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On June 13, 2019, three federal agencies issued lengthy and complex regulations that both expand and limit the circumstances under which an employer may reimburse its employees' individual health insurance premiums. Let's take a big picture look at these and their impact under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA).
By way of background, in 2013 the federal government told employers they could not reimburse employees' individual health insurance premiums without being subject to hefty tax penalties for violations of certain ACA requirements relating to annual dollar limits and preventive care coverage. Exceptions existed for an HRA covering just a single employee, or a retiree-only HRA.
The new regulations reverse the 2013 guidance. Under the new regulations, an employer that is willing and able to comply with numerous requirements may reimburse its employees' individual health insurance premiums through what the federal government is calling the "Individual Coverage HRA" (ICHRA).
Under the new regulations, a compliant ICHRA can "integrate" with individual health insurance policies and thus avoid violating the ACA requirements. A compliant ICHRA can also "integrate" with Medicare, meaning that an employee could use a compliant ICHRA to pay Medicare Part B and/or D premiums. In addition to reimbursing individual health insurance premiums, an ICHRA can reimburse other Section 213(d) medical expenses, such as copayments and coinsurance. In addition, the new regulations will allow employers to amend their cafeteria plans to allow employees to pay any balance of individual health insurance premiums not covered by the ICHRA on a pre-tax basis.
The new guidance does not eliminate earlier rules around retiree-only HRAs, HRAs integrated with group health plans, and Qualified Small Employer HRAs.
The requirements imposed on ICHRAs are challenging to meet, and the extent of the challenge will depend on your organization's unique workforce and existing benefit structure. Here are some highlights of these requirements:
The No-Choice Rule
Your organization cannot offer the choice between an ICHRA and a traditional group health plan to an employee.
Class rules
A unique feature of the ICHRA is a complex set of rules that limit how your organization can offer an ICHRA to different classes of employees. The purpose of these rules is to limit the extent to which an employer can use an ICHRA to shift older or high-cost health plan members out of traditional health plans and into the individual insurance market. These rules are summarized below.
No forced ICHRA participation
An employer cannot force ICHRA participation and must give employees the option to opt out of coverage and waive future HRA reimbursements at least annually.
Substantiation rules
ICHRA participants must substantiate they are covered by individual health insurance. They must provide substantiation annually and with each new request for reimbursement of an incurred medical care expense. Employers can rely on the participants' attestations and/or may require substantiation from a third party, such as an insurance card, showing the participants and any dependents are enrolled in individual health insurance. Employers can also use electronic means to comply with the substantiation requirements (view a model attestation for more detail).
Disclosure rules
Plan sponsors of ICHRAs must provide eligible employees with a detailed disclosure document. The disclosure must be provided at least 90 days prior to the start of the ICHRA plan year. However, for a new ICHRA, the initial disclosure may be delayed, typically to the first day of the plan year, if the ICHRA is established less than 120 days prior to the beginning of the first plan year. The federal government has published a model disclosure.
Employer shared responsibility mandate
An ICHRA is considered a group health plan and thus meets "minimum essential coverage" for purposes of the employer shared responsibility mandate. If an applicable large employer offers an ICHRA and/or other group health plan coverage to at least 95% of its ACA-full-time employees, and the ICHRA is "affordable," the employer can avoid the "no offer" and "unaffordability" penalties under the employer mandate. Some ambiguity remains around "affordability," however, for the purposes of the employer mandate. Although the regulations contain guidance determining ICHRA affordability for the purposes of premium subsidies, the government has not yet issued final guidance for purposes of the employer mandate. We expect guidance on this issue will be forthcoming.
Premium subsidies for individual health insurance
An employee who is offered an affordable ICHRA, or who enrolls in an ICHRA, regardless of whether or not it is affordable, will not qualify for premium subsidies for individual health insurance. However, an employee offered an unaffordable ICHRA who does not enroll may be able to qualify for premium subsidies.
The ICHRA is an ERISA plan and will require a plan document and summary plan description (SPD), an ERISA-compliant claims and appeals procedure, and possibly a 5500 depending on the number of covered employees.
Employers should also be aware that the individual health insurance policies funded under the HRA could become an ERISA plan if the employer "endorses" any of them, potentially exposing the employer to additional ERISA liability. "Endorsement" would include activities like limiting employees' choice of individual health insurance carriers or plans, or otherwise steering employees towards certain carriers or plans. For example, if an employer establishes a "private exchange" that includes some, but not all, of the carriers selling individual policies in the applicable market, the employer likely would be found to "endorse" those carriers and thus be exposed to ERISA liability with respect to those policies.
Employers can, without causing ERISA applicability, help employees make insurance choices by providing completely neutral, unbiased, and uniformly available education about the options available in the marketplace.
Employers must also adhere to other requirements exist to avoid ERISA applicability, including ensuring voluntary participation, limiting reimbursement for non-group premiums to individual health insurance coverage that does not consist solely of excepted benefits, avoiding compensation to the employer in connection with an employee's selection of individual health insurance coverage, and providing ICHRA participants with an annual notice stating that the individual coverage is not ERISA-covered.
As a self-funded plan, an ICHRA will in most cases be subject to HIPAA's privacy and security rules. Employers new to self-funding will need to ensure adherence to HIPAA's strict privacy and security rules with respect to the ICHRA.
For employers with 20 or more employees, an ICHRA will be subject to COBRA, which requires employers to provide certain notices and disclosures relating to the ICHRA and to provide continuation coverage under the ICHRA if a COBRA-triggering event occurs.
We will continue to monitor developments and issued guidance. In the meantime, clients with access to the HR Hotline can contact us with any questions.
Sarah provides employer-focused guidance on human resource matters. With an emphasis on employee benefits and the Affordable Care Act, she distils the complexity of employment laws into understandable action items that meet a client's business goals.
Sarah provides employer-focused guidance on human resource matters. With an emphasis on employee benefits and the Affordable Care Act, she distils the complexity of employment laws into understandable action items that meet a client's business goals. During previous private practice experience, Sarah handled numerous complex benefit matters, including the transition of benefit plans in large corporate acquisitions, de-risking solutions in pension plans, contested health plan claims, DOL and IRS audits and the implementation of ACA-compliant health plan solutions. Sarah graduated from University of Wisconsin Law School, with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Grinnell College.
Like Wrightstown Community School District Superintendent Carla Buboltz, many civic leaders — as well as business owners and executives — are seeing their job descriptions evolve. Healthcare reform, along with escalating health insurance costs, are demanding more of their attention than ever before. A survey by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce says the effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) are now the top concern for organizations, edging out general uncertainty about the U.S. economy.
When the public exchanges opened in October 2013, the technical glitches and low enrollment were well publicized. Since then, both public and private exchanges have evolved significantly. The private alternatives that have entered the scene often have more advantages than their public counterparts.
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Made in Britain
We go to great lengths to try and make everything we do in the UK and buy from UK suppliers. At the moment this is not only the most sustainable way of creating our products but the easiest way to confirm to supplier minimum order numbers when we are only a small company!
We source all of our candle glasses from the UK
Our wax is Eco friendly soya wax from sustainable sources
All of our fabrics are printed in London
Matches and Match boxes are produced in the UK and hand finished by us in Kent
Every product we produce ourself on site including the scent blending of different oils (Not an upscaler like bigger brands do- we are our own perfumers!)
Our 250ml premium Room Sprays use a careful blend of purified water (to increase the weight of particles in the air, giving the scent longevity), perfumers alcohol from Ireland and our own scents.
If you have any questions we are always here to help, please contact us and we'll get right back to you!

