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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) probably play the major role in controlling HIV replication. However, the value of adoptive transfer of HIV-specific CTL expanded in vitro to HIV+ patients has been limited: this contrasts with the success of CTL therapy in treating or preventing Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus disease after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We investigated the fate of expanded HIV-specific CTL clones in vivo following adoptive transfer to a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two autologous CTL clones specific for HIV Gag and Pol were expanded to large numbers (>109) in vitro and infused into an HIV-infected patient whose viral load was rising despite antiretroviral therapy. The fate of one clone was monitored by staining peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with T-cell receptor–specific tetrameric major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide complexes. Although the CTL transfer was well tolerated, there were no significant changes in CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts and virus load. By tracking an infused clone using soluble MHC-peptide complexes, we show that cells bearing the Gag-specific T-cell receptors were rapidly eliminated within hours of infusion through apoptosis. Thus, the failure of adoptively transferred HIV-specific CTL to reduce virus load in AIDS may be due to rapid apoptosis of the infused cells, triggered by a number of potential mechanisms. Further trials of adoptive transfer of CTL should take into account the susceptibility of infused cells to in vivo apoptosis.
SEVERAL INDEPENDENT observations suggest that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are critical for the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Virus-specific CTL can be detected early in HIV infection and are temporally associated with the rapid decreases in plasma virus load after primary infection.1,2 These early vigorous responses have been shown to drive the selection of viruses with mutations in the targeted epitopes, providing convincing evidence for CTL-directed pressure.3,4 CTL responses have also been detected in infants and sex workers with HIV exposure who remain uninfected, suggesting that CTL could be associated with clearance or prevention of infection in some patients.5,6 In a closely related animal model, the inhibition of CTL by infusion of CD8-blocking antibodies resulted in marked increases of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in the plasma and lymph nodes of infected macaques.7 More recently, a strong inverse correlation between plasma viral load and the numbers of circulating HIV-specific CTL, measured by the novel technique of soluble peptide-HLA tetramers which represent the target of CTL recognition, has been shown.8 Taken together, these and other reports are consistent with the view that CTL responses are an integral part of virus control.9
These observations raised the possibility that treating HIV-infected patients by the adoptive transfer of CTL could be beneficial, particularly because such therapy has proved to be safe and effective for the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients.10-12 However, the transfer of HIV-specific CTL lines or clones in HIV-infected patients, although also safe, has so far produced only modest results.13-15
We have transferred two autologous CTL clones specific for epitopes derived from Gag and Pol to a patient with a high virus load and clinical disease. To trace the fate of the infused cells in vivo, we have used soluble major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide molecules (tetramers) specific for the T-cell receptor (TCR) of one of the infused clones.
Patient 868 is a white homosexual male (HLA-A*0201, A*2401,B*2705,B*3501) who had been HIV+ for over 6 years and whose clinical course included episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and recurrent Herpes simplex infections. At transfer, the patient's CD4 count was 430/μL and he experienced symptoms such as fatigue and sweats, which were attributed to a high viral load only partially controlled by antiretroviral drugs. His medications included zidovudine, didanosine, and prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Ethical approval was obtained from Central Oxford Regional Ethics Committee and informed consent from the patient.
HIV-specific CTL oligoclonal lines were produced by incubating fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from the patient with irradiated, autologous EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) coated with peptides derived from Gag and Pol. Individual CTL clones were established by limiting dilution. Large-scale in vitro expansion of CTL was based on published methods.14 Cells were grown in tissue culture flasks, each containing the clone, irradiated allogeneic PBMC, irradiated allogeneic LCL, and anti-CD3 (OKT3, a gift from Orthoclone, Raritan, NJ). The culture medium was RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% human AB serum, glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin. Aliquots of cells and medium were sent for microbiological testing to ensure sterility. Chromium-51 (Cr-51) release assays were performed according to standard methods.
Anchored polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed as previously described to determine the TCR of each clone and establish clonality.16,17
Synthesis of MHC-peptide tetrameric complexes has been described.18 Purified HLA-A2 heavy chain and β2 microglobulin were synthesized using a bacterial expression system (pET; R&D Systems, Abingdon, Oxon, UK). The heavy chain was modified by the deletion of the transmembrane/cytosolic tail and the addition of a C-terminal sequence containing the BirA enzymatic biotinylation site. Heavy-chain, β2 microglobulin and peptide were refolded by dilution. The 45-kD refolded product was isolated by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and biotinylated by BirA. Streptavidin-phycoerythrin conjugate (Leinco Technologies, St. Louis, MO) was added and the tetrameric product was concentrated to 1 mg/mL.
The CTL clones were phenotyped by dual-staining with phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (Dako, Cambridgeshire, UK) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-CD3 (Dako), anti-CD28 (Immunotech, Westbrook, ME), or anti-Fas MoAb, and analyzed on a Becton Dickinson FACScan using Cellquest software (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA). Negative isotype control MoAbs were FITC- and PE-conjugated MoAbs of irrelevant specificity (Dako). CD4 and CD8 cell counts were done in a clinical immunology laboratory by standard methods. The plasma HIV-RNA concentrations were determined using a commercial PCR assay (Roche Amplicor, Branchburg, NJ).
To analyze apoptosis in vivo, PBMC were stained with 3 μL of PE-conjugated A2 Gag-specific tetramer (1 mg/mL) and 2 μL of Tricolour-conjugated anti-CD8 (Caltag, Burlingame, CA) at 4°C for 30 minutes. After two washes the cells were stained with 100 μL Annexin-V-Fluos (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany) for 15 minutes and analyzed by flow cytometry as described above. In this study, the gate was set on live cells, which removes more than 90% of the necrotic cell population (data not shown).
HIV-specific clones.
Two HLA A*0201-restricted CTL clones derived from patient 868 were selected for adoptive transfer. The first recognized the immunodominant HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope from Gag p17-8, SLYNTVATL,19and the other recognized a conserved but infrequently recognized epitope from Pol, VIYQYMDDL.20 Both the A2 Gag clone and the A2 Pol clone expressed CD3, CD8, and Fas, but not CD28 (Fig1A). Dual staining of the A2 Gag clone with soluble MHC-Gag tetramer and anti-CD8 confirmed its specificity (Fig1B), but attempts to stain clone 10 failed because of the instability of the Pol-tetramer complex, thought to be a consequence of the low affinity of this epitope for HLA A*0201 (data not shown). Thus, the Vα and Vβ usage and complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of the clone was determined by sequencing using anchored PCR. Of 18 transcripts sequenced, all contained the same CDR3 nucleotide segment corresponding to Vα22/Jα9.11 and Vβ13.3/Jβ2.3/Cβ2 (Fig 1C), thereby providing evidence of clonality.
Adoptive transfer.
The A2 Gag and Pol clones were grown to 1.1 × 109 and 1.7 × 109 cells, respectively, for adoptive transfer and the expanded clones were shown to have maintained both HIV-specific cytotoxic activity and an ability to suppress HIV replication in vitro (not shown). The cells were infused into a peripheral vein over a period of 30 minutes. The transfer was well tolerated except for a single episode of chills and rigors within 4 to 6 hours of infusion which rapidly subsided: the patient was subsequently well.
CD4/CD8 and virus loads postinfusion.
