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State of the City Address
Building Our Future Together
Shotgun Players
July 22, 2019
Thank you Councilmember Ben Bartlett for your warm introduction and for your ongoing efforts to lift up the South Berkeley community. District 3 and the entire City of Berkeley is fortunate to have such a visionary leader.
It is wonderful to see so many Berkeley residents, business owners, and community leaders here tonight.
I also want to acknowledge my fellow elected officials, our City Manager Dee Williams-Ridley, and the heads of several City departments who are in attendance.
Thank you to The Plant Library, a full-service plant rental company serving the Bay Area, for their generosity in letting us use these beautiful plants you see here on stage. Check them out at theplantlibrary.com
Thank you to Berkeley Community Media for broadcasting tonight's address. We are livestreaming the speech and we are airing it on cable Channel 33.
I am delighted that Shotgun Players agreed to host this event. Shotgun Players' commitment to our community and our environment is emblematic of our Berkeley values. The organization was founded in 1992 with the goal of providing bold, thought-provoking theatre at an affordable cost. And they continue to push the envelope to this day.
This Ashby location has been Shotgun's home since 2004, and in 2007, it became the first 100% solar-powered live theater in the country.
Most importantly, Shotgun Players care passionately about our arts community, which is one of the foundational building blocks of Berkeley. We have over 150 arts non-profits here, and together they generate over $165 million in annual economic activity, bring thousands of visitors to our city, and help make Berkeley one of the most vibrant arts communities in the world.
But this was not always the case. In the early 1990s there was no Downtown Arts District, and existing art organizations were considering leaving the city due to lack of space and city support. Yet instead of giving up, artists worked with the City to come up with a plan to increase investment in the arts. It worked. Though both public and private investment, we created the Addison Street Arts District home to world class performing arts organizations such as the Berkeley Rep and Aurora Theater, and provided the tools needed for the arts to thrive through the Civic Arts Grants Program. 25 years later, that vision has been realized through one of the most energetic and vibrant arts communities in the world.
But we are only getting started.
We must build on this incredible base and expand our creative capacity as a City by supporting the arts in the most inclusive way possible. The arts must be a resource for cross-cultural education and a conduit for lifting up and empowering historically marginalized communities.
To begin to achieve this vision, we recently updated the City of Berkeley's Arts and Culture Plan. The plan is a roadmap for how to strengthen our arts community in the years to come.
The first goal of this new plan is to create affordable housing and workspace for artists. We know that rising real estate prices have pushed artists out of our community, people like Mildred Howard whose family has called Berkeley home for generations. We must create more affordable housing and work space for artists if we are to continue our commitment to being a diverse, creative and inclusive city.
We are excited to be partnering with the Berkeley Repertory Theater, which recently secured funding for the development of a 45-unit apartment for artists, with groundbreaking expected this fall and completion in Spring 2021. As the city is launching its Measure O bond program and updating land use regulations, we should incentivize affordable live-work space for artists.
Our Civic Arts Commission continues to provide critical grants for our artists and arts festivals. Our Civic Arts Grants Program has been expanded to support large, medium and small arts organizations, and individual artists. As real estate prices increase, arts organizations are struggling to say in Berkeley, and need additional support. The expansion of the program is due to the dedicated service of the Arts Commission and recent funding provided by the City Council. Two years ago during our budget adoption, I proposed to increasing the Arts Grants to $500,000, the largest amount the city has ever provided for the arts. The arts are not only important to the cultural life of our city, but are a major economic engine. Investment in the arts is an important economic development strategy. Last month when we adopted the FY 2020-2021 budget we continued this new baseline so that we can expand the number of arts organizations served. This program provides an essential lifeline for dozens of artists and organizations.
But we all must do more to ensure the Arts, that really all the joys and opportunities of a modern city are available to everyone here, not just those of privilege.
Because, sadly, while we continue to celebrate the beauty and richness of Berkeley's diverse communities, many of the streets outside of our most vibrant art venues are lined with tents, tents inhabited by those our city and our society have, so far, failed to help.
We can't truly build Berkeley's future together if we don't include everyone in that future. And that's why addressing homelessness is one of my top priorities. And I know you share that priority.
It's understood that our region, and the entire West Coast, is experiencing an unprecedented crisis. Homelessness has risen in Alameda County by 43% over the past two years and unsheltered homelessness--those living full-time on the streets--has increased by 63%. It is estimated that on any given year there are 2,000 homeless in Berkeley, with around 1% of our city's population on the streets each night. This tragedy is the result of a collective societal failure to take care of those who are most in need of help.
One of my first major initiatives as Mayor was the creation of the Pathways Project. Working with Councilmember Sophie Hahn, our Health, Housing and Community Services Department, and various stakeholders in the homeless community, we developed a plan to address the crisis on our streets, reduce the impact of encampments on businesses and residents, and to create an unbroken path from the streets into housing.
In last year's State of the City address I shared that we had achieved a major milestone in our Pathways Project, the opening of the STAIR center, the Berkeley's first ever year-round, low-barrier shelter that provides intensive wrap-around and housing navigation services.
But the STAIR Center is much more than a shelter. Here, homeless people are assigned a caseworker connects clients to mental health, drug treatment, employment assistance and ultimately connect them to permanent housing or reunify them with their families. The Center also provides housing support after people transition out of the Navigation Center. After 13 months in operation, I'm happy to report that 170 people have used a STAIR bed, 102 people have been housed, and among those, 93% have been able to retain their housing.
An October 2018 San Francisco Chronicle article profiled two STAIR Center clients Sarah Smith and Zach Minjarez. They both had been homeless in Berkeley for many years and were living under the University Avenue freeway overpass. An outreach worker from Bay Area Community Services (BACS) visited them and invited them to move into the STAIR facility. They were one of the first to take them up on the offer. After years of living on the street, they wanted to move indoors into a real home. After 3 months living at the STAIR Center, Smith and Minjarez were able to move into a studio apartment in Oakland's Fruitvale District. The rent was made possible by a loan program through Alameda County Behavioral Health Care that supports individuals who are eligible for public benefits.
The Chronicle quoted Minjarez: "Just to have a key and to be able to open your door and know that everything is the same as you left it, I'm ecstatic right now, I don't have words to describe it. It's a new start."
"I didn't believe it was going to be possible," said Minjarez, a Berkeley native who told me he's been homeless on and off since he was 16. "But it's working out."
Another milestone of the Pathways Project, was the release of the 1,000 Person Plan which was recently presented to the City Council. The plan outlines how Berkeley can provide permanent housing for the existing unsheltered population and how to create a housing program which rapidly rehouses people so no one experiences homelessness on our streets, achieving what is called "functional zero". It proposes to re tool our shelter system into a Navigation Center model, similar to the STAIR Center program. While the report is sobering, it provides us with much needed data and an ambitious plan to help guide our work towards Housing First.
Additionally, we recently added another nightly shelter for 50 individuals in the Veterans Building. Dorothy Day House, the shelter's operator, will soon offer daytime and lunch services, providing additional respite from the street. I want to thank Councilmembers Cheryl Davila and Rigel Robinson for helping make this project possible and for their unwavering support for our unhoused neighbors.
This year, we also increased our mental health outreach, and launched our new Downtown Streets Team, which provides job training and helps us keep our streets cleaner, and enhanced cleanup of litter and installed portable restrooms in highly impacted areas of our city.
Making these investments and helping the most vulnerable among us--while it's always worthwhile, it's never easy. After more than 30 years of diminishing resources from the State and Federal governments, and in the midst of the ongoing housing crisis across the region, cities have been forced to make increasingly difficult choices between paying for city services or helping those in crisis. This is not a choice that cities should have to bear.
But Berkeley is Berkeley, and we have a heart. So when voters were asked to approve Measure P in 2018, to generate $6-8 million annually for homeless and related services by increasing the transfer tax on the most expensive properties in Berkeley, we voted YES by a margin of 73%. This Measure will fund critical homeless and mental health programs, ensure the continued success of the STAIR Center, increase mental health outreach, open more shelter beds and lockers, support vital drug treatment, job training, and employee assistance services and ultimately connect more people to permanent housing.
Thank you to the people of Berkeley for your generosity and for doing your part to build Berkeley's future. Most importantly, thank you for your compassion and willingness, again, to help the most vulnerable in our community.
As we sit here tonight in South Berkeley, a neighborhood which was the heart of Berkeley's African American community, and one with a rich cultural history, we know that this neighborhood is undergoing dramatic changes as home prices and rents increase, businesses close, and long-time residents are being forced out of the area due to displacement. The very fabric of this neighborhood and our city is threatened by a growing housing affordability crisis.
