text:
- António Damásio
NeuropsychologyPeopleArthur L. Benton
David Bohm
António DamásioH. M.
Phineas Gage
Norman Geschwind
Elkhonon Goldberg
Patricia Goldman Rakic
Pasko Rakic
Donald O. Hebb
Kenneth Heilman
Edith Kaplan
Muriel Lezak
Benjamin Libet
Rodolfo Llinás
Alexander Luria
Brenda Milner
Karl H. Pribram
Oliver Sacks
Mark Rosenzweig
Roger W. Sperry
Mind and Brain Portal
Antonio Damasio (born February 25, 1944 in Lisbon, Portugal) is David Dornsife Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Southern California, where he heads USC's Brain and Creativity Institute and Adjunct Professor at the Salk Institute. Prior to taking up his posts at USC, in 2005, Damasio was M.W. Van Allen Professor and Head of Neurology at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. His career at Iowa lasted from 1976 to 2005.
Besides being a well-known researcher in several areas of neurology and neuroscience, Damasio is the author of several best-selling books which describe his scientific thinking. "As a leading neuroscientist, Damasio has dared to speculate on neurobiological data, and has offered a theory about the relationship between human emotions, human rationality, and the underlying biology."[1]
Life and work
Damasio was born in Lisbon and studied medicine at the University of Lisbon Medical School in Portugal, where he also did his neurological residency and completed his doctorate. He worked as a research fellow at the Aphasia Research Center in Boston in 1967, prior to receiving his MD in Lisbon. His work there on behavioral neurology was done under the supervision of the late Norman Geschwind, the Harvard neurologist who created the field.
As a researcher, Damasio's main interest is the neurobiology of the mind, especially neural systems which subserve memory, language, emotion, decision-making and consciousness. Damasio's most influential contribution to date is the demonstration that emotions play a critical role in high level cognition, an idea that ran counter to dominant 20th c. views in psychology[citation needed], neuroscience[citation needed] and philosophy[citation needed]. He showed that emotions and their biological underpinnings are involved in decision-making (both positively and negatively, and often non-consciously); provide the scaffolding for the construction of social cognition; and are required for the self processes which undergird consciousness. "Damasio provides a contemporary scientific validation of the linkage between feelings and the body by highlighting the connection between mind and nerve cells...this personalized embodiment of mind."[2]
This idea has inspired many systems-neuroscience experiments carried out in laboratories in the U.S. and Europe, and has had a major impact in contemporary science[citation needed] and philosophy[citation needed]. It is often discussed in peer-review experimental and theoretical work (an index of its relevance can be gleaned from the fact that Damasio has been named by the Institute of Scientific Information as one of the most highly cited researchers in the past decade). Damasio has formulated the somatic markers hypothesis, which captures the essence of these ideas. Current work on the biology of moral decisions, neuro-economics, social communication, and drug-addiction, has been strongly influenced by Damasio's hypothesis.
Damasio also proposed that emotions are part of homeostatic regulation and are rooted in reward/punishment mechanisms. He recovered James' perspective on feelings as a read-out of body states, but expanded it with an "as-if-body-loop" device which allows for the substrate of feelings to be simulated rather than actual (foreshadowing the simulation process later uncovered by mirror neurons). He demonstrated experimentally that the insular cortex is a critical platform for feelings, a finding that has been widely replicated, and he uncovered cortical and subcortical induction sites for human emotions, e.g. in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala.
In another development, Damasio proposed that the cortical architecture on which learning and recall depend involves multiple, hierarchically organized loops of axonal projections that converge on certain nodes out of which projections diverge to the points of origin of convergence (the convergence-divergence framework). This architecture is applicable to the understanding of memory processes and of aspects of consciousness related to the access of mental contents.
In "The Feeling of What Happens", Damasio lays the foundations of the "enchainment of precedences": "the nonconscious neural signaling of an individual organism begets the protoself which permits core self and core consciousness, which allow for an autobiographical self, which permits extended consciousness. At the end of the chain, extended consciousness permits conscience. [3]
Damasio's research depended significantly on establishing the modern human lesion method, an enterprise made possible by Hanna Damasio's structural neuroimaging/neuroanatomy work complemented by experimental neuroanatomy (with Gary Van Hoesen and Josef Parvizi), experimental neuropsychology (with Antoine Bechara, Ralph Adolphs, and Dan Tranel) and functional neuroimaging (with Kaspar Meyer, Jonas Kaplan, and Mary Helen Immordino-Yang).
As a clinician, he and his collaborators have studied and treated disorders of behavior and cognition, and movement disorders.
Damasio's books deal with the relationship between emotions and feelings, and what their bases may be within the brain. His 1994 book, Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain, won the Science et Vie prize, was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Award, and is translated in over 30 languages. It is regarded as one of the most influential books of the past two decades. His second book, The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness, was named as one of the ten best books of 2001 by the New York Times Book Review, a Publishers Weekly Best Book of the Year, a Library Journal Best Book of the Year, and has over 30 foreign editions. Damasio's Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain, was published in 2003. In it, Damasio suggested that Spinoza's thinking foreshadowed discoveries in biology and neuroscience views on the mind-body problem. Spinoza was a protobiologist. His latest book is Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain. In it Damasio suggests that the self is the key to conscious minds and that feelings, from the kind he designates as primordial to the well-known feelings of emotion, are the basic elements in the construction of the protoself and core self.
Damasio is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences' Institute of Medicine, and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. Damasio has received many awards including the Prince of Asturias Award in Science and Technology, the Kappers Neuroscience Medal, the Beaumont Medal from the American Medical Association, the Nonino Prize, the Reenpaa Prize in Neuroscience, and, most recently, the Honda Prize.
His current work involves the social emotions, consciousness and the creative interface between neuroscience and the arts, especially music and film.
Damasio is married to Dr. Hanna Damasio, his colleague and frequent co-author.
Scientific philosophy
'Damasio himself notes, in fallibilist fashion, "I have a difficult time seeing scientific results, especially in neurobiology, as anything but provisional approximations"'.[4] Whether despite or because of that fallibilism, Damasio writes in the belief that 'scientific knowledge can be a pillar to help humans endure and prevail'.[5]
Selected books and articles
- Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain, Putnam, 1994; revised Penguin edition, 2005
- The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness, Harcourt, 1999
- Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain, Harcourt, 2003
- Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain, Pantheon, 2010
- Meyer K, Kaplan JT, Essex R, Damasio H, Damasio A. Seeing touch is correlated with content-specific activity in primary somatosensory cortex. Cerebral Cortex, vol 21, 2113-2121, 2011.
- Meyer K, Kaplan JT, Essex R, Webber C, Damasio H, Damasio A. Predicting visual stimuli based on activity in auditory cortices. Nature Neuroscience, vol 13, 6, 667–668, 2010.
- Meyer K, Damasio A.Convergence and divergence in a neural architecture for recognition and memory. Trends in Neurosciences, vol. 32, no. 7, 376–382, 2009.
- Immordino-Yang MH, McColl A, Damasio H, Damasio A. Neural correlates of admiration and compassion. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, vol. 106 no. 19, 8021–8026, 2009.
- Damasio A, Meyer K. Behind the looking glass. Nature, vol. 454: 167–168, 2008.
- Parvizi J, Van Hoesen G, Buckwalter J, Damasio A. Neural connections of the posteromedial cortex in the macaque: Implications for the understanding of the neural basis of consciousness. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 103: 5, 1563–1568, 2006.
- Shiv B, Lowenstein G, Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio A. Investment behavior and the negative side of emotion. Psychological Sciences, 16: 435–439, 2005.
- Parvizi J, Damasio AR. Neuroanatomical correlates of brainstem coma, Brain, 126: 1524–1536, 2003.
- Parvizi J, Damasio AR. Consciousness and the brainstem, Cognition, 79: 135–160, 2001.
- Damasio AR, Grabowski TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LLB, Parvizi J, Hichwa RD. Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions. Nature Neuroscience, 3: 1049–1056, 2000.
- Damasio AR. How the brain creates the mind. Scientific American, 281: 74–79, 1999.
- Damasio AR. Investigating the biology of consciousness. Transactions of the Royal Society (London), 353: 1879–1882, 1998.
- Bechara A, Damasio H, Tranel D, Damasio AR. Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science, 275: 1293–1294, 1997.
- Damasio AR. The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex. Transactions of the Royal Society (London), 351: 1413–1420, 1996.
