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Introducing Stephen Jones
Rob May Builders have had several different faces come and go over the ten years we've been in business: tradesmen, foremen, apprentices, labourers, but never before have we had a Brand Ambassador (probably because none of us have been famous enough!) Well that has now changed and we are super excited to welcome NZ High Performance Squad member and Kiwi Eight rower Stephen Jones aboard our team. ...November 19, 2015
Supporting Champion Teams | Cambridge Junior Football
Wow! What a year Rob May has had so far as a business, winning a couple of prestigious awards and also having the privilege of being involved with some fantastic community groups and sports teams that are doing amazing things. One of these is the Grade 10 Cambridge All-Stars Football team. It's been an absolute delight to be associated with them and you couldn't ask for a better bunch of boys who are so passionate about football, their club and team, and us as a supporting business as they pr...September 21, 2015
Will the real Rob May please stand up?
A certain question has come up several times in the past couple of weeks, and it's a question we're often asked when new people come across us. The question is: "So who is Rob May?" It's a good question, because you're first point of contact at Rob May will likely be Jono our manager, or Mark in the office, or Paula with an accounts enquiry, or Cam or Deryk in charge of a site, but you won't find Rob May anywhere. Where is he, and why is he never seen? Why doesn't he answer the phone? Even at th...August 21, 2015
Building Homes by Building Trust | Jason and Gillian Trower
...May 29, 2015
Staff Bio | Isaac van der Valk
We thought it was time to share another staff bio, so this week we caught up with our most recent apprentice, Isaac van der Valk. Isaac started with us full-time early in 2013 and has proved himself to be a hard worker and a quick learner. The youngest of 4 tough brothers and an even tougher older sister, Isaac grew up on a sheep and beef farm near Cambridge. He loves anything outdoors, especially rugby where he played No.8 for Cambridge High School's championship winning team of 2012,...August 22, 2014
Bupa Retirement Village from the air
You certainly get a different perspective of things from the air. We've watched the project at St Kilda grow and grow, and even from ground level it's looking pretty impressive and expansive with more and more walls and roofs going up each week. But we thought it'd be even better to see just how the project is growing from the air. Obviously us flying up there was out of the question, so instead we sent up a bird with a camera, and the pictures it brought back down for u...July 28, 2014
More Space, No Stress | Ailsa & Jimmy Ormsby
There's no shortage of space in Kaipaki, the rural community near Cambridge that plays home to Windsor Park Stud and the Lily Pad Café. But for Kaipaki residents Ailsa and Jimmy Ormsby, their newly-purchased 1920's bungalow didn't take full advantage of their spacious property. They decided a major renovation was in order to create new and better spaces: adding a brand new kitchen, extending and revitalising the dining area with large new windows and doors to enhance the natural l...July 14, 2014
Staff Bio | Cam van den Broek
In the first of our staff bios we're catching up with Cam van den Broek, Rob May Building's very first employee and apprentice, who started with us way back in 2006. The company has evolved heaps since then, so it's really interesting to see how Cam has evolved from apprentice boy to foreman over that same time....June 20, 2014
Redesigned website, more information for you...
We've had the idea of a blog in the pipeline for sometime now, and we've been looking at ideas for things we can share that you will find interesting, informative, helpful, or perhaps just fun. So we're going to try and share what's going on in the building industry, share a little more about us and our great crew of builders, interesting tips about the building process and where to start, and more about what we're up to.We've already added pages to keep you up to date with our project...June 13, 2014 Posts 1-9 of 9 | Page


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All right. So... trench coats. I have one my mother gave me after it languished for years in her closet after it had languished for years in her sister's closet, and where her sister got it, I am not quite certain. It's tan, classic shape, the kind of trench that they're selling at Gap and wherever else. I think it looks fairly decent on me, and it's a bit of a conscience, telling me to stand up straight and forego the yelling at bad drivers. It's incredibly boring though. I feel like I should wear sequined tights or something to give it oomph! Now this is a trenchcoat with its own oomph.
Coat (see more polka dot trench coats)
Not particularly trenchy or even waterproof, but soooooo cute! It makes me want to cut out that green stripe weatherproof fabric and paint on some flowers. What do you think? Do you like trench coats?

subset: commoncrawl


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Hinckley United aim to end their season with a hat-trick of Nationwide North doubles by beating Moor Green at The Moorlands tomorrow.
The Knitters bounced back to winning ways following a seven-game run without a victory by beating Barrow 1-0 last Saturday - and they will want to complete an inconsistent campaign with a three-point haul.
When the sides met at Middlefield Lane in January, goals from Wayne Dyer and Brad Piercewright earned United a 2-1 success and a repeat would suit manager Dean Thomas, who looks set to include Dougie Wade in his lineup after the young fullback impressed against Barrow.


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Franklin County judges to consolidate hearings
By RICHARD F. BELISLE / Staff Writer
CHAMBERSBURG, Pa. - Tuesdays will soon be known as "Court Day" in Franklin County.
Beginning Tuesday, and on that day every week thereafter, preliminary hearings for routine criminal cases will be heard in a central court on the third floor of the Franklin County Courthouse. The proceedings will begin at 9 a.m. and will run all day if necessary.
Historically, preliminary hearings have been held in the offices of the six district justices in the county where the crimes occurred.
The county's six district justices are Shirley M. Shatzer in Antrim Township, Larry G. Pentz in Waynesboro, Larry K, Meminger and Gary L. Carter, both in Chambersburg, David E. Hawbaker in Mercersburg, and John Weyman in Pleasant Hall northeast Franklin County.


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One cannot fix one's eyes on the commonest natural production without finding food for a rambling fancy.
– Jane Austen
The Bogman's Cannon has a global network of fancy ramblers, all of them up to very interesting things. Read our current Top 10 ramblers below – and if you are a rambler with something unique to share contact us at email@example.com
Sheila Armstrong teaches and parties in rural Columbia
Elizabeth Murray smiles to hide the sad in Cambodia
Tim McGabhann in Mexico on the AYOTZINAPA massacre, one year on.
Eamonn Sheehy meets Ibrahim the Syrian in Beirut
Sydney Weinberg in search of Roberto Bolano in Blanes
Barbara O Donnell was nurse on duty at the nearest hospital to the London Bombings
Ciaron Milton encounters a strange being on the road to Compostela
Ellis Byrne sleeps around in New York
Michael J Whelan reaches out to the desperate in Kosovo
Bernard O Rourke encounters a rarely spotted species of exhibitionist in a Dublin Park.


