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Beef bone broth is easy to make from bones and vinegar and water and has health benefits and is paleo and lends itself to any recipe that calls for homemade beef stock. Here's how to make it and advice on where to buy beef bones.
Beef bone broth. We confess we're sorta amused by the recent "bone broth" trend that makes it seem as though making beef stock from bones is something recent and revelatory. Still, we've been wooed by the spareness of this recipe's approach, which respects the bones' robust yet basic beefiness and leaves it unfettered with aromatics. If you're accustomed to embellishing your stock, er, bone broth with onion and carrots and so on, go ahead and do the same with this plain Jane version. We won't tell. If you're not accustomed to adding a splash of vinegar to your stock and wondering why bone broth recipes require it, we've been told that it believe it draws out more minerals from the marrow though we've yet to find research that supports this. Still, it boasts a classic beef stock taste, so we're not complaining…too much. Originally published October 4, 2015.–Renee Schettler Rossi
How To Make The Healthiest Beef Bone Broth
Opt for grass-fed and preferably organic beef bones. They contain high amounts of healthful compounds including CLA, ALA, Omega-3, and has strong anti-inflammatory properties and lack all the nasty hormones, antibiotics, and other cooties from conventional beef. Check your local health food store, either at the butcher counter or in the freezer section.
Beef Bone Broth
- Quick Glance
- Makes about 6 cups
Special Equipment: Stock pot, slow cooker (if following the slow cooker method), or pressure cooker (if following the pressure cooker variation)
- 5 pounds beef marrow bones (raw or cooked leftovers), rinsed and patted dry
- 5 quarts (20 cups) cold water
- 2 tablespoons cider vinegar
- 1 tablespoon salt, plus more to taste
- Two bay leaves (optional)
- Vegetables and aromatics, such as onions, carrots, celery, garlic, parsnips, mushrooms, parsley, and so on (optional)
- 1. Preheat the oven to a 400°F (204°C).
- 2. Pat the bones dry. Toss the bones in a roasting pan and slide it into the oven and leave the bones alone until they're aromatic and browned, about 30 minutes.
- 3. If using a stock pot, dump the bones, water, vinegar, salt, and bay leaves, if desired, in the pot. Cover and bring to boil. Reduce the heat to a very gentle simmer, cover partially, and cook for 12 to 24 hours, skimming any filth that floats to the surface. If necessary, add a little water to keep the bones submerged.
If using a slow cooker, dump the bones, water, vinegar, salt, and bay leaves, if desired, in the pot. Cover and bring to boil. Reduce the heat to low, cover, and cook for 24 to 48 hours, skimming any filth that floats to the surface. If necessary, add a little water to keep the bones submerged.
If using a pressure cooker, dump the bones, water, vinegar, salt, and bay leaves, if desired, in the pot. Cover and cook for 1 to 3 hours in a pressure cooker.
- 4. Strain the bone broth, discarding the solids. Taste and, if desired, add more salt. Let cool to room temperature. Skim the solidified fat on the surface of the stock prior to using. (The good folks at Genuine Food Company, a CSA in Maryland, suggested this tip for what to do with the congealed fat as the broth cools: "Rather than skimming it off and throwing it away, try mixing it with bird seed and put it in a net bag to hang from a tree in the winter or just smear it in the crotch of the tree. The birds will thank you.")
- 5. Cover the broth and refrigerate for up to 3 days or freeze it for up to 3 months. (Consider portioning the skimmed broth into 1-cup increments prior to freezing so you can thaw exactly the amount you need.)
How To Vary The Amount Of Beef Bone Broth That You Make
- If you'd rather make a different quantity than the recipe, simply use the ratio of 1 pound bones to 1 quart (4 cups) water. Add 1 teaspoon salt and 1/2 tablespoon vinegar per pound of bones.
If you make this recipe, snap a photo and hashtag it #LeitesCulinaria. We'd love to see your creations on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.


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Sneak Peek: The Bear and the Piano
By HMHyoungreaders on January 8, 2016 in Kids, Kids Book Trailers, Picture Books
One day, a bear cub finds something strange and wonderful in the forest. When he touches the keys, they make a horrible noise. Yet he is drawn back again and again. Eventually, he learns to play beautiful sounds, delighting his woodland friends. Then the bear is invited to share his sounds with new friends in the city. He longs to explore the world beyond his home, and to play bigger and better than before. But he knows that if he leaves, the other bears will be very sad . . .
The Bear and the Piano is a gorgeously illustrated debut picture book about following your dreams and appreciating the value of friendship, wherever we go. Watch the trailer below!
Available wherever books are sold on April 5, 2016.

