text:
|Insurgency in Balochistan
Map with the Balochistan region in pink.
Supported by:
Sectarian groups
Jaish ul-Adl
|Commanders and leaders
Liaquat Ali Khan (1949ŌĆō1951)
Ayub Khan (1958ŌĆō1969)
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1971ŌĆō1973)
Rahimuddin Khan (1979ŌĆō1988)
Tikka Khan (1988ŌĆō1990)
Pervez Musharraf (2001ŌĆō2008)
Ashfaq Parvez Kayani (2007ŌĆō2013)
Raheel Shareef (2013ŌĆō2016)
Qamar Javed Bajwa (2016-Present)
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1948ŌĆō1979)
Ruhollah Khomeini (1979ŌĆō1989)
Ali Khamenei (1989ŌĆōpresent)
Karim Khan (POW)
Dad Shah †
Abdolmalek Rigi
Abdolhamid Rigi
Muhammad Dhahir Baluch[citation needed]
Jundallah: 700[14] -2,000[15]
|Casualties and losses
Pakistani security forces
3,000ŌĆō3,300 killed[16]
303+ killed[17]
858+ killed[18][19][20]
164 killed (security forces and civilians)[21][22]
Baloch fighters
5,300 killed[16]
380+ killed[17]
1,076+ killed[18][19][20] ----
~6,000 civilians killed in Pakistan (1973ŌĆō1977)[16]
1,628+ civilians killed in Pakistan (2004ŌĆō2009)[12][17]
2,988+ civilians killed in Pakistan (2011-2018)[18][19][20]
~4,500 arrested (2004ŌĆō2005)[12]
~140,000 displaced (2004ŌĆō2005)[12]
3 Chinese civilians killed
4 kidnapped
5 oil tankers damaged[23]
The insurgency in Balochistan is a guerrilla war waged by Baloch nationalists against the governments of Pakistan and Iran in the Balochistan region, which covers Balochistan Province in southwestern Pakistan, Sistan and Baluchestan Province in southeastern Iran, and the Balochistan region of southern Afghanistan. Rich in natural resources like natural gas, oil, coal, copper, sulphur, fluoride and gold, this is the least developed province in Pakistan.[24] Armed groups demand greater control of the province's natural resources and political autonomy. Baloch separatists have attacked civilians from other ethnicities in the province.[25] In the 2010s, attacks against the Shia community by sectarian groupsŌĆöthough not always directly related to the political struggleŌĆöhave risen, contributing to tensions in Balochistan.[26][27]
In Pakistan's Balochistan province, insurgencies by Baloch nationalists have been fought in 1948, 1958ŌĆō59, 1962ŌĆō63 and 1973ŌĆō77, with an ongoing and reportedly stronger, broader insurgency beginning in 2003.[28]
This insurgency has begun to weaken. In an article titled "The End of Pakistan's Baloch Insurgency" Baloch analyst Malik Siraj Akbar reported that Baloch militants began killing their own commanders.[29] However, Akbar called anger towards Chief Minister Abdul Malik Baloch "growing and often uncontrollable".[30] Baloch militants have taken some reconciliation offers from the government and offered to hand in their weapons. In April 2016, four militant commanders and 144 militants had surrendered under reconciliation.[31] 600 rebels were killed and 1,025 surrendered after accepting reconciliation as of August 2016.[32] In April 2017, another 500 Baloch rebels surrendered to the state, including members of BRA, UBA, and LeB.[9]
Baloch separatists argue they are economically marginalised and poor compared to the rest of Pakistan.[33] Being crucial for Pakistan's economic future, China has invested $46 billion in the region.[24] The Balochistan Liberation Army, designated as a terrorist organisation by Pakistan and Britain,[34] is the most widely known Baloch separatist group. Since 2000 it has conducted numerous deadly attacks on Pakistani troops, police, and civilians. Other separatist groups include Lashkar-e-Balochistan and the Baloch Liberation United Front (BLUF).[35][36][37] In 2005, a rebellion by Baloch against the Islamic Republic of Iran began. The fight over the IRI Baloch region bordering Pakistan has "not gained" as much ground as the conflict in Pakistan.[38][39] Human rights activists have accused nationalist militants and the Government of Pakistan of human rights abuses.[40]
The News International reported in 2012 that a Gallup survey conducted for DFID revealed that the majority of Baloch do not support independence from Pakistan. Only 37 percent of Baloch were in favour of independence. Amongst Balochistan's Pashtun population support for independence was even lower at 12 percent. However, a majority (67 percent) of Balochistan's population did favour greater provincial autonomy.[41] The government has since taken democratisation steps, in 2013 provincial elections were held and a Grand Alliance of the Pakistan Muslim League (N) and Pashtun and Baloch local parties were formed.[42] The Supreme court ordered local government elections to be held which by 2015 helped to further decentralise policy making for local population regarding health, education and sanitation, the ruling coalition re-affirmed its mandate in the Balochistan province and won the majority.[43]
Historical Balochistan covers the southern part off Sistan o Baluchestan Province, Iran, in the west, the Pakistani province of Balochistan in the east, and, in the northwest, Afghanistan's Helmand Province. The Gulf of Oman forms its southern border. Mountains and desert make up much of the region's terrain. Most Balochis live in part that falls within Pakistan's borders.
Geographically, Balochistan Province is the largest region of Pakistan (comprising 44% of the country's total area), but it is the least inhabited, with only 5% of total population, and the least developed.[44] Sunni Islam is the predominant religion.[45]
Stuart Notholt, in his Atlas of Ethnic Conflict, describes the unrest in Balochistan as a "nationalist/self-determination conflict".[46]
The Baloch nationalist struggle is centred on the Khanate of Kalat, established in 1666 by Mir Ahmad. Under Mir Naseer Khan I in 1758, who accepted the Afghan paramountcy, the boundaries of Kalat stretched up to Dera Ghazi Khan in the east and Bandar Abbas in the west. However, in November 1839, the British invaded Kalat and killed the Khan and his followers. Afterwards, the British influence in the region gradually grew. In 1869, the British Political Agent Robert Sandeman ended up mediating a dispute between the Khan of Kalat and the Sardars of Balochistan, and established the British primacy in the region. The tribal areas of Marri, Bugti, Khetran and Chaghi were brought under the direct administration of a British Agent, eventually to become the Chief Commissioner's Province of Balochistan. Lasbela and Kharan were declared Special Areas with a different political system. The remaining areas of Sarawan, Jhalawan, Kacchi and Makran were retained as the Khanate of Kalat, supervised by a Political Agent of Kalat.[47]
In the 20th century, the educated Baloch middle class harboured hopes of an independent Balochistan free of the British. They formed a nationalist movement Anjuman-e-Ittehad-e-Balochistan in 1931. One of their first campaigns was to fight for the accession of Azam Jan as the Khan of Kalat and a constitutional government to be established under him. They were successful in establishing Azam Jan as the Khan but the new Khan sided with the Sardars and turned his back on the Anjuman. His successor Mir Ahmad Yar Khan was more sympathetic to Anjuman but he was averse to upsetting his relations with the British. The Anujman, transformed into the Kalat State National Party (KSNP), continued to fight for independence from the British. It was declared illegal by the Khanate in 1939 and its active leaders and activists were exiled. This paved the way for the formation of new political parties, Balochistan Muslim League allied to the Muslim League in June 1939 and Anjuman-i-Watan allied to the Indian National Congress in the same year.[48]
During British rule Balochistan was under the rule of a Chief Commissioner and did not have the same status as other provinces of British India . The Muslim League under Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the period 1927-1947 strived to introduce reforms in Balochistan to bring it on par with other provinces of British India.
During the Pakistan Movement, public opinion in Balochistan, at least in Quetta and other small towns, was overwhelmingly in favour of Pakistan. The pro-India Congress, which drew support from Hindus and some Muslims, sensing that geographic and demographic compulsions would not allow the provinceŌĆÖs inclusion into the newly Independent India, began to encourage separatist elements in Balochistan, and other Muslim majority provinces such as NWFP.[49]
The Khan of Kalat lent great support to the Pakistan Movement but also desired to declare independence. Lord Mountbatten, however, made it clear that the princely states with the lapse of British paramountcy would have to join either India or Pakistan, keeping in mind their geographic and demographic compulsions.[49]
On 19 July, Mountbatten called a Round Table Conference meeting between representatives of the State of Kalat and Government of Pakistan. Mountbatten discussed with them the status of the Kalat State. The representatives of Kalat argued that Kalat, as per the treaty of 1876, was an independent and sovereign state and not an Indian state. Mountbatten accepted this position only for the purpose of negotiation. Although state of Kalat has always been a princely state. Thus, Mountbatten confined the topic of discussion to the leased areas of Quetta, Nushki, Nasirabad and Bolan. He explained that Pakistan rejected KalatŌĆÖs claims that these areas should be returned to Kalat.
Pakistan's position was that it would inherit all treaty obligations incurred by India to the foreign states. Kalat argued that the leases clearly stated that the other party besides Kalat was the British Government alone. Kalat argued that it was a personal agreement and there was no provision that the leases to the British would be inherited by others. Therefore, since the agreement was between Kalat and the British Government, Pakistan could not be the latter's successor party.[49]
Pakistan did not agree that the agreement was personal as personal agreements by nature implied that only a particular person was involved. Mountbatten also said that according to international law, treaties such as the one being discussed were inherited by successors and not invalidated by a transfer of power. Mountbatten also suggested that in case there was no agreement the matter could be put before an Arbitral Tribunal.[49]
Kalat wished to have further discussions on the matter. Kalat also argued that in case of a vote in the leased areas between joining Kalat and joining Pakistan then the vote would go in favour of the former. Pakistan did not agree that the vote would have such a result.[49]
Kalat also expressed its deepest desire to remain on friendly terms with Pakistan and stated that it understood that Jinnah, who was anxious for a correct decision, wanted more time to study the issues between Kalat and Pakistan. Mountbatten, however, suggested that Jinnah not be brought into the discussions.[49]
Mountbatten insisted that Kalat and Pakistan sign a standstill agreement, which both countries did. The Standstill Agreement also stipulated that both parties would discuss as soon as possible about their relationship concerning Defence and External Affairs.[49] According to the Article I, 'The Government of Pakistan agrees that Kalat is an independent State, being quite different in status from other States of India'. However, the Article IV stated:
a standstill agreement will be made between Pakistan and Kalat by which Pakistan shall stand committed to all the responsibilities agreements signed by Kalat and the British Government from 1839 to 1947 and by this, Pakistan shall be the legal, constitutional and political successor of the British.[50]
Through this agreement, the British Paramountcy was effectively transferred to Pakistan.
However, without making any agreement with Pakistan and in violation of the Standstill Agreement the Khan of Kalat declared independence, to Jinnah's shock. Later on, the ruler of Kalat unconditionally signed an Instrument of Accession with Pakistan on 27 March 1948, contrary to the wishes of his state's legislature.[49]
Balochistan contained a Chief Commissioner's province and four princely states under the British Raj. The province's Shahi Jirga and the non-official members of the Quetta Municipality opted for Pakistan unanimously on 29 June 1947.[51] Three of the princely states, Makran, Las Bela and Kharan, acceded to Pakistan in 1947 after independence.[52] But the ruler of the fourth princely state, the Khan of Kalat, Ahmad Yar Khan, who used to call Jinnah his 'father',[53] declared Kalat's independence as this was one of the options given to all of the 535 princely states by British Prime Minister Clement Attlee.[54]
Kalat finally acceded to Pakistan on March 27, 1948 after the 'strange help' of All India Radio and a period of negotiations and bureaucratic tactics used by Pakistan.[53] The signing of the Instrument of Accession by Ahmad Yar Khan, led his brother, Prince Abdul Karim, to revolt against his brother's decision[55] in July 1948.[56] Princes Agha Abdul Karim Baloch and Muhammad Rahim, refused to lay down arms, leading the Dosht-e Jhalawan in unconventional attacks on the army until 1950.[55] The Princes fought a lone battle without support from the rest of Balochistan.[57] Jinnah and his successors allowed Yar Khan to retain his title until the province's dissolution in 1955.
