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Mortgage rates have fallen to their lowest levels ever, making this a golden opportunity to refinance.
But many people can't. Homeowners who want to refinance in today's tougher lending environment face hurdles.
Credit scores must be higher than they used to be. Debt loads must be smaller. Employment must be documented.
The biggest obstacle? A lack of home equity. Some people owe more on their mortgages than their homes are worth. They're considered "underwater." Banks aren't inclined to lend to them.
But for those with stable jobs, extra cash, little debt and some home equity, low rates could allow for sharply reduced mortgage payments.
For many homeowners, refinancing is impossible.
The lowest rates are generally reserved for those with credit scores of 720 or more, said Mark Goldman, a Southern California mortgage broker who lectures at San Diego State University. About 40 percent of U.S. homeowners have scores that high.
You'll also typically need at least 10 percent equity in your home. Depending on where your home is, the required equity might be as high as 20 percent.
"It's tough to refinance a loan these days," Goldman said. "Only the select few can qualify."
Roughly 11 million U.S. homeowners -- about 23 percent of Americans with a mortgage -- are underwater. Some underwater homeowners with government-backed mortgages might be able to refinance through federal programs, such as the Home Affordable Refinance Program.
But these programs are generally limited to those who have lost no more than 10 percent of their home's equity. In many hard-hit areas, such as Phoenix, Las Vegas and Tampa, Fla., home values have shrunk 60 percent or more.
The rule of thumb has been that it makes sense to refinance if a homeowner can save 1 percentage point on the current rate. Those who haven't refinanced in the past few years and who plan to stay in their home for at least five years are best positioned to save.
If you've been paying your mortgage for 15 years or more, it's sometimes not wise to refinance. In the latter years of a mortgage, a larger portion of your payment applies to principal. That builds equity. If you refinance late in your loan and don't reduce the loan's duration from, say 30 to 15 years, you'll build less equity.
In some states, you might also face prepayment penalties if you pay off your mortgage early or refinance. In some cases, though, these penalties can be waived.
Homeowners need pay stubs and bank statements to document assets and income. Lenders generally frown on household debt that exceeds 45 percent of a family's gross income.
A solid credit score of at least 680 is also important, said Mike Anderson, a broker at Essential Mortgage Co. in Baton Rouge, La. That's because lower credit are typically subject to higher extra fees.
"Once you get below 680, it gets dicey," Anderson said. "With all the add-on fees, it may not be worth it."
But the low rates, if they can be had, can produce big savings. A homeowner would have to pay roughly $1,074 a month for a 30-year, $200,000 fixed mortgage at 5 percent. If that rate were cut to 4 percent, the payment would drop to $955. The savings would be $119 a month, or $1,428 a year.
Homeowners typically pay a few thousand in closing costs. An appraisal fee can cost 1 percent of the loan value. Extra costs, sometimes called "garbage fees," include application, inspection, notary and recording fees.
These fees, called points, now average 0.8 point on a 30-year fixed mortgage. One point equals 1 percent of the loan amount. That means the 0.8 percent in extra fees on a $200,000 loan would run $1,600.
An example of how fees can increase costs: This week's average rate on the 30-year fixed mortgage is 3.94 percent. It's the first time it's ever been below 4 percent. But once extra fees are added in, the effective average rate rises to 4.12 percent.
How To Qualify For Record-Low Mortgage Rates
Mortgage rates have fallen to their lowest levels ever, making this a golden opportunity to refinance.


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Facts: Child was born to Mother and Father. They separated, and Father did not maintain a relationship with Child. Mother married Stepfather, and they had a child, Titus. Mother and Stepfather allowed Child to believe that he was Child's father. Mother and Stepfather petitioned to terminate Father's parental rights, sought to have Stepfather adopt Child, and change Child's last name. Father's parental rights were terminated, but Stepfather never proceeded with the adoption. Instead, Stepfather and Mother separated. Stepfather sought custody of Titus but refused any involvement with or responsibility for Child, who he once sought to adopt. Stepfather even refused to visit with Child and, during his last visit, told Child was not the Child's father. Mother argued that Stepfather should be required to pay child support for both children. Stepfather asserted that he should not be required to pay child support for Child because he was neither the biological nor adoptive father of Child. The trial court ruled:
Because [Stepfather assisted] in causing [Father's] parental rights to be terminated and held himself out as the father, he is more than a stepfather. He has assumed the position as a father, having caused that vacancy. The law does not favor causing a bastardy situation. And, the law is clear that the best interest[] of a child is paramount in divorce and parenting litigation. To rule otherwise would be a disservice to [C]hild.
Stepfather appealed.
On Appeal: The Court of Appeals reversed the trial court.
Stepfather argued he should not be required to submit child support for Child when he is not the biological or adoptive father of Child. Mother contended the trial court did not err in ordering Stepfather to submit child support because, as a result of Stepfather's actions, Child is no longer entitled to continued support from his natural father. Mother alternatively responded that if the Court reversed the trial court's child support order, then Stepfather should be required to pay alimony to offset Child's loss of support.
Tennessee does not provide for the imposition of a child support obligation upon an individual unless that person has a duty to support his or her natural or adopted child. In a divorce proceeding, the trial court may impose an obligation of child support upon the natural parents or those who stand in the place of the natural parents by adoption. In the absence of a formal adoption, a man is not obligated to provide support for a child when it is shown by clear and convincing evidence that he is not the natural parent of the child. When one's parental rights are terminate, it also terminates the responsibilities of that parent for future child support or other future financial responsibilities even if the child is not ultimately adopted.
Regarding Stepfather's child support obligation, the Court concluded:
We are sympathetic to the Child's plight, and we acknowledge that the best interest of the child is always paramount in a divorce proceeding. However, the legislature has made it clear that this court may only impose a child support obligation on a child's natural or adoptive parent. Additionally, the legislature has provided a very specific framework regarding the adoption of children and the subsequent establishment of the parental relationship. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court erred in imposing a statutory obligation upon Stepfather to submit child support for the care and maintenance of the Child when he was neither the biological nor adoptive parent of the Child. In so concluding, we must express our regret in reaching this decision. We cannot imagine a more sympathetic exception to the statutory rule regarding the imposition of child support. While we disapprove of the heartless manner in which Stepfather informed the Child that he was not the Child's father and of his refusal to support a child that he once sought to adopt, this court cannot condone the imposition of a legal obligation to submit child support when such an obligation does not exist.
The Court then rejected Mother's alternative argument for alimony, noting that because she did not request alimony at trial, the issue was waived. The Court then added:
While we refuse to replace the child support obligation that cannot be statutorily imposed with a spousal support obligation, an upward deviation of Stepfather's child support obligation relating to Titus might be warranted in light of the Parties' changed circumstances as a result of this opinion. We remand this case to the trial court with direction to complete a new child support worksheet and consider whether an upward deviation from the child support guidelines is appropriate in setting Stepfather's remaining child support obligation.
Judge Susano issued a concurring opinion emphasizing that "[d]eviations in the amount of child support must be viewed in the context of the child for whom an obligor parent is responsible — in this case, Titus." He then quoted the following provision in the Child Support Guidelines:
In making its determination regarding a request for deviation pursuant to this chapter, the tribunal shall consider all available income of the parents as defined by this chapter and shall make a written finding that an amount of child support other than the amount calculated under the Guidelines is reasonably necessary to provide for the needs of the minor child or children for whom support is being determined in the case immediately under consideration.
The trial court was reversed.
K.O.'s Comment: I am curious as to why the termination of parental rights and and adoption did not happen at the same time. The usual (and best) practice is to join the actions so they can be concluded at the same time. That would have prevented an outcome like this.
Braun v. Braun (Tennessee Court of Appeals, Eastern Section, October 2, 2012).
Information provided by K.O. Herston: Knoxville, Tennessee Matrimonial, Divorce and Family Law Attorney.