As an example of the dramatic demographic changes occurring, Berkeley's African American population has plummeted from 20% in the 1970s to less than 8% today, with South Berkeley being especially burdened by the impacts of gentrification and displacement. This is in part due to years of insufficient action and an unwillingness to address the critical need of affordable housing.
The creation of new affordable housing is a necessary component of any vision to address the housing and homeless crisis. It is an essential part of our efforts to help those who have made Berkeley what it is continue to stay here and thrive. But we must also accept the reality that housing alone is not enough. That is why we are making our city's biggest investment ever in anti-displacement programs, services that will help keep people in their homes so they don't end up on the streets.
This year, Berkeley is investing $900,000 annually, including:
$550,000 to the East Bay Community Law Center and Eviction Defense Center to provide legal representation and counseling for tenants facing eviction;
$250,000 for our Housing Retention Program to provide one time cash grants for people facing eviction; and
$100,000 to the Flexible Housing Subsidy Pool to provide rehousing assistance to persons experiencing homelessness.
With this additional funding, hundreds more Berkeley renters will have access to services that could mean the difference between living in a home and living in the streets. This funding was a result of Measure U1, passed by Berkeley voters in 2016 which is an increased tax on large property owners to support general municipal services such as funding to prevent homelessness and create new affordable housing.
In a 2018 community survey, a plurality of residents stated that building affordable housing is the most important issue facing Berkeley. I agree, which is why we embarked on developing a $135 million bond for the development of affordable housing for low-income households, working families, and individuals including teachers, seniors, veterans, the homeless, and persons with disabilities. Thanks to the Berkeley voters, Measure O won by a landslide. As a result, we have secured an unprecedented amount of funds that can be matched to develop hundreds of units of affordable housing over the next few years.
Along with Measure U1, Measure O is yet more evidence that the voters want to ensure Berkeley is a place everyone can call home – and for generations to come.
Several projects that will be funded in part by Measure O are shovel ready today:
The 142 unit Berkeley Way Project, located at the site of a current parking lot in Downtown, is the largest permanent supportive housing project in Berkeley history.
89 units of this project will be reserved for people below 60% area median income, which equates to a salary below $52,000.
53 units will be permanent supportive housing for homeless people and those with disabilities.
It will also include temporary and transitional housing along with a hub for social service providers including health care, mental health and housing navigation.
Groundbreaking will take place next year, with the opening in early 2022.
Another project at 1601 Oxford St will provide 35 units of low-income senior housing in North Berkeley. Construction is expected by the end of the year with its opening in early 2021.
Thank you to the Berkeley Food and Housing Project and SAHA for your efforts in making these projects a reality.
The city is also launching a Request for Proposals for the remaining Measure O dollars, and the Measure O Bond Oversight Committee will be reviewing proposals and making recommendations with the goal of making our funding awards this December.
In addition, last year Berkeley launched its Small Sites Program to provide financing for the acquisition and rehabilitation of smaller multi-unit properties to preserve affordability, with particular focus on conversion to limited-equity cooperatives. The Bay Area Community Land Trust is the first non-profit to receive funding through the Small Sites Program for a property at 1638 Stuart Street. Working in partnership with the McGee Avenue Baptist Church, BACLT is converting a long vacant church-owned apartment building and cottage into permanently affordable housing. This project, hopefully the first of many, shows how through creative partnerships with the City, non-profits and community we can find ways to address our affordability and displacement crisis. My goal is to grow the Small Sites Program to up to $10 million in funding to grow our capacity to preserve affordable housing.
While creating housing for our most vulnerable residents, we must also make sure that our workforce is not being priced out of this city. Those who work in Berkeley should be able to afford to live here.
That is why we are partnering with the Berkeley Unified School District in creating a plan for educator workforce housing. Teachers and staff are best able to help their students when they are a part of the community. We have heard way too many stories of teachers being forced to move to the outer edges of the Bay Area due to the high cost of housing, often commuting over two hours a day to get to and from work. This has a major impact on their ability to prepare for each day in the classroom. To best support the people who teach and work with our students every day, we need to bring our teachers back home to the community they serve. Measure O will also help achieve this reality.
Measure O set a goal of achieving at least 10% reserved affordable housing out of the total number of housing units by the year 2030. This is an ambitious goal to create thousands of additional affordable units, but with new funding opportunities available on the local, regional and state level, we have an unprecedented opportunity to create affordable homes and help stem the tide of displacement. Working together, we can achieve this goal, and build a better future for everyone in Berkeley.
Our vision for housing also includes transit-oriented development--housing close to public transit hubs that it is equitable, sustainable and affordable.
To that end, for the past four years, the community has been engaged in a process to develop a vision for the future of the Adeline Corridor, including the parking lots around the Ashby BART Station. This plan can undo the years of physical separation created by the BART development.
In the 1960s when the BART system was in development, there was concern about how its construction would rip apart the fabric of the neighborhood, resulting in de facto segregation with the tracks creating a physical boundary between neighborhoods west of Adeline and more affluent neighborhoods to the east. But this is Berkeley and we like to do things differently. The neighborhood organized to oppose this plan, and through the leadership of people like Mable Howard, they were able to work with the City Council, led by Republican Mayor Wallace Johnson, to place a tax measure on the ballot to fund the undergrounding of the BART tracks. 83% of Berkeley voters agreed on this bipartisan measure, creating the legacy we see today.
That story shows the power of our community. And we see that reflective in our draft Adeline Corridor Plan. For the past four years, the City has been working with the people of South Berkeley in developing a vision for the future of Adeline Corridor. This community-driven process has resulted in the creation of a draft plan that focuses on equity and sustainability.
To preserve the diversity of South Berkeley, we are calling for 50% of new development to be affordable.
And at Ashby BART, I am advocating for 100% affordability.
Ashby BART would also be home to a new plaza that will serve as a community gathering space, including space for the flea market. Public land should be used to serve the people.
The Adeline Corridor Plan is more than about creating housing. It is about investing in the community. We want to provide the tools needed for events such as the Juneteenth Festival to thrive. We want to develop the African American Holistic Resource Center as a way to remove the inequities and disparities faced by the African American community. I also want to see a right of return policy to allow those who have been displaced to come back home.
The proposed plan will see major improvements to important thoroughfares and intersections in the area. Adeline Street was originally designed to be used as a multimodal route, but today it is a mecca for cars. It's time to move away from what was the transportation policies of the 1950s and redesign the road so that it is safe and accessible for everyone, whether you walk, bike, or take the bus.
Let us create a vision for South Berkeley that is based on Berkeley values. I look forward to working with you in making this a reality.
Now, we turn to North Berkeley BART, where we have a rare opportunity to transform acres of underutilized space into a vibrant and diverse neighborhood.
Over the past 16 months we have worked together through a robust public process to define a vision that enhances the qualities of the surrounding neighborhood and takes advantage of this rare opportunity. Hundreds of neighbors and housing advocates have worked together to create a vision of affordable housing, open space connecting the Ohlone Greenway, and a transportation network that serves the needs of both the neighborhood, BART commuters, and our city.
Thank you to former Councilmember Linda Maio, Council Members Rashi Kesarwani and Ben Bartlett, BART, and members of the community - especially those who spent countless hours developing their visions for the future of these stations.
And as our community grows, it puts pressure on our existing infrastructure. Growth pressure, combined with an evolution in transportation alternatives have created a transportation safety crisis.
Any death or serious injury of a pedestrian or cyclist is preventable and unacceptable.
I remember the shock and pain of learning our friends, School Board President Judy Appel and her wife Alison Bernstein, were critically injured when they were hit by a car in a crosswalk in January of this year. They are making remarkable progress and, on behalf of the community, I wish them full speed and strength in their recovery.
Again, this increase in pedestrian and bicycle accidents is unacceptable. My budget recommendations for FY 20/21 address this crisis. We are allocating significant funds for improving safety on particularly hazardous roads and intersections.
The City also made a serious investment in safety by securing funding to implement Vision Zero. This project has a simple, but ambitious premise - to eliminate all pedestrian and cyclist deaths and serious injuries from car crashes. In order to build toward this goal, we launched a Task Force this year to identify ways to improve the safety of our streets in an equitable, transparent, and data-driven manner. The Vision Zero Task Force will be making recommendations to the Council in the fall. I want to thank Councilmember Lori Droste for her leadership on this issue.
In recent years we have also seen the unfortunate increase in severe fire storm devastation in urban and residential areas such as Santa Rosa and Paradise.
History tells us that what happened there can also happen here. In 1923 a wildfire ravaged the Berkeley Northside neighborhood, only stopping at the edge of downtown thanks to an aggressive mutual aid response and shifting winds. The more recent 1991 Oakland Hills firestorm is still fresh in our memories and the scars are still visible in the hills.
