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AP Psych important Terms
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Asch's conformity study (line segments)
Asch gave groups of seven or nine college students what appeared to be a test of perceptual judgment: matching the length of a line segment to comparison lines. Although people could pick the correct line 99% of the time when making the judgments by themselves, they went along with the erroneous group judgment 75% of the time, even when it was plainly wrong.
Attribution Theory
The theory that describes the process of how individuals explain causes of behaviors and events. Some bias and errors in attribution are the fundamental attribution error, culture, spotlight effect, actor/observer difference, dispositional attributions, and the self-serving bias.
Aversive conditioning (good or bad?)
Also referred to as aversion therapy, a technique used in behavior therapy to reduce the appeal of behaviors one wants to eliminate by associating them with physical or psychological discomfort. In adults, aversive conditioning is often used to combat addictions such as smoking or alcoholism. One common method is the administration of a nausea-producing drug while the client is smoking or drinking so that unpleasant associations are paired with the addictive behavior.
Babinski response
The Babinski Reflex is a normal response in infants up to the age of 2, in which the big toe extends upwards and backwards, while the other toes fan outwardly; however, in adults a positive Babinski Sign is pathological and often indicative of severe damage to the central nervous system
Linguistic determinism (Benjamin Whorf)
Linguistic determinism is the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought. Determinism itself refers to the viewpoint that all events are caused by previous events, and linguistic determinism can be used broadly to refer to a number of specific views.
Binocular Disparity
the difference in image location of an object seen by the left and right eyes, resulting from the eyes' horizontal separation. The brain uses binocular disparity to extract
depth information
from the two-dimensional retinal images.
blind spot
the place in the visual field that corresponds to the lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the optic disc of the retina where the optic nerve passes through it. Since there are no cells to detect light on the optic disc, a part of the field of vision is not perceived. The brain fills in with surrounding detail and with information from the other eye, so the blind spot is not normally perceived
Blood Brain Barrier
The barrier between brain blood vessels and brain tissues whose effect is to restrict what may pass from the blood into the brain
Cerebral Cortex
The wrinkly covering on the outside of brains. Humans have much more cerebral cortex than animals, ours is more wrinkly..
Broca's aphasia (expressive) located in the left frontal lobe
unable to control muscle movements in speech
Cannon's critique of James-Lange theory
a) People who show different emotions may have the same physiological (visceral) state - Example
: cry when happy & sad
b) visceral changes are often too difficult to notice by a person having the experience to be used as cues
c) visceral changes are often too slow to be a source of emotions, which erupt very quickly. For example, when something bad happens to you, do you always cry before you feel sad? Or can you feel sad before crying?
d) physiological arousal may occur without the experience of an emotion
: For example: exercise --> increased heart rate --> no emotional significance
Carl Rogers (client centered therapy)
In client-centered therapy, the therapist listens without trying to provide solutions. The therapist must create an atmosphere in which clients can communicate their feelings with certainty that they are being understood rather than judged. It is critiqued for the vagueness of its principles, its antipathy to diagnosis, and its emphasis on the client's self-evaluation as the way to judge the outcome of therapy. Client-centered therapy may work less well with people who find it difficult to talk about themselves or have a mental illness that distorts their perceptions of reality.
Carol Gilligan's critique of Kohlberg's theory
Carol Gilligan has argued that Kohlberg's theory is overly androcentric. Kohlberg's theory was initially developed based on empirical research using only male participants; Gilligan argued that it did not adequately describe the concerns of women. Although research has generally found no significant pattern of differences in moral development between sexes, Gilligan's theory of moral development does not focus on the value of justice. She developed an alternative theory of moral reasoning based on the ethics of caring.
A strategy for making more efficient use of short-term memory by recoding information. Chunking means to organize items into familiar manageable units.
Classical Conditioning vs Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning describes an involuntary, or automatic, response to a stimulus. Operant Conditioning is a set of principals that describe how an animal learns to survive in its environment through reinforcement (consequences).
Clever Hans experiment
Hans was a horse that William Von Osten taught to do math calculations- or so he thought. The horse would tap his foot to give answers, and was correct a large amount of the time. The first thing that became apparent was that Hans needed visual contact with the questioner in order to answer correctly. The further away the questioner was, the less accurate he became. When Hans was blinkered, his ability to answer was diminished even further.The other major finding, was that Hans could only answer correctly if the questioner also knew the answer to the question. When the questioner did not know the answer to the question, Hans could not find the answer.The fact that Hans could only answer questions when he could see a questioner who knew the answer, led the psychologists to realise that Hans wasn't using intelligence to work out the answers, but was responding to visual cues given by the questioner.
Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive dissonance is an uncomfortable feeling caused by holding
conflicting ideas simultaneously
. The theory of cognitive dissonance proposes that people have a
motivational drive to reduce dissonance
. They do this by changing their attitudes, beliefs, and actions. Dissonance is also reduced by justifying, blaming, and denying. It is one of the most influential and extensively studied theories in
social psychology
Correlational Study
A correlational study is a scientific study in which a researcher investigates associations between variables. A correlation coefficient may be calculated. This correlation coefficient is a quantitative measure of the association between two variables. The goal of correlational research is to find out whether one or more variables can predict other variables. Correlational research allows us to find out what variables may be related. However, the fact that two things are related or correlated does not mean there is a causal relationship. It is important to make a distinction between causation and correlation. Two things can be correlated without there being a causal relationship.
Major cortexes of the brain
Cross Sectional Study vs Longitudinal Study
The longitudinal study uses time as the main variable, and tries to make an in depth study of how a small sample changes and fluctuates over time.A cross sectional study, on the other hand, takes a snapshot of a population at a certain time, allowing conclusions about phenomena across a wide population to be drawn.
Crystallized intelligence
acquired and usually does not decline with age
Daniel Goleman's views on emotional intelligence
Goleman identified the five 'domains' of EQ as:
Knowing your emotions.
Managing your own emotions.
Motivating yourself.
Recognizing and understanding other people's emotions.
Managing relationships, ie., managing the emotions of others.
David McClelland's achievement motivation studies
McClelland and a group of experts revolutionised the field of organisational behaviour studies through their experimentation with the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). This methodology involved measurement of human needs and motivation through the usage of pictorial displays. McClelland's innovative conclusions from the Tat Studies indicated that people acquired different needs over time as a result of life experiences. He identified three needs that affect motivation of organisational behaviour both of individuals and organisations:
Need for Achievement - The desire to do something better or more efficiently to solve problems, or to master complex tasks.
Need for Affiliation - The desire to establish and maintain friendly and warm relations with others.
Need for Power - The desire to control others, to influence their behaviour, or to be responsible for others
Major Defense Mechanisms (list seven)
1. Repression
2. Regression
3. Displacement
4. Projection
5. Rationalization
6. Denial
7. Intellectualization
A concept in social psychology regarding the loosening of social norms in groups.
the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with mental disorder or developmental disability. Deinstitutionalisation can have two definitions. The first definition focuses on reducing the population size of mental institutions. This can be accomplished by releasing individuals from institutions, shortening the length of stays, and reducing both admissions and readmission. The second definition refers to removing institutional processes from mental hospitals that may create dependency, hopelessness, learned helplessness, and other maladaptive behaviors.
Descriptive vs Inferential Statistics
Descriptive statistics includes collecting, organizing, summarizing, and presenting data. Inferential statistics is when we "make inferences", do hypothesis testing, determine relationships, and make predictions.
A concept that deals with one of the most fundamental questions of human nature; namely, whether or not man's behavior, thinking, and feeling are driven by something called free will.
Developmental Psychology
The scientific study of systematic psychological changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life span. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire life span. This field examines change across a broad range of topics including motor skills and other psycho-physiological processes; cognitive development involving areas such asproblem solving, moral understanding, and conceptual understanding; language acquisition; social, personality, and emotional development; and self-concept and identity formation.
Dominant Responses (aided by social facilitation)
What you do well, you are likely to do even better in front of an audience, especially a friendly audience. However, what you normally find difficult may seem all but impossible when you are being watched.
Dream analysis
Carl Jung was one of the first people to do this. Analyzing dreams to discover hidden motives, emotions, or repressed desires.
Echoic Memory
This particular sensory store is capable of storing large amounts of auditory information that is only retained for a short period of time (3-4 seconds). This echoic sound resonates in the mind and is replayed for this brief amount of time shortly after the presentation of auditory stimuli.
Effects of Marijuana
The active ingredient in marijuana, THC, acts on cannabinoid receptors on nerve cells and influences the activity of those cells. Many cannabinoid receptors are found in the parts of the brain that influence pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory and time perception, and coordinated movement. Some effects are: Distorted perception (sights, sounds, time, touch), problems with memory and learning, loss of coordination, trouble with thinking and problem-solving, increased heart rate, and reduced blood pressure.
Eidetic Memory
The ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with extreme precision and in abundant volume.
Elizabeth Loftus' research on eyewitness testimony
She showed films depicting complex automobile accident scenarios to participants and studied how post-event information could distort their memories. Asking a leading question, or even changing one word in a question, could distort a witness's recollections. For example, replacing a neutral word like "hit" with a suggestive word like "smashed" caused more witnesses to recall seeing broken glass at the scene, when none was actually present. Loftus believed that eyewitness testimony by itself should not be enough to convict a person.
Endocrine organs, and hormones
The major glands of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive organs (ovaries andtestes). The pancreas is also a part of this system; it has a role in hormoneproduction as well as in digestion.