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Welcome to Poppy Avenue! My name is Destiny! I love art, reading, music, sunshine, photography, hiking, nature, long walks and travel! I am a homeschooled high school student and I LOVE it! I also love my family, friends, and most of all my savior Jesus Christ!
I hope to post beautiful and interesting things to inspire you! Make sure to check back often for new post! Enjoy my blog!


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To Assist Persons with spinal cord Injuries and other disabilities to achieve independance, self reliance and full community participation. Learn more about us.
(Current as of January 2018)
Meghan Keating
Carolyn Noseworthy
Dennis Waterman
Sheilagh Byrne
Stay connected with the world of SCI by visiting our webpage regularly for news & event updates, joining us on Facebook.
Spinal Cord Injury NL @ Working 2 Walk Science and Advocacy Symposium
February 13, 2019
KFC Peer Grub Club Sponsorship & Membership Discount
June 19, 2018


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A significant outpouring of God's Spirit, in the Philippines, the latter part of the 20th Century saw the Filipino Church grow from 5,000 local churches in 1970 to 40,000 by 2000. By 1990 the Holy Spirit began moving the Filipino Church into cross-cultural missions. Living Springs International found itself caught up in a missions movement that has seen more than 30,000 Filipinos go through their Kairos course (a nine lesson course on world Christian mission) since it was started in 1994. Unprecedented mission's mobilisation has resulted that now sees thousands of Filipino Christians serving in various countries of the world and all thirteen Least Reached Peoples within the Philippines now have one or several fellowships of worshiping believers.
From their Centre in the Philippines, Max and Dorothy and their international team oversee the expanding ministry of Simply Mobilizing International (previously known as LSI) both within the Philippines and beyond. More than eighty countries now conduct the Kairos course and it has been translated into 30 different languages. Of deep interest to the LSI team is the mobilisation of the Church in developing countries. The majority of the world's more than 7,000 Least Reached Peoples are found in developing countries as is an increasingly vibrant, missions-minded Church.
For example, Indonesian Christians are beginning to reach out to their least-reached country men, as are Christians in Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Albania, Romania, and the list is growing all the time. We are beginning to see a new wave of global missions outreach involving the whole Church but in many respects, spearheaded by the non-western Church.
Our future is to facilitate the growth of a movement we have called Simply Mobilizing (SM). This movement is an outgrowth of the Kairos Course movement and involves multiple mobilisation courses and programs, the development of mobilisers and the ministry of mobilising. The end vision is to see the whole Church and all believers gainfully employed in the work of the Kingdom, especially to the world's remaining Least Reached Peoples.
Imagine, with us, the possibilities of bringing Christ to our needy world if the largest number of believers that has ever existed on earth were mobilised for Kingdom ministry!
Funding assistance for our international leaders gathering in the Philippines this April and assistance in helping to further develop the SMI Center.
Opportunities exist to provide skills such as IT and graphic design including video production, at our Center in the Philippines, to help in the growth of the SM movement.
- Four years in the NZ Army
- Assistant Pastor for four years
- International Director since 1982
- Primary School teacher for six years
- Church youth leader
- Bible School for two years
- Main ministry: Curriculum development
Max and Dorothy are both from New Zealand and have worked in the Philippines since the late 1970s. Their two children Rachelle and Kevin were both born there. Max and Dorothy now have five grandchildren.
Opportunites include financial sponsorship of projects related to the movement which includes translation and printing of materials and support for the development of new courses and programs.
For further information contact the Global Desk at email@example.com Donate


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Meizu Pro 6 Plus & M3X Now OfficialMeizu unveiled two new smartphones this week: the Pro 6 Plus and the M3X. The metal-clad Meizu Pro 6 Plus seems to have turned to Samsung for inspiration. The Pro 6 Plus packs a large 5.7-inch Super AMOLED display of Quad HD resolution with an Always-On Display. To up the ante, Meizu has added pressure sensitivity to the screen, which it calls 3D Press. Powering the device is an octa-core Exynos 8890 chipset with 4GB RAM and 64GB/128GB UFS 2.0 internal storage. It runs the Flyme OS 6, which was built on top of Android 6.0 Marshmallow.
In the camera department, the Meizu Pro 6 Plus sports a 12-MP Sony IMX386 primary camera with an f/2.0 aperture, optical image stabilization, laser auto-focus, and dual-tone 10-LED ring flash. On front, a 5-MP selfie camera with an f/2.0 aperture can be found. Connectivity-wise, the Pro 6 Plus supports LTE, Hi-Fi audio, USB Type-C, mTouch fingerprint scanner and a heart rate monitor. A 3,400 mAh battery, with mCharge rapid charging support, will keep its lights on. The Meizu phablet will come in Champagne Gold, Deep Ash, and Moonlight Silver color variants and will retail starting at $435.
Then we have the Meizu M3X, which has a smaller 5.5-inch Super AMOLED display of 1080p Full HD resolution, with 2.5D curved glass. Ticking inside it is an octa-core MediaTek Helio P20 chipset with 3GB/4GB RAM and 32GB/64GB of internal storage. Like the Pro 6 Plus, the M3X runs Flyme OS 6.0. Camera-wise, it packs a 12-MP primary camera with phase detection auto-focus and dual-tone, dual-LED flash. It also has a 5-MP secondary shooter. In addition, the M3X sports an mTouch fingerprint scanner, a 3,200 mAh battery with mCharge rapid charging support, and a USB Type-C port. The Meizu M3X will come in Phantom Blue, Streamer Gold, Pearl White, and Obsidian Black, and will retail starting at $247.
Til then...
xoxo Nash


