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In the past two weeks, we see they are now at the head of the line objecting to trump's racist, cruel, amoral etc. policies.
Thank you to the Rabbis of Montana speaking out together. Thank you to the Catholic priests and nuns who were removed in handcuffs from a peaceful protest by Catholics, I think in Illinois.
Thank you to the Methodist and Lutheran churches who have spoken out against Trump's vile racism and barbaric treatment of children.
Thank you for the efforts of religious organizations trying to help children and infants trump is holding in cages, even causing the deaths of at least seven children who died from treatable diseases., like flu.
You have free articles remaining.
Thank you to the members of one Jewish community in California who locked arms, surrounded an ICE facility, chanting "never again."
I will never again ask "Where are the churches?" Many are speaking out nationwide, denouncing the evils of the Trump administration. I encourage those churches that remain silent to join in this collective national rejection of evil and join in the movement to restore the decency that most Americans once strove to embrace.
— Claire Kelly, Stevensville


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Excel How to Find the Percentage of Change Between Values
Hence, if we want to calculate the average rate of change of distance with respect to time, then it simply comes out to be 50/4 i.e. 12.5 km per hour. Another very good example of average rate of change is when you find the slope of a line.... The average rate of change function also deterines slope so that process is what we will use. Example 3: Find the average rate of change function of from 3 to x. Step 1: f (3) = -1 and . Step 2: Use the average rate of change formula to define A(x) and simplify. Step 3: The average rate function of change of from 3 to x is . Example 4: Use the result of Example 3 to find the average rate of
How to Solve for rate of change in Microsoft WonderHowTo
To calculate the average rate of change (the average bicycle speed) in Excel, you can easily do as follows: 1. Select the blank cell besides the cell with last distance, in our case select Cell C7, enter the formula =(B7-B2)/((A7-A2)*24) into it and then press the Enter key.... Divide the absolute change by the average value to compute the midpoint rate of change. In the example, dividing 50 by 125 produces a rate of change of 0.4. In the example, dividing 50 by 125 produces a rate of change of 0.4.
Rate of Change Worksheet with Solutions ThoughtCo
The Rate-of-Change (ROC) indicator, which is also referred to as simply Momentum, is a pure momentum oscillator that measures the percent change in price from one period to the next.... Find how long it takes her to row upstream, how long to row downstream, and how many kilometers she rows. One of the best ways to start a problem like this is to make a table that uses all the information you have been given. Let's make one for the information we have about the distance, rate, and time Karen travels when she is going both upstream and downstream. We'll call the time it takes
storage Calculate rate of changed data - Server Fault
Divide the absolute change by the average value to compute the midpoint rate of change. In the example, dividing 50 by 125 produces a rate of change of 0.4. In the example, dividing 50 by 125 produces a rate of change of 0.4.... The rate of something is usually a measurement in change of something 'over' something else. Here the word 'over' means 'divided by'. For example your velocity is a rate.
Rate Of Change How To Find
storage Calculate rate of changed data - Server Fault
- How to find rate of change Calculus 1 - Varsity Tutors
- Excel How to Find the Percentage of Change Between Values
- How to calculate rate of change Quora
Rate Of Change How To Find
1/02/2012 · However, you can use the following formula to calculate the percentage change =( new_value - original_value )/ABS(original_value) where original_value represents the value that the percentage of change is based on, and new_value represents the value that has changed.
- 2. Using this graph on a business's profit, what was the average rate of change in profit from 1995 to 2010? In 1995, the profit was $16,985. In 2010, the profit was $15,000.
- A. The rate of change is just the derivative. To find this, I'd use substitution and the chain rule. By stating [math]u=1 - \frac{t}{12}[/math]
- Hi evry one, i have a question about calculation of rate of change of frequncy in grid connected Wind turbine and how to choose the threshold value. Hi dear Sanjoy, my question is about the Rtae
- Big Ideas: The fact that the slope is constant between any two points on a line leads to the derivation of an equation for the line. Graphing, tabulating, and writing equations to represent values in a function give insight into the relationship between the variables. In this task, students identify rate of change (slope) and initial value (y
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subset: commoncrawl


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July 9th, 2011, 23:45 Posted By: wraggsterNews via http://wololo.net/wagic/2011/07/08/p...s-in-the-wild/
An unbricker battery compatible with the ta88v3 has been released recently, and scene dev Yoti uploaded a video demonstrating the tool. Read along
Nowadays running a custom firmware on a PSP is not complex, no downgrading is required as both pro cfw and TN Hen run on the latest firmware, and people who want to install another CFW such as M33 just need to use the necessary tools.
But people who have joined the scene a bit earlier know that the biggest hack for the PSP was the pandora battery, where hackers discovered (with lots of work and a bit of luck) that the battery in the PSP was used not only to power the device, but also to enter service mode, so that Sony repair centers could quickly fix a broken flash or install a new firmware on a PSP. Coupled with a magic memory stick, this allowed hackers to create a very cheap downgrade/unbrick mechanism, and basically with a special battery and a special memory stick you could easily unbrick your psp, or install a custom firmware on it. I still have one of those, and it is the most convenient technique for installing a CFW on PSPs that support it. It is also extremely safe, because even if you mess up your flash, you have ways to rewrite it entirely, so there is no risk of brick, unlike recent CFW installation systems.
Sony quickly reacted and their new PSP models were not compatible with this Pandora battery anymore. The first model of motherboards to include a security against the Pandora battery was the Ta88v3, the doomed psp2000 model. This model was still compatible with the battery and could enter service mode, but the magic memory stick didnt work anymore, so it was basically made useless. Further models (the psp3000) even added more security, rendering the battery itself useless.
Hackers Boryan and ErikPshat have found a technique to use a magic memory stick on a ta88v3, which is a big deal for those of us who are stuck with a bricked psp 2000
The technique is described in this thread, and the result is shown in this video, made by dev Yoti (who has provided several updates for PSARDumper PSPIdent in the past) and showing the jigkick installing firmware 5.02 on a 6.38 ta88v3 (correction, the psp in the video is a ta85v2, but Yoti guarantees that the results are the same on a ta88v3)
For more information and downloads, click here!
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[Editor's note:The following is Jane Enkin's review of "Broadway Musicals: A Jewish Legacy" which was featured at this year's Rady JCC Tarbut festival]
Broadway Musicals: A Jewish Legacy (2013, American,) opens with a terrifically deadpan delivery of a number from the musical Spamalot, "You Won't Succeed on Broadway...if you don't have any Jews." Director Michael Kantor makes a convincing case for the truth of this proposition.
I enjoy this genre – a talking heads film with plenty of interviews, wonderful old photos, and satisfying snippets of songs from filmed performances and Hollywood versions of Broadway shows. The composers, lyricists and their family members are good storytellers, and the academic experts make interesting observations. It should be noted that this film with its many profiles does not come close to exhausting the list of Jewish Broadway composers and lyricists – there are too many to introduce them all in one film.
Some time is spent on the influence of Jewish music on American music from the turn of the last century to the 1940's or so. The claim is made that the Yiddish musical theatre of Second Avenue had an influence on Broadway. (I remain unconvinced.) Irving Berlin wrote a few numbers in Yiddish, and some novelty English songs on silly Jewish themes. The young Jewish composers who made a mark on Broadway, however, were assimilated English speakers – we learn, for example, that George Gershwin was rejected as "too American" for the Yiddish theatre.
Yet it is Gershwin who is shown here to have drawn on Jewish melodies. A musical expert plays "Di Grine Kusine" and Gershwin's "Swanee" to help us hear similarities, the opening of "Rhapsody in Blue" is compared to klezmer clarinet, and the sounds of the Barchu are heard in the song "It Ain't Necessarily So." To use the call to the Torah for a song debunking the Bible is "the very definition of chutzpah."
More generally, some interesting observations are made about the "hazzanish wail" and African-American music, with some good illustrations of traditional modes and blues scales. Composer Marc Sheiman makes the tired assertion that minor keys indicate misery, and says that Black music, with blue notes inserted into major scales, shows some faith and hope. The blending of Jewish, African-American and European sounds is a hallmark of Broadway music.
