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|Fresnel lens and liquid crystal display device
|Iigahama et al.
|Illuminating apparatus, projection lens, and display apparatus including the illumination apparatus and the projection lens
|Masumoto et al.
|Projection type image display apparatus
|Scanning apparatus
|Solid state image sensor and manufacturing method thereof.
This invention relates to electrical devices having arrays of pixels, for example liquid crystal displays or optical image sensors. The invention is particularly concerned with devices having arrays of pixels which are divided into sub-arrays.
In order to make possible the manufacture of large area arrays, it is known to form a device from a plurality of sub-arrays of pixels which are arranged beside each other in order to provide a large composite array. The known problem arises, both for image sensors and for displays, that it is desirable to disguise the join between the sub-arrays. Generally, this may be achieved in one of two ways. One possibility is to use sub-arrays which may be abutted together, whilst maintaining a uniform pixel pitch across the join. Obviously, this requires very accurate machining of the sub-arrays, particularly when the pixel dimensions are to be reduced to a minimum size, to increase the resolution of the device. Also, electrical connections to peripheral circuitry can not be made along abutting edges, restricting the number of sub-arrays that can be used. The alternative possibility is to employ an optical system, which enables the sub-arrays to be slightly spaced apart. The present invention concerns an optical solution to the problem of tiling a plurality of sub-arrays to enable the manufacture of a larger array.
The basic principle underlying the use of an optical system to enable tiling of sub-arrays is that the optical system should provide an optical enlargement of each sub-array, so that the image of the sub-arrays produced by the optical system constitutes a uniform image, and the joins between the sub-arrays have been eliminated. In other words, in the case of a display, an enlarged view of the sub-arrays is viewed, and in the case of an image sensor, the image to be sensed is divided into portions which are reduced in size for sensing by the sub-arrays.
This basic concept of optical enlargement could, for example, suggest the use of the arrangement employed in a Galilean telescope, as represented schematically in FIG. 1. Three sub-arrays are represented as 10, 20 and 30, each having an associated diverging lens 11, 21, 31 and an associated converging lens 12, 22, 32. Such an arrangement can maintain parallel beams at the output of the converging lenses, whilst providing enlargement. However, the image seen from the viewing area VA is an enlarged virtual image of each sub-array 10, 20, 30. For a display, this presents the problem that the range of viewing angles may be limited, because viewing from different angles will result in some loss of the image at the boundaries, since these images are virtual and may be partially hidden by the lens apertures. In the case of an image sensor, imaging must take place at the real optical focus of the optical system, so the arrangement of FIG. 1 will only work if a supplementary optical system is provided to image the document at the virtual image plane.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,321,628 discloses an image scanning system in which a linear array of photosensitive elements is divided into sub-arrays which are spaced apart. Each sub-array is associated with a pair of converging lenses which effectively focus a non-inverted image of the sub-array onto a platen 10, where a document can be placed for scanning. The sensor arrangement of U.S. Pat. No. 4,321,628 requires converging lenses of sufficient power to produce a focused image of each entire sub-array at the platen, and this imposes a significant distance between the array and the document to be sensed. Size constraints are, of course, equally important in the case of displays where the overall depth of a display panel is to be maintained as small as possible.
According to the present invention there is provided an electrical device comprising an array of pixels, and having a plurality of electrical panels, each panel providing a respective sub-array of pixels, an array of lens elements being associated with each panel. Each lens element is associated with a group of one or more pixels of the sub-array, the lens elements being arranged with a pitch which is greater than the pitch of the associated groups of pixels.
In accordance with the invention, a lens array is provided over each sub-array of pixels, and the lens array covers a greater area than the area of the sub-array (by virtue of the greater pitch). The general outline of the lens array is similar to the panel shape, for example a square lens array over a square panel, or a rectangular lens array over a rectangular panel.
The lens elements preferably comprise microlens elements. For example, a microlens may be associated with each pixel, in which case the pitch of the microlenses is greater than the pitch of the pixels. Alternatively, a microlens may be associated with a group of pixels, for example a square of n×n pixels. In this case, the pitch of the microlenses is greater than n times the pitch of the pixels. The "pitch of associated groups of pixels" as referred to above and in the following description and claims is intended to indicate n times the individual pixel pitch, where the group of pixels has a dimension of n pixels. Although described as square, the group of pixels could be rectangular , hexagonal or some other shape. The value of n, when referring to a dimension of n pixels, does not have to be an integer.
The greater pitch of the lens elements results in the microlens array thereby receiving a diverging image from the sub-array of pixels (or producing a converging image to the sub-array of pixels). This gives rise to a focused real image of the sub-array which is greater in size than the sub-array, thereby enabling tiling to form a large area imaging or display device.
Each panel may comprise a converging field lens associated with all pixels of the sub-array, the field lenses of adjacent panels substantially abutting one another, and having the same general shape as the respective panel, for example a square field lens associated with a square panel. This enables the light beams incident upon, or emitted by, each pixel of the sub-array to travel substantially perpendicularly to the plane of the sub-array in the active area of the device. For the purposes of this description, the active area is defined as the viewing area of a display, or the area in which a document to be imaged is positioned for an image sensor.
The microlens array and the respective field lens may be combined as a single unit, by providing the array of lens elements on a face of the field lens.
A diverging lens may be provided adjacent each panel between the respective panel and the lens array, and associated with all pixels of the sub-array. This ensures that light is incident to, or emitted from, each pixel substantially normally or at the same angle. This gives better contrast in the case of a display, and improved light collection in the case of an image sensor.
A non-inverting lens arrangement may be associated with each panel, the non-inverting lens arrangement including the lens array and at least one further lens array, the lens elements of the lens array and the at least one further lens array being arranged with different pitches, each greater than the pitch of the associated group of pixels. The use of a non-inverting lens arrangement simplifies the alignment of the lens arrangement with the panels.
As described above, the electrical device of the invention may comprise a display or an image sensor. In either case, each lens element is preferably associated with a plurality of pixels. Each panel may comprise a further array of lens elements arranged such that light incident on or emitted by each pixel of the panel is substantially telecentric in the active area of the device. This enables light beams associated with each pixel to project perpendicularly to the plane of the sub-array, in the active area of the device.
The lens elements of the lens array may have a diameter substantially corresponding to their pitch, so that the lens elements substantially abut one another. This is preferred with displays, where a large field of view is desired. A diffusing surface may also be included to increase the field of view.
However, for image sensors, the diameter of the lens elements may be less than the pitch of lens elements with at least a portion of the space between the lens elements being filled with opaque material. Thus, the open aperture of each lens element may be reduced, and this has the advantage of improving the depth of focus for an image sensor, for example in document scanning applications.
In addition, means may be provided for blocking the passage of light between each pixel and regions of the active area other than a region associated with the respective pixel. This avoids the appearance of ghost images in a captured image, or improves the quality of a displayed image. This means may comprise blocking arrangements of opaque material, and/or aperture arrays.
FIG. 1 shows a conventional telescope arrangement for optical enlargement, the arrangement being applied to sub-arrays;
FIG. 2 shows a panel and associated optical arrangement of an electrical device according to the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a device according to the invention comprising three of the panels of FIG. 2; and
FIGS. 4 to 14 show various modifications to the optical arrangement associated with each panel.
FIG. 2 shows the optical arrangement associated with one panel 10, having a sub-array of pixels 11, and which provides an optical enlargement of the sub-array in the active area 13. This enlargement may of course equally be considered as a reduction for light travelling in the opposite direction. As a result, the invention is equally applicable to tiled image sensors as to tiled displays. In the following description, advantages of a particular feature may be described with reference only to one of these two applications of the invention. These advantages will normally be equally applicable to both image and display applications, unless particular considerations apply.
For the purposes of tiling, the enlargement described above may be used to produce an enlarged image of display panels so that a continuous real image may be produced of spaced panels. Alternatively, portions of a complete continuous image in the active area 13 may be scaled down by the optical system to enable these portions to be sensed by different spaced image sensing panels.
In general terms, the invention provides a lens array 40 associated with the sub-array of pixels of each panel 10, and which comprises an array of individual lens elements 42. The lens elements may comprise shaped microlenses. However, other forms of small scale converging lens element may be employed, for example graded-index lenses (which rely upon non-uniform refractive index within the lens element instead of relying upon the shape of the boundary between media of different refractive indices). It is equally possible to fabricate arrays of holographic lenses or of diffractive elements. These possibilities will all be evident to those skilled in the art.
In the example shown in FIG. 2, each microlens 42 can be considered to be associated with an individual pixel 11 of the sub-array. The pitch of the microlenses 42 is slightly greater than the pitch of the pixels 11, such that the microlens array 40 occupies a greater area than the area of the sub-array. The spacing of the microlens array 40 from the sub-array and the spacing from the active area are selected according to the focal length of each microlens element 42, in such a way that an image of each pixel is produced by the optical system at the surface of the display or at the surface where a document to be imaged is positioned. It is preferred that the local enlargement of each pixel by the microlenses corresponds to the global enlargement of the entire sub-array by virtue of the pitch of the microlenses. The single microlens array 40 is sufficient, to provide the required focusing and enlargement of the image of the sub-array to enable tiling of display or image sensor sub-arrays.
An additional factor influencing the desired local magnification produced by the microlenses 42 is the "open area" of the pixels. If the light responsive portion of a pixel 11 occupies a relatively small area, compared to the area of the panel 10 associated with that pixel, then an increased magnification of the microlenses 42 may be desirable so that the output of the display is continuous, or an image sensor receives signals representing the entire image to be sensed.
Microlens arrays are known, and the microlens array used in the present invention may be formed by known techniques. The precise technique to be adopted will depend upon the size of the microlens elements to be adopted.
If a microlens is to be associated with each pixel, very small microlenses are required. In such a case, it is known to form shaped lens elements of diameter as low as 50 μm from reformed thermoplastic resin. For this purpose, a substrate of the array 40 (usually glass) is coated with a thermoplastic resin layer, which may be applied by means of spin coating. Subsequent patterning of the thermoplastic resin may be carried out by means of photolithography. This gives a thermoplastic resin layer having discrete portions, each corresponding to an individual microlens 42, in the desired positions. Thermal reflow of the resin layer at a pre-determined temperature causes the thermoplastic resin to reform in a convex lens shape.
Various methods for producing microlens arrays, whether shaped, graded-index, or diffractive, are described in the article "Microlens Arrays" in Physics World July 1991, pages 27-32. Those skilled in the art will be familiar with the methods by which microlens arrays may be formed.
If a group of pixels is associated with each microlens, it will be possible to increase the size of each microlens to enable less expensive fabrication techniques. In this case, the shaped microlens array may be formed by known mould techniques. For example, a mould may be formed by creating indentations in a metal plate, and this mould may be used to make plastic lenses on a glass substrate or a plastic sheet.
As can be seen in FIG. 2, the effect of the microlens array 40 covering a larger area than the sub array of pixels 11 of the panel 10 is to cause divergence of the signals from the sub-array. It may be desirable to deflect the diverging beams to a substantially normal direction, and this can be achieved by using a field lens 44, which is a converging lens having a power suitable to deflect the beams from the microlenses 42 (or at least the beams on the optical axes of the microlenses 42) to substantially normal parallel beams.
This field lens (and any other lenses described below having a size commensurate with the size of the panel) may be formed by known moulding techniques in the case of plastic lenses, or known grinding and polishing operations in the case of glass lenses. The field lenses abut one another to form the continuous display surface or imaging surface.
In the case of a display, greater image contrast is sometimes obtained by viewing the display from a certain direction, for example with Liquid Crystal Displays. It may therefore be desirable to view light from the pixels which has been emitted normally to the sub-array of pixels 11 or at a predetermined angle through the sub array. For this purpose, it may be desirable to introduce a diverging lens 46 adjacent the sub-array, such that the light directed to the microlenses 42 are deflections of beams which have been emitted normally or at a predetermined angle from the sub-array. Displacement of the optical axis of the lens 46 away from the centre line of the panel will alter the predetermined angle. Likewise, light entering an image sensing pixel normally is less likely to be attenuated through absorption or reflection before reaching the light responsive surface of the pixel.
Another important design parameter which influences the individual microlens design is the desired spread of light within the active area 13. The shorter the focal length of the microlenses, for a given diameter microlens, the thinner will be the display or image sensing module, which is of course desirable. However, a shorter focal length leads to an increased angle of spread, α shown in FIG. 2.
In the case of a display, a higher value of α will result in a greater range of viewing angles. The value of α may also be further increased by making one surface of the lens 44 to be a diffuser. However, in the case of an image sensor a reduction in the value of α is desired so that the depth of focus is improved.
One way to improve the depth of focus for an image sensor is to reduce the open area of each microlens 42, for example by having smaller microlens elements 42 surrounded by opaque material. This is shown in embodiments described below.
FIG. 3 shows three of the sub-arrays of FIG. 2 arranged side by side, with the sub-arrays 10, 20, 30 spaced apart from one another, and with the optical system producing a continuous image. This enables imaging of a large area using small sub-arrays of image sensing elements, or enables tiling of images from small display panels to form a continuous large image.
When the tiled system shown in FIG. 3 is used as a display, a real tiled image is formed at the surface of the field lenses 44. This enables an improved field of viewing angles for the display without losses at the boundary. To improve the quality of the image at the join of sub-arrays, information displayed by boundary pixels may be duplicated as represented in FIG. 3. To achieve uniform brightness it may be necessary to display signals of the boundary of each sub-array with a modified intensity.
One problem with the optical system associated with the sub-array shown in FIG. 2 is that a single microlens 42 is required for each pixel 11 of the display or image sensor. Where, for example, high resolution image sensing is desired, this will require microlenses of very small dimensions, which may be difficult to fabricate, as discussed above. One of the possible ways to overcome this is for each microlens 42 to be associated with more than one pixel of the sub-array. For example, each microlens 42 may be associated with a square group of pixels, for example 3×3 pixels 111, 112, 113 . . . , as shown in FIG. 4. This reduces the number of microlenses required in the microlens array 40, but of course locally inverts the numbering of the row and columns which requires some signal processing. This is also represented in FIG. 4 using the arrow symbol. For simplicity, each group of pixels has been shown as 3×3 pixels. Of course, a group of pixels may include many more pixels, enabling an increase in the size of each lens element.
FIG. 4 also shows an additional microlens array 48 adjacent the sub-array 10. When each microlens 42 is associated with more than one pixel, the light to or from each pixel enters or leaves each pixel at a different angle. This gives different contrasts for the signals produced by different display pixels associated with each microlens, or gives different light collecting efficiency for different image sensor pixels associated with each microlens. The second microlens array 48 has lens elements 49 of greater pitch than the groups of pixels of the sub-array, and ensures that light enters or leaves each pixel from substantially the same range of directions. This is represented schematically in FIG. 5.
In FIG. 5 part A, pixel 113 receives or emits light almost normally, whereas pixel 11, only receives or emits light at a significant angle to the normal. The additional microlens 49, shown in FIG. 5 part B results in substantially equal entry/departure angles for each pixel in the group. In a preferred embodiment, the microlens array 49 may be combined with the diverging field lens 46 of FIG. 2. This enables parallel beams to enter or be emitted by each pixel, and centred normally to the sub array of pixels 11, as shown in FIG. 5 part C.
FIG. 6 shows an alternative arrangement to that of FIG. 2, in which the field lens 44 and microlens array 40 have been positioned in the opposite order with respect to the panel 10. The arrangement which is desired will depend upon the ease of manufacture. In FIG. 6 the microlenses are positioned with opposite orientation to those of FIGS. 2 to 4 so that a flat substrate of the microlens array may provide a document imaging platen, in the same way that a flat surface of the field lens 44 in FIG. 4 may also be used as a document imaging surface.
The field lens 44 and microlens array 40 may be combined as a single unit as shown in FIG. 7 and 8, with the flat surface of the field lens 44 acting as the substrate for the microlens array 40, or as a surface to which the microlens array module may be bonded.
If a flat outer surface is desired for providing a document imaging platen, then the microlenses could be combined on the curved surface of the field lens 44 as shown in FIG. 9. The field lens may be supported on a relatively thick window 45, which may act as a locating surface for a document to be imaged. This will ensure that a document to be imaged will be positioned within the depth of focus 64, shown in FIG. 9.
This depth of focus is an important consideration for document scanning applications, because even if a document is deformed (creased) in certain areas, it is desirable for all parts of the document surface to be within the range where effective focusing takes place, namely within the depth of focus. As shown in FIG. 2, improved depth of focus is obtained by reducing the angle α of dispersion of the beams.
FIG. 10 shows an optical arrangement corresponding to that shown in FIG. 2 but with the microlens array 40 replaced by a microlens array 60 with spaced apart microlenses 62, the spacing being filled by opaque material. This reduces the open area of each microlens 62 and has the effect of increasing the depth of focus, which is desirable for image sensor applications. For an image sensor, an image will be focused if light received by a pixel is received uniquely from the desired portion of the image to be sensed. The depth of focus is the range within which this relationship holds true, and is approximately represented by the range 64 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. In FIG. 10, each microlens 62 is again shown to be associated with a group of pixels of the sub-array 10, in the same way as described with reference to FIG. 4.
In the examples described, the field lens 44 serves to deflect light to form substantially parallel beams within the depth of focus 64. However, when a group of pixels is associated with each lens element, beams will not be parallel in the active area for all pixels. For example, the centre pixel associated with a lens element may correspond to a normal beam in the depth of focus, but the beams associated with the other pixels will diverge from the central normal beam.
FIG. 11 shows a further modification which ensures that the beams associated with all pixels within the depth of focus 64 remain telecentric. This is particularly important for image sensing applications. The provision of telecentric beams within the depth of focus 64 enables a greater depth of focus to be achieved before false signals reduce the imaging quality. An additional microlens array 66 is used for this purpose, and may be combined with the field lens 44 as shown in FIG. 11. In this case, the pitch of the lens elements 68 of the lens array 66 corresponds to the pitch of respective image portions of the document to be imaged. Of course, the lens array 66 and the field lens 44 may be positioned in the opposite order.
The function of this additional microlens array 66 may be combined with the function of the first microlens array 60. In such a case, if the first microlens array 60 is replaced by an array 68 of apertures, as shown in FIG. 12, then suitable choice of the focal length of the microlens array 66 will enable the system to remain telecentric in the active area. Although the microlenses 66 may abut, the value of a is reduced by the apertures of the array 68.
The arrangement of FIG. 10 may, of course, be modified to ensure parallel and normal light entry to each pixel, by using a microlens array with similar function to the microlens array 48 of FIG. 4. This results in the arrangement shown in FIG. 13. The arrangement may also be combined with a diverging field lens 46 as shown in FIG. 2.
As discussed above, for an image sensor with a group of pixels associated with each microlens, the microlenses cause local inversion of the images, so that signal processing is required. It is therefore necessary to know precisely which individual pixels are associated with each lens element. This requires critical positioning of the lens array, to within an accuracy of the dimension of one pixel. Similarly, in the case of a display, the signals emitted by each pixel will need to be processed to ensure a continuous combined image, and it is again necessary to know the precise positioning of each microlens with respect to the pixels of the sub-arrays. This constraint may outweigh the advantages of producing larger microlens elements. A solution to this problem is to use an arrangement of multiple microlens arrays, which produce a non-inverted image of the group of pixels.
FIG. 14 shows an arrangement in which the microlens array 40 of previous embodiments has been replaced by a non-inverting optical arrangement 50.
In FIG. 14, three lens arrays 51, 52, 53 together form a non-inverted image of the original to be recorded. The lens elements of each array are associated with lens elements from each other array and are aligned with these associated lens elements on diverging optical axes. Thus, the microlenses in each array are arranged with a pitch greater than the pitch of the associated pixels, and the three arrays 51, 52, 53, each have different lens pitches. The pitch of lens elements of array 53 is greater than the pitch for array 52, which is in turn greater than the pitch for lens array 51.
The lens array 51 of lens elements forms an inverted image of the corresponding group of pixels close to lens array 52. The lens elements of the array 53 re-invert the image at the lens array 52, so as to form a non-inverted image in the active area 13. The purpose of the lens elements of the second lens array 52 is to prevent light spreading. If the lens array 52 were omitted, light from the lens elements of array 51 could reach several of the lens elements of array 53. To avoid overlapping images, the dimensions of the inverted image near lens 52 must be smaller than the pitch of the lenses in array 52.
The lens arrays 51, 52, 53 are shown on separate substrates. It will be apparent that arrays 51 and 52 could be formed on opposite sides of a single substrate of appropriate thickness. Alternatively, by reversing array 52, arrays 52 and 53 could be formed on a single substrate.
Yet another alternative is for the power in the lens array 52 to be divided between two arrays, each of which is then formed on the other side of either array 51 or array 53. Various other lens arrangements will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 14 also shows the optional diverging lenses 46, as represented in the embodiment of FIG. 2, as well as field lenses 44. The field lenses 44 may also be associated with microlens arrays 66 such as represented in FIG. 11 for maintaining telecentric beams from all pixels. Additionally, or alternatively, a lens array having the function of the lens array 48 of FIG. 4, to ensure normal light entry to or emission from each pixel, may be employed.
When the invention is to be applied to an image sensor or a diffusely lit display, it may be necessary to employ measures to avoid the appearance of ghost images. These occur when light from a particular portion of the image can reach more than one (not necessarily adjacent) pixel of the image sensing array or active viewing area. Various baffles or arrangements of aperture arrays may be employed to prevent signals reaching pixels other than from the desired area. For example, EP 0 576 144 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,888) discloses a solid state image sensor which includes light shielding regions to prevent obliquely entering light reaching the imaging pixels. Such an arrangement may be employed in the present invention, although various other arrangements are possible, and will be understood by those skilled in the art. If each lens covers a large number of pixels, a system of walls arranged in a honeycomb may be used.
The optical arrangement 50 may itself incorporate measures for blocking ghost images. For example, the central lens array 52 may include opaque blocking material between the lens elements, particularly if the focusing of the lens array 51 enables the inverted image formed near to the lens elements of the array 52 to occupy a smaller dimension than the pitch of the lens elements in array 52. Typically an image dimension of about one half of the pitch is desirable.
From reading the present disclosure, other modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. Such modifications may involve other features which are already known in the design and use of electrical or electronic circuits and component parts thereof and which may be used instead of or in addition to features already described herein. Although claims have been formulated in this application to particular combinations of features, it should be understood that the scope of the disclosure of the present application also includes any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or implicitly or any generalisation of one or more of those features which would be obvious to persons skilled in the art, whether or not it relates to the same invention as presently claimed in any claim and whether or not it mitigates any or all of the same technical problems as does the present invention. The applicants hereby give notice that new claims may be formulated to such features and/or combinations of such features during the prosecution of the present application or of any further application derived therefrom.


