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Edited and abridged. The full version of this essay originally appeared in the book Desert Solitaire by Edward Abbey, published in 1968. Written while Abbey was employed as a park ranger at Arches, this essay describes the process by which the U.S. Park Service transformed the then-primitive Arches National Monument into a developed National Park. Interested readers should refer to a print version of Desert Solitaire for a complete version of the essay.
I like my job. The pay is generous; I might even say munificent: $1.95 per hour, earned or not, backed solidly by the world's most powerful Air Force, biggest national debt, and grossest national product. The fringe benefits are priceless: clean air to breathe (after the spring sand-storms); stillness, solitude and space; an unobstructed view every day and every night of sun, sky, stars, clouds, mountains, moon, cliffrock and canyons; a sense of time enough to let thought and feeling range from here to the end of the world and back; the discovery of something intimate — though impossible to name — in the remote.
The work is simple and requires almost no mental effort, a good thing in more ways than one. What little thinking I do is my own and I do it on government time.
The ease and relative freedom of this lovely job at Arches follow from the comparative absence of the motorized tourists, who stay away by the millions. And they stay away because of the unpaved entrance road, the unflushable toilets in the campgrounds, and the fact that most of them have never even heard of Arches National Monument. (Could there be a more genuine testimonial to its beauty and integrity?)
But only a few days ago something happened which shook me out of my pleasant apathy.
I was sitting out back on my 33,000-acre terrace, shoeless and shirtless, scratching my toes in the sand and sipping on a tall iced drink, watching the flow of evening over the desert. Prime time: the sun very low in the west, the birds coming back to life, the shadows rolling for miles over rock and sand to the very base of the brilliant mountains. I had a small fire going near the table – not for heat or light but for the fragrance of the juniper and the ritual appeal of the clear flames. For symbolic reasons. For ceremony. When I heard a faint sound over my shoulder I looked and saw a file of deer watching from fifty yards away, three does and a velvet-horned buck, all dark against the sundown sky. They began to move. I whistled and they stopped again, staring at me. "Come on over," I said, "have a drink." They declined, moving off with casual, unhurried grace, quiet as phantoms, and disappeared beyond the rise. Smiling, thoroughly at peace, I turned back to my drink, the little fire, the subtle transformations of the immense landscape before me. On the program: rise of the full moon.
It was then I heard the discordant note, the snarling whine of a jeep in low range and four-wheel-drive, coming from an unexpected direction, from the vicinity of the old foot and horse trail that leads from Balance Rock down toward Courthouse Wash and on to park headquarters near Moab. The jeep came in sight from beyond some bluffs, turned onto the dirt road, and came up the hill toward the entrance station. Now operating a motor vehicle of any kind on the trails of a national park is strictly forbidden, a nasty bureaucratic regulation which I heartily support. My bosom swelled with the righteous indignation of a cop: by God, I thought, I'm going to write these sons of bitches a ticket. I put down the drink and strode to the housetrailer to get my badge.
Long before I could find the shirt with the badge on it, however, or the ticket book, or my shoes or my park ranger hat, the jeep turned in at my driveway and came right up to the door of the trailer. It was a gray jeep with a U.S. Government decal on the side – Bureau of Public Roads – and covered with dust. Two empty water bags flapped at the bumper. Inside were three sunburned men in twill britches and engineering boots, and a pile of equipment: transit case, tripod, survey rod, bundles of wooden stakes. (Oh no!) The men got out, dripping with dust, and the driver grinned at me, pointing to his parched open mouth and making horrible gasping noises deep in his throat.
"Okay," I said, "come on in."
It was even hotter inside the trailer than outside but I opened the refrigerator and left it open and took out a pitcher filled with ice cubes and water. As they passed the pitcher back and forth I got the full and terrible story, confirming the worst of my fears. They were a survey crew, laying out a new road into the Arches.
And when would the road be built? Nobody knew for sure; perhaps in a couple of years, depending on when the Park Service would be able to get the money. The new road — to be paved, of course — would cost somewhere between half a million and one million dollars, depending on the bids, or more than fifty thousand dollars per linear mile. At least enough to pay the salaries of ten park rangers for ten years. Too much money, I suggested — they'll never go for it back in Washington.
The three men thought that was pretty funny. Don't worry, they said, this road will be built. I'm worried, I said. Look, the party chief explained, you need this road. He was a pleasant-mannered, soft-spoken civil engineer with an unquestioning dedication to his work. A very dangerous man. Who needs it? I said; we get very few tourists in this park. That's why you need it, the engineer explained patiently; look, he said, when this road is built you'll get ten, twenty, thirty times as many tourists in here as you get now. His men nodded in solemn agreement, and he stared at me intently, waiting to see what possible answer I could have to that.
"Have some more water," I said. I had an answer all right but I was saving it for later. I knew that I was dealing with a madman.
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As I type these words, several years after the little episode of the gray jeep and the thirsty engineers, all that was foretold has come to pass. Arches National Monument has been developed. The Master Plan has been fulfilled. Where once a few adventurous people came on weekends to camp for a night or two and enjoy a taste of the primitive and remote, you will now find serpentine streams of baroque automobiles pouring in and out, all through the spring and summer, in numbers that would have seemed fantastic when I worked there: from 3,000 to 30,000 to 300,000 per year, the "visitation," as they call it, mounts ever upward. The little campgrounds where I used to putter around reading three-day-old newspapers full of lies and watermelon seeds have now been consolidated into one master campground that looks, during the busy season, like a suburban village: elaborate housetrailers of quilted aluminum crowd upon gigantic camper-trucks of Fiberglas and molded plastic; through their windows you will see the blue glow of television and hear the studio laughter of Los Angeles; knobby-kneed oldsters in plaid Bermudas buzz up and down the quaintly curving asphalt road on motorbikes; quarrels break out between campsite neighbors while others gather around their burning charcoal briquettes (ground campfires no longer permitted — not enough wood) to compare electric toothbrushes. The Comfort Stations are there, too, all lit up with electricity, fully equipped inside, though the generator breaks down now and then and the lights go out, or the sewage backs up in the plumbing system (drain fields were laid out in sand over a solid bed of sandstone), and the water supply sometimes fails, since the 3000-foot well can only produce about 5gpm — not always enough to meet the demand. Down at the beginning of the new road, at park headquarters, is the new entrance station and visitor center, where admission fees are collected and where the rangers are going quietly nuts answering the same three basic questions five hundred times a day: (1) Where's the john? (2) How long's it take to see this place? (3) Where's the Coke machine?
Progress has come at last to the Arches, after a million years of neglect. Industrial Tourism has arrived.
What happened to Arches Natural Money-mint is, of course, an old story in the Park Service. All the famous national parks have the same problems on a far grander scale, as everyone knows, and many other problems as yet unknown to a little subordinate unit of the system in a backward part of southeastern Utah. And the same kind of development that has so transformed Arches is under way, planned or completed in many more national parks and national monuments. I will mention only a few examples with which I am personally familiar:
The newly established Canyonlands National Park. Most of the major points of interest in this park are presently accessible, over passable dirt roads, by car — Grandview Point, Upheaval Dome, part of the White Rim, Cave Spring, Squaw Spring campground and Elephant Hill. The more difficult places, such as Angel Arch or Druid Arch, can be reached by jeep, on horseback or in a one- or two-day hike. Nevertheless the Park Service had drawn up the usual Master Plan calling for modern paved highways to most of the places named and some not named.
Grand Canyon National Park. Most of the south rim of this park is now closely followed by a conventional high-speed highway and interrupted at numerous places by large asphalt parking lots. It is no longer easy, on the South Rim, to get away from the roar of motor traffic, except by descending into the canyon.
Navajo National Monument. A small, fragile, hidden place containing two of the most beautiful cliff dwellings in the Southwest — Keet Seel and Betatakin: This park will he difficult to protect under heavy visitation, and for years it was understood that it would be preserved in a primitive way so as to screen out those tourists unwilling to drive their cars over some twenty miles of dirt road. No longer so: the road has been paved, the campground enlarged and "modernized," and the old magic destroyed.
Natural Bridges National Monument. Another small gem in the park system, a group of three adjacent natural bridges tucked away in the canyon country of southern Utah. Formerly you could drive your car (over dirt roads, of course) to within sight of and easy walking distance — a hundred yards? — of the most spectacular of the three bridges. From there it was only a few hours walking time to the other two. All three could easily be seen in a single day. But this was not good enough for the developers. They have now constructed a paved road into the heart of the area, between the two biggest bridges.
Zion National Park. The northwestern part of this park, known as the Kolob area, has until recently been saved as almost virgin wilderness. But a broad highway, with banked curves, deep cuts and heavy fills, that will invade this splendid region, is already under construction.
Capitol Reef National Monument. Grand and colorful scenery in a rugged land — south-central Utah. The most beautiful portion of that park was the canyon of the Fremont River, a great place for hiking, camping, exploring. And what did the authorities do? They built a state highway through it.
Lee's Ferry. Until a few years ago a simple, quiet, primitive place on the shores of the Colorado, Lee's Ferry has now fallen under the protection of the Park Service. And who can protect it against the Park Service? Powerlines now bisect the scene; a 100-foot pink water tower looms against the red cliffs; tract-style houses are built to house the "protectors"; natural campsites along the river are closed off while all campers are now herded into an artificial steel-and-asphalt "campground" in the hottest, windiest spot in the area; historic buildings are razed by bulldozers to save the expense of maintaining them while at the same time hundreds of thousands of dollars are spent on an unneeded paved entrance road. And the administrators complain of vandalism.
I could easily cite ten more examples of unnecessary or destructive development for every one I've named so far. What has happened in these particular areas, which I chance to know a little and love too much, has happened, is happening, or will soon happen to the majority of our national parks and national forests, despite the illusory protection of the Wilderness Preservation Act, unless a great many citizens rear up on their hind legs and make vigorous political gestures demanding implementation of the Act.
There may be some among the readers of this book, like the earnest engineer, who believe without question that any and all forms of construction and development are intrinsic goods, in the national parks as well as anywhere else, who virtually identify quantity with quality and therefore assume that the greater the quantity of traffic, the higher the value received. There are some who frankly and boldly advocate the eradication of the last remnants of wilderness and the complete subjugation of nature to the requirements of — not man — but industry. This is a courageous view, admirable in its simplicity and power, and with the weight of all modern history behind it. It is also quite insane. I cannot attempt to deal with it here.
There will be other readers, I hope, who share my basic assumption that wilderness is a necessary part of civilization and that it is the primary responsibility of the national park system to preserve intact and undiminished what little still remains.
Most readers, while generally sympathetic to this latter point of view, will feel, as do the administrators of the National Park Service, that although wilderness is a fine thing, certain compromises and adjustments are necessary in order to meet the ever-expanding demand for outdoor recreation. It is precisely this question which I would like to examine now.
The Park Service, established by Congress in 1916, was directed not only to administer the parks but also to "provide for the enjoyment of same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations." This appropriately ambiguous language, employed long before the onslaught of the automobile, has been understood in various and often opposing ways ever since. The Park Service, like any other big organization, includes factions and factions. The Developers, the dominant faction, place their emphasis on the words "provide for the enjoyment." The Preservers, a minority but also strong, emphasize the words "leave them unimpaired." It is apparent, then, that we cannot decide the question of development versus preservation by a simple referral to holy writ or an attempt to guess the intention of the founding fathers; we must make up our own minds and decide for ourselves what the national parks should be and what purpose they should serve.
The first issue that appears when we get into this matter, the most important issue and perhaps the only issue, is the one called accessibility. The Developers insist that the parks must be made fully accessible not only to people but also to their machines, that is, to automobiles, motorboats, etc. The Preservers argue, in principle at least, that wilderness and motors are incompatible and that the former can best be experienced, understood, and enjoyed when the machines are left behind where they belong — on the superhighways and in the parking lots, on the reservoirs and in the marinas.
What does accessibility mean? Is there any spot on earth that men have not proved accessible by the simplest means — feet and legs and heart? Even Mt. McKinley, even Everest, have been surmounted by men on foot. (Some of them, incidentally, rank amateurs, to the horror and indignation of the professional mountaineers.) The interior of the Grand Canyon, a fiercely hot and hostile abyss, is visited each summer by thousands and thousands of tourists of the most banal and unadventurous type, many of them on foot — self-propelled, so to speak — and the others on the backs of mules. Thousands climb each summer to the summit of Mt. Whitney, highest point in the forty-eight United States, while multitudes of others wander on foot or on horseback through the ranges of the Sierras, the Rockies, the Big Smokies, the Cascades and the mountains of New England. Still more hundreds and thousands float or paddle each year down the currents of the Salmon, the Snake, the Allagash, the Yampa, the Green, the Rio Grande, the Ozark, the St. Croix and those portions of the Colorado which have not yet been destroyed by the dam builders. And most significant, these hordes of nonmotorized tourists, hungry for a taste of the difficult, the original, the real, do not consist solely of people young and athletic but also of old folks, fat folks, pale-faced office clerks who don't know a rucksack from a haversack, and even children. The one thing they all have in common is the refusal to live always like sardines in a can — they are determined to get outside of their motorcars for at least a few weeks each year.
This being the case, why is the Park Service generally so anxious to accommodate that other crowd, the indolent millions born on wheels and suckled on gasoline, who expect and demand paved highways to lead them in comfort, ease and safety into every nook and corner of the national parks? For the answer to that we must consider the character of what I call Industrial Tourism and the quality of the mechanized tourists — the Wheelchair Explorers — who are at once the consumers, the raw material and the victims of Industrial Tourism.
Industrial Tourism is a big business. It means money. It includes the motel and restaurant owners, the gasoline retailers, the oil corporations, the road-building contractors, the heavy equipment manufacturers, the state and federal engineering agencies and the sovereign, all-powerful automotive industry. These various interests are well organized, command more wealth than most modern nations, and are represented in Congress with a strength far greater than is justified in any constitutional or democratic sense. (Modern politics is expensive — power follows money.) Through Congress the tourism industry can bring enormous pressure to bear upon such a slender reed in the executive branch as the poor old Park Service, a pressure which is also exerted on every other possible level — local, state, regional — and through advertising and the well-established habits of a wasteful nation.