But the main focus of the film is on the reasons that Jews were drawn to the theatre, and their impact on Broadway and on America's self-image. Theatre is viewed here as a place where misfits and outsiders could come together and collaborate, a safe haven in a largely anti-Semitic country.
The stories they collaborated on concerned outsiders overcoming obstacles. Broadway provided a chance to make it in America, and the stories were about people who triumphed. "The America they make it in is the one they made" – the ideas known as the American Dream grew out of Broadway's fantasies.
The outsider stories often explored challenging territory. Some musicals, including Jerome Kern's Show Boat, explored issues of race. Disturbing themes come up in Pal Joey, Oklahoma, and South Pacific, where we hear "You Have to Be Carefully Taught" to be prejudiced.
In the 1960's, Jewish stories began to appear on Broadway. Fiddler On the Roof was yet another triumphant outsider story. The creators found that the concept of tradition was key to Fiddler's universality – audiences world-wide relate to the interaction of tradition and modernity. Other shows with Jewish characters included Funny Girl and Cabaret.
There are wonderful glimpses into immigrant experience. It's pointed out that Rodgers and Hart's first hit, "We'll Take Manhattan," starts out with the Lower East Side – "It's very fancy on old Delancey Street, you know" – then moves on to the rest of the island. Irving Berlin embraced his new country and was very much embraced in return. His enduring hits include "God Bless America" and "White Christmas." Kurt Weill was successful in Germany, and when he moved to New York in the 1930's his music was already known there. He described his arrival by boat: "Everyone was looking at the new things they saw. My wife and I had the strange sensation that we were coming home." He remained, we are told, "obsessed with assimilation and being different."
Arthur Laurents, who wrote the libretto for West Side Story, talked about the show's focus on a group of recent immigrants. "It's a nation of immigrants, which we are very busy trying to deny," he says. He points out the relevance of the story today in light of American struggles over immigration policy.
Stephen Sondheim's plays, the film lets us know, question whether the American Dream leads to happiness. "Ambivalence is essential – it's what drama is about." But many of the songs in the film are anthems to optimism. Some showstoppers scream, "Look at me!" including "Rose's Turn" from Gypsy, Funny Girl's "Don't Rain On My Parade" and "I Am What I Am," from La Cage Aux Folles. When Mel Brooks has Hitler sing "Heil Myself" in The Producers, he's not only poking fun at Hitler – "We're tough, we're sharp, we survive," says Brooks – he's parodying this classic genre.
A different take on optimism comes in "Tomorrow," from Annie. A highlight of the film is composer Charles Strouse quietly singing the song at his piano. It's the best rendition of "Tomorrow" I've heard, tender and subtle.
The people profiled in this movie are all men, with the exception of lyricist Betty Comden. I suppose this makes sense – women creators were few in the early, formative years of Broadway. (See my note at the end of this article for more on Jewish women as composers and lyricists.)
A much more glaring absence leaped out at me, because it was there in plain sight – a large number of the men discussed in this movie were/are gay. This was simply not mentioned, and it's relevant. In the analysis of this film, Jews were drawn to the arts because it was a safe place, a self-contained, inward-looking community where they would be accepted. They created shows about outsiders partly because of their empathy, and partly because they could covertly explore Jewish and immigrant experience in these stories – "I


text: A viral invasion is revealing how the genome has its own immune system to fight off attacks. Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary October 10, 2019 A virus is attacking koalas' genes. But their DNA is fighting back Keith Chappell, The University of Queensland Koala retrovirus is a menace to koalas, but by watching it at work scientists are finding out how the genome defends itself


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Fun summer learning opportunity!
LHS is excited to offer a summer learning and reading program TIC TAC TROJAN for students of all abilities. This fun program is also flexible enough that it can also be combined with the district Pop into Reading program or some of the AP summer reading programs.
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New Year, New You?
Hi ladies and gents! We're four days into the new year, and I pray that all is going well for you guys. As the first week of the year is quickly coming to a close, I hope you all are walking with Christ with a spirit of fierce determination to achieve each and every goal you have set for yourself this week, month, and year. I know I am. My mind is solely set on my goals—no distractions and with a "no days off" mentality.
Although I hope you are sticking to those fitness goals, professional/career-related goals, spiritual goals, and personal goals for self-improvement, I want to remind you to not become too rigid. Don't be so in control that it no longer feels as if God is in control. Don't become so obsessed with results that you forget to enjoy the journey—celebrate the small victories. Every year we are afforded the opportunity to get this built-in time of renewal and restoration, hitting the restart button on a lot of things in our life; it's a blessing. It should feel good to your physical health, psychological health, and spiritual well-being; it shouldn't be stressful.
So, here are some quick tips for you as you work diligently and intentionally toward achieving your goals in which I hope you have consulted with God about, first:
- Pray about what you're working toward daily, and keep those spiritual goals first on your list of priorities.
- Have a schedule. Now, at times, life will happen—things that are completely out of our control, and adjustments will have to be made. But remember, if something doesn't go exactly as planned, there's a reason for that, and God is not required to share the reason with us.
- Stay flexible. If things don't go as planned, don't go "forgetting" your goals—don't become discouraged and become idle (even if temporary). Satan will use anything he can to knock you off track—don't allow him to succeed.
- For those times you fall short, get back up! If you make a mistake or poor judgment, don't beat yourself up about it. Instead, give the glory to God. Let your weaknesses make room for God's extraordinary strength.
- Protect your peace. It is our obligation, as Christians, to love people where they are. It is not our job to accept disrespect, dishonor, backbiting, or lies. Everyone is not equipped to love you, so don't go self-destructing because they don't. Let God choose your friends, your future spouse, and establish relationships.
With that being said, make 2018 your year! If you want marriage, then act like it—let your actions reflect what you claim your heart desires. If you're beginning a new career or striving for increase in finances or a promotion, do the hard work. Be diligent—show up early and finish late. Trying to change some bad habits? Then stop hanging out with people who are a threat to the best version of yourself.
Want to hear God more clearly? Then stop leaving God's presence after asking Him for things—sit back and just listen. Give him your undivided attention—wait patiently on Him. Want new friends? Then start smiling and saying "hello" instead of mean-mugging as a defense mechanism. You want God to elevate you? Then stop knocking others down.
I'm telling you, this is the year for God's people. Christians are under constant attack. Satan knows the power that lies within us, when God is involved. He will stop at nothing to stop our blessings, in hopes of bringing our success to a screeching halt. Don't let Satan win.
Those seeds you planted—a harvest is coming! You can't even begin to imagine how great 2018 is going to treat you, if you remain obedient to His word, faithful, and stay the course; and most importantly, please remember, God's plan is not always our plan. You may not have something planned/scheduled, but it doesn't mean it's not time. If God brings you someone who loves you, accept it. If He opens a door to a new and unexpected opportunity, don't turn away from it. If God says move, get to moving!
I pray that 2018 treats you sweetly; and if it gets a little sour at times, don't give up, loves.
God got you!


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It's often remarked that the artists at CrossGen grow by leaps and bounds once they join the company, but rarely is the spotlight shone on the writers that have been amassed by the Florida based company. Once known as only a superhero writer, scribe Ron Marz has been flexing his creative skills on a variety of genres from fantasy, with "Sojourn," to Japanese-feudalesque war time stories in "The Path." The latter has drawn a lot of acclaim from fans and CBR News spoke to Marz to shed some light on what is one of his most ambitious projects.
"'The Path' is a samurai tale centering upon a monk, Obo-san, who has seen his warlord brother slain by the very gods to whom he prayed for salvation," explains the former "Green Lantern" writer. "Now Obo-san has not only sworn vengeance against the gods, and is also embroiled in a rebellion against his nation's mad Emperor. Lots of flashing swords and epic battles, but with a subtext dealing with, among other things, loss of faith, and concepts of honor and duty.
"Obo-san is obviously the focus. He's leading the rebellion, which is rooted in the very earthly concern of saving his land from a man he believes will lead it to ruin. He's also wrestling with his own loss of his religious faith, which gave structure and meaning to his life, and his vow to destroy those he now sees as false gods.
"Obo-san is aided by Wulf, an outlander, a barbarian who's patterned after classic Norsemen; Aiko, a female samurai who was raised with Obo-san's family but seems to be harboring romantic feelings for him; and Yama, a disgraced, mentally-challenged sumo.
