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Difference between revisions of "Bugzilla"
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[http://www.waze.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=879587#p879587 forum discussion]
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Revision as of 04:21, 28 August 2014Template:ToDelete
|This page should probably not be delted, instead left in place, with the content removed. It should be replaced with a short text simply stating that Waze no longer uses Bugzilla, and if possible the name or a link to the current bug tracker Waze is using. PesachZ 03:25, 28 August 2014 (UTC)
Bugzilla is an external issue tracking system used internally by Waze technical teams.
The Waze installation of Bugzilla is partially open to the community with different access level permissions in order to make the status of bugs and feature requests visible. Read the general Bugzilla/FAQ for more general questions.
There are two classifications in which the items are organized:
- Internal - accessible to Waze staff only
- Public - accessible to all with different permission levels
Most items will be in the public area, but some will be restricted and visible to staff only. This is sometimes necessary due to privacy and security concerns.
Each classification contains two products - the general Waze client and services, and the Waze Map Editor.
View only
Anyone can access and see all of the public bugs with no need to login. Internally, some of the comments are marked private for staff only, but the rest of the details are publicly visible.
Comment & Vote
- At this time, only the following will be eligible for a login:
- Local / Global champs
- Experts / Coordinators
- Editor / App beta-testers
The users in this permission level have the right to vote on 25 items they think are the most critical, and to add comments with additional information about bugs and features.
Bug Submitters
Bug Submitters have permission to post new bugs and are hand-picked by the Waze staff.
General guidelines
- For those who can vote, please focus on the most pressing issues that need to be addressed. This is going to be the best method to express community concerns. The Waze team will consider the vote count and try to prioritize the overall development to take this into consideration. While there are other items to consider in allocating development resources (business needs, infrastructure issues, other dependencies), the votes are important to the Waze team.
If you have the appropriate permission level, you are welcome to provide more information using the commenting system.
- Bugs - ways to reproduce them, description of environments in which they occur, examples.
- Requirements - specific use cases which are difficult to perform with the current implementation.
Please refrain from adding irrelevant information such as off-topic discussion, reproduction of other issues, requests, opinions, social interaction, etc. These things should be discussed in the forums.
Before asking the Waze experts to open a new bug report, please verify that it hasn't been already reported using the Bugzilla search tools covered in the Bugzilla how to guide.
Public Products
The following products are covered in the Waze Bugzilla:
Map Editor Bugzilla
These guidelines are specific to the map editor product.
Issue types
The Issue Type field says whether an issue is Bug or Requirement. Bug means something that should already work but is not working correctly, a requirement means a feature we'd like to see implemented.
Priority ratings
Priority Rating is the ranking Waze uses to prioritize what issues get attention first. The scale is 1-1000 with 1000 meaning "we're-not-going-to-sleep-until-it's-done," and 1 is maybe-someday. The priority is set according to all the considerations Waze must take into account for the development team, and may change the priority as other conditions change.
Status Workflow
The Waze team will change the status from one setting to another depending on the following conditions:
- Text - A simple change of text in the UI - will be addressed according to severity and rank
- Beta - Will be fixed by next beta build
- Current - Will be fixed by an upcoming official version release
- Next - Will be fixed by the next official version release
- Future - No current ETA for fix
- UNCONFIRMED - All initial reports start with this status. It stays here until the Waze team does an initial review of the report.
- CONFIRMED - The report is understood and/or can be reproduced.
- NEED INFO - The Waze team was unable to reproduce the report with the information provided.
- IN PROGRESS - The report is currently being worked.
- RESOLVED - The issue has been fixed or developed and should be deployed in the beta environment shortly
- VERIFIED - Problems reports no longer reoccur after deployment and new features are working as designed.
- PRODUCT - The feature will be added to the product in the near future.
Build number
When submitting a bug, it is important to note what was the active editor sub-version the bug was identified in. In the beta editor you can see the currently deployed version in the top left corner. v1.2-32 means version 1.2, and the build number is 32.
How to use Bugzilla
Please refer to the Bugzilla/Guide for detailed information.


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Great New York Times rant today about the total PITA that some spoiled guests have turned into these days. If you're someone who loves to cook and to entertain, there are few things more annoying and depressing than the hand-flapping dictum "We don't eat…", preceding a princess-y list some people now subject their hosts to before deigning to eat a free meal lovingly prepared.