- Adolphs R, Tranel D, Damasio AR. Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral damage to the human amygdala. Nature, 372: 669–672, 1994.
- Damasio AR, Tranel D. Nouns and verbs are retrieved with differently distributed neural systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90: 4957–4960, 1993.
- Damasio A, Tranel D, Damasio H. Face agnosia and the neural substrates of memory. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13: 89–109, 1990.
- Damásio AR. Time-locked multiregional retroactivation: A systems level proposal for the neural substrates of recall and recognition. Cognition, 33: 25–62, 1989.
- Tranel D and Damasio A. Knowledge without awareness: An autonomic index of facial recognition by prosopagnosics. Science, 228(21): 1453–1454, 1985.
- Hyman B, Van Hoesen GW, Damasio A, Barnes C. Alzheimer's disease: Cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation. Science, 225: 1168–1170, 1984.
- Damasio A and Geschwind N: The neural basis of language. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 7:127–147, 1984.
See also
External links
- USC Faculty page
- Brain and Creativity Institute
- Audio of Antonio Damasio's 2003 lecture, "Emotion, Feeling, and Social Behavior: The Brain Perspective"
- Ideas of Antonio Damasio – JRSM book review
Affective neuroscience · Behavioral neurology · Behavioral genetics · Behavioral neuroscience · Brain–computer interface · Chronobiology · Clinical neurophysiology · Clinical neuroscience · Cognitive neuroscience · Computational neuroscience · Connectomics · Evolution of nervous systems · Imaging genetics · Integrative neuroscience · Molecular cellular cognition · Neural development · Neural engineering · Neural network (both artificial and biological) · Neural signal processing · Neural tissue regeneration · Neuroanatomy · Neurobioengineering · Neurobiology · Neurobiotics · Neurocardiology · Neurochemistry · Neurochip · Neurodegeneration · Neurodevelopmental disorders · Neurodiversity · Neuroembryology · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroepidemiology · Neuroethics · Neuroethology · Neurogastroenterology · Neurogenetics · Neuroimaging · Neuroimmunology · Neuroinformatics · Neurointensive care · Neurolinguistics · Neurology · Neurometrics · Neuromodulation · Neuromonitoring · Neurooncology · Neuro-ophthalmology · Neuropathology · Neuropharmacology · Neurophilosophy · Neurophysics · Neurophysiology · Neuroplasticity · Neuroprosthetics · Neuropsychiatry · Neuropsychology · Neuroradiology · Neurorehabilitation · Neurorobotics · Neurosurgery · Neurotechnology · Neurotology · Neurotoxin · Neurotransmitter · Neurovirology · Psychiatry · Sensory neuroscience · Social neuroscience · Systems neuroscienceCategories:
- Consciousness researchers and theorists
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- Portuguese scientists
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- University of Southern California faculty
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- Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
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- 1944 births
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Antonio Damasio — António Damásio António Damásio (2. von rechts) António R. Damásio (* 25. Februar 1944 in … Deutsch Wikipedia
António Damásio — António R. Damásio (* 25. Februar 1944 in Lissabon) ist ein portugiesischer Neurowissenschaftler. Er wurde vor allem bekannt durch seine Arbeiten zur Bewusstseinsforschung. Inhaltsverzeichnis … Deutsch Wikipedia
Antonio Damasio — Antonio Damasio. Antonio R. Damasio (Lisbonne, Portugal, 1944) est professeur de neurologie, neurosciences et psychologie. Il est le directeur de l Institut pour l étude neurologique de l émotion et de la créativité de l Université de la… … Wikipédia en Français
Antonio Damasio — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Antonio Damasio António C. R. Damásio, (Lisboa, 25 de febrero de 1944), médico y neurólogo de origen portugués … Wikipedia Español
Antonio R. Damasio — António Damásio António Damásio (2. von rechts) António R. Damásio (* 25. Februar 1944 in … Deutsch Wikipedia
Damasio — ist: Damasio (Griechenland), eine Ortschaft in Griechenland, etwa 20 km nordwestlich von Larisa Damásio ist: Damásio (Brasilien), eine Ortschaft in der Gemeinde Tutóia im Bundesstaat Maranhão im Nordosten von Brasilien der Name folgender Personen … Deutsch Wikipedia
Damásio — ist: Damásio (Brasilien), eine Ortschaft in der Gemeinde Tutóia im Bundesstaat Maranhão im Nordosten von Brasilien der Name folgender Personen: António Damásio (* 1944), portugiesischer Neurowissenschaftler Hanna Damásio (* 1942), portugiesische… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Antonio de Villegas — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Antonio de Villegas (Medina del Campo [Valladolid, España], * c. 1522 † c. 1551), escritor español. Junto con Gregorio Silvestre y otros discípulos de Cristóbal de Castillejo se opuso a las tendencias italianizantes… … Wikipedia Español
Hanna Damasio — Hanna Damásio (Lisboa, 24 de septiembre de 1942) es una médico y neuróloga portuguesa. Trabaja junto a su marido Antonio Damasio. Biografía Hanna nace en Lisboa en 1942 y consigue su doctorado en medicina por la Universidad de Lisboa en 1969. En… … Wikipedia Español
Hanna Damásio — (* 24. September 1942 in Lissabon) ist eine portugiesische Neurowissenschaftlerin. Sie ist Professorin für Psychologie und Neurologie an der University of Southern California und leitet das dortige Dornsife Neuroimaging Center. Außerdem forscht… … Deutsch Wikipedia


text:
The (Mclaren) plot thickens: "Liar, liar, pants on fire, nose as long as a telephone wire"
Somehow, that lyric from the immortal song by the Zombies fits Formula One today.
As the team managers of McLaren and Ferrari get into a shouting match prior to qualifying for the Hungarian Grand Prix – a match that ends only when Bernie Ecclestone physically stands between the two – details of the McLaren defense are emerging.
They're not pretty.
According to McLaren - as related by the team's manager, Ron Dennis, in a letter written in response to the FIA's decision to hear anew Ferrari's allegations that McLaren spied on the team - the initial contact between the teams occurred when Nigel Stepney, then with Ferrari, contacted Mike Coughlan, then and now the chief engineer of McLaren. Stepney ratted out, according to Dennis, an illegal floor design being used by Ferrari. Coughlan reported the information to his superiors at McLaren and McLaren used the information to complain about the design to the FIA, which eventually changed the regulations in a manner that rendered that design illegal.
Stepney also informed McLaren about an ostensibly illegal rear wing design, and this, too, was part of the McLaren complaint. But, the wing design survived FIA scrutiny.
Somehow, despite all this, Ferrari didn't suspect that McLaren was privy to inside information.
In other words, McLaren had a mole inside Ferrari and used the information the mole provided to challenge two of the most important aspects of a Formula One design and were successful in getting the most important of them - Ferrari's floor design – disqualified by the FIA.
So, having succeeded in using the information that Stepney provided,
Dennis says that Coughlan was instructed" to cease contact with Mr. Stepney."
Nonetheless, according to Mr. Dennis, his chief engineer, Mr. Coughlan, was thereafter persistently contacted by Stepney and those contacts ultimately resulted in a face to face meeting between Stepney and Coughlan on April 28th.
According to Dennis, the team knew of the meeting but did not know what transpired at that meeting.
Presumably the team's chief engineer was attempting to explain to Ferrari's director of development that he, i.e., Mr. Coughlan, really wanted to be left alone, that Stepney was becoming a bit of a pest, and that Coughlan really had better things to do, such as washing his hair.
Say what?
According to Dennis, prior to the April 28th meeting between Coughlan and Stepney, Coughlan showed single page documents to others on the McLaren team on two occasions and those documents were which were, in fact, stolen Ferrari documents.
Dennis, however, claims the team was not aware that the documents were from Ferrari until 780 pages of stolen Ferrari documents were recovered from Coughlan's residence on July 3rd.
That was shortly after Coughlan had sent his wife to a photocopy shop to have the stolen documents duplicated and ran into the misfortune of a copy clerk that recognized them for what they were, loved Formula One, and called Ferrari.
Think about that for just a second.
A clerk at a copy shop recognized the stolen Ferrari documents for what they were.
A clerk at a copy shop.
Ron Dennis acknowledges that Coughlan showed his superiors in the team two pages of stolen Ferrari documents.
Coughlan was the chief engineer of the McLaren team.