subset: commoncrawl


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Many people forget to take their prescribed medications and wind up at risk of serious illness.
Dr. Rajiv Shah, a physician and founder of the Minneapolis tech firm MyMeds, wants to use a little psychology and a smartphone app to gently nudge patients to take their pills.
"This is considered one of the biggest problems in health care today," said Shah, 41, who juggles his work as a full-time kidney specialist at Intermed Consultants in Edina with being the CEO of MyMeds.
Researchers agree. Failure to take prescribed medications, either accidentally or deliberately, "causes approximately 33 percent to 69 percent of medication-related hospitalizations and accounts for $100 billion in annual [U.S.] health care costs," a group of University of Arkansas researchers said in the Journal of the American Pharmacists Association this year. Others estimate such costs at as much as $300 billion.
The Arkansas researchers said that about half of all U.S. patients taking prescription drugs for chronic diseases don't take them as prescribed.
The same study said that smartphone apps could help change today's dismal pill-taking behavior. It named MyMeds and two other competing apps, MyMedSchedule and RxmindMe (neither from the Twin Cities), as the best of 160 apps available.
MyMeds, a three-employee start-up, deals with the problem via an app — available for Apple or Android phones and tablets — that is used in conjunction with a website, my-meds.com. The service costs $9.99 a year.
Via the app and website, the MyMeds service reminds people to take their medications while at the same time reinforcing the reason they are needed, a bit of psychology designed to reduce the number of missed doses. Shah has an undergraduate degree in cognitive psychology from Boston University in addition to his medical degree from the University of Minnesota.
For example, consumers can set up medication-taking reminders that will arrive via smartphone text, e-mail or alarm. A reminder to take lisinopril, for instance, says that it lowers blood pressure to prevent strokes. Shah said that attaching importance to a drug makes a patient more likely to take it.
Sharing information online with care providers
At the same time, MyMeds takes an almost social-media approach to health care. Through the app or website, patients can share their medication lists and pill-taking routines with nurses, pharmacists or other caregivers. That can result in some give-and-take about the medications and whether they're being taken as directed. The information being viewed actually resides in an online server that complies with federal medical-privacy requirements, Shah said.
While the service is available to anyone, Shah believes the main customers will be corporations and insurance companies that want to offer wellness programs. Such programs typically give corporate employees financial incentives, such as reduced medical plan premiums, to be healthier. Users of MyMeds can accumulate points for taking their medications or learning more about the drugs they take. Employers or insurance companies could, after tallying an employee's MyMeds points, offer discounts on premiums or other rewards, Shah said, though MyMeds hasn't signed up any firms to do that yet.
"Historically, wellness plans were about keeping healthy people healthy," Shah said. "But, the truth is, it's the 20 percent of the people with chronic diseases that make up 80 percent of the medical expenses. We help target those people and keep them healthy."
Shah, who spent 12 years trying to bring the MyMeds concept to fruition, benefited from the help of Minnetonka medical venture capitalist Dr. Glen D. Nelson, a former surgeon and Medtronic executive who is a MyMeds investor and board member.
"I worked with Rajiv for several years to bring the idea forward," Nelson said. "Like so many inexperienced entrepreneurs, it took him some time to get to a level where there was real potential for success. I was attracted to MyMeds because it fills a real need — there's only about a 50 percent usage rate of prescribed medications."
Another board member, Marilyn Speedie, the dean of the University of Minnesota's College of Pharmacy, said she was interested because MyMeds helps pharmacists. It acts as a repository for a patient's complete medical record (patient records typically are scattered in several locations) and it avoids privacy concerns by having the patient manage his or her own online medical record.
While Shah hired others to do the technical work of writing the app and building the website, starting and building a technology company, on top of being a full-time doctor, keeps him extraordinarily busy.
"There's not a lot of sleep in my world," Shah said. "And we've got 18-month-old twin girls on top of it."


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Browse by Medical Category
Chad Cowan, Ph.D. Principal FacultyHarvard Stem Cell InstituteAssociate ProfessorCenter for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University firstname.lastname@example.com
Our goal is to understand how naturally occurring human genetic variation protects (or predisposes) some people to cardiovascular and metabolic disease—the leading cause of death in the world—and to use that information to develop therapies that can protect the entire population from disease. Our strategy is to identify patients, families, and cohorts with disease; to use genetic techniques such as genome-wide association studies and exome sequencing to identify novel DNA variants and genes linked to disease; to use human cell-based models and mouse models to understand how the DNA variants affect gene and protein function; and to use these mechanistic insights to begin the process of developing new therapies that will benefit patients and populations. In particular, we are interested in using human pluripotent stem cells to create human-derived tissues, containing specific DNA variants, as genetic disease models in which environmental and epigenetic influences have been minimized. We also aim to use stem cells to enable regenerative medicine, in which a patient's own cells can be genetically cured or made resistant to disease and then transplanted back into the body as a durable treatment.
Research FellowsRaymond Camahort, Ph.D.Ludivine Challet-Meylan, PhDQiurong Ding, Ph.D.Rajat Gupta, MDYoun-Kyoung Lee, Ph.D.Torsten Meissner, PhD
Graduate StudentsLeonard FerreiraMax FreisenDerek Peters
Lab AssistantYulei XiaResearch TechnicianFang Xia
N. Maherali, T. Ahfeldt, A. Rigamonti, J. Utikal, C. Cowan, K. Hochedlinger. A High-Efficiency System for the Generation and Study of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell, 3(3), 340-345. 2008. PMID: 18786420.
Park, N. Arora, H. Huo, N. Maherali, T. Ahfeldt, A. Shimamura, M. Lensch, C. Cowan, K. Hochedlinger, G. Daley Disease-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell, 134(5), 877- 886. 2008.
Warren L, Manos PD, Ahfeldt T, Loh YH, Li H, Lau F, Ebina W, Mandal PK, Smith ZD, Meissner A, Daley GQ, Brack AS, Collins JJ, Cowan C, Schlaeger TM, Rossi DJ. Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human stem cells with synthetic modified mRNA, Cell Stem Cell. 2010 Nov 5;7(5):618-30. Epub 2010 Sep 30. PMCID: 3656821.
Ahfeldt T, Schinzel RT, Lee YK, Hendrickson D, Kaplan A, Lum DH, Camahort R, Xia F, Shay J, Rhee EP, Clish CB, Deo RC, Shen T, Lau FH, Cowley A, Mowrer G, Al-Siddiqui H, Mahrendorf M, Musunuru K, Gerszten RE, Rinn JL, Cowan CA. Programming human pluripotent stem cells into white and brown adipocytes. Nature Cell Biology. 2012 Jan 15;14(2):209-19. doi: 10.1038/ncb2411. PMCID: PMC3385947.
Mou H, Zhao R, Sherwood, R, Ahfeldt, T, Lapey, A, Wain, J, Sicilian, L, Izvolsky, K, Musunuru K, Cowan C, and Rajagopal, J. (2012). Generation of Multipotent Lung and Airway Progenitors from Mouse ESCs and Patient-Specific Cystic Fibrosis iPSCs. Cell Stem Cell 2012 Apr 6;10(4):385-97. PMCID: PMC3474327.
Ding Q, Lee YK, Esperance A, Schaefer K, Peters DT, Veres A, Kim K, Kuperwasser N, Motola DL, Meissner TB, Hendriks WT, Trevisan M, Gupta RM, Moisan A, Friesen M, Schinzel RT, Xia F, Tang A, Xia Y, Figueroa E, Wann A, Ahfeldt T, Daheron L, Feng Zhang F, Rubin LL, Peng LF, Chung RT, Kiran Musunuru, Cowan CA. A TALEN genome editing system to generate human cellular disease models. Cell Stem Cell. February 7, 2013 PMCID: PMC3570604.
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Imagine going to school, a place that's supposed to be safe, only to be welcomed by a metal detector and security guards. That's unfortunately the reality at many schools these days, including the elementary school that I attended as a kid.
I strongly believe that violence breeds more violence, so I've always thought there must be a better way to prevent gun tragedies in schools. Dogs are great at assisting police as well as creating goodwill in the community, so why not use them in schools?
Two new companies, American Success Dog Training and K9s4KIDs, are setting out to explore the possibility of using specially trained dogs as an alternative way to protect schools. Their pups can be trained to detect weapons and can even learn to disengage a person with a gun, just like police dogs. They can also be used in lessons to teach compassion.
After the tragedy at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., Mark Gomer decided to start American Success Dog Training and use his experience training dogs to help protect school children.
Mark's first full-time safety dog, a one year-old Dutch Shepherd named Atticus, reported to duty this September at Oak Hills High School in Green Township, Ohio, at a cost of $10,000. Atticus trained during the summer, learning to perform his duties among distractions like marching bands, school bells, and locker door slamming. Atticus spends the day with two security guards and goes home with Principal John Stoddard at night. The kids love him and many parents have expressed comfort in knowing Atticus is at their school.
Sign up for our newsletter and stay in the know.
For districts who can't afford such a hefty price tag, Kristi Schiller began her non-profit, K9s4KIDs, after law enforcement agencies applying for trained dogs through her K9s4COPs program suggested she expand to academia. If a school applies for and is chosen to receive a dog, K9s4KIDS provides the training, but it's up to school officials to decide who will be the handler, who the dog will live with, and what specific tasks will be taught.
There's a lot of potential for school safety dogs to prevent tragedy by helping with security and providing education and comfort. I'm looking forward to seeing more schools take advantage of these talented pups.