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- janedw
- 4 years ago
I reserved a block of hotel rooms and thought I got a pretty good deal, But this morning I checked their website and realized I only got 5$ off….When you reserved your rooms how much was your discount?
I reserved a block of hotel rooms and thought I got a pretty good deal, But this morning I checked their website and realized I only got 5$ off….When you reserved your rooms how much was your discount?
I think it was around $25.00
Ours is $10 off the rate per night but includes the $12 valet per day. Valet is the only parking option, so $22.
I think it was 10%.
Mine was about 10% because I didn't want to guarantee reservations. Blocks are a nice to have, not a must have.
Ours is about $10 cheaper than the lowest web price but the lowest web price is non-cancellable, non-refundable and our booking type is changeable up till the day of arrivals. Our rate is about $50 cheaper than the unrestricted rate online.
This is why I didnt do a hotel block. I was going to but then I realized it was too much work and you really werent saving a lot of $$. Especially with all those hotel discount websites nowadays. There's a ton of hotels near my venue anyways, so I'm leaving it up to people to find thier own deals. I think one hotel tried to tell me I would be saving people something like $20 on a room , but then when I looked online I saw that I could book a room at the same hotel for that 'discounted' price!!
Plus, with the hotel blocks, a lot of them (that I found) needed to be booked 3 weeks prior to the event of your dont get the deal… If I was personally gong to a wedding I probably wouldnt think about the hotel until a couple weeks before. I did a lot of investigating into hotel blocks and I ultimatly decided against it.
I live in the city and We are getting married in a small town where there are not many hotels. Having a hotel for my guests unfortunately was a must have. Also we had to have one hotel because we are having shuttle busses that only allow for one pick up and drop off location, so everyone picking their own hotels was not an option.
Also I should mention the price I looked at was from their webdite. Not a discount site …. I think I may call and ask for a bigger discount
janedw: Often block discounts are not very significant discounts from what you can find online, but sometimes have perks. For example, online you might get a room for $150, but it is a non transferable, non refundable room. Whereas block pricing of $145 would be for a full-reservation with the option to cancel without penalty, etc.
However, if you are blocking a large number of rooms, they may be willing to work with you! I would call back and let them know you are hoping to bring in quite a bit of business, and were wondering if they might be able to give you a little more 🙂
My family got a cheaper rate through one of the online booking companies (Orbitz/Expedia), because plane, hotel, and rental car were booked at the same time. The couples' website had a link for guests to click on, to book rooms. We saved about $30 a night over their block rate. So glad we didn't click the link.
We used https://www.jetaport.com/weddings (which is AWESOME) and we did 2 different hotels. One was 22% off, and the other was 5% off.
One hotel gave like a $50/night discount, so that was really awesome. The other two are basically their normal rate, but then my guests are ensured that a room will be available. There's a conference going on at the hotel next door to our venue at the same time as our wedding, so otherwise things would have gotten booked up!
We got a 20% discount on our room block – which was pretty decent.
But our venue is pretty pricey so even with the room block know we are pricing some of our friends out so we came up with alternate arrangements at nearby hotels for half the price as well.
We also started a google doc with available Airbnb properties in the area so everyone could choose something that best suits them 🙂
Our hotel's usual rate is about $259 for a standard room, they gave us a rate of $139 for our guests. So they took off $120 from the regular rate.
We blocked off 10 rooms but will probably not have all of them booked up – thankfully the hotel said there is no financial obligation if not all 10 rooms are booked.
The cheapest rate at the hotel we are having our wedding at is $289, our room rate is $129 per night. We have about 30 rooms blocked.. this is the rate a few days before and after the wedding.
The topic 'Question for people who reserved a block of Hotel rooms' is closed to new replies.


