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Kwame Nkrumah: The Great African
Most books on Kwame Nkrumah have been written with the adult in mind. This biography, however, has been written specially for the young reader. The aim is to trace the development of this unforgettable son of Africa from childhood to adulthood — his beliefs, achievements and contribution to the liberation of Africa from colonial rule.
We have also tried to explain his place in the history of the world. Students in schools and teacher training colleges as well as young readers would find this volume very captivating and full of insight.₵15.00Quick View
Kwegyir Aggrey of Africa: His Life and Achievements"The man (Kwegyir Aggrey) is a saint, but damn his colour!" So declared Edwin Smith who once wrote the life history of this illustrious Ghanaian. Aggrey was gifted with the power of intellect, humour and oratory. Kwame Nkrumah had confessed that he was an admirer of this great man who once taught him at Achimota College. Unfortunately, not much is known about Kwegyir Aggrey who was a great educationist as well as a human rights advocate.In this book, specially designed for the youth, Kwegyir Aggrey comes alive on every page. The reader will be entranced by the story of this great Ghanaian whose exemplary lifestyle is worthy of emulation worldwide.₵15.00Quick View
Lives of Five Ghanaian Pioneers
Age Range: 8 – 15 years
In this piece of non-fiction from Adaex, readers learn about the biographical sketches of five great Ghanaian personalities.₵15.00Quick View
Lives of Five Great Ghanaian Leaders
Age Range: 8 – 15 years
In this piece of non-fiction from Adaex, readers learn about the biographical sketches of five great Ghanaian personalities.₵15.00Quick View
Things Every Child of Ghana Should Know About Dr. J.B. DanquahAge Range: 8 years upwardsHe had a beautiful wife called ElizabethHe had sixteen childrenHe was a lawyerHe was a scholarHe loved to eat sausagesHe was a chiefHe wrote several booksHe could work at his typewriter all night…This biography of the man, described as the "doyen of Gold Coast politics" by the Watson Commission of Inquiry into the 1948 Accra riots, written for children, gives an insight into the very full life of a man who was not only a politician, but also many other things.Parents and children will enjoy reading and learning together about Dr. J.B. Danquah.₵20.00Quick View
The River's Power
"I know that my country must have this dam," Enyonam Agbeko said. "I am reconciled, though the land I farmed for forty years is now flooded. My father and my grandfather and even his father farmed that land before me." He shook his head and swallowed quickly as if there were a lump in his throat. "But," he continued, "I cannot look at this lake without crying."
A dam is built across the Volta River at Akosombo in Ghana. This historical novel tells, in absorbing detail, the background to the dam project, the intricacies of international funding, the problems of dam construction and the remarkable achievement of generating hydroelectric power. These are balanced against a human problem of the greatest magnitude and complexity – the resettlement of thousands of displaced people, flooded out of their ancestral homes by the resultant lake.
The River's Power is a book about the ideals of a people, about their aspirations, about their hopes, about their sacrifices and about their remarkable achievements.
₵25.00Quick View
The River's Power
James Watt: The Development of Steam Engines and How They Created Our Industrial Society (Scientists Who Have Changed the World, Hardcover)A biography of the eighteenth-century Scottish inventor and engineer whose improved designs of the steam engine made its wide use possible.₵25.00Quick View
James Watt: The Development of Steam Engines and How They Created Our Industrial Society (Scientists Who Have Changed the World, Hardcover)₵25.00
A Portrait of Otumfuo Opoku Ware II – as a Young Man
A Portrait of Otumfuo Opoku Ware II as a Young Man is a personal account of the life of the Asantehene before he assumed office in 1970. It has evolved out of a long and intimate relationship between Otumfuo and the author, covering many hours of formal interviews and friendly chats, which together with access to family records and historians has formed the basis for this book.
The character of the Otumfuo, a detailed family pedigree, his school days, how he acquired his christian names – Matthew and Jacob, the prophecy made of his reign, the simple altar boy, the great affection shown him by Nana Prempeh I (on his return from Seychelles), to be continued by Otumfuo Sir Osei Agyeman Prempeh II are vividly portrayed. The book ends at the time of his becoming King.₵30.00Quick View
Gathering Seaweed: African Prison Writing (African Writers Series)
This anthology introduces the African literature of incarceration to the general reader, the scholar, the activist and the student. The visions and prison cries of the few African nationalists imprisoned by colonialists, who later became leaders of their independent dictatorships and in turn imprisoned their own writers and other radicals, are brought into sharper focus, thereby critically exposing the ironies of varied generations of the efforts of freedom fighters.
Extracts of prose, poetry and plays are grouped into themes such as arrest, interrogation, torture, survival, release and truth and reconciliation.
Contributors include: Kunle Ajibade, Obafemi Awolowo, Steve Biko, Breyten Breytenbach, Dennis Brutus, Nawal El Saadawi, M J Kariuki, Kenneth Kaunda, Caesarina Kona Makhoere, Nelson Mandela, Emma Mashinini, Felix Mnthali, Augustino Nato, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Kwame Nkrumah, Abe Sachs, Ken Saro Wiwa, Wole Soyinka, and Koigi wa Wamwere.
Although an often harrowing indictment of the history, culture and politics of the African continent and the societies from which this literature comes, the anthology presents excellent prose, poetry and drama, which stands up in its own right as serious literature to be cherished, read and studied.₵30.00Quick View
Guns Over Kigali: The Rwandese Civil War -1994 (A personal account)
Guns Over Kigali is a personal account of the events leading up to the Rwanda genocide in 1994 through the eyes of Ghanaian UN peacekeeping soldier who served as the UNAMIR Deputy Force Commander and Ghana Contingent Commander.₵30.00Quick View
82Products found


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Radioactive dating mass spectrometry - Join the leader in footing services and find a date today. Join and search! Find single man in the US with footing.
W. M. Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory Radiocarbon (14C), a rare isotope of carbon, is used to determine rates of exchange of.
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry - an ultrasensitive dating and tracing . Archaeology is one the most explored area, where radiocarbon dating using AMS has.
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a form of mass spectrometry that accelerates ions to power to separate a rare isotope from an abundant neighboring mass ("abundance sensitivity", e.g. 14C from 12C). from negative to positive by passing through a thin layer of matter ("stripping", either gas or a thin carbon foil).
Radiocarbon is still the most important nuclide measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The related capabilities for dating and tracer studies are.
The Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) technique enables small samples to be dated. This means small samples previously considered to be unsuitable are .
Accelerator mass spectrometry also takes less time to analyze samples for carbon 14 content compared to radiometric dating methods that can take one or two days. An accelerator mass spectrometer has a run time of a few hours per sample.
AMS radiocarbon measurements since AMS radiocarbon Radiocarbon dating research has been part of the University of Arizona since The AMS.
An accelerator-driven form of carbon dating advances everything from Step into the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at Lawrence.
The Canadian Centre for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the University of Ottowa. Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU) NOVA Interactive Radiocarbon. An interactive introduction to radiocarbon dating via AMS at NOSAMS. What is Carbon Dating? Carbon is one of the chemical elements. Along with hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and.
The development of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) during the last ten years has created a new revolution in the fields of radiocarbon (14C) dating and .
In the end, the ability to accurately count small amounts of sample only gets you logarithmic gains in how far back you can date materials, due.
The DirectAMS lab provides affordable AMS radiocarbon dating services for our accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) designed specifically for radiocarbon.
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is a technique for measuring the The original, and best known, application of AMS is radiocarbon dating, where you are.
Radiometric dating detects beta particles from the decay of carbon 14 atoms while accelerator mass spectrometry counts the number of carbon 14 atoms present.
Most carbon atoms don't decay while you're watching Animations explaining how a mass spectrometer can be used to count carbon atoms directly.
relies upon atomic mass spectrometry and Archaelogists recently identified the newly uncovered skull of English king Richard III, using modern carbon dating and genetic techniques. specialized sample preparation techniques to date particularly old and small samples with remarkable precision. Carbon dating as a process is relatively.
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon. Fundamentals of Contemporary Mass .
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) either gas or a thin carbon foil). Molecules will break apart in this stripping stage. 10 Be, 26 Al, and 36 Cl are used for surface exposure dating in geology. 3 H, 14 C, 36 Cl, and I are used as hydrological tracer. Accelerator mass spectrometry is .