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Tech Firms' Cash Piles Cool Fears of a Meltdown
Stock Swoon Brings Back Memories of Dot-Com Bust, but Analysis Shows Companies Have Healthy Cash Supplies
The two-month swoon in technology stocks has given investors flashbacks to the dot-com meltdown. But at least one harbinger of trouble is absent today: tech firms in danger of collapse.
A Wall Street Journal analysis of 148 U.S. tech companies with recent or pending initial public offerings found none on a path to burn through their cash within a year, based on their pace of spending in 2013.


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Women with an increased risk of breast cancer benefit from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening, according to the American Cancer Society.
Based on new evidence, these women -- up to 1.4 million in the United States -- are now encouraged to get annual MRIs in addition to mammograms.
"ACS has recommended yearly breast cancer screening beginning at age 40 for some time now," said Dr. Robert Smith, director of cancer screening at the American Cancer Society. "But we have always known that there is a subgroup that is at greater risk, such as those who have a strong family history of the disease."
On the basis of new evidence, the guidelines now recommend annual MRIs for breast cancer screening for women with approximately 20 percent or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer.
This would include women with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer, as well as others who have specific mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, which are genes associated with breast cancer.
Women who have been treated with radiation to the chest for Hodgkin's disease should also have annual MRIs to check for breast cancer.
Screening Both Breasts Beneficial
As the new guidelines were being announced, the New England Journal of Medicine also released the results of a national study today that suggest women who have cancer diagnosed in one breast should get an MRI of the other breast.
The study, led by Dr. Constance Lehman of the University of Washington Medical Center and the Seattle Cancer Alliance, looked at a total of 969 women with recent diagnoses of cancer in one breast and no abnormalities on clinical exam and mammography in the second breast.
They found that the MRI detected cancer in the opposite breast in 30 of 969 women (or 3.1 percent) who had recently been diagnosed with cancer in one breast only. The cancers in the opposite breast were missed by previous mammographies and clinical exams.
"When someone is first diagnosed with breast cancer, she has a 10 percent lifetime increased risk of getting another cancer in either of the breasts," said Dr. Carl Jaffe of the National Cancer Institute, which sponsored the study.
"Other cancers can be present at the time of diagnosis, and this study provides definitive evidence that an MRI can help detect them."
One of the advantages of detecting a second cancer early with an MRI is that it can then be treated simultaneously, thus avoiding another round of therapy at a later time when the tumor may also have progressed further.
Lehman said the research confirms that an MRI is a powerful tool in finding cancers that other screenings may miss.
"We have known from many smaller studies that breast MRI is a very powerful tool in detecting cancer," said Lehman. "This large multicenter study demonstrates that MRI will detect a significant number of cancers at an acceptable rate of false positive exams."
Mammograms Still Important
But experts are quick to warn that this does not mean that mammography be given up as a screening tool. MRI is only recommended for high-risk women, while mammography remains an important screening tool for all women.
"These new results do not mean that we throw out mammography altogether, but that we supplement it with MRI," said Dr. Mitchell Schnall, professor of radiology at the University of Pennsylvania and co-author of the study.
"For example, MRI does not pick up microscopic calcifications, which are an indirect marker for breast cancer, so mammograms remain a very important tool."
Experts also say that the recommendation of MRI screening is not meant for those who are without any increased risk. One of the reasons is that the test still has a high error rate, which can lead to unnecessary biopsies.
"There is really no evidence that MRI improves cancer detection in the general population," said Schnall.
MRIs are also expensive, costing $2,000 or more. Mammograms, on the other hand, cost $100 to $150 on average.
While insurers generally follow government guidelines, the new ACS recommendations may prove influential in getting MRIs covered for high-risk patients.
Patients Need to Ask Their Doctor
While women at increased risk for breast cancer may benefit from the earlier initiation of screening, shorter screening intervals, or the addition of screening methods such as breast ultrasound or MRI, according to the ACS, the updated guidelines also state that there is insufficient evidence for other recommendations.
"The study and the new guidelines raise important questions for patients," said Dr. Marisa Weiss, president and founder of BreastCancer.org. "Patients need to be reassured that it is important to ask questions and that they need to talk to their doctors to see what is recommended for their individual case."
ACS officials also urge women to be careful about where they get their MRIs. Of particular concern are places that perform breast MRIs but lack the facilities to perform biopsies. Patients who require follow-up evaluation with a biopsy then may need to undergo a repeat of the entire imaging procedure at a different center.
Experts agree, however, that research and technology are slowly providing doctors with new tools to both diagnose and treat diseases and that this work needs to continue.
"Our work and that of the ACS complement each other and tell us that we are really ready to bring MRI into the clinical care of high-risk breast cancer patients," said Lehman.


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Bush critics turn wrath on Obama
A club of Capitol Hill liberals made life hell for George W. Bush in his second term.
Now the gang is back — and they don't care that this time the president is their guy.
Story Continued Below
In the last few weeks, some of the loudest anti-Bush voices — including Democratic Reps. Henry Waxman and Ed Markey and Sens. Mark Udall and Ron Wyden – have been demanding answers from the White House on civil liberties, privacy and regulations, some of the same questions that defined Bush's second term.
( PHOTOS: Pols, pundits weigh in on NSA report)
Then news broke that the NSA is sweeping up millions of Americans' phone records and monitoring their Internet activity and the irritation turned to full-blown outrage.
As Obama grapples with a slew of second-term scandals about the scope of government power — from the Justice Department snooping on reporters to the IRS hassling tea partiers — it's a bad time to be short on friends.
"The president said that I must return to my authentic self. And I think the president needs to go back and read his own speeches," said Rep. Elijah Cummings, implying Obama could use a refresher course on some of his own 2008 campaign rhetoric — when he spoke openly about not becoming part of the conventional politics of Washington.
Others likened him to Bush, directly.
"I'm very concerned that this is basically a continuation of the policies of the Bush administration and the abuses of the Patriot Act. I'd like to see better out of this administration," said Rep. Peter DeFazio, an Oregon Democrat who noted he's long been game to question Obama's priorities.
( Also on POLITICO: 'Bush's 4th term')
"I started rocking the boat first year, first term, first six months when I tried to get the Transportation Committee to vote against the stimulus because it was only a four percent transportation investment and 42 percent tax cuts," DeFazio said in an interview.
House Judiciary Committee ranking member John Conyers also was steamed over the NSA eavesdropping, which he called another thorn in the side of progressive Democrats who fought Bush for nearly eight years on the issue and now must deal with Obama.
"I think the administration has brought it on themselves," the Michigan Democrat told POLITICO. "These revelations are making it necessary that we speak up. We still support the administration but if we don't speak up now they can keep drifting toward the right. So it seems to me it's good for us and them that these things be put on the table."
( WATCH: NSA reactions in under 60 seconds)
It's not unusual for members of Congress to criticize a president, even one of their own party, and Democrats certainly have. What makes this criticism so striking is that these Democrats are nearly as vehement in their attacks on Obama as they were toward Bush, who was a reviled figure among liberals.
Obama rode to office promising to be the anti-Bush — in substance and style - yet some of the anger of the liberals is that they clearly feel betrayed by Obama. Not only has he let them down, but he's done it in ways that remind them of Bush — and that makes them really see red.