subset: commoncrawl


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Our Team
Caring for your client's pets as if they were ours
Rod McGregor
Director, Orthopaedic and soft tissue surgeon and Ophthalmologist.
Debbie Barnes
Senior Vet Nurse.
Gemma Huggonson
Senior Vet Nurse.
April Lelliott
Amy Hutchins
Abby Gould
Veterinary Nurse.
Chris Bamford
Assistant Veterinary Surgeon. Chris graduated from Cambridge in 2008 and moved to Teignview Veterinary Group in 2014. He has special interests in small animal dentistry and assists Rod McGregor at Bay Referrals when necessary. He is currently studying for his certificate of advanced veterinary practice at Liverpool University and is about to start a European certificate in small animal dentistry at the University of Luxembourg.
Charlotte Newnham-Dibley
Trainee Veterinary Nurse.
Gracie O'grady
Nursing Assistant.
Timely Support
Our veterinary team are here to answer any questions you may have on cases, especially more complex ones.
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Our UK first CT scanner offers superb quality images without the expense of traditional CT systems so we can offer advanced imaging at a reduced cost. All images are read by American Diplomats for diagnostic certainty.
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All referrals receive a comprehensive report before the client returns to your surgery so you know what has been done and the treatment plan. We are always available to answer any questions you may have.
Recent Blog Posts
Learn from the top thought leaders in the industry.
VetsSouth Exeter – Come visit us at stand B5Some of the team will be at VetsSouth on the 12th and 13th of February at Sandy Park in Exeter. Come along to the stand to talk to us about our new CT scanner and enter the prize draw to win an iPad.
Don't Be Shy. Get In Touch.
If you are interested in working together, send us an inquiry and we will get back to you as soon as we can!


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Spaghetti with mushrooms is a great decision if you don't have much time to cook dinner. Some cheese and spring onions perfectly accompany this dish making it especially savory.
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Dog Boarding
Drop-In Visits
Doggy Day Care
Dog Walking
Hosting Preferences
Traveling Preferences
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Amazing job! Thank you so much for everything!
Damian Lewis is AWESOME!! My husband, Jeff, and I have known and had her as our dog sitter for approximately 13 years! She is totally reliable, compassionate, thorough, loves our dogs, qand will come/take care of our 4 standard schnauzers whenever we need/ask her!
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She cared for all ages of dogs, very young puppies, and an older one with bladder cancer. All the dogs loved her and I felt very comfortable with the opportunity to work, go to dog shows, etc. They were always cared for and she communicated with me to give updates. She strives to be the best!?
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i provide a safe loving home
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Current Satellite News
October 16th, 2016
The World Is A Better Place, Thanks To Satellites — And Here's A Celebratory Dinner To Honor Those Who Have Made It So
The Awards and Dinner are produced by SSPI and the organization's UK and Isle of Man Chapters.
EOMall Movement By The EARSC
The EARSC board has decided that the industry should move immediately towards establishing an EOMall which would be a completely separate legal entity to EARSC.
National Science Foundation's $12 Million In Awards For Challenges Faced By Wireless Comms Experts
These three-year awards continue NSF's ongoing investment in radio spectrum research, which over the past five years has supported more than 140 awards through an investment of over $60 million.
RUAG Space Is Intent On Sensational Separation For Schiaparelli
Technology provided by RUAG Space is set to play an important role in the success of this ambitious mission.
General Dynamics Mission Systems Supports USCG Rescue Structure
The General Dynamics-built Rescue 21 system enables the Coast Guard to execute its search and rescue (SAR) activities with far greater agility and efficiency.
Vector Space Systems Builds Big To Create Micro Sats
The company, whose vision is to reshape the multi-billion launch market, combines dedicated low-cost micro satellite launches (Vector Launch) and software defined satellites (Galactic Sky) to dramatically increase access and speed to orbit.
Virgin Galactic...No Parting Of The Red Sea Was Necessary To Promote This Moses To President
For his services, Mike was twice recognized with the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal, one of the space agency's most prestigious medals.
US Air Force To Meet In Europe... Share Technology And Ideas, Good Idea Or Not?
... the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) would lead Microsatellite Military Utility to determine how miniature satellites could enable allies to work together better...


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Each week AXEL-IN-CHARGE -- CBR's weekly Friday afternoon Q&A with Marvel Comics Editor-in-Chief Axel Alonso -- features not only his thoughts on the latest industry matters, but also a peek inside upcoming Marvel releases.
This past Friday's installment included Alonso sharing word that Marvel has sold more than 2 million "Star Wars" comics since January, and that "Darth Vader" #1 was the top dollar share book in February. "[Editor] Jordan D. White and C.B. [Cebulski] have done a superb job procuring the right talent and telling the right types of stories, and David Gabriel and his sales and marketing team have done an astounding job promoting this," the editor-in-chief said.
With that came the reveal of "Darth Vader" artist Salvador Larroca's cover to issue #4 of the series, scheduled for release on April 8.
Alonso also praised this past week's debut of "Howard the Duck" #1, which he deemed "$#@%ing hilarious." "The chemistry between [writer] Chip Zdarsky and [artist] Joe Quinones is off the charts. They've found just the right balance between humor and high adventure, and people are really responding to it."
Here are black-and-white interiors from "Howard the Duck" #2 by Quinones, along with a color page from a backup story running in the same issue drawn by Rob Guillory. The issue's expected out on April 8.
"Howard the Duck" isn't the only humor series currently finding success at Marvel, as noted in CBR's interview with Alonso. "'[The Unbeatable] Squirrel Girl,' 'Howard the Duck,' 'Deadpool,' 'Rocket Raccoon' and 'Ant-Man' are all very funny books -- although 'Ant-Man' is more of a 'dramedy' than a comedy -- but for different reasons." Speaking of that dramedy, here are pages from the Nick Spencer-written "Ant-Man" #4 illustrated by Ramon Rosanas and scheduled for release on April 8.
The fate of Miles Morales and the rest of the heroes of the Ultimate Universe looks murky due to the impending "Secret Wars," and this week's AXEL-IN-CHARGE also included a peek inside "Miles Morales: Ultimate Spider-Man" #12;l the last currently scheduled issue of the series, due out April 8. It's written by Brian Michael Bendis -- who's been writing "Ultimate Spider-Man" since 2000 -- and illustrated by David Marquez and Justin Ponsor.
Catch up with CBR's AXEL-IN-CHARGE archives!


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The School EL ARENAL is an Educational Institution located in the town of El Arenal. They teach the type of education known in Mexico as 'EDUCACION BASICA (SECUNDARIA COMUNITARIA)' (in Spanish), and it is 'PUBLICO (ORGANISMO DESCENTRALIZADO DE LA SECRETARIA DE EDUCACION PUBLICA)' controlled.
Classes are given in the 'MATUTINO ' time of the day.
Their contact data are:
Postal address: CONOCIDO
El Arenal (Municipality: Ixhuacán de los Reyes, State: Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave)
Postal ZIP Code:
Vote for EL ARENAL
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All the Schools in El Arenal (Ixhuacán de los Reyes)
Information and interactive map of the town of El Arenal


