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Smart Beanie with Wireless Bluetooth Headset & Mic
A soft knit and breathable forms a warm beanie with built-in wireless bluetooth 3.0 headset speaker/microphone and play controls on the side, you got yourself a Connected Hat. Answer calls easily with either voice control or built-in controls. Noise cancellation is a cool feature to have.Compatible with all bluetooth 3.0 smart devices
Hand wash cold, dry flat
Frequency Response Range: 20-20000Hz
Volume Control: Yes
Active Noise-Cancellation
USB Connector for charging
With Microphone
Resistance: 32Ω
Sensitivity: 95dB
Wireless Type: Bluetooth
Compatible with most smartphones and tablets
General guidelines
Some products might be shipped separately
Each item we ship may have different delivery times, this is because some products are packaged and shipped separately.
For example, we send a pair of shoes in special packaging. Obviously, a dress won't fit in there.
Note: If you require faster shipping there's always a possibility to expedite your order via DHL, FedEx or other major international parcel services for an extra cost.
Custom Fees Notice
Shipments may incur customs fees, depending on destination country. The fee may vary depending on your order value, country limits, and other factors. The customer is responsible for these fees.
The following applies to all women related apparels, clothing, shoes and accessories and imported items.
A tracking number is always provided.
Shipping Time
|12-22 business days
Note: Exact delivery time may vary depending on the destination.
|Contact us as fees may vary depending on carrier: FedEx, DHL or other
|16-26 business days
Note: Exact delivery time may vary depending on the destination.
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|15-60 business days
Note: Exact delivery time may be longer or shorter depending on the destination.
|Contact us as fees may vary depending on carrier: FedEx, DHL or other
We have put a lot of focus on making sure the items get delivered to our customers as quickly as possible.
|A confirmation email will be sent to you once the order is authorized and verified. We begin preparing your order immediately after it is verified. With this sort of time frame, it makes it difficult for us to change or cancel your order, however, we will do our best to support your request.
|It normally takes 3-7 business days for us to process your order. Please note that this does not include holidays and weekends.
|Shipment takes 3-10 business days to arrive, please refer to the table above for various shipping times to international destinations.
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I like being easy to work with. I thrive on feedback. I am Batman.
As a visual designer I have built worlds, branded products, and served as the vision holder for a variety of interactive projects. Ultimately, it all comes down to understanding your audience. Like you, you're probably not here to read this stuff so scroll down a bit and check out some recent work instead!
lol landing page
For the first time in a few years, the League of Legends game client landing page was up for a visual rework and I was tasked with bringing it up to par.
LoL Mobile Companion
Playing with friends is just better so I teamed up with a small team of user experience designers and developers to create what could be Riot Games' first official mobile application.
Blade & Soul Announcement
Long after being released in Korea, NCsoft was readying its player base for a western release. I designed their announcement site and proposed some responsive solutions to boot.
champion guide
I decided to spike a mobile solution to a simple, but existent, challenge: keeping players up to speed on a roster that includes over 125 unique champions.
With its upcoming release on the horizon, the new Wildstar MMO site needed to be bulked up and organized to bring a dash of sexy to intergalactic warfare.
In much of my work, the biggest challenge isn't hex values and margins, it's creating a visual system that not only meets the product's current needs but is flexible enough for future growth.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Guide 03 Oct, 2018 at 18:55pm, one of the largest problems for people discovering cryptocurrencies is their inability to purchase them - many of the younger generations are unable to participate in the latest craze as almost. Using eBay and/or Paypal to buys mall amounts of bitcoin is quite easy, but you will pay dearly for the privilege and are urged to check seller ratings before parting with cash. However, keep in mind that some ATMs require verification if you go over a certain dollar amount, but usually, the threshold is high enough that a minor will not cross it with the funds that they have. Allowing underage young people to purchase bitcoin on their platform is a risk that most exchanges are not willing to take because it falls into a grey area. However, LocalBitcoins is not responsible for handling customers funds directly, they will connect buyers and sellers in an online fashion. Advice is to to register with these exchanges immediately: BitMEX : Leveraged trading, binance : Largest exchange in the world.
How to start trading cryptocurrencies if you are under 18 years old - Quora
There are hundreds of different altcoins that you may invest in or speculate. Some merchants, exchanges or E-Wallets may have age restrictions, but Bitcoin is a protocol and therefore there is no restrictions regarding how it is used. We have decided to create a guide for how to trade cryptocurrency under 18 crypto traders with a step-by-step explanation of how to begin and what. If the price goes downwards and reaches 7,500, your position will be closed automatically. The main successes in my portfolio have been BTC, ETH, EOS (ICO XTZ (Tezos ICO ZRX (0X ICO BNB (Binance Coin BCH, BCO (BridgeCoin). This figure is ever growing as more and more businesses look at adopting cryptocurrencies. Only the most important posts per day. On a negative note, not everyone can do this, some peoples parents dont believe in cryptocurrencies, whilst some believe they are a scam - any true advocate would know this is not the case. Bitcoin has world-class liquidity. This way they know who is buying what, and can report to the authorities if needed. But ICOs or coins newly released on the exchanges can be great investments. Treat ICOs and other Examples of Herd Mentality with Care In general you are better off holding Ethereum than going through the mad, greedy, fomo process of buying ICOs.
First, when you plan to buy a cryptocurrency in order to hold it for a long time, you need to understand what is behind its price. Its no surprise that teens want to get involved when any good search involving the terms under 18 and crypto result in a plethora of posts and questions by teens asking how to get involved without being of legal age for most sites. Source: m Metrics aside, Spencer Bogart makes great sense in this thread where he describes the regulatory risk and other risks that might bring the Ethereum house of cards down. The machines work to communicate with an exchange to convert between two currencies or use a dynamic exchange rate in combination with a hot wallet to convert between two currencies. If you're curious as to what coin you could invest in then be sure to check out our best cryptocurrency to invest in for 2018 article. Ethereum,.g., is a platform for developing decentralized applications and smart contracts. What to do next? The beauty of this is that you do not need to add funds to your account, you merely avail yourself of the leverage already available. You want to open a position only when the price jumps over the resistance line.
How to, get, cryptocurrency, under 18 (Underage)
Choose your amount to invest. It is possible that the SEC will rule that the ICOs are illegal sale of securities. Bitcoin is the mother lode. As outlined in this article, there are several legal ways for minors to get involved and to acquire cryptocurrencies, all of which are widely available around the world. Here is Charlie Munger expressing a similar thought: Rule 3: Index Track the Top 10 Cryptoassets Until I held very little Ethereum and zero Ripple in my portfolio. When you know the reason for fluctuations and trends, you have an important information that may help you not only to forecast future directions but also to understand their lifespan. Another way is to lock them into terms deposits at Cryptopia (applies only to Dotcoin ). If you are lucky to have parents who support you in your passions and want to see how you perform when buying cryptocurrencies then you would be able to ask them to register on exchanges and trading platforms. Transaction Fees Every month fees are ever higher which is watertight evidence of ever greater demand to use Bitcoin.
Buy on margin at the dips. Before you can start trading how to trade cryptocurrency under 18 cryptocurrencies, you need to deposit some amount of money to your trading account. You can simply find a bitcoin ATM near you, and go to it, cash in hand. This one is a bit harder as you need to forecast not only the market but whether the price is going to reach your Limit Order level as well (otherwise, you will not be able to open a position). The wide range of cryptos is good for diversification. These limits can also be easily avoidable if you go to different bitcoin ATMs with small amounts. Thats why popular exchanges do not allow minors on their platform (e.g. .
What is the best site for trading cryptocurrency when under 18?
There are currently over how to trade cryptocurrency under 18 4,000bitcoin ATMs in the world, and this number is increasing daily. Recommended Buy: Binance Coin BNB. Governments consider Bitcoin to be an experimental technology. Otherwise, there is no sense in such activity. This will become true especially when cross-chain atomic swaps with algorithmically non-biased enforcement such as OmiseGO are available.). Volumes for stocks come from Google Finance. I execute index-tracking manually off this Google Sheet: At the time of writing, the results of index-tracking have been pleasing. The greater the liquidity the easier it is to buy and sell, even when there is turmoil, and the lower the Bid-Offer spread and therefore the cost of trading. People on Twitter yell. Table of Contents, how Old Do You Have to be to Buy Bitcoin? This is an important factor as exchanges offer different commission plans for depositing and withdrawals, as well as for inner trading transactions.