"The Emperor is Mitsumune, a boyhood friend of Obo-san, but now seemingly quite mad. Mitsumune was resurrected from the dead after committing seppuku, and has displayed instances of unexplained, incredible power. Serving Mitsumune is General Ryuichi, also a boyhood friend of Obo-san. Ryuichi believes Mitsumune is mad, but won't allow himself to turn away from his sworn duty of serving the Emperor."
The cast of "The Path" is diverse enough to make it stand out from CrossGen's other comics, but one thing about the characters differentiates it from most comics on the market today- the lead character is motivated by religion and his strong religious background is a prominent factor in the series. But how much of Obo-San's beliefs are derived from Marz's views on religion and God? It's something many fans have wondered and Marz is happy to answer the question. "I'm sure my religious feelings creep into my writing, just like my feelings about duty, honor, responsibility, truth or anything else you'd care to name. When you write, you're pulling from within yourself. Who you are and what you believe is grist for the mill. But the vast majority of the time, all of it goes into the story in a subconscious way. I don't sit down to write a story that reflects my religious beliefs, I sit down to write a story that I hope will be entertaining. I'm not up on a soapbox here."
Marz has made a great effort to expand his creative horizons with "The Path" and the exploration of spiritualism is a way he's doing just that. "Spirituality isn't something that gets dealt with a lot in mainstream comics," contends Marz. "Or any mainstream entertainment, for the most part. But it was one of the real focal points of 'The Path.' I was really drawn to the idea of the main character having his entire belief system shattered, of having this man of god be forced into being a man of war.
"The Path' is a very different book for me to write, which is probably one of the reasons I'm enjoying it so much," says Marz. "The subject matter itself leads to different ways of telling the story, things that just feel right for a samurai tale. The pacing is more deliberate, there are more silent sequences, the visuals linger a little bit more. Some of the most important parts of the story are told through what the characters don't say, rather than what they do.
"Making Obo-san the focus allowed me to touch on both aspects of drama - the internal and the external. Obo-san's external conflict is the rebellion, the battles. Internally, he's wrestling his loss of faith and his sense of duty. The strictures that framed his life have been knocked out from under him.
"Making Obo-san the lead also allowed me to stretch different muscles as a writer. I've done 'hero in the making,' with Kyle Rayner and with Ethan in 'Scion,' and that's always a story that has great resonance. But Obo-san is cut from very different cloth. He was content living a simple, meditative life, but all that's been taken away from him."
Something that you'll find similar to Marz's other works is the theme of duty, coupled with honor. "I actually think a lot of the stuff I write explores duty and honor. 'Scion' and 'Sojourn,' certainly, and even 'Green Lantern,' were to a certain extent about doing the right thing. It's just that much more overt in 'The Path.'
"The concept of honor, and even more so, responsibility, are important to me. Not just in my writing, but in my life. I try to live an honorable, truthful life and live up to the responsibilities I have. Mean what you say and say what you mean."
The inspirations for the series may not surprise some, but the original concept for the series isn't exactly what you see today. "In a practical sense, CrossGen wanted a samurai book, and this is what we came up with," smiles Marz. "But the inspirations, for me, are myriad: Kurosawa films, 'Lone Wolf and Cub,' Clavell's 'Shogun,' all the Japanese reference I could get my hands on.
Of course, the question remains, how much is "The Path" modeled after Japan's feudal era and how much will it adhere to Japanese traditions? "I researched Japanese religions, and got a lot of advice from a fan named Benjamin Junk who had lived in Japan for a while, teaching English. I met Benjamin at the Chicago convention a few years ago and he's been invaluable providing reference material and answering all manner of questions.
"There's an entire shelf in my office dedicated to feudal Japan research, as well as an entire set of 'Lone Wolf and Cub' and plenty of Kurosawa DVDs. We're trying to be as accurate as possible, but the fact that this isn't historical Japan gives us some latitude. If we tried doing something totally historically accurate, I'm sure we'd constantly trip ourselves up. I think we're more interested in the overall feel of the period than in every last detail."
Those who have been reading the series, or perhaps picked up the affordable Traveler edition of the first story arc, with notice that Marz and artist Bart Sears took a different approach to panel layouts- cramming in more panels, having readers read across pages and providing very robust adventures each month. "The visual tone of the series was established by Bart Sears, who certainly pushed his work in a different direction for 'The Path,' says Marz. "We've been friends for years, and he's one of my favorite collaborators. We've worked together before, so we can work in almost a shorthand style, a little looser in terms of the actual plot and panel description. And being in the same place helps a great deal as well. For action sequences I'd just give Bart a general description of what happens and let him cut loose, no pun intended. It was a very organic way to work, playing off each other's strengths.
"Again, what we did felt like the right way to tell this story. I think it's the writer's responsibility to write to his artist's particular strengths and the demands of the story. The plots I wrote for Bart were different than those I wrote for Greg Land or Jim Cheung. What I write for Matt Smith is different than what I wrote for Bart. It's different because this is the way this story needs to be told. What I do, what the artist does, ultimately needs to serve the story. And Bart Sears and I were aware from the first page that we needed to do some things differently on this book"
Speaking of artists, Matt Smith has recently taking over the duties from Bart Sears and Marz explains the difference between working with both artists. "I guess a lot of readers thought Bart's stuff on 'The Path' was a big departure, but to me the same structure and the same story sense was there, even if the finish was a little different. Different icing, but the same cake.
"In many ways, 'The Path' was the kind of story Bart and I had always wanted to tell together. The subject matter and the visuals are something we both respond to, and I think we pushed each other to do better work. Every issue we did together was a pleasure, and those issues are among those I'm most proud of.
"Matt Smith took over from Bart. Big shoes to fill, obviously, but Matt's really stepped in and made the book his own. Matt initially drew issue #9 for us as a fill-in. I sought him out because I remembered his Lobster Johnson stories in Hellboy, and his 'Day of Judgment' mini for DC. I'm a big Mignola fan, and Matt's work has some of that sensibility to it - dark and moody, which is the right look for 'The Path.' Matt did a great job on his issue, and we offered him the regular assignment. Since he's come into the studio, he's been pushing himself to grow as an artist, and I think every issue looks better than the previous one.
"I'd be remiss if I didn't mention Mark Pennington, our inker, and Mike Atiyeh, our colorist. They've been with the book since day one, doing tremendous work. 'The Path' wouldn't be what it is without them."
If you're already a reader of "The Path" or wondering what's next for our intrepid heroes, Marz is willing to tell you some things and keep you guessing about the rest. "Lots of battle! We're ramping up to full-fledged rebellion and all that goes with it. Issue #19, which we just sent off to the printer, is a real mood issue, and a good place for a new reader to jump on to the series. The whole thing takes place in a driving rain, as our characters find themselves on the inescapable road to war. Issue #20 shows the first battle, but from the perspective of a village of peasants caught in the middle.
"The following two issues feature an appearance by Boon and Po Po from 'Way of the Rat,' then we get right back to the rebellion. Issue #23 has a 'Clint Eastwood/Man With No Name' feel to it, and #24 is the biggest battle we've featured yet."
Though the main conflict in "The Path" may seem like a finite one and something that couldn't be stretched out for too long, worry not- Ron Marz is on the same page as you. "There's definitely an end to the tale we're telling right now. There will be a conclusion to the rebellion and Obo-san's conflict with Mitsumune, which should come within a year or so. At that point, the series by necessity will go in a different direction. I definitely have other stories I want to tell in this setting.
"I expect the rebellion storyline to come to a climax within a year, which feels about right. Any longer and I think it'd seem like we were treading water. The resolution of the rebellion will have major effects on all the characters, and dictate what kind of stories we tell afterwards. The next stage of 'The Path' will grow from how the previous stage ends."
You can walk "The Path" on Wednesday, September 24th when issue #18 goes on sale.


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SOUTH PRINCE GEORGE - Richard Bland Men's Soccer recently defeated Cape Fear 5-0 at Cape Fear's Soccer Field.
The Statesmen improved to 8-2-1 and will next play against Lancaster at home this Friday, Oct. 5 for a 2 p.m. kickoff.
