text:
Searched for
Tax Deductions for Professional Athletes
What you can safely deduct on your taxes as a business expense, how you can substantiate and what are some specific tax deductions available to professional athletes.Read More
How to deal with IRS tax notices
IRS sends out many tax notices and most of these tax notices can be taken care of quickly and effortlessly.Read More
What to do if you haven't filed taxes in years [Guide]
Here's what to do if you haven't filed taxes in years. A step-by-step guide.Read More
How to file your Federal and State income taxes online for FREE
hizahid here… 👋 i crunch #⃣ write 👨💻 drink ☕
2015 in Political Cartoons
Tax Credits vs. Deductions for Education Expenses
Find out the difference between tax credits vs. deductions for education expenses.Read More
Make these 8 year-end tax moves before it's too late
Before you start holiday shopping, get your tax affairs in order. Make these 8 year-end tax moves before it's too late.Read More

subset: commoncrawl


text:
After "a near catastrophic failure" of the city's technological network and a nearly full software capacity that is bogging down and making errors in services, Vermilion finance director Amy Hendricks said it's time for the city to look into additional software purchases.
During an Aug. 5 City Council meeting, Hendricks said the Finance Department is looking into purchasing several storage devices and software services for a needed revamp in technology.
"We've had some situations where our storage capacity for our archive documents and our current ones are so full that it's causing processing problems with various software packages that are used in the district," she said.
One of the issues that has arisen due to current city technology is incorrect notices were sent out from the Utilities Department that their payments had not been posted when they had already been sent in.
The issue has occurred a few times in the past two to three months and many of those who received the notices used an automated payment program, Hendricks said.
"There was not adequate storage capacity to download an process that file that's supposed to be done automatically," she said, adding that the city does not receive notification when this occurs.
Software reaching capacity also has also progressing issues with financial transactions, where the computer screen would freeze mid-transaction, Hendricks said.
The city currently is looking into two external storage devices, listed between $20,000 to $30,000 each.
In the beginning of the year, Hendricks also purchased off-site backup through Software Solutions, a software consulting company, to help free up space on the city's current software.
"That's very important to be able to make sure not only that we don't lose any of our records that must be maintained -- email archives and things like that, but also to be able to have seamless processing for various features in the software that we use," Hendricks said.
The city almost permanently lost files through a network failure, but the files were restored in a couple of days, she said.
Fixing the failing network components would cost additional funds alongside the storage devices, Hendricks said.
"It just was a really good warning of how close we are to needing some additional refreshing of our infrastructure," she said.


text:
How to Grow Tomato Plants Dengarden
Hardening Off "Hardening off" tomato seedlings means gradually introducing them to the outdoors. This should happen over a 10-day period. Acclimating tomato seedlings to outdoor conditions is a bit like helping your child adjust to kindergarten – it takes plenty of patience and hand-holding.... How to grow Tomato Seedlings Here's how I grow tomato seedlings using Jiffy pellets and red party cups. Turn up your volume for the proper educational experience!
How to Grow Your Own Tomatoes Part 2 Transplanting
First, you need to get your seeds from a good source. I prefer online seed stores that accept PayPal, but this is just my personal preference. You can find tomato seeds in the garden center at places like Wal-Mart and Lowes. I buy mine from Tomatobob.com, who sells only heirloom seeds. Research the... Get the seeds. You can choose to buy the seeds in a garden center, or if you prefer you can extract some from the tomatoes you have at home. If you choose the second option, make sure it is a determinate tomato, i.e. which has limited growth, since you're planting it in a pot.
How to Grow Tomatoes Nurseries Online Australia
First, you need to get your seeds from a good source. I prefer online seed stores that accept PayPal, but this is just my personal preference. You can find tomato seeds in the garden center at places like Wal-Mart and Lowes. I buy mine from Tomatobob.com, who sells only heirloom seeds. Research the... THOSE parts of southern Australia still subject to occasional late frosts have become mass graveyards for tomato seedlings planted out far too early.
How to Propagate Tomato Plants from Cuttings Lovely Greens
What companion plants grow with tomatoes? Planting companion plants along with your tomatoes can increase their vigour, repel insects and control pests and diseases in the soil. Some good plants to choose include basil, borage, mint, parsley and garlic.... An easier way to grow tomato plants. Growing tomato plants from cuttings is easier than growing from seed. This guide shows how to propagate tomato plants from stem cuttings.
How To Raise Tomato Seedlings
Tomato (Cherry) Grow Guide GrowVeg.com
- How to Raise Tomato Seedlings YouTube
- How to Grow Tomatoes Nurseries Online Australia
- How to Take Care of Tomato Plants Gardenerdy
- Peter Cundall How to grow tomatoes The Weekly Times
How To Raise Tomato Seedlings
The phrase 'pricking out' mentioned above refers to the action of transferring seedlings from the tray to the individual pots where the tomato plants can grow and gain vigour - ready for final transplanting to their growing position.
- IF you've never bitten into a fragrant, vine-ripened, sun-warmed tomato harvested fresh from your own garden, you haven't tasted a real tomato. And once you do, you'll never again be satisfied with the mealy supermarket imposters. Fortunately, tomato plants are easy to grow and remarkably productive
- What companion plants grow with tomatoes? Planting companion plants along with your tomatoes can increase their vigour, repel insects and control pests and diseases in the soil. Some good plants to choose include basil, borage, mint, parsley and garlic.
- As you may know there are plenty of great tomato seeds on the market. Your first step is to select a high quality seed. While you might be inclined to purchase an inexpensive seed, I strongly suggest that you spend the extra money and opt for the highest quality tomato seed that you can afford.
- Why grow tomatoes from seed? There are always plenty of tomato plants for sale at local garden centers, but for the largest variety, you will need to consider growing tomatoes from seed. Since tomatoes are heat lovers, most gardeners don't have growing seasons long enough to start tomatoes from seed
You can find us here:
- Australian Capital Territory: Muswellbrook ACT, Monash ACT, Turner ACT, Pierces Creek ACT, Callala Beach ACT, ACT Australia 2621
- New South Wales: Bumberry NSW, Beacon Hill NSW, Yalwal NSW, Euabalong West NSW, Church Point NSW, NSW Australia 2012
- Northern Territory: Tiwi NT, Harts Range NT, Alyangula NT, East Side NT, Nauiyu NT, Mcarthur NT, NT Australia 0888
- Queensland: Cootharaba QLD, Lavarack Barracks QLD, Woodhill QLD, Jensen QLD, QLD Australia 4081
- South Australia: Cape Jaffa SA, West Lakes Shore SA, Ernabella SA, Porter Lagoon SA, Everard Park SA, Littlehampton SA, SA Australia 5025
- Tasmania: Mayberry TAS, George Town TAS, Merseylea TAS, TAS Australia 7042
- Victoria: Clifton VIC, Eden Park VIC, Ultima VIC, Lake Moodemere VIC, Clarkefield VIC, VIC Australia 3009
- Western Australia: Exmouth Gulf WA, Lynwood WA, Redmond WA, WA Australia 6079
- British Columbia: West Kelowna BC, Telkwa BC, Anmore BC, Parksville BC, Revelstoke BC, BC Canada, V8W 7W6
- Yukon: Eagle Plains YT, Snag Junction YT, Kirkman Creek YT, Britannia Creek YT, Brooks Brook YT, YT Canada, Y1A 9C4
- Alberta: Picture Butte AB, Killam AB, Cold Lake AB, Rycroft AB, Olds AB, Wetaskiwin AB, AB Canada, T5K 9J9
- Northwest Territories: Fort Liard NT, Sambaa K'e NT, Salt Plains 195 NT, Fort Smith NT, NT Canada, X1A 2L3
- Saskatchewan: Consul SK, Love SK, Paddockwood SK, Ogema SK, Rosetown SK, Lashburn SK, SK Canada, S4P 9C3
- Manitoba: Carberry MB, Treherne MB, Winnipeg MB, MB Canada, R3B 1P6
- Quebec: Scotstown QC, Sainte-Anne-des-Monts QC, Warden QC, Causapscal QC, Sainte-Julie QC, QC Canada, H2Y 9W1
- New Brunswick: Doaktown NB, Petit-Rocher NB, Sussex NB, NB Canada, E3B 7H8
- Nova Scotia: Sydney Mines NS, Guysborough NS, Parrsboro NS, NS Canada, B3J 7S6
- Prince Edward Island: Lorne Valley PE, Eastern Kings PE, Cardigan PE, PE Canada, C1A 5N3
- Newfoundland and Labrador: Happy Valley-Goose Bay NL, Rocky Harbour NL, Red Bay NL, Englee NL, NL Canada, A1B 3J9
- Ontario: Hillsburgh ON, Missanabie ON, Uphill ON, Darlingside, Jack Lake, Simcoe County ON, Maple Valley, Severn ON, Brownsville, Oxford County, Ontario ON, ON Canada, M7A 9L8
- Nunavut: Mansel Island NU, Iqaluit NU, NU Canada, X0A 2H1
- England: Chesterfield ENG, Gosport ENG, Stockton-on-Tees ENG, Dudley ENG, Bristol ENG, ENG United Kingdom W1U 6A2
- Northern Ireland: Newtownabbey NIR, Craigavon (incl. Lurgan, Portadown) NIR, Belfast NIR, Belfast NIR, Derry (Londonderry) NIR, NIR United Kingdom BT2 7H8
- Scotland: East Kilbride SCO, East Kilbride SCO, Edinburgh SCO, Aberdeen SCO, Aberdeen SCO, SCO United Kingdom EH10 3B2
- Wales: Neath WAL, Neath WAL, Barry WAL, Wrexham WAL, Wrexham WAL, WAL United Kingdom CF24 2D7