Radiocarbon dating, also known as carbon dating, is a radioactive decay- based method for determining the age of organic remains that lived within the past.
Radiocarbon dating lab Beta Analytic provides fast high-quality AMS dating results in business days. The lab also provides stable isotope analysis. Radiocarbon dating lab Beta Analytic, based in Miami, Florida, provides fast high-quality AMS dating results in business days.
Radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) differs fundamentally from conventional 14C dating because it is based on direct.
Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of rock varnish. R. I. DORN. R. I. DORN. 1Geography Department, Arizona State University.
The measurement of radiocarbon by mass spectrometry is very difficult the magnet in an ordinary mass spectrometer to select ions of mass 14 (this will include.
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating is an advanced technique used to measure the Carbon content of materials. It involves accelerating the ions to.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tuesday, May 29, 2012
Wayne Ivey Named to Special Team Reviewing Orlando Missing Mom Case
ORLANDO, Florida -- Wayne Ivey, candidate for Brevard County Sheriff, is part of a special team assembled to review evidence and information in the disappearance of 34-year-old Orlando mother Michelle Parker.
Parker, who has three children, disappeared in November on the same day that she and her ex-fiancé were seen in an episode of "The People's Court," arguing over a missing engagement ring. The ex-fiancé, father of Parker's twins, has been considered a suspect, but has not been charged. Parker's vehicle and cell phone have been recovered.
The team of more than 20 current and former law enforcement officers met last week and plans to meet again. The team was assembled by the Orlando Police Department and FDLE and included law enforcement experts from various fields, to include crime scene investigations and crime lab resources.
A former Resident Agent in Charge from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Wayne Ivey was a co-developer of the concept of S.M.A.R.T., or Specialized Multi-Agency Review Team, which may be deployed in "cold cases." Ivey stated, "By utilizing experts in their field from various agencies to review and analyze cold case homicides and missing person cases, we are able to develop new ideas and strategies that may solve the case, find the missing person, and bring closure for the family and friends."
Ivey was supervisor of the Violent Crime Squad when he helped create S.M.A.R.T., targeted at revisiting unsolved homicides in Central Florida. In S.M.A.R.T., "outsiders" and "insiders" in an investigation go over all aspects of a case in the hopes that "fresh" eyes will lead to results. The program saw immediate success by solving the first three cases in Central Florida that were presented. The S.M.A.R.T. program was also used in Brevard County and is credited with helping solve several cold case homicides.
When asked about S.M.A.R.T., Ivey stated, "It was designed to provide additional resources, through partnerships, to agencies that could not work cold cases. The concept was also to give a fresh set of eyes to the case so that tunnel vision would not control the case. New technology and developments in DNA were also considered in developing the program." Since its initial success, S.M.A.R.T. has been used throughout Florida and was recognized with a statewide award for team concept, innovation, and cost saving measures.
Search For Missing Mom Michelle Parker Moves To Brevard
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Taiwan and Japan should confront China's aggressive maritime patrols by making simulated attacks against the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) aircraft carrier Liaoning, retired US Navy admiral Dennis Blair said on Wednesday last week.
Blair, who served as national intelligence director under former US president Barrack Obama, made the remarks in an article discussing China's maritime and air activity published on the Sasakawa Peace Foundation's Web site, an organization he chairs.
In the article, Blair said that Taiwan and Japan's practice of scrambling their forces to intercept and escort each Chinese air and maritime patrol, which he termed "intercept everything," is wasteful and counterproductive.
Such operations use up valuable flying time, strain limited budgets and achieve little in terms of military value, while creating a pattern of reactions that the PLA could exploit in war, he wrote.
Under the "intercept everything" policy, Taiwan and Japan are degrading the combat readiness of their forces to defend their territory and lowering their ability to deter Chinese military aggression, he added.
Taiwanese and Japanese forces should instead make their response selective, unpredictable and unrevealing of their full capabilities, while exercising their right under international law to occasionally patrol near Chinese territory and ignore Chinese protests, he wrote.
"Taiwanese forces should take advantage of [the PLAN carrier's] presence to carry out simulated attacks against the Liaoning, raising their own readiness and demonstrating the reality that the Liaoning is vulnerable under wartime conditions," he wrote, adding that Taiwanese and Japanese should understand that it is wartime capabilities, not peacetime operations, that deter potential aggressors from taking military action.
The two nations' leaders should communicate to their respective citizens that ship and aircraft movement in peacetime do not reflect their ability under wartime conditions, he wrote.
The Liaoning — a refurbished Kuznetsov-class vessel and China's sole aircraft carrier — has participated in 10 patrols and drills near Taiwan, four of which occurred this year, including a launch and recovery exercise in the Pacific.
When asked to comment, a Ministry of National Defense official said the military deems the shadowing of Chinese aircraft and ships by our forces a necessary policy for national security.
The military's ground-based missile batteries, warships and fighters are well armed with Hsiung Feng and Harpoon anti-ship missiles, the source added.


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Josh Berger, LPC
Meet Josh
Licensed Professional Counselor
Life is full of storms. The ebbs and flows they bring can leave anyone feeling shipwrecked. My role as a counselor is a grounding one: to equip and enable you to see light through the darkness. Together we pursue truth and beauty and lasting freedom.
Get in Touch
Tell us whether you'd like to schedule an appointment or get more info and we'll be in touch shortly.
We're glad to help.


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Russell Churney and Des De Moor by Total Blam Blam
'To hear these songs in such a personalised context is a real ear-opener. I listened as though someone else had written them.' - David Bowie on 'Darkness and Disgrace'
A little later than we had planned, here is the result of our competition to win tickets for the pre-Edinburgh run of 'Darkness and Disgrace'. (07/17/01 NEWS: WIN TICKETS FOR DARKNESS AND DISGRACE) The good news is that we now have two pairs to give away rather than just the one.
Could the two winners below contact me ASAP at firstname.lastname@example.com to confirm that they will be coming and that they will be bringing somebody with them. I will also give you details of how to claim your tickets when you have contacted me. If either of you can no longer make it, or if you only need one ticket, please let me know NOW. There is still time to make the tickets available to somebody else if you can't go.
The winners are:
A handful of tickets are still available for this coming Thursday, Friday and Sunday at six pounds each on 0207 704 6665. Tickets for the Edinburgh Festival run between 13th-27th August can also be purchased now on 0131 226 0000. Further details can be found in previous posts here on BowieNet.
As I mentioned before, a bunch of us are going on Friday. Rednik will be one of our number if you need to identify us, for his is a face common on wanted posters all over the UK. Don't forget to make yourselves known to us if you do spy us, we don't bite hard. See you there.


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Assist Bescherming & Beheer
Below you will find information from the register financial service providers. The information has been provided by the organisation.
- Statutory name Assist Bescherming & Beheer
- Trade name Assist Bescherming & Beheer
- Place of residence Arnhem
- KvK 68312245
Affiliated institutions via
|Statutory name
|Trade name
|Place of residence
|Date of entrance
|Stichting Financieel Toezicht Inkomensbeheer
|Trade name Stichting Financieel Toezicht Inkomensbeheer
|Place of residence NIEUWERKERK AAN DEN IJSSEL
|Date of entrance 24 jan 2018
Date last update: 20 October 2019


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Around the world, doctors help patients with assisted dying, regardless of whether it is legal in their jurisdiction or not.
For example, in Australia, where assisted dying is illegal, research reveals that assisted dying is widely practiced. Many Australian nurses have collaborated with doctors to provide assisted dying, and have occasionally even done so without consulting a doctor (Kuhse & Singer 1993). Nurses in New Zealand also provide assisted dying, sometimes without consulting a doctor (Malpas, Mitchell & Koschwanez 2015; Mitchell & Owens 2004).
"Euthanasia is common. It's practiced out of sight, under wraps, no regulation, no rules, no supervision." Prof. Peter Baum (Baum 2001)
"Euthanasia is common. It's practiced out of sight, under wraps, no regulation, no rules, no supervision." Prof. Peter Baum (Baum 2001)
Professor Baum's statement is borne out by scientific research. A national survey of Australian doctors in 1996 found that 1.9% of deaths were the result of voluntary euthanasia (VE) or physician-assisted dying (PAD) (Kuhse et al. 1997). By comparison, the rate in the Netherlands in 1995 (the closest year of empirical research data) was 2.6% (Onwuteaka-Philipsen et al 2012). The rate of medically assisted deaths in Australia, where the practice is illegal, was three quarters the rate of the Netherlands, where the practice is legal.