Nawab Nauroz Khan took up arms in resistance to the One Unit policy, which decreased government representation for tribal leaders, from 1958 to 1959. He and his followers started a guerrilla war against Pakistan, and were arrested, charged with treason, and imprisoned in Hyderabad. Five of his family members, sons and nephews, were subsequently hanged on charges of treason and aiding in the murder of Pakistani troops. Nawab Nauroz Khan later died in captivity.[58] Nawab Nauroz Khan fought a lone battle as the rest of Balochistan did not support the uprising.[57]
After the second conflict, a Baloch separatist movement gained momentum in the 1960s, following the introduction of a new constitution in 1956 which limited provincial autonomy and enacted the 'One Unit' concept of political organisation in Pakistan. Tension continued to grow amid consistent political disorder and instability at the federal level. The federal government tasked the Pakistan Army with building several new bases in key areas of Balochistan. Sher Muhammad Bijrani Marri led like-minded militants into guerrilla warfare from 1963 to 1969 by creating their own insurgent bases, spread out over 45,000 miles (72,000 km) of land, from the Mengal tribal area in the south to the Marri and Bugti tribal areas in the north. Their goal was to force Pakistan to share revenue generated from the Sui gas fields with the tribal leaders. The insurgents bombed railway tracks and ambushed convoys. The Army retaliated by destroying vast areas of the Marri tribe's land. This insurgency ended in 1969, with the Baloch separatists agreeing to a ceasefire. In 1970 Pakistani President Yahya Khan abolished the "One Unit" policy,[59] which led to the recognition of Balochistan as the fourth province of West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan), including all the Balochistani princely states, the High Commissioners Province, and Gwadar, an 800 km2 coastal area purchased from Oman by the Pakistani government.
The unrest continued into the 1970s, culminating in a government-ordered military operation in the region in 1973.
In 1973, citing treason, President Bhutto dismissed the provincial governments of Balochistan and NWFP and imposed martial law in those areas,[60] which led to armed insurgency. Khair Bakhsh Marri formed the Balochistan People's Liberation Front (BPLF), which led large numbers of Marri and Mengal tribesmen into guerrilla warfare against the central government[61] According to some authors, the Pakistani military lost 3000 to 4000 soldiers during the conflict with the Balochi separatists, while between 7,000 and 9,000 Balochi militants and civilians were killed with majority being unarmed civilians.[16]
Assisted by Iran, Pakistani forces inflicted heavy casualties on the separatists. The insurgency fell into decline after a return to the four-province structure and the abolishment of the Sardari system.
In early 2005, rape of a female doctor (Shazia Khalid) at the Sui gas facility was the spark igniting the conflict.[62] Her case and the unusual comment by then Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf about the controversy, stating on national television, that the accused officer, named as Captain Hammad, was "not guilty",[63] led to the violent uprising by the Bugti tribe, disrupting the supply of gas to much of the country for several weeks.[64] In 2005, the Baluch political leaders Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti and Mir Balach Marri presented a 15-point agenda to the Pakistan government. Their stated demands included greater control of the province's resources and a moratorium on the construction of military bases.[65] On 15 December 2005 the inspector general of the Frontier Corps, Major General Shujaat Zamir Dar, and his deputy Brigadier Salim Nawaz (the current IGFC) were wounded after shots were fired at their helicopter in Balochistan Province. The provincial interior secretary later said that, after visiting Kohlu, "both of them were wounded in the leg but both are in stable condition."[66]
However, a 2006 cable from the American Embassy in Islamabad leaked by WikiLeaks noted that,
ŌĆ£There seems to be little support in the province, beyond the Bugti tribe, for the current insurgency.ŌĆØ[67]
In August 2006, Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti, 79 years old, was killed in fighting with the Pakistan Army, in which at least 60 Pakistani soldiers and 7 officers were also killed. Pakistan's government had charged him with responsibility of a series of deadly bomb blasts and a rocket attack on President Pervez Musharraf.[68]
In April 2009, Baloch National Movement president Ghulam Mohammed Baloch and two other nationalist leaders (Lala Munir and Sher Muhammad) were seized from a small legal office and were allegedly "handcuffed, blindfolded and hustled into a waiting pickup truck which is in still [sic] use of intelligence forces in front of their lawyer and neighboring shopkeepers." The gunmen were allegedly speaking in Persian (a national language of neighbouring Afghanistan and Iran). Five days later, on 8 April, their bullet-riddled bodies were found in a commercial area. The BLA claimed Pakistani forces were behind the killings, though international experts have deemed it odd that the Pakistani forces would be careless enough to allow the bodies to be found so easily and "light Balochistan on fire" (Herald) if they were truly responsible.[69] The discovery of the bodies sparked rioting and weeks of strikes, demonstrations, and civil resistance in cities and towns around Balochistan.[70]
On 12 August 2009, Khan of Kalat Mir Suleiman Dawood declared himself ruler of Balochistan and formally announced a Council for Independent Balochistan. The council's claimed domain includes Sistan and Baluchestan Province, as well as Pakistani Balochistan, but does not include Afghan Baloch regions. The council claimed the allegiance of "all separatist leaders including Nawabzada Bramdagh Bugti." Suleiman Dawood stated that the UK had a "moral responsibility to raise the issue of Balochistan's illegal occupation at international level."[71]
The Economist writes:
"[The Baloch separatists] are supportedŌĆöwith money, influence or sympathyŌĆöby some members of the powerful Bugti tribe and by parts of the Baloch middle class. This makes today's insurgency stronger than previous ones, but the separatists will nevertheless struggle to prevail over Pakistan's huge army."[35]ŌĆö The Economist, April 2012
US-based exiled Baloch journalist and newspaper or Malik Siraj Akbar writes that the ongoing Baloch resistance has created "serious challenges" for the Pakistan government, "unlike the past resistance movements", because it has lasted longer than previous insurgencies, has greater breadthŌĆöincluding the entire province "from rural mountainous regions to the city centers", involves Baloch women and children at "regular protest rallies", and has drawn more international attentionŌĆöincluding a 2012 hearing by the US Congress. Islamabad has accused its neighbour India of supporting the insurgency in Balochistan.[29] However infighting between insurgent groups as of late 2014 has weakened the movement.[29] On November 23 Chinese Consulate was attacked By BLA fighters.[72]
Many factors limit the scope of the nationalist insurgency, the Baloch themselves are divided into rival camps and often carry out tribal infighting amongst themselves. Pakistan's ISI often exploits this and brings tribal rivals into the ruling government. Balochistan province itself is of mixed ethnicity, with Baloch being 54% and the rest being Pashtuns and Sindhis, who are overwhelmingly Pakistani nationalists, this information can be seen in preliminary findings of 2011 census.[73] Sindhis vote for federalist parties such as Pakistan Peoples Party of Bhutto-Zardari family[74] and Pashtuns historically voted for conservative pro-Pakistan Islamist politicians such as Fazal-ur-Rehman (politician).[75] The Baloch practice Islam, are predominantly Sunni and speak Urdu with other ethnic groups such as Pashtuns and Sindhis, cultural traits in common with the rest of Pakistan. Government schools provide Urdu education, Baloch militants themselves stand accused of rights abuses, Human Rights Watch published a 40 page report which criticised Baloch nationalists of killing, threatening and harassing teachers.[76]
In 2014 there were about two million ethnic Baloch in Iran.[77]
In 1928, the new Pahlav─½ government of Iran was sufficiently well established to turn its attention to Baluchistan. Dost Mohammad Khan Baloch refused to submit, trusting in the network of alliances he had built up over the whole of the province south of the SarßĖźadd. However, as soon as Re┼╝─ü Shah's army under General Am─½r Amanullah Jahanbani arrived in the area, the alliances dissolved. D┼½st-MoßĖźammad Khan was left with a relatively small force and few allies of any consequence. The Persian army had little difficulty in defeating him. Once again Baluch political unity proved highly brittle. D┼½st-MoßĖźammad eventually surrendered and was pardoned on condition he live in Tehran. After a year, he escaped while on a hunting trip. In due course he was recaptured, and having killed his guard in the escape was hanged for murder.[78][79] Baloch activists complained that the new governance was centralised and dominated by the Persians, "forcing the Baloch community and other minorities to fight to protect their rights."[77]
Baloch people in Iran have several grievances. The Shi'ite Islamic revolution perceived the predominantly the Sunni Baloch as a "threat". Sistan-e-Balochistan, the province where Baloch have traditionally lived in Iran, has the country's worst rates for life expectancy, adult literacy, primary school enrolment, access to improved water sources and sanitation, infant mortality rate, of any province in Iran. Despite its important natural resources (gas, gold, copper, oil and uranium), the province has the lowest per capita income in Iran. Almost 80% of the Baloch live under the poverty line.[77]
In the early 2000s the radical Islamist group Jundallah became active in Balochistan. The al Qaeda-linked terrorist organisation has branches in both Iran and Pakistan. From 2003 to 2012, an estimated 296 people were killed in Jundullah-related violence in Iran.[80] Attacks in Iran included bombings in Zahedan in 2007, which killed 18 people, and another bombing in 2009 that killed 20 people. In 2009, 43 people were killed in a bombing in Pishin. In July 2010, 27 people were killed in bombings in Zahedan. In 2010, a suicide bombing in Chabahar killed 38 people.
Among the deaths in the Pishin bombings were two Iranian Revolutionary Guards generals: Noor Ali Shooshtari, the deputy commander of the Revolutionary Guards' ground forces, and Rajab Ali Mhammadzadeh, the Revolutionary Guards' Sistan and Baluchistan provincial commander.[81]
In 2010 the leader of Jundallah, Abdolmalek Rigi, was killed, causing fragmentation of the group but not an end to insurgent attacks. In October 2013, the group Jaish al-Adl (JAA, Army of Justice), killed 14 Iranian border guards in an ambush in the town of Rustak, near the town of Saravan. Shortly there after, the Iranian authorities executed 16 Balochs, on charges ranging from terrorism to drug trafficking.[77] Another group, Harakat Ansar Iran (Partisan Movement of Iran, HAI) killed two Basij officers and wounded numerous civilians in a October 2012 suicide bombing against the mosque of Imam Hussein, in the port city of Chabahar (Sistan and Baluchestan Province).[77]
According to analyst Daniele Grassi, "Salafism plays an increasingly central role" for the "post-Jundallah" militants of JAA and HAI. "The rhetoric of groups such as HAI and JAA uses strongly anti-Shia tones. The two groups often refer to the Iranian Islamic Republic as a Safavid regime, in reference to the Safavid dynasty which introduced Shiism in Iran." Iran is also concerned about anti-Shia co-operation between the two groups and ISIS.[77]
Iran has accused America of supporting Jundallah "for years". The US government, which has officially designated Jundallah a terrorist organisation, has denied this charge.[82] Iran has been angered by JAA's use of Pakistani territory as a refuge, and has threatened military operations in Pakistan to counter terrorist groups "on several occasions".[77]
In Balochistan, Pakistan, "drivers" of insurgency have been economic, cultural, involving immigration and human rights.
Economic inequality, and Balochistan's status as a "neglected province where a majority of population lacks amenities" is a dimension in the conflict.[83][67] Since the mid-1970s Balochistan's share of Pakistan's GDP has dropped from 4.9 to 3.7%.[84] Balochistan has the highest infant and maternal mortality rate, the highest poverty rate, and the lowest literacy rate in Pakistan.[67][85]
On the other hand, according to a report published in the Pakistani English-language Dawn newspaper, members of Balochistan's elite society, including provincial government ministers and officials, own "pieces of land greater in size than some small towns of the country", and had luxury vehicles, properties, investments and businesses valued at millions of rupees.[83]
Balochistan receives less per/unit in royalties than Sindh and Punjab provinces, since Balochistan's wellhead price five times lower than in Sindh and Punjab (the gas wellhead price is based on per capita provincial income in 1953).[86] Furthermore, the government has returned little of the royalties owed to the province, citing the need to recover operating costs.[87] Consequently, Balochistan is heavily in debt.[88][89]