A few months ago, which really put us off our game for a while afterward, we prepared a terrific salmon recipe from Gourmet. "We don't eat fish," the 30-ish married couple, she a friend since she was once of my students years earlier, announced as they sat down. Um, well, that's actually what's for dinner. Eat more vegetables and bread, slurp down a little extra wine, and deal.
Your host/ess has worked long and hard, happily, to make an evening s/he hopes will be pleasant and convivial. Turning up your nose at those efforts is just plain rude.
We had a slightly older couple over for dinner this weekend for the first time, always a slightly nervous endeavor these days in light of such fussiness. I asked my standard question before planning the menu about their food allergies or really strong food dislikes. "We eat everything," she said. And, bless 'em, including seconds, they did.

subset: commoncrawl


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Joining NATO and the EU are high priorities for Bosnia: Emir Poljo Ambassador to Norway
Editor in Chief of The Oslo Times Mr. Hatef Mokhtar with the Ambassador of Bosnia – Herzegovina at the Embassy in Oslo, Norway.
Exclusive Interview with the Honorable Ambassador of Bosnia–Herzegovina to Norway, Mr Emir Poljo
First of all, The Oslo Times (TOT) is honored and privileged to be able to have this session with you. We really appreciate you for managing time amidst your busy schedule for us and our readers worldwide, who would be reading this interview as we publish it on our website.
Our first question to you is:
TOT: Bosnia–Herzegovina has come a long way from its tumultuous beginning after the dissolution of Yugoslavia followed by the bloody Bosnian War. Shedding its communist past, it started a journey on the path of democracy and set its sights on greater involvement with the international community adopting policies and agendas accordingly. How far do you think the country has been successful in acting within the democratic political framework? Going a little back, was this transition from communism to democracy in the best interest of the common people, and if so, how?
Ambassador: First I would like to thank you for this opportunity to speak for this prestigious media. I would like to congratulate for your efforts to promote the universal values of freedom, peace and democracy, through your media. Now let me answer to your question.
Fall of the Berlin Wall in autumn 1989 signaled the end of the ideology of single-mindedness at the world political scene and awakened the hope of many people who have been victims of political mindedness which we recognize as communism. It was a historical process of world-wide politics and my country did not, nor it was able to influence the development of these events. My country was naturally affected by these changes. Freedom and democracy are awaited with enthusiasm among the people of my country. Bosnia and Herzegovina just like other countries, in these new circumstances demanded its place on political scene. Unfortunately, as is well known, Bosnia paid the highes price of change. Today, we can say that the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina like majority of people in the world is enjoying fruits of freedom that they have voted for. Price was expensive and infinitely costly, but between slavery and freedom we have chosen freedom, and today we are proud of it. Peace, freedom and democratic values that is heritage of our society for 17 years now are the greatest benefit enjoyed by the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
TOT: What are the major challenges that politicians of Bosnia–Herzegovina had faced, and are still facing, in their bid to make the country more democratically vibrant and adopt pro-people policies befitting a sovereign nation?
Ambassador: Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in transition. This process of transition undergone by many countries of the Eastern bloc in the case of my country takes place more slowly. The reason for this is that the consequences of the war brought with it many material as well as spiritual harm. Consistent implementation of the peace agreement (Dayton Peace Accord), dealing with the consequences of the war, the preservation of peace and reconciliation among the nations, the transition from the state and public property to private owned properties and the setup of a market economy are some of the most pressing challenges that leadership of my country is facing. In addition to all those elements mentioned above the biggest challenge is also how to overcome the consequences of the global economic crises that is affecting my country as well.
TOT: Bosnia–Herzegovina is a potential candidate for the membership of the European Union and has been a candidate for NATO membership since April 2010. In your opinion, what are the major areas of development in which the country has made significant strides bolstering its confidence to apply for the memberships?
Ambassador: BiH is today recognized as a modern European country that is trying to meet as soon as possible all the necessary requirements for become a member of two respectable global alliances such as NATO and the EU. We are half way gone in achiving those goals. The same proces are undergoing the other states of Former Yugoslavija, and Croatia will this summer become a member of EU. In a case of my country the greatest success of all this effort lies in the fact that there is full political consensus of all the political actors regarding our way to EU and NATO. This is very important in the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina having in mind its demographic structure of the population. Joining NATO and the EU are the main priorities of our foreign policy.
