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Modernist Poets E.E. Cummings, Wallace Stevens, and T.S. Eliot Change the Face of American Poetry
Modernist Poets E.E. Cummings, Wallace Stevens, and T.S. Eliot Change the Face of American Poetry
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Modernist poets such as E.E. Cummings, Wallace Stevens, and T.S. Eliot changed the face of American poetry by destroying the notion that American culture is far inferior to European culture. These and other American poets accomplished the feat of defining an American poetic style in the Modern Era by means of a truly American idea. That idea is the melting pot. Just as American culture exists as a mixture of races, beliefs, and ideas, the new American style of poetry exists as a mixture of old English styles with a new concept of the international style. Modern poets experiment with language, theme, and convention to "cleanse language and culture of old and worn-out meanings, and introduce to poetry what is American in thought, sensibility, perception, observation, and diction [. . .]. [T]hey become exemplary of the modern endeavors of consciousness itself" (McQuade 1241).
An important event that caused so many Modernist American poets to invoke the international style was the "expatriate immigration." Many American writers, artists, and musicians left for Europe, looking for new inspiration and fresh starts. Among those emigrating were Eliot, Pound, Hughes, Cummings, and Frost. Once in Europe, there writers were exposed to the new avant-garde art and poetry taking place there. At this time, the writers began to draw inspiration from and to imitate European writers. T. S. Eliot began to imitate the topics and tones of the French poets Charles Bauldelaire and Jules LaForgue, the latter for his bourgeoisie satire. Eliot's poetry written while in Europe displayed a satire that was foreign to American readers. Such is seen in "Th...
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...ty at the time-to escape the expectations of a system which no longer works, to break free from the oppression of the social rank-and-file, and to gain true personal freedom.
Works Cited
Cummings, E.E. "[in Just-]." McQuade, et al. 2: 1419.
-. "[she being brand]." McQuade, et al. 2: 1421.
-. "[the Cambridge ladies who live in furnished souls]." McQuade, et al. 2: 1420.
McQuade, Donald, et al. Ed. The Harper American Literature. 2nd ed. 2 vols. New
York: HarperCollins, 1993.
-. "The Literature of Modernism: Poetry 1912-1940." McQuade et al. 2: 1233-1242.
Stevens, Wallace. " Anecdote of the Jar." McQuade, et al. 2: 1279.
-. "The Plain Sense of Things." McQuade, et al. 2: 1286.
Williams, William Carlos. "To Elsie." McQuade, et al. 2: 1304.
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DAME Shirley Bassey showed she was a big-hearted spender yesterday as she dispensed the first scholarship in her name and donated a stunning dress to a college in her native Cardiff.
The internationally-famous singer paid a five-hour visit to the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama to judge four post-graduate singers vying for the first of the annual £3,000 scholarships.
The fund was set up to help young up-and-coming vocalists after Dame Shirley granted the college £125,000 from the auction of her 50 most cherished gowns last year.
And as an added bonus she unveiled the shimmering Welsh Dragon gown worn at the opening ceremony of the 1999 Rugby World Cup and which yesterday went on display in the college's new foyer.
Speaking at the champagnereception she said, "I'm glad I was able to be of some help and the gowns went to a worthy cause.
"I'm sure they're very happy - although I know they didn't like to leave me
and I did shed a little tear when they started to go.
"It was a sad moment because I had a love affair with my gowns. They saw me through some great successes in my life."
Dressed in an elegant black and white coat with co-ordinating shoes and handbag, black trousers and topped off with a black hat with an understated black feather, Dame Shirley showed she has not lost her golden touch as she spoke to individual staff and students for half-an-hour and gladly posed for camera-phone photographs.
Lyn Davies, head of vocal studies, said, "Dame Shirley's contribution is hugely important because students in this day and age do need all the financial support they can get and her money will enable at least one student to benefit from a high level of post-graduate training and it may well give rise to us seeing a future talent of international significance."
The £250,000 raised from last year's sale at Christie's Auction House in London was split equally between the Noah's Ark Appeal for a national children's hospital for Wales and the college, of which she became a Fellow in 1993.
College principal Edmond Fivet said, "Helping young talented pupils in Wales is something that's very close to her heart and that's not just words.
"She was saying if only there were these opportunities available when she was young.
"But I must say she seems to have had a fantastic career without it."
Since first opening its doors in 1949, the college has counted Sir Anthony Hopkins, singer Iris Williams, comedian Rob Brydon and actor Dougray Scott among its most illustrious alumni.
Indeed, the college already boasts a restored mews building named the Anthony Hopkins Centre in honour of its most famous student.
Mr Fivet added, "I was really thrilled during the course of that evening [of the gown auction] she kept talking about 'her college'. It is her college."
To which Dame Shirley quipped, "I thought it was Anthony Hopkins' college. Sorry, I couldn't resist that."
The singer who was awarded the scholarship yesterday was soprano Catrin Aur Davies, a history graduate from the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.
The other three vocalists shortlisted for the scholarship were: soprano Nicola Hughes, who recently won the Morriston Orpheus Young Singer Prize; tenor Brett Robinson, a second-year postgraduate who has previously worked at the BBC; and soprano Mari Wyn Williams, who won the Towyn Roberts Award for promising young singers at last year's National Eisteddfod.


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There were many questions from the audience, who were much more interactive than normal. This gave us an idea of where to orientate ourselves for the next talks, so as the RomaJS community we have an idea of what people might or might not like and it's a different way of asking "What do you want to talk about?" So it was a starting point for other talks, rather than being an end in itself.
Exactly. It was a bit of a pretext to tackle a problem that has always been taken for granted, and even talking about it in a simple way has created that context to start a discussion. This has led to dissecting the doubts within the community, which are the less well-known aspects.
Yes, we have a black box, which comprises the tools for debugging. We opened it up and said "We use these, this is what you can do, do you use them in another way?, do you have any other techniques?, are there any things you use that we haven't talked about?". This was a more open way to make this box a little less dark, a little more explorable.
It was halfway through the talk, so there was a bit of a general overview and an intentionally complex application was built to do what it had to, i.e. highlight advanced features that are worth bringing out in special cases. By using the debugger tool it's possible to see and study performance.
I definitely recommend looking at the relevant Google documentation. Though it's specific to Google Chrome, it's very well done documentation covering almost all of the more or less similar debugging tools. They all have a default set of tools. In addition to this, I'd say to focus on two tools: definitely a debugger, and try using it, try doing PLAY or STOP while running an application. The subject of performance is a subject which comes up a lot in the field of development. Everyone talks about it, but few measure it. The dept tools have a tool to measure it, you have to learn to decipher what it's saying, so I advise everyone to play around it a bit.
I'm a member of two AperiTech communities: one is RomaJS, the other one is Rust Roma, recently founded by me and two other guys, with the aim of spreading knowledge about connected data in the Rome area. In RomaJS, on the other hand, I became part of something that already existed; I try to help as much as possible by giving talks or finding speakers. I deal with web development, in particular front-end. I specialise in "data visualisation", taking data and making it usable in a visual way for the people who have to work with it. Both the analyst and end user. I did this abroad for many years and, on returning to Italy, I wanted to bring all this to Rome too. I also attend other meetups, such as Machine Learning meetups. They already existed and I decided to participate, but only as an attendee.
I really like the discourse of artistic design, so I like reading design manuals, or reading how to express concepts in a visual way and I love the field of Data Journalism, I really like reading articles on this topic. I can't name any specific passion, sport, etc… I do a little bit of everything.
I like to solve complex problems, like Sherlock Holmes: there's the case, then the clues. You can try to dissect as much as possible. This was the beginning of everything. I found myself working in the field of data visualisation and business intelligence and I thought "Oh, look how cool this is!". I can show something and it's something nice that helps people solve problems with fraud, cyber attacks or various other things.