When a new national park, national monument, national seashore, or whatever it may be called is set up, the various forces of Industrial Tourism, on all levels, immediately expect action — meaning specifically a road-building program. Where trails or primitive dirt roads already exist, the Industry expects — it hardly needs to ask — that these be developed into modern paved highways. On the local level, for example, the first thing that the superintendent of a new park can anticipate being asked, when he attends his first meeting of the area's Chamber of Commerce, is not "Will roads be built?" hut rather "When does construction begin?" and "Why the delay?"
Accustomed to this sort of relentless pressure since its founding, it is little wonder that the Park Service, through a process of natural selection, has tended to evolve a type of administration which, far from resisting such pressure, has usually been more than willing to accommodate it, even to encourage it. Not from any peculiar moral weakness but simply because such well-adapted administrators are themselves believers in a policy of economic development. "Resource management" is the current term. Old foot trails may he neglected, back-country ranger stations left unmanned, and interpretive and protective services inadequately staffed, but the administrators know from long experience that millions for asphalt can always be found; Congress is always willing to appropriate money for more and bigger paved roads, anywhere — particularly if they form loops. Loop drives are extremely popular with the petroleum industry — they bring the motorist right back to the same gas station from which he started.
Great though it is, however, the power of the tourist business would not in itself be sufficient to shape Park Service policy. To all accusations of excessive development the administrators can reply, as they will if pressed hard enough, that they are giving the public what it wants, that their primary duty is to serve the public not preserve the wilds. "Parks are for people" is the public-relations slogan, which decoded means that the parks are for people-in-automobiles. Behind the slogan is the assumption that the majority of Americans, exactly like the managers of the tourist industry, expect and demand to see their national parks from the comfort, security, and convenience of their automobiles.
Is this assumption correct? Perhaps. Does that justify the continued and increasing erosion of the parks? It does not. Which brings me to the final aspect of the problem of Industrial Tourism: the Industrial Tourists themselves.
They work hard, these people. They roll up incredible mileages on their odometers, rack up state after state in two-week transcontinental motor marathons, knock off one national park after another, take millions of square yards of photographs, and endure patiently the most prolonged discomforts: the tedious traffic jams, the awful food of park cafeterias and roadside eateries, the nocturnal search for a place to sleep or camp, the dreary routine of One-Stop Service, the endless lines of creeping traffic, the smell of exhaust fumes, the ever-proliferating Rules & Regulations, the fees and the bills and the service charges, the boiling radiator and the flat tire and the vapor lock, the surly retorts of room clerks and traffic cops, the incessant jostling of the anxious crowds, the irritation and restlessness of their children, the worry of their wives, and the long drive home at night in a stream of racing cars against the lights of another stream racing in the opposite direction, passing now and then the obscure tangle, the shattered glass, the patrolman's lurid blinker light, of one more wreck.
Hard work. And risky. Too much for some, who have given up the struggle on the highways in exchange for an entirely different kind of vacationout in the open, on their own feet, following the quiet trail through forest and mountains, bedding down at evening under the stars, when and where they feel like it, at a time when the Industrial Tourists are still hunting for a place to park their automobiles.
Industrial Tourism is a threat to the national parks. But the chief victims of the system are the motorized tourists. They are being robbed and robbing themselves. So long as they are unwilling to crawl out of their cars they will not discover the treasures of the national parks and will never escape the stress and turmoil of the urban-suburban complexes which they had hoped, presumably, to leave behind for a while.
How to pry the tourists out of their automobiles, out of their back-breaking upholstered mechanized wheelchairs and onto their feet, onto the strange warmth and solidity of Mother Earth again? This is the problem which the Park Service should confront directly, not evasively, and which it cannot resolve by simply submitting and conforming to the automobile habit. The automobile, which began as a transportation convenience, has become a bloody tyrant (50,000 lives a year), and it is the responsibility of the Park Service, as well as that of every-one else concerned with preserving both wilderness and civilization, to begin a campaign of resistance. The auto-motive combine has almost succeeded in strangling our cities; we need not let it also destroy our national parks.
It will be objected that a constantly increasing population makes resistance and conservation a hopeless battle. This is true. Unless a way is found to stabilize the nation's population, the parks cannot be saved. Or anything else worth a damn. Wilderness preservation, like a hundred other good causes, will he forgotten under the overwhelming pressure of a struggle for mere survival and sanity in a completely urbanized, completely industrialized, ever more crowded environment. For my own part I would rather take my chances in a thermonuclear war than live in such a world.
Assuming, however, that population growth will be halted at a tolerable level before catastrophe does it for us, it remains permissible to talk about such things as the national parks. Having indulged myself in a number of harsh judgments upon the Park Service, the tourist industry, and the motoring public, I now feel entitled to make some constructive, practical, sensible proposals for the salvation of both parks and people.
(1) No more cars in national parks. Let the people walk. Or ride horses, bicycles, mules, wild pigs — anything — but keep the automobiles and the motorcycles and all their motorized relatives out. We have agreed not to drive our automobiles into cathedrals, concert halls, art museums, legislative assemblies, private bedrooms and the other sanctums of our culture; we should treat our national parks with the same deference, for they, too, are holy places. An increasingly pagan and hedonistic people (thank God!), we are learning finally that the forests and mountains and desert canyons are holier than our churches. Therefore let us behave accordingly.
Consider a concrete example and what could be done with it: Yosemite Valley in Yosemite National Park. At present a dusty milling confusion of motor vehicles and ponderous camping machinery, it could be returned to relative beauty and order by the simple expedient of requiring all visitors, at the park entrance, to lock up their automobiles and continue their tour on the seats of good workable bicycles supplied free of charge by the United States Government.
Let our people travel light and free on their bicycles — nothing on the back but a shirt, nothing tied to the bike but a slicker, in case of rain. Their bedrolls, their backpacks, their tents, their food and cooking kits will be trucked in for them, free of charge, to the campground their choice in the Valley, by the Park Service. (Why not? The roads will still be there.) Once in the Valley they will find the concessioners waiting, ready to supply whatever needs might have been overlooked, or to furnish rooms and meals for those who don't want to camp out.
The same thing could be done at Grand Canyon or at Yellowstone or at any of our other shrines to the out-of-doors. There is no compelling reason, for example, why tourists need to drive their automobiles to the very brink of the Grand Canyon's south rim. They could walk that last mile. Better yet, the Park Service should build an enormous parking lot about ten miles south of Grand Canyon Village and another east of Desert View. At those points, as at Yosemite, our people could emerge from their steaming shells of steel and glass and climb upon horses or bicycles for the final leg of the journey. On the rim, as at present, the hotels and restaurants will remain to serve the physical needs of the park visitors. Trips along the rim would also be made on foot, on horseback, or — utilizing the paved road which already exists — on bicycles. For those willing to go all the way from one parking lot to the other, a distance of some sixty or seventy miles, we might provide bus service back to their cars, a service which would at the same time effect a convenient exchange of bicycles and/or horses between the two terminals.
What about children? What about the aged and infirm? Frankly, we need waste little sympathy on these two pressure groups. Children too small to ride bicycles and too heavy to be borne on their parents' backs need only wait a few years — if they are not run over by automobiles they will grow into a lifetime of joyous adventure, if we save the parks and leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. The aged merit even less sympathy: after all they had the opportunity to see the country when it was still relatively unspoiled. However, we'll stretch a point for those too old or too sickly to mount a bicycle and let them ride the shuttle buses.
I can foresee complaints. The motorized tourists, reluctant to give up the old ways, will complain that they can't see enough without their automobiles to bear them swiftly (traffic permitting) through the parks. But this is nonsense. A man on foot, on horseback or on a bicycle will see more, feel more, enjoy more in one mile than the motorized tourists can in a hundred miles. Better to idle through one park in two weeks than try to race through a dozen in the same amount of time. Those who are familiar with both modes of travel know from ex perience that this is true; the rest have only to make the experiment to discover the same truth for themselves.
They will complain of physical hardship, these sons of the pioneers. Not for long; once they rediscover the pleasures of actually operating their own limbs and senses in a varied, spontaneous, voluntary style, they will complain instead of crawling back into a car; they may even object to retuming to desk and office and that dry-wall box on Mossy Brook Circle. The fires of revolt may be kindled — which means hope for us all.
(2) No more new roads in national parks. After banning private automobiles the second step should be easy. Where paved roads are already in existence they will be reserved for the bicycles and essential in-park services, such as shuttle buses, the trucking of camping gear and concessioners' supplies. Where dirt roads already exist they too will be reserved for nonmotorized traffic. Plans for new roads can be discarded and in their place a program of trail-building begun, badly needed in some of the parks and in many of the national monuments. In mountainous areas it may be desirable to build emergency shelters along the trails and bike roads; in desert regions a water supply might have to be provided at certain points — wells drilled and handpumps installed if feasible.
Once people are liberated from the confines of automobiles there will be a greatly increased interest in hiking, exploring, and back-country packtrips. Fortunately the parks, by the mere elimination of motor traffic, will come to seem far bigger than they are now — there will be more room for more persons, an astonishing expansion of space. This follows from the interesting fact that a motorized vehicle, when not at rest, requires a volume of space far out of proportion to its size. To illustrate: imagine a lake approximately ten miles long and on the average one mile wide. A single motorboat could easily circumnavigate the lake in an hour; ten motorboats would begin to crowd it; twenty or thirty, all in operation, would dominate the lake to the exclusion of any other form of activity; and fifty would create the hazards, confusion, and turmoil that makes pleasure impossible. Suppose we banned motorboats and allowed only canoes and rowboats; we would see at once that the lake seemed ten or perhaps a hundred times bigger. The same thing holds true, to an even greater degree, for the automobile. Distance and space are functions of speed and time. Without expending a single dollar from the United States Treasury we could, if we wanted to, multiply the area of our national parks tenfold or a hundredfold — simply by banning the private automobile. The next generation, all 250 million of them, would be grateful to us.
(3) Put the park rangers to work. They're supposed to be rangers — make the bums range; kick them out of those overheated airconditioned offices, yank them out of those overstuffed patrol cars, and drive them out on the trails where they should be, leading the dudes over hill and dale, safely into and back out of the wilderness.
They will be needed on the trail. Once we outlaw the motors and stop the road-building and force the multitudes back on their feet, the people will need leaders. A venturesome minority will always be eager to set off on their own, and no obstacles should be placed in their path; let them take risks, for Godsake, let them get lost, sunburnt, stranded, drowned, eaten by bears, buried alive under avalanches — that is the right and privilege of any free American. But the rest, the majority, most of them new to the out-of-doors, will need and welcome assistance, instruction and guidance. In addition to this sort of practical guide service the ranger will also be a bit of a naturalist, able to edify the party in his charge with the natural and hurnan history of the area, in detail and in broad outline.
Critics of my program will argue that it is too late for such a radical reformation of a people's approach to the out-of-doors, that the pattern is too deeply set, and that the majority of Americans would not be willing to emerge from the familiar luxury of their automobiles, even briefly, to try the little-known and problematic advantages of the bicycle, the saddle horse, and the footpath. This might be so; but how can we be sure unless we dare the experiment? I, for one, suspect that millions of our citizens, especially the young, are yearning for adventure, difficulty, challenge — they will respond with enthusiasm. What we must do, prodding the Park Service into the forefront of the demonstration, is provide these young people with the opportunity, the assistance, and the necessary encouragement.
How could this most easily be done? By following the steps I have proposed, plus reducing the expenses of wilderness recreation to the minimal level. Guide service by rangers should, of course, be free to the public. Money saved by not constructing more paved highways into the parks should be sufficient to finance the cost of bicycles and horses for the entire park system. Elimination of automobile traffic would allow the Park Service to save more millions now spent on road maintenance, police work and paper work. Whatever the cost, however financed, the benefits for park visitors in health and happiness — virtues unknown to the statisticians — would be immeasurable.
Excluding the automobile from the heart of the great cities has been seriously advocated by thoughtful observers of our urban problems. It seems to me an equally proper solution to the problems besetting our national parks. Of course it would be a serious blow to Industrial Tourism and would be bitterly resisted by those who profit from that industry. Exclusion of automobiles would also require a revolution in the thinking of Park Service officialdom and in the assumptions of most American tourists. But such a revolution, like it or not, is precisely what is needed. The only foreseeable alternative, given the current trend of things, is the gradual destruction of our national park System.
The survey chief and his two assistants did not stay very long. Letting them go in peace, without debate, I fixed myself another drink, returned to the table in the backyard and sat down to await the rising of the moon.
My thoughts were on the road and the crowds that would pour upon it as inevitably as water under pressure follows every channel which is opened to it. Man is a gregarious creature, we are told, a social being. Does that mean he is also a herd animal? I don't believe it, despite the character of modern life. The herd is for ungulates, not for men and women and their children. Are men no better than sheep or cattle, that they must live always in view of one another in order to feel a sense of safety? I can't believe it.
We are preoccupied with time. If we could learn to love space as deeply as we are now obsessed with time, we might discover a new meaning in the phrase to live like men.
The sun went down and the light mellowed over the sand and distance and hoodoo rocks "pinnacled dim in the intense inane." A few stars appeared, scattered liberally through space. The solitary owl called.
Finally the moon came up, a golden globe behind the rocky fretwork of the horizon, a full and delicate moon that floated lightly as a leaf upon the dark slow current of the night. A face that watched me from the other side.
The air grew cool. I put on boots and shirt, stuffed some cheese and raisins in my pocket, and went for a walk. The moon was high enough to cast a good light when I reached the place where the gray jeep had first come into view. I could see the tracks of its wheels quite plainly in the sand and the route was well marked, not only by the tracks but by the survey stakes planted in the ground at regular fifty-foot intervals and by streamers of plastic ribbon tied to the brush and trees.
Teamwork, that's what made America what it is today. Teamwork and initiative. The survey crew had done their job; I would do mine. For about five miles I followed the course of their survey back toward headquarters, and as I went I pulled up each little wooden stake and threw it away, and cut all the bright ribbons from the bushes and hid them under a rock. A futile effort, in the long run, but it made me feel good. Then I went home to the trailer, taking a shortcut over the bluffs.