A physical alteration thought to occur in living neural tissue in response to stimuli, posited as an explanation for memory.
Eric Erickson's 8 stages of psychosocial development
1. Oral-Sensory (trust vs. mistrust)
2. Muscular-Anal (autonomy vs. shame and doubt)
3. Locomotor (initiative vs. guilt)
4. Latency (industry vs. inferiority)
5. Adolescence (identity vs. role confusion)
6. Young Adulthood (intimacy vs. isolation)
7. Middle Adulthood (generativity vs. stagnation)
8. Maturity (egointegrity vs. despair)
False consensus effect
A cognitive bias whereby a person tends to overestimate how much other people agree with him or her.
Hubel & Wisel, visual processing
By depriving kittens from using one eye, they showed that columns in the primary visual cortex receiving inputs from the other eye took over the areas that would normally receive input from the deprived eye. These kittens also did not develop areas receiving input from both eyes, a feature needed for binocular vision. Hubel and Wiesel's experiments showed that the ocular dominance develops irreversibly early in childhood development
Feature analysis
According to this theory, the sensory system breaks down the incoming stimuli into its features and processes the information. Some features may be more important for recognition than others. All stimuli have a set of distinctive features. Feature analysis proceeds through 4 stages:
-Pattern dissection
-Feature comparison in memory
Feral Children
any children who have remained isolated from human contact from birth. a wild child.
Figure-ground phenomenon
The division of the perceptual field into background and objects that appear to stand out against it. The concept was evolved by the Gestalt psychologists, who invented ambiguous figures in which the same part could be seen either as figure or ground
Formal Operational stage of Cognitive Development
Developed by Jean Piaget, the formal operational stage begins at approximately age twelve to and lasts into adulthood. During this time, people develop the ability to think about abstract concepts. Skills such as logical thought, deductive reasoning, and systematic planning also emerge during this stage.
The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision), which is necessary in humans for reading, watching television or movies, driving, and any activity where visual detail is of primary importance. Located in the back of the eye.
Francis Galton's research
The thesis of his book is that "genius" or "talent" is genetically rather than environmentally determined. He writes that "there is no escape from the conclusion that nature prevails enormously over nurture when the differences of nurture do not exceed what is commonly found among persons of the same rank of society and in the same country "
Free Association
In free association, psychoanalytic patients are invited to relate whatever comes into their minds during the analytic session, and not to censor their thoughts. This technique is intended to help the patient learn more about what he or she thinks and feels, in an atmosphere of non-judgmental curiosity and acceptance.
Freud's stage of psychosexual development
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
The principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger, which can generate aggression.
Functional Fixedness
A cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. The concept of functional fixedness originated in Gestalt Psychology, which is a movement in psychology that emphasizes holistic processing where the whole is seen as being separate from the sum of its parts.
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to over-value dispositional or personality-based explanations for the observed behaviors of others while under-valuing situational explanations for those behaviors.
Galvanic skin response (GSR)
A method of measuring the electrical conductance of the skin, which varies with its moisture level. This is of interest because the sweat glands are controlled by thesympathetic nervous system, so skin conductance is used as an indication of psychological or physiological arousal.
A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies.
Ganzfeld Procedure
A technique used in the field of parapsychology to test individuals for extrasensory perception (ESP). It uses homogeneous and unpatterned sensory stimulation to produce an effect similar to sensory deprivation.
Gate Control Theory of pain
Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall proposed that a gating mechanism exists within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Descending pathways from the brain close the gate by inhibiting the projector neurons and diminishing pain perception. If you rub or shake your hand after you bang your finger, you stimulate normal somatosensory input to the projector neurons. This opens the gate and reduces the perception of pain.
Genotype & Phenotype
"Genotype" is an organism's full hereditary information, even if not expressed. "Phenotype" is an organism's actual observed properties, such as morphology, development, or behavior. This distinction is fundamental in the study of inheritance of traits and their evolution.
Gestalt Theory
Gestalt is a psychology term which means "unified whole". It refers to theories of visual perception developed by German psychologists in the 1920s. These theories attempt to describe how people tend to organize visual elements intogroups or unified wholes when certain principles are applied. These principles are:
-Figure and Ground
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Gustatory sense
detects only sweet, sour, salty, bitter.
A form of non-associative learning, habituation is the psychological process in humans and other organisms in which there is a decrease in psychological and behavioral response to a stimulus after repeated exposure to that stimulus over a duration of time.
Hans Selye's General Adaptation Response
He observed that the body would respond to any external biological source of stress with a predictable biological pattern in an attempt to restore the body's internal homeostasis. This initial hormonal reaction is your fight or flight stress response - and its purpose is for handling stress very quickly! The process of the body's struggle to maintain balance is what Selye termed, the General Adaptation Syndrome. Pressures, tensions, and other stressors can greatly influence your normal metabolism. Selye determined that there is a limited supply of adaptive energy to deal with stress. That amount declines with continuous exposure.
Harry Harlow's research with surrogate mothers
First, he showed that mother love was emotional rather than physiological, substantiating the adoption-friendly theory that continuity of care—"nurture"—was a far more determining factor in healthy psychological development than "nature." Second, he showed that capacity for attachment was closely associated with critical periods in early life, after which it was difficult or impossible to compensate for the loss of initial emotional security.
Hawthorne Effect
A form of reactivity whereby subjects improve or modify an aspect of their behavior being experimentally measured simply in response to the fact that they are being studied, not in response to any particular experimental manipulation.
Major types: availaility, hind-sight bias, representative, fixation, overconfidence.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
1. Physiological (breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion.)
2. Safety
3. Love/Belonging
4. Esteem
5. Self-Actualization
Hindsight Bias
The inclination to see events that have already occurred as being more predictable than they were before they took place.
a graphical representation, showing a visual impression of the distribution of data
Howard Gardner's view of multiple intelligence
Linguistic, Logical-mathematical, Spatial, Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal
Dissociative Theory
A partial or complete disruption of the normal integration of a person's conscious or psychological functioning. Dissociation can be a response to trauma or drugs and perhaps allows the mind to distance itself from experiences that are too much for the psyche to process at that time. Dissociative disruptions can affect any aspect of a person's functioning.
A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities and helps givern the endocrine system cia the pituitary gland. It is about the size of an almond, and controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles.
Id, Ego, Superego
According to Sigmund Freud's model of the psyche, the id is the set of uncoordinated instinctual trends; the ego is the organized, realistic part; and the super-ego plays the critical and moralising role
IDEAL (strategy for solving problems)
Identify, Define, Explore, Act, Look & Learn
Illusory Correlation
The phenomenon of seeing the relationship one expects in a set of data even when no such relationship exists.
Imaging techniques
Takes pictures of the brain as the neurons are metabolizing (red areas = healthy, black = dead); slices of the brain from any angle (colorized c-ray from any degree); allign atomic particles with magnets to pick up energy they give off and to convert it to pictures. PET, CAT, MRI, FMRI.
Inductive vs. Deductive reasoning
Inductive and deductive reasoning are two methods of logic used to arrive at a conclusion based on information assumed to be true. Both are used in research to establish hypotheses. Deductive reasoning arrives at a specific conclusion based on generalizations. Inductive reasoning takes events and makes generalizations.
Interference (proactive vs. retroactive)
Proactive Interference occurs when in any given context, past memories inhibit an individual's full potential to retain new memories. Retroactive Interference impedes the retrieval and performance of previously learnt information due to newly acquired and practiced information.
James-Lange theory of emotions
Emotions are feelings which come about as a result of physiological changes, rather than being their cause.
A chemical related to dopamine that is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Long term potentiation
A long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously.
Major neurotransmitters
serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, GABA, epinephrine, norepinephrine. Ach - enable muscle action, learning, and memory (used with alzheimers), GABA - a major inhibitory neurotransmitter (linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia), Serotonin - affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal (depression), Dopamine - influences movement.
Martin Seligman's "learned helplessness"
A condition of a human person or an animal in which it has learned to behave helplessly, even when the opportunity is restored for it to help itself by avoiding an unpleasant or harmful circumstance to which it has been subjected. Learned helplessness theory is the view that clinical depressionand related mental illnesses may result from a perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation.
Mental Age
the age at which a child is performing intellectually.
Mental Set
Many people approach problems in similar ways all the time even though they can't be sure they have the best approach or an approach that will even work. Doing this is an example of mental set -- a tendency to approach situations the same way because that way worked in the past.
thinking about thinking, controlling your thoughts
Method of loci
This is a mnemonic device or technique in which a person visualizes the items they're trying to learn in different spatial locations. To do this, the person associates the items with landmarks in some familiar place, which helps them recall the items later.
Milieu Therapy
A form of psychotherapy that involves the use of therapeutic communities. Patients join a group of around 30, for between 9 and 18 months. During their stay, patients are encouraged to take responsibility for themselves and the others within the unit
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
Misinformation Effect
a memory bias that occurs when misinformation affects people's reports of their own memory. example: Elizabeth Loftus's experiments with videos of car accidents, and suggestive words that elicited false memories of broken glass, smashed fronts of cars, etc.
Motion parallax
Motion parallax is a depth cue that results from our motion. As we move, objects that are closer to us move farther across our field of view than do objects that are in the distance.
A person with a narcissistic personality is totally centered on his or her own needs and feelings while ignoring the needs and feelings of others.
Normative Social Influence
One form of conformity. It is "the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them." This often leads to public compliance—but not necessarily private acceptance—of the group's social norms.