The action of building something and having immediate feedback is something that drives my passion beyond the simple technical desire to solve an algorithm. It's seeing that moment when someone sees what you've done and says: "Ah, this seems interesting," even if they haven't yet understood what you're talking about, just from seeing an image. That can be an interface or it can be data or different things. It's the practical aspect of working in this field.
Mainly, I don't sleep! Sometimes there just doesn't seem to be enough time. In general, I try to systematically use some tools, like Twitter, that I find very handy for tracking the latest news, and there are some sites in particular, Hacker News, or some more specific site. Turn to some more niche blogs or chat apps like Slack or some community newsletters. I really believe in the community's active role in keeping you up to date. In the end, you can read as much as you want, but having a discussion with someone who has actually used those things gives you a different perspective on what you're thinking of doing or would like to do. I find going to the meetups very useful.


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SUPPLY AGREEMENT ---------------- NEPHROS, Inc., a company organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, having offices at 3960 Broadway, New York, NY 10032, USA and at 1st Floor, Suite 5, The Avenue, Beacon Court, Sandyford, Dublin 18, Ireland (hereinafter referred to as "NEPHROS") and Membrana GmbH, a company organized and existing under the laws of Germany having offices at Oehder Str. 28, D-42289 Wuppertal, Germany (hereinafter referred to as "Membrana") WHEREAS, Membrana is engaged, inter alia, in the manufacture and sale of membranes for medical applications, in particular capillary membranes for hemodialysis, and is interested in selling such membranes to NEPHROS; WHEREAS, NEPHROS is a medical products company and is engaged, inter alia, in the hemodialysis business and intends to manufacture hemodialyzers/hemodiafilters with capillary membranes and, therefore, is interested in purchasing capillary membranes from Membrana for incorporation into such dialyzers. NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto hereby agree to the following: Article 1: Scope of the Agreement ---------------------------------- This Agreement shall govern all deliveries from Membrana to NEPHROS of all blood contacting capillary membrane types for dialysis that Membrana can, during the term of this Agreement make, including, without limitation DIAPES HF800* or DIAPES HF800XP capillary membranes as specified in Sheet no. 079/0107/000 attached hereto as Annex I (hereinafter referred to as "DIAPES") and the DIAPES Capillary Membrane Primary Bundles as specified in Sheet no. 079/0000/000 attached hereto as Annex II and set forth below ("Primary Bundles"). (The use of marketing or labelling materials containing the DIAPES(R) name by Nephros is not allowed in Japan) Article 2: Specification of Primary Bundles -------------------------------------------- Membrana shall produce Primary Bundles for NEPHROS from DIAPES according to the specifications listed below: * * * The parties may agree in writing to modify the above specifications and/or add additional specifications, according to NEPHROS's needs and Membrana's capabilities. In case of a <PAGE> 2 switch to a new specification, unless otherwise agreed to in writing by Membrana, NEPHROS shall purchase all bundles with the former specification, if any, which NEPHROS had ordered and, at the time of the switch, are still in stock at Membrana. If dialysis membrane types other than, or in addition to, DIAPES HF800* or DIAPES HF800XP will be supplied by Membrana to NEPHROS then a signed supplement will be added to this Agreement before the first shipment of such membranes (any such membranes, together with DIAPES HF800* and Primary Bundles are referred to herein collectively as "Product"). Article 3: Prices ----------------- 3.1 The prices for Products containing DIAPES shall be as follows: The parties agree on the following volume-discounted price schedule for the purchase of quantities of Product per calendar year. If any incomplete calendar year constitutes a portion of the term (any "Incomplete Year") of this Agreement, then, for such Incomplete Year, each of the volume thresholds set forth below shall be prorated by multiplying it by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days included in such Incomplete Year, and the denominator of which is 365. -------------------------------- --------------------------- Annual Volume, (Calendar Year) Average Price Km of membrane (millions) [Euro/km] -------------------------------- --------------------------- * * * * * * For purposes of calculating prices under this table "volume" will be calculated as the sum of kilometres of DIAPES ordered by NEPHROS from Membrana through purchase orders issued for delivery during the calendar year indicated by the purchase order due date. Each Product delivery will be included in the "volume" quantity for one calendar year only. Any quantities of Product not delivered in the calendar year indicated by the purchase order due date will be deemed delivered on the due date solely for purposes of calculating annual volume, and shall be delivered as soon as possible in the next calendar year, using the original purchase order number. The final price for annual volumes that fall between these listed values is calculated via linear interpolation of the average prices of the immediately lower and higher price levels, rounding volumes to the closest 1,000 kilometres. The resulting price will be rounded to two decimal places (i.e., hundredths of Euro). Example: annual volume = * * * actual price = * * * At the conclusion of the calendar year, when all purchase orders have been placed, the cumulative annual volume will be determined. If NEPHROS's total kilometres of DIAPES purchased for the year exceed the amount used to set the invoice price for that year, then Membrana shall pay NEPHROS a refund so that NEPHROS's total purchase expenditure is made equal to the expenditure that would have occurred if the price for the actual volume had been invoiced all year. Such payment shall be made by January 31 of the following year. Conversely, if NEPHROS's total kilometres of membrane purchased are less than the quantity used to set the invoice price, then NEPHROS shall pay Membrana a refund so that NEPHROS's total purchase expenditure is made equal to the expenditure that would have occurred if the price for <PAGE> 3 the actual volume had been invoiced all year. Such payment shall be made by January 31 of the following year. -- 3.2 Each year in * * * NEPHROS and Membrana shall reach an agreement on invoice price for the following year. Such invoice price shall be set according to the pricing table set forth above in paragraph 3.1, and the volume reasonably and jointly expected for the following year. The prices have to be understood as ex works Wuppertal, packing included. 3.3 If NEPHROS exercises the * * *, the form of which is attached hereto as Annex III, then the prices and price adjustment provisions set forth in this Article 3 shall only apply to purchases in calendar year 2004 to the extent that they yield a price per kilometre that is less than * * *. 3.4 Each month NEPHROS shall provide Membrana with a non-binding forecast indicating its expected requirements of Products for the three months following the month for which orders have been placed. 3.5 The delivered volume per bundle type may exceed or fall below the ordered/confirmed amount by * * *. Article 4: Payment and Delivery Terms ------------------------------------- 4.1 NEPHROS shall send the purchase order at least * * * weeks before shipment date, indicating the membrane type, bundle specification, number of bundles, and the requested shipping date. Membrana will send NEPHROS an order confirmation indicating the details of the relevant order and providing a definite date of shipment. Any deviations from this confirmation will be communicated to NEPHROS as soon as they become known. 4.2 Membrana will invoice NEPHROS at time of shipment, consistent with ex-works Wuppertal terms. 4.3 NEPHROS shall effect the payment of the purchase price in Euro by * * *, net. Payment shall be made by wire transfer to Membrana's account * * *, or as otherwise specified by Membrana from time to time. Article 5: Quality Data & Technical & Scientific Support ------------------------------------------------------- With each shipment, Membrana shall provide to both NEPHROS and the "ship-to" location the `QC Data List' and the `Attachment to MQ-Specification' as given in ANNEX IV. At NEPHROS's request, Membrana shall provide NEPHROS with technical and scientific information about each Product, including such information regarding the membrane types used. Article 6: This article intentionally blank. -------------------------------------------- Article 7: * * * ---------- Article 8: Confidentiality -------------------------- Each of Membrana and NEPHROS (in such capacity, the "Receiving Party") shall keep <PAGE> 4 strictly confidential any information disclosed by the other (in such capacity, the "Disclosing Party") during the term of this Agreement which is confidential by nature or expressly marked as confidential (collectively, "Confidential Information"), and shall include, without limitation all purchase orders, prices, quantities and membrane specifications. The Receiving Party shall at all times keep documents or other materials containing Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party in a secure place, shall not use such Confidential Information for any purpose other than its performance under, and its evaluation of the relationship created by, this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed to in writing, and shall not disclose any of the Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party in any manner whatsoever, in whole or in part, for any reason or purpose whatsoever except if such Receiving Party is required by a court of competent jurisdiction to so disclose after notice has been given to the Disclosing Party and the Disclosing Party has had an opportunity to oppose such disclosure or seek a protective order to the extent practicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, "Confidential Information" shall not include anything the Receiving Party can establish (1) is generally known to the public other than as a result of the breach by the Receiving Party or any affiliate of the Receiving Party of an obligation of confidentiality to the Disclosing Party, (2) was known by the Receiving Party (as evidenced by written records) prior to its receipt by the Receiving Party from the Disclosing Party, (3) was disclosed to the Receiving Party by a third party under no obligation of confidence, or (4) was developed by the Receiving Party independently of any disclosure made by the Disclosing Party to the Receiving Party, provided, that the Receiving Party shall have the burden of showing that such information was developed independently of any disclosure by the Disclosing Party. Article 9: Term --------------- 9.1 This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature of the last signing party (the "Effective Date") and shall remain in force until terminated in accordance with this Article 9. 