text:
Chpt 4 E-commerce and the role of Third Parties
Verisign, TRUSTe
Chpt 5 The
Regulatory Environment
Copyright on the WWW
Privacy Issues in Canada, Bill C6
web linking; domain name disputes
changes last made to this page 2006 May 16
In Section One we will use material
from the following texts
|2nd Edition
Chpt 4
Chpt 5
course author:Tim Richardson
|Learning Objectives
for Section 1
Section 1 is organized such that after completing this section participants will be able to
Chpt 4
E-commerce and the role of Third Parties
Chpt 4
E-commerce and the role of Third Parties
|Chpt 4, page 125
TRUSTe is a nonprofit organization that issues a seal to companies that comply with its rules of disclosure and informed consent
"Web sites displaying the TRUSTe Privacy Seal are committed to abiding by a privacy policy that gives users notice, choice, access, security, and redress with regard to their personal information."
Under the heading of education, TRUSTe has a section titled
TRUSTe's Privacy Protection Guidelines
- go there www.truste.com/education/protection_guidelines.html
they have 6 points
1. Read Privacy Statements.
Chpt 4
E-commerce and the role of Third Parties
|Chpt 4, page 126
"Specifically, Veri-Sign provides products that allow websites to transmit encrypted data and to provide authentication about the source and destination of the data"
Network Solutions used to be the original Domain Name registrar. VeriSign bought Network Solutions and through its acquisition of Network Solutions, VeriSign is the world leader in domain name registration.
Chpt 5
|"Regulation of Electronic
Commerce and the Internet is slowly Evolving" - the lead in sentance to
Chpt 5
Each Country has three categories of Internet Users to serve:
Chpt 5
|Regulatory Environment,
Cryptography Issues
2nd ed. page 146
Export of Cryptographic Products
Chpt 5
|Regulatory Environment
2nd ed. page 156
Third-Party Sharing / Selling of Data
Chpt 5
|Regulatory Environment
2nd ed. page 157
|META Tags
Chpt 5
Web Linking Issues
META Tags
|Web Linking Issues
2nd ed. page 160
Linking Using Trademarks in Keyword META Tags
Chpt 5
Web Linking Issues
|Web Linking Issues
Linking to Illegal Files
2nd ed. page 161
"Unfortunately the ease of scanning images
and [copying] digital recordings of music and video make it easy for "bootlegged"
copies of music and pictures to reside on the Internet. ...MP3 is one such
compression technology thathas made it feasible to upload and download
digital audio files that were otherwise to large to transmit"
|screen capture leading to a special section on registration issues of Domain Names
|screen capture leading to a special section on marketing issues of Domain Names
Chpt 5
The Regulatory
|Domain Name
Citing our military role as international peacekeepers, a story in ComputerWorld Canada in May, 2000 noted a Montreal company, named eResolution, backed by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assignment Names and Numbers), is in a position to handle the full adversarial proceedings from initial complaint filing to the arbitration stage and transfer of evidence.
Chpt 5
The Regulatory
"The low cost and ease of domain name registration has allowed individuals to register domain names of well-known companies. The intent by many registrants was to hold these domain names hostage until a company would offer to buy the rights to use the domain name"
The text says on page 165
"Registrations are approved on the basis of the assumption that no other entity has a legal right, such as a registered trademark, to use that domain name. If that assumption proves false, ICANN reserves the right to reexamine the registration of that domain name and generally gives preference to entities with a federally registered trademark."
Chpt 5
The Regulatory Environment
|Privacy Issues
2nd ed. page 149
|screen capture leading to a special section on Privacy Issues
.In Section Two we will use material
from the following texts
|1st Edition
Chpt 5
|2nd Edition
Chpt 7
|Chpt 2
Chpt 3
Chpt 4
|Chpt 1
Chpt 2
|Chpt 2
course author:Tim Richardson
Objectives for Section 2
Section 2 is organized such that after completing this section participants will be able to
|Secrets &
Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World
Schneier talking about the "relationship between prevention, detection and reaction.
"Good security encompasses all three"
|Chpt 5
1st Edition
Chpt 7
Chpt 5
Chpt 7
Chpt 5
Chpt 7
|"Electronic Commerce":
Greenstein & Feinman, (1st Edition) Chpt 5 The Risks of Insecure Systems
Greenstein & Vasarhelyi, (2nd Edition) Chpt 7 The Risks of Insecure Systems
the powerpoints for Chpt
5 (1st Ed) can be obtained from
Page 215 Greenstein Text - 2nd Edition
"Until recently, most information security breaches were initiated by insiders. However a study by the CSI Computer Security Institute and FBI indicates that this trend is rapidly changing. The findings indicate that the number of external attacks is growing because if the increased use of the Internet"
Overview of Risks Associated with Internet Transactions
risks associated with transactions between business partners
risks associated with confidentially-maintained archival, master file and reference data
risks associated with viruses and malicious code overflows
(in addition to the information in the Greenstein text, scroll down to viruses)
buffer overflows
|screen capture leading to a special section on witiger.com about DNS Attacks
|screen capture leading to a special section on witiger.com about cookies
Chpt 3
Types of
Types of
|Secrets &
Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World
by Bruce Schneier
Chpt 3 Attacks
of Information Security
by Michael Whitman and Herbert Mattord
Chpt 2 The Need for Security
A summary of the Threats described in Chpt 2 is listed below
Five groups of "real and present" danger
of Information Security
by Michael Whitman and Herbert Mattord
Chpt 2 The Need for Security
Chpt 3
Types of
- Frauds
Chpt 3
Types of
- Scams
Schneier quotes the National Consumers League (Chpt 3, page 24)
"the five most common online scams are
|Privacy Violations
In many countries, people do not own the information which is collected about them, that is to say, their personal data.
This information is considered the property of whatever credit card company, insurance firm, educational institution that collected the information.
As a consequence of some outrageous violations of collecting and disseminating personal information, Canada, New Zealand and other countries have enacted tough laws which are binding on the companies that collect and pass on personal profile information (which we noted in Section 1 of this course when we presented the federal and provincial legislation dealing with this).
Privacy violations are not, strictly speaking, criminal activity, but, depending on what is done with the information, it can be used for criminal purposes - such as assuming an identity for the purposes of obtaining credit, which could then be used to fraudulently buy products and services.
As a person studying IT security, it would be your responsibility to understand that protecting the private personal information of people that have data held within your firm's IT systems, is critical to conduct effectively and without risk.
Chpt 3
Types of
- Privacy Violations
|Privacy Violations
Schneier, page 29
If the attacker wants to know everything about
As Schneier says, "this attack harnesses the power of correlation"
Data harvesting is only worthwhile
doing if it can be automated, and computers allow the automation process
to be done very effectively. Using good cryptography will thwart harvesters
since they will not be easily able to identify if what they are looking
for is in the target they are attacking.
Chpt 3
Types of
Types of
& Lies: Digital Security in a Networked World
by Bruce Schneier
Chpt 3 Attacks
Schneier gives an amusing example noting that in the hours leading up to the 1991 bombing of Iraq, pizza deliveries to the Pentagon increased one hundredfold - even if you did not know what the generals and admirals were talking about, it had to be something important from which there would be some serious time spent on decision making.
" A firewall is not enough. Proper network security requires at least one (if not several) firewalls, anti-virus software and intrusion detection. That's just the technology, which is not even the most important part. Security also depends on policies and procedures, and without those, all the gadgets in the world will not be enough... external threats are just a small part of the security picture.... threats from outside have increased in the last couple of years, but insiders still pose a more serious risk than outsiders"
Threats come from
Handling Internal Threats by initiating policies and procedures to cut down on risk situations developing.
Consulting LLC prohibits employees from storing documents from work
on their home computers, says Karim Zerhouni, head of the consulting firm's
Canadian internetworking practice. That policy makes it less likely confidential
information will fall into the wrong hands. Yet policies and
procedures are not the complete answer either. Hardware and software can
help enforce the rules and make it easier for employees to comply with
them. Access controls and passwords can be used to limit employees'
access to the applications and data they need to do their jobs and
keep them away from privileged material. Authentication technology
can ensure that e-mails come from whom they appear to come from and
that documents have not been tampered with."
Threats, Logic Bombs
|The disgruntled
employee poses but one of many insider threats to information systems
and the valuable data stored therein. Unauthorised access from insiders,
rather than outside hackers, accounted for 44% of network security breaches
last year, according to the March 2000 survey by Computer Security Institute
(CSI) and the FBI.
"The greatest exposure to any organisation is what I call the knowledgeable insider - anybody from a janitor to a vendor or an active or ex-employee," says Steve Dougherty, director of information security at the Fulsom, California-based California Independent System Operator, which is taking over management of power grid transmissions for 27m Californians with the states recent industry deregulation.
American Society for Industrial Securitys (ASIS). 89% of respondents to the ASIS 1997/1998 Intellectual Property Loss Special Report indicated that their biggest concern regarding system security is retaliation from disgruntled employees..
- a weak link
Microsoft - which one would presume is very very careful about who they partner with, is often vulnerable when the partner makes a bad mistake.
Some of these mistakes happen when the intermediary is responsible for dispensing some service, such as making downloads available. In the screen capture below, you can see Prof. Richardson has received an email from SANS. This email details how Microsoft Hotfixes downloaded from the Premier Support and Gold Certified Partner web sites were infected with the Fun Love virus.
The original email has been
uploaded to the ECP site and you can read the full text, including other
warnings and info at
|screen capture leading to a section on witiger.com about Viruses
|Printers vulnerable? - sure.
(United States)
- noted page 214 in Greenstein Text - 2nd Ed.
"Intrusion Techniques: Networked printers are prime targets for denial of service attacks and root access intrusion attempts
|Networks are only as strong
as their weakest link, and printers are often overlooked when assessing
and implementing network security measures.
Vulnerabilities associated
with widely used name-brand networked printers (NPs) may allow intruders
to perform denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and possibly gain root access
to network administrative services if left undetected."
|We have our own example of hacked, and original pages which you can view by clicking on the screen capture to the left.
|In the on-line version of
Chpt 6 of his book, The
Business of the Internet Neil Hannon, notes a link to an article
about Netscape Communications Corp. white paper that deals with the issue
of intranet security and some of its many challenges.
"Cryptography Is The Key To Intranet Security Needs"
Copyright (c) 1997 CMP Media Inc.
You can read the original
article on CRN's site at
"There are many challenges in building a full-service intranet that provides safe communications and collaboration. As the exponential growth of the publicInternet demonstrates, TCP/IP solves many problems in a remarkably scalable way. However, TCP/IP was not designed to offer secure communication services. Because TCP/IP was not designed with security in mind, we must bring additional technology and policies to bear to solve typical security problems..."
If you go to the web site you can read further about the problems and the cryptographic solutions
|This quiz was
created for another course - students of FCA 240 could try it too since
much of the material os covered herein.
1. Could you explain to someone what the Trojan Horse virus is (as explained in Greenstein text, Chpt 5, page 162)
2. Why do most companies not report IT security situations to authorities?
3. Why are macro viruses so troubling, and how can they be prevented? (as explained in Greenstein text, Chpt 5)