But there is much we can do to prepare and prevent the next big fire.
Earlier this year I joined Governor Gavin Newsom in announcing the North Orinda Fuel Break, a major project along the East Bay Hills to reduce unsafe vegetation and provide more firefighting resources to reduce the threat of fires along the wildland-urban interface.
Thank you Vice-Mayor Susan Wengraf and Fire Chief Dave Brannigan for your ongoing work on fire safety and preparedness and proposing new funding for vegetation management, emergency training, and communications.
No matter how much we prepare though, the threat of wildfires will always exist. So it is up to all of us to take steps to reduce fire hazards at our homes and be ready to take action during an emergency. Our future depends on it.
Our future also depends on a healthy climate. And Berkeley has always been, and will continue to be a leader in climate action.
Earlier this year we made national headlines by becoming the first, but certainly not the last city in America to pass a Single Use Disposable Foodware Ordinance. This will assist businesses in shifting away from environmentally harmful single use disposable foodware and toward reusable products, which in turn will help us achieve our zero waste goals.
I want to thank Councilmember Sophie Hahn for her leadership on this ordinance, and also to the 3rd grade students of the zero waste class at Oxford Elementary. They proved to the adults that we can create a zero waste environment and showed that despite their age, they are ready to lead on climate change.
Last year, the Berkeley City Council adopted two important policy positions: we declared a Climate Emergency due to the worsening climate impacts, and adopted a policy to make Berkeley a Fossil Fuel Free city by the year 2030. Soon after Berkeley's action, neighboring cities adopted Climate Emergency declarations. The fires last year and the poor air quality are an example that we are already experiencing the devastating impacts of climate change. We must recognize that this is a climate emergency and take bold action to reduce our emissions, advance resilience, decarbonize the grid and promote a just transition of our economy. I want to thank Councilmember Cheryl Davila for bringing these important policies to the City Council.
As recently as July 16th, Berkeley, once again, made history by adopting an ordinance that prohibits the use of natural gas in new buildings, effective January 1, 2020. This law, the first in the nation, would prohibit newly constructed buildings from including natural gas infrastructure and would require them to shift to all electric. By promoting electrification, we cutting off our reliance on fossil fuels which wreak havoc on our climate and environment and are highly volatile. This is a necessary step to implement our Climate Emergency declaration and our Climate Action Plan.
Thank you Councilmember Kate Harrison for all your hard work in crafting this visionary policy and for bringing this important issue to the City Council.
There are so many other climate challenges that our planet will experience as a result of human exploitation. For our part, at least here in Berkeley, I am grateful for the passion of our community in taking these challenges head-on. Your commitment is truly making a difference.
As we look to the future, we are creating a vision for Berkeley -- what we are calling Vision 2050 -- that is green, modern, and efficient.
In 2018, 85% of voters approved an advisory measure calling for my office to work with residents and experts to develop a 30-year plan for implementation of climate-smart, technologically-advanced, integrated and efficient infrastructure to support a safe, vibrant and resilient future for Berkeley.
Over the past year my office has led the Vision 2050 Task Force, which is dedicated to implementing step one of this process.
While there are dozens of people volunteering on the Task Force, I want to specifically thank former Councilmember Gordon Wozniak, and Commissioners Ray Yep and Margo Schueler for their leadership. We are aiming for their report to be presented in December, so stay tuned.
Now, while we're thinking big in terms of our environment, and our planet, we're also making sure that we're getting to the nuts and bolts of local government too.
This is the summer of paving... we're paving 40 roads covering 6.6 miles, including some of those "bad actors" called out by many Berkeleyans.
Roads that serve as bus routes and bicycle boulevards are continuing to be prioritized.
Measure T1 projects are well underway, providing a $100 million investment upgrading our aging infrastructure. From retrofitting our community and senior centers to renovating park facilities, the City is currently on 34 different projects in phase one of the T1 implementation. The people's investment by voting for this bond in 2016 will pay off in ensuring that future generations have access to safe and resilient roads and public facilities. These improvements have been pending for years due to lack of funding.
One major T1 project is the long overdue repaving of University Ave at the Marina. If San Francisco's Lombard Street is known for being the crookedest street in the world, University Ave could be up for contention for bumpiest street in the world. But in 2020, the stretch will be replaced with a new smooth road leading people to and from the Waterfront.
This is just one of many exciting projects we have lined up at the Marina. We are embarking on the creation of the Berkeley Marina Area Specific Plan, to create a new vision for our Waterfront. This major investment will help ensure that we have a Marina that will be a world-class destination for generations to come.
Perhaps the most exciting future project at the Marina is the creation of a full-service Ferry terminal, and the reconstruction of our Municipal Pier. Earlier this year, both the City Council and the Water Emergency Transportation Agency have approved to enter an MOU to study the feasibility of a Berkeley Ferry terminal. The ferry is not just a quick and environmentally friendly way of commuting to San Francisco, but will also play a crucial role of transporting people after the next major earthquake. The development of a ferry terminal and a new pier will reinvigorate the Marina, creating new economic opportunities for the Marina and surrounding area.
Transportation improvements are happening beyond the Marina as well. Last June, we launched a bike share program, adding 400 bikes to Berkeley as part of a regional network including Oakland and Emeryville. Originally known as Ford GoBike, Bay Wheels provides commuters with a new environmentally friendly transportation option. I have heard recommendations from people that the service should be expanded to other parts of Berkeley, and I wholeheartedly agree.
Approximately 10% of Berkeleyans commute by biking. This means more people bike in Berkeley than any other city of our size in the country. 10% may seem like a lot, but it's not enough if we want to get serious about promoting non-automotive transportation. That is why we need to get serious about investing in bicycle infrastructure.
Under our Bicycle Plan, we set a goal of increasing ridership by 50% by 2025, and to do that, the plan calls for an investment of almost $35 million to create and upgrade over 66 miles of bike lanes. The first project identified in the Bike Plan, the Milvia Street Bikeway is now funded and will start construction next year. This funding was made possible by a $19 million dollar grant from the State of California Strategic Growth Council, from proceeds of the state cap and trade auctions.
Our community has made it clear that their vision for the future of transportation is a diversity of multimodal transit that moves away from a car-centric ideology. With the proper investment, we can make that a reality.
Our local economy is thriving, thanks in part to the many unique small businesses that call Berkeley home. We have a flourishing network of business associations that work to enhance the neighborhood shopping districts.
Yet, we know that many small businesses face challenges in setting up and expanding, facing delays in permitting and rising rents. We need to remove regulatory barriers that may prevent businesses from opening up shop and provide support as they navigate our permitting process, and other city regulations. In 2017, working with Councilmember Sophie Hahn we proposed the "Small Business Package" an initiative designed to provide relief and support to our small locally-owned businesses. This item was the highest ranked referral that year and since that time our Office of Economic Development has done an incredible job seeking the input of businesses and designing policies and programs to strengthen our business sector. Earlier this year, the Council adopted an ordinance making six critical changes to our zoning code to streamline the permitting process for new small businesses. In addition, our staff and consultants have provided one-on-one support to businesses who come to the permit counter.
One major issue facing many businesses is what to do when the owner retires. How can we ensure long term sustainability of a business and give the workers upward social mobility. Coops have always been part of Berkeley's identity, from the old Coop Grocery store, student housing cooperatives and cooperative businesses. Coops provide democratic control and ownership. At a time when corporate chains are pushing out small locally owned businesses, encouraging worker cooperatives is a very Berkeley approach to the issue of succession planning.
Berkeley has partnered with Project Equity to help convert these businesses into worker cooperatives. This exciting initiative will allow for long lasting businesses to continue serving our community while giving its employees a stake in the business. I want to thank the City Council for providing $100,000 in funding for this technical assistance for cooperative conversation. Little do people know that many of Berkeley's most beloved businesses are coops, from the Cheeseboard Collective to Missing Link Bicycles. What would we do without our co-ops?
I have another question for you; how many of you were born at Alta Bates or had a child born there?
Alta Bates is truly the birthplace of the East Bay and it's sadly at risk of closure after Sutter announced its plans to shut the facility by 2030. We can't let that happen.
My office brought together regional leaders, healthcare experts, and other stakeholders to launch the Alta Bates Task Force and create the Alta Bates Health Impact Assessment, which was published in December 2018. It concluded that a closure would have disastrous consequences to not just Berkeley, but for jurisdictions across the I-80 corridor. The findings show that we can expect longer wait times, higher medical costs, and reduced access to emergency services, especially during natural disasters.