One presumes that the stolen documents were not the Ferrari team's lunch order, and that the two pages – of 780 pages that he possessed – which Coughlan showed to his superiors were not Jean Todt's invitation list for his next party.
Here is what Dennis wrote:
"Ferrari has tried to latch on to two instances where Mr. Coughlan has stated that he showed single pages which he says were from the Ferrari Documents to two other McLaren staff: Mr. Taylor [a McLaren engineer who was previously employed at Ferrari] and Mr. Neale [Coughlan's immediate superior, whose superior, in turn, was Mr. Dennis]. The Council [of the FIA] has fully investigated these instances, and concluded quite rightly that neither Mr. Taylor nor Mr. Neale were aware that the single pages they were shown were Ferrari confidential information, still less that they were part of a dossier of several hundred pages which Mr. Coughlan had secretly received and kept at his house."
Dennis concludes by asserting that Coughlan "was acting secretly, in breach of his contract with McLaren, and for his own private purposes, quite conceivably as part of a scheme to leave McLaren and join another team together with Mr. Stepney."
Sure thing.
So, why is Coughlan still employed at McLaren?
Ferrari fired Stepney, and the general impression one gets from Ferrari's public statements is that the only reason that they fired him is that they couldn't legally kill him.
But McLaren has merely "suspended" Coughlan.
Granted, McLaren is an English team, and England lacks that sense of revenge which has made the Sicilian mafia both unpopular in fact and popular in fiction. On the other hand, no country values successful spying more than England. Think Bond, James Bond.
So, do you believe Ron Dennis?
Reportedly, Dennis and Ferrari team manager Jean Todt got into a shouting match prior to qualifying for the Hungarian Grand Prix, an incident initiated when Dennis made a provocative gesture toward Todt and that ended only when Formula One czar Bernie Ecclestone stepped between the two.
Ecclestone, it is said, told the two they were being "childish."
Few children get a budget as large as that of the two leading Formula One teams.
They aren't being childish. Exactly the opposite.
They're playing for keeps.
So, here are the choices, courtesy of your devoted reporter at TopSpeed.com:
If you owned a Formula One team - i.e., you were so rich and powerful that you would spend $30 thousand on the floor for the tent in which you provided lunch - and your chief engineer got himself into enough trouble that you could lose the championship that you were in the process of spending $100 million to capture,
You would:
a. Keep him on the team?
b. Keep him on the payroll?
c. Not say anything bad about him publicly?
d. All of the above?
e. None of the above?
Apparently, Mr. Dennis would select d.
As should we all.
We should do our best to emulate Mr. Dennis because,
He's obviously a generous and kind man.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Method of detecting capability for three-dimensional sensing of flat images
FIELD: physics.
SUBSTANCE: method includes rendering an image which creates a depth and volume effect (IDE); detecting electrical activity (EEG) of the brain for white sheet (IWS) rendering and for image IDE rendering; calculating the sum of the overall coherence amplitude on all derivations and components of EEG rhythms, first for IWS rendering
EFFECT: method enables to obtain an objective evaluation of the capability for three-dimensional sensing of flat images, which is achieved owing to use of coherent EEG analysis.
2 dwg
The invention relates to physiology, psychopathologie, optics, neuroscience and can be used in the field of cognitive research to study the interaction of psychological and physiological levels of visual perception, in the field of education to identify creative abilities.
It is known that stereoscopic vision, binocular disparately are natural mechanisms of depth perception and scope of environmental objects [1]. Stereoscopic vision is receiving visual information from the two eyes, two points located at a distance of 6-8 cm from each other. Two observations lead to the fact that when getting into the field of view three-dimensional objects located at different distances from each other, on the retinal images of the eye are formed shifted images (binocular disparately). Believe that binocular disparately retinal images allows us to perceive items that people surround that uniquely position them relative to each other along the depth of the field of view. In that case, if the retinal images are formed two identical projections of any depth or volume should not occur. This variant occurs for remote 200-250 m (and more) of three-dimensional objects, for planar izabrani.
It is known that TREN is ng observations stereoscopic depth of stereograms in terms of their application develops the ability of three-dimensional perception of images on planar media [2-4]. The imposition of projections is carried out when the concentration of the view outside the plane of arrangement of stereograms, in front of her or behind her. An integral element of the training is to acquire the skill rapid transition of the perception of stereoscopic depth from one method of observation to another. There is a constant process of interaction mechanism of eye movements with different state of perception vector depth of stereograms. In the invention [2, 3] fixed physical and technical contradictions. This is the need for three-dimensional perception using two stereoscopic projection and application of any of the terms of overlapping projections, or other technical devices, the guide to the right and left eye stereoscopic projection. In the final stage of the training on one planar projection of the observed effects of spatial perspective images [3].
Known subjective method to determine the ability of three-dimensional perception of planar images [5]. During its implementation are mounted multiple stereo pairs with offset of the individual images on the distance from 0 to 6, see Stereo pairs are presented to a subject who chooses the projection that most closely fits the sense of depth perception on a single projection.
It is known that eye movements in the perception of images is used to objectively is the method of detecting the ability of three-dimensional perception of planar images [6]. The subject are planar image stereograms, 3D raster image. On the binocular eye tracker during exposure to a stimulus material is logged towards concentration sight right (Ra) and left (Le) eyes, determined by X-coordinates, we calculate the difference ∆X=XLe-XRa. The ability of three-dimensional perception planar image is detected from the condition, when you register the condition ∆X≠0. Comparison of the obtained parameters of the activity of the eye under the observation of stereoscopic depth stereograms, depth raster 3D images with similar characteristics in the perception of depth plane image shows that they are subject to the General laws and at least one level of magnitude. Technical support registration on the binocular eye tracker is from 1 to 5 million rubles. This is the method chosen by the prototype.
Object of the invention is the extension of objective methods for the registration of the ability of three-dimensional perception of plane images, the reduction of measurement.
This object is achieved by registration of the electrical activity (EEG) of the brain, on the presentation of a white sheet (AndNLand on the presentation of images with effects of depth perception (AndEH) calculate the total amount ampli the UDA coherence in all leads and components of EEG rhythms,
first, on the presentation of
Figure 1, figure 2 illustrate the principle of the method. Figure 1 shows the photo image of stone tiles AndEH"that creates the effects of depth perception of black and white shades. Figure 2 shows the values of the sum of the full amplitude when perceived the party of the white sheet - "AndNL" and images with the effects of depth AndEH". The amount of amplitude coherence pending on the vertical scale. The terms of the perception of a white sheet and images AndEH" is placed on the horizontal scale. Numbers"1", "2", "3", "4" the indicated readings of the four subjects.
The audit was conducted for the four subjects. The efficiency of image figure 1 was tested for binocular eye tracker during the registration motor control of eye movements. Were the values obtained Δ=XR-XL≠0, confirming the ability of depth perception image 1 test of 1. The remaining numbers indicate the subjects who underwent semester course on the methodology of developing the ability of depth perception planar images. Subjective testing method on the stereograms in the process of fusion of stereotactic showed that they are able to perceive the depth of the image plane of the image, including photographic images of stone tiles 1.
The principle of the method the following. On the head of the subjects are fixed sensors readings EEG rhythms. They come in the EEG analyzer. He must be equipped with software that allows you to select the Delta, theta, alpha, beta rhythms to calculate the full amplitude of the coherence of all rhythms. First, the subject prex is yavlyaetsya white sheet of paper and registration of the EEG.
Next is presented the image "IUE" and re-registration of EEG. Then software methods are amplitude value of coherence for each lead and for all components of the EEG. For the image of a white sheet image "IUE" readings fold amplitude in all leads and all rhythms. Thus there are two integral values of amplitude characterizing the depth perception of the image "IUE" -
We will show the application of the method for the four subjects and registration of EEG rhythms in eight leads. The EEG registration was carried out using computer electroencephalograph Neuron-Spectrum-1 firm "Neurosoft" (Russia) (the bandwidth of amplifiers 0.5-35 Hz) monopolar 8 symmetrical leads right and left brain: occipital (O1, O2), temporal (T3, T4), Central (C3, C4), frontal (F1, F2), located on the international circuit 10-20. After a five-minute adaptation period to the experimental setting were recorded background electrical activity of the brain open eyes when fixing the gaze on a planar white sheet image. Image size 40×30 cm was installed at a distance of ~1.5 m from the subject. The task of subjects was to ensure conditions for a three-dimensional image perception "IUE". On the three-dimensional perception was assessed in earlier tests, and subjective feelings of the subjects.