subset: commoncrawl


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Acquisition of Artist Space—Ownership or Rental
Is This Building Right for Artists?
When identifying potential spaces, look for a building that is "easy" to convert to your artist needs. That means a building which does not need a huge amount of remedial work before renovations can begin.
The following are some quick tips to guide you if you are looking at potential buildings with no professional advice.
Layout for intended use: How well does the floor plan lay out for studios or living spaces? Deep spaces work best in buildings with high ceilings and large rooms. Does each floor have two legal means of egress and a logical path for hallways?
Sprinklers: If they are required (see a code consultant), do they work? Can they be upgraded, or will they need total replacement?
Mechanical systems: Are the heating and electrical systems adaptable for your use? Will you be able to control the heating system efficiently?
Environmental: 21-E is the legal section in Mass Law which governs environmental clean-up. Phase One 21-E test involves a visual walk through by an environmental engineer and a check of all public records for reported underground tanks or spills in the building and within a radius of the building. Most projects also require a Phase Two examination, when actual sampling and testing of a site is done. Without at least a Phase One test, it is risky to spend much, if any, money on professional design or legal services.
Structural: While you need an expert to give you the final word on any structural problems, keep an eye out for problem clues, such as sagging or bouncing floors, major masonry cracks, standing puddles on wood floors, or obvious foundation settlement.
Roof: How old is the roof? Has it been maintained or is it leaking badly? Replacing a roof membrane is typical, but replacing a rotted roof structure is much more costly and intensive.
Windows: Will they need replacement? Are there enough for your needs? Cutting new window openings is sometimes simple, sometimes complicated, and on lot-lines may be prohibited.
Freight elevators: Do they work? If the elevator is not up to code with a current use certificate (usually posted in the elevator cab), it may be expensive or impossible to upgrade.
Basement: Look for a water-level line ("ring around bathtub") as indicator of basement flooding.
Parking: Is there sufficient parking for your purposes and to meet the zoning code?
Historic districts: Within a district, the building rehab must pass various design reviews. These are important, but not necessarily inexpensive. Ask a public planning official for confirmation if the seller does not know for sure.
Zoning: It is foolish to proceed beyond a simple walk-through without knowing what uses are allowed.
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Ownership Structures
The following examples of legal ownership entities are used in the creation of artist space.
Co-operatives: In a cooperative, the real estate is owned by a corporation and the shares in the corporation are held by the building owners in proportion to how much space they occupy. Each owner also has a lease which gives undisputed legal right to occupy his/her space. Co-ops pre-dated condominiums and have some advantages:
Limited equity co-ops: 'Limited equity' refers to the mechanism used to keep a project affordable by placing a ceiling on the resale price of the studios. For example, at the 249 A street artist co-op in Boston, the resale price is limited to a 10 percent per year return on one's cash (equity) down payment and capital improvements. While this prevents early "windfalls", long-time owners find that the 10 percent allowable increase eventually brings them close to the unrestricted market. Limited equity and restrictions on resale to artists limit the choice of lenders, since many banks and mortgage companies only deal in standard debt products.
Condominiums: Condominiums differ from co-ops in that each condo owner holds a deed to the unit and obtains an individual mortgage for its purchase. This is similar to buying a single-family house. This approach means that each individual owner is responsible for mortgage payments and property taxes associated with the individual units. Generally, unit owners gather to form a condo association that elects trustees who are responsible for the management and oversight of the building and/or management company. This management includes oversight of common areas and elements of the structure. Also unit owners typically pay a 'condo fee' to maintain these public areas. Mortgages to individual owners often take the form of conventional, 30- or 15-year, variable or fixed-rate mortgages. Condo associations have somewhat uncertain legal rights to restrict sale of units to non-artists, although such restrictions do exist.
Limited Partnerships and Limited Liability Corporations (LLCs): In limited partnerships, a group owns percentage shares of the "LP". Sometimes artist/developers team with investors who put up money in exchange for the right to use the depreciation of the property as a tax shelter. This is a business form of ownership not really suited for most owner-occupied residential projects.
Because limited partnerships and their treatment by the IRS can be extremely complex, an experienced real estate attorney and accountant should be your guides through this process.
Limited liability corporations (LLCs) are a relatively recent form of ownership. LLCs are popular for one primary reason: members of an LLC are not personally liable for debts or liabilities of the company beyond the investment they made in the project. In most respects, however, LLCs and Limited Partnerships function almost identically, and serve the same purposes.
Rental properties: Rental properties are typically owned by partnerships and LLCs. Sometimes artists band together in a partnership to develop and own a studio building. Typically they rent space to themselves (the rent comes back to them) and to tenants outside the partnership. Residential rental projects are seldom developed by artists, but are sometimes built as part of larger residential or mixed use projects.
Purchasing a Property
The Letter of Intent: One of the first steps in the development process is preparation of an offer to the seller, often called a "Letter of Intent to Purchase".
At the outset, you and your group should set a maximum price you will pay. Before making an offer, you should consult with an experienced real estate lawyer to understand the implications of an offer and to develop a negotiating strategy. Price is not the only consideration - other important items to discuss early on include:
Making an offer is like a poker game: you and the seller don't know each other's hands and you don't know who is bluffing. You can increase your bargaining position by having a general understanding of the market for similar properties. Find out how long the property has been on the market. See if you can find out from the broker any other offers that were made.
If the broker comes back with a counter offer, you know there's maneuvering room. If your offer is flatly refused on the basis of price, you will need to decide whether to unilaterally offer more. Sometimes the actual cash price is less critical to the seller than his/her assessment of your ability to close the deal.
Purchase and Sale Agreements (P&S): Closely following the Letter of Intent, the P&S is a formal agreement between you and the seller on how to complete the transaction. The P&S details all important conditions which affect the sale. Is there still an environmental investigation or clean-up needed? Under what conditions will your deposit be returned? Important language governs these issues, and they will be noted in the P&S. In addition, a timeline to get ready for the purchase is set. For example:
Taking each of these steps will require that you have cash on hand. The deeper you get into the steps, the more money you have put toward things. Focus your cash on the steps that are the most crucial to project feasibility. For example, you should probably delay getting detailed architectural drawings until you have received your variance and are confident of financing. The same goes for detailed legal work. If you are planning to purchase the building from a private owner, a cash deposit will be required. Try to minimize the cash deposit amount so you can have funds on hand to cover pre-development costs.
Renting for a Group of Artists
Renting a studio space most often involves leasing a floor or portion of a floor of a commercial or industrial building. Leasing more space than you can use for your own studio might mean that you need to rent or 'sublet' the remainder of the space. Let's say you are a little more ambitious, don't want to move into an established studio building, and are thinking about renting a larger industrial or commercial space. Here are some options for renting space:
Options 1 and 2 involve the least amount of risk; however, you might not have the time to get a group together before signing the lease (option 3). In this case you should evaluate the risks and the feasibility of subletting space to others. In most cases, landlords try to get at least two signatures on a lease. The last option, 4, is definitely NOT recommended. In most cases it leads to resentment, misunderstandings, and lack of cooperation which might threaten your status as a lease holder.
Most commercial landlords prefer to lease entire floors rather than subdivide a floor and deal with multiple leases. While a floor lease might give you more space than you need or can afford, this gives you more bargaining power with a landlord.
Floor co-op agreements: The importance of written agreements cannot be emphasized enough when setting up a floor of artist studios. These agreements can prevent future problems. Without a written agreement, your tenancy could be jeopardized by personality conflicts. Your claim to your space is best protected with a written agreement that defines and makes enforceable what you have spoken about with your co-tenants and landlord.
Many artists find co-operatives to be a supportive and creative environment in which to work and develop their art. Setting up a floor co-operative, with several separate studios or in one large studio, has been a popular and successful model. Everyone has an equal say and therefore an equal stake in important decisions. A co-operative agreement binds everyone to accept equal responsibility and liability with the leasehold.
By forming a co-operative you can share not only floor space and utilities, but also equipment and materials. Co-operative purchasing can make materials less costly, and it may be only way to have access to expensive tools such as a kiln or band saw.
Every group's arrangement will be different depending on the needs of individual artists.
Subdividing Raw Space
Most artists welcome the opportunity to design their studio space and put a great deal of thought into the layout of their floor. Artists strive to subdivide their area so that there is a minimum of unusable or un-rentable space. The following points should be considered when planning the build out:
Fire Egress: Typically each studio needs unobstructed access to two means of egress.
Fire Protection System: Walls should be built so they do not interfere with sprinkler heads, and all corridors must have sprinkler systems. Consider existing sprinkler locations before you lay out the walls. Moving or adding sprinkler heads is not a trivial procedure. It is well worth your time to lay out the space with someone who knows the regulations which govern sprinkler head coverage BEFORE committing to a plan.
Wall and Door Construction: Depending on the building type and other factors, you may need more or fewer fire resistant walls and doors in any space you build out. Some buildings are based upon code interpretation which allows for wood studs, others are not and require steel studs. Some walls can be cheap and ordinary; others need to be fire rated.
Access: You should be able to easily access the freight elevator which may require wider corridors than you would otherwise care to leave.
Sound Control: Consider using fiberglass or some kind of soundproofing between the studs if necessary.
Odor and Fume Control: Best controlled at the source. Tell your subtenants what is and what isn't allowed. Put smelly or noxious uses near ventilation sources. Look into ways to directly exhaust odors, dust, and fumes.
Storage: Don't underestimate your need for storage space. The average visual artist uses 15 percent of floor space for storage; many find they need even more. Depending on the configuration of the floor, you might consider setting aside part of the common space as storage. Make sure that any storage you build does not interfere with a sprinkler.
Heat Circulation: When you subdivide a space, you need to consider how heat and fresh air will reach all the spaces. Often walls do not extend to the ceiling – but be aware that this creates a very "communal" feeling to the space.
Flammable Materials Storage: Thinners and other flammable liquids should be stored in metal cabinets designed for the purpose. Often groups of users share a single cabinet.
Building Permits and Inspections: Except for very minor alterations, everything you build requires permits and inspections. This does not need to be confusing or contentious, though it adds some expense, and requires the full knowledge and cooperation of the landlord. We recommend engaging a knowledgeable architect or code consultant to look at the space and review your plans before going to the building department.
Always ask the landlord before planning any changes to any plumbing or electrical systems.
Cities and towns, through their zoning ordinances, control the use of land. This includes: allowable uses on the site (residential, office, retail, industrial, etc.), how buildings can be situated on the property ("dimensional requirements"), parking requirements, landscape and open space requirements, and numerous other regulations. There can be layers of laws for an individual site; for example, a waterfront property might have base zoning of industrial, as well as a waterfront "zoning overlay" which permits new uses.
Besides local zoning, the state also regulates certain properties, most notably waterfront property, which generally falls under the purview of Chapter 91.
All of these laws and codes are publically available, usually through municipal web sites. It is advisable to research the zoning yourself to see if there are any restrictions on the building for residential or workspace use. Artist live/work space will sometimes be referred to specifically in the code. Calling a city official in the planning department will help you figure out how the code affects a building.
That being said, any project funded with a construction loan will need a 'zoning opinion' from the developer's lawyer which states that the project is in full compliance with local and state regulations.
Be sure that you fully understand the zoning status of a property before signing a purchase and sale agreement. If some zoning action is needed, make that a condition of the purchase and sale agreement. Buying a property before it is zoned for the use you need is very risky.
In some communities artists' studios and residences are allowed in commercial or industrial zones, where housing is not allowed by the current zoning. Municipalities can create a special zoning "overlay" to encourage artist use of underutilized downtown or industrial districts.
If the use you want is not allowed by the zoning, or if it can't be built within the dimensional or parking requirements, you may apply for a "variance" from the zoning regulations. Each locality has its own rules for how these are carried out. Obtaining a variance is a lengthy and technical process, and virtually impossible to navigate without some assistance.
If the proposed use is allowed by "special permit," it still requires a vote of a public body, typically the Planning Board.
Either type of zoning change (special permit or variance) will involve time and money and can take months (or years!) for approval. Community input is often part of the process for getting a variance. Hence, it is essential to get community support and consider all feasible requests the community may have. Proctively compromising is much more efficient than grinding your way through endless public meetings.
Next: Financing
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Charlie the Unicorn is a FilmCow series about a unicorn named Charlie who is constantly troubled by two other unnamed unicorns, colored blue & pink, who bring him on elaborate adventures in order to steal his belongings or cause him physical harm.
Main SeriesEdit
Charlie the Unicorn Edit
Two unnamed unicorns force Charlie to come with them to Candy Mountain. On the way, they pass a liopleurodon and cross a dangerous bridge. Upon getting to Candy Mountain, it is revealed to be a trap, and the other two unicorns steal Charlie's kidney.
Charlie the Unicorn 2 Edit
Charlie once again is persuaded to come with the pink and blue unicorns on an adventure. This time, they must deliver the magical amulet to the Banana King. After passing the "Z" and riding the choo-choo shoe, the trio meets the Frogrus, who sings Charlie a song, after which it is revealed that Charlie himself is the Banana King. When he gets home, however, Charlie finds out that he has been robbed.
Charlie the Unicorn 3 Edit
The blue and pink unicorns bring Charlie into the future so that they can finish the snowman. They go underwater and go past the door, where Charlie meets the Capricorn, who begins to sing to him. When Charlie finally finds the snowman, the room is filled with sleeping gas, and when Charlie wakes up, he finds that his horn has been removed and used as the nose of the snowman.
Charlie the Unicorn 4 Edit
Charlie joins the blue and pink unicorns on their journey to the moon in order to defeat the millipede before it destroy's the Cavern of the Red Wind. Upon "defeating" the millipede, the trio enters the cavern, only for Blue and Pink to reveal that they are going to blow up the moon, with Charlie still on it. Luckily, Starfish arrives just in time to save him.
Charlie the Unicorn: The Grand Finale Edit
Charlie the Unicorn: The Grand Finale is the unreleased fifth, and final, installment of the Charlie the Unicorn series. It will be 30 minutes long.
Characters Edit
Major Characters Edit
Charlie the Unicorn Edit
| It just exploded like EVERYTHING
— Charlie the Unicorn
Voiced by Jason Steele, Charlie is a grumpy unicorn who lives in the meadow. At first, he was simply annoyed by Blue and Pink, but he soon comes to realize that they are much more trouble than he initially thought, as they constantly steal things from him and try to cause him physical harm. In episode 3, Charlie theorizes that he died a long time ago and that his adventures with Blue and Pink are his eternal punishment.
Blue and Pink Edit
| - It has spoken!
- It has shown us the waaay!
— Blue and Pink
Voiced by Jason Steele, the blue and pink unicorns are two other unicorns who are constantly pestering him. Most of the things that they say and do are nonsensical, but they have stolen multiple things from him, such as his kidney, his television, and his horn. In episode 4, they try to kill Charlie by leaving him on the moon whilst they blow it up, but they fail.
Other Important Characters Edit
Starfish Edit
— Starfish
Voiced by Jason Steel, Starfish is introduced in Charlie the Unicorn 3, and he is madly in love with Charlie, more than the other ocean creatures. He goes as far as allowing Charlie to wish upon him in Charlie the Unicorn 4, which causes his skin to burn away.