text:
Mazzei Electric Ltd. is hiring a Jobsite Electrical Superintendent for Projects in Victoria and surrounding areas. We are looking for a candidate that is self-motivated, hard working, and professional in both appearance and attitude. Duties will include providing direction and supervision for electrical construction in commercial and multi-residential properties. We offer a competitive salary and full benefits after a probationary period. Resumes are accepted by email ONLY – include your original personal resume with the application. Sorry, no phone calls or drop-ins.
– Victoria and surrounding areas;
– Full-time;
Anticipated Start Date:
– Hourly – extended benefits are available after 6 months;
– 10 years electrical experience required in the residential/commercial sectors,
– Strong supervisory skills,
– Experience in all other electrical fields are an asset;
Type of Work Setting:
– Mixed use, Commercial/Multi-residential Construction;
– Red-Seal Journeyman,
– Valid Class B FSR or higher,
– Extensive knowledge of CEC;
– Basic hand tools, multi-meter, and cordless power tools,
– valid class 5 driver's license;
Specific Skills:
– Plan, organize, direct, and control daily operations including completion of work scope, ensuring the use of company OHS policies and procedures, and on-site inventory management,
– Plan and prepare construction schedules and monitor progress,
– Reading and interpreting drawings and schematics,
– Coordinate with the site coordinators or general superintendents,
– Professionalism in client/contractor relations,
– Instruction of foremen,
– Understanding of Arc Flash and Lock-out/Tag-out procedures;
Additional Skills:
– Basic computer skills;
Transportation/Travel Information:
– Willingness to work out of town, on call, longer shifts, and/or evening/night shifts.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hide Forgot
From Bugzilla Helper:
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.77 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.4.3-11.3 i586)
Description of problem:
After May 21st I no longer getting any announcements from bugzilla itself
concerning security patches / updates and the cc: to redhat-announce
and linux-security seems to be broken as well. Bugtraq is still getting
announcements however.
How reproducible:
Steps to Reproduce:
1. This is self-evident send a test message and be subscribed on the
above mentioned lists.
Additional info:


text:
Dahlia Lounge 2001 4th Ave. Seattle, WA 98121 • 206-682-4142
Payment Methods
Private Rooms
Friday - Saturday
Dahlia Dinner Menu
Please note that our menus change daily. This menu is from a recent evening at Dahlia Lounge.
Little Tastes from the Sea Bar
Pacific bacalao, romesco and allioli 4.5 ea/24. half dozen
Pickled manila clams, green sauce 3.75 ea/18.5 half dozen
Dahlia smoked salmon and hot mustard 3.75 ea/18.5 half dozen
Lomi and cured salmon, tomato ~ scallion relish 4.5 ea/24. half dozen
Sea scallop sashimi, salmon caviar, chili paste 4.5. ea/24. half dozen
Sea Bar Sampler—a selection of all of the above 21.
Curried vegetable samosas, avocado with jicama, honey mango,
Shrimp~scallion potstickers, black vinegar~soy dipping sauce 9.5/13.5
Crispy veal sweetbreads, wild snails, country ham vinaigrette, creamy grits 14.
Katsu pork tenderloin, bath cooked egg, togarashi ketchup, green beans 13.
Ginger~scallion meatballs, hoisin glaze, sesame, yam 9.
Coconut milk crab cakes with lime peel, curry and thai basil 14.
Greens, Savory Soup and Cheese
Dahlia green salad, herbed goat cheese crostini, lemon, sea salt 8.
Tuscan grilled bread salad, pesto, olives, mozzarella, spicy coppacola 10.
Duck shao mai soup, five spice broth, roasted shiitake mushrooms,
Burrata ~ fresh Buffalo's milk cheese, slow roasted tomatoes, black olive paste,
Redwood Hill Farm's Bucheret, soft ripened goat's milk cheese, roasted chiogga beets, parsley 10.
Fallen sweet corn soufflé, chanterelles, corn relish with mascarpone vinaigrette, roasted cauliflower, Parmesan 22.
Zucchini and sheep's milk ricotta dumplings, wood grilled zucchini, fried blossoms with picholine olives, tomato~garlic paste 22.
Sautéed Alaska halibut, fresh corn porridge, long cooked Romano beans, house smoked pork hock, curry vinaigrette 26.
Lemon~scallion Dungeness crab cakes, sweet chili avocado, caramelized romaine,
Wood grilled Alaska troll caught king salmon, tarragon broth, young carrots,
Meats from the Grill & Rotisserie
Naturally raised NY strip steak, nuoc cham, roasted peanuts, basil, green papaya fried rice 36.
Anderson Valley lamb top round, anchovy~pepper relish, split peas with pearl onions, Thumbelina carrots 28.
Rotisserie roasted five spice Peking duck, scallion pancake, cashews, Kung Pao bok choy 28.
Wood roasted Berkshire Farms pork loin, pozole, cracked hominy hash, huitlacoche, crispy pig's ear, radish cole slaw 25.
On The Side
Fries with aioli and curry ketchup
5. each


text:
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text:
Quizzes tonight:
7pm – The Joker & The Thief. – JOKER WEDNESDAY QUIZ RETURNS… NEXT WEEK
9pm – Brass Monkey, Drummond Street. Jackpot £30 Cheat: Man Ray
(picture round)
Man Ray? He was a cool photographer
It's the first Wednesday quiz of the year. We have no idea if the pub will still have a few festive bellends hanging about or whether that's all cleansed now. Come and find out.
Either way it's quiz time twenty eighteen style. NOW IS YOUR TIME.
Be a lion, not an elf.
For cheats and hints to win Dr Paul quizzes in Edinburgh, get the weekly email.


text:
Article code : CL-GW-EG-0100S
This jewel is handmade by our goldsmiths in our Antwerp workshop. As we work with natural materials and artisanal production processes we cannot give an exact delivery time. Contact our support team for an estimate on delivery date.
BAUNAT offers free delivery worldwide. When your jewel is ready, we will contact you to arrange the delivery with you personally. We only work with reliable courier services that have extended experience in the shipment of valuable goods. All our shipments are 100% insured.
Every BAUNAT jewel comes with exquisite jewellery gift packaging, including a BAUNAT jewellery box, shopping bag, guarantee card and cleaning cloth. The packaging is perfectly suited for a present.
You will receive a diamond certificate for every stone larger than or equal to 0.3 carat. At BAUNAT we only work with the most renowned certificates of the diamond industry worldwide: GIA, HRD & IGI.
More information here on the Kimberley Process and conflict free diamonds.
No matter how beautiful the diamond engagement ring may be, there might be certain types of rings that look less pretty around your ring finger. Trying as many different styles,...
Want to give a personal (and romantic) touch to your diamond ring, you can engrave it. It is special to engrave both names in her engagement ring, or your wedding date in both...


