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About Lopolight
Technical details about 300-112-B
3nm 360º White anchor light, CD/CS, K-lock alu base (PE base plate incl)
LED (Light Emitting Diode) navigation light.
Unique and precise definition of light angles.
Rugged and unbreakable: Precision machined anodised aluminium housing protects the LED's and electronics.
Completely waterproof and vibrationproof: Interior is fully filled and sealed with special potting resin.
Waterproof to IP 68+ (submersible).
Low power consumption – 70 to 90% less than traditional navigation lights.
Full brightness with input voltages ranging from 10 to 32 Volts.
All Lopolights have been tested several times during production, a total of more than 24 hours.
Easy to install, adaptor and screws included (when applicable).
Worldwide typeapproval Wheelmark/M.E.D. QQ-MED-15/09-04 MCA (UK), USCG (USA)
Included in package
1 Navigation light, Installation instructions and with cable glands and blinding caps as appropriate.
92,5 mm (3,64 in) - 63 mm (2.5 in) – 400 gram (14 oz) Available in several versions: Single light Double stacked light Cable outlets to side or bottom With or without mounting flange (base plate)
Black anodised aluminum 50µ, PMMA lens, A4 stainless steel screws, Epoxy, Polyurethane.
Supply voltage
Power consumption
2.4 Watt Current @ 12 VDC: 0,2 A: Current @ 24 VDC: 0,1 A
Light colors
White - 360°
>15 cd
Visibility (@K=0.8)
>3 nm
Number of LED's
28 (single light) - 56 (double light)
Suggested feed cables
12 VDC: 2 x 0,50 mm2 (maximum outer diameter 12,5mm) 24 VDC: 2 x 0,50 mm2 (maximum outer diameter 12,5mm)
Expected life
Vessel size
above 50 meter (above164 feet)
Installation guide
PDF file
DWG file
IGS file(3D)