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Buying and selling your home, whether it is a freehold house or a leasehold flat is one of the most costly complex and risk filled transactions you are ever likely to undertake.
What can the conveyancing team at Hudgell & Partners do for you when buying?
How can the conveyancing team help you when selling?
Use the Hudgell & Partners' online conveyancing calculator to work out how much buying and selling a property will cost you. Sometimes it is necessary for us to undertake additional work for you. A list of the most common additional services that we are asked to undertake is on this page.
Disbursements on a Purchase
Local authority, drainage and environmental searches. The cost of these 3 searches is £189.90
Land registry fees. These vary according to the value of the property. See the following link to calculate them Land Registry Fee Calculator
Stamp duty is normally payable when buying a property. The following HMRC calculator will tell you how much Stamp Duty Calculator
On the purchase of leasehold property you may have to pay some or all of the following:
Notice of transfer fee. This fee is usually between £60 and £180
Notice of charge fee. The fee is usually between £60 and £180
Deed of covenant fee. The fee is usually between £60 and £150
Certificate of Compliance fee. The fee is usually between £90 and £150
Disbursements on a Sale
Copy title deeds £6.00 per title plus £11.00 to obtain a copy of your lease.
On the sale of a leasehold property a fee is payable to your landlord or their agent to obtain a leasehold information pack. This fee is normally between £100.00 and £300.00.