Table 1 shows the peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts and the virus load before and after adoptive transfer. Despite the substantial number of specific CTL infused, the number of CD8+ cells had not increased at 1 hour or 20 hours after infusion, and there were no significant changes in the virus load following therapy.
|+1 h
|+20 h
|+48 h
|+7 d
|+14 d
|+21 d
|CD4 (cells/μL)
|CD8 (cells/μL)
|Virus load (RNA copies/mL)
|+1 h
|+20 h
|+48 h
|+7 d
|+14 d
|+21 d
|CD4 (cells/μL)
|CD8 (cells/μL)
|Virus load (RNA copies/mL)
CD4 and CD8 counts were measured by flow cytometry and plasma viral load was measured using the Roche Amplicor assay.
Abbreviation: ND, not determined.
Tracking clone 19 in vivo.
PBMC obtained from the patient before and after adoptive transfer were stained with the TCR-specific tetramer (which recognizes the TCR on the A2 Gag clone) and CD8-tricolor (Fig2). Parallel studies were done using a tetramer of HLA-B35 complexed with an HIV Env peptide, for which CTL were not infused. Tetramer-positive cells accounted for 1.6% of CD8 cells in the patient before the infusion, and this increased to 2.2% after infusion. Because 2.5 × 105 staining events were measured at each time-point with the same reagents under the same conditions, this represents a real and substantial increase in tetramer-positive cells of 37%. This is close to what would be expected assuming total body CD8+ T cells were 2 × 1011 preinfusion, so that an additional 1.1 × 109 cells were added to 3.2 × 109 preexisting tetramer-positive cells. To determine the percentage of Gag-specific CTL undergoing cell death, tetramer-positive cells from the patient were costained with CD8-tricolor and a marker of apoptosis, Annexin V-FITC (Fig 3). The proportion of dead tetramer-positive cells showed a massive increase from 29% before infusion to over 90% of cells 48 hours after infusion.
The utility of adoptive transfer for the treatment and prevention of EBV and CMV infections in patients immunosuppressed after BMT11,12,21 suggested that a similar strategy might be useful in HIV: early reports of infusion of nonspecific, autologous CD8+ cells to HIV-infected patients showed the method to be generally safe, although it had little impact on viral replication.22,23 However, subsequent studies using HIV-specific CTL lines and clones produced only modest or even detrimental outcomes.13-15
We have taken advantage of the recently developed peptide-HLA tetramer technology to follow the fate of a transferred CTL clone and understand its apparent lack of in vivo efficacy. The number of cells we infused represented close to 1% of the patient's total CD8+cells, which is a high frequency even for HIV+ subjects and should reasonably be expected to have a significant impact on viral replication: however, virus load remained unchanged. We then used fluorescently labeled, tetrameric HLA-A*0201-Gag molecules, which by binding to the TCR of the infused clone permit specific staining of these CTL from patient PBMC samples, to examine the survival of the clone after infusion. There was only a short-lived increase, from a total of 1.6% to 2.2% in the tetramer-stained CD8+ cells after infusion. This near-40% increase at the earliest time-point postinfusion, although substantial, is less than the predicted increase of 62%, suggesting that some cells were eliminated or sequestered very early. By costaining patient PBMC with anti-CD8, tetramer, and Annexin V, we determined that the CTL were being rapidly eliminated through apoptosis, with over 90% of tetramer-positive cells dying within 48 hours.
In mouse models, adoptive CTL transfer is effective in controlling infection with influenza and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and the infused cells appear both to survive and expand24-26: this is facilitated by prior depletion of lymphocytes by irradiation, which may provide a stimulus for repopulation of lymphoid tissue.27 Successful adoptive transfer in humans has been limited so far to BMT recipients, whose own immune system has been ablated and in whom cell transfer is performed in a setting of an actively regenerating immune system: this is in contrast to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients or recipients of solid-organ transplants. In addition, it is often resting spleen cells that are transferred in murine experiments, whereas we used antigen-stimulated, cultured CTL, which may possess different characteristics because of the procedures necessary for in vitro expansion. The development of the mature, stimulated phenotype seen in our clones, characterized by upregulation of Fas and absence of CD28 expression, may be a result of overstimulation of HIV-specific lymphocytes both in vivo (before culture) and in vitro, and may render them particularly susceptible to premature apoptosis, particularly in the absence of sufficient interleukin-2 (IL-2). Hamann et al28 have previously described two populations of primed, memory CTL and, interestingly, the CD28− subset is dependent on exogenous cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-15 for proliferation. While this may affect the long-term survival of infused clones, it does not address the rapid death of the cells. The rapid turnover of HIV-specific CTL in vivo was confirmed by our observation that before transfer, 29% of the Gag-specific cells were undergoing cell death. The infusion of nearly 40% more CTL did not alter the antiviral response; instead, a higher percentage of tetramer-positive cells underwent apoptosis after infusion, implying that a cascade of antigen-specific cell death was triggered. Follow-up of the patient 40 days after cell transfer indicated that the number of Gag-specific CTL had not returned to pretreatment levels (data not shown), and suggests that the lost CTL were not replenished by expansion of naive cells.
Interestingly, a previous trial of adoptive transfer in which a single Nef-specific clone was infused in large numbers to a patient with AIDS showed that the clone was apparently driving the selection of viruses containing deletions in the targeted Nef epitope.13 The selection of escape mutants in this setting implies that the infused CTL survived in vivo and exerted pressure on HIV-infected cells. However, some of the cell infusions in that trial were accompanied by very large doses of IL-2, raising the possibility that the survival of CTL in vivo is contingent on CD4+ T-cell help, mediated predominantly through IL-2: this is likely to be absent or dysfunctional in HIV-infected patients. The suggestion that CTL require proper CD4+ cell function for optimal activity is supported by data in mice and humans. In mice with a null mutation of CD4, infection by LCMV leads to rapid disappearance of antiviral CTL and poor control of viral replication.29Similarly, in immunosuppressed patients whose anti-CMV cellular immunity was restored by adoptive transfer, CTL activity correlated with the level of CMV-specific CD4+ T cells.12,30 This hypothesis is also supported by recent data which show that HIV-1–specific CD4+ proliferative responses to p24 are inversely related to viral load.31
The control of lymphocyte life span is thought to be dependent on the regulated expression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor family molecule, Fas, which induces a signal cascade leading to cellular apoptosis upon activation by Fas ligand.32 We and others have shown that SIV and HIV-infected cells upregulate FasL, enabling them to reverse-kill antigen-specific CTL in a Fas-dependent manner.33 We also confirmed that both infused clones showed in vitro susceptibility to apoptosis induced by a Fas-ligand–expressing cell line (data not shown). This may represent another mechanism by which CTL are eliminated that probably merits further investigation, particularly for trials of adoptive therapy for malignancies in which Fas ligand is frequently upregulated.
Because trials of adoptive cell transfer in HIV are laborious and infrequent, the generality of these finding will need to be confirmed by different groups. Subsequent trials should take into account the vulnerability of cells cultured in vitro to apoptosis and use means for quantifying their survival in vivo. These data also suggest coinfusion of IL-2 may increase the survival of CTL. Engineering apoptosis-resistant antigen-specific CTL may circumvent the obstacle, but the success of this strategy depends on better elucidating the mechanisms of cell death in vivo.
We thank the patient for his generous cooperation, the Wycombe GUM Clinic for provision of blood samples, Dr Graham Bird for CD4/CD8 flow cytometry, and Dr S. Riddell and K. Watanabe for their very helpful technical advice.
R.T. and X.X. contributed equally to this work.
Supported by the UK Medical Research Council. R.T. was a Samuel McLaughlin Fellow of Canada, and S.R.-J. is an MRC Senior Fellow.
The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Author notes
Address reprint requests to Sarah Rowland-Jones, MD, Molecular Immunology Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.