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Philosophy of AR > Animals and Abuse Linked
What comes after killing pets?
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September 17, 2008
(CA) What comes after killing pets? [Terrace Standard - opinion]
TWO WEEKS two Camrose teens were sentenced for microwaving a cat to death. The boys (allegedly along with five others) twice broke in to a home, and besides baking the cat for ten minutes, crushed a guitar, damaged a TV, and smashed holes in a wall. The boys showed no signs of mental illness and were not drunk at the time. These bizarre behaviours offered the boys no benefit, that I can see, except to relieve their aggression in cowardly fashion. So why behave this way?
The answer may lie in the findings of research done by Frank Ascione, professor of psychology at the Utah State University. Ascione conducted extensive research on the link between mistreating animals and mistreating women. In his book "Children and Animals: Exploring the Roots of Kindness and Cruelty", Dr. Ascione writes, "When animals in a home are abused or neglected, it is a warning sign that others in the household may not be safe."
-- full story:
http://www.bclocalnews.com/bc_north/ terracestandard/opinion/28416749.html
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Have you seen the video?:
Leaving aside what the school or their parents might do, what would really serve the interest of justice?
Also, is no one teaching their children respect for elders anymore?
Views: 1364
Just seeing her receive around $500,000.00 in donations for their incredible rudeness, will probably be punishment enough
You've got to be kidding. You ARE kidding, right? You actually see that as punishment and not being let off the hook?
It was "tongue in cheek!"
Dear Folks:
I saw the video also. Watching it seemed to suggest to me that the dear woman has grounds for assault or harassment.
During a period in my life, I fell into a crapy housing situation. Over the first two years the neighborhood was 'owned' by local punks that had 24 hour parties, 2 week long July 4ths, etc. The local police where trying to crack down on these people, but were having trouble with the neighbors not making police reports. I started to make the needed police reports, and then told my neighbors what I had done and why. I opened my mouth to punks trashing flowers, firing pellet guns into the commons around children, and leaving drug and alcohol remains. Each of these got another police report. One day the police showed up, without my calling! WOW, it had started.
My front porch was vandelized, my tires cut on my truck, and another police report adnusium. One day a young kid tried to corner me with his girl friend and insulted me to my face, then reached out to touch me! "Kid do you know what you just did? You have now given me the power to trash your life via an assult charge! Thankyou!' Another police report!
Finally one day I showed up at home and found the neighborhood full of cops. The police had busted these people after finding a field full of pot behind our building among the tomatoes and sunflowers. It got very quiet after this.
I continue to check back with friends that still live there. It is still peaceful after 17 years.
Oh, at least one of the boys is definitely guilty of assault. He talks about coming back the next day with his knife and slicing her. People wrongly think that "assault" means hitting or stabbing or otherwise causing physical harm to someone. No, that is battery. Plausible threats constitute a form of assault.
The first thing I would do in their case is to drop the veil of anonymity usually applying to underage offenders. I think everyone, especially in the school and local community, should know who the kids are that they should avoid by a naming of names.
Dear Unseen:
In this case these people were most likely younger than 18. While the vengful side of me would like a good old tar and feathering and a week in the stocks for their crap, the kind human being inside, just wants to teach them a leason. I figure that the courts and the community will find some 'appropriate' correction. I am adverse to jail time or JUVI, for fear that we will just create better criminals. In my experience many bullies can out grow their crap, but true psychos never, but optimism springs eternal. We do not know the family background of these kids, additional marginalization could just add to their problems and ours.
When I was a kid, for many years we had a hugely obese bus driver with a giant wart on her face. Sure, the kids made fun of her and had nicknames for her but I never heard anyone say anything to her face. I'm sure she overheard things, but nothing as blatant as in the video.
The difference, of course, is that these kids went right after an adult like predators after prey. They sensed a vulnerability and went right for it. I was a kid once and of course we made fun of adults out of their earshot.
The idea that they would go on the attack like a pack of wolves, feeling that there would be no consequences—or not caring if there were, because any consequences they might anticipate weren't particularly scary—is what makes the video so shocking.
The next step for kids like this might easily be setting a sleeping homeless person on fire.
RE: "The next step for kids like this might easily be setting a sleeping homeless person on fire."
I can see that as a real possibility - the pack mentality tends to feed off itself.
You would be surprised that psychos like Ted Bundy and Jeffrey Dahmer were victims of bullying themselves. So saying that kids that are bullies are psychopathic is not accurate. A psychopath is way beyond school bullying.
This should not surprise anybody. Schoolshooters are never bullies. It's always the silent kid that got pushed around. Of course it's the bullies fault for pushing them over the line, but while bullies obviously have something to compensate for (alcoholic parent, small dick etc), they're usually nothing more than your everyday worthless douchebag. These kids wont end up as psychopaths, they'll end up as stupid worthless garbage in dead end jobs.
I would need to know what authority this lady had, and if none, why not?
The lady should have gotten together with the bus driver, notified the school and the police, had the kids forcibly removed and banned from riding the bus until an appropriate punishment had been administered. Parents, forced to use their gas and time to drive the kid to school and back every day, for whatever length of time the punishment takes, are far more likely to make sure it never happens again, thereby serving to punish both the kid and the parent. Children learn what they live with.
I don't know who took the video, but it should have been confiscated as evidence.
I disagree that corporal punishment is a solution - CP only teaches that violence solves problems, and I can't see that those kids need to add that to their arsenal.


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text:
The Postal Service faced its own fiscal cliff in 2012 while the larger mailing industry continued to press for reform and innovation. But don't count mail out just yet. A strong election season reminded many Americans that mail still matters, even in the digital age. And in Europe, one postal operator didn't let 500 years of history stand in the way of reinventing itself.
Looking over the headlines, the staff at the Office of Inspector General has pulled together the list below of the top 10 postal stories for 2012. After you read them, vote for your top story of the year, or let us know if we missed one.
10. Pitfalls of Sponsorship – The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency strips cycling legend Lance Armstrong of his seven Tour de France titles after accusing him of illegal doping while on the U.S. Postal Service team.
9. Sound as a Pound – Royal Mail positions itself for privatization after ending price controls, shifting its pension liability to the government, and earning a profit.
8. Regulatory Fireworks – The Postal Regulatory Commission approves a controversial and newspaper industry-opposed negotiated service agreement with Valassis and remands a portion of the Postal Service's annual price increase, saying it ignored previous Commission orders.
7. A Vote for Election Mail – Direct mail still matters in politics. Election mail postage surged over $400 million as parties and politicians used mail to target their messages in contentious national and local elections.
6. Default This Year; Reform Next Year – The Postal Service defaults on two prefunding payments totaling $11.1 billion to the Retiree Health Benefits Fund. Lawmakers ready for a postal reform bill in the new Congress.
5. Terminator 2012: Rise of the Tablets, (Further) Decline of Print – Coincidence or not? Venerable publications, such as Newsweek and the Times Picayune newspaper, abandon or reduce their print editions, while the number of tablet owners doubled in the past year and reached 19 percent of adults.
4. Shrink to Fit – The Postal Service's 5-year business plan calls for cutting costs by $20 billion through workforce reduction, consolidation of facilities, and elimination of Saturday delivery. In initial action, the Postal Service compromised and reduced hours at rural post offices rather than closing them and pushed back its plan to eliminate overnight delivery of First-Class Mail.
3. Postcards from the Edge – The Postal Service reaches its statutory borrowing limit of $15 billion for the first time ever and warned that it could run out of cash by October 2013, barring any significant action.
2. Brand Damage – Steady stream of bad news keeps the Postal Service in the news and threatens to hurt its brand, which could prove especially harmful as it reinvents its business model for the digital age.
1. Parcels are the New Letters – Same-day delivery trials by eBay and the Postal Service, the growth in parcel lockers, and the efforts of traditional brick-and-mortar powerhouse Wal-Mart to increase its online presence indicate a very bright future for packages.
[poll id="239"]