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A, Sagittal and coronal slices of the hippocampus and the amygdala (Montreal Neurological Institute [MNI] coordinates x = −17, y = −4) depict decreased gray matter volumes in individuals with bipolar depression (BD) compared with individuals with unipolar depression (UD) for the Münster sample and the Pittsburgh sample. B, Sagittal and coronal slices of the rostral anterior cingulate gyrus (MNI coordinates x = −7, y = 38) depict decreased gray matter volumes in individuals with UD compared with individuals with BD for both samples. For display reasons, restricted region-of-interest analyses of the amygdala, the hippocampus, and the anterior cingulate gyrus, as defined by the automated anatomical labeling (Wake Forest University PickAtlas) using an uncorrected statistical threshold of P < .01, were conducted.
eAppendix 1. Comorbidities and Exclusion Criteria
eAppendix 2. Data Collection
eAppendix 3. Methods Voxel Based Morphometry and Univariate Analyses
eAppendix 4. Support Vector Machines and Gaussian Process Classifier
eAppendix 5. White Matter Results
eAppendix 6. Sensitivity and Specificity
eFigure 1. Gray matter differences for the contrast HC > BD
eFigure 2. Gray matter differences for the contrast HC > UD
eFigure 3. Discriminative maps for SVM classifier for the trained pattern in both MU and PI
eFigure 4. Overlap between the multivariate vector weight discriminative maps and the univariate results for the combined sample
eTable 1. Lifetime Comorbidities
eTable 2. Univariate VBM results (gray matter) for ANOVA
eTable 3. Univariate VBM results (gray matter) for group comparisons of HC vs BD and HC vs UD using the combined sample
eTable 4. Univariate VBM results (gray matter) for the comparison for BD and UD separated by site
eTable 5. Results of the pattern classification analyses regarding BD and UD using combined gray matter and white matter data
eTable 6. Results of the 3-group pattern classification performances using gray matter
eTable 7. Results of separate pattern classification analyses regarding BD vs HC and UD vs HC using gray matter
eTable 8. Feature weights of the SVM-classification UD vs BD for each site separately
Customize your JAMA Network experience by selecting one or more topics from the list below.
Redlich R, Almeida JR, Grotegerd D, et al. Brain Morphometric Biomarkers Distinguishing Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Voxel-Based Morphometry–Pattern Classification Approach. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(11):1222–1230. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1100
© 2019
Copyright 2014 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use.
The structural abnormalities in the brain that accurately differentiate unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar depression (BD) remain unidentified.
First, to investigate and compare morphometric changes in UD and BD, and to replicate the findings at 2 independent neuroimaging sites; second, to differentiate UD and BD using multivariate pattern classification techniques.
Design, Setting, and Participants
In a 2-center cross-sectional study, structural gray matter data were obtained at 2 independent sites (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Münster, Germany) using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare local gray and white matter volumes, and a novel pattern classification approach was used to discriminate between UD and BD, while training the classifier at one imaging site and testing in an independent sample at the other site. The Pittsburgh sample of participants was recruited from the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic at the University of Pittsburgh from 2008 to 2012. The Münster sample was recruited from the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Münster from 2010 to 2012. Equally divided between the 2 sites were 58 currently depressed patients with bipolar I disorder, 58 age- and sex-matched unipolar depressed patients, and 58 matched healthy controls.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Magnetic resonance imaging was used to detect structural differences between groups. Morphometric analyses were applied using voxel-based morphometry. Pattern classification techniques were used for a multivariate approach.
At both sites, individuals with BD showed reduced gray matter volumes in the hippocampal formation and the amygdala relative to individuals with UD (Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates x = −22, y = −1, z = 20; k = 1938 voxels; t = 4.75), whereas individuals with UD showed reduced gray matter volumes in the anterior cingulate gyrus compared with individuals with BD (Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates x = −8, y = 32, z = 3; k = 979 voxels; t = 6.37; all corrected P < .05). Reductions in white matter volume within the cerebellum and hippocampus were found in individuals with BD. Pattern classification yielded up to 79.3% accuracy (P < .001) by differentiating the 2 depressed groups, training and testing the classifier at one site, and up to 69.0% accuracy (P < .001), training the classifier at one imaging site (Pittsburgh) and testing it at the other independent sample (Münster). Medication load did not alter the pattern of results.
Conclusions and Relevance
Individuals with UD and those with BD are differentiated by structural abnormalities in neural regions supporting emotion processing. Neuroimaging and multivariate pattern classification techniques are promising tools to differentiate UD from BD and show promise as future diagnostic aids.
Unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorders are leading causes of disability worldwide.1,2 Among patients with bipolar disorder, misdiagnosis rates of up to 75% are reported, primarily for UD,3,4 leading to insufficient treatment, poor outcome, and higher health care costs.5,6 There is a particular difficulty in distinguishing bipolar depression (BD) from UD, owing to their having the same diagnostic criteria for a depressive episode; the higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, rather than hypomanic symptoms, in bipolar disorder; and the presence of subthreshold manic symptoms for both disorders during a depressive episode.7,8 A major research goal is thus to identify neurobiological markers that can help differentiate these disorders, especially for individuals presenting during depressive episodes.
A growing number of neuroimaging studies reported functional and structural neural abnormalities in both disorders relative to healthy controls, pointing to functional and structural alterations in limbic and prefrontal cortical regions supporting emotion regulation in both disorders.9-15 Unfortunately, very few studies directly compared individuals with UD with those with BD. Preliminary results obtained from functional imaging studies suggest differences in neural activation patterns to emotional stimuli, particularly in the amygdala,8,16-19 and differences in blood flow at the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG).20 Functional imaging studies are methodologically demanding, however, and can vary dramatically regarding paradigms and analytic methods. Furthermore, the majority of previous studies were performed at single sites, providing little information regarding the generalizability of findings across different sites.
In contrast, structural neuroimaging is more often performed routinely in clinical practice and is also more reliable across different scanning platforms. It is therefore potentially more suitable for providing measures that may yield future clinical applications for diagnostic purposes. Despite this, there are very few studies that have directly compared structural neuroimaging measures between individuals with UD and those with BD. The few available studies reported more white matter hyperintensities,21 decreased habenula volume,22 and decreased fractional anisotropy of the left longitudinal fasiculus23 and the corpus callosum24 in individuals with BD relative to those with UD, whereas other studies found no structural differences between groups.25-27 To our knowledge, no study has analyzed the differences in whole-brain gray matter between individuals with UD and individuals with BD.
The goal of the present study was thus to identify the extent to which whole-brain gray matter abnormalities differentiated individuals with BD from those with UD and to replicate the findings in an independent data set. We hypothesized between-group differences in gray matter volume in neural regions supporting emotion regulation, including prefrontal cortical regions, the ACG, the amygdala, and the hippocampus, based on current neural models of emotion dysregulation in UD and bipolar disorder.8,12,13,28,29
Furthermore, a novel multivariate pattern classification approach was used to differentiate individuals with UD from those with BD based on gray matter, while training the classifier at 1 imaging site and testing in an independent sample at the other site. We hypothesized that similar patterns of gray matter abnormalities differentiating individuals with UD from individuals with BD could be determined independently at each site, and that pattern classification would provide diagnostic accuracy rates significantly different from chance levels, even when classifiers were trained at 1 site and tested at the other.
The present study included data from 2 independent sites. The Pittsburgh sample of participants was recruited from the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic at the University of Pittsburgh from 2008 to 2012. The Münster sample was recruited from the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Münster from 2010 to 2012. The final sample comprised 174 participants. Each site contributed a BD, UD, and healthy control group of 29 participants each. Hence, the final sample comprised 58 currently depressed individuals with BD, 58 currently depressed individuals with UD, and 58 healthy controls. The 3 groups were matched at each site on age (both P > .96) and sex (both P > .77). Our study was approved by the local institutional review board at each site and all participants provided written informed consent before study participation and the participants were financially compensated for their participation. In the combined sample, individuals with BD and those with UD were comparable regarding total years of education (P = .90), age at onset (P = .11), and current depression (determined by use of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale30; P = .17), mania (determined by use of the Young Mania Rating Scale31; P = .93), or trait anxiety (determined by use of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory32; P = .47), whereas both cohorts differed regarding several clinical parameters, including age at onsets, illness duration, number of depressive episodes, and Young Mania Rating Scale scores (all P < .04), when comparing the Münster sample with the Pittsburgh sample (Table 1). For comorbidities and exclusion criteria, see eTable 1 and eAppendix 1 in the Supplement.