text:
The government's attempt to silence Coleman coincided with an attempt to intimidate Pan Am's counsel, by now almost the only serious challenger left to the official version of events before and after Lockerbie.
On 20 March 1991, three months after James Shaughnessy had filed suit against the US government, claiming it was culpable in the Flight 103 disaster, the Justice Department responded with a motion seeking either dismissal of the third-party action or summary judgment on the claim.
The sting was in an accompanying memorandum which recommended darkly that 'substantial' financial sanctions should be imposed on Shaughnessy and his law firm for daring to suggest the government was in any way at fault, and for what it alleged was a deliberate abuse of court procedures.
At this point, after successfully stone-walling all attempts to get at the evidence and saddling the airline's insurers with legal and investigation costs running into many millions of dollars, the government probably expected Pan Am to cut its losses: to abandon its own inquiries into the disaster and meet whatever level of compensation was awarded to the victims' families, rather than risk further millions of dollars in costs and sanctions, only to have to pay up in the end anyway.
And no doubt, if Pan Am, its underwriters and attorneys had mounted the third-party suit as a diversionary move, the calculation would have proved correct: for a commercial enterprise, however well funded, to have knowingly persevered with a lost cause against the Federal government, with its virtually limitless financial and legal resources, would have been, not just irrational, but in the insurance business, inconceivable. (It was even less likely in this case because, on 8 January 1991, Pan Am had finally crash-landed into bankruptcy.)
But the suit was neither a diversion nor a lost cause. It was based on the conviction that everybody but the guilty had something to gain from getting at the truth. On 22 April 1991, Shaughnessy went to the barricades with Lester Coleman's affidavit to oppose the government's motion.
The stakes were now very high. Shaughnessy had to satisfy the court that Pan Am's third-party suit had been filed, not just in good faith but on sufficient grounds to justify a reasonable expectation that the case could be won if the government were ordered to open its files.
He began his written argument by pointing out that 'the crash of Flight 103 was caused by a dastardly and cowardly criminal act of mass murder. That criminal act was not targeted at Pan Am, but at the United States.'
The reminder was necessary because, in that sense, Pan Am was also a victim of the attack and therefore entitled to whatever assistance the authorities could provide. As Shaughnessy observed, 'virtually all relevant discovery concerning prior threats to Pan Am Flight 103 and the methods by which the bomb was placed on that flight are in the exclusive custody of the government.' Besides controlling most of the witnesses, the government also held all the documents necessary to establish the facts, and 'for this reason alone', he argued, 'the government's motion should be denied until third-party plaintiffs obtain complete discovery.'
Shaughnessy's affidavit went on to review Pan Am's unavailing attempts to subpoena the records it needed, first, to prepare a defence against the negligence suits filed by the victims' families, and then to pursue its own claims against the government. Blocked for 18 months by the government's refusal to open its files and the court's refusal to compel discovery, Shaughnessy described how he had attempted to secure the documents by another route, by asking for them under the Freedom of Information Act.
In its reply, the National Security Agency had supplied copies of previous requests for the same documents, notably from Tom Foster of the Syracuse Post Standard and Emma Gilbey of the American Broadcasting Company, and copies of its response in each case. As these requests had employed virtually the same language as Shaughnessy had used in his original subpoenas, filed in September 1989, they added nothing to the pool, but the NSA's response to them was revealing.
In its reply to Foster and Gilbey, the agency stated that 'documents responsive to items 1, 3 and 4 of your request were located in our search for records.'
These items had to do, respectively, with prior warnings of terrorist attacks against American airliners at Frankfurt airport; with who put the bomb aboard the aircraft and how and when they did it, and with contraband shipments through Frankfurt airport, including Pan Am's baggage area.
Copies of the documents located by the NSA were not supplied, however, for reasons of 'statutory privilege' and 'state secrets'.
They were not supplied to Pan Am either, although included in the NSA's response to Shaughnessy's request was an internal NSA memorandum which read: 'These FOIA requests for documents related to the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 include the specific items requested in the subpoena by Pan Am in connection with a civil suit against the airline by the families of victims of the bombing ... Documents related to items 1, 3 and 4 of the request were located.'
As Shaughnessy pointed out in his affidavit, this admission conflicted sharply with the government's denial that it had any knowledge or evidence of prior threats or warnings of terrorist attack.
'Once again,' he declared, 'one is led to the question: what is going on here? I respectfully submit that the answer lies in the documents -- documents which the government has told this court do not exist but which the NSA, in response to the Foster and Gilbey FOIA requests, admitted do exist, and which the government has steadfastly refused to produce.'
The affidavit then addressed itself to the role of Juval Aviv, whose Interfor Report had inspired Pan Am's original subpoenas but who later proved an embarrassment when Magistrate Judge Allyne Ross found that his denial of having leaked its findings was 'not credible'.
'The principal result of the report,' complained Shaughnessy, 'has been that plaintiffs' counsel [acting for the families] and the government have consistently characterized everything that third-party plaintiffs have done since September 15, 1989 [the date of the original subpoenas] as being based on the "discredited" Aviv report. Indeed, the government has sought, both in open court and on this motion, to tar third-party plaintiffs with basing their third-party complaint exclusively on the Aviv report. However, Mr. Aviv and his company resigned as investigators for me in June, 1990, and stopped doing any investigative work long before then.'
After touching on the Lockerbie investigators' curious lack of interest in the results of the polygraph examination of the three Pan Am baggage handlers in Frankfurt, the Shaughnessy affidavit turned next to a review of the information Pan Am had obtained from other sources in support of its claims.
"The information third-party plaintiffs have been able to gather, despite the government's stone-walling [he wrote] 'indicates that the government knew of plans to bomb a Pan Am flight out of Frankfurt during December, 1988, and even may have known that Flight 103 was the target. In addition, the information indicates that the terrorists used a government undercover heroin operation to place the bomb on Flight 103 ...
"While general warnings of the risk of terrorist attacks on American targets in reprisal for the shootdown of the Iranian airliner were passed on to United States flag carriers by the FAA, the government was in possession of far more specific information than the FAA disclosed. In early December, 1988, the Israeli Defense Forces (the IDF) raided a base used by Palestinian terrorist forces in Lebanon and captured documents which disclosed plans to attack and bomb a Pan Am flight in December, 1988 ... I have been told by four separate sources that this information was passed to the government."
His affidavit also cited the telephone intercepts of calls made by David Lovejoy to the Iranian Embassy in Beirut about the movements of the American agents who died in the crash as a further indication that the government knew from more than one source that Flight 103 would be the target of a terrorist attack 'yet failed to disclose this information to Pan Am'.
This brought him to Pan Am's claim for relief on the grounds that the government had also been negligent in supervising DEA's controlled deliveries of heroin through Frankfurt airport, an operation 'utilizing known criminals, terrorists and terrorist sympathizers'.
After the NBC and ABC broadcasts of 30 and 31 October 1990, Stephen H. Greene, the DEA's assistant administrator, operations division, had appeared before a congressional subcommittee to make a statement about the agency's activities in Cyprus. Having explained how controlled deliveries work, he stated, on oath, that the DEA had no ongoing operation in Europe 'during or immediately before December 1988' that 'even remotely resembled the one described in the media reports'.
Noting this denial, the Shaughnessy affidavit went on to list four cases involving Lebanese drug traffickers that the government had prosecuted in the Eastern District of Virginia before Greene's subcommittee appearance. In each case, the evidence had been obtained as a result of controlled deliveries 'using commercial airline facilities and connections in Frankfurt'. One of those convicted had been charged with running 'a heroin laboratory and trafficking operation in the Bekaa Valley' and 'had often shipped heroin to the United States using a shipping company in Cyprus'.
In all four cases, a key element in the prosecution had been a sworn affidavit by DEA Special Agent Hollis Williams, who described how checked baggage containing narcotics was shipped through Frankfurt airport en route from Lebanon to Detroit, where the defendants 'were major sources of supply for heroin'.
In short, Shaughnessy went on, the DEA admitted it had run controlled deliveries through Frankfurt prior to 21 December 1988, and had continued to do so during 1989, but supposedly not 'during or immediately before December 1988'.
'I respectfully submit,' he wrote, 'that the DEA's denial is incredulous [sic]. Moreover, I further respectfully submit that, based upon the other information contained below, it is simply false.'
The 'other information' included reports about the involvement of Turkish workers in placing the bomb aboard Flight 103, and the deposition of Michael F. Jones, of Pan Am Corporate Security in London, describing his conversation with Phillip Connelly, assistant chief investigation officer of H.M. Customs and Excise, eight days after the crash. (Pan Am had sought to obtain a deposition from Connelly himself but the British government had advised the court that, under UK law, government employees could not be compelled to testify. Later on, Connelly would dispute Jones's account of their conversation, but by then the Flight 103 investigation had become a political football.)
Shaughnessy's hammer in nailing the DEA's denial was the affidavit of Lester K. Coleman, sworn to on 17 April 1991. Here was direct, first-hand testimony about the DEA's activities in the Middle East that flatly contradicted the agency's public statements in almost every particular, and which drew attention to its glaring lapses in security while dealing with informants; and others known to be associated with terrorist groups.
"I respectfully submit [concluded Shaughnessy] that the information disclosed above and in the accompanying Coleman affidavit amply demonstrates that third-party plaintiffs have a valid basis for each of their claims against the government. I also respectfully submit, that information demonstrates that the government has, at the very least, been less than candid ... If the government wants this court, third-party plaintiffs and the public to believe that there is no basis for third-party plaintiffs' claims, then it should open itself up to complete and candid discovery.
"If the government has nothing to hide, then why is it hiding?
I respectfully submit that, despite the various grounds asserted by the government thus far, the government is hiding because there was a foul-up within the government. The government knows that it, and only it, could have prevented the murder of 270 people, but it is politically impossible for the government ever to admit that fact or to produce evidence from which that fact could be proven or inferred.
Strong stuff. Which evoked a strong -- and unexpected -- response.
The Coleman affidavit, describing what he had seen and done while seconded to DEA Nicosia, was precisely what the government had feared and tried so ineptly to avoid. Having failed to silence him, it could now either acknowledge the truth or redouble its efforts to discredit him, a choice that detained the DEA as briefly as it did Coleman. Knowing the government's overwhelming priority would be to brand him a liar, he had not expected the DIA to be of much help.
'I thought there was no way in hell I would ever be able to verify the fact that I was a Defense Intelligence agent,' he recalls. 'Standard operating practice is complete disavowal -- that had been made clear from the start. No record would be held of my name and affiliation with the agency. I was Benjamin B -- and all the subpoenas in the world would find no trace of any Lester K. Coleman. I remember telling Shaughnessy I would never be able to prove I had worked for them, but then they did it for me.'
On 7 June 1991, in response to Shaughnessy's affidavit, the government produced two significant declarations attacking Coleman's testimony. The first was sworn to by Micheal Hurley, former DEA attache to the American Embassy in Cyprus, and the other by Lieutenant-Colonel Terry E. Bathen, assistant general counsel to the Defense Intelligence Agency.
Predictably, in the light of the DEA-inspired broadcast on CNN, Hurley's declaration made as little as possible of Coleman's association with DEA Nicosia. The gist of it was that he had been taken on as a DEA 'cooperating individual' on 31 January 1986, after he claimed he could establish a network of subsources to collect data on opium production in Lebanon. According to Hurley, Coleman received the standard admonitions given to all DEA CIs and 'was further advised that he had no official status, implied or otherwise, as agent or employee of DEA'.
Between then and 9 Apri1 1986, he was paid $4000 for information and expenses, after which Hurley received a postcard from Coleman in Switzerland, dated 19 April, which 'indicated that his DEA CI number was retired.' Nevertheless, he was not 'deactivated' until 1 November, when Hurley learned he had returned to the United States.
Though denying that the DEA asked the DIA for Coleman's help during the 1987 opium-growing season, Hurley admitted Coleman was 'reactivated' as a 'cooperating individual' on 20 February 1987, to carry on as before, providing strategic intelligence information and videotape coverage of Lebanese narcotics trafficking. From then until 11 August 1987, he was paid $53,070 for information and expenses, most of which 'was to be paid to Coleman's subsources for the information which they provided ...'
According to Hurley, he made a final payment of $6900 to Coleman on that date in the presence of a 'cameraman/subsource' who was owed $5500 for his work. Instead of giving him cash, Coleman paid him by cheque. 'In my presence,' stated Hurley, 'Coleman told the cameraman/subsource that they would go to his bank upon returning to the United States later that month, where he could get the cheque cashed.'
But the following spring, the declaration went on, Hurley heard from the cameraman/subsource that the cheque had been returned for 'not sufficient funds'. He also 'received information that Coleman may have approached the Soldier of Fortune magazine, trying to sell information which he had specifically collected for DEA'.