As a result of recent changes in UK regulations I have allocated my entire personal pension (like a US 401k or retirement account) into Bitcoin via the xbtprovider ETN. Many websites have digital maps that can help with finding these machines, click here for an example. Bubbles are by definition short-lived, they do not keep bubbling for eight years. However, if several coins hold their positions and even grow at the same time when the others fall down, you have a chance not only to save your money but even to make profits. ICOs are a Great Opportunity. What will be next? Rule 6: Dont Overtrade. Some websites have no inner commissions at all (like Cobinhood, for example).
How to, buy Bitcoin If You Are, under 18, Legally Cryptalker
Ask Your Parents, it is a common belief that peoples parents and older adults, in general, are against cryptocurrencies when in many cases this is quite the opposite. Growth, bitcoin has had phenomenal growth in its price and MCap since inception. When you buy several coins simultaneously, those risks are distributed between all your portfolio. I think the excessive price I paid will not matter too much. The (European) XBT Provider ETN is an open-ended fund which means it maintains a premium to the NAV close to 0 at all times. Is there a legal age to buy bitcoin? trade both ways by going short on margin. You can check the US stocks volume at the. Seeing that youre underage, they may try to take advantage of you. However, this example is a good one as it shows how the situation may change in case of similar events. He bought the IOT Over the Counter (OTC) some time before Bitfinex listed.
What aspects are important to pay attention to before creating an account? Under 16s, in particular, will only be granted low purchase limits, through the exchange has suggested that minors get a parent or guardian to setup an account in their name. Stop Loss Order is designed to reduce traders risks. Beetcoin played the iota new release on Bitfinex like a master. Some websites offer, tradingview platforms with different types of analysis tools like indicators, lines, channels, Fibo and the others. They do not want to get into any trouble with the law, and so they make sure they have appropriate information on their customers. George Soros: When you see it, bet big.
Trade cryptocurrencies comfortably with profit
That is, people want to send transactions across the blockchain, not just trade on the exchanges. There are risks of a pump dump manipulations in this case. Lets assume you want to buy BTC/USD. The funny thing is, I how to trade cryptocurrency under 18 was mocked by a Hedge Funder on Twitter named Sarah Cone impcapital ) when I revealed that I had seen it and I had bet big. Every project has its own website and whitepaper, which are a kind of a presentation. It can store Bitcoin, Ethereum ( all ERC-20 tokens Ethereum Classic, ZCash, Litecoin, and Dash. Why is this necessary?
What does it mean to diversify? But, again, this threshold is probably much higher than the average underage will be planning to buy, anyways. Is it enough to simply analyze charts? Finally, how to trade cryptocurrency under 18 at the end, you must scale out completely. There are two main types of exchanges. Bitcoin is truly decentralised. There are several pieces of advice.
Year to Date (YTD) 2017 : My portfolio is x 22,.e. In my P L Sheet I focus on the 7d how to trade cryptocurrency under 18 (Price Change over 7 days) to decide whether to re-allocate my portfolio according to this rule. First offers Bitcoin, Ethereum and several popular coins along with fiat money. Once you have crypto, you can trade for other cryptos with no problems, due to the fact that it is decentralized. Follow us on Facebook! This is the Honeybadger Trade.
13 Ways to Earn
Trailing Stops is a kind of Stop Loss Order. However, you dont want to sell it now as it has perspectives to grow as well. The platform simply finds people looking to sell their digital coins near you, and connects you to that person. I am how to trade cryptocurrency under 18 taking profit off the table in the cryptoasset market. Choose your coins, bitcoin is not the only one nowadays. It has beaten all global currencies, equities, commodities, bonds, ETFs, real estate throughout that period. Localcryptocurrency groups and websites. Lets say they have 1,000; they buy Bitcoin for 1,000 leaving no money in reserve. As technology continues to develop further and further, the surveys found millennials to have a greater interest in cryptocurrency than any other age group. Therefore, you need to find such cryptos that have no connection between each other. Ethereum is a registered commercial legal entity in Switzerland and can be shut down overnight.
Rule 9 Do Your Own Research. This price meets your requirements and you place market order. Limit orders are executed at the desired or better price. Run profits Cut Losses is hard to do exactly. A Bitcoin or cryptocurrency AMT isnt an ATM in the traditional sense, it would be better classed as a kiosk and is essentially an exchange. Volumes for cryptoassets are fetched from the Coinmarketcap API using the. The paper profits were more than 2 million Euros in the Bulgarian property market. Something extraordinary is happening. Such cryptocurrency is not for long-term investors as once manipulators reach their goals, they will dump coin and its price is likely to fall towards the initial levels (before the pump and dump strategy was launched). Although, ATMs typically have a higher fee than most other options.
Cryptocurrency in 2019
I like the idea of how to trade cryptocurrency under 18 btfd, as I truly believe in Bitcoin. If it is an established, secular bear market then face the music and stfd. There are several tools that you can use in order to understand whether to buy or to sell a coin. Naturally, you need to combine technical analysis with fundamental forecasting method. People might go to prison. This platform doesnt actually handle the funds that are part of the deal - the company acts as a directory of traders and connects people together, so they can trade. This is just an example of exchanges work in South Korea with no limitations in the moment of writing and it is unlikely they will be closed or banned in future. My mistake was Bitcoin Maximilism. The Bitcoin Investment Trust is an inferior investment vehicle because it is a closed-end fund (it does not increase its holdings of the underlying asset when demand for the product increases) which means it is subject.
How to trade cryptocurrency : Build your, cryptocurrency
Cryptofinance, google Sheets Add-On. This guy turned 10,000 into 6 million by letting his profits run during the Ethereum run-up in the first half of 2017. There is no Bitcoin bubble for these reasons. If you want to exchange one crypto on how to trade cryptocurrency under 18 another in order to use coins to buy something or for other purposes, you may skip analysis as you need crypto in the moment of buying and you will. However, if you want to make a profit by buying one coin and selling another, analysis is the key factor of success as you need to forecast future prices. Trading Volumes, volumes indicate the liquidity of an asset. I btfdd relentlessly in the dotcom unravelling in 2000 and lost every penny in the end. I largely ignore 1 h and even. Well, were here to tell you that yes, you are able to buy bitcoins underage. Bitcoinprijzen in the Netherlands is another site where under 18s seem able to purchase cryptocurrency using ideal. If there is other interesting opportunity, you will have no money to open position. Buy at Kucoin Exchange.
Some coins may grow for no apparent reasons. Money management is a very important point, which is described in one of our next lessons. Transaction Fees: All good. They are the following: Reputation of an exchange. Additionally, you have a reserve, which may be used later when other trading opportunities arise. In case all coins fall down, you will lose all your investments or a part of your funds. You want to avoid assets with tiny liquidity as when the shit hits the fan it will be costly to exit. Otherwise, you risk losing not only your money but also borrowed funds that you will need to repay later. Bitcoin (at its current 13,947) is.82, increase of 2,482. Scale Out (Take some Profits the Honeybadger Trade: Buy the Dip on Margin at Bitmex. In order to understand whether it is a good idea to invest in this or that coin, you need to analyze whether it is promising or not. Stanley Druckenmiller has written about his dealings with George Soros whom he"s as saying When you see it, bet big.
Trade, cFDs on, cryptocurrencies, complete Guide 2019
My observations suggest that it is best to behave in the opposite, counter-intuitive way: commit yourself to the market with reckless abandon in the early days, and then start the scaling out process, applying the brakes. Market order is the simplest way of cryptocurrency trading as you buy an asset at its current market price. It was rather difficult discovering how to buy it because I was in this case ahead of the herd where the path was not well defined. Conclusions If you are underage and would like to use bitcoin despite the Coinbaseage limit (or any other popular exchange there are multiple options how to do it legally). Be more cautious about investing your 401k into Barry Silberts Bitcoin Investment Trust gbtc.


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Robert Longo Cindy
Artist: Robert Longo
Medium: Original lithograph in black and grey on BFK Rives paper
Title: Cindy
Portfolio: Men in the Cities
Year: 2002
Edition: 31/120
Sheet Size: 46" x 30"
Signed: Hand signed and numbered on the lower right
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Artist Biography
Robert Longo was born on January 7, 1953 in Brooklyn, New York. He studied sculpture and drawing at the University of North Texas and the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence. He eventually received a BFA from Buffalo State College in 1975, where artist Cindy Sherman was a classmate.
Longo came to prominence in the early 1980s with his 'Men in the Cities' series –a sequence of large-scale drawings depicting formally-dressed men and women in contorted poses. Many of these drawings were used in advertising, album covers, and other forms of commercial art throughout that decade.
Since then, Longo's work has been given retrospectives at museums in Chicago, Hartford, Houston, Lisbon, Los Angeles, Nice, and Tokyo.