Novelty Preference
The Novelty Preference refers to the fact that infants are more likely to pay attention to new objects or people than those they've seen before. There's even an infant intelligence that is based on this concept and measures novelty preference. If an infant does not pay attention to a new or 'novel' object, there could be a problem that warrants further investigation.
If the hypothalamus were to become disrupted or damaged, signals from your stomach may become misinterpreted, making one think they are hungry when they are not. The hypothalamus also responds to stress. In order for one to cope with large amounts of stress, the hypothalamus make you feel hungry.
Opponent-process theory of emotions
Proposed by Richard Solomon and John Corbit, this theory suggests that the experiencing of emotions disrupts the body's state of homeostasis and that emotions occur in basically opposite pairs—pleasure-pain, depression-elation, fear-relief, and so forth—and oppose one another so that homeostasis can once again be achieved. The theory suggests that the experiencing of one emotion of a pair prompts the onset of the other emotion (the opponent process) as well, which eventually reduces the intensity of the first emotion and finally cancels it out.
Opponent-process theory of visual imaging
A color theory that states that the human visual system interprets information about color by processing signals fromcones and rods in an antagonistic manner.
Paradoxical sleep (REM?)
During REM, the activity of the brain's neurons are quite similar to that during waking hours; for this reason, the REM-sleep stage may be called paradoxical sleep.
A condition typified by partial loss of movement, or impaired movement.
Major Perspectives in Psychology
Biological, Developmental, Personality, Industrial, Cognitive, Humanistic, Behaviorism, Psychodynamic
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
An autosomal recessive genetic disorder which can cause problems with brain development, causing mental retardation.
Phi Phenomenon
A perceptual illusion in which a disembodied perception of motion is produced by a succession of still images. Confusingly, the term "phi phenomena" is used to refer to both phi phenomenon and beta movement, a related illusion. This results in phi phenomenon often being confused with beta movement.
Phonemes vs. Morphemes
A morphene is the smallest unit of language that has meaning. For example Cats has two morphemes- cat (singular) and cats (plural). Uneventful has three morphemes. event, eventful, and uneventful. Each morpheme changes the meaning of the word.
A phoneme is the sound that can change the meaning of a word. For example cat and cut are two different words because they have two different phonemes, the sound "a" and the sound "u".
responsible for detecting light, and therefore enable us to see.
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
Pineal Gland
A small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. It produces the serotonin derivative melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions. Its shape resembles a tiny pine cone (hence its name), and it is located near the centre of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two rounded thalamic bodies join.
Premack principle
States that more probable behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors.
Relex arc
the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action
Reliability vs validity in testing
reliability=consistancy. validity=if it is applicable, if it works.
Robert Rescorla's findings on conditioning
To test this theory, psychologist Robert Rescorla undertook the following experiment.[2] Rats learned to associate a loud noise as the unconditioned stimulus, and a light as the conditioned stimulus. The response of the rats was to freeze and cease movement. What would happen then if the rats were habituated to the US? S–R theory would suggest that the rats would continue to respond to the CS, but if S–S theory is correct, they would be habituated to the concept of a loud sound (danger), and so would not freeze to the CS. The experimental results suggest that S–S was correct, as the rats no longer froze when exposed to the signal light. His theory still continues and is applied in everyday life
Rods and Cones
rods are responsible for vision at low light levels. They do no facilitate color vision, and they have low spatial acuity. cones are larger and help see color. they operate at a higher level of light.
Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous, Fixed Ratio, Variable Ratio, Fixed Interval, Variable Interval
A person's belief in their own competence.It has been defined as the belief that one is capable of performing in a certain manner to attain certain goals. Eduology focuses on factors that create a meaning for individuals. It is believed that our personalized ideas of self-efficacy affect our social interactions in almost every way. Understanding how to foster the development of self-efficacy is a vitally important goal for positive psychology because it can lead to living a more productive and happy life.
Set Point
a point that the body tries to keep things at, like body weight and temperature. see: homeostasis
Social Cognitive Theory
People learn by observing others, with the environment, behavior, and cognition all as the chief factors in influencing development. These three factors are not static or independent; rather, they are all reciprocal. For example, each behavior witnessed can change a person's way of thinking (cognition). Similarly, the environment one is raised in may influence later behaviors, just as a father's mindset (also cognition) will determine the environment in which his children are raise
Social Facitlitation
stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
Social Loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
Social Trap
A term used by psychologists to describe a situation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole. Examples of social traps include overfishing, the near-extinction of the American bison, energy "brownout" and "blackout" power outages during periods of extreme temperatures, the overgrazing of cattle on the Sahelian Desert, and the destruction of the rainforest by logging interests and agriculture.
Somatosensory Cortex
A sensory system that detects experiences labelled as touch or pressure, temperature (warm or cold), pain (including itch and tickle), as well as proprioception, which is the sensations of muscle movement and joint position, including posture and movement.
Stages of Learning
Acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, discrimination.
Stanley Milgram's experiment with obedience
shocking- "the study requires that you continue"...
Stanley Schachter's two factor theory
States that emotion is a function of both cognitive factors and physiological arousal. According to the theory, "people search the immediate environment for emotionally relevant cues to label and interpret unexplained physiological arousal." Experiment with college students and epinephrine
Tay-Sachs disease
genetic disorder; The disease occurs when harmful quantities of a fatty acid derivative called a ganglioside accumulate in the nerve cells of the brain
relay station for sensory information to all other parts of the brain for further processing; EXCEPT SMELL
Thyroid Gland
controls how quickly the body burns energy, makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones
Tourette's Syndrome
an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.
Tragedy of the commons
it may not be good for believe in everyone for himself; better if everyone works toward "common good"
According to Jean Piaget's theories on cognitive development, transductive reasoning is the primary form of reasoning used during the preoperational stage of development. This stage occurs approximately from the ages of 2-7. Transductive reasoning employs the following reasoning: "If A causes B today, then A always causes B."Transduction, in simpler terms, is the "reasoning" (making sense) of a stimulus.
Turner's syndrome (X with missing chromosome)
Instead of the normal XX sex chromosomes for a female, only one X chromosome is present and fully functional.
Weber's Law
Wernicke's aphasia
inability to comprehend langauage and expression
Zajonc's "Mere Exposure Effect"
Concluded that evolution has hard-wired into us the tendency to bond with those who are familiar and to be wary of those who are unfamiliar.
Card Set:
AP Psych important Terms
2011-05-02 05:03:34
psychology terms ap
a load of useful terms
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25 Random Things
I've been tagged a million times for the "25 Random Facts" note on Facebook. Normally I ignore those things but the peer pressure is just too much. (Well, that and I've got nothing else to write about at the moment.) Unfortunately, probably due to a combination of this blog, my big mouth and a relatively boring existence, I'm having trouble coming up with 25 random facts that are still...well...interesting. Here goes:
- In Elementary School, I was voted "Most Likely to Become the First Woman President of the United States." In High School, I was voted "Most Likely To Succeed." Apparently even at a young age, I was
a natural leadera know it all.
- Funny enough, I still have no idea what I want to be when I grow up. Is it too late to figure that out? I wish I had a job that was easy to explain and made a difference in the world. Like firefighter or nurse. But without the fire and blood.
- I would love to write a book but have no idea what it would be about. Give me some ideas and I'll totally dedicate the book to you. No monetary compensation however. I'm cheap.
- Speaking of cheap, I don't gamble. The risk of losing my hard earned money outweighs the hope of making more.
- I'm not very good at thinking on my feet which means I'm much more articulate in writing than in person.
- Because I'm not very good on my feet, I worry about how I'm going to answer those big, spontaneous questions from my kids. Like "where do babies come from?" Do you think I'll be able to spend a couple of days writing out the answer and then submit it for their consideration?
- I love public speaking. If I know the material and have a general idea of what I want to say, I can usually muddle through any speech fairly well. Which completely contradicts #5 I know. What can I say? I'm complicated.
- I met my hubby at age 16 and married him at 21. Let that be a warning to all of you who have teenagers. Their BF/GF may be their future spouse so be nice.
- My hubby wanted to have kids immediately after marriage (keep in mind we were 21). I wasn't even sure I wanted kids at all.
- I don't miss the pregnancy part of parenthood at all. Adoption has it's advantages and that's a big one in my book!
- I hate being embarrassed. And probably embarrass too easily. To the point that I re-hash the most insignificant things in my mind for years.
- I love to sing but after a bad choir experience in college, I've lost my nerve to sing in public. (See #11) But my hubby and kiddos get an earful. Lucky them!
- I love to dance but only with a choreographed routine. Freestyle is not my style, yo.
- (10 more, are you kidding me?!) I love musical theater and movies and tv with dancing. Bring back "Fame!"
- I wish I knew how to sew. I'm not sure what I would make but it would be handy to at least be able to alter some pants or make some curtains.
- My style is pretty much copied from things I see on mannequins or on websites. I wish I had the ability to pull together a unique style all on my own.
- Similarly, I'm a lousy interior decorator. I try to buy accessories but never seem to find a home for them. And much of my furniture is still hand-me-downs.
- I wish I were a better listener. I have a nasty habit of finishing people's sentences as though I know exactly what they're going to say. I annoy myself but can't seem to stop!
- I think I talk too much. Questions rarely have a simple yes/no answer with me.
- I can remember any personal story anyone has ever told me. And I have a great memory for numbers. I'm not sure how either of these is helpful.
- I don't drink. (Probably goes back to #11) This has been known to cause animosity at work events where drinking is involved. People assume that I'm storing up their crazy drunken behavior for blackmail purposes or something. Maybe I am, maybe I'm not...
- I have no perception for social nuance or hidden agendas. None. You've gotta spell it out for me people.
- I'm not a good napper. It takes too long for me to turn off my brain.
- I don't like massages for the same reason.
- (FINALLY!) I've never been worried about job security. I always considered my jobs indispensable. Until now. Now I'm worried.
Random is an understatement for this list. If you made it to the end, you deserve a medal. You'll have to settle for this: it's over, you made it, well done!