Nevertheless, after Hurley 'received assurances from Coleman that he did not provide any DEA information to any person/group outside the DEA,' he was reactivated for the new opium-growing season in February 1988, at which time he 'was representing himself a Director of International Studies at the University of Alabama ... directed Coleman to travel alone, without his wife and child, and to stay in a furnished apartment which had been specifically designated for Coleman's use.'
Later on, according to the declaration, Hurley discovered that Coleman had not only brought Mary-Claude and Sarah but had 'represented himself as a DEA/US Embassy employee in order to secure an outside apartment for himself and his family'. In the period from his arrival until 11 May, he was paid a further $4500 for information and expenses, but 'in May 1988, Coleman was deactivated as a cooperating individual by DEA for unsatisfactory behavior ...
'The incidents which led to Coleman's deactivation included his illegal and less than forthright behavior with one of his cameramen/sub-sources, his outstanding arrest warrant that the Cyprus Police had issued for him and the articles that appeared in Soldier of Fortune magazine which contained information which Coleman had obtained for DEA.'
The arrest warrant 'stemmed from Coleman's failure to reimburse his landlord in Cyprus for the international telephone calls which he incurred while living in the apartment with his wife and child. The bills were for several thousand dollars.' As a result of these charges he said, Coleman was declared an undesirable and banned from entry into Cyprus.
Turning then to the substance of Coleman's affidavit, Hurley declared, on oath, that
"... during the period of time that I was the DEA country attache in Cyprus [1984 to 1990], the DEA Nicosia Country Office was not involved in any controlled deliveries of heroin either originating in or transiting Cyprus wherein Frankfurt was utilized as a European transit point for a controlled delivery to Detroit.
"I do not know nor am I familiar with the word or name 'Khorah' in connection with any activity undertaken by DEA during my tenure as DEA country attache in Nicosia.
"Khaled Nazir Jafaar was never a DEA cooperating individual nor was he known to be a 'mule' (drug courier) for DEA. To my knowledge he was never a CI for any other agency during my tenure as DEA country attache in Nicosia ...
"I hereby declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
"Signed this 31st day of May, 1991, Micheal T. Hurley, Special Agent, Drug Enforcement Administration."
As Coleman explained to James Shaughnessy, after going over Hurley's declaration and correcting its deficiencies, this was no more than he had expected. The astonishing thing was that in the other declaration, by Colonel Terry Bathen, the DIA actually acknowledged that Coleman had been working for them -- and at a time when Hurley had declared that Coleman was working for him.
"I was very surprised they did that (Coleman says). It was the first admission that the DIA had been running intelligence operations that monitored and duplicated CIA operations and that there was hostility and suspicion between them. In fact, by acknowledging my existence, I think the DIA acknowledged its own existence for the first time in public.
"I also think it was a back-handed way of having a swat at the DEA for putting the skids under me with that phony passport rap. In making this disclosure, the DIA was sending them a message: 'Hey, one of our guys was watching what you did. We know what was really going on there, so watch your step.' The thing they were concerned about was the barter of drugs for arms. Narco-terrorism was a fact. The DEA and the CIA were involved in highly questionable relationships that could -- and did -- explode in their faces."
Apart from the key admission that 'Mr. Coleman was formerly associated with a Department of Defense intelligence activity', Colonel Bathen's declaration, like Hurley's, was concerned to minimize the nature and significance of that association. Appointed to the post of assistant general counsel long after the events in question, he numbered among his responsibilities 'the processing of litigation requests for classified national security information'.
'In response to the criminal and civil matters involving Mr. Coleman,' he declared, 'I personally reviewed the automated and documentary files of the Defense Intelligence Agency ... My review of Department of Defense HUMINT records reveals that ... on or about October 25, 1985, Mr. Coleman contacted Defense Intelligence Agency personnel by telephone and volunteered to provide information concerning the Middle East. Mr. Coleman's offer to provide videotapes associated with his travels in that part of the world was favorably evaluated, and he became affiliated with a classified Department of Defense Intelligence activity during December 1985.'
According to Colonel Bathen's review of the records, Coleman did not operate a network of intelligence agents, nor was he instructed to apply for a passport in the name of Thomas Leavy.
'Mr. Coleman received limited monthly compensation for his activities from July 16, 1986, until November 1986,' Bathen went on, 'when he was placed in a dormant status pending resolution of various actions by him which were inconsistent with any continuation of his intelligence-related activities. While Mr. Coleman's status was periodically reevaluated during 1987 and 1988, he performed no services for Department of Defense intelligence activities after 30 November 1986.'
This gobbledegook was followed by a denial that the DEA had ever asked the DIA for Coleman's help in the Middle East or that the DIA had ever directed him to break off his relationship with that agency. Colonel Bathen also denied that the DIA had reactivated Coleman in November 1989 or ordered him to proceed to the Middle East under the name of Thomas Leavy.
Content that the agency had acknowledged him, Coleman and Shaughnessy found the rest of the Bathen declaration more interesting for what it did not say. From the Hurley affidavit, the stamps in Coleman's passport and other documents and witnesses, it was clear that the operational arm of the DIA had not been entirely frank with its assistant general counsel.
"I'm supposed to have contacted the DIA by telephone to volunteer my services? [Coleman scoffs]. Where did I get the number from? The Yellow Pages? And why drop eleven months from the record? So as not to hurt Pat Robertson's feelings? I was recruited in December 1984, not '85.
"My passport shows I arrived in Lebanon in February 1985. I was under cover as an employee of the Christian Broadcasting Network. After that assignment, I came home in October '85 and met Control in McCloskey's home to set up Condor Television Ltd. And I'm not surprised the DIA described that as a classified intelligence activity because the agency had no Congressional authority at that time to set up front companies. What they did instead was use 'cut-outs' -- companies set up by individual agents or third parties but funded and operated by the agency. The DIA was the acknowledged master of the cut-out and the CIA had copied them. It was a great way of getting out from under Congressional oversight, raising plausible deniability to the level of an art form.
"But the interesting thing is that Bathen puts me with the DIA in December 1985 and Hurley says I went to work for the DEA in January '86. So according to their declarations, for four months, until I was pulled out to go to Libya in April, the government acknowledges I was working for both agencies at the same time -- without Hurley knowing it, of course.
"It's also interesting that DIA says I received limited monthly compensation from July until November 1986, while I was still on Hurley's books. In July, I was issued with a Sony camcorder. Bathen doesn't mention this but the DIA eventually admitted it to my attorney in Chicago. In September, I used the camcorder in Lebanon and brought it back to the States. On Control's instructions, I took it out again when I was assigned to DEA Cyprus in February '87 and left it behind with Tony Asmar's people in Beirut when I came home that August. The following spring, after Tony was killed, I retrieved it from Lebanon and returned with it.
"So there I was, working with the DIA's equipment all through '87 and the early part of '88, and guess what? The camcorder was still signed out to me when I was arrested in May 1990. Now they say I performed no services for them after November 1986? I was debriefed by Donleavy on each of those operations -- which I guess is what Bathen meant when he said I was 'periodically reevaluated' during '87 and '88. Plus there are all the back-channel reports I filed twice a week.
"It's obvious to me that the office of general counsel, for its own protection, is out of the loop as far as classified HUMINT operations are concerned. Like he says, Bathen's declaration was based on information made available to him. But I'm still grateful the DIA owned up to the fact that I worked for them. They didn't have to do that. It's what's known in the trade as a 'limited hang-out' -- admitting just enough of the truth to create an impression of candour without giving the game away."
Meanwhile, James Shaughnessy had been doing his best to get around the government's stonewall defence of its files by seeking Hague Convention letters of request to depose witnesses and suspects turned up by the Flight 103 investigation. In Frankfurt, on 6 May 1991, a series of written questions were put to PFLP-GC members Dalkamoni and Ghadanfar, who had been arrested in Germany in October 1988, and who were then on trial for a series of terrorist acts. Not unexpectedly, they refused to testify.
On 8 and 10 May, Shaughnessy attempted to depose Bert Pinsdorf and Hartmut Mayer of the BKA, with whom Coleman had discussed the Lockerbie disaster on the telephone. Under instructions from the German Ministry of the Interior, Pinsdorf refused to answer most of the questions put to him, while Mayer, who had originally referred Coleman to Pinsdorf, merely confirmed that he was the BKA's narcotics agent on Cyprus and that he knew Coleman had worked for the DEA there with Hurley and Ganem.
On 10 and 12 June, Shaughnessy went to Sweden to depose PFLP-GC members Abu Talb and Mahmoud Moghrabi, who were both serving prison terms for terrorist offences. They, too, declined to answer almost all the questions put to them.
Refusing to give up, Shaughnessy would later try, with no greater success, to depose Phillip Connelly of H.M. Customs and Excise; Dr Thomas Hayes, the scientist responsible for most of the hard forensic evidence in the Flight 103 investigation; and the two principals of the Swiss firm who made the timers sold to the Libyans; but meanwhile, on 7 June 1991, argument was heard in New York's Eastern District Court on the government's motion to dismiss Pan Am's third-party complaint.
After hearing both sides, Chief Judge Platt evidently shared Shaughnessy's view that the motion was premature for he declared that Pan Am was entitled to discovery from the government before the court ruled on the matter. Six weeks later, on 19 July, he went further and entered an order requiring the government to respond to Pan Am's subpoenas, for he had taken the point that, while the government continued to sit on all the evidence, Shaughnessy could neither proceed with his clients' claim nor prepare a proper defence to the civil suits.
For a while it looked as if the truth might finally come out, but by a series of manoeuvres the government now asserted the state secrets privilege. In Shaughnessy's absence --indeed, without his knowledge -- government counsel made a selective showing of documents to the court in camera, and at a conference called on 20 September, Chief Judge Platt reversed himself. Without identifying the documents he had seen, he told Shaughnessy that the government had validly asserted the state secrets privilege, that there was nothing in the documents to support third-party claims, and that he was therefore denying Pan Am discovery.
Whereupon, Shaughnessy asked if this meant that the court was dismissing Pan Am's third-party claims, as he had made it clear that he could not proceed without discovery. To his surprise, Chief Judge Platt declared that, to the contrary, he was denying the government's motion to dismiss the suit, that the government would be kept in the litigation until the conclusion of the liability trial, and that he was putting the government under the continuing duty to produce any evidence it developed bearing on the third-party claim. When Shaughnessy asked for leave to appeal this decision to the Second Circuit, the request was denied.
That was on 20 September 1991. After that, he concentrated on preparing for the civil liability trial and, to all intents and purposes, the case against the government was abandoned. Nevertheless, the ground had to be cleared, for the court now set provisional trial dates in April 1992, for both the passenger liability suits and the third-party claims.
On 20 March, Shaughnessy again applied to the court for an order either granting discovery and severing the third-party suit for trial later or dismissing the suit altogether. There was no way, he said, that Pan Am, with or without discovery, could prove its claim with admissible evidence at a trial scheduled to start in one month. Opposing the motion, government counsel demanded for the second time that the court impose punitive sanctions on Shaughnessy and his law firm.
Chief Judge Platt again declined to do this, but on 16 April, denied Pan Am's motion in its entirety, neither granting discovery nor dismissing the suit. As this was clearly unacceptable to both sides, a further conference was called on 24 April, three days before the trial date set for both actions, at which the government once again asked for Pan Am's suit to be dismissed.
In reply, Shaughnessy once again reminded the court that the government had never answered the complaint, and that, as discovery had been denied, Pan Am's claims could not be proved by admissible evidence. With this, Chief Judge Platt finally dismissed the third-party action, but with the proviso that he would reinstate the suit if evidence was developed to support it.
And there matters rested until 27 April 1992, when the trial at last began of the Lockerbie families' liability suit against Pan Am -- and when that week's edition of Time magazine promised its readers 'The Untold Story of Pan Am 103 '.
The response to Time's cover article, researched for five months by Roy Rowan, a veteran reporter and editor with 44 years' experience, ranged from the hysterical to the vindictive, with some of its more extravagant critics suggesting that Pan Am had somehow arranged for its publication on that date in order to influence the liability trial. Besides the timing of its appearance, Rowan's reliance on Juval Aviv and Lester Coleman as two of his sources was clearly the reason for all the excitement.
Lee Kreindler, lead counsel for the victims' families, immediately filed a motion for the discharge of the jury because of the unexpected publication of 'the most shocking and most prejudicial false information about the Lockerbie story'. This 'false information', he said, 'bears directly on the trial and it appears to have been given to Time by the defendants'. He asked for a judicial inquiry into the circumstances of its publication as, in his view, it was 'bound to poison the mind of every juror picked'.
Chief Judge Platt did not agree, and ordered the trial to proceed. He also banned all the attorneys in the case from speaking to the media, which had immediately pounced on the Time story and relayed its conclusions around the world.