text:
Come and join us as we celebrate our Anniversary! One year since we started morning services at Cinemark Lincoln Square. Our special guest this Sunday is Dr. Scott Camp. We are so thrilled to see what God has done in one year and cant wait for the next chapter to start. This would not be possible without our Dream Team, a group of incredible people that have discovered their gifts and passions and are actively serving in them. Join the team so we can make a difference together. Come celebrate with us and get a piece of a Birthday cake.
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: October 7SUNDAY NIGHT SERVICE / BAPTISM
Later Event: October 3024 HOUR PRAYER CHAIN


text:
Last May the city of Hamilton, Ohio, sought to put itself on the map by changing its name to Hamilton!, complete with exclamation point. Now it appears that while the renaming of the city got what must be the maximum amount of attention a busy nation is capable of conferring on such an event (including some unsolicited advice in these columns), it failed to achieve its primary goal: Hamilton!'s bold, arresting punctuation mark won't get on the map.
The U.S. Board on Geographic Names has "agreed that punctuation marks are not part of geographic names," said Donald J. Orth, the federal board's executive secretary, in a recent letter to officials of the Ohio city. The Rand McNally map company followed up by announcing that since the exclamatory name has been ruled nonregulation, it will not appear on any of its maps.
Last spring's change of name was part of an effort by the city council to spruce up Hamilton's image. The city had endured a long and unpleasant association with a notorious toxic waste dump that had obscured some of its more desirable aspects. More recently it had finished 202nd out of 329 American cities rated in Rand McNally's "Places Rated Almanac." A couple of questions: Does this mean Hamilton rated 202nd in the quality of its sunsets, the placidness of its summer mornings or the friendliness of its milkmen? More important: What is the federal government up to in this time of deregulation telling a city it can't use a little imaginative punctuation to promote itself?
We expressed our reservations about Hamilton!'s name change last spring, and we continue to prefer to end most of our own sentences with a period. But in the interest of defending the First Amendment right to indiscreet use of punctuation (a right that Hamilton! intends to continue exercising even in the face of these recent discouragements), we make this promise: any time the county seat of Butler County, Ohio, is discussed on these pages, either in an editorial or in a letter from one of its residents rhapsodizing about his home town, Hamilton! it is and Hamilton! it will be. Your exclamation point is good here, people of Hamilton!


text:
or call us now at3377890330
219 Chemin Metairie RoadSave
Youngsville, LA 70592
Key Details
Property Type Single Family Home
Listing Status Active
Purchase Type For Sale
Price per Sqft $89
Year Built 1979
MLS Listing ID 19007045
Style Ranch,Traditional
Subdivision La Neuville Holiday
Full Baths 3
Acreage Range 0 - 0.5
Lot Dimensions 100 x 200
Property Description
Located just seconds from Ambassador Caffery, this home has all the amenities you're looking for inside and out! Three bedrooms and three bathrooms, this home has a TON of room for comfortable living and a wonderfullot canopied with trees and a spacious backyard with plenty of covered patio for entertaining. An oversized garage and bonus area gives plenty of options for storage and plenty of room for activities!
State LA
County Lafayette
Area O
Interior Features Crown Molding,Electric Dryer Con,Electric Stove Con,Electric Washer Con,Master Bath,Office,Some Window Treatments
Heating 2 or More Units,Central Heat,Zoned
Cooling 2 or More Units,Central Air,Zoned
Flooring Carpet,Tile,Wood
Fireplaces Type 1 Fireplace,Other,Ventless
Equipment Cable Ready,Ceiling Fans,Garage Door Opener,Sec Sys Owned,Security System
Exterior Feature Landscaped,Outside Light
Garage 2 Car Garage
Fence Full,Privacy,Wood
Pool No
Utilities Available Elec: SLEMCO
Roof Type Composition
Story 1.0
Foundation Slab
Lot Dimensions 100 x 200
Lot Size Range 0 - 0.5
Sewer Public Sewer,Public Water
Water Public Sewer,Public Water
Elementary Schools Martial Billeaud
Middle Schools Broussard
High Schools Comeaux
School District Lafayette Parish School District
Read More
Listing Provided By Cody Musgrove of Van Eaton & Romero, LLC
Nearby School & Properties
Marketing Trends
Average Sales Price
Coming Soon
Neighborhood Demographic
Similar Homes Unlike
Quick Search
Coby HebertChat Now
Hey it's Coby...how can I help?


