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Review: 60223 Harvester TransportPosted by CapnRex101,
Farming equipment has appeared in few LEGO City sets, especially during recent years. In fact, almost a decade has passed since the previous dedicated subtheme was released in 2009. The new 60223 Harvester Transport has therefore inspired considerable excitement based upon the inclusion of a combine harvester.
This model is considerably smaller than 7636 Combine Harvester but appears fairly realistic, featuring a horizontal rotary harvesting unit along with an unloading auger. In addition, the set contains a wonderful scarecrow with a printed head which looks great in official images.
Two minifigures are included, one of whom appears to be a farmer while the other drives the truck. The farmer sports green dungarees with a plaid shirt which feels appropriate for the character and I like the matching red cap. His head is decorated with a dark bluish grey beard, bushy eyebrows and a friendly smile.
The second figure is casually dressed, wearing a dark red jacket and dark tan trousers. This torso was introduced in 60202 People Pack - Outdoor Adventures last year and is only otherwise found in 10264 Corner Garage so I am pleased to see it here. The metallic silver sunglasses look marvellous too and this minifigure comes with a red mug.
Scarecrows are a characteristic feature of arable farms and this rendition looks magnificent, consisting primarily of 1x1 round bricks which form the simple support structure. I like the contrasting red, reddish brown and yellow colour scheme as well as the scarf worn around the scarecrow's neck. However, the most interesting aspect of this figure is its printed head. This is decorated with a stitched smile beside two buttons that represent eyes and a pitchfork accessory completes the scarecrow nicely.
The Completed Model
Combine harvesters are often transported on articulated lorries and this model appears fairly realistic, carrying the harvester and its rotary blade attachment separately. I like the contrasting blue and green colour schemes for each vehicle and their relative scaling is similarly appropriate. The truck measures 31cm in length when its trailer is attached so is substantial, although it does not look out of proportion when placed alongside other City vehicles.
This articulated lorry is similar to past models, consisting of a cab-over tractor unit and a flatbed trailer. However, it makes clever use of some 2x3 pentagonal tiles and 1x2 angled bows at the front as these form a distinctive profile which looks brilliant. I like the inset number plate and the headlights are quite attractive but some texture on the black radiator grille would have been welcome.
Removing the roof reveals space for one minifigure inside the cab, although it could provide seating for two with some minor modification. The doors open on either side and I like the large door mirrors which hang beside the windscreen. Moreover, additional minifigures can grip the light bluish grey bars outside the truck which is useful for display.
The back of the cab looks extremely bland. I like the twin smokestacks and the rear number plate is a nice detail but the fuel tanks could have been improved. In addition, the rear wheels are not protected by mudguards which is disappointing as the new wheel arch piece that was designed for 75894 1967 Mini Cooper S Rally and 2018 MINI John Cooper Works Buggy would have been perfect here.
Fortunately, the trailer hitch provides a secure connection and I think it looks good when attached. The harvester leans forward on the trailer and slots into a couple of click hinges so it feels secure during transit. Meanwhile, the rotary harvesting equipment is kept on a separate clip which compares favourably with real vehicles, even though the harvester looks rather odd without an attachment.
Two ramps lower from the trailer and their gradient is relatively shallow for a LEGO truck. Driving the harvester down these ramps is accordingly easy, although they seem rather narrow for such large tyres. The red and white hazard stripes look superb and I like the four-wheeled design. However, the rectilinear shaping of the trailer around its wheels leaves something to be desired in my opinion.
The most eagerly-anticipated aspect of this set is undoubtedly the harvester and this vehicle does not disappoint. It measures 17cm in length and features a green and white colour scheme which corresponds with the earlier Farm sets. The yellow highlights are presumably intended to John Deere machinery but do not overwhelm the primary colours and I like the contrasting grey elements as well.
Combine harvesters traditionally include an enormous rotary thresher but this model is equipped with a horizontal harvesting unit, like that shown on the John Deere website. Four saw blades are fitted using Technic pins and these rotate as the harvester moves, catching on the surface underneath the blades. This function is not advertised on the packaging and does not always work consistently but watching the saw blades spinning is satisfying.
Stickers are placed at either end of the harvesting unit, featuring corn symbols and yellow stripes. This whole structure can be raised on a hinge while not in use which is a realistic feature. There is space to seat a minifigure inside the cab and they are easily accessible by removing both the roof and the trans-light blue windscreen, as demonstrated below.
The driver climbs some steps to reach the cab. Several of these steps seem too large for a minifigure but I appreciate their inclusion and the enormous wheels look marvellous. Moreover, black 1x2 bricks with a grille pattern form radiators around the engine and two 1x2 grille tiles appear on top, providing plenty of ventilation. Ideally, this section would be removable to access an engine inside but no such details are included.
An articulated unloading auger is mounted on top of the harvester. This can rotate all the way around and folds down neatly for transport. I like the black macaroni component which forms a nozzle and stickers decorate either side of the arm. However, I found the stickers in my set had not been cut properly, leaving flashing around the edges. Hopefully this is an isolated incident as other 2019 City sets which I have assembled do not suffer from the same problem.
Four more stickers and some tail lights complete this model. I think the harvester looks great from every angle, although the blocky section between the rear wheels is somewhat unattractive. I love the bright hazard stripes though and presume the initials of 'PN' and 'MM' on each number plate refer to the designers of this set.