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A personalized text message is an SMS created using subscribers' data: time, age, country, gender etc. for the sake of providing them with more valuable offers and news at the right time. SendPulse makes it easy to send personalized messages with its texting functionality.
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- Shows significant results. SMS personalization is one of the most engaging tools in marketing with open rates of 98%, according to Gartner.
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Import your phone numbers
Import phone numbers together with relevant information about subscribers (like country, gender, birth date etc.) Without it, personalization can't happen. Alternatively, set up a subscription form on your website that contains the necessary fields.
Send SMS campaign
After that, you are able to create an SMS campaign. Mention who is a sender and write the message. There you can add variables directly into the text. A displayed example shows how the text message looks when personalized by name.
This is only the first step to personalize a text message, read on to discover which tools SendPulse offers for personalization.
Text message personalization tools
Subscription forms
SendPulse enables to create custom subscription forms for free, what gives an advantage in further text message personalization. Ask yourself what sort of data your business might require from subscribers. And then create an effective segmentation on that basis.
Underneath the text field, there is a check mark for segmentation. This tool enables you to send different messages to various segments of your audience at once.
Variable usage
For more specific segmentation you can use few variables for segmentation, for instance, Gender and Country, at once.
Personalized text messages best practices and tips
- Think beforehand. A subscription form on your website or blog is crucial for further SMS personalization success. Ask the subscribers' names, location, age, etc. and you will obtain needed data for personalization.
- Make valuable offers for each segment. Come up with special offers for each segment, as the main idea of personalization is to provide as many customers with the most relevant offers as possible.
- Write a smart copy. You have only a few seconds to capture recipients' attention. Make smart use of this time: put the offer up front, make it time-sensitive, and ensure it is clear what to do.
- Consider when to send. Avoid sending SMS on rush-hours and at night. And, if your audience is spread around the globe, mind different time zones.
- Segment according to the location. Proposals may vary between countries, due to shipping time or availability of the items. Segmentation by location will help you evade unpleasant experiences.
Personalized text messages examples
Personalization by location:
Personalization by name and gender:
Last Updated: 2019-10-09


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The purpose of the present study was to determine time course relationship between cyclic GMP accumulation and relaxation in bovine coronary artery and evaluate the effects of recently identified inhibitors, methylene blue and methemoglobin, on these relationships. Arterial strips were suspended in specially mounted tissue baths which permitted continuous recording of isometric tension until rapid freeze-clamping for subsequent determination of cyclic GMP levels by radioimmunoassay. Relaxation and cyclic GMP levels were measured in submaximally contracted strips at zero time (untreated) or 5-sec to 5-min intervals after exposure to 0.5 microliter of nitric oxide, 1 microM glyceryl trinitrate, 1 microM sodium nitroprusside of 1 mM sodium nitrite in the absence or presence of 10 mM methylene blue or 1 microM methemoglobin. Cyclic GMP accumulation preceded onset of relaxation elicited by nitric oxide and glyceryl trinitrate and temporally correlated with relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside and sodium nitrite. Methylene blue simultaneously inhibited cyclic GMP accumulation and relaxation induced by all four relaxants. In contrast to methylene blue, methemoglobin abolished cyclic GMP accumulation and relaxation elicited by nitric oxide without altering responses to glyceryl trinitrate, sodium nitroprusside and sodium nitrite. These findings are consistent with and strongly support an involvement of cyclic GMP formation in vascular smooth muscle relaxation elicited by nitrogen oxide-containing vasodilators.
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Send your health questions to our specialist doctor and receive your answer at no cost
Difference between Psychologist and Therapist
- May 20, 2019
- Posted by: maheenfatima
- Category: Health tips
Mind sciences is a broad field and different types of mental health professional are available to fix psychological problems of different sorts. It is important to select the right professional to get a problem fixed. For serious mental illnesses, you will have to see the best psychiatrist in your area. How to know if you
Can You Visit A Gynecologist While On Your Period?
- April 18, 2019
- Posted by: maheenfatima
- Category: Health
There are differences in the male and female body. Both men and women face different problems that are gender specific. So females may face different issues from time to time that make them visit a gynecologist. Females often ask; can I go to gyno while on period? Yes, women can visit the best gynecologist if


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School fun days are an important part of every students life. Our High School Fun Day is an awesome way to break up the routine of school work. We've put this popular package together however our High School Fun Day package can be made smaller or larger depending on your budget. High School Fun Day package hire price includes 2 friendly fully trained operators so you can relax whilst we look after your guests. One volunteer required to self supervise our Velcro Fly Wall.
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Authors: George Rajna
"We discovered a new structure in gold that exists at extreme states—two thirds of the pressure found at the center of Earth," said lead author Richard Briggs, a postdoctoral researcher at LLNL. [42] The properties of gold in nanoscale are significantly different to those of bulk gold. Of special interest are gold nanoclusters, that are composed of between tens to some hundreds of gold atoms. [41] A team at Osaka University has created single-molecule nanowires, complete with an insulation layer, up to 10 nanometers in length. [40] Using optical and electrical measurements, a two-dimensional anisotropic crystal of rhenium disulfide was found to show opposite piezoresistant effects along two principle axes, i.e. positive along one axis and negative along another. [39]
Comments: 69 Pages.
Download: PDF
[v1] 2019-07-31 14:02:11
Unique-IP document downloads: 5 times
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Health experts harbor well-grounded fears over the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the continuing streak of newly discovered threats will do little to allay the concerns. The latest comes from scientists at Cornell University, who have discovered a previously unknown gene that can leap between organisms to facilitate resistance to an important last-resort antibiotic.
Source: Newly discovered "jumping" superbug gene threatens last-resort antibiotic