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5 Insanely Actionable Steps to Your MS Abroad [LIVE Webinar]
Learn action-by-action 5 steps for your MS abroad using our proven "5-Keys" Formula.
"I was hunting everywhere for scholarship. I couldn't believe when I learnt about a well-defined process to get scholarship. It works because I got scholarship!", - Jayanth Barman, Currently pursuing MS at John Hopkins University, USA
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Statement of long-term goals
After carefully considering my aptitude, interests, the nature of my training and my ultimate professional ambition, I have decided to pursue a {Doctoral degree} in Computer Science, in my fields of interest {Computer Graphics} and {Computational Geometry}, ultimately leading to a career in teaching and research. As a Statement of purpose of my graduate study, I describe here my academic background, research interests and career goals.
Academic achievements
I have excelled in academics at every stage of my education. In the twelve years of my schooling, I have always been ranked first or second in my class. I stood $111th out of 100,000 candidates in the highly competitive examination for admission to the undergraduate program at the ****. In the Regional Mathematics Olympiad 1990, I was ranked 6th in my home state of Maharashtra.
Brief description of field of study
The excellent undergraduate program at the *** not only provided me with a strong foundation of Computer Science fundamentals, but also exposed me to various fields of Computer Science. I have always been interested in problems involving visualization. At ***, this led to an inclination towards Computer Graphics and Computational Geometry. I substantiated my knowledge in these areas by choosing graduate level electives in Advanced Computer Graphics and Geometric Algorithms. I am currently working on my yearlong B.Tech Project (senior thesis) titled { Triangulations in 3 Dimensions}, under the guidance of Dr. yyy. In this thesis we are looking at decompositions of polyhedral into surplices with an emphasis on obtaining well shaped tetrahedral.
I am also interested in Multimedia technology. In my third year, I presented a home paper titled {Multimedia Databases} under the guidance of Dr. yyy. In this paper, our study was focused on issues involved in the storage and real time retrieval of multimedia objects in a multi-user environment.
Teaching and work experience
My years at **** have given me substantial teaching experience. I have delivered lectures at Workshops on Unix conducted by the department and have been a teaching assistant for an introductory course in programming. This has built in me a lot of
Confidence that is required to excel as a teacher.
Experience in field of study
Though my experiences in **** have provided me with a strong foundation in my fields of interest, a good graduate program is necessary not only to increase my knowledge in these fields but also to mould me into a good researcher. I am fully aware of the hard work and perseverance required for a successful career in research and I believe that I have the aptitude and drive to meet the challenge.
University paragraph
The Graduate program at SUNY, Stony Brook is fully suited to my goals. Graphics and Computational Geometry are strong areas of research at Stony Brook. I have found the faculty and the research work to be quite impressive. I feel that to be associated with this group would stand me in good stead throughout my research career. I have also been impressed by the computing facilities available at Stony Brook for research and education. My B.Tech Project advisor has also strongly encouraged me to apply to your program. I am confident that given the opportunity, I will be able to make significant
Contributions to the on going research at Stony Brook. I corresponded with Prof.yyy whose encouraging reply reinforced my decision to apply to Stony Brook.
I look forward to joining SUNY, Stony Brook as a graduate student at your esteemed department.


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|dna analysis of borrelia burgdorferi nch-1, the first northcentral u.s. human lyme disease isolate.
|the dna of the first northcentral united states human lyme disease isolate, borrellia burgdorferi nch-1, was characterized and compared with the dnas of nine other b. burgdorferi isolates. strain nch-1 was isolated in august 1989 from a human skin biopsy specimen. dna was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis. contour-clamped homogeneous electric field pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of in situ-lysed cells was performed to compare the plasmid profile ...
|seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves from minnesota and wisconsin.
|to determine the seroprevalence of lyme disease in gray wolves (canis lupus) from various counties of minnesota and wisconsin (usa), 589 serum samples were collected from 528 wolves from 1972 to 1989. an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test was used to detect the presence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 were considered positive. results were confirmed by testing a few selected sera by western blotting. of the 589 sera tested, 15 (3%) had i ...
|performance of 45 laboratories participating in a proficiency testing program for lyme disease serology.
|we show that significant interlaboratory and intralaboratory variations exist in lyme disease proficiency testing.
|lyme disease surveillance--united states, 1989-1990.
|surveillance for lyme disease (ld) was initiated by cdc in 1982 (1), and in january 1991, ld became nationally reportable (2). forty-six states reported cases in 1989 and 1990 (figure 1), but the occurrence in nature of the causative bacterium, borrelia burgdorferi, has not been documented in all of these states. from 1982 through 1989, the annual reported number of cases of ld increased 18-fold (from 497 to 8803, respectively) and from 1986 through 1989, nearly doubled each year (figure 2). the ...
|antibodies to borrelia sp. in wild foxes and coyotes from wisconsin and minnesota.
|serum samples from 93 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and nine gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) trapped in wisconsin and 23 coyotes (canis latrans) trapped in wisconsin and minnesota were tested for antibodies to borrelia sp. with an indirect fluorescent antibody test which used borrelia burgdorferi as the whole-cell antigen. seven red foxes (8%) and two coyotes (9%) had antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:64. all the positive samples were from areas known to be endemic for human lyme dise ...
|the geographic distribution of lyme disease in the united states.
|in 1982, national surveillance for lyme disease was established by the centers for disease control to monitor trends and determine endemic geographic areas. initially, the endemic areas corresponded to the known distribution of ixodes dammini, a five-state area of the northeastern seaboard (new york, new jersey, connecticut, rhode island, and massachusetts) and wisconsin and minnesota. increasing numbers of cases have been reported outside these areas, however, 86% of the provisional 5731 cases ...
|borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis.
|this investigation defined the extent of borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis. white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus or p. maniculatis, were captured from sites in wisconsin, minnesota, and iowa and cultured for b. burgdorferi to define the local boundaries of the midwestern lyme disease area. all foci of b. burgdorferi infection (n1, n2, n3, and n4) were located north of interstate highway 90 except focus s2, which was south of the highway near fort mccoy, wis. the interst ...
|immunoblot analysis of immunoglobulin g response to the lyme disease agent (borrelia burgdorferi) in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs.
|immunoblots were used to study the immunoglobulin g response to borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs. adsorption studies confirmed that the antibodies were specific for b. burgdorferi. experimentally exposed dogs were asymptomatic. naturally exposed dogs included both asymptomatic animals and animals showing signs compatible with lyme disease. naturally exposed dogs were from four geographic regions of the country. no differences were detected between immunoblot patt ...
|borreliosis in free-ranging black bears from wisconsin.
|blood, kidney and tick samples were obtained from 18 hunter-killed black bears (ursus americanus) from three sites in northern wisconsin. a borrelia sp., morphologically and antigenically similar to borrelia burgdorferi, was isolated from the blood of two of the animals, and from the kidney of a third. ixodes dammini and dermacentor variabilis were found on the bears. this is the first report of borreliosis in the ursidae, and of the primary vector of lyme disease, i. dammini, from this host.
|natural exposure of wisconsin dogs to the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).
|lyme disease, a tick-borne disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi, has been described recently in dogs. in a serologic survey of specimens obtained from march to september 1984, 53% of 380 dogs from two usda licensed vendors in wisconsin were positive for indirect immunofluorescent antibodies to b. burgdorferi at a serum dilution of 1:64 or greater. b. burgdorferi was cultured from the blood of 8/111 dogs. these findings suggest that exposure to this spirochete is common in endemic areas and tha ...
|lyme disease in minnesota: epidemiologic and serologic findings.
|during the four years, 1980 to 1983, 83 minnesota residents have been diagnosed with lyme disease. sixty-five of the patients were male. the median age of patients was 39 years with a range from one to 77 years. seventy-five (90 percent) had onset in 1982 and 1983. of these latter cases, 56 (75 percent) recalled a tick bite three to 27 days prior to the development of erythema chronicum migrans. patients experienced possible exposure to ixodes dammini in at least 24 (28 percent) of the 87 minnes ...
|genotypic and phenotypic characterization of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from ticks and small animals in illinois.
|we have characterized 33 isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from northern illinois (32 isolates) and wisconsin (1 isolate) representing the largest series of midwestern isolates investigated to date. the techniques used for molecular analysis of strains included (i) genospecies typing with species-specific pcr primers, (ii) plasmid profiling by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of total genomic dna, (iii) large-restriction-fragment pattern (lrfp) analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of mlui ...
