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Exhaustion is simply part of the issue, though. As it Causes an excessive amount of stress and you don't find enough sleep as you want to finish all the homework you become. Because of the terrific danger thought of as true from chemtrails a lot of people are asking what can be done in order to combat the effects of the trails and to eliminate them. It was the start of 70-ties.
Homework is a significant portion of studies which help kid to comprehend and study far better. It often creates a family battleground. Doing homework is also an excellent method to come up with responsibilities. Certainly, inappropriate homework may create little if any benefitit might even decrease student achievement. An excessive amount of homework can bring about stress and other health troubles. It can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind. It can encourage cheating because children end up copying off one another in an attempt to finish all their assignments.
A better strategy is to make certain that teachers use homework effectively. Students simply want to find homework over and done with. They receive too much homework. It helps students apply the things that they have learned outside the classroom. It also gives students with the chance to practice at what is necessary to be prosperous in school.
Only a small percentage will wind up having the ability to open a shop. In an attempt to decrease that stress, an increasing number of schools are banning homework. Don't forget, get documentation in the event you got audited. Because what is reported to be absolute isn't restricted to any specific time frame.
There isn't any manner of actually defining anything. It's always advisable to forego the net with your teeth. It is reasonable to do this with different parents, he states. That fact isn't something we will allow to get ignored. THOSE WHO CAN't DEFINE, JUST WHINE!
Inevitably, parents are called upon in order to provide help. They are often under a lot of pressure, so trying to find the time to work on projects can be a big ask. A parent can ensure it is right and all set for youngster so the kid finds it simple to do his homework. It also gives parents with an insight. This way all parents are likely to do is encourage their youngster's independent growth despite their involvement. In reality the most important point of homework, is the fact that it helps your child reinforce the things that they have done in school and if they are younger, provides an opportunity for parents to participate in their learning too. A child who's known to finish his homework regularly is reported to be academically best.
Because nobody really does not find out what exactly you require, we'll gladly deal with your life path. The advantages of our papers is actually a brief prose, it still ought to have a solitary paper is also vital to find out the academic activity. Actually, it might even diminish interest in learning, states Kohn.
Mail US - Support or skypeUser Copyright 2016edu-reviews High school rating


text: coffeemaker print i love coffee. love. not need. i'm not an addict; i'm a fan. i make small, strong cups and i sip at them slowly in the attic while i mastermind such genius projects as "weird sketch of trees." this started as just a regular painting, but i hated it, and so i smushed another piece of paper on top of the original and liked how that looked. April 08, 2010

subset: commoncrawl


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Question:What country is .la ? I saw a strange web site z.la
Answer:Below is a list of all top level domains. You can also use this in your own software projects.


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Telephone: 01952 259 302 for general and rental enquiries, or 0800 916 1444 for Shared Ownership
Set in the vibrant new community of Ketley Millennium Village, near Telford, Rose Manor is a new purpose built development, offering a selection of apartments for over 55s.
Designed to offer comfort, independence and peace of mind, Rose Manor has a dedicated care and support team on-site, enabling you to enjoy your own home and your own way of life.
Available for shared ownership or to rent, the spacious, self-contained one and two bedroom apartments are ideally placed for travel networks. Junction 6 of the M54 is just over a mile away and Telford town centre only three miles away.
Rose Manor has 86 one and two bedroom apartments, including 69 for rent and 17 for shared ownership. Each apartment has a lounge, fully equipped kitchen with white goods, and bathroom with level access shower. Fully carpeted, you're free to furnish your home as you choose. With lifts to all floors, there is full wheelchair access throughout.
Rose Manor has attractive communal spaces, some of which are open to the public. Facilities include:
We encourage residents to participate in activities at Rose Manor and within the surrounding community.
Socialise when you want to, meet new people, or try something new. From exercise classes and lunches to quizzes, clubs and days out, there's something for everyone.
Rose Manor also has a games room, which residents are free to use for playing cards, board games or other self-organised activities.
At Sanctuary, we pride ourselves on employing the best staff and have stringent recruitment procedures in place. Any care you choose to receive from Sanctuary will be registered with the Care Quality Commission (CQC), the independent regulator of health and social care in England.
Sanctuary has Investors in People status, a standard recognised as the benchmark of how a business can improve performance through its people.
Whether you currently have a care need or are simply planning for the future - if you are 55 or over and reside in, or have a family connection to the local area, you will be eligible for an apartment.
Retirement Living is a way of life, giving you the independence you want whilst being safe in the knowledge that, should your needs change over time, we'll be on hand to help as and when you need us.
With a comprehensive range of personal and domestic care and support services, our on-site team can help you at home with anything you need including shopping, laundry, housework, personal care, prescription collection and visits to the dentist, writing letters or sending emails.
For extra peace of mind, your apartment will have an emergency pull cord system that immediately alerts the 24-hour care team that you need assistance.
Please note: Rose Manor may not be suitable if you have been assessed as requiring a substantial amount of regular nursing care/support which cannot be delivered in your own home.
If you would like more information, please contact Rose Manor directly.
We encourage you to discuss your housing options with your family and friends, and to seek independent advice, support and representation as appropriate, from professional statutory and regulatory organsiations such as the Elderly Accommodation Counsel (EAC), Age UK or Citizens Advice.
For directions on how to find us, please insert your postcode or town into the box below and click 'Go' which will take you to Google Maps.


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Pagosa Area Trail Users Roundtable Agenda
PLPOA Clubhouse
Thursday, October 27, 2016
5:30 pm – 7:30 pm
1. Welcome
2. History and purpose of meeting
3. Introductions (10-minutes)
4. Review of action points from April meeting (5-minutes)
* Community tool cache: A check-in/check-out process was implemented including a worksheet to be completed by the user group representative for tool check-in/check-out. Keys were distributed to various user groups with access to the storage unit.