TOT: How far do you think the country has been on the track after becoming a member-state of the Council of Europe in 2002 and consecutively the founding member of the Mediterranean Union in 2008?
Ambassador: Our membership in these organizations will confirm the commitment of my country to be equal and active member of the European Union and the Mediterranean Union, since geopolitically we belong to both. It will also confirm that we are ready to share the same European democratic values with the other member states of EU. Membership in the Mediterranean Union is part of our commitment to develop regional cooperation and thus contribute to improving the overall bilateral relations between the countries of the region.
TOT: Bosnia–Herzegovina has come a long way since its independence in 1992 and is now being looked at as one of the strategically important countries in the region, paving the way for forming and deepening strategic cooperation with various power blocs including NATO.
a.) After NATO's recognition of Bosnia as a potential candidate for its membership, how does the country plan to carry forward relations with the western military alliance and what benefits can it achieve in the process?
b.) If Bosnia becomes a full-fledged NATO member, will it have any effect on the relations with Russia and other erstwhile countries of the Soviet bloc?
Ambassador: Well you've noticed it correctly. Bosnia is one of the strategically most important countries in the Western Balkans. As result of this we are putting all our efforts in our primer political interest and priority of the first category and that is peace. Peace is needed for every citizen of Bosnia, of the Western Balkans, of Europe and the World. Because of the known historical circumstances this part of the world deserves the establishment of such political relationships and alliances that will guarantee the long-term, stable and lasting peace. This is not only important for Bosnia but for the region as a whole. NATO is not only military but also political alliance because most of the countries of the European Union are also member states of the NATO alliance. Interests and goals are identical, and they are to provide a sustainable, long-lasting and stable peace. Given the fact that this region geopolitically belongs to Europe, it is understandable why we are moving towards European integration. In addition to all this, I have to be honest with you and to let you know that my country in order to achieve this goal needs support and help of international community. It is important to underline the fact that we want to build a partnership with NATO, because we believe that we can contribute to the peace in the world together with other member states. The fact that our troops are already participating in peacekeeping missions around the world, proves our willingness to contribute. Also, I'm quite sure that this will not affect our very good relations with Russia and other former Eastern bloc countries. We do not want to compromise our good relationship with East but to further develop good relationship with West as well as with East. In addition to all this, I wonder who would not want peace in Bosnia and in the Balkans, the peace that brings every kind of prosperity and well-being?!?
TOT: Bosnia–Herzegovina has successfully resolved nearly all its territorial disputes with the neighboring countries, but there are still deep-seated ethnic tensions with Croatia, Slovenia, and Serbia, particularly with Serbia, with whom its diplomatic relations are still sensitive.
a.) So what are the reservations that Bosnia–Herzegovina seeks for its ethnicities in these countries to dial down the tensions?
b.) How much progress has been made in establishing diplomatic relations with these countries which were once parts of a greater conglomeration called Yugoslavia?
Ambassador: Unfortunately, it is not possible to objectively answer this question in a few sentences. I would like to emphasize that the establishment of long-term stable and good bilateral relations with our neighboring countries, particularly Croatia and Serbia, is as important priority, as it is our effort to join the EU and NATO. Simply there is future without resolving all outstanding issues with Croatia and especially with Serbia. I think that there is no need to elaborate all this. These goals we are trying to achieve both bilaterally and multilaterally through various forms of regional cooperation. We have achieved a lot until today and we can be happy with that. For almost two decades we have resolved the issue of communication, where we have a free flow of people, goods and capital. All this is a prerequisite for our good relations. We have also signed many bilateral agreements which resolved many fundamental political and economic issues of our bilateral relations. Every day these relations are getting better.
It's hard to build a future when the past keeps reminding you. Our main difficulties are related to our recent and unfortunate past. There are still a lot of prejudices about what has happened, what is true and what is not. However, we try to rely on a single phrase which reads:" If we can not agree about our past, we have to agree about our future". To conclude all this, when it is up to our relations with Croatia and Serbia, my country always gives priority to political dialogue that contributes to peace and reconciliation between our people, based of equality among states. Having in mind all sacrifice that people in Bosnia and Herzegovina went through, and in particular the Bosniac nation in Bosnia, we are particularly sensitive when someone in any way is questioning our sacrifice. We will never allow anyone to question the price of peace and freedom that our citizens have paid with their lives, and which we now enjoy in Bosnia.