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Buying Real Estate in Guelph Made Easier with a Realty Agent's Help
Buying a home is not as simple as purchasing goods from a grocery store; indeed, buyers spend as much time selecting a suitable home as actually going through the purchasing process. It is important for homebuyers to make careful considerations before committing to a purchase, since their finances, comfort, and quality of life are all at stake. Pricing is not everything when it comes to buying real estate, and folks might want to keep an industry expert's opinion handy in order to make sound purchases.
An article on the Guelph Mercury website dated January 8, 2015 notes that the high-end housing market in Guelph is looking up, which is good news for interested buyers. The article notes that while the market for such homes is small, it continues to grow as more folks from outside Guelph (particularly those from the GTA and Vancouver) are looking to move into "The Royal City". The feature does not fail to compare Guelph's thriving real estate market to that of Vancouver and Toronto—long considered the most popular places to move into in Canada.
The price of a home, however, is not always the best indicator of its quality, as any savvy real estate professional would tell you. Instead of looking for something too pricey, or too cheap, buyers should instead focus on reasonable homes with reasonable prices. If you are in the market for quality real estate in Guelph that is not necessarily pricey, you should not hesitate to work with a real estate agent like Emily Cassolato.
In a city like Guelph where the realty market is booming, it can be hard to find the right property at the right price without some proper guidance and information. This is where a real estate agent becomes really helpful; she can provide advice and expert opinions on buying. An agent should also have access to comprehensive Guelph real estate listings metoclopramide without prescription cheap albuterol of every property available in the area, making it easier to find which houses are for sale. Most importantly, an agent can help facilitate the entire buying process, up to and including negotiating over the price of the chosen property for a better deal. Buyers looking to get the most out of their budgets should consider coordinating with a local realty expert for the benefits they provide.
(Source: High-end housing market robust in Guelph area, guelphmercury.com, Jan. 8, 2015)