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Children today are exposed to much more trauma than we were twenty or thirty years ago, and that's why child trauma counselling is such an important tool to help them cope. Once off events, such as sexual abuse, domestic violence, bullying, life-threatening illnesses, natural disasters, or war can leave a child scarred for life.
Long-term exposure to poverty, verbal abuse or milder types of abuse are traumatic too, in fact that can be as devastating to a child as a single catastrophic event.
As with adults, every child has a different way of dealing with similar circumstances or events. Not every person who experiences the same event will become traumatized, but exposure to trauma can result in a variety of symptoms including nightmares, bedwetting, anxiety, depression, disdain for authority, poor grades, moodswings, substance abuse, and self-harm.
Both cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a range of other therapies can be helpful in treating children who have been exposed to short term trauma. Therapists will usually work with the child on a one-on-one basis to help the child restructure negative thought patterns and self esteem (in the case of abuse, etc.) before calling in the family for family counselling. Family counselling is a great way for the family to find common ground, build problem-solving skills and to help the parents to re-establish themselves as the authority figures in the home.
If you are looking for a counsellor or psychologist with specialized traing in trauma counselling for children you may want to search the directory to find a professional whose approach will suit you best.
Sexual assault or abuse in childhood often causes psychological and emotional difficulties as the victim grows up. A child who is abused by a parent, is likely to suffer from severe anxiety, low self-esteem, uncontrollable anger, depression and intimacy issues. However, sexual assault is not limited to children, and it can harm an adult emotionally too.
Immediately after sexual assault, a person may not immediately experience pain or fear. They may even experience moments of pleasure, which can cause a lot of confusion and inner turmoil. They may feel betrayed if the abuser is a relative or acquaintance, but at the same time, feel guilty for reporting the sexual assault and getting the abuser in trouble. Abusers often lie to their victims, or reward them, and threats can deepen the emotional trauma.
A victim of sexual assault will often have trouble coping with relationships that are growing close, or with people physically touching them. When starting a relationship, memories will start to occur and they will cause trouble with intimacy in the relationship. Some people who have experienced sexual assault will become promiscuous, which can cause even more guilt.
It is essential for sexual assault survivors to receive counselling from a professional psychologist who is experienced in sexual assault. A therapist will help the victim to work through emotions and help clarify his or her choices. Working through the emotions of anger, guilt and shame will help to facilitate emotional healing. EMDR has been proven a very effective treatment for post traumatic stress disorder in sexual assault victims.
If you are looking for a counsellor or psychologist who offers sexual assault counselling to address your emotional healing issues you may want to search the directory to find a professional whose approach will suit you best.
Narrative Therapy, Observed Experiential Integration (OEI)
Narrative Therapy provides clients the opportunity to regain their ability to develop positive relationships by healing past wounds. It can be used in individual, family, adoption and couples contexts.
This type of therapy offers a respectful and non-blaming approach which acknowledges each person as the author of his or her own life. Narrative therapy assumes that people have a range of inner resources that help them deal with difficulties and problems in their lives.
Narrative therapy can be used with children, adults, in groups, couples and individuals. It can help them cope with traumatic events without the need to discuss it directly.
If you are looking for a therapist who offers Narrative Therapy, please browse our list of practitioners below..
Observed Experiential Integration (OEI) is an effective therapy for people who have experienced trauma, or who have negative thoughts and beliefs to eradicate. It is one of the quicker therapies for this type of issue.
Observed Experiential Integration (OEI) has evolved out of EMDR integrates the visual pathways and both of the brain hemispheres to reduce anxiety and trauma.
During therapy, the client covers or uncovers a single eye at a time, while following the therapist's moving fingers with their eyes. This exercise integrates the two brain hemispheres to allow information to easily travel through the sensory processors and emotional processors.
If you are looking for a therapist who offers Observed Experiential Integration (OEI), please browse our list of practitioners below..
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Veggie Grower
Still trying to post photos
Having problems getting a photo posted to my blog. Have downloaded something to help me, all looked good for a while, then nothing happened. Had a nice picture of some rhubarb to show you all. Don't give up on me!
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ClickFind your business in Dianella WA 6059 Australia, search reviews, contact details including phone numbers, maps with locations and address of local businesses. If you are planning a visit to Dianella Australia here are some of the attractions nearby that you can enjoy while you are there.
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vintage book leather mary bartley r.d. blackmore copyrigh... Read more
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Rua Ouvidor
sold out
Rua Ouvidor
Dyed Polish linen, buttons, jade beads, topaz beads, thread, parrot feathers, faux flower and leaves made in East Berlin.
"Of the remaining streets the Rua Misericorda and the Rua Ouvidor are the most interesting. The latter contains the finest and largest shops; but we must not expect the magnificent establishments we behold in the cities of Europe—in fact, we meet with little that is beautiful or costly. The flower-shops were the only objects of particular attraction for me. In these shops are exposed for sale the most lovely artificial flowers, made of birds' feathers, fishes' scales, and beetles' wings."
CHAPTER II. ARRIVAL AND SOJOURN IN RIO JANEIRO. - A Woman's Journey round the World by Ida Laura Phieffer, 1850
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Brown also said that on June 13 , "a modified Iranian SA-7 surface-to-air missile attempted to shoot down" a U.S. MQ-9 drone over the Gulf of Oman in an effort to disrupt surveillance of the "IRGC attack" on Kokuka Courageous - one of two oil tankers attacked in the area that day. Read More »
Boris Johnson bid gets support from former rival
Mr Masterton broke with Matt Hancock, whom he had supported before the health secretary dropped out of the race. The fifth candidate, International Development Secretary Rory Stewart, said that he would press ahead with the current agreement even though it has been rejected by parliament three times this year in a process that has forced out the current Prime Minister Theresa May . Read More »
US releases new photos it says incriminate Iran in tanker attacks
The United States also blamed Iran for attacks on four tankers roughly a month prior to the Gulf of Oman attacks. Pompeo has said that a new deployment of US troops to the Middle East is an option in response to last week's attack. Under this policy, reactions from Iran - such as the tanker attacks or increased uranium enrichment - are not only expected, but are, in essence, a self-fulfilling prophecy. Read More »
Trump ABC Interview Beat in Ratings By Celebrity Family Feud
And they don't know how to analyze these Trump voters because they don't like talking to the media because they know the media is like 90% negative coverage of their president". "No, at some point I might", Trump continued , when asked if he would willingly turn over his tax documents. There are other gems in the rambling transcript from Stephanopoulos's interview with Trump, including his answer about how much sleep he gets a night (4 to 5 hours, Trump says) and if he's "a big breakfast ... Read More »
Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez says pressure to impeach Trump is growing
According to Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, female voters are uncomfortable with the prospect of Joe Biden being the 2020 Democrat nominee. Ironically, Amazon raised its minimum wage to $15 per hour previous year in response to a steady drumbeat of criticism from Sen. Read More »
Boeing apologizes for Max crashes as Airbus rakes in sales
Airbus said on Monday that the plane's additional range, which opens up routes such as India to Europe or China to Australia, would allow airlines to operate a single-aisle aircraft on intercontinental journeys that are only now possible on larger and less fuel-efficient wide-body planes. Read More »
Parkland Survivor Who Made Racist Remarks Gets Bad News
Asked for comment, Harvard said "we do not comment publicly on the admissions status of individual applicants". Kyle Kashuv , who became a pro-gun conservative activist after the mass shooting in March past year, tweeted on Monday that Harvard "has chose to rescind my admission over texts and comments" made before the massacre. Read More »
Trump Campaign Kicks Off 2020 Bid by Dumping Pollsters After Low Numbers
Mr Stephanopoulos was quizzing Mr Trump about the ongoing efforts by House Democrats to subpoena his tax statements, which the president has so far refused to release to the public. Yesterday, The New York Times reported that the president's campaign, furious over the data leak, was cutting ties to three of its five pollsters. Read More »
China's President Xi to visit North Korea this week
It will be Xi's first trip to North Korea since taking power in 2012, though he visited the country as vice president in 2008. Xi and Kim will "push for new progress" in a political resolution of the Korean peninsula issue, according to CCTV, which cited an unnamed official. Read More »
Supreme Court Hands Democrats a Win in Virginia Gerrymandering Case
The Klein petition was filed by the Texas-based law firm First Liberty in October and been pending before the Supreme Court for almost a year. "This is a victory for Aaron and Melissa Klein and for religious liberty for all Americans", said Kelly Shackelford, president of First Liberty Institute, a cause lawyering firm that represents the Klein family. Read More »
Indian magician feared drowned as Houdini-inspired stunt goes wrong
Harry Houdini was a Hungarian-born American stuntman who became a sensation in the early 20th century with daredevil feats including escaping from a crate lowered into the East River in NY in 1912. Meanwhile, twitter users in different parts of the world are expressing shock at the incident. "He tied his legs and hands with chains and went into the river with the help of a crane", said a police official, according to the Deccan Herald . Read More »
Trump reacts to increasing of Uranium production by Iran
But Iran has repeatedly criticised delays in setting up a European mechanism that would shield trade with Iran from US sanctions in an effort to save the nuclear deal. (Even John Bolton is willing to entertain diplomacy with Iran now, for cripes sake.) Meanwhile, Trump has reportedly all but ruled out war , recognizing that it would betray his pledge in 2016 to put America first by reducing foreign entanglements. Read More »
What Chinese Citizens Have Learned About Hong Kong's Protests
Wong became the face of the 2014 pro-democracy protests which called for the city to pick its own leaders. Protest organizers said nearly two million people - out of Hong Kong's population of around seven million - turned out on Sunday to demand that Lam resign , in what is becoming the most significant challenge to China's relationship with the territory since 1997. Read More »
Johnson absent from two Tory leadership race debates
But others mistrust him for his long record of misleading and false statements, verbal blunders and erratic performance in high office. "We're choosing a prime minister and the public has the right to hear from us and judge who had the qualities to be Prime Minister", he insisted. Read More »
Pakistan provincial gov't live streams presser with 'cat filter' on
The online stream of regional minister Shaukat Yousafzai speaking with journalists went viral after a member of his social media team accidentally activated the filter on the social network. The Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party was streaming the conference from northwest Pakistan . One Twitter user joked that there are now, apparently, cats in Pakistan's cabinet. Read More »
1 dead, 5 wounded as gunman opens fire on Pa. graduation party
The victims included three boys, ages 15, 16, 17, a 16-year-old girl, a 21-year-old man, and a 24-year-old man. The children are all believed to have been suffered gunshot wounds mostly to the legs, and their injuries aren't believed to be life-threatening. Read More »
Egypt's former president Mohamed Morsi dies in court
His body was taken to a hospital, state TV said. Morsi had been on trial for espionage and treason when he blacked out in the courtroom, reports said. He was then unseated on July 3 by a military coup council consisting of Defense Minister Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, opposition leader Mohamed ElBaradei, the Grand Imam of Al Azhar Ahmed el-Tayeb, and Coptic Pope Tawadros II. Read More »
West Bengal junior doctors end strike after meeting Mamata Banerjee
Considering everything, we expect the government to solve the issues as discussed in due time. In a show of solidarity, medical practitioners across the country chose not to work, leaving patients in the lurch. She also directed the state officials to avoid chaotic situations and ensure that more than two people doesn't enter the emergency ward at a time. "See if a third person can be involved who can absorb the information from the doctors and pass it to patient party". Read More »
Saudi Crown Prince Accuses Rival Iran of Tanker Attacks
Japan has been seeking more concrete evidence through various channels, including Foreign Minister Taro Kono who is likely to have made the request during a call with his counterpart on Friday, the sources said . On Saturday, Associated Press journalists saw the crew members of the Norwegian-owned oil tanker MT Front Altair arrive at Dubai International Airport, after spending two days in Iran. Read More »
Boeing says 'sorry' for Max crashes, seeks renewed trust
Boeing CEO Dennis Muilenburg said Sunday there is still no clear schedule for when the company's 737 Max planes will be cleared to fly again and acknowledged communications about the plane with regulators and the airlines were "unacceptable". Read More »
Pompeo Says US 'Will Guarantee' Passage through Strait of Hormuz
Oil prices rose on Monday after US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said Washington will take all actions necessary to guarantee safe navigation in the Middle East, as tensions mounted following attacks on tankers last week. "The intelligence community has lots of data, lots of evidence ", he said. The June 13 attacks followed weeks of simmering tension in the region between Iran and the U.S. Read More »
Afghan govt frees 490 Taliban prisoners across country
There was at least one child among the fatalities, while three other minors were wounded. The Taliban has held talks with prominent Afghans, including former President Hamid Karzai and members of opposition political parties, but so far they have refused to hold direct discussions with members of the Afghan government, calling them USA puppets. Read More »
Five Democrats Best Trump In New Fox News Poll
The NBC/WSJ poll of 1,000 adults was conducted June 8-11 and had a margin of error of plus or minus 3.1 percentage points. When Trump was asked about Biden - the most promising Democrat campaigning for president - during his ABC News interview, he claimed they were "fake polls". Read More »
Pompeo blames Iran for tanker attacks
But Larijani, speaking in the Iranian parliament, said it was "comical" that the U.S. was urging Iran to turn to diplomacy after launching a "full-scale economic war" against the country. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called on Friday to conduct an independent investigation to determine who is responsible for the attacks on two oil tankers in the Gulf of Oman . Read More »
Trump slams NYT report on U.S. cyber attacks against Russian Federation
The times reports the incursion into Russia's power grid seems to have been done under new legal authorities in the military authorization bill Congress passed past year. In his latest clash with The New York Times , the U.S. president once again slammed the "failing" outlet as "the enemy of the people" on Twitter and insisted that it committed "an act of treason" by publishing a story on alleged United States cyber-attacks against the Russian grid. Read More »