I am committed to working with our community in holding Sutter accountable so we can Save Alta Bates. It's time for Sutter to stop playing games with the wellbeing of our community. We will continue to fight, alongside our regional partners, for our hospital, which is an essential part of the Berkeley community.
Finally, I want to spend a moment talking about our values and how in the past two years we have risen to face great challenges.
There is no doubt that over the two years, our city has faced a number of challenges, not least of which were the protests and clashes that occurred on Berkeley's streets. And even though these are trying times, it is moments like these that bring out the best in people.
These events tested Berkeley, as we worked to balance the rights of protesters to express their views with our desire to show the world that these hateful message were abhorrent to us and our values.
In doing so, we worked with community and faith-based organizations and UC Berkeley to reaffirm our city's values of sanctuary, diversity and inclusivity. We worked with local artists Miriam Stahl and Lena Wolf to create the "Berkeley Stands United Against Hate" campaign, which printed more than 20,000 posters. As I go around Berkeley, I still see these posters in windows. It fills me with immense pride in how our community rose up and peacefully opposed the hateful message of these groups.
Last year during my State of the City Address, I called on our city to make a renewed commitment to our progressive values in the face of a hostile Federal administration, and to show the world what we stand for.
I am proud that Berkeley is a leader in the resistance.
When the federal government separates immigrant children and cruelly imprisons them in internment camps, we will speak out.
When ICE comes into our community, we will provide sanctuary.
When the federal government reneges on its global commitment to address our climate crisis, we will lead.
While the Trump Administration retreats from the challenges of our day, America's cities—great engines of innovation and diversity—must lead.
We also have a responsibility to speak out against injustice, to demand change, and to lead on the progressive issues of our time.
We must serve as a beacon of hope in the darkness.
Despite tremendous challenges facing our nation and our city right now, I remain hopeful for Berkeley's future.
We have risen to the occasion over this past year and begun work to address the long-standing challenges of affordability, inequality, poverty, and opportunity.
In Berkeley we do not turn our back on the least fortunate but work to give people a hand up. And each and every day we are working to create an equitable city:
- a city where young families, teachers, and service workers can afford to call home
- a city where all young people graduating from high school or college feel optimistic about their future
- a city where communities of color feel safe, welcome and can still afford to live here.
We are a proud Sanctuary City and we are committed to defending the safety and rights of our immigrants, refugees and other vulnerable communities.
We are a community where people who need help with housing, food or other basic needs can get it.
We are a city that retains the diversity that makes our city such an amazing, innovative and dynamic community.
And I know that when we work together and combine our collective efforts, we can show what it looks like to build a future that everyone can take part in.
In closing, it is the greatest honor of my life to serve as Mayor of this amazing City.
Thank you all so very much!


text:
The Ile de France Regional Health Agency (ARS) found that two children had more than 50 microgrammes of lead per litre of blood. 16 out of the 175 children tested were in the 25 to 49 microgrammes category which means that they will need to be monitored but they are not in danger.
An environmental investigation, at the residence of one the two children tested positive, showed that he was exposed to lead pollution prior to the fire. His sister's tests came in below 25 microgrammes.
When the fire at Notre Dame de Paris cathedral broke out on 15 April, over 400 tons of lead in the roof and steeple melted, releasing lead particles that later settled on surrounding streets and buildings.
Two schools, operating in the Notre Dame neighbourhood, were shut down on 25 July after tests found lead levels above 5,000 microgrammes per square metre. The schools were running a summer holiday programme for children.
Robin des Bois, a French activist group, filed the lawsuit in Paris High Court in July alleging that health agencies as well as national and city officials had failed to address the dangers caused by the fire.
"Authorities should have broadcast ... live information to encourage people to evacuate [the areas] where several thousand gathered to watch and incite residents of the neighbourhood to close their windows and leave their balconies.
"Everyone watched like it was a firework without understanding that this odourless, beige and yellow smoke was toxic," said Jacky Bonnemains, a spokesman for Robin de Bois.

subset: commoncrawl


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St. Norbert Hosts Cornell Saturday
From Sports Information Director, January 23, 2014 | Men's Basketball
by Dan Lukes, email@example.com, (920) 403-4077
DE PERE - St. Norbert College, ranked No. 11 in the D3hoops.com Top 25, carries a 12-game winning streak into its game with Cornell College at 3 p.m. Saturday at Schuldes Sports Center. The Green Knights hold a three-game lead in the Midwest Conference standings with eight games remaining.
The game will be broadcast online with video streaming at http://client.stretchinternet.com/client/snc.portal#
Live stats will be posted online at http://www.snc.edu/athletics/teamfiles/livestats/xlive.htm
Click "MORE" for a complete preview of the game.


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python-glance 2012.1-0ubuntu2 (armhf binary) in ubuntu precise
The Glance project provides an image registration and discovery service
and an image delivery service. These services are used
in conjunction by Nova to deliver images from object stores, such as
OpenStack's Swift service, to Nova's compute nodes.
This package contains the Python libraries.
- Package version:
- 2012.1-0ubuntu2
- Status:
- Published
- Component:
- main
- Priority:
- Extra
Downloadable files
i386 build of glance 2012.1-0ubuntu2 in ubuntu precise RELEASE produced these files:
- python-glance_2012.1-0ubuntu2_all.deb (221.9 KiB)
Package relationships
- Provides:
- python2.7-glance


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Gulf Views from the Spacious Balcony!
Comfy Living Area w/Flatscreen Tv
THIS is mere steps away!
Gulfwinds Pool - Miramar Beach
Private Beach Access - Gulfwinds
Aerial View - Gulfwinds 47
Gulfwinds East in Miramar Beach
Living Area w/Flatscreen Tv
Plenty of Space to Lounge and Entertain
Living Area has Wet Bar
Dining Table seats 4
Kitchen has Stainless Appliances
Dining area leads to Patio in Back
Kitchen - Stainless Appliances
Half Bath with Washer/Dryer
Beach Access - a short walk
Master Suite with King sized Bed
Wander onto the Balcony from the Master
Full Ensuite Bath off Master
Zoomed in Gulf Views from the Balcony
Guest Bedroom has Balcony access as well!
Guest Bedroom has Flatscreen Tv
Second Full Bath
Large 2nd Floor Balcony stretches across townhome
Patio off the Kitchen/Dining area
Beach Access across the street
Gorgeous Destin Commons nearby
Walk to Captain Daves for a drink or a bite!
Free Golf Nearby from Nov thru Feb
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Miramar Beach, Florida, United States
Home, 2 bedroom, 2.5 bath, sleeps 8
$103 - $274 per night
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This advertiser has listed with PerfectPlaces.com since Jun 5, 2009
Available Unavailable Night Min.


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Who doesn't like bhature but then most of us end up worrying about the calories…Anu Maheshwary tried this recipe using wholewheat flour to take some of the guilt away. According to Anu "they fermented well, puffed up real good, were crispy on the outside and soft on the inside too"
Main Ingredients:
2 1/2 cups atta or whole wheat flour
1 tsp salt or as required
1 tbsp oil or ghee or butter
½ or ⅓ cup warm water
vegetable oil for deep frying
For Overnight Fermentation:
¾ cup (150 ml) plain curd/yogurt or cashew curd
½ tbsp sugar or brown sugar
½ tsp baking powder
¾ cup all purpose flour/maida
¼ cup water (optional)
You will have to start the night before.
In a bowl take the yoghurt, sugar, baking powder and all purpose flour.Mix well all the above 4 ingredients mentioned for overnight fermentation.If the yogurt has whey in it, then don't need to add the ¼ cup water mentioned above.If the yogurt is thick, then to thin the batter, add ¼ cup water.
Cover the bowl with a cloth and set it aside in a warm place overnight or for 8 hours to allow natural fermentation to take place. (I kept it inside my microwave oven).The next day you will see tiny bubbles on the surface of the mixture. The mixture is ready for the next step when tiny bubbles appear on the surface.
In another bowl, mix together the wheat flour with salt and rub the ghee or butter into it with your fingertips. Into this bowl, add the fermenting mixture and the warm water.
Form a dough with these two mixtures.
Keep kneading the dough for 5 to 10 minutes or until it is silky smooth. Add a little flour if it is too wet. Gather the dough into a compact ball and cover it with a damp cloth. Again set it aside in a warm place for 2 hrs.
After 2 hours, knead the dough again.Form it in balls and roll them into 5-6 inch discs. Heat oil or ghee and deep fry the bhaturas in the same way as you would fry pooris.