60223 Harvester Transport is an excellent set. The brand new harvester is definitely its most interesting feature and this vehicle has exceeded my expectations, including a brilliant colour scheme and numerous authentic details. The rotating saw blades look fantastic and I appreciate this function, whether or not it was intended by the designer!
The minifigures are similarly impressive and I quite like the articulated lorry, although it will feel familiar to seasoned LEGO City collectors. Personally, I would have preferred a separate tractor to catch grain from the unloading auger but this simple truck is probably more appropriate for a set that costs £24.99 or $29.99. That price seems reasonable so I would recommend this set to anybody who likes farming equipment or is searching for something unusual to expand their city display.
I hope you have found this review informative. Let us know by liking this article and share your thoughts on the set in the comments below.
27 comments on this article
Best set of the wave imo.
Yeah, nice set! It looks good, The truck trailer looks a bit too smal for the harvester, but overall it is a must have for me! :-D
I quite like this aswell lego..
That truck looks like it has a mustache.
Yup, loving this. Not a fan of the scarecrow though (except for the printed head), would have been great if that had been a minifig too, but you can't have everything.
With all the experiments on scarecrows and snowmen, it might be time for Lego to come up with a dedicated 'arms wide' piece.
Really nice set. Makes me nostalgic for the short lived Farm city subtheme.
They really could of done more with that ....
On my wishlist! I see Pierre Normandin (the designer of the truck) has now been awarded his own truck-brand, according to the logo on the truck.
This is a very nice looking City set. Might consider purchasing, though I have moved away from City somewhat over the past few years. May reconsider that decision, though.
This type of Forage Harvester would be used to cut corn or grass for feed fodder for cattle, as opposed to a combine harvester which cuts wheat for grain. Is there going to be a new cattle farm, producing milk for the city, maybe for all the milkshakes in the Diner?
I have been waiting for this review. A very nice City set.
I like the scarecrow. It's nice to have a regular one besides the DC villain scarecrow head. Of course there was the one in the CMS but I missed that.
Just bought this set today at the LEGO stores to help get to the 50 USD needed to get the 100th LEGO store commemorative figure. Cannot wait to open it
It is definitely a Forage Harvester rather than a Combine Harvester. Still a great set though. Glad to see the blades rotate when moved forwards - was worried this play feature was missing.
With the cutting head being easily removable it will encourage the MOC construction of a variety of different types of cutting heads for different crops.
Now THIS is a proper Lego set. This is brilliant in almost every way. And at a fair price as well. Factor in the obvious discounts that will be available and this is a sure winner.
Forget all the overpriced licensed nonsense like superheros et al and get back to the roots (quite literally in this case). Recipe for success.
*puts hamburger in pocket*
Thanks for the review. I had this set on my wishlist, and based on the review, it will stay there...
The farmer minifig looks identical to the one included with 7684 and 7634 (minus the stubble).
@ AustinPowers - now while Im still 100 % with you in - that LEGO should really strictly get to its roots (CITY, Kingdom, Space.. Technic.. maybeeee Friends aka Girls stuff.).. i somewhat believe that these licensed themes (Star Wars, DC + Marvel Heroes) make up to 40-50% of their worldwide revenues.. that is insane! .. nobody in his right mind (in LEGO) would vote for shutting it down which would result in a even massive layoff than 10 months ago..
PN is probably Pierre Normandin, truck designer extraordinaire and fellow Québécois! I would have loved to see an North American tractor truck for this, though.
Nice to see a small nod to the Farm theme and the Harvester looks great with lots of thoughtful little details.
Personally, I think the Harvester could easily have been a cheaper standalone set with a few more mini-builds alluding to the farm. Every year there seem to be quite a few articulated lorries for transporting various other vehicles, planes, etc. included in those sets. (I'm thinking back even to the Wind Turbine Transport 7747 from 2009 in which -for me at least- the lorry was totally superfluous). Maybe the kids get more play value out of them. Of course, without the lorry, I suppose Lego might have a hard time classifying this as a City set....!
Still hoping for a much larger, new and improved combine harvester! This will do until then. Thank you for the review.
This would have been in my to buy list had it fitted in my City farm.
The way the blades can be stowed on the trailer during transit is an impressive detail. This set should appeal to fans of Lego with a farm-themed display, or for fans who want some more interesting traffic for their city, or maybe fans who are making a MOC themed around that one scene from GTA: San Andreas.
Now that I own the set I will amend my earlier comments, and say that the scarecrow is actually a bit more impressive in real life.
Very pleased with my purchase.
This looks a pretty good set for the City vehicles series, it seems to me a Claas Jaguar forage harvester rather than a John Deere one, although the green colour and stickers are from the last one. You can just change the green pieces into lime green and red wheels, and if you don't use the sticketrs it's a Claas; or change the white pieces with green ones and yellow wheels, ant it's a John Deere. Many possibilities for MOCers here, also to design several new front tools.
The blue articulated truck seems a bit simple, perhaps they've been cutting down in piece count to keep the price tag low, but it would have been appreciated to find more details. It can also be used to transport an excavator, perhaps like the one in set 4203 (by the way, the colours of that truck are similar to John Deere).
For some reason this truck really reminds me of the old trucks from the 80's. Love it.
As a former farm kid and sort-of farmer now, seeing detailed sets of forage choppers, combines, tractors, etc. makes me kind of jealous that there were never such sets when I was a kid. I always had to get by with pretending the 3x4 slope pieces with triangles (3297px1) from my Freestyle set were the snoots of a corn head.