Similarly, Douglas and colleagues (2001) surveyed Australian surgeons, finding that more than a third had provided drugs with the intention to hasten patient death, and with more than half of cases lacking an express request from the patient.
Forms of medically assisted dying have been found to occur not only in Australia (and in the Netherlands where it has been lawful for decades), but in Belgium prior to its law reform (Chambaere et al. 2015); Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden and Italy (van der Heide et al. 2003); the UK (Seale 2009a; Seale 2009b); the USA (Back et al. 1996; Bonn 2000; Emanuel, Fairclough & Clarridge 1996; Lachman 2010; Schwarz 2003; Schwarz 2004); France (Riou et al. 2015); Norway (Forde & Aasland 2014; Forde, Aasland & Falkum 1997); and even in conservative Greece (Voultsos, Njau & Vlachou 2010); Northern Ireland (McGlade 2000) and Pakistan (Imran et al. 2014).
Indeed, "euthanasia is performed worldwide, regardless of the existence of laws governing it" (Gastmans et al. 2006), "in all countries studied" (Muller, Kimsma & Van Der Wal 1998), "albeit in a secretive manner" (Rosenfeld 2000), "in the privacy of their [doctor-patient] relationship" (Cassell 1995), with repeated involvement of some physicians (Smith 2007), and frequent failure to adhere to high standards when illegal (Emanuel et al 1998).
Even Dr Brendan Nelson, while President of the Australian Medical Association, acknowledged that he had helped hasten the death of a patient. He stated that in the "2 percent of cases" where there was no hope of recovery, that "patients, their families and their doctors make those decisions [for euthanasia]" though clandestinely, because "technically it would be illegal" (Nelson 1995).
AMA's President, Brendan Nelson, in 1995.
The evidence is irrefutable: there is underground assisted dying worldwide and it demonstrates that there is a profound need for assisted dying law reform to allow dying patients the right to seek a peaceful hastened death, and to protect doctors and nurses who provide that assistance. Law reform would also force assisted dying from the dark shadows, creating transparency and accountability around the process, which would then be open to discussion and improvement if required.
Intolerable and unrelievable patient suffering drives underground assisted dying across the world in jurisdictions where it is illegal, with no standards of practice or transparent oversight.
Back, AL, Wallace, JI, Starks, HE & Pearlman, RA 1996, 'Physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in Washington State: Patient requests and physician responses', JAMA, vol. 275, no. 12, pp. 919-925.
Baum, P 2001, ABC News, TV broadcast 23 Jan, ABC, Sydney.
Bonn, D 2000, 'Support for euthanasia falls as care of dying patients improves', The Lancet Oncology, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 133.
Cassell, EJ 1995, 'Treating the patient's subjective state', Pain Forum, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 186-188.
Chambaere, K, Vander Stichele, R, Mortier, F, Cohen, J & Deliens, L 2015, 'Recent trends in euthanasia and other end-of-life practices in Belgium', N Engl J Med, vol. 372, no. 12, pp. 1179-1181.
Douglas, C, Kerridge, IH, Rainbird, KJ, McPhee, JR, Hancock, L & Spigelman, AD 2001, 'The intention to hasten death: a survey of attitudes and practices of surgeons in Australia', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 175, no. 10, pp. 511-515.
Emanuel, EJ, Daniels, ER, Fairclough, DL & Clarridge, BR 1998, 'The practice of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in the United States: adherence to proposed safeguards and effects on physicians', JAMA, vol. 280, no. 6, pp. 507-513.
Emanuel, EJ, Fairclough, DL & Clarridge, BR 1996, 'Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: Attitudes and experiences of oncology patients, oncologists, and the public', Lancet, vol. 347, no. 9018, pp. 1805-1810.
Forde, R & Aasland, OG 2014, 'Are end-of-life practices in Norway in line with ethics and law?', Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, Aug 14.
Forde, R, Aasland, OG & Falkum, E 1997, 'The ethics of euthanasia -- attitude and practice maong Norwegian physicians', Social Science & Medicine, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 887-982.
Gastmans, C, Lemiengre, J, van der Wal, G, Schotsmans, P & Dierckx de Casterle, B 2006, 'Prevalence and content of written ethics policies on euthanasia in Catholic healthcare institutions in Belgium (Flanders)', Health Policy, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 169-78.
Imran, N, Haider, II, Jawaid, M & Mazhar, N 2014, 'Health ethics education: Knowledge, attitudes and practice of healthcare ethics among interns and residents in Pakistan', Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 383-389.
Kuhse, H & Singer, P 1993, 'Voluntary euthanasia and the nurse: an Australian survey', International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 311-322.
Kuhse, H, Singer, P, Baume, P, Clark, M & Rickard, M 1997, 'End-of-life decisions in Australian medical practice', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 166, no. 4, pp. 191-196.
Lachman, V 2010, 'Physician-assisted suicide: compassionate liberation or murder?', Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 121-125.
Malpas, P, Mitchell, K & Koschwanez, H 2015, 'End-of-life medical decision making in general practice in New Zealand—13 years on', New Zealand Medical Journal, vol. 128, no. 1418, pp. 27-39.
McGlade, KJ, Slaney, L, Bunting, BP & Gallagher, AG 2000, 'Voluntary euthanasia in Northern Ireland: General practitioners' beliefs, experiences, and actions', British Journal of General Practice, vol. 50, no. 459, pp. 794-797.
Mitchell, K & Owens, G 2004, 'End of life decision-making by New Zealand general practitioners: A national survey', New Zealand Medical Journal, vol. 117, no. 1196, pp. 1-11.
Muller, MT, Kimsma, GK & Van Der Wal, G 1998, 'Euthanasia and assisted suicide: Facts, figures and fancies with special regard to old age', Drugs and Aging, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 185-191.
Nelson, B 1995, 'Euthanasia a family affair says top doc', The Sunday Territorian, Darwin, 21 May.
Onwuteaka-Philipsen, BD, Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, A, Penning, C, de Jong-Krul, GJF, van Delden, JJM & van der Heide, A 2012, 'Trends in end-of-life practices before and after the enactment of the euthanasia law in the Netherlands from 1990 to 2010: a repeated cross-sectional survey', The Lancet, vol. 380, no. 9845, pp. 908-915.
Riou, F, Aubry, R, Pontone, S & Pennec, S 2015, 'When physicians report having used medical drugs to deliberately end a patient's life: Findings of the "end-of-life in France" survey', Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 208-215.
Rosenfeld, B 2000, 'Assisted suicide, depression, and the right to die', Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 467-488.
Schwarz, JK 2003, 'Understanding and responding to patients' requests for assistance in dying', Journal of Nursing Scholarship, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 377-384.
Schwarz, JK 2004, 'Responding to persistent requests for assistance in dying: a phenomenological inquiry', International Journal of Palliative Nursing, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 225-235.
Seale, C 2009a, 'End-of-life decisions in the UK involving medical practitioners', Palliat Med, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 198-204.
Seale, C 2009b, 'Hastening death in end-of-life care: a survey of doctors', Social Science & Medicine, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 1659-1666.
Smith, SW 2007, 'Some realism about end of life: The current prohibition and the euthanasia underground', American Journal of Law and Medicine, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 55-95.
van der Heide, A, Deliens, L, Faisst, K, Nilstun, T, Norup, M, Paci, E, van der Wal, G & van der Maas, PJ 2003, 'End-of-life decision-making in six European countries: descriptive study', The Lancet, vol. 362, no. 9381, pp. 345-350.
Voultsos, P, Njau, SN & Vlachou, M 2010, 'The issue of euthanasia in Greece from a legal viewpoint', J Forensic Leg Med, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 131-6.
A new scholarly journal focused on end-of-life ethics, decision-making and practice has just been launched: the Journal of Assisted Dying. In the first article, claims by Oregon lobby group Physicians for Compassionate Care (PCC), including Doctors Bill (William) Toffler and Ken Stevens (and others) are assessed against empirical evidence and found to be completely wrong, or highly misleading as a result of selective use of data.
The new scholarly journal, the Journal of Assisted Dying, is dedicated to careful and holistic analysis of evidence in regard to the various forms of assisted dying that are lawful in a number of jurisdictions around the world... and to practices in jurisdictions where assisted dying remains illegal.