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#046 Doubt With Socrates and Nick Pappas
In this episode you'll hear the philosophical history of "doubt" and learn why a healthy dose of skepticism can help us face our fears in work and life today. Philosophy professor Nick Pappas and host Monica McCarthy chat about Socrates' contributions to the topic of doubt and how we can apply his lessons in order to live more well-examined lives.#TheHappierHour
Episode #015 Sinners and Saint Teresa of Ávila and Christia Mercer
Episode #027 Reflections In Wonderland With Gwendalin-Grewal
Episode #041 Storytelling With David Hume and Barry Lam
St. Augustine's Against the Academics (386 CE).
Socratic Dialogue
The Princess Bride
Skepticism and Plato's Academy
Hamlet by William Shakespeare
Stanley Cavell (Nick Pappas' philosopher)
By Nick Pappas:
Nickolas Pappas is a Professor of Philosophy at the Graduate Center and City College of CUNY. He has been at CUNY since 1993. His research is mainly in ancient philosophy and the philosophy of art, subjects in which he has written numerous articles. His books include The Philosophical Guidebook to Plato's Republic (now in its third edition) and most recently The Philosopher's New Clothes, both published by Routledge.


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Politely referred to as 'non-charismatic' or 'unloved' species, some threatened species are at an even greater risk of extinction because they're not valued.
The NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub is offering top-up funding for a current PhD student to research the role of communications in building community buy-in and support for 'non-charismatic species,' as part of Project 6.3.
Potential topics include: 'Increasing support for non-charismatic species: How to get the unloved loved?', and 'Understanding attitudes towards the role of fire and threatened species control in threatened species management', however students will be encouraged to propose other topics within that broader scope.
Students must have their own PhD stipend or scholarship. The annual $7,000 top-up will be offered for three years to augment their PhD stipend.
Applications for RMIT's mid-year PhD scholarships close on Monday 2 May, 2016.
Please contact Georgia Garrard: firstname.lastname@example.com or +61 3 9925 9986.
For more information, click here.
Properties in the Margaret River region have the opportunity to make a significant contribution to conserving the Critically Endangered Western Ringtail Possum. People don't often think of possums as needing our help, but there are actually less western ringtail possums in the world than Bengal tigers.
It is Threatened Species Day on 7 September. If you are a threatened species in Australia, chances are you are on Indigenous-managed land, as it is the last stronghold for many species which have been lost from the wider landscape .
New research has found that habitat loss is a major concern for hundreds of Australian bird species, and south-eastern Australia has been the worst affected. The Threatened Species Recovery Hub study found that half of all native bird species have each lost almost two-thirds of their natural habitat across Victoria, parts of South Australia and New South Wales.
Kanyirninpa Jukurrpa (KJ) Rangers in the Martu Determination have collaborated with Threatened Species Recovery Hub scientists to design a monitoring program for mankarr (the greater bilby). Martu people identified priorities for the bilby monitoring program, then worked with Dr Anja Skroblin from The University of Melbourne to co-develop a monitoring method which brings together Martu knowledge and practice with Western conservation science.
I am a proud Murri from the Kamilaroi Nation in north-west New South Wales. I grew up in western Sydney on Darug land and now live in Canberra on Ngunnawal land.


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I lost my husband/partner of 17 years just over 2 weeks ago. I am broken.Read More
I feel incredibly isolated. I'm looking to connect with others who have experienced this kind of loss as I feel very alone with this in spite of the overwhelming support of my own loved ones.Read More
The non-linear journey of grief took me on a on a path of counsellors a home I felt didn't understand. Due to this I am now in my fourth year of my social work degree and am planning to do my master's in counseling.Read More
I now know what its like to grieve for not only myself, but for you, for all that you will miss out on and for the child that we created. For he will never get to experience you. The only image of you that Zion will ever have, is the one that we create. It will be a beautiful one, but still not as good as the real thingRead More


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Talk for Article "Fact check: Sanders' claim about military spending in the U.S."
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I would be careful about using Think Tanks as a source without evaluating their agenda as Think Tanks are funded to support the conclusion that their donors want to reach and do not have the same rigorous standards that say an academic research team would be required to follow. Specifically with the International Institute for Strategic Studies has been rated by Transparify as the most deceptive Think Tank in the UK:
These numbers keep changing and vary depending on which Think Tank you are using as a source. For example in the same Wiki article the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute has very different totals where, IISS lists United States as spending $643.3Billion SIPRI instead has the US at $610Billion.
Instead of reinventing the wheel I would suggest starting with a Fact Check from Politifact that was done last year where they actually contacted Sanders' office about the out of date information he was using last year:
"Sanders' office, upon being contacted by PolitiFact, cited as his source a 2016 report by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies.
The 2016 report shows that the United States spent about $604.5 billion on its military, which indeed is higher than the next 12 countries combined. China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, India, Japan, France, Germany, South Korea, Australia, Brazil and Italy spent a combined $601 billion in 2016.
However, the most recent IISS report shows the U.S. spending is ahead of the next 10 countries. The United States spent $602.8 billion, while the next 10 countries spent a combined $593 billion.
The change in ratio has more to do with foreign countries than it does with the U.S. military budget. While U.S. spending dipped slightly, Saudi Arabia boosted spending by nearly $20 billion. China and Brazil increased spending by about $5 billion apiece.
PolitiFact alerted Sanders' office to the updated IISS numbers.
"We will update our talking points," Sanders spokesman Josh Miller-Lewis said."
Another recent article mentioning Sanders' in fact points to the important fact that with the recent increase we're probably going to be spending more than even the next 10 countries if they keep a similar spending trend as last year while the U.S. increases its military budget as it looks like will happen.
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I found this link on Wikipedia that seems very relevant to our report:


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The first week of 2019 came in with a freaking bang. Scandals, lies, and corruption were the order of the week, this included the FCC's CVAA for disabled gamers, which forces developers making games after January 1st, 2019 to consider adding options for disabled gamers as a defacto standard. We also learned that PayPal and Mastercard aren't the ones initiating the deplatforming, but are actually victims of bullying from the FDIC and Department of Justice's mutant legislation that has turned into an unconstitutional violation of the First Amendment in the form of "Operation Choke Point", which began back in 2013. It's literally like something right out of Deus Ex, only few people know about it and a heck of a lot of people are slowly being affected by it each and every day.
Oh, and Slightly Mad Studios decided to make their own game console called the Mad Box. It's designed to rival the PS5 and whatever the heck Microsoft's new Xbox console is supposed to be. It won't be due out until several years for now but talk is rampant from the boys at SMS. There was also a ridiculous story where a developer from Insomniac Games who organized harassment of a female 3D artist because the artist didn't like how Lady in Devil May Cry 5 had a man-jaw with masculine traits. These crazy-arse stories and more in this January 5th, 2019 New Year's edition of the Weekly Recap.
Lawyer Seeks To File Complaints With FTC About Paypal, Patreon
There's a possibility that PayPal and Patreon could end up getting hit hard with Federal sanctions if a complaint successfully goes through from a lawyer with the FTC regarding both companies colluding to get people banned from their services. A soy boy working at a vape shop got fired after he flew off the handle at a Trump supporter who came into the shop to buy some strawberry vape for his wife; the video went viral and the vape store deleted their social media accounts after getting all the wrong kind of media attention. Namco producer Katsuhiro Harada managed to save the e-sports scene for Dragon Ball FighterZ after stepping and stepping up to become the head of strategy over the e-sports division at Bandai Namco. And Soulja Boy may be in for the time of his life as Nintendo readies its lawyers to take the rapper to court over illegally selling Nintendo games via his Chinese knockoff game console through his online store. And it doesn't look like Persona 5 R is coming to the Nintendo Switch, as it appears to be a PlayStation exclusive.
Paypal, Mastercard Bans Due To Operation Choke Point
PayPal and Mastercard have been banning people left and right, but it turns out that it may not be that the payment processors are getting woke, but it's that the FDIC has been putting pressure on payment processors in order to get them to stop doing business with other outfits they don't like. And speaking of PayPal bans, Hacker News has been banned from PayPal, but the reasons are hazy, and PayPal won't give any clear reasons why. The new Teslasuit will be a breakthrough in tech for motion capture, biometric data feedback, haptic vibrations… and most importantly, VR porn. And an Insomniac Games developer decided to who just wanted to point out the manliness of Lady in Devil May Cry 5.
Slightly Mad Wants To Make A Mad Game Console
Slightly Mad Studios is working on their very own game console called the Mad Game Console. It's supposed to arrive in a few years and do away with the whole exclusive game content barrier that some consoles rely on, but most people think it's a pipe dream. The FCC is also requiring all games in development after January 1st, 2019 to include accessibility options for disabled gamers, otherwise the studios could face some hefty fines from the FCC. Have you considered watching the Bird Box? Well, before you go in you might want to examine what the film does to comply with the current Left's orthodoxy for media entertainment with an article breaking down just how woke the movie is. Japan has made console modding illegal, along with the tools used to modify saved games. The Fortnite merchandise store now accepts cryptocurrency. And after Star Control: Origins got pulled from Steam and GOG.com due to a DMCA, Stardock Entertainment decided to sell the game directly through their own storefront for the time being.
More Than 20 Outlets Publish Fake News About Overwatch Player Quitting Due To Harassment
There's a ridiculous story going around that a female e-sports competitor had to quit the little leagues of the Overwatch Contenders arena because she got harassed. However, it turns out that it's all fake news and she never got harassed because she isn't real, but that didn't stop more than 20 enthusiast media outlets from running with the fake news to push the SJW agenda onto normies. Slightly Mad Studios released new images of the Mad Box game console, giving gamers a firsthand look at the new console. The U.K. Army also decided to get woke with it's "inclusive" ads featuring "diverse" recruits, including gamers, millennials, and snowflakes. Doctor Who's ratings continue to plummet, and in a twist of good news to round out the week, Valve allowed Niplheim's Hunter to release on Steam after originally preventing it from releasing. They said it was just a "misunderstanding".


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Daily Debrief: What Happened Today
Singapore to focus on digital economy, trade facilitation as Asean chair in 2018
SINGAPORE will pursue a set of tangible deliverables that aim to deepen regional connectivity, and position Asean as a region for seamless economic activity as the Republic take on Asean chairmanship in 2018.
Singapore July retail sales up 1.8% y-o-y
RETAIL sales in July showed modest signs of recovery as it notched gains year on year (y-o-y), a continuation of the upward trend seen in June.
Private condo resale prices up 0.7% in August, volumes up 19.2%: SRX Property
NON-LANDED private residential resale prices inched up 0.7 per cent in August from July, led by the prime and suburban regions, and accompanied by a monthly increase in transaction volumes.
GIC-backed Bandhan is said to select banks for 50b rupee IPO
Bandhan Bank, the first Indian microfinance lender to get a banking permit, has picked arrangers for an initial public offering that could raise at least 50 billion rupees (S$1.05 billion), people with knowledge of the matter said.
China jails 26 over US$7.6b Ponzi scheme
TWO senior executives of a collapsed peer-to-peer lender were sentenced to life in prison and 24 others punished over what has been called China's biggest-ever Ponzi scheme, state media reported Tuesday.
The STI Today
Singapore stocks finish higher in quiet trading
ACTIVITY in local stocks remained subdued on Tuesday as traders appeared relatively unexcited by Wall Street's all-time Monday high.


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Go Out and Play!
I don't know about you, but I can spend an entire day sitting quite contentedly in front of my computer. It's not a computer, it's a world. I can learn, create, teach, socialize, and entertain myself.
Then why do I feel so FREE and HAPPY and EXHILARATED when I get up, pull out my art supplies, and begin to make something by hand?
I want to run up to everyone...well, okay, not everyone ...but I want to grab people and say "Come with me, I promise you'll be glad you did!' and put paints and papers and brushes and pencils and pens and markers and all kinds of colorful stuff in front of them, and set them free to PLAY. And if they're hesitant, I'll show them how to add this to that here, try these and those there, and see where it takes them.
Is creativity innate or learned? Both! A resounding BOTH! For most of my life, I was sure I didn't have a creative bone in my body. My attempts at sketching looked like a child's drawing at best. No big deal...I didn't feel like I was missing out on anything. Then I took a trip to Africa, brought along a borrowed camera, and lo and behold came home with some pretty nice pix. On a whim, I decided to glue the photos onto notecards and give them to friends and family as holiday gifts. Everyone loved them...and so it began. Now I regularly recycle my photographs, both old and new, by transforming them as I incorporate them into one medium or another.
You can do it, too...come out and play!


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Melo Labs UK wants to congratulate The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge on the birth of their son and third child and sixth in line to the throne. Welcoming a baby into the world is always such a happy occasion, even the most jaded and cynical amongst us can't help but smile when seeing a new born baby. The prospect of a new life and what they may offer the world is exciting for all of us, not just the parents.
The new generation of royals are now starting to put their individual stamp on the United Kingdom. We hope they continue to think about environmental issues and how they will affect generations to follow. With the guidance and patronage of His Royal Highness, The Prince of Wales, who has always championed these sorts of concerns we hope to see even more renewed vigour and interest. Melo Labs UK is committed to the safeguarding of our environment with the launch of IKO, our finger toothbrush. It's patented polymer and all the inner and outer packaging are fully recyclable and made from non-toxic materials. Who knows, perhaps Melo Labs UK will receive its own royal warrant one day. How amazing it would be for us to be able to supply the royal household. Watch this space!!