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In this report, you will find detailed sales figures and trends within each major region of Los Angeles. This quarter, average home sale price for the Los Angeles market increased 7.4% over last year. Notable neighborhood increases include Malibu Beach where single family residence sales averaged $7,940,556, climbing 43 percent; El Segundo where single family residence sales averaged $1,359,426, up 30.81 percent and condos increased 43.53 percent; Manhattan Beach where condo sales averaged $1,453,750, up 35.3 percent over last year and Highland Park where single family residence sales averaged $663,972, up 11.14 percent.
For Partners Trust, this quarter was marked by colossal milestones in sales amongst our team. We closed June sales at $318,205,953, a 48% increase over last June. Combined, Q1 and Q2, closed a $1,074,215,420, a 19% increase from last year.


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In order to keep Photobucket free, we place advertisements on our website and on our mobile apps. For only $0.99 per month, you can upgrade your free account to a Plus Membership and experience Photobucket without advertisements!
Rocketman248's Library is Private.
Here are a few of Rocketman248's Public albums
Kyoto Japan 2009 (39)
MotoGP Motegi 2008 (131)
Mt Fuji 2009 (43)
Red Glare VIII (139)


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The team we've assembled at Intermark Automotive is some of the most experienced individuals in the business. As a matter of fact, we consider the greatest asset we offer a client to be the total dedication and commitment of our experienced team of art directors, graphic designers, copywriters, account managers, media buyers and planners, social media professionals, editors, audio engineers, digital media experts, and public relation specialists.
Our innovative and insightful approach to both automotive and retail advertising and marketing is based on several decades of experience, and we're proven time and time again that we understand exactly how to deliver effective results. At Intermark Automotive, we don't just acquaint ourselves with your business; we totally immerse ourselves in it. When we go to work for you, we don't simply consider ourselves your ad agency, we consider ourselves your partners.
Account Services
Digital Media and Analytics
Public Relations


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Degree attestation process at HEC irks students
Islamabad, Nov 12: Unsatisfactory arrangements at the attestation department of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) irk students who reach there from different parts of the country for attestation of their degrees.
Over 200 students daily visit the attestation department, but the HEC cannot entertain more than 150 students as only one person has been deputed to interact and deal with students due to which dozens of them go back in desperation. Female students also have to bear the brunt as no separate window has been set up for them and they have to stand in the same queue with male students.
"It would simply take four to five hours to get your degrees or documents attested as you can personally witness there is only one window for hundreds of students who are eagerly waiting for their turn," said Khurram Mirza, a graduate in Electrical Engineering, who was standing in a long queue at the attestation department of the HEC.
He took out a computer printout from his pocket and showed that when he got himself registered on HEC's website he was allotted token number and given time. But despite the fact that he reached earlier from the specified time, the relevant person dealing with students at the counter asked him to come after two hours. He said if they allotted him time and he observed complete punctuality then why they asked him to come after two hours.
"I have been waiting for last couple of hours for my turn despite the fact that I got myself registered on HEC's website and arrived on time," he said. The attestation of degrees, transcripts and diplomas awarded by the certified universities and degree-awarding institutions of Pakistan, both in public and private sector, was transferred to the HEC by the government in May 2000. Moreover, the HEC is also the sole regulatory body of higher education in the country entrusted with the job to determine the equivalence and recognition of degrees, diplomas and certificates awarded by institutions within the country and abroad.
The degrees and transcripts can also got attested by using courier service and there is no need to come personally to headquarters of the commission but most of the people avoid using this option out of the fear that they may lose their original documents in the process.
HEC's spokesperson told this scribe that an online system for attestation of degrees was initiated in February 2009, and as compared to the old system of attestation when candidates had to wait in queue for long hours, now there is an online reservation system through which a candidate may fill online attestation form anywhere anytime.
The spokesperson said candidate is provided with a fixed date and time to visit HEC's office for attestation and the token numbers, issued electronically, are displayed at each window for submission and collection of documents as well as depositing fee.
"For those who directly come to HEC without prior reservation, facility has been provided at the attestation branch for filling the application form and their documents are attested the same day," the spokesperson said.Your Comments
HEC asks varsities to appoint senior scholars as departmental heads
Islamabad: The Higher Education Commission has asked universities to appoint senior scholars of repute with good administrative experience as department heads as well as deans of faculties.
Sources said the HEC had written letters to the vice chancellors of all the public sector universities to hire only those deans or head of departments (HoDs), who are capable enough to upgrade the quality of education imparted in that particular department.
A copy of the letter, available with this scribe, states: "HEC continues to strive for quality and excellence in academics and governance in the universities and institutions of higher education in Pakistan. We can only have a sound base, if those responsible at the helm of affairs are academics of impeccable record and experience." It further states that it is important to project within the country and to the outside world that distinguished professionals with international recognition are administrating the affairs of the universities. After all, it is the leadership that takes the organisation to a higher level of performance.
The letter, which is duly signed by HEC Chairman Javaid Laghari said it was important that the persons considered for appointment to these senior positions fulfil the current requirements for appointment, as professor in the department.
The HEC Chairman confirmed that he had written letters to the vice chancellors of public sector universities, but said that it was nothing unusual in doing so. "We are supposed to do so in order to maintain the quality of education in universities," he said. He said that quality in education and research can only be enhanced when the universities have qualified academics heading departments and faculties. The news
HEC announces best university teacher award for 2009
Islamabad: Dr Zahid Mehmood, Bahria University's Associate Professor, is selected for the best university teachers' award 2009 as the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) has announced the best teacher award for the year 209. The award is conferred upon university teachers to honour their dedicated efforts to improve academic atmosphere through out the year. The award comprises a certificate and cash prize of Rs 100, 000/-. Daily times
VC's abduction
As negotiations between the abductors of Ajmal Khan, the vice-chancellor of Peshawar's Islamia College University, and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government continue, public-sector universities in the province have indefinitely closed in protest against the kidnapping. The abductors have released two videos of their victim, who was kidnapped in September, appealing to the government to secure his release. The case is similar to that of the VC of the Kohat University of Science and Technology who was in captivity for nearly eight months before being released in exchange for money and militant prisoners. As in all negotiations concerning hostages held by militants, the dilemma of those on the side of the victim, especially when the government is involved, is understandable. While the safe recovery of the victim should no doubt be the top priority, there is also considerable concern that agreeing to the abductors' demands would send a signal to others of their ilk to resort to the same crime, in effect fuelling a vicious cycle.
In fact, the incidence of kidnapping for ransom in the province has assumed serious proportions over the past few years. Apart from academicians like the two vice-chancellors, victims have also included government officials, doctors, lawyers and other high-value or well-off people including children. Even with the most stringent security measures, it would be impossible to protect each and every person in the province from abductors. This, however, is no justification for inertia or non-action. The problem must be dealt with on a priority basis. The provincial and federal government together with all concerned security and defence agencies should put their heads together to find a lasting solution to a menace which is not only causing fear among the public but is also turning out to be a major source of funding for militants and other criminal networks. Dawn
IIUI employees go on strike
Islamabad: The employees of International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) on Thursday went on strike for over six hours against maladministration of university administration for not providing its employees Eid ul Azha bonus, medical allowances and no day off for replacement of Iqbal Day (November 9).
Sources at IIUI told Daily Times that over 1,600 employees of University Staff Welfare Association (USWA) including lower and upper grade clerical staff of IIUI went on strike for over six hours and staged a protest. The clerical work in all departments of IIUI on the day was remained halted. The IIUI administration made negotiations with members of USWA but did not reached any conclusion. However, a demand of replacement of holiday of November 9 was given to the employees on November 16 ahead of Eid ul Azha.
Sources said that over 1,600 employees of IIUI were not given their salaries ahead of Eid ul Azha and they were also deprived of Eid loan current year. That is given every year in past. They also demanded Rs 10,000 loan to celebrate Eid for religious ritual of buying sacrificial animal. The protest demonstrated started from 10 am till 4:00 pm in which USWA members staged sit in infront of administration block. Daily times
Iqbal Day celebrated at AAUR
Rawalpindi: Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, (PMAS-AAUR) on Thursday marked the 133rd birth anniversary of poet and philosopher Allama Muhammad Iqbal by arranging different programmes to highlight Allama Iqbal's life with the objective to idealise him as a role model for national prosperity.
Different programmes included bilingual declamation; documentaries, quiz competition, skits and mime were held on the day and highlighted the Iqbal's life, poetry and his messages to youth. Students also presented 'Kalam-e-Iqbal' in melodious voice. PMAS-AAUR Vice Chancellor Professor Dr. Khalid Mahmood Khan was the chief guest on the occasion.
While addressing the students, he said it is imperative to understand the spirit of Iqbal's massage. "Iqbal's massage should be understood to reform the society. While eulogising Iqbal's work, he hoped that the new generation will follow him by adopting a constructive approach, acquiring knowledge, as well as excellence in science and technology." He advised the students that they should seek direction from Allama Iqbal's message and follow it to achieve goals for which the country was created.
In bilingual competition, twenty-four students participated from different departments of the university. The speakers at the contest were highly charged with emotions and critical thoughts. They generously used the fiery verses of Allama Iqbal in their speeches. The speakers also presented their views in a manner that was reflective of their impartial analysis of our national dilemma and came up with imaginative remedies.
In skits and mime competition students presented that every one of us will keep Allama Iqbal's message in mind forever and strive to shape the country into a true image of his dream.
Faculty of the Agriculture was the winner of the Allam Iqbal's Day quiz competition. Students from different faculties participated in the quiz. Literary Society of the university arranged the quiz. Essay competition in Urdu and English was also held on the same day.
FAPUASA to observe protest day
Islamabad: On the call of Federation of All Pakistan Universities Academic Staff Associations (FAPUASA), teachers of all public-sector universities are observing 'protest day' today (Friday) against failure of the authorities to recover Professor Ajmal Khan from the custody of Taliban.
FAPUASA Secretary Professor Kaleemullah Bareach, talking to this scribe said that teachers in the country do not feel secure after the kidnapping and murder of VCs at the hands of Taliban. He said that unfortunately, the government is not doing anything for release of Dr. Ajmal and the role of Higher Education Commission is also very condemnable.
He said that in a video released by Taliban, Dr. Ajmal had requested for his release and stressed that November 20 is the deadline of the final ultimatum given by his kidnappers, but it did not move the law enforcing agencies.
Young students demonstrate sportsmanship at Froebel's
Rawalpindi: The Early Years Section of Froebel's International School took a break from its scholastic routine on the Annual Sports Day celebrations held at the multi-acre Rawalpindi campus here on Thursday.
Parents and spectators met with vivid colours, vibrant music, and a display of athletic prowess, enthusiasm and school spirit. Ensuring 100 per cent participation was the key element of the day as not a single student was left out.
The ceremony started with an elaborate parade, which was followed by a solemn Quranic recitation and oath-taking ceremony to kick off distinctive races. An 'Angel Race' featured Pre-Playgroup toddlers running with white wings and shining crowns. This was followed by Playgroup's adorable 'Bunny Race.' Kindergarten students eagerly participated in a 'Cricketers Race' in complete cricketing gear.
Races were followed by a javelin throw, stepping on tails, tug of war and stepping on balloons. Four and five year old students also performed choreographed aerobics display on 'Waka Waka' by Shakira and 'Summer Jam' by Craig David. A brilliant 'Umbrella Dance' had particularly vibrant costumes and wonderfully executed dance moves.
Parents competed in a Mother's Race, where contestants wore bangles and raced, and a Father's race, where contestant's gobbled down a bowl of rice pudding before running towards the finish line. The memorable day concluded with prize distribution and happy faces.
Women's college has new student council
Rawalpindi: The Government Degree College for Women, Dhoke Hassu, organised a simple oath-taking ceremony here on Thursday in which the outgoing student council transferred its powers to the newly-elected office-bearers.
MNA Shakeel Awan was the chief guest on the occasion.
Principal Farhat Sarwar, while speaking on the occasion, said that within the limited resources, the college is managing its affairs, but this has not affected the achievements of the college, as it has given wonderful results since its inception. In co-curricular activities also, the students have performed very well and brought laurels to the college. Even the college band is amongst the best in all colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
Among many problems faced by the college, the principal highlighted the construction of a gymnasium, provision of vans for transportation and the non-availability of seats in the college.
Shakeel Awan, while speaking on the occasion, said that despite the fact that the federal government is not providing adequate funds, the Punjab government has allocated billions of rupees for the upgradation of schools and colleges all over the province through its own resources. He pledged that within a month a gymnasium would start functioning, transport problem would be solved and teachers would be provided to the college.
Director Colleges Dr. Ashraf was also present on the occasion. Later souvenirs were given to the guests by the college principal. The news