In the first article of a series on Oregon, I examine claims and speculations made by various doctors (and others who quote them), that Oregon has the second-highest suicide rate in the USA (or is always in the top 10), that Oregon's Death With Dignity Act has resulted a massive increase in the state's general suicide rate, and other astonishing statements.
Of course, the empirical evidence from the Oregon Health Authority and from the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not support these statements and interpretations, and I analyse and critique the evidence.
Some of the claims are just plain factually and hugely wrong. Others are the result of failing to read their sources more carefully, misunderstanding what the data actually represents. Still further claims are made on the basis of selectively-chosen statements from government reports, while omitting statements that are contrary to, or provide alternative and well-researched explanations for Oregon's recently rising general suicide rate.
Drs Toffler and Stevens have even published some of their claims and speculations in the British Medical Journal.1 It goes to show that even good journals sometimes publish bunkum: their article was a letter to the editor rather than peer-reviewed research. Great care is required to sort real evidence from hype and opinion.
Ultimately, Dr Bill Toffler of PCC has acknowledged on video that there is no cause-and-effect evidence between Oregon's Death With Dignity Act and Oregon's suicide rate, an acknowledgement that went unchallenged by his two PCC colleagues present at the time, Dr Ken Stevens and Dr Chuck (Charles) Bentz. You can see Dr Toffler's statement here (at 10'50").
The Journal of Assisted Dying is an open-access journal, and you can read the full article here.
1. Toffler, WL & Stevens, K 2015, 'Re: Assisted dying: law and practice around the world', BMJ, vol. 351, 19 Aug, p. h4481.
Neil Francis
Journal of Assisted Dying, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–6.
Background: Several physicians have speculated that Oregon's general suicide rate is evidence of suicide contagion as a result of Oregon's Death With Dignity Act ('the Act').
Methods: Search and analysis of physician and related online sources of Oregon suicide contagion speculation; retrieval and analysis of cited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other publications relied upon; analysis of authoritative, public Government mortality data for Oregon and other USA states.
Results: Several physicians have speculated about Oregon suicide statistics in a manner that is not supported by the cited publications, or by public CDC mortality database data. The claims variously (a) misrepresent key data in the publications, (b) omit information in the publications that is at variance with suicide contagion speculation, and (c) overlook other significant information at variance with speculation. The physicians have previously acknowledged inability to prove perceived "slippery slope" effects of the Act. Other opponents of the Act have republished the physicians' erroneous information.
Conclusions: Evidence advanced by several physicians to speculate that Oregon's Death With Dignity Act causes suicide contagion in Oregon is variously false, misleading or highly selective—omitting key facts—and has arisen even though the physicians acknowledge they have no proof of 'slippery slope' effects.
suicide contagion, copycat suicide, Werther effect, slippery slope, misinformation, Oregon, Dr William Toffler, Dr Kenneth Stevens, Physicians for Compassionate Care
Download the full PDF: (390Kb)
Francis, N 2016, 'Physician use of misinformation to speculate 'assisted dying suicide contagion' in Oregon', Journal of Assisted Dying, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-6.
Download the citation in RIS format:
Andrew Denton has appeared in an ABC Radio National broadcast, presented by David Rutledge, about assisted dying.
He talks about Liz, a woman in her forties who has a rare and aggressive form of cancer.
The ABC page for the broadcast, including the audio file, is here.
The standing Legal and Social Issues Comittee of the Parliament of Victoria, Australia, is currently conducting an inquiry into end-of-life decision making, to inform any legislative changes required in order to reflect contemprary views and best practice.
The inquiry has certainly engaged the community: it has received a record number of submissions. The Legal and Social Issues Committee typically receives a couple of dozen submissions to any of its inquiries, occasionally even sixty or eighty. In contrast, the inquiry on end-of-life decision making has received more than one thousand (1,017) submissions.
Most of the submissions (98%), including DyingForChoice.com's, are published on the Committee's website, with the tiny remainder kept confidential at the request of the submitter.
The terms of reference for the inquiry are completely silent on the matter of assisted dying. The Terms talk about "making informed decisions", "exercising preferences" and "the role of palliative care" in the context of current legislation and any required changes.
So, given that assisted dying is not mentioned in the Terms of Reference, you'd expect a modest number of submissions to address the issue, right? Wrong.
Of the submissions that are published on the Committee's website (and which I could therefore read), a staggering 95.4% of them make specific and deliberate points about assisted dying law reform, and 60.2% of the published submissions make points in favour of law reform to permit assisted dying in one form or another.
There is no clearer indication than this of how deeply engaged the Victorian public is with end-of-life decision making, and how important assisted dying law reform is to the options they might consider.
The Leglislative Council and this Committee are to be highly commended for establishing and conducting the inquiry. Public hearings with witness appearances have further helped inform the Committee and its Secretariat. The transcript of my appearance can be read here.
We the people of Victoria look forward with anticipation to the final report of the Committee, and the recommendations it makes. The Committee must report back to the Legislative Council no later than 31st May 2016. But, given the tsunami of submissions and the continuing public hearings, we won't be surprised if the Committee is granted an extension to complete its work.
On 16th September 2015, the Victorian Director of the Australian Christian Lobby (ACL), Dan Flynn, appeared as a witness to the Victorian Parliament's end of life choices inquiry being conducted by the Legal and Social Issues Committee. He made a number of mistaken statements, but what was most worrisome was the revelation of the ACL's real agenda: to wind back patient rights more than a quarter century.
In his opening address, Mr Flynn opined that assisted dying was 'not supported' by a 'broad base' of Victorian Christians (not just the ACL). This belief is diametrically at odds with clear and repeated evidence from multiple sources.
In 2012, I reported on a Newspoll study into Australian attitudes towards assisted dying. Not only did a whopping majority of citizens support assisted dying, but so did a great majority of Anglicans, Catholics and other Christians (Francis 2012).
Newspoll 2012: Australian attitudes to assisted dying law reform by religion (green=support, red=oppose)
These national results are reflected by a sample of over 60,000 Victorians through the VoteCompass system during the 2014 Victorian election (Stayner 2014). It confirms a substantial majority of Catholics, Protestants, other religious and non-religious Victorians support assisted dying law reform.
VoteCompass 2014: Victorian attitudes to assisted dying law reform by religion (grey=population average)
Mr Flynn then referred to a Tasmanian Parliament's inquiry into assisted dying which rejected law reform. However, the inquiry to which he refers was held in 1998, when Oregon's Death With Dignity Act had barely been established, the Northern Territory's Rights of the Terminally Ill Act had been extinguished within just eight months of coming into operation, and the Dutch, Belgian, Luxembourg, Washington and other legislation and judgements did not yet exist.
So, the Tasmanian Parliament's rejection came from a position of a then general lack of information. The Oregon law has been in effect since 1997, the Netherlands and Belgium since 2002, Washington since 2008, Luxembourg since 2009, and so on. There is now plenty of evidence that assisted dying law reform doesn't cause slippery slopes that opponents love to theorise about.
Mr Flynn then said that the United Nations had in 2012 expressed concern about a 'lax attitude' towards euthanasia in Europe, specifically mentioning the Netherlands and Belgium. This is completely untrue. Because it's easy to make a simple blooper during a presentation, we'll put aside the fact that he meant to refer to a completely different organisation: the Council of Europe.
We know this because he read directly from Council of Europe declaration 1859 (Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly 2012). His ACL submission (Australian Christian Lobby 2015) reports (as he read out) exactly one sentence of the declaration, with his added emphasis, as:
"Euthanasia, in the sense of the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit, must always be prohibited."
"Euthanasia, in the sense of the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit, must always be prohibited."
But presented in this manner the statement is quite misleading. As I explain in a forensic analysis of the misinformation campaign about this resolution (Francis 2015), the resolution was utterly clear about its intent: it was not about euthanasia (it explicitly said so), but rather about advance care planning. What the resolution spoke against (in the one sentence conveyed above) is non-voluntary euthanasia, not voluntary euthanasia. Both sides of the assisted dying debate agree that non-voluntary euthanasia (one person deciding for a hastened death on behalf of another) is not acceptable. It is not contentious.
In no way did the Council of Europe's resolution critique voluntary euthanasia or comment on any jurisdiction in which it is legal. And, the United Nations source to which the ACL submission refers was released in 2001, fourteen years ago and at the time of the Netherlands' Euthanasia Act was before the Dutch Parliament. With then limited information about how such laws work in practice, it expressed concern about the upcoming Act.