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A aa aaa aaaa aaacn aaah aaai aaas aab aabb aac aacc aace aachen aacom aacs aacsb aad aadvantage aae aaf aafp aag aah aai aaj aal muslim aalborg aalib aaliyah goochland aall aalto aam. January 28, at 3: 56 PM EST - Updated June 23 at 7: 34 AM. Muslims in Richmond celebrate Islamic events, Virginia can meet to understand Islam, meet other Americans. Rokkitwear is an Official School Apparel Store: Buy your qality GOOCHLAND HIGH SCHOOL Ladies Sweatpants with your school logo and mascot. Goochland County ( Va. Footville muslim single goochland women; Agadir lesbian singles; Muslim single men in prospect heights; muslim Opelousas divorced singles;. 15 Of The muslim Richest Women in The World! Inmate killed at women' s prison in muslim Goochland.
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Goochland Christian Men. Goochland Christian men is a group created to encourage, minister, empower, and proclaim the message of Jesus Christ. Meet The Woman Who Learned That Her.


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Uncooled CCD cameras
Showing all 6 results
2.0MP Color Digital CCD USB 2.0 Camera, ST3000C
he ST3000C USB mini series are ultra-compact, progressive scan cameras with color CCD's. It features hardware and software triggering, image capture, digital zoom and a feature-rich user based menu setup and control. These cased models are available with a rear mini-USB connector.SKU: ST3000C
Jenoptik ProgRes CF/MF Cool/Scan USB/FireWire 1.4MP 2/3″ 6.45μm/pixel CCD Research Camera
The ProgRes® Research cameras are furnished with sensitive CCD color or monochrome sensors and have been optimized for applications in exacting tasks, especially in the research field. Brilliant images even with low-light specimen are granted due to the high sensitivity of these models. High live image frame rates as well as a broad dynamic range provide expeditious and smooth workflow. Optionally available with cooling these cameras are also suitable for low-noise long-time exposures.SKU: Jneoptik Research CCD
Showing all 6 results


text: Nancy Gish wrote: > One might add that "living a religion"--whatever that may mean for > Christians, since we all know many profess and pronounce while acting > in ways that would presumably appall Jesus--is not a requirement for > understanding, experiencing, or fully appreciating poetry. I don't myself know that that is true or untrue. How do you know that to "fully appreciate" poetry does not require "living a religion"? The circuitry of that sentence is one whose wiring I'd like to see revealed. Not because I believe the opposite to be true; I don't. But I'm interested to know the underpinning of such a statement, if there is any. How, specifically, can you tell when someone is fully appreciating poetry? > If that were true, none of us could read any poetry except that which > affirmed our own religion or sense of the g No, you're changing the terms. Surely "reading poetry" is not the same as "fully appreciating" poetry. Surely there are degrees. > It would be a pretty impoverished world. That remains to be seen. Ken A


text:
LIVERPOOL legend David Fairclough loved every minute of watching his former club humiliate Manchester United in their own back yard and cracked open the champagne to celebrate, writes Kieran Gill.
The Anfield legend was at Old Trafford to watch Brendan Rodgers's side hammer David Moyes's new club 3-0, with a pair of Steven Gerrard penalties and a Luis Suarez goal sealing the win.
And Fairclough, who won the First Division title six times in his eight years with Liverpool, thinks it's time the Red Devils are knocked off their perch.
"Man United are our huge rivals and it's see-sawed down the years," said Fairclough.
"We've had generations where we've dominated and they certainly had their times, but there's a wind of change to put them back where we want to see them.
"There's a huge feel-good factor for Liverpool fans today.
"I was there and we had a glass of champagne after the game.
"It was fantastic to see them hugely embarrassed like that and their fans, having to chant about the 20 things, was most annoying but that's all they could come at us with. They're chasing shadows."
Rodgers's side went into the clash at Old Trafford as favourites and Fairclough, like any other Liverpool fan, was relishing the prospect of teaching their rivals a lesson.
But Fairclough admitted he wasn't as confident once he got into the sold-out Theatre of Dreams.
"I thought we were going to win going into it but once I arrived, I didn't like the feeling of being heavy favourites," he said.
"A number of Man United fans came up to me and said they fancied it today so it gave me nerves.
"I much prefer the feeling of going there as slight underdogs rather than it being heavily weighted to our side."
Gerrard nearly bagged a hat-trick of penalties when he sent United goalkeeper David De Gea the wrong way, only for the Liverpool captain's third spot-kick effort to hit the post.
But Fairclough, who started his career with Liverpool after coming through as a youth, was adamant the title would be the least the skipper deserves.
"Stevie's had a fantastic season and the one or two stages when people were trying to write him off were outrageous," he said.
"He showed what a class act he is. It would be a great shame if he was never to achieve winning the title because he's done everything else.
"This is a massive opportunity for him and it would be fantastic. He does deserve it but it's not that easy."
More on LFC today:
Man United 0-3 Liverpool match report : Reds daring to dream of title glory
What we learned from the Reds' emphatic win at Old Trafford
Suarez and Agger tweets show high and low of Man United win