* User group projects and scheduling: Various user groups completed projects but few groups utilized the marketing aspect made available by PATC and the PagosaTrails.org website.
* Trail status reporting system: We were able to keep the trail status page updated through the spring season and there has been tremendous conversation regarding the opportunity to fully expand this information for the community. No trail summaries were provided. This project will continue but at a slower pace than originally hoped.
5. USFS Pagosa updates (10-minutes)
6. Training offerings, additional requests, for 2017 (10-minutes)
* First Aid in the Backcountry (4-hours) – February 9, 2017 – 5p to 9p
* Planning and Implementing a Trail Work Project (4-hours) – March 9, 2017 – 5p to 9p
* Leave No Trace Awareness Workshop (3-hours) – April 13, 2017 – 5p to 8p
* Sustainable Trail Maintenance = Brushing Trail Corridors, Cleaning Drainage Structures Field Practice (1/2 day) – May 6, 2017 – 8a to 1p
* Cross-Cut Training and/or recertification – date to be determined
* Chain Saw Training and/or recertification – date to be determined
7. Public Lands Day – September 24, 2016 (5-minutes)
* 2017 Committee Meeting – November 3, 2016 – 5:30 pm to 7 pm
8. Spring Roundtable meeting – Thursday, April 27th at 5:30 pm
9. New business
* 100-Mile Trail Challenge
* Accepting Letters of Interest – PATC Board – Members-At-Large (Two Vacant Positions)
- The duties of the Members-At-Large shall include attending all meetings of the Board, any special meetings and all general meetings; serve as a voting member on the Board; and assist with all committees and projects as assigned by the President.
Forward Letter of Interest to PATC President, Stacy Boone at firstname.lastname@example.com by December 1st.
10. Adjournment to Potluck Social


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Back to All Events
Earlier Event: November 26Scottish Tea and Chrismas Bazaar
Later Event: November 27Sunday Worship - Reception of New Members
We are people gathered by God from across the National Capital Area to be a witness of Christian hope at the centre of the region.
St. Andrew's Church is part of the Presbyterian Church in Canada.
St. Andrew's Ottawa | 82 Kent Street, Ottawa, ON K1P 5N9, Canada


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David De Cremer is currently the Provost Chair at National University of Singapore (NUS) Business School, where he is also a professor at management and organizations, a fellow at Cambridge Judge Business School, a fellow at St. Edmunds college, and an affiliate researcher at the Cambridge Centre for Social Innovation and Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance. He is also a visiting fellow at the Hoover institution (a public policy think tank), Stanford University (US) and a member of The Justicecollaboratory at Yale Law School, Yale University.
Before moving to Singapore, he was the KPMG endowed professor in management studies at Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
He is the founder of the Erasmus Center of Behavioral Business Ethics at Rotterdam School of Management (the Netherlands) and the LEading Artificial intelligence & Digital management (LEAD) platform. His background is in psychology and economics (nowadays referred to as behavioral economics), and integrating these insights has led him to examine the power of the (biased) human reality across a wide variety of settings, including financial, interpersonal and cultural interactions. He received the honor to become a fellow of the Royal Dutch Academy of Science in 2005. In 2009-2010 he was named the most influential economist in the Netherlands (Top 40 of economists) and in 2016 he was named a Global Top Thought Leader in the area of organizational trust, alongside late management guru Stephen Covey and Richard Edelman (President and CEO of Edelman; publisher of the annual Edelman Trust Barometer).
Professor De Cremer also received an honorary medal from Zhejiang Province (China) recognizing his contributions to Chinese business and society. Click here for the pictures of the honorary ceremony.
He was born in Belgium (Leuven) and has lived and worked in Europe, UK, US, Middle-East and Asia.
Across a wide range of industries, he has contributed to significant executive development and corporate culture initiatives in Europe, the Middle-East and Asia. His consulting clients include, among others, Novartis, AB Inbev, KPMG, Solvay, IBM, Barclays, Rabobank, ING, Cisco, Bayer, Exmar, DSM, and Huawei.
He is a very active researcher and applies the newest discovered insights directly into his consultancy and coaching work. Based on his wealth of research knowledge he contributes regularly to TV and radio business programmes, and writes for popular financial, academic and business magazines like Harvard Business Review. Recently, he received the honor of a personal blog for The European Business Review.
He is also the recipient of several research excellence awards, an associate editor of the Academy of Management Annals, a member of the International Advisory Board of California Management Review and has contributed as a keynote speaker to conferences and symposia all over the world.
Receipt of a visiting professorship at Wenzhou Business School
Scientific Awards
- Recipient British Psychology Society award for "Outstanding Ph.D. thesis in social psychology"
- Recipient Jos Jaspers Early Career award for outstanding contributions to social psychology
- Recipient Comenius European Young Psychologist Award
- Recipient International Society for Justice Research Early Career Contribution Award
Recipient Innovation Research Grant Old style from NWO (Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research) – click here for the news
- Recipient research Fellowship at the J.F. Kennedy School, Harvard University
- Recipient Fellowship Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
Number 1 position in the top-40 of Dutch Economists in 2009-2010
- Elected as Member of the Young Academy of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences
- Recipient of the 2011 ERIM (Erasmus Research Institute of Management; Rotterdam School of Management) "impact on managerial practices" award
- Recipient CEIBS 2013 Research Excellence Award (Shanghai, China)
- Recipient CEIBS 2013 External Academic Honor
- Recipient British Psychology Society mid-career award for significant contributions to the field of social psychology.