Mr Flynn referred vaguely to two cases of euthanasia in Belgium in which persons who requested and received euthanasia were not experiencing intolerable pain, which Mr Flynn asserted was a required safeguard in Belgium's euthanasia Act. This was another supposed example of transgression of safeguards. Wrong again.
While the Belgian Euthanasia Act is officially published only in Dutch and French, a robust English translation has been prepared under the supervision of Professor Herman Nys of the Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law at the Catholic University of Leuven (see Parliament of Belgium 2002). The word 'pain' does not appear in the Act… at all. What does the Act have to say about the legislature's intent on who may qualify? The relevant clause in Section 1 says:
— "the patient is in a medically futile condition of constant and unbearable physical or mental suffering that can not be alleviated, resulting from a serious and incurable disorder caused by illness or accident."
It's abundantly clear: mental suffering from an illness or accident qualifies as much as physical suffering, and the suffering does not need to be 'pain' as Mr Flynn mistakenly asserted to the Parliamentary Committee.
Mr Flynn also stated that there are mobile end-of-life units in Belgium. There aren't. (But there are in the Netherlands, and they must follow precisely all the same requirements as anyone else. They operate to provide choice to patients whose regular or reachable doctors disagree with assisted dying and therefore decline to evaluate whether the patient may qualify under the Act.)
In further testimony, Mr Flynn opined that the degree to which a doctor should be allowed to override a patient's Advance Care Directive (ACD) is in part influenced by whether the doctor can speak with the patient.
But if the patient can currently speak and participate in decision-making, the advance care directive doesn't apply: it is mute and of no effect. An ACD only applies when the patient cannot currently participate in their own decision making. That's (only) what it's for.
But the most worrying aspect Mr Flynn's testimony was the revelation of ACL's opposition to the right to refuse unwanted medical treatment.
The Medical Treatment Act 1998 (Vic) has enshrined for now more than twenty five years a patient's right to refuse any unwanted medical treatments. In 2003 the Supreme Court of Victoria determined that artificial nutrition and hydration (i.e. via tubes) is medical treatment and can therefore be refused under the Act.
But Mr Flynn repeatedly argued that withholding or withdrawing artificial nutrition and hydration, if the patient's body could 'absorb' them, could amount to physician-assisted suicide, and that doctors must be allowed to override refusals. On the matter of patient autonomy, he said that some autonomy rests "with the patients, but a lot of the autonomy in fact is with the doctor".
When asked if a Jehovah's Witness who refuses a life-saving and simple blood transfusion ought to be allowed to do so, he conceded that they should be entitled to, but that such a case was a "bit of an outlier". He didn't explain on what moral grounds one person could refuse a simple procedure to save their life, but another person mustn't be allowed to even if the likelihood of saving life was doubtful.
So, the ACL's real agenda is revealed: it recommends winding back the legislative clock more than a quarter century so as to force patients to endure some medical interventions that they don't want and firmly refuse, if the doctor wishes to proceed.
No wonder the Committee repeatedly questioned Mr Flynn to ensure they had heard and understood his testimony correctly. In conclusion, Committee Chair Edward O'Donohue observed that Mr Flynn's evidence was "quite surprising" and "quite contrary" to wide evidence already given.
And it's no wonder that Theo Mackaay, General Secretary of the Victorian Council of Churches—a group of 30 member churches representing mainstream Christianity—criticised the ACL as "fundamentally conservative" and expressed "deep concern that media portrayal of statements from an established and narrow focused lobby group is presented as being representative of the entire Christian community" (Uniting Church in Australia 2011).
Australian Christian Lobby 2015, Submission to the Legal and Social Issues Committee on the Inquiry inito End of Life Choices, Parliament of Victoria, Melbourne, pp. 1-17.
Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly 2012, Resolution 1859 (2012): Protecting human rights and dignity by taking into account previously expressed wishes of patients, Europe, 25 Jan, pp. 2.
Francis, N 2012, Australian public desire for legalisation of assisted dying in restricted circumstances, YourLastRight.com, Melbourne, pp. 11.
Francis, N 2015, Conservatives fudge Council of Europe declaration 1859, DyingForChoice.com, viewed 2 Jun 2015, <http://www.dyingforchoice.com/f-files/conservatives-fudge-council-europe-declaration-1859>.
Parliament of Belgium 2002, 'The Belgian Act on Euthanasia of May 28th 2002 (unofficial English translation)', Ethical Perspectives, vol. 9, no. 2-3, pp. 182-188.
Stayner, G 2014, Victorian election 2014: Electorate overwhelmingly back voluntary euthanasia, Vote Compass reveals, ABC News, viewed 4 Dec 2014, <http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-23/victorians-back-voluntary-euthanasia-vote-compass/5910668>.
Uniting Church in Australia 2011, Australian Christian Lobby does not represent all Australian Christians, nor all Christian viewpoints, 8 Dec, Media Room, viewed 11 Dec 2011, <http://blogs.victas.uca.org.au/mediaroom/?p=971>.
Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews reports that he doesn't support voluntary euthanasia "at this stage" (The Age, 21 Jun 2015), and that his objections are not based on his Catholic faith. I think it is fair to take him at his word given his historical record in facilitating conversation and reform around values-based issues such as abortion. But his current thinking on assisted dying is indefensible as I explain.
We know from repeated Newspoll Australia studies that amongst the millions of Victorians who want the State to respect their wish to make their own choices at the end of life, three out of four Australian Catholics are in favour of legalised assisted dying—at odds with the 'traditional' Catholic stance. Mr Andrews, like a majority of Catholic Australians, may simply not agree with the Vatican line on assisted dying choice, as they don't on a range of matters.
Mr Andrews says that his current objections instead revolve around 'safeguard' and 'balance' issues in a context of finite healthcare resources.
Let's examine that stance in the light of the Legislative Council committee inquiry recently launched into end-of-life decision making.
The Medical Treatment Act 1988 confers the right to Victorian patients to refuse any medical treatment. The right applies even if the treatment is life-saving, for example a simple blood transfusion. The Act contains no 'safeguards', as the Premier refers to them:
Indeed, a doctor who goes on to administer medical interventions to the patient who has refused them is guilty of the offence of 'medical trespass' and can be prosecuted.
Further, it is quite legal for a patient to decide to die by voluntary refusal of food and fluids, an option suggested as appropriate by Dr Bill Sylvester in an IQ2 debate at Melbourne Town Hall in November 2012, to a hostile reaction from the audience. Some doctors provide respite care to patients choosing this path. however, like refusal of medical treatment, there are no legislated safeguards.
On the basis of these two kinds of end-of-life decision making that have been lawful for at least a quarter century in Victoria, and which have no legislated safeguards, what evidence do we have of the so-called 'slippery slope' of resource-strapped healthcare providers or greedy relatives persuading the sick to choose a path to die earlier rather than later?
Both Victoria Police and the former Minister for Health, the Hon. David Davis, have advised that there are no known prosecutions under the provisions of the Medical Treatment Act 1988 for such inappropriate persuasion.
So, in Victoria we have the experience of two forms of decision-making whose direct and foreseeable consequence is death, with no mandated safeguards and within 'finite healthcare resources' (which Mr Andrews refers to as his reason), not resulting in prosecutions for persuasion to 'choose' death.
If Mr Andrews' argument is that terminally ill Victorians ought to be denied the right to choose assisted dying because of supposed slippery slopes of persuasion, that argument would exactly and equally apply to the refusal of life-saving medical treatment and to the refusal of food and fluids.
Surely his Government is not suggesting that the existing rights be rescinded: that patients be forced to receive any and all life-saving and life-prolonging treatment in order to avoid a 'persuasion' bogeyman who doesn't exist?
The Premier's stance is even less defensible in the light of proposed assisted dying legislation which includes a suite of checks and balances that are absent from existing rights.
Some dying individuals, reflecting upon their circumstances and deeply-held values and beliefs, determine that alighting from the train of terminal illness one or two stops before the terminus is a vastly better option than being forced to endure the train ride until the very end. We compound their indignities by saying it's OK to decide to starve yourself to death (and we might even provide support along the way), but not OK to decide to die peacefully surrounded by loved ones at a predetermined time.