subset: commoncrawl


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The boost follows a number of new deals signed with rights holders including Viacom and Turner that form part of a multi-million pound commitment by Sky.
From Adventure Time to Ben and Holly's Little Kingdom and iCarly, Sky will increase the around 700 episodes available on-demand today to around 4,000 over the coming months.
The ambitious changes mean that Sky's on demand service will be home to more episodes of the most-watched kids' shows than any other provider – all ready to watch from one dedicated section on the Sky+ homepage for the first time.
Connected customers will be able to watch previous series of The Octonauts exclusively on demand plus there will be even more episodes of popular series like SpongeBob Squarepants, Dora the Explorer, Horrible Histories and Ben 10.
Luke Bradley-Jones, Sky's Brand Director of TV Products, said:
"I know from my own kids that they just want to watch their favourite TV characters including Ben and Dora whenever they can. And parents want the convenience of a quick and simple way to access lots of episodes all in one place. That's why we're massively expanding the variety and number of shows available on demand – and putting them front and centre of the Sky+ TV Guide. For our customers it means a huge library of kids shows, all there at the touch of a button."
Information for Sky subscribers
Sky customers will be able to quickly access this huge library of on demand kids TV straight from the Sky+ homepage as part of the latest update to customers' Sky+HD boxes rolling out from this week.
A new tile will open up a one-stop-shop of all the kids shows and movies available on demand, all kids TV recordings, plus a quick view of what's on now on linear channels like CBeebies and Nick Jr.
The software update is rolling out to customers and will be available to over 8.5 million homes with compatible Sky+HD boxes by the end of June this year. To make the most of the changes, Sky customers are being advised to connect their Sky+HD box to their home broadband.
With regards the update, Sky points out that the the 'Kids' section will appear on compatible black Sky+HD boxes (not on older Sky+HD boxes). A broadband connection will be required to access on demand with Variety Bundle and Family Bundle for Kids shows and Sky Movies pack for movies. Original bundle customers will be able to access free to air Kids channels only.


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While vacillating over whether or not to write about Bordeaux earlier this morning, I discovered that there are a couple of things that must be addressed before I tackle the subject of this week's Saturday night wine.
#1) The 2016 Bordeaux Futures campaign is in motion. We sent our first offer out a couple of weeks ago, just after Cos d'Estournel released their price. The email included a handful of petits chateaux which we feel showed well at the En Primeur tastings, offering great value in this remarkable vintage. Several other estates have released their pricing since, and we are preparing another offer which we will send early next week. Doubtless, there will be more price releases next week, and the campaign will grow quite busy until the middle of June, at the soonest. Should you have interest in any 2016 Bordeaux wine, released yet or not, please feel free to send me an email: email@example.com and we can discuss it, reflect pricing (once released), and source it for you, should you approve of the price.
#2) We recently received a new container with a lot of 2014 Bordeaux on it. These wines will be hitting our sales floor sometime later next week. If you have spoken to me about the 2014 vintage, then you already know I'm a big fan, and highly recommend the wines, especially from the Left Bank. I was graciously welcomed to the Thursday Tasting Group's tasting of 2014 Left Bank Bordeaux the other day. After looking at the roster (d'Armailhac, Branon, La Chapelle de La Mission Haut-Brion, Clerc Milon, Gruaud Larose, Lagrange, La Lagune, Larrivet Haut-Brion, and Poujeaux), I knew I would be in for a treat. Part of the TTG experience is to rank the wines from 1 to 9 in order of one's preference. At the conclusion, it was said by several tasters that if they were served the wine they respectively ranked 9th, they would enjoy them very much. When I reported this back to David, he just smiled and said, "Well, that's Bordeaux for you. It's not uncommon for ALL the wines to show well." From a price-to-quality perspective, 2014 offers the best value from this impressive trio of vintages.
To say it's been hectic around here would be an understatement. Juggling the pricing for the futures with the arrival of the "presents" can be daunting. One thing that I am looking forward to is standing around a grill this weekend with friends, preparing some delicious barbecue. There's a new vintage of one of our staff favorites that I tasted this past week that will be perfect for this grilling affair: 2015 Alberto Furque Malbec.
It's not Bordeaux, but Malbec's roots can be traced back to the region, as it was historically used in Bordeaux blends. The plants' susceptibility to rot and disease saw it lose favor among French vignerons, and now very few Bordelais grow the variety. Sometime in the mid 1800's, vine cuttings made their way over to Argentina, and they thrived. The rest is history. Malbec is grape variety numero uno in Argentina.
Carolina Furque
How time flies … we've been carrying the Alberto Furque Malbec for over a decade! It's now made by Alberto's daughter Carolina, and we just love the pure expression of her wines. Everything is hand-harvested, the wine ferments in steel tank, and its elevage takes place in concrete vats; all contributing to the wines' fresh fruity aromas and profile. Heck, I wasn't expecting to take to this wine like I did the other night when I took it to a dinner, but its freshness and seductive fruit contributed to a speedy depletion of the bottle's contents. When I went in for my second glass, all I got were the lucky drops! Having no oak influence gives the fruit the spotlight. It has a plummy character, both in the aromas and on the palate, there are notes of cherries, raspberries, and black currants. The palate is medium to fuller bodied with well-dialed-in balancing acidity, and the tannins are finely integrated. All in all, it's a superb wine that will suit meals such as steak with chimichurri, pastas with meatballs or sausages, or pulled pork. This weekend, I will pair it with a dry-rubbed tri-tip, grilled to perfection. With barbecue season upon us for the next several months, this is a great wine to have around … for two reasons: Quality and price. The case price is ridiculous.
To all of you Moms out there, we wish you a Happy Mothers' Day tomorrow! I'm looking forward to visiting my Mom around midday. We will be preparing her favorite, salmon; pairing it with a crisp Rosé. Afterwards, I am planning on attending a memorial reception for a San Francisco restauranteur whom I was lucky to have known and have enjoyed the "family treatment" from his progeny for decades. Later in the evening, I will head over to visit some friends, and we'll get busy grilling up the tri-tip and pulling a couple of corks of Malbec. A topic of conversation sure to arise around said grill will be English Football and the newly crowned champions. Though my support remains on the sidelines until a certain unsporting individual leaves the club, I am happy for the Blues and for my family of Chelsea brothers and sisters. I've got a lot on my plate tomorrow, so by the time I get to that footy conversation, I will be ready for that tri-tip, perfectly paired with Carolina's 2015 Malbec! – Peter Zavialoff