9.2 Either NEPHROS or Membrana (in such capacity, the "Terminator") may terminate this Agreement by notice to the other (in such capacity, the "Terminatee") upon the occurrence of any of the following: (a) the Terminatee fails to perform any covenant or agreement contained herein in any material respect and such failure is not curable or if curable is not cured within 30 days of notice from the Terminator; (b) A petition for an order of relief under any bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization statute is filed against the Terminatee and is not discharged or dismissed or stayed within 60 days thereafter or a custodian, receiver or trustee is appointed for the Terminatee or substantially all of its business or assets, or the Terminatee ceases business, makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, resolves to go into voluntary liquidation or is adjudicated a bankrupt or otherwise seeks relief pursuant to any bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization statute or proceeding. 9.3 On or after the fourth anniversary of the Effective Date, either NEPHROS or Membrana may terminate this Agreement at any time, with or without cause, upon months] advance written notice to the other. 9.4 Termination of this Agreement will not affect any purchase orders existing on the date of termination, which will continue to be governed by this Agreement. Furthermore, Articles 6, 8 and 10 shall survive any termination of this Agreement. <PAGE> 5 Article 10: Choice of Law, Arbitration -------------------------------------- All disputes arising in connection with the present contract shall be finally resolved by arbitration in New York, New York before a single arbitrator in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association then in effect. The decision of the arbitrator shall be final, binding and conclusive on the parties and the arbitrator shall have the power to award costs and expenses. Any such decision may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction. Article 11: Miscellaneous ------------------------- 11.1 Except as otherwise provided for this agreement, Membrana's General Conditions of Sale (the "General Conditions"), enclosed as Annex V, shall apply. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing: Sections V.2., VII.2., and Article XI of the General Conditions shall not apply to this Agreement; the references to the "Buyer" in Sections VIII.1(c) and VIII.3 of the General Conditions shall be deemed to include any of NEPHROS's distributors or customers and any end-user of NEPHROS's products; and the limitation of liability contained in Section VIII.4 of the General Conditions shall not apply to damages that are brought about by wilful intent or gross negligence. 11.2 If any provision of this agreement should become invalid this shall in no way interfere with the validity of the remaining provisions. The parties will then replace the provision declared invalid by another provision coming the closest possible to the provision declared invalid. 11.3 All notices, certificates, acknowledgments, consent, approvals and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed by certified U.S. mail or German equivalent, sent through an international overnight delivery service or delivered by personal delivery to any party hereto at its address as set forth in the preamble to this Agreement. Delivery of any notice, certificate, acknowledgment, consent, approval or other communication hereunder shall be effective upon actual receipt thereof. 11.4 The rights and obligations under this Agreement shall not be assignable without the prior written consent of the other party. 11.5 Any modifications of this Agreement must be made in writing. 11.6 This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between NEPHROS and Membrana and supersedes any previous agreement between the parties relating to the subject matter of this agreement. <PAGE> 6 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the respective dates set forth below. New York, December 17, 2003 Wuppertal, December 16, 2003 ----------------- ----------------- NEPHROS, INC. Membrana GmbH By: /s/ Norman J. Barta By: /s/ Ulf Seidel --------------------------- ------------------------------ Name: Norman J. Barta Name: Dr. Ulf Seidel Title: CEO Title: VP Sales and Marketing Medical By: /s/ Anthony Mancusi ------------------------------ Name: Dr. Anthony Mancusi Title: Key Account Manager, Americas <PAGE> 7 ANNEX I ------- DIAPES Data Sheet * * * <PAGE> 8 ANNEX II -------- Primary Bundles Data Sheet * * * <PAGE> 9 ANNEX III --------- * * * <PAGE> 10 ANNEX IV -------- QC Data List & Attachment to MQ-Specification * * * <PAGE> 11 ANNEX V ------- General Conditions of Sale of Membrana GmbH I. Exclusive validity of our conditions of sale All of our quotations and tenders are based on our General Conditions of Sale. We accept purchase orders exclusively on these terms. General terms and conditions of the purchaser or agreements deviating from our Commercial Code shall be binding on us only if we expressly recognise them in writing. With the placing of an order or the acceptance of work of services the purchaser recognises the validity of our General Terms and Conditions not only for the business transaction in question, but also for all future business transactions. II. Area of application Our General Terms and Conditions shall apply only to legal transactions with companies in the sense of the German Civil Code. III. Delivery 1. As soon as the goods leave our works or our warehouse or are made available to the Buyer ready for shipping in a manner establishing default in acceptance, all transport risks shall pass to the Buyer. 2. Periods and deadlines agreed upon for our services and work shall only be deemed to be binding, if they are expressly designated as such by us. A delivery period or a delivery date shall be deemed to have been adhered to, if the goods have left our works or our sales warehouse by the expiry of the period. 3. Force Majeure and other obstructions which are beyond our control such as war, mobilisation, fire, strike and lockout and suchlike shall exempt us, for the duration of such disturbance and its consequences, from the obligation to deliver. Should such circumstances occur, after we have defaulted, the consequences of default shall remain excluded for the duration of their effectiveness. If the delivery period agreed upon is exceeded by more than two months, the Buyer and the Seller shall be entitled to cancel the part of the contract not performed. <PAGE> 4. The Buyer must, if the delivery period is exceeded, set a reasonable extension of the period in writing. If we have not performed the work or service within this additional period, the Buyer shall be entitled to cancel the contract. 5. From the exceeding of a period for performance or a performance date or from performance default the Buyer shall not be entitled to derive any claims for damages against us, unless the exceeding of the period or deadline is due to wilful intent or gross negligence on the part of one of our statutory representative or of one of our vicarious agents. 6. We shall be entitled to effect part deliveries and to invoice each part delivery in itself, as far as a part delivery is tolerable for the Buyer. The re-sale of the goods delivered using decorative and packaging material owned by us shall require our prior written consent. 7. Seller may deliver against any order an excess or deficiency of up to 10 % of the quantity ordered. The quantity actually delivered will be invoiced. IV. Payment 1. Besides the prices agreed, the Buyer must pay the statutory value-added or turnover tax at the currently applicable rate. 2. Retention of due payments or offsetting shall be possible only on the basis of claims of the purchaser which have been the subject of non-appealable court decisions or have been recognised by us in writing. 3. All costs arising in connection with the contract in the country of the Buyer including fees and taxes which were not known at the time of the conclusion of the contract shall be borne by the Buyer. 4. If, after the conclusion of the contract, circumstances come to our knowledge which appear to make the credit worthiness of the purchaser doubtful, we can, at our discretion, demand cash in advance or provision of securities. 5. In case of late payment by Buyer, Buyer shall, without prejudice to any other right of Seller, be liable to pay interest at a yearly rate of 8 % in excess of the basic interest rate (Euribor). <PAGE> V. Retention of title 1. The goods supplied by us shall remain our property up to the complete settlement of all of our receivables from the reciprocal business relationship including any possible current account balance. The goods may not be pledged to others or transferred as security. 