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"Today" show host Matt Lauer asked Donald Trump on Wednesday if he secretly has a "crush" on the journalist whom he attacks the most: Fox News' Megyn Kelly.
"It starts to sound a little bit — and take this the right way, Donald — like you're a guy with a schoolyard crush. Where we're in elementary school or junior high school, guys often say the meanest things about the girls they like the most," Lauer said.
Trump, a real-estate magnate and GOP presidential candidate, insisted that was not the case.
"Trust me Matt, there is no crush. That I can tell you," he replied.
Trump has repeatedly gone out of his way to criticise Kelly since she moderated the first prime-time debate of the presidential race. Kelly asked Trump a series of questions he later described as unfair, including one about derogatory comments he has made toward women.
Most recently, Trump leveled a number of broadsides against Kelly on Monday night, after she just returned from a vacation. Among other things, Trump declared that "The Kelly File" show was better without her and shared a message on Twitter that called her a "bimbo."
But Trump denied to Lauer that Kelly has somehow bothered him to an extreme level.
"You tweet a few tweets — or retweets, in this case — that's not getting under your skin. I personally am not a fan. I don't think she does a good job. I don't think she's a very good professional. And I think, frankly, the show's better without her. But that's up to them and they can do whatever they want," he said.
He nevertheless continued to blast her supposedly biased moderation of the debate.
"During the debate, she asked me questions that were totally inappropriate. Other people asked nice questions about jobs, about God, about other things," he said. "And she hits me with questions that were totally inappropriate. A lot of people said that."
After Trump's Monday tweets, Fox News appeared to end the previous ceasefire it struck with the real-estate developer. That truce was brokered on August 10, when Fox News Chairman and CEO Roger Ailes reached out to Trump following a particularly controversial comment he made about Kelly that was widely interpreted as a sexist reference to menstruation.
At the time, both sides indicated that they had buried the hatchet. However, with the latest salvo, it seems the feud is back on.
"Donald Trump's surprise and unprovoked attack on Megyn Kelly during her show last night is as unacceptable as it is disturbing," Ailes said in a Tuesday statement. "Megyn Kelly represents the very best of American journalism and all of us at Fox News Channel reject the crude and irresponsible attempts to suggest otherwise."
But Trump said on Wednesday that he still holds Ailes in high regard.
"I respect Roger Ailes. He can do whatever he wants," he told Lauer. "I don't care."
Watch his interview on NBC's "Today" show below:
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- Banking
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- Banking
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Not a bank branch.
No ATM or deposit services available.
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Two people were reported dead Saturday in a severe weather in Kentucky, officials said. The Logan County Sheriff says that an elderly woman died after a tornado tore Logan County and Simpson County, the Sheriff's Office says a man died after that his car was submerged in the water, reports the WKYT. Destructive winds, heavy rains and sudden floods are expected all night long. While an isolated and fast tornado is possible in the state, western Kentucky is facing the greatest threat. With an extra length of 1
Gov. Matt Bevin tweeted about the deaths on Saturday night, writing that "the potential for a similar weather continues to flow to Kentucky overnight."
Another death was reported in Arkansas. An 83-year-old man was inside his mobile home when the wind picked him up and rolled him into a pond and the man drowned, said Saturday the coroner and sheriff department of Clay County.
About 50 miles away, the meteorological service said the roof had been ripped off of an Osceola hotel, about 160 miles north of Memphis, Tennessee.
Missouri Governor Eric Greitens on Saturday signed a presidential decree declaring the state of emergency in anticipation of projected storms and floods in parts of southern Missouri. The order activates the resources of the Missouri National Guard and ensures that state resources are available in case of weather-related damage.
A dyke of along the Kankakee River in northwestern Indiana, asked the local authorities to evacuate thirty or so owners.
Keener County Fire Chief Randy Woods said the breach was relatively minor when it was discovered around 3:00 pm Friday near Demotte, about 50 miles southeast of Chicago. Local residents tried to get their hands on the gap "to control it, but it has become bigger and bigger," he said. Local firefighters were called in to help them, but eventually everyone had to withdraw for their own safety.
No injuries were reported.
The weather service reported that record floods were occurring along Kankakee after several days of heavy rain and snowmelt that sent waterways from the Ohio River to Michigan and Wisconsin [19659011] © 2018 CBS Interactive Inc.. This material may not be published, disseminated, rewritten or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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Next War Series
Ukraine is in turmoil: embroiled in a civil war which has lasted for years and the situation seems further from resolution with each year that passes. Clandestine support from both Russia and the West fuels the war and keeps any hope of peace at bay. In the meantime, the civil war in Syria and the fight against Islamic extremism gathers steam. NATO and Russia stare each other down in a "coopetittion" in the region, and tensions rise meteorically as not so "friendly" fire incidents occur. The West tightens sanctions against Russia and ratchets up its rhetoric; Russia, meanwhile, attempting to regain a place in global power politics, responds with sanctions of its own against Turkey and starts low-level cyber warfare and "little green men" incidents in the Baltics. Tempers flare across the world, Turkey shoots down another Russian plane while Russian SAM batteries shoot down a Turkish F-16 in retaliation. Russia declares enough is enough, decides on war with NATO, and invades the Baltics and Poland. Belarus, knowing where it's bread is buttered, joins in. Some NATO nations rush to the rescue while others debate the issue. Once again, Europe trembles to the rumble of tank treads and marching boots…
Next War: Poland, the fourth volume in GMT's Next War Series. This game moves the action from Asia to Europe and allows players to fight a near future war in Poland as the Russians and their allies invade and NATO responds.
A large portion of Poland is represented by the Operational (hex) map, while the Baltics are represented by a Strategic Display (similar to Next War: Taiwan's). The Russians are not the behemoth of the Cold War, but they possess good material and a much better trained army than before. The Baltics, using new rules and mechanics, may fall quickly, although their forces may put up some resistance and make an appearance as reinforcements, while the front quickly establishes itself in eastern Poland as the Russian 6th and 20th Armies push forward to seal the Suwalki Gap while NATO rushes forces into the area spearheaded by the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps and followed up by whatever nation's troops respond to the Article 5 declaration. The question is, can NATO stop the Russians or will Poland be overrun while Russia presents the world with a fait accompli?
Note: the Next War series is not an Introductory wargame. Rather, we have intended herein to create a system (and a series) that will allow detailed study of modern warfare in various venues as well as engaging gameplay. That said, the Standard Game rules encompass a fairly straightforward ruleset that will, we think, be considered pretty "easy to learn" by experienced wargamers. So players who choose to play Standard Game scenarios can have a relatively quick game when that's what suits them. The real flavor of a war in the theatre, though, comes through in the Advanced Game, where you get much more control over airpower and can more clearly see each side's strengths and weaknesses. For players who want a "mini-monster game" experience, playing the Advanced Game Campaign Scenarios with some or all of the optional rules will definitely "deliver."
Ownership of any previous Next War Series game will NOT be required to play.
Units -
Ground units in Next War: Poland represent primarily brigades, regiments, and battalions of the armies of the Russia, her allies, and NATO. All ground units are rated for their attack and defense strengths, movement capabilities, and unit efficiency.
Air units represent fighter, bomber, and attack squadrons of the major combatants and are rated for All-Weather Capabilities as well as their range, average pilot skill, and their abilities in Air-to-Air Combat, Close Air Support, and Strike missions.
Maps and Terrain -
The game's map represents the area in and around the eastern border of Poland at a scale of roughly 7.5 miles per hex. The map stretches from Kaliningrad Oblast in the north to Warsaw in the south, and from the Belorussian border west to Poznan.
The Baltics are represented by a Strategic Display incorporating Land Areas and At Sea Boxes.
Game System -
A game turn is generally composed of:
Weather Determination. Bad weather can severely hamper air and naval operations activity and can significantly slow ground operations.
Initiative Determination and Air/Naval Phase, wherein Air Superiority levels and air availability are determined and Sea Control is established or modified.
Special Operations Phases in the Advanced Game allowing players to utilize their special operators in various recon and raid missions behind enemy lines.
Strike Phases in the Advanced Game allowing players to launch air strikes, cruise missiles, and artillery and SSM strikes.
One or more Movement and Combat Phases that allow both sides to move, react, and fight, with an advantage to the Initiative player on non-Contested turns
Arrival of Reinforcements and Replacements
Victory Determination -
Combat resolution examines not only unit strengths but also unit efficiency (representing training, doctrine, and morale), as well as the terrain where the combat takes place. The CRT tends to be very bloody in nature, reflecting what we believe will be a degree of attritional warfare early due to the lethality of modern weapons. As in many games, casualties represent not only actual combat losses but also losses of unit cohesion brought about by the rapid pace with which modern armies are able to engage and exploit on the battlefield.
Scenarios -
There are several Standard Game scenarios. Some are small and focus on limited objectives while others are variations of a campaign game encompassing the entire map. Similarly to previous games in the series, the Advanced Game scenarios will be divided into various starting points scenarios allowing reinforcements to arrive at differing times as well as providing additional logistical support.
So, the question remains. Can you, as the Russian player, enforce your will on the West and regain your former status in world affairs. Or will you, as SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe) successfully use the assets at your disposal to blunt the Russian attack and save Poland?
One 22x34" map
One 22x24" strategic display
Four 9/16" counter sheets
Two rulebooks (Series Rules and Game Specific Rules)
Six 8.5x11" Player Aids
Two 11x17" Player Aids
One 10-sided die
Game Design and Development: Mitchell Land
Original System Design: Gene Billingsley
TIME SCALE 3.5 days per turn
MAP SCALE 7.5 miles per hex
UNIT SCALE Brigade / Regiment / Battalion
NUMBER OF PLAYERS One or two (can be played in teams)
1 x Next War: Po...
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Orange County Property Appraiser Rick Singh draws primary foe Khalid Muneer
'Credibility and trustworthiness are what is lacking right now," Muneer said.
'Credibility and trustworthiness are what is lacking right now," Muneer said.
Dyer's campaign also reports raising $47,000 in June
Singh cites 'a 99.8 percent satisfaction score' for customer service.
The Supreme Court of Ron DeSantis reversed the court of Rick Scott.
Singh's probes of 'fraudlent' exemptions, classifications, add $1 billion to rolls
The Supreme Court may have created a whole new election scenario in Orange County.
On Friday, Florida's Supreme Court upheld an Orange County charter amendment to make the county's constitutional officers nonpartisan, a decision...
Two former officials in the office of Orange County Property Appraiser Rick Singh have filed a federal whistleblower lawsuit against...
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- Join Date: 3/10/2018
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- Member Details
I have a new kindle fire 10, and am having a problem connecting a couple of games to my game circle profile. They show that I'm connected as a guest, but can't work out how to sync them to my profile. One game did log in automatically and I don't know the difference between that one and the two that won't. Can anyone advise?
Thank you in advance.