subset: commoncrawl


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After the race we hung out and even made dinner and then had a night out in Chicago. The last birthday I celebrated in Chicago with these girls was my 21st. I sure don't feel 21 anymore! We even ran into some old Purdue Family. Eggs and Henn... I just realized that we call them Eggs and Henn..... haha.
Yes, I am now 26 years young and I am fully prepared to be the oldest of all my friends. Four more years until 30....... ugh.
We just got back from a family vacation at Loon Lake. Ben and I actually rented a nice cottage this summer and it was the best idea ever. Everyone had enough space to sleep and lounge and the dogs and kids had direct lake access. It was perfect. After one day all the kids were sleeping like babies!
|Our lake view and pier.
Of course there were so many pictures and fun times I had to make a movie- plus this gave me a reason to use the new programs from the school computers. Check it out!


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Metal has become largely popular choice of roofing material over the past decade. Nonetheless, you may often wonder why metal roofing has become largely popular with the people. Why should you choose metal roofing when constructing a new home? Why should you consider metal roofing for replacing the old roof? Let us go through some of the benefits offered by metal roofing that make it the foremost choice for all kinds of roofing installation or repair needs.
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- Ask around. Talk to your neighbors or friends to find roofing contractors in your area.
You roof has been deemed an important aspect of your home appearance. It would provide your home with durability and safety along with providing the ability to withstand different kinds of harsh weather conditions. The harsh weather such as heavy rain, string wind and extreme cold & hot climatic conditions could hamper your roof. In the present times, people have been searching for methods for home improvement that may not be adverse to the present environmental conditions.
You may often wonder on the need for Roof Restoration services. It would be pertinent to mention here that your roof would be open to natural elements. As a result, the changing weather would hamper your roof largely. It would have a huge toll on the roof, resulting in damaging and need for repair. You should not be complacent with the need for roof repair. It should be handled at the earliest,
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Oxford United: Bristol City's Matty Taylor and Derby's George Thorne join on loan
- From the section Oxford Utd
Oxford United have re-signed Bristol City striker Matty Taylor on loan for the rest of the season.
As well as signing Taylor, 29, who began his career with the U's, Oxford have also brought in Derby midfielder George Thorne on loan until January.
Ex-England youth international Thorne, 26, has been with the Rams since 2014.
"A goalscorer was our top priority," said boss Karl Robinson. "Matty has an unbelievable record at this level. And George is a fantastic passer."
Taylor was in the youth and academy sides at Oxford, making seven senior appearances before moving into non-league football with Didcot Town and North Leigh.
After three seasons with Forest Green Rovers, he scored six times in seven games on loan at Chester to earn a move to Bristol Rovers.
He scored 67 goals for Rovers in 132 appearances, helping the Pirates regain their Football League status, then a second promotion in as many seasons to League One.
He also scored a hat-trick in a 3-3 draw at MK Dons, capped by two goals in the final three minutes, in what proved to be Robinson's penultimate game in charge in Milton Keynes, before making the controversial move from Rovers to City on transfer deadline day in January 2017.
"I grew up watching Oxford and loved being part of the club before," said Taylor. "I still have family in Oxfordshire and so many friends here. It was unbelievable to walk back in and see so many familiar faces."
Injury-plagued Thorne, who played in the same England youth side as Oxford midfielder Rob Hall, started his career at West Bromwich Albion and has also had loan spells with Portsmouth, Watford and last season at Luton Town.
"He has had terrible luck with injuries," said Robinson. "He would have played a lot more games at a much higher level otherwise. Even so, he has played over 100 games in the Premier League or Championship.
"He knows he has a point to prove but we know we are getting a very good footballer and hopefully the move works out perfectly for all of us."
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


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Integrating indigenous livelihood and lifestyle objectives in managing a natural resource
Edited by Edward L. Miles, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, and approved January 16, 2013 (received for review October 17, 2012)
Evaluating the success of natural resource management approaches requires methods to measure performance against biological, economic, social, and governance objectives. In fisheries, most research has focused on industrial sectors, with the contributions to global resource use by small-scale and indigenous hunters and fishers undervalued. Globally, the small-scale fisheries sector alone employs some 38 million people who share common challenges in balancing livelihood and lifestyle choices. We used as a case study a fishery with both traditional indigenous and commercial sectors to develop a framework to bridge the gap between quantitative bio-economic models and more qualitative social analyses. For many indigenous communities, communalism rather than capitalism underlies fishers' perspectives and aspirations, and we find there are complicated and often unanticipated trade-offs between economic and social objectives. Our results highlight that market-based management options might score highly in a capitalistic society, but have negative repercussions on community coherence and equity in societies with a strong communal ethic. There are complex trade-offs between economic indicators, such as profit, and social indicators, such as lifestyle preferences. Our approach makes explicit the "triple bottom line" sustainability objectives involving trade-offs between economic, social, and biological performance, and is thus directly applicable to most natural resource management decision-making situations.
Managing natural resources, whether aquatic or terrestrial, involves striking a balance between conservation needs and economic development, but less attention has focused on accounting for societal and cultural backgrounds (1⇓–3), and even less where resource use is a key part of tradition and custom of indigenous communities. For these societies, cultural and lifestyle considerations may be as important as economic status and need to be accounted for in the decision-making process. Most natural resource management policies have focused on biological sustainability objectives (4). Increasingly, fishery harvest policies are turning to the maximum economic yield as the target harvest rate (5), additionally because it is achieved at a more conservative catch level than the biologically determined maximum sustainable yield level. However, social contracts between society and businesses increasingly require a scientific approach that is capable of optimizing resource extraction and livelihoods, yet demonstrates best practice in managing impacts on biodiversity and maintaining traditional lifestyle aspirations. Social objectives—the missing third pillar in the triple bottom line supporting effective management—are rarely explicitly included in the definition of fishery targets because of the mismatch between quantitative metrics and more qualitative social information (see ref. 6 as an example of one of the rare cases).