- 2016 Global Thought Leader by the Trust Across America – Trust Around the World organization
Recipient of the "The Leadership Quarterly Decennial Influential Article Award 2014" (the award has been given for an article that had and continues to have substantial and significant impact 10 years after it was published)
Recipient of the 2018 Price Waterhouse Cooper (Pwc) award for best business book in Russia.


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Speaker and app developer, Michael Weinberger talks with host Alan Eisenberg on overcoming mental health issues and addiction, leading to his app and life way of "A Plan for Living". Michael Weinberger is a dynamic and inspiring speaker frequently asked to speak on topics including Mindfulness, Coping with Mental Illness and Addiction. Everyone has problems, and Michael teaches individuals how to adjust their mindset to be mindful and grateful for everything their life by applying gratitude, spirituality and mindfulness to their daily lives.
- Michael's "A Plan For Living Website: http://www.aplanforliving.com/
- Michael's Blog: http://www.aplanforliving.com/blog/
Listen on iTunes | Listen on TuneIn | Listen on Blubrry | Listen on Stitcher Radio


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3 days gorilla trekking tour to Bwindi forest National Park in Uganda
3 days gorilla trekking tour to Bwindi Forest Naitonal Park in Uganda offers the lifetime opportunity to see the endangered Mountain Gorillas which cannot be found outside of their natural habitat. Bwindi forest located in the mountainous southwestern region of Uganda is one of the only two mountain gorilla habitats in the world, the other being the Virunga volcano mountain range that is located along the borders of Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Bwindi forest was once a continuous forest connected to the Virungas.
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park has a population of about 380 mountain gorillas which is nearly half of the world's mountain gorilla population, and with as many as 14 gorilla families habituated for tracking the park offers the best opportunity for the popular gorilla trekking tour.
Bwindi gorilla trip specifications:
- Group size: minimum one traveler
- There is an age limit for Gorilla trekking which is 15 years
- There are a limited number of gorilla permits, which is 8 for each Gorilla group on each day, and are issued on first come first serve basis. Endeavor to book for the trip well in advance
- We select the lodges basing on the close proximity to the gorilla trekking briefing points, good views across the Bwindi forest, level of comfort, high stands of hospitality and eco-friendliness.
- The tour itinerary focuses on Gorilla trekking in Bwindi National Park
- Professional driver/tour guide and a 4by4 tour vehicle.
Itinerary for the 3 day Bwindi gorilla trekking tour
Day 1: Transfer from Kampala to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park
The driver/tour guide shall pick you from your hotel in Kampala/Entebbe at 7.00am and depart for Bwindi Impenetrable National Park – a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site that harbors a lot of endemic and endangered wildlife including the Mountain Gorillas. Set out on a scenic drive to south western Uganda, traveling past local communities, road side local markets, farmlands, long-horned cattle, sprawling grassy hills and steep terraced highlands, thick forests, etc… You shall have a lunch stop in Mbarara before proceeding to Bwindi arriving in the late afternoon. Check in at your lodge for dinner and overnight.
* Journey time: 7 hours
* Meal plan: Lunch, Dinner
* Accommodations:
Luxury: Buhoma Lodge
Mid-range: Buhoma Community Haven Lodge
Budget: Buhoma Community Rest Camp
Day 2: Gorilla Trekking in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park
Wake up early for breakfast at 6.30am. The lodge shall provide you with packed lunch and you then transfer to the park offices, getting there by 7.30am. Do not forget to carry a rain coat and drinking water! On reaching the park office, the guide shall register your Gorilla permit details with the park authority. You are then allocated a Gorilla group you shall track, meet the ranger guides who are to lead the trek, they brief about the Gorilla trek providing you with the do and don'ts while in the forest and in company of the Gorillas. You may hire a porter for only USD10 to carry your backpack and offer some assistance during the strenuous trek. By 8.00am, transfer to the start point of the trek and off into the thick forest, aptly named 'impenetrable', to the look for the Mountain Gorillas! The trek could take from a few minutes to several hours before finding the Mountain Gorillas. Spend up to one hour observing and taking pictures of these incredible primates as they go about their businesses while almost being totally unbothered by your presence. It is an experience like no other! After this memorable encounter, return to the park offices to pick your Mountain Gorilla tracking certificates, and then return to the lodge. Spend the rest of the day in the comfort of the lodge and rest while enjoying the beautiful views across the lush greenery Bwindi Forest. Dine and overnight.
* Meal plan: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Day 3: Bwindi Impenetrable National Park – Kampala
After breakfast check out and depart for Kampala. You shall make a lunch stop in Mbarara town. After you have left Mbarara town, you drive along Lake Mburo National Park which is situated along the highway in Kiruhura District. The driver shall reduce the driving speed for a chance to observe some wildlife which may have come closer to the road. Common sightings include Zebras and Impalas. Continue and make another stopover at the Uganda Equator for some picture moments and purchase some crafts at the local craft shops there. Thereafter proceed to Kampala and be dropped off at your hotel.
Meal plan: Breakfast, Lunch
Tour Inclusions
- Gorilla permit (USD 600)
- Transport- tour vehicle, driver guide, fuel
- Full board accommodation for 2 nights
- All meals
- Bottled water
Tour exclusions
- Porter fees
- Gratitude and tipping
- Personal travel insurance
- Souvenirs and other curios shop purchases
- Phone bills, laundry and other personal expenditures
- Alcoholic drinks such as beers, wines, and spirits


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Rick Ross released his new single 'Florida Boy' featuring T-Pain and Kodak Black earlier this month which is the first single off his forthcoming album Port of Miami 2.