TOT: Bosnia–Herzegovina has growing bilateral relations with Norway. What are the areas of interests in which the country seeks cooperation from Norway?
Ambassador: Our bilateral relations with Norway, especially political relationship, are on a very high level. There are no outstanding issues between our two countries. In particular we are grateful for all support and effort that they are providing us with in order for us to join NATO as soon as possible. As an important member of NATO, Norway's contribution is of particular importance for us.
The concrete support of Norway during the war reflected the great humanitarian assistance, and after war period Norway helped us in reconstruction of country's infrastructure, and even today they are helping us in various forms of establishing democratic institutions and in reform of local government.
On the other hand, we must not forget 15 000 BiH citizens who are living in Norway today. They are all on daily bases through their work contributing to our friendly relationship with Norway, since they are loyal to Norway and they are obeying lows of this country. Today, both sides work hard to improve our economic relationship and there are many opportunities, especially in the field of tourism, energy sector, wood and metal industries.
TOT: After the collapse of Yugoslavia, Bosnia–Herzegovina suffered one of the bloodiest armed conflicts in the human history that saw thousands of innocent people killed and nearly a million displaced. With this background in perspective, how do you think the Bosnians see the developments taking place in Syria, Congo, Mali and Afghanistan where thousands of people are being killed and millions being displaced within their own homelands?
Ambassador: I wish that my country never had the experience that you mentioned. My country and its people understand very well the tragedy through which the people of those countries in a war that you are mentioning are going through. Unfortunately, the list of countries where are brutally violated basic human rights is much longer. We as individuals unfortunately can not do much but to sympathize with them. Of course, through our multilateral diplomatic activity we are trying to contribute to the establishment of peace in all the countries where it is needed. Today, small and weak states are not the key factor in establishing peace in the world. Throughout history and even today, it was always a privilege of the great powers. Today, as it was the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is a lack of political will of those big powers to resolve these conflicts, where civilians are the one suffering the most. I will never understand people who do not learn from the past, especially the tragic past. Apparently they are forgetting the universal ethical rule that happiness of one can never be build on the misfortune of other. But it's not the first time that politics and morality have little in common.
TOT: Your country practices a unique system of presidential democracy in which each of the three ethnic communities gets an eight-month term to represent and govern the country.
a.) How far do you think this unique model of power-sharing has been successful in maintaining peace and harmony in the country?
b.) What are the other steps that the government of Bosnia has taken to improve the democratic ambience in the country and ensure further representation of the communities in policymaking?
Ambassador: I must remind you that the entire political, constitutional, legal, administrative and electoral system of Bosnia and Herzegovina is product of the Peace Agreement which was signed in November 1995. years in the U.S. military airport base the Right-Paterson at Dayton, Ohio and which is today known as the "Dayton Peace Agreement". Since the day it was signed until today, during those 17 years it succeeded to establish and maintain peace in Bosnia. This was the biggest result but not the only one. We have built democratic institutions to guarantee respect for fundamental human rights and democratic values in the country. We have to admit that Bosnia has unique constitution in the world. Today, many people in the country and also in the international community believe that this agreement gave its maximum, and that it now in some ways prevents faster integration of country into the global political and economic trends. The biggest problem with Dayton Agreement is huge bureaucratic apparatus that could not be handled by many even more developed countries in the world. Besides being a big burden on the economic development of the country, it also makes states institutions dysfunctional. We are currently looking for solutions to this situation. Having in mind the sensitivity of the problem, in order to solve this, it will be necessary to provide full political consensus of all parties signatory to the Dayton Peace Agreement.
TOT: The country is divided into two entities including the Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the former enjoying a near sovereign structural framework of governance and diplomacy.
a.) What are the areas where the national government plans for more integration of the two entities?
b.) And does the presence of this unmanned/unarmed boundary line called IEBL (Inter-Entity Boundary Line) has still any relevance or importance in the lives of general people of the country?