text:
The Winter Show
No, it's not about winter, or cold, or skiiing (but it could be), it's because this show is in February.
Please join the artists of Marin Society of Artists as they present works of all of styles, ideas, visions, bursts of creativity, or odes to quiet contemplation, in this unjuried exhibition.
Exhibition dates: February 8 through March 3, 2018
Reception: Friday, February 9th, 5 p.m. to 8 p.m.
No host wine bar
Marin Society of Artists
1515 3rd Street at E
San Rafael
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of this information. However, you should always call ahead to confirm dates, times, location, and other information.


text:
Agencies need to learn to share
Last spring, I attended two significant events in the building of Auckland City. The first was the Newmarket Viaduct open day, and the turnout was impressive—I was reminded of archive images of Aucklanders walking over the new Harbour Bridge in 1959. Could they have envisaged what that connection would mean for their city?
At that time, the North Shore was still largely rural. The bridge paved the way for Auckland's expansion, and provided the rationale to re-route State Highway 1, taking the motorway through the central city and severing it from its fringe suburbs. Today, the validity of this decision is moot, but the example highlights the impacts of infrastructure design on the form and development of cities.
We're entering a new era of infrastructural development for the country, and Auckland in particular. With the city tipped to reach two million inhabitants by 2050, systems put in place now will shape that growth. While progress is exciting, I'm wary that projects with such long-term effects are conducted from a singular point of view. To date, development and management of infrastructure in New Zealand has been characterised by a lack of co-ordination between agencies.
I'm not the only one to be exasperated at seeing newly-sealed footpaths torn up for maintenance to underground services. At the macro level, silo thinking has more serious consequences, because of the potential for big projects to disrupt complex, established systems. Inter-relationships between infrastructure, environment, economy, social wellbeing and land-use patterns are intricately balanced and require far greater co-operation between agencies in order to maximise their potential.
This is evident at the Victoria Park tunnel project, which will replace the State Highway 1 viaduct over Victoria Park, and required the relocation of the historic Rob Roy hotel. One sunny September morning, I watched the crew roll the old pub 40 metres up the road. It's quite an exercise moving a two-storey brick building … and one that is to be repeated shortly when the hotel is moved back to its original site. This was not part of the original programme, but the result of a campaign led by landscape architect Richard Reid.
This protest questioned the location of the tunnel entrance and provided the impetus to create a plan for the space at the junction of Victoria Street and Franklin Rd—a major through-point for pedestrians and a gateway to the Victoria Park precinct.
How could a project of this scale, located in such a busy part of the city, be approved without an understanding of the context or the integration of the tunnel entrance? Perhaps NZTA considered it the responsibility of the council?
Back in Newmarket, there are indications of change. Urban design assessments for both Auckland City and NZTA highlighted the need to develop land under the viaduct. Owned by Transit, the land is leased out short term, which guarantees ready access to the bridge but effectively neuters its development potential. As a result, Newmarket, one of the most expensive real estate locations in the country, has vacant lots and carparks under and around the existing viaduct.
Auckland City and NZTA have acknowledged the benefits of working together closely—but the development process for the viaduct has remained very linear, and we have yet to see evidence of an integrated design approach.
Infrastructural projects should be seen as opportunities, not just for the services they provide, but for their potential as sophisticated interventions that contribute to the city on multiple levels. They need a different approach, specifically inter-agency collaboration and the use of a fundamental urban design process. The question is, will we see this approach employed in the current wave of development?
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- Research article
- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
Effects of total laryngectomy on olfactory function, health-related quality of life, and communication: a 3-year follow-up study
- Birgit Risberg-Berlin1Email author,
- Anna Rydén2,
- Riitta Ylitalo Möller3 and
- Caterina Finizia4
© Risberg-Berlin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2009
- Received: 11 February 2009
- Accepted: 29 July 2009
- Published: 29 July 2009
As total laryngectomy results in loss of airflow through the nose, one of the adverse effects for a majority of patients is the reduced or complete loss of olfactory function. However, with the introduction of a new method, the Nasal Airflow-Inducing Maneuver (NAIM), an important technique is available for laryngectomized patients to regain the ability to smell. The purpose of the present study was to assess changes in olfaction, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and communication 3 years after NAIM rehabilitation.
18 patients (15 men and 3 women; mean age, 71 years) who had undergone laryngectomy and NAIM rehabilitation were followed longitudinally for 3 years. For comparison an age and gender matched control group with laryngeal cancer treated with radical radiotherapy was included. Olfactory function was assessed using the Questionnaire on Odor, Taste and Appetite and the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test. HRQL was assessed by: 1) the European Organization for Research and Treatment for cancer quality of life questionnaires; and 2) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Communication was assessed by the Swedish Self-Evaluation of Communication Experiences after Laryngeal Cancer. Descriptive statistics with 95% confidence interval were calculated according to standard procedure. Changes over time as well as tests between pairs of study patients and control patients were analyzed with the Fisher nonparametric permutation test for matched pairs.
Thirty-six months after rehabilitation 14 of 18 laryngectomized patients (78%) were smellers. There were, with one exception (sleep disturbances), no clinically or statistically significant differences between the study and the control group considering HRQL and mental distress. However, statistical differences (p < 0.001) were found between the study and the control group concerning changes in communication.
Olfactory training with NAIM should be integrated into the multidisciplinary rehabilitation program after total laryngectomy. Our study shows that patients who were successfully rehabilitated concerning olfaction and communication had an overall good HRQL and no mental distress. Moreover, the EORTC questionnaires should be complemented with more specific questionnaires when evaluating olfaction and communication in laryngectomized patients.
- Laryngeal Cancer
- Mental Distress
- Total Laryngectomy
- Olfactory Function
- Communication Experience
Laryngeal cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the upper aerodigestive tract. The clinical staging and the site of the larynx cancer will indicate different forms of treatment and consequently of rehabilitation with different impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQL) [1]. In advanced laryngeal cancer and cases of recurrence a total laryngectomy is mostly performed, resulting in a permanent disconnection of the upper and lower airways and a wide range of adverse effects. This anatomical change leads to loss of normal voice and deterioration in smell, taste and pulmonary function, with associated psychosocial problems affecting HRQL [2]. Despite the well known side effect of smell deterioration in laryngectomized patients effective rehabilitation in this area has only recently become available with the Nasal Airflow-Inducing Maneuver (NAIM), which so far has been evaluated in Holland and Sweden [2–5]. In the Swedish NAIM rehabilitation studies the sense of smell improved rapidly in 72% of the patients with anosmia or hyposmia after three NAIM rehabilitation sessions and the results persisted at 12 month follow-up [4, 5].
During the last decade HRQL assessment has become an essential part of head and neck (H&N) cancer treatment evaluation and there has been a dramatic increase recently in the number of publications on HRQL following H&N cancer. These publications reflect the importance of the patient perspective as an outcome parameter in addition to survival, recurrence or physical function, where patient self-reported questionnaires are the mainstay of HRQL evaluation [6]. The most common self-completed measures used in H&N cancer patients are the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaires, proved to be statistically valid instruments [7, 8], with a general part addressing all cancer patients (QLQ-C30) and a disease-specific H&N cancer module (QLO-H&N35). However, recent research has presented the need for adding more disease-specific questionnaires when assessing HRQL in laryngectomized patients in order to detect intervention-related changes over time in communication, respiration and smell [2, 4, 9, 10].
By using the EORTC questionnaires in combination with more disease-specific questionnaires, such as the Questionnaire on Odor, Taste and Appetite (QOTA) and the Swedish Self-Evaluation of Communication Experiences after Laryngeal Cancer (S-SECEL) we primarily wanted to assess changes in olfaction, HRQL and communication during a 3-year period in laryngectomized patients who had received olfactory rehabilitation with the NAIM during 2002–2005. An additional aim was to compare differences in olfactory function, HRQL and communication between the laryngectomized study group and an age and gender matched control group of laryngeal cancer patients with preserved larynx.
Subjects and design
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of study population and matched controls
Study population
(n = 18)
Matched controls
(n = 18)
Age, median years (range)
71 (57–83)
72 (52–82)
Last treatment mean years (range)
10.4 (5–34)
9.9 (2–31)
n (%)
n (%)
3 (17%)
3 (17%)
15 (83%)
15 (83%)
Family situation
12 (67%)
14 (78%)
Never smoked
3 (17%)
1 (6%)
Stopped smoking > 1 year
14 (77%)
15 (83%)
1 (6%)
2 (11%)
Health problems
Cardiovascular disease
1 (6%)
2 (11%)
Pulmonar disease
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
Other malignancy
3 (17%)
0 (0%)
Alaryngeal voice
10 (56%)
2 (11%)
5 (28%)
1 (5%)
Laryngeal voice
18 (100%)
For the laryngectomized patients (study group) data were collected at baseline (i.e. before NAIM rehabilitation), and at 6 and 36 months follow-up sessions after initial rehabilitation in order to register changes in olfaction, HRQL and communication. One patient was not followed-up at 6 month due to concomitant disease. The control group was only examined once. EORTC QLQ-C30 results from the study group were also compared to those of a reference group, i.e. a random sample of 234 men aged 70–79 in the Swedish population drawn from a population-based registry (SEMA) including all Swedish inhabitants born between 1918 and 1979 [11].
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Board of the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
Olfaction rehabilitation
During the primary rehabilitation period (2002–2005), speech-language pathologists (including the author B R-B) trained patients in the study group in the use of NAIM, which creates a negative pressure in the oral cavity and oropharynx to induce orthonasal airflow, thus enabling odorous substances to reach the olfactory epithelium. Patients were instructed to make an extended yawning by lowering the jaw, floor of mouth, tongue, base of the tongue, and soft palate, while the lips are closed. Three intervention sessions were performed during 6 weeks. Patients were instructed to actively use the maneuver as frequently as possible and try to integrate it into daily life after the primary rehabilitation period and repetition at the 6-month follow-up [4, 5].
The Scandinavian Odor Identification Test (SOIT)
Olfactory function was tested with the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test (SOIT) [12]. This test has age and gender related cut-off scores and categorizes the sense of smell in 3 diagnoses: normosmia, hyposmia, or anosmia. The cut-off scores used in this study for age group 55 to 74 years were ≤7 points for anosmia, 8–10 for hyposmia and 11–16 for normosmia. On the basis of performance on the SOIT, patients were categorized as smellers or non-smellers. Smellers were patients having a diagnosis of functional hyposmia or normosmia and non-smellers were patients with anosmia.
Semi-structured interview
A semi-structured interview including questions on smell and taste was conducted at each session. Calculated scale scores ranged from 0 to 100, where 0 corresponded with "very bad" and 100 with "very good". In addition, the active use of NAIM was asked for. This procedure is described in more detail in Risberg-Berlin et al 2006 [5].
Five structured self-reported questionnaires were used for olfactory assessment, HRQL and communication: 1) Questions on Odor, Taste and Appetite (QOTA); 2) The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (QLQ-C30); 3) The EORTC Quality of Life Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35); 4) The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and 5) The Swedish Self-Evaluation of Communication Experiences after Laryngeal Cancer questionnaire (S-SECEL). Completion of the questionnaires including olfactory testing took approximately 2 hours.
