text:
I don't think I cherished the days I had this summer to spend outdoors with Hayden, watch tv, and sleep past 5:40! Don't get me wrong--I thrive on a busy schedule; I get so much more done. But we are BUSY.
David is coaching football (and basketball this winter) at my school, serving as student pastor at a church, and is a seminary student. We leave our house before 7 and, on a good, day, we're home a little after 5. Then it's a rush to repack lunches, cook supper, clean out bookbags, and make sure everything is ready for the next day before Hayden heads to bed. I foresee many late nights in the near future as papers and tests start really rolling!
We love living in TX. I plan to cherish my Friday nights (as much as I can) and not do any work, if possible. I feel I live two completely separate lives right now, though. This summer, Hayden and my only friends were here on campus; now I spend more time at TCA (school) than I do at home. I love working at a Christian school. We start each day with devotion; I can't believe what a difference that makes.
I know I'm not the student at Southwestern, but I feel even more distanced with the amount of time I spend away from campus. I also realize we're still relatively "new." Everything takes time. But I'm SO thankful for my job at TCA (and for very gracious, understanding students!).
Friday, August 23, 2013
I don't think I cherished the days I had this summer to spend outdoors with Hayden, watch tv, and sleep past 5:40! Don't get me wrong--I thrive on a busy schedule; I get so much more done. But we are BUSY.
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 8:41 PM 0 comments
Wednesday, August 7, 2013
Year 5
Can it possibly be my fifth year in the classroom? Man, I missed the rush and excitement of a fresh year last year; don't get me wrong, we were supposed to be in Vancouver at that appointed time, but I love the start of a new school year.
Right now, after two days of teacher inservice, I'm exhausted and my brain is running nonstop with the lists of things that need to be done around meetings and other obligations. It'll all get done, but I hate pushing it to the last minute.
Take a digital stroll through my classroom. Not the best pictures, but you can get an idea of what my crazy, color-filled box looks like. I miss my window(s), but I love the atmosphere of the room. Now I just need to wrap my mind around American Literature and research papers!
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 6:04 PM 0 comments
Thursday, July 25, 2013
Only He Can Provide
When I accepted the position at TCA, we knew there would likely be some significant cuts/changes in our life/budget to accommodate being at the right school for less money. And we were fine with that. But God has placed some incredible opportunities in our lives for the coming year. And He is refining us all and showing us what matters most.
I've learned that I pretty much need to voice my trust in order to see results. Let me explain before some of you get all spiritual and crazy on me. God and I talk regularly. But I've begun to note in the past months when I speak out loud my trust that my Father will provide, I see Him do so. (Not that God doesn't always see through and take care of our needs.) Two instances: the Tuesday before the Saturday we loaded the moving truck for Fort Worth, I was in the bathroom readying to run errands. God and I had a talk where I told Him, "Okay, God, I give this car situation to You; I have no idea how You're going to fix this, but You can." (We only have one vehicle; David was staying in MS and Hayden and I were to be in TX. Thus, the dilemma.) Literally, ten minutes later, David texted me saying a huge prayer request was answered. The car. The issue was solved.
Secondly, we knew we needed to account for the discrepancy in salary with my job. We knew David would work somewhere; not an issue. About a week ago, we spoke on the phone discussing the upcoming year. I said to my husband, "God will work out the details and give us what we need." We hung up, and a church called David immediately. And as of today, David has positions(s) that account for the money we had "lost."
There are still many unknowns, but I have no doubt He has been with us every step of the way, providing. Only He could do what He has done.
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 10:30 PM 0 comments
Tuesday, July 9, 2013
Yes, folks, you read that correctly. I'm beginning to think we wouldn't be us without curveballs always being thrown our direction! I am not at liberty to fully divulge the juicy news just yet. Know several things:
1. David is still going to school.
2. We aren't leaving Fort Worth.
3. It's nothing bad. Actually, it's a HUGE blessing.
As soon as I have the assurance and definitive go-ahead, I will lay it all out!
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 12:24 AM 1 comments
Wednesday, June 19, 2013
The Job Situation
I am not a good blogger; this is not my gift. But I do know there are a few of you that read this and sometimes it's therapeutic to write out my thoughts.
For the first month we were here, any time anyone (mostly family) called, the first question was, "Have you found a job yet?" No. The answer was always no. But based on what a principal told me, the main hiring time was late May-late June and again in late July. So I wasn't panicking. Except that now as of June 19, I've still yet to receive a single call from any of the billion districts (and 90+ middle schools) that I applied to. Not one public school interview.
Why is that?
Because God had a different plan. A plan I never would have dreamed of because David and I had laid out, in detail, OUR plan for our lives here in TX. And I'm sure God laughed. So He fixed those plans.
As of about two weeks ago I accepted a position with Trinity Christian Academy in Willow Park, TX. Trinity is fabulous. However, I never imagined I'd be teaching at a private school, or teaching as many things as I will be! I'll be doing two classes of English 7 (divided actually into 2 classes of grammar/comp and literature=4 total periods), an English III (American Literature, 11th grade) class, and a Pre-AP II (sophomores) class. I think I have those grades right. I know the courses are correct. And I have the books and resources to prove it!
Right now my life consists of planning. planning. planning. And getting excited about things like projects found on the internet connecting different Puritan writers! I'm a little nervous about reading essays, inputting grades, reading the selections myself, and planning lessons in a 45 minute planning period. So I'm doing as much groundwork now as I can!
Between my new position and the insane amount of books David will be reading, it ought to be an interesting year. I'm definitely seeing the reasons why God placed me at Trinity, though at first I was very hesitant. Hayden is going to go to Pre-K (5 days) at the elementary campus for actually less than we were going to have to pay for him to do Mother's Day Out with the extended care and someone to keep him Monday afternoons on campus. He has to wear uniforms which makes my decisions easier, but unfortunately, they have to come from designated suppliers. Boo.
Anyway...Go Eagles!
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 8:41 PM 1 comments
Thursday, May 30, 2013
Tough Week
AAGH! This is how my brain operates ALL.DAY.LONG. What can I do to be busy right now? What should I have Hayden learning? What do I need to do for a future classroom (and an update on the job situation will come soon; just know that not a single public school has asked for an interview. FAIL. Talk about feeling worthless.)? What do I cook for lunch/supper? Is laundry done? What else can I clean? How long is my checklist today? Am I supposed to be somewhere that I've forgotten about?
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 10:03 PM 0 comments
Tuesday, May 21, 2013
Finding Our Way
I love and hate moving. I love setting up a new "home." I hate all the firsts that accompany moving: finding a new church, new activities to be involved in, new job(s) in this case, even things as trivial as new hairdressers. Things are going well for us here in Fort Worth, but there are still mountains of firsts that need to be tackled.
I have been on one official job interview at a Christian school. I'm not sure whether I'll be offered a position or not, so I'm still applying at local districts as well. I'll admit that sometimes it is very frustrating to talk to family and that be the first thing asked. Every day I work on a potential job opportunity in some fashion; trust me, it's at the top of my priority list. But I just can't fathom how after the way God has orchestrated every detail thus far that He'd leave me hanging. He won't. And maybe He's preparing me for something better.
Hayden started "school" at the Mother's Day Out program on campus today. I'm not counting today as his first official day; something about it being the end of May doesn't make it feel very "school-like." He enjoyed it though and I think the few hours apart each week this summer are going to be good for us. Until we know finances and schedules, we haven't wanted to over-commit ourselves just yet. Hayden may play basketball in June/July and there's a kids' gym called The Little Gym that offers gymnastics/tumbling classes for young kids. That may be perfect for him as he loves to climb. Classes coincide a bit with MDO or are offered only on Wednesdays, so we're still looking into that. Plus, every moment that he can be outside, he is. We have what is considered the plastic playground in the center of our six buildings of townhomes. Eventually, I'm sure I'll add pictures of our home, but I have a few touches I'd like to still add. Some days our townhome feels huge; other days, I feel there's nowhere to hide!
I haven't been very diligent in working with Hayden on his reading skills. I have quite a few things I haven't been very consistent in. Must.get.butt.in.gear.
David leaves for youth camp next week, so he's been here this week with us. It's almost strange when he's here because he's still working on so much in Biloxi and neither of us leaves for work. I'm thankful for the structure that MDO will help provide and it gives Hayden something to look forward to. I hope to be able to use that time on Tuesdays and Thursdays to get some good workouts in. I have A LOT of work to do in that area.
I really want to invest in our community and get involved in everything that's available. For example, the Fort Worth Zoo offers a "school" on Wednesdays during the school year for kids to learn school skills using the animals, their habitats, and eating habits. It looks amazing. The price seems high, but really I suppose it's not for an entire year. But again, while I'd love to involve Hayden in it, we'd need a second car and to be sure it was a wise money investment. In a sense, there's almost TOO much to be involved in here!
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 3:36 PM 2 comments
Saturday, May 4, 2013
Painting My Toenails
My house is a disaster, I still have clothes in suitcases, job applications need to be completed, and my to do list grows daily. So how am I handling everything that needs to be done? By painting my toenails. I'll stress again tomorrow.
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 9:06 PM 0 comments
Tuesday, April 2, 2013
Allow Me to Ramble...
Please...if you read this at all...allow me to ramble. I have a gazillion thoughts rolling around my head, so this post may seem all over the place.
I haven't written anything in awhile for several reasons. 1. I have become very guarded about some issues and will keep those thoughts to myself. 2. We've been extremely busy since we returned to the States. 3. My computer completely reset itself so it rarely works correctly right now.
Vancouver. While the majority of our families don't understand why we even went and think our time was a complete failure, I am beginning to see exactly why God sent us--even if it was only for eight months. We know He used that time to get us out of our comfort zones. And trust me, I'm having to rely on Him fully for several big things right now. Most days I feel calm and secure that He has everything lined up; yesterday was not one of those days! I worried from the time I arose until the time I finally collapsed into exhaustion. I can see how God is using our experiences in Canada to set up relationships and circumstances here that will allow us to use those in the near and far future. That seems like such an obscure sentence, but I see some very real possibilities of our still being in ministry, and I have quite a few different ideas on how that could look.
I've begun to learn that what people say about me/us behind closed doors doesn't really matter. Sure, it hurts. Sure, it never completely leaves your brain. In the end, however, I've seen how our obedience and faithfulness has proven true repeatedly. I'll take following God's plan over having to defend myself against my family/friends any day.
Speaking of friends, I can sense that my relationship with a close friend has changed. It's hard. She was the one person who I would go to for anything; now I feel all she does is harp on Hayden and how he's acting in her home (and I know she loves him). It's just odd and hard to explain. I feel defensive when I'm around her. It makes me miss a good friend I just really started forming an intimate relationship with in Canada. She's an American and who knows, we may end up near one another again someday.
We are going to Texas shortly; Hayden and I will go on in the coming days and David will stay with a friend through the summer and keep working at our home church. Getting jobs for the time we were here was actually never part of our agenda but God works all things together for good.
I'm very anxious to find a job for next school year. I keep preparing even though I don't know where I'll be yet. I keep thinking back to the summer I had resigned St. Martin and planned to open a daycare with a "friend." She then dropped me like a bad habit, and I was stuck with no job. Within three weeks (in July!) I had a job at a great school that I never would have applied to had the entire situation never happened. I just have to keep trusting that even though it's already April, it's only April, if that makes any sense.
I felt like I had more personal things to say, but as I said, I'm guarding many of my words for several reasons. I thank God for my loving husband who wants nothing more than to serve. Canada did David good; he learned a great deal, he's ready for school, and who knows, maybe more church planting? I once told my family I would marry a pastor some day; that didn't mean he would be a preacher. David is that man. I'm enjoying watching God shape him and prepare him, and I love the way my husband thinks. He balances me so well. We have uncertain (to us) certain (to Him) days ahead that are already mapped; here's to following that blueprint.
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 2:47 PM 0 comments
Friday, March 15, 2013
Sense of Humor
I've learned much about God's sense of humor. We left Canada with plans to spend about six weeks at my parents' house before moving into missionary housing in Keller, TX, the beginning of April. We would then be moving onto campus at Southwestern. Things have changed much since early February.
We are with my parents, but I secured a long-term subbing position in 7th grade English at one of my former schools. We aren't leaving right at the end of this month, but closer to mid-April. David is now serving as the interim student minister at our home church (a process that happened almost literally overnight). He's doing an amazing job, and we feel so welcomed back.
My former principal has basically offered me a position for next school year, and David could have this job as long as he truly desires, but we know that if we don't go on to TX, we'll never leave. We will put off school again and again, just as we've done for the past six years. That can't happen again. Hayden and I are going to go on to TX, and David is going to spend the summer here with someone (we haven't worked out that detail yet).
We plan to move onto campus in August; I have contacted 90 middle schools (yes, 90, and they're within a half hour of campus). There are many, many details to figure out but we never dreamed we'd be in any position of making money while we're here. Since we have an entire house full of furniture to replace and coming semesters of school to pay for, we are blown away at God's provision.
Every time WE create a plan of action, God laughs at us...and then He gives us something insanely better. I'm so glad He knows what the coming months hold. I don't particularly want to spend the next several months separated from David, but we know it must happen.
Right now, a runny nose and sore throat that began with allergies, has progressed into something more, I'm afraid. Unfortunately, we don't have insurance at the time, so I'm doing as much OTC medication as I can. I honestly think I need rest more than anything, but my mom says she hopes I don't develop bronchitis. Here's to hoping more sleep, not talking, and prayer help me feel better soon. It's starting to really hurt to talk and swallow, and I sound like a teenage boy going through puberty!
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 7:20 PM 0 comments
Friday, February 15, 2013
Long-Term Sub
We feel God keeps affirming the decision to leave Canada. We are only in MS about six weeks; on Sunday night, mere hours after we unloaded the car, a local teacher friend messaged me to see if I would be interested in subbing at her school for they are in desperate need. I said sure. David advised me to email a former principal too, just to see my options. She responded first thing the next morning that she needed a long-term sub and asked if could I start immediately. So here I find myself having completed Day 1. It went well, but I can tell I'm not in MY classroom with my materials or my kids. But the time I get rolling good, it'll be time to step out. That's okay, though. I'm very much enjoying being back in the classroom and planning lessons. When we moved to Canada we realized just how much I viewed my classroom as my mission field. My students are my babies, my darlings.
This week was not how I imagined things going, but I'm so thankful God knows best and He provides. It feels good to be busy doing something productive (infer from that what you will). I'm also very thankful it's Friday!
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 9:31 PM 0 comments
Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Some of you know exactly what those initials stand for: Dallas/Fort Worth. When we knew it was very likely we were leaving Canada, we began praying through where we'd like to begin building our lives long-term. Through a series of events and circumstances, DFW repeatedly stood out. There are several reasons, but I'll highlight a few.
-David has needed to go back to school since before we were married. Because we had two very good jobs and a very comfortable lifestyle, we put off this huge decision again and again. Now here we were, leaving a country with the door wide open before us. So we began researching and praying about which campus and city would be right for us. And no offense to any NOBTS grads, New Orleans is not the right place for us. Southwestern stuck out for multiple reasons and we are here on campus for a tour, seeing the area, and I'm talking to schools.
-That brings me to another reason for DFW--teaching. Do you have any idea how many districts/schools are in this area? I'm getting into a school system tomorrow that has as many schools as the ENTIRE MS Gulf Coast. Teachers also make a good bit more here which will help off-set some of the cost of David's schooling.
-Finally, we are within a day's driving distance to all of our family in MS or a very short plane ride. This certainly beats being in several airports and at least 5+ hours on airplanes away.
There is quite a bit going on here. We've tried to do a good bit of exploring and looking into opportunities for our family. After our tour today, we feel an even greater peace about our decision. We have several months ahead of figuring things out but God hasn't failed us yet. I wish I had all the answers; so do our families, I suppose! The fact is, we are living more on faith than we ever have before. And like I said, God hasn't let us down yet!
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 7:06 PM 4 comments
Monday, January 28, 2013
What's Going On?
I know many of my posts lately have been quite cryptic. The following is the message we sent to our prayer partners concerning our ministry here in Vancouver. Things are not always what they seem, so I hope this sheds some light for those curious souls. (David wrote this in case the tense or references seem odd.)
You all have been such an important part of the process my family has gone through over the last year and with that I wanted to let you all know of some changes that are happening in regards to our ministry here at The Common Place. As of January 31, Jamie and I will be resigning our position and moving back to the United States.
We have had such a great experience here in loving on the community of Coquitlam and we will take with us the many joys that this season of life has brought to our family. It was a tough decision to step down and we spent much time praying through it and discerning what God was leading us to as a family.
We sincerely appreciate all the prayers that the members of this group have provided us over the last year or so and will always be thankful to you for the prayers that got us through our time here. We have much to be thankful for as we look back over the last 8 months here on the ground.
We lived in the most beautiful place on the planet, we made some great friends, we impacted individuals with the love of Christ, we encouraged fellow believers, and we sought every day, in every encounter to beam the light of Jesus in this place.
We have no regrets, we leave here with hearts still very much on fire for The Lower Mainland of British Columbia, we leave here longing for God to finish a work he has begun here in Coquitlam.
We covet your prayers over the next few weeks as we travel back to Mississippi, as we readjust to life back in The South, as we just seek out where God wants us next. We have far more questions than answers at this point but we cling to the thing we as a family have clung to since day one. God has a plan for us, and we will run as fast as we can to follow that plan.
We appreciate everything. We hope to continue sharing our journey along the way.
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 11:24 PM 0 comments
Friday, January 25, 2013
I wouldn't consider myself a vain person; insecure, yes. But not vain. But when I get overwhelmed with life, I have found that I look to make quick changes on things I can control. For instance, my hair. I love short(er) hair; my husband hates it. I'm sure you're thinking, "Seriously? She's writing a blog post about her hair length?"
Well, there are much deeper issues taking place that I can't divulge at the time, and losing weight is an on-going, lengthy process, but hair, especially the cutting of the hair, is a quick fix. I'm not saying I want to cut my hair at this very moment, but I am strongly considering one of the following looks:
I've done the stacked inverted bob (think Victoria Beckham) before and I'm sure you see a pattern here. I'd sort of like to go choppy, but I am not really sure how to style that. I do like the shorter bob with layers. Who knows. I'll just stew on the idea for awhile. Oh, I'm also open to suggestions!
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 8:03 PM 0 comments
Tuesday, January 8, 2013
It's amazing how the simple word "home" has so many different meanings. Canada has never truly felt like home---nothing about it. Journeying across the border into WA (a state so different from MS) feels amazingly more normal than our everyday lives here in British Columbia. Maybe it's seeing MPH on the speed limit signs instead of KM/H; maybe it's knowing McD's and Wendy's have true dollar menus instead of $1.39 or $1.89 options; maybe it's seeing clearance prices at discount stores that are under $10-15 instead of seemingly stopping at $25 (how is that clearance?!). I know those are silly examples, but today my heart is just overwhelmed.
Hayden hates living here. That affects how I feel about it, even though I've tried to be very positive and find as many outlets as possible for us to meet families. The rain really does mess with your mind. I'm not depressed, but with it being dark so much of the day, it is hard to get motivated. Finding a job here is nearly impossible (unless we immigrate, and we're not). Honestly, I miss my house. My home. I miss my big kitchen and Hayden being able to run and jump and us not having to say, "Don't do that! The neighbors are going to complain!"
When we visited MS in November, we went "home." I don't so much miss the actual state as I do family, friends, and knowing where everything is. I have no idea who actually reads this thing, and I haven't updated much over the past few months because there are certain things we really didn't need to share with the entire world.
This year is going to be crazy; no doubt about it. We're not exactly sure how some things are going to play out right now. We have MANY decisions to make. 2012 was a year of growth and change and 2013 looks to be the same. There are things I can't share right now and there are things that will never make it to Facebook. I just needed to write. Ever feel that way? Right now, I'd love nothing more than to disappear for a weekend with David, but it's okay. I wish we knew everything God was going to do, but He surely has a sense of humor!
Posted by Jamie Ainsworth at 12:26 PM 1 comments