Ambassador: For the integration of the two entities the state government (Council of Ministers ) is in charge. Council of Ministers is consisting of nine ministries, out of which the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Security, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Justice are the most important. Of course, in addition to all this we also have cooperation on lower level of power, between the entity governments, that are correct and very successful. Boarder between the two entities has no effect on the life of the common man and it only has the administrative importance. These relationship between entities confirms that there is a will to build a better future of Bosnia and Herzegovina, state of two entities and one District, state of three constituent people, Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats.
TOT: a.) The European Union is going through its worst economic downturn at the moment. How far has the crisis, which affected almost all major regional economies, affected Bosnia–Herzegovina which has the aspiration to become a part of the economic bloc?
b.) What are the challenges being faced by the country at the moment?
c.) How does Bosnia–Herzegovina see the future of the EU, with the downturn casting a shadow of doubt on its very practicability? Why does the country still wish to be a part of it in spite of the odds?
Ambassador: Undoubtedly the poor economic conditions in the euro area had a strong negative impact on the economic development of countries in the region therefore in Bosnia as well. The biggest challenges that today the governments of the Western Balkans are facing is the economic crisis. It reflects the slower overall economic growth, in increasing poverty and unemployment rates, it reduced foreign investments and of course it affected the repayment of the total external debt that grows each year. My Government at the moment is taking all necessary measures in order to some extent alleviated the consequences of this economic crisis. Those measures are mainly reflected in the reduction of costs in the public sector, the regular payment of taxes, public works through the opening of foreign direct investment and the creation of a better business environment for the creation of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Regardless of all deficiency, we see no alternative to the EU Integrations. Although the European Union is facing a lot of problems, we continue to believe that the value offered by the European model is far greater than the disadvantages that this community is facing nowadays, and we strongly believe that EU will overcome all those problems.
TOT: The freedom of press has over the years become the major focus of many international organizations and some of them have raised their concerns about the situation in the Balkan countries as well. How will you rate the condition of press freedom in Bosnia–Herzegovina?
Ambassador: When it comes to freedom of the press and media in Bosnia and Herzegovina, we can be proud that the establishment of a multi political party system brought freedom of media to high level. However it is different question whether these media or press is independent and whether they are professional in your work? It is a question that applies to each country. I believe that the countries that are extremely burdened by the economic crisis are also facing an unprofessional and dependent media. Given that the "media" also have to live out of something, meaning that they need some kind of income, often in times of crisis they must comply with certain political or economic lobbies, and therefore they work against the basic principles and codes of free journalism. In this circumstances they are even more contributing to crises. Reports of these media are generally accompanied by personal rather than general interests of society. Unfortunately, in my country the situation is not much better. But I am convinced that the online media revolution will change this attitude and encourage positive competition. Your example is the best proof of it, where with few resources one can defend universal values of journalism and create trust among readers. Once again I congratulate you on that.
TOT: Bosnia is a country created and divided on ethnic lines and is currently being run from two capitals by two distinct ethnic governments. Add to these the recently formed multiethnic, decentralized enclave of Brčko District.
Do you think that the two capital cities of Sarajevo and Banja Luka with the recent addition of the third one, with varying types and degrees of representation, are any hindrance in the way of development and policy reformation of the country?
Ambassador: Allow me to correct you here. Bosnia and Herzegovina is an internationally recognized and sovereign state and as such there is only one capital city, and that is Sarajevo. Therefore there is no single reason for the rivalry between Sarajevo and Banja Luka, and Brcko frame embedded in the Dayton Peace Agreement. However, within the country we have two ongoing interconnected parallel processes of integration. One occurs in the internal (local) level, which is reflected in the cooperation of state and entity institutions that establish coordination mechanisms for negotiations with European partners and the other for the Euro-Atlantic integration, which are reflected in the fulfillment of all the conditions that result from these negotiations. This process, although it is sometimes slow, unstoppable is going toward his goal.
TOT: The human rights situation in Bosnia-Herzegovina has been a constant concern for the international community and major regional groupings and progressive alliances. Can you please enlighten us on the existing HR situations in your country? And also, what steps did the government take to improve the condition of human rights and ensure individual freedom for all the citizens?