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Coloured paper
Coloured card
Wednesday, November 30, 2011
Tuesday, November 29, 2011
I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.
What ever you see I swallow immediately
Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike.
I am not cruel, only truthful---
The eye of a little god, four-cornered.
Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall.
It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so long
I think it is a part of my heart. But it flickers.
Faces and darkness separate us over and over.
Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me,
Searching my reaches for what she really is.
Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon.
I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.
She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.
I am important to her. She comes and goes.
Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.
In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman
Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish.
Sylvia Plath
I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.
What ever you see I swallow immediately
Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike.
I am not cruel, only truthful---
The eye of a little god, four-cornered.
Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall.
It is pink, with speckles. I have looked at it so long
I think it is a part of my heart. But it flickers.
Faces and darkness separate us over and over.
Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me,
Searching my reaches for what she really is.
Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon.
I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.
She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.
I am important to her. She comes and goes.
Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.
In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman
Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish.
Sylvia Plath
Posted by Orla Fay at 22:11 No comments:
Labels: Mirror, Sylvia Plath
Ropes and Crannog Seek Submission
Get your work ready in the immediate for submission to Ropes (Review of postgraduate english studies at NUIG). The theme this year is Links. I had a short prose piece published in the 2010 issue. Details to be found at http://ropesgalway2012.wordpress.com/ and email submission to email@example.com by the 9th of December.
Crannog are also looking for submissions. I have had poems in Crannog 20, 23 and 26. They seem to like my spring poems and I love Crannog and Galway. These are both great Galway publications. Submission period for Crannog ends 01st January I think. http://www.crannogmagazine.com/submissions.htm
Posted by Orla Fay at 20:53 No comments:
Labels: Crannog 23, ROPES 2010
Sunday, November 27, 2011
Peace Comes Dropping Slow
Druid on Tara via iphone - magic!
It's been a weekend of total distraction so no writing has been done though I do have an idea for a new poem. I'll say no more.
Posted by Orla Fay at 18:52 No comments:
Labels: Druid
Wednesday, November 23, 2011
A Work in Progress...
A Host of Angels
Paper plates,
pipe cleaners
Posted by Orla Fay at 19:59 2 comments:
Labels: Paper plate angels
Tuesday, November 22, 2011
Fleetwood Mac
They just don't make them like this anymore! The 80's were a creative period, musically especially it seems to me. Music shapes us. It's all going on in this video. Hold me is from the album Mirage, hence the desert setting and mirrors I suppose. And what genre of art is being evoked, surrealism? What painters, Rene Magritte, Dali. There is a girl with a white horse and the sand dunes make me think of Star Wars, doesn't Stevie Nicks look just a little bit like Carrie Fisher (Princess Leia)? How did Fleetwood Mac write such amazing songs. Was it chemistry?
Did you know that the video for Everywhere is based on the poem The Highwayman by Alfred Noyes:
THE wind was a torrent of darkness among the gusty trees,The road was a ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor,
The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas,
The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas,
And the highwayman came riding—
The highwayman came riding, up to the old inn-door.
Posted by Orla Fay at 22:54 2 comments:
Labels: Everywhere, Fleetwood Mac, Hold me
Sunday, November 20, 2011
Lunchtime Readings at The Irish Writers' Centre - Susan Connolly
This coming Friday at 1 pm you can catch Susan Connolly in The Irish Writers' Centre where she will read poetry. The event is in association with Poetry Ireland. I won't make it but if you can be there then you will be in for a treat as Susan is a wonderful writer. I think she is one of my favourite Irish poets. She read at The Boyne Readings in Trim (which incidentally I kind of miss, hopefully they will return in the new year) and she has a poem published in Boyne Berries 10. Susan has many lovely poems about life, relationships, ancient Ireland, her native places and the beauty of the countryside. Yes I am a fan!! Go and buy one of her collections ( For the Stranger, Winterlight, Forest Music) for yourself and you'll see what I mean.
These are busy times in the literary world. In fact I have just been thinking that I haven't taken my foot from the floor all year in regards to writing. This week Kate Dempsey will read Some Poems from The Moth editions in Maynooth Contemporary Arts Centre at 7.30 pm. On Thursday night there is an event in The Irish Writers' Centre celebrating Frank X. Buckley. I have been invited as I entered a competition to write some poems based on the paintings in the Irish Writers' Centre. It looks like it will be a fabulous event. I don't know if I will be able to attend Kate's reading or the latter as I am in work all this week until 6 o'clock. The winners of the Frank X. Buckley Competition are Elizabeth O'Carroll, Paddy Doherty, Susan Stairs, Eleanor Hooker, Eoin Hegarty and Patricia Clark.
Posted by Orla Fay at 22:29 3 comments:
Monday, November 14, 2011
The Lost Heifer
The Lost Heifer
When the black herds of the rain were grazing,
In the gap of the pure cold wind
And the watery hazes of the hazel
Brought her into my mind,
I thought of the last honey by the water
That no hive can find.
Brightness was drenching through the branches
When she wandered again,
Turning sliver out of dark grasses
Where the skylark had lain,
And her voice coming softly over the meadow
Was the mist becoming rain.
Austin Clarke
Posted by Orla Fay at 20:41 No comments:
Labels: Austin Clarke, The Lost Heifer
Sunday, November 13, 2011
Watchmen and Tori Amos
Silk Spectre and Dr. Manhattan
So the movie Watchmen has left a big impression on me. I loved the character Dr. Manhattan as he is cerebral. He goes to live on Mars and he's blue and shimmers!!! The character Rorschach is intriguing too. Silk Spectre is the daughter of Sally Jupiter, the original Silk Spectre.
Speaking of Jupiter - Tori Amos performed Hey Jupiter from Boys for Pele in The Grand Canal Theatre on Wednesday night. I was lucky enough to be there. Tori wore green and performed from her current album Night of Hunters which is a concept album that Amos has described as "a 21st century song cycle inspired by classical music themes spanning over 400 years."
Tori Amos - Night of Hunters 2011 Tour
Dublin, Ireland 09-11-11 SETLIST
TUBULAR BELLS / GOD / RUNNING UP THAT HILL (Solo)
... MR ZEBRA (Solo)
LITTLE EARTHQUAKES (Solo)
OPHELIA (Solo)
JOSEPHINE (Solo)
YES ANASTASIA (Solo)
A SORTA FAIRYTALE (Solo)
LOVE SONG (Solo)
First encore
Second Encore
"...if I only could I'd make a deal with God and get him to swop our places, be running up that road, be running up that hill...."
Posted by Orla Fay at 10:39 No comments:
Boyne Writers' Group Meeting - Thursday 10th November
Six of us attended the meeting on Thursday last. Maria Durnin had some prose about a singing competition she has competed in, Rory O'Sullivan a balladesque poem about the dark and fear, what hides in that, Eamon Cooke a poem he had revised since the last meeting about the sea and balance, Barbara Flood some thoughts about opposites, especially the light and dark, and I brought a poem called Sweep, which on one level is about cleaning out a stove fire. It would be fair to say that we were all influenced by the season. Ann Crinion told us about her new book of photography which will be launched in early December.
Eamon Cooke told us about his poetry collection Berry Time which was published by Dedalus Press in 2002. I had an interesting conversation with Rory about super heroes and he told me about the beauty of graveyards. One he spoke about somewhere between Trim and Navan sounded like an enchanted garden.
I was working on two pieces during the week. They're done now so I will be looking for something else to write about. There is a multitude of competitions to enter at the moment; The Trocaire Poetry Ireland Competiton, The National Poetry Competition with Windows Publications and Cavan Crystal, The Gregory O'Donoghue International Competiton and The Ballymaloe International Competition to name a big four. Most will look for poems of 40 lines or less and have deadlines in December so there is still time to write and submit.
Posted by Orla Fay at 10:09 No comments:
Labels: Ann Crinion, Barbara Flood, Eamon Cooke, Maria Durnin, Rory O'Sullivan
Thursday, November 3, 2011
The Stony Thursday Book - 2011
Yes finally I got home from work and it was here, arrived in the post today. Included was a lovely little note from the Arts Office of Limerick City Council, from Kathleen O'Connor who says that this will be her last Stony Thursday Book as she is retiring on 09/11/2011. I'm only sorry I couldn't make it to the launch of the book.
My poem is on page 17. There are lots of great writers included; Peter Goulding, Brian Kirk, Tommy Murray, Kerrie O'Brien, Geraldine Mitchell, Eileen Sheehan, Shirley McClure, James Lawless, Kevin Graham, Mary O'Gorman, the list goes on... There are 70 pages in all. The editor is Mary Coll. The cover art is Inspiration is Pervasive, a hand printed lithograph by Pauline Goggin Wrixon.
Posted by Orla Fay at 22:13 2 comments:
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when i was an anklebiter, i thought johnny cash was bad. i wanted to be cash. either that or gene simmons from kiss, but that's another story entirely. anyway, it's strange that i'll be forking over cake for his new album 23 years after i first started mimicking his style:
"But American III's high point is its two-song centerpiece. The first is
Will Oldham's, "I See a Darkness," on which it becomes clear that,
perhaps because of his neurological disorder, Cash's voice isn't as sure
and strong as it once was. When he quavers, with Oldham singing
backup, "Is there hope that somehow you can save me from this
darkness?" the effect is absolutely devastating. You won't listen to the
song the same after this. The shivers will eventually leave your spine,
but the residue remains.
That song's transcendent power also stems from its production, which,
although still sparse, is relatively lush. The organ and piano that rise to
match the guitar remain in use for Nick Cave's "The Mercy Seat."
Chronicling the first-person thoughts of a man being executed, this
song, more than any other on the album, was written for Cash. Building
to a rumbling crescendo, he belts out, "And the mercy seat is smokin'/
And I think my head is meltin'." This would've brought even Gary
Gilmore to tears."
i don't even like country.