In essence, Rowan's article had suggested that Flight 103 might have been targeted by Ahmed Jibril's PFLP-GC because of the American intelligence team on board, led by Major Charles Dennis McKee of the DIA. Still further undermining the official Libyan theory, Rowan also quoted at length from the FBI field report that cast doubt on the reliability of Frankfurt's baggage computer records, leaving open the possibility that a 'rogue' bag containing the bomb had been 'inserted in the baggage system'.
This rogue bag, he suggested, 'may have been placed on board the plane by Jibril's group with the help of Monzer al-Kassar, a Syrian drug dealer who was cooperating with the US's Drug Enforcement Administration in a drug sting operation. Al-Kassar thus may have been playing both sides of the fence.'
Much of the information about al-Kassar was provided by Juval Aviv, who still stood by his original assertion that a 'freewheeling CIA unit codenamed COREA was instrumental in allowing the PFLP-GC to engineer the baggage-switch. But Rowan had also unearthed a fresh piece of verifiable evidence which supported the FBI field report and showed how a rogue bag could have been exchanged for an innocent one and loaded aboard Flight 103.
Two identical Samsonite suitcases full of Christmas presents were among 11 bags belonging to passengers on a delayed Berlin-Frankfurt feeder flight that were left behind when their owners caught an earlier connection to London. These unaccompanied bags were entered into Frankfurt airport's computer system and sent on via Flight 103. But only one suitcase of Christmas presents was recovered at Lockerbie. 'The other was mysteriously left behind in Frankfurt, and arrived safely in Seattle a day later.'
Further undermining the government's contention that the bomb was contained in an unaccompanied suitcase from Malta was Rowan's revelation that James Shaughnessy had taken depositions from 20 officials who had been on duty at Luqa airport on 21 December 1988, 'including the airport security commander, the bomb-disposal engineer who inspected all the baggage, the general manager of ground operations of Air Malta, the head loader of Flight 180 and the three check-in agents. Their records showed that no unaccompanied suitcases were put aboard the flight, and some of the staff Shaughnessy interviewed are prepared to testify under oath that there was no bag that day destined for Pan Am Flight 103.'
Rowan next turned to what he had learned from Lester Coleman while researching the article, most of it echoing what Coleman had set out in his affidavit, and then came back to Juval Aviv's theory that Major McKee's intelligence team, learning of al-Kassar's connection with the CIA COREA unit, had decided to fly back unannounced to Washington to expose the secret deal between them.
'Apparently the team's movements were being tracked by the Iranians,' he wrote, citing the David Lovejoy calls to the Iranian Embassy in Beirut. 'Lovejoy's last call came on 20 December, allegedly informing the Iranians that the team would be on Pan Am Flight 103 the following day.' The result, Rowan suggested, was that the terrorists set out to kill them because of their planned hostage-rescue mission, although, he added, 'the FBI says it investigated the theory that McKee's team was targeted, and found no evidence to support it.'
Coleman does not believe it either, nor does he believe there was any freewheeling CIA unit codenamed COREA. From his personal observations, he believes that local CIA agents, working with local DEA agents, kept the khouriah pipeline open long after its security had been breached, and that the terrorists, who had been tracking the Jafaars, took advantage of one controlled delivery too many to switch a suitcase containing heroin for another containing a bomb. The deaths of five American intelligence agents, in Coleman's opinion, was an unexpected bonus.
But a contribution from another of Rowan's sources struck an eerie chord in his memory. The Time article described how Richard Gazarik, a reporter for the Tribune-Review, of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, had found in the lining of Major McKee's wallet, after it was returned to his mother, what Gazarik had assumed were the codenames of McKee's intelligence team: Chuck Capone (presumably McKee himself), Nelson, Dillinger, Bonnie (although there was no woman in the group) and Clyde.
During his first DIA assignment in Beirut, Coleman had serviced a dead drop for the Green Berets at Juicy-Burger, a hamburger stand in East Beirut. The owners were an American couple codenamed Bonnie and Clyde.
In London, the Observer greeted the Time cover story with barely concealed disgust. Two years earlier, its reporter John Merritt had interviewed Juval Aviv in New York and found him wanting, and Time had not mellowed his opinion.
'By Time's own admission,' he wrote, 'the article makes much use of the Aviv information. But it is not just its timing that raises questions. It is clear that Mr. Aviv's strange concoction remains the central plank of the insurers' defence. And therefore, as well as obscuring the issue of Pan Am's negligence with bizarre and unsubstantiated claims, it enables the defendants to claim an unfair hearing because the US government is "covering up" vital evidence.'
As Shaughnessy had been at pains to show that Aviv's connection with Pan Am had ended two years previously and that since then much other information had been assembled from many other sources, Merritt's strictures seemed unwarranted. Referring to the Interfor Report, he again insisted that 'both it and Mr. Aviv were discredited by an Observer investigation more than two years ago. The Observer subsequently gave evidence on Mr. Aviv in a New York hearing related to Lockerbie which led to him being "deemed not to be a credible witness".'
This could well serve as a textbook example of obfuscation. The Observer investigation had identified some minor flaws in the peripheral detail of Aviv's report and, on the strength of this, had simply poured scorn on the rest.
The purpose of the New York hearing 'related to Lockerbie' had been to determine whether or not Aviv's Interfor Report could be treated as a privileged work document after its findings had been leaked to the press. Merritt gave evidence which showed that Aviv had leaked at least some of its findings to him, and it was Aviv's denial that he had done so which Magistrate Judge Ross deemed not to be credible. The substance of the Interfor Report was not discussed.
On the other side of the Atlantic, the Washington Post on 26 April 1992, carried a more measured, though still hostile, response to the Time article by David Leppard, of The Sunday Times. Though also committed to the official version of events, Leppard at least acknowledged that a few other people had contributed to Rowan's article besides Juval Aviv. Not that he set much store by what they had to say.
'The Time story, which laid out little new evidence, draws heavily on the case assembled by Pan Am's lawyers,' he wrote dismissively, before proceeding in his own article to draw heavily on the case prepared for the victims' families by 'veteran air-crash lawyer Lee Kreindler'.
'A review of the case files, evidence and other materials,' Leppard declared, 'shows that Kreindler's case is built on the premise that the bomb suitcase reached Frankfurt via Air Malta Flight 180 from the Mediterranean island and was transferred -- unaccompanied by any passenger -- to Pan Am 103 at Frankfurt. He will try to prove Pan Am committed the cardinal sin of airline security: allowing an unaccompanied, unaccounted-for bag into an airliner cargo hold. Kreindler's theory parallels the criminal conspiracy case assembled by the FBI and Scottish police ...'
Leppard then turned to the alternative theory that the bomb bag had been switched for another in the airport's baggage-handling area and duly noted, without comment, the 'previously undisclosed FBI memo' which concluded, after a review of the airport's baggage-handling records, that 'the possibility' remained that no luggage had been transferred from Flight 180 to Flight 103.
This reminded him of the polygraph tests that two of Pan Am's Frankfurt baggage-handlers flunked when questioned about a possible suitcase switch. 'When the airline later flew the two men to London on a pretext,' he went on, 'British authorities refused to interrogate the pair. Time's unstated implication: The British were cooperating with US intelligence to protect any covert links to the bomb plotters.'
Well? If Time had got it wrong, what did Leppard read into the British authorities' refusal? He did not say. Nor was he inclined to speculate about the conclusion drawn by the FBI memo which indicated a 'possibility' that the entire Libyan theory was wrong, if not a deliberate fabrication.
Demonstrating the 'unusual and controversial lengths' to which Pan Am's lawyers were prepared to go, he wrote, they had even tried through the London courts to 'force' him to divulge some of his own 'sources and materials'. As this was an attempt by Pan Am to clarify an opinion expressed to Leppard by Dr. Thomas Hayes, the lead forensic scientist in the Flight 103 investigation, and already published in Leppard's book, it is not clear why he would have wished to withhold this source material in the first place. Nor did he explain why he thought it 'unusual and controversial' for Pan Am to want to know more about Dr. Hayes's reported belief that the Lockerbie bomb was a dual device, incorporating both a barometric switch and a timer, when the Libyan/Air Malta theory rested in part on the bomb-maker's use of a Swiss timer alone.
As in any attempt to establish the truth, until the facts come out, who can say whose cause they will favour?
Certainly, Leppard appeared to favour the official line, for he went on to remind his Washington Post readers that a shopkeeper in Malta had identified one of the two Libyans indicted for the bombing as the purchaser of the clothing wrapped around the bomb (without mentioning that the shopkeeper had previously identified somebody else), and that a Libyan defector 'with detailed inside knowledge of the plot' was standing by to testify against his former colleagues (without referring to the reported $4 million reward for his testimony).
Leppard also subscribed to the government view that Juval Aviv was 'a primary source for Pan Am's lawyers'. While conceding that Time had not mentioned Khalid Nazir Jafaar in its article, he used Aviv's finding that Jafaar had been the unwitting instrument in getting the bomb aboard to link Aviv with Lester Coleman, whose affidavit supported that conclusion.
'Coleman in an interview told me he has no first-hand knowledge of the circumstances of Flight 103,' wrote Leppard. 'Moreover, if Aviv's bag-switch thesis is true, one of Jafaar's checked-in bags would have been left behind at Frankfurt and therefore unaccounted for in the Lockerbie debris. But both of Jafaar's checked-in bags were recovered undamaged from the crash scene. Scottish investigators who interviewed Frankfurt airport staff found no one who could recall him with a bronze Samsonite suitcase.'
When Coleman spoke to Leppard on the telephone, he certainly agreed he had no first-hand knowledge of the circumstances of Flight 103 -- he had been back in the United States for seven months when the attack occurred. But that was not all that he told him. He also said that he did have first-hand knowledge that Jafaar was a DEA courier making controlled deliveries of heroin to the United States in 1988 -- which was, after all, the point of his affidavit.
As for Jafaar's baggage, his father was reported to have said that Khalid had travelled with two soft holdalls that he would normally have taken with him into the cabin -- and Khalid's two soft holdalls were, as Leppard said, 'recovered undamaged from the crash scene'.
Given the inadequacy of Pan Am's baggage records -- a central plank in the plaintiffs' liability suit -- there is nothing to indicate that he did not also check in a Samsonite suitcase. And given that the terrorists did not expect him or the aircraft to survive the flight, there was no reason why they should have left a suitcase behind at Frankfurt. They would simply have added the bomb bag to the rest of the Flight 103 passenger luggage, relying on the explosion to destroy all the evidence, including any discrepancies in the loading list.
As the government's attorneys had insisted before Chief Judge Platt, just ten days before Leppard's article appeared: 'Pan Am's own records and procedures are in such disarray that the only thing they prove is that Pan Am had no idea what baggage was on the aircraft.'
Further evidence of this disarray, as Leppard noted, was the story Time had unearthed of the two unaccompanied suitcases full of Christmas presents that had been routed on from Frankfurt to the US via Flight 103. Unimpressed by the fact that one had unaccountably been left behind, he wrote: 'Time offers no evidence of how a quick-moving bomb plot could have hinged on the chance availability of an appropriate bag for the necessary switch.'
This was either disingenuous or he had missed the point. Time had not suggested any such connection. Rowan's article was concerned only with showing that a rogue bag could have been 'inserted into the automated baggage-control system, as the secret FBI report indicates was possible'.
And not just 'possible'. The report described how, in September 1989, Detective Inspector Watson McAteer and Special Agent Lawrence G. Whitaker actually witnessed a baggage-handler bring in a piece of luggage, encode a destination for it into the computer, and toss it on to the 'secure' conveyor without making any notation on the worksheet.
The procedure for bag-switching was in place, and had been used many times by narcotics smugglers and DEA couriers. But in this instance, as the terrorists expected Flight 103 to crash into the Atlantic, there was no reason for them to substitute one suitcase for another, let alone to leave anything behind that might give the game away. The only requirement was to get the bomb bag aboard.
Leppard concluded his article for the Washington Post with a dutiful nod to the Libyan theory by suggesting that the bombing of Flight 103 could as readily have been a revenge attack for the American air raids on Tripoli 1986 as an Iranian-inspired revenge for the downing of its Airbus.
'The assertions supplied by Aviv and Coleman,' he wrote, 'require a different explanation, one which Time relates to its readers.'
This is not so. As Coleman had been at pains to point out in his telephone interview with Leppard, he had always believed that the attack on Flight 103 was inspired and financed by the Iranians, and carried out by Syrian-backed terrorists using bomb components in all probability supplied by the Libyans. He had never subscribed to the Time/Aviv theory that the flight was deliberately targeted by Monzer al-Kassar because an American intelligence team was aboard, although he has no doubt that al-Kassar's drug-smuggling arrangements at Frankfurt were employed to put the bomb in the cargo hold.
'There is not a scrap of evidence that Kassar was anywhere near Frankfurt at the time of the attack,' Leppard concluded, 'nor is there a witness who will say that he conspired in the bombing.' (That is certainly true. No professional criminal would risk being caught at the scene of a crime if his presence was not required, least of all a CIA asset. And the only possible witnesses against al-Kassar are either his co-conspirators or his CIA control, none of whom seem likely to come forward voluntarily.)
'No other witness can testify to the real motives behind the attack.' (That, too, is true -- unless or until Ali Akbar Mohtashemi, Iran's former Minister of the Interior, or Ahmed Jibril, head of the PFLP-GC, decide to publish their memoirs.)
'Such are the Byzantine tales that await the jury in the case of Pan Am 103,' concluded Leppard, having himself contributed to some of them.
On the next day, 27 April 1992, jury selection began in the civil liability case before Chief Judge Thomas C. Platt, United States District Court, Eastern District of New York.