Rozay is back today with the official video which is shot in his beautiful hometown, the city of Miami. The video was shot before Kodak was arrested last month on several charges including child neglect, marijuana possession, and probation violation. Several cameos make appearances including DJ Khaled, Flo Rida (of course), Chad Ocho Cinco and a bunch more. Watch the official video below.


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Say, I have a
std::vector<SomeClass *> v;
in my code and I need to access its elements very often in the program, looping them forward and backward .
Which is the fastest access type between those two ?
Iterator access:
std::vector<SomeClass *> v;
std::vector<SomeClass *>::iterator i;
std::vector<SomeClass *>::reverse_iterator j;
// i loops forward, j loops backward
for( i = v.begin(), j = v.rbegin(); i != v.end() && j != v.rend(); i++, j++ ){
// some operations on v items
Subscript access (by index)
std::vector<SomeClass *> v;
unsigned int i, j, size = v.size();
// i loops forward, j loops backward
for( i = 0, j = size - 1; i < size && j >= 0; i++, j-- ){
// some operations on v items
And, does const_iterator offer a faster way to access vector elements in case I do not have to modify them?


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Thursday, 7 July 2016
By GEM Community Correspondent
in Local People
June 28 at the Hi-Tide saw the end of the Lion year when Porthcawl Lions' past president Rhys Lewis handed over the presidency to founder member and very active octogenarian Don Tickner.
Don is very well thought of by all club members, having been president before and also membership officer for a number of years.
These days he and his wife Marilyn sort all the books and Don organises the book stalls in John Street.
Don, dressed in the obligatory jacket and hat which, luckily, has to be worn solely on handover night, accepted the president's chain.
He then thanked Rhys for his dedication and hard work at all times, but especially during his year in office and presented him with a token of the club's appreciation.
John Cosson
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This rank is formed by averaging the analyst opinions for each component from each broker, and then ranking the 500 components by those average opinion values.
Looking at the stock price movement year to date, Devon Energy Corp. (NYSE:DVN) is showing a gain of 8.5%.
For MarketNewsVideo.com, I'm Sayoko Murase.


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Posts Tagged 'Petrosian'
Petrosian or The Art of Doing Nothing
The first time I saw the catchphrase "The Art of Doing Nothing" associated to Tigran Petrosian was in 1978 (!) when I was reading my first ever Chess book: a collection of Petrosian´s games made by Alberic O'Kelly de Galway. An outstanding work. The game in question was Petrosian-Cardoso, Portoroz 1958. Influenced by this comment or not, in the following years a number of people have mentioned the idea in books and magazines. But, what is "the art of doing nothing" in Chess ,where both players are compelled to make a move in his/her turn?. This is one of the details which makes of Chess a wonderful vital experience. In essence this "art of doing nothing" is related to the famous Taoist idea called "Wu Wei".(In short because this is not a Taoist Philosophy blog, let's accept the explanation of "Wu Wei" as "no action or rather "active no-action") Let's go back to Chess now and I will try to explain how the concept could be understood.
Well,there are positions in Chess where the player cannot engage in active operations. The nature of the position is such that it cannot be improved (it can be worsened though) and the only practical chance is to hold it by making consolidating moves, avoiding committing oneself while, at the same time, one is trying to entice one's opponent into some sort of activity which will offer us some sort of target. The opponent confronted with an apparently balanced or blocked position may try to do "something" to punish his opponent who is ,apparently, wandering here and there with his pieces. But in fact Petrosian was doing so once he had consolidated his position to the utmost. His pieces were always coordinated and helping each other. When the occasion appeared, they would liberate the inner energy they had accumulated and his rivals' positions collapsed without any apparent reason. Petrosian was able of spending many moves going to and fro with his pieces,manoeuvring incessantly. Many opponents fell into an illusory feeling of safety…Then, if they are not wiped out by a ferocious unexpected attack, their positions simply collapse as if by magic. (The key words above are "hold", "consolidating" and "manoeuvring". Many games have been lost because the player wants to do something when this "something" only leads to creating weaknesses or the appearance of a strong counterattack from the enemy's side). This is why the expression "doing nothing" is too misleading.
Let´s have a look at the games:
W.: Petrosian (1)
B.: Cardoso (0)
Portoroz 1958
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 d5 5. a3 Bxc3 6 bc3 c5 7. cd5 ed5 8.Bd3 0-0 9. Ne2 Nc6 10. o-0 Re8 11. f3 cd4 12. cd4 b6 13.Bd2 Bb7 14. Ng3 Rc8 15. Rb1 Rc7 16. Qa4 g6 17. Rfc1 Re6 18. Rc2 Qe8 19. Nf1 Kg7 20. Rbc1 (Once the centre is fixed -Black cannot hit on it: no flank Pawns to do so- Petrosian began his oppressive manoueuvring strategy trying to lure his opponent into "activity") 20…, Qd8 21. Bb5 Qa8 22. Bd3 Rd7 23. Ng3 Rdd6 24. Kh1 Nd7 25. Qb3 Qd8 26. Ne2 Qh4 27. Qb2 Nf6 28. Rf1 Re8 29. Bb5 Kg8 30. Qc1! Rc8 31. e4!! de4 32. Bg5 Kg8 33. Ng3 ef3 34. Nxh5 fg2 35. Rxg2 Nxh5 36. Qc4 Nd8 37. Qb4 Re6 38. Kg1 Bxg2 39. Kxg2 Re4 40. Kf3 a5 41. Qd2 , Black resigned.
