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2017 PA Research Symposium Provides Research-Based Practicality for PA Grape Growers and Winemakers
By: Denise M. Gardner
The Pennsylvania Wine Marketing and Research Board (PA WMRB) annually awards researchers and graduate students grants to explore pertinent topics to the Pennsylvania wine industry. For the 2016 – 2017 fiscal year, four projects were awarded industry-funded grants. Results from these four projects will be presented at the 2017 Symposium, co-hosted by the PA WMRB, Penn State Extension, and the Pennsylvania Winery Association (PWA).
Registration is being organized through the PWA, and can be found here:
This year's Symposium, held on Wednesday, March 29th at the Nittany Lion Inn (University Park, PA) will only run in the morning and is packed with 5 sessions of information pertinent to both the enology and viticulture fields in Pennsylvania. At the close of the Symposium a lunch will be provided for all attendees.
Guest Speaker has Enology and Tannin Focus
The WMRB Symposium key guest speaker is Dr. Catherine Peyrot des Gachons, Winemaker Consultant at Chouette Collective. Dr. Peyrot des Gachons has assisted Pennsylvania wineries with enhancing their quality production for several years. She will be speaking towards her tannin and wine aroma matrix research that she has been working on at the Viticulture and Enology Department through the University of Montpellier (France).
Tannins: Modulation of wine structure and aroma
From environmental factors on tannin biosynthesis to human interventions to modulate tannin content in wine what do we know and what can we do to modulate wine structure. Can this tannin content impact wine aroma? The presentation will focus on few main points of interest with practical applications.
Enology-Focused Presentations
An additional enology-based presentation will feature Laurel Vernarelli, a graduate student in Dr. Ryan Elias's lab within the Penn State Department of Food Science. Laurel's presentation will be an extension from Dr. Gal Kreitman's work that was presented last year on predicting reductive off-odors in wines. Laurel will explore the use of copper fining in wine production and the potential impact it may have on wine quality. Given the prevalence of reductive off-odors, including hydrogen sulfide, and heavy reliance on copper fining, this topic should be of considerable interest to most wineries.
Reconsidering copper fining in wine
This presentation will include a brief overview of copper fining, along with the impact of reductive thiols and recent findings describing the effect that copper has in wine. A method for using immobilized copper materials in place of copper fining is described. Depending on the result obtained, winemakers can make informed decisions for use of alternative fining techniques when dealing with reductive issues.
Viticulture-Focused Presentations
For those with an interest in viticulture, this year's program promises to deliver some key updates. Bryan Hed, Research Technologist for the Department of Plant Pathology, will present his annual updates regarding disease management for Pennsylvania vineyards. For those that are frequent blog followers, Bryan is a lead contributor to the important seasonal reviews. These tend to be very popular posts for growers and his presentations are always informative and practical. If you missed the 2016 seasonal reviews, you can find them here:
- Looking back at the 2016 season
- Late summer/early fall disease control, 2016
- 2016 Post-bloom disease management review
- 2016 Pre-bloom disease management review
Bryan's talk at this year's Symposium is a continued study with results collected over 2 years, which helps initiate trends and suggestions useful towards growers.
Updates on Grape Disease Management Research
Fruit zone leaf removal can be a very beneficial practice in the management of harvest season bunch rot. Bryan will start his presentation by briefly reviewing the pros and cons of different timings of this practice. In addition, leaf removal by hand is very expensive and labor intensive, and with the increasing scarcity and rising cost of hand labor, mechanization is crucial to increasing cost effectiveness and adoption of this practice, no matter what the timing. Bryan will follow up with an in depth discussion of the progress made toward mechanizing an early, pre-bloom leaf removal and comparing its effectiveness over a variety of wine grape cultivars and training systems during the past two seasons.
Maria Smith, Ph.D. candidate in Dr. Michela Centinari's lab, will discuss her research regarding early leaf removal in Gruner Veltliner vines. Maria and Dr. Centinari have previously written a blog post pertaining to leaf removal strategies for Mid-Atlantic vineyards, which could act as an excellent primer to Maria's presentation in March. Her presentation will deliver two-years (2015, 2016) of data regarding the effects of early leaf removal and cluster thinning techniques on Gruner Veltliner vines.
Vine response and management costs of early leaf removal for yield regulation in V. vinifera L. Gruner Veltliner
Early leaf removal (ELR) and cluster thinning (CT) were applied and compared for yield regulation in Grüner Veltliner over the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. Early leaf removal was performed at two different times, trace-bloom and fruit-set. We compared the effects of ELR and CT on grape quality, vine health, and economic costs to un-thinned vines.
Finally, Dr. Michela Centinari will follow up with further results regarding sprayable products to reduce frost damage in wine grape vineyards. Michela's frost research has been a prominent topic at previous Symposiums, and is often featured here on the blog site. While the updated results that will be presented at the 2017 Symposium have not yet been reported through Penn State Extension, please see some of her past blog posts pertaining to frost control and freeze damage in the vineyard:
- Understanding and Preventing Spring Frost/Freeze Damage – Spring 2016 Updates | Wine & Grapes U.
- Updates on Freeze Injury in Grapevines
- Evaluate cost-effective methods to decrease crop losses due to frost injury
- An update to studies on frost injury, by Maria Smith
Spray-on materials: can they reduce frost damage to grapevines?
Dr. Centinari will present results of studies conducted to test the efficacy of sprayable products as a low-cost frost protection strategy. Two materials Potassium-Dextrose-Lac (KDL) and a seaweed extract of Ascophyllum nodosum, were tested for their cryo-protective activity using a controlled-freezing technique on several grapevine cultivars.
We hope to see you there!
Harvesting the Knowledge Accumulated at Penn State on Grapes and Wine
By: Denise M. Gardner
Early in 2016, I was asked to create a "behind the scenes" event in late October to feature our research winemaking program and share this with alumni to introduce them to some of the things that Penn State offers in the fields of viticulture and enology. This was, by far, one of the most interesting events I have organized during my time with Penn State, and it ended up being a very rewarding experience, personally, to see the pride and talent that contributed to make the event a success.
The challenge: teach a group of adults about wine production… most of whom have probably very little knowledge about or experience in actual wine production.
As many of us know, making wine is not really the romantic ideal that is often portrayed and associated with the wine industry. We all know that we aren't overlooking our vineyards with a glass of wine in hand 24-7.
It's hard work. It's dedication. And it's farming.
When I introduced this event idea to the Extension Enology Advisory Committee – a group composed of 13 volunteers from Pennsylvania's wine industry and several representatives from various academic communities – they all jumped on the idea of showcasing the Penn State Extension Enology presence and the impact it has had on the local industry in addition to Penn State's research programs.
Starting in April 2016, I went to work on developing a short [film] script to organize and develop a small video that highlighted our research initiatives and student involvement around winemaking at Penn State. The hope was that this video would feature how students, faculty, and staff are getting involved with industry members via Penn State Extension's programs while also explaining how wine is generally produced.
With this video, I ended up interviewing two faculty members from our research team, Dr. Michela Centinari from the Dept. of Plant Sciences and Dr. Ryan Elias from the Dept. of Food Science. We collected their perspectives and opinions on various activities that they have been involved in and related it back to the growth and development associated with Penn State offering educational and research experiences in viticulture, enology, and wine marketing.
Luckily, one of the media specialists within the College of Agricultural Sciences, Jon Cofer, had a collection of footage that we had shot during wine processing days just in case we ever needed video footage for anything. As luck would have it, we did need the media footage! Jon sifted through hours of film to find the best footage, which we then tied back into the explanation on how research wines are generally processed at Penn State.
During our travels around the state, whether it was to check in on research trials or visit with industry members during Regional Winery Visits, Michela, a group of dedicated graduate students, and I collected video footage in commercial vineyards in an attempt to highlight what goes on during the growing season. And finally, I met with some recent graduates that experienced educational opportunities through Penn State and Extension, and who both work in Pennsylvania's wine industry today. I have to admit, one of the most awarding experiences in being Penn State's Extension Enologist is that I have watched several "students" graduate and find full-time job placement within our state's wine industry. It is an absolute joy to see these young adults exceed in a growing industry.
The result of this event couldn't have been better received. Instead of making wine with a group of non-winemakers, we set up three educational stations to teach about:
- wine grape properties and vineyard management by highlighting how to conduct a berry sensory analysis, explaining berry physiological differences, and teaching how to read a refractometer.
- the chemistry behind fermentation and sensory training associated with wine tasting through analytical demonstrations and "aroma guessing" with aroma standards.