- Courtesy Anu Maheshwary


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What if all the knowledge in the world converged on one singular location and combined into one mighty entity? What then would you have? Why, episode 3 of MTC, of course! Yes, feel free to bask gently in the splendor that is the AWG clan as their four-digit leader and co-founder, 2112, tells us about the Art of War gaming clan. Using the new BF2 Euro Forces expansion map, we let the AWG guys duke it out in the background while we talked to 12.
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ClickFunnels Trial Paves the Path to Internet Sales Success
Using Leadpages For Affiliate Marketing
Little do potential titans realize the intricacies of constructing sites, installing shopping cart software and preparing their business for success. For many people, email integration, social media, and advertising and marketing concepts are a foreign language. In steps in ClickFunnels and Russell Brunson. Helping ambitious and talented people create their run at success using this outstanding digital marketing and advertising program literally tailored for all. Using Leadpages For Affiliate Marketing
Anyone having a concept but not the experience can utilize ClickFunnels to start or broaden their business. The agency provides strategic business procedures or funnels that entrepreneurs can employ, to compensate for lack of experience.
What's a Sales Funnel
Simply put in a sales funnel is an automatic process that leads to a sale. Funnels can be large, or small, and if they're done properly the right mixture of traffic leads you to success. A fantastic video to watch that explains what a sales funnel is may be found here.
What Is ClickFunnels
ClickFunnels, who currently provides a 14 day free-trial offer builds applications which enables entrepreneurs to handle any of several funnels to develop a distinct portion of their business. With no prior experience in design or coding, ClickFunnels enables everyone build their own sales channels effortlessly. The program comprises a set of templates which enable users to make custom made pages by adding various elements from a list. They are also able to choose the webinar sales funnel or the automatic webinar sales funnel using the setup within Clickfunnels. Moderate, large or tiny businesses can use the software to enhance every component of their company. Using Leadpages For Affiliate Marketing
In just four brief years, ClickFunnels has risen to over 55,000 customers and can rely over 200 millionaires one of them. Founder Russell Brunson has built the fastest growing non-venture endorsed software company in the world. Brunson began his company in age 12 when he collected direct mail addresses. During college, his hobby evolved into an obsession. He offered everything from nutritional supplements to books. Founding ClickFunnels has been Russell Brunson's next logical step.
The key to prosperity for Russell Brunson and his ClickFunnels Software is empowering others to a victorious life. It's normal for potential entrepreneurs to admit defeat should they have no focus or goals. Brunson has produced a juggernaut of encouragement for anybody prepared to read and listen.
Expert Secrets: This book discusses the right message at the ideal time to boost somebody's life. Expert Secrets helps to get an inviting message out to people most in need of a reforming hand.
DOTCOM Secrets: A playbook for increasing visitors and converting. The publication encourages the entrepreneur to comprehend why they are not getting traffic and works to improve the fundamental issues.
The Funnel Hackers Cookbook: Funnel recipes to grow any small business. This is the handbook for everyone considering utilizing ClickFunnels. It is easy-to-understand building blocks to achieve success.
There is a way to obtain these books for free by going through FordFunnels.com
Proven Outcomes Using Leadpages For Affiliate Marketing
Lots of organizations promote their achievement with all the ClickFunnels software. Among them are Tony Robbins, Danielle Ford, Caleb Maddox and JucingVegatables.net.
Tony Robbins, who needs no introduction, uses the software to get his message out to the masses and promote more of his Self-Help applications. He always endorses Brunson and ClickFunnels applications.
Danielle Ford, a movie and advertising strategist has used ClickFunnels in her path to achievement. Her sites Funnelin5.com and FordFunnels.com are excellent examples of a dynamic entrepreneur harnessing the power of ClickFunnels. Ford has used the software to advertise her coaching videos and most recently acknowledged using ClickFunnels as a means to acquire a Trustee chair on the Clark County School Board.
Caleb Maddox, a climbing entrepreneur, employs the ClickFunnels software to influence millions of people. By age 15, Maddox utilized ClickFunnels to create several online companies and make several thousands and thousands of dollars. One of his awards, Maddox has made the recognition of'Top Entrepreneurs under 30″ and"The Top 20 Most Motivational People on Earth"
How To Try out ClickFunnels
ClickFunnels provides any potential consumer the knowledge to get started using the program. There are several membership chances and new users can have a 14-day free trial to ensure the software is exactly what your business requirements. With the free trial, then you can find a sense of the program, pick a funnel and test all of the alternatives and templates. The trial gives you considerable time and allows potential users to make certain they have a clear grasp of the ClickFunnels applications before committing.
Russell Brunson has produced a management of success, for anyone who dreams of having a company. ClickFunnels has it all.


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"Biggest update in game's history" adds new character models, Christmas content and other goodies.
The biggest update in the entire history of Gloria Victis has been released! Not only we have implemented new character models and reworked character creation system - players also received 7 redesigned settlements, great expansion of the locations upgrading system and Christmas content, including special events.
The update introduced reworked models of playable characters. They have now 10 times more details than before and they came with extended options of character customization, including tattoos and face painting, face details and many more! We have also reworked entire character creation interface and added an optional ability to shape the background of your character by answering a series of questions.
Over the last few weeks we were working hard on the territory control overhaul. In effect, in the update you received 3 reworked towns – Leaktown, Twinfall and Scarsdale – with their their defense values being greatly improved. Farms and mines have also been redesigned, as well as the upgrades window.
There are also visible changes of guardhouses and resources nodes after each upgrade and brand new upgradable objects: main building and crafting workshops. For now you will see them only in reworked settlements but remaining towns will be redesigned soon as well. Once all settlements get moved into a new system, we will be able to add new towns and castles much faster.
We will enter New Year with focus on preparing new animations for the final implementation, as well as on working on the female character models. Meanwhile our designers are reworking remaining towns to move them into the new upgrades system and programmers are working on character controller and synchronization overhaul. We will also work on numerous bug fixes and optimization.
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A listener thinks he may be the ultimate fool – bad resume, time gaps, industry changes, terminations, and family damage as a result. Yet in pointing the finger at himself, he has already moved toward the solution. If you know your thinking or actions have been "foolish" you have turned the corner to becoming wise. PLUS: a direct click-to list of work from home opportunities. Episode #655 March 15, 2019 Hi, this is Dan Miller – and yes you're listening to the 48 Days Radio show – where each week we take 48 minutes to dive into real life questions … Read More
Are you "wisdom" or "passion?"
I'm doing lots of radio interviews this week based on the content of Wisdom Meets Passion, the new book that I wrote with my 34-yr-old son Jared. It's not uncommon for a radio host not to have read the book prior to our interview. And it's been interesting to get a glimpse of the common perceptions of the book from those who are seeing it for the first time. For example, people are asking: Does your son Jared represent "passion" while you represent "wisdom?" Or How much of Jared's content did you have to remove because you didn't agree with … Read More
Does God want us to be rich?
When my good friend Rabbi Daniel Lapin is asked – "Does God want us to be rich?" He responds by saying "God wants us to be obsessively preoccupied with the needs of others." And you know what he observes happening when that occurs – money shows up in multiple ways. In Thou Shall Prosper, Rabbi Lapin points out that money is a testament to your having served another human being. "Having money is not shameful; it is a certificate of good performance granted to by your grateful fellow citizens." Too many people shun the idea of making money as evil … Read More
Are you "wise" or just educated?
This is a piece from the new Field Manual to accompany Wisdom Meets Passion that I wrote with my son Jared. When Jared was about 17 he was given the assignment of writing about a Biblical character. After much discussion he selected Solomon as the subject of his research. Of course, as his Dad, I remembered my own Bible teachings from when I was a little boy. And I knew that we recognize Solomon as "the wisest man who ever lived." But as Jared and I studied for his paper I was flabbergasted in not being able to find that claim … Read More
Know what you want
"The people who complain the loudest about never having an opportunity in life are usually the ones who have no idea what they really want. They aren't happy where they are but can't tell you where they want to be." Dan Miller, from Wisdom meets Passion
"Live so that you may…….."
"Live so that you may desire to live the same life again." Friedrich Nietzsche Good ole Friedrich was not known for his optimism about life, giving us his ideas that God is dead and man is nothing but a worm. He was plagued by depression, mental illness and syphilis and died a lonely, disturbed man. It's hard to speculate why he wrote this quotation. But great thoughts come from a variety of places. Using a quotable quotation does not imply a blanket endorsement of the person quoted. I like to find great ideas regardless of the source. In the Bible … Read More
Twitterdom or Wisdom?