Sophomore Umar Mujahid opened the scoring for the Statesmen in the 10th minute with a goal on a header. Freshman Gorka Delgado assisted with the goal. Gorka
then got on the score sheet in the 40th minute with a delicate shot over the incoming Cape Fear goalie's head. Sophomore Romeo Kayizali assisted Gorka for the goal.
Romeo extended the Statesmen's lead 3 minutes into the second half when he guided Umar's long ranged kick past the Cape Fear's goalie. Gorka completed his hat trick with his second and third goals in the 58th and 80th minutes. Both of his goals were unassisted.


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PVV wrongly spent €80,000 from its parliamentary budget: NRC
28 October Print
The anti-immigration PVV has wrongly spent some €80,000 in subsidies meant to support its 15-strong parliamentary team, the NRC said on Monday.
Last week, dissident PVV parliamentarian Louis Bontes stood down as treasurer for the parliamentary party saying money was being spent on outside initiatives and he did not want to take responsibility for it.
For example, the 'resistance tour' organised this year to protest at cabinet policies cost €14,300, money which came from the parliamentary subsidy pot, the NRC said.
Two other bills have been criticised by the official auditors Deloitte: €22,705 for lawyer Bram Moszkowicz for a case brought by party founder Geert Wilders against the European emergency fund in 2012, and €42,615 for fighting the local council elections in 2010, the NRC said.
Parliamentary chairman Anouchka van Miltenburg will have final say on whether the rules have been broken, sources told the paper.
The PVV gets between €1.5m and €2m a year to spend on its parliamentary operation. According to the Volkskrant, parliament does not fall under freedom of information legislation, making it impossible to find out exactly what the money is spent on.
Because the PVV has no members apart from Wilders, it is not eligible for other financial support from the state which other parties get for campaigning and running their party machine.
– See more at: http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2013/10/pvv_wrongly_spent_80000_from_i.php#sthash.gmwNFx6u.dpuf
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Great prizes and fun to be had at the charity Matt to Moscow golf day and auction at the Bega Country Club tomorrow.
A dairy farmer from Bemboka is heading to Russia Monday week for stem cell treatment he hopes will halt his multiple sclerosis and save his life.
Matt Taylor was diagnosed with the chronic disease last December. It will be the first time he's been to Russia, but follows in the footsteps of two other Far South Coast residents who have had the treatment.
He says he will be in hospital in Moscow for 30 days.
There will be a charity golf and auction day tomorrow (Saturday) for Matt at the Bega Country Club and entertainment in the evening .
For more information and/or to help with the mission head to Matt's GoFundMe page.


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Central Bank of Ireland
|1 February 1943
|Philip R. Lane (2015)
|Central bank of
|Preceded by
Currency Commission (currency control)
Bank of Ireland (Government's banker)1
1 Even after establishment of the Central Bank, Bank of Ireland remained the government's banker until 1 January 1972.
The Central Bank of Ireland (Irish: Banc Ceannais na hÉireann) is Ireland's central bank, and as such part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). It is Ireland's financial services regulator for most categories of financial firms. It was the issuer of Irish pound banknotes and coinage until the introduction of the euro currency, and now provides this service for the European Central Bank.
The Central Bank was founded on 1 February 1943 and since 1 January 1972 has been the banker of the Government of Ireland in accordance with the Central Bank Act 1971,[1] which can be seen in legislative terms as completing the long transition from a currency board to a fully functional central bank.[2]
Its head office was located on Dame Street, Dublin from 1979 until 2017.[3] Its offices at Iveagh Court and College Green also closed down at the same time. Since March 2017, its headquarters are located on North Wall Quay, where the public may exchange non-current Irish coinage and currency (both pre- and post-decimalization) for euros, as well as High Value Euro Currency Bank Notes and Mutilated Currency.[4] It also operates from premises at nearby Spencer Dock. The Currency Centre at Sandyford is the currency manufacture, warehouse and distribution site of the bank.[5]
The Central Bank's reputation was badly damaged in the Irish financial crisis. While the Bank has taken actions to address some of the main criticisms (e.g. break from "green jersey agenda", explicit mortgage controls, and the new modified gross national income metric), there is evidence other issues remain (e.g. commercial property bubbles, and light-touch regulation), and that new controls, such as mortgage limits, are being circumvented by Irish banks and the Irish State.
The Central Bank of Ireland's mandate calls on it to contribute to the well being of the people of Ireland and more widely in Europe by performing statutory responsibilities which cover a wide range, including :
- price stability;
- financial stability;
- consumer protection;
- supervision and enforcement;
- regulatory policy development;
- payment, settlement and currency systems operations and oversight;
- the provision of economic advice and financial statistics; and
- the recovery and resolution of distressed financial services firms.[6]
The Governor of the Bank is appointed by the President of Ireland on the advice of the Irish government.
|Term of office
|Joseph Brennan
|James J. McElligott
|Maurice Moynihan
|T. K. Whitaker
|Charles Henry Murray
|Tomás F. Ó Cofaigh
|Maurice F. Doyle
|Maurice O'Connell[7]
|John Hurley
|Patrick Honohan
|Philip R. Lane
Recurrent criticisms have been made, both before and after the Irish banking crisis, of the Central Bank of Ireland.[9] As seen in the Irish banking crisis, when global markets are stressed, several of these issues can occur simultaneously (i.e. they are not independent risks), to amplify the seriousness of the situation. While the pre-crisis Central Bank of Ireland was judged to fail on all these criticisms,[9] the Irish State had the financial resources to bail out the Irish banking system (it was almost debt-free pre-crisis).[10][11] Post the 2011 bailout, the Irish State has a debt-to-GNI* ratio of over 100%,[12][13] and will not be able to withstand such a material failing by the Central Bank of Ireland again. A recurrence would place the Irish State into creditor restructuring.
Green jersey agenda
Several Irish bank CEOs testified to being asked by senior Central Bank officials to follow a "green jersey agenda" in obfuscating the facts behind Ireland's banking system.[14][15][16][17] After the bailout by the European troika of the Irish banking system, a number of non-Irish senior executives were placed in the Central Bank of Ireland. However, almost all have now departed the Central Bank, and some have publicised concerns about the Central Bank's tendency to push aside risk-management in pursuit of political objectives.[18] For example, the Central Bank ignored its own new "suitability and experience" code, to allow the ex. CEO of an online-betting company become Chairman of Ireland's main bank, Bank of Ireland.[19] The Central Bank was silent when the Government launched the 'Help-to-Buy' scheme as a way to artificially inflate house prices by breeching Central Bank's own mortgage rules, with increased levels of leverage.[20][21]
Weak mortgage controls
The Celtic Tiger era was typified by large, interest only, and highly leveraged mortgages. Post the bailout, the Central Bank introduced macro-prudential controls on mortgages both in terms of loan-to-value (caps of 80% and 90% depending on circumstances), and loan-to-income (caps of 3.5 times income).[22] However, it appears loan-to-income levels are approaching 5 times income for new mortgages (Irish banks blend new mortgages into the overall book to reduce aggregate metrics).[23][24][25] There is evidence Irish banks are returning to the practice of offering "Jumbo mortgages" (i.e. over €1 million), on the same terms as smaller mortgages. The Central Bank was silent when the Government introduced an aggressively leveraged "help-to-buy" scheme in 2017 (5 times loan-to-income).[20][21] The Central Bank was silent when Bank of Ireland allowed people to transfer ultra-low rate pre-crisis tracker mortgage products to new home purchases, further inflating Irish house prices by injecting ultra-cheap credit into the Irish residential market.[26] This is behaviour common under the pre-crisis "green jersey agenda" when the inflation of property prices was Irish national economic policy.[9]
Light-touch regulation
Brochures of IFSC professional services firms market Ireland as a "light-touch" regulatory regime.[27] Post the financial crisis in Ireland, the Central Bank of Ireland was given additional resources to improve oversight. However, it has been shown that in the area of Section 110 SPVs for example, that a light-touch regime persists.[27] Academic research has shown that these SPVs have been used by sanctioned Russian banks to access global capital markets.[28] Inappropriate use was made of these SPVs by U.S. distressed debt funds in 2012-2016, aided by the IFSC professional services firms, to avoid billions in Irish domestic taxes.[29][30][31][32][33] The Central Bank itself was paying rent to a US distressed debt landlord with using a Central Bank regulated ICAV structure that avoided all Irish taxes.[34] In February 2018, the Central Bank expanded the little-used L-QIAIF regime to give the same tax benefits as Section 110 SPVs but without having to file public accounts with the Irish CRO, which was how the abuses above were uncovered.[35] In June 2018, the Central Bank reported that distressed debt funds switched over €55 billion, or 25% of Irish GNI*, out of Section 110 SPVs, and presumably into L-QIAIFs.[36]
Distorted economic data
Ireland is a small economy and also one of the world's main corporate tax havens. As with all tax havens, Ireland's economic data is distorted by BEPS flows from various tax management activities. The top 10 GDP-per-capita countries, excluding natural resource countries, are all tax havens (see GDP-per-capita and tax havens).[38][39] This was shown dramatically in 2016 during "leprechaun economics" when Apple on-shored its non-U.S. intellectual property to Ireland.