It is commendable that the Legislative Council has resolved to investigate the issue of end-of-life decisions, and whose final report will better inform the Premier and all Parliamentarians. Submissions to the Committee are open until Monday 31st August.
In today's Fairfax press, Sydney woman Mary Ticinovic advances a number of reasons as to why she believes that assisted dying is not merciful. The by-line identifies her as a "clinical psychologist". But her arguments are not founded on the basic tenets of psychology. How so?
Read Mary's opinion piece in The Age
Mary argues that to support assisted dying is to go "against the principle that all life is precious." She offers no substantive explanation, invoking the notion of 'human worth', stating that it exists regardless of the health state or suffering of the person, and complaining that assisted dying promotes the idea that "your life is no longer worth living".
These are not psychological arguments. We can agree that life is precious. But reluctantly deciding to hasten one's death in the face of intolerable and unrelievable terminal suffering doesn't negate that preciousness. Indeed, to some people, choosing assisted dying can evidence the preciousness of one's very capacities and values as a human.
Mary further muses over "by whose standards would we judge if life is not worthwhile any more", as though this is only some vague theoretical argument amongst philosophers or doctors. This is not a psychological argument, either. Under assisted dying law reform, it is only the dying individual's world-view and circumstances that determine whether he or she feels life is worth living: not anyone else. General philosophical theory doesn't come into it.
She further argues that assisted dying "promotes a utilitarian view of humanity". This is not a psychological argument, either. Nor is it valid. Indeed, legalised assisted dying respects the very nature of the diversity of humanity by enabling the world-views many people hold most dear: that of making rational choices consistent with their own beliefs, values and circumstances. Some patients, for example in Oregon, are deeply religious and believe that their God is compassionate and understands and respects their choice to avoid intolerable suffering. That's not utilitarian at all.
Mary invokes the Hippocratic Oath said by her medical friends to oblige doctors to "do no harm" and that the medical role is "in healing and helping the patient to be restored to health." This is simplistic nonsense, not a psychological argument.
Firstly, doctors do harm all the time: think of surgical procedures or chemotherapy. Many medical interventions do harm, but we accept the harm because we expect there to be a commensurately greater good as a result.
Secondly, medical practice cannot always "restore the patient to health" as Mary exclusively puts it. What then? The dying patient may judge that the unrelievable suffering they will experience along the path to death is a greater harm than dying a little earlier. And, doctors also have a primary duty to relieve suffering, which Mary doesn't mention. What is under review is whether a doctor may participate in the relief of intolerable and unrelievable suffering— by hastening death—if the patient believes this is the lesser harm.
Thirdly, the Hippocratic Oath is around 2,300 years old. It requires doctors to swear allegiance to ancient Greek gods. It forbids women from becoming doctors. It requires current doctors to train the next generation free of charge, and it forbids surgery. Contemporary doctors don't take it, and it's certainly not "part of training" as Mary mistakenly states.
None of these are psychology arguments.
Mary then argues that requiring dying patients to endure until the end promotes—and that assisted dying prevents—"fostering gratitude", "reconciling hurts or differences with family members or friends" and "showing them strategies or different ways to approach their pain and suffering".
But, in jurisdictions where assisted dying is legal, for example in Oregon in the USA, these are precisely things that are encouraged under assisted dying. Doctors are required to inform applicants of available medical and palliative interventions. Family gathers on notice of an anticipated death, music and poetry is shared, and expressions of love, devotion and gratitude are exchanged.
If a dying patient has no intention of reconciling with family or reflecting on approaches to dealing with their pain and suffering under an assisted dying law, precisely the same intention applies to the current regime that requires the patient to endure until the end. To assume a difference is a false dichotomy.
Mary also argues that assisted dying ought to remain outlawed because "nursing a sick loved one is a way to give back". This is yet another specious non-psychology argument. It promotes the 'right' of the 'nurse' to express love and devotion through 'caring interventions' at the expense of the dying patient's own world view and deeply-held wish for a hastened death. Now who's being utilitarian?
I ran Mary's opinion piece past an experienced psychologist, who described it as little to do with psychology. Note that neither of us has experience of or is commenting on Mary's expertise as a clinical psychologist: she may indeed be a very good one.
My associate wondered out loud if Mary's arguments were based more on underlying religious views than anything else. I agreed: they seemed to me remarkably consistent with the arguments advanced by religious opponents, even though they avoided directly religious words. So I did a little research.
It turns out that Mary is a committed and active Sydney Catholic.* Evidence abounds of her devotion to the Catholic tradition, and I commend her for her conscientious reflective practice and participation in it.
However, I argue that neither the stated psychological qualification nor the unstated religious affiliation make the offered arguments valid.
* By way of fairness, I place on the record that I am agnostic.
Neil Francis announces the official launch of DyingForChoice.com, the world's premier source of reliable, evidence-based information about assisted dying, and responsible law reform to permit it in restricted circumstances.
Hi, and thanks for dropping by.
I'm delighted to announce the official launch of DyingForChoice.com. The mission is to help society work towards responsible assisted dying law reform, a reform wanted by the great majority of citizens in many countries. Yet assisted dying (in one form or another) is still illegal in many jurisdictions.
DyingForChoice.com will lay out the case for restricted assisted dying including world-view arguments, but also importantly provide rigorous factual evidence and analysis. This approach is a deliberate counter-measure to mistaken information — 'misinformation', more colloquially known as 'bull' — that is available so widely and repeated so often.
Misinformation can take the form of flapdoodle, filibuster, flip-flop, fudge or outright fiction. Ultimately it's fear-mongering via the promotion of bull. Legislative reform — so that all citizens are afforded the right to enact their own deeply-held world views and cherished values at the end of life, whatever those may be — deserves to be informed by quality information.
Exposing misinformation works. Already, my exposure of the 'suicide contagion' myth has resulted in selected website 'information' being withdrawn. It's up to all of us to hold a bright spotlight up to misinformation and to ask people not to spread bull.
So subscribe to our monthly newsletter to keep abreast of developments. You can also create your own login which will allow you to comment on posts, subject of course to our terms of use. Just use the Register link in the header bar.
You can also subscribe to our Twitter feed, catch up with our Facebook page, and watch any of our videos on our YouTube channel: just click the relevant button in the header bar.
So, keep in touch, stay up to date, and if you have a burning issue you would particularly like us to report on, just send a message using our Contact form.
Cheers for now
At 4:10pm on Wednesday 22nd November, the Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill passed both Houses of the Victorian Parliament. The Victorian Governor has signed the Bill into an Act, so it is now law in Victoria, though not yet in effect. The Act will come into effect in June 2019, given Victorian residents facing intolerable suffering from an incurable illness, and who meet a number of hurdles, to lawfully request and obtain a peaceful death assisted by their doctor.
Victorians are a step closer to having the choice of assisted dying in the face of a terminal illness. After a marathon all-nighter sitting, the Legislative Assembly (lower house) this morning passed the Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill 2017. The Bill will now be sent to the Legislative Council (upper house).
The vote was won convincingly at 47:37, despite heroic efforts of opponents to create FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt) through extensive misinformation, and filibustering the Bill's progress by putting up amendements to numerous clauses.
The Legislative Council is expected to debate the Bill next month.
In great news for Victorians, yesterday (20th September 2017), the Government tabled its Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill into the lower house of the legislature. The Bill is comprehensive, offering Victorians a further end-of-life choice, with numerous safeguards, and the stiffest pentalties worldwide for breaking the rules.
Parliamentary debate on the Bill is likely to commence mid October, so now is the time to contact your own members of the Victorian parliament and let them know you support the Bill. If you don't know which electorate you live in or who your members are, or don't have their contact details, then:
The Standing Committee on Legal and Social Issues (Legislation and References) of the Parliament of Victoria, Australia, has recommended that the Government introduce leglislation to allow assisted dying in restricted circumstances.
In excellent news for Victorians, the LSIC has recommended that the Government legislate to allow assisted dying in restricted circumstances.
"Recommendation 49: The Government should introduce legislation to allow adults with decision making capacity, suffering from a serious and incurable condition who are at the end of life to be provided assistance to die in certain circumstances."
"Recommendation 49: The Government should introduce legislation to allow adults with decision making capacity, suffering from a serious and incurable condition who are at the end of life to be provided assistance to die in certain circumstances."
The recommendations include:
You can read the full report here.