While attending a funeral recently I glanced up and down just my row to see several people Twittering and checking emails in the last few minutes prior to the beginning of the service. It's now common during sermons and seminars to see people with their heads down, busy passing on tidbits of information instantly. This morning I read that one million people are following Ashton Kutcher on Twitter. I suggest that this massive addiction to information leads us away from wisdom, not toward it, creating what author Shane Hill calls "a permanent puberty of the mind." Recognize that information, … Read More
"Dreamers of the Day"
Your dreams may be the real beginnings of the future you want. In Seven Pillars of Wisdom, T.E. Lawrence says, "There are dreamers, but not all human beings dream equally. Some are dreamers of the night, who in the dusty recesses of their mind dream and wake in the morning to find it was just vanity. But the Dreamers of the Day are dangerous people because they act their dreams into reality with open eyes." Now there's a clear picture. "Dreamers of the Day" are dangerous because they "act their dreams into reality with open eyes." We are hearing a … Read More
Wanna be a wealthy idiot?
The name Nasrudin is used as the mythical character in a tradition of Sufi tales. Here's one: Nasrudin used to stand in the street on market days, to be pointed out as an idiot. No matter how often people offered him a large or a small coin, he always chose the smaller piece. One day a kindly man said to him, "Mulla, you should take the bigger coin. Then you will have money and people will no longer be able to make a laughingstock of you." "That might be true," said Nasrudin, "but if I always take the larger coin, … Read More


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ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This collection includes most of the ASU Theses and Dissertations from 2011 to present. ASU Theses and Dissertations are available in downloadable PDF format; however, a small percentage of items are under embargo. Information about the dissertations/theses includes degree information, committee members, an abstract, supporting data or media.
In addition to the electronic theses found in the ASU Digital Repository, ASU Theses and Dissertations can be found in the ASU Library Catalog.
Dissertations and Theses granted by Arizona State University are archived and made available through a joint effort of the ASU Graduate College and the ASU Libraries. For more information or questions about this collection contact or visit the Digital Repository ETD Library Guide or contact the ASU Graduate College at email@example.com.
- Wang, Shaopeng
- 2 Arizona State University
- 2 Tao, Nongjian
- 1 Chae, Junseok
- 1 Goryll, Michael
- 1 Labaer, Joshua
- 1 Macgriff, Christopher Assiff
- more
- 1 Si, Jennie
- 1 Yang, Yunze
- 2 English
- 2 Public
- Biophysics
- 2 Electrical engineering
- 1 Biomedical engineering
- 1 Engineering
- 1 Impedance
- 1 Kinetics
- 1 Microfluidics
- more
- 1 Microscopy
- 1 Small molecule
- 1 Surface Plasmon Resonance
- 1 action potential
- 1 cell mechanics
- 1 mechanical waves
- 1 organelle tracking
- 1 patch clamp
- 1 plasmonic imaging
- Microfluidic Models of Tumor-Stroma Interactions to Study the Interplay of Cancer Cells with their Surrounding Microenvironment
- Ain't She Sweet: A Critical Choreographic Study of Identity & Intersectionality
- Suppositions for Desert Modernism: An Architectural Framework Informed by Climate, Natural Light, and Topography
- Concurrent reduction of trichloroethylene and perchlorate in continuous flow-through soil columns
- Design and Fabrication of Fabric ReinforcedTextile Actuators forSoft Robotic Graspers
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has emerged as a popular technique for elucidating subtle signals from biological events in a label-free, high throughput environment. The efficacy of conventional SPR sensors, whose signals are mass-sensitive, diminishes rapidly with the size of the observed target molecules. The following work advances the current SPR sensor paradigm for the purpose of small molecule detection. The detection limits of two orthogonal components of SPR measurement are targeted: speed and sensitivity. In the context of this report, speed refers to the dynamic range of measured kinetic rate constants, while sensitivity refers to the target molecule mass limitation …
- Contributors
- Macgriff, Christopher Assiff, Tao, Nongjian, Wang, Shaopeng, et al.
- Created Date
- 2013
Mechanical properties of cells are important in maintaining physiological functions of biological systems. Quantitative measurement and analysis of mechanical properties can help understand cellular mechanics and its functional relevance and discover physical biomarkers for diseases monitoring and therapeutics. This dissertation presents a work to develop optical methods for studying cell mechanics which encompasses four applications. Surface plasmon resonance microscopy based optical method has been applied to image intracellular motions and cell mechanical motion. This label-free technique enables ultrafast imaging with extremely high sensitivity in detecting cell deformation. The technique was first applied to study intracellular transportation. Organelle transportation process and …
- Contributors
- Yang, Yunze, Tao, Nongjian, Wang, Shaopeng, et al.
- Created Date
- 2016


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Our Three Day Rehabilitation Center In Brazil just received new clothing and other much needed supplies. Thanks to your generous contributions, we were able to send over new clothing and accessories for children and adults of all sizes.
האם ידעת ?
בשנת 2006, יוניצ"ף מעריך כי 9,100,000 children in Brazil are living in poverty


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Historic Sites of Manitoba: Fountain of Life and Plaque (Winnipeg)
Located in the courtyard between the Council Building and the Administration Building of City Hall, 510 Main Street, the fountain and plaque commemorates all those City of Winnipeg employees who were injured or lost their lives while on the job. It was unveiled on 28 April 2004.
Information for this page was provided by The City of Winnipeg's Planning, Property and Development Department, which acknowledges the contribution of the Government of Manitoba through its Heritage Grants Program.
This page was prepared by Gordon Goldsborough.
Page revised: 17 March 2012
Back to top of page


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Obviously, it was a proposition that was met with a lot of resistance.
With the true Pokemon 8 that people have been waiting for since its announcement last year due out next year, this year's Pokemon Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee! should have just been a nice filler game, a comfy throwback to the series' early days, and an attempt at simplifying the admittedly bloated nature of the recent games.
However, it's been met with a lot of pushback from fans— an almost surprising amount. And most of the skepticism and fan outcry is over one decision, which probably epitomizes what they feel is wrong with the new game better than anything else— the decision to remove wild Pokemon battles, a mainstay of the series, and replace them with a Pokemon GO style catching mini game.
Speaking to Polygon, director Junichi Masada spoke about the team wanting to do something new and different, and the resistance that the idea faced, even internally.
"What I mean by that being like a challenge, because we're a business now with Pokémon being so huge, being able to just rewind is difficult, because a lot of the people who are now on the team, they also grew up with Pokémon," he said. "They have an idea of what Pokémon is supposed to be. They've played these games, they've enjoyed them themselves. Just taking for example, on Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee!, even the idea of getting rid of wild Pokémon battles and trying something different was obviously met with a lot of resistance at first.
"People were just like, "No. Of course. It's Pokémon, there's wild battles. That's how it is." There's a lot of these unspoken rules that people feel [can't change], but at the same time at Game Freak, we always want to be open to trying new things. If someone has a good idea or wants to try something out, we want to be able to actually do that. That's just always a challenge that comes up with each project, just making sure that we don't take anything for granted.
"It's always just, "What do we want to do with this project? What do we want to try out this time?" We really just discuss it with the team and game and find out what the best direction is for that game. One thing I'm always saying at the beginning of a project, you're always telling the team is when you're making a new Pokémon, don't make Pokémon from Pokémon. Make Pokémon from scratch. What would you do if it wasn't a Pokémon game? How would you make the game? Always be in that mindset, is what I'm always trying to tell the team."
For a series as formulaic as Pokemon, I can't begrudge the team trying to do something different, if nothing else. That said, I'm not sure if different is necessarily for the better in this case. Pokemon Let's Go looks like a cute game, and I am sure to enjoy it for what it is when it comes out later this year; but I sincerely hope that when Pokemon 8 launches next year, there are very few cues that it ends up taking from it.
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The kaleidoscope orchid is also known as Baldan's kaleidoscope. It is a Phalaenopsis orchid or moth orchid which produce broad flowers that resemble moths. The kaleidoscope orchid produces 3-foot-long stems with 4-inch blossoms. These flowers are yellow with reddish-purple stripes. Each bloom has red lips in the center of the blossom. The main flowering season takes place in the late winter and spring. The flowers last 80 to 120 days, but can be less when exposed to fumes from propane, natural gas, cigarettes and vehicles.
Look at leaf color when purchasing a kaleidoscope orchid. They should not droop and be a medium green color with a smooth texture. Choose an orchid that has one flower open with the other buds shut. This gives you an indication of what the flowers look like while presenting an orchid just starting its blossoming cycle. Check the buds for withering. Look for a plant that is in good condition, and not one with an overly wet root ball.
Water the kaleidoscope orchid whenever the root ball is dry. Remove any fancy wrap from around the plant pot that will hold water close to the roots and cause rot. Place the orchid in a sink and pour water through the root ball. Allow the water to completely drain out and return the orchid back to its growing area. On average, water the kaleidoscope orchid once a week. In dry climates, you may have to water every other day, but in cool winter climates the watering cycle may be every 10 days. Never let the orchid dry out completely between watering. Water in the mornings so the leaves can dry out by the time cool temperatures develop when night falls. Do not use softened water, since it will kill your kaleidoscope orchid.
