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07 Feb 2018 21:44
It takes time to learn about all of the things you need to do to boost your health. The first step is to read all of the expert advice you can on the topic. For example, the article below about vitamins and minerals will lead you down the path to feeling great in no time.Vitamins and minerals are a great way to prevent aging and retain that youthful appearance and resilience we had in our younger days. You tend to start requiring more nutrients in the form of vitamins and minerals to keep your skin soft, fight off colds and promote energy that we would consume far more quickly by relying only on the foods we eat, as you get older.Calcium can maintain and build stronger bones. Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium. You can get vitamin D throughfood and sunlight, and supplements. Any of these help your body absorb calcium.Do not use tea or coffee to wash down your vitamins and minerals. These beverages may inhibit the absorption of certain minerals. 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The cooking and canning processes leach a lot of the nutrients out of the vegetables and fruit that we eat. While canned foods are easier to use because their shelf life is longer, they are nutritionally less helpful.Omega-3 supplements might be just what you need if you are feeling depressed. While people who have a diet high in fish will have plenty of these fatty acids in their body, those who don't eat much fish may be deficient. You can get more Omega-3s in fortified eggs or through supplements.If you find that taking your supplements leaves you feeling nauseous, be sure to take them with food. Taking vitamins and minerals on an empty stomach can easily upset it, so just take them with a meal instead. In fact, splitting them up amongst your meals can boost absorption.Whether you don't have time to eat right, don't get enough sunlight or just feel lethargic, minerals and vitamins can help to boost you up. You know have a great knowledge on the topic, but there is always more to learn. Use what you've read today and continue to read more into the future.


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Helmut and I spent the next couple of hours in conversation about life and faith and Austria, and I invited him to our Easter service, which he said he would like to attend. I gave him my business card, and he said he'd contact me, but after I had been back in Vienna a few weeks, I still hadn't heard from him. Then two days ago the phone rang, and a voice on the other end said, "It's Helmut, remember me?"
We agreed to meet at his favorite cafe, just three doors down from our apartment building, and so yesterday we picked up where we left off on the plane. At the end of our conversation, I was struck by what Helmut said to me, "Thanks for talking me about faith and God. I don't have anyone else to talk to about these things."
For all those who say that Europeans are unresponsive or even antagonistic to the Gospel--especially the older generation--don't tell that to Helmut. Really, God has led us to more than a few people who are hungry for something, they just don't know what it is. Pray for Helmut and the many others who come across our paths, for us to be able to communicate the good news to them, and for ears to hear.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ryu Hayabusa's Double Bill - Tokyo Game Show 2011
Quite possibly one of the most famous ninjas in video gaming history, Ryu Hayabusa has quite a showing at this year's Tokyo Game Show with the "pre-alpha build" gameplay trailer of Dead or Alive 5, and the newly-released "Consequence" trailer of Ninja Gaiden 3.
With Tecmo Koei and their developing subsidiary, Team Ninja, set to make splashes at the Tokyo Game Show this year, we are showered with new materials from two of the most anticipated titles from the Japanese-based studio formerly led by Tomonobu Itagaki.
First up, we have the official unveiling of Dead or Alive 5, the much-anticipated latest installment in the Dead or Alive fighting game franchise. Described by producer Yousuke Hiyashi as "fighting entertainment", the title was announced with a gameplay trailer featuring a "pre-alpha build" of the title, showcasing Tecmo's resident ninja Ryu Hayabusa and best buddy Hayate in a battle atop a skyscraper.
Without further ado, hit the jump to check out the trailer.
In addition to the announcement gameplay trailer, Team Ninja has also released a teaser image for the title featuring an unknown female character belived to be either Kasumi or Hitomi.
The first console installment of the series without the involvement of series creator Tomonobu Itagaki, Dead or Alive 5 is set to be released some time next year. That's all we got for Dead or Alive 5, but for Tecmo's most famous character and resident ninja, Ryu Hayabusa, it's a busy day as a new trailer and several screenshots of his upcoming game, Ninja Gaiden 3, were also released.
We have earlier seen a fair amount of Ninja Gaiden 3, the latest installment of the renowned action-adventure series, at E3. Here, we take another bloody look at the title as Ryu Hayabusa's massively blood-ridden past in the previous installments of the series caught up to him in the aptly entitled "Consequence" trailer.
Heh, the pathetic henchman at the start of the clip cracks me up. Here are some of the screenshots released at the event.
Ninja Gaiden 3 is set to be released in early 2012 on PlayStation 3, Wii U, and Xbox 360.
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After working in communications for the past five years, people often ask me what they should post on their business/nonprofits Instagram feed. So I've listed some of the basics here, most of these pointers also apply for Facebook and Pinterest. What gets the most likes? What time is best to post? What makes a great post?
Before I proceed: I would strongly recommend that your organisation has been through a branding process and has a strong visual identity, this will set you up for what sort of images/videos to post. Many of these pointers are about understanding people's likes and the medium you are publishing on. Instagram's self description is: a fast, beautiful and fun way to share your life with friends and family. So…
1. Make sure your posts are beautifully crafted and likeable. I often ask the question to myself, would I print and frame this post? If not, I don't post.
2. Post content that expresses what your organisation is all about and gets to the heart of your brand message.
3. Make sure to use the correct hashtags (1-5 hashtags is appropriate).
4. Add a location to your image.
5. Appropriately tag other accounts (people and endorsed brands in your photos).
6. From personal experience, I strongly recommend NOT to have text on your images. Look through some of the most popular accounts and you'll see it's all about the photograph. Unless you're a graphic designer/illustrator showcasing some spectacular work, just stick with a photograph. If you want to include information, that's what the caption is for.
7. Make sure your post is meaningful/fun and doesn't feel like a commercial. Instagram images take up a lot of screen real estate; respect that, people don't want commercials on their screens.
8. The best time to post is dependant on your location and the timezone the majority of your followers are. Statistics from various consultancy agencies vary but usually between 6:30am-8am and 5pm-9pm are best. Evenings usually do better than mornings and there has been some surprising insight into engagement around lunchtime too. Mondays and Saturday's are arguably more likely to get less likes but in my honest opinion, the difference isn't much.
9. Consistency is key. Don't post more than two photos a day and try to post at least 2-3 times a week.
10. I couldn't stress this enough, make sure your photos a beautifully crafted. Quality, quality, quality.
If you have any questions about this or for social media consultation, feel free to contact me through my contact page.