|childhood neurologic disorders and lyme disease during pregnancy.
|to determine the prevalence of clinically significant nervous system disease attributable to transplacental transmission of borrelia burgdorferi, we surveyed neurologists in areas of the united states in which lyme disease is endemic (i.e., massachusetts, rhode island, connecticut, new york, new jersey, wisconsin, and minnesota). overall, 162 of the 176 (92%) pediatric neurologists contacted responded to the survey with a range of 90-100% in the different geographic areas. one pediatric neurolog ...
|cosegregation of a novel bartonella species with borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti in peromyscus leucopus.
|during surveillance for various tickborne pathogens in the upper midwest during the summer and early fall of 1995, a bartonella-like agent was detected in the blood of mice that were concurrently infected with borrelia burgdorferi or babesia microti (or both). the organism was isolated in pure culture after inoculation of blood from wild-caught mice into c.b-17 scid/scid mice. phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna and the citrate synthase genes showed that the novel bartonella species and a bart ...
|coinfection with babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi in a western wisconsin resident.
|a 68-year-old woman, who had not traveled outside of western wisconsin, was hospitalized after 4 weeks of chills, fevers, myalgias, neuralgias in her right arm, and pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen. physical examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly, and laboratory studies showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased aspartate transaminase level, and microscopic hematuria. wright's stain of a blood smear revealed intraerythrocytic organisms consistent with babesia species. a polymeras ...
|vegetational association of host-seeking adult blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say (acari: ixodidae), on dairy farms in northwestern wisconsin.
|as a measure of the risk for exposure to lyme disease, we estimated the distribution of host-seeking adults of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, on dairy farms in barron county in northwestern wisconsin. vegetation ecotypes that were common to 18 farms that were representative of the county were surveyed by flag sampling. tick prevalence and abundance, which were similar during fall and spring periods, were very low in farmhouse yards and forage croplands; only a single male was colle ...
|lyme disease and migrating birds in the saint croix river valley.
|during a study of migrating land birds in 1987, we examined over 9,200 individual birds representing 99 species from the saint croix river valley, a lyme disease-endemic area of east central minnesota and northwestern wisconsin. we found that 250 deer tick (ixodes dammini) larvae and nymphs infested 58 birds from 15 migrant species; 56 ticks (22.4%) were positive for the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. five ground-foraging migrant bird species favoring mesic habitats, veery (cathar ...
|molecular characterization of borrelia spp. isolates from greater metropolitan chicago reveals the presence of borrelia bissettii. preliminary report.
|lyme disease in the us is concentrated in three endemic areas: the northeast, the upper mid-west, and the pacific coast. in the mid-west, the range of lyme disease has expanded to include large parts of wisconsin and minnesota. despite its proximity to the mid-western focus, illinois, so far, has not been considered an endemic area. however, more recent data suggest that this situation may be changing. also, the extent of borrelial diversity in the mid-west remains largely unexplored. here, we p ...
|clinical and epidemiological features of early lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in wisconsin.
|to compare clinical features and assess risk factors for human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) and early lyme disease, we enrolled patients in a case-control study during the 1996 and 1997 tick seasons. clinical and demographic characteristics were assessed for patients with laboratory-confirmed cases of hge or lyme disease, and risk factors were compared with those of matched control subjects. we identified 83 persons with lyme disease, 27 with hge, and 11 with apparent coinfection. unsuspected ...
|spatial analysis of the distribution of lyme disease in wisconsin.
|surveillance measures for human cases of lyme disease in wisconsin were compared and associated with tick distribution and vegetation coverage. during 1991-1994, 1,759 confirmed human cases of lyme disease reported to the wisconsin division of health were assigned a county of residence, but only 329 (19%) could be assigned with certainty a county of exposure. distributions of cases by county of exposure and residence were often consistent from year to year. tick distribution in 46 of 72 wisconsi ...
|enzootic transmission of deer tick virus in new england and wisconsin sites.
|to determine whether rodents that are intensely exposed to the deer tick-transmitted agents of lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and human babesiosis are also exposed to deer tick virus (dtv), we assayed serum samples from white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) in sites densely infested by deer ticks. to conduct serosurveys, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot assay by cloning, expressing, and purifyi ...
|canine surveillance system for lyme borreliosis in wisconsin and northern illinois: geographic distribution and risk factor analysis.
|a seroprevalence survey for borrelia burgdorferi was conducted among the healthy canine pet population in selected counties of wisconsin and northern illinois to determine the distribution of lyme disease and associated risk factors. information obtained for each dog included place of residence, lyme disease vaccination status, history of travel and tick exposure, signalment, and medical history. serum samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by an immunoblot proc ...
|borrelia burgdorferi-infected ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) and peromyscus leucopus in northeastern wisconsin.
|populations of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, are established in western and central wisconsin in the upper midwestern united states, but appear to be expanding geographically there. here, we report a previously unknown population in northeastern wisconsin. questing i. scapularis nymphs and adults were collected by flagging vegetation from a riverine site in marinette county, wisconsin, in spring of 1993 and 1994. dissection and culture of tick guts in modified barbour-stoenner-kel ...
|seroprevalence of antibodies that react with anaplasma phagocytophila, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, in different populations in westchester county, new york.
|we determined the frequencies of antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophila, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), in different groups of adults and children from westchester county, new york. the groups included 159 adult blood donors and 215 children who were seronegative for borrelia burgdorferi antibodies, 118 adult patients and 57 children who were seropositive for b. burgdorferi antibodies, and 42 adult patients with culture-confirmed erythema migrans. eighteen (11.3%) of the blo ...
|lyme disease spirochetes in ticks collected from birds in midwestern united states.
|in a tick-spirochete survey conducted from all 1989 through fall 1992 in north-western wisconsin, 4,256 birds (composed of 91 species) were examined for ticks. infestations were recorded for 400 birds (composed of 30 species). of 1,184 ticks taken from 335 birds (composed of 26 species), 60 (5%) haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard) from 8 species of birds were infected with the lyme disease spirochete. borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner. similar surveys conduct ...
|isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from skin biopsy specimens of patients with erythema migrans.
|procedures for the cultural isolation and identification of borrelia burgdorferi from skin biopsy specimens are described. b. burgdorferi was isolated from 24 of 34 skin biopsy specimens from patients with erythema migrans. eight of the culture-positive patients had single, primary lesions and 16 had multiple, secondary lesions. the 17 male and 7 female patients were 2 to 70 years old. biopsy samples were obtained from erythematous or normal-appearing skin within 1 cm of the peripheral aspect of ...
|lyme disease--united states, 2003-2005.
|lyme disease is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected blacklegged ticks (ixodes spp.). early manifestations of infection include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans. left untreated, late manifestations involving the joints, heart, and nervous system can occur. a healthy people 2010 objective (14-8) is to reduce the annual incidence of lyme disease to 9.7 new cases per 100,000 population in 1 ...
|borrelia burgdorferi infection in dairy cows, rodents, and birds from four wisconsin dairy farms.
|a combination of culture and subsequent spirochete identification with the polymerase chain reaction technique was used to identify cows, rodents, and birds infected with borrelia burgdorferi. animals were trapped on four wisconsin dairy farms during the summer of 1990. farms 1 and 2 were located in counties nonendemic for lyme disease and farms 3 and 4 were located in counties endemic for lyme disease. the results of the rodent and bird samples were as follows given as the number yielding organ ...
|lyme disease: additional evidence of widespread distribution. recognition of a tick-borne dermatitis-encephalitis-arthritis syndrome in an area of known ixodes tick distribution.
|lyme disease is a process of unknown etiology that has been linked to bites of ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. central minnesota is an area of known ixodes dammini distribution. this case represents the first recognition of lyme disease from this area. this case presented as a fluctuating meningoencephalitis with superimposed cranial neuropathy. the characteristic skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans, was recognized by history, and oligoarticular arthritis subsequently developed. physici ...
|surveillance for lyme disease--united states, 1992-2006.
|lyme disease is a multisystem disease that occurs in north america, europe, and asia. in the united states, the etiologic agent is borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a spirochete transmitted to humans by infected ixodes scapularis and i. pacificus ticks. the majority of patients with lyme disease develop a characteristic rash, erythema migrans (em), accompanied by symptoms of fever, malaise, fatigue, headache, myalgia, or arthralgia. other manifestations of infection can include arthritis, card ...
|babesiosis in wisconsin. a new focus of disease transmission.