subset: commoncrawl


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As you can tell I only have one post other then this one and I've had the site up for over a week now. If you have visited the site (which I don't think so) over the past few weeks you probably saw it changing some as I've been trying out some themes and trying to find the right plugins. I'm still working on that but think I'm getting there so hopefully I'll actually start posting information other then my progress.
Let me know what you think and any good wordpress plugins to use!
Oh ya, and trying out raptr too, check out my card:


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Feast of St Eustathius the Great Martyr, His Wife and Two Children
Christ in His Saints by Patrick Henry Reardon
CHRIST IN His Saints is the beautiful exposition of nearly 150 saints from both the Old and New Testaments. As a speaker, pastor, and author, Fr. Reardon's reflections are timely and insightful; there is more here than mere accounts of the lives of our holy ancestors in Christ. His narrative is weighted with doctrine, history, and theology revealed through each saint's Christian journey. One essay, "the conversion of St. Paul," begins as a meditation of Jesus washing the disciples' feet, showing that Christ chooses how and when He will bring us to repentance. Jesus Himself selects the time, the place, and the vessels of His revelation. Christ in His Saints helps us see the continuity of Scripture as a history of God's unrelenting love for very normal people. The book is divided into saints "Clever and Wise," "Questions and Questioners," "Repentant Saints," and even "Saints in Need of Improvement." Seen through the imagination of Reardon's writing, our lives and the lives of these very human heroes don't seem at all disconnected.
314 pp. paper $21.95
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This page lists information about a lecture Shaykh Hamza gave. It organizes what quotes he made, which books he recommended, and links to a transcript, if one is available.
When available, click the Lecture CD image, to link to it's Amazon page, where you can purchase the CD set.
|I`m Dysfunctional, You`re Dysfunctional: The Recovery Movement and Other Self-Help Fashions
|Emotional Intelligence / Self / Social Behaviour


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The Caine Prize is the most prestigious award in African literature and can propel the careers of those who win it and those who are shortlisted. This year, the winner broke the mould and showed the judges are prepared to look beyond the usual parameters of literary talent to unearth Africa's best writers. Here are some interesting facts on this year's winner…..
Category Archive: Literature
For many, enjoying and exploring African literature is a matter of ordering books on Amazon and patiently waiting […]
"The answer to the question, "who should you be reading?", is surely, whoever you damn well like. But, and there is always a "but", in order to determine what you like, you need as much exposure to different writers, genres and markets so that the choices you arrive at are not just subjective, but informed."
Before we begin, an apology. We are all aware that there are far too many of these types of Internet articles, which command us, in various guises, to read or include certain African writers on our summer/autumn reading lists. The largely imaginary risk of non-compliance is exclusion from a tightly bound community of Africa's literary elite endorsed by Western publishing houses. What is the objective of these lists? Is it to promote certain African authors who have been overlooked by the literary cognoscenti; both domestic and international?
The issue is this, when standing in a bookshop in a mall or idly browsing on Amazon before a holiday or after a tough day at work, where does one find the African equivalent of a John Grisham novel, i.e. an easily digestible thriller or mystery with no weightier theme than the pursuit of a villain and triumph of a hero or similar fare in the realm of romance or comedy?
Outside of the English speaking world, authors whose nationalities hail from Asia, the Middle East, Russia, continental Europe and South America will be widely published (and in some cases will write) in their native tongue for a local audience.
In 1975 Chinua Achebe wrote a speech entitled "The African Writer and the English Language". It raised the vexed, emotionally fraught question of why most of our celebrated African literature is written and published in Sub-Saharan Africa only in the English language.


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In the same way you learnt to read the English language as a young child, so too will you have to learn the language of algebra. It's a whole new way of thinking, so the more you expose yourself to it, the better you will become. Here are some ways to get the right kind of algebra exposure you need to improve on the subject.
Learn the terms
Find a homework help service that teaches you the various terms in algebra. A comprehensive list of terms acts as a dictionary, so having one on hand will prove to be a great reference guide while solving problems. An algebra homework help service that offers this is a good start for any algebra student.
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Whether you are seeking help on video sites or on an actual math website, always take part in forums. Find an algebra homework help website that allows you to ask questions on an open forum so that you can gain insight into problems that have stumped you. Forums are full of teachers and students who are ready to share their knowledge with you.
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Once you've received the information you need on the forum, don't log off just yet. The best way to saturate what you've learnt is to teach it to someone else. While you're on algebra forums, answer those same questions you once struggled with. Give battling students some helpful answers and watch how your own knowledge starts to gain momentum.
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Let these four points act as a guide during your algebra homework help search. Remember to immerse yourself in the world of algebra a little bit every day, as this will condition your brain to slowly understand the basics, as well as the intricacies of the subject.


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It was with rancour that she climbed up the ladder.
"So you're leaving after all?" she asked, feigning nonchalance.
"You know it," he said with pretended indifference.
"Well then," she said.
"'Twas good while it lasted," he said, turning his rocket on.
Because spaceboys are very bad at expressing themselves.


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There's one more excuse to eat curry: beating dementia.
Apparently, the spicy hot Indian dish already loved around the world is also food for the brain, Mail Online reports, citing German researchers.
The secret is a compound in the aromatic spice turmeric, a key ingredient in most curries, that helps repair brain tissue in people with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
In laboratory tests, aromatic turmerone triggered the proliferation of brain stem cells and their development into neurons.
The findings could help scientists develop treatments for conditions in which brain cells are lost, including Alzheimer's and stroke.
"While several substances have been described to promote stem cell proliferation in the brain, fewer drugs additionally promote the differentiation of stem cells into neurons, which constitutes a major goal in regenerative medicine," lead researcher Adele Rueger from the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine in Julich, Germany, said.
"Our findings on aromatic turmerone take us one step closer to achieving this goal."
The scientists examined the effect of aromatic turmerone on endogenous neutral stem cells in adult brains.
They found that these cells develop into neurons and play an important role in recovery from neurodegenerative diseases, the report said.
At certain concentrations, the turmeric compound boosted the proliferation of rat fetal cells by up to 80 percent and increased the speed at which they matured.
But enough already. I'd rather put curry in my mouth than in my head.
– Contact us at [email protected]