subset: commoncrawl


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So I understand people like to give away money at the end of the year, whether for tax purposes or because they get influenced by the Giving Season, or maybe just because they're nice. If you are one of those people and you're looking for a place to send some of your hard-earned dollars, may I suggest the Animal Rescue League of Boston?
If you've been here before you are probably familiar with Watson, aka the Tailless Wonder, aka the Little Asshole:
I adopted Watson in July of 2012 from the ARL. I almost didn't, actually, because Watson (named Lord Puffton at the time) had a big Medical Note tacked to the outside of his cage and I walked past a few times like, "Ugh, medical issues mean money, I'm not going to adopt a cat with problems, I'm too cheap to be that much of a Good Person." But then, as I was wandering through looking at all of the other cats and kittens, this scrawny orange ball of fluff woke up from his nap and stood up and blinked a few times and I got my first real look at him and I went, "Oh my God he doesn't have a tail that is too cute." The rest is history. What can I say, I'm a sucker.
The ARL found Watson wandering the streets of Boston, underfed, un-neutered, and with a severe ear infection that had moved into his face. He had no tail when they took him in, but according to the vet he was actually born with a tail, which means he lost it at some point in a probably painful fashion. The ARL cleaned him up, neutered and chipped him, and took care of him until I came along a few weeks later.
He can be an annoying little jerk sometimes (said everyone, ever, about their cat) but he's an absolute darling and I am so glad he woke up from his nap so I could fall in love with him. And, of course, I am so glad that the ARL took him in. Which brings me to my point: we need places like the ARL. The unfortunate truth is that a lot of sweet, loving cats and dogs end up out on the streets trying to survive, and we need institutions like the ARL to rescue them and care for them until their "forever" family comes along.
The best way to help animals like Watson, hungry and homeless and sick animals, is to kick places like the ARL a few dollars every now and then. The ARL is doing an end-of-year fundraising push right now, and you can donate here; if you're local, the site also has information about fostering, volunteering, and other ways to help.
So I hope all the cute pictures and Watson's tale of woe (but not tail of woe, haha see what I did there) have convinced you to send the ARL (or your own local shelter) a bit of holiday money. And if your home includes a shelter animal, let us know in the comments! Pictures are encouraged. :)


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Former runner-up Kevin Anderson and sixth seed Adrian Mannarino bowed out in the Memphis Open first round.
Despite sending down 21 aces, Anderson – the 2015 runner-up making his return from a hip injury – went down to Damir Dzumhur 6-7 (6-8) 7-6 (7-2) 6-4 at the ATP 250 event.
A break of serve in the opening game of the third set proved crucial for Bosnia-Herzegovina's Dzumhur, who closed out victory in two hours, 36 minutes.
The only seed in action on the hard-courts on Monday departed, as Mannarino was edged by American Donald Young 3-6 7-5 7-6 (7-4).
France's Mannarino was up a break in the second and third sets after taking the first, and also gave up a 3-1 lead in the decisive tie-break.
In a battle between wildcards, teenager Reilly Opelka overcame Jared Donaldson 6-1 7-5.
The day's only other match saw Yoshihito Nishioka claim a 6-4 6-4 win over Guillermo Garcia-Lopez.


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Cloud Platform Administrator - Mid to Master
Do you have what it takes to become part of a winning team that strives for pushing boundaries? We highly promote creative thinking that helps all involved get to the solution. We offer a trendy productive environment and highly collaborative fast-paced culture where ideas are welcomed and professional growth is fostered.
TDMK Digital is a User Experience and Software Development company providing product strategy and next generation mobile and cloud software solutions to top commercial brands and innovative federal government agencies.
TDMK Digital is looking for a Cloud Platform Administrator to join our creative and fun team at our Hampton, VA location. This is an exciting opportunity to work on challenging problems within an innovative environment.
Individual is responsible for the maintenance of a modern cloud infrastructure, associated containerization and software development platforms. Works with Software and Data Engineers to design, implement, and configure commercial and DoD software applications and features within the cloud environment. Works with other USAF cyber organizations to ensure connectivity and reliable operations of the infrastructure.
The Pivotal Platform Operations Administrator is also responsible for the installation, maintenance, upgrades, monitoring, and management of Cloud Foundry and Kubernetes technologies as managed service across the AOC in development and production operational environments. Along with managing the entire deployment and operations lifecycle of these platforms and supporting technologies, the Platform Operator will also handle their integration with external enterprise core services. He/she will implement and maintain continuous integration and continuous delivery automation pipelines to streamline the delivery of platforms updates to all production environments which can exist in virtualized data center infrastructure or be cloud (generally AWS) based. Experience with vSphere and Docker highly desired. Primary work location will be Hampton, VA with multiple trips to the AOC CONUS/OCONUS locations.
Must have strong experience with server administration, especially Linux/Unix, to include extensive work at the command line interface and scripting as well as a working knowledge of networking concepts and experience with relevant technologies. Demonstrated self-starter who has experienced developing automation solutions with competence in scripting/programming languages for automating frequently executed activities for live production systems.
- Understand the Elastic Runtime Architecture and how it impacts developers
- Install, backup, restore, and upgrade a Pivotal Cloud Foundry installation
- Create users and assign roles
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- Use BOSH to troubleshoot their PCF installation
- Use BOSH to create and deploy a release
- Understand capacity planning and multi-site deploymentsAdministrator Roles:
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Please visit The Deli's full web charts organized by genre and region.
Ice Balloons is the eclectic supergroup of Kyp Malone (TV on the Radio), Sean Powell (The FuckEmos), Giselle Reiber (Midnight Masses), and Rob Bryn (Wild Yaks) - among others. After their 2013 self-titled debut (their only record to date), they kept a sporadic live show schedule, but one always filled with fun performances full of energy and all kind of psychedelic noises. Their show at Rough Trade on June 14 opening for Celebration (an ex Brooklyn band close to TV on The Radio) promises to be another opportunity for loud, on stage partying between a bunch of old time, talented friends.
This Emerging Artist is based in NYC,
check out other talented locals we picked
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(Available Tuesday – Saturday)
In 1990, Dr. Baha Azizi graduated with a Doctor of Dental Medicine degree from the University of British Columbia. Prior to his education in dentistry, he received training in the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences.
With many continuing education courses, Dr. Azizi has stayed on top of recent developments in rotary endodontics, esthetic dentistry, implant prosthodontics and regenerative periodontal surgery.
After receiving his dentistry degree, he gained valuable dental surgery training by completing a general practice residency at Vancouver General Hospital.
Since 1990, Dr. Azizi has been registered with the College of Dental Surgeons of BC.
He currently is a member of a prosthodontic study club and a surgical implant study club as well as the Canadian Dental Association and the BC Dental Association.
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The Need To Hire A Divorce Lawyer
Many people face divorce and all the challenges it comes along with. It is a time of emotional instability and when the whole world falls down and you feel like you are alone in the universe. This is a moment of stress and all sorts of thoughts and imaginations comes to your mind. At this point, a divorce lawyer is supposed to come in and assist you to take on the world. There are many reasons why need to hire a divorce lawyer to represent you in court. The following are reasons as to why you need a lawyer by your side. Learn more on
Commonlaw Alberta
It is essential to have a lawyer as he or she has deep knowledge in family law and all details pertaining divorce. They have gone to law schools and have immeasurable experience in this field. This is one of the many reasons you need to hire one to assist you in this journey. You may know a few things on divorce but not everything hence a lawyer would do the job perfectly for you and your family's sake.
In the times of emotional uncertainties, a divorce lawyer is fully and well trained to help you recover and overcome all obstacles along the way. They have helped others before and definitely they will assist you overcome all psychological and emotional challenges.
Another reason why a divorce lawyer is beneficial, is the fact that they will help you deal with all the paperwork involved which can be very overwhelming and disturbing. You do not have to struggle filling all documents. It might be cost effective but you need to consider your children and family. What will they go through if you represent yourself? You also need to emotionally stabilize and heal. If you go ahead and represent yourself in court, you might end up making wrong decisions that will cost you a lot. See more on
Wills & Estates
It is imperative consider hiring a divorce lawyer as they will give you advised that is not contaminated and one that is not corrupted. They are objective in what they do and will offer sober and neutral judgment unlike what you can offer having in mind what kind of moment you are in. This is a very delicate yet crucial stage and you need to get everything right since it is a matter of gaining or losing what you had worked for. Take your time and look at what you can gain from hiring a divorce lawyer. Visit
for more information.