Kaleidoscope orchid grows well in bright light, but not in direct sunlight. Place the orchid in an east-, south- or west-facing window to give the kaleidoscope orchid the filtered, indirect light it needs. These orchids can grow under artificial light as well. Use four fluorescent light tubes placed 6 to 12 inches above the plant for 12 to 16 hours daily. Ideal daytime temperature is 70 to 85 degrees F, and nighttime temperature is 60 to 65 degrees F. Higher temperatures will increase foliage growth. The kaleidoscope orchid needs several weeks of 55 degree F temperatures in the fall to develop flowers. If the temperature fluctuates wildly, flower buds may fall off the stem.
The kaleidoscope orchid needs humidity in the 50 to 80 percent range. In order to achieve this type of humidity in the home, place the orchid on a tray of gravel that is partly filled with water. As the water evaporates under the plant pot, it raises the humidity level. Never set the plant pot in standing water and do not mist the orchid since it may cause the plant to rot. Kaleidoscope orchids require feeding twice a month with a 30-10-10 fertilizer at quarter strength during the growth period in the spring and fall. Switch to 10-30-20 fertilizer to promote flower production during the winter.
Time Frame
The kaleidoscope orchid needs re-potting every three years. This is done in the spring after the flowering is over. Mix 1 part peat moss, 6 parts fir bark with 1 part granular charcoal to create a porous soil mixture. The plant pot does not need to be changed, just the soil because it has lost its nutrients. Remove all the soil from the kaleidoscope orchid's roots. Trim away any soft, rotted roots that are present. Place a handful of soil mixture in the bottom of the plant pot and spread the orchid roots over the soil. Fill the plant pot the rest of the way with the soil mixture. Firm the soil gently and water to finish settling the soil.
More Articles
- Care for Orchid Plants With No Flowers
- What Do You Do With an Orchid When it Is Finished Flowering?
- Are All Orchid Flowers Edible?
- Care for a Potted Orchid
- Care for a Cattleya Orchid
- Care for a White Orchid Plant
- Information on Orchid Cactus Plants
- Prune Dendrobium Orchids
- Keep an Orchid Plant Alive
- Care for Epidendrum Orchids
- Care for a Desert Rose Plant
- Care for Orchid Cactus Plants


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Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering
Print version ISSN 0104-6632On-line version ISSN 1678-4383
Braz. J. Chem. Eng. vol.21 no.2 São Paulo Apr./June 2004
Characterization of steam-reforming catalysts
D. C. R.M. SantosI; J. S. LisboaI; F. B. PassosI, *; F. B. NoronhaII
IDepartamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Phone: +(55) (21) 26295600, Fax: +(55) (21) 2717-4446, Rua Passo da Pátria, 156, 24210-240, Niterói - RJ, Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com
IIInstituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Laboratório de Catálise, Phone: +(55) (21) 2123-1163, Fax: +(55) (21) 2123-1164, Av. Venezuela , 82, 20084-310, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com
The effect of the addition of Mg and Ca to Ni/ a-Al2O3 catalysts was investigatedstudied, aiming to detail the promotion mechanismaddress their role as promoters in the steam reforming reaction. Temperature- programmed reduction and H2 and CO temperature-programmed desorption experiments indicated that Mg interacts with the metallic phase. Mg-promoted catalysts showed a greater difficulty for Ni precursors reduction besides different probe molecules (H2 and CO) adsorbed states. In the conversion of cyclohexane, Mg inhibited the formation of hydrogenolysis products. Nonetheless, the presence of Ca did not influence the metallic phase.
Keywords: steam reforming, Ni, promoters.
The process of steam reforming of hydrocarbons, developed in 1924 (Rostrup-Nielsen, 1984), is the main industrial method for production of hydrogen. Hydrogen is a fundamental feedstock for refining processes such as hydorotreating and hydrocracking and for petrochemical processes such as the synthesis of methanol, methanol to gasoline, and the synthesis of ammonia (The British Sulpur Corp. LTD. 1992; Twigg, 1997) and hydrocarbon synthesis via Fischer-Tropsch preocesses (Dry, 1984; Anderson, 1984).
The demand for hydrogen has been increasing during the past years due to the need to reduce the sulfur content in fuels. Thus, the production of hydrogen has become relevant in both economic and social terms, as it is related to the quality of life (Peña et. al., 1996; Rostrup-Nielsen, 1984; Lercher et al., 1999).
As steam reforming of methane is a highly endothermic process (DH = +49.,6 kcal/mol), it has be carried out at high temperatures. Under these reaction conditions, deactivation of the catalyst due to carbon deposition on its surface occurs (Rostrup-Nielsen, 1984).
Commercial catalysts consist essentially of Ni supported on a-alumina. Earth alkaline metals (Mg and Ca) are normally present used in the catalyst formulations to improve the stability (Peña et al., 1996). The effect of these promoters has usually been ascribed to the accelaration of the steam-carbon reaction and to the neutralization of the acidity in the support, retarding cracking and polymerization reactions (Twigg, 1987). However, Rostrup-Nielsen and Alstrup (1999) showed that carbon formation and the activity in the steam reforming reaction are influenced by the size of the nickel surface ensembles. In the present work, the role mechanisms of promoters was investigated by means of physicochemical characterization techniques (temperature-programmed reduction and temperature-programmed desorption) and through the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane, a model reaction which allows to probing ofe the metallic surface of the catalyst.
Preparation of Catalysts
The support used was a-Al2O3 (ALCOA 1.5 m2/g). Ni catalysts with 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 20 wt% were prepared by incipient wetness, using Ni(NO3)2.6H2O as precursor. After impregnation, the samples were dried at 120ºC and calcined at a 650°C for 6 hours. A 20 wt% Ni/a-Al2O3 sample was also prepared by wet impregnation. The drying and calcination procedures were the same as those used for the samples prepared by incipient wetness.
Mg- and Ca-containing catalysts were prepared by impregnating a-Al2O3 (inicipient wetness) with Mg(NO3)2.6H2O or Ca(NO3)2.4H2O precursors, followed by drying at 120ºC and calcination at 650°C (Cheng et al., 1996). The samples were then impregnated with the Ni(NO3)2.6H2O aqueous solution, followed by the drying and calcination procedures already cited. By this procedure, 5% MgO-10% Ni/a-Al2O3, 5% CaO-10% Ni/a-Al2O3 and 5% MgO-5% CaO-10% Ni/a-Al2O3 catalysts were obtained.
Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR)
TPR experiments were performed in a multipurpose unit coupleds to a Balzers Omnistars quadrupole mass spectrometer. The samples (150 mg) had been previously dried at 150ºC for 30 min under a He flow (30 mL/min). For the TPR a 5% H2/Ar gas mixture, a heating rate of 10ºC/min and a final temperature of 1000ºC were used.
Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD)
H2 and CO TPD experiments were conducted in the same unit as that used for the TPR experiments. The pretreatment of the samples consisted in drying at 150ºC for 30 min under a He flow (30 mL/min), followed by reduction in H2 at 800ºC for 1h . The surfaces of the catalysts were purged by flowing He at 800ºC for 1h. The samples were cooled to room temperature, and exposed to pulses of a 5%H2/Ar untlil saturation. The temperature was then increased to 800ºC at a heating rate of 20ºC/min while the desorprtion of H2 was monitored. A similar procedure was followed forfor the CO TPD experiments.
Cyclohexane Conversion
This reaction was performed at 105 Pa in a flow microreactor. The samples (100mg) had been previously dried at 150ºC for 30 min under a N2 flow (30 mL/min) and reduced at 500ºC under H2 flow (30 mL/min). The reactant mixture was obtained by bubbling hydrogen through a saturator containing cyclohexane at 12ºC (H2/C6 H12 = 13.6). The temperature was kept at 320º C and the conversion was kept below 10%. The effluent gas phase was analyzed by an on-line gas chromatograph (HP 5890) equipped with a flame ionization detector and an HP-Innowax capillary column. Under these conditions, there was not a significant deactivation of the catalysts.
Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR)
The temperature-programmed reduction profiles of the catalysts with Ni contents of 5, 10 and 20 wt % supported on a-Al2O3 are presented in Figure 1. The 5% Ni/Al2O3 catalyst showed reduction peaks at 450ºC and 516ºC. The lower temperature peak may be attributed to the reduction of NiO with less interaction with the support, while the peak with the higher temperature corresponds to the reduction of NiO by the incorporation of Al+3 ions originating in the dissolution of a-Al2O3 during the impregnation step (Richardson and Twigg, 1998, Agnelli et al., 1987). For the samples with higher Ni contents there was a shift of in the reduction peak to higher temperatures.