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Practice Based Research- part 2
November 24, 2014 § Leave a comment
In this lecture we followed on from last week when Spencer first introduced practice based research…
My notes…
Spencer Roberts- 24/11/14
- Henk Borgdorff's position artistic research
- What Borgdorff brings to the debate
- Borgdorff tries to bring a creative, constructivist framework
- He doesn't think of what art is as a fixed, timeless thing…
- Relates to James Elkins- Borgdorff is keen to get an artistic research program 'off the ground'
- It is responding against another design position
- Quite conservative
- Michael Biggs- looked at funding documents, though that they contained definitions of research
- [HRC forms- the influence + how your work will innovate]
- [Biggs- that's what that is- what we are asking for]
- Borgdorff builds all the information that he needs that supports his artistic research
- Scientific research is open, about groups of people banding together
[Henk Borgdorff]
- If all these platforms are in place
- If artistic research can imitate scientific research, and so you cat distinguish between them
- They are legitimised
- Borgdorff is saying that all kinds of research are a performance not just artistic research
Actor network theory
- ANT- actor network theory- actor = human, microbe, infrastructure (university)
- Facilitates- post-disciplinarity- not an interdisciplinarity position (where you carve a problem into bits- to manage it)
- Loose network structure
- Anything can be an actor in the system
- His position- is to provide the link
- About how we engineer these frameworks
(Artistic research catalogue, journal for artistic research- both initiatives from Henk Borgdorff)
ANT- in practice
- Legacy- symbolic interaction
- Erving Goffman- studied asylums and what happens in institutions
Specifically the categorizing of schizophrenia
- He asks some students to tell there doctors that they were hearing a voice saying- hollow, empty, thud
- This was labelled as schizophrenic behaviour- everything they do from then on while in the institution is also labelled as schizophrenic behaviour-
- They take notes while they are there and observe the doctors and how they interact with the patients
- He then steps in and gets the students out of the institutions
- He (Erving Goffman) received backlash from this for 'unethical behaviour'
- He then tells institutions in America that he will do the same thing again- send students into doctors practices there so that they can get diagnosed again and the study continues
- He didn't send in students pretending to be patients, however the numbers of diagnosed schizophrenic patients drop because of the idea that some of them could be faking
- The study is based on interpretations
Thomas Kuhn
- Science itself shifts
- Tried to theorise science
- Book- science wars of the early 80's
[ANT- contemporary form of process philosophy]
-Massive focus on performance
Practice Based Research- part 1
November 17, 2014 § Leave a comment
In this lecture we first started looking at practice based research…
James Elkins started off being a painter (practitioner) but gravitated to being more interested in research and art history. He sees artistic knowledge as being important but doesn't feel like it works as part of a university. He doesn't understand being taught how to do art. He is opposed to rational discussion which universities are often founded on. Elkins has written some provocative, skeptical texts, such as 'Why Art Cannot be Taught' and "Artists with PhDs' (with an implied question mark at the end) and 'On Pictures and the Words that Fail Them'. He has also been a prominent 'middle ground' voice in the debate concerning the legitimacy of practice-based research- art provides a unique, highly specialized way of knowing the world and engaging with it, that has little to do with the rational forms of knowing/being that underpin the traditional ideas of the university. He is currently a Historian and art critic at the Art Institute of Chicago. Having being a painter but having become an art distortion he occupies and interesting place on discussion of painting/writing and rationality in particular.
Elkins felt that artistic knowledge and understanding was very important but thought although it works in the context of a studio, it didn't work in the context of a university. In his own work, he makes a sharp distinction between painting and art theory. He turns the tables on the tutors in education. This become particularly interesting when we start to look at crit sessions.
An assessment criteria tries to combine traditional education and concerns into one. Elkins said that there is something about the structure of education and art and design education, which you can see themes running through. You must not look for a rational dialogue in a critique. You should instead regard it as a creative situation where strangers are trying to find meaning and say something. What is important is managing the social dynamic of this group, maintaining balance without engaging in rational discussion, which is nonsense. Elkins sees art as a unique, highly specialized way of knowing the world and also engaging with it. He doesn't feel that this has anything to do with rational forms of knowing or beings that seem to underpin the traditional ideas of a university.
His first critical stance is talking about pre-Bauhaus work. This causes a number of problems. It creates 'middle of the road' work and idealizes a 'golden age' of art, rejecting the contemporary and academically combining historical elements to form new art. It causes prefect proportion, so there is no distortion and no emphasis on originality. There was also a focus on the 'ideal form' and peculiarities/flaws of a subjects form is alien to our thinking. Spencer explained that the core thing to take from this is that Elkins sees this as academic, with too much theory and educational practice.
In the last 1700s-1850, Romanticism came into play. Uniformity was rejected and people actually looked for special qualities and particular talents. Categories were rejected and there was an impact on contemporary art schools. There was still a loose/free investigation of meaning (not analytic precision) and it was still pleased that artists should not be independent of the state. It was thought that tutors should cultivate student individuality and shouldn't comfort to stylistic norms. Also the idea of individual subjectivity troubles the idea that art can be taught beyond technique there were no universal rules/nothing to have in common.
Spencer then moved onto to talking about conversations and how student and tutor discussions are very rarely allowed to continue to the end. They are seen as a way of not coming to terms with a range of fundamental difficulties- a way of acknowledging complex issues. The low level intensity of these sessions and the short duration allows people to continue on with their work. We looked at 'art as an open concept' (Morris Weitz). This is where art endlessly changes and transforms. It can absorb and is theorized. It can grow and things can be mixed and matched. Each medium is its own message.
We started to look at theories and how in the context of art, commitment, passion and responsiveness are important to teaching. Spencer said that art can be taught but no one is quite sure how this can be done. He stressed that environment and relationship are both important factors. Art can be taught but so few people who are taught become really outstanding artists. In fact, it would seem that more famous artists actually dropped out of institutions. Sensitivity to perception, technique, professional practice, criticism, theory and philosophy are all things that can be taught for sure. After 1933 there is more overlap between disciplines. We have this at Huddersfield University which can be seen in this departmental lecture, where everyone from different disciplines have been brought together,
Some of the key practitioners that Spencer drew our attention to were John Dewey, Gilbert Syle, Deleuze, Donald A. Schon and Micheal Polanyi.
Affect Theory
November 1, 2014 § Leave a comment
In this lecture we looked at affect theory and more specifically Melarkey, Spinoza, Jameson and Massumi's takes on affect.
My notes…
Affect theory- 01/12/14
Lots of theorists who look at affect theory are also really interested in subjectivity of time.
Theorist John Mellarky
- Framed a set of experiments
- 15 minutes of intercut segments of the born trilogy- hyperkinetic
- Interspaced with a 7 hour film- santango- (the film is like going from hot to cold over an extended period of time)
- Cinema is a screen of perception
Affect theory reader- recent text
- The affect or affective turn
- It is just saying what is happening in this age
Bruce Spinoza's writing is dry and geometric- writing about human qualities.