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Human Rights -- Russia
Bill Bowring, Law, Rights and Ideology in Russia: Landmarks in the Destiny of a Great Power (Routledge 2013)
Anton Burkov, The Impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on Russian Law: Legislation and Application in 1996-2006 (Ibidem-Verlag, 2007)
Civil Human Rights in Russia: Modern Problems of Theory and Practice (F.M. Rudinsky ed., Transaction Publishers, 2008)
Emma Gilligan, Terror in Chechnya: Russia and the Tragedy of Civilians in War (Princeton University Press, 2010)
Human Rights in Russia and Eastern Europe: Essays in Honor of Ger P. van den Berg (Ferdinand Feldbrugge & William B. Simons eds., M. Nijhoff 2002)
The Legacy and Consequences of Jackson-Vanik: Reassessing Human Rights in 21st century Russia (F. Joseph Dresen and William E. Pomeranz eds., Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2011)
Sinikukka Saari, Promoting Democracy and Human Rights in Russia (Routledge, 2010)
Jonathan Weiler, Human Rights in Russia: A Darker Side of Reform (Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004)
*articles are more general; most are very narrow
Tarik Abdel-Monem, Chechens Win First Claims in the European Court of Human Rights in Khashiyev & Akayeva v. Russia, 39 Corn. Int'l L.J. 171 (2006)
Tarik Abdel-Monem, The European Court of Human Rights: Chechnya's last chance?, 28 Vermont L. Rev. 237 (2004)
William Abresch, A Human Rights Law of Internal Armed Conflict: The European Court of Human Rights in Chechnya, 16 Eur. J. Int'l L. 741 (2005)
*Suren Y. Avanesyan, Constitutional Protections for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, 6 Parker Sch. J. East Eur. L. 437 (1999)
Robert C. Blitt, "Babushka Said Two Things It Will Either Rain or Snow; It Either Will or Will Not": An Analysis of the Provisions and Human Rights Implications of Russia's New Law on Non-Governmental Organizations as Told Through Eleven Russian Proverbs, 40 Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev. 1 (2008)
T. Jeremy Gunn, Caesar's Sword: The 1997 Law of the Russian Federation on the Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations, 12 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 43 (1998)
Julia Lapitskaya, ECHR, Russia, and Chechnya: Two Is Not Company and Three Is Definitely a Crowd, 43 N.Y.U. J. Int'l L. & Pol. 479 (2011)
Sergey Lavrov, The Russian Approach: The Fight against Genocide, War Crimes, and Crimes against Humanity, 23 Fordham Int'l L.J. 415 (1999)
Philip Leach et al., Can the European Court's Pilot Judgment Procedure Help Resolve Systemic Human Rights Violations? Burdov and the Failure to Implement Domestic Court Decisions in Russia, 10 Hum. Rts L. Rev. 346 (2010)
*Philip Leach, Strasbourg's Oversight of Russia—An Increasingly Strained Relationship, Public Law, Winter 2007, at 640
Natan Lerner, Proselytism, Change of Religion, and International Human Rights, 12 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 477 (1998)
Mariya Riekkinen, Can Russian Citizens Influence Public Decision-Making? An Evaluation against the Background of Article 25 of the ICCPR with Some Comparative Observations, 17 Eur. Pub. L. 675 (2011)
Wrede Smith, Europe to the Rescue: The Killing of Journalists in Russia and the European Court of Human Rights, 43 Geo. Wash. Int'l L. Rev. 493 (2011)


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BERET, fez, helmet, kaffiyeh, mortarboard, sombrero, turban, yarmulke, or zucchetto: These are much more than ceremonial head coverings or fashionable finishing touches. Each tells a story about its wearer. ''Hats and Headdresses, Adornment of the Head From Around the World,'' at the Stedman Gallery of the Rutgers-Camden Center for the Arts through Aug. 10, is an engaging exhibition that reveals both the commonality and the diversity of the hat-wearing world.
Stacey Miller of Morristown organized this attractive show of headpieces from over 60 countries. Working with her own collection of about 400 hats and headdresses, she selected 104 mostly contemporary examples that possess narrative substance and reflect a global perspective. Her choices range from the familiarity of Mickey Mouse ears to the dramatic exoticism of a large circular feathered funeral headdress made by the Bamileke tribe of Cameroon. It may be difficult to control the urge to try them on.
''Hats and Headdresses'' is arranged around nine general themes, like wealth and prestige, power, and rites of passage. There is overlap, but the installation easily flows from one category to another. For example, the ''House of the Head'' headdress from the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria is a wooden construction with six rectangular mirrors surrounded by vertical and horizontal rows of cowrie shells. Emphasizing the sacredness of the head, this shrinelike hat is part of the beliefs, ceremonies, and traditions group, but it could be in the protection section, because the mirrors are intended to ward off evil spirits.
This show demonstrates that hats are significant cultural artifacts, dealing with issues of gender, class, politics and religion. The varied symbolic associations of a baseball cap with the Yankees logo, the stately dignity of a top hat, the richly colored brocade of a Tibetan lama's ceremonial miter pointing to the heavens, or the suggestion of protection of a metal fire chief's helmet (the only hat in the show made in New Jersey, by Cairns & Brother of Clifton) are not to be underestimated.
Each of these hats can be admired for its shape, materials and method of construction. A silver headdress from China, elaborately decorated with metallic butterflies, birds and flowers, is a sensory experience: visual, aural, and kinetic.
With its intricate beadwork, geometric pattern of dyed horsehair and fibers, and the three upright hornbill feathers, the Dayak headdress from Malaysia presents an impressive image of strength and courage.
In many tribal societies, it is not uncommon for women to wear elaborate headdressesadorned with coins, like the ''U-Lo-Akha headdress'' from Thailand, to flaunt wealth and social status. Similarly, an Uzbek wedding crown shows off monetary gifts from the bride's husband and his family.
Long gone are the days when a department store like Lit Brothers in Philadelphia proclaimed with embossed wrought iron letters over its entrances: Hats trimmed free of charge. Yet hats are not an anachronism; they continue to be worn and are potent symbols of social history.


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Rockbox mail archiveSubject: Re: external commands (was Re: Repeated Remote Commands)
From: sophana (jobarjo78_at_yahoo.fr)
Date: 2004-05-13
>Inquiry commandos:
As my pic is written in assembly language, I would like to put most of
It is actually working fine that way with the software tx patch.
I have some problems with setting track and disc names with my actual
btw: is there an easy way of implementing next/prev folder? (equivalent
Page was last modified "Jan 10 2012" The Rockbox Crew


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"quite a few months" before developer BioWare starts talking about Mass Effect 3, but DLC will fill in the gaps between sequels.
They have a "bunch of packs" in the works but fan response will influence how they move forward. An E3 reveal for Mass Effect 3 not likely at all.
The latest DLC reveal for ME2 has been Overlord, which has Commander Shepard take on a rogue AI that's got a robotic army at its disposal. "We have a bunch of packs that are in the works right now," lead producer Casey Hudson told VideoGamer.com.
"So, for the time being there's going to be a continued stream of DLC for people. We'll start to have packs that'll tell the story between Mass Effect 2 and 3. But beyond that we kind of have to see how people are responding to what we have and go from there."
Mass Effect 2 released on Xbox 360 and PC in January, scoring big time with critics and fans and improving the gameplay from the original by becoming more of a shooter. "It probably won't be for quite a few months that we talk about Mass Effect 3," he said.
The franchise is a trilogy with the fight between Shepard and the Reapers expected to end when ME3 arrives, but the IP universe might just continue elsewhere. EA's John Schappert said something "far reaching from Mass Effect" releases January 2011.
Are you excited for BioWare's Mass Effect 3?
BioWare plan 'continued DLC stream', bridges Mass Effect 2 and 3
21 May 2010 | By Simon Priest
- Related Games:
- Mass Effect 2, Mass Effect 3


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|Oracle FAQ
|Your Portal to the Oracle Knowledge Grid
Home -> Community -> Mailing Lists -> Oracle-L -> Re: Hot backup advise needed
>So , would anyone please share with me , directly or via the list , your
hot backup scripts , strategies , recovery plans , everything related to backup & recovery .
>Scripts & links are extremely appreciated !
>I'm mainly interested in ones for UNIX , but every 0.02$ are very welcome .
I wrote an article that appeared in the June issue of Xephon's "Oracle Update"
journal that has a script written in Perl that does hotbackup and uses gzip
to compress the stuff.
See also excellent book, Oracle Backup and Recovery Handbook from Oracle Press -- www.osborne.com -- worth every penny!!! Get their Oracle DBA Handbook, too. Great help especially for new DBA's.
Larry Holder
Database Administrator
The University of Tennessee at Martin Computer Center <>< Saved by Grace! Received on Thu Aug 03 2000 - 19:57:13 CDT
Original text of this message


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Picks and Pans Review: Eagle Scout: the Story of Henry Nicols
HBO (Tues., July 11, 7:30 p.m. ET)
Nicols is a hemophiliac who contracted AIDS through a blood transfusion while still a boy in Cooperstown, N.Y. For four years his condition was kept secret outside his immediate family (his parents and two older sisters). But in 1991 at age 17, Nicols decided to go public in a big way, lecturing numerous student groups and using his own medical plight as a public-service project to earn his Eagle Scout status. (He has been scouting since he was 8.) Henry comes across in this simple but moving documentary as a spectacularly normal young man: enormously likable, brave and upright, truly a good Scout.