- and evaluating the end result (finished wine!) of some of our best research wines and commercial winery collaborators.
The educational portion of this program was a big success. Attendees learned about native and wine grape varieties grown in Pennsylvania, and how those grapes compare to table grapes that people see in grocery stores. At the fermentation booth, participants learned how to measure Brix to determine potential alcohol and how a temperature-controlled stainless steel tank can be useful in wine production. Additionally, our graduate students put guests' nose-sniffing skills to the greatest test in seeing if they could guess various wine aromas without peaking at the answers! It was enlightening to see our students teach the importance of these skills to develop a career in the wine industry.
The Penn State research wines that are made at University Park were also a big hit. Explaining the purpose of research wines can be a slight challenge, as most of our wines are never finished. This means that in order to emphasize a vineyard or winemaking treatment, fining, stabilizing, and finishing treatments (like oak aging) are kept to an absolute minimum or completely avoided. In many cases, bottled wines will never see any oak or fining other than getting racked off of their lees.
Our primary display was on the Noiret wines, which was a project funded by the PA Wine Marketing and Research Board to determine if vineyard management treatments affected the concentration and perception of rotundone, the primary aroma compound associated with the Noiret variety that exudes a black pepper aroma. The rosé wine, also made from Noiret, was an excellent contrast to the red wines produced from the same variety. Pairing the wines with various cheeses produced by Berkey Creamery was an excellent way to also talk about wine styles produced in Pennsylvania and the importance of food and wine pairing with many of the local wines.
If you are interested in tasting many of our wine trials, please join us at the annual PA Wine Marketing and Research Board Symposium. The 2017 Symposium will be held in University Park on March 29th! (More details on this conference will be released soon!)
But what happened to that video?! If you are still interested in evaluating our winemaking program, curious about what we have been up to for the past few years, please feel free to enjoy our short 12 minute video that highlights a small portion of our efforts to work with industry and participate in viticulture and enology research. While the program is young, we have truly been fortunate to work with some pretty amazing people: commercial growers and producers that are interested in research, students developing expertise, and other academic colleagues that have been willing to collaborate with us as we build our programs.
We truly hope that you have seen or experienced some of the benefits of our programs, but if you would like to know more about what we do, please do not hesitate to contact us! Our email addresses are readily available and we also try to document our regular activities on Facebook. We honestly couldn't do it without the support of people like YOU!
Enjoy the video! We think it is fairly entertaining, a lot of work went into it, and it showcases a small fraction of the things we are trying to do at Penn State to help progress and educate the local wine industry:
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Tasting Chambourcin: Part I
By: Denise M. Gardner
Note: Sensory descriptions of wines produced by the grape variety, Chambourcin, are based on individual observations, tastings, and a collection of notes obtained through various Chambourcin tastings including many different individuals.
At the Central Pennsylvania regional winery meeting held at Brookmere Winery, attendees and I had the opportunity to taste through a series of Pennsylvania-grown and produced Chambourcin wines. This was actually one of the first all-Chambourcin wine flights that I have been able to taste, and I was quite encouraged by what I was tasting in the glass. Paula Vigna, writer for The Wine Classroom via Penn Live, has since written an article on the tasting titled, "Chambourcin's ceiling: Maybe higher than originally thought."
Chambourcin: A Description
Chambourcin is a French-American hybrid wine grape variety that was bred by crossing Seyve-Villard 12-417 (Seibel 6468 x Subéreux) with Chancellor*, commercialized in 1963 (Robinson et al. 2012). Despite Chambourcin's vigor and relative tolerance to disease pressure in humid climates, anecdotally the wine does often appear preferred by many Vitis vinifera winemakers.
As a wine, Chambourcin's strength is its vibrant red color and supple, soft mouthfeel due it is relatively lack of course tannin on the palate. These features often make it a valuable red wine blending possibility, especially considering the relative consistency of obtaining Chambourcin fruit every vintage. However, the smoothness of the wine often is a frustration by many eastern winemakers looking for more depth and [tannin-related] mouthfeel in their red wines. When coupled with Chambourcin's notorious ability to retain acidity, often above 7 g/L of tartaric acid (depending on where and how it is grown), the lack of perceived tannin can make the wine taste relatively thin and acidic.
The acidity associated with the Chambourcin grape variety often appears retained when grown in cooler climates. For example, in Pennsylvania, Chambourcin produced in North East, PA (Erie County) often has relatively higher TAs compared to Chambourcin grown in southeastern, PA (e.g., Berks County). From a grape growing perspective, all winemakers should expect this phenomenon. However, Chambourcin can retain a higher acidity even when grown in the warmer southern parts of Pennsylvania. Based on observation, the variety seems to maintain its acidity when it is not thoroughly crop thinned. As Chambourcin is an incredibly vigorous variety, and as you will see from the tasting, producers hoping to drop the acidity often crop thin grape clusters while on the vine.
When looking at the tannic composition of Chambourcin, it is likely that much of the tannin content associated with Chambourcin is lost during primary fermentation. Dr. Gavin Sacks at Cornell University is studying this situation associated with many hybrid wine fermentations. As Dr. Sacks discussed at the 2016 Pennsylvania Wine Marketing & Research Board (PA WMRB) Symposium in March, tannins come from 3 different components of the grape: the stems, the skin, and the grape seeds. During the fermentation process, anthocyanins (red pigments) and skin tannin is extracted quickly, usually before the product starts to ferment. Seed tannin is extracted more slowly, typically throughout primary fermentation and extended maceration processes. Dr. Sacks' lab (Springer and Sacks, 2014) and previous research (Harbertson et al. 2008) have shown, grapes produced outside of the western U.S. generally have lower concentrations of tannin available in the grape. While available tannin in the grapes does not necessarily correlate with tannin concentrations in the finished wine, many eastern U.S. winemakers will add exogenous tannin pre-fermentation, during fermentation, and/or post-fermentation to help improve mouthfeel and potentially increase substrate availability for color stability reactions. However, even with exogenous tannin additions, Dr. Sacks has found that many of the tannins associated with hybrid fermentations end up lost during the fermentation process due to protein-tannin binding complexes that pull tannins out of the wine. The higher protein concentration associated with the hybrid grapes has been linked to disease resistance mechanisms that the varieties were originally bred for, and is more thoroughly explained in Dr. Anna Katharine Mansfield's recent Wines & Vines article, "A Few Truths About Phenolics."
Additionally, Chambourcin has been noted to have a relatively neutral red wine flavor, lacking a concentrated pop of fruit and using non-descript aromatic or flavor descriptors like: red cherries, red fruit, red berries, stemmy, herbal, or even millipedes. And yes, I have heard one or two consumers actually reference a millipede aroma when tasting Chambourcin.
Tasting Chambourcin Produced in PA
The official flight (Figure 1) of Chambourcin wines that I had put together included:
- Galen Glen Winery 2014 Stone Cellar Chambourcin
- Penns Woods Winery 2014 Chambourcin Reserve
- Vynecrest Winery 2014 Chambourcin
- Pinnacle Ridge Winery 2013 Chambourcin Researve
- Allegro Winery 2012 Chambourcin
Additionally, Brookmere Winery, Armstrong Valley Winery, and Caret Cellars (Virginia) added Chambourcin wines to taste. The formal wine tasting turned out to be quite a unique experience.
I saw a few over-arching sensory themes within these wines:
- Reduced acidity: While I did not personally measure the pH and TA for these wines, the perception of acidity was not as obvious, overly perceptible, or offensive.
- Soft, supple mouthfeel: Even with a couple of the wines that were perceived as "more tannic," these wines were soft and easy-drinking.
- Use of oak barrels: Many of the producers were opting for some production in actual oak barrels as opposed to using oak alternatives. Type of oak ranged from French, American, and Hungarian.
- Higher alcohols: Alcohol concentrations for these wines ranged from 13-14%, likely due to extended hang time in the vineyard, allowing for an increase in sugar accumulation.
- Two emerging aromatic profiles: A couple of the wines were very fruit-forward and fruitier than what is normally expected from Chambourcin. The other wines were less fruit-forward, however, they did retain a fair amount of red fruit aromatics in addition to the complex aroma nuances: earthiness, tobacco, toasted oak, vanilla, and tobacco. Many tasters commented on the general concentration of aromatic nuance associated with many of the wines we tasted.