The Questionnaire on Odor, Taste and Appetite (QOTA)
QOTA have demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability and consists of several multiple-choice questions addressing both the pre- and post treatment situations as well as the present situation. Questions are divided into 5 scales: 1) present taste perception (8 items; score range 8–40); 2) appetite (6 items; score range 6–30); 3) present odor perception (POPS), (3 items; score range 3–15); 4) present odor perception compared with past (3 items; score range 3–15); and 5) daily feelings of hunger (9 items; score range 9–45). A low score indicates poor function or deterioration of these functions compared to pre-treatment scores. Conversely, a high score indicates good function or improvement in these functions [13].
The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35)
EORTC QLQ-C30. This 30-item questionnaire is a widely used, cancer-specific, patient-based measure designed for self-administration. The QLQ-C30 was used to assess patients' HRQL, including general physical and psychosocial functioning and symptoms [7]. To address symptoms associated specifically with head and neck cancer and its treatment we used the complementary 35-item EORTC H&N Module (QLQ-H&N35) [8]. Both questionnaires have demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity when tested in large, cross-cultural samples of cancer and H&N cancer patients. Calculated scores for C30 and H&N35 range from 0–100, with 100 indicating maximum functioning (functioning scales and global HRQL) or worst symptoms (symptom scales and items) [8]. HRQL scores were calculated according to the QLQ-C30 scoring manual [14] and a difference (Δ) of 10 points or more was regarded as clinically significant [15].
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
The HAD scale measures general distress [16]. It consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale that are summed up to separate scores on anxiety and depression. Each person is also grouped according to a clinically tested classification of psychiatric morbidity. A scale score of less than 8 is in the normal range, a score 8 to 10 indicates a possible case, and a score greater than 10 indicates a probable mood disorder. The Swedish version has been documented in several studies [9, 17].
The Swedish Self-Evaluation of Communication Experiences after Laryngeal Cancer (S-SECEL)
The original Self-Evaluation of Communication Experiences after Laryngectomy (SECEL) was developed to assess communication dysfunction in patients with laryngectomies and has demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties [18]. The Swedish version (S-SECEL) was adapted for use in patients receiving different treatments for laryngeal cancer and has proved reliable and shown both convergent and discriminant validity and satisfactory internal consistency [9, 19]. S-SECEL consists of 35 items addressing communication experiences and dysfunction in patients receiving different treatments for laryngeal cancer. Thirty-four of the items are aggregated into 3 subscales to measure general (5 items; score range 0–15), environmental (14 items; score range 0–42) and attitudinal (15 items; score range 0–45) communication experiences, as well as a total scale (score range 0–102). Each item is rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (never) to 3 (always) and scoring of subscales and a total scale is carried out by simple addition (0–102 p). A higher score indicates greater perceived communication dysfunction. Item no. 35: "Do you talk as much now as before your laryngeal cancer?" is answered by three response categories (Yes/More/Less), and is not included in the scoring system.
Statistical analysis
Descriptive statistics with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated according to standard procedure. Changes over time as well as tests between pairs of study patients and control patients were analyzed with the Fisher nonparametric permutation test for matched pairs. When estimating clinical significance in the EORTC questionnaires, changes over time within the study group and differences in mean scores between groups were assessed according to recommendations by Osoba, where a difference in HRQL scores of 10 points or more is regarded clinically significant [15]. All tests were 2-tailed and conducted at a 5% significance level. [20].
There were no significant differences between the study and the control group regarding radiation dose given (Gray) or socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (Table 1), with the exception of mode of communication.
SOIT score and categories
Score changes from pretreatment (baseline) to 36 months posttreatment in study population and control patients
Mean (95% CI) Score
Study population
(n = 18)
(n = 18)
p study/control
6 mo
36 mo
SOIT scorea
7.2 (5.1–9.2)
9.4 (7.6–11.3)
9.5 (7.7–11.3)
13.7 (13.1–14.3)
< .001
Patients' self-estimationb
Present olfaction
25.9 (11.7–40.2)
63.7 (52.3–75.2)
< .001
55.6 (42.5–68.6)
< .001
76.5 (65.5–87.4)
Present gustation
67.6 (51.2–84.0)
81.4 (69.7–93.1)
78.7 (63.7–93.7)
83.3 (76.6–90.1)
26.3 (24.3–28.4)
28.1 (25.9–30.3)
27.2 (24.7–29.7)
29.5 (28.2–30.8)
22.4 (20.7–24.1)
22.8 (21.0–24.7)
23.1 (21.5–24.6)
23.4 (22.3–24.6)
7.9 (6.0–9.8)
9.4 (8.4–10.5)
9.6 (8.2–10.9)
12.8 (11.8–13.8)
< .001
Present sense of smell compared with pretreatment
5.4 (4.3–6.6)
7.4 (5.6–9.2)
6.3 (4.9–7.8)
10.0 (9.1–10.9)
< .001
Daily feelings of hunger
32.0 (30.2–33.8)
32.1 (30.5–33.7)
32.1 (29.8–34.4)
33.6 (31.8–35.4)
At 36-month follow-up 14 of 18 patients (78%) were categorized as smellers; normosmia (n = 8) and hyposmia (n = 6), while 4 patients (22%) still were non-smellers (anosmia).
The SOIT score improvement over time within the study group was statistically significant (p = 0.029, p = 0.003 respectively).
Patients' self-estimation and QOTA
According to patients' self-estimation of smell significant improvements in olfactory function compared to baseline were seen at 6 and 36 month follow-up (p < 0.001), and for taste at 6 month follow-up (p = 0.039). A significant improvement over time was also found according to the QOTA scales "Present sense of smell", "Appetite" (6 and 36 month) and "Taste" (6 month).
Use of the NAIM
At the 36-month follow-up, 12 of 18 patients (67%) were active users of the olfactory technique and used it "automatically", i.e. on a daily basis. Of the 6 patients not using NAIM, 2 were smellers and 4 non-smellers.
Study group vs. control group
The matched controls were all smellers (normosmia n = 18) and scored significantly better than the study group according to SOIT (p < 0.001), Table 2. The QOTA scales "Present sense of smell", "Appetite" and "Present sense of smell compared to before treatment" also showed significantly better results in the controls than in the study group (p < 0.001), Table 2.
Mean values (95% CI) of EORTC QLQ-C30 scores from pretreatment (baseline) to 36 months posttreatment in study- and control patients
Mean (95% CI) Score
Scale name
Study population
(n = 18)
(n = 18)
p study/control
Norm dataa
6 mo
36 mo
Functional scales
88.9 (84.2–93.6)
89.4 (83.1–95.7)
85.9 (79.5–92.4)
91.1 (86.3–95.9)
93.5 (86.5–100.6)
85.3 (76.8–93.8)
86.1 (72.1–100.1)
90.7 (83.1–98.4)
94.9 (90.4–99.4)
90.2 (84.3–96.1)
91.2 (85.6–96.8)
92.1 (85.0–99.3)
94.4 (90.4–98.5)
97.1 (93.7–100.4)
98.2 (94.2–102.1)
92.6 (85.5–99.7)
94.4 (88.1–100.9)
90.2 (80.6–99.8)
85.2 (73.2–97.2)
90.7 (83.1–98.4)
Global QLQ
85.7 (78.9–92.4)
79.4 (69.1–89.7)
80.6 (72.2–89.0)
82.9 (76.4–89.3)
Symptom scales
9.9 (3.6–16.1)
15.0 (6.5–23.6)
14.8 (7.7–21.9)
14.8 (8.8–20.8)
Nausea and vomiting
0.9 (-1.0–2.9)
1.0 (-1.1–3.1)
1.9 (-0.8–4.5)
0.9 (-1.0–2.9)
5.6 (-0.8–11.9)
3.9 (0.2–7.7)
13.9 (3.5–24.2)
13.0 (4.2–21.8)
Symptom single items
29.6 (20.0–39.3)
33.3 (24.8–41.9)
27.8 (17.5–38.0)
24.1 (14.6–33.6)
Sleep disturbances
22.2 (5.2–39.3)
19.6 (6.0–33.2)
20.4 (6.3–34.5)
7.4 (-1.7–16.5)
Appetite loss
1.9 (-2.1–5.8)
2.0 (-2.2–6.1)
0.0 (..)
1.9 (-2.1–5.8)
5.6 (-3.0–14.1)
7.8 (-1.8–17.5)
7.4 (0.3–14.5)
7.4 (0.3–14.5)
0.0 (..)
3.9 (-1.8–9.6)
3.7 (-1.7–9.1)
5.6 (-0.8–11.9)
Financial problems
1.9 (-2.1–5.8)
0.0 (..)
0.0 (..)
0.0 (..)
When compared with the reference group, the study group scored higher on 9 of the 15 scales and single items in EORTC C30 [11]. However, these differences were not clinically significant.
Mean values (95% CI) of EORTC QLQ-H&N35 scores from pretreatment (baseline) to 36 months posttreatment in study- and control patients
Mean (95% CI) Score
Scale name
Study population
(n = 18)
(n = 18)
p study/control
6 mo
36 mo
Symptom scales
0.0 (..)
5.8 (-2.0–13.7)
6.5 (-0.4–13.4)
3.2 (-1.1–7.5)
8.8 (0.1–17.5)
4.9 (0.6–9.2)
13.9 (2.2–25.6)
8.3 (-0.7–17.3)
35.2 (21.9–48.5)
31.4 (18.9–43.8)
31.5 (17.9–45.1)
7.4 (-1.2–16.0)
13.6 (6.1–21.1)
9.2 (4.5–13.8)
14.8 (6.3–23.3)
13.6 (7.4–19.7)
Social eating
6.0 (0.7–11.3)
1.5 (-0.2–3.2)
13.9 (-0.2–28.0)
6.9 (-4.8–18.7)
Social contact
5.9 (1.7–10.2)
2.8 (-0.9–6.4)
5.2 (0.4–10.0)
3.0 (-1.9–7.8)
11.1 (3.1–19.2)
10.8 (1.2–20.3)
22.6 (7.1–38.0)
39.8 (21.8–57.8)
Symptom single items
9.3 (-4.4–23.0)
2.0 (-2.2–6.1)
9.3 (1.6–16.9)
7.4 (-1.7–16.5)
Opening mouth
1.9 (-2.1–5.8)
3.9 (-1.8–9.6)
9.3 (-3.2–21.7)
0.0 (..)
Dry mouth
11.1 (1.3–21.0)
11.8 (3.3–20.2)
16.7 (2.5–30.9)
13.0 (1.4–24.5)
Sticky saliva
14.8 (3.1–26.5)
9.8 (1.8–17.9)
22.2 (5.2–39.3)
18.5 (5.5–31.5)
16.7 (6.4–26.9)
17.7 (8.8–26.5)
16.7 (6.4–26.9)
20.4 (7.5–33.3)
Felt ill
3.7 (-4.1–11.5)
5.9 (-0.9–12.6)
3.7 (-1.7–9.1)
5.6 (-3.0–14.1)
Senses scale separated on item level
Problems with olfaction
55.6 (35.1–76.1)
43.1 (26.3–60.0)
44.4 (26.5–62.4)
13.0 (-2.2–28.2)
Problems with taste
14.8 (1.8–27.8)
19.6 (4.7–34.5)
17.7 (1.5–33.8)
1.9 (-2.1–5.8)
However, when the study group was divided into smellers and non-smellers (data not shown) a clinically significant difference was found in the following scales and items: Senses (Δ 20); Speech (Δ 10); Dry mouth (Δ 11); and Sticky saliva (Δ 36), all in favour of the smellers.
When comparing the study group with the controls both clinically and statistically significant differences were found in Senses scale (Δ 24, p = 0.002; less disturbed in the controls) and for Sexuality (Δ 17, p = 0.016; less disturbed in the study group).
At all measurement points score values were stable and low for the study group. At follow-up (36 months) the study group reported possible/probable anxiety or depression disorder in 0% and 6%, respectively. Corresponding values for the controls were 11% and 0% for possible/probable anxiety or depression.
Mean values (95% CI) for S-SECEL total and subscale scores from pretreatment (baseline) to 36 months posttreatment in study- and control patients
Mean (95% CI) Score
Scale name
Study population
(n = 18)
(n = 18)
P study/control
6 mo
36 mo
4.2 (3.0–5.5)
4.8 (3.4–6.3)
4.3 (3.2–5.5)
3.8 (2.8–4.9)
13.4 (11.0–15.9)
12.4 (9.5–15.4)
14.8 (10.7–18.9)
7.6 (4.8–10.4)
7.4 (5.2–9.6)
7.8 (4.3–11.4)
10.7 (6.8–14.7)
1.7 (0.5–2.8)
< .001
25.1 (20.2–29.9)
25.1 (19.1–31.2)
> .99
29.8 (21.7–37.9)
13.1 (9.2–16.9)
< .001
When the study group was divided into smellers and non-smellers, results from baseline, 6 and 36 month follow-up showed that non-smellers deteriorated over time according to total S-SECEL mean values (24.1; 26.7 and 35.1), whereas smellers improved (26.6; 22,6 and 21,6).
The study group as a whole reported more problems with speech and communication than the controls. Statistical significance was noted for all scales with the exception of the General subscale. The largest difference between the groups was found in the Attitudinal subscale.
The present study has a longitudinal design and is to our knowledge the first study to assess olfactory rehabilitation with NAIM and HRQL in laryngectomized patients over a period of 3 years.
Important findings in this study were the continued improvement of olfactory function after NAIM rehabilitation both according to SOIT and patients' self-estimation of smell during a 3-year period. This study confirms our previous results, i.e. the importance of follow-up and repetition of the NAIM [4] to make the technique a patient automatism with integration in daily life, resulting in positive effects for patients concerning for example food and cooking, odors in nature and personal hygiene. Six patients (2 smellers and 4 non-smellers) did not use the technique regularly. Among these patients the smellers reported good olfaction. One was an esophageal speaker and the other one had found his own smelling technique, similar to the NAIM. Reasons for the non-smellers (n = 4) not to use the NAIM was finding it too conspicuous in public, difficult to apply, bad motivation to learn or poor general health.
Contrary to what could be expected, our laryngectomized patients reported HRQL scores comparable to those of the controls, and better HRQL than reported in previous studies in laryngectomized patients [1, 17, 21]. This might be explained by several factors. The majority (83%) of the study group was successfully rehabilitated and all patients had completed their therapy concerning communication, breathing and swallowing. The time interval between laryngectomy or radiotherapy and the start of our study also allowed patients' recovery from anatomic and functional alterations independent of treatment alternative. In a study by Birkhaug et al. a positive association was reported between level of activity within the Norwegian Society of Laryngectomies and HRQL scores [21]. Eleven of our study patients (61%) were members of a patient organization, which might have influenced the HRQL. Furthermore, somewhat surprisingly, both the study and control group reported better HRQL when compared to a reference group including data from a general age-matched Swedish normal population sample [11].