Ambassador: When we want to talk about this important issue, we must always bear in mind the historical facts of the recent past that faced my country. The problem with this part of the world was, and still is, a problem of democracy. In the last hundred years the Balkans had no luck with democracy, or should we say that democracy had no luck with Balkans. Just a little more than two decades ago people in Bosnia and Herzegovina have experienced the roughest way of violations of human rights. In the past war in Bosnia human life worth very little. Tragedy struck wide areas of the former Yugoslavia, and Bosnia was the epicenter of this earthquake. The massive violations of human rights occurred in Bosnia. Even so, today I want to point out that Bosnia and Herzegovina as a signatory to all international and European conventions and declarations, that interpret the human rights principle reaffirms its strong commitment to obey the rule of law in regard of Human rights, not only in theory but also in practice. So far we have built almost all the democratic institutions that deal with the issue of human rights. In addition, one of the basic conditions for the integration of Bosnia into European and international associations is meeting all standards, which include respect for human rights. We have only one verdict made by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg to implement. Once we do this we will automatically become a candidate for the European Union. It is the matter of date when will this issue be resolved. In a country that has a unique legal and political system, which is in the process of transition, burdened at the same time by wartime past as it was in Bosnia, highly affected by the economic crisis it is hard to expect that the human rights would be at high level. Human rights are of universal significance, and as such can and should be the subject of constant public criticism. The state of human rights in my country is not at the level where we would like it to be, but it is not behind the neighboring countries in the region eather. All the basic human rights are guaranteed by our constitution. In particular we are very satisfied when it comes to respect for basic political and economic rights and freedom of media. Unfortunately, I think that economic crisis, poverty and high unemployment rate in Bosnia are the main reason that the social rights are not at the level where it should be. There is still a large room for the improvement of each of these rights, and it is a daily task of law enforcement officials in BiH.
TOT: The Republika Srpska practices a "regulatory guillotine" which means that it takes only a few days to register a business there, whereas in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina it often takes several months to do so.
Why this difference when both entities are being run in the light of a common policy framework?
Ambassador: One of the main prerequisites for a quick economic recovery is a common and unified economic space within BiH. The differences that you've noticed must be deleted. This is all the result of the current situation in the country, and not the orientation of the policies implemented by the Council of Ministers.
TOT: What is the message you would like to give to the global readership of The Oslo Times as a reprehensive of your country?
My country today is more and more attractive for tourists from all over the world and therefore I would like to call upon your readers to visit my country and to get first hand experience about Bosnia. Bosnia is particularly rich with historical and cultural heritage; it has a beautiful nature and friendly people well known for their hospitality. When we talk about Bosnia and Herzegovina, it means that we are talking about two worlds – the East and the West. It is a country that for centuries is located at the crossroad of civilizations. Many say that Sarajevo is European Jerusalem in miniature. In the old part of city of Sarajevo, in a small area, just within 200 meters for five centuries stands old temples of four well known monotheistic religions: the Mosque, the Cathedral, an Orthodox church and a Synagogue. Today there are more and more of those who see Bosnia and Herzegovina as a modern democratic state, that is marching towards a better European future, and putting its recent tragic past behind. Welcome to Bosnia and Herzegovina!
Thank you for sharing your views with 'The Oslo Times'. We wish you and your country all the best in the days to come!
The Oslo Times – All Rights Reserved.


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Every winter, as icy winds whip sleet around the yard, gardeners long for spring and the chance to try new things. But "new" — the most powerful word in the plant business — can be tricky.
Many a plant trumpeted as "new" is not significantly different or better than older varieties. Often what is new again is old: Heirloom varieties return from obscurity with interesting stories, or native species scorned for centuries get new respect. A plant doesn't need to be a new variety to be new to you; no gardener's life is long enough to try all the species and varieties the world already has to offer. But sometimes innovative hybrids do bring something new to the table.
Here is just a sampling of the plants that offer something new or interesting for your garden this year. It is not possible in January to know where you will be able to buy them all, but many will be widely available in garden centers. For others, there is a single source. All plants listed are appropriate for the Chicago-area growing region.