text:
in Denmark with
the help of love-lorn
CIA spy Locs (aka
Lorraine). The reason:
an impressionable
and lonely immigrant takes offense
at Jens's drawing of
Muhammed with a
bomb in his turban,
hovering above the "happiest people in
the world... frowning inexpertly." And so
begins the transformation of clueless cultural criminal and eternal optimist Jens
into Henry Larsen, a Broomeville, N. Y.,
high school guidance counselor. Henry
woos Ellen, a heartbroken bar owner.
Meanwhile, Locs is futilely and obsessively in love with Ellen's husband, Matty, a
school principal. These mismatches set off
a violent chain reaction of discovery and
revenge. As Henry's world comes undone,
the identities of his unlikely protectors
are revealed in a hilarious series of bloody
blunders. The bizarre moose-eye view
opening to this culture-clash horror tale
expertly sets the tone for what's to come.
Clarke dazzles with a dizzying study in
extremes, cruising at warp speed between
bleak and optimistic, laugh-out-loud funny and unbearable sadness. His comedy of
errors is impossible to put down.
Harlequin's Millions
Bohumil Hrabal, trans. from the Czech by Stacey
Knecht. Archipelago (Random, dist.), $18 trade paper
(260p) ISBN 978-0-981955-73-5
A surreal and loquacious tale by Hrabal(I Served the King of England) takes placein a retirement home tucked within asmall Czech castle. After selling theirvilla, a nameless woman and her husband,Francin, become the home's newest resi-dents. Though familiar with the castle—Francin's older brother, Pepin, who is ill,has lived there for several months—thepair still find themselves adjusting to thenew environment. While Francin envel-ops himself with news of the world, hiswife—Hrabal's narrator—explores thecastle, discovering secret statue gardens,beautiful battle tapestries hung in theeating hall, and a trio of men (known asthe "witnesses to old times") who whiskher away with tales of their shared home,a "little town where time stood still,"visible from the castle windows. As thenarrative unspools (while the record"Harlequin's Millions" plays nonstopat the home), the backstory of Francinand his wife takes shape. But Hrabal ismore interested in constructing a bookof memories: his narrator and the peoplearound her frequently recall past tri-umphs and humiliations, former friendsand acquaintances. Billed as "a fairy tale,"the novel, at times, fancifully confoundsexpectations: a visiting doctor's lessonon classical music turns into a psychoticrampage, for example. And Hrabal's long,lyrical sentences (each chapter consists ofa single paragraph) are not only exqui-sitely constructed but also as spirited asthe scenes they illustrate.
The High Divide
Lin Enger. Algonquin, $24.95 (352p) ISBN 978-1-
In this masterfully told western reinvention of Homer's Odyssey from Enger
(Undiscovered Country), the year is 1886
when Ulysses Pope disappears from the
family farm on Minnesota's northern
plains, leaving his wife, Gretta, and their
sons, Eli and Danny, to fend for themselves. Eli and Danny hop a train west,
following a meager trail of clues in search
of their missing father. Gretta remains
at home a while longer before going to
see her sister-in-law in St. Louis in her
own quest for answers. Gretta and her
sons slowly uncover Ulysses's dark secrets
from his time in the Seventh Cavalry
under Custer. The brothers head further
west, through the Badlands and into the
Montana Territory, eventually meeting
up with William T. Hornaday, who has
mounted an expedition to kill one of the
last buffalo and put it on display at the
Smithsonian. Eli joins Hornaday's expedition, bringing him closer to a confrontation with his father and to learning about
Ulysses's troubled past. Set against a
backdrop of beauty and danger, this is the
moving story of a man coming to terms
with his past. In its narrative simplicity
and emotional directness, it is reminiscent of John Ford's classic The Searchers.
Rachel Cantor. Melville (Random, dist.), $14.95 trade
paper (256p) ISBN 978-1-61219-264-2
Leonard is an exemplary "Listener" in
his job manning the complaints hotline
for the Pythagorean pizza chain, Neetsa
Pizza. He is satisfied working from home
and has not ventured outside in over three
years. His sister Carol says the world is
broken, but Leonard's chooses to believe
"bits of the world might be damaged,
but never permanently so," and makes it
"his mission, through Listening, to heal
some part of it." Everything changes with
a call from Marco, an imprisoned explorer returned from Cathay who refuses
Leonard's pizza coupons and forces him to
deviate from his safe,
calculated responses.
Cantor's wildly inventive debut novel
is a mix of the comical and mystical, in
a future ruled by
fast-food conglomerates run by competing, antiquated sects. When Carol leaves
Leonard with her son to attend missions
with her book club, Leonard must finally
leave the comforts of home to face the tumultuous world outside. Rife with deadpan humor and memorable characters
mixed with time travel and supernatural
powers, Cantor suspends disbelief and
creates a loony world entirely of her own,
which is terrifically funny and effortlessly
enjoyable. This highly entertaining and
adventurous tale will leave readers rooting for Leonard to save the world, with or
without his coupons.
A History of Hands
Rod Val Moore. Univ. of Massachusetts, $19.95 paper
(240p) ISBN 978-1-62534-096-2
Moore (Brittle Star) artfully weaves this
unusual family tale, set on a failing farm
in California in the midst of a blighted
year. One ill-fated day, which begins with
an ominous warning from the narrator,
everything changes. Having previously
suffered from rose dust poisoning, the
son, Virgil, already "too old to live with
his parents" but dependent on them nevertheless, falls to the ground and cannot
get up as he has lost all sensation in his
arms. A suspicious elderly doctor, who
is "superannuated and frail" but oddly
energentic, arrives with his young aide
Stuart to heal Virge's affliction free of
charge. Narrated with finesse, the tem-


text:
After 27 years of service, graphic communication professor Mike Blum has retired from teaching.
Blum, known as the "Digital Guru," helped to create partnerships with the Cal Poly Graphic Communication Department and Apple, Adobe and Macromedia as well as other software companies. He also "developed and coordinated the graphic communication concentrations in computers and printing technology, electronic publishing and imaging and Web and digital media," as well as "(introduced) the graphic communication minor and developed a general education course on web and print publishing," according to a press release.
Harvey Levenson, graphic communication department chair, said he worked with Blum from the beginning of his career at Cal Poly in 1984, and that he is "unquestionably one of the most knowledgeable people in the world in the area of digital imaging."
"You don't replace a person like him," Levenson said. "He's the type where he's going out in a blaze of glory. No slow down whatsoever."
Although Blum will retire from teaching, Levenson said he will have a lasting influence on the department. With accomplishments like helping to create the first color poster made on an Apple computer in the mid-'80s, Levenson said an endowment in Blum's honor was started, called the Mike Blum Graphic Communication Endowment, so that "his name will live on forever."
Blum will continue to work on research projects, training of new hires and projects with the Graphic Communication Institute (GrCI) on campus, Levenson said. According to its website, GrCI "is an outreach effort of the university's graphic communication department, created to provide industry professionals with access to Cal Poly's state-of-the-art resources via workshops, custom training programs, consulting, laboratory testing and research initiatives."
Blum said although he will still "continue to do some research and consulting in the field," he also plans to travel recreationally and do volunteer work, perhaps even combine travel and volunteer work together. Yet, he still felt proud of his work with Cal Poly.
"I feel good," Blum said. "I feel like it's been a great place to work and like I've made a valuable contribution to the students who have gone here and the department, but I feel like it's time to move on."
In regards to his teaching career, Blum said he most enjoyed working with students and witnessing their success in the career world. He also said that with new students coming in with "higher and higher GPAs," as well as more technological knowledge, it has been really fun to teach.
Graphic communication sophomore Sean Garnsey recently took a digital photography course with Blum and said Blum's class was the most relevant and fun class he's taken at Cal Poly.
"Professor Blum is incredibly knowledgeable, gave us valuable critiques on our work and encouraged us to be creative with our lab work," said Garnsey. "I just got through finishing my first year here, so my very first class with him was the last class that he will have taught in his career, but he has definitely made an impact on me."
Though Blum's retirement means future students will no longer benefit from his knowledge, both Blum and Levenson said the department will continue to excel with two new faculty members, who Blum helped select and hire. Levenson said the very modern department will continue to be on the forefront of the industry.
"(The) graphic communication department is a fantastic department, and it's a world class of the very top, top programs in the world," Blum said, proud to have been involved with the department. "It's been wonderful to have the opportunity to work here. And I'm glad I'll still be associated with the department."


text:
Tribute Wall
IE 8 placeholder.
Provide comfort for the family of C Wilkinson by sending flowers.
Guaranteed hand delivery by a local florist
Robert Barrett posted a condolence
Saturday, December 22, 2018C A was a wonderful person and was a great ambassador for Troup, TX.
Suzanne Arnold posted a condolence
Tuesday, December 18, 2018C.A. was a jewel of a person throughout his life! We all have fond memories of him at the variety store - giving us candy if we were good while in the store and always wanting to know what was going on in our lives. Still remembered peoples ages and birthdays up until the end of his life. He was a great asset to the town of Troup! He and Willie D. were loved by the Obar family! Prayers are with the family during this time and in the days, weeks to come. He will be missed! Claud & Lee Ella Obar Bill & Suzanne Arnold Kent & Yvonne Sturrock
Martha Pace Callaway posted a condolence
Tuesday, December 18, 2018Oh, C.A....we will miss you! You were such an important legend in all of our lives. You remembered us all with birthday and anniversary wishes always. Glad you made that 100 mark! You and your family...your Father, your brother Willie and your wonderful wife Heloise have all made Troup the great place that we grew up in. Our condolences to the family and our tributes to a memorable life. Martha (Pace) and Jack Callaway
Sheri Barker Eubanks uploaded a photo
Monday, December 17, 2018
Sheri Barker Eubanks posted a condolence
Monday, December 17, 2018What a blessing to know CA .... he always called me by my home town in Missouri (Dudley) one time he called a fella in Bell City Mo who wrote a book called I Stole to Live!! He put me on the phone with this guy hoping we knew each other haha. I did not know the guy. Well I went to Puxico school which is close to Bell City Missouri ... He was an amazing man, such a big place in my heart is so full from loving CA . Prayers for the family sure miss y'all coming to The Hamptons Retirement Community Take Care Love Sheri
The family of C A Wilkinson uploaded a photo
Monday, December 17, 2018
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|Cottle Funeral Home
105 East Bradford
P.O. Box 398
Troup, Texas 75789
Phone: 903/842-3131
Fax: 903/842-3801
Cottle-Pearson Funeral Home
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text:
Krista Brown
Research Associate
Before joining Open Markets, Krista worked as an analyst at Future\Perfect Ventures, a venture fund that focuses on minority founders and decentralized technology start-ups in emerging markets. She helped deal source and perform due diligence for potential portfolio companies. She was also responsible for maintaining the company's website, blog, and weekly newsletter. While at FPV, Krista organized the fund's first Women in Blockchain Summit, which brought together leading women in blockchain to discuss the growth of decentralized technology and how to foster diversity in the sector. This Summit has since turned into a nonprofit, The Collective Future.
Prior to Future\Perfect, Krista spent a year in Dakar, Senegal where she researched the effects of private and public sector aid, while teaching microeconomics at the Institute of African Management. She has a B.A. in economics with a concentration in mathematics from Colby College. You can follow her on Twitter at @Krista3369.