2. Should we as a result of a combination of the goods supplied by us with the goods of the purchaser not acquire co-ownership, but lose our property, the ownership or co-ownership of the Buyer of the new item shall immediately pass to us upon its creation. All expectant rights which could lead to such an acquisition of ownership or co-ownership by the Buyer, are now already assigned to us by the latter. Any possible transfer necessary by us for the acquisition of the ownership or co-ownership shall be replaced by the agreement that the party ordering a goods preserves the item for us like a borrower, or, if the party ordering a good does not own the item, by the assignment of the entitlement to surrender against the owner to us already agreed hereby. The ownership or co-ownership arising for us is to be treated legally like the original goods. Otherwise the goods supplied by us and subject to retention of title are also to be treated with care. 3. If the Buyer, despite default, does not pay or if the Buyer threatens to become insolvent, the Buyer must, at our request, surrender the goods subject to retention of title for our free disposal. The taking-back of goods subject to retention of title does not constitute any cancellation of the contract. 4. All receivables of the Buyer from re-sale of goods of which we have ownership or co-ownership (goods subject to retention of title) shall already pass to us upon the conclusion of the transaction of sale. This shall apply whether the goods are sold to one or to several customers. The purchaser must collect the receivables assigned. We can revoke this authority, if the purchaser does not punctually meet one of his obligations towards us or if circumstances come to our knowledge which make our rights appear threatened. 5. We undertake, at the request of the Buyer, to release the securities (goods and accounts receivable) to which we are entitled according to the above rules at our discretion, if their value exceeds the claims to be secured by more than 20 %. For the valuation of the security their realisable value (securing value) is decisive. 6. If our retention of title loses its validity in the case of supplies abroad or for other reasons, the purchaser shall be obliged to grant to us without delay security for the items supplied or <PAGE> any other security for our accounts receivable which will be effective according to the law applicable in each case and come as close as possible to the retention of title according to German law. 7. The Buyer shall be obliged to insure the goods subject to retention of title with the due care and diligence of a prudent businessman and on request to provide evidence to the effect that this insurance has been taken out. The Buyer already now assigns to us his claims under this insurance by way of security. VI. INCOTERMS The usual commercial terms such as FOB and CIF shall apply in accordance with the INCOTERMS of the International Chamber of Commerce in the version as of the conclusion of the contract. VII. Claims concerning defects 1. Notices of defects must be sent in writing at the latest within 30 days of receipt of the goods - in the case of hidden defects without delay after their discovery - stating the invoice and packaging unit. Deviations with regard to the raw or colour shade of the goods supplied shall not be deemed to be defects, unless they lead to a considerable deterioration in the usability of the products made therefrom. 2. In the case of notices of defects sent in good time and justifiably we shall, at our discretion, have the right to reduce the purchase price by a reasonable amount or to supply a replacement. In the event of a failed delivery of replacement the purchaser shall have the choice between repeat delivery of a replacement, reasonable reduction of the price and returning of the goods after the refunding of the purchase price. Defects in one part of our performance shall not entitle the Buyer to complain about the performance as a whole. 3. If the Buyer wishes to further process the goods despite identifiable defects, he shall give us an opportunity to make comments in good time prior to this. 4. Claims of the purchaser based on defects shall be subject to the statute of limitations 12 months after the delivery of the goods. 5. Our warranties shall expire, if the goods are modified by others, moreover, our warranty shall expire, if the Buyer does not follow our instructions for use. <PAGE> VIII. Liability 1. For consequences a) of errors which occur during contract negotiations, in particular for the consequences of inadequate or incorrect advice given to the Buyer, b) the violation of non-essential contractual duties (subsidiary duties), for example a consulting or protection obligation, c) an unlawful act, unless it consists of injury for life and limb or the impairing of the health of the Buyer, we shall only accept liability if these consequences are due to wilful intent or gross negligence of one of our statutory representatives or one of our vicarious agents. 2. Should the Buyer suffer disadvantages as a result of the fact that we violate non-essential contractual obligations (subsidiary obligations), for example a consulting or protection obligation, we shall likewise only accept liability if these consequences are due to wilful intent or gross negligence of one of our statutory representatives or one of our vicarious agents. 3. For consequences, as long as they do not consist of injury of life and limb or the impairing of the health of the Buyer, or unlawful acts which one of our statutory representatives or one of our vicarious agents commit, we shall only accept liability if these consequences were brought about by wilful intent or gross negligence. 4. Where Seller gives technical advice to Buyer with respect to the processing or treatment of the goods, it is agreed that such advice is given without any liability on Seller's part. IX. Make-up and packaging material If the Buyer does not return decorative and packaging material which remains our property within a time limit to be determined by us on the terms and conditions laid down and in a state capable of being used we shall be entitled to invoice the Buyer for the replacement price and to demand immediate payment for it. If the Buyer provides evidence of damage considerably below the replacement price, only this is to be refunded. <PAGE> X. Marks and signs Marks and signs under which the goods are supplied must not be used for the products produces therefrom without our prior written consent. XI. Other provisions 1. The sales contract shall be subject to German law. The use of the Convention of the United Nations of 11.04.1980 concerning contracts on international purchase of goods shall be excluded. 2. The exclusive venue for all disputes about and resulting from the contract shall be Wuppertal. We shall, however, have the right to sue the Buyer at any other venue applicable to him. 3. Should any provision of this contract be or become ineffective, or should a gap emerge in this contract, the effectiveness of the remaining provisions shall not be affected by this. 4. In place of the ineffective provisions or in order to fill the gap a reasonable provision shall be inserted which, as far as legally possible, comes as close as possible to what the parties concluding the contract wanted or would have wanted according to the sense and purpose of the contract, if they had considered the point.
Source: OneCLE Business Contracts.


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The title may be won but Real Madrid will still be hoping Barcelona drop points before the end of the season.
If Los Blancos cannot cut the gap on the league champions, it will represent a new low when measuring up to their rivals.
The current 18-point gap between the sides would be the biggest end-of-season deficit ever between the teams, should it stay that way, according to a MARCA calculation.
Last season's 17-point distance, along with the 1984/85 and 1995/96 gaps, currently holds the record for the largest gulf ever in a season between the teams.
However, that will be eclipsed and Zinedine Zidane's men will set a new record in futility if they cannot pick up points and hope Barcelona slip up now that the title has been secured.
Real Madrid end the season end the season with home games against Villarreal and Real Betis booking ending a trip to Real Sociedad.
Meanwhile, the Azulgrana, who are still fighting for the Champions League and Copa del Rey, take on Celta, Getafe and Eibar.


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Lemonwood Candle
Lemonwood Candle
Designer: Michael Aram
Dimensions: 4.75"H, 3.75" Dia, 13.5 Oz
Material: Nickelplate, Goldtone, Oxidized, Glass, Soy Wax
Shipping- Use Code: FLATRATE $9.95
Lemonwood is a vivid fragrance that celebrates the herbal and grassy heart of citrus scent...capturing the spirit of dappled afternoon light among endless groves. The rich base notes are rooted in accords of precious wood, sage, cardamom and clove. Lily of the Valley and verbena create the core and the top notes sparkle with lemongrass, bergamot, lime and cypress.


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When you own a home, one of the most important things you have to concern yourself with is your roof. After all, your roof is your best line of defense against the elements and it helps protect the rest of your house. Use the following article to learn some helpful tips and tricks with regards to roofing.
Think about your own safety first. You should always assess the situation thoroughly before you begin any roofing repair job. This is because rushing up to fix your roof as soon as you notice a problem could result in a serious accident. For instance, you should never try to fix a roof when it is raining or extremely windy outside for obvious reasons.