Writing in a time religion was foregrounded but it was also being attacked- people were pulling away from religion + contemplating about religion and what is a god
- You can't know much about the fundamental nature of the world…
- Double aspect theory- god or nature- either way we are thinking of one fundamental
Affect as embodied force that influences the mind
- Psychology and philosophy intertwined
- Spinoza thinks of the world as one big thing- the separation between things becomes problematic for him
- If you have the thought that the world is one thing then everything is intertwined- holistic view
[Spinoza insists on the relation between affect + cognition (though)]
That idea that a film can have an affect- 'media' theories derived from this tradition- focus upon imitation (mimesis)
Music- is distinguished by its imitation of human action
Tragedy- imitates actions, which excite pity and fear
- Affect in relation to post-modernity
- Jameson- says affect is used in modernity
- Stuff is formed out of material affects
Brian Massumi- rejects Jameson- suggesting post-modern belief has waned- but not affect
No theoretical/cultural vocabulary specific to affect- he suggests our condition, if anything is characterised by a surfeit of it.
(tries to create some of his on vocabulary for it)
Can Art Be Taught?
October 27, 2014 § Leave a comment
In this lecture with spencer we discussed James Elkins- types of knowing and whether art can be taught… I didn't Write a lot on this lecture but I found it really intestine.
My notes…
Spencer Roberts- 27/10/14
Can art be taught?
James Elkins and types of knowing
-Sees artistic knowledge and understanding as the best knowledge you can have but completely impractical outside of a studio
(What becomes really important in a crit session- is about finding a balance- cant look at it rationally- people shouldn't look at it like a rational conversation)
-Why art cant be taught/artists with PhD's
-Freedom in arts education
-Bauhaus- 1919-1933- after 1933 you start to get much more overlap between disciplines
-Studio based conversations don't reach an ultimate end- drift from topic to topic- informal- things related to your work
-Not coming to terms with a range of fundamental difficulties- the conversation somehow reflects what is going on in art itself
Idea that….
- Art as an open concept- art endlessly changes
- Might result in some kind of growth
Context and History of Art and Design Education
October 20, 2014 § Leave a comment
This week with spencer we looked at the context and history of art and design education- how art and design education came to be. we looked a lot at Henri Bergson, John Dewy, Joseph Albers and Eva Hesse along with others…
Context and history of Art & Design
Early 1900s
Henri Bergson
Convinced many thinkers that the processes of immediate experience and intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism ("regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".) and science for understanding reality.
The seemingly stable physical world, the notion of strength of truth and the existence of unchanging morality were all less settled in the face of the new physics, pragmatism (rejection of the idea that the function of thought is to describe, represent, or mirror reality.), biblical criticism and emerging theories of evolutionary transformation and vitalism. ("Living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things")
Example: world trade center protests – political peace and order that democracy thrives on is grounded on the idea that they also radically disagree on things. Voting narrows that choice, but also narrows the perception of disagreement. Filmed in cities all around the world, and had a communal chat which expressed a lack of consensus and unity. Multiplicity. (Unity + disorder)
John Dewey
Critical on top down ordering structures, important for individuals to form experiences, needed an idea of material experiences where people are situated, early 20th century his visions were used as individual, neat ordering on experiences. Fashion your own world, affect change and grow with it. Experience is the fulfillment of an organism in its struggles and achievements in a world of things. It is art in germ. Even in its rudimentary forms, it contains the promise of that delightful perception which is aesthetic experience.
Joseph Albers
Bauhaus – Germany
Central place for design thinking, linked to building and construction, technical college with a strong arts agenda because of experimental methods in teaching, student learning and experience. Interested with the architectural grid ding and composition, equally interested in hands on, craft culture and experiential view on the world. Disciplinary.
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
Centered on the idea of we are living in a machine age. Taught the aesthetic and communicative properties of materials through which students developed a design sensibility. Directed towards simplicity and elemental expression by reducing variety in nature to basic properties used to create products that had organization and function.
Johannes Itten
Stressed direct interaction with the physical world – he saw the study of nature as above all else a study of the purely material through which his students discovered the inexhaustible wealth of textures and their combinations. Actively engaged their senses through which perception was filtered. Additionally the artist claimed that through exercises dealing with materials and materiality 'a new world was discovered.' it ten's was a method mediated by the body, his exercises involved looking closely and intently so as to discover the world anew through sharpened and refined senses.
Josef Albers
How colours interact and act on each other – thinks of them as networks of interacting forces of intensity, a form of multiplicity in colour. Formalized approach when teaching, working with diagrams and theorizing of the practice. Trying to get across the picture of multiplicity. Credited with influencing the movements of geometric abstraction and minimalism developed a perception-based mode of 'colour action.' emphasis the relation between colours and how they work on perception. Dewey's ideas practiced in experiential colour interaction on Albers behalf. "Simultaneous contrast is not just a curious optical phenomenon – it is the very heart of painting." creating 'visual empathy' through which one gained 'the ability to read the meaning of form and order.' disliked expressionism.
Black mountain college – USA
Liberal arts college with a very strong arts agenda; had a very free approach to education. They had two compulsory courses, philosophy with John Andrew Rice, and materials and form with Josef Albers. John Dewey was actively involved in BMC, and tried to develop the curriculum, tutors and their families mingled with the students; sharing what was available it was more a micro-community. Constructed experience and had a holistic approach to life through regular engagement. BMC were interested the process and not results, so had a much wider and open agenda that the Bauhaus. "Our way of handling facts and ourselves amid the facts is more important than the facts themselves" played a formative role in the definition of an American aesthetic and identity in the arts during the 1950s and 1960s. Trans-disciplinary.
Buckmister Fuller – created his first geodesic dome in 1948
John Cage staged his first work of performance art (first Happening)
Links between the institutions
– Both heavily oriented to experimentation, expressed views and ideas of Dewey and both accepting of materials and form by Josef Albers
– Bauhaus has a stronger formalism environment, attraction to universal principles and to design. Arts united through principle
– BMC is more open environment, less structural aims. Stronger attachment to material culture; embrace of popular culture, runs with an art agenda, cares about the production of signs not the end.
Eva Hesse
She loved Albers formalism, dogmatism and overbearingness. Learnt in terms of experimental practice, doesn't include much colour deliberately to avoid association, produced informal materialistic work spurred by materialistic practices that Albers recommended. Skewing his method to produce new forms of painting and design. Produces unique perceptions in person's minds. Has a love/hate relationship with Albers.
Inter-disciplinarity, Trans-disciplinarity, Multiplicity and Pluralism
October 13, 2014 § Leave a comment
In this lecture we looked at inter-disciplinarity, trans-disciplinarity, multiplicity and pluralism. Spencer Roberts lectures can sometimes be hard to follow because he clearly loves what he teaches and talks really fast so that he can fit everything in but also because he just goes wherever his brain takes him to.