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Paper Roll And Sheets
Big Valley Packaging carries a wide assortment of stock protective wraps and specialty papers designed to meet a variety of applications. Whether you are looking to protect food or ferrous metal parts, you can find a paper that meets your specific wrapping need. Our assortment includes papers strong enough to cushion fragile products during shipment as well as papers that are delicate enough for easy stuffing into small cartons and mailers.
Natural brown kraft paper roll stock, and paper sheets. Whether you are looking to protect food or ferrous metal parts, you can find a paper at Big Valley Packaging that meets your specific wrapping needs. Kraft paper from 100% recycled to 100% virgin paper, you are sure to find the right style of kraft paper for your needs! Wax paper protects from oil, grease, and moisture. Poly coated kraft papers in roll stock or sheets. Available in various sizes and basis weights. Pre-cut sheets are perfect for packing or wrapping uniform products. Paper rolls fit standard paper cutters allowing you to customize length.
Milspec Neutral Blue line kraft papers
Milspec paper for military applications
VCI paper - Volitile corrosion inhibitor paper protect metals from surface rust
Custom Paper Roll Stock Products
We carry a broad range of raw materials, and can generally fulfill orders in about ten days.
We also have the capability to slit and rewind rolls from 1/4″ wide up to 72″ wide. We have sheeting capability of 54″ wide and 74″ long. We can guillotine cut to almost any size. We can also die cut and drill paper as needed.
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Hear – the knock at the door and you know who is there,
you tell yourself you don't care.
Try – you try to pretend you'll just send him away,
you know it won't end that way
Your heart doesn't stand a chance, your eyes let him know
And your pride doesn't means a thing – you lost it for him years ago;
Hear – the voice at the door and it makes you afraid,
afraid but you don't know how.
Try – you try to remind him the promise he made,
he doesn't remember now
The tears welling up inside, are drowning your dreams
And your chance for another chance, keep leaving with him so it seems
Time – the friend that would bring him around,
Is turning on you and it's bringing you down.
Love – you tell him you love him and want him to change,
he says that he'll really try,
Hear – how often you hear as he's closing the door.
And softly you say goodbye…
Come again
Come again


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This is me, my hair, my lip, my smell, the way my head moves and the body I live in. The senseof self is not fixed but continuously updates in response to the present information. When thebody senses itself internally and localizes its actions, it provides the basis for a material sense ofself existence. At the same time, the mind registers the sense of an agency with free will, thesense of being, the cause of voluntary action. The present self continuously becomes the past,and by the time we look into it we are in another present, consumed with planning the future.
Inwards to Outwards is my thesis work in MIT Media Lab that describes my theory and practice that concerns the sense of self. Two projects, Being A Tree and Masque, are included as examples of altering the perception of self through multi-sensory stimulation of exteroceptive signals and false feedback of interoceptive signals. Through these two systems, I aim to provide the audience a new, though temporary, relationship with themselves.This thesis incorporates my technical contribution in human computer interaction as well as my artistic inquiry. The goal is to reconfigure the tools of technology, not for exploitation but for the recovery of human feelings, affects and emotions.
I hope the thesis delivers more than just the systems and study data. This thesis is about the moments of self-(re)organization and creating ripples in the fabric of self. It pays close attention to our shared psychological, emotional, cultural, and perceptual approaches to the inner and outer world and tries to bring light back to the sensitivity of self.
"How are you feeling?"
The answer could be either a mental state or a body condition: "I am so excited,""my back hurts" or both: "I am too tired to enjoy the movie." Thinking of ourselves, we examine both our body and mind. But where do we sit between body and mind? Where is the self? How does the biological machinery - body - establish the foundation of our consciousness, self-awareness and subjectivity?
When the body senses itself internally and localizes its actions, it provides the basis for a material sense of self existence. Interoception is a term that is used to include the sense of the physiological condition of the entire body and the ability of visceral afferent information to reach awareness and affect behavior. It connects the mind and internal body state, operates between the unconsciousness and consciousness.
A.D. Craig, a leading researcher in the area of interoception, argues that interoception is intimately linked to the sense of self and proposes a time-shifting progression of self image that is constantly updating. This allows us to adapt in the ever changing environment and recognize ourselves along the way. The image here is a cartoon illustrating the cinemascopic model of awareness based on time-shifting global emotional moments (top), which can explain subjective dilation of time (middle), and which provides a possible basis for subjectivity with a comparator buffer (bottom) that can be loaded with the present global emotional moment for comparison with any other from the past or future, but which is always one tick behind when compared with the present moment. (Craig A. D., The sentient self, 2010)
In Hand With Reflecting Sphere, a self-portrait by Dutch artist M.C Escher, the artist and his surrounding environment are trapped in the reflective sphere. He, along with us the viewers, looks into the curved reflection of himself and the studio he lived in. The reflection is distorted but recognizable, false but true, real and dreamlike. To register the image in the mirror as ourselves, we rely on the expected, stable visual contents and synchronized actions. The reflected image is bound to follow its original. But the reflected image is nonetheless dynamic, possibly turning in opposition to what it was in the past.
To further investigate the relationship between the internal self and a perceived self, I'd like to extend the concept of mirror, to the overall sensory inputs we collect from the outside. As a person makes a sound by either interacting with the surroundings (eg. tapping, walking) or producing it directly (eg. voice, respiration), the sound will be heard by the person again. These sensory feedback, both interoceptive and exteroceptive, guides us to construct the sense of self.
Masque is a psychoacoustic system that manipulates the user's perception of their own respiration by providing false auditory feedback. By deliberately misrepresenting the wearer's sense of their own breathing, Masque can cause bias in behavioral and cognitive experiences without any explicit instructions or stimuli. Users hear synchronized respiration sound from Masque as their own and react naturally to the synthetic body signals.
Masque uses a digital temperature sensor chip for its fast data acquisition and high resolution (0.1°C) to sense respiration. The sensor measures the temperature right in front of the nostril at a frequency of 43Hz to detect the exhaling and inhaling activity of the user. With high precision and fast speed temperature sensor, Masque detects the user's breathing activities and plays back a mediated breathing sound synchronously through a bone conduction headphone. The mediated breathing sound is real-time synthesized, thus its breathing rate can be modified by the user at any moment.
How could we bring people to truly empathize with the natural world, facing devastating but ever distant problems such as glaciers melting in the Arctic, water shortages in California, or the deforestation of the Amazon? What would change if an audience could be transported into the center of the story— if one could step into the shoes of another living being?
TreeSense is sensory VR system that transforms you into another life form, a tree.
With arms turning into branches and the body into a trunk, the participant experiences being a seedling rising through the dirt, sprouting branches and growing to full size, until finally witnessing its fate firsthand. By tapping into various senses, TreeSense delivers a vivid body illusion of being another identity to create a personal connection with it. Our research looks into novel sensations such as electronic muscle stimulation, as well as a comprehensive sensory alteration through visual, sound, scent, vibration, temperature and wind, which unlocks a higher level of realism. As an audience member exclaimed, "you know it's not real but your body really believes it!"