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In this article, we will tell you how can you create this Visiting Card Design if you want to create your own?
Welcome to another Adobe Illustrator tutorial. In this article you will learn about" Visiting Card Design Sample in Coreldraw MCA14". We're again welcome to you in our website and we're thankful to you for visit our site. I recommend you first watch the article below first and then create your Business or Visiting Card Design.
Creating Work Sheet For Visiting Card Design Sample in Coreldraw MCA14:
To create a work sheet for Visiting Card Design Sample in Coreldraw MCA14, open the Adobe Illustrator program. Click on the "NEW" button and select the clipboard size "A4". In this tutorial, we will work in the "A4" clipboard. Let's tell you change if setting up a sheet after changing work sheet is changed.
Create First Design:
We talk to the first design so there are four objects and text for company name and logo. First of all we have to create a rectangle object, which can see the size of the screen shot below.
Now we have to make all of the objects you are looking for in different colors. Let's select the "Line Tool" and in the shot below, you are looking at the lines that are made in the same way. But remember that Lines Rectangle It should be a bit out of the scope to benefit from the fact that we will not be tempted to distribute the objects and divide our objects easily. As soon as you make the lines, select all the lines and rectangle together, with the help of "Path Finder" click on the "Divide" option. After click you see also a small change in the project. Check out the screen shot below.
In the screen shot, which was in front of the lines, have completely adjusted to their place.
Now you right click on the object click on the "Ungroup" option, with help of "Ungroup" your objects will be completely separated and color will be easy.
Create Second Design:
If we talk to the second design, you'll need to follow all the steps that are already. To reselect the "Line Tool" again and create the lines with the help of a screen shot, but you're sure there's a difference between the lines and the same difference by considering you have to draw lines.


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Sandvox was the choice for Guy Chassagnard to build his website. He chose the "Neo News" design for the site. People may want to visit the site if they are looking for Masonic Informations.
Sandvox features used for this site:Contact Form
Visit Masonic-Info - Informations maçonniques »
Who is the target audience for your website?
Masonic and plain people


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Y'all, can we talk about Marsala, my current color crush? Marsala is the 2015 Pantone Color Of The Year, and it is a bold, daring color choice that is PERFECT for out-of-the box couples!
From the florals and the cake to the apparel and the food & beverage, Marsala is turning up EVERY. WHERE. I have to be honest, y'all. If I was planning a wedding with a marsala color palette, this is what it would look like....
So there you have it, ladies and gents....my dream wedding with a marsala color palette. What do you think, is marsala the color for your wedding? Let me know in the comments!
P.S. If you want even MORE marsala inspiration, visit my Pinterest board here.


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All of Big Big Train's songs with a London theme have been brought together as a 34 minute song cycle. As all of the tracks which make up 'London Song' have been released previously, the release is available for free download at Bandcamp. 'London Song' will be available on Spotify and other streaming services later on in August.
Free download of London Song here:


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In "The Lord of the Rings" he plays an elf, a magical creature that helps the little hobbit to destroy the precious ring; in normal life Orlando Bloom is a "pepper" englishman, who wants to become an actor as good as he is beautiful. Y-18 chatted with him to know and let you know him better.
- Orlando, is there someone who helped you particularly to become an actor?
Of course! She's my mother. I couldn't be here without her. My mum has always helped me, supported me. Now she keeps the relationships with theĀmany fans I have all over the world. She looks after my websites and tells me the gossip about me. I wouldn't know what to do without my mother!
- When did you decide to become an actor?
When I realised I wasn't able to get a diploma... no, I'm joking, I mean that when I was a child I didn't like to study. The teachers said I didn't want to study; I was too creative to stay quiet behind a desk. I wanted to do something different, so I joined an acting school in London. There I could express myself.
- What did you do when you were a little boy?
I had quarrelsĀwith my sister Samantha. She had fun dressing me with her clothes and I had to react. She's older than me, so she had reason.
- What do you like, apart from acting?
I like sports, especially dangerous ones. I really like climbing mountains, snowboarding and bungee jumping. They give great emotions. When I suggested to do these sports to my lord of the rings friends, especially Viggo and Eljiah, they thought I wasn't serious, and when they realised I was, they thought I was crazy to do these things for fun, but we did surfing together in New Zealand.
- Was it fun to act in The Two Towers?
Yes, very much. Firstly, the movie is beautiful. Peter Jackson is a very good director, he can do his work well and he helps the actor, but he lets us express ourselves. And I and the other actors became very good friends. When we didn't act, we did sports and laughed together.
- Where do you live now?
I live where I was born, but I'm trying to buy a home in London and maybe a flat in LA, too. It would be important for me to move there, cause it could be useful for my work: when it's about my career I'm ready to make all the sacrifices that I have.
- Are you ambitious?
Yes, quite ambitious, even if I'm not a maniac. I think the most important thing for an actor is to grow, and onlyĀafter to care about success. I don't stop to study and I think this is the best way to act in excellent movies. Now I'm really happy about my career.
Who is Orlando Bloom?
Name: Orlando Bloom
Date of birth: 13 January 1977
Where: in Canterbury, England
Brothers/sisters: an older sister named Samantha
Why he decided to become an actor: to obtain superman's part, as his fav actor, Christopher Lee
Hobbies: extreme sports, in which he's very able
Show in which he acted first: Casualty, on english tv
Movie that made him famous: the Lord of the Rings
Astrological Profile
He has Mars in Capricorn, his battle is always in order to a social evolution that can last in time. Also Mercury is in Capricorn, while Saturn is in Leo, so that he can be cold and rational, but more ambitious. He appears calm but he has
fighting in him. In some occasions he can be very dissatisfied.