Primary data recording EEG was processed using the standard software package "Neuron-.NET". Studied the spatial and amplitude-frequency characteristics of cortical electrical activity. The selected individual segments of EEG epoch analysis), for 10 seconds each, deprived artefa the tov, processed by spectral analysis in the field of 3-30 Hz using the algorithm of the fast Fourier transform in the program BrainLoc. Were evaluated by the following criteria EEG power and the maximum frequency of the main ranges of the EEG (Delta, theta, alpha, beta); revealed the spatial-temporal characteristics of brain activity.
The amplitude of the coherence was calculated for the following pairs of leads F1-C3; C3-O1; F2-C4; C4-O2; F1-T3; T3-O1; F2-T4 and T4-O2. When the perception of a white sheet, the greatest value of the sum of the amplitudes of 805 µv/Hz obtained test "1". The values of the pairs of lead ranged from 95 to 106 µv/Hz. Depth perception image "IUE" increases the value of the sum of the amplitudes of more than 2 times, before 1639 µv/Hz.
The subjects of "2" and "3" in terms of the perception of the white sheet of the registered values of the amplitude coherence 714 and 662 µv/Hz. When the depth perception of the image "IUE" there was an increase in amplitude up to 1305 and 1221 µv/Hz. Therefore, indications of the amplitude increase 1.8 times. When the perception of a white sheet smallest value identified for the Respondent "4" - 290 µv/Hz. For this Respondent registered the highest magnification of amplitude coherence in terms of the viewing image "IUE". He reaches values of 4.6, or level of the amplitude of the coherence - 1344 MK is/Hz.
The above example shows that the ability of depth perception and volume can be revealed by the results of registration of EEG and the calculation of the full amplitude coherence. Therefore, it is permissible to conclude that the perception of depth plane image leads to increased coherence of EEG parameters. Cost apparatus for carrying out the registration of EEG rhythms in tens times less than the cost of binocular eye tracker.
Surveys of approximately 1,000 age senior high school students show that up to 90% of them already have the ability to take some pictures with effects relief, including such distant objects, as the cloud cover.
The ability of three-dimensional perception planar image allows you to watch any flat image as three-dimensional scene, to regulate the depth of the individual images. There are conditions conversion of previously flat perception in a dynamically changing the depth of the three-dimensional distribution, especially on the color palette, or multiple solution depth perception and volume previously planar image. In the "format" of a metatheory psychologist U. Neisser and generalized cognitive schemes of the way to seek, receive, information processing structured mechanisms of divergent thinking. The other is the capture, the proposed solution is to treat experimental technology to identify, not only the perception of the volume of the flat image, but also elements of divergent thinking, therefore, and creative abilities.
On the one hand, the development of the ability to perceive the planar image with depth and volume can lead to the improvement of the technical means, using the principles of visual perception. On the other hand, registration of eye movements on the binocular eye tracker in terms of three-dimensional perception of planar images revealed and negative sides. This appearance of non-stationary conditions of the eye movement. The instability of perception can lead to increased time making decisions when use cases of plane images in critical conditions. The negative side is called the necessity of finding a significant reduction in hardware costs to identify the ability of three-dimensional perception of planar images. This is the approach proposed in this application.
The invention relates to physiology, psychopathologie, optics, neuroscience and can be used in the field of cognitive research to study the interaction of psychological and physiological levels of visual perception, in the field of education on what I identify creative abilities.
1. Hubel D. Eye, brain, vision: TRANS. with ang. - M.: Mir, 1990. - 239 S.
2. Pat. 2264299 EN. Method of forming three-dimensional images (options) / V.N. Antipov. - Publ. 20.11.05; bull. No. 32.
3. Pat. RU # 2391948. The way of the development of stereoscopic vision / V.N. Antipov, ALEXANDER Antipov. - Publ. 20.06.2010. - Bul.
4. Antipov, VN, Baltina T.V., Yakushev R.S., ALEXANDER Antipov Cognitive control of visual perception of modern man as an object of study Bioecology // scientific notes of Kazakh state University. A series of natural. science. - 2008. - T, kN. - C-151.
5. Pat. 2321034 EN. The method of determining the degree of adaptation of the human visual system / V. Antipov. and other - Publ. 27.03.2008. - Bull. No. 9.
6. Antipov, VN, Vakhrameeva O.A., Kalimullin DZ, Zhegallo AV, Hrusov A.K., Shelepin J.E. Experimental study of 3D perception of the images of plane images // "Experimental method in the structure of psychological knowledge / Resp. Ed. VA Drummers. - M.: Publishing house of the Institute of psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2012. - S-194
The way to determine the ability of three-dimensional perception of plane images, including the presentation of the image, creating the illusion of depth and volume (AndEH), characterized in that record electrical activity (EEG) of the brain on the presentation of a white sheet (AndNLand on the presentation of the image AndEHcalculate the sum of the full amplit the water coherence in all leads and components of the EEG rhythms first to assert And
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, and may be used in occupational pathology. Person's open eyes are exposed to a white light of a colour temperature varying within the range of 1700 K - 10000 K. An electroencephalogram is recorded; its spectral analysis is performed to state the effect to be activating as shown by a power spectrum of alpha and theta waves reducing by more than 25% of background values.
EFFECT: method enables an individual selection of a colour temperature having the activating effect.
2 tbl, 2 ex
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine and may be used for assessing the light exposure generated by a light-emitting-diode source on the functional status of human brain cortex. The white light exposure covers individual's open eyes at colour temperature 1700-10000 °K, illumination 80-300 lx at the eye level. That is followed by electroencephalogram recording and spectral analysis. If observing an increase or a decrease of alpha or teta wave spectral power by more than 25% of a baseline value, the light exposure is considered to be physiologically active, and by less than 25% - as physiologically neutral.
EFFECT: method provides more reliable assessment of the functional status of human brain that is ensured by biological activity rating within the alpha and teta wave range.
4 tbl, 4 ex
FIELD: chemistry.
SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, and may be used for changing the functional status of an individual. The individual's open eyes are exposed to white light at colour temperature 1700 °K or 10000 °K, at lighting intensity 200 lx at the eye level. That is followed by electroencephalogram recording and spectral analysis. If an alpha wave spectral power increases by more than 50%, while a teta wave spectral power increases by more than 25% of a baseline value, the effect is considered to be relaxant.
EFFECT: method enables assessing the action of colour temperature individually that can cause the relaxant effect on an individual.
2 tbl, 2 ex
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely dentistry. An encephalogram (EEG) is recorded in patients with the disturbed cerebral hemodynamics. The EEG is repeated with an occlusal load using 10-20 g of comb honey for 3-4 minutes. If a post-therapeutic alpha rhythm recovers or prevails on the EEG, the conducted orthopaedic alignment is considered to be effective.
EFFECT: method provides more reliable estimation of the orthopaedic alignment of dental patients suffering a cerebrovascular pathology that is ensured by using the occlusal load.
4 dwg, 1 ex
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine and may be used to estimate the indications for prescribing drug preparations incompatible with alcohol ingestion, in addictology, psychiatry, as well as psychotherapy. There are performed electroencephalography and psychological testing: the first stage involves electroencephalography (EEG) in the patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome for the presence of short wave, desynchronosis and asymmetric bioelectric brain activity, disturbed alpha activity; the given study aims at finding the presence or absence of an organic pathology of brain functioning related to disturbed bioelectric activity. At the second stage, the patients with EEG findings showing no signs of an organic brain involvement are estimated considering the personal nonverbal emotional attitude system using colour repertory grid (CRG) techniques with using groups of alcohol-related objects and displaying Luscher colour cards. Pearson linear correlation coefficients of the elements and constructs to be further processed using a principal component analysis procedure. The detected factor loadings of the two most important components are used as two-dimensional element coordinates when constructing a graphical model of the attitude system of the person being tested. The presence of high conformity in the two representational personal emotional attitude system (verbal and nonverbal) gives evidence of the intact and adequate personality motivation sphere and serves as an indication for prescribing drug preparations of opioid receptor antagonists (naltrexone) and a cognitive behaviour therapy of alcohol dependency. The presence of low conformity is a sign of such disturbances of the motivation sphere that neutralise possibilities of psychotherapeutic methods and serves as a proof for prescribing drug preparations incompatible with alcohol ingestion (disulphiram, cyanamide).