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Until now, the principle of freedom of contract has been sacrosanct in the context of business to business contracts. However, from 12 November 2016, this premise will change because unfair contract terms will be prohibited in standard form contracts where one of the parties is a small business. The prohibition will be achieved through the Treasury Legislation Amendment (Small Business and Unfair Contract Terms) Act (UCT Legislation) which amends the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) and the Australian Securities and Investment Commission Act 2001 (Cth) (ASIC Act) to extend the application of the existing consumer-focused unfair contract term protections to small businesses.
The legislation
The UCT Legislation aims to protect small businesses from "unfair" contract terms in standard form contracts. The UCT Legislation will come into full force on 12 November 2016 (after a 12 month transition period) and will apply to standard form contracts, where one or more parties to the standard form contract is a small business, entered into, varied (but only to the parts varied), renewed or rolled over after that date.
In respect of the franchising sector, the UCT Legislation will be enforced by the ACCC and to some extent by Small Business Commissioners in each State and Territory. Despite the protections for small businesses in the Franchising Code of Conduct, franchise agreements will not be exempt from the UCT Legislation and the ACCC has advised that it will be focusing on the franchising sector as a priority with respect to compliance with the UCT Legislation.
Key definitions
What is a "small business"?
A small business is defined as being a business with less than 20 employees. This is assessed on a head count basis at the time the contract is entered into, varied or renewed and includes casual employees employed on a regular and systematic basis.
What is a "small business contract"?
A "small business contract" is a contract where:
- at least one party is a "small business"; and
- the "upfront price" required by the contract does not exceed:
- $300,000 if the contract is for 12 months or less; or
- $1,000,000 if the contract is for a duration of more than 12 months.
The upfront price is the consideration (which may comprise a number of different types of payments) under the contract, that is disclosed at or before the time the contract is entered into (or varied or renewed). It is important to note that the upfront price can comprise amounts that are payable by the franchisee to the franchisor (for example, the franchisee fee) and conversely, by the franchisor to the franchisee (for example, a predetermined royalty amount). However, the total potential value of the contract cannot be used to determine the monetary threshold. Accordingly, a franchise agreement under which a franchisee may receive more than $300,000 (or $1 million in the case of multi-year contracts) through commissions and percentage based royalties will not be exempt from the UCT Legislation, because whether or not such amounts will be earned by the franchisee is not certain at the time the contract is entered into; the payment of such amounts will ultimately be determined by the franchisee's performance under the franchise agreement.
What is a "standard form contract"?
The term "standard form" is not defined in the UCT Legislation, the ACL or the ASIC Act. However, it is generally understood to be a contract that is provided by one party to another on a "take it or leave it" basis. Accordingly, most template franchise agreements will be caught by the UCT Legislation, unless the parties have engaged in a genuine negotiation of the contract.
In the recent case Diab Pty Ltd v YUM! Restaurants Australia Pty Ltd [2016] FCA 43 (discussed in more detail in this edition of Franchising Focus), the Federal Court noted that the international franchise agreement to which Yum and the franchisees were parties, was a "standard form" contract.
Accordingly, unless there has been extensive negotiation of the terms of a franchise agreement, we consider it likely that most franchise agreements will be considered standard form contracts.
What is an "unfair term"?
A small business contract will be "unfair" if it:
- would cause a significant imbalance in the parties' rights and obligations arising under the contract; and
- is not reasonably necessary to protect the legitimate interests of the party who would be advantaged by the term; and
- would cause detriment (whether financial or otherwise) to a party if it were to be applied or relied on.
For a court to declare a term to be unfair, all three of the above elements must be proven. The burden of proof is on the party advantaged by the term to prove the term is reasonably necessary to protect their legitimate interests. In determining whether a term is unfair, the court must take into account the extent to which the term is transparent, and the context of the term in the contract as a whole. A term will be transparent if it is expressed in reasonably plain language, legible, clearly presented and readily available to any party affected by the term. However it is important to note that a term may be transparent, but still be declared unfair.
The ACL contains a list of the types of terms which may be unfair, however these are largely generic terms that would be found in most commercial contracts. Of greater practical assistance when reviewing template contracts for unfair terms, are the 8 core areas identified by ACCC as being of concern. These are:
- unilateral rights of variation;
- early termination fees;
- auto-renewals/rollover provisions;
- limited or no liability clauses;
- liquidated damages clauses;
- unilateral right of termination;
- indemnity clauses; and
- forfeiture clauses.
The ACCC has also published a list of ten scenario-based examples of terms which it considers may be unfair. Notably, 3 of the examples relate to franchise agreements.
What happens if a term is unfair?
If a court declares a provision "unfair", the term will be void and therefore unenforceable. However, the contract will continue to bind the parties if the contract can operate without the unfair term. A franchisor who seeks to enforce a declared unfair term, will contravene the ACL. Such a contravention may result in an injunction, an order to provide redress to the small business affected, or any other order that the court considers appropriate.
Are any terms exempt from the UCT Legislation?
There are some terms to which the UCT Legislation will not apply. Section 26 of the ACL provides that the unfair contract term provisions will not apply to the term of a small business contract to the extent, but only to the extent, that the term:
- defines the main subject matter of the contract;
- sets the upfront price payable under the contract; or
- is a term required, or expressly permitted, by a law of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory (for example those terms required under the Franchising Code of Conduct).
Terms that set the upfront price payable
The upfront price payable includes any consideration (including future payments) payable under the contract which are referable to the supply, sale or grant the subject of the contract and which are disclosed at or before the time the contract is entered into.
In franchise agreements, terms that set the franchise fee, annual administration fee, royalties, bonuses and commissions are all terms which set elements of the upfront price payable under the agreement, and would be exempt from the UCT Legislation. It is important to note the distinction between the use of upfront price to determine whether the contract falls within the ambit of the legislation (in which case royalties, commissions and bonuses based on a percentage of a franchisee's earnings are excluded) and the application of the UCT Legislation to terms which impose an obligation on a party to the contract to pay certain amounts under the agreement.
Amounts which are contingent on the occurrence or non-occurrence of a particular event are not exempt from the Legislation and could be declared unfair. Examples of such amounts are penalty interest, termination fees, renewal fees, relocation fees, transfer fees and premises upgrade fees.
Risks and recommendations
The most obvious risk is, of course, the declaration of an "unfair term" in a small business contract resulting in either a term, part of a contract or an entire contract being found enforceable. The flow on effect of terms being unenforceable is much more uncertain and potentially far reaching.
Brand and reputation damage following class actions or other legal proceedings is also a foreseeable risk. This risk is particularly relevant to franchise networks, where disgruntled franchisees are more likely to collaborate.
Notwithstanding the above risks, franchisors can take some comfort from the significant disclosure requirements placed on franchisors under to the Franchising Code of Conduct. Given the emphasis on disclosure and transparency, if franchisors have been compliant with the Franchising Code of Conduct in their dealings with franchisees, it is less likely that terms in franchise agreements, in particular those regarding an amount or obligation arising from a contractual term that is further explained in the disclosure document, will be considered unfair. That said, disclosure of information does not necessarily equate to transparency. Accordingly, franchisors should ensure that the terms of their franchise agreements are transparent (expressed in reasonably plain language, legible, clearly presented and readily available to a party affected by the term) to further reduce the risk of a declaration of unfairness. Franchisors may also wish to consider reducing the size of their agreements.
Franchisors also need to be aware that the UCT is not limited to just franchise agreements. It covers all standard form contracts, where one or more parties to the contract is a small business, entered into, varied (but only to the parts varied), renewed or rolled over after 12 November 2016. As such, franchisors should also be considering and reviewing any other agreements that they routinely use, such as supply agreements.
Review of contracts
We recommend that franchisors conduct a term by term review of their franchise agreements for potential unfair terms. Such a review should include any additional documents or conditions which are referred to in the franchise agreement, such as the operations manual as they will form part of the agreement.
In reviewing each term consider:
- is the term transparent in that it is written in plain English and clearly expressed;
- is there a legitimate reason for the term to be in the contract. If so, this should be documented;
- are the restrictions, limitiations or obligations are really necessary;
- is the term largely redundant in that the franchisor rarely enforces or relies on it; and
- are there other terms in the contract which mitigate the unfairness of a term, for example a right of termination for the franchisee where price increases exceed a certain amount.
In addition, franchisors should consider whether they use any other standard form contracts that may be impacted by the UCT Legislation. If so, these contracts should also be reviewed on the same basis that the franchise agreement is reviewed.
Drafting trends in franchise agreements
We consider that the implementation of the UCT Legislation will see some new drafting trends in franchise agreements. In particular, it is quite possible that franchisors will want to move to shorter form documents as they seek to ensure that their franchise agreements are transparent and easier to comprehend.
In relation to the subject matter of the franchise agreement, clauses which grant the franchisor a unilateral right to vary certain terms of the franchise agreement (for example, increasing minimum performance standards, increasing fees or decreasing commissions) may need to be amended to allow franchisees the right to dispute the variation or to terminate the franchise agreement on notice following a variation if they can show that such a variation jeopardises their franchise business.
Providing a franchisee with the right to exit the business if a unilateral change decreases the viability of its business beyond originally expected limits , is fairer than requiring the franchisee to "stick it out" for the remainder of the contract term. Such a right, though not traditionally present in franchise agreements, is not as alarming a prospect as it initially appears because it provides franchisors with opportunities to avoid having to enforce performance management criteria for franchisees who have already emotionally left the system. Accordingly, a right of termination for convenience in such circumstances does provide franchisors with a timely opportunity to "refresh" their network.
The UCT Legislation has the potential to have a big impact on standard form agreements used within franchise networks. However, by spending some time reviewing and considering your standard form agreements now, you can minimise the likelihood that your agreements will be found to contain unfair clauses which are then struck out.