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Today ask someone at random, standing on Gearing's Point, for a single word explaining why she/he is in Hermanus and the answer will be: "Whales". If you had asked the same question to someone as recently as the 1980s, the answer would almost certainly have been: "Holidays". Historically people have been coming to Hermanus for holidays for 200 years, and during much of that time, the southern right whale was being hunted almost to extinction. While conservation measures and successful marketing have driven up whale awareness, even now whale-watching is usually part of a holiday experience for most people.
The idea of an annual or family holiday is relatively modern. In Britain, North America and Europe a holiday of several days or a couple of weeks only became possible in the 20th century, with the implementation of paid leave from work. In South Africa farmers were able to take summer holidays as early as 1800, and, interestingly, dominees of the Dutch Reformed Church were also afforded an annual break – many came to Onrust (as it was then) and some even to the Sanatorium, where they might well have met Dr. Andrew Murray. But for the average middle class family the annual holiday came later - in the 1930s and 1940s for the white population. The majority of the South African population do not aspire to a holiday even now.
When the first families moved to Hermanuspietersfontein in 1857 they did not have any ideas of establishing a holiday destination. They were looking for a safer harbour and better fishing and the people who came to settle with them were either involved in the fishing trade or had agricultural interests in the area. But, as the 20th century approached, Hermanus began to experience the economic advantages of being a holiday destination.
The growth in popularity of the summer holiday coincides exactly with the growth of Hermanus. From 1895, when Walter MacFarlane extended his home to take in overnight guests, the growth of the town as a holiday destination was driven by the increasing numbers of families that could afford to take holidays. By as early as 1910, the population of Hermanus in holiday times consisted of a relatively small number of permanent residents and huge inflows of non-residents, often increasing the population by a factor of four during December and January. This pattern persists till today.
We have evidence that farmers from the Caledon district (and further afield) took their summer holidays in this area long before the town of Hermanus existed. Generally, the extended family came by ox waggon, and camped near a convenient source of water and a place to fish. Servants (sometimes still slaves) accompanied the family to allow the women a break from domestic duties. Live animals were brought to provide milk and meat during the holiday, although the families ate more fresh fish and shellfish than were available at home. They lived out of and sometimes under their waggons, until, in the 1780s, one Hendrick Cloete of the farm Nooitgedacht in the Stellenbosch district, acquired land and built the first 'holiday home', De Mondhuis, at the mouth of the Klein River lagoon. He referred to it as his 'fraaie osseplaats' or 'beautiful ox farm'.
However, all other families continued to take holidays in the old-fashioned way, and no other permanent holiday structures appeared until the first sites were sold in Hermanuspietersfontein in 1855. There are several detailed accounts of the journey to Hermanus undertaken by families in the early 1900s. S J du Toit collected one from Professor Andree-Jeanne Totemeyer, who was a young child in the early 1900s when this epic journey was undertaken on an annual basis by her family. The family started from Somerset West and travelled via Rooiels and Kleinmond to Voelklip. The ox wagon was heavily loaded so the children walked behind it the whole way. The journey lasted three days, during which they forded the Steenbras River (sometimes in flood) and crossed the Palmiet River by pont. At Voelklip, the family camped under milkwood trees, their cattle and sheep grazed nearby, but they had a marine diet of fish and shellfish. They usually stayed for six weeks and their father who was a dominee, preached to nearby congregations and even christened babies and married couples.
Since then the town has experienced waves of types of holiday makers, each of which found what they wanted in the town and surrounding countryside. However, we need to recognise a basic division that separated two classes of holiday-maker in Hermanus from the start and still does.
The first class of holiday-makers comprises those who own a holiday home in Hermanus, accepting the obligations of local taxes and service charges to ensure that the house is available whenever needed. A large number of houses specifically built as holiday homes are found in Voelklip, dating from the 1920s and 1930s, and built by the Moore family, whose ancestors had come to South Africa to build Sir Robert Stanford's Mill. Voelklip holiday homes are now very valuable and are passed down from generation to generation.
The other group have no investment in housing in Hermanus and rent accommodation as needed, sometimes in a B&B or guesthouse or hotel, but very often from the owner of a holiday home.
We can identify at least six types of holiday maker in Hermanus over the 125 years:
- (From 1890s to 1930s): people suffering from specific pulmonary illnesses, such as tuberculosis, or recuperating from other illnesses, who were (and, to a small extent, still are) attracted by the healthy air of Hermanus. These were the earliest 'medical tourists', arriving when Dr. Hoffmann opened his Sanatorium in 1896 and continuing to be an important group till the end of the 1930s. They were generally well-off and their spending had a positive effect on the local economy, disproportionate to their numbers.
- (from 1940s to present):those seeking an affordable family holiday, renting a house or rooms in a house, close to the popular bathing beaches for children. There are records of families taking holidays as early as 1902, when it took two days to get to Hermanus from Cape Town – train to Sir Lowry's Pass, ox wagon over the Pass and to the Palmiet River where they stayed overnight, then mule cart via Bot River, Hawston and Onrus and entering Hermanus from the west. Mr. Sidney Gearing (later a Mayor of Hermanus) took this journey annually with his large family for many years, staying in the family holiday home in Marine Drive.
- (from 1920s to date): wealthy people seeking complete leisure, preferably pampered, in classy surroundings, socialising with people of a similar upper class and willing to pay more for this. Most of this group stayed at one of the 13 hotels operating in the 1930 and 1940s, when this class of holidaymaker flocked to Hermanus. Unfortunately, there are few statistics available, except for the Marine Hotel. Joey van Rhyn Luyt, the wife of the owner P John Luyt wrote a memoir of the Marine Hotel from 1915 to 1940, which was continued by her daughter Berdine, until 1947. Their writings give a vivid picture of the guests, ranging from British and European royalty and aristocracy, to wealthy businesspeople, politicians and artists. Joey Luyt mentions more than 260 individuals of this class by name. Her account can be found in a publication of the Hermanus History Society entitled "In Those Days: The Story of Joey van Rhyn Luyt at the Marine Hotel, Hermanus." The Marine Hotel is now the only venue offering holidays comparable to the heydays of its own service and that were available at the Riviera, the Bayview, the Birkenhead, the Windsor and some of the other nine hotels that existed at the peak of Hermanus's popularity with the rich and famous.
- (from 1920s to date): Those seeking an activities holiday, with accommodation not a top priority compared to fishing, golf, bowls, sailing, and hiking, mountain biking and other strenuous activities. The important factor here is not accommodation, but access to sports activities and Hermanus has produced a very high number of clubs and societies and invested in facilities to satisfy these holidaymakers. P John Luyt was a great proponent of these clubs and succeeded in persuading Prince Arthur of Connaught (Queen Victoria's grandson) to open the Golf Club in 1923. Today, there are many takers for activities he would never have dreamed of, such as shark cage diving, paragliding and 'extreme sports'.
- (from early 1900s to date): Those seeking a 'back-to-nature' holiday, camping in a decent camping ground, cooking for themselves over an open fire, and generally being 'outdoorsy'. Hermanus has not been so successful in catering to this group and even the caravan park has now closed. However, Onrus does cater for them.
- (from 1920s to date): Starting in the 1920s and growing ever since, travellers seeking an environmental experience, with the emphasis first on 'wild flower' (fynbos) viewing and then extending to hiking and whale watching. In modern terms these are 'eco-tourists'. Most analysts agree that this group is the wave of the future as they have so many positive impacts on the host locality, and generally very few negative impacts. Members of this group are generally older, more affluent and more aware of damage they might cause to the environment. They are seeking knowledge, not thrills or parties, and spend on local produce and goods. Often, they arrive in organised groups and are more likely to tell friends about their experience, thereby sustaining the flow of holiday makers.
Many writers have left accounts of their special or typical holiday in Hermanus. In the next article we will learn about some of these in the words of each writer.
This article is part of a series presented by the Hermanus History Society and written by Robin Lee. If you are interested in joining the History Society or buying a copy of the book mentioned please contact Robin Lee: 028 312 4072 or email@example.com


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Devotional | Learning to Lean
Setting your heart on the love of Heavenly Father.
"Since, then, you have been raised with Christ, set your hearts on things above..." (Colossians 3:1 NIV)
As a child of God you have been made whole. You are not lacking what you need to fully satisfy the desire in your heart for love. Your desire to be loved can be and already is met by Jesus. Our Father is not interested in only what you can do for Him; rather, He desires and craves our hearts response to His love. Jesus was a man who lived in connection with the heart of His Father. The way we choose to respond to His love determines how we will receive His love. The response of your heart will be reflected in your actions. How open are you with those around you?
Are you open to setting your heart on things above—receive the love of your heavenly Father? Or are you closed to Him? God cannot fully reveal Himself to you if your heart is telling Him to step away. You can limit how you receive His love if you decide to close your heart. However, in His grace and mercy He does not give up on us. Even as we say no, He does not change, nor does His passion for you leave His heart. He continually gazes upon His children with delight and joy.
To live in connection with His heart begins with the response of your heart. Our hearts response to His heart can either be "Yes, I receive your love" or "No, I do not want your love." God is not one to push you into being His daughter or son. He is not controlling. Therefore, if you decide to say no, He will honor your decision and with His heart wide open for you, He will wait patiently for you. God desires passionate lovers who do not simply submit to Him out of obligation. He wants our hearts to connect with what is above.
God wants to make Himself real to you so He is not just a distant thought. Why not focus on things above—His love—and invite Him to come closer to you today?


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Product 11/108
Style: Pearl, Diamonte Beaded Trim
Colour: Champagne
Width: design 2cms, 4cms with net
Price: $10.00 per 50cms
ie: 2 units = one metre = $20 metre
This is a discontinued line - SPECIAL PRICE! ... Fantastic Value and stunning for bridal!
IMPORTANT NOTICE: This trim is only available in a maximum of 1.5 metres in any one length so if for instance, you require 2 metres in one length, it is not possible.
It is possible however, to get two X one metre sections or one 50cm section plus a one metre section.


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Steve is Marketing Director at Virgin Media Business where he helps UK businesses realise their full digital potential.
Describing himself as a digital advocate, Steve loves using technology to solve business challenges and improve customer experiences. Pioneering projects include the launch of Marks & Spencer's first eCommerce site and BBC Worldwide's first transactional video-on-demand service.
Steve's held senior digital roles in agencies and outside of them, working in both the public and private sector. He's been a founder, an investor, a mentor and a customer in retail, media, finance, telco and tech sectors. For the last 20 years, he's been finding spots where customers and technology meet – and making them extraordinary.
A speed freak even on his days off – his childhood racing driver dreams replaced by the occasional track day (and taking over his kids' Scalextric).


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What colors of latex do you stock?Colors come and go so the best thing to do is inquire via e-mail. However, here is a lost of colors I TRY to keep in stock: Black, White, Red, Plum, Jade, Royal, Olive Green, Pearlsheen Gold, Pearlsheen Silver, Pearlsheen Red, Pearlsheen Purple, Pearlsheen Bronze, Pearlsheen Pewter, Metallic Black, Metallic Blue, Metallic Green, Metallic Fuchsia, Metallic Old Gold, Smoky Black, Semi Transparent Pink, Semi Transparent Mauve, Semi Tansparent Black, Semi Transparent Nude. All other colors are considered custom and must be special ordered.
What forms of payment do you take?I accept credit cards via paypal. Payments may also be made by mail with personal checks, but the item/items will not be shipped until the check clears in 10 days.
When will my order be shipped?Regular orders will ship in 3-4 weeks. Custom orders may take more time, depending on color/materials availability.
Do you offer "rush" service on orders?Most orders are completed on a first come, first serve basis. However, your order might be eligible for rush processing (if materials are available) for an additional fee. Inquire via e-mail.
Do you do Custom orders?Most certainly. Custom is our specialty. Our business has been 100% custom for the past 6 years, and we hope to continue to offer Custom garments to our loyal customers. Please see our "Custom" section for more information.
What shipping carriers do you use?Domestic (U.S.) orders are shipped via United Parcel Service (UPS) with confirmation signature required, or USPS insured, and with confirmation signature required. International orders are shipped via United States Postal Service (USPS).
What is your return policy?Latex garments are made to order in custom colors and measurement specifications and cannot be returned. Alterations and repairs can be made if garments do not fit properly.
How do I care for my latex garment?Upon request, a full latex care guide will be included with your order when it ships. MaggieDelena recommends and offers specific products for washing and shining your latex garments. For shining after washing with mild detergent, we recommend Vivishine, available from MaggieDelena here. For a perfect shine for play at home or out on the town, we recommend Pjur Cult Shine, which is available here. (hyperlinks to Vivishine and Pjur Cult shine sale area)
Do you offer repair services?MaggieDelena Latex assures the highest quality in all of our garments, but realize that sometimes accidents happen. We offer repair service on any of our garments, or other Latex manufacturers garments as well. We also offer extensive alteration services. Contact us via e-mail with photos of the garment to be repaired/altered and a detailed description of the problem. All garments sent in for repair MUST be washed thoroughly, and shipped to us clean and free of all lubes/shine, and dusted with talc. We will not work with shined/lubed/worn garments that are not clean. They will be shipped back without repair. Please be aware that some latex garments that cannot be repaired due to the natural breakdown of latex/rubber over time.
Do you offer Gift Certificates?Yes, we do. Please inquire via e-mail.
Do you offer garments at wholesale prices to stockists?At this time, we do not offer wholesale items. We hope to be able to offer our high-quality designs soon.
Do you ever need interns?At this time, we do not offer internships.
If I am a model or photographer and want to borrow clothing for a shoot, what should I do?Feel free to contact us via e-mail with requests. However, please be aware that we receive many requests to borrow clothing for shoots, and we simply cannot fulfill every request. Since latex garments are made-to-order, we do not usually have pre-made garments in stock.