In general, the relative depth, cleanness, and fruit expression of these wines was impressive. Perhaps this tasting clearly indicated that although many winemakers struggle with finding the "right fit" or style for their Chambourcin, the level of quality associated with the wine has definitely improved within the last 5 years. At the very least, the level of quality associated with this flight of wines was encouraging for hybrid red wine producers.
Additionally, Brookmere Winery provided a real treat from their cellar library: a 1998 Chambourcin produced by Brookmere Winery (Figure 2) when Don Chapman owned the winery. If you appreciate older wines, then this Chambourcin would truly impress you. Not only did it express the "old wine" honey-floral character loved by many wine enthusiasts, but the red fruit aromas and flavors were still boldly expressed in the wine. The color was intense and dynamically red, and there was a fine perception of firm tannins on the palate. Overall, the tasting of this wine gave me the perception that not only did this wine still have plenty of room to continue aging in the cellar, but that Chambourcin, as a wine varietal, had positive potential for aging for more than 10 years.
Given that most of this post is based on my own experiences, perceptions, and information gathered from growers and producers pertaining to Chambourcin, I would welcome any additional experiences with the variety (as a grape or as a wine) in the comments section.
While this post has documented Chambourcin as a grape variety and a small snap shot of sensory perceptions from a handful of producers in Pennsylvania, next week's post will focus on production techniques to improve the quality Chambourcin red wines.
For more information on upcoming regional meetings and the types of tastings to be held at those FREE events, please visit: http://extension.psu.edu/food/enology/events
- Northwestern PA (Erie County) – Individual Site Visits
- Southwestern PA (La Casa Narcisi Winery) – Talk on High Potassium Winemaking
- Southeastern PA (Vineyard at Grandview) on Thursday, July 28th – Berry Sensory Training hosted by Lallemand, with international wine consultant Dominique Deltei (Must register with Denise (firstname.lastname@example.com) as space is limited to 15 people.)
Harbertson, J.F., R.E. Hodgins, L.N. Thurston, L.J. Schaffer, M.S. Reid, J.L. Landon, C.F. Ross, and D.O. Adams. 2008. Variability of tannin concentration in red wines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 59:210-214.
Mansfield, A.K. January 2015. A few truths about phenolics. Wines & Vines.
Robinson, J., J. Harding, and J. Vouillamoz. 2012. "Chambourcin." pg. 218-219. Wine Grapes. ISBN: 978-0-06-220636-7
Springer, L.F. and G.L. Sacks. 2014. Protein-precipitable tannin in wines from Vitis vinifera and interspecific hybrid grapes (Vitis ssp.): differences in concentration, extractability, and cell wall binding. J. Agric. Food Chem. 62(30):7515-7523.
*Authors Note: Since the publication of this article, a few growers and grape breeders have alluded to the improperly reported parentage of Chambourcin. While it is generally reported and cited as such, it is understood among some wine grape experts that Chancellor is not likely a parent to Chambourcin. For more information on determining parentage of given grape cultivars, please refer to: http://www.vivc.de and search the cultivar name of interest.
Regional Winery Meetings Scheduled for Pennsylvania Wineries in Summer 2016
By: Denise M. Gardner
Each calendar year, Penn State Extension works with the state wine industry to schedule "regional" meetings with local producers.
Regional meetings are kindly and financially supported by the PA Wine Marketing and Research (WMRB) Board and Pennsylvania Winery Association (PWA), as part of the annual operating expenses that are granted to the Penn State Extension Enology position each fiscal year. The financial support is, in part, contributed by each Pennsylvania winery in the annual assessment on the gallons of wine produced across the state, which are submitted to the PA WMRB. It is this funding mechanism that makes these visitations possible on an annual basis, and all Pennsylvania wineries are encouraged to attend.
These regional visitations by the Extension Enologist were designed to be convenient for local industry members in terms of location. While industry members, or perspective industry members are welcome to attend any of the meetings, the purpose of these meetings is for me to get out into various parts of the state while making traveling a bit more convenient for industry members.
Regional meetings are free for industry members or prospective members to attend.
All regional meetings are hosted at a local winery, and meeting locations are listed below and on the Penn State Extension Enology website.
Each region organizes their regional visits differently, and they are designed to be beneficial for that region of industry members.
Regional meetings all have a unique structure. Many are only a few hours long, offer a production tour of a local winery, and many include a tasting. In the past, regional meetings have included anything from question and answer sessions on a production tour:
To tasting bench trials created by some of the local wineries:
To hosting benchmark tastings on specific wine varieties:
To holding a short educational program on a topic of specific interest to that region.
Additionally, these visitations by the Extension Enologist offer several benefits to the local industry, including:
- meet with existing producers to discuss potential problems or challenges within the winery,
- visit with potentially new or new producers within the wine community,
- introduce new producers to existing operations to enhance networking and collaboration across the state,
- answer questions pertaining to wine production and quality, and
- review Penn State research updates pertinent to the wine community.
The tentative agendas for each regional meeting, in addition to their scheduled date, for 2016 are listed below.
- Central PA: Thursday, June 16th, hosted at Brookmere Winery
The program at Brookmere will include a production tour with a question and answer period by all attendees. Additionally, Denise will conduct an educational tasting on local Chambourcin wines produced across Pennsylvania. This was created by request from the regional producers in order to get a better idea of how Chambourcin tastes throughout the state.
- Northwestern PA (Erie County): Wednesday, August 3rd – To schedule a winery visit by Denise, please contact Andy Muza to get on the schedule.
This regional visit will follow the day after the "Stabilize Your Wine – Filtration, SO2, and Potassium Sorbate" workshop hosted by Cornell and Penn State Extension at the CLEREL Station in Portland, NY. This workshop requires pre-registration (see the attached link), and anyone is welcome to attend with paid registration.
On August 3rd, Denise will visit individual wineries to discuss winery-specific problems or to keep Denise current on what is happening in the winery. To schedule an appointment with Denise, please contact Andy Muza in the Erie County Extension Office.
- Southwestern PA: Thursday, August 4th, hosted at La Casa Narcisi Winery
The southwestern regional meeting will be held at La Casa Narcisi Winery and include a production tour. Denise will host a small educational session on high potassium winemaking with a tasting of the high potassium wines (i.e., Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon) that were produced by Penn State during the 2015 harvest. Wineries are welcome to bring their own wines for feedback and welcome to stay through lunch, which can be purchased at the restaurant on site at La Casa Narcisi.
- Northeastern PA: Date and location TBD, but please reserve August 30th or 31st on your calendars
Currently, the date and final agenda for the northeastern part of the state is being discussed. But, please continue to check the "PSU Extension V&E News" listserv and Extension Enology website for updates.
More information, and updates, on each regional visit can be found at: http://extension.psu.edu/food/enology/events. Pre-registration is NOT required for anyone to attend regional meetings.
While there is not a Southeastern PA regional meeting currently scheduled, there are several events hosted in the southeastern section of PA that are conveniently located for those regional wineries. Wine Trails in the southeastern quadrant of PA are encouraged to contact Denise for specific visitations.
The most current workshop on the calendar includes the Sensory Defects for Fermented Beverages and Distilled Spirits workshop, held on June 9th, which will be hosted in Collegeville, PA (Montgomery County). Registration for this workshop is required, and details for the program can be found at the above link.
As is the past, the Penn State Extension Enologist acts as a resource for Pennsylvania wineries when production problems or questions arise. You can find contact information In addition to the list of educational programming designed for the local industry, Penn State Extension is filled with:
- Online resources via Penn State Extension's website
- The "Wine & Grapes U." blog site, which includes a yearlong calendar of local/regional/national events and local sales and job opportunities.
- Annual workshops including the Wine Quality Improvement (WQI) Short Course held every January, the upcoming Sensory Defects for Fermented Beverages and Distilled Spirits workshop, the PA Wine Marketing & Research Board Symposium, and many additional workshops that cover a multitude of topics. Previous workshop topics covered: micrbiological techniques for wine production, the use of sulfur dioxide in the winery, pre-harvest preparation, benchmark wine tastings, blending, and more!
- Wine Made Easy Fact Sheets, which can now be found on the Extension website! These are quick print outs designed to help winemakers in the winery. Visit the link for all of the topics currently published.
- The weekly "Penn State Extension V&E News" listserv, distributed every Friday to keep industry members current on research, real-time issues in the vineyard and winery, and upcoming events pertinent to this industry.