text:
Pride of Pakistan – Maheen Khan
Maheen Khan is one of the pioneers of fashion industry in Pakistan. Her career spans over thirty five years and in her long career she has done countless shows both locally and internationally. She has designed clothes for celebrities and socialites. In her own words, her clothes are for the complete woman. Her clothes exude confidence, style and elegance.
Maheen gets inspired by anything that catches her fancy. The prêt collection she showcased in the Milan Fashion Week was inspired by Khyber and the arts and crafts of the region were beautifully used in her clothes. Her collection was simply amazing and very well liked by the Italians. The Italian press called her "the Coco Chanel of the East". The collection displayed in the Pakistan Fashion Week was based on the old Alfred Hitchcock movie "Murder on the Orient Express". Maheen also designed costumes for Hollywood movies such as Sweeney Todd and Elizabeth: The Golden Age.
She also dressed Benazir Bhutto in the green kameez and white scarf.
Creative and talented, Maheen revolutionized fashion. She is a trend setter, respected and admired by her co workers. Maheen has won many awards in the best designer category such as the Style Icon Award, Lux Style Award and the Benazir Women Excellence Award.
Pride of Pakistan – Tariq Amin
Tariq Amin the stylist is the man behind many successful models. He is a leading make up artist and hair stylist and one of the pillars of Pakistan Fashion Industry. Tariq Amin has been associated with the fashion industry for the past 25 years. Admired by many for his work and hated by many for his candid remarks this man has transformed many faces. He has given a new image to celebrities and to those who visit his saloons.
Amin's name was popular in the fashion world but he came into limelight when he did Benazir Bhutto's makeup on her wedding. Amin an expert in his field has trained at many leading institutes of the world. Amin won the first "Sunsilk Hairdressing Award" in 1990. Tariq Amin has been associated with Sunsilk Hair Care products for a long time.
Amin has also acted in some music videos. Tariq Amin is rated as the top stylist of Pakistan. Indeed he is the man who introduced the concept of "style" in Pakistan.
Amin has saloons in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad and some of his students are now leading stylists themselves. Although there are many other hair stylists in Pakistan, Tariq Amin is still considered as the trend setter.
Pride of Pakistan – Bunto Kazmi
When choosing an exclusive, one of its kind wedding dress, the first name that comes to mind is Bunto Kazmi. Ms. Kazmi belongs to the Kazmi Family; a family which has been associated with the fashion industry for the past 5 decades. Her mother in law and maternal Aunt Sughra Kazmi was a talented designer herself and groomed her creative daughter in law to take over the family business.
Although Ms. Kazmi designs formal and semi formal clothes too, she excels in bridal wear. Her designs transform a girl to a princess. Her work is heavily inspired by Moghul designs. Ms. Kazmi's dresses are mostly heavily done and pearls, tassels and other embellishments are very artistically used. The color combination is beautiful too. Her clothes do not look too gaudy nor to flashy. There is a certain grace and regality in the outfits designed by her
Ms. Kazmi showcases most of her designs on ramp rather than in print. When beautiful models elegantly dressed in Bunto Kazmi's creation walk gracefully down the ramp, people watch with hushed reverence marveling at the creativity and artistry of the designer. Ms. Kazmi's work has been showcased in all the big venues of the world. Bunto Kazmi's designs have put Pakistan on the fashion map.
Pride of Pakistan – Hassan Sheharyar Yaseen
Hassan Sheharyar Yaseen (HSY) is a leading dress designer of Pakistan who has heavily influenced the fashion scene in the last decade.
Yaseen started off as a fashion choreographer in 1994. He organized many shows both locally and internationally. He later got himself enrolled in the Pakistan School of Fashion Design (PSFD) in 1996 and graduated in 2000.
In 2000, Yaseen launched his label HSY which initially produced bridal and formal wear. Gradually Yaseen expanded his horizon and started designing semi formal and casual wear too. Yaseen's designs are unique, he too like other designers finds inspiration in the rich heritage of Pakistan but his presentation of the conventional is more contemporary yet within the cultural norms. In the world where designs are here today gone tomorrow, he believes in designing timeless dresses.
Yaseen has now started men's line of clothes as well as the exclusive HSY jewelry. In 10 years, HSY has become a well known fashion house both in Pakistan and abroad especially in Dubai. HSY has two outlets each in Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad. Outside Pakistan HSY can be found in Dubai, Manchester and Houston while outlets in New York and Toronto are being planned.
Yaseen has won the Lux Style Award for the Best Designer in 2005. His clients are the members of the Royal Families as well as elites from South Asia, US and Europe. But Yaseen does not cater to rich people only his line PERT is designed for the middle class as well.
Pride of Pakistan – Ather Shehzad: Fashion Photographers
The Ather Shehzad duo is a wizard behind the lens. They transform an ordinary face into an unforgettable one and then with one click of their camera, they capture that image. Both Ather and Shehzad hail from Sheikhupura; a small town near Lahore. They are childhood friends and attended the same school and later college. After graduation, armed with camera and full of ambition, the duo started working for local newspapers. Their photo shoot of the beautiful Zeba Bakhtiar in 1993 made the fashion designers notice them.
Magicians behind the camera, both Ather and Shehzad started doing photo shoots. The amazing results they produced made them more popular and now models and celebrities preferred doing shoots with them. Some models like Iman Ali and Mehreen Syed mostly work with them as they feel more comfortable. Ather and Shehzad are very much in demand by the public as well and mostly girls get their bridal make up and photo session by them. Ather Shehzad's glossy dazzling photos grace the cover page and the centre page of fashion magazines.
Ather and Shehzad's hard work was acknowledged by the industry in the form of two consecutive Lux Style Awards. There work is loved by the masses.
Pride of Pakistan – Khawar Riaz
Khawar Riaz is another person who has contributed a lot to the fashion world. He is a stylist and a photographer who has introduced and groomed many models and actors. Khawar Riaz is truly a gifted stylist. If you glance at his work you will notice that he has transformed many duds to Adonis and many plain Jane to Helen of Troy. Khawar has a knack of picking boys and girls from an ordinary background and turning them into celebrities.
Khawar Riaz is a wizard with his camera as well. He tries to capture the image he creates from different angles. Khawar has opened "Ocular" the first ever registered modeling agency of Pakistan. Largely due to his hard work and creativity, models of his agency can be seen everywhere on billboards commercials and in print. Khawar is reputed to be a difficult person to work with but he is a genius nonetheless; a true makeup artist who brings the best out of you. Khawar has received many awards for his efforts but says that the satisfaction he gets from his work is more rewarding than any award. Khawar's work is appreciated for not only his creativity but also for the fact that he is a trend setter in his field.
Pride of Pakistan – Mussarat Misbah
Mussarat Misbah is a famous beautician of Pakistan. She opened her first beauty salon Depilex in Karachi in the early 80s. At that time fashion industry in Pakistan was in its infancy, educated people were now venturing into the field. Mussarat was soon making inroads in the fashion industry as well as gaining popularity among the Karachites for her make up skills.
She had a degree from the UK but still took up different courses from abroad in make up and hair styling to improve herself. It is largely due to her dedication that Depilex soon became a well known beauty salon. Mussarat introduced many new techniques in makeup and hair styling. She was never afraid to do experiments and often her unusual make over were applauded by people. Mussarat and her team have several fashion shows to their credit. Depilex now has branches in major cities of Pakistan and UAE. Mussarat has opened a men's salon as well.
Mussarat is a humble down to earth person. She was moved by the plight of the poor female acid burn victims and in collaboration with a team of French and Italian doctors has launched the "Smile Again Foundation". although there are many other women working in this field, Misbah is loved for her creativity.
Pride of Pakistan – Farieha Altaf
Farieha Altaf entered the world of fashion as a model in the mid 80s. At that time modeling was considered a taboo and girls faced a lot of hostility. Farieha was not bothered with this attitude and continued with her modeling though most of it was in print. She made a name for herself in the fashion world. Farieha later started acting in TV plays as well. She is remembered for her roles in the long play "Rosy" in which she worked opposite Moin Akhtar. She also appeared in a TV serial penned by Haseena Moin. Farieha distanced herself from the fashion world after her marriage but not for long.
She re-entered the glamour world but now as the owner of a production house "Catwalk". Through Catwalk, Farieha has introduced many new faces on the modeling scene. She has not only introduced models like Vaneeza Ahmed, Amir Zeb Khan, Sonia Khan and many others. Designers Nomi Ansari and others were also introduced by her. Freiha's contributions to the fashion world are numerous; as a matter of fact, fashion became an industry in Pakistan because of the efforts of people like Farieha.
Farieha has also given a complete makeover to some leading sports and showbiz personalities like actor Shan. Farieha also directed and produced the Lux Style Awards in 2007.
Pride of Pakistan – Nabila
Nabila is an integral part of the fashion industry of Pakistan. She has been associated with the fashion world for the past 20 years or so. Nabila is a stylist, a beautician, an image consultant and a lot more. She loves experimenting and has won accolades for her innovative and at times bold themes in make overs. While others tread on safer shores, this lady has something new and exciting up her sleeve. She was the driving force behind the Lux Style Awards; the most prestigious awards of Pakistan. She is more powerful and charismatic then her models.
Nabila has salons in Karachi and Lahore and her clientele includes actresses, actors, singers, sports personalities and of course models. Her image consultancy has given a new look to many leading personalities of Pakistan like Barbra Sharif, Ali Zafar, Hadiqa Kiyani and even sportsmen like Wasim Akram and Shoaib Akhtar..
Impressed by her professionalism, the L'Oreal a renowned French Cosmetics Brand has chosen her as their representative in Pakistan.
Creative, imaginative and totally dedicated to her profession; Nabila has achieved the iconic status she rightly deserves. Nabila is a trusted name in fashion industry of Pakistan. Her salons are always crowded with stars from various fields of Pakistan.
Pride of Pakistan – Emmad Irfani
by MairaS on August 2, 2010
in Showbiz and Media
Emmad Irfani is a stylish male model from Pakistan. On a family member's insistence, Emmad submitted his portfolio to the fashion photographer duo Ather and Shehzad. Emmad exceptional looks were noticed by the famous fashion designer Hassan Sheharyar Yaseen (HSY). Emmad modeled for HSY on the ramp and in the print. Looks, talent and a big break opened the doors for Emmad and he was soon seen modeling for leading designers and big labels in Pakistan.
Even lady luck favors a hunk maybe that's why he got a chance to work with International fashion houses like Dior, Versace, DKNY, Levis and Prada when he was modeling for Nilofar Shahid in the Paris Couture Week. Emmad has also done shows for Armani in London, Milan and Pakistan. Emmad has also done TV commercials.
Emmad bagged the Best Male Model Award at the Lux Style Awards in 2005 and the MTV Most Stylish Personality Award. Emmad has been an icon for the new models who have joined the industry in recent years. Emmad's success in the field of modeling has proved that hard work can bear fruit for the ones who have keen interest in modeling. Pakistan's fashion world has expanded hugely in last couple of decades. People like Emmad Irfani have some credit to take for that.