text:
This article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone.
Are you certain this article is inappropriate?
Excessive Violence
Sexual Content
Political / Social
Email Address:
Article Id:
Reproduction Date:
Bobby Ray Franklin (born October 5, 1936) is a former American football safety for the Cleveland Browns. He played as a quarterback for Ole Miss in college, and was the head football coach st Northwest Mississippi Community College. On June 25, 2010 he was inducted to the Mississippi Association of Coaches Hall of Fame.
University of Southern Mississippi, Mississippi State University, Ole Miss Rebels, Vanderbilt University, Texas A&M University
Cleveland Browns, University of Mississippi, Pro Bowl, Pro Football Hall of Fame, 1957 NFL Draft
Kansas City Chiefs, Buffalo Bills, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, New York Jets
Buddy Myer, Jackson, Mississippi, Wendy's High School Heisman, Lance Alworth, Charles Armstrong (baseball), Jim Ashmore


text:
Azteca Soup
Ingredients50 m servings 360
- Adjust
- Metric
Directions{{model.addEditText}} Print
- Heat oil in large skillet and carefully drop in half the tortilla strips. Fry in batches until golden brown and crunchy. Place fried tortilla strips on a paper towel-lined plate and pat dry. Sprinkle salt on tortillas, tossing to coat both sides.
- Using a blender or food processor, blend tomatoes, onion and cilantro until completely pureed.
- In a saucepan, heat chicken broth, chipotle chili, and pureed vegetables. Bring to a boil; remove from heat. Ladle soup into serving bowls. Prior to serving, add tortilla strips and avocado. Buen provecho!
- Editor's Note:
- We have determined the nutritional value of oil for frying based on a retention value of 10% after cooking. The exact amount will vary depending on cooking time and temperature, ingredient density, and the specific type of oil used.
- Partner Tip
- Try using a Reynolds® slow cooker liner in your slow cooker for easier cleanup.
Nutrition Facts
Per Serving: 360 calories; 21.2 37 9.6 0 1244 Full nutrition
Explore more
ReviewsRead all reviews 40
47 Ratings
I loved this soup. It's quick, easy and very tasty. For a more low fat version of the tortilla strips, I sprayed the strips with olive oil, and then baked them at 375 degrees until they got cr...
I am a Latina who loves Cilantro, but this soup had a little too much. Otherwise, it was great.
I loved this soup. It's quick, easy and very tasty. For a more low fat version of the tortilla strips, I sprayed the strips with olive oil, and then baked them at 375 degrees until they got cr...
I loved this soup. I do suggest that adding chopped raw onion and bit of lime juice does just the trick. The lime juice is essential when adding chicken. Thanks Andree!
I am a Latina who loves Cilantro, but this soup had a little too much. Otherwise, it was great.
Wow...what a recipe! I brings back happy memories for me. It is nice, easy and quick to prepare. I did not use as much oil as recommended...the amount of cilantro was a bit much, it should be ...
I loved this recipe! I followed it to the T except for I used tostada shells instead of frying my own tortillas. I also sprinkled a little extra cumin in for a little different taste. Next time ...
I used some canned substitutes and it was still great...drained diced tomatoes instead of fresh and canned diced chilles instead of adobo. I also added canned black beans and corn a couple time...
LOVED IT! Exactly the soup recipe I have been looking for the past 3 years! SO easy to make and great leftover (if there are any!!) A couple of variations to try: add 2 T uncooked long-grain r...
Absolutely great! I usually use water instead of chicken broth and I add lime juice. Wonderful result!
We loved this soup. I sprayed the tortillas with cooking spray and baked them and they turned out perfect. I also added some shredded chicken to the soup and sprinkled a little cheddar cheese ...


text:
Electrical Wiring in Kansas
Electrical Wiring in the State of Kansas
Recent discussions from homeowners located in Kansas about home electrical projects, including home improvements, room additions, remodel projects, electrical troubleshooting and electrical repairs.
Electrical Wiring Projects in Kansas
Replaced a Ceiling Fan Now it is Not Working
Do I Need a Special Circuit for my Air Conditioner
Electrical Circuit for a Microwave
Home Electrical Power Problems and the Utility Company
How Can I Light Up a Dark Hallway at Night for my Child?
How to Wire a Disconnect Switch for a Tankless Water Heater
Checking Light Fixture Wiring Connections
Installing a Electric Water Heater Circuit
How Do I Connect The Wiring For a New Oven?
Electrical Wiring for a Workshop Panel
Listing of Cities
Recent Electrical Wiring Projects in the State of Kansas
Kris in Missouri asks: My son and I replaced a Ceiling Fan in his bedroom. The fan and light were working prior to replacing, now it does not work.
Do I Need a New Circuit for an Air Conditioner? Air Conditioner Electrical Circuit Requirements, Replacing an Older Air Conditioner, Converting an Existing Circuit.
How to Wire a Microwave Oven Circuit: Microwave Cords and Plugs, The Problem with Shared Electrical Circuits
Identifying and Correcting Home Electrical Power Quality Problems: If the voltage drops below 110 volts then this may be an indication that the electrical utility company has some upgrading to perform to their system.
Ashley in Kansas asks: I have a 6 year old who is terrified to walk down the dark hallway at night to get to the bathroom. I wanted to switch out the 3-way switch for a 3-way dimmer switch so I can leave the light on but dimmed so the whole hallway is illuminated.
Rod in Oklahoma asks: I installed a tankless water heater. I put a non-fuseable disconnect between it and the breaker box. How do I wire a 60amp Siemens disconnect switch for a Tankless Water Heater?
I am adding more light fixtures, the new lights do not work, but the original light does work, what did I do wrong? Common Problems with Light Fixtures and Dimmer Switches and How to Fix Them.
How to Wire an Electric Water Heater Circuit: We are installing the wiring for an electric water heater circuit and we need to make sure we are using the right wire size.
How to Wire a New Oven When Replacing an Existing Oven: What to do when you have black wire, red wire, white wire, and a ground wire.
Workshop Electrical Wiring Project: Planning the Electrical Panel for a Workshop, Workshop Electrical Circuit Wiring.
Understanding Furnace Thermostat Electrical Wiring
How to Install Basement Electrical Wiring: Basement Lighting Plan, Wiring Basement Lights, Changing the Basement Lighting Layout, Basement Wiring for Recessed Lighting.
Generator Power for an Electric Dryer: 3-Wire and 4-Wire Connections for a Dryer to a Generator.
Does garage electrical wiring have to be protected with conduit? How to Install Garage Electrical Wiring on a Concrete Wall, Methods for Installing Electrical Conduit for Surface Mounted Electric Wiring.
More about Electrical Wiring and Electrical Repairs


text:
Charlotte Lefevre
Vessel Administrator
Vessel Administrator
Charlotte joins the company after several years working as a stewardess in the yachting industry with extensive experience in the Mediterranean and Asia. She holds a Masters degree in applied languages from the University of Provence and is Fluent in French, German, Swedish and English. Through her hands-on experience in yachting, Charlotte understands the demands of working on-board and the needs of our clients.