Reflections: Winemaking at Penn State
By: Denise M. Gardner
I can officially say that I have now been involved with 5 harvests here at Penn State, with my first harvest in 2011. Returning to Pennsylvania from California in 2011 could not have been a greater challenge to an incoming newbie, and I think it will forever be one of the most difficult vintages I have had the experience to deal with to date. Not only did I manage to lose an entire lot of finished wine down the drain (long story…), but I recognized the need to bring PA-produced research wines to Pennsylvania's growing wine industry during a daunting season from a weather perspective. Additionally, I saw an opportunity to educate students on how to make wine while they helped me process fruit from the research vineyards. In that first year, 5 lucky college seniors helped me process about 8 different varieties from the NE-1020 "multi-state evaluation of wine grape cultivars and clones" project, which was being financially supported by a multi-state SCRI grant.
Looking back today, I now see that the 2011 vintage provided me with a starting point to work with students and a series of winemaking lessons for future vintages that I continue to recall even today.
I was actually one of those bright-eyed students back in my younger days. I stumbled upon Penn State Extension and Mark Chien by pestering local Extension educators on how to grow grapevines. I still recall the many opportunities Mark, specifically, provided for me despite my age or lack of wine knowledge. Mark taught me how to plant a vineyard, from site selection to digging holes for a trellis, how to monitor vine growth through proper pruning techniques, how to ferment grapes into wine, and the various stages involved in production that went beyond the basic texts on how to make wine. I connected with industry members and was awarded an experience to intern at Lallemand in Toulouse, France before I reached my freshman year in college.
When I arrived to Penn State in 2011, I had a memory of the opportunities Extension awarded me and a goal of working with students that may have an interest in wine production. I still laugh when I recall a number of students that experienced a harvest at a local winery, only to tell me it was "the hardest thing they have ever had to do."
While many may not make the connection, food science offers an incredible foundation of knowledge that is beneficial for winemakers and those whom wish to go into fermented beverage production. Students engage in a series of classes to develop a foundation in chemistry, microbiology, and biotechnology. Additionally, they learn important processing parameters that are affiliated with winemaking: sanitation, quality control practices, safety when processing, proper sampling techniques, and experimental practices to improve food/beverage products.
For that reason, the annual harvest and production of wine with use of undergraduate and graduate students' support has blossomed into many positive ventures:
- Since 2010, Penn State Food Science and several Pennsylvania wineries have sponsored student co-ops at wineries during vintage seasons. These experiences educate students in wine production, and specifically provided venues for "real world" experiences in the wine industry.
- Undergraduate students have embarked on undergraduate research experiences pertaining to wine research within the College of Agricultural Sciences. Several of these projects have benefited the local wine industry.
- Graduates from Food Science have started to "harvest hop" to the southern hemisphere for winemaking and production experiences internationally. Virginia (Smith) Mitchell, head winemaker at Galer Estate Winery, traveled to Australia in the winter months of 2013 while Allie Miller will travel to New Zealand for the 2016 harvest. These experiences bring a global perspective and education that facilitate innovative changes to the growing Pennsylvania wine industry.
- Several students have benefited from permanent placement in the wine and fermented beverage industries upon graduation, and many have committed to Pennsylvania operations. The experience gained through research winemaking here at Penn State is invaluable and leaves them with base knowledge in wine production.
- Many students volunteer for Extension programming, which gives them the opportunity to present research and educational experiences to industry members as well as network with potential employers (you!).
- Graduate research has flourished. Both Dr. Ryan Elias and Dr. Michela Centinari have several graduate students that are working on applied research projects which address winemaker and grower needs reflected in previous industry needs assessments.
- Since 2011, the number of research wines being made has more than quadrupled. Today, we have outgrown the equipment I used in 2011 and outgrown our storage capacity for research wines. The wines produced at Penn State are annually evaluated at regional Extension events.
With such a positive focus on student development and interaction with Pennsylvania's grape and wine industry, the 2015 vintage was expected to be our best vintage yet!
The 2015 growing season did not leave much hope for Pennsylvania grape growers and winemakers, and I can recall a series of summer meetings in which winemakers from across the state asked me if I was prepared to deal with a lack of fruit and a bunch of rot in our research winemaking curriculum. Luckily, as Michela will reflect upon next week, the season shaped up to be one of the best I have experienced in my time here at Penn State.
For 2015, we recruited 10 interested undergraduate students for the 2015 harvest season to assist with the research harvests and wine production. This is double the quantity of students that typically enroll in an independent study experience associated with enology.
Students participate in regular wine processing operations, which can be seen in Figures 2 – 7: crushing, pressing, monitoring fermentation, and completing wines through malolactic fermentation. Additionally, at the end of the semester, each enrolled student presents on a wine grape variety of interest.
Many students arrive with a genuine interest in fermentation science, or would like to get more experience in food production. Many of them leave the fall semester with future undergraduate research opportunities, internships/co-ops at wineries, or develop an expectation to graduate with permanent placement in the fermented beverage industry.I can't wait to share some of the 2015 wines with the local industry at the March 2016 PA Wine Marketing & Research Board Symposium or at future Extension Enology events.
As a general reminder, many of these projects are financially supported through the multi-state Grape Wine Quality Eastern U.S. Initiative SCRI grant (which partially funds the NE-1020 variety trial research program), the PA Wine Marketing and Research Board, and the Crouch Fellowship, among other grant agencies.
Here are just a few snap shots that depict everything that we are currently working on for the 2015 harvest season:
To follow all of our annual research harvest activities, please 'Like' us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/PennStateExtensionEnology
Visiting Vineyards in Erie County and Evaluating Future Winter Injury Management Strategies
By: Michela Centinari
Denise Gardner, Penn State Enology Extension Associate, and I visited the Lake Erie region, Northwest of Pennsylvania, on June 25 and 26, 2015. We first visited the Lake Erie Regional Grape Research and Extension center (LERGREC) and later met with wine grape growers and winemakers at the South Shore Wine Company. The second day I visited three vineyards with our hosts Andy Muza, the horticulture Extension agent in Erie County, Bryan Hed and Jody Timer, research technologists at Penn State that focus on plant pathology and entomology, respectively.
Regional visits are always a great opportunity to connect with growers and winemakers, discuss production issues, gather information on topics of interest for future educational workshops, and also to learn about grower/winery relationships.
The wine industry in the Northwest region of Pennsylvania is growing, both in size and reputation. Most of the growers I met are experienced juice grape growers transitioning to wine grapes. One of the growers pointed out that he chose, among his 200 acres of existing Concord vineyards, the very best location to plant and grow his Vitis vinifera wine grapes. He had a clear understanding of how site selection is critical to successful cultivation of V. vinifera varieties, and site selection is one of the key areas we discuss with growers upon entering the wine grape industry.
During the two-day visit, most of the discussion focused on winter injury sustained by V. vinifera, inter-specific hybrids and also V. labrusca/native grapevines (mostly Niagara) over the past two winters. The last two years provided record low temperatures in Erie area during the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 winters, which have proved challenging for farmers (Figure 2). Variation in cold hardiness among grape genotypes, the impact of a diversified crop, and vineyard management practices to reduce/minimize future winter injury losses were discussed to great length.
Growers have been busy assessing the extent of winter injury, training suckers to be used as new trunks and cordons (Figure 3) and making re-planting decisions. One industry member pointed out that winter injury losses have forced growers to make strategic decisions in terms of variety selection. It was recommended that growers use this opportunity to substitute varieties that did not produce well with others that are more suited for the region and individual vineyard sites. In terms of crop diversification, the use of cold-hardy hybrid varieties released by the University of Minnesota may be a viable option for growers, but wineries should be consulted with regards to their interest in those varieties. Local market opportunities still need to be explored in Pennsylvania with regards to cold-hardy hybrid variety sales in the tasting room.
From a research prospective, these two consecutive severe cold winters provided a good opportunity to evaluate the cold hardiness of V. vinifera and inter-specific hybrid wine grape varieties at the variety evaluation planting established at LERGREC in 2008, as part of the NE-1020 multistate project. For more information about the NE-1020 trial, please refer to the article "NE-1020… What? The Top 5 industry benefits affiliated with the NE-1020 variety trial" by Denise Gardner.
During our visit we noticed, as expected, further damage to the cold tender V. vinifera varieties. Among the V. vinifera, Grüner Veltliner and Cabernet Franc are recovering better than Pinot Grigio and Pinot Noir, which are either dead to the ground or showing a weak recovery (Figure 4a, b). Very good bud survival was observed in Chancellor (Figure 4c) which produced about 3-4 clusters per shoot despite the extremely cold events recorded over the last two winters. Overall, Marquette, a cold-hardy hybrid variety released by the University of Minnesota, has shown encouraging results. In addition to the cold sensitive V. vinifera varieties, a poor survival was observed in the NY81.0315.17 (Riesling x Cayuga White) selection (NE-1020 vineyard) and in Traminette at several vineyards within the Erie region (Figure 4d).