text:
|Safe Haskell
This module exposes useful concurrency abstrations for
LIO. This
module is, in part, analogous to Control.Concurrent. Specifically,
LIO provides a means for spawning
LIO computations in a new thread
forkLIO. LIO relies on the lightweight threads managed by
Haskell's runtime system; we do not provide a way to fork OS-level
In addition to this, LIO also provides
lFork and
lWait which allow
forking of a computation that is restricted from reading data more
sensitive than a given upper bound. This limit is different from
clearance in that it allows the computation to spawn additional
threads with an upper bound above said upper bound label, but below
the clearance. The
lFork function should be used whenever an LIO
computation wishes to execute a sub-computation that may raise the
current label (up to the supplied upper bound). To this end, the
current label only needs to be raised when the computation is
interested in reading the result of the sub-computation. The role of
lWait is precisely this: raise the current label and return the
result of such a sub-computation.
- data LabeledResult l a
- data ThreadId
- myThreadId :: MonadLIO l m => m ThreadId
- forkLIO :: Label l => LIO l () -> LIO l ThreadId
- lForkP :: Priv l p => p -> l -> LIO l a -> LIO l (LabeledResult l a)
- lFork :: Label l => l -> LIO l a -> LIO l (LabeledResult l a)
- lWaitP :: (MonadLIO l m, Priv l p) => p -> LabeledResult l a -> m a
- lWait :: MonadLIO l m => LabeledResult l a -> m a
- trylWaitP :: (MonadLIO l m, Priv l p) => p -> LabeledResult l a -> m (Maybe a)
- trylWait :: MonadLIO l m => LabeledResult l a -> m (Maybe a)
- threadDelay :: MonadLIO l m => Int -> m ()
- data AsyncException
- lForce :: MonadLIO l m => LabeledResult l a -> m (Labeled l (Maybe a))
- lForceP :: (MonadLIO l m, Priv l p) => p -> LabeledResult l a -> m (Labeled l (Maybe a))
data LabeledResult l a Source
A labeled thread result is simply a wrapper for a
LMVar. A thread
can observe the result of another thread, only after raising its label
to the label of the result.
data ThreadId
ThreadId is an abstract type representing a handle to a thread.
ThreadId is an instance of
Ord and
Show, where
Ord instance implements an arbitrary total ordering over
ThreadIds. The
Show instance lets you convert an arbitrary-valued
ThreadId to string form; showing a
ThreadId value is occasionally
useful when debugging or diagnosing the behaviour of a concurrent
Note: in GHC, if you have a
ThreadId, you essentially have
a pointer to the thread itself. This means the thread itself can't be
garbage collected until you drop the
This misfeature will hopefully be corrected at a later date.
Note: Hugs does not provide any operations on other threads;
it defines
ThreadId as a synonym for ().
myThreadId :: MonadLIO l m => m ThreadIdSource
Get the
ThreadId of the calling thread.
Forking new threads
lForkP :: Priv l p => p -> l -> LIO l a -> LIO l (LabeledResult l a)Source
Same as
lFork, but the supplied set of priviliges are accounted
for when performing label comparisons.
|:: Label l
|=> l
Label of result
|-> LIO l a
Computation to execute in separate thread
|-> LIO l (LabeledResult l a)
Labeled result
Labeled fork.
lFork allows one to invoke computations that
would otherwise raise the current label, but without actually
raising the label. The computation is executed in a separate thread
and writes its result into a labeled result (whose label is
supplied). To observe the result of the computation, or if the
computation has terminated, one will have to call
lWait and
raise the current label. Of couse, this can be postponed until the
result is needed.
lFork takes a label, which corresponds to the label of the result.
It is require that this label is above the current label, and below
the current clearance as enforced by the underlying
Moreover, the supplied computation must not read anything more
sensitive (i.e., with a label above the supplied label) --- doing so
will result in an exception (whose label will reflect this
observation) being thrown.
If an exception is thrown in the inner computation, the exception label will be raised to the join of the result label and original exception label.
Note that
lFork immediately returns a
LabeledResult, which is
essentially a "future", or "promise". This prevents
timing/termination attacks in which the duration of the forked
computation affects the duration of the
To guarantee that the computation has completed, it is important that
some thread actually touch the future, i.e., perform an
Waiting on threads
lWaitP :: (MonadLIO l m, Priv l p) => p -> LabeledResult l a -> m aSource
Same as
lWait, but uses priviliges in label checks and raises.
lWait :: MonadLIO l m => LabeledResult l a -> m aSource
Given a
LabeledResult (a future),
lWait returns the unwrapped
result (blocks, if necessary). For
lWait to succeed, the label of
the result must be above the current label and below the current
clearance. Moreover, before block-reading,
lWait raises the current
label to the join of the current label and label of result. An
exception is thrown by the underlying
guardWrite if this is not the
case. Additionally, if the thread terminates with an exception (for
example if it violates clearance), the exception is rethrown by
lWait. Similarly, if the thread reads values above the result label,
an exception is thrown in place of the result.
trylWaitP :: (MonadLIO l m, Priv l p) => p -> LabeledResult l a -> m (Maybe a)Source
Same as
trylWait, but uses priviliges in label checks and raises.
trylWait :: MonadLIO l m => LabeledResult l a -> m (Maybe a)Source
Same as
lWait, but does not block waiting for result.
threadDelay :: MonadLIO l m => Int -> m ()Source
Suspend current thread for a given number of microseconds.
Forcing computations (EXPERIMENTAL)
data AsyncException
Asynchronous exceptions.
The current thread's stack exceeded its limit. Since an exception has been raised, the thread's stack will certainly be below its limit again, but the programmer should take remedial action immediately.
The program's heap is reaching its limit, and the program should take action to reduce the amount of live data it has. Notes:
This exception is raised by another thread
This exception is raised by default in the main thread of the program when the user requests to terminate the program via the usual mechanism(s) (e.g. Control-C in the console).
lForce :: MonadLIO l m => LabeledResult l a -> m (Labeled l (Maybe a))Source
Force execution of a thread spawned with
lFork or
If the computation completed without raising an exception, then the
result is wrapped in a
Just, otherwise this function returns
Nothing. Note that the current computation must be able to read
and write at the security level of the labeled result.


text:
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
And trying to save it from development.
Scientists and citizen-scientists will gather Sunday, June 1 in the western highlands of the Oakland park to conduct a "bioblitz"--or a tally of the biodiversity of animals and plants living there.
"The Oakland Zoo is planning to bulldoze and build upon 56 acres of the most sensitive habitat, which will demolish pristine stands of maritime chaparral and native grasses, destroy over 50 mature trees including heritage oaks, and fence out wildlife that depends on this land to survive," said Constance Taylor of www.wildoakland.org in a news release issued today.
"Rare maritime chaparral and native grasslands alongside coastal scrub and oak woodlands comprise interconnected ecosystems with spectacular diversity: Hundreds of species of lichen, moss, and fungi (including a 100+ year-old giant puffball "fairy ring"), fields of wildflowers and many other California native plants, from ground cover to shrubs and trees," she said.
"These habitats sustain a multitude of wildlife species—insects, reptiles (including the federal and state protected Alameda whipsnake), resident and migratory birds, and an array of mammals—from the lowly dusky-footed woodrat (a California Species of Special Concern) to the top of the food chain, our native mountain lion."
And insects? "Yes, we are definitely looking for bugs," said bioblitz leader/entomologist Eddie Dunbar, founder and president of the Insect Sciences Museum of California (ISMC). "The same evening we will be sheetlighting for nightflying insects. Moths will be out, of course. However, it has been suggested that there may be a vernal kind of riparian area. If so, we want to see what aquatics we can attract. Also, there would be sampling during the day for aquatics, if they are there. During the day we will sweep, beat, poot, and check underneath ground debris for insects. We want to make a case that this area deserves protection."
One of ISMC's many activities is to conduct surveys of Northern California insect ecosystems. Clients participate in field surveys, learning contemporary science techniques and using authentic science equipment. Survey findings are published into regionally specific web guides, searchable photographic databases, and geographically relevant science learning aids. Learning aids are developed, distributed and modeled by ISMC staff.
Entomology graduate and undergraduate students and enthusiasts at the University of California, Davis, are expected to be among those participating. Dunbar hopes that the participants will find many insects, including native bees. Anyone interested in helping out can email Eddie Dunbar at email@example.com.
Further information:
Learn more about Knowland Park and the proposed zoo expansion at www.saveknowland.org