The Münster and Pittsburgh data sets were acquired with a 3-T scanner using recently published protocols.33-36 For a detailed description of data collection, voxel-based morphometry, and univariate analyses, see eAppendixes 2 and 3 in the Supplement.
Pattern recognition approaches represent a set of machine-learning–based algorithms, allowing multivariate, hypothesis-free differentiation of 2 or more groups based on high-dimensional data. A major strength of this technique is the individual-level prediction of group membership. Among the most frequently used classifiers in neuroimaging is the support vector machine (SVM), which has been used successfully in differentiating depressed patients from healthy controls15,37,38 and in differentiating individuals with UD from those with BD, using functional neuroimaging data.16,19,20 In addition, a second well-established classifier, the gaussian process classifier (GPC),39 was used to validate results with an independent algorithm.
Pattern classification analyses were conducted using the MANIA toolbox40 (https://bitbucket.org/grotegerd/mania) and implementing the LIBSVM (a library for support vector machines)41 and the GPC42 (eAppendix 4 in the Supplement). The preprocessed and smoothed modulated gray matter (and white matter) images were used as input for the classifiers. For all pattern classification analyses, an anatomical mask based on the neuroanatomical model of emotion regulation12,28,29 was used as previously described.19 The mask was created using the Wake Forest University PickAtlas43 according to the automated anatomical labeling definitions.44 This mask comprised the entire prefrontal cortex, including the middle cingulate gyrus, the ACG, the amygdala, the thalamus, the striatum and, additionally, the hippocampal formation. This large region of interest included 29.6% of the entire brain mask and was selected with the goal of including those neural regions most likely to substantially contribute to discriminative patterns in order to increase the performance of the classifiers.19 A feature ranking method using t tests based on a probability (P < .05) was embedded directly within the cross-validation process. The test margin, denoting the confidence with which individual participants were classified as belonging to 1 of the 2 diagnostic categories, was extracted from each participant to examine the influence of medication load on individual-level classification performance. The statistical significance was determined by probabilities of binominal distributions, as described in Fu et al.37
First, to examine our main objective, the abilities of the SVM and GPC to discriminate between individuals with UD and those with BD using gray matter data were evaluated at each site separately using a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. Second, to determine whether the trained discriminating patterns from one site could be applied to the other site, the trained classifiers for the Münster sample were applied to the Pittsburgh sample (and vice versa). In addition, we performed the same classification procedures using all 3 groups (including healthy controls) and performed classifications between individuals with UD and healthy controls and between individuals with BD and healthy controls. Finally, we combined the data/features from gray matter and white matter to potentially increase the classification accuracy for the classifications of BD and UD. To compare the pattern classification feature weights (using discriminative maps) between both sites, the weight vectors of the SVM hyperplane were extracted. Furthermore, we compared the pattern classification feature weights with the results of the univariate analyses.
At both sites, the analysis of variance (F statistics) showed volume differences within the hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, amygdala, cerebellum, and prefrontal areas. Additional differences within the putamen, the caudate nucleus, and the lingual gyrus were found in the Münster sample. The analysis of variance of the combined sample from both sites confirmed these clusters (eTable 2 in the Supplement).
In both patient groups, reduced gray matter volumes were found in neural regions previously reported as showing abnormalities in individuals with bipolar disorder10,45 and UD.46,47 In individuals with UD, abnormalities included reduced gray matter volumes in the hippocampal formation, extending to the fusiform gyrus, the ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, the ACG, the caudate, and the precuneus. Compared with the healthy controls, the individuals with BD showed strong gray matter volume reductions in the bilateral hippocampus extending to the fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, amygdala, caudate, putamen, thalamus, insula, and dorsal prefrontal cortex (eTable 3 and eFigures 1 and 2 in the Supplement).
The whole-brain analysis of the Münster sample revealed significantly smaller gray matter volumes in individuals with BD relative to individuals with UD in 4 clusters comprising the bilateral hippocampal formation, the amygdala, the putamen, the insula, and the temporal pole (Figure, A). Conversely, only 1 cluster was observed with a highly significant volume reduction in the rostral ACG in individuals with UD relative to individuals with BD (Figure, B; eTable 4 in the Supplement).
In the Pittsburgh sample, no group differences were identified using the same rigorous correction for the entire brain. However, restricting the analysis to the significant clusters obtained from the Münster sample as a mask, and applying a correction for the smaller volume (voxel threshold of P < .01, and empirically determined cluster extent thresholds of k = 34 voxels for BD > UD, the direction where individuals with BD had more gray matter volume compared with individuals with UD, and k = 15 voxels for BD < UD, where individuals with BD had less gray matter volume compared with individuals with UD) by the use of Monte Carlo simulations (5000 iterations), using the AlphaSim48 procedure as implemented in REST (Resting-State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit [http://restfmri.net/forum/index.php]), yielded significant overlapping results in the same direction as in the Münster sample, including a cluster in the left amygdala, the hippocampus, and the parahippocampal gyrus showing smaller gray matter volume in individuals with BD relative to those with UD and greater gray matter volume in the rostral ACG in individuals with BD relative to those with UD (eTable 4 in the Supplement).
Analysis of the combined sample confirmed smaller gray matter volume in individuals with BD than in individuals with UD within the entire bilateral hippocampal formation, amygdala, and thalamus, with minor involvement of the striatum and insula. Conversely, only 1 cluster in the rostral ACG cluster survived, showing greater gray matter volumes in individuals with BD than in individuals with UD (Table 2). Regarding the effects of medication load and clinical course (determined by the number of depressed episodes and the duration of illness), adding these variables to the design did not alter the pattern of results for the combined sample (for individuals with UD > BD: Montreal Neurological Institute [MNI] coordinates x = −15, y = −31, z = −11; t108 = 4.48; k = 420 voxels, corrected P < .001; MNI coordinates x = 18, y = −22, z = −12; t108 = 4.53; k = 241 voxels; corrected P < .001; for individuals with UD > BD: MNI coordinates x = −9, y = 32, z = −6; t108 = 5.65; k = 1032 voxels; corrected P < .001).The regression analyses between gray matter volume and clinical variables showed a significant negative association between illness duration and ACG volume (MNI coordinates x = −9, y = 34, z = 22; t53 = 5.05; k = 425 voxels; corrected P < .001) in the combined UD sample, a tendency that was observed in both samples (Münster sample: x = −8, y = 36, z = 21; t25 = 4.81; k = 173 voxels; Pittsburgh sample: MNI coordinates x = −14, y = 34, z = 21; t25 = 4.41; k = 41 voxels). There were no significant associations between gray matter volume and Young Mania Rating Scale or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score and there were no associations whatsoever in the BD sample. For white matter results, see eAppendix 5 in the Supplement.
The SVM was able to differentiate individuals with UD from those with BD with an accuracy of 75.9% (P < .001) within the Münster sample and with an accuracy of 65.5% (P = .006) within the Pittsburgh sample. When using the GPC, highly similar rates were obtained within the Münster sample (79.3%; P < .001) and within the Pittsburgh sample (65.5%; P = .006).
Importantly, using these algorithms for training on the data set from one site and applying the trained classifier for testing at the other site yielded highly significant results: 69.0% accuracy (P < .001) when training on Pittsburgh data and testing on Münster data and 63.8% accuracy (P = .01) when training on Münster data and testing on Pittsburgh data (Table 3). There were no significant relationships (P > .05) between medication load and pattern classification test margins for accurately classifying individuals as belonging to either group. Combining the data/features from gray matter and white matter did not significantly increase the accuracy rates for the classifications of BD and UD (eTable 5 in the Supplement). For supplementary 3-group analyses, including healthy and separated analyses (individuals with UD vs healthy controls; individual with BD vs healthy controls), see eTables 6 and 7 in the Supplement. For a detailed description of sensitivity and specificity, see eAppendix 6 in the Supplement.
In both samples, the discriminative maps revealed strong overlapping negative feature weights within the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal areas contributing importantly to the classification as a patient with BD, whereas positive feature weights, especially within the ACG, contributed to the classification as a patient with UD (eTable 8 and eFigure 3 in the Supplement). This corresponded well with our univariate results (overlap presented in eFigure 4 in the Supplement), albeit there were further important feature weights within the orbitofrontal areas, subgenual ACG, and lateral prefrontal areas that were not detected by univariate statistics (eTable 8 in the Supplement).
To our knowledge, the present study is the first to characterize differences between individuals with UD and individuals with BD in gray matter across the entire brain. The principal findings indicate brain morphological differences between individuals with UD and individuals with BD in the amygdala, hippocampus, and ACG, replicated at an independent site. Furthermore, with multivariate pattern classification, we were able to differentiate both patient groups, even across different sites and scanners.