Balochistan Province receives Rs 32.71 per unit on gas revenues, including a royalty of Rs 13.90, excise duty of Rs 5.09, and gas development surcharge of Rs 13.72. Many private individuals with gas deposits on their land also receive payments. Many Balochs argue that such royalties are too low.[90] In response, in 2011 Prime Minister Syed Yusuf Raza Gilani announced an addition of Rs. 120 billion (US$2.5 billion) to the gas development surcharge and royalty portion of the "Aghaz-e-Haqooq-e-Balochistan" package.[91] However, royalties often do not trickle down to the common people in Balochistan due to the corruption and wealth-hoarding of Baloch tribal chiefs. This has hindered the growth of infrastructure.[citation needed]
Extensive road and rail links developed by British colonialists in northern parts of Balochistan province have brought greater economic development to areas mainly inhabited by ethnic Pashtuns, which has also heightened nationalism among ethnic Balochs within the province.[89]
Another grievance is the construction of the megaport of Gwadar, which began in 2002 and is run entirely by the federal government. Baloch complain that construction of the port relies on Chinese engineers and labourers, and few Balochs have been employed. There has been little improvement in living standards for Balochs in the area. A parallel town for workers at Gwadar is being built close to the old one to segregate Balochs from the growing influx of outsiders. Government officials illegally sold much of the land around Gwadar, making massive profits at the expense of local Balochs. The Pakistani government responded to the Baloch's increased resentment and resistance to their economic marginalisation in Gwadar with a hardline approach, stationing soldiers in the area to secure it from insurgent attacks.[92][93][94]
The construction project resulted in the employment of a large number of non-Balochs, especially Punjabis, even though there is an excess in the number of unemployed Baloch engineers and technicians.[95]
Due to the historical shortage of skilled labour in Balochistan, skilled workers are often imported from other regions.[96] Their arrival means new industries can develop, boosting the local economy; however, nationalists argue that this creates resentment amongst the local inhabitants. Like Karachi, which after migration from Balochistan, Central Asia, Iran, East Asia and especially a large number of people arriving from other areas of Pakistan in search of daily living settled there, it has been a national financial hub in Pakistan,[97] thus the local inhabitants (Sindhis) became a minority in the largest city of their province. Nationalists argue against multiculturalism and non-Baloch immigration. Karachi city has been playing a key role as a financial hub for Pakistan and its economy has exploded to become on the major cities in Asia as a seaport. However, the city continues be a home for ethnic and sectarian violence. Balouch nationalist argue that migration leads to such events, and they are opposed to similar situation in Baluchistan. Mir Suleiman Dawood claims that the people in Balochistan remain deeply resentful of Pakistan's policies in the region and he, apart from other, rather militant, Baloch nationalist organisations have openly called for India's assistance in Balochistan's separation from Pakistan. On 12 August 2009, Khan of Kalat Mir Suleiman Dawood declared himself ruler of Balochistan and formally made announcement of a Council for Independent Balochistan. The Council's claimed domain includes "Baloch of Iran", apart from Pakistani Balochistan, but does not include Afghan Baloch regions, and the Council contains "all separatist leaders including Nawabzada Bramdagh Bugti."[98]
After the soviet invasion, around 4 million refugees from Afghanistan arrived and settled in the region which has resulted in substantial demographic imbalance.[95] Perceived marginalisation as a result of increased Pashtun migration from Afghanistan during the Afghan War drives the insurgency.[89]
A major factor in the Balouchistan conflict is education, which nationalists feel has been neglected. The government of Pakistan recognises that importing skilled labour from other regions has caused tensions in the region, and has thus sought to encourage scholarships for Balochi students so they can participate in development programmes. The quota for Baloch students in Punjab university was doubled in 2010 under the Cheema Long Scheme, on the order of CM Shabaz Sharif. The provincial governments of Sindh, Punjab and KP said they would take steps to encourage Balochistan students to enroll and benefit from 100% scholarships.[99][100] However, nationalists argue that not enough education development is taking place, and that the government has neglected its duty.
Many Balochis have not tended to look favourably on Pakistan and the army's intervention in politics as they see the military as dominated by Punjabis and the interests of the Punjabis (who make up 45% of Pakistan's population) and lacking Baloch representation.[67]
In the insurgencies themselves, the military's "harsh response" has led to "a spiral of violence".[101] (See Human Rights Issues below.) A report by the Pakistan Security Research Unit notes, "Islamabad's militarized approach has led to ... violence, widespread human rights abuses, mass internal displacement and the deaths of hundreds of civilians and armed personnel."[85][102]
According to the International Crisis Group the attempt to crush the insurgency as in earlier insurgencies is feeding Baloch disaffection.[103] Moderate Balochs have been alienated from the government by the imprisonment of civilians without charges, and routine kidnapping of dissidents.[101][Note 1]
During 1970s the then Afghan President Mohammed Daoud Khan established militant training camps in Afghanistan for Baloch rebels. These were the first modern training camps in the country.[105]
The former Pakistani ambassador to the US, Hussain Haqqani, wrote that in the 1970s training camps were set up in Afghanistan by Daoud to support Baloch separatists in Pakistan.[106] According to a student paper, "Pakistan's fear that a communist Afghanistan would embolden the Baloch and Pashtun Marxist separatists in the western Pakistani province of Balochistan was confirmed when Daoud began supporting Marxist Baloch and Pashtun groups in eastern Afghanistan".[107]
|As president, Daoud started antagonising Pakistan [...] He set up a training camp outside Kandahar for Baluch rebels to foment trouble across the border in Pakistan...
|ŌĆö Christian Parenti, Tropic of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence (2011), p.103[108]
Daoud Khan was removed from power in Afghanistan in 1978 by a communist coup.
In 2012, Pakistani interior minister Rehman Malik stated that Baloch Republican Party chief Brahamdagh Bugti was operating militant training camps in Afghanistan, which were dismantled only after Islamabad conveyed its knowledge of these camps to Kabul. Malik said that the camps in Afghanistan were responsible for training up to 5,000 insurgents, and that Bugti had hired three large houses in Kabul. The Pakistani minister claimed that the president of Afghanistan, Hamid Karzai, had accepted that militants based in Afghanistan were fuelling terrorism in Balochistan.[109] The Pakistani Tribune wrote that "in response to Islamabad's request, Kabul has formally given its assurance [that it will] stop the infiltration of militants from Kandahar to Balochistan's border district Chaman."[110] Previously, Karzai had always denied that Balochs in Afghanistan were supporting an armed struggle in Balochistan.[111] According to WikiLeaks cables, Karzai said in a 2007 conversation with US officials, "that [Baloch leader] Bugti had once tried to call Karzai but he had refused for the sake of good relations with Pakistan. Now he cannot forgive himself for refusing. Karzai assessed that Pakistan had troubles with many other tribes too, as a result of its trying to divide and conquer and turn the tribes against each other. Pakistan needed to address the bigger picture, Karzai urged."[111] Baloch leaders such as Bugti left Afghanistan for Switzerland.[109]
Chief of FC troops in Balochistan, Major General Obaidullah Khan Khattak, said in June 2012 that "over 30 militant camps" had been established in Afghanistan. Those camps are receiving support from Afghanistan and they are used "to launch terrorist and anti-state activities in Balochistan".[112] Malik Siraj Akbar, a Washington based analyst claim that Afghanistan has always been a relatively safe hideout for the Baloch nationalist militants.[113]
On 25 December 2018, Aslam Baloch alias Achu and six other Baloch liberation army (BLA) commanders were killed in suicide attack in Kandahar, Afghanistan.[114] BLA spokesman confirmed death of Aslam Baloch and five other BLA commanders.[114] Afghan sources claim General Abdul Raziq Achakzai has housed Aslam Baloch and other separatist in Kandahar for years.[115][116] Tolo News reported that Aslam Baloch has been residing in Afghanistan since 2005.[117]
According to Malik Siraj Akbar, a Baloch journalist living in exile, there is a consensus in Pakistani authorities to allege that India is behind the insurgency in Balochistan without feeling a need to share evidence for Indian involvement.[30] Pakistan has repeatedly accused India of supporting Baloch rebels, starting with an attack in Gwadar in 2004 where three Chinese engineers were killed.[118][119][120]
Wright-Neville writes that Pakistani government and some Western observers believe that India secretly funds the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA).[121] The former American Af-Pak envoy Richard Holbrooke said in 2011 that while Pakistan had repeatedly shared its allegations with Washington, it had failed to provide any evidence to the United States that India was involved in separatist movements in Balochistan. He did not consider Pakistan's accusations against India credible. Holbrooke also strongly rejected the allegation that India was using its consulates in Afghanistan to facilitate Baloch rebel activity, saying he had "no reason to believe Islamabad's charges", and that "Pakistan would do well to examine its own internal problems".[122] In 2009, a Washington based think tank Center for International Policy, published its report stating that No evidence of IndiaŌĆÖs involvement in Balochistan had been provided by Pakistan and the allegations made by Pakistan lacked credibility as Baloch rebels had been fighting with "ineffectual small arms".[123]
India has categorically denied the allegations, pointing to Pakistan's failure to provide evidence.[119]
Brahamdagh Bugti stated in a 2008 interview that he would accept aid from India, Afghanistan, and Iran in defending Baluchistan.[124] When asked about the alleged link of his group with India, he is reported to have laughed and said, "Would our people live amid such miserable conditions if we enjoyed support from India?"[125] Baloch National Front secretary Karima Baloch claims the allegations against India are an "excuse to label ingrown Balochistan freedom movement as a proxy war to cover up the war crimes Pakistani state has committed in Balochistan".[126]
On 29 March 2016, Pakistan claimed that it had apprehended a serving Indian naval officer, Kulbhushan Yadav who was allegedly tasked by Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) to destabilize Pakistan.[127] The Indian government recognised Jadhav as a former naval officer but denied any current links with him and claimed that he took premature retirement and was abducted from Iran.[128][129][130]
In 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi criticized Pakistan and alleged human rights issues in Balochistan during an Independence Day speech.[131] Pakistan condemned Modi's remarks, calling it an attempted diversion from violence in Kashmir and a reiteration of Pakistani allegations vis-a-vis Indian involvement in Balochistan.[132] Modi's comments were welcomed by exiled Baloch separatist leaders[133] but sparked anti-India protests by political organisations and locals in Balochistan.[134]
On 8 June 2017, India raised the issue of Human rights violation at Balochistan at the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) that Pakistan has systematically violated the human rights of its own citizens in Baluchistan and Pakistan administered Kashmir.[135]
On 10 February 1973, Pakistani police and paramilitary raided the Iraqi embassy in Islamabad, seizing a large cache of small arms, ammunition, grenades and other supplies, which were found in crates marked 'Foreign Ministry, Baghdad'. The ammunition and weaponry was believed to be destined for Baloch rebels. Pakistan responded by expelling and declaring persona non grata the Iraqi Ambassador Hikmat Sulaiman and other consular staff. In a letter to U.S. President Nixon on 14 February, Bhutto blamed India and Afghanistan, along with Iraq and the Soviet Union, for involvement in a "conspiracy ... [with] subversive and irredentist elements which seek to disrupt Pakistan's integrity."[136]
According to author Mark Perry, CIA memos revealed that in 2007 and 2008 Israeli agents posed as American spies and recruited Pakistani citizens to work for Jundallah (BLA affiliate) and carried out false flag operations against Iran.[137]