The recommendation has yet to translate into a Bill and a majority vote of both Houses of the Victorian Parliament. Some parliamentarians are intractably opposed to this reform and it's important that policitians hear from you to know that you want them to support the reform.
Sign the petition to go to all Victorian parliamentarians now, and spread the word!
Submissions were invited from interested individuals and organisations into end-of-life decision-making in Victoria, including:
Submissions to the inquiry, which have not been requested to remain confidential, are published on the Parliamentary website here.
Despite the Terms of Reference for the inquiry (below) do not mention assisted dying, almost all submissions to the inquiry have been made either to support or oppose the legalisation of voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted dying. Clearly, the community is strongly engaged with the issue.
More information is available on the Victorian Parliament Inquiry's website.
On 7 May 2015 the Legislative Council agreed to the following motion:
That pursuant to Sessional Order 6 this House requires the Legal and Social Issues Committee to inquire into, consider and report, no later than 31 May 2016, on the need for laws in Victoria to allow citizens to make informed decisions regarding their own end of life choices and, in particular, the Committee should —
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Modeling in (mostly) 1/72nd scale (and any other subject that catches my attention - author suffers from acute "shiny item" syndrome)
Tuesday, July 26, 2011
Monday, July 25, 2011
Toy Museum, Prague, 2008 (part 2)
Second set of photos from my trip to Prague Castle Toy Museum. Photographing items behind glass is still a skill I'm trying to improve upon.
Sunday, July 24, 2011
Toy Museum, Prague, 2008 (part 1)
Really enjoyed a trip to Prague, and was excited to re-visit the Toy Museum in Prague Castle.
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Have You Considered a First Look Session?/
It used to be a tradition that brides would participate in a Bridal Session before the wedding. Many would use it as a trial run for their hair and make-up, and to make sure that their dress fit and generally, to see their whole look put together for the first time. Brides would then meet with their photographer to have their bridal portraits taken before the day, so that it was less hectic on the day of the wedding, and to have some special portraits of just her. But, this tradition seems to have fallen off. Today's brides just aren't interested in doing these sessions because they're so crunched for time, or because it just seems like a waste.Read More


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TLO's View
Constitutional fundamentals
The Constitution's Original Precepts
The Framers of the Constitution constructed a new system of government for America. Seven specific, essential principles guided their efforts to write a new constitution for our nation. These are the seven building blocks upon which this country's new form of government has been, and is still, being built. Together the seven principles listed below were those that our founding fathers used to form the foundation of the United States Constitution.
Popular Sovereignty
"We the people of the United States establish this Constitution for the United States of America." These words from the Preamble to the Constitution clearly spell
out the source of the government's power. The American form of government comes from a school of political thought called classical liberalism, which emphasizes freedom, democracy, and the importance of the individual. The Constitution rests on the idea of popular sovereignty — a government in which the people rule. As the nation changed and grew, popu- lar sovereignty took on new meaning. A broader range of Americans shared in the power to
govern themselves.
2. Republicanism
The Framers of the Constitution wanted the people to have a voice in government. Yet the Framers also feared that public opinion might stand in the way of sound decision making. To solve this problem, they looked to republicanism as a model of government. Republicanism is based on this belief: The people exer- cise their power by voting for their political representatives. According to the Framers, these lawmakers played the key role in making a republican government work. Article 4, Section 4, of the Constitution also calls for every state to have a "republican form of government." Civic Republicanism is the idea that citizens stay informed about politics and participate in the process.
3. Federalism
The Framers wanted the states and the nation to become partners in governing. To build cooperation, the Framers turned to federalism. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and smaller political units, such as states. In the early years of the United States, federalism was closely related to dual sovereignty, the idea that the powers of the federal government and the states were clearly defined, and each had exclusive power over their own spheres with little overlap. This view of federalism led to states' rights conflicts, which were contributing factors in the Civil War. The Framers used federalism to structure the Constitution. The Constitution assigns certain powers to the national government. These are delegated powers. Powers kept by the states are reserved powers. Powers shared or exercised by national and state governments are known as concurrent powers.
4. Separation of Powers
The Framers were concerned that too much power might fall into the hands of a single group. To avoid this problem, they built the idea of separation of powers into the Constitution. This principle means the division of basic government roles into branches. No one branch is given all the power. Articles 1, 2, and 3 of the Constitution detail how powers are split among the three branches.
5. Checks and Balances
Baron de Montesquieu, an 18th-century French thinker, wrote, "Power should be a check to power." His comment refers to the principle of checks and balances. Each branch of government can exercise checks, or controls, over the other branches. Though the branches of government are separate, they rely on one another to perform the work of government. The Framers included a system of checks and balances in the Constitution to help make sure that the branches work together fairly. For example, only Congress can pass laws. Yet the president can check this power by refusing to sign a law into action. In turn, the Supreme Court can declare that a law, passed by Congress and signed by the president, violates the Constitution.
6. Limited Government
The Framers restricted the power of government. Article 1, Section 9, of the Constitution lists the powers denied to the Congress. Article 1, Section 10, forbids the states to take certain actions. The principle of limited government is also closely related to the "rule of law": In the American government everyone, citizens and powerful leaders alike, must obey the law. Individuals or groups cannot twist or bypass the law to serve their
own interests.
7. Individual Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution shield people from an overly powerful government. These amendments are called the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights guarantees certain individual rights, or personal liberties and privileges. For example, government cannot control what people write or say. People also have the right to meet peacefully and to ask the government to correct a problem. Later amendments to the Constitution also advanced the cause of individual rights.


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Share Your Love of Yoga!
Become a yogaspirit® trained Yoga Teacher
Set the ground work for becoming a yoga therapist. This information session will answer all of your questions about this exceptional ayurveda and yoga teacher training program!
If you are unable to make this event you will have two more opportunities:
December 10th 10:30 to Noon
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Let's try this again!
Red Lanterns is the 3rd title in the new 52 with a Teen Plus rating. Hopefully that means Milligan can be a little freer with his storylines. The cover of the 3rd issue has that Red Lantern from New Guardians (the one with skeleton wings and garters and boobs and a butt) looking sexy while being soaked in blood.
This garners a Teen Plus rating? Bah! Apparently this is standard fare in my friend Ken's child's kindergarten!
The Red Lanterns begins in Sector 666. So that means it's an evil and depraved section of space, correct? That's a cosmic truth, right? That 666 is an evil number!
In Sector 666, some beings I'm calling the Pain Pirates are busy torturing cute little fuzzy alien things that they come across. And the next cute little thing they come across is this Red Lantern!
Awww! So SHWEET!
This little Red Lantern space cat puking molten hairballs and scratching the bejeesus out of everyone isn't alone. He's hanging out in space with a great big red Red Lantern named Atrocitus. No wonder he's a Red Lantern filled with rage! Who names their kid Atrocitus without a few expectations about the way he's going to act when he grows up? Also, all of his people were killed by the Guardians. So there's that.
But even though he's a Red Lantern filled with rage, he still loves his widdle kitty boo.
As you can read in the panel above, his rage has somewhat tempered over time. And that's where the story of the Red Lanterns becomes interesting. I was wondering how they were going to maintain a series about a bunch of Lanterns that fly around the Universe being angry and killing and maiming everything they meet. Especially since Garth Ennis wasn't writing it. So this little Red Lantern character flaw in Atrocitus is where we find the heart of this series. Um, I'm guessing!
Plus, look! Aw, kitty!
Atrocitus returns to Ysmault (Red Lantern Headquarters in Sector 666?) to let kitty-tat Dex-Starr heal. The Red Lanterns are all fighting and Ed Benes, artist, makes sure to let the comic book readership know that no female Red Lantern is going to be outdone by all of the other DC women who can do The Butt-Boob Showcase pose.
The Butt-Boob Showcase. It's like a signature wrestling move meant to incapacitate male comic book fans with embarrassing pants poles. I think it just causes rage in female fans! Which is why this Red Lantern is being true to her nature!
You have to wonder if it's a Power Ring Design Flaw that allows the ring to make full costumes for males while leaving the pants part of the costume off of the females. On the next page, she walks off showcasing her ashy gray ass while Atrocitus actually makes me look up a word! What kind of fucking English major am I? Oh, that's right. The kind who owns a floor cleaning business.
Febrile: 2. Having or showing a great deal of excitement or energy. Unless it was the first definition about her having some kind of fever. Oh! Probably the Rage Fever!