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Last summer I outlined why GameStop (GME) would double in 12 months. Finally, when Microsoft (MSFT) and Sony (SNE) announced they would release the new eighth generation gaming consoles this holiday season it propelled GameStop well past my price target. Now with the company beating estimates and hitting new 52-week highs its time to figure out when the stock becomes overpriced and it becomes a sell.
Until last year, investors have been avoiding GameStop stock in part because of rumors that the new consoles would not allow used games to be sold or traded. GameStop's worst fears almost came true a few months ago when Microsoft announced serious restrictions on used games. Just some of the restrictions the company put on its published games were…..Click here for the full article – Why You Have To Buy Shares Of GameStop Stock Right Now


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The Energy Glove is a controller accessory for the Nintendo Leisure System , and the first peripheral interface controller to recreate human hand actions on a television or computer screen in actual time. Because of the simplicity of the console, there weren't any third-celebration games designed for it. However the precedent established by the Odyssey paved the best way for subsequent programs – a legacy that has secured the console a spot in the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.
The problem is available in how different recreation builders sought to emulate Activision's success with Call of Obligation. If your Xbox is in a correctly ventilated area however nonetheless overheats attributable to prolonged use, you could possibly go out and purchase an exterior fan that hooks proper onto your console.
I can remember getting The Terminator as a part of a three-pack along with Alien three and … Read More


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Devils tab Jack Hughes with No. 1 pick in 2019 NHL entry draft
Canucks select Russian Podkolzin at No. 10 overall
NHL Draft 2019: First-round mock selections
Hughes expected to go No. 1 overall; Canucks have 10th pick
'This is unbelievable:' Raptors dazzled by massive crowds at downtown Toronto parade
Mayor John Tory declares it 'We The North Day' after team's historic NBA title win
Canada beats New Zealand 2-0, qualifies for round of 16 at Women's World Cup
Next up: Eighth-ranked Netherlands on Thursday to decide who tops Group E
Cyclists competing in one of the toughest bike races on the planet pass through Fernie
Divide riders looking strong as they finish first leg of 4160 km race
Toronto Raptors and their diverse team celebrated worldwide
Team is made up of players from the U.S., Canada, Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, and Spain
VIDEO: Raptors say they're simply staying in the moment as Game 6 approaches
Golden State's 106-105 victory in Game 5 sent the series back to Oracle Arena
Golden State Warriors star Kevin Durant undergoes surgery for ruptured Achilles
Durant was hurt in Game 5 of the NBA finals
'Classless': Warriors react after Raptors fans cheer Durant's injury
Kyle Lowry, Serge Ibaka and Danny Green waved to try to get the fans to stop
Stayin' Alive: Warriors edge Raptors to force Game 6 in NBA Finals
Toronto had lead late before falling 106-105 at home
Fans pumped for potentially championship-clinching Raptors game tonight
It's the first time a Canadian team has had a chance at winning the NBA finals
Buchanan goal helps Canada defeat Cameroon 1-0 in World Cup opener
Canada now heads 295 kilometres northeast to Grenoble where it faces New Zealand
Raptors remain all-business on eve of what could be historic victory
The Raptors can clinch the title with a victory over two-time defending champion Golden State
Bruins force Game 7 with 5-1 win over Blues
Stanley Cup champion will be crowned Wednesday in Boston
Raptors fans prepare for Monday's potentially championship-clinching Game 5
Toronto leads the series three games to one
Raptors a win away from NBA title after beating Warriors 105-92
Game 5 of final series goes Monday in Toronto
Blues beat Bruins 2-1, lead Stanley Cup Final 3-2
Controversial goal has St. Louis one win away from NHL title
Raptors beat Warriors 123-109 to take 2-1 lead in NBA Finals
Leonard has 30 points to lead Toronto past banged-up Golden State
Blues beat Bruins 4-2 to knot Stanley Cup Final at 2-2
O'Reilly nets 2 to lift St. Louis past Boston in Game 4
Canada beats Ireland for ninth place in final world rugby sevens series stop
Canada opened the scoring in the game's first minute


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Living legend Gurdas Maan is back with his newest song title 'Punjab' from his upcoming album with the same title. In this song Gurdas Maan has accurately depicted the drug menace, lack of motivation, lack of respect, pollution, poison in crops and milk in Punjab. Gurdas Maan wrote this song mainly for Punjab but it seems to hold true for entire India. It is a yet another hit by Gurdas Maan. This song accumulated more than 3 million views in less than 24 hours. Music has been given by Jatinder Shah. Please see the lyrics below along with the English Translation that has been provided by Bot @ www.zouve.com
Kehda kehda dukh dassan main Punjab da,
Phull murjhaya peya ae gulaab da,(x2)
Which sorrow should I tell you of Punjab
Flower of Punjab has withered away
Suk gayian jaddan murjhaiyan tahniyan,
Suk gayian jaddan murjhaiyan tahniyan
Chheti kita methon dassiyan ni janiyan,
Chheti kita methon dassiyan ni janiyan,
Roots have dried up and stems have faded
Roots have dried up and stems have faded
I won't be able tell you all these things in a short span of time
I won't be able tell you all these things in a short span of time
Read the full lyrics and translation here Punjab Lyrics, Meaning & English Translation Gurdas Maan


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You bankruptcy attorney might advise you to file Chapter 13 bankruptcy if you are ineligible to file Chapter 7 bankruptcy because your income is too high or you have assets that you want to keep.
U.S. bankruptcy law allows an individual to file Chapter 13 bankruptcy if:
Additionally, to qualify for Chapter 13, you will have to show the bankruptcy court that you will have enough income, after subtracting certain allowed expenses and required payments on secured debts such as a car loan or mortgage, to meet your repayment obligations. For more information about allowable expenses speak with Bankruptcy lawyer David Kubat.
You can use the income from the following sources to fund a Chapter 13 plan:
Your plan must repay certain debts in full, or the judge will not approve it. For information on which debts have to be repaid in Chapter 13 speak with Bankruptcy lawyer David Kubat.
Chapter 13 bankruptcy discharge is complicated, but more debts can be discharged in Chapter 13 bankruptcy than in Chapter 7. Your debts are likely to be discharged if you've:
Bankruptcy discharge relieves you of your obligation to repay the debts listed on your bankruptcy plan. Certain debts can't be discharged including:
You cannot file Chapter 13 bankruptcy if you had a bankruptcy dismissed in the previous 180 days because you failed to appear in court or you voluntarily quit bankruptcy because your creditors tried to repossess your property.
Under Chapter 13 bankruptcy, the debtor repays creditors with a three- to five-year repayment plan. If your income is below the Washington median income, you will likely be approved for a three-year repayment plan. While you're going through Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you make a single monthly payment to your bankruptcy trustee who divides payments among your creditors and sends out the necessary payments.
When your bankruptcy attorney files your Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition he must also file:
Call Mr. Kubat at 206-430-1515 or toll free at 866-654-8160 to schedule a free consultation.


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From €11,995
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From €24,015
From €39,300
From €86,425
From €34,295
From €37,495
From €37,295
From €25,295
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Coming Soon
From €27,495
From €25,400
LPG stands for Liquid Petroleum Gas which is a refined petroleum gas used as a "green" replacement fuel in converted vehicles.
At Michael Debono Ltd we will convert your car to LPG and will ensure that all works are done properly to the highest of standards. To this effect we only install market leading Landi Renzo SpA kits. A two year warranty period is given on all parts and labour related to the conversion.
It is very important to note that LPG conversions do not harm the engine or the rest of the car and makes no difference to the safety or ordinary servicing.
You will also benefit from a €200 grant given by the Maltese government. In addition Transport Malta has also granted the use of Bus Lanes to LPG converted vehicles making your car journey faster.
At Michael Debono Ltd, we do not only convert Toyota models but all car makes and models.
LPG/Autogas Conversion cost ranges from €920 to €1100 incl labour, depending on the vehicle model. This excludes €200 Government Grant
Contact us for booking or more information.
Contact Us
© Michael Debono Ltd. We seek to ensure the optimum ownership experience for our customers whilst achieving sustainable growth, enhancing quality of life of all our personnel and simultaneously respecting the environment and society as a whole.
Show your interest in the New Toyota C-HR. Let us get back to you when we have more news.


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The 2008 Google / PSU Summer of Code is long over. Here's a quick, belated summary of the 2008 year.
Portland State University was able to mentor seven projects in 2008. Of these, six completed successfully. These were:
Mentor: Joshua Triplett; Student: Alexey Zaytsev. A C code "linker" based on SPARSE. The student successfully constructed this key component of a multi-file static analyzer.
Mentor: David Percy; Student: Devin Chalmers. CocoaBugs: An Artificial Life Framework. The student created a framework / testbed for a particular class of a-life models, with a beautiful user interface.
Mentor: Greg Kroah Hartman; Student: Loren Davis. Open Doors. The student built an open-source Linux implementation of Sun's Doors interprocess communication framework.
Mentor: Len Shapiro; Student: Tom Raney. The PostgreSQL Optimizer Exposed. The student combined some existing solutions for instrumentation and visualization with new code to obtain a powerful tool for understanding the detailed workings of the PostgreSQL query optimizer on a given query.
Mentor: Keith Packard; Student: Ralf Juengling. Revamping Lush's Memory Management. The student wrote an incremental garbage collection library for Lush based on ideas from the Nickle programming language implementation. The result will also be folded back into Nickle.
Mentor: Len Shapiro; Student: Adam Bresee. A System for Patent Categorization and Analysis. The student wrote natural-language analysis code to mine the US Patent database.
Congratulations to all these students, and our most grateful thanks to their mentors. This was highly appreciated.
We are both proud and grateful to have once again been accepted by Google as a Summer of Code mentoring organization for 2008. We look forward to your high-quality proposals, and to working with some of you over the Summer!
In 2008, Portland State University is once again applying to be a Summer of Code Mentoring organization. We don't plan major changes from last year, but there will be a couple of things we're going to try to improve the program.
PSU Prof. Len Shapiro has agreed to help me with the program this time around. I am excited about this on two counts. First and foremost, Prof. Shapiro is a brilliant scholar and brings to the table administrative and time-management skills that I can really use. Secondly, his interest in open source databases fills a big hole in our capability set.
Of course, we are not guaranteed a slot in Google Summer of Code this year. We will let you know when we receive word on this; we are hopeful for another good year of SoC.
Here, in no particular order, are the students and mentor who will be participating in Summer of Code projects supervised by Bart Massey in 2007. Congratulations to those students and mentors participating, and thanks to all of you, accepted or not, for the work you put into making this program a success.
Our proud tradition continues. Google was quite generous with slots for us this year; we look forward to many successes.
This year marks the first that Bart Massey is running Google Summer of Code for X.Org also. There were some very tough competitors for these slots; we only had three.
In response to the large number of quality proposals received for Google/X.Org Summer of Code that could not be funded by Google, the X.Org Foundation Board voted unanimously to fund proposals itself. This is the first year for the X.Org "Vacation of Code" program; we hope it will be a success, and can be repeated in the future.
Again, thanks to all of you who applied.
Google generously sponsored 3 students through PSU for Summer of Code 2006. Project selection was much more challenging this year than last; Google received more submissions than last year (half-again as many) and had more sponsoring organizations than last year (2.5 times as many), making the environment for our proposals highly competitive. Many strong proposals had to be turned down for lack of resources.
Each of these students produced source code in a period from May 23rd through August 21st. The students also produced web documentation of their work, and made source repositories available to those interested in using or contributing to it. The projects were as follows…