text:
scumbag(redirected from scumbags)
Also found in: Acronyms, Idioms.
1. Slang A person regarded as despicable.
2. Vulgar Slang A condom, especially one that has been used.
[From slang scum, semen.]
slang an offensive or despicable person
[C20: perhaps from earlier US sense: condom, from US slang scum semen + bag]
n., v. scummed, scum•ming. n.
a. a film or layer of foul matter that forms on the surface of a liquid.
b. a film of algae on still or stagnant water: pond scum.
2. refuse or offscourings.
3. a low, worthless person.
4. such persons collectively; dregs.v.i.
5. to form scum; become covered with scum.v.t.
6. to remove the scum from.
[1200–50; Middle English scume < Middle Dutch schūme (Dutch schuim) foam, c. German Schaum]
scum′less, adj.
scum′like`, adj.
scumbag[ˈskʌmbæg] n (pejorative) → fripouille f
n (inf: = man) → Bastard m (inf), → Scheißkerl m (inf); (= woman) → Miststück nt (inf)


text:
Published at Wednesday, August 28th 2019, 13:41:04 PM by Aubrette Favreau. Living Room
You may find that the rug provides a base of an entire decorating scheme, or perhaps you already have a decorating theme that you love and a colored rug will finish off the room. In the room I remembered with the bright red rug, they built the decorations around the red rug. Patriotic decor hung on the walls and red pillows sat on darker couches. They even found a coordinating oversized red chair that they bought to go along with the rug. The brightly colored rug freed them to make other bold choices in a room that was not structurally special but because of the decorating theme became visually spectacular.
Accessories like rugs, cushions, etc play a very special part in forming the character of the room. Mix and match accessories to give the room and interesting look. You can also display your souvenir collections in the living room so that it catches the eye of visitors and makes the area more appealing. But do see to it that you do not over crowd the room with your knick knacks.
Copyright © 2019 Manysame.com.
All contents published under GNU General Public License. All rights of images and videos found in this site reserved by its respective owners. All trademarks mentioned belong to their owners, third party brands, product names, trade names, corporate names and company names mentioned may be trademarks of their respective owners or registered trademarks of other companies and are used for purposes of explanation and to the owner's benefit, without implying a violation of copyright law.


text:
Yentenson Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Yentenson Name Meaning
Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland.
Similar surnames: Benenson, Estenson, Enderson, Centeno, Peterson, Stenson, Engelson


text:
Musings & Inspirations
The Sisterhood Wound… Within!
I often hear, and have shared about, the state of my inner union. The state of the union between my masculine and feminine aspects. And yes that matters. A lot. But what about the state of the feminine council, the sisterhood circle, within?!?!?! What about that?...read more
My Abortion Story… A VERY personal decision – NOT a political debate!
While I sit in the comfort of my home half a world away, the right to a safe and legal abortion hangs by a thread in the country where I was born and educated. And where I had my abortion. I was 13 and I was scared. I am so grateful that at that time abortion was...read more
Accessing the Wise Woman
This is the strongest feminine archetypal energy that runs through me. It has been this way for me since I was a child, and that wasn't always easy for me to understand. As a child, as a teenager and as a young adult, I have judged myself for being too deep, too...read more
Womb Wisdom & Cycles
Just before our bleeding time we feel a plunge in our energy levels. They are at an all time low. What is going on hormonally inside of us is reflected in the darkest night of each month, when the moon is at its thinnest. There is a stillness, energy moves inward. At...read more
What's Mine Is Yours… What's Yours Is Mine!
.... this was a huge take home message I got from Highden when I was there the first time. My marriage is explicitly and intentionally based on this. We consider ourselves consorts. So... beloveds.... what if we were all consorts? What if we were all in service to...read more
Harnessing The Feminine Warrior Archetype
She is connected to the time approaching the new moon, approaching our bleeding time, and approaching menopause. Healthy warrior energy is transformational energy, it destroys so that something new may be born. For that, something must be let go of/ die/ surrendered....read more
When the Ascending and the Descending Paths Meet!
This drawing came through me. What do you see? It's actually much more amazing in person! Once I started and I couldn't stop. I was possessed. And about half way through something clicked, and it touched me so deeply I wept. It was a deep wisdom that kicked in and...read more
Living An Ordinary Life… based on Real Freedom!
I ran into a woman the other day I have not seen in years. She asked me what I'm up to and I told her proudly that I have moved to Finland now and have a home. And her response was: "that's what we do all this work and growth for? So we can sit at home and...read more
The Holy Trinity
I gazed at his beauty as we made loveHis hair began to gray, thin, until it had all fallen outHis body and face wrinkled and saggedI watched with eyes wide open as my beloved's body withered away before my eyes.He remained inside me, making sweet soft love...read more
Money, Abundance and Love
Lets look at abundance in its many forms. Whether its life force energy, orgasmic states of being, money, resources, love, connections, or spirituality, it all boils down to a sense of abundance. Abundance is rooted in the belief that this is a kind...read more
Mother Mary
The quintessential representation of the Mother archetype is Mother Mary. Whether you are Christian or not, this representation has most likely had some effect on your psyche, and certainly on the society you live in (whether you are a man or a woman).Most of us women...read more
The Magic, Rawness, and Beauty of Birth
I recently traveled with my mother for almost a month, focusing on healing wounds and reclaiming roots, in Bolivia (where she was born and raised). As I sit in my mother's house right now planning out the upcoming Womb Wisdom Journey which will include the...read more
My Initiations Into Tantra
I celebrate today, August 15, the Assumption of the Virgin Mary the mother of Christ, the "Day of the Goddess" as it has been reclaimed... by honoring my initiation into Tantra. Yes I know, traditionally, it is women who initiate men on the Tantric Path. My case was...read more
Honoring Men on the Path!
Honoring Men on the Path! It's been several days now that the issue of Masculinity and Men has been strong. No surpise, the planet Mars (the Cosmic Masculine archetype) is closer to Earth right now then it has been in 15 years. Last night I sat outside and watched the...read more
Abuse of Power and the neo-Tantric Community
Yesterday I read the article by Be Scofield published in the Medium titled "Women Accuse Agama Yoga Founder Swami Vivekananda Saraswati of Sexual Assault" and a related article by Deva Temple, on Medium as well, titled "Tantric Couple Shares Their Painful Experiences...read more
Creating an Alter: How to Invite the Sacred into Your Every Day Life (Part 1)
It took me a very long time to accept the sacred in my life, to own my need for ritual, and to recognize archetypes/ energies of divine manifestation. Having an alter, as well as a travel version of one since I can't carry bronze statues everywhere I go, and setting...read more
The Re-Emergence of a Mystery School
Written on: January 11, 2018 Many of you have asked about my 2 months at the 7th Ray Mystery School Highden, in New Zealand. Six words come: Soul-mining, heart- opening, purpose, connection! So if you are one of those people who have wondered about my time there, read...read more
The Enchantress… in You
The Enchantress archetype! She corresponds to the Summer time, to the full moon, and to ovulation in a woman's cycle. This is when planetary energies are the highest and when a woman's hormones are at their peak. There are long summer days, nature is fully activated,...read more
On Men & Women, the Masculine & the Feminine
For a woman to be comfortable with a man's feminine in an intimate relationship she must first be at peace and own her feminine and her masculine. Then she doesn't have to project her masculine out to a men to step in and fill the gap, and doesn't need to strictly...read more
A Love Letter to Love
The shapes and forms of love change, but the love remains. Love is a beautiful journey of letting go. The following is a love letter I wrote to love: I commit to love. To planting seeds of love deep in the earth, trusting they will be cradled and held. I commit to...read more
So what makes a Tantric relationship … Tantric? (Part 1 of 3)
The inspiration for the Intimacy Journey for Couples I offer came from reflecting on the lessons learned and the teachings I have received over the past 10 years of walking the Tantric path in a committed relationship. Here I begin to describe the qualities that I...read more
My journey with Femininity
I spent most of my life feeling that there had been a mistake in the factory. Surely I was given the wrong body. I had no doubt that I should have been born a boy. I didn't feel feminine at all. It was never about outer appearances. Not about clothes or hairstyles. I...read more
Do you long to know your purpose in life?
Do you want to connect to your soul? Do you wish to find meaning in your life? Here is an important Key!: So what usually holds us back from connecting to our soul or living with meaning and purpose, is "survival" mentality. This is sustained by what we call the...read more