At this point, multinational profit shifting doesn't just distort Ireland's balance of payments; it constitutes Ireland's balance of payments.— Brad Setser and Cole Frank, Council on Foreign Relations, "Tax Avoidance and the Irish Balance of Payments", 25 April 2018[37]
Exaggerated credit cycles are a feature of tax havens as global capital markets misprice the "headline" Debt-to-GDP in benign times, only to reprice aggressively in less benign times, leading to a credit crisis (discussed in tax haven credit cycles).[40] The Central Bank decisively responded to this in 2017 by introducing Modified gross national income (or GNI*), as a more appropriate measure for Ireland's economy.[41][42]
Ireland has, more or less, stopped using GDP to measure its own economy. And on current trends [because Irish GDP is distorting EU-28 aggregate data], the eurozone taken as a whole may need to consider something similar.— Brad Setser, Council on Foreign Relations, "Ireland exports its Leprechaun", 25 April 2018[43]
The level of distortion from Ireland's GDP is captured on page 34 of the OECD 2018 Ireland survey:[44]
- On a Gross Public Debt-to-GDP basis, Ireland's 2015 figure at 78.8% is not of concern;
- On a Gross Public Debt-to-GNI* basis, Ireland's 2015 figure at 116.5% is more serious, but not alarming;
- On a Gross Public Debt Per Capita basis, Ireland's 2015 figure at over $62,686 per capita, exceeds every other OECD country, except Japan.[45]
Commercial property bubbles
Ireland's status as a major corporate tax haven, means its commercial property market is prone to overinflating. This effect is amplified by the fact that the Irish State enables foreign investors to pay no taxes on Irish commercial property via Central Bank regulated QIAIFs (and ICAVs in particular).[46][47] The ratio of the value of Dublin prime office to its cost of the build is the second largest in the EU-28 (only exceeded by Paris).[48][49] Irish office rents are close to London City office rents.[50] Irish banks are the main lending institutions to Irish commercial property, and thus most exposed to material price movements. As was seen in the Irish banking crisis, when global conditions weaken and the demand for Irish office falls, the drop in Irish commercial valuations is far more extreme than other markets. When this occurs in sync with a global repricing of Irish credit (from a realisation of the level of artificial distortion in Irish economic data), the effects are further amplified. This risk was highlighted in 2014 when the Central Bank consulted the European Systemic Risk Board ("ESRB") after lobbying by IFSC law firms to expand the L-QIAIF regime.[51] Despite the experience of the Irish financial crisis, the Central Bank still largely ignores this area and relies on Dublin commercial property agents for data and assessment (the same source the Irish banks also rely on). When one of Ireland's richest businessmen, and an office developer, stated to Bloomberg in January 2018 that Dublin's office market was a bubble, the Irish Taoiseach Leo Varadkar publicly refuted his statement the very same day.[52][53] This issue is tied with the new risks of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 to Ireland's low-tax economy (discussed here).
Control of total credit
The above distortion of Irish economic data and the tendency to commercial property bubbles has led to periods when Ireland's economy was over-leveraged and reliant on non-domestic capital. The ability of foreign capital to use Ireland's corporate tax haven tools (IP-based BEPS tools, and Debt-based BEPS tools) to avoid Irish taxes, attracts further non-domestic credit. It has been shown that smaller countries with a high proportion of non-domestic capital are prone to very severe credit cycles.[40] To resolve this imbalance in the Irish financial crisis, Irish private sector debt was transferred to Irish public sector debt.[54][55] The result is that Ireland is now one of the EU-28's most leveraged countries on a private and public sector basis (not using distorted GDP measures).[56][57][58][59] This means that the Irish State will not be able to bailout its banking system for a considerable time.
During the global credit crisis, reports showed Ireland's combined public and private sector credit the highest in the OECD (some reports added in IFSC SPV credit producing higher, but misleading, figures). In the regard, the Central Bank now tracks private and public credit in Ireland in its quarterly bulletins. Private credit is tracked on a credit-to-income ratio, while public sector credit is tracked on a debt-to-GNI* ratio.[60] In addition, as part of the post-crisis reforms, the independent statutory body, the Irish Fiscal Advisory Council, also reports on Irish leverage (public and private) and its sustainability.[61][62][63] However, it is still common to see other Irish statutory bodies (e.g. NTMA and IDA Ireland) openly present the distorted, and misleading, GDP/GNP data in their reports.
From Currency Commission to Central Bank (1920–1942)
On the independence of the Irish Free State in 1922, the new state's trade was overwhelmingly with the United Kingdom (98% of Irish exports and 80% of imports in 1924), so the introduction of an independent currency was a low priority. British banknotes (British Treasury notes, Bank of England notes), and notes issued by Irish banks circulated (but only the first were legal tender) and British coins remained in circulation.
Under the terms of the Coinage Act 1926, the Finance Minister was authorised to issue coins of silver, nickel, and bronze of the same denominations as the British coins already in circulation – however the Irish silver coins were to contain 75% silver as compared to the 50% silver coins issued by Britain at the time. These coins entered circulation on 12 December 1928.
Under the terms of the Currency Act 1927, a new unit of currency, the Saorstát Pound (Free State Pound) was created, which was to be maintained at parity with the British Pound Sterling by a Currency Commission which would keep British government securities, sterling cash, and gold to keep a 1–1 relationship.
Foundation of the Central Bank to decimalization (1942–1971)
The Central Bank Act 1942 which came into effect on 1 February 1943 renamed the Currency Commission the Central Bank of Ireland, although the organisation did not at that time acquire many of the characteristics of a central bank:
- it was not given custody of the cash reserves of the commercial banks
- it had no statutory power to restrict credit, though it could promote it
- the Bank of Ireland remained the government's banker
- the conditions for influencing credit through open-market operations did not yet exist
- Ireland's external monetary reserves were largely held as external assets of the commercial banks
The mid-1960s saw the Bank take over the normal day-to-day operations of exchange control from the Department of Finance. The Central Bank broadened its activities over the decades, but it remained in effect a currency board until the 1970s. Economist Patrick Honohan evaluates the success of the movement from currency board to central bank as follows: 'in contrast to many other post-colonial cases, (the currency board's) demise was not followed by a rapid depreciation and slide into semi-permanent high inflation and lack of convertibility.[64]
Such was the proliferation of small industrial banks and hire purchase firms in the late 1960s, the 1971 Central Bank Act introduced significantly enhanced authorisation and supervision standards. In the inevitable consolidation in the marketplace, in 1976 a liquidator was appointed to Irish Trust Bank Ltd after Central Bank investigations and in 1982 Merchant Banking Ltd also collapsed.
Decimalization to European integration (1971–1978)
The 1970s was a decade of change, which began with the decimalisation of the currency which came into effect on 15 February 1971, when the decimal coinage was released into circulation (although 5p, 10p, and 50p coins were released a few years earlier, as they had exact equivalents in old currency units). Decimalisation would have provided an ideal opportunity to break the link with Sterling, but there was not much demand for this at that time. In 1972 however, the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates broke down, and in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis inflation in Britain increased dramatically, and economic theory would suggest that a smaller economy whose currency is pegged to a larger one will suffer the larger economy's inflation rate. At the same time moves to create a money market in Dublin and the transfer in 1968 of the commercial banks' sterling assets to the Central Bank made it possible to contemplate a break in the link. In the mid to late 1970s, opinion within the bank was moving toward breaking the link with sterling and devaluing the Irish currency in order to limit inflationary effects from abroad.