When you're planning on installing a new roof, choosing a material mainly comes down to how long you plan on staying in the home. If you plan on selling the house soon, material that lasts 20 years may be appropriate. If you plan keeping the house and living in it long term, you'll save money in the long run by choosing materials that last 40 years or longer.
When replacing your roof, always use a reputable contractor. Make sure to find someone with experience and a good reputation in your area. While you might find that a less experienced roofer is also less expensive, keep in mind that you get what you pay for. Go for a professional, and your new roof will last!
If you have a leak and are going on your roof to search for it, bring a hose with you. You can spray the hose in order to find out where the leak is coming from. However, do not do this in the winter, as the water from the hose could cause ice.
Replace any missing shingles as soon as you notice that they have come loose. One missing shingle could eventually lead to thousands of dollars in damages. To make sure that this does not happen to you, you should check your roof once a month for any shingles that may have fallen off.
Maintaining your roof can be a hassle at times. However, it is very important you do so. Use the advice given in the article above to help you keep your roof in good shape throughout the year. If you take good care of your roof, your roof will take good care of you and your loved ones.


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Install Smart Job Board script and make small changes
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Bui, Thang (Schlumberger) | Forrest, James K. (Schlumberger) | Tewari, Raj Deo (Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd) | Henson, Richard Michael (Schlumberger) | Abu Bakar, Mohamad (Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd)
The Samarang Field is a complex stacked reservoir system, consisting of multiple sand packages separated by thin but continuous shale layers. The general reservoir structure is a faulted anticline. Most reservoirs have an oil rim with associated gas cap and have some natural water influx.
During the redevelopment study for Samarang field, an extensive IOR/EOR study was performed, focusing on the largest reservoirs of the field. A full-field simulation model for the M reservoirs (over 25% of the field STOOIP) was built and calibrated with the historical production, pressure, and fluid-contact movement data. Using this model and various cross section models, an extensive investigation was conducted to evaluate the benefit of injecting water and hydrocarbon gas to improve oil recovery in these reservoirs. The results indicated that updip water injection into the gas-cap region of the reservoirs is beneficial in improving oil recovery. Simultaneous updip water and downdip gas injection gave the highest oil recovery, compared to other injection schemes. This Gravity Assisted Simultaneous Water and Gas injection scheme (GASWAG) improved the sweep efficiency of the lower section on the inner part of oil rim with the downward movement of water and at the same time, increases the swept efficiency of the upper section on the outer part of oil rim with upward movement of injected gas.
The investigated EOR schemes for M reservoirs could potentially increase the cumulative oil production by 20 MMSTB compared to infill drilling only. This increase represents ~7% of OIIP. A significant fraction of this oil production can be produced by reactivating existing idle wells during the application of the EOR process. This paper describes the investigation of the gas and water injection to improve oil recovery in the M reservoir layers.
This paper proffers some guidelines for using a surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding operation so that the feasibility and profit can be optimized. Many successful projects have shown that surfactant-polymer flooding is an effective means to improve oil recovery after or during water-flooding. Here, the guidelines for evaluating whether a surfactant-polymer flood is suitable for a given field are developed and the procedure for a full implementation is summarized. These guidelines cover primary screening, laboratory measurements, reservoir simulation, economic analysis, pilot testing, and field application. Detailed methods also are presented for the optimization of chemicals (including compatibility tests between chemicals and reservoir fluids and rock), well pattern and spacing preparation, and slug and injection process design. The correlations between the above phases of operation are also emphasized. The work offers reservoir engineers a reference for decision-making in SP flooding.
Oil-production from Enhanced Oil Recovery projects continues to supply an increasing percentage of the world's oil. Taber, et al., (1997) estimated that 3% of the worldwide oil production came from EOR. That number has continued to increase and in the future it is expected that EOR will eventually produce the majority of the world's oil. Thus choosing the most efficient recovery method becomes increasingly important to petroleum engineers. Using a surfactant-polymer solution as an injectant is a technique to enhance oil recovery from a water-flooded reservoir by improving both displacement and sweep efficiencies. Polymer functions work by adding certain concentrations of water-soluble polymers to injection water to increase the injectant viscosity; surfactant functions work by adding certain concentrations of surfactants to injection water to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between the displacing and displaced phases. The polymer makes the displacing phase more closely match the viscosity of the in situ oil and thus achieves a more favorable mobility ratio (Hornof, et al. 1983; Needham and Doe 1987; Maitin, 1992; Melo, et al., 2005). Surfactant-polymer flooding reduces the interfacial tension between the trapped crude oil and its associated brine. Flow of the surfactant formulation through the reservoir allows the oil droplets trapped in small pore spaces to deform and become mobile oil. When the interfacial tension is reduced the capillary forces are reduced and the oil is allowed to flow. Once they are released these oil droplets then coalesce and form a new flowing oil bank. The more viscous polymer solution is used behind the surfactant to keep the surfactant and oil bank moving toward the producing wells. Surfactant-polymer processes result in a final oil saturation much lower than that produced by water-flooding and the more efficient reservoir sweep reduces the amount of injection fluid needed to recover a given amount of oil (Beghelli, et al., 1989; Roshanfekr, et al., 2008). A number of reviews on the application and benefits of surfactant-polymer flooding exist. Over the past thirty years, quite a few of surfactant-polymer flooding projects have been conducted on modest scales in China, especially at China's largest field, Daqing (Liu, et al. 2004).
Artun, Emre (Chevron ETC) | Ertekin, Turgay (Penn State University) | Watson, Robert William (Pennsylvania State University) | Al-Wadhahi, Majid Ahmed (Sultan Qaboos University) | Miller, Bernie J. (Miller Energy Technologies LLC)
Gas cyclic pressure pulsing is an effective EOR method in naturally fractured reservoirs. A limited number of studies concerning this method in the literature focuses on specific reservoirs and the optimum operating conditions have not been broadly investigated. In this study, we present a detailed parametric study of the process from both operational and reservoir perspectives. Incremental oil production, peak oil rate and net present value (NPV) are considered as the important markers for the performance criteria. The necessary analyses are performed for a single-well, dual-porosity, compositional reservoir model. In the first part of the study, parametric studies are conducted to develop a better understanding of the operational parameters affecting the process performance, in the shallow, naturally fractured, and depleted reservoirs of Big Andy Field in Eastern Kentucky. These include analyses of various design parameters such as soaking period, cycle rate limit, number of cycles, cycle and cumulative injected gas volumes. In the second part of the study, reservoir characteristics are investigated. Comparative discussions are presented between cases with CO2 and N2 as the injected gas on reservoir fluids of different compositions (heavy, black and
volatile oils). Influences of area, thickness, fracture/matrix permeabilities, initial reservoir pressure and temperature on the process are studied. It is observed that N2, as a lower-cost gas, would be a better choice than CO2 in the Big Andy Field. With the oil price used in this study, the cost of injected gas becomes relatively insignificant in economic considerations. Increased income due to increased oil production overcomes the increased costs with higher volumes of gas. The way reservoir characteristics affect the process performance is very similar in cases with CO2 and N2, but differs significantly in different reservoir fluids. Thicknesses ranging between 20 and 50 ft produced more favorable results. A higher efficiency was observed with smaller drainage areas (5-8 acres) in the presence of
heavy oil. For the cases with volatile and black oil, it is seen that the process efficiency is not significantly altered by the area. The phase behavior of the reservoir fluid is very important for the performance of the process. Initial pressure/temperature of the reservoir, and therefore, the initial fractions of gas/liquid phases affect the process efficiency in a more pronounced manner.
Strauss, Jonathan Patrick (Petroleum Development Oman) | Alexander, David Mobey (Petroleum Development Oman) | Al Azri, Nasser Said (Petroleum Development Oman) | Al-Habsi, Mohammed (Petroleum Development Oman) | Al-Musallami, Talal (Petroleum Development Oman) | Koning, Maartje (Petroleum Development Oman) | Eriavbe, Francis Eseoghene (Shell Petroleum Dev Nigeria SPDC) | Mukmin, Mukmin (Petroleum Development Oman) | Al-Jarwani, Riyadh Mohammed (Petroleum Development Oman) | Landman, Anke Jannie (Shell Intl. E&P Co.)