Protecting vines and fruiting potential from winter injury
Growers had several questions about best practices to protect trunks and the fruiting potential of the vines against winter injury.
Hilling up the soil around the vines in the fall and taking out hills in the spring is the most common practice used by growers to protect the graft union and some of the scion tissues above the graft union against low winter temperatures. A few growers showed concerns about the wet conditions of the soil in the fall/spring which makes this operation difficult. Heavy, wet soil may be thrown up under the trellis in large clods which can result in imperfect burial of the vine trunk, and makes the take-out operation difficult [1]. Other growers mentioned using straw, or hay, or plowing snow (if there is sufficient snowfall) around the vines to insulate vine tissues. In the spring, it is critical to remove the soil around the graft union to avoid scion rooting, which defeats the purpose of rootstock and may result in vine decline [1].
Burying sucker canes under the soil or straw in the fall is a method that can be used to avoid winter injury and insure the retention of a 'marketable' crop the following year. A comprehensive description of the 'burial cane' technique can be found in: Winter Injury to Grapevines and Methods of Protection, Extension bulletin available for $15. Growers in Ontario and in New York State used this technique to protect some fruiting potential of the vines. As a brief explanation, shoots are grown on wires near the ground during the growing season and they are covered with soil or straw in the fall (Figure 5). Another option is to place canes near the ground after the vines go dormant. "A wire on the ground that is tensioned either permanently or temporarily is very helpful to hold canes near the ground" [1]. The buried canes need to be extracted from the soil as soon as the risk of low winter temperatures is past.
The cane burial technique and its effects on vine bud survival and production have been examined at Cornell University with the help of cooperating growers of V. vinifera varieties. For detailed information on the study please check Understanding and Preventing Freeze Damage in Vineyards: Workshop Proceedings (21-38) [2].
The main finding in this study was:
- Sucker canes buried in the fall do avoid the freeze injury suffered by the aerial canes of the vines.
- After canes were unburied, buds appeared to suffer injury unrelated to freezing. Buried canes showed more "blind nodes," they were less productive (e., significantly fewer clusters) than canes not buried. Buried canes also showed a delayed bud and shoot emergence compared to aerial, not buried canes.
- Cane burial is not a cheap operation: "typical extra costs per acre for cane burial in the Finger Lakes Region is about $400 to $500. This includes labor needs for laying out ground wire, wrapping them with suckers, hilling, and buried cane extraction, pruning, and tying in spring" [2].
In conclusion:
- "In normal or warm years, burying cane can result in production and economic losses. However, in extremely cold winters, buried canes allow a "half crop" and no dead vines" [2].
References Cited
- Zabadal, TJ, Dami, IE, Goiffinet, MC, Martinson, TE, and Chien, ML (2007) Winter Injury to Grapevines and Methods of Protection. Extension Bulletin E2930. Michigan University Extension.
- Goffinet, MC (2007). Grapevine Cold Injury and Recovery After Tissue Damage and
Using Cane Burial to Avoid Winter Injury. In: Understanding and Preventing Freeze Damage in Vineyards, Workshop Proceedings. University of Missouri Extension. 21-38.


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What: Benefice Away Day
When: 5th April 2014: 10am - 4pm
Where: Bouverie Court (The Lakes)
We'll be thinking about the future of our
parishes and benefice and writing Growth Action Plans in parish groups. Led by
Miles Baker, Diocesan Mission Enabler, this will be an enjoyable day that will
help us move forward together. Participants will need to bring their own lunch.
If you intend to come, please give your names to your churchwardens, who will
give them to Cheryl MacDougall.
News from the Living Brook Benefice, and the churches of St John the Baptist, Piddington with Horton, St John the Baptist, Quinton and St Edmund, King and Martyr, Hardingstone, Northamptonshire in the diocese of Peterborough
Tuesday, 25 February 2014
Flower Festival
Can you help with this fundraising event, if so please contact Yvonne or Christine on the above numbers.
Monday, 3 February 2014
Diocese event
To all clergy
Dear Friends,
You will hopefully be aware by now that there is to be a service in Peterborough Cathedral on 7th June 2014 to mark the 20th anniversary of the ordination of women as priests in the Church of England. There is a service at St Pauls' Cathedral in May which will be a national event but in this diocese we are planning a celebration of the joint ministry of men and women together as priests. Early publicity should have already reached you and the Bishop has also mentioned the event in his recent letter to the clergy.
One of the things we would like to do as part of the day is to include photos, memories and comments from clergy and lay people alike and we'd like to ask you and your parishioners for help with this. We are interested in gathering together as many examples of the following as possible:
- Photos or images which show any aspect of women's ordained ministry or of the joint ministry of men and women together
- Photos, images or memories of the ordination events of 1994
- Photos, images or memories of women deacons who died before 1994
- Brief comments or memories from clergywomen about their general experience of being a priest, or a particularly significant occasion
- Brief comments or memories from clergymen about their general experience of sharing in ministry with a female colleague, or a particularly significant occasion
- Brief comments or memories from lay people about how they have experienced the ministry of women in the church and the shared ministry of men and women together, either in general terms or linked to a significant events such as a wedding, funeral, baptism etc
Please note: Any comments should be brief quotes of no more than 100 words.
Please advertise this request widely in your parish and amongst those whom you know and help us gather together as many examples as possible.
Please send anything you can electronically to firstname.lastname@example.com or by hard copy to The Vicarage, 18 Kings Lane, Little Harrowden, Wellingborough,
Northamptonshire NN9 5BL
With grateful thanks and best wishes.
Sent on behalf of the Planning Group
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Conducting an evaluation, or self-assessment, is much like assessing student performance. Student assessment actually begins as the teacher writes a lesson plan. In the process, she identifies goals and objectives that will demonstrate whether the students have learned the new content and skills.
You should have already determined your goals through defining measurable outcomes earlier on in the school garden project. Now, its time to revisit those goals and determine your success in meeting them.
Download the Self-Assessment Worksheet to get started!


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10th century - Phoenicians, Malays, Swahili and Arab seamen visit island but do not settle. Island named Dina Robin by Arab mariners.
1498 - Portuguese explorers stumble upon Mauritius in the wake of Vasco da Gama's voyage around the Cape of Good Hope.
Mauritius has some of the world's most unspoilt beaches
1510 - Portuguese navigator Pedro Mascarenhas
visits the island and names it Cirn. It is used as a port of call, but
the Portuguese do not establish a permanent settlement.
Early settlement
1598 - Dutch claim the uninhabited island and rename it after their head of state, Maurice, Prince of Orange and Count of Nassau.
1638-58 - Dutch settlement begins, but colony soon fails.
1664-1710 - Second Dutch attempt at colonisation
fails. The Dutch withdraw permanently. By this time the dodo - a unique
bird found only on Mauritius - has become extinct. Pirates inhabit the
1715 - French East India Company claims Mauritius for France, renames it Ile de France.
1721-67 - Settlement begins; Port Louis founded as a base for attacking the British in India.
1767 - French East Indies Company sells Mauritius; control of island transferred to French government.
1796 - Settlers break away from French control when the government in Paris attempts to abolish slavery.
1810 - British forces land in Mauritius after defeating the French in battle at Cap Malheureux.
British rule
1812 - Colonel Draper founds the Mauritius Turf
Club, which opens the first racecourse in the southern hemisphere and
the second oldest in the world.
1814 - Mauritius, Seychelles and Rodrigues ceded to Britain under Treaty of Paris.
1834 - British abolish slavery. It is phased out on the island under a transition period known as "apprenticeship".
1835 - Indentured labour system introduced. In subsequent decades hundreds of thousands of workers arrive from India.
1847 - Incorrectly-worded Penny Black postage stamps issued; later become some of the most sought-after stamps in the world.
1866-68 - Malaria epidemic kills more than 40,000 people after Anopheles mosquito accidently introduced.
1876 - Indian rupee becomes official currency.
1912 - Mahatma Gandhi visits.
1910 - Indentured labour system abolished.
Between 1834-1910, 451,776 Indians were brought to Mauritius to work on
the sugar estates, of which 157,639 returned to India.
1926 - First Indo-Mauritians elected to government council.