Multiplicity – a large number/variety
- Concepts that are prominent in contemporary theory around art and design, and concepts that have interesting historical lineage.
- Where do they originate?
- How do they transform as culture transforms?
Cultures are incredibly complex; they are very layered and have lots of different relationships between groups and people. Layers of difference and pockets of identity formed in a messy cultural condition where there is a lot of competition and lots of different ways to access and accept information and truth.
Modernism was massively interested in experimenting and the introduction of novel and new things.
Early 20th century, growing sense that things are not straightforward anymore. There is no complete accepted idea of the world being provided through research and people start to think that things are more complex and the introduction of this theory (small pockets of order; within a much bigger pocket of disorder) generated many different reactions. For modernists it was a breath of fresh air; knowing there is not a fixed way of going about things, the language of the multiple started to blossom; individual, subjective takes on things.
For some this was an opportunity, for others there was a reactionary response, which induced vertigo and was confronted by massive radical difference, which was pretty frightening.
Henry Adams
- Henry Adams publicizes his worries about this new model of complexity; he's worried and anticipating the onset of ww1, he's nervous that the sense of unity; which is easy in a climate of certainty, will dissipate.
- Adams presents multiplicity as small pieces by individuals trying to make sense of problems and puzzles.
Example – ww1 trench fighting encourages multiple forms of experience in a large group but the idea of coordinating such diversity is a struggle.
Gertrude Stein (modernist, fictional author)
William James – stream of consciousness (Pragmatism)
- People have varied sense of time or temporal, in whatever situation you are in time can go quickly or be drawn out, the stream of consciousness writers try to present a spectrum of multiple positioned planes in time one may consider which gives a sense of the fragmentation in complexity. Another thing is the intensity of experiences. Modernist writers played on this; conjuring particular experiences and sensation through wordplay and experimental forms of writing but in some sense drive the ownership of your thoughts, whether you make your own, or you take on the writer's and rise from them.
Pragmatism – an approach that evaluates theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.
Example – production of crystals is a product of multiple lines of causation over time and specific constraints (restrictions). Each design perfectly expresses not only one of the universe's collections (environment) in a specific interval of time but also the crystals own particular historical trajectory within it (it's path). A crystal is literally the product of time; in it is growth and design.
Multiplicity brings a pluralistic vision of truths, goods and beauties. – Atheism, anomalies in science, moves away from sovereign individual and towards an idea of the social self. Where the cultural elite had maintained the beautiful as spiritual, universal, and moral. Many artists and critics rejected the old precepts, forging new versions of beauty that were at times plebeian. Contingency, multiple causation and indeterminism
John Dewey
- Thought we needed new models of teaching and learning but we are grounded in experience. Interested in the process of making things but doesn't like applying pre-existent categories.
- Actively learning strategies are important in structuring how somebody has an intelligent education. Tries to contrast intelligence with reason, saying reason is embedded in old models of thinking and wanted to cultivate an intelligent model of thinking, saying you're in a complex situation and have to work with the materials given to generate an assessment of what to do.
- Interested in communication and developing coherent sense of space in the world. The have a proper theory of experience, trying to counter an early notion of multiplicity; anything to be an experience it has to have a kind of order, but that's something a person structures through their dealings. A continuity developing alongside sensation, yet factoring in the experience of a situation.
- Both multiplicity and ordering of experience, but a subjective one saying it's shareable.
Pluralism – a condition or system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist.
Agonistic pluralism – culture is seen as growing, perpetual conflict. Activists, who design on the margin, highlight pockets of disorder and conflict.
– Mass meetings (disorder) appealing against the building of the world trade Centre's, never being resolved (no political solution)
– Million dollar blocks – looking at the background of prisoners, tower blocks, which costs over a million dollars a year for upkeep. Pinpointed a hot, conflicted problem asking how to deal with it, showing it visually, and generating solutions and re-directing flow of people and morals. Intensive, social thermodynamics influences the connection between pluralism and political and social conflict.
Spencer Robert's Introduction
October 6, 2014 § Leave a comment
In the first lecture that we and with spencer we looked at the timetable for the future weeks in the lecture series and he also talked us though the subjects a little, this was good because it is nice to have in idea of where we will be going.
Lecture series- Spencer Roberts- 06/10/14
- Looking into the relationships between art and design
- How does art and design fit into the institution
- All art and design got lumped together under the category of visual arts, when it was first being accepted in the educational institutions- when the arts were allowed into education
- Lots of overlapping disciplines with that many people with a varied range of interests were put together
- Lots of overlapping interests but also very different processes
- Lots of emphasis on collaboration.
- Week 2- 14/10/14- Inter-disciplinarity, Trans-disciplinarity, Multiplicity and Pluralism
- Week 3- 20/10/14- Context of history and art and design education
- Week 4- 27/10/14- Types of knowing: can art and design be taught
- Week 5- 03/11/14- The 'problem' of research in art and design
- Week 6- 10/11/14- Workshop week
- Week 7- 17/11/14- The art-orientated critique of the application of design research methods and generic research methods to art-orientated contexts
- Week 8- 24/11/14- Arte-povera, modernism and material practice (second wave of PBR)
All about complexity-/ narrative focuses on experience (experiential forms of arguments.
- Week 9- 01/12/14- Art network theory and mode to research
- Week 10- 8/12/14- The discourse of objects in art, design, curatorship and research
- Week 11- 15/12/14- Summary: understanding the affective turns in educational and research contexts.


text:
- Analogy
Introduction : If the relationship between one pair of words is similar to another pair of words then we say that both the pair of words is analogous to each other. In simple words, the relationship between two words must be same for other words associated with them too.
For Example -Devotee: Temple and Patient: Hospital is a parallel pair of words because they have similar kind of relationship between them. As devotees go to temple; patients go to hospital.
Note - In this section we have to analyze the relationship between two given pairs and find the relationship between other two pairs among which one is given in the question and other one will be present in the options.
Types of Analogy
Analogy can be categorized into following two types -
Words Analogy
Number Analogy
Word analogy again can be reclassified into following two sections -
Meaningful Words
Non- Meaningful Words
Kinds of Word Relationship- First find the relationship between the two given words and once you find that, go for finding the similar relationship word for the asked word from the given options.
Opposite Relationship : If two given pairs are opposite in meaning to each other, similar kind of relationship has to chosen for the question pair from the given options.
For Example - Kinetic : Potential, Fat : Thin
Synonymous Relationship - The two words of the question pairs are similar in meaning and that relationship has to be found among the words given in the answer choice word pair.
For Example -Huge : Big, Slim : Thin
Cause and Effect - Here if one word will be the cause then other will be its effect.