text:
|4:05 PM PT5:05 PM MT6:05 PM CT7:05 PM ET19:05 ET23:05 GMT7:05 4:05 PM MST6:05 PM EST6:35 PM VEN3:05 UAE (+1)6:05 PM CT, June 13, 2018
Yankee Stadium, Bronx, New York Attendance: 45,030
Teenage dream: Soto, 19, powers Nats' win at Yankee Stadium
MLB Headlines
- Trout to have season-ending foot surgery
- Twins try to get closer to Central title
- Athletics go for 11th win in 13 games
- Cubs host Pirates looking for sweep
- Surging Brewers set to take on Cardinals
By MIKE FITZPATRICK
NEW YORK (AP) Juan Soto is barely old enough to be in college, let alone lighting it up at Yankee Stadium.
The teenage rookie homered twice and drove in four runs, becoming the youngest player in 29 years to go deep in a regular-season game in the Bronx, and the Washington Nationals beat New York 5-4 on Wednesday night.
After getting a game off Tuesday, his first in three-plus weeks as a major leaguer, a refreshed Soto showed exactly why he was rated one of baseball's best prospects.
"I'll start off by saying, Soto is really good. How's that?" Nationals manager Dave Martinez said. "He understands the game. He understands good at-bats."
With family from New York in the crowd of 45,030, the 19-year-old outfielder from the Dominican Republic lofted a three-run homer into the left-field corner off Sonny Gray in the fourth inning to give Washington - shut out in its previous two games - a 4-3 lead.
Soto then launched a titanic shot in the seventh against Chasen Shreve (2-1), putting the Nationals back in front 5-4.
Projected at 436 feet, the drive soared to the back of a standing-room terrace above and beyond the Yankees' bullpen in right-center. It also ended a 23-inning scoreless streak for New York relievers and made Soto (19 years, 231 days old) the youngest player in Nationals history to have a multihomer game.
"Strong kid," Yankees manager Aaron Boone said.
Hall of Famer Ken Griffey Jr. was 19 years, 190 days old when he homered (also twice) for Seattle at old Yankee Stadium on May 30, 1989. Andruw Jones was 19 as well when he hit two home runs there for Atlanta in Game 1 of the 1996 World Series.
"It feels pretty good. Two good outfielders," Soto said. "I like that."
Called up from Double-A Harrisburg on May 20, Soto is batting .344 with five homers and 12 RBIs.
"He has power. Super young. Good hitter," Shreve said. "I didn't do my job. We lost the game because of it."
New York got a long home run from its own impressive rookie, 21-year-old Gleyber Torres, to tie it at 4 in the fifth. Greg Bird also hit a solo homer and Giancarlo Stanton had three hits for the Yankees, including an RBI single.
Adam Eaton and Matt Adams had three hits apiece for the Nationals, who made five outs on the bases but still won to split the two-game interleague series between World Series contenders. The teams meet again next Monday in Washington to complete a May 15 matchup suspended with the score tied 3-all in the sixth inning and to make up a May 16 rainout.
Justin Miller (4-0) struck out four in 1 2/3 innings on his 31st birthday.
"Pretty nice," Miller said. "I guess I'm just in the weeds - I keep snaking wins."
Sammy Solis knocked down Brett Gardner's comebacker with a runner on third for the final out of the seventh. Ryan Madson pitched out of trouble in the eighth and Sean Doolittle worked a perfect ninth for his 17th save in 18 chances.
New York lost for only the fifth time in its last 23 home games.
Nationals rookie Erick Fedde allowed four runs and six hits in five innings. Pitching in place of injured ace Stephen Strasburg, the right-hander was recalled from Triple-A Syracuse before the game to make his fifth major league start and second this season.
Soto became the youngest big leaguer with a multihomer game in the regular season since Jones against Cincinnati in August 1996 - and the youngest player with four RBIs since Hall of Famer Robin Yount was 19 for Milwaukee in 1975. "It's unbelievable, honestly," Fedde said. "Special kid and I'm excited to play with him hopefully for the next couple of years."
Nationals: As expected, Bryce Harper was back in the lineup after leaving Tuesday night's loss in the eighth inning when he was hit by a pitch for the second time. The slugger was plunked on the right elbow and left foot but said afterward he was fine and there were "no ill feelings at all." Washington pitchers made no apparent attempt to retaliate Wednesday. Harper went 0 for 4 with two strikeouts. ... Daniel Murphy (right knee surgery) was the DH again after going hitless Tuesday in his season debut. "He's ready to play, so we're going to play him. Nice to have that bat in the lineup," Martinez said. Murphy went 0 for 3 with a walk. ... Strasburg (right shoulder inflammation) is working out back home, Martinez said.
Yankees: Slumping catcher Gary Sanchez sat out for the second consecutive game, with backup Austin Romine catching Gray as usual. After a three-day breather, Sanchez will be back in the lineup Thursday, Boone said.
Nationals: Following a day off, Washington resumes its AL East road trip in Toronto with LHP Gio Gonzalez (6-2, 2.65 ERA) pitching Friday night against RHP Aaron Sanchez (3-5, 4.33).
Yankees: Still looking for his first major league win, rookie right-hander Domingo German (0-4, 5.32 ERA) starts Thursday night in the opener of a four-game series against Tampa Bay. LHP Blake Snell (8-3, 2.30) goes for the Rays.
More AP baseball: https://apnews.com/tag/MLBbaseball
Updated June 14, 2018


text:
A) Not everyone on staff agrees who should be the next president of the United States, and we act as a team.
B) I think it's weird when media organizations (especially ones not politically focused) endorse political candidates. Feels like a cry for attention when they should be helping people come to their own decisions.
C) We're a tech blog. There should be at least one place on the Internet where you can go to escape political news, and who gives a shit what we think of the election. Here's an important phone you should know about.
That all said, it's Election Eve, and I understand that people with similar interests like to talk about this sort of stuff. So let's talk about it here. Having trouble deciding? Want to talk out an important issue? Enjoy political conversations? Let's talk it out here.


text:
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Since its founding in 1986, Spectrum has been both a category leader and an industry innovator. In 2000, Spectrum was the first to introduce all-vegetable shortening containing no hydrogenated oils and zero trans-fats. In 2004, Spectrum relocated its flax processing facility to Cherokee, Iowa, establishing one of the largest plants of its kind in the U.S. This joint venture between Spectrum and an agricultural cooperative of family farmers of flaxseed ensures both a steady supply of high-quality product and supports sustainable agriculture and the family farm movement. Spectrum also contributes to the alternative bio-fuels industry by providing a bio-fuel research cooperative with the excess canola oil used to clean processing equipment. In 2007 the company was the first to offer a children's vegetarian DHA supplement made without fish oil.
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This is a great DHA for toddlers. I mix it right in my sons juice and he never hesitates to drink it right down (which was not the case with the flavored fish oils). It also has the doasage per ml that his pediatrician recommended.
Toddler DHA Omega-3 for Kids with Vitamin D Neutral Flavor - 1.8 oz.
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Brace yourselves, because Dashboard is about to get a whole lot shinier and flashier.
When it was introduced as part of Tiger, the eye-candy factor was quite high, even compared to Konfabulator. With a few years of Dashboard under its belt, Apple is ratcheting up Dashboard's graphics once again, presumably for Leopard. They've recently applied for a patent on "Multiple Dashboards" that highlights some of the upcoming graphical and functionality changes, and boy are there a lot of them.
To save you some time reading, the patent application essentially describes a system of "virtual Dashboards," in the same way that you can have virtual desktops. Each dashboard would have its own set of widgets, which can either have settings specific to that Dashboard or globally. Dashboards could also be shared among users, and have other access controls set. Given the number of widgets out there today, this seems like it would be pretty handy, since I imagine there are a lot of crowded Dashboards out there.
Of course, you need some shiny new graphics to go along with the new functionality. The patent application lists a number of methods by which these new multiple Dashboards would be accessed, the coolest of which is a 3D cube. Basically, each Dashboard would be one face of a cube, and the cube could be rotated along various axes to see all the Dashboards. Cool, eh?
The patent suggests that there would be some type of key or scroll-bar to rotate the cube, as well as the ability to assign each Dashboard to a different key combination. There are a few other graphical methods proposed, including a "Rolodex" and a "carousel." Finally, the patent also suggests a tabbed interface and a type of configuration bar could be used in the future, where users could click on tabs or buttons to activate different desktops.
I'm glad to see Apple continuing to work on Dashboard and to see all the new features (and there's a lot of cool stuff in the application) they're dreaming up, but I think they're missing the area that actually needs improvement. I personally never use Dashboard because it's ridiculously slow (with only 6 widgets), and I suspect I'm not alone in that sentiment. Dashboard usually takes a few seconds to pop up, and a few more for all the widgets to wake up and get oriented, which drives me absolutely nuts. I can't imagine how adding more widgets, more Dashboards, and more graphical tricks will make the Dashboard system any snappier. Sure, there will be lots of eye candy, but I'd really like to see Apple work on the functionality first and the UI second, at least for upcoming releases.