In the present study only few differences were found in the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 module between the laryngectomized study group and the control group treated with radiotherapy, results also confirmed in other studies [1, 17, 22]. However, an interesting finding in the study group concerns one of the two questions in the Senses scale, "Problems with smell", that displayed a clinically significant change after NAIM rehabilitation, whereas the Senses scale (also including "Problems with taste") did not. Bindewald et al. [23] suggested that these two items should be analysed separately since the scale has previously shown low internal consistency [8, 23]. We agree with Bindewald et al. as this would be especially relevant in laryngectomized patients due to the varying meaning of the questions for these patients. Furthermore, a divided Senses scale may have increased the sensitivity to capture olfaction improvement over time in our study group. An alternative could be to use the QOTA, a questionnaire with more items on olfaction, taste and appetite that captured significant changes over time concerning important aspects for the study patients. However, this questionnaire consists of 29 questions and the amount of patient-reported questions should always be carefully considered when deciding which questionnaires to use in research studies as well as in clinical settings.
From our results it could be argued that the QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire also lacks in sensitivity regarding the Speech scale. In the study group, with alaryngeal communication, a higher score on this scale could be expected, i.e. more speech and communication problems, but instead they scored equally to the control group with laryngeal communication (mean EORTC values of 14.8 and 13.6 respectively). However, a significant difference between the study and control group clearly indicated that the laryngectomized patients perceived greater speech and communication problems. The poor sensitivity of the speech scale in the QLQ-H&N35 module are findings in line with those of several other studies, suggesting the need to use additional questionnaires to capture changes over time for specific symptoms such as communication, respiratory and smell problems, especially in laryngectomized patients [1, 9, 10].
Another communication finding was that according to the total S-SECEL score patients categorized as smellers also seemed to judge themselves as more successfully rehabilitated concerning communication then non-smellers did. It might be suggested that there is a connection between good voice production and olfactory technique in laryngectomized patients.
Neither the study, nor the control group reported any anxiety or depression, and these findings are in line with other studies with laryngeal cancer patients [9, 10]. Only one of the study patients exceeded the cut-off value for depression at 36-month follow-up which might be related to problems with swallowing (use of gastric feeding tube) and communication (pseudo whisper).
A limitation in our study is the small number of patients since this did not allow for comparisons between gender or time since start/end of treatment. As the majority of our patients were well rehabilitated (communication, breathing, swallowing and social life) and highly motivated to participate in the study the high HRQL results may be due to selection bias. However, the 11 patients in our catchment area not participating in the NAIM rehabilitation study, had better self-estimated olfaction and similar HRQL results at study start than the study group, indicating a minor risk of a selection bias [5]. An additional explanation for the different results may be coping strategies and psycho-social factors of H&N cancer patients and their adaptation to living with the disease with time [24, 25].
Our study shows that laryngectomized patients who were successfully rehabilitated concerning smell and communication had an overall good HRQL and no mental distress.
We recommend that olfactory testing and training with NAIM should be integrated into the multidisciplinary rehabilitation program after total laryngectomy.
Furthermore, our results show the use of additional validated survey instruments to the EORTC questionnaires when evaluating specific functions such as olfaction and communication in laryngectomized patients.
Additional contributions: Claes Österlind, SLP; Ulla-Britt Tengstrand, SLP; and Inger Johansson, SLP, in Västra Götaland County, Sweden, provided excellent assistance during the examination of the patients.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by the Assar Gabrielsson Foundation, Göteborg, Sweden; the Laryng Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden; the Research and Development Council (FoU), Västra Götaland County, Sweden; and the Medical Faculty of Göteborg University.
Authors' Affiliations
- Hanna E, Sherman A, Cash D, Adams D, Vural E, Fan CY, Suen JY: Quality of life for patients following total laryngectomy vs chemoradiation for laryngeal preservation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004, 130 (7): 875-879. 10.1001/archotol.130.7.875.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hilgers FJ, van Dam FS, Keyzers S, Koster MN, van As CJ, Muller MJ: Rehabilitation of olfaction after laryngectomy by means of a nasal airflow-inducing maneuver: the "polite yawning" technique. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000, 126 (6): 726-732.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hilgers FJ, Jansen HA, Van As CJ, Polak MF, Muller MJ, Van Dam FS: Long-term results of olfaction rehabilitation using the nasal airflow-inducing ("polite yawning") maneuver after total laryngectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002, 128 (6): 648-654.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Risberg-Berlin B, Moller RY, Finizia C: Effectiveness of olfactory rehabilitation with the nasal airflow-inducing maneuver after total laryngectomy: one-year follow-up study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007, 133 (7): 650-654. 10.1001/archotol.133.7.650.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Risberg-Berlin B, Ylitalo R, Finizia C: Screening and rehabilitation of olfaction after total laryngectomy in Swedish patients: results from an intervention study using the Nasal Airflow-Inducing Maneuver. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006, 132 (3): 301-306. 10.1001/archotol.132.3.301.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Rogers SN, Ahad SA, Murphy AP: A structured review and theme analysis of papers published on 'quality of life' in head and neck cancer: 2000–2005. Oral Oncol. 2007, 43 (9): 843-868. 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.02.006.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B, Bullinger M, Cull A, Duez NJ, Filiberti A, Flechtner H, Fleishman SB, de Haes JC, et al: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993, 85: 365-376. 10.1093/jnci/85.5.365.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bjordal K, Hammerlid E, Ahlner-Elmqvist M, de Graeff A, Boysen M, Evensen JF, Biorklund A, de Leeuw JR, Fayers PM, Jannert M, et al: Quality of life in head and neck cancer patients: validation of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-H&N35. J Clin Oncol. 1999, 17 (3): 1008-1019.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Johansson M, Ryden A, Finizia C: Self evaluation of communication experiences after laryngeal cancer – a longitudinal questionnaire study in patients with laryngeal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2008, 8: 80-10.1186/1471-2407-8-80.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Op de Coul BM, Ackerstaff AH, van As CJ, Hoogen van den FJ, Meeuwis CA, Manni JJ, Hilgers FJ: Quality of life assessment in laryngectomized individuals: do we need additions to standard questionnaires in specific clinical research projects?. Clin Otolaryngol. 2005, 30 (2): 169-175. 10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00932.x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Michelson H, Bolund C, Nilsson B, Brandberg Y: Health-related quality of life measured by the EORTC QLQ-C30 – reference values from a large sample of Swedish population. Acta Oncol. 2000, 39 (4): 477-484. 10.1080/028418600750013384.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Nordin S, Bramerson A, Liden E, Bende M: The Scandinavian Odor-Identification Test: development, reliability, validity and normative data. Acta Otolaryngol. 1998, 118 (2): 226-234. 10.1080/00016489850154946.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- de Jong N, Mulder I, de Graeff C, van Staveren W: Impaired sensory functioning in elders: the relation with its potential determinants and nutritional intake. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999, 54 (8): 324-331.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Fayers P, Aaronson NK, Bjordal K, Sullivan M: EORTC Quality of Study Group. EORTC Scoring Manual. 1995, Brussels, Belgium: EORTC Data CenterGoogle Scholar
- Osoba D, Rodrigues G, Myles J, Zee B, Pater J: Interpreting the significance of changes in health-related quality-of-life scores. J Clin Oncol. 1998, 16 (1): 139-144.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Zigmond AS, Snaith RP: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983, 67: 361-370. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Finizia C, Hammerlid E, Westin T, Lindstrom J: Quality of life and voice in patients with laryngeal carcinoma: a posttreatment comparison of laryngectomy (salvage surgery) versus radiotherapy. Laryngoscope. 1998, 108 (10): 1566-1573. 10.1097/00005537-199810000-00027.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Blood G: Development and Assessment of a Scale Addressing Communication Needs of Patients With Laryngectomies. AJSLP. 1993, 82-90. 2Google Scholar
- Finizia C, Bergman B, Lindstrom J: A cross-sectional validation study of Self-Evaluation of Communication Experiences after Laryngeal Cancer – a questionnaire for use in the voice rehabilitation of laryngeal cancer patients. Acta Oncol. 1999, 38 (5): 573-580. 10.1080/028418699431159.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Good P: A practical guide to resampling methods for testing hypotheses. 2000, Springer: New York, 45-52.Google Scholar
- Birkhaug EJ, Aarstad HJ, Aarstad AK, Olofsson J: Relation between mood, social support and the quality of life in patients with laryngectomies. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2002, 259 (4): 197-204.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Boscolo-Rizzo P, Maronato F, Marchiori C, Gava A, Da Mosto MC: Long-term quality of life after total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for laryngeal preservation. Laryngoscope. 2008, 118 (2): 300-306. 10.1097/MLG.0b013e31815a9ed3.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bindewald J, Oeken J, Wollbrueck D, Wulke C, Dietz A, Herrmann E, Schwarz R, Singer S: Quality of life correlates after surgery for laryngeal carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2007, 117 (10): 1770-1776. 10.1097/MLG.0b013e3180caa18c.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Manuel GM, Roth S, Keefe FJ, Brantley BA: Coping with cancer. J Human Stress. 1987, 13 (4): 149-158.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Mehanna HM, De Boer MF, Morton RP: The association of psycho-social factors and survival in head and neck cancer. Clin Otolaryngol. 2008, 33 (2): 83-89. 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2008.01666.x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6815/9/8/prepub
Pre-publication history
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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French Louis XVI-style Grand Chest of Drawers
This 1950's French Louis XVI-style chest of drawers is made from mahogany wood that has been stained in a rich black color with a lacquered finish. The facade of the chest features nine drawers in three rows with ample storage space. The facade of the drawers are adorned with gilt moulding details along the edges and brass drawer handles. Along the edge of the wooden top there is matching gilt moulding details. The carved legs feature fluted and turned wood details. The chest is stamped inside the drawers "Milling Road Furniture Division of Baker Furniture Inc.". This chest of drawers is sturdy, stylish, and ready to be used in any home or office for years to come.
Product Specifications
- Dimensions
32"H x 75"W x 20"D
- Lead Time
- 0-3 Weeks (Limited Edition)
Vintage Specifications
- Period
- Mid-20th Century
- Creator
- Baker Furniture Company
- Condition
- Great
Nearby Showrooms
About Castle Antiques & Design
Castle Antiques offers a unique collection of antiques and Mid-Century Modern treasures.
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text:
Introduction to Thomas The Tran Wiki
Click edit to replace this paragraph with a description of your TV series for your readers. Keep it short and sweet.
Welcome to the Wiki
This is a wiki, a website that anyone, including you, can edit. Go ahead, try it out! Use the buttons below to create your first episode and character pages.
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Hi my name is Stephany Diaz but call me Steph. A few things you should Know about me is that i can be shy when meeting someone i haven't met but once you get to know me i can be silly and caringVIEW MORE
what helps me learn the most is when they explain and give and example. I don't think i have my own learning style but one tip i always tell my self is " Don't give up until its over "VIEW MORE
This Year my goal is to get good grades and study and work hard. In the future the college i would like to attend to is Fullerton College.VIEW MORE
When i was little i went to mexico for the first time for my first time i went to a beach where my uncle recommended when i went to the beach my uncle told me that theirs a lion in a cage at first i didn't believe him but when i got there i saw the lion in the steel cage the lion was only sleeping i could actually fit my arm in their but once i was about to reach out my mom pulled me away.VIEW MORE