W.: Kasparov (0)
B.: Petrosian (1)
Tilburg 1981
1. d4 d5 2. c4 dc4 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. e3 Bg4 5. Bc4 e6 6. h3 Bh5 7. Nc3 a6 8. g4 Bg6 9. Ne5 Nbd7 10. Ng6 hg6 11. Bf1 c6 12. Bg2 Qc7 13. 0-0 Be7 14. f4 Nb6 15. g5 Nfd7 16. Qg4 0-0-0! 17. Rb1 Kb8 18. b4 Nd5 19. Nc4 f5 20. Qg3 Nb4 (Another attacking victory for Kasparov?. Unfortunately for him, Petrosian had learnt a lot from Nimzowitsch: prophylaxis, manoeuvring, all sort of defensive strategies…) 21. Bd2 Nd5 22. Rfc1 Ka7 23. Qe1 Bc3 24. Rc2 Qd6 25. Rb3 Qe7 26. Qe2 Rb8 27. Qd3 Bd6 28. Nb2 Rhc8 29. Nc4 Bc7 30. a4 b5 31. ab5 cb5 32. Ra2 Kb7! (and in ten moves White´s position simply staves in…) 33. Bb4 Qe8 34 Bd6 Ra8 35. Qb1 Kc6! 36. Rba3 bxc4! 37. Ra6 Ra6 38. Ra6 Bb6 39. Bc5 Qd8 40. Qa1 Nc5 41. dc5 Kc5! (and Kasparov played 42. Ra4 resigning at the same time.)
W.: Petrosian (1)
B.: Unzicker (0)
Hamburg 1960
1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 3. Bg5 d5 4. c4 c6 5. Qc2 Be7 6. e3 0-0 7. Nc3 h6 8. Bf4 Nbd7 9. cd5 cd5 10. Bd3 a6 11. 0-0 b5 12. a4 b4 13. Na2! Ne8 14. Nc1!(to b3) a5 15. Nb3 Ba6 16. Bxa6 Rxa6 17. Qd3 Ra7 18. Rfc1 Nd6 19. Bxd6! Bxd6 20. Rc6 Nb8 21. Rc2 Nd7 22. Racl Nb6 23. Qb5 Nc4 24. Nfd2 Ncd2 25. Rxd2 Qa8 26. Rdc2 Rd8 27. Rc6 g6 28 g3 Kg7 29. Kf1! A well-known manoeuvre in Nimzowitsch's practice) Kg8 30.h4 h5 31. R1c2 Kh7 32. Ke1 Kg8 33. Kd1 Kh7 34. Kc1 Kg8 35. Kb1 Kh7 36. Qe2 Qb7 37. Rc1 Kg7 38. Qb5! Qa8 39. f4 Kh7 40. Qe2 Qb7 41. g4 hg4 42. Qxg4 Qe7 43. h5 Qf6 44. Ka2 Kg7 45. hg6 Qxg6 46. Qh4 Be7 47. Qf2 Kf8 48. Nd2 Rb7 49. Nb3 Ra7 50. Qh2 Bf6 51. Rc8 Rd7 52. Nc5 b3 53. Kxb3 Rd6 54. f5 Rb6 55. Ka2, and Unzicker resigned.
It is this uncomparable art of going to and fro holding the position till the opponent makes the slightest of slips and Petrosian's position springs at you…
Well, a close study of Petrosian´s positional masterpieces will always be rewarding…
Pos. 1 :The following position is from Petrosian-Golombek, Stockholm 1952. What would you choose as the 35th move? (Solution below)
Pos.: 2 : This other position appeared in Bisguier-Petrosian, USSR-USA Match, 1954. What would you play here? (Solution below)
Pos. 1. Petrosian played 33. Qd5! The centralization of White's Queen forces Black to exchange or to retreat with disastrous results. The game continued 33. …, Qxd5 34. cd5 Kf7 35. Nd2 f5?! ( better 35…Nd6) 36. Nc4 Kf6 37. f3 e4? Desperation :37…h5 would have been much better) 38.fe4 fe4 39. g4 h5 40. Kg3 hg4. The game was adjourned here but Black resigned.
Pos.: 2: 15… , b4! (a key critical moment: Black decides to close the Q-side forcing White to attack on the K-side. BUT Petrosian had seen that he could parry the attack by means of a counterblow in the centre)
16.Nd1 a5 17. Ne3 a4 18.Rab1 ab3 19 ab3 Ra2 20. g4 Nd7 21. g5 Re8 22. Kh1 Nc5 23. h4 Qd8! 24. Rf3 Bf8 25. Rg3 e5 26. f5 Nd4 !! 27. Qf1 Ndxb3 28. Nxb3 Nxb3 29. Qe1 Nc5! 30. Qxb4 Bb7 31. Nd5 Ra4 32. Qd2 Bxd5 33. Qxd5 Rb4! 34. Bf3 Qa8 35. Qd2 Qb7 36. Rg2 Rb8 37 Bd1 , Qxe4 38. Bc2 Qxc4 39. g6 Rxb2 40. gh7 Kh8 41 Rbg1 Qxh4 42. Rh2 Qf4 and White resigned.
Tigran Petrosian. In Memoriam
This year the 30th anniversary of Tigran Petrosian untimely death will be commemorated. The 9th World Champion of Chess was born in 1929 and passed away in 1984. (For another post on him, see the one published on April the 2nd, 2012).
Petrosian's Chess career started in 1946 and he was active nearly until the moment of his death. His World Championship Candidates series ran from 1952 till 1980. He was a Candidate in 1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974 and 1980. In 1971 he defeated the Germa GM Hübner and the Soviet GM Korchnoi, losing in the Final to Fischer. In 1974 he defeated GM Portisch (Hungary) but lost to Korchnoi. In 1980, he lost again to Korchnoi who had become his arch-enemy (Korchnoi, who became a defector in the mid 70's of the 20th century, accused and blamed Petrosian (and many others too) of everything… In 1963, he became a Challenger and in the World Championship Match he defeated no other than Mijail Botvinnik. In 1966 Petrosian defended the Title successfully in a match against GM Boris Spassky but in 1969 against the same opponent he lost the match passing the honours to Spassky.