text:
The Feasibility And Impact Of A 35 Billion Gallon Alternative ...
35 Billion Gallons by 2017 Page 1 The Feasibility and Impact of a 35 Billion Gallon Alternative Fuels Standard Alternative fuels, according to the U.S. Department of Energy, are "substantially non-petroleum ... Document Retrieval
The Compelling Case For Alternative Fuels / Natural Gas (CNG ...
Alternative Fuels / Natural Gas (CNG & LNG) Use in CNG has become a vehicle fuel alternative to oil-based gasoline and diesel fuel. The International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles estimates that more than one million vehicles ... Fetch Doc
Alternative Fuels To 100LL Aviation Gasoline - Hjelmco Oil
Alternative Fuels to 100LL Aviation Gasoline Transport Canada and National Research Council Canada Breakout Session Questions and Summary of Reponses ... Document Retrieval
Alternative Fuels - School
Page 6-3 Alternative Fuels and Global Climate Change For several reasons, scientists and engineers are researching and testing alternatives to ... Access Full Source
Automotive Engines Chapter 12 Gasoline, Alternative Fuels ...
ICONS Ch12 Gasoline, Alternative Fuels, Diesel Fuels DISCUSSION: Have the students talk about Distillation process. In addition to fuel, what other products are produced through ... Read Here
Certified Alternative Fuel Conversion Systems
Title: Certified Alternative Fuel Conversion Systems Subject: This document lists EPA certified clean alternative fuel conversions. Author: U.S. EPA OAR Office of Transportation and Air Quality Compliance and Innovative Strategies Division kdanzeis ... Return Document
Wisconsin Biofuels And Alternative Fuels Use Report
Biofuels and Alternative Fuels Use Report -7- Reformulated gasoline requires an oxygenate which can be supplied by methyl tertiary butyl ether ... Fetch Full Source
Alternative Fuels In Canada - Publications
Alternative fuels are derived from both renewable and non-renewable sources, and include ethanol, biodiesel, natural gas, propane, electricity and hydrogen. • by using other fossil fuels such as methanol or gasoline in the reforming process; ... Retrieve Full Source
Alternative Fuel Save The Environment And Your Checkbook
Table of Contents Introduction 3 What Are Alternative Fuels 4 Gasoline and Oil 5 Why Are Gas Prices So High 11 Alternative Fuel Vehicles 13 ... Fetch Content
664860 Alternative fuels - FuelArmor
Gasoline, Avgas (any type) Many NO Please note the following: Fuels marked YES are fully listed with UL for use with Beckett burners D396. From time to time, it is desirable or necessary to use alternative fuels that essentially meet this standard. The ... Access Content
The History Of alternative fuels In Transportation: The Case ...
The history of alternative fuels in transportation: The case of electric and hybrid cars Karl Georg Høyer* Technology, Design & Environment, But when gasoline became readily available in 1952, the production company turned to ICE cars. ... Fetch Doc
Hydrogen Economy And Alternative Fuels
Hydrogen Economy and Alternative Fuels Contributors: Dr. Pragasen Pillay replacing the need for automotive gasoline. Second, it can be stored in fuel cells to create electricity, providing another power source for a vehicle. ... Fetch Here
STATE ALTERNATIVE FUELS PLAN - California Energy Commission
STATE ALTERNATIVE FUELS PLAN C OMMISSION R EPORT December 2007 CEC-600-2007-011-CMF California Air Resources Board California Energy Commission ... Fetch This Document
Include alternative fuels and reformulated gasoline and diesel. Louisiana's Special Fuels Tax Law does not specifically name those motor vehicle fuels that are "special." Instead, it refers the reader to a section of the state's gasoline tax law that is equally ... Access Full Source
If petroleum had to make up for that 10 percent, gasoline prices would probably be at least 10 percent higher than what they are right now. Ethanol and Corn Subsidies. When you look at all the pros and cons of ethanol, it is almost a toss up. ... Read Article
Fossil fuel - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
For instance, contain only very low boiling, gaseous components. Others such as gasoline or diesel contain much higher boiling are becoming more important as sources of fossil fuel. [15] Oil shale and similar materials Fossil fuel exporters; Fossil fuels lobby; Hydraulic fracturing; ... Read Article
Alternative Fuel & Vehicle Efficiency Projects - YouTube
Skip navigation Upload. Sign in ... View Video
Alternative Motor Vehicle Fuels In Louisiana
These include alternative fuels and reformulated gasoline and diesel. Louisiana's Special Fuel Tax law does not specifically name those motor vehicle fuels that are "special". Instead it refers the reader to a section of the state's gasoline tax law ... Retrieve Here
Making Ethanol (Lesson Plan) (Investigation And Analysis Of ...
Alternative fuels. 2. When yeast cells ferment simple sugars (such as glucose), ethanol and carbon dioxide are produced. 3. Fossil fuels, which are the source of gasoline used in most automobiles, are a finite resource. ... Access Doc
Chapter 2 Why Support Alternative Fuels?
Chapter 2 Why Support Alternative Fuels? During the oil crises of the 1970s, support for alternative highway fuels focused primarily on the issue of energy security and the United States' ... Retrieve Doc
The Feasibility Of Alternative Fuels And Technologies: An ...
The Feasibility of Alternative Fuels and Technologies: An Assessment of Addison County Transit Resources' Current and Future Options Allison Bard, Natural gas is often seen as an environmentally-friendly fossil fuel alternative to gasoline, diesel, and even biodiesel. ... Get Content Here


text:
Six Sigma throughout the finance company helps to scale back prices which are primarily based on strategic choices. These choices are sometimes produced from statistical knowledge collected from particular sources all through this quality enhancement process.
A finance team analyzes information to be able to recommend sure adjustments and enhancements throughout the group. These projects are run by Six Sigma professionals, and these individuals are a part of a team, that's compiled of various levels of certified professionals. Taught to make use of particular instruments, these people are in a position to make use of information taken from all points of the finance business and determine methods to vary a corporation's each day practices for the higher.