In our study, we developed an approach to capture both market-based economic and social objectives in a fishery characterized by a substantial traditional and cultural component as well as a commercially oriented sector. The Torres Strait tropical rock lobster (Panulirus ornatus) fishery provides an ideal case study because it is the region's economically most important fishery, includes multiple stakeholders, and social objectives are stated explicitly as part of a treaty between Australia and Papua New Guinea (which is a treaty between Australia and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea concerning sovereignty and maritime boundaries in the area between the two countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and related matters): "… acknowledg[ing] and protect[ing] the traditional way of life and livelihood of the traditional inhabitants including their traditional fishing and free movement" (7). A total allowable catch of lobster is allocated between the two countries under the Treaty. Unlike many fisheries based on shared stocks, the resource is currently assessed to be above the maximum sustainable yield level (8). The fishery is complex in terms of international boundaries (the overall share of the fishery between Australia and Papua New Guinea is 67:33), multiple jurisdictions within Australia (the Torres Strait fishery and Queensland East Coast fishery, although the same stock, are managed, respectively, by federal and state agencies), and management objectives regulating a mix of indigenous and commercial fishers (Fig. 1 and Fig. S1). The Australian component of the fishery is exploited by both indigenous Islanders, for whom it has cultural significance, and commercial fishers, most of whom are non-Islanders. Within the Islander fleet there is also considerable heterogeneity, with a small number of fishers operating on a purely commercial basis but taking a high proportion of the catch, a large number operating for subsistence or traditional reasons taking a small proportion of the catch, and the balance taken by a group operating on essentially an income-supplementing basis.
The Torres Strait lobster fishery has historically been managed based on limiting nonindigenous access, closed seasons, and gear and effort restrictions (input controls). Policy initiatives are now being set in place to transition the fishery to one controlling the amount of catch in the fishery (output control). The exact nature of the harvestable output right is still to be determined for the traditional inhabitants, as well as the institutional arrangements for allocations of right to harvest a part of the resource. This study aimed to holistically explore the consequences of alternative quota management systems and allocation options, as well as the sensitivity of outcomes to external drivers (Table S1).
These three key dimensions are common to many other fisheries. We therefore sought to address first the planned transition of the fishery from the current input-based system to one involving output controls in the form of an overall quota across all sectors. Allocation of a share of this quota among different sectors and individuals constitutes the second dimension. The Islander share of total catch has increased substantially since 2005 through a targeted buy-back of around half the commercial fleet, resulting in an equivalent "nominal" quota allocation of 53:47 between Islander and commercial fishers in 2011, which is in line with a further key objective to promote indigenous fisher participation to meet their aspirations of achieving a greater control of the region's fisheries resources (9). A third dimension pertains to the role of external drivers: a program that funds part-time community work by Islanders emerged as a key driver.
Results and Discussion
The approach we adopted is based on the management strategy evaluation (MSE) framework, which involves simulation testing of the implications—for both the resource and its stakeholders—of alternative combinations of monitoring data, analytical procedures, and decision rules, which are increasingly used for evaluating the trade-offs between multiple objectives (10⇓–12). We developed a framework (Fig. 2 and Table S2) that substantially expands on previous MSE approaches and introduces new linkages to holistically compare social, economic, and biological trade-offs anticipated under a range of proposed alternative management strategies and scenarios, as well as the sensitivity to related external factors (Fig. 3) (see SI Methods for a full description). We focused predominantly on evaluating trade-offs between alternative strategies comprising various derivatives of the introduction of an output control system in the form of individual transferable quota (ITQ) per Islander fishing license, a community-based system or an Olympic-type competitive system for the whole sector or part-thereof (Fig. S2 and Table S1). In an Olympic system a global total quota is set at the beginning of the season for this sector and the fishing season is open until the sector catch equals the quota. Hybrid versions imply future operational management systems that include some form of ITQ system for a subset of the Islander licenses (the commercial operators) and an Olympic-type system for the rest of the Islander sector to account for heterogeneity within the indigenous sector. Such hybrid systems have been implemented elsewhere in commercial fisheries, for example in the Norwegian cod fishery (13). Indigenous fisheries are usually managed separately using a different management approach from that applied to the nonindigenous fisheries (for example, the Maori in New Zealand and Mi'kmaq in Canada). However, within the indigenous sectors, a single management system is generally used rather than a hybrid approach, such as that considered here.
Our results highlight significant conflicts and trade-offs in traditional communities, such as the Torres Strait Islander fishers, where value was found to also depend on principles of equity, community coherence, resemblance to sea country and Island custom (Fig. 3). ["Sea country" is an Australian Indigenous term that relates to the authority held and responsibilities of particular groups of traditional owners to particular areas of sea, and is based on the cultural relationships with these areas (12)]. The right of everyone to enter the fishery commercially, recreationally, or for cultural reasons (a key social objective) was perceived to be best achieved by a competitive quota system. This system was also perceived to be least different from the current approach and thus most easily implemented. Community quotas were perceived to confer positive sociopolitical outcomes, but these preferences are correlated to coherent island communities and strong community leadership (14, 15). A hybrid system was perceived to have a reasonable economic outcome, but had significant negative cultural implications and reduced overall employment levels (Fig. 4). The policy of creating a hybrid management plan of ITQs for a subsector of a fishery combined with an Olympic-type management strategy for another part may have unintended consequences (SI Methods). There is no silver bullet or clear win-win solution, highlighting the utility of using MSE to make explicit the various trade-offs between objectives.