Petrosian played in 10 Chess Olympiads with an overall impressive score of +79 -1 =50. Apart from the many international tournaments he took part in, he also played in a lot of Soviet Team events, Championships, etc. He was four times Champion of the Soviet Union (1959, 1961, 1969 and 1975) .
Petrosian's style was positional, strongly influenced by Nimzowitsch (he grew up studying his books). In fact, he used every Nimzowitsch's weapon: overprotection, blockading Knight, prophylaxis, centralization, blockade, restraint, attack /play on squares of the same colour, etc., carefully blending them with the fresh new approaches of the Soviet Chess School. Petrosian was a master of manoeuvring, defence and prophylactic thinking. But he was also a superb tactician, very strong in blitz games, for instance. His games are full of hidden dynamism in Vasiliev words. He also mastered the art of sacrificing the exchange and his games were not as "dry" as many people, commentators and "experts" believe. He was able to realise advantages by means of tactical and combinative means, which mainly crop up after a careful strategical and manoeuvring play. He was able to detect and prevent the slightest of threats (some people have written that even before his opponent realized they existed ) , taking measures against them, which in some cases provoked a sudden collapse of his opponents' positions.
Bobby Fischer acknowledged his strength and skills and even his arch-enemy Korchnoi wrote that one had to accept Petrosian really understood Chess.
One of the hardest ever player to beat, he was more an artist and a sort of anti-hero than a fighter like a Fischer, it was said that ,in fact, he was not interested in honours and public acknowledgement. He simply loved playing Chess and spoke of his games as his "old friends". Shortly before his death,at the beginnings of the 80's, he complained to Smyslov that , at least, the latter was engaged in Candidates' matches…
The following position, from the Black side, belongs to the game Kasparov-Petrosian, Tilburg, 1981. The young Kasparov has mounted what seems a terrible attack. It's Black's turn, what would you play here?
Now I am going to give the solution, but first try, at least, to choose the move you would have played as Black. Pay attention to White wonderful dominating position. Will you choose an overwhelming defensive move trying to steer the game into a draw?. Would you try to exchange pieces and hope for the better? Or perhaps you would try to hurry your King away from White's ire looking for a safe haven on f7, for instance?.
Choose your move and go to the game continuation:
35…, Kc6!! (yes, even Kasparov was shocked after seeing this suicidal attempt. But there still was a pretty surprise for him in the offing…) 36. Rba3 bxc4 37. Rxa6 Bb6 38. Rxa6 Bb6 39. Bc5 Qd8 40. Qa1 Nxc5 41. dxc5 Kxc5 42. Ra4 and White resigned at the same time!
Tigran Petrosian: The Wizard of Chess Strategy
In the previous post I mentioned that when I began to play CC at last I could speak of having a Chess trainer. Indeed it was so. I will never forget the friendship Herr Fritz Oppenrieder, from Heidenau in the former East Germany , showed to me. A Master of Chess, he played lots of postal games with me, sent East German Chess books to me too and exchanged ideas for some years -I am speaking of the late eighties of the 20th century- . When I came across him -we were paired together in a match- , he lived alone, and he made me realize that if one day he stopped writing that would mean… Well, you can guess. We spoke about Chess, chessplayers -I mentioned him my admiration for his fellow-contryman GM. Uhlmann, we tried openings, and so on. I have always considered him as my Chess Trainer and he seemed happy of finding a "disciple" in the last part of his life. I never knew who took charge of his affairs after his death. I tried to find but had no success at all . This is why I would like to contact GM Uhlmann to try to sheed light on this and ask himif he remembers Herr Fritz Oppenrieder, but so far I have been unable to . – Any ideas?- . Somebody said that a man never dies until the last man who knew him disappears too. In this case, I prefer thinking that my Friend Fritz is still there…
My first Chess book was the collection of Petrosian games by Alberik O'Kelly. I cannot say how many times I will have read the book and replayed the games. But that was my "fire trial" and I began to try to understand the art of positional Chess. That book is one of my treasures.
Petrosian was born in Tbilisi (Georgia, USSR) in an Armenian family. His childhood was far from easy. After 1946 he moved to Erevan (Armenia, USSR) and a few years later he established himself definitively in Moscow. As most other Soviet chessplayers he started to play at the famous Pioneers' Palace, pride of the Soviet system.
In 1951 he became IM, and in 1953 he achieved the GM title. Many commonplaces and tales has been written and copied from author to author about him. In fact his Chess career is impressive, and his games are full of lessons not only in the field of defence. People speak of him as a "tame" player, a drawish GM, etc. I am going to give a short account of his Chess career:
Petrosian won 4 Soviet Championships: 1959 , 1961, 1969 (tied first) and 1975 losing two games all in all. He was Champion of Armenia, of Georgia, of Moscow, played in many team events with outstanding results, played in ten Chess Olympiads with an overall result of +78 -1 =50 (losing a single game): Münich 1958, Leipzig 1960, Varna 1962, Tel-Aviv 1964, Havana 1966, Lugano 1968, Siegen 1970, Skopje 1972, Nice 1974 and Buenos Aires 1978. He won nine team gold medals, one team silver medal and six individual gold medals… He played in Interzonal and Candidates' Tournaments and reached the World Chess Championship in 1963 by beating no other than Botvinnik by +5 -2 =15. In 1966 he defeated the challenger Spassky and in 1969 he lost to the same Spassky after being World Champion for nine years. This cannot be the story of a tame chessplayer, rather of a little understood and greatly misinterpreted one…
Petrosian was an excellent tactician, a strong blitz player who excelled at prophylaxis and preventive thinking, who lost very few games throughout his career. He declared that his aim was "…restriction of the opponent's possibilities, strategic play over the whole board, gradual tightening of the ring around the enemy king". He was able to carry out a "constant assessment and reassessment of the hierarchy of the strategic factors" with a broad view free of any sort of prejudices. Of course he showed a tendency for dry positional games, but he was also able to restore to tactics whenever necessary, and mastered the art of the exchange sacrifice. In the same way I must say he, by nature, was a defensive player with all the shades this imply…
You have to be an extremely strong chessplayer to become Champion of the World, Champion of the USSR, to play -and win- in tens of team events, scores of tournaments, etc. Of course, he preferred closed positions to impose his overwhelming strategical knowledge without being bothered by sudden tactics. And you must be very good to impose this style on your world-class opponents.