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There have been recent rumors and reports about the retired four-starMarine Corps general and the challenges of being Trump's chief of staff. Trump has hinted at a preference for military options, although a strike on North Korea could leave close USA ally South Korea vulnerable to North Korean military retaliation. Read More »
World News
Hamas, Fatah sign reconciliation deal in Cairo
Palestinian media reported that the two sides agreed to form a committee to solve, within four months, one very local problem that has dogged previous attempts at reconciliation: what to do about Hamas bureaucrats who will be out of a job when the Palestinian Authority resumes its rule in Gaza. Read More »
United States withdraws from UNESCO, the UN's cultural organization, citing anti-Israel bias
The decision follows a string of UNESCO decisions that have drawn criticism from the USA and Israel. Mr Netanyahu condemned the agency this year for declaring the old city of Hebron in the West Bank a Palestinian World Heritage site . Trump's predecessor Barack Obama slashed USA funding to the organization in 2011 after it voted to accept Palestine as a full member-state. "At the time when conflicts continue to tear apart societies across the world, it is deeply regrettable for the ... Read More »
Trump sends signal with Corker attack - Source Thehill
Some top Republicans are already sending mixed messages in their complaints about the Trump tax plan, even though the final version of the revenue reform measure has yet to be written. Every Republican senator up for re-election in 2018, with the exception of Sen. Corker that evening spoke with New York Times reporters and said he is concerned that Trump is running his White House and the federal government like "a reality show". Read More »
Trump says 'only one thing will work' against North Korea
The interview made headlines all across the Pacific Rim, and remains the leading story on the South Korean Yonhap News Agency website as of this writing. The Asian country for long has made a mockery of the USA diplomacy. "Stand by your phones", Yong Suk Lee, deputy assistant director of the CIA's Korea Mission Center, said he had told his staff. Read More »
Galen Rupp ends American men's drought in Chicago Marathon
Khannouchi was born in Morocco so Rupp is the first US born victor since 1982. Kenya's Abel Kirui was second, 28 seconds behind Rupp. "It's just incredible", the delighted victor told NBC afterwards. She went out with an aggressive pace and was all alone by the 30-kilometer mark. Around 25K, Hasay began fading from the lead women - Dibaba and Brigid Kosgei - by approximately 20 seconds but was still on sub-2:19 pace, under the American women's marathon record of 2:19:36, running ... Read More »
Trump order protects 'freedom to discriminate' against LGBT people
Pedro Portal/TNS/NewscomToday, as President Donald Trump's administration is announcing that employers with religious concerns will have an easier time getting exemptions from the birth control mandate , Attorney General Jeff Sessions has released a lengthy memo describing the Justice Department's approach to religious freedom . Read More »
Trump admin to reverse birth control mandate
Mark Rienzi is a lawyer for Becket, which argued on behalf of the Little Sisters, reacted. That's likely to be true for most of the cases in the court system right now. The guidance is on firm legal and constitutional ground. The religious exemption to the Obamacare birth control mandate is a part of the executive order President Trump previously issued on religious freedom. Read More »
May makes light of keynote speech cough with medicine-themed tweet
At the risk of not being wholly impartial (sorry Ofcom) I feel sorry for Theresa May. May began her speech by talking about why she joined the party 40 years ago, highlighting that the things that have made her most proud have not been the positions held but "knowing that I made a difference - helped those who can not be heard". Read More »
Up to 100000 additional refugees waiting to flee Myanmar
Lowcock said that he believed "a high level" United Nations team would be able to visit the area "in the next few days", without elaborating, repeating UN's demands for Myanmar to allow "unhindered (and) unfettered" access to the state. Mr. Lowcock said he believed a "a high-level" United Nations team would be able to visit the area "in the next few days". Hindus and ethnic Rakhine were also among the dead - allegedly killed by Rohingya militants. Read More »
Sheriff: Hard to Believe Las Vegas Gunman Planned Attack Alone
Investigators questioned her about Paddock's weapons purchases, a $100,000 wire transfer to a Philippine bank that appeared to be intended for her, and whether she saw any changes in his behaviour before she left the United States. As for the investigation into the shooting, he said: "Yeah, they're learning a lot more". "It never occurred to me in any way whatsoever that he was planning violence against anyone". Read More »
Turkey to Impose Further Sanctions on Iraqi Kurdistan
Fearing Kurdish separatism within their own borders, Iran and Turkey have launched joint military exercises with Iraqi troops at their borders with the region. Baghdad imposed a ban on all worldwide flights to Kurdish airports on Friday, while Tehran has ordered a halt to all trade in fuel products with Iraqi Kurdistan. Read More »
TODAY'S FORECAST: Sunny, high near 70
Chance of precipitation is 80%. Mostly cloudy, with a low around 60. Light and variable wind becoming south around 6 miles per hour after midnight. Chance of precipitation is 30 percent. Partly cloudy, with a low around 53. Mostly sunny, with a high near 75. Wednesday Night: A chance of showers and thunderstorms, then showers likely and possibly a thunderstorm after 1 a.m. Read More »
Hurricane Maria's Aftermath In Puerto Rico — Intersection
The Federal Emergency Management Agency said this week that Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands has received 4.4 million meal kits and 6.5 million liters of water, NBC reported . Bianca Ocasio, breaking news reporter with the Orlando Sentinel, Andrea Marcial, reporter with Telemundo in Orlando, Maria Padilla, founder of OrlandoLatino.org, and Fernando Rivera, associate professor of Sociology at the University of Central Florida joined Intersection to talk about the recovery effort in ... Read More »
Iraq Plans to Take Control of the Autonomous Kurdistan's Boundary
Iran strongly opposes independence for the Iraqi Kurds, fearing it will provoke separatists among its own Kurdish population. The exercises will be conducted at the level of at least four crossing points iranian side of the border, " he said, after a meeting of commanders in iran. Read More »
Rock climber falls from Higher Cathedral Spire in Yosemite
The climbing community in the Bay Area is shaken up after two risky rock falls in Yosemite Valley this week. The first slab fell from a peak at the world-class climbing destination El Capitan on Wednesday afternoon, followed by a much larger chunk of granite from the same section of the mountainside Thursday afternoon. Read More »
Russian Manipulation Of US Elections: Facebook, Twitter And Google Asked To Testify
Warner also slammed Twitter's explanations of its actions against Russia-linked accounts and suggested the company doesn't understand the seriousness of Congress' investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election . Twitter , on the other hand, has shown to have multiple easily faked accounts and news items that allowed influencing of the public by alleged Russian operatives. Read More »
New UKIP leader is Henry Bolton from Kent
The U.K. Independent Party on Friday elected Henry Bolton as its new leader after Paul Nuttall stepped down in June. Phil Hornby spent the day on the English Riviera, and watched the build-up to an unexpected result. His election will be met with a sigh of relief by many of Ukip's top command. "The other thing is, I do not believe for a moment that we should be pushing this out and allowing the negotiations to be endless before we leave". Read More »
State Alum, OSU assistant appears in court in federal bribery scandal
Federal Bureau of Investigation documents claim Evans took more than $20,000 from two men - a former agent and a financial advisor. Evans, who's entering his second year at OSU, is accused of taking at least $22,000 in bribe money to steer athletes to financial advisers. Read More »
Trump Waives Pro-Union Shipping Regulations To Send Aid To Puerto Rico
White House spokeswoman Sarah Sanders announced on Twitter that Trump had authorized the Jones Act waiver at Rossello's request. The law known as the Jones Act limits the number of ships that could be sent to Puerto Rico, a US territory, and thus the amount of relief supplies that have come in since the hurricane. Read More »
Trump On Firing Tom Price: 'We'll See'
Price is facing two investigations into his use of private jets amid Republicans' failed attempt to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Price, an ally of House Speaker Paul Ryan, is a past chairman of the House Budget Committee, where he was known as a frequent critic of wasteful spending. Read More »
Interpol Approves Membership for Palestine
The United States believes the unilateral move to have worldwide bodies recognise Palestinian statehood will thwart efforts to restart the peace process. Palestinian Foreign Minister Riad Malki hailed the vote as a "victory for law enforcement" and "voice of confidence in the capacity of law enforcement in Palestine". Read More »
Catalan police ordered to crack down on disputed ballot
The legislation underpinning the vote has already been suspended by Spain's Constitutional Court. Maza said officials have decided now isn't the right time for such an arrest, and that they're trying "not to be disproportionate". The visit comes as Catalonia's regional government attempts to hold a vote on independence from Spain, which could prove challenging for US companies who are invested in Spain and have operations in Catalonia. Read More »
Prince Harry, Meghan Markle can't keep their hands off each other
The Invictus Games - which Harry launched in 2014 and serves as a Paralymic-style global event for wounded servicemen and women -was also the ideal place for the pair to go public, as Meier notes . Prince Harry , right, arrives with his girlfriend Meghan Markle arrive to wheelchair tennis during the Invictus Games in Toronto on Monday, September 25, 2017. Read More »
Boy beaten with hammer while protecting sister dies
Dante Daniels was declared brain dead after the attack by his mother's former partner in Sacremento, California , and died six days later. At some point, Chaney Jr. Police said he got her auto keys and some different things and left in Salone's vehicle. Dante is pictured with his sister, Danae , who at the time was being sexually abused by Chaney Jr. Read More »
Moscow: Russian general killed in Syria because of USA policy - RIA
The Russian Defense Ministry said on Sunday that Asapov had been killed by Islamic State shelling near Deir al-Zor; his death was revealed around the time Moscow disclosed what it said was photographic evidence showing USA special operations located at Islamic State positions in Syria . Read More »
Dem lawmaker: Trump should help Puerto Rico instead of dividing country
Residents line up gas cans as they wait for a gas truck to service an empty gas station, in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria in Loiza, Puerto Rico . "And our petition is for us to be able to use them". "But it's also the one that can have the speediest recovery, and it'll be the great surprise in the Puerto Rican economy, because we're going to come back stronger". Read More »
Hurricane Maria could cause unsafe currents along U.S. coast
UPDATE: Hurricane Maria's winds have weakened to 115 miles per hour as it continues moving north northeast at 8 miles per hour. The Weather Channel said the hurricane may blow in close enough to the Outer Banks of North Carolina to cause coastal flooding Wednesday and Thursday, as well as affect parts of the Virginia Tidewater and even the southern Delmarva Peninsula. Read More »
Natural disaster detected near N Korea nuclear test site
The exercises were meant to underscore "the seriousness with which we take DPRK's reckless behavior", White said, using an acronym for North Korea . Separate geological agencies had detected two artificial tremors near North Korea's previous test site before the country touted its "perfect success" in a special announcement later that day. Read More »
Erdogan says Turkey to consider sanctions over Kurdish independence vote: Anadolu
The MGK said the plan was a "grave mistake" and "a step that directly threatens Turkey's national security" and called on Iraqi Kurdish leaders to scrap it. The council urged "dialogue and compromise" to address differences between the Iraqi government and the regional authorities. Ahmed Al-Asadi said the Shiite militias were pushing west of the ISIS-held town of Hawija on Friday, after the formal launch of the operation to retake the area - one of the last extremist strongholds in Iraq - ... Read More »