Fire : Death, Fasting : Starvation
Worker and Article Relationship
Here the relationship is about the maker or producer with its production.
For Example -Writer : Novel, Artist : Painting
Worker and Tool Relationship- Relationship is among a particular class of people and the tools used by them.
For Example -Student : Pen,
DTP Operator : Computer
Tool and Object Relationship -It describes the relationship between the tool and its corresponding object.
Paint : Wall, Knife : Vegetables
Number Analogy - There will be certain relationship among the first two numbers. We have to find that and accordingly solve the question.
For Example -
Question - 4:8:: 16:
Answer - Option C
Explanation - Here either 4 + 4 = 8 or 4 × 2 = 8. Following the similar fashion, our answers should be either 16 + 4 = 20 or 16 + 16 = 32.
As 20 is not there but 32 is there, hence it is the correct answer.
Similarly some other similar kinds of analogies are -
Whole and part analogy
Intensity relationship
Classification relationship
Functional analogy
Gender analogy
Sequential analogy
Quantity and unit analogy
Utility analogy
Symbolic analogy
Association analogy
Age analogy
Characterization analogy etc
- General Mental Ability - Model Questions
- Directions to Solve
A good way to figure out the relationship in a given question is to make up a sentence that describes the relationship between the first two words. Then, try to use the same sentence to find out which of the answer choices completes the same relationship with the third word.
1. Odometer is to mileage as compass is to
A. speedB. hiking
C. needleD. direction
Answer: D
Explanation: An odometer is an instrument used to measure mileage. A compass is an instrument used to determine direction. Choices a, b, and c are incorrect because none is an instrument.
2. Marathon is to race as hibernation is to
A. winterB. bear
C. dreamD. sleep
Answer: D
Explanation: A marathon is a long race and hibernation is a lengthy period of sleep. The answer is not choice a or b because even though a bear and winter are related to hibernation, neither completes the analogy. (Choice c) is incorrect because sleep and dream are not synonymous.
3. Window is to pane as book is to
A. novelB. glass
C. coverD. page
Answer: D
Explanation: A window is made up of panes, and a book is made up of pages. The answer is not (choice a) because a novel is a type of book. The answer is not (choice b) because glass has no relationship to a book. (Choice c) is incorrect because a cover is only one part of a book; a book is not made up of covers.
4. Cup is to coffee as bowl is to
A. dishB. soup
C. spoonD. food
Answer: B
Explanation: Coffee goes into a cup and soup goes into a bowl. Choices a and c are incorrect because they are other utensils. The answer is not choice d because the word food is too general.
5. Yard is to inch as quart is to
A. gallonB. ounce
C. milkD. liquid
Answer: B
Explanation: A yard is a larger measure than an inch (a yard contains 36 inches). A quart is a larger measure than an ounce (a quart contains 32 ounces). Gallon (choice a) is incorrect because it is larger than a quart. Choices c and d are incorrect because they are not units of measurement.
6. Elated is to despondent as enlightened is to
A. awareB. ignorant
C. miserableD. tolerant
Answer: B
Explanation: Elated is the opposite of despondent; enlightened is the opposite of ignorant.
7. Optimist is to cheerful as pessimist is to
A. gloomyB. mean
C. pettyD. helpful
Answer: A
Explanation: An optimist is a person whose outlook is cheerful. A pessimist is a person whose outlook is gloomy. The answer is not (choice b) because a pessimist does not have to be mean. (Choices c) and d are incorrect because neither adjective describes the outlook of a pessimist.
8. Reptile is to lizard as flower is to
A. petalB. stem
C. daisyD. alligator
Answer: C
Explanation: A lizard is a type of reptile; a daisy is a type of flower. Choices a and b are incorrect because a petal and a stem are parts of a flower, not types of flowers. (Choice d) is incorrect because an alligator is another type of reptile, not a type of flower.
9. Play is to actor as concert is to
A. symphonyB. musician
C. pianoD. percussion
Answer: B
Explanation: An actor performs in a play. A musician performs at a concert. Choices a, c, and d are incorrect because none is people who perform.
10. Sponge is to porous as rubber is to
A. massiveB. solid
C. elasticD. inflexible
Answer: C
Explanation: A sponge is a porous material. Rubber is an elastic material. (Choice a) is incorrect because rubber would not generally be referred to as massive. The answer is not (choice b) because even though rubber is a solid, its most noticeable characteristic is its elasticity. Choice d is incorrect because rubber has flexibility.
11. Careful is to cautious as boastful is to
A. arrogantB. humble
C. joyfulD. suspicious
Answer: A
Explanation: Careful and cautious are synonyms (they mean the same thing). Boastful and arrogant are also synonyms. The answer is not (choice b) because humble means the opposite of boastful. The answer is not choice c or d because neither means the same as boastful.
12. Pen is to poet as needle is to
A. threadB. button
C. sewingD. tailor
Answer: D
Explanation: A pen is a tool used by a poet. A needle is a tool used by a tailor. The answer is not choice a, b, or c because none is a person and therefore cannot complete the analogy.
13. Secretly is to openly as silently is to
A. scarcelyB. impolitely
C. noisilyD. quietly
Answer: C
Explanation: Secretly is the opposite of openly, and silently is the opposite of noisily. Choices a and b are clearly not the opposites of silently. (Choice d) means the same thing as silently.
14. Embarrassed is to humiliated as frightened is to
A. terrifiedB. agitated
C. courageousD. reckless
Answer: A
Explanation: If someone has been humiliated, they have been greatly embarrassed. If someone is terrified, they are extremely frightened. The answer is not choice b because an agitated person is not necessarily frightened. Choices c and d are incorrect because neither word expresses a state of being frightened.
15. Pride is to lion as shoal is to
A. teacherB. student
C. self-respectD. fish
Answer: D
Explanation: A group of lions is called a pride. A group of fish swim in a shoal. Teacher (choice a) and student (choice b) refer to another meaning of the word school. The answer is not (choice c) because self-respect has no obvious relationship to this particular meaning of school.
పెళ్లి సంబంధం కోసం వెతుకుతున్నారా?... అందుకు సరైన వేదిక'ప్రజాశక్తి పెళ్లిపుస్తకం'. వెంటనే రిజిస్టర్ చేసుకోండి - రిజిస్ట్రేషన్ ఉచితం


text:
NY4G - Ham Radio, QRP and Summits On The Air
Sunday, February 3, 2013
Finally Got QRP DXCC
Well here it is sitting on my shack box. The shack box has a new addition. The KX3 is connected to the Hardrock 50 amplifier which puts out 50 watts or more with about 3 watts drive. I actually had not published any photos of the KX3 till now. It was built as a kit by me in August of 2012.