Our results suggest smaller gray matter volume in the ACG, especially within the rostral part, in individuals with UD compared with individuals with BD and healthy controls. Reductions in gray matter volume in the amygdala were only found in individuals with BD compared with individuals with UD and healthy controls, whereas both patient groups showed a reduced hippocampal volume compared with healthy controls.
These regions are known to be important for emotion processing and regulation.12 A number of structural studies49-51 have reported decreased gray matter volumes in the ACG in individuals with UD vs healthy controls and, recently, meta-analyses concluded that volume reduction of the ACG is one of the most consistent findings in structural studies investigating UD9,11 whereas the literature for BD seems more inconclusive.52-54 The ACG has dense connections to prefrontal areas55 and subcortical regions, such as the amygdala.56,57
First, regarding ACG function, ACG activation has been reported during the downregulation of emotions58 and, in particular, the rostral ACG is thought to be involved in automatic emotion regulation, as well as in the identification of emotionally salient stimuli and the mediation of autonomic responses associated with the generation of an emotional state.12 Second, the ACG is involved in self-referential processing59 and in individuals with UD, with negative self-referential thoughts and rumination.60
Correspondingly, studies of individuals with UD reported that ruminations correlated negatively with ACG volume61 and some have found hyperactivity in the rostral ACG during self-referential processing of negative words.62,63 Because individuals with UD were reported to show more automatic negative self-statements and rumination than individuals with BD,64 abnormally reduced ACG gray matter volume in individuals with UD may underlie or mediate the inability to regulate automatic negative self-referential processing and accompanied feelings. In other words, an increased self-focus toward emotional responses might correspond to reductions in gray matter volume in individuals with UD compared with individuals with BD. In addition, discriminative maps of the pattern classification analyses showed strong feature weights within subgenual parts of the ACG contributing specifically to the classification of individuals with UD vs individuals with BD. A number of previous studies reported the importance of the subgenual ACG in the development and treatment of mood disorders65,66 and it has been shown that resting blood flow in the subgenual ACG significantly discriminates individuals with UD from those with BD.20
Abnormalities in the activity and volume of the amygdala and hippocampus have also been repeatedly reported in individuals with UD and individuals with BD compared with healthy controls.10,67-74 Recently, 3 studies16-18 reported that the responsiveness of the amygdala to emotional stimuli differentiated individuals with UD from individuals with BD. Furthermore, individuals with BD and individuals with UD were differentiated on the basis of connectivity patterns between the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.75 Together with the present results, these studies provide support for a key role of the amygdala in differentiating UD from BD, even if the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified.13,75,76 In contrast, the hippocampal differences found between UD and BD should not always be assumed because volume decreases were found in both patient groups compared with healthy controls, and thus these hippocampal differences could potentially fail to discriminate between the 2 patient groups. These differences could be confounded by illness severity or medication. Taken together, the amygdala and the subgenual ACG may be particularly useful potential neuroanatomical biomarkers for differentiating UD and BD.
Our pattern classification approach reached up to 79% accuracy when training and testing in one sample, a figure much in line with other recent studies using this approach on functional neuroimaging data.16,19,20,77,78 Even using classifiers trained at one site and then used to test the other, the independent data set resulted in classification results that were still significantly different from chance levels (69%; P < .001). Although a performance of less than 70% accuracy may not be regarded as substantial enough to justify a clinical application, it must be emphasized that, to our knowledge, this is the first use of pattern classification algorithms with classifiers trained on a reference sample to data from an independent sample measured on a different scanner platform. Besides case-by-case classification, it should be further emphasized that pattern classification analyses generally are able to detect more subtle, spatially distributed patterns than univariate analyses, contributing to a richer differentiation between groups.
Together, these findings suggest that the combination of multivariate pattern classification and structural neuroimaging has the potential to be used clinically, potentially addressing the difficulty in discriminating between UD and BD. Future studies may benefit from including more information in the classifiers (eg, diffusion imaging data, genotypes, and clinical variables).
There were some limitations to our study. The results from the Pittsburgh sample did not survive the AlphaSim correction for the entire brain but the results from the clusters obtained from the Münster sample did. Additional pattern classification was less accurate in the Pittsburgh sample although it was still highly significant compared with chance levels. Differences regarding sample characteristic may explain these discrepancies (eg, older age and more chronically ill patients in the Münster sample, which could have led to more pronounced morphometric differences between groups at the Münster site).
Second, as expected, medication load was higher for individuals with BD than for those with UD, although medication load did not alter the findings from univariate analyses, similar to previous studies.79 Furthermore, medication load had no significant influence on pattern classification test margins for accurately classifying individuals as belonging to either group.
Finally, the samples at the 2 sites differed regarding age and clinical variables, which may have impaired the performance of the classifier when applied at the other site. Matching on illness criteria (such as the duration of illness or the number of episodes, as well as the potential influence of treatment history) should be considered in future studies using this approach.
Although UD and BD often remain very difficult to distinguish in clinical practice, promising findings from studies using pattern classification with neuroimaging techniques can help to provide biomarkers to correctly identify individuals with either diagnosis at an earlier stage. Furthermore, our study showed, for the first time, to our knowledge, that it is feasible to transfer a trained classifier from one sample to another, independent sample.
Submitted for Publication: January 23, 2014; final revision received April 22, 2014; accepted May 18, 2014.
Corresponding Author: Udo Dannlowski, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1, Gebäude 9A, 48149 Münster, Germany (email@example.com).
Published Online: September 3, 2014. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1100.
Author Contributions: Dr Dannlowski had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Mr Redlich and Dr Almeida contributed equally to the work and should therefore both be regarded as first authors.
Study concept and design: Redlich, Almeida, Kugel, Phillips, Dannlowski.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.
Drafting of the manuscript: Redlich, Almeida, Phillips, Dannlowski.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Almeida, Grotegerd, Opel, Kugel, Heindel, Arolt, Phillips, Dannlowski.
Statistical analysis: Redlich, Almeida, Dannlowski.
Obtained funding: Phillips.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Redlich, Grotegerd, Opel, Kugel, Heindel, Arolt, Phillips, Dannlowski.
Study supervision: Almeida, Kugel, Phillips, Dannlowski.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: The study was supported by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; grants FOR 2107 and WP1 to Dr Dannlowski).
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The German Research Foundation had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We thank Carlos Zevallos, an undergraduate student at the School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, for his helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. His contribution for this study was not funded.
Correction: This article was corrected on November 10, 2014, for misspelled name in the byline.
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NetZero Signs 200,000 Users in 11 weeks; Adds Advertisers
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Ad-backed Internet access service NetZero Inc. said it has attracted more than 200,000 subscribers in 11 weeks. New advertisers include Compare.net and Deja News
Sign-ups are occurring at a rate of at least one every 45 seconds, NetZero said, and the site is delivering more than 100 million page views per month.
NetZero said it has exceeded its ad revenue goals and is currently 100 percent sold out. The newest advertisers are Compare.net and Deja News, which join BellSouth, Music Blvd., The Trip.com and Nissan. All told, the company said it has signed up more than 40 major advertisers, evenly split between Web sites and companies offering products or services.
"As these figures indicate, both subscriber and advertiser acceptance of NetZero's service has been nothing short of outstanding," said Ronald T. Burr, CEO. "This performance reflects the overall value of our service--not just the ability to get online without paying, but to receive advertising that is relevant and appropriate. While we're modeled after network TV and radio, we're actually redefining Internet advertising with targeting capabilities not previously seen in any medium."
NetZero provides free Internet access via a local dial-up account and an e- mail account for each individual user in a household, a business or at specific location, such as a school or library. To subscribe to NetZero, users must complete a profile that captures their interests and demographic data . NetZero's patent-pending zCast software allows advertisers to target by geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioral information in real time.
On the desktop, NetZero opens a movable, 1-inch-by 3-inch portion of an 800x600 display that continuously delivers high-quality, 30-second ads. The subscriber can move the NetZero window to a preferred location on the screen, but cannot close it.