1936 - Creole politician Dr Maurice Cure founds Mauritian Labour Party (MLP), or Parti Travailliste.
1937 - Rioters demand better economic conditions and participation in government.
Towards independence
Royal visit
Princess Alexandra is the first royal to visit after independence
1942 - Donald Mackenzie MacDonald becomes governor. Introduces
consultative committee which for the first time includes
representatives from all Mauritian communities.
1948 - New constitution gives the vote to many Indians and Creoles in an enlarged legislature.
1957 - Internal self-government introduced, with an electoral system based on the Westminster model.
1958 - New constitution - all adults over 21 can vote. Island divided into four single-member constituencies.
1959 - First elections under universal adult suffrage won by MLP, led by Dr Seewoosagur Ramgoolam.
1961 - Cyclone Carol devastates island, leaving thousands homeless and prompting a housing revolution.
1964 - Ethnic rioting; Hindus and Creoles clash.
Diego Garcia
30 years of suffering
1965 - Constitutional conference held in London to discuss independence.
1966 - Britain drives out some 2,000 residents of
the Chagos archipelago, in the Indian Ocean. Many are sent to
Mauritius. Britain leases the Chagos islands to the US for 50 years.
The US builds a military base on the largest island, Diego Garcia.
1968 - 12 March - Independence
1969 - Opposition Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM) founded, advocates socialism, led by Paul Berenger.
1971 - First Export Processing Zone created. Textiles sector develops. Between 1971-77, 64,000 jobs are created.
1971 - MMM, backed by unions, calls a series of
strikes. State of emergency declared, lasts until 1976. MMM party's
leadership imprisoned.
1979 - Cyclone Claudette devastates island.
1979 - Mauritius approaches IMF and World Bank for assistance. Country has deficit of $111 million.
Jugnauth elected
Prime Minister 1982-1995 and 2000-2003
2002: Cyber Cities
1982 - Sir Anerood Jugnauth becomes prime minister.
1985 - Seesowagar Ramgoolam, father of nation, dies
1985 - Drugs scandal at Amsterdam airport; four
MPs arrested on charges of drug smuggling. Inquiry in 1986 implicates
three members of Legislative Assembly. Six more politicians are accused
in 1987 of involvement in the affair.
1989 - Stock Exchange opens in Port Louis.
1991 December - Legislative Assembly approves the transition of the nation to a republic within the Commonwealth.
Cassam Uteem
President from 1992-2002
1992 March - Prime Minister Jugnauth declares
Mauritius a republic. Legislative Assembly redesignated National
Assembly and incumbent governor, General Ringadoo, becomes president.
1992 June - MMM member Cassam Uteem elected president.
1994- Cyclone Hollanda leaves 1,400 people homeless and causes $81million in damage.
1995 December - MLP leader Navin Ramgoolam becomes prime minister.
Navin Ramgoolam
Prime minister from 1995-2000
1999 February - Creole singer Kaya dies in police custody, prompting four days of rioting among Creole community.
2000 - Mauritius secures a seat on the United Nations Security Council for the first time.
2000 - September - MSM leader Sir Anerood Jugnauth becomes prime minister.
2000 November - High Court in London rules that
Britain acted unlawfully in driving the inhabitants of the Chagos
archipelago from their homes in 1966. Many of the exiles settled in
2002 February - Cassam Uteem resigns as
president, refusing to sign controversial anti-terrorism bill. Vice
president also refuses to sign and resigns. Head of legislature becomes
acting president and passes legislation into law.
2002 - Karl Hoffman elected president by National Assembly.
2002 - "Cyber Cities" plan launched to create concentrations of hi-tech facilities and boost economy.
2003 - Anerood Jugnauth hands over leadership of MSM to his son, Pravind.


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The global market was valued at $2531.0 million in 2014 and is likely to garner $21186.9 million in 2025, growing at a CAGR of 22.16% during the forecast period according to Progressive Markets' report, "Global Building Information Modeling (BIM) Market – Size, Trend, Share, Opportunity Analysis & Forecast, 2014-2025".
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Il cuore di Stefano è stato, quindi, finalmente rubato dalla bella Gilda . Dopo l'addio dalla showgirl Belen Rodriguez , il ballerino è stato beccato insieme alla nuova ragazza. Gilda e Stefano , sebbene si conoscano da poco tempo, almeno a quanto sembra dalle foto, sono molto affiatati. I due si sono rifugiati in un resort in Piemonte, ma i paparazzi sono arrivati anche lì, rendendo la loro storia d'amore ormai ufficiale.
Peccato che un velo di tristezza offuschi il suo sguardo! "Spero, visto che hanno un bambino bellissimo, che superino la crisi" ha detto la showgirl al conduttore Alfonso Signorini . Non possiamo fare a meno di notare, da queste foto, la tenuta più "castigata" di Anna che, dopo le esplosive foto sexy che avrebbero suscitato la rabbia del noto cantante napoletano, sembra essere ritornata a una versione più materna e meno provocante.
The lawsuit includes charges of sexual battery, fraud, negligence and intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress. Usher's legal woes worsened on Monday, when three other people, including one man, made similar allegations against the musician.
For 13 seasons, the series followed the life of Alamo beer-loving Hank Hill, a salesman of "propane and propane accessories", and his middle-class Hill family in fictional Arlen, Texas. Since King of the Hill went off the air in 2009, Judge has gone on to create HBO's hilarious live-action satire Silicon Valley , while Daniels created the beloved NBC comedy Parks and Recreation .
The move aims to contribute to tackling regional security challenges and tightening connectivity in the region, the official said at the 18th ASEAN 3 Foreign Ministers Meeting and the seventh EAS Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Manila , the Philippines , on August 7.
Il nuovo investimento di oltre 1.58 miliardi di dollari farà salire la quota della Disney del 42%. La nuova piattaforma streaming - che dovrebbe debuttare negli Stati Uniti tra il 2018 e il 2019 - infatti sarà un punto di riferimento per tutti i fan della Disney dal momento che conterrà i maggiori film e cartoni di successo prodotti dall'azienda, compresi quelli targati Pixar .
Lieberman and illustrator Riley Rossmo - focuses on an "assassin who manifests the toughest skills of three different personas: a cowboy, a ninja, and a viking", and is being billed as a "hard-edged actioner laced with attitude". With Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom slated to open in theaters next June, followed by Cowboy Ninja Viking just one year later, one could imagine what other types of projects Universal and Pratt have tucked up their sleeves.
David Letterman , the longest-serving host in US late night television - the original host of Late Night (NBC) and The Late Show ( CBS ) - is returning to television for a new series for Netflix . "I'd like to just ask him about the change in him as a man, where did it come from, how did it begin and where is it going". I'd like to talk to this guy because, OK, the haircut.
Musk , 46, also weighed in on the comments section of Heard's post. He then added a lengthier response, writing, "Although Amber and I did break up, we are still friends, remain close and love one another". After all, Musk did marry and divorce Westworld actress Talulah Riley twice . In July 2016 there were rumors that they were dating after they were spotted leaving each other rooms at the Delano Hotel in Miami.
Before T-Swift went on stage for a concert, she met Mueller and his girlfriend, and they posed for a photograph. Mr McFarland showed the jury a picture from the photoshoot and said Mueller's hand was not under her dress. He acknowledged touching her-but more in an accidental manner, he said. The " Shake It Off " and " Bad Blood " singer argues that a verdict in her favor will serve as an example for other women who might fear coming forward in similar circumstances.
Hackers also accessed the personal phone numbers and email addresses of Game of Thrones actors. Hackers demand ransom in latest communication with HBO . " Mr. Smith " and his group added a detailed plot summary of next week's Game of Thrones episode along with photos from the show. Although this may constitute HBO's biggest leak to date, it falls short of the cyberattack inflicted on Sony in 2014, when hackers released thousands of personal emails and information including ...
Honestly, what was Eliza going to do next season if she wasn't a doctor? In another casting shakeup for Grey Sloan Memorial, Abigail Spencer will be playing the role of Megan Hunt , previously played by Bridget Regan, for a "multi-episode arc" this season.
Non ho parole. ho solo un grande senso di vuoto . grazie per tutto ciò che mi hai sempre trasmesso, il tuo affetto sincero, la tua forza, il tuo infinito coraggio e la voglia di vivere! La cantante ha postato il suo messaggio con una foto che la immortala abbracciata all'amica scomparsa.