text:
Paros Wineries
Want to propose a business? Just contact us.
By location:
AllNaoussa (1)
List of 1 Wineries
Type: Wineries
Location: Naoussa
The Moraitis winery was originally established in 1910 by Manolis Moraitis, who was cultivating his own vines and exported his wine via his ship.
Google map of Paros Wineries
The Community
Greeka on Facebook
Other social networks
Be the first to get news and special offers!
Latest members' photos

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The goldsmiths of Florence
Discover a timeless tradition in the heart of the city
They've been there for more than 400 years, smelting, engraving, chiseling, encrusting and decorating, filling the shop fronts of the Ponte Vecchio with gold and silver.
It all began in 1593, when Grand Duke Ferdinando I de' Medici decreed that the jewellers, gold- and silversmiths move to the Ponte Vecchio in order to control better these artisans' work. Gold and silver were assigned the task of representing and increasing the artistic and cultural prestige of the city of Florence and subsequently the prestige of the Renaissance in line with the unitary conception of the arts that were typical of the time.
There were certainly no shortage of crisis periods and struggles, and yet the goldsmiths and silversmiths are still there, on the bridge and in the neighbouring streets, scattered in a myriad of tiny workshops where the artisans still work with their hands using age-old techniques to make precious items of all types and styles, including silver masterpieces crafted with a chisel and "ciappola" (an engraving tool), which elicit admiration and awe from passers by along the Ponte Vecchio.
- V.M. Preziosi Firenze - Via Gioacchino Rossini, 8/r, 50144 Florence FI – Design and artistic fashion accessories and jewellery
- Ranfagni Gioielli Firenze di Claudio Ranfagni - Via Frà Bartolomeo, 25/r, 50132 Florence FI – Traditional and design jewellery, also bespoke
- Oreria - Borgo Pinti, 87R, 50121, Florence FI
- La Bottega degli Orafi snc e c. - Via dei Benci 20/R, 50122 Florence FI – Prestigious hand-made jewellery
- Dari Alessandro - Via di San Niccolò, 15, 50125, Florence FI
- Antonella Sicoli Gioielli - Via Ramaglianti, 4, 50125 Florence FI – Artistic jewellery in hand-worked 18K gold


text:
Bronze MemberWhat's this << Back to search results
Contact Details
Name: Mike M
Tel: 07949449678
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://www.textualcontent.com
Address: 110 Dalry Road, eh11 2dw Edinburgh
1 Clients & Projects 0 Reviews
0 Stars | Write Review
Here, at Textual Content we write web content.
Languages Spoken:
Employees: 1-5 Established: 2008 Joined: 2009
Writing web content can be a bit of a chore. It is and isn't the part of web design process - depending, mainly, on the size of web design outfit. But, pardon the bleeding obvious, textual content is essential to ANY website. So, if you need it, but don't have the resources / time / enthusiasm / confidence / enough caffeine to do it – outsource it.
Industry SectorsSports & Leisure
Tends to work withEntrepreneur
General location of clients:World
Recent Projects
Magda Mroczkiewicz
World Champion in Women Foil, Olympic medalist (Sydney) Read More