text:
January 1st, 1970, 01:00
Phantom posted in the dcemulation.com (http://dcemulation.com.) forums[br]that:[br]Daily FreeSCI builds are now available from the official website at http://freesci.linuxgames.com/dc/. [br][br]Changes in the latest release (0.3.4a) include:[br]- PAL support [br]- Full-screen mode [br]- Sound quality up to 22050Hz [br]- Stereo support (will be in build 20040427) [br][br]The FreeSCI project is an attempt to create a portable interpreter for games written for Sierra On-Line's SCI system.[br]
[Modified 04/27/04 15:42:26 by DCEmu_Newsposter]
[Modified 04/27/04 15:42:26 by DCEmu_Newsposter]


text:
WATCH: Mini-Submarine Boats Let You Swim Like Dolphin
For the lover of the water looking for something just a little different than a nice boat to bring the gang out for a day of sun and a few cold ones, this "flying shark boat" looks more like a fish than a boat. As for the $80-100K price tag, some people have probably gone through that many jet skis trying to pull stunts like this. What's not to like?


text:
Imagine this: You and your family have been waiting all year to travel to your favorite destination. The day comes and you are so excited to unwind and make some beautiful memories with the ones you love most. When you finally arrive and settle into paradise, your phone rings.
"This is Flo calling. We've detected unexpected excess water usage in your home. If all has been resolved, please press 1. To turn the main water off, please press 2. If we do not hear from you within 5 minutes, we will turn off the water for you."
You press 2 and call your plumber to schedule for when you get home.
CRISIS AVERTED. And all you did was install a Flo by Moen.
*Compatible with Google Assisant, Amazon Alexa, and IFTTT
Flo by Moen is a comprehensive water monitoring and shut-off system with leak detection and proactive leak prevention technologies. Via its smartphone dashboard, Flo by Moen provides the ability to monitor and control your water remotely, while empowering conservation efforts.
At Pridemark Plumbing, we take pride in always being at the cutting edge of technological advances and efficiency. Our work is of the highest quality and it shows in our attention to detail. With over 20 years of experience, we offer superior workmanship and customer service before, during, and after the call.


text:
I know it's been a while. Sorry. So, now for something vaguely update-ish...
I started the new job last week, and I love it. It's so freakin easy a sock monkey could do it. Talking with my sup., I haven't gotten any of the complaints that others have, and all day sunday they listened to our calls. Normally they don't. They trust us to do our jobs like adults, and don't bother us at all. So much nicer than my other call center jobs.
Oh, by the way, if you live in Tx, and think the Comptroller's office may have $$ for you, check out www.window.state.tx.us/up . I've found one friend, at least, who has $ from an old job. If you don't live where the $ was reported from anymore, CALL US! You can't change the address online. It sucks that way. And who knows, you may even get to talk to me :P
So, what else? Oh, trying to get BW to send in his resume to Apple again...they've got many positions open that he's qualified for. I hope he can work for them. I may be making decent $, but if he can make 14/hr, I would pass out fromm sheer deleriousness!
All-in-all, life is getting so much better.
Love y'all.
You know who I'm talking about :D


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If you're currently looking for the best espresso machine that will undoubtedly make you the perfect espresso every single time you use it, then look no further than the Jura XS90 (View on Amazon.com). Offering commercial grade performance (for both restaurant and office use), the XS90 features the company's popular 1-touch milk frothing system and 2 independent boilers made of high quality stainless steel. What this means for you is that you can prepare the perfect espresso in just seconds.
If you don't have the time or want to build a highly customized taste for your espresso mixes and just want a great tasting cup of espresso, super-automatic espresso makers are going to be your best bet. While you do give up some of the control you have over the final product, a super-automatic espresso maker automates almost all of the process for you, meaning that you can just get a great shot of espresso without having to do any extra work. This makes it perfect for people on the go or who prefer convenience over control.
For those who tend to like their java a bit more robust and flavorful, this espresso machine offers a coffee and steam wand that you can use to adjust the potency of your coffee. If you prefer a bit less vigor to your morning espresso, simply move the wand to the steam side to add a bit more water. This will allow you to share your espresso maker with those around you who prefer a stronger or milder taste you do and still keep everyone happy.
As with other Jura machines, the Impressa Z6 is hygienic and conveniently cleans up after itself. The extra large 2.4 L water tank has a handle for easy removing, and is designed to work with a Smart Water Filter, which uses RFID technology to communicate with the control panel about its lifespan, automatically alerting you when it needs changing. Using a filter ensures great tasting coffee and reduces the need for descaling. The Impressa Z6 automatically rinses on start up, and keeps a reminder to clean the milk circuit on-screen when needed. All of the maintenance processes, such as brew group cleaning and descaling, will throw alerts as well, and are easily accessed through the TFT display where they can be performed by pressing a button. Step up to the Giga 5 for a dual grinder, dual boiler machine for high speed brewing and added functionality; or for a smaller machine you can control with your smartphone, take a look at the intuitive, ultra-convenient J6.
It's highly efficient, meaning that you don't get as much ground residue after processing your beans. Not only does this ensure that your coffee tastes (and smells) better, but it saves on the cleaning process. Finally, the E6 has a separate milk frother and spout. Instead of pouring milk through one of the nozzles that can be used for coffee (this model also can make two cups simultaneously), the E6 keeps it all separated.
The DeLonghi ECAM22110SB's Rapid Cappuccino System allows you to make cappuccinos one after another quickly with no wait-time in between, making it excellent for hosting parties or large get-togethers. A rotary control system and simple user interface allow even beginners to create cafe-quality drinks at the touch of a button. Like many of DeLonghi's most popular coffee systems, this machine is compact enough for use on smaller counter spaces.
Excellent work horse. We purchased the Jura-Capresso Impressa F9 16 years ago for a wedding present to us and we have never had any issues with it...it's an excellent product. We have sent it back to the maker to have it cleaned a couple of times over the years and the service has been fantastic. Don't let the price throw you off....it's worth every penny.
The height of the cappuccino spout for latte macchiato and cappuccino and the coffee spout is continuously adjustable, the creation of perfect specialty drinks both in a small espresso cup and in a latte macchiato glass up to 6 inches tall. The integrated fine foam technology from JURA ensures unique milk foam quality with a fine, feather-light consistency.
The first notable downside to this economy grinder is the build quality. Although it is standard for high-end burr grinders to use stainless steel enclosures, the Capresso 559 is built from a cheaper plastic. Beyond its suspect longevity, the cheaper build also causes problems in functionality. For example, beans can jam the grinder chute, causing the machine to stop functioning until it is cleaned.
You get a full roster of customer support with the Capresso EC-100. If you run into problems, you can contact customer service using a toll-free phone line during business hours or by email. You can also check the Capresso Facebook page to learn more about your espresso maker. You get a one-year warranty with this espresso machine, which is typical for the espresso maker industry.
The first thing that comes to mind to anyone who sees the Jura Impressa XS90 is "Wow". That is because this espresso machine is so amazing, so packed with features and so good at making the perfect espresso, that words fail to describe how incredible it actually is. This is a commercial duty espresso machine that was designed for use in either a restaurant or an office and features the company's popular 1-touch milk frothing system and 2 independent boilers (stainless steel).
Coffee & Espresso Machines - Touch-button convenience, sophisticated styling and customized options like no other. The Jura Capresso Impressa F7 Automatic Coffee Center Espresso Machine creates delicious, perfectly tailored drinks with less preparation time and less noise. The commercial-grade specially angled internal coffee grinder is now twice as fast. With the full programmability of the Jura F-line, the espresso maker customizes your coffee - all with automatic or push-button ease and without even moving the cup. The high performance 18-bar pump with 1,450-watt stainless-steel lined Thermoblock heating system ensures fast, energy efficiency. Espresso maker's 10-digit LED display dialog system shows brew strength and cup size while brewing. DualFrother PLUS smoothly froths and steams milk of the finest quality and consistency. Sleek, symmetrical design fits in any kitchen or office, right under the cabinet. Product Features 18-bar pump with 1450-watt stainless-steel lined Thermoblock heating system for fast, - Specifications Made in Switzerland Material: ABS, polypropylene, stainless-steel, matte chrome plating Model: 13709 Capacity: 64 oz. Watts: 1700 / 110 Volts Size: 11" W x 17.5 D x 14" H Weight: 25 lb. Use and Care Housing wipes clean with damp cloth. Rinse and refill water tank daily. see more...
It makes maintenance much easier (once you've learned all of the elements), and it ensures that your machine will last a long time.Secondly, the quality of the grinder is superb, and we love the way that it dispenses a variety of coffees. In the end, the E6 is perfect for all coffee connoisseurs, and it will enhance your enjoyment of these beverages.
I'm not a heavy coffee drinker but after working as a barista in a coffee house, I am a little particular about exactly how I like it. I've used a professional machine and the F9 is *easier* to use and even with 4 less bars of pressure than commercial models it still produces very comparable results. Also is faster to use than commercial machines since it stores the beans, grinds, tamps, and even collects the spent grounds. The Jura Capresso F9 allows you to make coffee or espresso in the EXACT amount, temperature, and strength you prefer. You can also use the hot water only function for brewing hot tea or Americano style coffee beverages. The touch screen is extremely easy to navigate, and the unit is easy to clean, prompting you to do so when needed. Hmmm... did I say *easy*?
The buttons of the Jura XS90 can be easily programmed for setting volume, strength and temperature of the espresso dispensed. If you take a closer look at the right side of the XS90, you'll notice that the multi function button is perfect for programming the lattes or cappuccino, including the strength and amount of milk, but also the temperature of espresso dispensed. If you want, then you can even adjust the milk's foaminess.
Jura ENA Micro 90 One Touch Automatic Coffee Center: It might be the world's smallest automatic machine but it offers big features. The compact machine can prepare a cappuccino and a latte macchiato at the touch of a button and, thanks to fine foam technology, the fine milk foam is always creamy and sweet. The Micro 90 also features a professional grade conical burr grinder, a powerful pump that produces 15 bars of pressure and a one-touch display.
2) Overall, I have to say I absolutely LOVE this machine. Here's how I rationalized payment for such an expensive indulgence: if you figure a Starbucks costs approx. $3, and you buy one everyday (which I was), it would take 600 cups to break even. Well, with the automatic counter on my machine, I have made more than 1600 cups! This machine paid for itself in the first year..easily. ok, so now that you're past the issue of paying so much for a coffee machine, here's more...
When ditching the K-cup and grinding the coffee yourself, you open yourself up to better, earthy-friendly options. Many single-serve coffee manufactures source their coffee from large plantations, and as a consumer you have very limited choice about where your coffee comes from and how it's produced. When you grind your own with the Jura coffee machine, you are able to make more eco-conscious decisions about the coffee you purchase. We prefer to buy organic, single-origin roasts that have been certified by the rainforest alliance. We understand that this isn't always possible, but when you are grinding your own coffee, there are more options available to you as a conscious consumer.
I also hate my Jura-Capresso coffee machines. Not only do they cost a wad of money, the insides cannot be end-user cleaned or serviced. The O rings in the brew mechanism go out after a few years and bring everything to a noisy grinding halt. Plus, the machine makes almost-hot enough coffee... 15 seconds in the microwave and it's hot, but sometimes makes the coffee bitter. I deduct one star for these gripes and now we're at three stars.
The Gaggia Brera is a great budget super automatic espresso machine that not only has a small form factor, but it's also very well designed and looks great on any kitchen countertop. When thinking about it, the first thing that comes to the mind of those that already use it is convenience. For example, the water tank, drop tray and the dregs drawer are all within reach and can be easily accessed from the machine for simple, swift maintenance and regular cleaning.
The Saeco Intelia Cappuccino Deluxe Automatic Espresso Machine in Stainless Steel (HD8771/93) produces super espresso beverages. It has all the features that qualify it as a super automatic espresso machine. The Cappuccino Deluxe features attractive stainless steel Italian. At the touch of a button, it makes six different tasty beverages and includes an integrated milk carafe. It has the same superior features that set other Saeco espresso machines apart from competitors, such as a long-life ceramic grinder (designed to last at least 20,000 cups), a water filter, and the Quick Heat Boiler for near instant espresso. This Saeco Intelia Cappuccino Deluxe Automatic Espresso Machine has a number of cleverly designed easy maintenance features and has top reviews from customers.
Jura does not make any budget-friendly machines, so you should come in expecting to make an investment. Prices range from $800 for a single cup machine, to above $5,000 for Jura's top of the line model. You can always search for refurbished models, and Jura occasionally offers factory serviced machines that function like new, but have been returned to the company for unspecified reasons.