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Started Mar 27, 2013
Posted on November 4, 2013 at 3:46pm
Posted on August 19, 2008 at 10:33pm
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Style Maker Fabrics
Men's and Women's Forester Coats
Late last year, when I tested the Trailblazer collection (mens, women's, children's and nestledown- whew! that was quite a project, you can read about it here), Lisa hinted that there was a coat in the works, and asked if the trailblazer folks would be interested in testing it. I said yes, of course, because my…Read More
Style Maker Fabrics Spring Style Tour: 2018!
I'm so honored to be a part of the Style Maker Fabrics Spring Style Tour today! I spend more time than I'd care to admit pouring over all temptation on the Style Maker site, so when Michelle asked me if I'd like to sign on for the Spring tour, I just about tripped over myself…Read More
Quilted Oakley Vest for Stripes Month!
Is winter stilling hanging on where you live? I heard the ground hog came out and saw his shadow, so we're all in for at least six more weeks of "official" winter weather- which means more time to sew up some of my favorite winter patters (see? I'm looking on the bright side, even if…Read More
Instant luxury: Velvet Bellavista Top
I hope you had a fantastic New Year's! As you know, I celebrated in my pajamas (see my last post for an explanation), but that doesn't mean I don't need something fancier to wear now and again- and the new Bellavista pattern from Itch to Stitch, made up in a stretch velvet from Style Maker…Read More
Sewing for Speed: Batch Sewing!
A couple days ago, Heather Lou (of Closet Case Files fame!) posted on Instagram about how to speed up your sewing by assembling things in batches. When I first started my sewing adventure, I was sewing only for my twins, so things were always done in twos- so much so that my first sewing blog…Read More
You know how sometimes you spend hours sewing your kid something, picking out the perfect fabric, and the perfect pattern- and then they totally hate it? Like tantrum on the floor, refuse to even put it in the drawer hate it? That used to be this kid. Everything I sewed him, he hated- so I…Read More


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Fathers Day Messages from Daughter – No one can take place of father in daughter's life, father and daughter relation is very lovely. Because a father is an inspiration for a daughter and a daughter is a princess for her dad. Father's Day is celebrated in honor of fatherhood and this is the best day when you can express your feelings towards your dad and wish him a Happy Father's Day to make him happy and feel special. Firstly this day started for them who does not have a father and in remembrance of them. But now it celebrates in honor of father and grandfather, take part of this day and express your feelings towards your dad on 18th June 2017.
In this post you will get best collection of Fathers Day Messages from Daughter, Fathers Day Images from Daughter, Happy Fathers Day Messages from Daughter, Happy Fathers Day Images from Daughter. Share these wishes with or for your dad and make him happy and proud. Hope you all going to like this collection and you can also able to share these on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest by social share buttons which are given bellow.
Fathers Day Messages from Daughter to Dad
I wait for this day year long to generate a sweet smile on the face of mu father, Happy Father's Day Papa.
My father is just like a candle to me who bring light in the darkness.
My father is someone who always provides a helping hand to me even if I don't need any help.
You are the sweetest and loveliest Dad and fortunately, you are my Dad.
Dear beloved father, I don't have any words to explain my love for you, just want to say, you made my life.
Best Father's Day Messages Wishes
Dad. You have given me the best things in life: Your time, your care, and your love. I am truly grateful to have you in my life. Happy Father's Day!
Thanks for acting like a kid when I was a kid, acting like a friend when I needed a friend, and acting like a parent when I needed one. You are the best man I know. Happy Father's Day
Dad. Although time and distance may separate us, your guidance, advice, and love has stuck with me through it all. I would not be who I am today without you. Enjoy your special day.
The older I get the more I realize how important it is to have a dad like you. You have provided stability in my life and the love and acceptance I needed. Happy Father's Day!
Happy Father's Day to my hero and role model. Thank you for everything you have done for our family. We love you with all our hearts.
Fathers Day Images and Messages
Hi Dad, You are simply the best in the world- unrivaled and unbeatable. What more can I say? What more can I ask? I already have you. It's more than enough. I love you, daddy.
I have been blessed with your life in countless ways. It's my turn to honor and bless you even in my little own ways. I want to make you a proud daddy. Happy fathers' day!
Daddy, thank you is not enough to express my gratitude. Yet, I still want to tell you, THANK YOU, for all you've done. From the bottom of my heart, I love you. Happy fathers' day!
Today, I want to let you know that I love you, dad. You're one of a kind. Happy fathers' day! You're the man!
Fathers, be good to your daughters. You are the god and the weight of her world. Happy Fathers Day! ~ Unknown
Father's Day Messages for Wife
The first true love any girl has, is her father.No one will ever replace him asthe love of her life.Happy fathers day dad! I love you so much!
There's something like a line of gold thread running through a man's wordswhen he talks to his daughter, and gradually over the years, it gets to be long enough for you to pick up in your hands and weave into a cloth that feels like loveitself. –John Gregory Brown
I love my daddy. My daddy's everything. I hope I can find a man that will treat me as good as my dad.-Lady Gaga
No matter how much I grow up, I will always be three things. The apple of my father's eye, the reigning queen of my dad's heart and daddy's little girl.
From being a girl to a woman, a lot about me has changed as I've grown older. Except that even today, I wrap my hand around my dad's finger when I see him.
Happy Fathers Day Greeting and Images
Happy father's day to the superhero who could have moved mountains for my happiness.
Cheers to the man who had survived all my stupidity and OMG moments. Happy Father's day dad!
No matter how many boys come into my life, Daddy, you will always be the first man I have ever loved. I love you so much. Happy Father's Day
The greatest gift I ever had came from God I call him Dad.
A father is a man who expects his children to be as good as he meat to be.
Happy Fathers Day Messages
Thank you for the comfort of knowing that whatever goes wrong, I have a dad who can fix it (unless it's a leaky tap).We couldn't have asked for a better father. Thank you for all the sacrifices you made and all the love you shared. Happy Father's Day.
We couldn't have asked for a better father. Thank you for all the sacrifices you made and all the love you shared. Happy Father's Day
Happy Father's Day papa bear!! Thanks for being a great dad. Love [ your name(s) ]
Dad. We just want to say that we love you and that you truly deserve to have the best Father's Day ever. Your loving kids [ your names ]
Happy Father's Day! We're so proud to have you as a father! Love [ your name(s) ]
Nobody compares to you Dad! You are the best father that a kid could ever ask for. I am thankful to God for providing me a Dad as wonderful as you. Love [ your name ]
In Happy Valentine Images, we sharing with you worlds best collection of Memorial Day Images, Quotes, Pictures, Sayings, Wallpapers, Poems and much more for Father's Day 2017. Check out Fathers Day Messages from Daughter to Dad. Share these wishes with your Dad on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram.


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Interchangeable Tips
5" SHARP Tips
from 9.25
Made of high quality stainless steel, HiyHiya SHARP Steel Interchangeable Needles feature keyless screw-on connections with flexible cables, near perfect joins and a slick but not too slick, smooth finish with sharp tips which are great for increasing, decreasing, and intricate stitch patterns. They are lightweight to handle and will warm quickly to the hand.
HiyaHiya 5 inch interchangeable tips are a combination of a 4.25 inch tips and a .75 inch metal connector for a combined length of 5 inches.


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Alcatraz Vs. the Evil Librarians #3. Author: Brandon Sanderson.
In this third Alcatraz adventure, Alcatraz Smedry has made it to the Free Kingdoms at last. Unfortunately, so have the evil Librarians–including his mother! Now Alcatraz has to find a traitor among the Knights of Crystallia, make up with his estranged father, and save one of the last bastions of the Free Kingdoms from the Evil Librarians.
(Published Summary)
My Thoughts:
Alcatraz has a few moments of seriousness for once. (Only a few. No worries.) They're so quick, almost throwaway, that how you take them is entirely up to you: ignore them because he's just messing with you, consider them to reveal a deeper side to Alcatraz, take them as morals – you can do anything. It's very non-preachy, despite the bits on "the dangers of fame" and all that, which is great.
I love the self-aware narrator trope. And Alcatraz is one of the best. With his evil manipulations of chapter breaks, which he's not at all shy of explaining to us, his wandering monologues – how dare he malign fish sticks, by the way, what a flaw in my hero – and his overt, blatant foreshadowing, he becomes such a real (also ridiculous, childish, and dramatic) presence it's almost like he's developing a relationship with the reader as well as the other characters in his life.
And Bastille. Oh, Bastille. How does she put up with the Smedrys? Given that she hasn't taken Alcatraz out yet, despite spending so much time around him, I think she's the real hero here.
Content Review:
Sexual Content: Alcatraz 'breaks' a butler's clothes to prove who he is, leaving the man only in undergarments. (The scene isn't actually sexual at all, and the near-nudity is not further described.)
Language: 4 scatological terms
Violence: Explosion on airship – a chunk falls off, taking two characters with it, one of whom is knocked out in the landing. No one's seriously hurt. One character slaps another. One sword duel: no one is hurt. There are three instances of hand-to-hand fighting in which "bad dancing" talent (basically martial arts) takes multiple people down (there is, again, no real description of injuries, only "unconscious thugs piling up on the floor").
This post was previously:
I'm afraid I haven't been checking requests over the holidays as often as I should, so it's been several days since this one came in – my apologies for that! I know I say 24 hour turn around in the request bar so that was a real slip up on my part. I really hope you weren't in too much of a rush.
Re: The Knights of Crystallia: Alcatraz vs. the Evil Librarians #3. This is a book I can get, so I'll read it tomorrow, and the review should be up tomorrow evening, replacing this post.
Happy New Year, all!