|a confirmed case of human babesiosis was identified in august 1983 in a 54-year-old asplenic wisconsin resident. babesia microti was identified as the causative agent by blood smear morphology and hamster inoculation techniques. the patient's wife had clinically confirmed lyme disease in 1981 and had serologic evidence (immunofluorescent antibody to a b microti titer of 1:1,024) of recent babesia infection in august 1983. mice (peromyscus species) trapped on the patients' property and elsewhere ...
|borrelia burgdorferi infection in wisconsin horses and cows.
|blood samples from wisconsin horses and cows suspected of having clinical disease due to borrelia burgdorferi infection were submitted by veterinary practitioners. all serum, milk, colostrum, and synovial samples were tested for b. burgdorferi antibodies by immunofluorescence. whole blood, milk, colostrum, and synovial fluid samples were cultured for b. burgdorferi. records were kept on the clinical signs of antibody-positive animals, date of sample, and location of the animal by county. of the ...
|lyme disease surveillance in the united states, 1983-1986.
|during 1983-1986, 5,016 cases of lyme disease were reported to the centers for disease control. cases were acquired in 31 states; however, 86% of the cases were acquired in seven states: massachusetts, rhode island, connecticut, new york, new jersey, wisconsin, and minnesota. for 63% of patients the disease began in summer; 52% recalled a tick bite. erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) occurred in 91% of the patients; arthritis, in 57%; neurologic complications, in 18%; and cardiac manifestations, i ...
|the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi seropositivity in an area endemic for lyme disease.
|we conducted a seroprevalence survey of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in west central wisconsin, an area endemic for lyme disease. one hundred and thirty-seven of 153 patients having blood drawn at the eau claire family medicine clinic and the associated rural augusta practice participated in the study and were tested for the presence of antibodies to b burgdorferi and questioned about lyme disease risk factors. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that 15 (10.9%) of the 137 persons ...
|different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk.
|animal behavior can have profound effects on pathogen transmission and disease incidence. we studied the questing (= host-seeking) behavior of blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis) nymphs, which are the primary vectors of lyme disease in the eastern united states. lyme disease is common in northern but not in southern regions, and prior ecological studies have found that standard methods used to collect host-seeking nymphs in northern regions are unsuccessful in the south. this led us to hypothes ...
|frequency and clinical significance of lyme seropositivity in patients with isolated optic neuritis.
|we evaluated antibody reactivity against borrelia burgdorferi in 20 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed isolated optic neuritis who resided in a region endemic for lyme disease. four (20%) patients had positive serology. all three patients who had follow-up serologies showed rising convalescent levels of borrelia-specific igm. one patient refused lumbar puncture, one had normal csf constituents except for an elevated lyme antibody index, and two had csf lymphocytic pleocytosis that remaine ...
|survey for ixodes spp. and borrelia burgdorferi in southeastern wisconsin and northeastern illinois.
|forested areas adjacent to milwaukee, wis., and chicago, ill., were investigated for rodents and ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus or peromyscus maniculatus), meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), and eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) were captured; and specimens from these animals were cultured for b. burgdorferi to define whether the midwestern lyme disease area currently encompasses these large metropolita ...
|prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi by indirect fluorescent antibody assay, elisa, and western immunoblot in healthy adults in wisconsin and arizona.
|the prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in healthy adults from wisconsin and arizona was determined by indirect fluorescent antibody assay (ifa), elisa, and western immunoblotting. a total of 301 sera from adult volunteer blood donors were collected from three areas of wisconsin and compared with 49 consecutive anonymous adult volunteer donor sera from tucson, arizona, an area without reported lyme borreliosis. regional differences in seropositivity were found for western immunoblotti ...
|cases of lyme disease in the united states: locations correlated with distribution of ixodes dammini.
|lyme disease, defined by erythema chronicum migrans and sometimes followed by neurologic, cardiac, or joint involvement, is known to have affected 512 patients in the united states. the disease seems to occur in three distinct foci: along the northeastern coast, in wisconsin, and in california and oregon, a distribution that correlates closely with that of ixodes dammini in the first two areas and with ixodes pacificus in the last. the implicated tick, saved by six patients in the northeast, was ...
|prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in adult female ticks (ixodes scapularis), wisconsin 2010-2013.
|three sudden cardiac deaths associated with lyme carditis - united states, november 2012-july 2013.
|lyme disease is a multisystem illness caused by borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete transmitted by certain species of ixodes ticks. approximately 30,000 confirmed and probable cases of lyme disease were reported in the united states in 2012, primarily from high-incidence states in the northeast (connecticut, delaware, maine, maryland, massachusetts, new hampshire, new jersey, new york, pennsylvania, rhode island, and vermont) and upper midwest (minnesota and wisconsin). common manifestations incl ...
|tickborne infections as a cause of nonspecific febrile illness in wisconsin.
|lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), and babesiosis are tickborne infections that are indigenous to wisconsin. to assess their importance as a cause of nonspecific fever, we recruited patients with febrile illness at 10 clinics in northwestern wisconsin from may through august of both 1997 and 1998. eligible patients had a temperature >38.0 degrees c but no rash or other localizing source. acute and convalescent serological tests were performed for borrelia burgdorferi, babesia m ...
|predicting the risk of lyme disease: habitat suitability for ixodes scapularis in the north central united states.
|the distribution and abundance of ixodes scapularis were studied in wisconsin, northern illinois, and portions of the upper peninsula of michigan by inspecting small mammals for ticks and by collecting questing ticks at 138 locations in state parks and natural areas. environmental data were gathered at a local level (i.e., micro and meso levels), and a geographic information system (gis) was used with several digitized coverages of environmental data to create a habitat profile for each site and ...
|interlaboratory comparison of test results for detection of lyme disease by 516 participants in the wisconsin state laboratory of hygiene/college of american pathologists proficiency testing program.
|in 1991, we reported that 55% of laboratories participating in the wisconsin proficiency testing program could not accurately identify serum samples from lyme disease patients containing antibody against borrelia burgdorferi. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the accuracy of lyme disease test results reported by approximately 500 participants in the wisconsin state laboratory of hygiene/college of american pathologists lyme disease survey had improved. from 1992 through 1994, 50 ...
|environmental factors affecting survival of immature ixodes scapularis and implications for geographical distribution of lyme disease: the climate/behavior hypothesis.
|recent reports suggest that host-seeking nymphs in southern populations of ixodes scapularis remain below the leaf litter surface, while northern nymphs seek hosts on leaves and twigs above the litter surface. this behavioral difference potentially results in decreased tick contact with humans in the south, and fewer cases of lyme disease. we studied whether north-south differences in tick survival patterns might contribute to this phenomenon. four month old larvae resulting from a cross between ...
|presence of borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) in southern kettle moraine state forest, wisconsin, and characterization of strain w97f51.
|lyme disease, caused by borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmidt, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner; babesiosis, caused by babesia microti franca; and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum bakken & dumler have been reported in wisconsin, mainly in the endemic areas of the northwestern part of the state. people exposed to blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say, from this region can potentially contract one or all of these diseases concurrently. within the past several year ...
|anaplasma phagocytophilum in central and western wisconsin: a molecular survey.
|anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is transmitted to humans through the bite of ixodes spp. ticks, and causes a febrile disease known as human granulocytic anaplasmosis. the presence of a. phagocytophilum in wisconsin white-tailed deer blood and in deer ticks was assessed using pcr and dna sequencing. sampling sites in the western part of the state (buffalo county) and central region (waushara, waupaca, and green lake counties) were used. in buffalo county, 5.6 ...
|epidemiologic features of human babesiosis in wisconsin, 1996-2005.
|to characterize epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory features of babesiosis occurring in wisconsin residents.
|national surveillance of lyme disease, 1987-1988.
|in 1987 and 1988, 6876 lyme disease cases from 43 states were reported to the centers for disease control. the 4507 cases reported in 1988 was nearly double the case number reported in 1987, and ninefold the number reported in 1982, when a systematic system of national surveillance was established. the average annual incidence of reported lyme disease in the united states in 1987-1988 was 1.4/100,000. new york led the nation in reported cases in 1988 with 57% of the cases reported nationally. ei ...
|lyme disease: its neurologic manifestations and its presentation in wisconsin.
|primary and secondary erythema migrans in central wisconsin.
|we report a series of 28 consecutive patients with erythema migrans (em) who underwent skin biopsies for culture of borrelia burgdorferi. culture results, lyme serologic findings, and clinical features in patients with only primary em are compared with those in patients with secondary em.
|infection and co-infection rates of anaplasma phagocytophilum variants, babesia spp., borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial endosymbiont in ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) from sites in indiana, maine, pennsylvania, and wisconsin.