Meeting the social objective of increasing Islander participation and ownership in the fishery, for example by increasing this sector's share to 70%, has a large associated economic cost of approximately a 35% decrease in overall profits irrespective of the management system (Fig. 4). A clear trade-off is evident with total employment (another key social objective), which conversely increases with an increasing Islander share in the fishery, with the magnitude of the predicted changes highly dependent on decisions as to whether or not to retain the part-time community work scheme (Fig. 4). The presence (or potential absence) of the latter program is fundamental in terms of influencing the incentive to fish or not fish in this fishery and the maintenance of this program is independent of the fishery management authorities. Conventional management approaches ignore such externalities, but their impacts can dominate small-scale fisheries (3).
The heterogeneity of the Islander sector potentially increases the complexity of managing this fishery via output controls. A large proportion of Islander fishers currently fish part-time. Future increases in Islander fishing effort would positively affect economic and social outcomes of this group. However, the drivers to go full-time fishing for this group are unlikely to be impacted by the management system but rather by external factors, such as greater social capital and additional infrastructure in Island communities. Moreover, income- as well as nonincome-related factors may drive resistance to change (16, 17). Our findings were also underpinned by studies (15, 18, 19) that consider social capital a prerequisite for collective action and for social learning by quantifying the impact of the provision of logistics and infrastructure, enabling the development of social capital (such as having key fishers and leaders in the island community) and building capacity (such as improving business knowledge).
There is an existing and still developing literature in which the social consequences of fisheries policies and management systems are evaluated (e.g., ref. 20). Social objectives are rarely explicitly included in natural resource management because of their largely qualitative nature, but it is increasingly recognized worldwide that businesses require a social license to operate. Society needs more holistic science approaches to support complex decision making not only in fisheries but also in conservation and multiple use contexts globally (Fig. 5). The holistic MSE framework we developed enables management authorities to understand not only the biophysical reality of a resource (21⇓⇓–24) but to also understand behavioral drivers and sociocultural outcomes in the human domain, and to thus meet triple-bottom line objectives for resource allocation and management, in the context of the overlying institutional setting (Fig. 5).
Although successful, our approach is highly data-intensive and requires sophisticated modeling capability such that high-end applications (such as our development of a single analytical framework) are unlikely to be broadly accessible, particularly for small-scale fisheries globally. At the same time, considerable effort is already devoted to biological and economic analyses for many natural resources, and our approach reinforces the principle of a more balanced approach capable of rigorously incorporating social considerations in the decision-making process. This approach provides a solid science foundation (the base of the pyramid in Fig. 5) for natural resource decision making, which is important globally; for example, small-scale fisheries alone directly support the livelihoods of some 78 million people in developing countries (25) (Fig. 5).
Acknowledging the considerable challenges in assessing triple-bottom line objectives, it is instructive to reflect on whether there are key social indicators that need to be considered as a first step in moving toward a triple-bottom line approach. Our study underscores the case-specific nature of appropriate social indicators, in part also because of the different drivers and desires of the indigenous and commercial sectors, and hence the challenges in standardizing the choice of social indicators in an analogous manner to that used for biological and economic indicators. The most commonly adopted approach to date has been to use employment as a proxy for social performance. Nonetheless, two key social indicators emerged unprompted in our study, namely equity and a sense of self-determination, and we propose that these are key universally, rather than solely applicable to indigenous communities. Both of these indicators correlate strongly with the level of buy-in to a management approach, the lack of which is one of the fundamental causes of failure of management systems globally (e.g., ref. 26). Equity is a complex social objective that could be interpreted in isolation as maximizing participation in a fishery, but when used as part of a MSE approach that makes explicit the trade-offs between different objectives, it will likely encompass the notion of the relative viability and profitability of different allocation models, as well as broader considerations, such as the basis for preferentially awarding access rights to some individuals (see also ref. 27). The importance of a sense of self-determination or ownership in facilitating compliance and buy-in is widely recognized, as evident from the increasing move toward comanagement and similar approaches that aim to involve a broad suite of stakeholders in the decision-making process (28, 29). Interestingly, both these indicators are not easily quantifiable, nor are they necessarily linked dynamically to other modeled system components, but this does not diminish their importance or the central role they should play in natural resource decision making.
Social conscience accounting increasingly demands that businesses demonstrate best environmental practice principles, and communities worldwide face challenges in balancing poverty alleviation and resource utilization. To make science relevant in an increasingly complex landscape, it is vital that scientists engage with stakeholders in a two-way feedback process (SI Methods). Stakeholder stewardship and good governance facilitate sustainability of a resource and an incorporation of the economic and sociocultural objectives of the people that depend on them within the overall political economy of natural resource management.
Management of natural resources is a critical issue worldwide and this article outlines the need for a more holistic science approach, integrating biology, economics, and social science to support sustainable management that has the buy-in of communities and stakeholders because it accounts for economic needs and sociocultural rights and values. The formal analytical framework we developed permits laying out of alternatives for a resource management situation involving very heterogeneous resource users, including indigenous groups. These trade-offs are used by decision makers to ensure decisions made are both transparent and based on a balanced view of biological, economic, and social performance (Fig. 5). More broadly, our approach provides an example of a method for extending the use of MSE in natural resource management, by integrating all available social, cultural, biological, and economic information and data in an objective and transparent manner.