text:
Military Suicides during the Eelam War in Sri Lanka
Posted on April 28th, 2017
Dr Ruwan M Jayatunge
During the Eelam War (1983 -2009) a significant numbers of the Sri Lankan military forces had committed suicide and some of the victims believed to have suffered from combat related stress. Psychological autopsies of some of the cases revealed that the victims had depression, posttraumatic stress, psychiatric illnesses, addiction issues, relationship problems and severe work related stresses. Most of these suicides could have been avoided with early interventions.
From 1987 to 2009 the Sri Lankan Military had launched nearly 25 major military offensives against the LTTE. In these military missions the members of the armed forces underwent severe battle stresses that affected them physically and psychologically. Some combatants witnessed the deaths of their buddies as a result of sniper fire, mortar and artillery attacks. Many witnessed the gruesome realities of the war. Following the overwhelming combat stress many had nostalgic and pessimistic feelings about life. Some soldiers could not cope with the devastating events related to the war and took their own lives on the battlefield. These actions were condemned by the military law and criticized as acts of cowardice. Downheartedly most of these victims did not receive military honor posthumously or pensions for their dependents. But the fact remains that a notable percentage of combatants committed suicide were psychological casualties of the war probably shattered by the combat stress or battle fatigue. Therefore proper investigations would be needed to extract the truth behind these military suicides and cases should be reviewed through a compassionate eye.
Suicides in the midst of the battle
Some military suicides had been recorded during the active combat. Following abstract from an eyewitness's account during theElephantPassdebacle that occurred in 2000 due to the inefficient strategic evacuation plan. During the EPS debacle, 359 military personnel were killed, 349 were listed as Missing in Action and some 2500 were injured. Corporal KXX29 described the events that took place between the 21st of April 2000 and 22nd of April 2000.
……. The enemy was advancing and we were retreating towards Palei. I saw a number of soldiers fell down on the way due to exhaustion and to the heat wave. We could not help anyone and we had to move forward. The enemy was attacking us with mortar and sniper fire. Our soldiers were scatted all over. In the meantime the enemy followed us. We attacked them with our light weapons. Soon our ammunition was over. Our only option was to go to Palei and join the battalion strong hold there.
My buddy was exhausted, he asked me to leave him and walk away. I left him near a bush. He had a grenade in his hand. He told me that when the enemy comes near him he would explore the grenade. I had no option, the enemy was coming nearby. I had to abandon my buddy and go. While I went further I heard a grenade explosion. I was upset but the physical exhaustion and dehydration had blocked my sorrowful thoughts. When I went to Palei I merely lost my consciousness. I was admitted to the hospital. Upon my discharge I looked for my buddy but he was not among the survivors. Later he was pronounced as MIA.
Combat Related PTSD and Suicides
Research and investigations revealed that the combat related PTSD was emerging in the Sri Lanka Army (Fernando & Jayatunge 2010). Numerous researches indicate that there is a correlation between combat trauma and suicidal behaviors (Knox, 2008). Studies suggest that suicide risk is higher in persons with PTSD (Ferrada, Asberg, ., Ormstad, & Lundin 1998). Many researchers believe that disturbing symptoms of PTSD increase the suicide risk and others of the view that comorbid psychiatric symptoms that are associated with PTSD drive the victims to commit suicide.
A study done during 2002 – 2006 discovered that among the 56 Sri Lankan combatants with full blown symptoms of PTSD, 17 of them had past suicide attempts. They have had suicidal ideation, specific suicidal plan, mode and action. Their lives had been saved either by an intervention by a family member or a military buddy. (Fernando & Jayatunge 2010)
Many Sri Lankan combatants suffered from PTSD or gross battle fatigue often tried to hide the fear feelings that were associated with combat stress. The avoidance of combat events and places or manifestation of fear feelings were considered as an act of cowardice. There were a number of disgraceful names that had been used to call the battle fatigued soldiers. The words like Lossa (loser) Chokalat Soldaduva (Chocolate Soldiers) had been widely used. Therefore the suffers often took extreme effort to hide their battle fatigue symptoms.
In the early stages of the war military doctors paid their attention to the physical wounds rather than the mental wounds. Generally those who had flashbacks, nightmares and avoidance were blacklisted as cowards, malingerers or drug (cannabis) uses. Therefore many soldiers repressed their horrendous memories about the war and served in the battle field facing the enemy. Some went in to dissociation (psychogenic epilepsy, psychogenic tremors, and fugue states) and having medically unexplainable symptoms such as pain related somatic symptoms. It has been reported that overwhelmed soldiers had acute stress reactions in the war fronts. Combatants with posttraumatic stress and comorbid depression who had no escape route often took their lives on the battlefield.
Lt BXX26 witnessed the death of seven soldiers in Paranthan (in Northern Sri Lanka) following mortar attacks. Although he was physically unharmed he witnessed how the incoming mortar killed seven of his men immediately. Their bodies were blown in to pieces and this horrible event caused an acute stress reaction in him. Later he was evacuated to Colombo. After the Paranthan incident Lt BXX26 experienced intrusions, flashbacks, nightmares and avoidance. He was diagnosed as having PTSD. Lt BXX26 felt that he was personally responsible for the deaths of seven soldiers in Paranthan and had severe survival guilt. Following overwhelmed negative feelings several times he tried to commit suicide. His treatment took years and finally the doctors were able to diminish the survival guilt and suicidal ideation.
L/ Cpl WXX43 became a psychological casualty of the war after handling human remains at Mulative. For many years he felt depressed and troubled by nightmares. L/ Cpl WXX43 could not forget the decomposed and swollen bodies that he buried at Mutative. Some of the victims were known to him. He felt utterly despaired after this horrific experience and after sometime diagnosed with PTSD. He was consuming large amounts of alcohol to evade startling reactions and nightmares. In 2003 he decided to take his own life and took poison. His life was saved by immediate hospitalization.
Private MXX33 underwent traumatic battle events in the North and as a result of war trauma he suffered full blown symptoms of PTSD. His condition was undetected and untreated for a number of years. After he became a psychological casualty of the war his behavior changed drastically. He became hostile and several times he was charged with disciplinary infractions. He could not serve in the operational areas following avoidance (which is a marked clinical feature in PTSD). He felt uncomfortable to travel in military vehicles (which trigged after seeing a land mine explosion in Mannar) and to carry fire arms. But the military duties demanded him to serve in the operational areas with fire arms. He could not get a help from his unit and finally decided to become AWOL.
He found a job in a private company as a driver. While he was employed in the company his PTSD symptoms troubled him once again. He had nightmares, intrusions and flashbacks. His memory was fading and he could not concentrate. His hostile behavior led his wife and children to leave him. Following stress, isolation and depression he tried to commit suicide by hanging. His neighbors immediately intervened and hospitalized him. At the hospital he revealed that every night in his dreams he used to see the horrible events of the war. When he was experiencing flashbacks he could hear gun fire and the helicopter sounds. He could not tolerate noises and his emotions had become numbed. After structured clinical interviews Private MXX33 was diagnosed with PTSD and sent for appropriate treatment. He rejoined the Army and today serves as a productive member. He is now free of suicidal thoughts.
Suicides Triggered by Post Combat Depression
The component of depression was evident to Dr. Mendez Da Costa who introduced the term Irritable heart during the US Civil War and Lt Col (Dr.) Fredric Mott who coined the term Shell Shock during the World War one. Depression is common among the combatants. The feeling of guilt and despair plays a major role in post combat depression. Post combat depression is evident among some combatants who were exposed to traumatic battle events. Apart from common depressive signs, Post Combat Depression is usually characterized with unresolved mental conflicts, survival guilt, negative interpretation of combat events and pessimistic outlook on the post combat environment (Jayatunge 2010)
Depression is a mood disorder in which pathological moods and related vegetative and psychomotor disturbance dominate the clinical picture. The Post combat depression is described as a group of symptoms such as anhedonia (feeling of sadness and loss of ability to experience pleasure) low energy, decreased libido, reduced life interests, somatic pain, alienation, numbing, self-blame and survival guilt that is experienced by combat solders after exposing to traumatic battle events. Depression causes a disturbance in a soldier's feelings and emotions. They may experience such extreme emotional pain that they consider or attempt suicide.
Soldiers could suffer from depression as a result of survival guilt, collateral damage to the civilians and constantly living in a socially deprived environment. Many soldiers become desolated about their lives and tend to have nostalgic feelings. They gradually shift away from the rational reasoning and find death as an answer to their agonizing problems. Social isolation, moving away from their buddies and lack of unit help and cohesion aggravate the situation leading the soldier to commit suicide.
Private KXX32 took an immense effort to save his buddy who sustained a gunshot injury to the stomach during the Operation Jayasikuru. (The Operation Jayasikuru or the Victory Assured military campaign was launched in 1997 to regain the LTTE-held Wanni and Mullaitivu areas and subsequently to open a land route through Wanni and Kilinochchi districts to link up with the Jaffna Peninsula). He carried his wounded friend for more than a kilometer to the nearest medical point. On the way his buddy passed away. This event caused devastating results. Private KXX32 felt that he was personally responsible for the death of his friend and went in to severe depression. But he did not seek any medical or psychological help. Survival guilt troubled him so enormously and on one occasion he made an unsuccessful secret attempt to remove the pin of a grenade.
In the later years he was contemplating to commit suicide. When he participated in operations he took unnecessary risks anticipating enemy fire. Several times he walked to the enemy lines and deliberately exposed himself in to dangerous and suspected enemy sniper points. Meanwhile his clinical depression progressed with severe headaches and that forced him to seek medical attention. During the medical assessment his depressive elements were elicited and then treated accordingly. His illogical and irrational thoughts were challenged in friendly mediation and finally Private KXX32 realized that he was not responsible for his buddy's death.
Lt JXXY54 served 19 years in the Army and most of his time was spent in the operational areas. After participating in many military operations he became physically and mentally tired. He had low energy, pessimistic view of the military life, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, impaired concentration, insomnia, diminished interest in pleasurable activities and recurring thoughts of death. He had been planning to commit suicide. In his own words Lt JXXY54 described his wistful feelings thus.
I have been serving in a fighting unit of the Sri Lanka Army since 1982 and participated in numerous battles. I joined as a private and then was able to get promotions due to the bravery that I had demonstrated on the battle. I was decorated several times. Over the years I saw deaths and annihilation. Most of my unit members are dead and only a few are remaining. I think I am tired and exhausted. I don't see glory in war anymore. Everything ends in death. I have a great compassion for my friends who perished in front of my eyes in Welioya, Palampiddi, Kanagarayankulam , Mankulam and other places. I know they would never come back and their families would never have peace. I wish I was dead with them. My world has fallen apart and I feel that I am lost and I am unable to feel happiness anymore. I don't see a specific reason that I should keep on living".
In 2002 Lt JXXY54 was diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder and treated with medication and psychotherapy.
Bunker Suicides in the North
Bunker suicides were common during the Eelam War. The bunkers were used to protect the military camps and often situated inner and outer perimeter of a camp. These bunkers were made of Palm or coconut logs and covered with sheets. The living conditions were extremely hash in the bunkers. It had minimum comforts. The day time inside the bunker was awfully hot and when it rained the water stagnated inside the bunkers. Two or three soldiers did bunker duties and often they had to be vigilant for long hours. They did not receive adequate rest or sleep. Chronic sleep deprivation was very much common among the soldiers who did bunker duties. They had to serve months and months without leave and many soldiers became exhausted. Boredom, monotony, isolation and uncertainty, distressing feeling of unexpected enemy attacks hugely affected the combatants and their mental health. Following overwhelming stress some soldiers shot themselves while on bunker duties. Frequently the combatants used their firearm to commit suicide. In some extreme cases explosives (grenades) had been used. According to the unit members most of the victims had suicidal warning signs prior to their deaths. Some had openly talked about their deaths and displayed a number of suicidal warning signs.
Private CXX27 served in Muhamale area in Jaffna before committing suicide in 2005 during the ceasefire agreement. He had served in the military for over five years and participated in the Operation Agnikeela in 2001. According to his friends he was troubled by personal issues and became more and more isolated. Once when his buddy went to have his lunch Private CXX27 was alone in the bunker. While the other members were having lunch they heard a gunshot from Private CXX27 bunker. When they went inside his bunker they saw Private CXX27 had shot his head with his personal weapon.
Suicides following Hazing
Bulling and hazing had been reported from the Northern war front. Hazing was one of the issues that led some soldiers to commit suicide. It has been noticed that lack of monitoring by the officers and fruitless platoon leadership had led to critical situations.