|in total, 394 questing adult blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say (acari: ixodidae), collected at four sites were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for five microbial species: anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, babesia odocoilei, borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial i. scapularis endosymbiont. identities of genetic variants of a. phagocytophilum were determined by sequencing a portion of the 16s dna. in 55% of infected ticks (193/351), a single agent was detected. in ...
|seroepidemiologic survey of borrelia burgdorferi exposure of dairy cattle in wisconsin.
|an elisa, using purified flagellin of borrelia burgdorferi as the solid-phase antigen, was used to measure antibody concentrations to b burgdorferi in dairy cattle in wisconsin. serum obtained from 5,060 cows in 160 randomly selected herds in the state were tested. serum from an additional 2,600 cattle in barron county, wis, a county with a high annual incidence of b burgdorferi infections in human beings, was also tested. only 7% of the cows that were tested, but 66% of the herds that were test ...
|ixodes dammini as a potential vector of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.
|little is known about the epidemiology and mode of transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge). analyses of an engorged female ixodes dammini tick removed from an hge patient and 101 field-collected i. dammini and dermacentor variabilis from three wisconsin counties for borrelia burgdorferi and ehrlichia phagocytophila/ehrlichia equi dna revealed that the patient tick and 7 of 68 i. dammini ticks from washburn county collected in 1982 and 1991 were positive for ehrlichial ...
|antibiotic treatment duration and long-term outcomes of patients with early lyme disease from a lyme disease-hyperendemic area.
|the length of antibiotic therapy and long-term outcomes in patients with early lyme disease are incompletely described. we report the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with early localized and early disseminated lyme disease based on the duration of antibiotic therapy prescribed.
|lyme disease in wisconsin: epidemiologic, clinical, serologic, and entomologic findings.
|in 1980-82, 80 individuals (71 wisconsin residents) had confirmed lyme disease (ld-c) reported; 39 additional patients had probable or possible ld. all cases of ld-c occurred during may-november; 73 percent occurred during june-july; 54 (68 percent) occurred in males. the mean age was 38.7 years (range, 7-77 years). among ld-c patients, likely exposure to the presumed vector ixodes dammini (id) occurred in 22 different wisconsin counties. antibodies to the id spirochete that causes ld occurred i ...
|Expansion of the Midwestern focus for human granulocytic anaplasmosis into the region surrounding La Crosse, Wisconsin.
|Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), shares the same enzootic life cycle as Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Although La Crosse, WI, is a well-recognized Lyme disease focus with an abundance of Ixodes scapularis vector ticks and the first documentation of HGA occurred in patients from northwestern Wisconsin, local transmission of A. phagocytophilum has not to date been documented. In this study, we evaluated DNA extrac ...
|the global distribution of lyme disease.
|erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), the skin lesion characteristic of lyme disease, was first described in sweden in 1909; subsequently, cases of ecm have been reported from at least 19 countries on three continents. in europe cases have occurred within the range of ixodes ricinus ticks, the recognized vector of ecm in europe, although one case outside this range has been ascribed to mosquito bites. in 1970 the first case of ecm acquired in the united states was reported, and in 1977, the full sym ...
|lyme disease ecology in wisconsin: distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini, and prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in small mammals.
|lyme disease recently has been recognized in wisconsin. trapping studies were conducted at four geographically separate and ecologically distinct regions in wisconsin to elucidate the distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini on small and medium sized mammals, and the occurrence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in these wild mammals. peak i. dammini larval activity occurred from june-september. nymphs were most active from may-august. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and ch ...
|prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in white-footed mice and ixodes dammini at fort mccoy, wis.
|borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, was isolated from 15 of 17 white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and 54 of 82 subadult ixodes dammini from fort mccoy, wis. of the 47 isolates tested, all reacted in indirect fluorescent-antibody tests with monoclonal antibodies directed against a surface protein of b. burgdorferi (approximate molecular weight, 31,000) and flagellins that are common to all borrelia species. indirect fluorescent-antibody reactions were variable when an ...
|ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae): abundance and rate of infection with borrelia burgdorferi in four state parks in wisconsin.
|four state parks located in lyme disease endemic regions of wisconsin were surveyed for the presence of ixodes scapularis say during may and june of 1998 by drag sampling along hiking trails. nymphal abundance varied between parks, with the average number of nymphs encountered in 1 h ranging from 6.2 +/- 3.8-47.1 +/- 36.3 (mean +/- sd). questing nymphs were tested for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi by culture in bsk medium and 7-12% was found to be infected. the average risk of encounterin ...
|status of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in illinois.
|ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin was found for the first time in illinois in november 1987, when two adult females were collected from two deer in jo daviess county in the northwestern corner of the state. in 1988, in a study of six state parks in northern illinois, questing adults and nymphs were encountered in one park in ogle county. during the firearm deer hunt in november 1988, adult female and male ticks were found in several counties, with a high rate of infestation (gr ...
|prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) nymphs collected in managed red pine forests in wisconsin.
|changes in the structure of managed red pine forests in wisconsin caused by interacting root- and stem-colonizing insects are associated with increased abundance of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, in comparison with nonimpacted stands. however, the frequency and variability of the occurrence of tick-borne pathogens in this coniferous forest type across wisconsin is unknown. red pine forests were surveyed from 2009 to 2013 to determine the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi and anapl ...
|lyme disease: emergency department considerations.
|lyme disease (ld) is the most common vector-borne illness in north america. reported cases of ld have increased from approximately 10,000 cases annually in 1991 to >25,000 cases in 2014. greater recognition, enhanced surveillance, and public education have contributed to the increased prevalence, as have geographic expansion and the number of infected ticks. cases are reported primarily in the northeastern united states, wisconsin, and minnesota, with children having the highest incidence of ld ...
|borrelia mayonii sp. nov., a member of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, detected in patients and ticks in the upper midwestern united states.
|lyme borreliosis (lb) is a multisystem disease caused by spirochetes in the borrelia burgdorferisensu lato (bbsl) genospecies complex. we previously described a novel bbsl genospecies (type strain mn14-1420t) that causes lb among patients with exposures to ticks in the upper midwestern usa. patients infected with the novel bbsl genospecies demonstrated higher levels of spirochetemia and somewhat differing clinical symptoms as compared with those infected with other bbsl genospecies. the organism ...
|rates of borrelia burgdorferi infection in ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in southwestern wisconsin.
|ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin collected from a study site in southwestern wisconsin were examined for borrelia burgdorferi infection. adult spirochete infection rates varied seasonally (38.1%, spring 1990; 60.3%, fall 1990; 41.2%, spring 1991) and were similar to or higher than rates reported in various studies from the northeastern united states. statistical comparison of seasonal infection rates indicated a significant difference between the fall 1990 adult population and ...
|isolation of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia mayonii from naturally infected rodents in minnesota.
|borrelia mayonii is a newly described member of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex that is vectored by the black-legged tick (ixodes scapularis say) and a cause of lyme disease in minnesota and wisconsin. vertebrate reservoir hosts involved in the enzootic maintenance of b. mayonii have not yet been identified. here, we describe the first isolation of b. mayonii from naturally infected white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus rafinesque) and an american red squirrel (tamiasciurus hudsonic ...
|babesiosis surveillance - wisconsin, 2001-2015.
|babesiosis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused primarily by babesia microti, an intraerythocytic protozoan. babesia microti, like the causal agents for lyme disease and anaplasmosis, is endemic to the northeastern and upper midwestern united states where it is usually transmitted by the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis. although babesiosis is usually a mild to moderate illness, older or immunocompromised persons can develop a serious malaria-like illness that can be fatal without prompt tr ...
|lyme disease incidence in wisconsin: a comparison of state-reported rates and rates from a population-based cohort.
|few studies have assessed the accuracy and completeness of lyme disease surveillance systems. lyme disease cases were identified through review of medical records for residents of the marshfield epidemiologic study area (mesa), a population-based cohort of nearly 80,000 in north-central wisconsin for which comprehensive medical care data are available through the marshfield clinic. these cases were compared with cases reported to the wisconsin division of public health to estimate the completene ...
|nuclear markers reveal predominantly north to south gene flow in ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of the lyme disease spirochete.
|ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of the lyme disease spirochete, is distributed over most of the eastern united states, but >80% of all lyme disease cases occur in the northeast. the role that genetic differences between northern and southern tick populations play in explaining this disparate distribution of lyme disease cases is unclear. the present study was conducted with 1,155 snp markers in eight nuclear genes; the 16s mitochondrial gene was examined for comparison with earlier studies. w ...