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text:
Wow! Improv for speaking and presentations, how cool is that? Click here to view the page and register. This event sold out in a week when we ran it in April, so register now!
Learn Improv skills and see your whole speaking style improve! You'll learn how to become an authentic, engaging, spontaneous, bold speaker with radical confidence! This session is for you if...
- You get nervous (or maybe terrified!) thinking about presentations
- You feel like you know your stuff but you're not getting speaking gigs because you're not confident in your value as a speaker
- You have "great content" but your audience never seems to "get it" (hint: the problem is not the audience)
- You want to have FUN with speaking and ENJOY it
- You're willing to invest time, energy, and some introspection to make your speaking skills outstanding


text: Lauren Faust's early design of Twilight shared a similar color scheme and cutie mark to the G1 pony Twilight, who appeared in the pilot episodeRescue at Midnight Castle. Twilight Sparkle's color scheme was later changed to that of the G3 Earth pony Twilight Twinkle, with slightly different mane and tail; Twilight Sparkle was called Twilight Twinkle in early scripts for the show.[1] G1 Twilight teleports by wishing, and Twilight Twinkle likes to watch fireflies; Twilight Sparkle shares both aspects of both of these ponies, with her ability to teleport and her occasional stargazing. Though she is much more studious and possesses more powerful magical abilities, she also shares a number of personality traits with Wind Whistler, such as her tendency to rely on logic rather than instincts and her habit of using more advanced and technical terms. Voice: Tara Strong.


text:
In spite of the differences people may choose who their intimate friend can be. They don't finded importatn whether friends different from they or similar to they, because a real friend isn't compared with this standarts.
A real friend must stay beside you dispite differences.
As to me I have got a lot of friends who are different from me and also there are some who are similar to me.
I don't care about it, because all people in the world are different from each other, they have their own way of thinking, various threats of character, fellings.
- Posted in: English


text:
This event is co-hosted with the Southwest Florida Chamber of Commerce, Fifth Third Bank, and the Florida SBDC – Click on the image below to register.
Wednesday, September 16th, 2015
The Business of Social Media Followed by Networking
Fifth Third Bank, 2724 Del Prado Blvd., Cape Coral, FL
Complimentary Entrance & Appetizers!
Questions? Call (239) 418-1441


text:
100% Secure Online Payments -- Verified by Visa and MasterCard SecureCode
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text:
Jack Goff has lost his appeal in relation to the collision that took place in the first free practice session at Donington Park this morning.
The MG Triple Eight Racing driver was adjudged to have instigated an incident with Hunter Abbott heading into the final chicane in the opening practice where subsequently contact was made and Abbott's Audi caused a red flag stoppage.
Handed a reprimand and two points on his race licence, Goff and the team appealed the initial decision but that has since been confirmed as being unsuccessful.
Speaking to BTCC Crazy about the incident, Goff said: "I still don't agree with the decision. We are told in the drivers briefing that if a car has his lights on then keep an eye in your mirrors and pull out of the way if you are warming your tyres up.
"I was on a quick lap and I believe Hunter was bedding in his tyres at the time so I was presumed he would stay out of the lap and let me past.
"He admitted to seeing me but still pulled onto the racing line and slowed the car down, ultimately asking for an accident. If it was me I would have backed out of throttle on the back straight. You have to respect the decision of steward but that doesn't mean you have to accept it.
"We will move on now and focus on qualifying."
Turning his attention to qualifying, Goff is realistic as to what can be achieved with 66kgs of success ballast on board his MG6 GT.
He admitted: "If I can get a top ten in qualifying then I would be very happy. It is a big lump of ballast that we are carrying around.
"We are comparing ourselves to Matt Neal, who has the same weight, and we can see by the times that it is very close."
PHOTO CREDIT: Matt Sayle Photography


text:
Scan-Tron Corp. said it posted record earnings for the fiscal year and fourth quarter on strong sales of academic test forms and scoring machines.
Full-year net income hit $2.8 million, up 29% from the $2.2 million posted for fiscal 1985. Revenue for the year ended June 30 was up 32% to $25.7 million from $19.5 million last year.
The Tustin company said its fourth-quarter net income rose to $1.2 million from $903,000. Revenue was $7.8 million, up from $6.6 million.
John T. Saunders, Scan-Tron's president and chief executive, attributed much of the sales growth in scoring equipment to purchases by elementary schools and schools at all levels with smaller student populations. Sales of the company's hospital menu tallying equipment--a small but fast-growing aspect of Scan-Tron's business--also contributed to the record earnings, he said.


text: Any kind of extreme skin Acne Is Not Hard To Treat Skin acne is an exceptionally regular issue that happens and vanishes with time. When this skin issue gets to be inflexible and leaves scars for quite a while, we call it serious skin acne. We as often as possible witness pimple on the skin that remaining parts for a brief timeframe and leaves all alone, however it doesn't generally happen on account of skin break out. At times, the size and effect of skin acne is severe to the point that its casualties are harmed inwardly. The endless breakouts of rankle like skin break out causes scar on skin. In spite of the fact that there are a few medicines accessible for a wide range of extreme skin acne, however the careful causes behind its breakout are still indistinct. Conceivable reasons for serious skin acne problem: By and large, serious or cystic skin acne is a hereditary condition. It can happen because of overactive oil organs, overabundance of microbes, disease and aggravated pimple. Mental anxiety, absence of nutritious components in the body, hormonal aggravation and outside contamination could likewise bring about serious skin acne, however nobody element can be solidly found out for the issue. Serious skin acne can undoubtedly be recognized as it gets to a great degree red and profound skin acne sores called pimples leave durable scars on skin. The intense skin aggravation takes away the excellence of skin and your skin can assist swell in the contact of compound components. Prevent body skin acne through way of life changes Sorts of serious skin acne: All types of serious skin acne can be ordered into four classes according to their temperament and effect on the skin. These four sorts of extreme skin break out are: 1. Nodulocystic skin acne issues The type of nodulocystic skin break out is essentially signified by the redness or kindled blisters of skin. It causes red knocks loaded with discharge that feels exceptionally excruciating when squeezed. There can be one or a gathering of knocks that resemble a cystic group. The territory of knocks can be up to a couple of centimeters and its effect could be on different body parts like face, back, shoulder, neck and mid-section. 2. Conglobata skin acne This sort of skin break out is ceaseless in nature that influences men more regularly than ladies. Individuals in their 20s and 30s witness this skin issue that most likely begins with pimples and after that deteriorates with skin aggravation and diseases. In some cases, the already treated skin break out happens again as conglobata skin break out and afterward it causes more profound scar. Some regular indications of conglobata skin acne problem include: • Skin redness and profound scar • Break out of clogged pores on upper arm zone, face and neck • Small knocks loaded with discharge Treatment of serious skin acne: Topical treatment is extremely prominent to analyze cystic skin acne. It is totally regular, safe, and moderate.