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|(Photo: Ashwini Ranjan)
Archbishop Alban Goodier, S.J.
|(Photo: Ashwini Ranjan)
Thank you! Thank you! Thank you! What book are you quoting from? I'd like to get it if possible. This quote makes everything very clear. I will not be judged by my reaction to what's going on in the world, or what's going on in my poor Church. I will be judged, through a very fine sieve - and I will have to satisfy God's demands on me.
And, of course, those demands are so light, so fair, so kind, so merciful that not to satisfy them because of my pride, laziness, and concupiciences will be my eternal downfall.
So thanks!!!!
Dear Barbara,
I'm glad the essay helped. The collection is entitled The Meaning of Life and Other Essays by Archbishop Alban Goodier. It was originally published in 1914, and saw several reprints. You could buy either a used copy or a new reprint at Amazon, I suppose, unless you have a very good Catholic bookstore in your neighborhood which carries classics like this.
God bless.
Comments are moderated according to both content and form. If you would like to keep your comments private, please indicate this, and include your email if you would like a personal response. Thank you for commenting.


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Best Laminate Manufacturer
Readers of the UK leading trade magazine Interiors Monthly have voted Balterio "Best Laminate Manufacturer".
The quality laminate floors of Balterio are innovative and following the latest trends in interior design. Not only the designs and colours are contemporary, the ease of installation is also guaranteed by the innovative fitting systems CXP, DXP and PXP. Balterio is very proud on its laminate floors and offers up to lifetime (limited to 33 years) warranty on some of the collections. If you are looking for a bestseller, then Balterio's Tradition Quattro is an excellent choice: a solid 9mm laminate board with True-to-Nature technology and 4-sided v-groove.
Balterio would like to thank the readers of Interiors Monthly for winning this Award. This Award gives us the courage and drive to continue developing new designs and techniques in laminate flooring.
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Italy in Pictures
On a rainy day.
Namesake of the Cortile della Pigna
in Cortile della Pigna.
(You'll turn to stone).
From the Vatican Museums
(but not the Sistine Chapel).
from the Vatican Museums.
Leaving the Vatican Museums
You can drink the water right out of these fountains all across Rome.
The elephant obelisk in the Piazza della Minerva. This elephant served as the model for the Elephant Tower at the Carlsberg Brewery.
Piazza del Popolo
One-legged distance cyclist who worked as a bicycle courier (yes, with only one leg) in WWI. Find out more about him.
in the Piazza Duca Federico
With fishermen at Fermignano, Italy.
(We're not sure what this is ...)
Outside the Basilica di San Lorenzo.
Sleeping old man with a cask of wine.
Looking towards Cattedrale di San Giovanni Battista (houses the Shroud of Turin)
Rear view.
Front (oblique) view.
In front of Palazzo Madama
In front of Palazzo Madama
Inside, it sells only things made by Prisoners
This shirt, found inside the Marte Jail Concept Store in Turin, was made by prisoners.
Home of the World's Greatest Beverage
World's Greatest Beverage
World's Greatest Beverage
Monument to the Carbiniere
We spent a total of 12 days in Italy, mostly in the central part of the country. We started in Rome and visited a number of different towns, both large and small, before concluding the Italian portion of our trip in Torino, which we really enjoyed. Here's a few pictures from our Italian days.
Click the left and right arrows above to cycle through the gallery. Or visit the complete Italy Gallery page.
Tom Fassbender is a writer of things with a strong adventurous streak. He also drinks coffee.