EFFECT: method enables the objective and accurate estimation of the correctness of indications in predicting the effective use of drug preparations incompatible with alcohol ingestion, within the alcohol dependence therapy.
1 ex
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to anaesthesiology, and may be used in assessing an adequate general anaesthesia in the children aged from 4 to 14 years old. That is ensured by pre-anaesthetic and intra-anaesthetic intraoperative recording of long-latency auditory evoked potentials. That is followed by summing up initial latencies of first three pre-anaesthetic peaks (P1, N1, P2) to calculate sum A, subtracting the sum of the latencies of the first three intraoperative peaks (P1, N1, P2) to calculate sum B. The A to B relation is multiplied by 100. A percentage of the latencies of the intra-anaesthetic peaks P1, N1, P2 to the pre-anaesthetic values is considered as the adequate general anaesthesia. For the children of the first age group of 4-6 years old, the general anaesthesia is considered to be adequate, if the percentage is 140-253%; for the children of the second age group of 7-9 years old, the adequate general anaesthesia is shown by the percentage of 133-253%; for the children of the third age group of 10-12 years old, the adequate anaesthesia is shown by the percentage of 159-190%; and the percentage of 125-271% provides the adequate general anaesthesia for the children of the fourth age group of 13-14 years old.
EFFECT: method provides the adequate and easy assessment of the anaesthesia ensured by reducing a time of examination and simplicity of data interpretation in the form of one three-peak wave.
1 ex, 6 tbl
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of medicine, namely to neurophysiological methods of examination. Registration of EEG is carried out, total power of modal fluctuation in alpha-rhythm range in one of leads is determined and FRα1 index is calculated as ration of said power to total power of all alpha range fluctuations in the same lead. Value of the sum of power of fluctuations, located ±0.5 Hz on the right and on the left from maximal power value, including maximal value, is determined, and FRα2 index is calculated as ratio of the obtained sum of power to total power of all fluctuations of alpha-range in the same lead. Intensity of brain affection is determined by comparison of obtained FRα1 and FRα2 values with standard values.
EFFECT: method makes it possible to determined quantitative ratio of alpha-rhythm, characteristic of separate nosologic units in psychiatry.
2 tbl, 1 dwg
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, namely to pediatrics and can be used in neurology, medical psychology and psychiatry. Clinical examination of children is carried out by complaints, anamnestic information and data of physical examination. Assessed are: symptoms of vegetative manifestations at the moment of examination and peculiarities of sensomotor reactions: weight and length of body at birth, gestation age, response to stimulation in children of first year of life, sleep in children of first year of life, EEG in children of early age, parasomnia, enuresis, meteosensitivity, headaches, vessel lability, vestibulopathy, peculiarities of motor sphere, feeding behaviour, skin manifestations, course of infectious and somatic diseases, menstrual disorders in adolescent girls, brain ultrasound examination. Connection of said disorders with predominant dysfunction of right or left brain hemispheres is determined.
EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase reliability of diagnostics, which is achieved due to taking into account vegetative reactions and disorders in child of first year of life.
1 tbl, 2 ex
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of medicine, namely to oncologic neurosurgery, neurology, psychiatry and functional diagnostics. Electroencephalographic examination is carried out. Level of coherent connection between pole-frontal and anterior temporal regions of cerebral cortex on the right is calculated in beta-range. If said parameter is higher than 0.52, Korsakoff's syndrome is diagnosed.
EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase reliability of Korsakoff's syndrome diagnostics.
1 tbl, 2 ex
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to drug-free methods for activation of the cerebral verbal functions. Cerebral signals are recorded. Their duration is measured. A related verbal stimulus is established for the derived wave duration and has an effect on the patient. That is followed by measuring the duration of the next current wave through a time interval not less than the maximum duration of the used verbal stimuli, and the patient is exposed to the verbal stimulus corresponding to the current wave. According to the other version of implementing the method, the duration of the current wave is measured, and the corresponding verbal and contextually harmonised visual stimuli are set for the above duration. The patient is exposed thereto. That is followed by measuring the duration of the regular current wave through a time interval not less than the maximum duration of the used verbal stimuli, and the patient is exposed to the verbal and contextually harmonised visual stimuli corresponding to the current wave.
EFFECT: invention enables acceleration the process of verbal development in children.
1 dwg, 3 ex
FIELD: physics.
SUBSTANCE: method, which employs an endoscope, involves obtaining k flat projections of a moving three-dimensional object U using the recording system thereof, mounting k-1 stereoscopic projections stU(k-1) of a flat image U, training the vision system to observe depth thereon. Stereopairs of shadow projections of the endoscope are obtained, the vision system is demonstrated in dynamic conditions of perceiving depth of a series of stereopairs: stU(1)-stU(1); stU(1)-stU(2)…stU(1)-stU(k). Training is carried out and discrete changes in the level of stereoscopic depth is observed thereon and perception of depth on the stereopair stU(1)-stU(1) and the single projection U are reduced to identical perception of depth of the stereopair stU(1)-stU(k). Stereopairs can be coded using a raster technique, using sets of plastic cylindrical lenses, and k SD raster images are obtained. Stereopairs can be coded and displayed on a monitor screen.
EFFECT: high identification efficiency of objects for inspecting luggage, broader conditions for developing cognitive three-dimensional perception of flat images.
3 cl, 3 dwg
FIELD: physics.
SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing an assembly of images with horizontal and vertical dimensions A×B. One flat image is selected and scaled. Two sets of stereoscopic projections are constructed. The first with horizontal projection dimension L0 consists of K items. The second with horizontal projection dimension l0, less than L0, consists of k items, and is arranged in q horizontal rows. The first forms a "low-frequency" row of the set of projections, which are placed at a distance L, greater than L0. "High-frequency" rows, on which projections are placed at a distance l, greater than l0 and less than L, form a common background for assembly and are filled dimension B. The high-frequency background is used and two identical inscriptions are formed therefrom, which are placed at a distance L+ΔL, that way forming three depth levels. Observation of three depth levels and the stereoscopic depth on the image with dimension L0 and l0 is trained. Stereoscopic projections are encoded using a cylindrical bitmap technique. The bitmap is assembled. View is concentrated to the location plane of the bitmap and spatial perspective is formed with dynamically varying plane-volumetric perception; where K, k and q are whole numbers; the difference (L-k1) is greater than zero but less than 0.1L; ΔL is greater than zero but less than 0.1L; (L+ΔL) is not equal to k1.
EFFECT: obtaining spatial perspective of bitmap images with dynamically varying plane-volumetric perception of images.
5 dwg
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of medicine. Device contains foropters with Polaroid filters for left and right eyes, four-point Polaroid test-object, laser system of illumination of test-object light windows, connected with control unit and optically connected with light windows of test-object. In addition device is provided with light-conducting braids, which consist of four mono-mode light conductors, united from one side into common butt end, cameras of eye position observation and light-dividing filters, foropetrs being provided with frames with side windows. Laser system of illumination contains at least three mono-mode laser sources, which produce irradiation in wavelength rage 405-630 nm. Light-conducting braids with their common butt ends are connected to respective laser source, being optically connected with their free ends with each of four light windows of test-object. Light-dividing filters are installed inside frames, before apertures of foropters with 45° turn relative to their optic axes and are optically connected with apertures of observation cameras, fixed on frames, opposite side windows.
EFFECT: application of claimed device will ensure carrying out reliable diagnostics and increase treatment efficiency.
2 cl, 1 dwg
FIELD: medicine; psychophysiology.
SUBSTANCE: there is presented set of test figures formed within visual field of examined patient from binocular overlapping of images generated by Julesch's random-point stereograms method. Herewith flat turn angle is registered for one pair image whereat the test figure is not perceived as solid. Registered threshold angle is used as quantitative index of IIHI. Herewith there is a test object presented within visual field of examined patient and containing two image sequences; each image of the second sequence in each subsequent stereopair is turned in its own plane, around its own centre by the angle relative to image position in the first sequence. The turn angle increases as far as serial number of the image increases, and threshold angle is determined by serial number of last image perceived by the examined patient as solid.
EFFECT: extended range of facilities to test IIHI of human cerebrum.
6 cl, 1 tbl, 4 ex
FIELD: medical technology.