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About Sergey Neller
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So I've been playing on the PC client for windows for 2 years now and everything has ALWAYS been super smooth until now...
I really have no idea what's causing it, but my FPS stays at 60 for about 5-10 minutes.
Then the longer i play, the game gets laggier and laggier, worst It's got to is 7-15FPS...
I can temporarily fix this by running CCleaner and clearing all caches etc, but that's not good enough, I need a permanent fix.
As i said, I've never had this issue before, and i know for sure It's nothing to do with my PC hardware.
I can go play GTA V right now with all graphics set on high and keep a constant 45-60FPS, and most other games I play run at a constant 60FPS.
So i really don't understand what's happening with Growtopia, and I'm hoping somebody knows what my problem is?
PC Specs:
OS - Windows 10
CPU - FX6300 6 Core 3.5GHZ
I also have Growtopia running from my SSD so there should 100% no problem with running the game at a constant 60FPS.
Would really appreciate if anybody can help, thanks!


text: 30th Mar 2016 Employee retention in the early days Read More 23rd Mar 2016 Temperament is the key to management success Read More 15th Mar 2016 Hidden Traits that Shape Success Read More 1st Mar 2016 Steering Clear of the First Day Jitters Read More 16th Feb 2016 You and McQuaig Video Read More 2nd Feb 2016 Onboarding Starts Pre-Hire Read More 12th Jan 2016 The Job Description Is Essential for Effective Succession Planning Read More 1st Dec 2015 Tips for Successful Succession Planning Read More 24th Nov 2015 Stop! Don't judge on first appearances Read More 4th Nov 2015 What's Your Leadership Worth? Read More 25th Jun 2013 Do Candidates Ever Fake McQuaig Word Survey® Responses? Read More 10th Dec 2012 The McQuaig Self-Development Survey™ Read More 29th Nov 2012 Changes in McQuaig Profiles Read More 16th Oct 2012 Tips to Develop Your Workers Using The McQuaig Psychometric System Read More


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The snowboarding lessons an instructor won't teach you
By no means would I consider myself an expert snowboarder, but I like to think I know a thing or two having started with downhill skiing at age three. I've experienced the mountains before in Austria, Whistler and Japan but it wasn't until my recent trip to Banff that I learned some real lessons about snowboarding.
We started our mornings early as we prepared to catch our favourite 7:40am bus (you can never be too early to the ski hill when the lifts close at 4pm and you want to avoid the rush heading home!). And on day one we headed to Sunshine Village for somewhat sentimental reasons as this is where my Dad learned to ski and let's be honest, he's the reason any of us ever decided to take up this crazy sport. Up the gondola we went, a beautiful 20 minute ride, followed by both wardrobe and mental preparation to get up the mountain. I was overly concerned about being too cold but little did I know that would be the least of my worries that day.
After a few great runs and finding my rhythm, I found myself at the bottom of the lift feeling nauseous, dizzy, faint. I put my head down, took a deep breath while having a conversation with myself: a reminder that it's all in my head. In other words, suck it up and carry on. But when I lifted my head up and saw stars, I knew something was up. Next thing I knew my Dad was talking to the liftie asking for ski patrol to come pick me up.
Lesson one (and you probably knew this one): never ski alone.
At this point I was laying in the snow in fear of falling if I stood up and was thankful when the snow mobile arrived.
Lesson two: fashion first, safety second.
Before I knew it I had company on my snow mobile ride - a snowboarder showed up bleeding from his face and all I could think the whole way down was too hold on tight, lean forward and pray that he didn't bleed on my white snowboarding jacket!! Luckily my jacket was still clean when I was safely laying down in the infirmary and it was time to take my vitals.
Lesson three: do not wear nail polish when participating in high risk activities.
It doesn't allow for a read of your "sats" (the percentage of hemoglobin sites occupied by oxygen for the science nerds like me out there). So off came the socks and boots while I was hooked up to oxygen and after all was said and done my symptoms came down to one thing: altitude sickness.
Lesson four: be prepared.
I now know to drink more water, eat more food, and to take a couple of IBuprofen which I learned can act as mild blood thinner to help at high altitude. After a good lunch and lots of liquids, I felt like myself again.
Lesson five: persevere.
It would have been easy to give in, pack it up and call it a day. But I hadn't come all this way to sit in the chalet. I was back to playing that mental game with myself to get going and sure enough it paid off - the afternoon continued to provide sunshine, clear blue skies and an inspirational view you can't get anywhere else.
Share my lessons by sending this blog to a friend or posting on social media!