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Chanukah Celebration
Police officers gathered with members of the Jewish community at 32 Division to light a menorah and celebrate Chanukah together.
The north-end Division, which is home to the largest Jewish population in the city, has had a menorah in front of the Division for the past five years alongside its Christmas decorations.
The annual tradition was marked at the police station on Dec. 27, where a large audience was on hand for the lighting of the six-foot-tall menorah. Officers have lit the menorah since the holiday began Dec. 24, and continue to light a candle on the menorah at dusk for each of the eight days of Chanukah.
Prior to the Lighting ceremony, a parade of 30 vehicles with the menorah was escorted down Yonge street, across Lawrence Avenue, north on Bathurst street and to 32 Division station.
Rabbi Steiner said the Jewish community was happy to celebrate alongside police officers in their station.
Once the lighting prayers and ceremony was concluded, over 400 children and parents were entertained in the station's garage, where traditional Jewish music and refreshments were provided and all were invited to participate hands-on with police and Auxiliary officers at displays of police vehicles as well as interact with Mounted officers.
Chanukah celebrates the rededication of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem 2,100 years ago after a battle to reclaim it.


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From The Blog
Click to Submit A Question. I can't answer them all personally, but I'll answer some of them in my blog posts.
Tag Archives: Boston
Death Comes for Sacco and Vanzetti Ninety years ago this August, more than 700 law enforcement officers stood guard in the Charlestown neighborhood of Boston. It was August 22, 1927, and Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were scheduled … Continue reading
Posted in In Search of Sacco And Vanzetti, Uncategorized Tagged Boston, capital punishment, death watch, electric chair, executions, In Search of Sacco and Vanzetti, massachusetts, sacco, sacco and vanzetti, vanzetti Comments Off on
Boston's Other Terrorists?
They were assimilated immigrants, self-radicalized followers of a firebrand philosopher who published bomb-making instructions. So yes, as some have asked: similarities do exist between Sacco and Vanzetti and brothers Tarmelan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev of Boston Marathon bombing notoriety. Nick Sacco … Continue reading
No Better Place I live near Washington, D.C. Sacco and Vanzetti lived for years, and died, in Massachusetts. Most of the archives that relate to their case are located in and near Boston. I will be forever grateful to the … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged anarchism, archives, book tour, Books and Beyond, Boston, Boston Public Library, Center for the Book, Harvard Law Library, history, I.W.W., immigration, industrial workers of the world, labor organizing, Library of Congress, Massachusetts Archives, National Book Festival, sacco, sacco and vanzetti, vanzetti, Washington 2 Comments