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Tampa is already a great place to live, so it shouldn't surprise you to learn the city is also one of the best places in the country for a "staycation." If you have some vacation time coming up, or you're looking for a place to entertain your kids during spring break, don't worry about finding an exotic destination. Stay home and have a blast on your Tampa staycation!
Busch Gardens
Florida Aquarium
Get up close and personal with some of Florida's most beautiful marine and plant wildlife. Follow the Wetlands Trail through the aquarium's atrium to see alligators, otters, and native birds, then continue into the Coral Reef exhibit for a 500,000 gallon natural seawater tank filled with sea turtles, eels, sharks and more. Stop by the Stingray Zone for a petting experience, see a movie in the 4D Theater, and splash around outside on The Splash Pad. The Florida Aquarium in Downtown Tampa is often ranked as one of the best aquariums in the U.S., well worth a stop on your Tampa staycation.
Lowry Park Zoo
Featuring over 1,600 animals, water play areas, rides, shows, and restaurants, Lowry Park Zoo in Seminole Heights is an awesome place to have some animal-inspired fun! There are also several annual events held at the zoo such as Summer Safari Night, Zoo and BBQ and Zoo Brews. Open daily 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Museum of Science and Industry
The Museum of Science and Industry in North Tampa, aka MOSI, is a museum complex featuring several STEM-inspired exhibits, an IMAX Theater, Planetarium and a Science Works Theater. MOSI is located across from University of South Florida on Fowler Ave. It's the perfect destination for curious minds, no matter the age!
Now then... there's a reason we put these four attractions together at the top. With the Tampa Bay CityPass, you can visit all four destinations (plus the Clearwater Marine Aquarium) for one low price — up to 51% off what you would pay for separate admissions! You can begin using your CityPass up to six months after you buy it, and once you visit the first attraction you have nine days to visit the others. It's perfect for a week-long Tampa staycation!
Hillsborough River State Park
Looking for a more rugged staycation experience? Head up Highway 301 to Hillsborough River State Park for a piece of the great outdoors! The park offers (among other things) hiking, canoeing, fishing, swimming, picnicking and camping.
Whatever kind of fun you're looking to have on your time off, a Tampa staycation will surely not disappoint! Check out the Tampa Bay CityPass to get the best bang for your fun buck and get out there and enjoy Tampa!
Make sure you register online at 813area and 727area to stay up-to-date on all the fun things to do Tampa Bay. It's free and it's awesome!


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Whiteboards are a great study tool. This page contains instructions for making your own whiteboard.
Share on ThriftyFunThis page contains the following solutions. Have something to add? Please share your solution!
You can make little "white boards" to use while working with kids or for them to use in the car with any pieces of cardboard that are coated with a slick surface. Or use a piece of metal painted a light color. I recycled several different surfaces, including slick portfolio covers and an old magnetic play board, to use when I was tutoring a lot. Use pens meant for white boards with them, of course.
Ask a QuestionHere are the questions asked by community members. Read on to see the answers provided by the ThriftyFun community or ask a new question.
My daughter wants a very large "white board" but the commercially available ones are prohibitively expensive. Does anyone have a suggestion for making one which she can use in her apartment? As a graduate student, she needs a significant space on which to write.
By TheOldLadyoftheVillage from Philadelphia suburb
You can buy the white laminate material at Lowes or Home Depot very cheaply. It comes by the foot. They also sell the white paint that drys into the dry erase, but I haven't had as good of luck with it.
This one is easy. Home improvement centers sell a 4 x 8 sheet of tileboard or showerboard. They will cuy it to size if you like. Just nail or screw it to the wall. If she wants she can put a border of ribbon, bulletin board trim or whatever she likes around the edges.
I might do to try a white contact paper on a sheet or large square of cardboard if you are looking to economize..
If you go to any paint dealer, you can buy chalkboard paint. A layer or two of this on any wall transforms the entire wall into a chalkboard, and it can be painted over when she is ready to move. Plus, chalk is cheaper, and more eco-friendly. No plastic to discard when the marker dries up!
I'm not sure the cost, but white/frosted glass works very nicely as a white board and looks great if mounted properly. Cheaper than White boards themselves and I'm pretty sure a glass shop will cut it to size.
There is a new kind of paint that you can buy (sorry, I forget its name) that paints a whiteboard onto your wall. It comes in several colors, so it can match any decorating scheme.
I made grid lines on my whiteboard with tape; now I would like to reglaze it so I could write over it without getting hungup with the marker. What product could I use and where could I get it? Thanks.
By Mike from Drumheller, Alberta, Canada
This sounds like a tricky project to me. I don't think there is such a product. Why don't you make lines on your whiteboard with a permanent marker? These will last a long time, but are, of course, very easy to write over top of, and are removable with your board cleaner.


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Arrest Records Search for Tayarray Sims
1 Traffic Violation, DUI and Criminal Records Matched for Tayarray Sims
We have found 1 matching profile in Lawrence, PA for Tayarray Sims.
What you'll find
Each person's records contain a unique arrest ID where information on arrest history, convictions, jail time, traffic violations, DUIs, DWIs and court records could be found.
Arrest Records by Age
Tayarray Sims was 39 years old when arrested in Lawrence, PA.
Police Reports & Mugshots for Tayarray Sims
- Aliases: SIMS TARRAY; SIMS TAYARRAY
- Date of Birth: 07-10-1977 00:00:00
- Arrest Date:
- Age: 39
- Sex: Male
- Race: Black
- Ethnicity:
- Height: 6' 00"
- Weight:
- Hair:
- Eye:
- Place of Birth: Pennsylvania
- Address:
- State: Pennsylvania
- Total Bond:
- Booking Date:
- Location: SMITHFIELD
- Summary: Police in the area of Lawrence, Pennsylvania arrested Tayarray Sims. Sims is 39 years old. All criminal suspects including Tayarray Sims are innocent until proven guilty. More information on this incident is available from the following police agencies: Lawrence County Law Enforcement.


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Menstrual Periods Volume 1, Book 6, Number 293: Narrated Al-Qasim: 'Aisha said, "We set out with the sole intention of performing Hajj and when we reached Sarif, (a place six miles from Mecca) I got my menses. Allah's Apostle came to me while I was weeping. He said 'What is the matter with you? Have you got your menses?' I ... Read More »
Rubbing hands and feet with dust (Tayammum)
Rubbing hands and feet with dust (Tayammum) Volume 1, Book 7, Number 330: Narrated 'Aisha: (the wife of the Prophet) We set out with Allahs Apostle on one of his journeys till we reached Al-Baida' or Dhatul-Jaish, a necklace of mine was broken (and lost). Allah's Apostle stayed there to search for it, and so did the people along with ... Read More »
Prayers (Salat)
Prayers (Salat) Volume 1, Book 8, Number 345: Narrated Abu Dhar: Allah's Apostle said, "While I was at Mecca the roof of my house was opened and Gabriel descended, opened my chest, and washed it with Zam-zam water. Then he brought a golden tray full of wisdom and faith and having poured its contents into my chest, he closed it. ... Read More »
Virtues of the Prayer Hall (Sutra of the Musalla)
Virtues of the Prayer Hall (Sutra of the Musalla) Volume 1, Book 9, Number 472: Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: Once I came riding a she-ass when I had just attained the age of puberty. Allah's Apostle was offering the prayer at Mina with no wall in front of him and I passed in front of some of the row. There I ... Read More »
Times of the Prayers
Times of the Prayers Volume 1, Book 10, Number 500: Narrated Ibn Shihab: Once'Umar bin 'Abdul 'Aziz delayed the prayer and 'Urwa bin Az-Zubair went to him and said, "Once in 'Iraq, Al-MughTra bin Shu'ba delayed his prayers and Abi Mas'ud Al-Ansari went to him and said, 'O Mughira! What is this? Don't you know that once Gabriel came and ... Read More »
Call to Prayers (Adhaan)
Call to Prayers (Adhaan) Volume 1, Book 11, Number 577: Narrated Anas: The people mentioned the fire and the bell (they suggested those as signals to indicate the starting of prayers), and by that they mentioned the Jews and the Christians. Then Bilal was ordered to pronounce Adhan for the prayer by saying its wordings twice, and for the Iqama ... Read More »
Characteristics of Prayer
Characteristics of Prayer Volume 1, Book 12, Number 699: Narrated Anas bin Malik Al-Ansari: Allah's Apostle rode a horse and fell down and the right side of his body was injured. On that day he prayed one of the prayers sitting and we also prayed behind him sitting. When the Prophet finished the prayer with Taslim, he said, "The Imam ... Read More »
Friday Prayer
Friday Prayer Volume 2, Book 13, Number 1: Narrated Abu Huraira: I heard Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) saying, "We (Muslims) are the last (to come) but (will be) the foremost on the Day of Resurrection though the former nations were given the Holy Scriptures before us. And this was their day (Friday) the celebration of which was made compulsory for them ... Read More »
Fear Prayer
Fear Prayer Volume 2, Book 14, Number 64: Narrated Shu'aib: I asked Az-Zuhri, "Did the Prophet ever offer the Fear Prayer?" Az-Zuhri said, "I was told by Salim that 'Abdullah bin Umar I had said, 'I took part in a holy battle with Allah's Apostle I in Najd. We faced the enemy and arranged ourselves in rows. Then Allah's Apostle ... Read More »
Revelation Volume 1, Book 1, Number 1: Narrated 'Umar bin Al-Khattab: I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions and every person will get the reward according to what he has intended. So whoever emigrated for worldly benefits or for a woman to marry, his emigration was for what he emigrated for." Volume 1, Book ... Read More »