This paper covers EOR development concept screening from a sub-surface perspective. The field in question is a medium sized heavy oil field with complex geology that is located in South Oman. The two front running concepts considered are steam and polymer flood, both of which present their own challenges. Common to both concepts are the difficulty in obtaining adequate conformance in a field that is characterised by high and highly variable permeabilities in a channelised environment and that includes lateral extensive shales that break the system up into vertically distinct sand units. Additional challenges are presented by a permeable regional scale aquifer, an erosive top surface that reduces the equivalent oil column (EOC) in the core of the field leaving thicker columns laterally close to the edge aquifer and the friable nature of the sand that makes sand control necessary. Challenges specific to steam are the relatively high initial pressure, inferred connection to a regional-scale strong aquifer, and relatively high CAPEX associated with the development. Polymer on the other hand represents a relatively untested option for oil with viscosities of greater than 400cP as are present in this field.
Modelling work used to identify risks and the subsequent development potential of these two options is presented. Potential development and maturation solutions for the various options are discussed and concepts are compared.
Field Background
The structure is a four-way dip closed anticline caused by outward salt withdrawal and dissolution from salt walls outside the field limits (Figure 1). No extensional forces are required to develop this structure. A significant feature of the structure is its 'bow-tie' shape, which is caused by the embayment in the south-east. This embayment is a result of the salt dissolution and is flanked by faults. The oil bearing reservoir is characterised by thin 10-20m Middle to Lower Gharif Permian age fluvial sandstones, of which the two upper Middle Gharif units (HSGHM4a and HSGHM4c) are the main pay that the developments target and will continue to focus upon (Figure 2). The lowest unit, HSGHLG2, is only oil bearing across the crest of the field and contains a small oil column with bottom water. It only accounts for a very small proportion of the total STOIIP and if it were to be brought on production is subject to extreme water coning behaviour and as such does not represent an attractive target for development. The three oil bearing units are separated by laterally extensive floodplain shales (HSGHLG1 and HSGHM4b) and unconformably overlain by the Nahr Umr Lower Cretaceous shales (Figure 2). The Gharif formation is underlain by the extensive glacial lacustrine 'Rahab Shale'. Additional non-extensive shales are also present within the units, particularly in the uppermost HSGHM4c unit. The unconformity has resulted in some of the upper units of the reservoir being absent; no Upper Middle or Upper Gharif sands are present in the crest. In the three cores obtained in the field, the sandstones are observed to be very friable. Core permeabilities are typically high with 60% of the population above 1D and an upper limit of 10D that is more a reflection of measurement capability and core integrity than intrinsic permeability. Production performance supports the presence of multi-darcy (>5D) sands and three wireline mini-DSTs give single sand unit horizontal permeability averages of 4 to 8D.
Wang, Demin (Daqing Oil Company) | Liu, Chunde (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development) | Wu, Wenxiang (Daqing Petroleum Institute) | Wang, Gang (Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd.)
ASP (alkali, surfactant, polymer) flooding has obtained good results in the field. However, it has serious "scale?? and "emulsion?? and "chromatographic separation?? problems, and because of the reaction of alkali with the formation, it cannot be used at high temperature conditions. A relatively pure surfactant that attains ultra-low Interfacial Tension (IFT) between crude oil and formation water without adding alkali into the system needs to be developed.
A mechanism (or condition) for surfactants to form ultra-low IFT at low concentrations is put forward. According to this mechanism, the chemical structure of 5 series of surfactants is designed, more than 30 specific surfactants were synthesized, all the above surfactants types and most of the specific surfactants attained ultra-low IFT (less than 9X10-3mN/m) with the crude oil and formation water systems. In the above surfactants, a series of "Betaine Amphoteric Surfactants?? (a relatively pure surfactant with only one or two effective molecular structures) are the most promising. The surfactant was comprehensively evaluated. Besides the make-up water, it does not require additional "alkali??, "salts??, "co-surfactants??, "alcohols?? or "solvents?? into the system; the IFT between the driving fluid and crude oil of many reservoirs can reach an ultra-low IFT value at concentrations of only 10 ~ 3000ppm; it is tolerant to salinities up to 229,000ppm, divalent ions 21,000ppm, temperatures 98?. Test on cores shows that the recoveries of flooding by SP (surfactant, polymer) systems using this surfactant are higher than that by ASP systems using alkyl-benzene-sulphonates as the surfactant and NaOH as the alkali, its total recovery can reach above 70% OOIP. Micro-visual oil displacement experiments show that this surfactant can also change the pore surface wettability and further increase the recovery.
The above results show that this is a very promising surfactant for chemical flooding, it can be used in very challenging reservoir conditions (very few reservoirs have conditions harsher than those listed above); the mechanism to achieve ultra-low IFT , which is put forward, is useful to the development of new surfactants for EOR and to chemical EOR itself; Surfactants that do not require alkali, co-surfactants, alcohols, salts and solvents in the system to attain ultra-low IFT should promote better understanding of the function of surfactants in chemical flooding.
Daqing Oilfield is one of the earliest which develop displacement technology by polyacrylamide (PAM). 1 ton polymer can increase 100 to 120 tons of oil, the recovery from above 40% to nowadays 50%. In view of the geological and physicochemical characteristics, a series of technologies have been developed, such as polymer flooding mechanism, the productivity forecasting, proposal optimization, domestic excellent quality polymer production, surface injection, downhole separate layer injection, and separate layer testing during injection, etc.. The oilfield is characterized by heterogeneous multi-layer sandstone reservoir, during polymer flooding, separate layer injection technology is also needed to alleviate the interlayer differences, enhance oil recovery and improve the whole development effect.
After polymer flooding in main oil layers, the object of polymer flooding in Daqing Oilfield turned to laminated layers with lower permeability and more interlayer differences, these layers were compatible to polymer solution with medium or low molecular weight, using polymer solution with the same molecular weight for displacement will cause difficult injection into these poor layers, and thus have an impact on polymer flooding effect. In order to solve this problem, a new technology is developed through injection of polymer solution with different pressure and different molecular weight in different layers, which can realize the adjustments of both separate layer polymer molecular weight and injection rate, and also field test was carried out in the polymer injection blocks, good results of well stimulation have been seen.
This paper briefly introduces the development and practice of separate layer polymer injection technologies, presents its focus on the principle, string structure and parameters of eccentric different molecular weights polymer injection technology and its field applications in Daqing oilfield.
Full-field production forecasting is a key requirement for facilities design and economic analysis during development of a
Field Development Plan (FDP). However, forecasting using relatively fine-grid thermal simulation models with over one
million grid blocks can require days or weeks to complete a run. Within the timeframe of a typical FDP project, teams must
often evaluate multiple geologic and reservoir engineering scenarios, development concepts, and uncertainty ranges in highsensitivity
variables in terms of their impact on production streams, costs, and overall project economics. During this
evaluation process, fast and flexible forecasting methods are favored over slower but perhaps more accurate methods.
Mukhaizna field is a giant heavy oil field in South Sultanate of Oman and is presently under steamflood. Following a period
of cold production development involving the drilling of 75 horizontal producers and resulting in very low recovery, a
steamflood FDP was developed over a period of six months. Based on this FDP, drilling of hundreds of horizontal producers
and thousands of vertical injectors is planned for the next 20 years. Mukhaizna is the first large-scale commercial steamflood
to use horizontal producers and vertical injectors.