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I recently learned that apparently, it is common for people to attempt SQL injections using the HTTP referrer in PHP. What other inputs do I need to protect against? I am currently "cleaning up" incoming $_GET[] and $_POST[], and now the server's referrer. I am also removing HTML from things like user names, and of course before I do anything I am removing invalid UTF8. (At present I am not dealing with UTF7.)
There is a large number of vulnerabilities and attacks that impact the security of your application. You can start with a list of the most common and critical ones and OWASP Top 10 is the most popular resource containing detailed information and excellent cheat sheets for a quick start.
Vulnerabilities come from insecure development practices so here is the OWASP Secure Coding Practices Quick Reference Guide in a checklists format. Implementation of these practices will mitigate most common software vulnerabilities.
Your questions is about input validation which is only a part of the problem you are trying to solve. Securing your web application is not an exact science where a complete list of all possible issues and fixes can be defined and implemented.
But still, input validation is one of the most effective technical controls for application security. It can mitigate numerous vulnerabilities including cross-site scripting, various forms of injection, and some buffer overflows.
Variables used to acquire user-supplied in PHP:
Holy crap, that's one hell of an answer. Bravo! – Polynomial Jan 9 '13 at 23:38
Thanks, I'm experimenting with different types of answers. – Cristian Dobre Jan 10 '13 at 21:48
You missed making sure you are using parameterized queries for database queries. It's better than escaping or blacklisting characters, no reason you can't still filter the input too though. – ewanm89 Jan 13 '13 at 13:34
- First and foremost is the Remote code execution
This can be anywhere in your code or even a php vulnerability at it's core. The attacker can find an rpc call or through globals and run any code on your remote machine on a machine level
- Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
This way the attacker can inject javascript code on your site and allow him to retrieve cookies and other useful information that would very easily compromise your site. Look here to see how common an attack this is.
- Other information
You should configure your application in a way that when a problem occurs no information is provided to the attacker. Username enumeration is such, which means that a backend service provides the attacker with a true or false answer like invalid password or username does not exists making you vulnerable to brute force attacks
- DoS vulnerabilities
Many times your application may fail due to some piece of code that allows as many requests from the user as he/she wants. Other times this is the problem of some faulty code that requires much more time to run than it should. The latter is a very common vulnerability that most of the times requires an update to work.
I hope this helps.
Thanks for the reply. I'm not seeing how RCE is a risk that I can change my code to protect against. I use only my own PHP code i.e. no libraries etc. – Frank E Jan 8 '13 at 16:34
As for password attacks, I'm using the PHP sleep function to delay the response to a log in attempt. I suppose I should double the sleep duration with each attempt... – Frank E Jan 8 '13 at 16:36
Regarding DoS, perhaps I can put an upper cap on the number of HTTP requests per minute per IP address. – Frank E Jan 8 '13 at 16:38
@FrankE - Using sleep to delay a login won't help. You can start say 1000 login attempts, each one will wait but they wait "together". To get a delay you have to store the last login attempt time in a database, and block all following attempts in a certain period. – martinstoeckli Jan 8 '13 at 22:57
RCE is always a problem. Custom code can solve RCE in many cases. i.e. If the users can upload images, files and post data, there must be some code to check for Embedded code in user files. Check timthumb vulnerability to see what's what, it's a very good example. – Athanasios Kataras Jan 9 '13 at 7:43