The Baloch Society of North America (BSO-NA) was a Baloch lobbying group founded in 2004 in Washington D.C.[138] by Dr. Wahid Baloch, a graduate of Bolan Medical College who had gone into self-imposed exile in the United States in 1992. Between 2004 and 2014, his group had been trying to gain American (as well as Israeli) support for the independence of Balochistan. He held meetings with several American Congressmen and allegedly had meetings with several CIA officials. Dr. Baloch had long claimed that the Pakistani state was committing acts of genocide against the Baloch people, and that Islamabad's aim was to plunder the province's vast mineral resources. In January 2014 he released a letter appealing to the United States and Israel for direct assistance in preventing an alleged "killing spree of Baloch people" by the "Pakistani army".[139]
In May 2014, Dr. Baloch disbanded the BSO-NA, claiming that the War of Independence of Balochistan was actually a "war of independence of Khans, Nawabs and Sardars". He has since formed the Baloch Council of North America (BCN), which has dedicated itself to working with all democratic and nationalist forces in Pakistan to secure Baloch rights through democratic, nonviolent means, within the federation of Pakistan.[140]
Syed F. Hasnat alleged that during the SovietŌĆōAfghan War (1979ŌĆō1989), the Soviet Union helped establish the Balochistan Liberation Army[141] which chiefly operates from southern Afghanistan.[121]
The US State Department's official policy rejects secessionist forces in the Pakistani part of Balochistan, in support of the country's "unity and territorial integrity".[142] The US has, however, expressed concerns over human rights issues and urged parties in Pakistan to "work out their differences peaceably and through a valid political process."[142] In February 2010 a Jundullah leader captured by Iran, Abdulmalek Rigi, alleged on Iranian TV "that the US had promised to provide" Jundullah "with military equipment and a base in Afghanistan, near the Iranian border" for its fight against Iran. Rigi did not mention assistance in fighting Pakistan (which Iran accuses of backing the Jundullah, according to the BBC). The US has denied links with Jundullah, and according to the BBC, "it is not possible" to determine whether Abdolmalek Rigi "made the statement freely or under duress."[143]
In late 2011, the Balochistan conflict became the focus of dialogue on a new US South Asia strategy brought up by some US congressmen, who said they were frustrated over Pakistan's alleged continued support to the Afghan Taliban, which they said led to the continuation of the War in Afghanistan. Although this alternative to the Obama Administration's Af-Pak policy has generated some interest, "its advocates clearly do not yet have broad support".[144]
In the 1980s the CIA, the Iraqi Intelligence Service, Pakistani Sunni extremist group Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan, and the Mujahedin e-Kalq supported a Baluchi tribal uprising against Iran.[2] A February 2011 article by Selig S. Harrison of the Center for International Policy called for supporting "anti-Islamist forces" along the southern Arabian Sea coast, including "Baluch insurgents fighting for independence from Pakistan", as a means of weakening the "rising tide of anti-American passion" in Pakistan and heading off any alliance between Islamabad and Beijing ŌĆō Pakistan having granted China access to a naval base at Gwadar.[145]
In the period 2003 to 2012, it is estimated that 8000 people were abducted by Pakistani security forces in Balochistan.[35] In 2008 alone, more than 1100 Baloch people disappeared.[146] There have also been reports of torture.[147] An increasing number of bodies "with burn marks, broken limbs, nails pulled out, and sometimes with holes drilled in their heads" are being found on roadsides as the result of a "kill and dump" campaign conducted by Pakistani security forces, particularly Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and the Frontier Corps (FC) ŌĆō which, until the September 11th attacks, had sided with the Afghan Taliban and Al-Qaeda against the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan.[148][149] A 2013 report from the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan identified ISI and Frontier Corps as the perpetrators for many disappearances, while noting a more cooperative stance from these agencies in recent years as perceived by local police forces.[150] The Pakistan Rangers are also alleged to have committed a vast number of human rights violations in the region.[151] No one has been held responsible for the crimes.[148]
Militant groups like Lashkar-e-Jhangvi have systematically targeted Shia Muslims in Balochistan, with about 600 being killed in attacks in recent years.[35][152][153][154]
About 800 non-Baloch settlers (mostly Punjabis) and anti-BLA Balochis have been killed by Baloch militant groups since 2006.[35][36][37]
During a camp at Broken Chair, Geneva, Baloch Republican Party (BRP) leader Sher Baz Bugti alleged that Baloch youth, women and children were kept in "torture cells". BRP chief Brahumdagh Bugti called upon human rights organisation, including the United Nations, to take steps to stop the alleged "Baloch genocide".[155]
In 2005, 32 Hindus were killed by firing from the government side near Nawab Akbar Bugti's residence during bloody clashes between Bugti tribesmen and paramilitary forces. The firing left the Hindu residential locality near Bugti's residence badly hit.[156]
According to the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) and other independent national and international media sources, the efforts of Pakistan governmental agencies in countering Baloch nationalism, as well as the activities of terrorist organisations such as Lashkar-i-Jhangvi and Pakistani Taliban, have produced a surge in religious extremism in Balochistan. Hindus, Shias (including Hazaras) and Zikris have been targeted, resulting in the migration of over 300,000 of them from Baluchistan.[157][158][159][160]
There are more than 5,000 cases of 'forced disappearances' in Balochistan.[161] Many are innocent and stuck in Pakistan's slow court system whilst other are in prison awaiting charges on a range of things such as gun smuggling and robbery.[162] The chief justice of an apex court of Pakistan asked about the situation and said it was going out of control in Balochistan.[161] The Supreme Court is currently investigating the "missing persons" and issued an arrest warrant for the former Military Dictator Pervez Musharaff. Furthermore, the Chief Justice of the court said the military must act under the government's direction and follow well-defined parameters set by the Constitution.[163]
In June 2011, the prime minister was informed that 41 missing people had returned to their homes, false cases against 38 had been withdrawn and several others had been traced. The PM urged police to trace the missing people and help them to return to their homes.[164]
The Supreme Court apex court headed by Justice Iqbal decided ordered the government to the grant of subsistence allowance to the affected families. Justice Iqbal advised families not to lose hope. He said the issue of missing persons had become a chronic problem and, therefore, the Commission of Inquiry on Enforced Disappearances, constituted on the orders of the apex court, should be made permanent.[165]
The government of Pakistan has repeatedly stated its intention to bring industrialisation to Balochistan, and continues to claim that progress has been made by way of the "Aghaz-e-Haqooq-e-Balochistan" package of political and economic reforms issued in 2009.[166] This is challenged by Baloch nationalist groups, who argue the benefits of these policies have not accrued to native Baloch residents of the province.[citation needed] Baloch nationalist groups continue to highlight the extraction of natural resources, especially natural gas, from the province, without discernible economic benefit to the Baloch people.[citation needed] Nonetheless, the government of Pakistan continues to insist that industrial zones are planned along the new Gawadar-Karachi highway. According to the government, this development is envisaged to bring accelerated progress in the future for the Baloch.[citation needed]
In February 2006 three Chinese engineers assisting in the construction of a local cement factory were shot and killed in an attack on their automobile,[167] while another 11 injured in a car bomb attack by BLA.[citation needed] China recalled its engineers working on the project in Balochistan.[citation needed] The progress in the hydro-power sector has been slow since then.
The people of the region have largely maintained a nomadic lifestyle marked by poverty and illiteracy.[168] The indigenous people are continuously threatened by war and other means of oppression, which have resulted in the loss of thousands of innocent lives over many years.[169][170][156] Presently, according to Amnesty International, Baluch activists, politicians and student leaders are among those that are being targeted in forced disappearances, abductions, arbitrary arrests and cases of torture and other ill-treatment.[171]
The chief minister of the province has said
"A large number of professors, teachers, engineers, barbers and masons are leaving the province for fear of attacks, This inhuman act will push the Baloch nation at least one century back. The Baloch nation will never forgive whoever is involved in target killings... He said the government has approved three university campuses, three medical colleges and hospitals for Turbat, Mastung, Naseerabad and Loralai districts but there was shortage of teachers in the area".[172]
Rice traders from Punjab have also been killed in target killing, this has resulting in higher prices of foods items in Balochistan. Almost 40 people of non-Balochi ethnic groups were killed in 2009.[25]
Funding for Balochistan's annual development programme in 2010ŌĆō11 was R27 billion, as compared to R13 billion in 2007ŌĆō08. This allowed each Member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan a personal development budget of 180 million for his or her constituency,[citation needed] with the figure increasing to 250 million in 2011ŌĆō2012. However, critics argue that development funding is not a fix for deep political issues, and that MPAs have no incentive to find political solutions with the insurgents when they believe they will receive more funding as long as the insurgency continues. There have also been allegations that MPAs are exploiting the PSDP programme to arrange kickback schemes and other forms of corruption.[173]
Four coal-fired power plants will be built Gadani, creating a power corridor in Balochistan based on the Houston Energy Corridor. This was announced by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif during a visit to the region. The Gadani Power Park and it is expected to generate 5200 MW.[174][175] Some nationalist groups objected to the project, saying they had not been consulted and instead favoured expanding access to electricity in the province rather than increasing capacity.[citation needed] However, Nawaz Sharif's PMLN party is the largest party in the Provincial Assembly.
The Federal government announced it would transfer Rs4 billion subsidy to Provincial Government to be passed onto farmers in Balochistan to promote for tube-wells. The Provincial Government announced it would spend further Rs3 billion to support the Federal Programme.[164] However, high levels of corruption amongst civil servants and senior ministers may mean the common man only gets partial benefit.
In January 2011 then Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan Army, General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, announced the establishment of Education City in Sui. The military said it had built colleges in Balochistan, such as Balochistan Institute of Technical Education (BITE) and the Gwadar Institute of Technical Education (GITE) with approximately 1,673 graduates. Around 22,786 Baloch students attend military-run educational institutions.[176]
The civil war has left thousands dead ŌĆō including non-Baloch settlers and has gone on for the past nine years, but it hardly made the news in Pakistan, let alone abroad.
militant Baloch groups such as the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) and the Baloch Liberation United Front (BLUF) seeking separation or autonomy for Balochistan have targeted Punjabis and other minorities, particularly in the districts of Mastung, Kalat, Nushki, Gwadar, Khuzdar, and Quetta.
In Balochistan the wellhead price is $0.38 while it is approximately $2 in the other provinces
Pakistan's fear that a communist Afghanistan would embolden the Baloch and Pashtun Marxist separatists in the western Pakistani province of Balochistan was confirmed when Daoud began supporting Marxist Baloch and Pashtun groups in eastern Afghanistan
Afghan officials confirmed that General Raziq had housed Baluch separatist leaders in Kandahar for years.
The Baloch separatist Aslam Baloch was living in AfghanistanŌĆÖs Kandahar province since 2005
Since July 2010 over 300 battered corpses have been flung on roadsides and in remote areas across the province. Baloch activists and human-rights organisations believe these men, insurgents and activists, were victims of a "kill and dump" policy run by the Frontier Corps (FC), a paramilitary force that works with the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) spy agency. With burn marks, broken limbs, nails pulled out, and sometimes with holes drilled in their heads, the bodies are discarded, becoming food for dogs. The security forces deny any connection to the corpses. No one has been held responsible.