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Vanilla Butter Cake with Lemon Cream and Berries
Surprise, I'm Pregnant!
Home Renos of Our First Home: Before And After
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This Inverter Pcb Assembly has undergone a professional surface assembly (SMT Assembly). We have extensive experience and capabilities in material acidification, manufacturing, testing and quality management. It uses good surface mount technology (SMT) and through hole technology (THT). It passes HAL, HAL lead-free, immersion gold/silver/tin, OSP surface treatment. Inverter Pcb Assembly has a board internal module, a display panel or a signal transmission board. It has a FW design control program. It has undergone a full range of SPI, AOI, ICT, FCT, X-RAY, ROHS and product aging tests, so its quality is very good. Inverter Pcb Assembly is suitable for industrial, automotive, computing, storage, consumer, instrumentation, medical, networking, peripherals and telecommunications.


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Beauty may only be skin deep, but women's pockets are deeper than ever--and advertisers want to cash in on the endless quest for outer perfection.
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Gloria Steinem in an outtake from the documentary Miss Representation, written/directed/produced द्वारा Jennifer Siebel Newsom.
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Musings on the E3 incident in which a male journalist whistled at a female developer.
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Today with their attorney Gloria Allred, Occidental College sexual abuse victim held a press conference to take a stand against Occidental College Policies regarding the way sexual assualt victims are treated.
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thingtoocoolforyou defines consent and responds to claims against consent.
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Women In The Corporate Work Place द्वारा Rebekah Starr - regarding her doc 'MY WAY.' Rebekah left her small PA town and Corporate American to form The Rebekah Starr Band in Los Angeles.


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Colonial style home with a partially finished basement available. Great location, near restaurants and attractions. Home features: open floor plan, large backyard, 3 bedrooms, 1/0.5 baths and +/-1,188 SF to enjoy. Built in 1954 with a lot size of 2,575 completes this opportunity. Make an offer today.
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text: Effectively Choose Insurance With These Tips Posted on November 16, 2017November 21, 2018 by Suzana Mikolova No Comments Insurance helps you save money if there's an accident, illness, or other tragedy. There are countless options for insuring and protecting yourself and your valuables. Think about insuring your vehicles, home, health, pets and anything of value. In the event of an accident, insurance will help you pick up the pieces by paying for some, or even all, of the damages. Read on here to get some insights on the various types of policies you can purchase and how you can benefit from them. Bundle your insurance policies to save money. Insurance companies typically offer many discounts; one that is fairly standard is to provide a discount if you have your homeowners and auto policies with the same company. As you compare your options, inquire about discounts and reduced rates for policy holders who take out both auto insurance and homeowners insurance. Before you go into business, make sure that every aspect of that business is covered by insurance. Most policies cover many risks, but not everything. If there is something not covered, consider finding another policy that will cover what you need covered. Save money on insurance by purchasing bundled policies. For fixed rates, you can get motorcycle and car insurance. A lot of insurance companies also offer different kinds of home insurances together. You should however, always make sure the insurance you purchase fits your needs. You need to be fully aware of policy details if you want to ensure you receive the right coverage. Selecting the ideal insurance policy can leave you feeling quite confused, so you should never hesitate to seek more information from providers if it will help you make your decision. If you prefer to get an unbiased opinion, seek the advice of a friend or acquaintance who's familiar with insurance matters. If you are shopping for a new policy, check to see if the state you live in offers information regarding insurance companies. This will allow you to have a better idea of the price ranges of insurance available to you. You will be able to find the best price on insurance by knowing this information. It always pays to shop around for insurance coverage. Many people only look at the company they already have, rather than seeing if there's a better deal out there. The money you can save can reach into hundreds of dollars making the process of shopping around a no-brainer. Review your insurance policy on a regular basis. It's possible that you'll find ways you can save additional money, or erroneous information that should be removed. These mistakes are adding to your insurance bill unnecessarily. Thus it is worthwhile taking time to check your insurance policy carefully. As stated at the beginning of the article, there are many different types of insurance available. Hopefully you have discovered ways you can insure yourself and/or your property that you hadn't thought of before. Having insurance gives you piece of mind that in the unfortunate event of a tragedy, illness, or accident, you and your family will be covered, and a bit more prepared.


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Poling, B.E.; Grens, E.A.; Prausnitz, J.M., Thermodynamic properties from a cubic equation of state: avoiding trivial roots and spurious derivatives, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 1981, 20, 127. [all data]
Anderson, T.F.; Abrams, D.S.; Grens, E.A., Evaluation of parameters for nonlinear thermodynamic models, AIChE J., 1978, 24, 20. [all data]


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Why IS Sugar in everything?
Keeping It Real Post: FAST Read!!!! This is a frequent question from clients, family and friends! I too, have always wanted to know and understand the reasoning behind WHY Sugar in its many forms is so prevalent in just about everything we buy. I found my answer through reading: Vegucation Over Medication, Myths, Lies &