We developed a MSE (10) framework (Figs. 1 and 2, and Table S2) that substantially expands on previous MSE approaches, both in terms of the structure of each component and the range of components that are linked: a spatial biological model encompassing multijurisdictional stocks, a bio-economic model and supply chain, a semiquantitative Bayesian Network (BN), and qualitative social information. Full details of the methods are provided in SI Methods. At its core is a spatial and age-structured bio-economic model of connected lobster subpopulations in each of 16 model spatial areas (Fig. S1). The biological model is based on the Torres Strait lobster statistical catch-at-age stock assessment model (8), but has been extended to be spatial (16 areas), includes the East Coast stock, has a monthly time step, models ages up until 3 y in the Torres Strait [when they migrate out the area (30)], but includes a 7-y plus group for East Coast lobsters. Recruitment is shared between spatial areas, with the base case assuming no shared recruitment with the Torres Strait stock consistent with the stock assessment approaches. Into this framework we added economic models describing production functions (to estimate economic performance), the supply chain (to estimate value added), and prediction of commercial fishing fleet changes.
Our method expands considerably on existing bio-economic model frameworks because in addition to defining and computing profit per sector/subfleet that include the basic elements of revenue streams and cost structures, we coupled in our framework a production function and frontier analysis (31), a data envelopment analysis (32) [to estimate which nonindigenous (transferable vessel holder) vessels might exit the fishery with lower quota levels], and included estimates of owner-operator returns to labor for the Islander traditional boat-holder license operators and evaluated the flow-on effects by including aspects of the supply chain (32). The integration of the supply chain with a bio-economic model to predict an additional performance indicator (value added) to the fleet profit is an important and unique step in development of methodology in this area of research, and also consideration of economic benefits beyond the direct benefits to the fishery (Fig. 3). [Value-added, as well as price-received by fishers, is affected by a range of factors beyond the control of fisheries managers (for example, exchange rates and transport costs). As with all models, these uncontrollable factors are assumed constant to assess the impact of management alternatives. Ongoing monitoring of these factors is important to ensure appropriate values are included in subsequent model use.]
One of the biggest challenges in attempting to simulate the outcomes of different management systems was the need to quantify how participation by each fisher subgroup would change. The Islander fleet was partitioned into three subfleets based on a typology of activity: a full time (commercial) subfleet, an active part-time (income supplementing) subfleet, and a casual (traditional or subsistence) subfleet. To estimate participation rate changes in the different components of the indigenous sector, which depends on social as well as economic drivers, a BN analysis was used to examine the effects of alternative licensing arrangements (as well as technical and economic factors) and facilitate prediction of the changes in participation under alternative scenarios (14).
Through estimation of fisher participation in each of the three indigenous subfleets using the BN, a social model was also added to the framework, thus allowing for a dynamic feedback between social indices and the system dynamics. However, because the tropical rock lobster is a relatively short-lived recruit-driven species and the catch is capped each year, in this particular fishery there was no imperative to estimate long-term future participation beyond the timeframe of the biological cycle. However, long-term feedback could be modeled should this approach be implemented for a fishery with a longer-lived species.
Integrating the social dimension in our analysis was only possible because of the extensive stakeholder consultation. Using structured approaches we were able to convert, to the extent possible, social information into quantitative metrics that could serve as inputs to a quantitative bio-economic model using a BN approach. Moreover, we recognized the value of qualitative social information and incorporated this in our modeling framework by using a common currency (i.e., qualitative indicators that show whether the effect being tested is positive, negative, or neutral) to present our results and highlight biological, economic, and sociocultural trade-offs associated with different scenarios.
With respect to the social indicators, using the BN approach the increase or decrease in two dynamic continuous social indices, linked to the biological and economic model, could be measured (Fig. 3 and Table S4). We were also able to measure the positive or negative impact on two second-order discrete indices based on BN-calculated size and redistribution of fisher numbers between the three fisher subfleets. Furthermore, five nondynamic discrete indices were based directly on the indigenous fisher consultation process where the positive or negative social implications of the type of management system and relative indigenous allocation emerged.
We therefore used a traffic-light approach (33) to make explicit our findings (Fig. 3). The traffic-light scores in Fig. 3 are assigned based on comparison with the base-case input control strategy, but comparisons are also made between the relative performance of the alternative output-control strategies. Actual quantitative estimates (presented as the median and 90% confidence interval) or justification for qualitative scores are given in SI Methods. Our study is unique in fully integrating sociocultural, biological, and economic factors in an MSE applied to a marine fishery.
We thank Annabel Jones from the Australian Fisheries Management Authority for providing invaluable support and assistance on all aspects of the project, and sharing valuable insights; the Torres Strait Regional Authority (N. Nakata in particular), community leaders, and fishery stakeholders for hosting our visits to the Torres Straits; The Steering Committee (A. Jones, N. Nakata, C. Dichmont, R. Pitcher, S. Sen, N. Bentley, S. Slade, G. Hirakawa, K. Bedford) and the Torres Strait Rock Lobster Resource Assessment Group (chaired by John Pollock) for providing valuable insights and guidance throughout the project; Annie Lalancette for her numerous contributions; Peter Bayliss for assisting with the methodology for Bayesian Belief networks; and A. Richardson, A. D. T. Smith, C. Dichmont, D. Smith, and two anonymous reviewers for reviews of earlier drafts. Our study is underpinned by 23 years of survey data and we thank the dedicated Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation divers. This work was funded by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, and the Australian Fisheries Management Authority.