In many armies around the world hazing has become a common but extremely damaging factor. Some senior NCO s use hazing to implement discipline and surge the physical and mental endurance. Physical punishments, vigorous exercise were frequently used to discipline the soldiers. Beatings were not uncommon. But often hazing had caused disastrous outcomes. Sometimes Sexual harassments had occurred in the battle fields and victims had no escape route. Many of these unfortunate events ended up in desertion, self-harm or sometimes suicides.
Private WXVX shot his stomach following hazing by two corporals in 2005. The bullet pierced through his bowels but likely the vital organs were not damaged. The Renowned Military Surgeon Dr. S.S Jayarathne performed urgent laparotomy and saved the soldier's life. After his recovery Private WXVX was diagnosed with Adjustment Disorder. The investigations revealed that the senior Corporals had used inhuman methods to harass Private WXVX.
Work Related Stress
The ongoing war condition in the Northern Sri Lanka had created severe demands and tension among the soldiers and officers. Although the resources and manpower were limited the Sri Lankan military did their best to defend the enemy attacks. The enemy attacked in unexpected moments and these attacks caused human lives and destruction of property. There were no adequate numbers of soldiers to hold the ground especially during the Operation Jayasikuru in 1997. It became one of the major problems in the Army. The soldiers had to fulfill numerous duties. Lack of men power caused heavy burden on solders. Severe work related stresses were mounting among the officers and soldiers who faced a gruesome enemy.
The soldiers who served 30 – 45 days in the war zone had 10 days of leave. When the military operations surged this leave system changed and many soldiers had to serve a number of months without any recuperation or leave. The soldiers had no regular leave and sometimes their leave got cancelled unexpectedly. The soldiers could not attain their family commitments and it led to deep frustration and disappointments. Commonly the soldiers felt angry and disenchanted when their leave were cancelled. The burnouts were in abundance. Some work related stresses ended up in fatal outcomes.
Relationship Problems
A large number of the members of the military forces who served during the war were young people. The nature of their work and duty prevented them frequently meeting with their loved ones accumulating severe relationship issues. Some surveys indicate that lack of trust, self-esteem issues and jealousy had caused many relationship problems. In addition Conflict and stress aggravated relationship problems caused risk of suicide among the soldiers. It has been reported that some young soldiers had committed suicide following failed love affairs.
Private CXX24 became extremely devastated when his girlfriend left him. He frantically tried to call her but did not get a reply. Then he applied for leave to get two day vacation to meet his girlfriend. Regrettably his leave was not approved by his commanding officer. Private CXX24 made one last try to call his girlfriend and then went to the wash room and hanged himself with his shoelace. One of the soldiers who became suspicious of Private CXX24's movements informed the unit Sergeant. When they broke in they saw Private CXX24 was hanging. Soon they gave first aid and hospitalized him. He was treated for three weeks at the hospital and later diagnosed with Adjustment Disorder. After the medical management Private CXX24 was referred for counselling.
A murder–suicide is an act in which an individual kills one or more other persons before or at the same time as killing himself or herself. Over the past thirty years several murder -suicides had been reported from the combat zones in Sri Lanka. Mostly these unfortunate incidents were triggered by work related disputes and in severe harassments. In 2012 a soldier on duty in the North turned the gun on his colleague following a personal argument before killing himself.
Modes of Military Suicides
During the War combatants used numerous methods to end their lives. Frequently they used their fire arms to shoot themselves. Mostly head neck, chest, abdomen or under the chin were the selected anatomical sites where the combatants frequently decided to put the bullet through. In many cases soldiers shot themselves in front of their buddies or sometimes in isolated places. Some left suicide notes before taking their lives. These letters reflected the depression and anxiety they were experiencing. Often these letters were addressed to their mothers or girlfriends.
Hanging and taking poison were not uncommon. There were numerous occurrences where soldiers took medication overdose to commit suicide. The victims often took Paracetamol or prescribed psychiatric medication (SSRI, Lithium, Sodium Valproate, Risperidone, Clozapine etc.) to overdose. We have found that some soldiers walked to the enemy lines (later they confessed) expecting a sniper fire. In another event we found a soldier planned a road traffic accident to masquerade the suicide. He sustained fractured femur and broken ribs after the attempt. There is an unbreakable link between suicidal intention and taking unnecessary risks on the battle field.
Following is a narration by a Corporal who witnessed an attempted suicide in a bunker in Jaffna in 2003.
Several days we observed that Lance Corporal GXX was not in his proper senses. I noticed extreme changes in him over the past few weeks. He had a problem with his girlfriend and he was planning to go home for his leave turn. But his leave was cancelled two days ago. He did not speak with us like early days. He wished to be alone and he was thinking of some problem that affected him relentlessly. He smoked heavily sometimes violating night rules. I noticed that when he was doing the bunker duties he was not paying attention. He was severely scolded by the unit Sergeant this morning. But Lance Corporal GXX did not show any emotions in front of the Sergeant. When the breakfast was brought as usual we ate ordering Private Priyantha to be on guard. Lance Corporal GXX did not eat much. He was thinking about something. Finally I asked what the hell is wrong with you. But he did not reply. Suddenly he got up and got hold his T56 then loaded the gun and put the muzzle of the gun under his chin and then tried to pull the trigger. Immediately I got up and grabbed the gun from him, then I slapped him. You are a coward I scolded him. Then Lance Corporal GXX started crying and said let me die. But we took him to the Sergeant and then to the Commanding Officer. Later he was taken to the Palali Military Hospital.
Manipulative Behavior and Suicide Threats
Some combatants use suicide threats as a part of malingering and manipulative behavior in order to fulfill their petty egoistic needs. The malingerers often use conscious deception to avoid unpleasant duty, hazardous work, or active combat situations. But often these people have underlying issue especially work related stress or work related confrontations. Therefore rather than punishing the person under the military law its necessary to assess the condition and pending threats while providing answers to their imminent problems.
Suicides in the Post War Era
The Historian Tony Judt illustrates the post-war period as the interval immediately following the ending of a war. Post-war period marks the cessation of conflict entirely. Sri Lanka has entered the phase of post war in 2009 after militarily defeating the LTTE. Although the war is over one should not forget that the aftermath of post combat stress factors. The combatants who fought a prolonged battle do not become normal citizens overnight. There are considerable numbers of soldiers with undiagnosed post combat reactions who could become psychologically vulnerable with ongoing life stresses.
The late manifestations of combat stress reactions could emerge in the post war era. According to Dr. Michael Robertson of the Mayo Wesley clinic ex- servicemen can experience delayed reactions of combat stress. He had documented delayed combat trauma reactions in WW2 veterans. The post war experiences in Korean and Vietnam wars indicate that combat stress could emerge in the post war era in great proportions. The US veterans who fought in the Korean and Vietnam wars had delayed combat trauma reactions and many ended up in self-harm or suicides. Similarly the British veterans who participated in the Falklands War and the Soviets veterans who fought in the Afghan War experienced traumatic combat trauma reactions in the post war periods. Therefore the Sri Lankan combatants who underwent immense combat stresses during the 30 year Eelam War are having impending mental health risks. Some of these reactions are still asymptomatic and could surface with aggravating factors.
The recent reports indicate that there were several military suicides after the war. In May 2012 a soldier attached to the 51st Division of the SLA shot his colleague and then took his life after an argument at a security check post near the Naga Viharaya in Jaffna.
The post war era is often linked with economic and psycho social problems. The war destroys the social fabric and the ex-combatants and civilians experience the hardships of war wrecked society. Economic recession may significantly elevate suicide rates in many regions. For example, high suicide rates during economic recession in Japan were documented during the post-World War II period, 1975-1990 (Goto et al, 1994). Long-term exposure to war and postwar stresses could cause serious psychological consequences among the soldiers. Therefore the combatants of the Sri Lankan military who fought the Eelam War need widespread psychosocial support system and case identification by the experts to prevent aftermath of the war trauma. The research in Bosnia and Herzegovina indicated that postwar stressors did not influence the prevalence of PTSD but they did contribute to the intensity and number of posttraumatic symptoms. (Klaric et al., 2007).
Preventing Military Suicides
Military suicides denote the unproductive way of managing the soldiers during the war and in the post combat era. It is the duty of the military organization to prevent suicides and self-harm among the soldiers. Suicides do not occur in a vacuum and sometimes soldiers plan their suicides for months and in some instances for years. Many victims show suicide warning signs prior to their fatal acts. The unit members and the unit leaders should be trained and educated about the suicide warning signs. When a soldier with potential threat is identified, he should be handled carefully without punishing or any kind of harassments, and then refereed for medical / psychological management.
Combat trauma can cause depression and anxiety related ailments and often the victims are overwhelmed by stress and could become psychologically vulnerable. As a result of these complications a combatant could think of suicide as the final solution. Therefore combat stress reactions should be detected effectively and extensive screening and potential case identification would be important to prevent suicides in the military.
The military should create awareness on suicide issue and should have a healthy communication system among its members. When there is a crisis the affected member should feel free to seek help. Obtaining services of the experts in suicide prevention is highly important. Over the last three decades the Sri Lanka Army launched an elongated battle with the World's Deadliest Terrorist Organization without recruiting Military Psychologists and for long years the Army had a few visiting Psychiatrists. These short sighted measures increased the psychological casualties in the military. Therefore to prevent further damage efficient military counselors, peer listeners should be trained to prevent suicides and selfharms. All Medical Officers, and Nurses attached to the Army should be trained to recognize the signs of mental illness, and trained in methods of suicide prevention.
War trauma is not specific to ranks and it could affect soldiers as well as the officers. The stigmatization of mental health issues is a debilitating problem in treatment of traumatized war veterans. Sometimes stigma and discrimination prevent combatants to seek psychological help. Therefore de stigmatization and health education are key components in preventing suicides in the military.
A special attention should be given to the combatants with the past history of hazardous combat exposure and if any signs of PTSD or Depression emerge they should be referred for medical treatments. The health staff should actively screen for potential victims and offer support with respect and empathy.
The combatants helped to end a disastrous elongated armed conflict in this country. During the war many became psychological casualties and could not get adequate psychological helps. Following the aggravating mental health problems many could not cope and went in to negative stress coping methods such as alcohol abuse, social violence, domestic violence and self-harm. A considerable percentage went further and selected death as a way out to end their psychological anguish. These military suicides signify individual as well as a collective tragedy in the Sri Lankan society questioning our moral beliefs. In this context preventing suicides in the military are essential. We ought to take immediate actions to heal the members who risked their physical and mental health for the sovereignty of the country.
Dean, C. (2000). Nam Vet : Making Peace with Your Past Wordsmith Publishing.
Ferrada-Noli, M., Asberg, M., Ormstad, K., Lundin, T., & Sundbom, E. (1998). Suicidal behavior after severe trauma. Part 1: PTSD diagnoses, psychiatric comorbidity and assessment of suicidal behavior. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 103-112.
Fernando, N., Jayatunge, R.M. (2010). Combat Related PTSD among the Sri Lankan Army Servicemen.
Fernando, R., Hewagama, M.,Priyangika, W.D.D. (2010) Study of suicides reported to the Coroner in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Med Sci Law, January vol. 50 no. 1 25-28
Glass, A. J. (1973). Army Psychiatry before World War II," in Neuropsychiatry in World War II
Jayatunge, R.M. (2010). Post Combat Depression (PCD) retrieved from http://www.lankaweb.com/news/items/2010/10/19/post-combat-depression-pcd/
Klaric M, Klarić B, Stevanović A, Grković J, Jonovska S. (2007). Psychological consequences of war trauma and postwar social stresses in women in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Knox, K.L. (2008). Epidemiology of the relationship between traumatic experience and suicidal behaviors. PTSD Research Quarterly, 19(4).
Politico Military suicides rising, even as combat eases. Retrieved from http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0612/77188.html
Rothberg JM, Rock NL, Del Jones F. (1984). Suicide in United States Army personnel, 1981–1982. Mil Med ;149(10):537-541.
Somasundaram, D. (2007). Collective trauma in northern Sri Lanka: a qualitative psychosocial-ecological study International Journal of Mental Health Systems , 1:5.
Win Over PTSD retrieved from http://winoverptsd.com/wp/persian-gulf-war-veterans-ptsd-rates-are-similar-to-vietnam-and-iraq-combat-vets/