The reduction profile of the catalysts with promoters are presented in Figure 2. The reduction peaks occurred at higher temperatures, because Ca and Mg hydrophilic promoters increase the incorporation of water on the catalyst surface, inhibiting the reduction. As observed in Figure 1, the peak at the lower temperature corresponds to NiO redcuction while the peak at the higher temperature is related to NiO with Al+3. A greater difference in the temperature of the peaks was observed for Mg promoted catalysts. With Ca the effect is reduced as observed by Dias and Assaf (2001). These results point out to an greater influence of Mg on the Ni precursor, which probably affects the final state the catalyst after activation. The following temperature-programmed desorption results confirmed this hypothesis.
Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD)
The H2 TPD results are presented in Figures 3 and 4. The H2 desorption profiles for Ni/a-Al2O3 catalysts had desorption peaks between 170ºC and 400ºC. The first peak is usually attributed to H2 desorbed from the metal particles and indicates the exposed fraction of Ni atoms. The peaks at the higher temperatures are attributed to hydrogen located in the subsurface layers or to H2 due to spillover on the support. In the case of 5% Ni/a-Al2O3, only one peak was observed, while in the case of the 10% Ni/a-Al2O3 catalyst a larger amount of desorbed hydrogen from the metal surface was observed.
For Mg-promoted catalysts (Figure 4), the peaks are broader, pointing to a continuous distribution of adsorption strength on the catalyst support. The Ca-containing catalysts had only two desorption peaks.
The CO TPD profiles are presented in Figures 5 and 6. For Ni/ -Al2O3 catalysts a desorption peak at 180ºC and a desorption peak at 400ºC was observed. The lower temperature peak is related to CO molecularly adsorbed on flat Ni particles, while the peak at the higher temperature is attributed to CO dissociatively adsorbed on the steps ( Hu and Ruckenstein, 1996).
The 5% MgO-10%Ni/ -Al2O3 catalysts presented showed a decrease on the desorption peak at higher temperature, indicating the influence of Mg on the Ni. With Ca, a different effect was observed, with the higher temperature peaks being more important. Furthermore, CO2 desorption was also observed during the high temperature CO desorption peak. This CO2 formation results probably from the Boudouard reaction (2CO ® C + CO2). The CO2 release was more intense for the Ca-containing catalysts than for the Mg-containing catalysts. This result is consistent with the temperature-programmed reduction results that showed Mg modifies the Ni phase. NiO and MgO may form solid solutions (Hu and Ruckenstein, 1996), which may explain the dilution of Ni atoms by Mg after reduction of the catalyst. This dilution inhibits the Boudouard reaction (Ruckenstein and Hu, 1995). This effect impacts the performance in the steam reforming of hydrocarbons, for which Ni is the active phase. The modification of Ni active phase by Mg was further demonstrated by the following conversion of cyclohexane catalytic runs.
Conversion of Cyclohexane
For Ni catalysts, the conversion of cyclohexane caused not only the formation of benzene, through the dehydrogenation reaction, but also the formation of n-hexane through the hydrogenolysis reaction.
Table 1 shows the dehydrogenation reaction rates. The different catalysts had dehydrogenation reaction rates of the same order of magnitude. The addition of the promoters altered the reaction rates with a more important effect in the case of the addition of Mg.
Table 1 also contains the hydrogenolysis reaction products. The addition of Mg suppressed the formation of hydrogenolysis products, indicating a modification of Ni by this promoter. The presence of Ca, however, did not caused this effect.
The turnover frequency (TOF) results are presented in Table 2. The number of Ni-exposed atoms was obtained from irreversible CO chemisorption at room temperature (CO/Nis = 1). Essentially, the turnover frequency for the dehydrogenation reaction was not modified by the promoter. This is consistent with the structure insensitivity of this reaction. However, the hydrogenolysis reaction is structure sensitive. Thus, suppression of the hydrogenolysis reaction indicates a modification of Ni particles by Mg. this This may explain the promoter role in the steam-reforming catalysts. Mg hinders the structure-sensitive reactions that result in coke formation. This is a mechanism similar to that observed for bimetallic catalysts: the promoter suppresses the structure-sensitiveity reactions, which requires large ensembles of atoms in order to occur, while structure-insensitive reactions require smaller ensembles of atoms and are pratically not influenced at all (Sinfelt, 1983). The geometric model of dilution of active phase atoms by the promoters atoms seems to be suitable in our case, with the Mg ion particles diluting Ni particles. These results are in agreement with the findings of Rostrup-Nielsen and Alstrup (1999) who showed that the dilution of Ni atoms by Cu atoms affects the catalyts behavior in the steam reforming reaction. Additional experiments are necessary to evaluate possible electronic effects.
The effect of the addition of Mg and Ca addition to Ni/a-Al2O3 catalysts was studied in this work. From the experimental results the following conclusions were drawn:
1) Addition of Mg causes the Ni precursor reduction to occur at a higher temperature.
2) The spillover and metal-adsorbed hydrogen states are modified by Mg. Similar experiments were observed for adsorbed carbon monoxide.
3) Mg inhibits the hydrogenolysis reaction, indicating a dilution of Ni atoms by Mg.
4) Ca does not strongly modify the metallic phase. The role of Ca is probably related only to decrease the acidity of the support.
The authors are grateful for the financial support received from CAPES, FAPERJ, PADCT-III and CNPq/CTPetro.
Agnelli, M.E., Demichelli, M.C. and Ponzi, E.N., Catalytic Deactivation of Methane Steam Reforming Catalysts. 1. Activation., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., n.26,. pp. 1704-1707 (1987). [ Links ]
Anderson, R. B. The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. New York: Academic Press, New York (1984). [ Links ]
Cheng, Z., Wu,Q. and Yoshuda, Z. Effect of Promoters and Preparation Procedures on Reforming of Methane with Carbon Dioxide over Ni/Al2O3. Catal. Today, v.30, pp.147-155 (1996). [ Links ]
Dias, J.A.C. and Assaf, M.A. Catalisadores Ni/CaO/Al2O3 para Reforma do Metano com CO2. In: 11° Congresso Brasileiro de Catálise e 1° Congresso de Catálise no Mercosul, Gramado (2001). [ Links ]
Dry, M. E., The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, In: Catalysis: Science and Technology, J.R. Anderson and M. Boudart (ed.), Springer Verlag, New York, Vol.1, Chap.3, pp. 106-256 (1984). [ Links ]
Hu, Y.H. and Ruckenstein, E. Temperature-Programmed Desorption of CO Adsorbed on NiO/MgO, Journal of Catalysis, 163, p.p. 306-311 (1996). [ Links ]
Lercher, J.A , Bitter, J.H., Steghuis, A.G., Van Ommen, J.G. and Seshan, K., Methane Utilization via Synthesis Gas Generation - Catalytic Chemistry and Technology. Environmental Catalysis. Catalytic Science Series. v. 1, p.p. 12-19 (1999). [ Links ]
Peña, M. A., Gómez, J. P. and Fierro, J. L. G., New Catalytic Routes for Syngas and Hydrogen Production, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 144, pp. 7-57 (1996). [ Links ]
Richardson, J. T. and Twigg, M. V. Reduction of impregnated NiO/a-Al2O3, association of Al+3 ions with NiO, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 167, pp. 57-64 (1998). [ Links ]
Rostrup-Nielsen, J. R., Catalytic Steam Reforming. In: Catalysis: Science and Technology, J.R. Anderson and M. Boudart. New York: Springer Verlag , Vol.5, pp.1-117, 1984. [ Links ]
Rostrup-Nielsen, J.R. and Alstrup, I., Innovation and Science in the Process Industry. Steam reforming and hydrogenolysis, Catalysis Today, 33, pp. 311-316, 1999. [ Links ]
Ruckenstein, E. and Hu, Y.H., Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over Nickel/Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 133, pp. 149-161(1995) [ Links ]
Sinfelt, J.H., Bimetallic Catalysts: Discoveries, Concepts and Applications, Wiley, New York (1983). [ Links ]
The British Sulpur Corp. LTD. Ammonia Manufacture. Reforming the Front End, Nitrogen, 195, p.p.22-36 (1992). [ Links ]
Twigg, M. V., Catalyst Handbook, 2nd ed, Manson Publishing, London (1997). [ Links ]
Received: February 13, 2003;
Accepted: December 15, 2003
* To whom correspondence should be addressed


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