text: *cough* Sorry for posting this so late *cough* Got a fever and then a cold T^T *cough* Back to the blog I guess. ANYWAY. Sickness aside, last week I met with a SUPER cool person. Her name is Gabriella Salaza and she actually talks to me first. Now, it caught me off my guard completely because girls usually don't talk to me first..yea…But this isn't about me, IT'S ABOUT GABRIELLA. Now, Gabriella is a really outgoing person. She is currently studying Political Science as a Senior. Gabriella is from Bakersfield, which was pretty cool since I never even heard of it. We talked A LOT about politics. She really likes politics and I was really interested in her points of view so we talk for awhile. Gabriella does not have exactly the highest of opinion about our government. She didn't even want to be a politician, even with her Political Science degree. Apparently learning about politics made her hate our government even more. So she instead wanted to be a private investigator. Gabriella boyfriend's aunt suggested to Gabriella the job after seeing how Gabriella was so good at talking to people. I a hundred and ten percent agree with that. Gabriella was someone who you can easily just..talk to for hours about anything. Gabriella also has a German Shephard she loves very much. She really likes big dogs and not small dogs because small dogs bark too much.

subset: commoncrawl


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Outdoor adventure activites … Wii games challenges … quizzes … barbecues … visits to amusement parks … rock climbing … ice skating … designing posters … music performances … ten pin bowling … charity fundraising … and loads more …
At TACTIC, we've got something for everyone – and it's free. We're always interested in your ideas. All you've got to do is be part of it!
On this page you can see just a few of the fun events that TACTIC has organised in the last couple of years – and there's always lots more in the pipeline (click the calendar of events button below).
Apart from all these exciting and energetic activities you can also choose to visit the centre and just relax and chill out with your mates.
To get involved, just pop along to the centre in Hockliffe Street or call us on 01525 373838. Alternatively, you can email us here. (Please note you MUST be between 12 and 19 years of age and give us your full name, address and contact details).