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Samuel Lundsten
I am not finished with the conceptual stage because i want to get the most out of my character. I do not know what is possible/impossible yet with unity engine, So i will just post the progress of my conceptual art.
The one marked with red is the general direction i am heading.
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text: It's hard enough adulting without the added stress of maintaining a spotless household. Instead of wasting the days away scouring the floors and pressing the sheets (who has time for that anyway?), we could be enjoying life and having fun. We've discovered the top cleaning tricks to save you time and energy around the house, with your star sign's strengths and weaknesses in mind. Find out how astrology can help you keep a clean house with ease!


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Mr. Kelly
A very good teacher,helps all his students.. and very professional :)................................................
Very professional teacher, really puts alot of effort and preparation into his classes. Really enjoyed his classes
absolutely brilliant teacher... makes english a very interesting language... he respects you if you respect him...
brilliant teacher... very fair... one of the few good teachers in that dump of a school.
Excellent teacher. I had him for french and really enjoyed his classes. Going to france this summer and will be digging up my notes from his class.
Dead sound, and a great english teacher. He's strict but fair.
Excellent teacher although not the best in the school....did let one of the lads of detention cos he had to study coming up to exams though which was sound
Too good of a teacher for St.Mureadachs, best teacher by a mile!
An outstanding fellow with enormous ability. A very considerate person and superb educator. The bench mark against which to judge all others.
Best teacher in the skool he makes english enjoyable
Tough but fair. An excellent teacher who goes above the call of duty to help his students. Truely cares about his work. the best teacher in the school!
The man is a superb educator, and a thoroughly decent and helpful fellow to boot. Any objective assessment of teacher quality rates him at the top of the pile.
Any man who can make Shakespeare exciting to a class of 16/17 year old boys knows what he is doing. Top teacher and good guy.
Very clear and concise. Extremely helpful. Keep up the good work, Lenny!
He made English interesting to me, which before i couldn't stand it. Good guy
I'm gonna go with the general consensus. Probably the best teacher in the school.
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Will be lucky to get all the poetry covered before June, as for French, Je ne sais pas, you'll probably think im a dinosaur for saying this!
best teacher at anything in the school without a doubt.
Fantastic Teacher, I have him 10 times a week, and enjoy every class.
Probably one of the best English teachers in the country.


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Ask the Concierge
How do I get to the hotel?
From the airport to the hotel, one can opt to travel either by public transport with bus number X3 or by taxi. Taxis can be pre-booked with the hotel or from the taxi stand at the airport's arrivals lounge.
You can check the best rates for your dates by using the "Make a Reservation" button in the top right-hand corner of your screen. Alternatively, you can browse our offers and experiences. Please note rates change subject to date.
How do I get around in Malta?
One can use the public buses (a bus stop is situated just outside the Hotel) taxis and car hire. We also offer an excellent courtesy bus which regularly runs to the Capital City of Valletta, Sliema, St Julians and the Golf Course. View The Courtesy Bus Schedules.
How far is the Hotel from main attractions?
The Corinthia Palace Hotel & Spa is centrally located in the middle of the island, with only 3km to travel to the medieval city of Mdina and 5km to the capital city Valletta. We offer a complimentary shuttle bus for guests to Valletta each day, which you can book at the front desk during your stay.
How do i make a reservation?
Reservations can be made online by using the "Make a Reservation" button in the top right hand corner of your screen, by telephone or by email as follows: Tel: +356 2370 2370, email: [email protected]
is there a grocer or pharmacy nearby?
There are shops and a pharmacy within 10 minutes' walk of the hotel.
where is the closest atm?
There is an ATM within walking distance of the hotel, please ask at the front desk for directions.
are there restaurants close by?
There are three restaurants located within the hotel: Orange Grove Brasserie, Villa Corinthia and Rickshaw, plus the Summer Kitchen (open in summer only). Alternatively, there are restaurants within ten minutes' walk, or we offer a complimentary shuttle service to Valletta where there are plenty of dining options. Our concierge team will happily arrange reservations and transport, should you wish to dine further afield.
how much is spa membership and can i buy a day pass?
Our day passes are available during the summer season, giving you access to swimming pools and spa facilities. Alternatively, you can use the gym and facilities all year round with a spa membership.
how do i make a reservation at one of your restaurants?
For Villa Corinthia email: [email protected] or call: +356 2544 2181
For Rickshaw email: [email protected] or call: +356 2544 2190
For Orange Grove Brasserie call: +356 2544 2501
For the Summer Kitchen email: [email protected] or call: +356 2544 2738
Where can i find a shopping centre?
Both Valletta and Sliema are shopping hubs and can be reached by means of our courtesy coach or by taxi. Shops are usually open between 9am and 7pm. Shops are not open on Sundays and public holidays except for December. There are open-air markets one day a week in most towns and villages, the largest being the Valletta market and Marsaxlokk (fish) market on Sunday mornings. Major credit cards are accepted at most leading shops and restaurants.
Should you have further questions or need any assistance, feel free to contact us on [email protected] or on +356 2144 0301
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If you think you have a Ny you might be encountering sinus infections, sleep apnea, snoring, repetitive sneezing, nosebleeds and breathing difficulties.
But then in 2010, she told People magazine that she'd undergone plastic surgery for ten distinct things in one day in 2009. She'd brow lifts completed, ear-pinnings, a chin reduction, 2nd rhinoplasty, and bigger beautification set in. Though she nearly died from too much drug, she mentioned that it was totally worthwhile so that she could get these surgeries.
Implants: In conjunction with a breast lift before and after lift, you might need implants to finish off the look. You may have lost so much fat that there is very little breast lift cost tissue made. Additionally, if the skin was stretched too much, only a lift may not give a natural look. Implants will more help raise the breasts and give you back a perky bust line.
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Washington, DC (PRWEB) July 17, 2016
At its 87th Annual National Convention, LULAC will recognize LULAC partners for their critical role in furthering LULAC's mission to advance the economic condition, educational attainment, health and civil rights of the Latino community.
Walmart will be bestowed with the 2016 LULAC National Corporation of the Year award. Walmart's generous support of LULAC has brought health resources to thousands of Latinos nationwide through the Latinos Living Healthy initiative and has provided critical support to thousands of new immigrants through the Hispanic Immigrant Integration Project.
"We are grateful for our strong relationship with LULAC and are honored to receive this award," said Walmart Senior Vice President Lance de la Rosa who leads Operations Transformation for Sam's Club. "We are committed to having a diverse workforce which includes the 200,000 Latino associates who work for our company and to help strengthen the communities where we live and work. We are proud to work alongside LULAC and look forward to continue to make a difference in the lives of Latino families."