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Getting a work permit in California is much easier than most teens think, but the entire process can be pretty confusing if you've never done it before. Because of this, we've created this page which outlines everything you need to know about getting a work permit in California. If you're under the age of 16, a work permit is required to work part-time at any company, so follow what we've outlined here and you can get a job in no time.
While California is well known for the entertainment industry, there are plenty of employment opportunities for those not looking to work in film or television. Many young people may choose to earn an income while gaining real-world experience during their high school years. Minors age 14 and up are able to seek employment in California, with a "State Permit to Employ and Work" or work permit, required for youth until they reach the age of 18. Click here for more information on teen labor laws in California.
The process for a minor to acquire a work permit in California is not complicated, however will require some time. The minor can request from his or her school the Department of Education form entitled: "Statement of Intent to Employ Minor and Request for Work Permit". A link to this form is provided below. The form will require the minor's name, birthdate and social security number, as well as their school information.
In addition, the form requires information from the future employer, to include the type of work the minor will be expected to complete. The form must be signed by the employer and by the parent, who will be consenting to the minor being employed. The minor will not be able to begin work until the form is completed and signed, and the "permit to employ and work" issued by school officials. Should school not be in session, the permit can be obtained from the superintendent of the school district where the minor lives. Minor students aged 14 through 17 should take the following steps to obtain and complete their work permit:
The work permit is completed for a specific employer. Should the minor student decide to work elsewhere, they will need to complete a new "Statement of Intent to Employ Minor and Request Work Permit" form that will list the new employer.
Before an employer hires a minor under the age of 18, they must have the permit to employ and work. Once the employer has hired a minor, they must do the following:
The responsibility of employers when hiring minors is not complicated nor does it require a significant amount of effort. It is, however, a process and like all processes, may or may not go quickly. Minors seeking employment should start their job search early, understanding that there will be a bit of time between the job being found and the permit being issued.