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SlimLine Disposable Briefs by Tranquility SMALL *100 count per case
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10 bags of 10 per case =100 count


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An early entry for one of the best movies of the year is Wong Kar-wai's "2046", which I watched again this week at the Tribeca Film Festival after seeing an earlier cut at Cannes last year. The film (which will be released by Sony Classics on August 5th), is simply a stunning work of art.
"If 'In the Mood For Love' was a love story," explained star Tony Leung while introducing the film Thursday night, "Then '2046' is a story about love." In the follow-up to "In The Mood", Leung returns as a writer, who meets a young prostitute (played by Zhang Ziyi) in hotel room 2046, the same room where he had an affair with Su Lizhen (Maggie Cheung) in the previous film. Reflecting on love and loss, the writer composes a futuristic story entitled, "2046."
"I was like the writer in the film," Wong Kar-wai explained during a press conference in Cannes last year after the delayed premiere, referring to Tony Leung's character in "2046." "Like the character in the film the more I tried to get away from it, things kept reminding me…" He continued, "The film is actually a portrait of a person who is trying to get away from his past — the more you try to forget it, the more you remember it, maybe one day the past or the memory will leave you." The title marks the year 50 years after the handover of Hong Kong back to China. "How you deal with your past (is) not only about a person, it can be a city, it can be about anything," Wong summed up.
One of my favorite working filmmakers, alongside Almod
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I recently was subjected to a very aggressive call from a sales rep of a marketing automation solutions provider who denied knowledge any communications that their marketing team sent out; and during the call it was suggested that I should unsubscribe from their marketing materials if I wasn't interested. Clearly not a thought leader in marketing automation, just another tool in the shed.
This experience didn't give me any positive notions about the product capability of the pitching company, since our current (lower tier) automation solution already tells us response and engagement levels of marketing touches--that phase of customer lifecycle marketing that tells you whether or not the prospect is ready to convert from being a MQL (marketing qualified lead) to a SQL (sales qualified lead). I had a preconceived notion that a mid-tier solution provider would already have this in their service portfolio -and- be using it to its fullest potential.
Just because my job's predecessor was ready to jump ship doesn't mean that I am too. And asking to start where the previous incumbent left off in your demo process is unrealistic. As a marketer, of course I know what you do. But, as a prospective buyer of your services I have no idea what you have pitched before that would make our usage of marketing automation significantly better. We haven't even had a proper sales courtship.
Switching providers is not usually the best course for a startup; unless things have gone terribly wrong with the current solution (e.g., a massive vendor-side software bug that causes a simple email newsletter to crank out a lifetime of spam in one mass mailing causing 20% of your opt-in list to opt-out--as was the case with Silverpop). I am generally ambivalent about the tool that I use for email or marketing automation. If it does the job in enabling our sales team to qualify and convert leads into opportunities, is there any reason to switch providers? Are there quirks in the machine? Probably, but they are no worse than the quirks of mid-tier and enterprise solutions.
The call went badly enough that I have a much lower opinion of the solution provider because of my call experience; whereas before I had a high opinion of their capabilities. Now I just don't want to do business with them.


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A Choral Celebration – 27th October 2012
Date:� Saturday, 27 October 2012 – 7:30pm Location Ely Cathedral The Gallery Ely, Cambridgeshire CB7 4DL United Kingdom See map: Google Maps 'A Choral Celebration!' will take place in Ely Cathedral at 7.30 pm on Saturday 27th October 2012. Ely Choral Society will be combining with the Kempen Protestant Church Choir from Germany and the Ely Youth Choir to provide an evening of English, German and French music. We will be joined by our soprano soloist Rebecca Duckworth and additional items will include organ solos performed by Jonathan Lilley. Cost:� �20, �15, U18s �5 Contact:� Ely Cathedral Box Office Telephone:� 01353 660349 (Mon-Sat 9.30am-4pm) Email:� firstname.lastname@example.com Website:� www.tickets.elycathedral.org read more
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A Choral Celebration – 27th October 2012


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HUMILIATION / TASTE - Bullet Storm / The Blood of the Disaster Dead (BLOODBATH Records CD 2016)
I'm still relatively new into Humiliation, whose vast discography is yet to be fully discovered by me. So far I'm only familiar with few split 7"EPs and two albums, but I'm already really impressed with the music of this one of the best Asian death metal commandos. Here's one of their recent releases, which I was really lucky to grab and which is another split, this time it's a CD split with Japan based Taste.
Humiliation brings two songs of their ultra heavy and groovy old school death metal, which has that strong influence from bands such as Six Feet Under, Bolt Thrower or Obituary. I am sure that all fans of this sort of music will agree with my comparison, because it cannot be mistaken with anything else. And I'm sure that they will love this music, because Humiliation kicks ass. These Malaysians have great gift for writing memorable, killer riffs and they come with fantastic songs. I'm also glad that the production is always crushing and powerful, so I can listen to their stuff with pure pleasure. "An Absence of Peace" is especially killer song, so I'm really glad that I had a chance to hear another piece of their discography and I'm looking forward for more.
The second band is called Taste and they're Japanese. I've never heard of them before and to be honest, I'm not so much impressed with their two songs. It's quite brutal and technical sounding death metal, but not really one, which I would like a lot, especially for songs like "The Blood of the Disaster Dead", where the vocals almost annoyed me (also because they're so high in the mix), but the riffs were also nothing special. And the noisy production is definitely not helping. There's the final fragment of "Extinction Force", which I quite liked as it reminds me Immolation a bit, but other than that Taste didn't manage to satisfy my hunger for killer death metal.
Final rate: 70 / 100


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Contemporary French Artists loves painters who allow poetry to show threw in their artistic expression !
Doro.T has been teaching and practicing many painting techniques. Watercolor, Gouache, Pastel, Charcoal and so on. But Oil Painting still remains her favorite.
Poetry is what comes out at the first glance, when facing towards one of those abandoned little houses lost in the middle of a lavender field, under the sun of Provence. The emotion arises from those ancient memories, almost forgotten. It's like a little voice talking about those who were living there, long ago. It's quiet. And this kind of peacefulness is just perfect for the watcher to start dreaming, and meditating. Doro.T's Painting is anything but aggressive ! It also deals with femininity (laces for instance, are often printed on the canvas and become part of the work ). Flowers too, can be some of her models. Heart of flowers, which can be so sensual ! Whatever the subject, Doro.T paints it with her own poetic sensitivity. A very personal "eye". Like the one of a photographer. Photography, that is precisely another of her passions !


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U nknown and unnamed for centuries, the recently rediscovered musical instrument - made from wood, vine and lizard, and depicted in bas-reliefs at the Bayon - is gaining popularity under tutelage from the world's only memm master.
An aging man curls himself over his instrument, clasping a small lizard scale between his teeth. Connected to his single-string instrument by a delicate thread, the scale vibrates his head as he pulls the bow.
The quiet sound of the instrument, known as the memm by the Kreung tribe of Ratanakkiri province, was long thought to be lost. In Siem
An apsara playing the memm is depicted in a twelfth-century bas-relief at the Bayon temple, Siem Reap. The years have worn away the thread that strethches from the base of the instument to the player's mouth.
Reap for a week-long music camp, Phorn Dav and his handful of students share their knowledge with other Cambodian artists, hoping to ensure the memm survives.
The Siem Reap site has special significance; etched into the bas-relief adorning the twelfth-century Bayon temple is a crumbling image of the memm. But time has worn the lizard scale and thread off the wall. All that remains is a short stick with a single string, seemingly incapable of making a sound. The instrument baffled musicologists. How could the memm make a sound without a resonating box?
Nothing resembling it had been seen or documented in recent Cambodian history. But the musicologists were only looking at half the picture.
In 2001, a Ministry of Culture research team traveled to Ratanakkiri province to study traditional instruments. When they arrived at Ou Chum village, they discovered Phorn Dav playing an instrument they had never seen before. The team's ethno-musicologist was familiar with the mystery instrument on the Bayon temple and realized what they had just stumbled across. The instrument's secret was finally revealed. As the player draws his bow across the string, the sound travels up a second section of the thread to the lizard scale held between the player's teeth: the memm produces its sound by transforming the player's head into a resonating box.
Phorn Dav, 56, began playing the instrument when he was 10 years old. "Since I was a boy, I heard old masters playing the memm. I thought the sound was very beautiful, and I wanted to learn it," he said.
When war began to disrupt everyday life in his village in 1970, Phorn Dav was forced to give up his music. After surviving more than a decade of conflict, in 1981 Phorn Dav decided to rediscover his musical talents. "I thought traditional art needed to be revived in the village," he said. He knew of no surviving masters of the memm, so he had to draw on his memory and restore his skill by teaching himself.
As the people in his village scraped their lives back from the ravages of the Khmer Rouge, the subtle sound of the memm could once again be heard coming from a wooden-stilted house. As he plays, he feels close to his ancestors. He believes the lizard scale in his mouth acts as a receptor for his thoughts; they are intimately expressed in his music.
When Phorn Dav met the research team in 2001, he was the head of culture and fine arts for the Ou Chum district. The cultural coordinator of Amrita Performing Arts organization, Suon Bun Rith, was aware that simply finding Phorn Dav wouldn't preserve the art form, so he put him in contact with the Cambodian Master Performers Program (CMPP). A year ago, Phorn Dav was offered the opportunity to become a master, giving him a teaching salary and the chance to pass his skills on to the younger generation.
The CMPP was inspired by Cambodian-American flute player Arn Chorn-Pond. In 1995 he decided to make the journey from the United States and return to Battambang to search for his childhood music teacher. He found his teacher and several other old masters, and decided to set up the CMPP so their skills wouldn't be lost when the aging artists passed on. It is estimated nine out of ten performers died during the Khmer Rouge regime, and Arn Chorn-Pond wanted to preserve the skills of those who remained. The first three masters were enrolled in the program in 1998. Today, 19 masters teach 250 students - aged from six to 25 - in nine provinces. More and more youngsters are becoming excited about learning these ancient instruments, and take their responsibility as keepers of Khmer tradition seriously.
When the program first began, the entire board was American. As CMPP has developed, more and more Cambodians are taking up positions of responsibility; now the board is half Khmer, half American. Project coordinator Charley Todd hopes the project will eventually be run by Cambodians, with foreign support when necessary.
Phorn Dav and three of his students made the journey from Ratanakkiri to take part in the music camp organized by the CMPP, January 9 to 14. The memm players had been told by the research team their instrument was depicted in the bas-relief of the Bayon temple, but none of them had ever been there.
As the sun rose over the Bayon, Todd admitted he was possibly more excited about the memm players seeing the bas-relief than the players themselves. Phorn Dav soon proved him wrong. "I am very happy and excited, especially seeing the carving of the memm. This is exactly the same instrument people played when I was young," Phorn Dav said.
His 22-year-old student, Pak Saveun, was also enthusiastic about the experience, "I was surprised, and very happy when I saw the instrument on the temple," said Saveun.
Phorn Dav currently has 14 students - seven girls and seven boys - but he wants more. All of his students are from Ou Chum village, but he's keen to start teaching students from neighboring villages. The memm master is particularly impressed with Pak Saveun's progress. "He is among the three most outstanding students," he says. "He learns very quickly and is very talented."
Pak Saveun has known Phorn Dav all his life. Whenever he went to Phorn Dav's house, he was mesmerized by the sound of the memm. "I saw my master play it, and I liked it. I thought the sound was very beautiful."
Saveun works in the rice paddies at home, and without the memm he would never have been able to travel so far; the instrument is his passport to Cambodia. Now he has been to Siem Reap twice, and he hopes his instrument will take him even farther. "I have hope. If I can perform, I can be like my master. I hope I can earn a living from it," he says.
Memm Master Phorn Dav, from Ou Chum, Ratanakiri.
The memm players are joining 130 other young Cambodian artists to share their skills. Many students have never been to Siem Reap before, and have never seen Angkor Wat. Throughout the week the students take part in workshops, listen to other ancient instruments, watch different dance forms, and build awareness of ancient arts. The culmination of the festival is a big concert at the end of the week. Each of the nine forms of music represented at the festival has a cameo performance. Then, according to Todd, comes the most exciting feature. "The fun part is when they develop a performance piece from all nine forms of music. This is new for Cambodian music," he said.
Eleven of the 19 masters involved in the CMPP have attended the workshop. Next year, Todd is hoping to secure enough funding to allow all 250 students and 19 masters to attend the 2006 festival.
During the memm workshop, Phorn Dav is asked why the memm is so quiet. There are two reasons, he says. One, the memm is never a loud instrument because the player's head is limited in its resonance. But the second reason is the rarity of one of its key components. On an authentic memm, the string is made from a tree fiber found only in the northern jungle along the Lao border. The memm was used as a court instrument, so was made from the highest quality materials. For the Kreung people, this journey is a time-consuming and expensive adventure, so Phorn Dav settles for a simple metal string instead.
Todd heard this story and asked Phorn Dav if a journey could be made to find this tree. He said no; it would be too expensive.
"How expensive?"
Phorn Dav said it would cost $50 to mount an expedition. Todd immediately told him he could get some men together and find the tree.
The fiber has been found, but a new instrument hasn't yet been made. "In the future we will experiment with making the instrument the old way," Todd says.
The CMPP plays an important role in reviving ancient instruments, but Todd says the CMPP can't take full credit for the instruments' survival. Cambodian art forms are very hardy, he says. Wedding music would definitely have survived, but without help, other forms would have been lost. "Some of the forms, ten years from now, would have ceased to exist. But the arts in Cambodia are survivors. Many of them popped up like seeds in the desert, when the first rains come. Many of them just needed to be put in the nursery. It needed a lot of CPR ... to help after this disaster, the tsunami of Pol Pot, to help get things back to good health."