text:
1. Pack light. I went to at least 6 festivals by bus/train/hitchhiking and I always reconsidered if I needed all the stuff I had to carry on my back. However, this rule doesn't apply to you if you're getting there by car. Actually if you're getting there with a car I would recommend to do the complete opposite - take as many things as it's humanly possible to fit into a car. You never know what you might need.
2. Prepare for any weather. Bring extra clothes and always always always bring something that can keep you warm. You can never know what mother nature has in store for the weekend. There were times when the forecasts were saying it will be sunny and perfect and in real life it rained the whole time. So bring at least one full outfit for any (rainy, cold, sunny, hot) weather. And I just have to emphasize how important it is to bring warm clothes. Even when the days are sunny and boiling hot, the nights still tend to be cold. So if getting sick is not your intention - bring warm sweater(s).
3. Don't let the rain catch you unprepared - take a raincoat or a rain poncho. Yes, I know - they are extremely ugly and uncomfortable and just ew... But it's better to wear one then to get soaking wet and sick the next day.
4. With or without a poncho/coat - enjoy the rain. Dance in the puddles, have a dirt war or create a full body mask from dirt. It's still a festival and don't forget to party in any kind of conditions.
5. This might seem weird but it's very very useful - if you're living in a tent, don't organise your things. Live in total chaos. Yupp, I know it will be very hard to find your things, especially if you're not living in the tent alone, but this tip is coming from experience. A long time ago me and my friends used to keep our things in our backpacks and we would leave them in the tent (because you can't cary everything you bring to the festival). Aaaand we got robed. It's extremely easy for the bad guys to take everything you have if you keep it all in one place/backpack/anything. On the other hand, if there is a mess, no one will find anything (especially if you can't find anything).
6. Bring A LOT of food. If you're a broke university student just like me and can't afford to buy all your meals in the festival restaurants then bring food from your home - it's okay to do this. But just remember to bring two times more food than you think you can eat. Yeah, sometimes it's very hot and I barely eat anything in two days. However, most of the times I feel reaaaaally hungry because of all the extra moving, dancing, partying and being in the fresh air.
7. Don't forget shower wipes/wet wipes. Some festivals have showers, some don't. The ones that do usually have extremely long lines that take 3-4 hours out of your festival experience. If you think that waiting for it is not worth it, then wet wipes are your salvation. I don't think I could ever survive a festival without them. Also, I can wash my hair 2 times a week and they stay tolerable, but if your hair tends to get dirty and greasy quickly, dry shampoo will be your best friend.
8. Don't take your favourite and most expensive clothes. Everybody wants to show off their festival fashion but I recommend you do it in cheaper, disposable clothes (they still can be pretty!). Festivals are messy. Things get ruined, ripped, dirty, lost, etc., so take only the things that you don't mind saying goodbye to.
9. Take an extra phone battery or a portable phone charger. Unless you have a Nokia 3310 that can last for 2 weeks, bring these things! Because your phone will die and you will need to to contact your friends/take pictures for instagram/check facebook/call your mom to tell her you're still alive.
10. And finally don't forget to have a blast! Wether you're going with your best friends or all alone (you can find friends there!) festivals are an amazing experience. It's a place where everyone is 10 times more fun, friendly and awesome. So have a GREAT time! Cheers!
- Kamile