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The Institute on Religion and Democracy TheIRD.org
"The U.S. Campaign to End the Occupation is not asking any other nation in the world to endure routine rocket attacks on civilian centers by a terrorist group." — Mark Tooley, IRD President
Washington, D.C. — A U.S.-based anti-Israel coalition with church groups has asked its supporters to urge President Obama to investigate Israel's alleged violations of U.S. weapons laws. The call came quickly after Israel responded militarily to Hamas's ongoing rocket attacks on Israeli civilians.
"Israel's attacks against the Gaza Strip are being committed with U.S. weapons given to Israel as military aid by the U.S. taxpayer," the U.S. Campaign to End the Occupation complained. "These weapons are being misused by Israel in violation of the U.S. Arms Export Control Act to commit grave human rights abuses of Palestinians."
The U.S. Campaign equates Israel to Apartheid South Africa, advocates boycotts and divestments against Israel, and opposes U.S. support for Israel across the board. Religious groups among its members include the United Methodist Board of Global Ministries, the American Friends Service Committee, the Methodist Federation for Social Action, United Methodist Board of Church and Society, Lutherans for Justice in the Holy Land, and the Episcopal Peace Fellowship.
IRD President Mark Tooley commented:
"The U.S. Campaign to End the Occupation, with its religious advocates of 'human rights,' has fully unveiled its true intent, by opposing Israel's right even to react against years of rocket attacks by Hamas. For them, there can be no peace or justice in the Middle East until Israel just goes away.
"By 'human rights' the U.S. Campaign means exclusively criticizing Israel for all Middle East strife and ignoring transgressions by Hamas, the Palestinian Authority, Hezbollah, Syria, Iran, and every other actor in the region.
"The U.S. Campaign does not really support Israel's right to exist, much less to defend itself. The U.S. Campaign and its member groups are not asking any other nation in the world to endure routine rocket attacks on civilian centers by a terrorist group.
"The plight of Palestinian Christian would not in the least concern these U.S. church groups if Israel were not the villain. Compare the ink and verbiage expended on the few tens of thousands of Palestinian Christians versus millions of Egyptian Coptic Christians, whose plight now under Muslim Brotherhood rule is of virtually no interest to these church crusaders for 'human rights.'"


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West Sussex
Our training centre in West Sussex provides a range of safety and management training including NRSWA Streetwork courses.
If you are looking for safety or management training closer to Brighton than Horsham we can provide great discounts for group training on your site.
How to get there
Onsite parking is available at our centre in West Sussex, our training team can provide you with directions if you choose to drive. Alternatively getting to our training centre is possible using public transport.
The nearest train stations to our training centre are Christs Hospital and Horsham, with bus links from there to stops near our venue.
For more information on how to get to our training centre please speak to our training team.
West Sussex Venue Facilities
Our training centre in West Sussex has step-free access and onsite parking available.
Lunch is provided on a course-by-course basis, please check the joining instructions to confirm if lunch is provided for your course or not. If you have any dietary requirements please let us know before your course start date so we can make suitable arrangements.


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In the medical field, January is designated National Birth Defects Prevention month. For healthcare providers, this means educating the masses on how to prevent birth defects. For expectant families, this should mean arming yourselves with the knowledge you need to stop preventable birth defects.
Here's what you need to know about STDs in order to prevent birth defects in your kids!
Birth Defects & STDs
Genital Herpes
When an expectant mother is infected with genital herpes that transfers to the infant before or during birth, the STD can cause a number of birth defects, including cerebral palsy, brain damage, and hearing or vision impairment.
Usually, birth defects caused by herpes are thanks to infection during birth, so risk can be minimized by treating the mother's genital herpes before labor.
Congenital Syphilis
Early congenital syphilis is diagnosed before age 2. It can cause premature birth and birth defects such as enlargement of the spleen or liver, nasal cartilage inflammation, changes in the bones, and issues in the central nervous system. Vision problems and deafness may even result. Since maternal syphilis is easily treated with penicillin to prevent transmission to the fetus, many birth defects resulting from this STD can be prevented with STD testing and treatment.
This STD is very common and is spread through many types of close personal contact, including intercourse, kissing, and sharing utensils.
If an expectant mother acquires cytomegalovirus (or CMV) for the first time in pregnancy, she has a high risk for passing the STD along to her infant. This can lead to very serious illnesses, disabilities, and even death. Related birth defects include deafness, blindness, and intellectual disabilities.
The US sees 40,o00 cases of CMV infection in infants each year, with 400 deaths and 8000 disabilities resulting. Although currently CMV screening is not a routine part of pre-natal care, researchers are looking for CMV treatments and developing a vaccine to combat new infection and prevent fetal transmission.
Prevent Birth Defects With STD Testing
The first step in preventing birth defects is acknowledging that a mother's sexual health can impact her child's. The next step is doing something about it by pursuing regular STD testing.
TEST SMARTLY LABS nationwide offer accurate, confidential STD testing for expectant mothers and any individual looking to monitor their sexual health. Stop in and get tested today, then visit your healthcare professional for the treatment you need!
To get started, contact your nearest TEST SMARTLY LABS for STD testing!


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Internet Resources And Services To Help You Plan Your Wedding In Gainesville, Orlando, Ocala and Lake City Florida
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Complimentary Cash from Online Gambling Establishments UK
With all the online gambling establishments that are readily available, it's difficult to understand which one you are going to try initially. Fortunately there are some finest online casinos that you can experiment with when you are gambling online for the very first time. There are a lot of different websites that rate the best online gambling establishments so that it's easier for you to reduce your choice list, besides who would desire to settle for anything less than the finest.
The first thing of the best ways to gamble strategically as a better and maybe an avid casino gamer is to understand if that site has been checked out by a number of gambling establishment games. You can visit online forums and search for some articles on the site. A review on that website is also a good referral. Through this, you can uncover some of the sites hiding ways that reject your possibilities of winning.
They may be simple, but the adventure associated with it is great enough. The first thing that you need to know is your limit when you are placing a bet. You do not have to go from your limits and wager more if you are unable to win.
Utilizing the 3rd party transferring service like NETeller or FirePay should resemble 2nd nature for anybody situs domino. Rather than spreading your vital financial details too many parties around the web, utilize one source to manage your money. You can merely send out the loan back and forth to many online sports books as soon as you have cash in NETeller or FirePay. As far as I am concerned, you need to never ever do things any in a different way.
Usually, you believe they have it all until you discover another sports book with other options. In the old days, Vegas sports gamblers would need to drive around town looking for a bargain. Today, you can just click over to numerous online sports books and find the offer you want. Most of us have an interest in online casinos to have a good time and make a little cash at the same time. If you follow these guidelines, you have a better chance in both of these matters.happywheels


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Excuse my naive question....but :
How can I play one of my outside VSTI in AUDIOMULCH
Knowing that some of my vsti are added in the audiomuclch plugings files on C://
That they appears in audiomulch...one loaded in the PATCHER and connected to sound out
While the setting of my mini usb keyboard is connected...
At the moment I can not play anything, no sounds comes out, and there is no piano roll with tickboxes to enter note, to make it play either...
All I can do at the moment with audiomuch, is to add effect to a sample looped on my music..
But I would like to create music with my own vsti ???
Is it possible in AUDIOMULCH....?
why is it always so difficult to have something to play music with as simple as VSTHOST http://www.hermannseib.com/english/vsthost.htm but better.....
I did like the possible of high masterising my sound in AUDIOMULCH and was ready to buy it...but if I can't simply create my music with my midi usb keyboard or with tickboxes to fill in the notes...and play my own vstI....what is the point of buying it.....as VSTHOST does the job as simple as that : PLUG and PLAY almost...
Or maybe I did not quite understand the purpose of AUDIOMULCH ???
So if you can light my candle, that'll be fine.... thanks
It's always annoying to have to read 200 pages of a PDF before to know how to create a sound in a sound machine...to my point of view.....If we can't gather at first sight how it works and can't make it work after a little time.....what's the point.....Music to me has to be instantaneous....I can't afford setting up every pieces of the engine under the bonnet of the car, before driving it.....if you see what I mean.????..