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A condensing boiler captures much more usable heat from its fuel than a non-condensing boiler. Its high operating efficiency is made possible by the design of the condensing boiler's larger - or sometimes dual - heat exchanger. The heat exchanger makes sure that as much heat as possible is transferred from the boiler's burner - and as little as possible lost in gases through the flue. There are two types of condensing boiler: regular and combination. Regular condensing boilers heat your hot water through a hot water cylinder. Combination condensing boilers give you instant hot water without the need for a cylinder. Condensing boilers Please bear in mind that not all home heating systems will be compatible with a combination boiler. We can advise you which type of condensing boiler, regular or combination, is most suitable for your home.
As any reputable installer will confirm, condensing boilers can be easily fitted to most new and old heating systems.
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Sapele, Delta-born beauty queen and screen siren, Gwen Ello Okutele is passionate about youth literacy, the welfare of widows, orphans and the less privileged. The pretty role interpreter achieved a life-long dream last year when she was crowned the winner of the maiden Miss Nollywood Nigeria; and that's in addition to her being the Face of Niger Delta – a beauty queen indeed.
In this chat with ENCOMIUM Weekly, the recently-engaged student of Ekiti State University (where she is studying Business administration) spoke about how she combines schooling and her career, her crowns, engagement, her passions and more
What do you have in your hands right now career wise?
I am presently on a movie set that will be out in a couple of weeks.
What are some of the movies you've featured in, and which is the biggest for you?
I have featured in several movies, including Jack n Jill, featuring Aki and Pawpaw; Men in love featuring Tonto Dike, John Dumelo and Muna Obiekwe; My Fantasy featuring Tonto Dike, Ajibola Dabo, Unthinkable featuring Jim Lawson. I will say all of them have their own uniqueness and come across as big to me.
Which Nollywood stars have you worked with that have left an impression on you?
I am a very careful person and consequently take my time to observe people a lot. This has made me to see the beautiful and interesting qualities of anyone that I work with. I will say majority of the people I have worked with have impacted positively on me in one way or the other and this comes across as memorable to me.
What's your unique selling point as an actress?
My quick wit and ability to interpret roles spontaneously.
What is life as an upcoming actress like; do producers, directors sometimes look down on you?
Though it is always the same for all upcoming actors and actresses, however, my case has always been a little different in the sense that meeting me for the first time easily makes directors and producers see the uniqueness of my personality. And this has really helped me alot.
Who are those you look up to in the industry?
Regina Askia, Agbani Darego and Genevieve Nnaji
Let's talk about your crown. What was the first thing that flew through your mind when you were announced winner?
I felt on top of the world and had a sense of accomplishment because I had fulfilled my childhood dreams of becoming a beauty queen. I have always desired to be a beauty queen right from my childhood.
What has life been like as the maiden winner of Miss Nollywood Nigeria?
Though this was my second crown, the first being the maiden edition of Face of Niger Delta where I won the coveted crown, however being Miss Nollywood Nigeria has opened alot of doors for me and has consequently enabled me to be strategically positioned in the middle of God's plan and purpose for me, which is to make light the burden of widows, orphans and less privileged.
Tell us more about your campaign to promote literacy among youths?
I strongly believe in the power of education. Education is what brought me this far and I believe it is the natural equaliser between the rich and poor. So, when the youths become literate by being adequately empowered with education, a lot of vices and challenges will be eradicated or brought to its minimal state for our common good.
Congratulations on your recent engagement. How does it feel?
Thank you very much. It honestly feels good, the way and manner he proposed was really shocking. Before I knew it, we became trending on the social media for weeks. I even got calls from my friends in the UK and US as a result of this.
How did you meet?
We are from the same town. And we met by divine arrangement when I was contesting for the Face of Niger Delta in 2013. We lost contact until we met again and struck off immediately and like they say, the rest is history. He is the best thing that has ever happened to me. He supports and encourages me. And we complement each other. I give God the glory for giving me my own.
What was that thing that attracted you to him?
His genuineness and simplicity got me attracted to him.
When should we expect wedding bells?
Very soon, by the grace of God.
How are you preparing for life as a married woman?
I grew up with my mom and grand mom, this has naturally prepared me for womanhood.
How do you combine school and your career, must be tough?
Yeah, though combining school and my career has been very tough, however, I always find my way around somehow because of my love and passion for both school and my career.
Are you treated any differently in school being an actress and beauty queen?
Though I experience it sometimes, however, since I am a very easy-going and down-to-earth person, I blend easily with my course mates and school mates as well.
Finally, tell us about yourself, your family, background?
Like you already know, I am Her Eminence, Queen Gwendolyn Eloho Okutele and my friends call me Queen Gwen Ello, I and my family are from the Adagbrasa clan of Amukpe village in Sapele Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria.
I am 5.5feet tall. My parents are business oriented and I am their first child. I grew up in Sapele just like any other child from relative obscurity. My parents love me so much and they never hid it from me, they stood by me and are still standing by me all along, right from my primary school, to my college days at Davogha Model College Secondary School.
I read Mass Communications at the OND Level at the Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State and presently, I am a final year student of the Department of Business Administration, at the Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti in Ekiti State. All this while, I still maintained a great relationship with my closely knit family. My family has been my pillar all along.


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- Minister of State meets business owners in Larvotto
Minister of State meets business owners in Larvotto
The Minister of State paid a visit to Larvotto this morning to meet business owners with whom he discussed a variety of issues, including the offshore extension project, monitoring of bathing waters and future renovation work in the area. The Minister was accompanied by Jean Castellini, Minister of Finance and Economy, and Rémy Rolland, Director of the State Property Authority.
The Minister of State was able to listen to and engage with each of the owners. He explained that the vessel responsible for filling the foundations on which the caissons for the offshore urban extension will sit, the Simon Stevin, had just one more pass to complete between 16 and 17 June, and that the bathing waters had remained compliant throughout phase 1. The Department of the Environment had conducted additional sampling in the bathing area during the winter season, carrying out one test every fortnight. It was found that the work had not had any impact on water quality. All results had been published and displayed in the bathing areas for public consultation on a regular basis.
Finally, the Minister of State confirmed that owners would continue to operate their businesses during the 2019 season, following which renovation work at the site could begin. He added that the finalised renovation plan would be presented in the autumn.


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TRIATHLON: Belvoir Tri Club impress at Spa Sprint
Eighteen Belvoir Tri Club members competed in the 10th Woodhall Spa Triathlon on Sunday, the final event in the Midlands Sprint Triathlon Series hosted by OSB.
The event has grown from less than 200 competitors to more than 700, and with the demand for novice friendly sprint events massively on the rise, 2016 was their busiest.
The venue – Jubilee Park – offered the 400m swim in a 33m heated outdoor pool, before progressing to the bike section. The 25km bike course was along virtually traffic-free flat country lanes. The 5km run course was straightforward and flat.
In her first triathlon, Andrea Burnham's sterling effort placed her fourth in the F40-44 age category with a time of 1hr 22min 19sec, pipping husband Neal to the finish line to gain the bragging rights in the family.
Sophie Stanley, competing in her second sprint triathlon, finished third in the F30-34 age category in 1:24:33.
Natalie Eastaugh won the F45-49 age category in 1:22:17 and Catherine Davies crossed the line in 1:22:52, guaranteeing her third place in the overall series in the F35-39s. David Kay clinched third in M34-39 in 1:10:26.
Other results: Chris Pugh 1:11:42, Chris Masters 1:13:45, Wayne France 1:15:30, Andrew Spencer 1:16:06, Rob Spashett 1:18:29, Neal Burnham 1:24:09, Ian Hancocks 1:24:37, Alistair Knott 1:30:03, Suzanne Britz 1:31:20, Ruth Dunstan 1:35:04, Tracey Poole 1:39:22 (relay team), Louise Perry 1:46:21.
Ove Andresen and Martin Jolly competed in the Boskman Middle Distance Triathlon in the New Forest, Hampshire, on Sunday.
The race featured a 2.7km swim, 125km cycle and a tough 21.1km run.
Ove finished in 7:08:35, 26th overall and first in AG, whilst Martin recorded 7:26:11 for 34th overall and first in AG.
Ove Andresen commented: "The bike leg was just amazing in the beautiful New Forest, although it was interesting avoiding wild horses, donkeys and cows, with lots of cattle grids thrown in the mix to shake the internal organs up a bit."
Newcomer to Belvoir Tri Club, Stephen Hobday competed in the Steelman standard distance triathlon at Eton Dorney over the weekend.
The standard triathlon consists of a 1500m open water swim in the clear, clean waters of the rowing lake before taking to the closed, flat road circuit for an eight-lap bike course, covering 42.4km. The final 10km run followed a four-lap loop along the side of the rowing tank on tarmac paths.
Stephen placed fourth in his age category and 11th overall with a finishing time of 2:25:50.
Tallington Lakes Leisure Park hosted their second triathlon on Sunday, organised by SBR Events. A total of 119 athletes competed in the various multi-distance races on offer.
Participants completed a swim, bike and run over distances: super sprint (400m/9km/2.5km), sprint (750m/24km/5km) or standard (1500m/44km/10km). Athletes swam the warm open water lakes before cycling around the beautiful Lincolnshire villages and running around the park to earn their medals.
Sophie Hunt and Gwenda Williams from Belvoir Tri Club made their debut into open water racing, with Sophie winning first female and third overall in the super sprint distance.
Amanda Bishop, fellow Belvoir member and SBR event organiser said: "We are so pleased that everyone enjoyed this event. We made some positive changes to the course this year and the event ran very smoothly."
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After conducting significant market research into the general consensus of the Recruitment Industry we have implemented the following to ensure that you only recieve the highest levels of service from our Consultant's.
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* All roles will be discussed in detail prior to submission of your details and only after you have confirmed your wish to be considered.
We cannot promise that everyone who registers will find their ideal job through us, however we can promise complete honesty throughout the process.
We are always delighted to hear from potential candidates and a selection of the roles we are currently working on can be found in our vacancies section. If you do not see your ideal role our Consultants would like to hear from you as it is not possible to list all our roles here.
Please contact one of our team.