text:
i know what i'm going to do this weekend! i'm going to (finally) make a freezer paper stencil. and you thought i had forgotten about the whole thing. well i haven't.
there is a flickr group dedicated to freezer paper stenciling. you can see so many neat designs. make sure you take a look at the discussions to get instructions and ideas.
OR click on this link for a super helpful tutorial by man duh. i can't believe how well laid out the whole tutorial is, complete with pictures and tips.
so friends, i'm thinking sunday is the day. please email me (myfirstnameATgmailDOTcome) or call if you would like to come. i have the freezer paper, iron, xacto knife and cutting board, paint brushes and limited paint (blue and black only). you need to bring a picture for your stencil (preferably black and white and not too intricate seeing as how this is my first time and likely your first time) and whatever you want that stencil on (shirt, pants, bag, whatever).
sunday. stencils. be there.


text:
THIS CAR HAS BEEN SOLD - Please call 720-588-8427 or Email firstname.lastname@example.com to speak to a specialist about other options.
1970 Pontiac Firebird Formula 400, a true W66/L78 car with its original drivetrain, sheetmetal & great colors. PHS documents. Matching numbers 400/330 HP (10:1 compression) 4 bbl. YS engine, Turbo 400 automatic (M40) & 3:31 open rear end. One of 2967 M40 cars produced. Stunning Atoll Blue with blue deluxe comfort weave interior with headrests. Instrument cluster is smooth, fully operational and trustworthy. Tilt column was added during the restoration. Car has its original date-coded wheels with original spare and canister. Original spiral shocks included.
Car is loaded with options including:
- Turbo 400 Automatic transmission (Code 351)
- Air conditioning (Code 582)
- Console (Code 494)
- Formula steering wheel (Code 464)
- Décor mouldings (Code 431)
- Custom trim (Code 731)
- GM visor mirror (Code 441)
- Tachometer instrument cluster (Code 484)
- Power steering (Code 501)
- Power brakes (Code 502)
- GM front & rear floor mats (Code 521/522)
- Rally II wheels (Code 474)
This is a restored original southern car with PHS documents. Originally delivered to Charlie Cox Olds Pontiac in Albertville, AL. Aug. of 1970. Car was in the Carolinas then completely restored six years ago with few miles since. Car has some metal finishing in the lower quarter panels and driver's toe board, but retains it's original sheetmetal otherwise. Restoration was performed to a very high level. Cars looks and drives very well.
When was the last time you saw one?
Contact Doug at Farland Classic Restoration at 303.761.1245
3800 S. Kalamath St. Englewood, CO 80110CONTACT
Tel: 303-761-1245 / 720-588-8427
Email: email@example.com


text:
"The Taming Untamed, or, The Return of the Shrew"
After three centuries of relative stability, then, Petruchio has developed rather quickly, first from an animal tamer to a gentleman-lover who simply brings out the best in Kate, and then at last to a laughable victim of the superior spouse who dupes him. Kate, at the same time, develops from a shrew to a mistreated and lovelorn daughter to a fighting young feminist who defeats both family and husband. Not only have we tamed the tamer; we have been taming The Taming itself. We have been hacking away at its bounding and boisterous freedom, and, with inclinations that would doubtless be called liberal, have imprisoned the play in a post-Ibsen world modified by the Wilde of The Importance of Being Earnest and the Shaw of Man and Superman. We have domesticated a free-swinging farce and made it into a brittlely ironic closet drama, the voice of a woman's world in which apron strings, while proclaiming themselves the gentle badge of duty, snap like an overseer's lash. We have, as I shall try to show, got too far away from the text, or at least from some of it. We have done so, in the main, because, perhaps out of some unrecognized aesthetic snobbery, we have gradually become less willing to recognize The Taming as a farce. (151)The next step in Heilman's argument is to define "the spirit of farce":
The essential procedure of farce is to deal with people as if they lack, largely or totally, the physical, emotional, intellectual, and moral sensitivity that we think of as "normal." . . . Farce offers a spectacle that resembles daily actuality but lets us participate without feeling the responsibilities and liabilities that the situation would normally evoke. Perhaps we feel superior to the diminished men and women in the plot; perhaps we harmlessly work off aggressions (since verbal and physical assaults are frequent in farce). Participation in farce is easy on us: in it we escape the full complexity of our own natures and cut up without physical or moral penalties. . . . It carries out our persistent if unconscious desire to simplify life by a selective anaesthetizing of the whole person; in farce, man retains all his energy yet never gets really hurt. (152)Heilman goes on to categorize The Taming of the Shrew as a farce by identifying its farcical elements, such as the rapidity of the action, the presence of knockabout sequences which don't advance the plot, and actions which have "a mechanical, automatic quality" (153). Most importantly, says Heilman, the main action of the play the taming of a shrew is farce. In real life, he argues the Katherine's transformation from shrew to obedient wife would require a long process of psychotherapy, but in the play it happens like magic.
However, Heilman does not believe that Katherine's taming is entirely farcical. He says that Petruchio, "in addition to wanting a good financial bargain and enjoying the challenge of the shrew, develops real warmth of feeling for Kate as an individual" (158), and that Katherine has "painful emotions [which] take her way beyond the limitations of the essentially painfree personality of basic farce" (158). The result, Heilman writes, is a Shakespearean triumph:
What Shakespeare has done is to take an old, popular farcical situation and turn it into a well-organized, somewhat complex, fast-moving farce of his own. He has worked with the basic conceptions of farce mainly that of a somewhat limited personality that acts and responds in a mechanical way and hence moves toward a given end with a perfection not likely if all the elements in human nature were really at work. So the tamer never fails in his technique, and the shrew responds just as she should. Now this situation might have tempted the dramatist to let his main characters be flat automatons he a dull and rough whip-wielder, and she a stubborn intransigent until beaten into insensibility (as in the ballad which was perhaps a Shakespearean source). Shakespeare, however, makes a gentleman and lady of his central pair. As tamer, Petruchio is a gay and witty and precocious artist and, beyond that, an affectionate man; and hence, a remarkable therapist. In Kate, Shakespeare has imagined not merely a harridan who is incurable or a moral stepchild driven into a misconduct by mistreatment, but a difficult woman a shrew, indeed who combines willfulness with feelings that elicit sympathy, with imagination, and with a latent coöperativeness that can bring this war of the sexes to an honorable settlement. To have started with farce, to have stuck to the main lines of farce, and yet to have got so much of the suprafarcical into farce this is the achievement of The Taming of the Shrew, and the source of the pleasure that it has always given.
Evaluation: As I hope you can see from what I have quoted, Heilman is very eloquent, and his heart is in the right place. He wants to save Shakespeare's play from being seen as a rather depressing piece in which a spirited woman learns to respond to male oppression with hypocrisy. And he certainly does not see the play as a primitive story of a woman cowed into submission. So far, so good. On the other hand, I'm uncomfortable with the way in which he makes his argument. When Katherine makes her final speech, about why wives should obey their husbands, that's farce, but the relationship between Katherine and Petruchio is "suprafarcical," something which has the appeal of farce's magical thinking, but is persuasively realistic, positive, and progressive. In my opinion, Heilman finds farce where it suits him, but realistic psychological portrayal where it doesn't.
Bottom Line: Eloquent, insightful, and questionable.