Petrosian could apparently do nothing for hours on end, constantly manoeuvring, with his opponents deprived of any trace of counterplay or even activity. Then, of a sudden , the enemy position collapses and he cashes in on it. He understood the laws of Chess strategy a different way other players did. He never rushed, but manoeuvred back and forth waiting for the least drawback in the opponent's moves. Once he managed to break the coordination of the opponent's forces or compel him to commit his position -to defend himself from positional threads- in one way or another, then the situation was ripe for a deadly attack. Like a Zen monk, he apparently did nothing so that everything would be done. But in Chess this "doing nothing" is absolutely difficult, because you have to move on your turn. The key lies in his extreme ability to get control of the position depriving the opponent of any possibility of active plans/moves, foreseeing any possible threat well in advance and while keeping one's position firmly coordinate.
You may like Petrosian's style or not. But I believe that one should study his games to become a much better chessplayer.
On the other hand, is it possible ,with the present state of Chess, to play like Petrosian?. Well, the matter is not to play like Petrosian but to learn the strategical,positional and defensive lessons he left for us. (You cannot play like Morphy either, but you can learn how attacking ideas and combinations work, for instance. Please, understand what I say.).
But here a curious thing appears: in correspondence chess, with the intrusion of the programs, many people are trying to find how to play against them -or the opponent aided by them-. Have a try at Petrosian approach to Chess by studying his games and perhaps you could learn a lesson or two… (I have revealed enough!)
W: Furman (0)
B.: Petrosian (1)
USSR Chess Championship 1961
1. d4 g6 2. e4 Bg7 3. Nf3 d6 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. h3 Nf6 6. Be3 c6 7. Bd3 Qc7 8. 0-0 e5 9. Re1 Nbd7 10.a4 Re8 11. Qd2 b6 12. Rad1 a6 13. Ra1 Bb7 14. de5: de5: 15. Bh6 Qd6 16. Bg7: Kg7: 17. Qe3 b5 18. Bf1 Qb4 19. Nd1 Qe7 20. Nd2 Nc5 21. Nc3 Rad8 22. b4 Ne6 23. Na2 Nd4 24. Qc3 ba4: 25. Bd3 Nh5 26. Nc4 Nf4 27. Bf1 c5 28. bc5: Qc5: 29. Nc1 Bc6 30. Qa3 Qa3: 31. Na3: Nh3: 32. Kh2 Nf2: 33. Bd3 Nb3 34. Rb1 Nc5 35. Rb6 Ncd3: 36. cd3: Nd3: 37. Nd3: Rd3: 38. Rc6: Ra3: 39. Rc7 Re6 40. Ra7 Ra2 41. Re3 Rf6 / White resigns
W.: Petrosian (1)
B.: Stean (0)
Moscow 1975
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. cd5: Nd5: 5. e4 Nc3: 6. bc3: Bg7 7. Bc4 0-0 8. Ne2 b6 9. h4 Nc6 10. h5 Na5 11. Bd3 e5 12. hg6: hg6: 13. Bh6 f6 14. Qd2 Qe7 15. 0-0-0 Be6 16. d5 Bd7 17. Rh2 Rf7 18. Rdh1 Re8 19. f4 c6 20. fe5: Qe5: 21. Nf4 g5 22. Ng6 Qd6 23.Bg7: Rg7: 24. e5 Re5: 25. dc6: Bc6: 26. Ne5: Qe5: 27. Rh8 Kf7 28. Rf1 Be4 29. Qe1 and Black resigned
W.: Petrosian (1)
B.: Guimard (0)
Gothenburg (Itz) 1955
1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. d4 d5 4. Nf3 Be7 5. e3 0-0 6. Bd3 dc4: 7. Bc4: c5 8. 0-0 a6 9. a4 Nc6 10. b3 cd4: 11. ed4: Nb4 12. Ne5 Bd7 13. Bb2 Bc6 14. Qd2 Nbd5 15. Nc6: bc6: 16 Na2 Qb8 17 Nc1 Bb4 18. Qc2 Bd6 19. g3 Rd8 20. Qe2 Nb4 21. Rd1 Nfd5 22. Qe4 Be7 23. Ne2 Bf6 24. Kg2 A5 25. Ng1 Qb7 26. Nf3 Rab8 27. Rac1 h6 28. Kg1 Nb6 29. Be2 N6d5 30. Nd2 Bg5 31. Rc5 Be7 32. Ra5: Na2 33. Bd3 g6 34. Qf3 Qc7 35. Rc5 Be7 36. dc5: Nab4 37. Bc4 f5 38. Re1 Qe7 39. Qe2 Re8 40. Nf3 Kh7 41. Qe5 Qc7 42. Qe2 Qe7 43. h4. Nf6 44. Be6: Ne4 45. Nd4 Rbd8 46. h5 Rd4: 47. hg6: Kg6: 48. Bf5 Kf5: 49. Qh5 Ke6 50. Qg4 Kd5 51. Qf5 Qe5 52. Qd7 Kc5: 53. Rc1 Nc3 54. Rc3: Kb6 55. a5 Ka5: 56. Qa7 Kb5 57. Qb7 Ka5 58. Rc1 Rd1 59. Rd1: Qb2: 60. Qa7 Na6 61. b4 Kb4: 62 Qb6 and Black resigned . One of his favourite games.