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Bonsai are by definition miniature trees, without the interference of guy these trees would develop and develop as normal. So what tends to make a Bonsai tree a bonsai? The solution is, what we do to our trees that makes them remain small. Pruning is the primary factor we do to make trees, and maintain them little. The other significant aspect is shaping, nevertheless a miniature tree is still a bonsai, formed or not. With out the shaping it may not be as nice or fascinating to appear at as we would like.
A amazing pair of scissors will make the errand of pruning the tree s very basic. The customer can buy these separately or get fantastic value by buying a established. This is sensible in reducing leaves and twigs that may damage the appear of the bonsai bonsai satış.
It will generally take about two many years for the seedlings to attain a peak of about thirty-forty mm (1-1.five ins). At this phase (during spring) they can be potted into a container stuffed with about 80-one hundred mm (three-4 ins) of compost. Keep the plant outside in a sheltered, shady environment.
When it comes to some of the flowers that you will want to have you might want to stray away from things like roses, because there will be kids hanging about the patio. Nevertheless, you can have numerous flowering shrubs close to the patio that you can incorporate into your patio style. You can always have a potted garden as well. Just make certain that you decorate with flowers that will survive or thrive on the availability of the sunlight.
Bonsai need mild too, but not immediate sunlight. Mild shade is good. Just don't attempt to play with them; they don't like being moved about too a lot! Bonsai should be stored outdoors for most of the time. In addition, you require to maintain it where awesome air can circulate, but away from continuous draughts or winds. During the chilly months, bonsai can be kept in a cold frame. Repotting should take location when the roots are too cramped in the pot; trim the smaller sized roots to allow much more room for soil and place into a slightly bigger pot.
Boxwood – There are numerous species of Boxwood you might Bonsai tree prices want to try. The Kingsville Dwarf is a great option for a beginner. It is sluggish expanding so will require some patience. It does best in partial shade and likes a fertilizer with a 10/15/10 balance.
After months of exploration, the main expedition arrived back again at the base camp only to find that it was deserted. There was a signal carved on a tree that read "DIG 3FT NW". The sign meant that they ought to dig three feet northwest from the tree to discover the provisions that were buried there.
Making a bonsai forest is generally time consuming and difficult work, especially at initial. This is because the roots will need anchoring in 1 location to be in a position to establish the forest look and to regulate them. In the finish, the tree roots will become tangled with every other and you should have a whole bonsai forest to trim and sustain.


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The Harrison County TEA Party will host a debate on Thursday, May 8, at 7 p.m. at the Extension Office. Moderator will be Doug Miller and the focus is on local elections. Candidates who have been contacted are vying for offices as family court judge, county judge executive and sheriff.
The annual Homemaker Community Day is Friday, May 9, from 9 a.m. until 2 p.m. at the Courthouse Square. There will be a variety of vendor stands, a bake sale, plant sales, and burger and steaks cooked by the Harrison County Beef Cattle Association. The alternate location will be Cynthiana Presbyterian Church in the event of inclement weather.
By Josh Shepherd, News writer
U.S. Marshals arrested a convicted sex offender who had moved from Harrison County to Berea without informing authorities.
The Cynthiana Chapter of the DAR met at the Cynthiana Health Center on April 12.
Regent Gail Kesterson called the meeting to order. The "DAR Ritual," "Pledge of Allegiance," "Americans Creed," and the "Preamble" were recited, followed by singing of the "Star Spangled Banner."
Jayne Newman introduced Chris Browning who teaches Women's History at the Maysville Community College in Cynthiana. We were privileged and enjoyed his presentation about various women during the American Revolutionary War.
Patricia Ann Adams, 65, and Charles Bronston Hanna, 65, married March 14, 2014.
Tammy Sue Simpson Woodruff, 43, and Troy David Brewer Jr., 36, married March 8, 2014.
Lisa Dawn Benson, 38, and Mark Allen Wagoner, 44, married March 15, 2014.
Destany Faith Herrington, 20, and Travis Garnett Honaker, 21, married March 18, 2014.
Jennifer Lee Dryden, 44, and Robert David Crouch, 34, married March 7, 2014.
Dulcie Louise Wiglesworth, 45, and Michael Shane Holbert, 37, married March 14, 2014.
Revival services will be held at Curry United Methodist Church May 1-5 at 7 p.m. nightly. Bro. Ray Snider will be the evangelist. Everyone welcome. Prayers for help and healing each night.
There will be a non denominational gathering for prayer for our country Thursday, May 1 at the city gym at noon. This is a National event and there will be prayer events like this all over the U.S. on that day.
* Guardian of Liberty, Aug. 29, 1818 - "Save Your Rags. Three cents per pound in cash will be given for clean linens and cotton rags at the office of the Guardian; they will be taken in pay of subscriptions at this office for job printing." (Recycling is not a new idea is it?)
The annual Oddville Alumni dinner will be held May 24 at The Vault, Main Street, across from the courthouse. Gathering will commence at 4:30 p.m. and dinner will be served at 6 p.m. Anyone who attended Oddville School or has an affection for it is invited to attend. A hot catered buffet dinner is $18 per person served by Layne Tussey of "The Vault Catering." Payments are required by May 19.
The Cedar Ridge Health Campus selected The Refuge For Women as their 2013 charity. Each year a local charity is chosen by the team.
The staff at Cedar Ridge promotes fundraisers throughout the year to raise funds as well as volunteering their time and donating vacation hours. The total funds raised this year was $8,162.
The community's participation is much appreciated in helping support the nominated charity.
In a sterling illustration of why its often best to keep things simple, Chester McCauley's acceptance speech for the 2013 Farmer of the Year award from the Cynthiana-Harrison County Chamber of Commerce consisted only of an appreciative "Thank you."
Copyright © 2019
The Cynthiana Democrat is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Cynthiana, KY and the surrounding area.


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West's beef with Tidal allegedly stems from the fact that The Life of Pablo resulted in 1.5 million new subscribers for the streaming serivce, for which 'Ye was supposed to get a bonus. His lawyers allegedly sent a letter to the company stating he is pulling out his music from the site and claiming that the company has breached the contract they have signed before.
West also reportedly wants Tidal to reimburse him for the production of music videos.
Once the best of friends, USA megastars Kanye West and Jay Z have reportedly fallen out over money.
West recently split from JAY-Z's Tidal service amid a monetary dispute. While the service does not make its performance data public on a regular basis, Tidal said previous year that it had 3 million active subscribers -a far cry from the tens of millions that regularly flock to AppleMusic and Spotify.
And now TMZ is reporting that Kanye West has left Jay-Z's Tidal music service, saying the company owes him more than $3 million.
The Louis Vuitton Don is clearly pissed over Jay-Z's diss of him on his new album 4:44.
Federal Bureau of Investigation agent indicted in LaVoy Finicum shooting
In the cab, ranchers Finicum, Shawna Cox, Ryan Bundy and 18-year-old gospel singer Victoria Sharp debated their next move. He said the Finicum family may still bring a civil lawsuit against the Oregon State Police and the federal government.
Back in December, West called out Jay-Z and his wife, Beyoncé, during a concert before wrapping up his performance early.
Both parties are now in a legal feud against each other.
Kanye and Jay-Z's friendship has deteriorated since the duo released their critically-acclaimed joint album, Watch The Throne.
Yeezy is said to allege that the 4:44 legend's streaming service owes him $3million and the father-of-two is now looking to tear up his agreement and bounce, according to TMZ. Thus, it's entirely possible JAY-Z is simply doling out some tough brotherly love to his one-time protege.
"You dropped outta school, you lost your principles".
"But this "f**k everybody" attitude ain't natural/But you ain't the same, this ain't KumbaYe (sic)/But you got hurt because you think KumbaYe/You gave him 20 million without thinking/He gave you 20 minutes on stage, f**k was he thinking?"
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text: WOW! The free narrated bus tours of historic Vanport, one of the many new exciting offerings at The Vanport Mosaic Festival 2017, are "sold out"!!! thank you all for your enthusiasm and interest. We are opening the waiting list and we hope to accommodate a few more people, but don't be disappointed!! you can still grab our newly produced map (yup! free as well!) of Vanport in 1943 superimposed over the current map, and walk on your own pace. And sign up for Gentrification is Weird: Bike Tour/Theater Forum. #RememberVanport