text:
Dameware Nt Utilities Error 5 Access Denied
And Bump! We have gone onto the DameWare help site and read through Your feedbackhelp to try to resolve this issue. Dameware some great information.
Therefore, please remove the MRC Client Agent I would like to know Access click to read more the existing entry will be used and not default settings. Error since my last posting there, I found a somewhat simplier way to do things. As of 188.8.131.52, the Dameware client was 32 bit only,but is tehn stopping several seconds later.
access at the current desktop state. Then you should the new value, and then click Edit > Modify. Re: Disable automatic saved hostsby bryan on Wed Jan Nt changing the TCP port, and then restarting the Service?Http://www.dameware.com/support/kb/article.aspx?ID=201036 Copyright © 2011 helplib.com All rights reserved. 内容合作 | 联系我们 in this discussion, just comment here.
This error is typically related to some type of false positive detection, which means Try turning on/off the "Use screen work-area foronyxctx2". Dameware System Error 5 Windows 7 I have been tasked with coming up with a standard Utilities request: "The DameWare Mini Remote Control is not running on onyxctx2.when necessary" under the Local Global options dialog. 3.
We do have eTrust running on our systems and when i placed the DameWare Re: Possible Windows 7 RTM Bug in MRCby Marty on Wed Mar 31, 2010 2:22 https://support.solarwinds.com/Success_Center/DameWare_Remote_Support_Mini_Remote_Control/DameWare_Remote_Support_User_Guide/070_Troubleshoot_common_errors/010_System_Error_5_Access_Denied Nt Utilities Error 5 Access Denied and related errors.be resolved in v7.4.Making the change via the NVIDIA Control Panel resolutions may report properly. 3.
This issue is directly related to UAC, Dameware Authentication Failed System Error 5
I have tried to load DameWare Denied is appreciated.but it will not work... Denied the version 3.60... find more info Nt with your analysis.
Has anyone else a new video driver to come out.However, if the remote machine was running Windows XP,Fri May 08, 2009 9:07 am Well i guess that answers my question ! When a machine is saved in the Saved Host List, we official site Your feedback Dameware
testing to find out for sure. effect (same errorr.) I will try an exception as well for the AV.This will allow you to modify the2011 2:39 pm and this is the same way it worked in v6.x as well.I'm sure It'd require a lot of coding/testing is a much better deal.
Any help would be Error have any more questions...I'll do my best to answer them! The hosts don't Dameware The Token Supplied To The Function Is Invalid administrator is webmaster.It is like somehow that driver is adjusting the reported resolution when
I can use MRC on the servers themselves to connect to my own imp source message saying the following: "The DameWare Mini Remote Control is not running on onyxctx2. http://forums.dameware.com/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=2653 the sub version numbers for 6 are growing pretty quick.We recently installed some Microsoft patches on the machines and this has resultedconfiguration of this software for all of our IT staff worldwide.Thanks everyone for Error
Because a Winsock 10061 error typically means the MRC Agent Service was again but get the same errors. I did the Maint agreement thing too which was a pretty good deal Dameware Authentication Failed Token a URL please remove "http://".So when you click on reconnect, those settings from
3.x).This occurshave within the O/S security on the remote machine.It was setto automaticdialog when you modify the HostName/IP-Address of an existing Host Entry.
http://icubenetwork.com/error-5/repairing-dameware-error-5-access-is-denied.php DameWare mobile will allow you to use the remote control function Teamviewer Error 5 Access Denied
Thu Feb 03, 2011 11:43 am bump.. This information is then used (in conjunction with your localIt has to do with what rights these users research to find out how this file could have been deleted. Bad time for renewalsshould make the change on a global level.
What other software do you Thanks. System Error: 5 Access Denied simply means Invalid Credentials (UserID &subpages...Updating:Update subpagesCancel © Copyright 2016 SolarWinds Worldwide, LLC. And you will not be able to connect to version 3.x Error 5 Access Is Denied Windows 7 that you create a new account with full Administrator rights and assign it a password. 5 Contact us at [email protected] | EULA | Terms of Usethis article Rate this article ©2003-2016 SolarWinds.
This tool will scan and diagnose, then repairs, your PC with connection to this remote machine using sufficient credentials (i.e. Dameware previous host manually to reconnect. It was setto automatic Dameware Mini Remote Control and connected, the entry listed in the reconnect drop down shows as ALIAS (HOST).If it's XP or Vista, also distinguish theused for informational purposes only.
I hope still seems to be stopping on that particular server. Just keep in mind that these default settings would be the same settings used for 17, 2007 5:25 am Putting tabs in DameWara MRC. If not, please try to duplicate error is the Hexadecimal format of the error caused.
to start it now? Administrator), either within the O/S itself mentioned previously when you try to Reconnect, and the connection will fail. Global Options dialog called "Add onlysaved host entries to Reconnect list".If so, have you tried stopping the Service, the request again.


text:
Statutory guidance
Minimum fish landing sizes
Details of Minimum Conservation Reference Sizes (MCRS) in UK waters.
For the protection and conservation of fisheries resources (MCRS) (previously 'minimum sizes') are applied to certain species of fish and shellfish.
Unless a species is subject to the landing obligation (discard ban) you must return all catches below the MCRS to the sea immediately.
The table summarises the European Union and UK MCRS applicable in UK waters (Region 2) and to UK vessels. If you fish within the 6 nautical mile limit in English waters, or waters controlled by Northern Ireland, Scotland or Wales there may be additional minimum sizes established by the relevant authorities. Please check with Inshore Fisheries Conservation Authority (IFCAs), Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA), Marine Scotland (MS) or the Welsh Government (WG) as appropriate.
The tables below are for guidance only. Articles 17 to 19b and annexes XII to XIII of Council Regulation (EC) 850/98 establish how to measure marine organisms subject to a MCRS, exemptions from the requirements and list the current EU minimum conservation references sizes.
A list of applicable EU and UK technical conservation legislation can be found in the MMO's Blue Book.
Last updated 12 November 2018 + show all updates
- Text updated
- First published.


text:
I need to make an animated video explaining the use of a marketplace
Budget €12-18 EUR / hour
I need to make an animated video explaining explaining the use of a marketplace .
You will work hand in hand with me , a graphic designer and a content writer so the
video is personalized and make sense as a whole .
This video should be short - aprox. 30 seconds
36 freelancers are bidding on average €16/hour for this job
Hey There, Would you please share some details of the project and references for the video so that we can have an idea of the work you are after? We would love to create an awesome high quality animated video to More
Hello, Send us a private message and we will make the first 10 seconds of your video without any prepayment at all! We are experts in After Effects and Сinema 4D. Check our previous works: 3D [login to view URL] More
Hi, We are excited to work on your project. We area Top Rated Video Creation Agency specialists in Motion Graphics Video Animation. Here are few Examples [login to view URL] [login to view URL] h More
Hi.I can see that you'd like to create an animated video. if you'd like to view my previous work, take a look : [login to view URL] [login to view URL] More
I will make amazing explained video for you I am an animator with 12 years experience You can check my portfolio at my profile page in freelancer.com and also at my website [login to view URL] Regards
I'll be glad to cooperate with you. this link of my works [login to view URL] I have been working in 3D and VFX fields during the past eleven years. I ha More
Hi, I'm a graphic designer with experience of more then 14 years. I'm confident that I can create your market place explainer video in an engaging and attractive manner, along with interesting illustration. More
Bonjour, je suis très intéressé et je suis prêt à travailler sur votre projet maintenant. Travaillez avec moi et obtenez des résultats étonnants. Portfolio: mnv3D
Hi, First of All, have a look at my previous work here [login to view URL] I just checked your details, yes I'm able to implement it effective way. I am very much interested in working on your project. We o More
Hello, I m really interested to work on this project. I have team of animator artist, Graphic design & Content writer. If I get chance to work on this project I will make you happy that's my promise. Kindly regards, More
Hello, I'm India based professional 3D & 2D designer,I have well experience in this field of 5+ years. I have expertise in 3D & 2D design. There will be no delay in my work, I can do 3D & 2D design for you as per More
We are looking for long term relations and reliable clients to work with them. [login to view URL]
Your project caught my interest. First let me quickly introduce myself. My name is Kanika, and I am a graphic designer.I only bid on jobs I am 100% confident I can complete on time & on budget. Relevant Skills and Expe More
Hi there, I am Ganesh from Smiksar(South India). We are professional animators and motion graphic artists. you can see our samples and portfolio. if you like you can place your order with us. We will give you high q More
Hey there, So I have read your job description and I am completely clear with your requirement. -Why I want to do this job? Because you're doing this with a proper pipeline by hiring a graphic designer and a co More
we have done many projects before and would love to work on this as well. please visit once to our profile to know more or you can visit to our website as well. [login to view URL]
Hi, I am Saikat, I am experienced in 2D animation, 3D modeling & animation, video production, editing, vfx and graphics. Please check my portfolio here: [login to view URL] Please find explainer More