SUBSTANCE: device represents a basis with an accommodometer installed thereon. The accommodometer includes a movable pattern in the form of a screen for demonstration of test figures, a binocular unit opposite to the pattern with optical elements and corrective lenses. The accommodometer is equipped with a frame body in the form of oblongish frame connected, at one end with the basis by means of a horizontal axle, the other end of the frame being capable of angular movement relative to the basis. The pattern in the form of a round flat screen is installed on the body frame from the side of a joint between the body frame and the basis and can move along guideways in the direction of the binocular unit. The latter unit includes a plate with correcting lenses for each eye and foropter's plates with lenses placed in a circumferential direction, as well as an ocular and a beam splitter. The plate with correcting lenses and foropter's plates are mounted on the support bracket the enabling to change the centre distance.
EFFECT: increased accuracy and reliability of data obtained; increased tuning quality; possibility to perform wide range of diagnostic works.
4 cl, 12 dwg
FIELD: medicine; medical engineering.
SUBSTANCE: method involves showing concave face mask as test object. Distance to the test object is increased in discrete steps from 0.2 to 6 m in tachystoscopic exposures between test object steps of fixed test object. Luminous ring stimulus is shown after each exposure. Individual distance values associated with visual effects occurred are measured. Distance changes dynamics is studied for distances required for doing reverse test object inversion in several repeating actions of test object approaching and moving away. Inversion regularity is studied in carrying out active approaching- moving away of testee to the test object. Device has two guides and carriage with test object, movable by means of engine along them. The test object is enclosed into light-tight box having illumination inside it, optimum for creating illusions, independent of its movements. Slit shaped as the mask and ring circumscribing the slit and becoming radiant at given moments are available on luminous panel. Head holder fixed at the device end, measuring ribbon attached to carriage with its ends and having ring connection over bobbins available on the guide member ends. Ribbon scale division in front of fixed pointer in chamber isolated for researcher at the device end shows distance from testee eyes to the test object. Remote control desk is also available for controlling device operation. Testee button is mounted outside for stopping test object carriage movement. The device enables one to vary test object presentation mode, change short exposure durations, continuously showing the continuously approaching test object.
EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness in determining regularity of binocular inversion versus intensity and duration of binocular stimulation; high accuracy in determining individual typological specific changes in intensity and duration of binocular stimulation.
2 cl, 2 dwg
FIELD: tool-making industry.
SUBSTANCE: method for determining degree of adaptation of a human optic system in modern informational and computerized environment includes influencing the human optic system with flat images applied onto flat carrier, where firstly a spatial object is selected, applied to flat carrier, optical system is influenced and first sensation of depth of image applied to flat carrier is determined, then 2D - projections of selected object are constructed with horizontal displacement of observation point from 0 to 6 centimeters, the projections are positioned along a horizontal line, conditions are created for superposition of adjacent projections by concentration of sight on the object positioned between the carrier with projections and eyes, sensations of depth of adjacent projections are determined, resulting depth sensations are compared, second sensation of depth of images, closest to the first one, is determined, and degree of adaptation of human optical system is estimated.
EFFECT: possibility to determine degree of adaptation of human optical system to influence of two-dimensional images in modern informational and computerized environment and level of perception of aforementioned environment.
7 dwg
FIELD: medicine; ophthalmology.
SUBSTANCE: device can be used for determining character of binocular vision for children and adults. Device has two band-pass raster light filters mounted in goggle's frame. Light filters of different colors have bands mounted at straight angle to each other. Cuts of light filter for right eye are disposed at angle of 135 degrees and cuts for left eye - at angle of 45 degrees.
EFFECT: eased interpretation of picture being visible to child; reduced time for checking binocular vision.
2 dwg, 1 app.
FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: method involves detecting binocular interaction by applying color test having color object with green upper and lower object, red right and common object. The common object of yellow color is applied as green and red object superposition. A patient seeing five objects as vertical row of three green objects with two red ones on the left and right side of the middle green object, functional suppression microscotoma is to be diagnosed.
EFFECT: high accuracy of test results.
5 dwg
FIELD: medicine, ophthalmology.
SUBSTANCE: a Maddox cylinder ("stick") in pilot rim should be applied onto right-hand eye of a patient and a red light filter - onto left-hand eye. Photo-target (the source of light) should be put at level of patient's eyes at different distance against a patient. The degree of strabismus should be determined due to measuring the distance from a photo-target (a source of light) up to red vertical strip with the help of a ruler, the data obtained should be transformed into degrees by applying special scale for transforming linear values of corresponding angles in accordance to the distance at which the measurement took place.
EFFECT: higher efficiency of studying.
3 dwg, 3 ex, 1 tbl
FIELD: medicine, ophthalmology.
SUBSTANCE: a Maddox cylinder ("stick") in pilot rim should be applied onto right-hand eye of a patient and a red light filter - onto left-hand eye. Photo-target (the source of light) should be put at level of patient's eyes at different distance against a patient. The degree of strabismus should be determined due to measuring the distance from a photo-target (a source of light) up to red vertical strip with the help of a ruler, the data obtained should be transformed into degrees by applying special scale for transforming linear values of corresponding angles in accordance to the distance at which the measurement took place.
EFFECT: higher efficiency of studying.
3 dwg, 3 ex, 1 tbl


text:
Wesley Robert Edens is an American businessman, private equity investor and sports team owner.[1] A cofounder of Fortress Investment Group and founder of New Fortress Energy[2], Edens is also a co-owner of the Milwaukee Bucks, a National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, along with Marc Lasry. He also owns the League of Legends team FlyQuest.[1] A group consisting of Edens and Nassef Sawiris injected cash into English Championship club Aston Villa in July 2018, becoming majority shareholders[3].Contents
In his teenage years, Edens was a competitive skier[4]. Edens received a B.S. in Finance and Business Administration from Oregon State University in 1984.[5]Career Lehman Brothers and BlackRock
He began his career in 1987 at Lehman Brothers, where he was a partner and managing director until 1993.[6] He then went to BlackRock's private equity division BlackRock Asset Investors, where he remained until 1997 as a partner and managing director.[7][6]Fortress Investment Group
Wes Edens was one of five principal partners—Peter (Pete) Briger, Jr., Robert (Rob) Kauffman, Randal (Randy) Nardone and Michael Edward (Mike) or (Novo) Novogratz[8]—who founded Fortress Investments in 1998.[9] Edens investment style was described in a 2007 The Wall Street Journal article as one based on "contrarian bets, creative financing and a knack for building business from investments."[10] Fortress became the first publicly traded buyout firm on February 9, 2007 with Eden and his partners taking the company public through its initial public offering.[8][11] Fortress had sold an 8% share to the public for $600 million by 2009.
By 2007 Fortress assets under management included both private equity and publicly traded alternative investment vehicles—fourteen private equity funds, four hedge funds, and two real estate vehicles, and went public. When the Japanese financial holding company, Nomura Holdings acquired 15% of Fortress for $888 million in December 2006 with proceeds going to the five principals, Edens and his partners became paper billionaires.[12][13] Edens became Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors at Fortress in 2009,[14] and helped the company, which saw its stock price fall to below one dollar after the subprime mortgage crisis,[15] resurge by offering subprime lending.[15] He served as Chairman of Fortress Transportation and Infrastructure Investors LLC from 2015 to May, 2016.
In January 2017 Fortress announced the creation of an eSports (professional video gaming) team called FlyQuest. The team currently has a League of Legends team that competes in the North American League of Legends Championship Series (NA LCS).[16]Springleaf Financial Services
Edens, who runs Fortress's private equity business, was the catalyst at Fortress behind the purchase of subprime lender Springleaf Financial Services—then known as AIG's American General Finance.[17] which made Fortress Springleaf's majority stakeholder. By 2015 the value of Springleaf Holdings Inc. had ballooned to "$3.5 billion — putting the firm's gain at more than 27 times Fortress's original investment of $124 million in 2010." Edens was heralded as the "new king of subprime lending" by The Wall Street Journal.[15][18] Edens is chairman of the subprime lender Springleaf Financial Services—formerly known as AIG's American General Finance.[17] Fortress acquired 80% of Springleaf in August 2010 for $125 million and used Springleaf and Nationstar to "build out a financial-services business within its private-equity unit, which manages $14.3 billion in assets."[17]Nationstar
Edens' is chairman of Nationstar Mortgage, formerly known as Centex Home Equity Company, LLC, a subprime home equity mortgage lender, which was acquired by Fortress for $575 million in 2006.[19][20] In 2005 Centex was "operating in major U.S. markets in 25 states and delivered more than 33,000 homes in the United States."[20] In 2014 Edens' connection to Nationstar Mortgage was cited by opponents of a proposed public-financing deal for the construction of a new arena the Wisconsin Entertainment and Sports Center. They advocated for more public resources to rehabilitate foreclosed homes managed by Nationstar.[21][18]Milwaukee Bucks
In 2014 Edens and Marc Lasry purchased the Bucks from Herb Kohl for $550 million, promising to keep the team in Wisconsin and build a new arena to replace the BMO Harris Bradley Center.[1][22] As of February 2018, the NBA franchise was valued at nearly double that amount, $1.075 billion[23].Personal life
Edens and his wife Lynn have four children. Youngest daughter Mallory received significant, controversial media attention following her appearance as the Milwaukee Bucks' team representative at the 2014 NBA Draft lottery.[24][25] His hobbies include horse jumping and mountain climbing.[26]Further reading .mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}


text:
Every time it is not possible to get train reservation tickets. Particularly, in festive and summer seasons. Booking a ticket for the train is hard. Most of the people don't know the difference between online reservation ticket and booking at reservation counter. There are some advantages over the e-ticketing for the reservations at the station. By just following this trick, you will have the journey on any sleeper coach without reservation.