|powassan/deer tick virus and borrelia burgdorferi infection in wisconsin tick populations.
|powassan/deer tick virus (powv/dtv) is an emerging cause of arboviral neuroinvasive disease in the upper midwest. these studies describe the prevalence and geographic distribution of wisconsin ticks carrying powv/dtv as well as the high frequency of ixodes scapularis ticks coinfected with both powv/dtv and borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. these findings suggest that concurrent transmission of powv/dtv and b. burgdorferi from coinfected ticks is likely to occur in humans ...
|hunter-killed deer surveillance to assess changes in the prevalence and distribution of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in wisconsin.
|as a result of the increasing incidence of lyme disease and other tick-borne pathogens in wisconsin, we assessed the distribution of adult blacklegged ticks through collections from hunter-killed deer in 2008 and 2009 and compared results with prior surveys beginning in 1981. volunteers staffed 21 wisconsin department of natural resources registration stations in 21 counties in the eastern half of wisconsin in 2008 and 10 stations in seven counties in northwestern wisconsin in 2009. in total, 78 ...
|lyme carditis. severe conduction disorder.
|lyme disease in most cases occurs in the states of connecticut, wisconsin, oregon, california, missouri and parts of the northeastern coast. showing the exception to the rule, the authors discuss a case in which a patient acquired the disease on the eastern shore of virginia.
|gray wolf exposure to emerging vector-borne diseases in wisconsin with comparison to domestic dogs and humans.
|world-wide concern over emerging vector-borne diseases has increased in recent years for both animal and human health. in the united sates, concern about vector-borne diseases in canines has focused on lyme disease, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and heartworm which infect domestic and wild canids. of these diseases, lyme and anaplasmosis are also frequently diagnosed in humans. gray wolves (canis lupus) recolonized wisconsin in the 1970s, and we evaluated their temporal and geographic patterns of ...
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More Bad News For Soft Drink Drinkers
If you knew that something caused weight gain, heart disease, liver failure, high blood pressure and diabetes – would you consume it?
Bit of a daft question really. Of course you would. Smokers know all about the dreadful health problems that smoking causes and they still smoke.
We all know that sugar makes us fat and rots our teeth but apart from that, it's ok isn't it?
More and more research is highlighting the fact that our bodies just cannot cope with very much of a sugar load. A new piece of research, conducted by Bangor University, has found significant metabolic changes in individuals who consume as little as two cans of sugar sweetened soft drinks a week. One can every day definitely causes problems, and it does it very quickly indeed.
This trial demonstrated that regularly drinking just one can of soft drink a day (one can contains the equivalent of about 10 teaspoons of sugar) caused an increase in fat deposition by inhibiting fat metabolism as well as increasing blood glucose. What happens in the body when you consume too much sugar is that you train your body to burn sugar, rather than fat, for fuel. But this training doesn't reverse itself very quickly when you stop consuming sugar. So the longer you continue to take in excess sugar the more screwed up your metabolism gets. Then it becomes more difficult for your body to burn fat and harder and harder to lose weight. During the trial the metabolic change took place in just four weeks with fit, healthy and lean volunteers.
Another problem is that excessive intake of sugary soft drinks alters the perception of sweetness. I'm not a soda drinker and my hot beverages, with the exception of an occasional hot chocolate, are sugar free. I don't eat chocolate bars or other sweets any more, and I've noticed that my tolerance of sweetness is much lower than most other people I know. I was at a party a few weeks back with some friends. I had a small slice of a gateau which I couldn't eat because it was far too sweet. My friends had no problem eating and enjoying it. A few years ago I was eating some Walker's potato crisps – prawn cocktail flavour – and I thought they tasted sweet. I checked the ingredients and sugar was on the list. So I can certainly endorse the idea that sweetness becomes much less attractive once you cut down on sugar intake. When that happens you lose the desire to consume excessively sweet foods and enjoy foods with a much lower sugar content so there is no long-term hardship or sense of having to do without.
Sugar is causing a lot of harm and the sugar in beverages is hidden. If you want to stay healthy and lose a bit of weight, cutting down on sugar is the probably the biggest favour you can do for yourself. And just in case you are thinking of switching to diet beverages instead, check out my article Is Soda Pop at the Heart of the American Obesity Epidemic?


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Albemarle, Virginia is positioned in the South section of the USA and is a part of Charlottesville City County. The following area code(s) in connection with Albemarle are 434/540 and the zip code is 22903, The entire population of Albemarle, Virginia is 37666 with 17874 males and 19792 females, based on the U.S. Census. The median ages of males and females in Albemarle are as follows: 23.8 males and 23.4 females. The median ages of both males and females is 23.6.
Our goal is to provide clean and fast car detailing solutions using environmentally friendly products for you and your family. The humidity and rain in Albemarle, Virginia along with the bugs can take a toll on your car. Those all seem like small problems, however they can add up quickly and can cost you a lot of money in corrosive damage and lost trade-in value. But don't worry, all of that can be fixed. We will find you the best car detailing companies in Albemarle, VA to manage your cleaning. All the businesses we work with are licensed, insured, and are trustworthy. Let us help make your dirty car a thing of the past. Call Car-Detailer.com to get started.
Do you remember how wonderful it felt to drive your car around Albemarle, VA when it was brand new? Our goal is to bring that feeling back, on the interior and on the exterior. We make it easy to locate reliable and affordable car detailing solutions in Albemarle, Virginia. All you have to do is call our car detailing experts and we'll take care of everything. We want to make your experience as easy as we can when you need to have your car detailed. Our staff has been in the detail business for a long time and is highly certified to answer any questions or issues you have.
Everyday hassles like mold, dust, and pollen eat away at your car if left untreated for long periods of time. This includes your paint, chrome, dashboard, and carpets. You don't want to spend your entire weekend scrubbing your car to get rid of the dirt. That is where we come in. We provide affordable car detailing in Albemarle, VA. All of the products we use have been thoroughly tested and will not strip away the protected elements on your vehicle. At our car detailing company, we have never and will never cut costs with chemicals that could cause damage to your vehicle. With so many choices of car detailing companies to pick form, you want to make sure you're choosing the right company in Albemarle, Virginia. We have provided quality solutions for several years and continue to grow rapidly every day. Contact us right now for the best cleaning you've ever had! Car detailing has never been so simple.
It does not matter how much time you spend in your car, with our active lifestyles and with kids usually in the picture, your car interior is a prime place for stains and odors. Don't worry; our car detailing services can take care of any kind of car odor. We'll show you the best way to prevent stains and how to treat your carpet, upholstery, and leather seats. All you have to do is call Car-Detailer.com to get started in Albemarle, VA. We will find the best experts to help you with your car detailing.
Do you have an odor or mold issue in your vehicle in Albemarle, VA? How do you take care of it? Ozone machines are air purifiers that are designed to improve the air quality in your home or vehicle. How does it work? The machine releases ozone, a clear reactive form of oxygen that removes the odors. It will destroy the odors you are trying to get rid of. One advantage of your ozone machine is that it works with an ionizer. The machine uses the ionizers to attach to dust and other harmful particles in the atmosphere and gives them a charge. As a result, the particles whether positive or negative, stick to walls or other surfaces, rather than floating in the atmosphere. This decreases the likelihood that you will inhale the harmful particles.
Health Hazards With Your Ozone Machine in Albemarle, VA
Although ozone is an essential element in the planet's atmosphere, on the surface it is technically a pollutant. The Environmental Protection Agency and the American Lung Association both stated that ozone is an irritant and exposure can cause serious damage. When used properly, ozone machines are a great way to destroy odors in your car but if they are used in a confined space without proper ventilation, they can become hazardous. At Car-Detailers.com all of our professional detailers are certified in ozone treatments and only use machines outdoors or in a shop with a ventilation system. With proper ventilation, ozone machines are safe for use in any type of vehicle.
Other Methods to Remove Odors in Albemarle, VA
If an ozone generator is not available or you prefer not to use one, there are many other methods of odor removal in Albemarle, VA. Heated carpet extractor and shampooing the entire vehicle will usually get rid of most odors. For smoke odor removal an ozone generator is preferred but another method is a thorough shampooing and application of odor killing sprays to all fabrics and upholstery. Do not wait to get your interior shampooed if you have mold, mildew or other bacteria that causes severe odors because the stench can only get worse! Call Car-Detailer.com if you have a strong odor that you need taken care of.