The EMS and movement toward a single currency
At this time, however, an alternative option became available. In April 1978, the European Council meeting in Copenhagen decided to create a "zone of monetary stability" in Europe, and European Economic Community institutions were invited to consider how to create such a zone. At the following Council meeting in Bremen, Germany in June 1978 the basic features of the European Monetary System were outlined, including the creation of the ECU – European Currency Unit, a basket of the Community's currencies used to determine exchange rates, and the forerunner of the euro.
The Irish government had to decide whether or not to participate in the EMS. If the EMS had included all the European Community's currencies, it would have provided stability for 75% of Ireland's external trade, but if Britain, which still accounted for 50% of Ireland's external trade, decided to stay out of the EMS. Despite this, on 15 December 1978 it was announced that Ireland would participate in the EMS. Countries were given the option of either a 2.25% or 6% margin of fluctuation within the EMS' Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), and Ireland took the narrower margin. The EMS started on 13 March 1979, and towards the end of the month Sterling started to gain in value against the EMS currencies because of rising oil prices, and by 30 March Sterling breached the upper fluctuation band limit of the Belgian franc and the Irish currency could no longer track Sterling. After over 50 years, the parity of the Irish and British currencies was broken, and the Irish currency became known as the Irish pound (or Punt).
The initial experience of the EMS was disappointing. It had been expected that the Irish Pound would appreciate in value against Sterling, and hence reduce inflation in Ireland, but in practice, Sterling appreciated considerably in value thanks to its status as a petrocurrency and to the tight monetary policies of the new British government of Margaret Thatcher. By late 1980 the Irish Pound had fallen in value to less than 80 British pence, and Irish inflation was higher than British. Economic policy in Ireland was inconsistent with a "hard currency" policy, and the Irish Pound also failed to hold its value against the central rate of the Deutschmark, although it did appreciate in value against some of the other EMS currencies.
Eventually, the EMS settled down (notwithstanding a crisis in 1992 when the Irish Pound was devalued by 10%), and Irish inflation was the same or lower than Britain's inflation rate from 1987 onwards.
Towards the Euro
The idea of a single European currency goes back to the Schumann Plan of 1950. The first blueprint for how to go about implementing the currency, the Werner Report of 1970 was not proceeded with, but the ultimate aim was always kept in mind. The Delors Report endorsed by the Madrid Summit of June 1989 envisaged a three-stage process to monetary union, and this was given legal authority by the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 (enacted into Irish law as the Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution of Ireland by 70% of those voting in a referendum on 18 June 1992). This envisaged the start of monetary union on 1 January 1999 and the introduction of notes and coins on 1 January 2002.
The Central Bank began production of euro coins in September 1999, producing over a billion coins, weighing about 5,000 tons, with a value of €230 million before the introduction into circulation of the euro coins in January 2002. Production of euro banknotes began in June 2000, with 300 million notes worth €4 billion being produced in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 euros. Euro banknotes produced for the Central Bank are identified by having the serial number begin with the letter T. The Bank did not initially issue €200 or €500 notes, but has since begun to do so.[65]
Domestic banking crisis
The Central Bank noted in November 2005 that an overvaluation existed of 40% to 60% in Irish residential property market. Minutes of a meeting with the OECD indicated that while the Central Bank agreed that Irish property was overvalued it was fearful of precipitating a crash by "putting a number on it". Senior Allied Irish Bank officials expressed concerns in 2006 that Central Bank stress tests were "not stressful enough".[66] The management ignored warnings from its own financial stability unit, according to one former staff member, whose evidence to the parliamentary inquiry was questioned by a number of other staff members,[67] and from the Economic and Social Research Institute about the scale of bank loans to property speculators and developers[68] leading to key information being suppressed. It was reported that it sought to gag a prominent economist from talking about the fragile state of the nation's banks in relation the Irish branch of Northern Rock.[69] The Central Bank "watered down" economic warnings about the property bubble in the run-up to the crash, blocked internal communication reaching board level due to the political interests (the so-called "green jersey agenda", and "rigorously" concealed data from the relevant external supervisors on the large exposures of Irish banks to individual developers.[70][71]
In November 2007, they stated: "The Irish banking system continues to be well-placed to withstand adverse economic and sectoral developments in the short to medium term. The underlying fundamentals of the residential market continue to appear strong and the current trend in monthly price developments does not imply a sharp correction. The central scenario, therefore, is for a soft landing."[72]
After the bubble burst, Irish banks faced mounting losses which exposed them to a collapse of confidence following the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy in September 2008; they then suffered acute liquidity pressures which had to be met by Central Bank support, including emergency lending. Management abuses were also revealed at Anglo Irish Bank, which had to be nationalised in January 2009.
The Central Bank annual report, published three months before the Irish State unconditionally guaranteed the deposits of Irish-owned banks, said: "The banks have negligible exposure to the sub-prime sector and they remain relatively healthy by the standard measures of capital, profitability and asset quality. This has been confirmed by the stress testing exercises we have carried out with the banks".[73][74]
The next annual report had little to say about how and why the Irish banking system collapsed.[75] Although there were four Central Bank directors on the board of the Financial Regulator, the Central Bank maintained it had no powers to intervene in the market. Yet, the Central Bank had the power to issue directives to the Financial Regulator if it thought it was conducting its business in a way that was contrary to overall Central Bank policy aims. None were issued.[76][77]
The regulator's processes and reports, and the findings of external scrutineers, any of which should have raised red flags, failed to do so. As a result, they did not see the enormity of the risks being taken by the banks and the calamity that was to overwhelm them.[78]
The European Commission in a November 2010 review of the financial crisis said "Some national supervisory authorities failed dramatically. We know that in Ireland there was almost no supervision of the large banks."[79] Two months later, the President of the EU Commission in an angry exchange in the European Parliament, with a vehemence that shocked his audience, said that "the problems of Ireland were created by the irresponsible financial behaviour of some Irish institutions, and by the lack of supervision in the Irish market."[80]
Separation of regulation – The Financial Regulator
In 2003 a new separate division of the Central Bank, with its own Chairman, Chief Executive, and board, was established as the Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority. This was as a compromise between those who favoured a fully independent regulator and those who believed the Central Bank should maintain full control of regulation of the financial services industry. This division of the Bank authorised and regulated all financial institutions (including insurance undertakings, collective investment funds and credit unions) in Ireland.[81][82]
Under the 2003 arrangements the Central Bank provided the Financial Regulator with services. The Regulator's industry panel, which provided the Regulator with feedback on its charges and policies said in April 2007 that they had ''major concerns with the quality and cost of the services'' provided to the Regulator by the Central Bank.[83]
The operations of the Financial Regulator were severely criticised in a report marked "strictly confidential and not for publication", as being poor value for money. The report stated that there were too few specialist staff, compared with its peers.[84] There were also serious shortcomings in the crucial supervisory area.[85][86] and the report was particularly critical of the regulator's senior management structure, concluding that a clear management and oversight framework, which ensures that issues are escalated through the organisation, was "not fully in place".[87]
Former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern, said that his decision in 2001 to create a new financial regulator was one of the main reasons for the collapse of the Irish banking sector and "if I had a chance again I wouldn't do it".[88] "The banks were irresponsible," he admitted "But the Central Bank and the Financial Regulator seemed happy. They were never into us saying – ever – 'Listen, we must put legislation and control on the banks'. That never happened."[89]
In April 2010, the new Financial Regulator, outlined his shock at the poor level of financial regulation he discovered when he started his job the previous January and "it is clear to me we need to undertake a fundamental overhaul of the regulatory model for financial services in Ireland."[90] He also said that there was a "critical absence of intellectual firepower within his staff"[91]
Following the banking collapse of 2008–9, the Government[92] re-unified the organisation under a Central Bank of Ireland Commission to replace the board structures of the Central Bank and the Financial Services Regulatory Authority which became effective on 1 October 2010. A July 2009 editorial, in the respected, Sunday Business Post, said "returning the key powers of regulation to the Central Bank will be useless unless there is a fundamental change in the culture of the organisation. This does not require a complete change of personnel, but a change of key personnel."[93] There can be no denying that the spinning off of the Financial Regulator from the functions of the Central Bank in 2003, was an outright failure.[94][95]
Post crisis reforms
On 4 November 2014 the European Central Bank formally took supervisory control over the biggest banks in Europe, including those in Ireland. While banking supervision staff in the Central Bank of Ireland remained, a pan-European approach to how banks were supervised was introduced, the Single Supervisory Mechanism.[96]
Subsequent to the parliamentary inquiry into the domestic banking crisis the organization said that the actions taken by the Central Bank combined with legislative reform and an overhaul of international regulation have enabled the organization to deliver effective supervision and financial stability measures since the crisis. Governor Philip Lane said, "The report describes a failure to identify risks to financial stability and recognizes the lack of an overall European framework to deal with the financial and fiscal crises. Many of the issues identified by the Inquiry relating to the Central Bank have been substantially addressed or continue to be addressed through measures including significant institutional reform, additional powers, the promotion of a culture of challenge and the implementation of the model of assertive risk-based supervision underpinned by a credible threat of enforcement."[97]
In early 2015 the Central Bank introduced macro-prudential mortgage regulations to increase the resilience of the banking and household sectors to the property market and to reduce the risk of bank credit and house price spirals from developing in the future.[98][99] These measures are to be reviewed annually, with the first report published in November 2016.[100] However, there is evidence that these rules are not being followed, and Irish banks are using a pre-crisis technique of higher multiples of salary for house purchases (to 5x), offset by deleveraging/low geared re-financing (at 2x), to maintain aggregate compliance. This is causing renewed pricing stresses in the housing market.[23][24][25] In particular, there is no specific control on large (or jumbo mortgages), a feature of the Celtic Tiger.