text:
In an office setting, people typically don't fear for their safety. Instead, their main focus is usually on meeting deadlines and getting along with coworkers. However, in North Carolina work environments where being injured may easily happen after one punches the clock each day, people are less apt to take their health and safety for granted. In a recent work accident, a man was injured at a manufacturing plant.
In this case, an explosion occurred at the plant. The incident happened during the early morning hours. One employee suffered burn injuries in the blast.
He was taken to the hospital. Other workers at the plant also appear to have been hurt, but their conditions were not described in a media report. The plant is working with authorities on the local, state and national levels to figure out what caused the explosion.
North Carolina workers' compensation insurance is essential because it provides benefits to workers who are injured or fall sick as a result of an incident on the job. As a result, the workers normally don't have to worry about lost wages or of not being able to go through with necessary medical treatments. The benefit of workers' compensation for employers is that it normally protects companies from being sued by workers who have been injured. Someone who has been injured due to a work accident certainly has the right to pursue the maximum benefit amount to which he or she may be entitled in this type of situation. Because of the complexity of many compensation cases, many workers elect to retain professional assistance in preparing and presenting their claims for benefits.
Source: manufacturing.net, Worker Injured In Tenn. Plant Blast, No author, Feb. 24, 2014


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Events at Six Paca Farm
Coventry Farmers Market
Come check us out at the Coventry Farmers Market, 2299 South St. on Sunday, Sept 30th from 11 AM to 2 PM when we will have an array of colors from our alpacas both in natural and hand dyed colors that will be presented in both skeins of yarn for knitting, crocheting, or weaving and also in rug bumps. You may chose from rug bumps to weave your own or from the rugs we have already woven. There will be scarves, mitts, hats, shawls, pocket books, and much more to see- all of it made from out locally grown and processed alpaca fiber. Remember alpaca is naturally hypoallergenic, and about 7X warmer than wool, plus repels dampness.