A & M Tidy Car
1132 East Market Street
Charlottesville, VA 22902
Auto Shine Plus
101 Riverbend Drive
Charlottesville, VA 22911
Duds Suds
125 Martinsburg Avenue
Gordonsville, VA 22942
Cleaning Pad Car Wash
13381 Spotswood Trail
Ruckersville, VA 22968
Hornet Car Wash
28 Wilson Lane
Waynesboro, VA 22980
*We may or may not be affiliated with the companies listed.
[gnews location="us" local="22903″ num="5″ list="OL"]
|Albemarle Demographics
|Total Population
|White Population
|Black Population
|Hispanic Population
|Asian Population
|Hawaiian Population
|Indian Population
|Male Population
|Female Population
|Median Age
|Median Age of Males
|MedianAge of Females
|South Atlantic
|Charlottesville City
|Land Area
|68.14912 sq mi
|Area Code(s)
|Time Zone
|Eastern (GMT -05:00)
|Economy and Politics
|Avg. House Value
|Household Income
|No. of Businesses
|No. of Employees
|Q1 Payroll
|$99.69 million
|Annual Payroll
|$435.45 million
|CBSA Type
|Congressional District
|Congressional Area
|8922.03 sq mi
22901, 22902, 22903, 22904, 22905, 22906, 22907, 22908, 22909, 22910, 22911, 22920, 22924, 22931, 22932, 22936, 22937, 22940, 22943, 22945, 22946, 22959, 22987


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Properly this is of course unfaithful, and you'll discover that your front door handles in fact have a very large influence in your property. http://www.bel-airehomeimprovement.com/ First of all this is because they are on the skin of your property that means that they are one of the first things that individuals see once they go previous your private home, and on the identical time which means it would make one of the first impressions when they head up your front drive.
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Nonetheless, dig a bit of deeper and there are some extra unusual kitchen gadgets on the market, not so mainstream or so well known, yet to these of us who use them steadily and even each day, every bit as essential in attaining our intention – which is usually to feed our family healthy tasty nourishing meals.
Loans For Home Improvement
Set up of kitchen ceiling tiles is actually a simple task which you can even do all by your self. After you've cleaned the ceiling, you'll glue the tiles instantly. For those who ever want to use wooden planks or one other forms of tile, firing strips must be hooked up first to the current ceiling. These strips will allow you to attach the brand new wooden planks.
Lowe'S Home Improvement Warehouse
Though most digital temperature readers in the kitchen look the identical, there are several kinds of digital thermometers that you should use in your kitchen and every kind features differently from each other. Thus, listed below are the types of temperature studying gadgets that you need to use on your kitchen.
Diy Home Improvement Ideas
It is no secret that many homeowners would like to increase the worth of their houses. However in tough economic system, finding inexpensive ways to do that can be difficult. That is the place RTA Kitchen Cabinets can play an vital function. RTA stands for Able to Assemble, and these kitchen cupboards are each engaging and inexpensive. When RTA kitchen cabinets are purchased by way of Wholesale Kitchen Cupboards outlets, they develop into much more affordable.
Article Final Result
It's the place the aptitude of the home spouse or maid lies. Do they really need an costly room for cooking? Plastic boards do have the capabilities of being put right into a dishwasher so long as they match. another way to your kitchen is non slip reducing boards, which is more safe for chopping after we prepare meals, it is anti slip, the TPR trim make the entire boards completely non sliping.
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23 yr old Gallery or Memorial Technician Carter from Cowansville, loves to spend some time bicycling, . and ornithology. Loves to visit unknown destinations including Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi.


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All babes refused to pair with Vishal
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All babes refused to pair with Vishal
Vishal is having a bad experience now as babes - both from Kollywood and Bollywood refused his offer. Vishal who dates with many babes including Reema Sen was shocked to learn that the girl - Reema Sen who party with him regularly too refused to act with him. Reema Sen refused to play one of the three heroines in Vishals next venture Theeradha Vilayaatu Pillai. She made her reason clearly saying that her role in Vallavan was not recognized as it was also a story based on three heroines. Though Vishal is a close friend of hers the actress that there some unavoidable reason for not accepting the offer.
Priyamani also refused to do the role so as Bollywood bomb Bipasha.
- GodFather - Lord of NAI
- Number of posts : 3372
Location : KL
Registration date : 2007-12-26
Re: All babes refused to pair with Vishal
Can't belif that this is happening to Vishal. He is a good actor, better then Dhanush and Simbu....
- GodFather - Lord of NAI
- Number of posts : 3594
Location : 3rd Rock from the SUN
Job/hobbies : Bharathanathyam & Kung Fu
Humor : Me Dun Hv Any Humor. Me Serious!
Registration date : 2007-10-28
Re: All babes refused to pair with Vishal
story line stupid kot?
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Stand Up Paddle Surfing is coming of age! We would love your participation in building a strong, global, online Stand Up Paddle Surfing community.
I had to see which you guyz meant... Oddly enough, it's the one I don't really like. I cannot seem figure which is front/back?!
Just got Mana 82 with ergo T handle and 90 flex shaft. Had a werner trace 85 prior.
They have almost the same catch, but the Mana catches earlier, so you don't waste much of the meat of the stroke--the front part. The Mana also forgives and even fixes a sloppy paddle set, but neither the Mana nor the Konihi will let you do an angled pull stroke--the blades straighten themselves out. If that's an important part of the strokes you use, then you'd be better off with a Maliko, but I've been more than willing to sacrifice a stroke I rarely need for a blade that fixes my screwups.


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Hundreds of prescription drugs, high capacity magazines and a loaded firearm were recovered in Roxbury after Boston police executed a search warrant.
Larinso Myers, 69, of Roxbury, was arrested Thursday following a search in the area of 2875 Washington St. In addition to the pills and firearm, officials found more ammunition, cash and an electric stun gun during their search, according to police.
Myers was charged with unlawful possession of firearm, unlawful possession of ammunition, unlawful possession of high capacity feeding device and five counts of possession with intent to distribute.
Authorities said Myers is expected to be arraigned in Roxbury District Court but did not say when. It is unclear if he has an attorney.


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Martha M. Jones
Treasured time with her family and babysat many children in Columbia.
Funeral Services: Friday, June 14, 2019 at 11:00 a.m.
Martha M. Jones, 90, of Columbia passed away surrounded by her loving family on June 7th, 2019. She was born in Kinderhook to the late Alfred Altland and Estella Barton and was a lifelong resident of this area. Martha treasured time with her family and babysat many children in Columbia over the years including her own children and grandchildren. Martha was a faithful member of Eastside Bible Church in Wrightsville.
Martha leaves behind her children, Roy, husband of Bonnie Jones of Columbia, Bob, husband of Marian Jones of Columbia, Marion, wife of the late Ralph Freeland, Jr. of Columbia, Rose, wife of Sam Brewer of Marietta, Janet Jones, wife of the late Howard Martzall of Columbia; ten grandchildren, twenty seven great grandchildren, and sixteen great-great grandchildren; several nieces and nephews and a large extended family. In addition to her parents, she was preceded in death by her husband Paul Jones in 1998, her daughter, Juanita Steffy, and three siblings.
Services for Martha will be held at 11:00 a.m. on Friday, June 14th, 2019 at Eastside Bible Church, 1035 Adams Rd, Wrightsville, PA 17368. Pastor Randy Panebaker will officiate. The family will receive friends for visitation beginning at 10:00 a.m. until service time. Burial will follow at Conestoga Memorial Park. In lieu of flowers, please consider a donation to Eastside Bible Church.
Arrangements by the Clyde W. Kraft Funeral Home, Inc. Columbia/Landisville. www.clydekraft.com
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This was just amazing
This was just amazing
Run downhill with the sunrise
Had to laugh to not cry
Run with the cows for my 2019 half marathon race. It was truly MOOving. :)
State #40 in the Union, State #41 for half marathons, and 3rd state for a #girlstrip. :)
Made it to State #40 this year
That's how we finish state #40
The end of the I-35 Challenge..Part II and done!
I-35 Challenge Part I
13.1, wine, and girls trip. :) : Grapes of Wrath half marathon
So much nature until it hurts!
They made me run D.C. damnit. :)
The snow wouldn't stop falling and I tried not to. :)
Desert Runner
I messed with Texas and won
Salty, Sweaty, Cold, Achy...Task complete
Crossing the mighty, mighty, Mississippi


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She's a cute BBW with nice phat tits 'n' booty. ;)
She is fantastic! What a beautiful big labia cunt! Beautiful tiny tits and sweet ass!
Fuck yeah I wouldn't mind seeing more of this slut
geil wie ihre Votze floppt bei jedem Stoss
A great mature fuck!!!!!
And proud to be in this case
nice big baggy tits.