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Before learning it, do have your riding basics down. Meaning you are very comfortable riding it around and doing kickturns and not be pushing mongo. Best to learn it whilst stationary with your wheels on a crack so that you don't move and slip out so much. I don't recommend doing it on grass or carpet cos when you pop the tail, it's gonna be absorbed by the floor and when you start doing it on pavement, your muscles will memorize a different way of doing it. So nope, no easy way out i guess.
Taotao Girls Skateboards comply to United State Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Standard. It has a 24″ X 6″ Maple Double Kickside Deck. It features 608Z Bearings, 3.5″ Plastic Truck & Base, and 50 x 30 mm PVC Wheels. The Safety helmet, Knee and Elbow Pads also comply to CPSC Standard. It has a Cool Pink Aloha Graphic Design with an Amazon rating of 4.3.
Maybe you're new to skateboarding. We have lots of complete skateboards or longboards to get you started. All of our skateboard and longboard completes come fully assembled, so you can hit the streets without any of the hassle—try an Enjoi skateboard complete or check out our selection of Sector 9 longboard and skateboard completes. Or maybe you're an experienced skater looking to update and customize your ride. You probably want to start with the perfect skateboard deck before you do anything else. We carry high-quality skate decks to keep you steady and balanced while you bomb, slide, and carve the streets. We also have a variety of longboard decks in stock if you're looking for a smooth ride for cruising or commuting.
LaderaSkateboards.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Additionally, LaderaSkateboards.com participates in various other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission through purchases made through our links. We do not specifically market to children under 13.
Regardless of your skill level, you definitely need quality skateboard parts and that begins with skateboard trucks. We carry hundreds of top-selling skate trucks! Hardcore skateboarders love our Independent skate trucks for their performance and durability. You can also pick out the perfect skateboard wheels, like a blazing fast set of Spitfires, and you'll be one step closer to skating like a pro. To make the most of your skate wheels, you'll need quality skate bearings, too—check out top-seller Bones Bearings. When building a skateboard, even the smallest choices make a difference, so be sure to get the right size skate hardware, double-check your skateboard bushings, and don't forget to grit up your board with grip tape.
Don't get your hopes shot if it takes you a while to get this down. Once you know how to ollie, beginner skateboarders you can do any trick in the book with just a little bit of practice. Once you get this trick down while your stationary, go practice while moving around a little bit, try to hop off a couple of curbs. You'll be skateboarding like a pro in no time. Just keep at it.
Decks come in a variety of shapes and sizes. You can choose a mini-board, a cruiser, a drop-through or a standard deck for your favorite set of wheels and hardware. Widths range too from a few inches with a 22-inch board to the wide size of a true cruiser. Some decks are flat as possible while others are significantly concave for optimized turning. You can buy a deck with artwork and grip tape already attached for a quick install or you can get a bare-bones wooden deck to truly customize.
Level out on the way down – Before you start to head back towards the safety of the earth, level your feet out as the board begins to fall. If you're trying to jump a gap on your board, this will help you keep going straight and maintain your momentum. Alternatively, you can land on your nose or tail and perform a manual out of the jump, but those are pretty advanced moves. Might want to wait until those little pink training wheels are off your board first.
Unlike some deck options, which are completely bare, the Bamboo Skateboards Galaxy Series Cosmic Cloud Skateboard Deck features heat-stamped artwork on the underside of the board, including several geometric and interstellar designs, including a beautiful nebula. Bamboo Skateboards claims these boards last their customers three weeks longer than other decks. The company sells the boards in three sizes: 7.75-by-31.5-inches, 8-by-31.75-inches and 8.25-by-32-inches.
This set-up is awesome for its price!!!! The wheels are nice and smooth (a little too big for my liking, but still good). The bearings are average (I replaced them with bones REDS). The trucks are nice and sturdy, but the bushings are kinda weak. The board is AUTHENTIC and of good dimensions. Finally, the griptape...they're all pretty much the same it's just the brand name that's different, so it doesn't matter it's all good. I would buy from this seller over and over again!!!!!!!
Slide your front foot as soon as you start jumping. Use the same movement you have been practicing to slide your foot towards the top end of the board, just as you jump off it and kick the back down. The front of your board should lift up as you slide your foot along it, with your foot hitting the top of the board at the highest point of your jump.[9]
The wheels of your skateboard can greatly affect your ride in numerous ways, such as the speed, your ability to take control of the skateboard's movements, and what you feel while riding the board. The good news is that they come in various sizes, levels of durability, and colors, allowing you to pick one that suits your skateboard preference and style.
LaderaSkateboards.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Additionally, LaderaSkateboards.com participates in various other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission through purchases made through our links. We do not specifically market to children under 13.
Low ollies: This can happen for a lot of reasons, but the biggest one is that you are not crouching low enough before your ollie, and not pulling your feet high enough after you jump. When you crouch down, try and touch the ground. When you jump, try to hit yourself in the chest with your knees. Both knees. Don't worry about falling. That will happen sometimes – that's just part of skateboarding! For more help, read the How Can I Make My Ollies Higher? FAQ
The wheels of your skateboard can greatly affect your ride in numerous ways, such as the speed, your ability to take control of the skateboard's movements, and what you feel while riding the board. The good news is that they come in various sizes, levels of durability, and colors, allowing you to pick one that suits your skateboard preference and style.
The official record for the highest flat-ground ollie is 45′ (114.3cm) by Aldrin Garcia during the "Maloof High Ollie Challenge," held on the 15th of February, 2011. You can watch the movie here. However, a groundbreaking moment in the lore of the ollie will always belong to Danny Wainwright's ex record of 44.5′ (113.03cm, ELEMENT-HIGHEST OLLIE CONTEST Feb.6th,2000.) Reese Forbes, a competitor of Danny's in this contest, was also well-known as a master of the ollie.
If you're looking for complete skateboards that are ready to go, then you've come to the right place. We've got a great range of boards that you can ride right away, and with our next day delivery service, you'll have your board before you know it. Browse our great selection, which includes iconic brands such as Flip, and an incredible range of colourful Penny boards and deck graphics. With so many to choose from, we're confident you'll find the complete skateboard you're looking for. Buy online today and benefit for our speedy service.
Im a girl too. And here's the deal. Guys wont bring you down unless you make a big deal out of being a girl at a skatepark. Go to a skatepark, skate until you want to stop, rock it, and stay confident. Guys could not care less whether or not you're a girl who skates, and thats the bottom line. You just gotta learn to ollie perfectly and you'll get to the point where you'll be making their confidence falter.
The most common shape in skateboarding is called a popsicle shape. It has a curved tail and nose and features concave, which gives the board it's shape. New skateboarders looking to learn how to carve, push, ollie, kickflip, and grind boxes, ledges, and rails should start with a popsicle shape. If you're interested in knowing, we explain selecting a board by width, riding style, and board shape in the skateboard decks section of the buyer's guide.
Do your Ollie, then, instantly after you pop your board, lift your back foot up to meet your front foot. That helped me solo much I improved twice in a few tries with using that trick. And, if that doesn't help, it's just a matter of practicing. If you practice a ly every day, you experiment, you will find u r solution. But, try lifting u r back foot high right after u pop 😉
4 amazing skateboards in one nice lot. 1. 1990's Tony Hawk Conplete Skateboard, original falcon 3 design. With Rekon trucks and firelite classic wheels. 2. Sk8mafia Lucero deck. Signed by John Lucero. Brand new deck. 3. 1031 deck signed by entire team on a brand new creepy crawl deck. 4. Brand new super rare Big Mess deck with Blast design. This deck is extremely rare and is a must have for any collector. Both the signed decks are personalized to a guy named Jason that owned a skate shop here in Grant's Pass Or. Those guys were on his wall for a long time before he went out of business. If you have any questions or concerns please let me know. Thanks for looking. Steve
Skateboarding Trick Tip: How To Ollie The Easiest Way & Common Ollie Problems,How to ollie on a skateboard,how to ollie on a skateboard,how to ollie higher,how to ollie while moving,how to ollie on a skateboard for beginners,how to ollie while moving for beginners,how to ollie stairs,skateboarding tricks,skateboarding ollie tutorial,skateboarding ollie slow motion,how to ollie up a curb,how to ollie while moving,overindulgingSkateboarding Trick Tip: How To Ollie The Easiest Way & Common Ollie Problems
This ollie is commonly referred to as an "Ollie Nosebone." First of all, you need good ollie skills. The key for this ollie is your front foot. When you reach the peak, (gently!) push your front foot forward not moving any other part of your body. That's it, simple yet difficult. Of utmost importance is practicing your regular ollie over and over in various conditions so that extension tricks such as the 'nosebone' come almost naturally with experimentation. Nevertheless, here is a movie explaining how to do it.
My problem is Everytime I try to pop the back it's not hard enough and I get no air. The article says to jump up so I do it physically and sometimes it seems to help. But when I watch skate videos and other skaters It doesn't appear they are actually jumping up. They just seem to be popping the board. So should I physically jump? May sound stupid but it's something I struggle with.
Penny Skateboards make premium plastic skateboards, letting you chase the sunshine and good times. Available in a great range of colours, including pastels, brights and prints, there's sure to be a Penny Skateboard to match your unique style. Prefer to customise your ride? Head to the hardware store to update your griptape and wheels, making your Penny look brand new! Embrace the Penny lifestyle, join in the fun and find your favourite Penny products for sale online.
The wheels of a skateboard are usually made of polyurethane, and come in many different sizes and shapes to suit different types of skating. Larger diameters (55–85 mm) roll faster, and move more easily over cracks in pavement and are better for transition skateboarding. Smaller diameters (48–54 mm) keep the board closer to the ground, require less force to accelerate and produce a lower center of gravity which allows for a better response time, but also make for a slower top speed and are better for street skateboarding. Wheels also are available in a variety of hardnesses usually measured on the Shore durometer "A" scale. Again like car tires, wheels range from the very soft (about Shore A 75) to the very hard (about Shore A 101). As the A scale stops at 100, any wheels labeled 101A or higher are harder, but do not use the appropriate durometer scale. Some wheel manufacturers now use the "B" or "D" scales, which have a larger and more accurate range of hardness. Modern street skaters prefer medium-sized wheels (usually 51–54 mm), as small wheels with lighter trucks can make tricks like kickflips and other flip tricks easier by keeping the center of gravity of the skateboard closer to the deck, thus making the deck easier to spin. Street wheels are harder (A 100/A 101). Vertical ramp or "vert" skating requires larger wheels (usually 55–65 mm), as it involves higher speeds. Vert wheels are also usually slightly softer (A 98/ A 99), allowing them to maintain high speed on ramps without sliding. Slalom skating requires even larger wheels (60–75 mm) to sustain the highest speeds possible. They also need to be soft and have better grip to make the tight and frequent turns in slalom racing. Even larger wheels are used in longboarding and downhill skateboarding. Sizes range from 65 mm to 100 mm. These extreme sizes of wheels almost always have cores of hard plastic that can be made thinner and lighter than a solid polyurethane wheel. They are often used by skateboard videographers as well, as the large soft wheels allow for smooth and easy movement over any terrain.