2013 that vastly empower psychiatry. This great expansion of psychiatric authority and power will ensure that organized psychiatry and the mental health establishment will not resist other presidential executive orders that greatly impair the free and effective practice of psychiatry, psychotherapy, and all of healthcare.
Dr. Breggin, who is widely known as "the Conscience of Psychiatry," has testified before many governmental bodies and is credited with exposing and reforming some of the most egregious psychiatric treatments and abuses.
Professor Breggin notes that President Obama's Now Is the Time program will broaden the categories of individuals who can be investigated and whose privacy can be invaded. It orders, "Direct the Attorney General to review categories of individuals prohibited from having a gun to make sure dangerous people are not slipping through the cracks."
"If you think that this destruction of privacy within American healthcare will end with providing information for gun ownership background checks, you are simply unrealistic," states Dr. Breggin. "This kind of power does nothing but make itself grow at every possible opportunity."
Two additional Obama executive orders "move us yet closer to turning the healthcare system into a spy network," says Breggin. He and other medical experts point out that Obama says, in Now Is the Time, "Doctors and other health care providers also need to be able to ask about firearms in their patients' homes and safe storage of those firearms." Obama also said he will "clarify that no federal law prevents health care providers from warning law enforcement authorities about threats of violence."
These directives, says Breggin, undermine whatever patient privacy protections remain under the federal HIPAA regulations. "What the President now permits with his orders will soon be codified into law," Breggin warns. "Doctors and other health care providers will be burdened with spy duties, gathering information on gun possession and reporting anyone suspected by them of being potentially violent."
As reported by Rebecca Terrell recently in The New American ("Prescription for Murder," March 18, 2013), Dr. Breggin and other psychiatric experts have also been sounding the warning for many years on the horrendous consequences of the promiscuous prescription of psychiatric drugs to millions of Americans. Those consequences include many thousands of deaths due to suicide and homicide caused by commonly prescribed antidepressants and SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), such as Prozac, Zoloft, Celexa, Luvox, and Paxil.
In his Health & Healing Newsletter for February 2013, Julian Whitaker, M.D. reported, "Between 2004 and 2011, the FDA's Adverse Events Reporting System for drug side effects logged 12,755 reports of psychiatric medications relating to violence. Among them were 359 homicides, 7,250 incidences of aggression, and 2,795 episodes of mania."
Dr. Whitaker notes further:
There were also 9,310 suicides. Actually, the damage is far greater. According to the FDA, fewer than 10 percent of adverse reactions are reported. To get a truer picture of the horrors of these medications, multiply these numbers by 10!
He then lists 14 school shootings and 10 murders and murder-suicides that left a total of 102 dead and 131 wounded, all committed by individuals who have been positively identified as having been taking or withdrawing from antidepressants or other psychiatric drugs.
Dr. Whitaker also lists many additional cases of suicide, murder, or mass murder in which the perpetrators have been reported in various media stories to have been under the influence of psychiatric drugs, but in which the records have been sealed — allegedly to protect the privacy of the shooters, but more likely to protect the doctors and the drug companies. If one is seeking still additional cases to substantiate the incredible pervasiveness of this enormous medically induced epidemic, there are literally thousands of stories with links archived at http://www.ssristories.com.
"Violence and other potentially criminal behavior caused by prescription drugs are medicine's best kept secret," says Dr. David Healy, a world-renowned psychiatrist who is a professor of psychiatry in Wales and a former secretary of the British Association for Psychopharmacology. Dr. Healy is a founder and chief executive officer of Data Based Medicine Limited and has written extensively on medical issues, including his latest book, Pharmageddon. "Never before in the fields of medicine and law have there been so many events with so much concealed data and so little focused expertise," he charges. Can prescription drugs cause you to kill someone? "Absolutely," says Dr. Healy.
And yet, the Obama administration says that we must give the psychiatric "professionals" who have unleashed the wave of psych-drug-induced mass murder even more money and power, as well as supervisory control over the "mental health" of all Americans.
"Research" or Propaganda?
In addition, we must conduct more mental health "research." We must "end the freeze on gun violence research," the president avers in Now Is the Time. The president laments that "for years, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and other scientific agencies have been barred by Congress from using funds to 'advocate or promote gun control,' and some members of Congress have claimed this prohibition also bans the CDC from conducting any research on the causes of gun violence. However, research on gun violence is not advocacy; it is critical public health research that gives all Americans information they need."
Sounds reasonable, right? Not at all, says Timothy Wheeler, M.D., founder and director of California-based Doctors for Responsible Gun Ownership. "Memories are short," wrote Dr. Wheeler in a January 16, 2013 article for National Review. "It was only 15 years ago that Congress cut off federal funding for the Centers for Disease Control's gun research." Why? Dr. Wheeler explains:
Top CDC officials such as Patrick O'Carroll, M.D., had said things like "We're going to systematically build a case that owning firearms causes deaths. We're doing the most we can do, given the political realities."
Nor was Congress pleased that the CDC had funded in the spring of 1995 a newsletter from the San Francisco gun-control group the Trauma Foundation. This newsletter advised "advocates" to "organize a picket at gun manufacturing sites" and to "work for campaign finance reform to weaken the gun lobby's clout." There's no reason to believe the CDC will not again use taxpayer millions to pay for more anti-gun-rights pamphleteering.