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North America
See how Jacobs technology is still made in America, even as our engine brakes can be found all over the world. With more than 50 years of working closely with engine brake manufacturers, innovation drives Jacobs Vehicle Systems®.
Vehicle and valve control have always been the inspiration for Jacobs Vehicle Systems®, ever since the first Jake Brake® revolutionized the trucking industry 50 years ago.
Jacobs Vehicle System® serves companies across China, including FAW, Chery, SDEC and CNHTC. Here, you can see how Jacobs works with engine manufacturers on cost-effectively technology just right for their application.
The long-standing partnerships that Jacobs has developed with Japanese companies have translated into engineering breakthroughs that drive innovation across the world.
Hyundai Motor Company and Doosan Infracore are just two of the Korean companies who trust Jacobs Vehicle Systems™ to make great advances possible their next generation of engines.
New, higher speed limits designed to reduce congestion in a rapidly developing country pose road safety and efficiency challenges for fleets across India.
Global Markets
Global Markets | Jacobs Vehicle Systems
With an international customer base, Jacobs Vehicle Systems™ can be found on some of the world's leading brands. View the technologies and solutions available in each global market.
Exhaust Brakes
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Exhaust Brakes
The Jacobs Exhaust Brake® uses exhaust back pressure to dramatically increase your braking power by restricting the flow of exhaust gases and increasing back pressure inside the engine.
Exhaust Brakes
Model ZQ01 | Jacobs and CNHTC
The advanced technology, constant back pressure exhaust brake provides extra engine braking for the HOWO A7 truck. Jacobs uses a special spring to balance the back pressure...
Exhaust Brakes
Model YQ01 | Jacobs and FAW
Jacobs offers three products on FAW's 8.6L, 12.5L and 11L engines. Jacobs' J6 bleeder brake is standard equipment on the 8.6 liter engine for FAW's dump truck model.
Bleeder Brakes
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Bleeder Brakes
In our bleeder brakes, the integrated design in the high pressure fuel rail allows for Jake Brake® technology without the added weight or height.
Bleeder Brakes
Model 2400 | Jacobs and Deutz
Developed in partnership with Deutz.
Bleeder Brakes
Model 2500 | Jacobs and FAW
The FAW Wuxi Diesel Engine ranks at the top of China engine producers, according to 2011 figures released by the company.
Bleeder Brakes
Model 2700 | Jacobs and SDEC
SDEC is the diesel engine provider to a wide range of truck builders. Jacobs supplies a bleeder brake and exhaust brake combination for the 9DF engine.
Compression Release Brakes
Compression Release Brake | Jacobs Vehicle Systems
The Compression Release Brake takes the load off the foundation brakes
Compression Release Brakes
Intebrake | Jacobs and Cummins
Jacobs engine brakes are integrated into the entire line of ISX engines, including the ISX 15, today's market share leader for the Class 8 commercial vehicle market.
Compression Release Brakes
Model 411 | Jacobs and XCEC
Jacobs works with XCEC, the Xi'an Cummins Engine Company, to produce the engine brake for the 11 liter heavy duty engine, which is produced in western China.
Compression Release Brakes
Model 5783A | Jacobs and International
Jacobs and International collaborated to increase engine braking performance by up to 67% at lower engine speeds utilizing the new Variable Geometry Turbo. This engine update improves driveability, increases foundation brake life, and lowers TCO.
Compression Release Brakes
MX 13 | Jacobs and DAF/PACCAR
The MX 13, which launched in 2010, features a Jacobs Engine Brake with an integrated compression-release brake and engine overhead.
Compression Release Brakes
Model 720 / 721 | Daimler, Detroit Diesel and Jacobs
The DD13, DD15 and DD16 engines feature Jacobs' trademark Jake Brake® as standard equipment on this global engine platform.
Compression Release Brakes
Model 2810 | C&C Trucks and Jacobs
Jacobs works with C&C, a new truck company that is a Joint Venture between Chery and CIMC.
New Technology
New Technology at Jacobs Vehicle Systems™
By creating a hydraulic link between the cam and the valve, Variable Valve Actuation precisely tunes the engine across its operating range.
New Technology
High Power Density (HPD)
The Jacobs' Two-stroke Engine Brake for High Power Density Engines realizes up to 1.5 times the available braking performance of a conventional compression release engine brake.
New Technology
Variable Valve Actuation
Precision Valve Actuation and control systems from Jacobs bring you an entire suite of solutions to help achieve performance, fuel economy and emissions targets.
New Technology
ADT (Active Decompression Technology)
For Start-Up and Shutdown Engine Strategies When drivers expressed frustration with anti-idling regulations, Jacobs' engineers developed a device to improve start-up and shutdown engine technology.
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Engine Retarding and Positive Performance Technology
Learn how Jacobs engineers are solving critical performance challenges with forward-thinking technology for engine retarding, emissions, and positive power levels.
Technician Guides
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Technician Guides
This Jake Brake® Troubleshooting Information will help you resolve engine brake trouble questions.
Service Locations
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Service Locations
The Jacobs Engine Brake® and Jacobs Exhaust Brake® products are sold and serviced through engine manufacturers worldwide.
Tools & Wizards
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Tools and Wizards
The following tools and wizards can help you find the parts to service your Jake Brake®. Note: This is a duplicate page and is necessary to keep the Tools and Wizards page easily accessible for you as a part of the navigation menu.
General Service Literature
Jacobs General Literature
Jacobs quick reference sheets for customers.
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | FAQs
View the following frequently asked questions to learn more about parts, service and support for your Jacobs Vehicle Systems™ product.
How An Engine Brake Works
Replacement Part Limited Warranty for Online Purchases
Parts, Service & Support
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Parts, Service and Support
In this section, you'll find a part number cross-reference tool, parts and service literature, service locations, and answers to frequently asked questions for your Jacobs product.
Press Releases
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Press Releases
View press releases from Jacobs Vehicle Systems and visit our website to learn more about pioneering engine braking technology.
Jacobs to Introduce Cylinder Deactivation (CDA) Technology at IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair
Lower emissions and improved fuel economy gained through a new application of Jacobs' well-proven valve actuation technology.
Jacobs Introduces 2-Step VVA System to Enhance Engine Performance and Efficiency
Bloomfield, CT, USA - Jacobs Vehicle Systems®, the world's leading manufacturer of heavy-duty diesel engine retarding systems and valve actuation mechanisms, has launched a new 2-Step Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) system.
Jacobs and Hino Motors, Ltd. Sign Long-Term Agreement
Jacobs Vehicle Systems®, the world's leading manufacturer of diesel and natural gas engine retarding systems and valve actuation mechanisms, has signed a long-term supply agreement with Hino Motors, Ltd. which will last through 2025.
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Events and Tradeshows
Visit us at an upcoming event and tradeshows.
ATA Management Conference & Exhibition (MCE)
Visit us in Austin, TX in October!
67th IAA Commercial Vehicles Show
Join us in Hannover, Germany for the 67th IAA Show.
Truckers Jamboree
Join us at the I-80 Truckers Jamboree!
Truck World
Meet us at Truck World April 19-21, 2018.
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | RSS Feed
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News & Events
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | News and Events
View the latest news and events from Jacobs Vehicle Systems, which is based in Bloomfield, CT, and serves clients across North America, China, Japan, Korea and the world.
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Pioneer in Engine Braking Technology
Jacobs Vehicle Systems remains the leader, providing the highest quality, highest performance engine brakes on the market.
Our Customers
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Our Customers
View specific examples of how Jacobs has integrated new solutions for our engine manufacturing customers, including Hino, Hyundai, Navistar, Paccar and SDEC.
Why Jacobs
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Engine Retarding and Valve Actuation Technology
Jacobs is the only company in the engine retarding industry that partners with leading diesel engine manufacturers in development, testing and after sales support.
Management Team
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Management Team
Meet the management team at Jacobs Vehicle Systems™, who bring experience in engineering, management, business development and human resources.
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Locations
Jacobs Vehicle Systems™ has locations in North America, Europe and Asia.
Career Opportunities
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Career Opportunities
View the latest career opportunities at Jacobs Vehicle Systems™, and learn more about what it means to be a part of our team.
Current Openings
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Current Job Openings
If you are highly motivated, committed to quality, value customer satisfaction and continuous improvement, passionate for achieving measurable results--we want you on our team.
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Environmental Health & Safety
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Environmental Health & Safety
Jacobs Vehicle Systems is ISO 14001 Certified, and a facility dedicated to the protection of the environment, and protection of the health & safety of our employees.
Noise Concerns
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Noise Concerns - Questions and Answers
This page has been established to inform interested parties about engine exhaust noise, and provide the data and information necessary to understand the issue.
Noise Concerns White Paper
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Noise Concerns White Paper
This page has been established to inform interested parties about engine exhaust noise, and provide the data and information necessary to understand the issue.
Contractor and Visitor Safety Policy
Contractors are a critical aspect of our daily operations at JVS. That is why we hold all Contractors, Visitors and Suppliers to the same EHS expectations as our own employees
ISO Certifications
Download Jacobs Vehicle Systems ISO Certification
Environmental Achievements
JVS is committed to improving our ecological impact by actively pursuing ways to protect and sustain our environment. Here are a few highlights of our achievements.
About Us
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Improved Performance, Lowered Costs, Lowered Emissions, Increased Safety
Innovations from engine brake manufacturer Jacobs Vehicle Systems™ have helped improve performance, lower costs, lower emissions and increase safety for more than 50 years.
Supplier Quality
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Supplier Quality
These documents outline Jacobs Vehicle Systems' requirements for suppliers, including the supplier deviation request and the supplier change request.
Jacobs LTL Routing Guide
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Less Than Truckload Routing Guide
The Jacobs LTL Routing Guide states that suppliers are required to use the primary carrier unless otherwise directed and approved by their Purchasing contact at Jacobs.
Comprehensive Supplier Evaluation Report
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Comprehensive Supplier Evaluation Report
Access the Jacobs Vehicle Systems Comprehensive Supplier Evaluation Report.
General Terms and Conditions
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Terms and Conditions
View the General Terms and Conditions for suppliers to Jacobs.
JVS PPAP Workbook
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | JVS Supplier PPAP Workbook
The JVS Supplier PPAP Workbook is used for Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) submissions.
Standard Terms & Conditions for Purchase of Capital Equipment
Jacobs Vehicle Systems | Suppliers
Jacobs Vehicle Systems partners with suppliers who can guarantee high quality parts, reliable product delivery, and sound operational practices
NEWS: Sep 06, 2018
Jacobs to Introduce Cylinder Deactivation (CDA) Technology at IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair
Lower emissions and improved fuel economy gained through a new application of Jacobs' well-proven valve actuation technology.
NEWS: Jul 17, 2018
Jacobs Introduces 2-Step VVA System to Enhance Engine Performance and Efficiency
Bloomfield, CT, USA - Jacobs Vehicle Systems®, the world's leading manufacturer of heavy-duty diesel engine retarding systems and valve actuation mechanisms, has launched a new 2-Step Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) system.
NEWS: Jul 17, 2018
Jacobs and Hino Motors, Ltd. Sign Long-Term Agreement
Jacobs Vehicle Systems®, the world's leading manufacturer of diesel and natural gas engine retarding systems and valve actuation mechanisms, has signed a long-term supply agreement with Hino Motors, Ltd. which will last through 2025.
Learn more about JVS technology and partnerships.
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