text: I have been a member here for some time and have never really posted. I used this site for more info then posting and it has done me quite well. I thank everyone for all the great info. I have been reading a lot over the last 6 months about different spitting scopes. I was considering a light wait low power spotter to use in my back pack hunts. I narrowed it down to the 12-30 luepold compact, Bushnell 15X45X60 HD and the ED50. There is a ton of info out there on these scopes so i will skip the small talk. The ED50 always seems to come out on top for the best light weight spotter. And unless im mistaken most people look at the Bushnell and the luepold on the same level. Even though the ED50 is a bit out of my range im going to sack up and try and find one. I went looking today and i found them from a couple of places for about 550 to 600 for the black. And i found the Green for 470....... I cant see any difference between the two and actually prefer the green looks. But how can it bee that much cheaper? Is there a difference i cant find?


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"We feel confident that we will be able to plan for and implement repairs, improvements and scheduled infrastructure changes over time rather than re-act as "things" happen."
Marty, Condo President
Common Elements are the building components used by and maintained by all of the owners in your small to medium sized condominium building. These items are the focus of the reserve study. Our two types of reserve studies differ in scale and scope. Those differences are outlined below.
Lot, Landscape and Hardscape:
- Fences, Garden Walls
- Paved walks, Drives, Parking Lots and Patios
- Retaining Walls
- Decks, Terraces
- Trees, Scrubs
- Surface drainage
Building Exterior:
- Exterior wall surfaces [Masonry, Tuckpointing, Siding, Stucco, Trim, etc.]
- Windows, Vents [if common*]
- Entries, Porches, Balconies [if common*]
- Soffits, Fascia
- Garages, Garage Doors
- Roof Surfaces, Roof Penetrations
- Chimneys, Dormers, Vents
- Flashings, Gutters, Roof Drains
- Hatches, Roof Top Mechanicals
Structure, Insulation, Venting, Moisture;
- Foundation, Beams, Columns
- Seepage, Basement Flooding
- Floor, Wall, Ceiling and Roof Framing
- Basement and Crawl space environments
- Insulation and Ventilation
- Appliance Vents and Chimneys
- Common Area Ventilation
- Mechanicals
- Controls
- Elevator Cab Interior
Mechanical systems and Utilities:
- Boilers
- Forced Air HVAC [if common*]
- Heating, Cooling, Ventilation [common area distribution]
- Water Heaters [if common*]
- Water Distribution [common Piping and Fixtures]
- Electrical Service Entry, Service Panels, Common Area Wiring, Outlets, Lighting and Controls
- Emergency Lighting and Signage
- Wastewater Piping [common piping]
- Ground Water and Surface Water Management and Pumps
- Natural Gas Distribution [common areas]
- Laundry Connections and Equipment [if common*]
Common Area Living Space [lobbies, halls, stairwells]:
- Wall, Floor and Ceiling Surfaces
- Interior Doors, Hardware
- Stairs, Stairwells
- Furnishings
- Mailboxes, Intercoms
- Interior Surfaces
- Garage Door Operators
- Garage Heating and Ventilation
* If maintained as a common element


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How the Body Deals With Pollens
Ideally, the body has enough digestive and metabolic enzymes (particularly the enzyme protease) to break down the protein skin of the pollen, thus neutralizing its effects. The histamine then flows to escort the neutralizing, and downsized (digested) pollens out of the body. This usually happens within a matter of minutes, and can be over within a matter of minutes, with no further irritation or "allergic response" until the next over-exposure to pollens. People who suffer with persistent spring allergy symptoms typically either have a deficiency of digestive and metabolic enzymes (especially protease) or do not produce enough histamine or don't produce histamine that is strong enough.
Digestively, something else happens to your body when you suffer from allergies. When you have an allergic reaction, your body releases an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE). Research indicates that the levels of probiotics, the good bacteria that live in your gut, can affect how much IgE your body produces, and how severe your allergy symptoms will be.
Of course understanding how all this works doesn't do much to relieve your present misery. So let's look at some natural solutions for allergy relief that you can do to support your body's natural response to pollens this spring instead of just taking an anti-histamine for relief.
Natural Solutions for Allergy Relief
1. Drink More Water
Drink half your body weight in ounces per day. Drink even more during the allergy seasons. The histamine production centers of the body are controlled by our internal water cycles.
2. Take More Enzymes
Take extra digestive enzymes (with protease) to help your body cope with all the pollen. Taking digestive enzymes throughout the day is a really good idea, either every hour or every other hour, and before going to bed. This constant inflow of "protease" and other digestive enzymes will provide the needed help when pollens are ingested.
3. Fill Up On Antioxidants
Getting extra antioxidants into your diet can help strengthen your body's defenses. That means lots of veggies and fruits as well as possibly supplementing with an antioxidant booster like this sprouts supplement, blue green algae, or green tea extract. Antioxidants will help reduce the inflammation in your body which means less of the miserable allergy symptoms.
4. Support Your Digestive System Health
Studies show that having a healthy population of acidophilus in your small intestine can reduce the amount of IgE that your body produces in response to pollen. Participants who took extra acidophilus during spring allergy season showed lower levels of IgE in blood tests.
5. Flush Out Your Nasal Cavity
You can find a neti pot at just about any drug store to use as a natural solution for washing out your nasal cavity with saline water. You pour water from the small pot into one nostril and let it flow out through the other nostril. If you can't for whatever reason use the neti pot, then try using a saline solution spray to help flush out your nose.
6. Butterbur Leaf Extract
Phytotherapy Research is one of numerous sources reporting studies showing that butterbur leaf extract can work as well as an antihistamine for allergy symptoms. Be sure to consult your healthcare provider before using an extract with butterbur as it has alkaloids that can affect the liver. These alkaloids can be extracted, so make sure the extract you get has used this removal process. An extract called Ze 339 has been reported as effective for allergy symptoms. Butterbur is related to ragweed so there have been questions raised as to its use for people with ragweed allergies, but studies have not indicated this to be a problem even for ragweed sufferers.
Don't let your allergy symptoms keep you from getting out and enjoying the warm weather and beauty of spring. Give some or all of these tips a try and take control of your allergy symptoms this spring.
If you enjoyed this post, please consider leaving a comment or subscribing to the feed to have future articles delivered to your feed reader. Also, check out the free health resources or order blue-green algae products on our website.
Image courtesy of Stuart Miles / FreeDigitalPhotos.net


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Todoist: Todo List for Organizing Work and Errands
برنامه Todoist: Todo List for Organizing Work and Errands دارای پرداخت درون برنامه ای از طریق itunes می باشد Keeping life in order shouldn't be this hard. Todoist helps you organize and prioritize your tasks and projects so you can stress less and achieve more.
Need to assign tasks to your collaborators? Or remind your better half to buy milk? Create to-do lists for each one of your life's projects and stay on top of everything you need to get done. Todoist is your life support every day, anywhere – on iPhone, iPad and Apple Watch.
"If your goal is to spend as little time as possible organizing and more time doing, Todoist offers the simplicity you're looking for." - iMore
With Todoist, you can:
· Add tasks on-the-go and manage them from any device · Organize and keep track of all your personal and professional projects · Quickly view and prioritize your tasks for the day or week to come · Assign due dates so you'll never forget to follow through · Share to-do lists with coworkers, family, and friends
Todoist is free forever with the option to upgrade to Premium or Business for even more powerful features to boost your personal productivity or collaborate with you team.
About Premium billing:
Should you choose to upgrade (totally optional), your iTunes account will be charged as soon as you confirm the purchase. The Premium subscription is billed annually.
The App Store will automatically renew your subscription after 1 year unless auto-renew is turned off at least 24 hours before the end of the current period.
You can turn off auto-renew in your Apple ID Account Settings any time after purchase.
Privacy Policy: https://todoist.com/privacy Terms of Use: https://todoist.com/terms


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March was the month for babies in my world.
My best friend Lacey had a baby boy Benjamin Keith. He graced us with his presence on March 18th. He is so adorable and my bf is such a good mommy. She is a natural!
My sister in law and brother in law in Colorado had Elijah William on March 19th. We and I mean we - Eric and I with the dogs in tote are headed to the Springs this weekend to meet the little guy! I can't wait to breath the mountain air.
My sister in law and brother had a little girl Baylee Lynn on Friday March 27th. I am head over heels in love with this little girl and it is so neat to see my bro as a daddy. I think I could hold her for hours and just watch her sleep. Unfortunately, I have to share her with others...
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