- ↵1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Eva.Plaganyi-Lloyd{at}csiro.au.
Author contributions: É.E.P., I.v.P., T.H., and D.D. designed research; É.E.P., I.v.P., T.H., and D.D. performed research; É.E.P., I.v.P., T.H., R.A.D., and S.P. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; É.E.P., I.v.P., T.H., R.A.D., D.D., S.P., T.S., and R.A.C. analyzed data; and É.E.P., I.v.P., T.H., and S.P. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1217822110/-/DCSupplemental.
Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.
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Is there a way to suggest an article or write one yourself?
Or do we just have to wait and pray that the presses will roll someday and we can read some information off bootyland
Its suppisedly shocking how low that newspaper is given out.
Although I do see some person with the same paper everyday in the park... I wonder... when that person will finaly be done with it.
BootyLand Daily Citizen
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yes you can. go to the forum catogorys and go to game suggestions and post what you want there
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There are many things you can do to improve your teeth. The following articles has some helpful tips and techniques on dental care.
Sugar impacts the look of your teeth, and you ought to stick with water instead.
You need to allow your toothbrush to air dry after each use so bacteria doesn't form. Store it in an upright position with plenty of circulation.
Limit acidic and sugary foods.These types of foods can damage your teeth. If you eat these, drink water as well. You should also brush your teeth soon as you are done eating in order to limit the potential damage.
Bleeding gums might mean gum disease, which could become a major issue if left untreated. Gum disease makes you more vulnerable to tooth loss, bone loss, infections and diabetes.
Brush your teeth at least two times a day to minimize the risk of cavities.If brushing after a meal is impossible, then chew some sugar-free gum in order to assist in teeth cleaning and breath freshening.
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Brush two times a day instead of only once in order to improve your teeth.Brush in the morning to help remove any bacteria that accumulates overnight.
If your dentist tells you that your teeth require a deep cleaning, ask for a second opinion. This procedure is much more complex and expensive, so you need to make sure your dentist is not suggesting it for his own financial benefit.
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A Massachusetts city's ambulance service announced March 14 a data beach [1] incident affecting records of a number of ambulance patients.
Advanced Data Processing, Inc./Intermedix, which manages billing for the Gloucester (Mass.) Fire Department Ambulance Service, learned on October 1, 2012, that one of its employees improperly accessed and disclosed certain patient account information in connection with a scheme to file false federal tax returns. Accessed account information included name, date of birth, Social Security number and record identifier, but no medical information was accessed.
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A brief history of modern bingo as we know it today
Bingo, as we know it today, has its origins in a game of chance of the 1500s. Since then it has traversed a long path and went through many transformations to reach its popularity in modern times be it bingo halls all over the world or even online on top rated sites like Tambola.
Do you want to know how Bingo came to be the favorite game of millions of players around the world? Then read on!
A Lottery of the 16th Century
The Italian government is the inventor of the modern-day Bingo. The Italian national lottery or the "Lo Giuoco del Lotto D'Italia" of the 1530s played at state-run casinos provided the inspiration for the game. The Italian government used the lottery to raise money for public works and still earn handsomely even in the present day.
Players had to guess the numbers that would come up in the draw wheels. The draw wheels were named after Italian cities like Naples, Venice, Rome, and Milan.
Europe Picks Up the Trend
The French upper-class got introduced to the Italian lottery during the 1700s. People used to meet once a week to play with cards that had nine columns and three rows. The rows had five numbers and four blank squares and the person to finish a row would be the winner.
The game found its way into Britain, mostly through the Maltese, who passed it on to the British navy during the 1800s. The British military was really engrossed in the game and gave it the name "Housey - Housey."
Transformation in the USA
The United States had a major influence on the game and was responsible for giving the name "Bingo." The first game of "Beano" as it was known back then, was first played in America in 1929 at a fare in Atlanta, Georgia.
During the Great Depression, a toy salesman named Edwin Lowe saw the game being played at a fair and got interested. He worked extensively for commercializing the game and came up with the modern version of the game as we know it today.
Interestingly, he was also the first person to give the name "Bingo." Before that, the game was called "Beano" as people used beans to cover the numbers and shout out the same on completion of a row. Lowe heard someone shout "Bingo" instead of "Beano" in excitement, and decided to call his version "Bingo" from then onwards.
Today, more than $90 million is spent each week on Bingo in America by over 60 million players, including both men and women.
The Rise of Online Bingos
It wasn't surprising that Bingo would also become one of the most popular games on the internet. The first version went live in 1996 when the free game "Bingo Zone" was uploaded online. Since then, hundreds and thousands of online casinos and websites have come up and hosted their own version of the game.
So, get ready to try your luck in Bingo, one of the oldest and most popular games of chance!


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If you really want to meet someone who loves sailing because sailing is your passion, marriage not dating cast profile that person who also loves sailing is already hooked as soon as they read that sailing is your passion! There is a lot of bad spelling and grammar out there. This guy shares an enduring story of his first attempt at on-line love. Did I make them feel stupid with my lack of tactfulness?