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The 60 families living along Chrysanthemum Street in Bgy. 174 in Caloocan City were treated to a one of a kind parish fiesta celebration as they received the gift of light from One Meralco Foundation's Community Electrification Program last February 9.
Contributing to the corporate mission of 100% electrification in its franchise area, the program is Meralco's corporate social responsibility (CSR) approach in lighting up depressed communities by extending assistance to underprivileged communities which are not able to avail the benefits and convenience of legal electricity service. The program is also Meralco's concrete expression of nation-building, giving equal opportunities for development and a better quality of life for marginalized communities.
Present during the community electrification launch in Caloocan are Meralco Chief CSR Officer and One Meralco Foundation President Jeffrey Tarayao, Barangay 174 Chairman Gilbert Rivera and City Electrical Engineering Office's Engr. Rubel Tabuan representing Liga ng Barangay ng Pilipinas President Ricojudge "RJ" Echiverri.
"Guminhawa ang buhay namin noong nabigyan kami ng sariling kuryente (Our lives were made a lot easier when we were given our own service connections)," says Nida Agustin, one of the beneficiaries of the program. "Nakakapag-aral na sa gabi ang mga apo ko at nakakanood na kami ng pamilya ko ng paborito naming palabas sa telebisyon. Maraming salamat sa One Meralco Foundation dahil napili kami sa programang ito. (My grandchildren are able to study even at night now that we have light. And most especially, my family bond together while we watch our favorite show on television. Thank you very much to One Meralco Foundation for choosing us as one of the recipients of this program)," continues Agustin.
At present, the Community Electrification Program has energized over 6,000 households located in Metro Manila, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Quezon, Rizal and Bulacan, giving these families access to little comforts in their homes such as lights at night, electric fans, and computer units. Aside from powering homes, One Meralco Foundation has also initiated lighting up streets in the cities of San Juan and Mandaluyong benefiting 895 families. For the rest of 2012, One Meralco Foundation, commits itself to provide electricity to more homes, schools, streets and other establishments, one of which is the energization of public schools in Verde Island in Batangas City.
"We in One Meralco Foundation would like to see more families enjoying the benefits of safe and reliable electricity. This year, we are aiming to reach more communities in far-flung areas, giving light to those who literally have lived in the dark," Tarayao says.
(article by One Meralco Foundation)


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Today is one year anniversary of my blog. Happy Birthday baby 🙂
I've been blogging on and off for 10 year on couple of platform (on WordPress almost five years). But WordPress is my home and this blog is my permanent address. I've been meaning to blog lot more than I had blogged but some what came short of that goal.
Here's to many more blog posts.


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Brain fog. Depression. Tiredness.
All part of my world for the last 48 hours.
I take the same pills every day. I go through the same routines every day.
I have been working out and for a while, the endorphins have been amazing.
There was a crushing blow to my sense of competence Wednesday evening that may be responsible for some of this, but not all.
I can get out of bed. I don't want to.
I can go to work. I don't want to.
Ever since I started working here, I have literally fought through one obstacle after another to keep and work this job as well as I could. It may not seem apparent, but the way I was put together, I have a hard time sitting at home and cashing a disability check.
I am avoiding my co-workers and people in general as much as I can the last few days. Explanations only go so far when I have trouble putting how this feels into words. Explanations also fall on bewildered ears. I can't expect others to understand the landscape my mind inhabits – it is as foreign to them as the dark side of the Moon.
So I've been working out with weights both at home at work. I have been attempting my best self-care. But when you have this condition, sometimes all the king's horses and king's men can't stop you from being smacked in the head with the bipolar bat.
I isolate myself in my office. It is a blessing management has been gone on a government paid junket to Nashville all week. I can have my door closed and suffer in silence. I grind my way slowly through my work, trying to pace myself while fighting to stay away and stay focused. Sometimes I lose the battle and put my head down just like we used to do in elementary school; a five minutes heads-on-desk rest before we get back to phonics.
I am not looking forward to this weekend in this respect – I will spend it crawling around the house in a daze trying to get my mojo back before having to come back here on Monday and knowing the shit storm I will be greeted with when all the projects that have lingered without management approval suddenly become priority one missions.
Yesterday I messaged my wife that if someone had come up and put I gun to my head, I would have begged them to pull the trigger. I just didn't give a damn – about anything.
Can anyone understand this? Or, can anyone who is not affected by this damn disorder understand how much we hate living like this? Yes, there are good times. But when the bad times return, and they always do, we're reminded they always will return and any plans must take into account the grenade in our brains may go off at any time.
The day the SWAT team came to my house, the phrase that led to the event, the words that set the whole chain of events into motion were in the form of a very simple question I asked my co-worker: "did you ever have one of the mornings when you wished you hadn't woke up?"
It's still a legitimate question. And one I almost died for asking.
If it happens again, they can take their best shot.
And, no, I know you don't understand that at all.


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The DogPeople Blog
Dog friendly articles and ideas
Search our dog friendly pubs, restaurants and cafes in Pembrokeshire, for eating places happy to accommodate your dog while you enjoy a meal and a drink.
We are close to the coast with lots of areas for walks including Bosherston Lily Ponds and beaches like Broad Haven, Barafundle and Freshwater East/West. Dog water bowls are available on request and normally placed outside in hot weather.


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Jaguar automobiles always make a great first impression. Their body styles are works of art; their handling and performance nearly peerless. Moreover, they're niche cars in the U.S. market, so those who do buy one enjoy the sensation of having a car different, and somehow better, than the cars their friends drive.
What makes Jaguars special? Year after year, their lines are magical. Anything that beautiful must have some good in it, no matter what the critics might say about what lies beneath the graceful curves of the hood, roof and fenders.
The Jaguar XJ, the flagship sedan with an entry-level price of $74,200, competes mainly with Lexus from Japan; Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Audi from Germany; and all-electric, U.S.-built Tesla. Built in Great Britain by Tata Motors of India, the Jaguar retains the British personality that made the brand iconic.
Our Lunar Grey test car, a 2015 XJL, was priced at $84,700, with expensive options bringing the sticker price to $91,495. It was equipped with a 3-liter, supercharged V6 generating 340 horsepower; an 8-speed automatic transmission; and all-wheel drive. Drivers who want a little more punch – or a lot more – can opt for the $93,600 XJL Supercharged, with a 470-horsepower V8; or the 550-horsepower XJR, base-priced at $119,000.
At a little more than two tons despite extensive use of aluminum in the body, the XJL is a hefty car, but it doesn't drive big. In fact, it feels lithe and quick, like the big cat emblazoned in chrome on the trunk lid. Although we had the car for a week, we never tired of whipping the Jaguar around tight corners and accelerating sharply as the car settled smartly into the turn. You wouldn't expect making the right turn from Route 6 into the Target store in Bethel, to be exciting, but when you're at the wheel of a Jaguar XJL, the maneuver truly speeds up the heartbeat.
The back seat is less roomy in the base XJ than in its competitors, but that certainly was not the case with our test car. The extended-body XJL attracts double-takes by people drawn by its considerable length – 17.3 feet – as well as its gorgeous lines. The back seat is all about stretching out and relaxing, and despite the car's sloping roofline, 6-footers can sit comfortably in back. It goes without saying that there's plenty of room in front, too.
The XJL is rated at 16 mpg city, 24 highway, using premium unleaded gasoline. We got as much as 27 on the highway and never saw the gauge drop below 19 – quite good for so large and luxurious a vehicle.
Jaguars have a reputation for mechanical and electronic problems, but U.S. News & World Report ratings place the XJ's reliability in the "about average" category. Consumer Reports magazine has noted owner satisfaction with the XJ is above average.
Steven Macoy (firstname.lastname@example.com) is a longtime car enthusiast and full-time editor who lives in Bethel, Conn.
Price: $91,495
Engine: 3.0-liter supercharged V-6, 340 horsepower, 332 lb.-ft. torque
Transmission: 8-speed shiftable automatic
Drive: all-wheel
Weight: 4,151 lb.
Suspension: air suspension, double-wishbone front and rear
Wheels: 20-in. Orona alloy
Tires: front, 245/40ZR20; rear, 275/35ZR20, summer
Seating capacity: 5
Luggage capacity: 15.2 cu. ft.
Fuel capacity: 21.7 gallons
Fuel economy: 16 mpg city, 24 mpg highway
Fuel type: premium unleaded gasoline


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"We needed to make sure that even though we were reaching out to folks, we needed to make this movie differently than any other movie we'd made…" So people smarter than me have already pointed out the problems with RSR.
But it's gotten me thinking about what a general-purpose short story review/recommendation blog would look like if it was good.
It appears Colella, 60, had slipped his company-mandated, GPS-enabled personal digital assistant into the bag to block the signals that enabled the device to track his movements.
Police raiding a Berlin restaurant have discovered playing cards which had been laced with a radioactive substance.
The Sam Flynn minifigure comes in a tron suit with helmet and disc connected on the back of the minifigure for added detail.
"Working at Pixar, you're in a little bit of a bubble.…Despite the good moments, I did have a very strong flash of "What am I doing here? The panelist sitting next to me wouldn't shut up about some dipshit fantasy books, lavishing cliché praises upon them, trading heartfelt hosannahs with a another motor-mouthed fellow panelist, who claimed to be the "moderator." And they get onto William Goldman's The company was about two years into the making of "Coco" when it committed a significant PR blunder." when I awoke on each of my three mornings at the con. And then I feel guilty and ungrateful for tiring of these dear and all-too-human souls. For its marketing, Disney in 2013 applied to trademark "Día de los Muertos" — the Mexican holiday the movie centers on — sparking a backlash from prominent Latino voices.Detectives believe players could wear a hidden detector on their bodies allowing them to recognise certain cards, giving them an advantage.The scheme was discovered when a routine check at a waste treatment facility uncovered an increased level of radioactivity in a rubbish truck.
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Schon bei demm Anblick bekommt man doch schon einen Steifen in der Hose.
Sie wird gesetzlich vertreten durch den Präsidenten Prof. Aus diesem Grund dürfen diese Elemente weder kopiert, noch verändert, noch auf anderen Web-Seiten weiterverwendet werden.
Rose Mc Gowan is best known for playing Paige Matthews in The WB supernatural drama series "Charmed" from 2001 to 2006.
I learned more from her web-site in 1 hour than I could in a lifetime.