Journey in sleeper coach without Reservation
- Open IRCTC website check trains for your journey route.
- Select your convenient train from the listed trains and check for seat availability.
- If that has waiting list tickets, then book on online and go to nearest reservation counter.
- Take the reservation form and fill the journey details along with train name and number which you prefer.
- Submit your form and get waiting list ticket with any number (waiting list size doesn't matter).
- As per Indian Railways, online booked waiting list tickets will be canceled once chart got prepared.But counter ticket advantage is it is valid for your sleeper coach journey.Counter ticket can't be canceled anymore.
- With this simple trick, you can travel in sleeper coach without any reservation ticket.
Categories: Indian Railways IRCTC Train Tickets Travel


text:
Wednesday, 28 August 2019
Rain, glorious rain. A deluge hit us right around sunrise this morning. I had watched a small storm cell on radar build for about an hour after waking up before it finally got to us. I was fearful to hope too much, giddy as ever in anticipation, and delighted when it finally arrived. I could feel the garden sighing relief. This rainfall is the heaviest we've seen in a month. Enough of those 0.06 inch drizzles that barely coat the driveway. This event broke the one inch mark! (We would eventually get 2.06 inches!!!)
I, too, can take a breather because I've been hauling hoses left and right for the past few weeks. It is my own fault, trying to get perennials in the ground before the onset of frost and an early start on direct seeding fall crops.
I sowed some more collards last evening in the nautical twilight, 'Alabama Blue' and 'Variegated' from Southern Exposure Seed Exchange. I got home a bit late from work, and by the time I got outside I could barely see. Phone flashlight and hoe in hand, I made furrows, and then again with the phone flashlight, I scattered seed in the uncovered earth. I closed the soil, watered the seeds in, and said a little prayer that the rain would indeed come. This morning, that request was answered.
I always like to time my fall seed sowing outdoors with good forecasts of rain. But, you never know this time of year. One forecast predicted an 80% chance today of 0.25 inches; another said 40% for around half an inch. Guessing the weather is mostly models and probability, and until the rubber... or perhaps I should say rain... hits the road, it is all wishful thinking. I've watched storms go around us or break apart it seems like for the majority of the summer.
Towards the end of the soaking this morning I went out umbrella in hand and sowed two handfuls of 'Red Giant' purple mustard seed I saved from last year into an area of my prairie that I just plugged some grasses for autumn. I want biomass to cover the soil so that I don't have too much weeding to do in that area this fall.
The rain saved me today, too. I had just planted some 'Standing Ovation' Schizachyrium grasses into the prairie when I discovered them ripped out of the ground this morning by an armadillo. Furious, I stooped to the ground and replanted them in the muck. I don't know what they are going after. Perhaps moisture. They have plenty of that now to go after other places.
Sowing Hymenocallis
Recently, my colleague Wayne brought me some Hymeocallis seed that he found at an old homesite, probably Hymenocallis occidentalis var. eulae, but I'm not going to rule out other species until it flowers in a few years. I was thrilled to receive these seed because I've wanted to propagate spider lilies. In the middle of August when other native perennials are struggling, these late-flowering forms are usually erupting into bloom with their fantastic white flowers.
Another really cool fact that I learned about Hymenocallis recently is that their seed coats are photosynthetic. Norman Deno hypothesized that photosynthesis actually helps the seed produce compounds that aids germination. The trigger for many seeds to germinate is the presence of water (at the right temperature with plentiful oxygen). However, many Hymenocallis are hydric species. Therefore, having an additional requirement like the need for light would be the better germination trigger than water since the liquid stuff is so plentiful in swamps and ditches. My guess is that some of the species that grow in drier conditions haven't quite lost this requirement. I plan to put the pot in a bag to help keep the humidity up on the seeds and check on them once a week.
Liatris aspera has been an incredible bloomer in my garden this August, and the butterflies and hummingbird moths seem to enjoy it as much as I do. This year is the first I've grown this species of blazing star. I first learned it as rough blazing star (aspera is Latin for rough), but I never liked the taste of that name when it rolls off the tongue. Rough, bleh. I've recently heard it called button blazing star because of the large involucres that eventually blush and erupt into bloom, and I find that name much more pleasing.
I found or perhaps I should say rediscovered Liatris aspera in the wild recently on a roadside near Gurdon, Arkansas. Back in May a traffic jam forced us off the interstate and onto a back road where I found a massive population of Echinacea pallida along a half mile of the roadside. Amongst them I noticed some Liatris aspera just starting to elongate.
Fast forward a couple months, and on a trip back to Texas I wondered if they would be in bloom since my clump was just starting at home. We drove back to the spot and sure enough they were just beginning to blossom. It was like a Milky Way of blazing stars with constellations of white buds twinkling and clusters of purple spirals capturing the eye. Being in a plant community they were shorter and less vigorous than those in my garden. But, some inflorescences were still up to my chest.
But, why were there so many here? My guess is because the plants are allowed to go to seed, and then mowed late in the year. The Echinacea seed heads still visible support my hypothesis. And, the late-season mowing likely keeps down the competition from trees and shrubs. It is a good management strategy.
Back home, mine is just starting to go to seed. I cut a flower cluster in half and found several black kernels starting to swell inside. Maybe one day parts of my prairie will be full of blazing star just like that vibrant roadside that left my starry-eyed.
Until next time, #keepgrowing!


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Event Actions
In event actions, when creating a new event you can define actions to be performed by the jowiHue plugin. To find the possible action you have to select "Jowihue:JowiHue actions" in the list, which will bring you to the possible actions:
- Set Lights
- Set Scene
- Start Animation
- Stop Animation
- Pause Polling
Set Lights
With this event action you can set the preset or random preset group, brightness, Hue, saturation, color temperature, xy value and Transition time to a light or a group. If you are using the RaspBee/ConBee gateway you also choose to set the pace for the colorloop. Depending on the selected type of lights the above options will hide or be visible.
Set Scene
With this event action you can set the scene to be activated for your lights. You can trigger this event and it will set the lamps to the scene you defined through the Creativity page. In the scene you already have preselected the lights that are used for the scene, so there is no need to select lights. Just set the conditions to trigger the event, or create a manual event that could be triggered from other events or through HSTouch buttons. The plugin will also let you select scenes defined on the bridge here.
Start Animation
With events you can start an animation when the event triggers. Depending the Animation Stretch option you see two options: If the animation is set to not stretching, you can simply select the animation and you're done.
When the chosen animation has stretching option enabled you will see three radio buttons, enabling you to choose for Sunset, Sunrise or Set time. When Set time is chosen you can select the end time with a time picker.
Stop Animation
With the stop anaimation action you can select an animation that will stop the animaion of your choice. Other animations, if any active, will not be interupted.
Pause polling
The action Pause polling is used when other apps are taking a lot of resources of the Philips Hue Bridge. For instance, if you have a music app controlling the Hue lights, there will be a lot of commands send to the Hue bridge. Sometimes the polling frequency of the JowiHue plugin can get in the way of demanding apps causing the bridge to drop commands. In this case you can pause pollling from the plugin for a set period.
Lights and groups are still controllable - you can still switch lights on or off, or change colorsettings, but devices will not be refreshed with current state of lights.