Not sure how to write your online dating profile? He starts off his profile by being humorous and even a bit on the mysterious side. Another common pitfall is sarcasm in the profile. Leave out the negative and the snarky. Follow these crucial tips to make sure you are attracting the right people online!
Francesca is a professional dating coach and matchmaker. Get your online dating approach analyzed to find out! Dear eDating Doc, Thank god for your site.
What are you saying between the lines? What to talk about on the phone. Most women like the notion of being grabbed hard and kissed soft, site dating and this fellow looks like he can get the job done.
10 Top Online Dating Profile Examples & Why They re Successfull
When you are in love, are you your partner's biggest cheerleader? The French are known for being snooty, and yet this guy takes that into consideration and pokes fun at it. And some of those same people have spelling mistakes and bad grammar in their profiles! Avoided being bitten by vampires, but yes, they do have them there.
Again thank you for your advice. Either that or partying like a rock star. If they hate sailing, hate the water and hate sailors, they're already gone.
Girls fancy mystery as long as the truth gradually comes to light as the relationship progresses. Avoid listing your ideal partner's hobbies, height, body type, education and interests. Of course you need compelling photos, but those who are looking for a real relationship will look beyond a pretty face to find out what you are about. You are beautiful, kind, compassionate, intelligent, witty, wonderful, giving, generous, self-assured, modest, humble, outgoing, shy, etc. Can you give some tips or examples, how to have a good profile intro?
6 Tips For Writing The Perfect Online Dating Profile
Since we're talking about writing a profile, I have to mention spelling and grammar. We keep ourselves a mystery partly because women like that and partly because we are afraid we might say something about ourselves that will make a woman judge us and never even wish to meet us. If you care about learning new languages and taking trips to test your skills, say so! How will he or she recognize you as their perfect match?
Which site are these guys on? He brings to light his positive attributes and makes light of his quirky preferences. If you're at a loss, ask your friends for help describing you. If everyone Wang Chungs tonight, guy code dating friends what would tomorrow be like? One caveat to this though Dustin is that too many guys are complete pushover pleasers and are scared to mention even the main things they find most important for fear of running off a girl.
Top 10 Online Dating Profile Examples & Why They re Successful
- This guy likes to keep things short, and sweet yet what he writes about is compelling.
- The studio version sounds neutered.
- This guy does a great job at putting the girl at ease.
Seeing them, climbing them, smelling them. What happened to the Top Secret profiles? He is down-to-earth and romantic yet has a nerdy side.
You are trying to attract the right people to you, and to do that you need to be specific. Don't assume that the reader is going to know which of these you'd be into! Who you want to meet - the character, not the characteristics. He represents the kind of guy that will keep me in stitches and feeling good.
6 Tips For Writing The Perfect Online Dating Profile
Your focus instead should be on being contacted by those you do want to date! Most guys get terrible results online. If you can do that, you are winning! But more importantly, what are you passionate about? It might tell the story of an athletic, ambitious world traveler, or a geeky, sincere introvert.
Please be sure to say who you want to meet in your profile, without sounding overly specific as to their characteristics. Your profile tells a story. Best to keep things brief. If you win my sweepstakes, you will automatically win a chance to do these things with me as well. Besides - you can't avoid being contacted online by some people you don't want to date - that's par for the course.
How to meet women online
Tofino is magic, I first learned to surf there. Dustin and Mike are spot on. It is more effective to focus on attracting the right people than repelling the wrong ones.
Help us tell more of the stories that matter from voices that too often remain unheard. If you love your job, say so. Decide the story you want to tell. Look to your life for actual examples!
Its hard these days to see a man who listens, cares, and keep to promises. Your story is dictating who is attracted to you, so make sure you are grabbing the attention of the right people. It shouldn't be a novel consider this a bonus tip!
- Including your specific sense of humor is important.
- Do you care most about making music?
- Remember - you have already started your profile by saying who you are and what you're into - if someone is still reading, they're already intrigued by you and what you care about.


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14-09-2015 | Uitgave 2/2016
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The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is a widely-used, theoretically-driven, and psychometrically-sound self-report measure of emotion regulation difficulties. However, at 36-items, the DERS may be challenging to administer in some situations or settings (e.g., in the course of patient care or large-scale epidemiological studies). Consequently, there is a need for a briefer version of the DERS. The goal of the present studies was to develop and evaluate a 16-item version of the DERS – the DERS-16. The reliability and validity of the DERS-16 were examined in a clinical sample (N = 96) and two large community samples (Ns = 102 and 482). The validity of the DERS-16 was evaluated comparing the relative strength of the association of the two versions of the DERS with measures of emotion regulation and related constructs, psychopathology, and clinically-relevant behaviors theorized to stem from emotion regulation deficits. Results demonstrate that the DERS-16 has retained excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and good convergent and discriminant validity. Further, the DERS-16 showed minimal differences in its convergent and discriminant validity with relevant measures when compared to the original DERS. In conclusion, the DERS-16 offers a valid and brief method for the assessment of overall emotion regulation difficulties.
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- Titel
- Development and Validation of a Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: The DERS-16
- Auteurs:
Johan Bjureberg
Brjánn Ljótsson
Matthew T. Tull
Erik Hedman
Hanna Sahlin
Lars-Gunnar Lundh
Jonas Bjärehed
David DiLillo
Terri Messman-Moore
Clara Hellner Gumpert
Kim L. Gratz
- Publicatiedatum
- 14-09-2015
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9514-x
- Uitgeverij
- Springer US
- Tijdschrift
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
Uitgave 2/2016
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505


text:
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