"The Art of Doing Nothing…" (A. O'Kelly):
W.: Petrosian (1)
B.: Cardoso (0)
Portoroz (Itz) 1958
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 d5 5. a3 Bc3: 6. bc3: c5 7. cd5: ed5: 8. Bd3 0-0 9. Ne2 Nc6 10. 0-0 Re8 11. f3 cd4 12. cd4 b6 13. Bd2 Bb7 14. Ng3 Rc8 15. Rb1 Rc7 16. Qa4 g6 17. Rfc1 Re6 18. Rc2 Qe8 19. Nf1 Kg7 20. Rbc1 Qd8 21. Bb5 Qa8 22. Bd3 Rd7 23. Ng3 Rdd6 24. Kb1 Nd7 25. Qb3 Qd8 26. Ne2 Qh4 27. Qb2 Nf6 28. Rf1 Re8 29. Bb5 Kg8 30. Qc1 Rc8 31. e4 de4: 32. Bg5 Qh5 33.Ng3 ef3: 34. Nh5: fg2: 35. Rg2: Nh5: 36. Qc4 Nd8 37. Qb4 Re6 38. Kg1 Bg2: 39. Kg2: Re4 40. Kf3 a5 41. Qd2 Black resigned.
A much laboured upon topic has been Nimzowitsch's influence on Petrosian. In fact Petrosian learnt many things from Nimzowitsch: prophylaxis, overprotection,blockade, attack on same colour square complex, the art of defence, etc. But all that passed through the sieve of the Soviet Chess School and its methods of training/work. It is normal that such a complex personality may create different , sometimes opposite, definitions. Thus while most authors see the Nimzowitsch influence, others have compared him to Capablanca. This is normal: after all, all top chessplayers have absorbed, assimilated and integrated the teachings of their predecessors.
Nimzowitsch would have been proud of the following game, which shows a trench warfare, overprotection, manoeuvring and the final collapse of the opponent's position:
W.: Olafsson (0)
B.: Petrosian (1)
Bled 1961
1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e5 Qd7 5. Qg4 f5 6. Qg3 b6 7. h4 Bb7 8. Bd3 Nc6 9. Ne2 0-0-0 10. Nd2 Nh6 11. a3 Be7 12. Bb5 Rdg8 13. Qd3 Nf7 14. 0-0-0 Kb8 15. Nf4 Qc8 16. Nce2 Ncd8 17. Qb3 c6 18.Bd3 c5 19. dc5: Bc5: 20. Nh3 Ne5: 21. Bf4 Nf7 22. Bb5 Ka8 23. Nd4 Ng6 24. Rb4 ef4: 25. Bd7 Qf8 26. Rd4: e5 27. Rb4 ef4: 28. Rb6: Nfe5 29. Rb7: Kb7: 30. h5 Qd6 31. hg6: Qd7: 32. Qf4 Ng6: / White resigned.
The last game is a strategical masterpiece:
W.: Petrosian (1)
Black: Gufeld (0)
27th USSR Chess Championship 1960
1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 0-0 5. Nf3 d6 6. Be2 e5 7. d5 (the "Petrosian Variation"), … Nh5 8. g3 Na6 9. Nd2 (preventing Black's …Nc5 followed by … a5) ,… Nf6 10. h4! (prevents 10… Bh6 : 11.h5!),… c6 11. Nb3 (controls c5) … Nc7 12. Bg5 cd5: (forced to avoid a weak Pawn after White's dc6) 13. cd5: h6 (By piling up positional threats Petrosian carries out a clever plan: he will play Bf6: eliminating a Knight and then Bxc8 -leaving Black with a passive Bishop + Knight while keeping his beloved Knights to increase his pressure on the enemy's position. A study in how to handle positions with this type of centre.) 14. Bf6:! Qf6: 15. Bg4! h5 16. Bc8: Rac8: (Now the plan will be to pose threats against the Queen side .Black will have to defend it at the cost of breaking his piece coordination) 17. Qe2 Bh6 18. Na5 Rb8 19. 0-0 Rfc8 (better was …Ng7 and open up the position.But Petrosian's ability causes his opponents to commit mistakes. Here Black is enticed into playing on the Q-side passively, instead of defending counterattacking on the K-side. Gufeld was an excellent tactician and an expert in the King's Indian…) 20. a4 Qd8 21. Nc4 Ne8 22. Ra2 Qc7 23. b3 Qd7 24. Kg2 (White places his pieces on white squares to get control of them because of the lack of Black c8 Bishop Please note how Petrosian attacks using those squares: occupying c6, attacking d6, etc.) Rc5?! 25. Rb1 Rcc8 26. Rc2 Nc7 27. Rbb2 Rf8 28. b4 Ne8 29. a5 Ng7 30. a6! ba6 31. Na5 f5 32. Nc6 Rbe8 33. Nb1! Kh7 34. Rb3 fe4 35. Qe4: Rf5 36. Ra3 Qb7 37. Nc3 Ref8 38. Qc4 Rf3 39. Ra6: Be3 40. Ne4 Bh6 41. Ra7: and Black resigned.


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From Poland to Michigan--Immigration Hardships
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