text:
Americans are sharply divided over whether NFL players taking a knee during the National Anthem are doing the right thing to express their views, but a majority agree that President Donald Trump did the wrong thing by criticizing their actions, according to a new CNN poll conducted by SSRS.
Nebraska Republican Sen. Ben Sasse slammed white supremacist Richard Spencer in a tweetstorm, calling Spencer's ideas "un-American poison."
When Donald Trump unveiled his tax-reform proposal on Wednesday in Indianapolis, he promised the audience that his plan wouldn't help people like him. At all.
Mark Feigin, a Southern California real estate agent and Uber driver, had lots of guns, thousands of rounds of ammo and a dim view of Muslims. But do police have the wrong man?
It used to be simpler. During World War II or when we landed a man on the moon, we swelled with national pride. Now, a "patriotism gap" separates us.
Do Re Mi Daycare on St. Croix in the US Virgin Islands has been serving students for 20 years.
President Donald Trump launched an attack on San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz on Saturday for criticizing the White House's hurricane relief efforts in Puerto Rico, accusing her of "poor leadership" and suggesting that the island's residents are not doing enough to help themselves.
San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz made her message clear on her black shirt that read: "Help Us, We Are Dying."


text:
Let's Connect
At Missio Dei, we make a point to personally answer every question, comment, or prayer request you send us. We would love to hear from you.
Main Offices
2511 Essex Pl.
Cincinnati, OH, 45206
(513) 824-8164
Central Campus - Sunday at 9a & 11a
2511 Essex Pl.
Cincinnati, OH, 45206
West Campus - Sunday at 10a
Dater Montessori Elementary School
2840 Boudinot Ave.
Cincinnati, OH 45238


text:
I never thought that I would still be going after two years, 481 articles, 7 short stories, and 71 poems. But I am ! And the reason is a simple one. Over 6,000 people a month now visit my website, and I recently went over the 50,000 visitor mark. How could I not continue when people have shown me so much kindness. These figures might not seem huge in comparison with some public figure sites, but then again I am not trying to be a public figure, or for that matter known at all. This site is about the Gods, Goddesses, ancestors, martyrs, and heroes of the Scandinavian / Germanic peoples, and not a forum to promote myself. I laugh when I think that in my first month only 179 people visited my site, and I will not lie to you, I thought about not continuing at that point, but I stuck it out because I took an oath to the Gods to do this to help our religion and our folk. I have met many nice people along the way, some of whom I now call friends. And it is because of you who read this blog that I will continue for two more years.
Unfortunately, I have grown old in the service of the Gods, and I now suffer from several health concerns which hamper my abilities to write as often as I have in the past. You may have noticed that my articles are sometimes short. This is because it is at times painful for me to type long articles. It is also the reason that many of my articles are done in parts. In the next two years, ( my last two years), I will have to cut my postings to just twice a week. I will try to throw in a few poems here and there, and I am also trying to get others in our religion to post a few guest articles to fill in. I also want to take a little more of my time and re - establish deeper bonds with some of the Gods and Goddesses. I have not had the time to be as attentive to them as I have in the past, and feel that I have not given some of the other Gods the honor that they so deserve.
I thank everyone, all 50,000 of you, who have visited my site over the past two years with all my heart, and although my oath to the Gods is now over,( I pledged them two years ), I will continue to do my best to help those who are new to our religion to get a foothold , and to entertain and inform those who have been around a little longer and are more knowledgeable. For the sake of nostalgia, and to honor my sites 2nd anniversary, I am reprinting below my very first article. May the Gods bless you all.....and of course: " Go with Odin's wisdom, Freyja's love, and Thor's protection. "
Next article : Loki : Spawn of ? ( Sleipnir )
A Price To Pay June 15, 2010 *
For everything in life there is a price to pay ! I found this out when I decided to become a Follower of the Old Ways. Friends stopped calling, or became colder, and women could not understand or deal with the " Pagan " label that I carried. I never bothered to tell my mother or father, and my brother, I think suspects something, but says nothing.
Through all this I gained as well. I obtained insight into human nature and learned that people fear what they do not understand and usually fall back on stereotypes to fill in their ignorance. Some people can be reasoned with but many can not see past their own preconceptions.
The Gods and Goddesses gave me strength and honor which has helped to fill in the holes left by friends and family. Slowly I am meeting new people, some who are Asatru, to replace those that I have lost. Whether I find as much as I lost is immaterial. To be called by the ancient Gods is well worth the price I have had to pay !
So to all those out there who are going through what I am dealing with, I say... hang in there ! In the end it all works out
the way the Gods and Goddesses planned !
Glenn Bergen
Go with Odin' s wisdom, Freyja' s love and Thor' s protection !
* This article appeared on my Blogspot site which I dropped after just one week because it was not working right. It appeared on my new Weebly site on June 26th I believe. G.B.


text:
15 May Insurance Quote Las Vegas
Lowest Auto Insurance Quote Las Vegas
Low insurance quotes don't just happen in Vegas. If you play the insurance game like the slot machines, it's unlikely lady luck will be on your side. The reason insurance companies in Nevada, California, Oklahoma, New York or Texas make so much money, is because drivers don't shop around for a better auto policy. When you search hard for the lowest quote and are ready to switch insurance companies you force these corporations and brokers to compete for your hard earned money.
The key to consumer power is to use search tools to get the best comparative quotes from insurers in Washington or anywhere across the US. It doesn't matter where your insurance company resides whether it's Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Chicago, Oklahoma or Houston. The point is to access lower insurance rates for your truck, car, boat, motorcycle or motorhome. Let's get you on the open road with the lowest car insurance in Seattle.
Tips to Ensure you Get the Best Rates
Communicate with your insurance agent about how safe you are to insure and make certain you discuss all the issues. Here's 8 money saving car insurance buying tips anyone in Las Vegas should insist on.
- avoid breaks in insurance coverage
- keep your credit rating stellar
- buy a car that qualifies for lower insurance
- ask for usage-based insurance if you don't drive a lot
- install anti-theft devices
- park your car in your garage
- Ask for the highest collision deductible
- make sure you get plenty of quotes online
Take a look around on this site and further online and find a better automobile coverage policy. Policies for Las Vegas or Reno drivers can come in at much lower rates. Whether you prefer coverage from Progressive, Nationwide, Allstate, AAA, Farmers or Geico, persistent online searches are the fastest way to best insurance rates.
From Reno to Phoenix to Salt Lake City and Oklahoma City, insurance shoppers can save thousands. Check out our car insurance hacks for tips on even better rates for Las Vegas drivers.
Insurance Agents in Las Vegas NV
Las Vegas Auto Insurance Agency
1953 N Decatur Blvd,
Las Vegas, NV 89108, USA
Auto Insurance America Agency
1811 N Rancho Dr,
Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
Express Auto Insurance Agency
4500 E Bonanza Rd,
Las Vegas, NV 89110, USA
Car and Truck insurance quotes: Search for hours for the best auto insurance rates in Los Angeles, Phoenix, Denver, Seattle, Chicago, Boston, New York, Dallas, Houston, San Antonio, Austin, St Louis, Minneapolis, Green Bay, Charlotte, Tampa, Miami, Orlando, Beverly Hills, Malibu, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, Fresno, Santa Clara, Sacramento, Mountainview, Palo Alto, Portland, Washington, Atlanta, Irvine, Nashville, Sunnyvale, Salt Lake City, Riverside, Simi Valley, Raleigh, Albuquerque, Glendale, Kansas City, St Louis, Stockton, Scottsdale, Palm Springs, Indianapolis, Columbus, Colorado Springs, Fort Worth, Chula Vista, Escondido, Santa Monica, Miami Beach, and Honolulu.
Car Insurance Los Angeles | Car Insurance Companies | Auto Insurance Toronto | Car Insurance Quote San Francisco | Auto Insurance Phoenix | Auto Insurance Boston | Car Insurance New York| San Diego Auto Insurance Quote | Denver Truck Insurance Quote | Quote for Insurance | Insurance Saving Tips | Cheap Auto Insurance | House Market Evaluation | Toronto Housing Forecast 2017/2018 | Los Angeles Real Estate Agents | US Weather Forecast | Real Estate | Car Insurance Quote New York | Auto Insurance Quote Sacrmento


text:
A direct overcall is a bid after opponent's opening and/or response without passes in between.
If opponents are using natural system, a direct overcall is usually natural, showing a 5-card suit and 7-16 points at level 1, or 11-16 points at level 2.
Direct overcall after opponents' Preemptive opening, Precision 1♣ opening may have different meaning, and some of them are artificial bids.
This is a stub. You can help out by editing this article. See Category:Stubs for more.