text:
Flat pedaalid koos vahetatavate pinnidega. Komplektis ka lisapinnid.
Flat pedals win medals, and the new El Guapo Toro pedal is no exception. Low profille composite bodied flat pedal with repalceable pins and spinning on cro-mo axles.
Low profile design
Replaceable pins
Composite thermoplastic body cro-mo axle
Cartridge bearings and DU bush
The EL Guapo Toro is built to charge. Weighing in at only 185g a side we've put together a grippy, low-profile platform design with a bash-proof, repalceable pin system that doesn't thread into the pedal. A solid cro-mo axle spins on a combination of cartridge bearings and DU bushes for maintenance free durability. Built for UK conditions these are double sealed, with an o-ring at the axle cap and friction lip seal at the crank end, the Toro flat pedals are ready to tame the trails.
If you prefer flats to clipless pedals, and why wouldn't you, ride the EL Guapo Toro, they're the best flat pedal we've ever designed.
Body width: 100mm
Toe to Heel depth: 107mm
Max thickenss: 18mm
Concavity: 4mm


text:
Our Studio
Woodfield Road, Ealing, W5 1SR
Our main studio space is located in the beautiful Pitshanger area in Ealing, West London. It's conveniently close to both the A406 and the A40 for those coming from any part of the country. Parking is free in the local area around the studio at all times.
Tel: 07766 006 542
email: email@example.com
Contact Us
Have questions? Then drop us a message and we'll get back to you ASAP!


text:
This is a set of Ford FE 390 GT Tall polished valve covers with deep laser engraved logo. Built from high-grade die-cast aluminum and proudly made in the USA.
- Fits: 352, 390, 427, 428
- Dimensions: Exterior: 4-7/8", Interior: 4-1/2", Baffle: 3-1/4"
- Style: Deep laser engraved 390 GT logo
- Finish: Polished
- Breathers and baffles included
- Clears most roller rockers and stud girdles
- Wire tabs installed
We specialize in customizing our own valve covers! If you want a specific number or logo on the valve cover just message us with your ideas.


text:
Doug McDermott Stays Hot On Tuesday
11 months agoIndiana Pacers forward Doug McDermott had his second consecutive game with 21 points on Tuesday, shooting 7-for-12 from the floor in 24 minutes off the bench. He made five triples with seven attempts and ended up sharing the team lead in scoring with Domantas Sabonis. McDermott had a zero-point outing last Friday against the Spurs, but despite that, he's averaging 13.8 points per game on 60 percent shooting in his last five outings. He's in really good form right now and has a couple of really nice matchups coming up, as the Pacers are set to meet a pair of bottom-10 defenses in games against Sacramento and Chicago.
Source: ESPN
Source: ESPN


text:
Evolving Information Symmetry in Baseball →
Twenty years ago, no fans had access to, for example, the data about pitch type and speed that is now relatively easily available, even decent video of major or minor league players was hard to come by. Thirty years ago up to date data of minor league games was unavailable for most fans. This made is possible for insiders to either know more than most fans, or by alluding to hard to get information, pretend they had more information than most fans.


text:
Ph: (250) 400-0115
Send email
Visit website
Online Marketing Simplified. The Update Company helps to keep your web presence fresh, current and productive by managing your social media, email marketing and website updates in a timely and professional way.
With Aboriginal cultural tourism's star on the rise, we must greet the future with open arms and 'pull together' to realize our full potential. Read our latest five year Corporate Plan and find out how AtBC is helping Aboriginal communities and tourism businesses across BC.
Find out more…


text:
Biotrin raises $5.5 million:
This article was originally published in Clinica
Executive Summary
Irish biotech company Biotrin has raised IR£3.5 million ($5.5 million) in a second round of financing. The funds will be used to obtain US product approvals and to develop home tests for transplantation patients and a rapid assay for organ selection.
Register for our free email digests:


text:
The challenges of evolving Rome criteria for functional dyspepsia
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are defined by symptom complexes that occur in the absence of organic, systemic, or metabolic diseases that are likely to explain the symptoms. The criteria were first standardized by a group of experts in 1995 forming the Rome I criteria. There have been 3 subsequent iterations with Rome IV being released in 2016. Pain-associated FGIDS are common, with one of the two most prevalent being functional dyspepsia (FD). With Rome III, adult FD criteria were altered significantly to include 4 specific symptoms: early satiety, postprandial fullness, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning. Although some alterations were made in Rome IV FD criteria, the four symptoms remained. These symptoms were first adopted in the pediatric FD criteria with Rome IV. FD has two recognized sub-types—postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS)—which are not mutually exclusive. PDS is defined by bothersome postprandial fullness or bothersome early satiation. EPS is defined by bothersome epigastric pain or bothersome epigastric burning. Defining FD subtypes under the adult Rome III criteria spurred new research linking specific FD symptoms and subtypes differentially with inflammation, mechanical disturbances, and psychosocial functioning.
While evolution in the FD criteria allows for the inclusion of new scientific information, it is not without cost. Specifically, there is a risk that previous study findings utilizing older criteria may be rendered obsolete with regard to prevalence estimates and associated factors for specific FGIDs. The recent study by Aziz and colleagues is the first to systematically assess FD prevalence and associations utilizing Rome IV criteria in a large population (1). Previously, our best knowledge of FD prevalence in adults was provided by two systematic reviews (2,3). The first review analyzed studies published from 1980 to 2002 and determined a prevalence of 11.5–14.7% in the general population (2). Of note, all of the studies included in this review predate the significant alteration in adult FD criteria that was made with Rome III. The second review analyzed the prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia in adults in over 100 studies that spanned the time period before and after adoption of the Rome III criteria in adults. For the 312,415 included subjects, an overall prevalence of approximately 21% was found (3). Of note, the 7 studies within this review which specifically utilized Rome III criteria yielded a much lower overall prevalence of 7.6% (3). It seems clear that adjustments in the diagnostic criteria have the potential to substantially alter our understanding of FD prevalence.
The current study by Aziz and colleagues fills an important knowledge gap by systematically evaluating the FD population prevalence across 3 countries (United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States) in a standard fashion utilizing Rome IV criteria for the first time. The authors analyzed 6,300 completed surveys (2,100 from each country) and found a relatively consistent prevalence of around 10% (8% in the UK and Canada, 12% in the US). The 8% prevalence found in the UK and Canada is remarkably close to the 7.6% reported by Ford and colleagues for studies utilizing Rome III criteria (1,3). These data would suggest that changes made in Rome III and carried through to Rome IV have more narrowly defined FD in adults and, consequently, have stabilized prevalence estimates in the general population. In contrast, transitioning from Rome III to Rome IV FD pediatric criteria, which could be likened to transitioning from Rome II to Rome III in adults, appears to have resulted in an increase in prevalence estimates for FD in children and adolescents (4,5). This difference in impact of criteria on prevalence estimates between adults and youth is interesting and suggests that there may be differences at play in the criteria or condition itself across the lifespan that would benefit from further investigation.
While overlap syndromes (e.g., FD with irritable bowel syndrome; FD/IBS) were recognized utilizing pre-Rome III criteria in adults, the prevalence of FD/IBS overlap did not differ with regard to Rome II FD subtypes (ulcer-like vs. dysmotility-like dyspepsia) (6,7). FD/IBS overlap utilizing Rome III criteria has previously been demonstrated in a number of studies performed across a variety of populations (8,9). While the Rome III prevalence for overlap was similar to pre-Rome III, overlap in Rome III was more associated with a specific FD subtype, namely PDS (10). Aziz and colleagues further added to the existing literature by assessing overlap of Rome IV defined FD with other FGIDs and associations with aspects of psychosocial functioning and broader physical symptoms. They found that adults with FD demonstrated a significantly increased prevalence of IBS (32% vs. 3%) and heartburn (12% vs. <1%), respectively, as compared to those who did not fulfill FD criteria (1). The overall prevalence is similar to what was reported utilizing Rome III. This again contrasts with initial pediatric data where there was a 3-fold increase in the diagnosis of overlap when applying Rome IV criteria to a pediatric population as compared to applying the Rome III criteria to the same population (5).
Recognition of overlap is important as these patients experience greater symptom burden and increased healthcare utilization (9). Previous studies support the existence of FD overlap with gastroesophageal reflux and overactive bladder syndrome in both adults and children (11-13). In addition, overlap has been associated with increased anxiety, depression, and somatization, as well as decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL) (10,14,15). An association between FD and somatization (i.e., broad physical complaints), specifically, has been reported prior to the transition to Rome III (16). This association also has been reported utilizing Rome III criteria in adults, but like FD/IBS overlap, has been more specifically associated with PDS (17,18). Aziz and colleagues have confirmed the association of somatization with Rome IV defined FD, including the specific association with PDS (1). They reported increased somatization, decreased HRQOL, increased likelihood of having seen a doctor, and increased medication use as an indicator of heavy disease burden (1). Overlapping PDS/EPS was associated with increased somatization and decreased HRQOL as compared to PDS or EPS alone (1). PDS alone was associated with increased somatization, while somatization in EPS was similar to controls (1). The sum of this literature indicates that FD is often associated with other functional gastrointestinal conditions regardless of how the definition of FD has evolved over time; however, this association has become better defined with the recognition that overlap is more prevalent in those adults with FD fulfilling PDS criteria. The impact of Rome IV subtype on overlap prevalence in youth is not as well defined at present, although overlap between conditions is higher overall and may influence detection of subtype associations.
While not a new finding, the confirmation by Aziz and colleagues of an association between somatization and FD, particularly PDS, is worthy of discussion (1). While somatization may be psychological in nature, it is also possible that there may be other pathophysiologic mechanisms that not only lead to dyspeptic symptoms but also a variety of other systemic symptoms. Transition to Rome III FD subtypes led to work demonstrating differential pathophysiologic associations for PDS and EPS. One area of particular focus has been non-diagnostic mucosal inflammation. A systematic review and meta-analysis of microscopic inflammation in FD found 37 studies reporting mucosal cell counts and/or cytokine levels (19). These studies demonstrated increased mast cells and eosinophils (but not intraepithelial lymphocytes or neutrophils) in the antrum and duodenum (19). While this review did not report a difference in duodenal eosinophils by FD subtype, individual studies have reported an association between duodenal eosinophils and PDS (20,21). A pediatric study also found an increase in antral mast cells in patients with PDS while epigastric pain was associated with decreased antral mast cell density (22). This same pediatric study also found a positive correlation between mast cell density and somatization scores (22). An association between somatization and mast cells seems plausible given that gastrointestinal and other somatic symptoms may both result from mast cell mediator release. Many questions that appear on somatization scales refer to symptoms and events (such as headache, shortness of breath, dizziness, and frequent doctor visits) that could be seen in association with mast cell activation.
Recognition of distinct subtypes of FD as defined by Rome III have resulted in inquiries, such as those above, which have begun to clarify our understanding of the relationships between putative pathophysiologic mechanisms. In adults, given the similarity between Rome III and Rome IV FD criteria, it is likely that relationships demonstrated utilizing Rome III criteria would also hold true for Rome IV. Some initial confirmation of this has been provided by Aziz and colleagues. However, a similar statement cannot be made for pediatric patients, as Rome IV has dramatically altered FD criteria. Further, emerging findings do not always parallel those of adults, making extrapolation from adults to youth more challenging.
While previous relationships found for FD need to be re-confirmed under new criteria for both adults and youth, it may be equally true that previous studies finding no relationship between FD and a specific factor need to be re-evaluated to determine if the negative findings continue to hold true. As an example of this, Aziz and colleagues found a negative association between the use of antidepressants (types not defined) and FD, particularly PDS (1). In short, adults who were taking an antidepressant were found to be less likely to have a diagnosis of FD. While cause-and-effect certainly cannot be determined from the study design, this finding raises the possibility that antidepressants may have a beneficial effect on FD, and particularly on PDS. This stands in contrast to a previous systematic review and meta-analysis which concluded that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), but not selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are effective in FD (23). This systematic review and meta-analysis ultimately assessed 13 previous studies, only 3 of which utilized Rome III criteria and none of these 3 evaluated treatment with an SSRI.