In response to the July 2016 leprechaun economics affair, the Central Bank convened a cross economic steering group (Economic Statistics Review Group, or "ESRG") including the IFAC, ESRI, NTMA, leading acadamics and the Department of Finance, to recommend new economic statistics to the Central Statistics Office ("CSO"), that would better represent the Irish economy (given the escalating distortions in GDP and GNP).[101] The result was the introduction of "modified GNI" (or GNI*). Report Site of the ESRG.[102][103] 2016 Modified GNI* is 70% of 2016 GDP (or 2016 GDP is 143% of 2016 GNI*).
See also
- ↑ "Central Bank Act, 1971". Irishstatutebook.ie. 28 July 1971. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ Previously the commercial Bank of Ireland, established in 1783, had been the government's banker.
- ↑ "1980 – Central Bank of Ireland, Dame Street, Dublin". Archiseek. Archived from the original on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
- ↑ "Central Bank of Ireland, Contact Us". Central Bank of Ireland. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- ↑ "Irish central bank sells old premises for €67 million". centralbanking.com. Central Banking Newsdesk. 2017-01-17. Retrieved 2017-01-18.
- ↑ https://www.centralbank.ie/publications/Documents/Strategic%20Plan%202016%20-%202018.pdf
- ↑ "Maurice O'Connell: Present Governor of Ireland's Central Bank". Moyvane.com. 1 January 2002. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ↑ "Dáil Éireann debate - Thursday, 23 Nov 2017". House of the Oireachtas. 23 November 2017.
Pearse Doherty: It was interesting that when [MEP] Matt Carthy put that to the Minister's predecessor (Michael Noonan), his response was that this was very unpatriotic and he should wear the green jersey. That was the former Minister's response to the fact there is a major loophole, whether intentional or unintentional, in our tax code that has allowed large companies to continue to use the double Irish [called single malt].
- 1 2 3 "Ireland : Lessons from Its Recovery from the Bank-Sovereign Loop". IMF. 23 October 2015.
- ↑ "Irish government debt four times pre-crisis level, NTMA says". 10 July 2017.
- ↑ "42% of Europe's banking crisis paid by Ireland". 16 January 2013.
- ↑ "CSO paints a very different picture of Irish economy with new measure". Irish Times. 15 July 2017.
- ↑ "New economic Leprechaun on loose as rate of growth plunges". Irish Independent. 15 July 2017.
- ↑ "Irish banks were "pulling on the green jersey" during financial crisis, trial told". Courts News Ireland. 10 February 2016.
A former Anglo Irish Bank director has told the trial of four senior bankers accused of conspiring to mislead investors that there was a "green jersey agenda" which involved banks working together to help each other out during the financial turmoil of 2008.
- ↑ "Ireland jails three top bankers over 2008 banking meltdown". Reuters. 29 July 2016.
Lawyers for the accused argued during the trial that their motivation in authorizing the deal was the "green jersey" agenda, the financial regulator's request for Irish banks to support one another as the financial crisis worsened.
- ↑ Judge ruled that it would not be right or practical to try to stop the Jury hearing about the "green jersey agenda"."Anglo verdict: Prosecution wanted 'green jersey' agenda removed". The Irish Times. 9 June 2016.
- ↑ "The green jersey merchants haven't gone away". The Irish Times. 11 July 2016.
We heard a lot about the "green jersey" agenda during the Anglo trial, which finished during the week. It is the name given to the drive to protect the financial system as the crisis hit, taking in the government, Civil Service, regulators, banks and beyond.
- ↑ "Former Regulator says Irish politicians mindless of IFSC risks in "green jersey" agenda". The Irish Times. 5 March 2018.
- ↑ "Bank of Ireland names former bookmaker boss as chairman". The Irish Times. 13 April 2018.
- 1 2 "Help-to-Buy scheme fuels surge in house prices". The Irish Independent. 3 April 2017.
- 1 2 "'Help-to-buy' scheme sees €24k surge in house prices". The Irish Examiner. 3 July 2017.
- ↑ "What will the new Central Bank mortgage regime mean to you?". The Irish Times. 28 January 2015.
- 1 2 "Mortgages: How to get around the Central Bank's borrowing rules". Irish Times. 19 April 2016.
- 1 2 "Borrow up to five times your income? No probs!". Irish Independent. 28 September 2014.
- 1 2 "First Time Buyer's How much can I borrow?". EDUC Mortgages. 2018.
- ↑ "Bank breaks 'tracker mortgage trap' by allowing movers keep cheap rates on new homes". The Irish Independent. 9 June 2018.
- 1 2 "'Section 110' Companies: A Success story for Ireland" (PDF). Professor Jim Stewart Cillian Doyle. 12 January 2017.
- ↑ "Ireland, Global Finance and the Russian Connection" (PDF). Professor Jim Stewart Cillian Doyle. 27 February 2018.
- ↑ "How Russian Firms Funnelled €100bn through Dublin". The Sunday Business Post. 4 March 2018.
- ↑ "More than €100bn in Russian Money funneled through Dublin". The Irish Times. 4 March 2018.
- ↑ "A third of Ireland's shadow banking subject to little or no oversight". The Irish Times. 10 May 2017.
- ↑ "Ireland is world's fourth-largest shadow banking hub". The Irish Times. 10 May 2017.
- ↑ "IMF queries lawyers and bankers on hundreds of IFSC boards". The Irish Times. 30 September 2016.
- ↑ "Central Bank landlord a vulture fund paying no Irish tax, says SF". Irish Independent. 28 August 2016.
- ↑ "Central Bank of Ireland publishes notice of intention to amend the requirements for Loan Origination Qualifying Investor AIF" (PDF). Dillon Eustace Law Firm. February 2018.
- ↑ "Tax-free funds once favoured by 'vultures' fall €55bn: Regulator attributes decline to the decision of funds to exit their so-called 'section 110 status'". Irish Times. 28 June 2018.
- 1 2 "Tax Avoidance and the Irish Balance of Payments". Council on Foreign Relations. 25 April 2018.
- ↑ "How tax havens turn economic statistics into nonsense". Quartz. 11 June 2018.
- ↑ "Piercing the Veil, FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT, JUNE 2018, VOL. 55, NO. 2". IMF Finance & Development. June 2018.