If you want to resume polling within the selected time period, you need to restart the plugin.


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Escena gastronómica en Kloveniersburgwal, Amsterdam
"Good affordable food, refuge from the shopping streets and flower market. Large brown cafe with views over the water. "
- Recomendado por 75 habitantes locales
Restaurante chino
"This place is amazing for lunch: people are queueing up for the best dim sum of Amsterdam. Highly recommended, but it the line might take some time."
- Recomendado por 32 habitantes locales
Candy Store
"Excellent stop for Italian coffee on a sunny terrace. They also have luxury sandwiches and pastry. Don't forget to visit their Bomboni shop just a fews doors further. "
- Recomendado por 35 habitantes locales
Tienda de regalos
"Droog is a conceptual design company that focus on matters that affect society and its people. The work is anti-disciplinary. And the outcome can be anything that contributes to society."
- Recomendado por 35 habitantes locales
"My favourite bar in the neighborhood. They offer a large selection of draft beers and have some decent food too. It has a literary atmosphere and a great terrace outside where mostly locals come."
- Recomendado por 30 habitantes locales
Restaurante de mariscos
"Ron Blaauw oversees this stylish Mitchelin star restaurant within the Grand Hotel serving innovative seafood dishes."
- Recomendado por 15 habitantes locales
"Quality weed and hash in city center...lot's of bad coffeeshops around, so look for this one when you're there. "
- Recomendado por 9 habitantes locales
Lugar de sándwiches
"'Breadbar'. Great (small) place to grab a sandwich while you are walking down the city- its owned by a friend of mine! "
- Recomendado por 6 habitantes locales
Restaurante especializado en ramen
"Amsterdam can get rainy and cold, and if it does there's nothing that'll warm you up as well as a bowl of yummy hot ramen!"
- Recomendado por 7 habitantes locales
Restaurante tai
"One of the best Thai restaurants in the neighborhood. Don't choose from the menu but ask the staff to surprise you with their own selection of thai specialities. "
- Recomendado por 5 habitantes locales
"Tapas and Mediterranean cuisine, good wines. Check out the Monday tapas-for-two deal and their collection of about 100 different grappas."
- Recomendado por 5 habitantes locales
Restaurante malayo
"This is a Maleisyan restaurant. They serve no alcohol but the food is more then worthy. Take the little pancakes as a starter! "
- Recomendado por 7 habitantes locales
"Traditional 'brown café, try to sit outside and watch Amsterdammers pass by bike."
- Recomendado por 5 habitantes locales
"Nice bar near the university. Good place to stop if you're walking through the neighbourhood. "
- Recomendado por 4 habitantes locales
"Nice Restaurant Bar with good food and also own beer, in the center of Amsterdam prices good. "
- Recomendado por 5 habitantes locales
"An old local brown cafe, for coffe, drinks or a simple, fine and affordable meal like a salad or burger. "
- Recomendado por 4 habitantes locales


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Crushed worker sustains multiple injuries in fencer's third incident
16 July 2018
A company that makes and installs temporary security fencing must pay £260,000 after its failure to overhaul "dangerous" loading procedures resulted in a worker sustaining multiple injuries.
Nick Warburton is acting editor of IOSH Magazine. He is a former editor of SHP and has also worked on Local Authority Waste and Recycling and Environmental Health Practitioner.
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Instruction is intended to inspire, to broaden your intellectual horizons, to supply you with the awareness of the world, to challenge you. Some individuals just are not suited to post-secondary schooling. Education isn't getting more ineffective just due to political wrangling about the portion of faith in universities, but also since there is a shortage of understanding about moral problems, such as plagiarism. It is essential for nearly every sort of job or career, and in many cases, education makes the difference between having the ability to perform a job safely and correctly and being not able to perform a job in any way. Others believe education is essential as it teaches people around the world around them. Education is all about far more than the marks you get. Education in america isn't as effective as it should be due to a range of problems inherent inside the computer system. Schools are structured in the exact same way in the least nations around the globe.
And much more than anything else, they're grandiose.
The college or the educational institutions may enable the child to learn new abilities and also learn how to interact with folks of different social backgrounds. Students need to be granted the opportunity. So, rather than just playing the characters, they finally have the chance to take up the duties of the true world. Many students decide to study at a community school so as to finish the initial two decades of prerequisite courses. It's extremely standard for American students to switch majors sooner or later in their undergraduate studies. Innovation is remarkable as it occurs which is why it is known as innovation. It cannot be a goal because I believe it is a natural consequence of several circumstances. It cannot be a standard.
Thus, you've to finish your reading in reasonable way.
No matter your opinion if you believe innovation is falling with hardly any hope or you've got the optimistic mindset which the instant is now you're pushing for innovation. The American education system provides a rich area of options for global students. It's extremely flexible. Under-funded school systems have fewer resources, employees and programs to address problems or keep them from the very first place, states Public School Review. The notion of 4-day school weeks isn't new. The notion that technology can conserve education might have some truth in it, but it might be problematic to look after all our educational problems with technology. One of the absolute most dangerous ideas in society and education is the concept that there isn't any purpose or meaning to somebody's life or possibly to life generally. A huge portion of the problem is too little state and federal funding for education budgets.
But recall forgiveness is for you.
The issue with technology glitches can be seen with internet textbooks. Although all the problems that were addressed so far are significant, it is vital for thinkers to examine and provide commentary on larger social education troubles. Other access issues to internet materials can delay pupils and set them behind in class. The exact same issue is true with recent adjustments to the GED. At the conclusion of pupils also there's a big nevertheless superior change that has been invented in last few decades. Among the issues with the American education procedure is the fact that it has yet to create a consensus about the function of religion in the classroom. It's clear there are severe issues with the contemporary American educational program.


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Importing jpeg200 files as elevation data
Kate Bole Global Mapper UserPosts: 1
edited June 2012 in Elevation Data
I have several large elevation data files I have saved in the jpeg2000 (jp2) format. Previously I have dragged and dropped them into Global Mapper and it asked me whether they were elevation or imagery. I just updated to Global Mapper 13.2 and it loads them automatically as imagery. Is there a way to import them as elevation data? They are too large to be saved as a geotiff...
global_mapper Administrator Posts: 17,238We did make some changes to JP2 format support in v13.2 that appear to have broken the terrain file support. I have those fixed now I think, although I only have 32-bit JP2 terrain files to test with so the fix isn't tested yet for 16-bit JP2 files. I have placed a new build at http://www.globalmapper.com/global_mapper13.zip with the latest changes for you to try. Simply download that file and extract the contents into your existing v13.xx installation folder to give it a try. If you are using the 64-bit v13 version there is a new build at http://www.globalmapper.com/global_mapper13_64bit.zip .
Let me know if I can be of further assistance.
Global Mapper Guru


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COLCHESTER, Vt. - The Saint Michael's College women's tennis team yielded a total of 18 games during a 9-0 victory over Saint Anselm College on Tuesday in the Tarrant Recreation Center. The Purple Knights opened a three-match homestand by improving to 5-5 overall and 3-1 in the Northeast-10 Conference, while the Hawks are 0-6 and 0-6.
Junior Kayla Dowd (Longmeadow, Mass./Longmeadow) and first-year Nicole Kellogg (Burnt Hills, N.Y./Burnt Hills-Ballston Lake) won the most handily during doubles, 8-1 at No. 3, while junior captains Caroline Martin (Scituate, Mass./Scituate) and Caroline Toutoungi (Weston, Conn./Weston) earned an 8-2 triumph in the top spot. Sophomores Erica Bundrick (Mattituck, N.Y./Mattituck) and Alexandra Sulkin (Ipswich, Mass./Ipswich) claimed an 8-5 win at No. 2. Bundrick and Kellogg were both named to the NE-10 Weekly Honor Roll earlier in the day on Tuesday.
In singles action, Kellogg blanked her opponent in the second spot, junior Hannah Benoit (Mystic, Conn./Saint Bernard School) won an 8-0 pro-set at No. 5, Bundrick was victorious 6-0, 6-1 at No. 1, and Sulkin notched an 8-1 win at No. 6. Martin yielded two games in the fourth spot, while Toutoungi fought for a 7-6 (7-1) opening-set win at No. 3 before shutting out her foe during the second set.
The Purple Knights host regionally-ranked Merrimack College on Thursday at 3 p.m. The Warriors are ranked seventh in the Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) East Region poll.


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