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Summary GOELLIPTICAL V-450 Standard Stride 17″ with Three position adjustable
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adjustment hand system support fully HRC control program. Perfect item for
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and Heart Rate"" readout. 3. The Go Elliptical V-450 is equipped with a
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programs, random programs with unlimited variations and 24 different levels of
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Unless noted Otherwise in the Item Description, we ship all orders within 2 business days of payment.
Most items are shipped within one business day via UPS within the Continental United States.
- Canada shipment can take up to 10 days
- Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico shipment can take up to 10 days, and some items may not be permitted to ship to these locations.
- If any shipment is not permitted to your area, full refund will be issued within two business days.
Return Policy
All returns accepted within 30 days after receiving the item.
- Refund given as money back (no exchanges)
- Return Shipping to be paid by buyer, unless item defective or damaged.
- 15% Restocking fee applies unless return due to defective or damaged product.
- Perishable or Hazardous Goods are not returnable. Returns may require compliance with Manufacturer policies.
We take our reputation seriously. We buy and sell online, so we understand the value of trust. If you are unsatisfied with your order for any reason, please Contact Us and we will work with you to resolve it to your satisfaction.


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raditionally, specialist music education has been the domain of the independent school system. Providing music schools is something which states in Europe don't do, as a rule. Except Scotland, that is.
The Scottish Executive funds the country's four centres of excellence in music through its Excellence Fund. They provide specialist music education in addition to the full curriculum of their host school, with many pupils progressing to prestigious conservatoires and Royal Colleges of Music.
Tudor Morris, director of the City of Edinburgh Music School, based in Broughton High and Flora Stevenson Primary, says 63 per cent of the school's leavers go on to conservatoires and music colleges around the UK, predominantly the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester and the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow. Many have also gone to London to the Royal College of Music, the Royal Academy of Music and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. And 35 per cent go on to university, about half to study music.
"The Royal Northern College is popular because of a joint course with Manchester University that is incredibly demanding but can lead to a double first (class degree)," says Mr Morris.
"Some students go abroad, to music colleges such as Berklee College in Boston, the American School of Modern Music in Paris and the Juilliard and Manhattan School of Music in New York."
The City of Edinburgh Music School has 50 pupils from P2 to S6, of numerous nationalities. Sixty per cent are local, 20 per cent come from the rest of Scotland and 20 per cent from further afield. The past five years have seen pupils from Peru, Russia, Korea, China, Japan, Spain, Germany and Mexico, playing everything from piano to alphorn.
It is becoming the first official "Steinway school" in Europe, with Steinway pianos replacing others. "It's quite a prestigious partnership,"
says Mr Morris.
Public performing plays an important role in the school's profile. "We played for the opening of the new Scottish Parliament, the millennium Hogmanay celebrations, royalty and visiting world leaders," he says. "Music school students performed at over 60 public performances last session, including the opening of the national Mod."
They recently performed with the three other music schools in a concert at The Hub in Edinburgh - the first time the schools have performed together - to an invited audience of civil servants, educationists, HM Inspectorate, musicians, teachers and parents.
Pupils follow the normal timetables of Broughton High and Flora Stevenson Primary, but are taken out of mutually agreed lessons. The primary pupils do two half-hour music sessions a day; in S1 and S2, a quarter of the lessons are specialist music; the proportion rises to half by S5 and S6.
"We try to get whoever would be the best match to come and work with them,"
explains Mr Morris. "If someone's doing traditional music, we'd ask somebody like Aly Bain to come in. If someone wanted to be a rock singer, we'd ask Shirley Manson (of rock band Garbage), a former pupil."
"We fast-track them in academic subjects to create time further up the school. They nearly all leave with five Highers and an A-level in music.
"A large proportion of our students have additional academic needs," he says. "I am not sure if this is coincidental or maybe linked to being gifted and using music as an important means of self-expression. Among the recent specialist students are children also coping with Asperger's syndrome, dyslexia and severe emotional problems."
Dougie Pincock, director of the the National Centre of Excellence in Traditional Music in Plockton, Wester Ross, feels the music schools are "one of the very few success stories of the Scottish Executive", along with the sports school and dance school, because they are genuinely accessible.
"The opportunity is there for the pupils and it doesn't matter how poor they are or where they come from. The only criterion is ability."
Pupils from all over Scotland board in the school hostel at Plockton High.
Of the 21 pupils at the school, which is only five years old, 17 are in S5 or S6. "Most of our pupils join us in S5 or S6," explains Mr Pincock.
"There are very few S1 pupils who are able to perform at the level we operate at. At 15-16 they're ready to perform, ready to move away from home."
Music accounts for 10 hours a week plus one weekend a month for the pupils, over and above their normal education.
"They're doing this as well as Highers, so it's hectic but it's very rewarding. The kids put a lot into it but they get a lot out of it too."
The full range of traditional music - bagpipes, fiddle, accordion, clarsach, piano, guitar, whistle, flute and Gaelic and Scots song - are on offer, with tutoring from some of Scotland's leading traditional musicians.
"They each have to do a first and second study. If clarsach is your main instrument, you might do a second study on piano. It's to give them a breadth of musical experience and understanding."
Mr Pincock says about 60 per cent of pupils go on to study music. "Quite a lot go on to the RSAMD to do a BA in Scottish music, some go to Strathclyde and do a BA in applied music, we've placed a couple at Newcastle University - they've offer a BA in folk and traditional music - and one's in Limerick doing a BA in Irish music and dance."
S6 pupil Kimberley Mackay, from Wick, plays fiddle, pipes and piano. "We get great opportunities, like gigs and workshops, and good tutors once a week, people like Iain MacFarlane, Jack Evans, Andy Thorburn," she says.
The school has a proud tradition of producing a CD every year in its studio and released May the 4th Be With You last month.
Bodega, comprising five former pupils and one current pupil, recently won BBC Radio 2's Young Folk award.
Public performances include the Mod, Celtic Connections, the Scottish Parliament and in 2007 the launch of the Highland festival.
Dyce Academy plays host to the Aberdeen City Music School, which can take up to 50 pupils. "We take people on merit," says its director, Stephen Pinnock.
"In addition to that, we've got a number of primary school bursary holders where we offer free tuition to pupils who demonstrate exceptional promise.
"As a rough guide, when they come in at S1 they've got to be somewhere in the region of grade three, four or five with distinction. Once they come into S5, they're grade six and above with distinction. Our job is to get them to that stage. We've got dozens with grade eight with distinction.
Seven have the diploma of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and one has the licentiate of the Royal Schools of Music."
Ten pupils will be leaving at the end of this session. Several are going to the RSAMD and Royal Northern College of Music and one has been offered a place at both the Royal College of Music and the Royal Academy of Music in London. Others have gone on to Guildhall and the Royal Academy.
"Ninety per cent go on to conservatoires," says Mr Pinnock.
The pupils come from all over Scotland. Of the current role of 38, 31 are boarders.
"We get people from all sorts of social backgrounds and they're judged purely on merit and potential. It's equal opportunity. We've got some from lower income bracket homes and there's no way they could have afforded the amount of tuition we give or the fees to go to a private school."
Public performing is central to the ethos and success of the school, says Mr Pinnock. "The more public performances, the better. We played to the Queen when she was in Aberdeen on October 4; we do a major concert in the Music Hall in Aberdeen every year and we do dozens of other concerts for charity, citizenship ceremonies and so on."
The music school at Douglas Academy in East Dunbartonshire is the fourth centre of excellence. Its director, Ronald McIntosh, believes it is far-sighted of the Executive to fund the centres within the state sector.
"From whatever background, boys and girls throughout the country can benefit significantly from courses which combine normal day school education with specialist tuition in a wide variety of musical opportunities," he says.
Mr Morris agrees. "In England there are specialist music schools but they're in the independent sector. In Scotland, our specialist colleges are funded through the state, which is marvellous."


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