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Announcement of the art competition by MÜNZENBERG FORUM BERLIN 2018
To the background information.
MÜNZENBERG FORUM BERLIN announces an art competition in three categories – Film, Photography and Collage – for the third time. In each category, a prize money of up to 5.000 € will be awarded. A jury decides on its division among the winners.
This year's motto is
But our condition's such it can't be so.
To this realization come the beggar king Peachum, his wife and daughter Polly in the song "On the Uncertainty of Human Relations" in the first finale of the Threepenny Opera by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill, which premiered on 31.08.1928.
It is the social conditions that ultimately determine people's actions.This insight has not lost any of its relevance in times when different social groups around the world are increasingly being played off against each other, criminalizing their commitment to humanity and openness being pushed back by protectionism and threats.
In the year of the 90th anniversary of the premiere of the most-performed play of the twentieth century – the Threepenny Opera – and the 120th birthday of Bertolt Brecht, the MÜNZENBERG FORUM BERLIN expects submissions in the respective categories, which deal with/address today's socio-political conditions.
The deadline for all three categories is August 10, 2018.
Competition photography "Use Photography as Weapon"
The photo competition is aimed at all photographers in Germany and abroad, who have not yet completed their forty years of age on 01.04.2018. Up to three individual images or a consistent series / reportage of up to 8 images can be submitted. Please send your images in digital form directly to firstname.lastname@example.com or via fileshare platform (for example, https://wetransfer.com/) by 10 August 2018. The images must be submitted as high-resolution jpegs with an edge length (long side) of 3500 pixels. Please do not send PDFs! The application should also include: the title of the photos, the year of the creation of the pictures, an explanation of the work on a maximum A4 page with reference to the competition motto, a CV showing the artistic development.
Please note that there is an extra competition for collages!
Competition film "Conquer the Film"-Prize
The film competition is aimed at all filmmakers in Germany and abroad, who have not yet completed their forty years of age on 01.04.2018. A film with a maximum length of 30 minutes can be submitted. Please send your film in digital form directly to email@example.com or via fileshare platform by 10 August 2018. The film should have an HD resolution (720p or higher) with a 16: 9 aspect ratio. Desired file formats are mp4, wmv, avi and mov.
The application should also include: the title of the film and the release year, an explanation of the work on a maximum A4 page with reference to the competition motto, a CV showing the artistic development.
Competition collage "Take Newspapers, use Scissors"
The collage competition is aimed at all artists and designers in Germany and abroad, who have not yet completed their forty years of age on 01.04.2018. Up to three individual works may be submitted. Please send high-resolution images of your works in digital form directly to email@example.com or via fileshare platform by 10 August 2018. Allowed are: any kind of (two dimensional) visual collage, i.e. image collage, photomontage. Excluded are plastic collages or montages and sculptures. The original works must be available for the exhibition period.
The application should also include: the title of the works, the year of the creation, an explanation of the works on a maximum A4 page with reference to the competition motto, a CV showing the artistic development.
Exhibition and Publication
The winning pictures, films and collages will be exhibited in the foyer of the FMP1 (Franz-Mehring-Platz 1, 10243 Berlin) during the 8th European Month of Photography, from 28 September 2018 to 31 October 2018. In addition, the entries of the winners will be published on the website of the MÜNZENBERG FORUM BERLIN for documentation.
We reserve further publications within the framework of cooperations.
GUIDELINES for the art competition in all three categories
1) The artists participating assure that they own the copyrights on the submitted works (text/lyrics, image etc.). Furthermore they asssure that no rights to the submitted works and used material are held by third parties and that, in cases where individuals or enterprises are shown, no individual rights or corporate rights are infringed upon.
2) The artists participating release the organizer of all liability claims by third parties concerning the violation of copyright issues mentioned in paragraph 1.
3) The organizer of the competition respects the image and exploitation rights of the participants. By submitting the works the participant guarantees the organizer to publish/ and use the images of the submitted works and to exhibit the works free of charge in the context of the competition and the following exhibition.
4) Submitted contributions and data are stored for the purposes of the competition. They will not be passed on to third parties. Participants who receive a prize money will be published on the web pages and social media channels of the organizer with their (artist) name and, if applicable, a web presence.
5) Post-submitted contributions can not be returned.
6) The legal process for the competition is excluded.
Data privacy agreement
Specified, personal participant data are stored, processed and used solely for the purpose of carrying out this competition and contacting the winners. This data is not passed on to third parties. Further information about the competition will be available to interested parties in the coming weeks on www.münzenbergforum.de.


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"This week we'll finish up features on the latest color stories spotted overseas in Paris, Milan and London – from separates to accessories, we'll have photos to inspire upcoming purchases or to encourage new looks created with items already in your wardrobe."
"Powdery pastel accessories in patent leather to washed canvas add a pivotal feminine detail to spring/summer dressing. We love butter yellow and tangerine to bubblegum and chambray in luscious leather to casual cotton for wedges to pumps and clutches to totes. Tortoise, brushed metallics, straw and natural leather details combine with pastels for a contemporary approach to this femme fetale look."