The anti-gun activists at the CDC and National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) have many militant allies at the American Psychiatric Association (APA), the American Medical Association (AMA), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR), and various university medical schools who have shown over and over again that their "research on gun violence" is indeed advocacy oriented — and always in the direction of more restricting, banning, licensing, and registering.
Leaders of gun rights organizations who support more "mental health" programs from Washington, D.C., may be in need of mental counseling themselves. Perhaps they are suffering from a self-destructive impulse. After all, a sizable percentage of the membership of most gun rights groups would fall into categories that the federal Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and other agencies have been demonizing for years. Following the lead of radical left-wing groups such as the Southern Poverty Law Center, the DHS and FBI have been promiscuously affixing the "right-wing extremist," "anti-government," "hate group," and "terrorist" labels to millions of law-abiding Americans. Military veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, pro-life grandmothers, Christians who voice opposition to homosexuality, people who support states' rights and oppose federal usurpations, opponents of the United Nations, people who express concern over illegal immigration: All of these and more have been repeatedly designated by federal agencies as dangerous "extremists." President Obama himself, during his 2008 campaign, infamously sneered at the small-town and rural folk who "cling to guns or religion or antipathy toward people who aren't like them or anti-immigrant sentiment."
They are obviously in need of counseling by mental health professionals, right? And in the meantime, until (if ever) they are deemed no longer a danger to themselves or society, they must not be allowed to own any firearms or to have any firearms in their homes. That's only sensible, right? Of course, that's the Obama/Pelosi/Feinstein/Schumer view reinforced every day by Piers Morgan, Chris Matthews, Brian Williams, and the rest of the media choir.
The federal "mental health" agenda is one of the most dangerous attacks on the Second Amendment we face today. Tens of millions of Americans have been prescribed psychotropic drugs by "mental health professionals" for everything from ADHD to depression and insomnia. Under ObamaCare, might we see a directive categorizing all these prescription drug users (or former users) as automatically presumed to be mentally or emotionally unstable, and ordering all healthcare providers to notify law enforcement authorities of these patients who have a gun in the home? Will the millions of military veterans who have been forced to go through PTSD counseling and other psychological evaluations find themselves subjected to scrutiny by federal "mental health" bureaucrats who will be empowered to comb through their files and to decide whether they are "fit" to keep and bear arms as a private citizen? It does not take much imagination to envision a myriad of similarly realistic scenarios that could be used by the Therapeutic State for piecemeal disarmament of virtually the entire populace.
In fact it does not require any imagination at all. The recent case of Brandon J. Raub, a Marine combat veteran who served in Iraq and Afghanistan, provides a reality-based look at the frightening direction Obama's "mental health" agenda would take us. Raub was visited at his home in North Chesterfied, Virginia, last August 16 by agents of the FBI and Secret Service. The reason for their "visit"? Some unnamed person or persons had reported that Raub had posted "threatening" posts on the Internet on his Facebook account. Raub was taken by the FBI, Secret Service, and local police under an emergency custody order to John Randolph Medical Center in Hopewell, Virginia. From there he was transferred to a veterans hospital and held under involuntary commitment. A medical assessment described him as paranoid and delusional.
He was incarcerated for a week, and might be imprisoned still if not for the intervention of attorneys for the Rutherford Institute. What was his "crime," or what grave danger did he pose to society? He allegedly posted statements challenging the official version of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, condemning the move toward a one-world banking system, and opposing the growing imposition of police state/surveillance state measures. The Rutherford lawyers won a release on August 23 from Circuit Judge W. Allan Sharrett, who dismissed an earlier involuntary commitment petition as invalid. "The petition is so devoid of any factual allegations that it could not be reasonably expected to give rise to a case or controversy," Judge Sharrett stated in his release order.
John Whitehead, president of Rutherford Institute, issued a sharp condemnation of the government action, noting that "Brandon Raub is no different from the majority of Americans who use their private Facebook pages to post a variety of content, ranging from song lyrics and political hyperbole to trash talking their neighbors, friends and government leaders."
"For government officials to not only arrest Brandon Raub for doing nothing more than exercising his First Amendment rights but to actually force him to undergo psychological evaluations and detain him against his will goes against every constitutional principle this country was founded upon," Whitehead said. "This should be a wake-up call to Americans that the police state is here."
Unfortunately, many other veterans are facing the same fate as Brandon Raub. In a February 26 online article for The New American, Joe Wolverton reported:
Veterans around the country are receiving letters from the federal government informing them that because of alleged physical or mental disability their financial decisions will be made by a government-appointed "fiduciary" and they will be forbidden from "purchasing, possessing, receiving or transporting a firearm or ammunition."
The Veterans Administration, notes Wolverton, is citing the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act and warning veterans labeled as incompetent that they will be "fined and/or imprisoned" if they are found in possession of a gun or ammunition.
People who have allowed themselves to be stampeded into supporting "safe schools" and "mental health" programs that build the federal Surveillance State/Therapeutic State/ Police State could soon find that they have boxed themselves into a regime that strips them of all of their rights — including the right to keep and bear arms.
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