The cause for the possible discrepancy between the systematic review and the Aziz study is not clear. It is possible that TCAs accounted for a significant portion of the subjects in the Aziz study. It is also possible that the findings in the Aziz study represent the real-world experience of FD treatment with antidepressants that involves a more robust response as opposed to what occurs in a controlled treatment trial. It is equally possible that SSRIs, for example, are effective if given to subjects with Rome III or Rome IV defined FD as compared to pre-Rome III. Of note, Aziz and colleagues hypothesize that antidepressants may down-regulate the brain-gut axis and mediate mechano-sensory function. Thus, it is certainly also plausible that the antidepressants may have prevented the conditions for which they were prescribed (e.g., depression or anxiety) from initiating or contributing to altered physiology which would have eventually led to the development of FD. For patients diagnosed with both a mood or anxiety disorder and an FGID, approximately two-thirds have onset of the mood or anxiety disorder before the FGID while one-third have onset of the FGID first (24). For non-healthcare seekers, approximately one-half have onset of the mood or anxiety disorder first and the other half have onset of the FGID first (24). These data would suggest that mood or anxiety disorder may predispose to, or be the result of, an FGID, though this may be epiphenomenon. In a population study, there was nearly an 8-fold increase in FD over 10 years in those with major anxiety (but not depression) (18). Even more interesting in light of evolving criteria, this relationship was limited to the PDS subtype. The findings of Aziz and colleagues suggest that further evaluation is warranted as to how antidepressants alter gastrointestinal physiology related to inflammatory cell activation and mechano-sensory functioning, if at all, in order to tease apart the directionality of the association found. Importantly, it also points out the need to conduct SSRI trials in patients with Rome IV defined FD and, further, to re-examine previous null findings pre-Rome III to ensure that changes in the criteria do not uncover a previously suppressed effect.
The biggest limitation of the study by Aziz and colleagues, as acknowledged by the authors, is that it is not known whether the subjects had previous endoscopy and certainly it could not have been performed in a standardized fashion (1). Thus, the study may have included a mixed group of subjects with uninvestigated dyspepsia (likely the largest group), FD patients with negative endoscopies (but possibly with non-diagnostic mucosal inflammation), and subjects with clear organic disease. This is likely a minor limitation and one that probably needs to be accepted in order to perform large epidemiologic studies of this nature. With regard to somatization, this distinction may not be important as mean somatization scores and numbers of somatic symptoms have been reported to be similar in FD and dyspepsia associated with organic disease in adults (25). However, this does limit our ability to use such epidemiologic studies to better understand putative pathophysiologic mechanisms, particularly as they relate to FD subtypes.
It could be argued that the work of the members of the various Rome committees has been the single most important factor in moving the research agenda forward, and that has furthered our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for—or contributing to—FGIDs at a much faster rate than prior. The Rome criteria provide the framework for integrating new findings into a more cohesive model. The intentional iterative process of re-evaluating and adapting the criteria to incorporate new research findings has been key in having the criteria continue to be relevant to researchers (and hopefully clinicians). This may be particularly true in the case of FD criteria in adults where evolution to Rome III criteria, which have largely been carried through to Rome IV, ignited a new wave of research yielding important insights that have the potential to translate into improvements in clinical care. That being said, the evolution of the criteria does come with some risk, as outlined here, and should not be undertaken lightly. Significant changes may, to some degree, invalidate previous research findings or at least make them more challenging to reconcile with current definitions and findings. It may be difficult for the clinician, in particular, to keep abreast of current terminology and sort out implications for their own practice.
Finally, Rome IV pediatric criteria were largely adapted from adult criteria with some limited initial pediatric data. It cannot be assumed that the value of the FD criteria change will be as significant as it was in adults, or result in a similar finding. Initial data suggests that, indeed, the Rome IV criteria may be behaving in unexpected ways relative to our accumulating experience with adults. We will need to continue to examine the criteria from a developmental context, ensuring that we are adapting the criteria in the right way for youth with FGIDs, including the language used at different ages to describe similar sensations or symptoms, and that we understand how conditions, associations, and mechanisms may remain constant or vary across the developmental lifespan.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
- Aziz I, Palsson OS, Törnblom H, et al. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and associations for symptom-based Rome IV functional dyspepsia in adults in the USA, Canada, and the UK: a cross-sectional population-based study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;3:252-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- El-Serag HB, Talley NJ. Systemic review: the prevalence and clinical course of functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;19:643-54. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ford AC, Marwaha A, Sood R, et al. Global prevalence of, and risk factors for, uninvestigated dyspepsia: a meta-analysis. Gut 2015;64:1049-57. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Saps M, Velasco-Benitez CA, Langshaw AH, et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents: comparison between Rome III and Rome IV criteria. J Pediatr 2018;199:212-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Edwards T, Friesen C, Schurman JV. Classification of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders related to abdominal pain using Rome III vs. Rome IV criterions. BMC Gastroenterol 2018;18:41. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Caballero-Plasencia AM, Sofos-Kontoyannis S, Valenzuela-Barranco M, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome in patients with dyspepsia: a community-based study in southern Europe. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;11:517-22. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Locke GR III, Zinsmeister AR, Fett SL, et al. Overlap of gastrointestinal symptom complexes in a US community. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2005;17:29-34. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Rasmussen S, Jensen TH, Henriksen SL, et al. Overlap of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome in the general population. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015;50:162-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Vakil N, Stelwagon M, Shea EP, et al. Symptom burden and consulting behavior in patients with overlapping functional disorders in the US population. United European Gastroenterol J 2016;4:413-22. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Choi YJ, Kim N, Yoon H, et al. Overlap between irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia including subtype analyses. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;32:1553-61. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Quigley EM, Lacy BE. Overlap of functional dyspepsia and GERD- diagnostic and treatment implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;10:175-86. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Matsuzaki J, Suzuki H, Fukushima Y, et al. High frequency of overlap between functional dyspepsia and overactive bladder. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012;24:821-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Friesen CA, Rosen JM, Schurman JV. Prevalence of overlap syndromes and symptoms in pediatric functional dyspepsia. BMC Gastroenterology 2016;16:75. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kaji M, Fujiwara Y, Shiba M, et al. Prevalence of overlaps between GERD, FD and IBS and impact on health-related quality of life. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:1151-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pohl D, Van Oudenhove L, Törnblom H, et al. Functional dyspepsia and severity of psychologic symptoms associate with postprandial symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Jones MP, Sharp LK, Crowell MD. Psychosocial correlates of symptoms in functional dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:521-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hsu YC, Liou JM, Liao SC, et al. Psychopathology and personality trait in subgroups of functional dyspepsia based on Rome III criteria. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:2534-42. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Aro P, Talley NJ, Johansson SE, et al. Anxiety is linked to new-onset dyspepsia in the Swedish population: A 10-year follow-up study. Gastroenterology 2015;148:928-37. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Du L, Chen B, Kim JJ, et al. Micro-inflammation in functional dyspepsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Walker MM, Salehian SS, Murray CE, et al. Implications of eosinophilia in the normal duodenal biopsy- an association with allergy and functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31:1229-36. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Walker MM, Aggarwal KR, Shim LS, et al. Duodenal eosinophilia and early satiety in functional dyspepsia: confirmation of a positive association in an Australian cohort. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;29:474-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Schurman JV, Singh M, Singh V, et al. Symptoms and subtypes in pediatric functional dyspepsia: relation to mucosal inflammation and psychological functioning. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;51:298-303. [PubMed]
- Ford AC, Luthra P, Tack J, et al. Efficacy of psychotropic drugs in functional dyspepsia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2017;66:411-20. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Jones MP, Tack J, Van Oudenhove L, et al. Mood and anxiety disorders precede development of functional gastrointestinal disorders in patients but not in the functional population. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;15:1014-20.e4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gracie DJ, Bercik P, Morgan DG, et al. No increase in prevalence of somatization in functional vs organic dyspepsia: a cross-sectional survey. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;27:1024-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Cite this article as: Friesen CA, Schurman JV. The challenges of evolving Rome criteria for functional dyspepsia. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;3:63.