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May 3, 2013
First Friday Tutorial
6 comments:
- Donna Jones said...
Love your plaque, and your embossed mini book is gorgeous :-) thank you for showing my thank you card too, so glad you liked it :-)
Donna Jones
- May 3, 2013 at 11:16 PM
- Stephenie said...
Thank you for the tutorial!! Thanks for all of the ideas, your embossed metal is gorgeous!! Would never have thought to put the metal through an embossing folder!! TFS!!
- May 4, 2013 at 6:06 AM
- Michaela said...
Thank you for sharing your lovely tutorial with us. What a beautiful plaque! It certainly looks fun using metal in a way I've never even thought of. Love the effects one can achieve and the finished project must feel pretty awesome in one's hands too. Also thank you for showing us what can go wrong.
Michaela xx
- May 4, 2013 at 7:26 AM
- Ros Crawford said...
Great tutorial ... I've never seen those sheets ... Love the album!
- May 4, 2013 at 8:12 AM
- Billie A said...
I love this idea and the mini book is awesome. I love your tutorial and you did a great job explaining the technique. I have not seen these metal plates. Thanks
- May 4, 2013 at 11:18 AM
- Diane said...
What a fun tutorial..I haven't seen these yet, love the embossed mini for "Mom".....wow....another "thing" I think I "need"!!! Loved too, that you explained what ink to use...sometimes it confuses me...lol...so this explained it well!
- May 6, 2013 at 6:59 AM


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Somehow, we've come to prize people who stick to their guns. But as Longfellow wrote, "a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds." Not wanting too little a mind, I have tried to remain opening to changing my views. In hopes of encouraging you to do that, my PsychologyToday. com article today describes 11 things on which I've changed my mind.
While I've changed my mind on many issues, in that article, I describe only items related to my profession: career counseling. Not only have I done the most thinking about that, offering my current thoughts on career may be helpful to yours.
Tuesday, August 29, 2017
Career Issues I've Changed My Mind About
Labels: career advice, open-mindedness
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"Work brings its own relief;
He who most idle
has most of grief."
"Work brings its own relief;
He who most idle
has most of grief."
That looks like quite a job. Glad your Hero was one of the guys who thinks ahead. Concret rubble makes great filler and also a great base for driveways.ReplyDelete
oh, yes. that concrete rubble is perfect for this task! what a guy you have there!!! :)ReplyDelete
That sounds like some hard work!ReplyDelete
Man, that original "ramp" was a serious case of redneck engineering!
BTW---when you are finished with your hero, can I have him?
Clint I like to have him around but I will ask. BReplyDelete
I just love your 'technical term' B! You have a great way with words :D)
I also love how you hop on those machines and make them work. You've a myriad of talents.
Funny how we "let" them take charge when they are around... otherwise, we'd have it done ourselves in half the time.
(I say this because I had to free one of our chickens from a coon trap this morning -- never done it before and can't remember how I did it, but it's done.)
Lots of sweat equity goes into a farm. Maybe that's why a cold drink now and then is essential. At least you two have some hydraulic help from that cool backhoe and dump wagon for such a big, big job. My dad would have loved to have such equipment.ReplyDelete
Granny Thank you. You are right. B
Texwisgirl yes it was a great find. B
Susan yes it made more sense to me. Thanks for the encouragement in technical terms. I love driving big equipment. B
Nancy good job I think we can do anything we have to when push comes to shove. B
Leenie Yes we are very lucky it took a long time and sweat and tears to get the wonderful machinery. We appreciate them every time we use them.
I would definitely have helped your Dad do the work with the machine to save your Dad's back. It is to bad he never had it. B
that looks like a lot of work wowReplyDelete
lot's of hard work....
handy hero you have there, you guys work well together!!!
I like projects like that. At the end of the day you feel like you really did something.ReplyDelete
Always something popping up that must be tended to. Needless to say, what you planned will need to wait for another day.ReplyDelete
you are the ramp babe - thats one tough LOOONG job to do, but soo worth it!
I used broken concrete once for flagstone - it turned out pretty good - theres money to be made in a book called "101 uses for broken up concrete" lol!
The mind grows by what it feeds on. J.G. Holland
Thank you so much for your comments, they mean more to me then I could ever express. Hug B
Please do not copy my work. If you like it let me know I am sure we can work something out. Copyright is in place.


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Ed Cheung
Vice President, Corporate Affairs
Ed Cheung joined Anthem in 1996 and has held progressively senior positions in accounting and finance and has overseen the completion of every Anthem syndicated investment. Ed is currently Vice President of Corporate Affairs and is responsible for all treasury, tax and corporate projects. Ed also assists in the underwriting process on real estate acquisitions and dispositions.
Ed has worked in the Real Estate industry for 20 years. Prior to joining Anthem, Ed held a senior role in the accounting and finance group at Vecwest Properties Ltd, a Vancouver based real estate investment and syndication company. As a member of Vecwest's finance team from 1994-1996 Ed played a major role in managing over $50 Million of investor funds.
Ed is a Certified General Accountant and holds a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of British Columbia.


text: Metal conveyor belts for enameling units offered by Raj Mesh Belt are based on improved technology. Our metal conveyor belts deliver the assigned operation with no issue. These metal conveyors belts are widely chosen by a number of industries because of their functionality. Following are the technical details of metal conveyors belts for enameling unit offered by us:


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Business Change Manager
Job added: 1 July 2016
Salary : 50,000
Location : Leeds LS26 0JE
Job Type : Permanent
Company : Manheim UK
Contact : Sonia Robertson
Email : firstname.lastname@example.com
About the job...
The business change team is a core part of the Manheim Remarketing business, leading on a wide variety of projects that are directly driving business strategy. The programme contains in excess of 60 projects at any one time varying in scale from small change activity (any project under 15 days effort) to projects running over multiple years with multi-million pound budgets. The projects that the team of business change managers drive is varied from technical development activity, using Scrum techniques at the core, through supporting product development and operational change to large scale multi work stream strategic change.
Reporting to the Business Change Programme Manager, you will be assigned to the management of a variety of medium to large projects across the Manheim business. These will incorporate projects within and outside of the IT function where adhering to project deadlines is critical.
You will operate within a matrix whereby you run the project to the satisfaction of the business sponsor but conform to the standards and principles set out by your line manager within the Programme Management Office.
The main responsibilities of this role are to liaise with project stakeholders, manage resources within the project and manage the delivery of the project from initial concept through to delivery.
It is important to recognise that it is Business Change, not IT focussed.
About you...
You will be a Project Manager with proven technical experience working in an agile environment, managing scrum teams, developers and challenging stakeholders and 3rd party suppliers.
You'll have a can do attitude and are motivated by working in a fast paced business, with a strong desire to exceed expectations and deliver a great job. Supporting your development team to achieve success, you'll be happy to roll your sleeves up and do whatever is necessary to ensure targets and deadlines are met.
You have a pragmatic approach, are highly organised and work in a structured way. You can see beyond your project to the bigger picture and how your project links in and supports delivery of overall business objectives.
How To Apply
Please click HERE to apply directly with Manheim.
Apply for this job
Please complete the form below.
Your data is used to notify the employer of your interest and they may contact you about the vacancy. We will not use your data for any other purpose. Your details will be deleted from our database seven days after the vacancy closing date.


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Six britot took place in Broyansk, Russia Sunday. Rabbi Menachem Mendel Zaklos, shaliach in the city arranged for the mohel Shaya Shafit to arrive to the city despite the bad weather prevailing in Russia these days. The bris took place under the auspices of the "Bris Yosef Yitzchok" organization run by Yaron Amit. Shafir was accompanied by Rabbi Zev Wagner.
It was an interesting site to see one of the sandeks to be the son of his father who was undergoing his bris.


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Some say the eyes are the windows into the soul. If thats the case then you need to make sure those eyes look the best they can. We show you how to curl those beautiful lashes like a pro.
The Secret To Curling Your Lashes Like A Pro [VIDEO]
Got something to say? Go for it!


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Disney Junior - Live on Stage! Animation Courtyard, Disney's Hollywood Studios, Walt Disney World.
Show Length: 20 minutes This musical stage show features characters from the Disney Channel shows "Bear in the Big Blue House", "The Book of Pooh", "Stanley", and "Rolie Polie Olie". Intended mainly for younger children, most seating for the show is on the floor.
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Fun for the kids 12/2/2011 by Ser AlanKids love this stuff! Read reviews by this author
It's Not Bear in the Big Blue House 11/30/2011 by AhnaliraThe show now is a composite of several childrens' shows from the Disney channel. It's still a puppet show, and there are still lots of opportunties for the little ones to get up and dance with the show with plenty of cool special effects - like bubbles. But I will always be a Bear in the Big Blue House fan, and miss Luna's goodnight song. Maybe someday, they'll bring my favorite puppet back Read reviews by this author
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Beauty, function, energy efficiency and costs are the primary dictates for selection of blinds for your home or office. Our installers will provide you with a free estimate and consult with you to help you make the perfect selection. There are so many different options to choose from when it comes to window coverings and our team of experienced consultants can really hold your hand in this process. We specialize in listening to your specific needs and coordinating that with the perfect blind for your unique application. Recently we brought on the Hunter Douglas line due to growth in sales and need for different options that other brands do not provide.
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