- 1 2 "CRISIS RECOVERY IN A COUNTRY WITH A HIGH PRESENCE OF FOREIGN OWNED COMPANIES" (PDF). IMK Institute, Berlin. January 2017.
- ↑ "Report of the Economic Statistics Review Group". Central Statistics Office. 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "Leprechaun-proofing economic data". RTE News. 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "Ireland Exports its Leprechaun". Council on Foreign Relations. 11 May 2018.
- ↑ "OECD Ireland Survey 2018" (PDF). OECD. March 2018.
- ↑ "National debt now €44000 per head". Irish Independent. 7 July 2017.
- ↑ "Tax breaks for commercial property will fuel bubble". Irish Independent. 6 November 2016.
They'll do this by making commercial property investment, mainly by large foreign landlords, entirely tax free. This will drive up commercial rents, suppress residential development, put Irish banks at risk, and deprive the State of much-needed funds.
- ↑ "Finance Bill Could Turn Commercial Property Bubble into next Crash". Stephen Donnelly T.D. 6 November 2016.
- ↑ "The commercial property bubble". Indymedia. 24 November 2016.
- ↑ "Commercial office bubble rising". Stephen Donnelly. November 2016.
- ↑ "Tax breaks for commercial property will fuel bubble". Irish Independent. 6 November 2016.
- ↑ "Loan Origination QIAIFs-Central Bank Consults". Dillon Eustace Law Firm. 14 July 2014.
ESRB: Nonetheless, if not subject to adequate macro- and micro-prudential regulation, this activity could grow rapidly and introduce new sources of financial stability risk. It could also raise the financial system's vulnerability to runs, contagion, excessive credit growthand pro-cyclicality.
- ↑ "'Irish commercial property is a bubble. I actually think we're overbuilding offices' – O'Brien". Irish Independent. 25 January 2018.
- ↑ "Davos: Varadkar disagrees with O'Brien over Dublin office bubble". Irish Times. 25 January 2018.
- ↑ "Irish government debt four times pre-crisis level, NTMA says". 10 July 2017.
- ↑ "42% of Europe's banking crisis paid by Ireland". 16 January 2013.
- ↑ "Who owes more money - the Irish or the Greeks?". Irish Times. 4 June 2015.
- ↑ "Why do the Irish still owe more than the Greeks?". Irish Times. 7 March 2017.
- ↑ "Ireland's colossal level of indebtedness leaves any new government with precious little room for manoeuvre". Irish Independent. 16 April 2016.
- ↑ "Net National debt now €44000 per head, 2nd highest in the World". Irish Independent. 7 July 2017.
- ↑ "Quarterly Statistical Release November 2017" (PDF). Central Bank of Ireland. November 2017.
- ↑ "Debt levels remain high following the crisis June FAR Slide 7" (PDF). Irish Fiscal Advisory Council. June 2017.
- ↑ "Section 1.2.2 Recent Fiscal Context June FAR Page 14" (PDF). Irish Fiscal Advisory Council. June 2017.
- ↑ "Future Implications of the Debt Rule" (PDF). Irish Fiscal Advisory Council. June 2014.
- ↑ Honohan, Patrick (1994). Currency Board or Central Bank: Lessons from the Irish pound's link with Sterling 1928–79 (PDF). London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. p. 2.
- ↑ "More euro in circulation than Irish pounds". RTÉ News. 11 January 2002. Retrieved 1 May 2007.
- ↑ "Bank officials in 2006 said stress tests were not stressful enough". Irish Examiner. 12 February 2015.
- ↑ "Central Bank aware of property bubble from 2004 – ex-employee". The Irish Times. 23 September 2015.
- ↑ "Central Bank 'ignored my warnings' before economic crash – ESRI's FitzGerald". Breaking News.ie. 11 February 2015.
- ↑ "Claim that Central Bank sought to gag economist on Northern Rock". The Sunday Business Post. 11 October 2015.
- ↑ "Central Bank 'watered down' warnings of property bubble". The Irish Examiner. 11 June 2015.
- ↑ Joint Committee of Inquiry into the Banking Crisis. Witness Statement of Frank Browne https://inquiries.oireachtas.ie/banking/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Frank-Browne-WSW.pdf
- ↑ Central Bank of Ireland- Financial Stability Report November 2007
- ↑ "John Hurley: Last of the breed". Irish Independent. 3 October 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ↑ White, Dan (15 July 2009). "I'd rely on astrologer Fergus more than Central Bank chief". Evening Herald. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ↑ Keenan, Columnists, Brendan (23 July 2009). "Fixing the Government is now more important than fixing our banks". Irish Independent. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ↑ Curran, Richard (26 July 2009). "The inquisitor". Sunday Business Post. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ↑ "Ahern admits to part in Irish crisis". Financial Times. 15 October 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ↑ "Admissions about lack of banking experience in regulator are shocking". The Irish Times. 11 June 2015.
- ↑ "Continental shift". The Economist. 4 November 2010.
- ↑ "Mad as hell at Ireland". The Irish Independent. 22 January 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ Archived 10 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Archived 4 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ McBride, Louise (1 April 2007). "Financial Regulator is questioned by own advisers". The Sunday Business Post. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ↑ "Watchdog blasted in its own confidential report". The Irish Independent. 7 October 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ Brian O'Mahony (8 October 2009). "Report exposes Financial Regulator's 'shortcomings'". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ "Wednesday Newspaper Review – Irish Business News and International Stories – – October 7, 2009". Finfacts.ie. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ "Report critical of Financial Regulator". The Irish Times. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ Murray, John (15 October 2009). "Ahern admits to part in Irish crisis". Financial Times. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ "Bertie Ahern: 'I don't consider myself a romantic person, maybe that was the problem'". The Irish Independent. 20 September 2009. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ "Watchdog tells of shock at lax levels of enforcement – Irish, Business". The Irish Independent. 15 April 2010. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
- ↑ "Regulator lacking top-level graduates". The Irish Independent. 18 April 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ "Minister for Finance Brian Lenihan TD announces major reform of the institutional structures for regulation of financial services in Ireland". Press Releases. Department of Finance. 18 June 2009. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ↑
- ↑ "Move to rules-based system will need a change in culture – Business, Frontpage – Independent.ie". Sbpost.ie. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ "I'd rely on astrologer Fergus more than Central Bank chief – Dan White, Columnists". Herald.ie. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
- ↑ "Ireland's biggest banks are getting a new regulator today and here's how it's going to work". thejournal.ie. 4 November 2014.
- ↑ https://www.centralbank.ie/press-area/press-releases%5CPages%5CStatement-ReportoftheCommitteeofInquiryintotheBankingCrisis.aspx
- ↑ https://www.centralbank.ie/press-area/press-releases/Documents/FAQ%20%E2%80%93%20New%20regulations%20on%20residential%20mortgage%20lending.pdf
- ↑ "What will the new Central Bank mortgage regime mean to you?". The Irish Times. 28 January 2015.
- ↑ http://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/central-bank-to-review-mortgage-rules-says-governor-1.2488855
- ↑ "REPORT OF THE ECONOMIC STATISTICS REVIEW GROUP" (PDF). Central Statistics Office. December 2016.
- ↑ "ESRG Presentation and CSO Response" (PDF). Central Statistics Office. 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "Leprechaun-proofing economic data". RTE News. 4 February 2017.
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All Jelena fans can now rest easy because Justin Bieber's whereabouts over Thanksgiving have been revealed, and even though he wasn't right by the side of his on-again flame Selena Gomez, news is just in that things are going smoothly between them.
The two had been inseparable even since Selena, 25, broke up with The weeknd, 27, and jumped right into the arms of her on-and-off guy, Justin Bieber, 23. But this Thanksgiving saw the Wolves singer in Texas, spending quality time with her family, without Justin.
Also read: Selena Gomez and Justin Bieber heating up their PDA game, share an intimate kiss
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Selena and Gracie! ? pic.twitter.com/AbsgjyJn5D— Selena Gomez News (@SelenaHQ) November 24, 2017
November 23: Selena & her family celebrating Thanksgiving at her house in Texas. pic.twitter.com/FZlZQaK4OD— Selena Gomez News (@SelenaHQ) November 24, 2017
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