Afterward, we get some much welcomed background on the Red Lanterns. Perhaps older readers were already familiar with this. Perhaps they griped and bitched when they had to read a bunch of pages explaining how Atrocitus and his Red Lanterns came to be. But I'm happy to get it.
Kronos the Mad Guardian decided the Universe's army of Manhunters should be ruled by emotion. Oh, that doesn't sound like a bad idea at all! So he reprogrammed the Manhunters and they destroyed everything in Sector 666. I like the idea of a Sector being a complete wasteland. That's probably why the Pain Pirates were sailing around in it. Probably scavenging dead worlds. Too bad they ran into the Red Kitty Cat!
Atrocitus used to be called Atros until the Manhunters killed his family and he decided to make his name longer and more diabolical. He claims to have made the Red Lanterns but I'm not sure how since he trained to by a psychologist and not a geneticist. Or whatever makes new creatures. Perhaps he created the Red Lanterns by doing psychoanalysis on them! That actually will probably turn out to be true. Brought forth their dark feelings of rage and hatred until they turned into the napalm vomiting Red Lanterns.
At the end, Atrocitus decides to become the Punisher of the Universe. And he hopes his Red Lanterns will be with him. But they seem a little bit inclined to revolting when the comic ends.


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exercise and healthy diet that can work together
January 24th, 2015
I'm 21-ish and I've been working at kfc for 6 years, worked my way up a little bit, I know that my job is half the reason for the way I feel but there's no way I can quit so anyway over these years I have lost a little over 10kg's leaving me at 50. I've only just physically noticed how skinny I really am and I think it's just as bad if not a worse appearance. My boobs were never big but they're barely an A cup now my ribs and spine show a little more than they use to, I can feel the awkwardness from others when they hug me and feel my bones. I'm not totally uncomfortable with my body it's just the fact I don't feel very feminine anymore and it's slowly lowering my self esteem making me unhappier. I would love if someone could help me find a healthy diet that could help me get fat in the right places, I know that's too much to ask for but maybe if there is an exercise and healthy diet that can work together to get my BMI up without putting it all onto my hips an belly. Thanks for advice
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replied January 25th, 2015
Welcome to e health forum.
Your body is a reflection of your genes derived from your parents.
In teenagers or young adults, who are yet to attain their full and proper development, comparison with others can cause discomfort about their appearance.
You can compare yourself with your mother, and , you will most likely attain her resemblence sooner or later. (please note- this does not include features attained due to obesity or medical disorder related issues).
Most young women who do not eat a healthy normal diet, due to being weight concious can develop conditions like anorexia or Bulimia. Hence it is best to stop comparing yourself to others.
It is best to have a attitude that you be yourself, and not rely on reinforcements from your peers or friends. If you are confident about yourself, you can carry yourself and be more appealing to others.
With regarding to diet requirements, it cannot be provided without knowing a individuals preferances and needs. It would be best if you consult a dietician in person, who can assess your needs and advice you accordingly.
I hope this helps.
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Nest's CEO has been forced out, and GE and Microsoft create even deeper integrations for industrial IoT. Also this week, UPS creates a partnership with a startup to take on Amazon Key, and we discus the common question of if you should upgrade your Echo? There's a lot of lock news, some connected car fundings (Zoox and Light) and an Alexa-enabled microwave that feels perfect for dorms or bachelors. This week's listener question is also about smart locks but for a very particular use case. Our guest this week is Mark Allen, vice president of IT at Jacuzzi, who discusses why and how Jacuzzi connected its premium line of hot tubs. Jacuzzi has connected 1,000 hot tubs so far and since it starting selling them in April, it has 500 of the connected tubs in consumers' homes. Allen explains the tools Jacuzzi has used to get the hot tubs online and connected to dealers' service operations. He also shares his thoughts about privacy rules and how connected devices will change Jacuzzi's business. Enjoy the show.
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Spend an evening with JCI New Zealand, University of Auckland's Public Policy Club (PPC) and University of Auckland's Public Policy Institute (PPI) as we navigate through what it takes to be elected as a local board member in a two-hour workshop.
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Athlete Dutee Chand is a beacon of hope and an inspirational idol to live by. The woman has faced umpteen numbers of odds and emerged victorious braving all the storms that have come her way. Now, in a career of firsts, the star has been chosen to be on the cover of a reputed lifestyle and fashion magazine for the month of July.
The ace sprinter is the first openly gay sportsperson in India. She recently came out to declare that she is in a same-sex relationship. At a time when we're discussing women's empowerment, equality and LGBTQIA+, Dutee is a shining star who is unafraid to speak her mind and take on battles head-on. Check out her magazine cover below.
So excited to have Dutee Chand on the Digital Cover of @cosmoindia July 2019. At a time when we're discussing women's empowerment and LGBTQIA+ rights, Dutee is a shining beacon of hope, courage, and grit. There's no doubt that she's one of India's finest athletes, but she is also a braveheart--a champion who has fought the odds and is unafraid to speak her mind (she happens to be India's first openly gay athlete). Whether it's training for championships or fighting social stigma, Dutee tackles challenges head-on, and doesn't believe in living with regrets. More in this month's issue of Cosmopolitan India...
RECOMMENDED READ: Ellen DeGeneres lauds Dutee Chand's courage for coming out and revealing that she is in a same-sex relationship
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Running Time: 116 min.
Release Date: July 3, 1985
DVD: December 17, 2002
Netflix: February 1, 2019
Current rating:
based on 26 votes and 7 reviews
Rate Movie | Read all user reviews
Cast: Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover, Billy Zane
Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox) is your average teen in the '80s, but when he discovers a time machine created by mad scientist Emmett L. Brown (Christopher Lloyd), his whole world is turned upside when he is taken back in time to 1955, the year his parents first met. Only they don't, thanks to him.
Marty has a limited amount of time to make sure his parents meet so he can get back to the future, but his mission is easier said than done.
Robert Zemeckis
Studio: Universal Pictures
Producer(s): Kathleen Kennedy, Neil Canton, Frank Marshall, Steven Spielberg, Bob Gale
Screenplay: Robert Zemeckis, Bob Gale
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I never studied film formally at school, but as a kid, I spent most of my time in cinemas. — Wong Kar-Wai
Investing a lot of time and money in external beauty and caring little about internal beauty. — Paulo Coelho
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He who tells a lie is not sensible of how great a task he undertakes; for he must be forced to invent twenty more to maintain that one. — Alexander Pope
The photograph is like a quotation, or a maxim or proverb. Each of us mentally stocks hundreds of photographs, subject to instant recall. — Susan Sontag
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Young, William A.. () J.L. Wilkinson and the Kansas City Monarchs :trailblazers in Black baseballMLA Citation
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|Baseball team owners - United States - Biography. | African American baseball players - History. | Negro leagues - History. | Baseball - United States - History. | Kansas City Monarchs (Baseball team) - History. | Wilkinson, J. L., 1878-1964.
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Archive for July 28th, 2009
- In: Art | Crafts | Inspiration
- 1 Comment
Paper Works exhibition at Flow Gallery is running from July 24th until September 19th and features amazing paper art by a number of artists. There will also be workshops run by two of the artists – Lizzie Thomas on 25th July, and Michelle Holden on the 12th September.
Tags: Art, flow gallery, paper, papercraft
Fantastic Telephone Table Makeover
Posted July 28, 2009on:
- In: Before & After | DIY | Repurposing
- 4 Comments
This is a great before and after – Kathryn worked her magic on an old telephone table that was fit for the dump, using paint for Colortrend and fabric from Ikea. I think this is better than anything you could buy new – more proof that a little creativity goes a long way 🙂


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From an episode of Eat It
Running an Independent Cinema in the Era of Streaming on Summer Stock
From working London's ritzy odeons to organising pop-up screenings in Melbourne's outer suburbs, Gus Berger knows great cinema is fit to be shown anywhere. The owner/operator of Thornbury Picture House joins Summer Stock to chat about the ins and outs of his latest business venture. Built inside what was once one of Melbourne's first petrol stations, Thornbury Picture House hosts all manner of films from modern blockbusters to silent classics. The tricky part? Juggling digital and analogue while trying to cater to all audiences.
Listen to Running an Independent Cinema in the Era of Streaming on Summer Stock13:16∙13 January 2019∙