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The screen is great, and the pre-installed watch faces make it stand out from rivals. Android Wear feels very samey across all devices, but it's a well developed OS. It's reasonably intuitive and simple, but there's a little too much swiping and tapping on the small screen. It also works across both Android and iOS, although iPhone functionality is limited (no apps etc.)
Some smartwatches have robust offerings of apps, either preinstalled on the watch or available for download in an app store. Apps can be as simple as a timer or stopwatch, or can control your smart-home devices, switch up your music, or provide turn-by-turn directions for walking or driving. In our testing and everyday use, however, these watch apps rarely offer a great experience. But there are some exceptions, including some fitness apps and apps that track things like water or food intake.
The Samsung Gear S3 was our prior pick for Samsung phone owners because of its smooth dial rotation and interface. But it was notably large, with a 46 mm face, and the Frontier model was half an inch thick, notably bulky even for a smartwatch. The Gear Sport, our runner-up pick, is less bulky, less expensive, less overtly masculine-styled, and provides most of the same features, minus the LTE option.
The Gear 2 also includes a gyroscope, an accelerometer, and a heart-rate sensor. It also can control a TV or set-top box remotely using a built-in IR blaster, and it has the ability to function as a stand-alone music player. And its built-in camera—handily built into the watch itself rather than on the band, like the original Galaxy Gear—takes 2-megapixel stills and 720p video.
No other smartwatch offers this much variety and customization, especially when it comes to female-friendly options. The Apple Watch is the only smartwatch I've ever worn regularly each day for months on end. I've reviewed dozens of WearOS watches, and although many of them are nice looking as well, they're not as fully featured or easy to use as the Apple Watch.
They include a heart rate monitor, pedometer and altimeter to track steps taken and stairs climbed and often a GPS chip to record your distance covered. They will sync with your smartphone to give you a suite of tools to monitor your exercise progress. Many of them will offer notifications of incoming phone calls, text and email alerts as well. But they are designed with fitness tracking in mind. If you are happy using your smartphone for your day to day messaging, calendar, apps and music, a fitness tracker will suffice.
Most stores that sell these smart watches feature display models that you can pick up and touch. We recommend getting a feel for how these watches operate before you invest in one of your own. Specifically, you'll want to know the form of navigation each of these use to go through the various screens, apps, and functionalities. We were partial to twistable bezels and dials, but you might be used to swiping your way through screens.
While testing the Q Venture, we found the response time to be pretty solid when it came to calls and notifications. The typical response time for a notification was somewhere around 10 seconds. We were, however, able to immediately ignore calls. This quick response time should give you plenty of time to retrieve your phone from your pocket or fish it out of your purse.
The top smartwatches that debuted at the 2017 Consumer Electronics Show included the Casio WSD-F20, Misfit Wearables Vapor and the Garmin Fenix 5 series.[83] Apple released on September 22, 2017 their Apple Watch Series 3 model which offers built in LTE cellular connectivity allowing phone calls, messaging and data without relying on a nearby smartphone connection. [84]
Dropping the phone: Some models of smartwatches in the Samsung and Apple line-ups feature a mobile network chip, allowing you to plug in a micro SIM card to make and receive calls, texts and emails and access the internet without being paired to your phone. It sounds great, but remember that the smartwatch has a very small battery, so relying on it for communications will drain the power quickly.
The problem is that to monitor your sleeping patterns, a valuable feature most of these new smartwatches support, the watch needs to be on your wrist. So leaving your watch charging overnight while you slumber isn't going to work. But smartwatches have small batteries compared to smartphones, so should only take 2 - 4 hours to fully charge, depending on the model.
Like other Fitbit devices, the Charge 3 takes little effort to set up. It works with Android and iOS devices, and all you need is the Fitbit mobile app to use it. Choose the Charge 3 from the list of devices you can pair via Bluetooth to your smartphone or tablet, and follow the on-screen instructions. After setup, you may want to also edit basic information that the Charge 3 uses when tracking activity, such as your age, height, weight, and the activity metric you care most about (steps, active minutes, etc).
I visited the Fitbit app more than I usually do during the first day of wearing the Charge 3 so I could manage notifications. This device is the first tracker to go beyond the basic call, text, and calendar alerts that most Fitbit trackers can receive. The Charge 3 can alert you to any and all happenings on your smartphone if you want. In the notification panel in the Fitbit app, you can choose which apps you want to receive alerts from—turn on all of them so you never miss a beat, or only turn on the apps that are most important to you.
As far as the number of sports available to track: while it's more of the same, there are some notable exclusions - like golf tracking and open water swimming (pool swimming is a there though). Heart rate monitoring is decent if not class-leading, and it won't keep you waiting around for a GPS signal. There's also all the stress tracking goodies from Garmin's fitness trackers, too. As multi-sport smartwatches go, this is the best in our eyes, and builds on all the good work Garmin did with its previous iterations.
I've been pleased to see swim-tracking trickle down into more affordable devices over the past few years. Fitbit's Flex 2 remains its most affordable device with swim-tracking features, priced at $60. But the $150 Charge 3, with its big display and smattering of smartwatch capabilities, is for a different audience than those who would gravitate to the tiny, quasi-cylindrical Flex 2. Even if you don't swim often, water-resistance up to 50 meters means users don't have to worry about showering with the Charge 3 or dropping it in the pool by accident.
Overall, the updated lower price makes the Huawei Watch 2 a much better prospect if you're in the market for a smartwatch, especially if you're an Android user. While Wear OS smartwatches will work with iPhones, the experience is more limited compared to pairing with Android. For this reason, if you're an iPhone user for whom money is no problem, then we'd still recommend opting for an Apple Watch.
Finally, Wear OS has a problem that's seemingly random and hard to understand: "Can't reach Google at the moment." Having tested at least a dozen Wear OS watches, we can say that an unexplained failure when using voice commands is the most common negative trait for all of them. It's impossible for the layperson to understand which part of the watch-to-phone-to-Internet relay is falling down, but it can happen at any time, even right after you've used the watch to do something else successfully. When Google Assistant is made the center of Android watches, not being able to reach Google Assistant lowers the value of that watch considerably.
Samsung's Gear Sport is not as stylish as Fossil's Q watches, and because it runs Samsung's Tizen operating system instead of Wear OS, it has nowhere near the app support of Wear OS. But as a smartwatch that shows your phone notifications and lets you respond to them, lasts all day, and tracks your recreational workouts, it is a great device. It's not meant for competitive speed training, but it has built-in GPS and heart-rate sensing, offline Spotify storage, and a rotating bezel that's much easier to use while exercising than a touchscreen. It does suffer from weak voice transcription and a barely-there S Voice "assistant," but it fits a lot of core smartwatch functions into a relatively smart-looking package that's better for fitness-minded wearers than our top picks.
Battery life and charging options: Charging your smartwatch is a hassle and the biggest downside to trading in your manually-wound or button battery-powered watch. A Fitbit Versa might last 3 - 4 days between charges, but a smartwatch like the Samsung Gear Sport or Apple Watch will need recharging every couple of days and sometimes every night if you are tapping on the screen regularly and using its apps.
Outside of the Fossil Group, we're waiting for the Casio Pro Trek WSD-F30 and Montblanc Summit 2. The Summit 2 will be the first smartwatch to run on Qualcomm's new Snapdragon 3100 processor, which aims to make a raft of improvements including beefing up the battery life. It's also expected to be joined by a new Louis Vuitton smartwatch, which will run on that new Snapdragon chip.
The first digital watch, which debuted in 1972, was the Pulsar manufactured by Hamilton Watch Company. "Pulsar" became a brand name which would later be acquired by Seiko in 1978. In 1982, a Pulsar watch (NL C01) was released which could store 24 digits, making it most likely the first watch with user-programmable memory, or "memorybank" watch.[9] With the introduction of personal computers in the 1980s, Seiko began to develop computers in the form of watches. The Data 2000 watch (1983) came with an external keyboard for data-entry. Data was synced from the keyboard to the watch via electro-magnetic coupling (wireless docking). The name comes from its ability to store 2000 characters. The D409 was the first Seiko model with on-board data entry (via a miniature keyboard) and featured a dot matrix display.[10] Its memory was tiny, at only 112 digits.[9] It was released in 1984, in gold, silver and black.[11] These models were followed by many others by Seiko during the 1980s, most notably the "RC Series": During the 1980s, Casio began to market a successful line of "computer watches", in addition to its calculator watches. Most notable was the Casio data bank series. Novelty "game watches", such as the Nelsonic game watches, were also produced by Casio and other companies.[citation needed]
Receive Texts, Emails, And Alerts Without Reaching For Your Phone/ Military-Grade Gear S3 Is Tough Enough To Handle The Elements/ Built-In S Health App, Track Your Steps, Monitor Your Heart Rate, And More/ 4GB Internal Memory/ RAM 768MB/ Wi-Fi/ Bluetooth 4.2/ Gorilla Glass SR+ Case Crystal/ 1GHz, Dual Core (Exynos7270) Processor/ 360x360 Display Resolution/ On-Cell Touch AMOLED Touchscreen/ GPS Navigation/ Dark Grey Finish
I've had the Samsung Gear S3 classic for a few months now. There are lots of apps now available including a music app which allows you to save and play as many tracks as the sizeable built in memory will allow you to save to the watch. The in-built speaker is high quality for making and receiving calls and of course listening to music, but a Bluetooth headset makes all the difference.
The top smartwatches that debuted at the 2017 Consumer Electronics Show included the Casio WSD-F20, Misfit Wearables Vapor and the Garmin Fenix 5 series.[83] Apple released on September 22, 2017 their Apple Watch Series 3 model which offers built in LTE cellular connectivity allowing phone calls, messaging and data without relying on a nearby smartphone connection. [84]
Then your typical exercise activity will determine which model is the best fit. You can expect to pay $1500 - $350 for a fitness tracker. If you are simply interested in hitting your 10,000 steps a day, an entry-level Fitbit will do the trick for around $150. Garmin has fitness trackers designed specifically with runners and cyclists in mind, giving you accurate tracking of biking and cycling distance covered using GPS. They'll cost more as a result - $350 - $800.
The TicWatch Pro shares the TicWatch E model's older processor and late arrival, and it would be just another big (45 mm case), thick (12.6 mm) Android smartwatch, if not for its trick of having an old-fashioned-looking LCD screen that the watch switches to when you're not actively looking at it or using it. This feature extends battery life significantly, especially if you go for periods in Essential Mode, where you see only the LCD screen showing the time, date, and your step count. But the transition from the LCD screen back to a "smart" OLED screen is not smooth or quick, and if you switch the watch to Essential Mode, you have to reboot it to get back to regular smartwatch functions.
Dealing with notifications on a Wear OS watch has gotten better as the phone version of Android has improved its already impressive notification system and as phone app developers have taken advantage of new interactions. Many apps now send notifications with action options: For example, you can check a to-do as done, approve a payment, respond to a message, or, most often, just acknowledge something. The Q Explorist and Venture are no different than most Wear OS watches in relaying notifications, but in our testing they rarely showed lag in processing them, nor was either watch's screen unresponsive to swiping or tapping options. Each watch's vibration motor provides just enough buzz and movement to avoid missing things while not feeling like electric collar training for humans.
At the 2014 Consumer Electronics Show, a large number of new smartwatches were released from various companies such as Razer Inc,[67] Archos,[68] and several other companies, as well as a few startups. Some had begun to call the 2014 CES, a "wrist revolution"[69] because of the number of smartwatches released and the huge amount of publicity they began to receive at the start of 2014. At Google I/O on 25 June 2014, the Android Wear platform was introduced and the LG G Watch and Samsung Gear Live were released. The Wear-based Moto 360 was announced by Motorola in 2014.[70] At the end of July, Swatch's CEO Nick Hayek announced that they will launch a Swatch Touch with smartwatch technologies in 2015.[71] In the UK, the Wearable Technology Show had its début in London and was host to several smartwatch companies exhibiting their newest models.
Samsung's Galaxy Watch, a Tizen OS watch (starting at $329), is our favorite smartwatch for Android users. In addition to up to four days of battery life and a great design, the Galaxy Watch offers built-in GPS, heart rate sensor, water-resistance, Samsung Pay support, plus a nifty rotating bezel for navigating the interface. You can also download music from Spotify to the watch for offline listening. However, you get far fewer apps than you would with a Wear OS watch.