Full field production forecasting for Mukhaizna was performed using a novel, fit-for-purpose workflow. Pattern-scale, finegrid
geologic models representing areas of distinctive flow unit and permeability architecture were built and simulated to
develop pattern production type curves. Full-field production forecasts were obtained by scaling up production streams from
type-curve simulation using a scale-up tool prototyped in Excel. Inputs to the scale-up tool included pattern STOOIP, drilling
sequence/schedule, production targets, and facilities constraints. Once type curve simulation was completed, any field
development scenario could be forecasted within a few hours. This paper 1) describes how the type-curve models were
defined, generated, and simulated; 2) how the detailed scale-up methodology was developed and applied in the Mukhaizna
Mukhaizna field is a heavy-oil discovery located in South Sultanate of Oman. The field, comprising a main North Structure
and a smaller South structure, was discovered over 30 years ago and has a long history of field appraisal and development
study activities. The field contains viscous, low gravity (14o to 18o API) crude oil in the shallow Permian-age sands of the
Gharif formation.
Primary "cold?? production from Upper and Middle Gharif reservoirs in the crestal area of the North structure has been ongoing
since 2000 as a precursor to future thermal development. 75 horizontal producers were drilled before 2004. A thermal trial in
the North structure consisting of six cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) wells on a pattern spacing of 465 ft was constructed in
2004 and 2005, but not put on production until 2006.
Hussein, Assef Mohamad (Schlumberger) | Minton, James (Schlumberger Reservoir Geomechanics CoE) | Rawnsley, Keith David (Petroleum Development Oman) | Li, Qiuguo (Schlumberger DCS) | Zhang, Xing (Schlumberger) | Koutsabeloulis, Nick C. (Schlumberger)
Steam injection into a shallow fractured and faulted reservoir has the potential to change the stress profile of the subsurface in such a way as to induce microseismic events that could eventually reactivate faults and fractures, especially if steam injection temperature is significantly high and fracture spacing is small. A 3D mechanical earth model (MEM) of a thermal gas/oil gravity recovery process illustrates the potential for steam to facilitate drainage by reducing viscosity of the heated matrix oil, leading to compaction that might be offset by upward movement of the surface in response to high steam temperatures. In our extreme case, the upward movement at ground level could be as high as ~26 cm over 35 years. High levels of vertical deformation are increasingly likely where faults extend to the surface. Understanding these processes is important to ensuring the safety of the facilities over extended production times in environments of this kind.
Stoll, Martin (Shell E&P International Ltd) | Al-Shureqi, Hamad (Shell E&P International Ltd) | Finol, Jose (Shell E&P International Ltd) | Al-Harthy, Said Amor (Petroleum Development Oman) | Oyemade, Stella Nneamaka (Shell Petroleum Dev Nigeria SPDC) | de Kruijf, Alexander (Petroleum Development Oman) | Van Wunnik, John N.M. (Petroleum Development Oman) | Arkesteijn, Fred (Shell EPT-R) | Bouwmeester, Ron (Shell Intl. E&P BV) | Faber, Marinus J. (Shell Intl. E&P BV)
After two decades of relative calm, chemical EOR technologies are currently revitalized globally. Techniques such as alkaline surfactant-polymer flooding, originally developed by Shell, have the potential to recover significant fractions of remaining oil at a CO2 footprint that is low compared to, for example, thermal enhanced oil recovery, and they do not depend on a valuable miscible agent such as hydrocarbon gas. On the other hand, chemical EOR technologies typically require large quantities of chemical products such as surfactants and polymers, which must be transported to, and handled safely in, the field.
Despite rising industry interest in chemical EOR, until today only polymer flooding has been applied on a significant scale whereas applications of surfactant-polymer (SP) or alkaline surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding were limited to multi-well pilots or to small field scale. Next to the oil price fluctuations of the past two decades, technical reasons that discouraged the application of chemical EOR are excessive formation of carbonate or silica scale and of strong emulsions in the production facilities.
Having identified significant target oil volumes for ASP flooding, Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), supported by Shell Technology Oman, carried out a sequence of single-well pilots in three fields, sandstone and carbonate, to assess the flooding potential of tailor-made chemical formulations under real subsurface conditions, and to quantify the benefits of full-field ASP developments.
The paper discusses the extensive design process that was followed. Starting from a description of the optimisation of chemical phase behaviour in test tubes as well as core-flood experiments, we elaborate how the key chemical and flow properties of an ASP flood are captured to calibrate a comprehensive reservoir simulation model. Using this model we evaluate PDO's single-well pilots and demonstrate how these results are used to design a pattern-flood pilot.
Lanier, Gary Howell (Petroleum Development Oman) | Kok, Apollo Leonard (Shell Italia E&P SpA) | Young-Mclaren, Andrea (Petroleum Development Oman) | Al-Riyami, Murshid Mohammed (Petroleum Development Oman) | Ambusaidi, Muneer Ahmed (Petroleum Development Oman) | Van Wunnik, John N.M. (Petroleum Development Oman)
In the South of Oman, several billion barrel heavy oil fields are located in a clastic reservoir setting. Many of the fields typically contain 200 - 2000 cP viscosity oil in good quality reservoirs at depths of about 1000 meters from the surface. These fields have usually been densely developed, often with horizontal wells, and produced cold for many years. Nevertheless, most of the oil-in-place will not be produced conventionally unless a suitable EOR technique is applied. Steam and polymer flooding are two potential EOR techniques, but each option faces technical and economic challenges. This paper focuses, for one of the fields in the Haima group, on the common challenge of well count reduction and utilizing the existing horizontal well stock by a combination of creative thinking and novel technology.
New vertical well patterns lead to high well counts and vertical injectors generally exhibit poor conformance in relation to existing horizontals. Even when the existing wells are closed in, the horizontal sections, in particular from dual-laterals, can often not be abandoned and will keep acting as conduits in a vertical pattern layout. New horizontal wells with conformance control equipment can provide a cost effective solution that compliments the existing horizontal well stock and provides better conformance and injectivity than vertical wells. Conformance control equipment that can withstand steam temperatures has recently been developed. For both the steam and polymer flooding options, the production technology and reservoir engineering aspects of horizontal well conformance control will be discussed in detail and compared to vertical wells. Simulation modelling results will demonstrate that even in relatively homogeneous reservoirs, conformance issues can significantly reduce recovery if not properly mitigated. In particular, injector versus producer conformance control, the number of discrete completion intervals and novel technology solutions will be discussed.


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Diamond Mining Company (DMC) is set to inject over US$10 million into its operations with the aim of improving the capacity of one of the plant from 200 tonnes to at least 400 tonnes of ore per hour.The joint venture firm between Pure Diamonds and Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation (ZMDC), which is on an ambitious upgrade of its existing infrastructure, is optimistic the investment will increase the plant's efficiency, create more employment opportunities and increase revenue to the fiscus.
Briefing members of the local Civil Society and journalists on a recent two day familiarisation tour of the diamond mining fields in Marange, DMC Assistant Recovery Manager, Mr. El-Ali Mohammed noted that the bulk of the investment will go towards the acquisition of key production infrastructure.
Meanwhile, the DMC also announced its intention to enhance its corporate social investment through the refurbishment of existing schools and clinics as well as construction of a community centre in the area.
The mining firm was recently confirmed KP compliant by KPCS monitors Mark van Bockstael and Abbey Chikane, bringing to four the number of compliant companies in Marange.


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Go to Admin » Appearance » Widgets » and move Gabfire Widget: Social into that MastheadOverlay zone
Christmas is a time for celebration, for putting all of your worries on the shelf for a while and enjoying hearty food and drinks with friends and family. What better way to enjoy the yuletide season than with some luxurious offerings from the Squires Loft Table in the ever popular and romantic Fisherman's Village!
The Squires Loft has a delectable menu packed full of 'something for everybody' goodies and some new items to boot!