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Celebrate NZ Bookshop Day at Unity Books Wellington
Here's to you, you good localists! Call in on Saturday 28th October (10am-6pm) and go in the draw to win a local book of your choice.
Visit at 11am to see Tom Scott as well!
Want to be kept up to date with new releases, in-store events and shop happenings?
Subscribe to the Unity Books Wellington newsletter by clicking here & filling in your details.


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Michael Lee Launder, 69, of Findlay, Ohio passed away the morning of March 1, 2018 at Primrose Retirement Community. He was born on April 8, 1948 in Findlay to the late Harold and Verena Launder.
Mike married Diane Adams on October 5, 1968 and she preceded him in death in 2014. He is survived by his 3 daughters, Laura (Keith) Williams, Michelle Ruehle of Findlay and Erin Launder (Michael Torres) of Asheville, NC; 5 grandchildren, Madison and Mason Williams, Logan (Jordan) and Cole Benjamin, and Abigail Ruehle; and 1 great-granddaughter, Addison Walker. His twin sister Marsha (Tom) Cramer also survives in Findlay.
Mike was a 1966 graduate of Findlay High School. After graduation, he enlisted in the Marines and served in Vietnam. After serving his country, he worked at Cooper Tire as a shipping supervisor and retired after 33 years. In his free time, Mike liked to travel, especially to Las Vegas or casinos. He loved to garden his whole life and even had a garden at Primrose where he took pride in sharing his produce with residents and staff.
Mike was also an avid fisherman. He enjoyed taking fishing trips to Canada and Lake Erie with his fishing buddy of over 40 years, Darrol Leeper. He instilled the love of fishing onto his grandsons. You could always find him out at the Cooper Tire Fishing club. Mike was a charter member and board member there.
Per Mike's request, a family celebration will be held at a later date. HUFFORD FAMILY FUNERAL HOME, 1500 Manor Hill Rd, Findlay (419-422-1500) has been entrusted with the arrangements. Memorial contributions in Mike's name may be made to Bridge Home Health and Hospice, 15100 Birchaven Lane, Findlay, Ohio 45840 or The Cooper Fishing Club, 1113 Summit St. Findlay, Ohio 45840.


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David decided to stand still so I could
take his picture. Thanks David!
I often get asked to interpret a genetic report. I am not a clinician of any sort. I never even had a genetics course. But, there are certain skills one must pick up along the way to study which genes are missing in 22q13 deletion syndrome and what they do. So, I have some idea how to read a report, just enough to accomplish my goals.
If you have a genetic report, here are some ways you, too, can figure out which genes are missing. David only had a FISH test 15 years ago, so I don't know how many genes he is missing. You may be in much better shape. If you had an array or sequence done on your child, you should have enough information to find out which genes are missing. Here is how.
Expert mode
The experts use the technical part of a genetic report to see what has been deleted. The technical part will often look something like this:
hg17 arr 22q13.33 (48,230,183-49,523,149) X1
This example is a simple terminal deletion of chromosome 22 (not a real case). It says that part of chromosome 22 only has one copy (X1). The nomenclature can get complicated if there are multiple genetic problems. The nomenclature is outlined here:
Once you know which base-pairs are missing (48,230,183-49,523,149) and which genome assembly was used to make the measurement (hg17), you can go to the UCSC Genome Browser and get gobs of information about the deletion. The Genome Browser is complicated to use, but I use it often.
Sometimes the report provides a complete list of the missing genes. "Complete" is relative to certain things. For instance, most gene array studies cannot detect the presence or loss of the last gene on the chromosome, RABL2B. This gene is too similar to RABL2A and no one thinks RABL2B is important enough to make a special effort to detect it. (I happen to disagree. See my blog Is 22q13 deletion syndrome a ciliopathy.) Otherwise, the gene list is useful. If the only listed genes are SHANK3 and ARSA, the gene list is worthless. It means the geneticist either did not want to look up, or share with you, the other genes that are missing.
End gene or deletion size
If the deletion is a terminal deletion, you can use the deletion size to look up the genes on my list (below). If the report says something like, "from PLXNB2 to ACR" or "distal to" PLXNB2, then you can find PLXNB2 on the list and it becomes the marker for where the deletion starts. Terminal deletions start from the "end" gene and go up the list (down in gene number on my list).
Go to the Foundation's web site?
If you had 18q deletion syndrome, there is a site that was created for parents to look up the genes that are missing and what those genes do. No such site exists for 22q13.
Ask your geneticist
I have seen some very nice genetics reports with a complete list of genes deleted. This is rare, but you might try asking for such a document.
The list
Here is a list of the genes that covers the last 9,300 Kb (9.3 Mb) of 22q13. That is about the size of the largest known terminal deletion. The list comes with a few caveats. First, deletions can be messy. Sometimes lots of genes are gone, then part of the subsequent gene is gone. People don't count half a gene. They usually add the partial gene to the gene count. Micro arrays (gene chips) sample the genes every so many kilobases (Kb). It is not a continuous readout of the DNA. Thus, in most cases, you don't know the exact position of the break. DNA includes many things in addition to genes. It encodes things called microRNAs, and the DNA has essential gene promoter, inhibitor and enhancer regions within genes and between genes. Thus, a gene list tells only part of the story. Finally, I found an error in my list this past week, so let me know, but please don't complain if this has more errors! I will correct this page as I find errors. However, I emphasize that this list comes without any warranty whatsoever. I take no responsibility for its use. It is part of a blog to educate parents. It is not a tool for legal, medical or any other practice. Ok?
[updated/corrected 6 March 2016]
[updated/corrected 12 March 2016]
[updated/corrected 17 June 2016]
[updated/corrected 5 December 2016]
[updated/corrected 7 April 2017]
Table now shows the smallest distance to the gene. For example, a terminal deletion of size 196.0 Kbase will delete all the genes before ARSA and damage part of ARSA. Table is now limited to 9.3 Mbase (9,300,000) which is the largest recorded terminal deletion.
# Gene Deletion size (Kbase) 1 RABL2B 34.81 2 ACR 78.11 3 SHANK3 85.17 4 ARSA 195.14 5 MAPK8IP2 206.92 6 CHKB 235.47 7 CPT1B 240.05 8 SYCE3 255.56 9 KLHDC7B 267.45 10 ODF3B 286.65 11 TYMP 288.47 12 SCO2 292.86 13 NCAPH2 295.00 14 LMF2 310.78 15 MIOX 328.43 16 ADM2 332.03 17 SBF1 343.44 18 PPP6R2 373.38 19 DENND6B 491.41 20 PLXNB2 539.63 21 MAPK11 548.08 22 MAPK12 557.16 23 HDAC10 567.21 24 TUBGCP6 573.90 25 SELO 600.85 26 TRABD 618.90 27 PANX2 638.18 28 MOV10L1 656.85 29 MLC1 733.11 30 TTLL8 763.84 31 IL17REL 809.78 32 PIM3 854.39 33 CRELD2 895.76 34 ALG12 900.01 35 ZBED4 928.39 36 BRD1 995.26 37 C22orf34 1,160.96 38 FAM19A5 2,067.65 39 TBC1D22A 3,642.77 40 CERK 4,080.21 41 GRAMD4 4,180.53 42 CELSR1 4,281.30 43 TRMU 4,484.77 44 GTSE1 4,487.66 45 TTC38 4,543.18 46 PKDREJ 4,555.11 47 CDPF1 4,570.18 48 PPARA 4,620.06 49 PRR34 4,764.32 50 WNT7B 4,841.34 51 ATXN10 4,973.16 52 FBLN1 5,287.14 53 RIBC2 5,385.97 54 SMC1B 5,404.90 55 FAM118A 5,508.30 56 UPK3A 5,522.59 57 KIAA0930 5,577.70 58 NUP50 5,630.45 59 PHF21B 5,809.48 60 ARHGAP8 5,955.68 61 PRR5 6,080.79 62 LDOC1L 6,320.17 63 KIAA1644 6,505.62 64 PARVG 6,610.00 65 PARVB 6,649.55 66 SAMM50 6,821.94 67 PNPLA3 6,870.90 68 PNPLA5 6,926.46 69 SULT4A1 6,955.97 70 EFCAB6 7,248.33 71 MPPED1 7,310.62 72 SCUBE1 7,475.08 73 TTLL12 7,631.34 74 TSPO 7,655.23 75 MCAT 7,675.07 76 BIK 7,688.76 77 TTLL1 7,729.13 78 PACSIN2 7,942.26 79 ARFGAP3 7,961.07 80 A4GALT 8,123.48 81 ATP5L2 8,177.87 82 CYB5R3 8,173.96 83 RNU12 8,203.08 84 POLDIP3 8,203.60 85 SERHL2 8,260.06 86 RRP7A 8,298.67 87 SERHL 8,305.91 88 NFAM1 8,386.07 89 TCF20 8,603.03 90 CYP2D6 8,688.56 91 NDUFA6 8,727.69 92 SMDT1 8,735.12 93 FAM109B 8,739.03 94 NAGA 8,747.64 95 WBP2NL 8,785.70 96 SEPT3 8,828.88 97 CENPM 8,871.30 98 TNFRSF13C 8,891.65 99 SHISA8 8,903.80 100 SREBF2 8,911.16 101 CCDC134 8,992.58 102 MEI1 9,019.01 103 C22orf46 9,124.62 104 NHP2L1(SNU13)9,129.56 105 XRCC6 9,154.43 106 DESI1 9,197.37 107 PMM1 9,228.58 108 CSDC2 9,241.80 109 POLR3H 9,273.98 110 ACO2 9,289.48
Check out my earlier blogs (below) to learn how many of your friends are missing a similar number of genes and which genes might be important. If you find this information valuable, please leave me a positive comment, or repost the blog elsewhere (e.g., Facebook). Many thanks to each parent who has shared his/her child's information and shared their own very personal stories. Your contributions and feedback helps me feel that I am not alone in the quest to make the world a better place for our kids.
Previous blogs
Mouse models
Science Leadership
How can the same deletion have such different consequences?
22q13 and the hope of precision medicine
22q13 Deletion Syndrome: hypotonia
Understanding gene size
Gene deletions versus mutations: sometimes missing a gene is better.
Is 22q13 deletion syndrome a ciliopathy?
Understanding translocations in 22q13 deletion syndrome: genetics and evolution
Understanding deletion size
Can 22q13 deletion syndrome cause ulcerative colitis?
Can 22q13 deletion syndrome cause cancer?
22q13 deletion syndrome – an introduction