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Posted by Buls on 12:52 PM in Body lotion, Body mist, Eye cream, hair care, Haul, My My, olay, Personal care, shampoo, Skin care, tresemme, Vellvette, Victoria's Secret
I was at My My store in A'bad yesterday and ended up buying some products (apart from Lingerie).
Left to Right:
- Victoria's Secret Coconut Passion body Lotion: MRP Rs 680 for 250 ml. It is pricey but I have used it earlier. It was part of my Vellvette box in Oct'12. Link here. I loved the body lotion then and decided to buy it.
- Victoria's Secret Coconut Passion body mist: What I liked about the lotion was that the fragrance lasted so long... that is what made me buy the body mist. Rs 620 for 250 ml.
- Olay Regenerist eye lifting serum: I have been on the lookout for a good eye care product. I hate the lines and darkness under my eyes. Hope this works. Rs 899
- TRESemme curl hydration shampoo: I have been looking for a shampoo for curly/permed hair. Kerastase is too expensive and I cannot afford to buy it since I prefer to wash my hair everyday. I picked up this product. MRP is Rs 1400 for 946 ml. This is not available in India. It is through the grey market. I wish I had picked up the conditioner too.


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Chat <
Getting Pregnant <
Trying to conceive
of 1
24/09/2016 at 20:00
Hello ladies.
So my period is due the 28th of September and on the 21st of September I experienced light pinkish discharge. It was light and I was having really bad cramps like a normal period. But than my cramps went a way and the pinkish discharge became dark brown. Now (2 day later) the discharge is heavier but still super brown. My husband and I have been trying for a year now and I was really sure about this time because we planned to have more sex when I was ovulating and I have been on prenatal for about a month now. I dont know if this is my period trying to come or what. I'm kind of getting depressed but I know every female is different so I wanted to hear other stories. Please help and tell me what you think! Thank you.
P.S I haven't tested yet.
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Lenso Wheel is excited to introduce our new "Luxury" wheel range for SUVs and 4x4s. The MAX-X wheel or more commonly known as the "X-Series" wheel is an "American Style" wheel designed under the "Off-Road" concept with an aggressive look. But hidden within the aggressive look is the details and finishing which makes the wheel beautiful and eye-catching. We can therefore say that the "X-Series" wheel is "Aggressively Beautiful".
The "X-Series" wheels were introduced by Lenso to the public at the "Thailand International Motor Expo 2017" and the reception was very good. There were many interested parties asking for the availability of the wheels both from Thailand and Abroad.
Currently the "X-Series" wheels have 5 models ranging from the X07-X11. The X07 wheel, which is the 1st model in our X-Series is a wheel with a hole designed similar to its predecessor, the popular "MAX-6". But, what makes it completely different form the "MAX-6" wheel is the outer rim with its metallic look and the aggressive looking center cap which makes the wheel look very strong and stylish making it very suitable for an "Off-Road" vehicles.
For more information on our X-Series wheel, please contact our sales executive at:
#Wheel #Wheels #Gulong #Roda #wiel #wiele #पहिया #पहियों


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You can print chapters from the Connected Casebook "Read" tab by clicking the Print icon in the toolbar. In order to show your highlights and notes in the printed chapter, you will need to change your browser's print settings to landscape view and to show background colors and images.
Here are easy instructions to follow for adjusting the printer settings in your browser and printing your Connected Casebook chapters:


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Westerly Community Credit Union to Open in Wakefield in 2018
Tuesday, November 07, 2017
Westerly Community Credit Union is coming to Wakefield.
The new branch will be located at 4979 Tower Hill Road in Wakefield and is expected to be open by June of 2018.
"Because the new branch is located within the town's Route 1 Special Management District, the design and performance standards are higher than usual. The landscape architecture and building aesthetics require more detail," said Eric Prive, PE, Senior Project Manager at DiPrete.
The New Building
The new building will be a two-floor, 27,000 square foot facility housing a number of employee departments including a call center, accounting, human resources, lending services, marketing, and financial services.
The new facility will include a 2,400-square-foot branch featuring a technology center, concierge-style stations, privacy offices, coffee area, and a children's corner.
DiPrete Engineering has teamed up with NES Group, DRL Architects, Kenyon Law Associates, John C. Carter and Company, TRAC Builders, GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc., and BETA Group, Inc. on the construction
Related Slideshow: Power List - Business
Big Bankers
Kevin Tracy and Oliver Bennett— There are deals and there are BIG DEALS. In Rhode Island, with all of the changing players and banking relationships, one reality is pretty much the same. If you have a big deal that needs sophisticated financing, the community banks may not be able to handle it.
Bank of America may have abandoned the Superman Building, but they are still in Rhode Island and still doing big deals. Kevin Tracy, the former Brown golfer and Oliver Bennett — long ago Fleet Bank trainees — are now the guys you bring in for a $50 million deal. The more things change - the more they stay the same.
John Hazen White, Jr. — White has taken Taco to new levels as he has made a series of strategic acquisitions to bolster the Rhode Island manufacturing company into a global firm.
He continues to be a leader in American manufacturing investing in worker retention and employee training.
Behind the scenes, White is a combination of an adviser and moral compass to many in Rhode Island. Despite taking a lower profile than his Lookout RI days, White is still a force pushing for ethics reform.
Joe Paolino — Once the young Mayor who took over in the 1980s when Buddy Cianci was forced to resign (the first time), now the leading corporate voice in Providence if not Rhode Island.
While others complain at lunches at the Hope Club and University Club about the plight of the Capital City, Paolino has rolled up his sleeves and taken on issues like panhandling and homelessness.
With a real estate empire that includes much of downtown, some of the top properties in Newport and Hasbro's campus in Pawtucket to name a few, Paolino has close ties to Governor Gina Raimondo and even closer ties to the Clintons - could a federal appointment be in the works in 2017?
Steve Kirby — No one dominates commercial real estate in Rhode Island like Kirby does on Aquidneck Island. His red "Kirby Commercial" signs are literally everywhere across the island and in Newport proper -- they are more frequent than street signs.
Want to open a clothing store in Newport? Go see Steve Kirby. Looking to launch a startup tech firm? Call Kirby. Developed cool technology and want to start producing for the Navy? Email Kirby.
Kirby maybe the most influential in business on Aquidniick Island. (PS He will tell you which bankers to talk to).
Labor Boss
George Nee — President of the AFL-CIO, Nee is one of the most influential players in business in Rhode Island.
He is Vice Chair of the Convention Center Authority Board, on the Commerce Corp board, the most influential voice for labor at the State House, and involved one way or another in just about every negotiation on constructing public buildings or issuing a tax stabilization agreement in Providence.
For the most part his public persona has been more muted recently, but that has not impacted his private influence. If it happens in Rhode Island, Nee has probably touched it.
Sally Lapides — If Teddy Roosevelt were alive today and saw the number of Residential Properties' real estate signs on the East Side he would call it a monopoly and want to break up the company. Lapides not only dominates one of the most affluent sections of Rhode Island, but she also delves into the arts, education and politics.
When you sell the wealthiest and most influential their homes, you make a lot of friends.
Lapides is a force in residential real estate and it will be interesting to see what she does next.
Helena Foulkes — Two of the biggest decisions CVS ever made were the brain children of Foulkes. The Extracare card and the removal of tobacco from its stores were both influenced by Foulkes.
She has emerged as a national power in business and makes all the business lists for top women, but make no mistake - she is wildly influential in Rhode Island.
She is close to Raimondo and she may decide to jump into political waters in the future - or may decide if she can snag the CEO spot at CVS.
Visionary or Free Rider
Buff Chace — One of downtown Providence's biggest real estate magnates is a lightning rod in the Capital City. Widely considered to be one of the prime catalysts of Downcity's resurgence, Chace's accumulation of properties on Westminster Street is straight out of a Monopoly playbook.
His recent acquisition of the ProJo building has further solidified his dominance, which has not been without intense scrutiny, given his ability to continually secure -- and extend -- tax stabilization agreements at a time when the city's dire financial straits are close to reaching a head.
Wealthy, influential, and active in the community, Chace has chaired the Downtown Providence Parks Conservancy and has been a member of the Executive Committee of the Providence Foundation, and is a director emeritus for GrowSmart RI and a trustee emeritus of Trinity Repertory Theatre.
Big Time
Richard Baccari — One of the biggest real estate developers in New England. For decades he has been a major player in Providence, Rhode Island and the northeast.
During that span, he has been the driving and innovative force behind some of the region's most significant residential and commercial development endeavors.
See a Stop and Shop development and Baccari probably built it. Has fought back business challenges and much more.
Related Articles
- NEW: Mayor Taveras Closes Corporate Tax Loophole for Foreclosing Banks
- Last-Second Bill to Help Big Banks Nears Passage
- Banks Cash in on Foreclosures in Providence
- The Richest Banks
- Investigation: 5 Banks Accused of Fraudulent Foreclosures
- NEW: Raimondo Submits FY18 Budget, Banks on Collecting $30 Million from Internet Sales Tax