The myriad of temptations are far too many to mention but a few of the Samui Times team favorites include the Trio of Homemade Dips found on the Entre menu – Tzatziki, Eggplant and Hummus served with crispy Pitta bread, the rich and pleasing Cheese Platter is another of our favorites with Cheddar, Brie and Blue Cheese served with biscuits, fruit and olives. Another entrée dish that gets our taste buds working overtime is the Mixed Sausage plate of Smoked port and Wagyu Beef Sausages, and of course the Beef skewered and marinated kebabs! Another welcome addition is the Lobster chargrilled with Garlic butter if you can tear yourself away from the mind blowing spare ribs that is!
Turning our attentions to the main course meals the amazingly lean and tender Eye Fillet never fails to impress, nor does the Rump or Porterhouse for that matter, if you like your beef with a decadent run of fat through the centre then the Scotch is a must order item and if you have a taste for the indulgent then the Black Angus Porterhouse is the one for you. If you fancy a fancy burger then look no further than the Wagyu burger marinated in the Squires Loft famous baste and if you fancy something fishy then the grilled Salmon will certainly satisfy your desire of the aquatic. That temping lobster (but this time whole) can also be found on the mains menu if you like your fruit of the ocean a little more up market!
For more information on the Squires loft why not click here to visit our restaurant review of this, one of our favorite venues in Koh Samui.
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Southern Georgian Bay OPP are currently investigating the discovery of animal carcasses in Awenda Provincial Park.
On Saturday December 10, 2016 before 1 p.m. a concerned citizen contacted the OPP after they came upon the carcass remains of a fur bearing animal that appears to be that of a coyote. The carcasses were located close to the snow mobile trail on Concession 17 East in Tiny Township.
Police also received information that the carcass remains of three other similar type animals were found four days prior to December 10, just inside the main entrance of Awenda Provincial Park.
The Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act prohibits hunting in various Provincial Parks including Awenda Provincial Park. The OPP and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry are continuing the investigation.
Anyone with information is asked to call the Ministry of Natural Resources Tip Line at 1-877-TIPS or the MNR main office at 705-725-7500.


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OTTAWA—Maxime Bernier is backing away from his controversial suggestion that "fake Conservatives" won Andrew Scheer the Conservative Party leadership.
Bernier, who came a close second in the party's 2017 leadership contest, is indefinitely postponing the release of his political memoirs that were due out in November this year.
"I realize that whatever I write, it will always be interpreted as me creating division and challenging our leader," Bernier, who declined interview requests, wrote on Twitter.
"This book and the ideas it contains are very important to me. But now is not the right time to publish it. After consideration, for the sake of maintaining harmony within our party, I have decided to postpone its publication indefinitely."
In an excerpt released last week, Bernier alleged the Quebec dairy lobby, unhappy with his position on axing the industry's protections, signed up "fake" Conservative Party members to block his leadership bid. Bernier suggested those members were the decisive reason he lost to Scheer.
"(Scheer) did what he thought he had to do to get the most votes, and that is fair game in a democratic system," Bernier wrote. "But this also helps explain why so many people are so cynical about politics, and with good reason."
A woman who answered the phone at Bernier's Parliament Hill office said the Beauce MP would not speak to the media Wednesday, but could not give a reason when asked. Bernier has refused repeated interview requests over the past week.
His Conservative caucus colleagues, including a former leadership rival, were not so tight-lipped.
Durham MP Erin O'Toole, who placed third in the leadership race, said Bernier's decision to cancel the book is "personal."
"Usually, memoirs are done at the end of a political career, so I think this is good. It means he's going to run for us and help us form government after the next election," said O'Toole.
"I think everyone grumbles after a leadership. Look, it was frustrating for me to lose. But I think Andrew's been doing a spectacular job, and I think Max sees that first hand."
Marilyn Gladu, a first-term MP from Sarnia who supported Scheer in the leadership, said she was glad Bernier decided to pull the book.
"I thought it was a distraction from the timing point of view, and it was really old news in terms of everybody understanding what he said at the time of the leadership race," Gladu told reporters.
"I think you'll continue to see a unified Conservative Party going forward, and Maxime has said that within the confines of our walls and he's said it outside as well."
Gladu confirmed the matter was discussed at the Conservative Party's caucus meeting in Ottawa on Wednesday, but declined to give any details about the discussion, citing caucus confidentiality.
"Within the caucus, it was discussed and I think the party came out with a unified front."
Scheer, however, has not commented publicly on Bernier's allegations, and Bernier remains the party's innovation critic. Scheer's office refused to confirm Bernier's decision to pull the book Wednesday, and declined to comment on the Quebec MP's assertions last week.
Bernier's book, dubbed Doing Politics Differently: My Vision for Canada, was due out in November from Optimum Publishing International. Optimum publisher Dean Baxendale did not respond to phone calls and emails Wednesday afternoon.


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Chateau Barde Haut 2005, 3 magnums
- Auction:
- Lot:
- 1189
- Sold for:
- $197$160
click on any image to enlarge
Chateau Barde Haut 2005
St. Emilion
3 magnums
Estimate $150-200
The absence of a condition statement does not imply that the lot is in perfect condition or completely free from wear and tear, imperfections or the effects of aging. Condition requests can be obtained via email (lot inquiry button) or by telephone to the appropriate gallery location (Boston/617.350.5400 or Marlborough/508.970.3000). Any condition statement given, as a courtesy to a client, is only an opinion and should not be treated as a statement of fact. Skinner Inc. shall have no responsibility for any error or omission.


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Flyingfreeforkea - Thoroughbred Sporthorse by Freefourinternet
FlyingFreeForKea is a beautiful gelding with a huge hip two rear socks and 1 front sock. He is out of Kea Lani , a by COUNTRY PINE and sired by FREEFOURINTERNET. The Freak (as he is affectionately known ) has been retired from racing and has become a fabulous sport horse. He has a very sweet temperament, loves affection and is an all around good soul. The Freak is our first born on the farm and very special to us. He has been used on trails and in the ring by beginners and more experienced riders. He is available for purchase or lease to the perfect situation.


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Ballet Bunny thumps her foot at the Spring storm to warn her friends and scare away the thunder. Will it work?
Today's Meditation: Imagine floating in a tranquil pool, safe and relaxed, as the water rocks you gently.
Looking for a podcast to help settle your child in for nap time or bed? You'll find them on Ahway Island. Be Calm on Ahway Island Podcast offers original bedtime stories, like "Brave Bunny" paired with meditations for kids. We help them drift off to sleep with a guided relaxation and a calming story. Gently nestled within each podcast episode are mindfulness techniques and positive learning moments. To learn more about our mission at Ahway Island and our team please visit our website.
Creating the original bedtime stories and art for Be Calm on Ahway Island takes a lot of time and care.
Since we are a listener-supported podcast, we survive on your tips and purchases. If your child enjoys a good story for nap time we would greatly appreciate you purchasing a T-shirt from our shop or making a donation to help us keep your favorite self-soothing podcast going. You can make a one-time donation or a recurring micro donation once a month. Just click on the link below or go to our website, www.ahwayisland.com.
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We hope your child loved "Brave Bunny." If so, we need your positive reviews to help others find us too. Please leave a 5 star review on your favorite podcast app like Apple Podcasts, our Amazon Alexa Skill page, or our social media pages to share your enthusiasm for our original stories with a positive message!
Please follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. Thank you for your help in spreading the word about our bedtime stories podcast, Be Calm on Ahway Island! As a result of your support you can check us out in the Washington Post article The 25 Best Podcasts for Kids by Frannie Ucciferri under the Best for Bedtime heading. We're also proud to be included in the Top 40 Growth Mindset Podcasts for Kids from Big Life Journal. Discover our top 10 listing in Feedspot's top 20 Kids Podcasts of 2019 ! Our most recent accolade is from ListenNotes, as one of 9 best podcasts for kids that entertain and educate! Thanks again and keep spreading the word!
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We are excited to tell you we are members of Kids Listen, and now you can check us out on the Kids Listen app! It's the first-ever listening app made just for kids and parents! Check out our show at app.kidslisten.org or the Kids Listen app in the iOS App Store!
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