The father of the family told concert staff that "all three of his family members felt warm liquid washing over their back legs", according to the police report . State troopers were called to the scene. Daddio was placed under arrest, and authorities said the man was "heavily intoxicated at the time". A ticket for the Metallica concert found in his possession confirmed his seat was located directly behind the family, Buzzfeed said.
The regulator found it had broken rules to ensure people can contact emergency services at all times. During a four-hour period in December 2015, calls to the emergency services in the Hull area were rendered impossible because of a flooded BT exchange in York following Storm Eva .
The hackers claimed it took them about 6 months to breach HBO's network. "We successfully breached into your huge network", the video said, according to the Hollywood Reporter , which together with other online magazines received the confidential information in an email from the hackers.
Cena called Corbin a "skinny fat, loud mouthed, overrated dumpster fire" (part of which he read verbatim off a fan's sign). Corbin refuses and says he does what he wants when he wants. - James Ellsworth made his return to WWE SmackDown on tonight's show in Toronto after serving a 30-day storyline suspension from SmackDown General Manager Daniel Bryan.
The 24-year-old, who played his collegiate basketball at Kansas, was originally selected by the Sacramento Kings with the seventh overall pick of the 2013 NBA Draft. With the Kings rebuilding around a backcourt of Buddy Hield, De'Aaron Fox and Bogdan Bogdanovic-and veterans like George Hill and Vince Carter added this offseason as well-it was clear there wasn't a spot for McLemore in the team's rotation going forward.
It came hours after she got all glammed up and gave a series of press interviews live from her nearby beach house for the Sunday morning talk shows. 'I've worked with (Pence) for 10 years as his pollster, as his senior adviser and certainly daily in the White House, ' Kellyanne said.
He teamed up with Audible .com to release "Audible for dogs " content. "If you're going to leave some kind of sound behind, when your dog is alone, make sure it's something that keeps them calm", says Millan in a behind-the-scenes video.
Police arrested Mena Sunday morning on charges of first-degree murder, attempted murder, and aggravated assault with a firearm. After Cruz defended his friends, Mena, who later admitted to having consumed 15 or 20 beers that night, pulled a handgun from his trousers and began shooting, the report said.
A representative for Samberg confirmed the news to Us Weekly on Tuesday. "I love babies", Samberg said. Samberg, 38, and Newsom, 35, got engaged in 2013 and married later that year after dating for five years. "I would love a baby someday". His comments came a few months after Newsom, a renowned harpist, told Larry King that she wanted kids. They tied the knot later that year at the Post Ranch Inn in Big Sur, California.
Si dice che il film è parzialmente ispirato da Rosemary's Baby. Il cast comprende anche Michelle Pfeiffer, Ed Harris, Domnhall Gleeson, Brian Gleeson e Kristen Wiig .
David Madden , President of Fox Broadcasting, told the Television Critics Association the mythology episodes would be the season premiere and finale, just like the previous revival season. "Spurred by a Twitter-driven onslaught of complaints, Anderson added that only two of the show's total 207 episodes were directed by women, adding she "[looked] forward to the day when the numbers are different".
She is survived by a son, Adam LeGrant. She played the part of Cunegonde in Leonard Bernstein's Candide , where she performed what would become one of her signature songs, "Glitter and Be Gay". She would bring numerous solo concerts to Broadway for extended stays, including Barbara Cook's Broadway! and Mostly Sondheim . Born in Atlanta in 1927, Cook never had a vocal coach yet had an effortless skill of creating beauty by just opening her mouth.
Fans at home can submit audition videos to The Four and find themselves singing on stage a week later. The network canceled its long-running American Idol previous year because of dwindling ratings and rising costs, only to see it snapped up by ABC for an early 2018 debut.
Pumpkin, whose real name is Lauryn, shared her news on the channel saying, "hey guys, I'm pregnant". "I don't know what I'm having yet, but if I had a bet, because of all the girls in our family, I'm probably having a girl". "You guys are gonna be fucked!" 'My baby daddy's head is the size of a freaking watermelon, so imagine trying to push a watermelon out of your vagina!' the girl joked.
The distributors may lose money but what Shah Rukh Khan has lost in this one weekend is his 25 years of stardom and goodwill. The movie opened on a decent note on Friday (4th August) collecting Rs 15.25 crore. That year Salman Khan had another release as well-- Prem Rattan Dhan Payo that fared better than Dilwale at the box office, with collections worth Rs 267.54 crore.
GLEN Campbell , the legendary country singer, has died 81. Glen Campbell was diagnosed with the brain-ravaging disease in 2011 and went on a world tour afterward. Campbell was 81 years old. The tour was the subject of the acclaimed documentary Glen Campbell: I'll Be Me . "I'm a jazzer. I just love to get the guitar and play the hell out of it if I can".
Live. A video of the incident showed the man walk towards Horry and shove him before the seven-time NBA Champion unleashed a series of punches. Horry, 46, told TMZ Sports he acted in self-defense. He shoved me. Where I'm from, you protect yourself", Horry said. Horry chose to let the situation go after throwing a few haymakers, telling TMZ he was "the only one who was gonna lose in this situation".
The meeting was probably two months ago, two and a half months ago. It was Judge's follow-up series to Beavis and Butt-Head about the Hill family, with Hank Hill (voiced by Judge) selling propane and chatting with his friends over beer in the yard.
Over the subsequent 30 years of Perenchio's ownership, adjacent properties were acquired to expand the estate, including a Wallace Neff guest house and a long private driveway. Jerrold "Jerry" Perenchio has become the most expensive property on the USA open market, according to reports. Known as Chartwell, the 25,000-square-feet home was built in the 1930s by architect Sumner Spaulding and sits atop 10.3 acres of land replete with a guesthouse, pool, manicured gardens, a tennis court and ...
According to Radio Times , the producers of Poldark and the guys at Mammoth Screen are working on a new Pride & Prejudice TV show. This latest adaptation is likely to hit screens in 2020 as a celebration of the 25th anniversary of the 1995 BBC series.
Well, maybe another single getting released - in addition to " Malibu " and " Inspired " - but then again, we're probably being a little greedy. Her July feature in Harper's Bazaar displayed her best natural features, those pools of eyes, no makeup, flowing skirts, and cozy sweaters surrounding the singer.
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul , who just won Tony Awards for their work on musical Dear Evan Hansen and contributed lyrics to La La Land's Oscar-winning song, "City of Stars", scored A Christmas Story: The Musical. The now-classic 1983 feature film, which became a sleeper hit, has since taken on a new life, along with growing critical acclaim, to become a perennial holiday favorite beloved by families and kids of all ages.


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Venezuela Pushes Oil Abroad As Economy Struggles
Venezuela is bringing in foreign delegations to invest in its oil industry while Hugo Chávez continues to threaten the nationalization of an idyllic Caribbean archipelago
A Russian delegation is currently touring Venezuela, having met President Hugo Chávez earlier this week. Today the group is taking in the oil-rich Orinoco Belt along with with Oil Minister and head of state oil company Petróleos de Venezuela, Rafael Ramírez. The South American nation holds the world's largest oil reserves, even greater than those of Saudi Arabia. It's these reserves that allow Chávez to cling onto power, lubricating his Bolivarian revolution.
The liquid gold -- or devil's excrement as former Venezuelan politician Juan Pablo Perez Alfonzo once described oil -- makes up Chávez's arsenal against the United States and the western world, while also serving as his gift to friendly nations such as Cuba, which receives 92,000 barrels of oil daily.
The Russians were preceded by a delegation from Belarus earlier this week. Chávez met with Victor Sheiman, a special envoy sent by the country's president Alexander Lukashenko. Venezuela has awarded five oil blocks to Belarusian state oil firm Belarusneft, one of which is in the Orinoco region.
Venezuela Economy
Next year's budget is to be based upon a cost of $50 for a barrel of Venezuelan crude oil, roughly half the average price during the last week of September, which was $98.79, according to Bloomberg. The country's oil basket has averaged $99.60 a barrel so far this year, up from $71.97 in 2010 and $57.01 in 2009. According to the Wall Street Journal, analysts expect that Venezuela will be able to keep up with debt obligations and fulfill spending plans as long as oil prices stay above $85 a barrel.
Yet, Venezuelan gas stations are still struggling to provide enough fuel for the domestic market. The Economist this week described the country's infrastructure as "falling apart." State-owned airline Aeropostal saw a DC-9 lose two engines on landing last week in Puerto Ordaz. This follows 33 aviation "incidents" last month, a rate up about 10% this year so far compared to last year. Roads are full of potholes and the capital's Metro is overcrowded and plagued with breakdowns. This, on top of electricity shortages will be a major headache for Chávez as he looks to begin campaigning for next October's presidential elections.