text:
If I have learned anything in 2006 it is that goals stress me out. So, no goals for me this year. Instead I want to focus my attention on living life to the fullest and feeling the joy that life can bring.
Yes, some of you might be saying "but how do you accomplish things without a goal in mind" or that what I am talking about are goals. I think there is a difference. To me a goal is a target or accomplishment, some time in the future, which has a measurable outcome, with steps or tasks that will lead you to that target. Paying attention and responding to life situations, on the other hand, allows us to live our lives to the fullest and more honestly without the stress. One is not necessarily better than the other. It is just that for me, I choose the less stressful approach.
Also, I can't help but think how depressing it might be when I am 90 years old, possibly mentally and physically unable to meet goals, unless waking up in the morning in one of them. 🙂 Seems like I would be setting myself up for failure here.
What is the first thing we do when we realize we cannot meet a goal? We change or remove it of course. What is the point of having goals if we are going to change them. That is like playing a game and changing the rules as you go so that you can win. Not really fair to anyone including yourself.
Focusing my attention on living a better life means attempting to live more in the moment, seeing and being grateful for what I have instead of what I don't have or what I want to have (goals). You see, most of us are trying to live the life we want instead of living the life we have. We can miss many opportunities because we are so wrapped up in processes and lists.
I have always been a list and calender person. I have lists for my lists. I have a calender at work, a small Moleskine® calender for personal appointments, one on each of my cell phones, a note/sketchbook. I always thought they worked for me. I thought that I felt good when I checked things off the list. What I have come to realized is that the list never ends. You never really reach the end of you list, you are never done. Knowing that I will never reach the end creates the stress for me.
There is nothing wrong with wanting things. I want things all the time but I don't feel I need to create a bulleted list and check them off as I get them as if it is some kind of contest to see who can have the most things checked off at the end of the year. Knowing that I want them is enough and being conscious enough to recognize opportunities to move towards those things is the key.
Every day we are given opportunities to make choices. We know deep down inside, if we pay attention to how we feel at that moment, what choice is the correct choice, "do I really need to eat that piece of cake?", "do I need to finish that project or can I out it off until tomorrow?". The choice may make us more money (or get us out of debt), allow us to meet a new friend or partner, learn a new skill, and so on.
So this year, I am going to focus on my accomplishment as they happen, and keep my mind open and look for opportunities as they happen. Who knows, maybe next week I'll think this is all crazy talk, and I am sure I will still have some lists, but overall I think this is a good concept for me and I'll just have to give it a go.