The LULAC Corporate Champion of the Year Award will be awarded to Luis Rosero, Director of the Hispanic Business Strategy Group for Toyota North America. During his time at Toyota, Mr. Rosero has been a tireless advocate for the Latino community. Over the past year, he was instrumental in bringing health resources to thousands of residents in Brownsville, Texas as part of LULAC's Latinos Living Healthy: Feria de Salud.
"I'm thankful and humbled to receive LULAC's corporate champion of the year award,"said Luis Rosero, Director of Hispanic Business Strategy Group (HBSG) for Toyota Motors North America. "My personal and professional goal is to continue to support our community as best as I can. As a parent, I want to contribute my share to help the next generation have better opportunities for success."
The United States Department of Agriculture will receive an award for its commitment to diversifying its federal workforce and improving the health and nutrition of the Latino community. The USDA has worked closely with LULAC to support its mission of empowering Hispanics across the country. These efforts have included forming partnerships to promote healthy nutrition in the Latino community and raising awareness about important rural development programs for communities located in the Rio Grande Valley in Texas. Through its partnership with LULAC's Federal Training Institute, the USDA is investing in diversity and sharing critical information for achieving successful government careers at the youth symposium.
"Under the Obama Administration, USDA has made it a priority to ensure our customers are represented in all that we do," said Secretary Vilsack. "From San Juan to San Diego, we've worked hard to expand economic opportunity by boosting tourism to create jobs and expanding homeownership in the Colonias communities along the U.S./Mexico border. We've invested in Hispanic-Serving Institutions to make sure our nation's most talented scholars have a chance to thrive, and we look forward to the contributions they will make to the future of our nation's food security. This award demonstrates just how far we've come since 2009, and I am thankful for the support of our partners at LULAC."
About The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)
The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) is the nation's largest and oldest civil rights volunteer-based organization that empowers Hispanic Americans and builds strong Latino communities. Headquartered in Washington, DC, with over 1,000 councils around the United States and Puerto Rico, LULAC's programs, services and advocacy address the most important issues for Latinos, meeting critical needs of today and the future. For more information, visit http://www.LULAC.org.


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The piano, along with the guitar, is another excellent tool for writing songs (as you probably already know if you're checking out this page!). A stringed keyboard musical instrument, the piano is used for individual performances, but is also a very convenient aid for songwriting, composing and rehearsal. Digital and electric pianos have taken this to the next logical level, creating portable versions of these instruments that are, if not exactly easy to transport, at least possible to carry along with you.
Below are locations where you can purchase digital pianos, portable pianos and synths along with their related gear. There are often specials and discounts available, as well as free shipping over a certain amount of dollars spent.
Musician's Friend is one of the premier suppliers of digital pianos on the market today. You can Shop by Brand, visit their Clearance Center, and they have Free Shipping on Most Orders Over $99. Alternatively, you could visit their piano specific section to see what they have in the way of digital pianos. Most well-known brands of digital pianos and other piano gear are located here:
Or your could find whatever you happen to be looking for through this handy search function:
I'll also be adding educational products for the piano as I come across them (feel free to email me if you would like to suggest some!) but for now, here are some locations that offer courses where you can improve your songwriting and musicianship in general:
Find Schools Online - Music Degrees | Berkleemusic.com | SongU.com
And below, is some information you may not have known about the piano's history - just for interest's sake. It's always nice to know more about what you're playing, isn't it?
History of the PianoPianos are a distant relation of the very first piano called a pianoforte. Based on centuries of work on the harpsicord and the clavicord, the first modern piano was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori of Florence, Italy in 1709. From then on, the piano has evolved into a sophisticated instrument that can be used everywhere from the home, schools, local pubs to music and concert halls. In the 1980s, piano technology took a huge jump with the invention of the digital piano. Portable, compact and capable of being integrated with the computer, the digital piano has become a songwriter's tool of choice.
Using a similar case structure, soundboard, bridge, and keyboard, Cristfori's piano was the first design to use a hammer and lever action. This action allowed the hammers to strike the string and return to their original rest position without any violent bouncing. This revolutionized piano design in that it allowed the user to change the intensity of sound using a stronger or weaker touch of the fingers. Later designs by Gottfried Silbermann in the 1730s added what was basically the forerunner of the modern damper pedal (also known as the sustaining pedal or loud pedal), which could lift all the dampers from the strings at once.
In the age of Bach and Mozart, the Silbermann pianos dominated piano design until the Industrial Revolution. With the invention of things like high quality steel for the strings, and precision casting for the production of iron frames, pianos took on took on a new form. By 1820, these structural changes allowed for an increase in the tonal range of the piano from five to seven octaves. A year later, Sébastien Érard introduced the double escapement action, which became the standard action for all future grand pianos. Since the early days of the piano, numerous improvements were and are still being made in piano design and construction. Today, some of the most respected piano manufactures include Baldwin and Steinway. Some of the most popular digital pianos today include those from Yamaha, Roland and Canon.
Kinds of PianosPianos are decended of the harpsichord and the clavicord. While the harpsichord produces sound by plucking a string with a quill or similar tool, the clavichord makes sound by striking a string with a tangent which remains in contact with the string. The piano creates sound by using felt hammers to strike a steel string and leaving the string to vibrate freely. Once these vibrations are generated, they are transferred though the bridges to the soundboard.
The modern piano comes in two basic configurations: the grand and upright piano. In a grand piano, the frame and strings are placed horizontally, with the strings extending away from the keyboard. This makes it a rather a large instrument which requires a spacious room with high ceilings for proper resonance. The smaller baby grand piano is often chosen for domestic use where space is limited. Upright pianos, also called vertical pianos, are more compact because the frame and strings are placed vertically, extending in both directions from the keyboard and hammers.
Digital PianosDigital pianos have been available since the 1980s. They use digital sampling technology to reproduce the sound of each piano note. The best digital pianos are sophisticated devices, with features ranging from working pedals, weighted keys, multiple voices and MIDI interfaces. The digital piano doesn't have the same look and feel of a traditional piano, but has many other advantages while maintaining useability. They are not as expensive, big or as heavy as a traditional piano. They don't need to be tuned. You can use them to create several different piano timbres. They incorporate MIDI implementation and because they're at least somewhat portable, they can assist you in the songwriting process. Digital pianos also come with headphones, making it possible to play in situations where noise is not allowed. They often come with a transposition feature. They do not require the use of microphones, eliminating the problem of audio feedback in sound reinforcement, as well as simplifying the recording process.
If you have a digital piano or musical instrument that you'd like to promote, feel free to contact me so that we can talk about it.
Musical Instruments Main PageElectric & Acoustic Guitars|Digital Pianos|Recording Equipment