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Restoring the Body's Natural Order
Career Path : Chiropractic
The human body is a fascinating vessel of life. Combining intelligence, force and matter to achieve increasingly impressive feats unimaginable to previous generations, humans are somehow capable of integrating a million moving, living parts within them to interact intentionally with the world around them. Everything we consume and every action we take has its repercussions within us, as the body's organs and inborn systems convert the necessary nutrients into energy and optimal health. Coping with competing demands in this busy society leads many of us to push our bodies to the limits, and the body does its best to keep up. Chiropractic care can restore the body's internal balance, or homeostasis so that we can function at our best.
What Doctor of Chiropractic Does
A doctor of chiropractic (DC) is trained to observe signs that the body may not be functioning at optimal levels and provides adjustments to help the body heal itself and return to equilibrium. Pain, if it occurs, is only an outward symptom, the body's natural defense mechanism to alert the brain about a deeper problem occurring somewhere else in the body. Chiropractic recognizes that there is an innate intelligence that uses the brain and nerve system to control and maintain the body in health. Interference to the nerve system can lead to a change in health most easily seen as disease or loss of function. But more than that, this interference can affect performance on multiple levels, some easily observed and others more subtle.
Balance Within the Body
Our bodies are composed of a series of interconnected systems of which the central nervous system is the most important to maintaining ideal health. Electric nerve impulses passing through the spine to the brain must flow freely to promote functional awareness, sensitivity and mobility. The bones of the spine can, if misaligned, put pressure on the cord and small spinal nerves. This pressure distorts and blocks information coming from the brain. Ultimately, these misalignments disrupt nervous system communication and lessen the body's ability to function and heal. Doctors of chiropractic locate and correct these misalignments in the spine (called vertebral subluxations) so that the body can heal itself. Patients can help encourage their intrinsic instinct for natural flow by drinking enough water, eating properly, breathing deeply, getting the proper amount of sleep, and all manner of healthy living to interact harmoniously with our environment.
Correcting Vertebral Subluxations
Through careful location, analysis and adjusting techniques, chiropractors correct these vertebral subluxations, relieving pressure on the nerves to restore function and nerve flow. The external force of a chiropractic adjustment enhances the body's internal responsiveness, promoting an adaptive reorganization of bodily systems by facilitating inborn tendencies for cell regeneration. The goal of a career in Chiropractic is to improve the life and health of patients by restoring fluid transmission of nerve impulses throughout the body, which can increase the body's capacity for life and health. This process of enabling the body to achieve its full potential represents the essence of training at a chiropractic school.
Visit Sherman College of Chiropractic for more information about chiropractic school requirements.
Source: http://ezinearticles.com/?Restoring-the-Bodys-Natural-Order&id=7842847


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Mitt Romney's Gaffe-tastic, Snoop Dogg's Name Changes to Snoop Lion
Biography.com's "Week in Review" highlights interesting people who've made the news this past week—thanks to their endeavors, big ideas, triumphs, importance in history, or magnanimous gaffes. While there were many people to choose from this week, here are our top picks that made us either raise an eyebrow, roll our eyes, shed a tear, or just gave us a good chuckle. Lots of Gaffes Leads to Discomfort: Mitt Romney's International Tour a Bust?
According to the media, Mitt Romney is a serial gaffer. His first—albeit innocuous one of the year—started in January when he sang "America the Beautiful" in one key. But lately, the comments bursting forth from the presidential candidate's mouth during his international tour have been, according to some, an internationally egregious gaffe-tastrophe. Right before the London Olympics got underway, the British media pummeled him for his insinuation that Olympic organizers weren't doing the best job in preparation for The Games. As for his trip to Israel, he was generally well received, but he enraged Palestinians for apparently dismissing their place in Jerusalem and blaming their weak economy on their cultural values. "Yesterday, he destroyed negotiations by saying Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, and today he is saying Israeli culture is more advanced than Palestinian culture," asserted Palestinian official Saeb Erekat. "Isn't this racism?" Thankfully, his last stop to Poland went more smoothly, since many Poles lean towards Romney's hard-line stance against their political foe Russia. Guess there's only one thing left to say: Get this man the lyrics to Poland's national anthem! Source: Newsday Feeling the Heat: Chinese Swimmer Ye Shiwen Suspected of Doping After WR Swim
When you're not considered a leading contender in your race, but suddenly kamikaze through the water and beat your personal best by five seconds, break a world record, and are faster than the fastest male swimmer (in this case, Ryan "Diamond Grillz" Lochte)—then yes, even the most open-minded people would squint their eyes and stroke their invisible beards. Such is the case with Chinese Olympic swimming powerhouse Ye Shiwen, who, at age 16, became a firestorm of controversy when she snagged a world record and gold medals in the 400- and 200-meter medley this week. When suspicions of doping surfaced, Chinese officials claimed the accusations were due to racism. "This is not the first time that certain Western media have voice unfounded suspicions about the outstanding performance of Chinese athletes," voiced the government-sponsored Chinese newspaper the People's Daily. "Deep-seated prejudice has led them into blind ignorance." But critics are holding their ground. "We want to be very careful about calling it doping," said John Leonard, executive swimming director of the USA Swimming Coaches Association. "The one thing I will say is that history in our sport will tell you that every time we see something, and I will put quotation marks around this, 'unbelievable,' history shows us that it turns out later on there was doping involved." Source: The Guardian, National Post That's Mugged Up: Karl Lagerfeld Attacks Pippa Middleton's Face
Someone should curate the countless divalicious smackdowns designer Karl Lagerfeld has driveled out of his mouth and make a coffee-table book out of them. Throughout the years, he's been known to dismiss models like Heidi Klum and Claudia Schiffer, he's called Andy Warhol "physically repulsive," and recently, he's critiqued singer Adele's weight by concluding she's "too fat." But now, Lagerfeld is ready to hit the British Royals, and his first victim happens to be Pippa Middleton. "Kate Middleton has a nice silhouette and she is the right girl for that boy," he reportedly told The Sun, (the 'boy' being Prince William). "On the other hand, her sister struggles. I don't like the sister's face. She should only show her back." Maybe Pippa's mug reminds him of an old boyfriend of his? Source: The Daily Beast A Golden Opportunity: U.S. Women's Gymnastics Are on Top Again
It may have taken 16 years, but the U.S. Women's Gymnastics Team are back on top and golden! The ladies beat out favored Russia, who garnered silver, and Romania, who took bronze. This resurrection of U.S. dominance in the sport is exciting, considering power gymnast Gabby Douglas (a.k.a. The Flying Squirrel) isn't finished blowing the competition out of the water. Source: The Wall Street Journal
Name Changer: Snoop Dogg Is Now Snoop Lion
Looks like the D-O-Double-G has gone from a bow wow to a meow: The 40-year-old rapper formerly known as Snoop Dogg is now reggae artist Snoop Lion. After going to Jamaica and experiencing both a spiritual and artistic transformation, Snoop Dogg Lion is going with a three-pronged approach to show himself anew: He'll be releasing his new reggae album Reincarnated, along with a documentary and coffee book (we're imagining pics of lions catnipping amid marijuana plants). "I have always said I was Bob Marley reincarnated," Snoop told reporters at a news conference. "I have always been a Rastafari." Source: People


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Lillehammer University College (LUC) is located in beautiful surroundings in central eastern Norway. The institution has a long tradition as education provider and is part of the Norwegian public higher education system. LUC is situated just outside the city of Lillehammer and has approximately 4200 students and an academic and administrative staff of 330 employees. All on one campus. LUC's academic range is wide: undergraduate programmes in Travel and Tourism, Business Administration, Organisation and Management, Sports Science, Film and Television, The Norwegian Film School, Health and Social Work, Humanities and Social Sciences.
|Gudbrandsdalsvegen 350 2624 Lillehammer
|exchange student information
|international office email


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bd Leaves
This is an original design inspired by camera irises. It consists of individual leaves for every minute and hour arranged in rings, with each leaf overlapping the next. The current value is displayed by opening the overlap so it is visible. When the number changes, the next leaf jumps over to cover the last one. Tapping the center removes the square bezel and shows the current temperature, the date, and the watch and phone battery levels. Tapping at 12 o'clock toggles through 6 different color schemes.
Please do not copy, modify or distribute, for commercial or non-commercial purposes, any part of this watch face without the explicit permission of the original creator.