text:
Method of making a coil assembly for an electromagnetic high energy impact apparatus
A method of making an EMR coil assembly having a split housing including a coil-retaining body member and ring member attached thereto, the EMR coil assembly including a coil having a plurality of polyimide face sheets disposed between a polyester face sheet forming the outer wear surface of the coil and a major surface of the coil.
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This invention relates to coil assemblies for EMR (electromagnetic riveting) guns and the method of making such coil assemblies, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,737,990 to Schut, also assigned to The Boeing Company.
Prior art EMR guns have included a coil assembly and a method of making thereof, such as shown and described in the aforereferenced U.S. Pat. No. 3,737,990. Such coil assembly, herein incorporated by reference, can be seen to have included a pair of polyimide face sheets placed on both major faces of the coil with outside wrapping build-up disposed therearound, which assembly was clamped and subsequently fused inside the outer coil body in a single operation to provide subsequent to installation in an outer retaining ring the coil assembly for the EMR gun.
It is an object of this invention to provide an EMR coil assembly having a split housing including a coil-retaining body member and a ring member, which ring member is installed by attachment to the coil-retaining body member subsequent to installation of a polyester face sheet forming the outer wear surface of the foil and prior to bonding of the sheet.
It is another object of this invention to provide in the method of making a coil assembly for an EMR gun for the etching of the coil prior to banding the outer circumference of the coil and bonding.
Other features and objects of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows the completed coil assembly made in accordance with the present method with quarter section cut-away for increased clarity in revealing details of the inner structure thereof;
FIG. 2 shows a step in the process of making the center core, viz., winding of plural layer polyimide plastic insulation film;
FIG. 3 shows the finished machined center core;
FIG. 4 shows the inner terminal of the coil formed in the machined slot of the center core;
FIG. 5 shows a top plan view of the winding apparatus for winding the conductor strip with polyimide tape and around the center core;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the winding apparatus of FIG. 5 taken along the line 6 -- 6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 shows the outer terminal fold;
FIG. 8 shows positioning of a fluorocarbon resin sheet on the top (left) surface of the coil followed by two further polyimide sheets thereon and further positioning of a single polyimide sheet on the bottom (right) nonworking surface side of the coil prior to insertion thereof between plates of a press and subsequent disposal thereof in a vacuum furnace;
FIG. 9 shows a coil with outside wrapping build-up machined away from the dotted line to provide the taper shown;
FIG. 10 shows the coil assembly in the mold in preparation for potting;
FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along the lines 11 -- 11 of FIG. 10 showing the coil assembly potted;
FIG. 12 is an exploded view of the coil assembly showing the coil, polyester face sheet and ring member of the split housing prior to bonding of the polyester face sheet to the coil face;
FIG. 13 shows bonding of the polyester face sheet to the etched polyimide coil face by vacuum bagging while heating;
FIG. 14 shows machining flat of the face of the coil-retaining body member of the split housing for reference index;
FIG. 15 shows machining of the bottom major surface of the coil flat and parallel to the top wear surface of the coil formed by the polyester face sheet; and
FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken through the finished coil showing the parallel relationship between top and bottom surfaces.
Turning now to FIG. 1 for a general overview of several important features provided in the present coil assembly 10, it will be noted that coil assembly 10 includes a split housing comprising coil-retaining body member 12 made of a reinforced dielectric material serving for the purpose of containing coil 14 in such a manner (hereinafter described in more detail) that the wear surface provided by polyester face sheet 16 is geometrically parallel with the bottom surface 18 of coil assembly 10 so that when coil assembly 10 is installed in EMR (electromagnetic riveting) gun having a ram assembly, e.g., ram assembly 300 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 837,487, filed Sept. 28, 1977, also assigned to The Boeing Company, point contact between conductive driving plate 321 and the outer wear surface of the coil is reduced.
Ring member 20 enables strapping down of polyester face sheet 16 as shown in FIG. 12 prior to bonding of polyester face sheet in a manner hereinafter discussed providing holding power for the wear surface during bonding. Ring member 20, since fastened to coil-retaining body member 12 as shown in FIG. 1, may be removed to gain access to coil 14 and thereby facilitate repair of coil 14 when defects are noted therein through face sheet 16, which is made of about a 7-mil thickness polyester which is transparent and available under the trade name Mylar, of the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Del.
The coil assembly 10 of FIG. 1 and method of making thereof will be described in the following portion of the specification under subtitles in accordance with the sequence of steps taken in the manufacture thereof.
The step-by-step fabricating procedure for making core 30 included: tight winding a polyimide insulation film 22 on mandrel 24. This material was commercially available from DuPont Company of Wilmington, Del., under the trade name "Kapton," and Type F was used, which was DuPont Type 200F919. Winding was started on mandrel 24 (with two layers of H-type first placed on the mandrel to provide release from the mandrel 24 after fusing) until a build-up of approximately 1.5 inches O.D. thickness was reached to allow for machining to desired dimension after fusing. Winding about mandrel 24 was finished by a winding of Kapton H-type pressure-sensitive tape to prevent loosening of the winding 22 of Kapton F film. The finished winding 22 forming coil center core 30 was clamped with steel hose clamps and coated with Frekote, a parting agent of Fre Kote Manufacturing Company of Boca Raton, Fla. Finished coil center core 30, comprising the aforementioned completed winding 22 on mandrel 24, is then disposed in an oven preheated to 550 degrees F. .+-. 25 degrees F. for 30 minutes. Mandrel 24 and winding 22 are then removed for cooling in still air at ambient room temperature. Coil center core 30 is then machined to include slot 26 as shown in FIG. 3.
Turning now to FIGS. 5 and 6, showing winding apparatus 40, it will be noted that a coil 42 of copper strip 44 having a rectangular cross section is disposed on payoff reel 46 of winding machine 40. Also, it should be noted that rolls 48 of Kapton type F film 49 defined earlier as comprising a polyimide film are disposed on tape head 50 of winding apparatus 40 for serving copper strip 44 with one layer of film 49 with 40 to 50 percent overlap, taking care at all times to avoid the occurrence of triple layers of coil insulation.
Coil center core 30 (see FIG. 6) is first positioned on winding reel 52 which is driven by electric motor 54. Subsequently, enough of copper strip 44 wound with polyimide film 49 is served through tape head 50 to allow the forming of inner terminal fold 56, shown in FIG. 4 (and also in FIG. 7) in slot 26. Inner terminal fold 56 is wrapped with two extra layers of Kapton H pressure-sensitive tape before clamping coil center core 30 to commence winding of winding reel 52. The first turn of electrically insulatively wrapped copper strip 44 is wound to provide EMR coil 14 without application of tension on wrapped copper strip 44 to avoid pulling on the aforementioned inner terminal fold 56 and winding tension is applied after first overlap of inner terminal fold 56 has occurred. Tight winding tension is maintained by adjusting taping head pressure rollers 60 to sufficient pressure for driving taping head 50 without stretching copper strip 44. A turn counter (not shown) is set at 1 and a total of 27 turns of electrically insulatively wrapped conductor 61 are wound to form coil 14. The 27th turn is taken back (with the 26th turn clamped to prevent coil 14 from unwinding and loosening up) to then provide outer terminal fold 64 (see FIGS. 7 and 8), whereupon the 26th turn is unclamped while holding electrically insulatively wrapped conductor 61 under tension and the winding of the last (27th turn) is then completed. Four to six turns of polyimide tape (Kapton) are then wrapped on the outside of the 27th turn.
A 0.020-inch thick fluorocarbon resin sheet 70, sold under the tradename "Teflon" of the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Del., is disposed as shown in FIG. 8 on the front face of EMR coil 14 followed by first 72 and second 74 polyimide sheets (Kapton F), while a further polyimide sheet (Kapton F) 76 is disposed on the rear face of EMR coil 14. The required center hole 78 (as seen in FIG. 8) is cut in sheets 70, 72, 74 and 76 with a one-inch diameter punch tool. Coil 14 sandwiched between sheets 70, 72, 74 and 76 as shown in FIG. 8 is then disposed between plates 81 and 83 of winding reel 52, and with plates 81 and 83 removed from winding reel 52 (with aforementioned assembly of FIG. 8 disposed therebetween), plates 81 and 83 are squeezed together with a force of about 10,000 pounds and five type-300 stainless steel bolts are installed therebetween with 40-inch/pounds minimum fastening torque providing clamping, whereupon pressure is released and the assembly, including outer plates 81 and 83, is placed in a plastic bag, vacuum drawn, and sealed prior to insertion thereof in a vacuum furnace. Upon inserting the assembly, including outer plates 81 and 83 in a vacuum furnace, evacuation is done to a minimum of about 26 to 29 inches Hg and then heat is applied to 550 degrees F. .+-. 25 degrees F. for about 1 hour and subsequently raised to 600 degrees F. .+-. 25 degrees F. for 30 minutes, whereupon cooling is done to 150 degrees F. in an inert atmosphere (argon or helium purge preferred) and the assembly between plates 81 and 83 removed, whereupon the outer diameter bank of turns of Kapton discussed earlier on coil 14 and the inside diameter of core 30 are scored with a sharp tool and the entire assembly, including coil 14 with sheets 70, 72, 74, and 76 is then etched. After etching the entire assembly is reinserted in winding reel 52 for banding and the outside diameter is wound with 3/4-inch-wide perma-fill fiber glass tape, e.g., General Electric Company type 76830, the fiber glass tape being impregnated with varnish and wound at 200 pounds minimum tension to provide an overall 4-inch outside diameter and thereafter secured by a banding with a minimum of about 10 turns of a heat shrinkable polyester tape (e.g., General Electric Company type 76851) to provide a finished overall diameter of about 4-3/16 inches. Coil assembly 14, including outer sheets 70, 72, 74 and 76, is subsequently placed between two aluminum plates faced with Teflon in a press loaded to about 10,000 pounds, the aforementioned perma fill fiber glass tape cured, then removed and machine tapered with outside wrapping removed to the extent shown from dotted line 80 in FIG. 9.
Coil assembly 14 of FIG. 9 is positioned face down in mold 90 as shown in FIG. 10 centering coil assembly 14 on locating plug 91 and secured in position by means of two 3/8-inch diameter fiber glass rods 92 and 93, pushing down on coil assembly 14, as shown in FIG. 11, which fiber glass rods 92 and 93 are fastened in place by corresponding set screws 94 and 95 and with fiber glass rods 92 and 93 becoming an integral part of coil assembly 14 during the potting operation. In the potting operation a mixture 96 of chopped glass mixed into a potting resin with hardener is poured into mold 90 between coil assembly 14 and split housing coil-retaining body member 12 and first room-temperature cured prior to insertion of mold 90 into an oven for oven cure.
Turning now to FIG. 12, it can be seen that ring member 20 is removed from the face of coil-retaining body member 12 and polyester face sheet 16, having a 7-mil .+-. 1 mil thickness, is cut and four holes are punched therein to match the four equiangularly disposed holes 101 disposed in ring member 20. The aforementioned range of thickness specified for polyester face sheet 16 results in desired EMR coil inductance of 32 to 37 microhenries (open circuit inductance between EMR coil terminals 105 and 107) without the aforementioned EMR gun conductive driving plate 321 (shown in the aforementioned referenced aplication, Ser. No. 837,487) in position against polyester face sheet 16 subsequent to the bonding thereof, and a desired EMR coil inductance of 14 to 19 microhenries with driving plate 321 in position against polyester face sheet 16 subsequent to bonding thereof. The surface of polyester face sheet 16 which is to be bonded, i.e., that facing coil housing surface 110 is abraded with an abrasive pad as is also the peripheral portion of the other surface of polyester face sheet 16 underlying ring member 20 where ring member 20 will be bonded over polyester face sheet 16. A 1/4-inch diameter hole 111 is then drilled through the center of polyester face sheet 16 and surface 110.
A 10 to 15-mil layer of curing adhesive, e.g., BMS 5-31 type 51 adhesive, a polysulfide obtainable from Coast Pro-Seal of Compton, Calif., is applied to etched coil face surface 110 and to the surface of ring member 20 facing polyester face sheet 16. The abraded surface of polyester face sheet 16 is then disposed against curing adhesive covered coil face surface 110 as shown in FIG. 13, ring member 20 is positioned on top of polyester face sheet 16 and screws 115 (shown in FIG. 12) are tightened down into corresponding cupped holes 117 in coil-retaining body member 12 applying about 20in./lb. torque. A 1/4-inch thick aluminum pressure disk 113 (as seen in FIG. 13) is then inserted as shown within ring member 20 in a manner to insure even transfer of vacuum pressure to polyester face sheet 16. The assembly is then covered with a bleeder cloth 117 and flexible film bag to assure vacuum tightness and a vacuum is drawn at outlet 121 of 22 to 30 inches Hg so that this vacuum pressure is then applied to the surface of aluminum pressure disk 113. Vacuum is maintained for a 24-hour period to fully cure the aforementioned adhesive at a room temperature of 74 degrees F.
Subsequently, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, respectively, the face of coil-retaining body member 12 is machined flat and the bottom major surface of the finished EMR coil is machined flat and parallel to the top wear surface of the coil formed by the polyester face sheet.
1. The method of making an electromagnetic riveting coil assembly including the steps of
- winding a plurality of turns of polyimide film on a mandrel to form a coil center core;
- winding a plurality of turns of insulatively wrapped conductor on said coil center core to form a coil;
- disposing a fluorocarbon resin sheet on a first major surface of said coil followed by first and second polyimide sheets disposed thereon;
- positioning a third polyimide sheet on the second major surface of said coil;
- positioning first and second plates against said second and third polyimide sheets, respectively, and then squeezing said first and second plates together;
- releasing the pressure provided by squeezing said first and second plates together;
- inserting said coil, including said fluorocarbon sheet and said first, second, and third polyimide sheets, in a plastic bag;
- vacuum drawing and sealing said plastic bag prior to insertion thereof in a vacuum furnace for evacuation and subsequent heating;
- etching said coil, including said second and third polyimide sheets;
- banding the outside circumference of said coil by winding thereon a plurality of turns of electrically insulative tape, then curing said electrically insulative tape;
- positioning said coil in a split housing body member with potting material disposed therebetween;
- curing said potting material disposed between said coil and said split housing body member;
- applying a layer of curing adhesive to said second polyimide sheet;
- disposing the abraded surface of a polyester face sheet against said layer of curing adhesive; and then
- tightening down said polyester face sheet against said layer of curing adhesive and curing said curing adhesive.
Referenced Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
|June 1973
|January 20, 1976
Patent History
Type: Grant
Filed: Jan 23, 1978
Date of Patent: May 1, 1979
Assignee: The Boeing Company (Seattle, WA)
Inventors: Arthur W. McDermott (Maple Valley, WA), Ralph R. Welsh (Kent, WA)
Primary Examiner: Carl E. Hall
Attorneys: Conrad O. Gardner, B. A. Donahue
Application Number: 5/871,651
International Classification: H01F 4106;


text:
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text:
05 Oct 2017 21:59
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