Los Roques Takeover
After last week's rumors of Chávez's impending death and the following theatrics during which he played baseball in front of bemused reporters outside the presidential palace, the maverick leader has returned to form announcing a planned takeover of an idyllic Caribbean archipelago. The scores of islands of Los Roques are the crème de la crème of Caribbean beach resorts, an untouched paradise which attracts high-end visitors from both Latin America and the rest of the world, often with their own yachts.
However, Chávez would like to take those yachts and use them to transport tourists, while taking over the islands and using them for state tourism. This is in a country that has done very little to attract visitors thanks to insecurity, strict foreign exchange controls, and a lack of travel infrastructure.
"I've always said we should nationalize Los Roques," Chávez said on state television. "There are some houses that were illegally built. We're going to take them over... There are some supposed owners. They privatized it, so to speak, the high bourgeoisie, including the international set."
While the expropriations may seem harmless, they follow hundreds of similar moves often against foreign companies. ExxonMobil (XOM) is currently in battle with the Venezuelan government as it fights for the $7 billion it believes it is owed after a 2007 expropriation. Chávez's government has offered the company just $1 billion. More than 400 companies have been expropriated in Venezuela this year alone.
There is some good news for the government. Inflation slowed in September, up just 1.6% compared to August which saw a 2.2% rise. Still, it remains the highest figure in the Americas. The newly released numbers take annual inflation for the 12 months to September to 26.5%. Inflation this year is at 20.5%.
Venezuelan Gold Reserves
And finally, after Chávez's shock announcement in August that he was to pull in all of the country's foreign gold reserves, Venezuelans can expect the first shipment to arrive in October, according to a senior official speaking to Dow Jones Newswires. Air shipments are the preferred method and will cost "no more than $7m," including insurance, according to the source. However, analysts are still baffled by the move, both in its reasoning -- the country holds 99 tons of gold in the Bank of England, in some of the world's safest vaults -- and in its logistics.
Twitter: @jammastergirish
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- There is safety in numbers. Shopping with others reduces your chances of being a victim.
- Park only in well-lit areas in designated parking lots.
- Avoid large groups of people who appear to be loitering in parking lots.
- Avoid any unnecessary contact with unknown people in parking lots.
- Make sure valuable items are not left in plain sight in a vehicle or unattended in a shopping cart.
- Have a cell phone available to call for help if needed.
- Parents should place an identity card in their child's pocket in the event they become separated from one another. The card should provide the name of the child, address, telephone contact numbers and the name of a relative.
- In the event that parents and children are separated, the children should be instructed to go to the nearest police officer.
- Do not purchase items from non-licensed solicitors in parking lots.
Tuesday, November 22, 2011
Black Friday Shopper Safety Tips
Here are some great shopper safety tips for Black Friday from the Mobile Alabama Police Department
Posted by Mark Libell at 5:05 PM
Labels: Loss Prevention
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How To Spend Two Hours In ClevelandPosted: April 2, 2014 Filed under: Travel Leave a comment
If you find yourself in Cleveland, Ohio and you have two hours to spend sightseeing, and you've already seen the things I wrote about here and here, check out these things I saw this past Saturday when I found myself in just this situation!
These towering figures are called The Guardians of Traffic by local residents. Frank Walker and Henry Hering called them "Lords of Transportation" when they created them. They are carved into the pylons on either end of the Lorain-Carnegie Bridge that spans the Cuyahoga River (you know, the river that caught fire in 1969 because it was so polluted – yeah, that one). There are four of them, and each side of each pylon has a larger-than-life carving of a "traffic guardian". Each Guardian is holding a different vehicle in their hands, portraying the history of ground transportation.
If you start driving at this end of the bridge and go across the river, you would drive right into this:
Progressive Field, home of the Cleveland Indians. This picture was taken around noon on Saturday. By midnight on Saturday there was 3-5 inches of snow on the ground. I have no idea how the home baseball opener went for the fans in Cleveland, but you just should not have to wear snow boots to a baseball game. That's what I think anyway!
So, what could this oil funnel have to do with Cleveland? Well, there is a Methodist Church located at the corner of Euclid and MLK in University Circle that is said to look like a giant, old-fashioned oil can. I guess I see it, but I don't know about the nickname "Church of the Holy Oil Can". What do you think?
Finally, we saw the Cleveland Thinker statue at the Cleveland Museum of Art. The museum is located at 11150 East Boulevard in Cleveland. When we got there, it was starting to snow and the wind was howling, so we didn't actually get out of the car, but we were able to get these pictures:
This replica of Rodin's "The Thinker" has been in front of Cleveland's Museum of Art since 1917. In 1970, the Thinker statue was bombed with a pipe bomb, and it was knocked off the base. Both of the Thinker's legs were destroyed. The bomb was blamed on Vietnam War protestors, but nobody was ever caught. It was later decided not to repair the statue, but to leave it in its original spot, in its damaged condition.
So there you have it. If you still have time to kill, you could drive through Sonic for a diet cherry limeade. I'm just saying.


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SpaceX launched their 6th payload this year into orbit on Dec 21 and they successfully landed the first stage of the Falcon 9 launch vehicle. The upper stage successfully deployed 11 Orbcomm-2 satellites.
Congratulations, SpaceX!
Look at these young, hip spokespeople representing SpaceX and all the young, creative engineers and techies celebrating their achievement.
I am jealous. Why doesn't the nuclear energy industry attract such great, young talent?
Providing electrical power to 3 billion humans on this planet who currently do not have access to it is a thousand times more important than what SpaceX is doing. Not to mention the importance of securing energy for the developed world for the next few millennia.
Why isn't nuclear power glamorous? Why don't we see celebrations like this when a nuclear power plant goes on line? I don't know the answer, but I know we need this kind of talent and enthusiasm!


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Meet Our Doctors
Dr. Amanda Hansberger
Dr. Hansberger was born and raised in Kinderhook, New York. She attended Cornell University for undergrad and then went onto Ross University where she earned her Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine. Dr. Hansberger's passion for animals started when she was a small child. She grew up riding and showing horses--something that she still enjoys doing to this day! She's a wife, a mother to two beautiful daughters, and a dog-mom to her Australian Shepherd mix, Addie.
Dr. Peter Oliver
Dr Oliver is originally from our area and works at both Drumm and Catskill loactions. He attended Ross University and graduated in 2006. He enjoys dentistry and the surgical aspects of being a veterinarian most, however, general practice interests him as well. While Dr. Oliver isn't working or in the midst of surgery, he enjoys leisure time with friends and family as well as catching a new movie. He also has two adorable cats named Marshall and Ninja.
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Monday, July 2, 2012
Introducing my second blog - Graphics!
I am so excited about getting my second blog up and running. Since I love sharing my teaching resources and experiences with you all, I have decided to start creating and offering clipart as well. Follow my new blog to stay up to date on all the new or free graphics I will be offering this year! Click the link below to check out my blog and newest graphic bundle!
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Mom and Pop Felton came up to Bloomington to help us during our second weekend of renovation. We had pulled up the carpet in the living room to discover cheap thin tile beneath. We soon discovered that this tile was under the carpet in each of the bedrooms as well. John and Maggie helped us pull up the tile in the living room and hallway, but Tim convinced me that it wasn't worth the time and effort to pull up the tile in the bedrooms since we could probably install our floor right over top of it.
The second day Tim's parents were here, Tim asked his dad to take down the wrap that goes around our bathtub. We had originally planned on leaving it up and having the drywall guys hang drywall around it, but Tim said, let's take it down and have them drywall behind it.
Boy was Tim's dad in for a treat when he removed that wrap.
So...I gave the wall a good bleach scrub down and Charlie replaced the rotting wood around the faucets. The toiled was also broken, so we removed it, and since we found water damage behind the shower wrap, we pulled up the linoleum too. I took a pic from outside the bathroom because it stunk so bad.
At our community dinner that week, Tim suggested that we write verses and prayers on the walls of our house to sort of dedicate the house to the community and to God. We had heard of people doing this before in churches or Young Life buildings, but I had never done it before, and it was a really neat experience. Buying and renovating this house had been a stressful and tiresome experience thus far, so it was good for us to remember that in the end, it will be more than just a house, it will be a home and an important part of our community here on Sunset Hill.
Stay tuned for updates on Weeks 3 and 4!