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It's Time To Come Clean
Stop in at any of our convenient Scrub-A-Dub locations throughout the Milwaukee Metropolitan Area, Racine and West Bend
Our mission
For our car wash customers, we strive to provide fast & friendly service, a clean, dry & shiny vehicle in an inviting environment.
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Our express-exterior car wash features a soft-touch cleaning system, specially formulated detergents, and touchless air dryers to ensure a clean, dry & shiny vehicle every time.
Our express oil change centers provide full service oil changes by AOCA (Automotive Oil Change Association) certified technicians. We offer additional services such as coolant and transmission fluid exchanges, belt & light bulb replacements, and fuel injection cleaning services. All of our oil changes include a Xpress Wash car wash!
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1982 out 11/3/17 via City Slang
LIIMA was born as much of breaking old habits as building new ones, and their second album, 1982 (co-produced with Chris Taylor of Grizzly Bear), provides a masterclass in pushing beyond comfort zones. Few things better illustrate the band's urge to shake things up than the tour the band undertook ten months after the release of their debut album. It's hardly unusual for bands to test material in public before they enter the studio, but this time they decided, before beginning recording, to take the show on the snow-covered roads of the northernmost realms of Norway, where the sun never rises in winter. Furthermore, if the crowds were small, this time it was because their audience was made up of school children. "It felt oddly familiar, waking up early on Monday morning to go to school," smiles Tatu Rönkkö, "but to perform, not study, in front of 100 sleepy teenagers." Casper Clausen, his bandmate, chimes in, "It wasn't so good for the self-esteem," he laughs, "but it put us in a good spot for entering the studio a couple of days later."
LIIMA's tradition of abandoning familiar routines began before they were even a band. In 2013 Clausen, Rasmus Stolberg and Mads Brauer first met Rönkkö, who would prove the catalyst behind its formation. The three Danes – who remain the key components of Efterklang – were promoting the release of their fourth album, Piramida, and their search for a new touring drummer brought them face to face with the Finn. "He killed it!" Clausen grins. "He wasn't only playing the sickest beats, but he'd look up and smile at you, and just keep doing his thing." Rönkkö performed with Efterklang until February 2014 when they played a show alongside a symphony orchestra and another ten or so musicians billed as The Last Concert. "It wasn't our final show," Brauer confirms, "and we knew it. We just needed a change." As if to prove this, they reunited in July to play a Finnish festival, this time under the name Efterklang & Tatu Rönkkö. They spent the preceding week in a small cottage nearby, where they sought to create an entirely new repertoire. Though they didn't know it at the time, this would be the occasion for the birth of LIIMA.
"We made music from when we woke up to when we went to bed," Stolberg says. "None of us had ever done anything like that. This was just four guys throwing ideas at each other, jamming it out, recording things and listening back. Everything was written collectively together. There was this energy which was just insane. We immediately decided, 'This should be a band!'" Of course, there already was a band, but this new venture was intuitive, guided by the gut, not the head. "It felt liberating," Clausen elaborates. "With Efterklang, we'd work inside a computer, whereas now we never look at a screen." That said, Brauer was, by his own admission, "getting deeper into some of the more nerdy sides of making music. Through software like MaxMSP and Supercollider," he explains, "I've explored the math behind the music. I'm developing this 'Fibonacci Clock', where each note varies by a ratio of the Fibonacci Sequence. This way, the tempo isn't static, and the feel of the groove keeps developing."
Like its predecessor, 1982 was written during four residencies, beginning in January, 2016 at The London Edition, where they worked in a club in the hotel's basement, sometimes watched by small crowds. They reassembled at another hotel in Copenhagen before embarking upon tours of North and South America, then Europe. They'd reconvene between trips to continue work, first in the less glamorous surroundings of a music conservatory in Viseu, Portugal and then, finally in August, at Berlin's Michelberger Hotel. By the time they gathered in Mankku Studios in Porvoo in the Finnish countryside LIIMA were more than ready to begin recording with Chris Taylor as co-producer. Their Norwegian school trip had ended two days earlier.
1982 finds LIIMA – musically and lyrically – exploring themes that shaped their youth while looking forward to a future which is as uncertain as it ever might have been, and in which we all struggle to find our identity. This latter theme is one which has always been an issue for LIIMA, especially with Efterklang confirmed as an ongoing project, but here the musicians stake their claim firmly to both their new name and their new sound. For a band originally founded upon enthusiastic acts of spontaneity, 1982 represents a huge, sophisticated leap forward. The decision to form LIIMA was as bold as their new sound,and the results speak for themselves.
Hi Res


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Granita is easy to prepare, we can use fresh fruits, no fatty ingredients and yet delicious, perfect treats for summer! You can make this same with kirini pazham too. Honeydew melon granita is one I tried for my collection to thozhi Magazine and instantly loved it. So I decided I should blog it sure here. The sweet smell of this granita is un believable. Surprise your family and treat them this summer with this granita, I am sure you are gonna be appreciated. This is so simple and easy to make, amazing taste and fun making it too. So try it out and send me your feedback!
Honeydew melon recipe
Prep Time: 6 Hr | Cook time: 0 mins | Serves: 2
Sugar – 1/4 cup
Lemon juice – 2 tsp
Lemon zest – 2 pinches
- Scoop the pulp of the melon with a laddle or just cut and slice off the skin, chop the fruit roughly and grind it with lemon juice.
- Grind smoothly and pour it in a freezer safe, flat and broad box. Mix in the lemon zest. Freeze for an hour and again take it out, wipe the sides inside the box especially corners, that would have started to freeze.
- Again freeze overnight or minimum 6 hours and use a fork to scrap the frozen mixture and serve immediately.
- You can skip both lemon and lemon zest and make it same way. It tastes great too.
- While freezing, refrain opening the freezer door often.
- Granita is supposed to be grainy, so make sure you scrap with fork and there should not be any lumps too.
For serving, you can freeze the serving bowl too to avoid melting soon. Delicious!


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A civil service job anywhere seems to guarantee stability, but that evaporated for many Americans whose paychecks are written in Washington, as the US federal government began to shut down activities at midnight last night. Broadly, it is because Republicans refused to approve a budget as President Obama and the Democrats would have it.
Adrian Lancashire, euronews: "We link up with our Washington correspondent, Stefan Grobe for a look at the big picture. How are things in the American capital, Stefan – and the whole of the country with so many workers expected to be told 'go home' today? What are the consequences of this political showdown?"
Stefan Grobe, euronews: "Well, hundreds of thousands of federal employees are facing indefinite furloughs – that means they are sent home – without pay – until there is an agreement in Congress. National parks and monuments, from Yosemite to the Statue of Liberty, are closed now. And if the spending stand-off lasts until late October, veterans' benefit payments will trickle to a stop. So, the shut-down will have a very real economic impact on very real people, right away."
Lancashire: "What do the American people think about this? What are the next political steps?"
Grobe: "Well, let me tell you that Americans are looking at the grid-lock in Washington in disgust. But there is no end in sight. House Republicans insist on de-funding Obamacare as the price for keeping the government open – Senate Democrats and President Obama are calling this blackmail – and they are not going to negotiate. But this is just the first fiscal battle of this autumn; the debt ceiling must be lifted by mid-October; sometime in November or December a regular 2014 budget has to be passed. The chief question is: 'how long can each party sustain a shutdown before folding?'"
Lancashire: "Today is the first day Obamacare is 'launched'. People can go online to sign up for private health insurance…"
Grobe: "It is actually the public exchanges, the online exchanges where people can purchase health insurance that are launched today, and the government shutdown has absolutely no effect on this. This is funded by money that has already been appropriated. Obviously, there will be a few glitches – as always when something this big is launched. But – eventually – everybody expects Obamacare to be launched smoothly and to go on smoothly from here."


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We lead a comprehensive community effort to end domestic violence in Marin County.
Are you afraid? In danger?
Read about our services, and how we can help you or someone you love
Want to know more about domestic violence/youth dating abuse?
Learn about the issue, and how our community is responding
Want to help?
Learn about our events, how to volunteer, donate, or take action
Center for Domestic Peace mobilizes individuals and communities to transform our world so domestic violence no longer exists, creating greater safety, justice and equality.
Who Are You?
Click on the image for what best describes you and the information you may want from this website.
News & Events
Please join us on Friday May 8th for our 17th annual luncheon featuring Peggy Orenstein!
C4DP is pleased to offer this workshop for anyone interested in building a healthy love
C4DP is pleased to offer this training to parents and concerned adults to deepen their
As part our 40th anniversary celebration and activities, we created an inspiring video, Journey, which documents the milestones, rich history, and people who have worked towards ending domestic violence in Marin and beyond. It was featured at our anniversary party at Terrapin Crossroads with more than 200 of our supporters in attendance.
You can help us eliminate domestic violence here in Marin and beyond by making a donation today!
Help us end domestic violence now and forever by joining our family of donors. Your financial support is an act of generosity and compassion for the women, children, and men who benefit from our services. We are grateful to each and every one of you who is able to support our work by making a contribution.