Prince Charming Solomon's seal (Polygonatum "Prince Charming"): Less than a foot tall, with soft, silvery blue-green foliage and arching stems of white spring flowers that become deep blue berries, this naturally occurring hybrid of the native species is an excellent perennial ground cover for shade and part shade. Selected by Brent Horvath of Intrinsic Perennial Gardens in Hebron, and introduced by the Chicagoland Grows program in select garden centers and catalogs this spring. chicagolandgrows.org
Double Take Orange Storm quince (Chaenomeles speciosa "Orange Storm"): Extravagantly ruffled flame-orange flowers on a new cultivar of an old-fashioned shrub are a spectacular contrast to the cool pastels of spring bulbs. Comes in pink- and red-blooming versions too. Should be widely available from Proven Winners Color Choice Flowering Shrubs. provenwinners.com or colorchoiceplants.com
Sunshine Daydream rose (Rosa "Meikanaro"): This butter-yellow grandiflora rose — with tall, sturdy stems and abundant blooms — was honored by All-America Rose Selections (rose.org) in part because, unlike most roses in the traditional classes, it proved relatively disease resistant without spraying. It will need winter protection in the Chicago region. Full sun. Should be widely available from Conard-Pyle Co./Star Roses. conard-pyle.com
Fringed prairie crab apple (Malus ioensis forma fimbriata): Roselike scalloped double pink flowers cover this 1931 A.D. Slavin selection of an Illinois native small tree. Roy Klehm of Song Sparrow Farm in Avalon, Wis., retrieved the variety by propagating cuttings from a single specimen in his yard. It's resistant to apple scab, but susceptible to cedar apple rust, so don't plant it near junipers. songsparrow.com
"Faerie" watermelon: The 8-inch-long, 4- to 6-pound fruits may have startling yellow skin, but the flesh is pink and sweet with few seeds. Bred by Known-You Seed Co. and chosen for 2012 by All-America Selections, this is a relatively compact plant, for a watermelon — meaning that the vines spread only about 11 feet. Should be widely available. aaswinners.com
"Emmy" heirloom tomato: This kind of back story gives heirlooms so much of their appeal: The seeds of a Transylvanian variety were saved by a Hungarian refugee from post-World War II Romania, who gave them to an American couple then living in Germany, who took them home to Oregon and grew the tomatoes for years before donating seeds to Seed Savers Exchange in Iowa. Bright yellow flesh with intense flavor; indeterminate. seedsavers.org
Wheee! hosta (Hosta "Wheee!"): It's the giddy ripples in the leaves that make this white-edged hosta so much fun. Grows to about 18 inches wide; lavender flowers in midsummer. Shade to part shade. Should be widely available from Proven Winners.
Under the Sea Langostino coleus (Coleus "Langostino"): Squint and it's a shrimp. Just one of the remarkably amusing Under the Sea collection of coleus, including other cultivars with names like Bone Fish, Hermit Crab and Lime Shrimp — whose wildly colored, even more wildly indented leaves really do evoke creatures that might swim by if you were snorkeling on a coral reef. From Raker & Sons' Hort Couture line, available at many independent garden centers. hortcoutureplants.com
Wasabi coleus (Coleus "Wasabi"): Plant this annual for its electric-green leaves in part sun to shade and stand back: It's amazingly vigorous. Pinch frequently to keep it in bounds. A Simply Beautiful plant from Ball Floraplant that should be widely available. simplybeautifulgardens.com
New line of natives
They're not new plants — far from it, but rather, a new-from-old brand: Wholesale grower Midwest Groundcovers has taken over The Natural Garden in St. Charles, a site of pilgrimage early in the native-plant movement.
The nursery no longer sells retail, but its local-genotype native species, such as jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum), have been preserved and are now being marketed as Natural Garden Natives through Chicago-area garden centers, beginning with The Growing Place in Aurora and Naperville (thegrowingplace.com).
Every winter, as icy winds whip sleet around the yard, gardeners long for spring and the chance to try new things. But "new" — the most powerful word in the plant business — can be tricky.


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Hydrangea Cupcakes
Hydrangea bushes are in full bloom all over my neighborhood right now. I love all varieties of hydrangeas, but my favorite is this traditional shaped, blue-purple color. I picked a few this weekend and brought them inside as inspiration for cupcakes. I've seen cupcakes that resembled hydrangea flowers before, but I've never given it a try. It was much easier than I'd imagined and I was very happy with the results!
Hydrangea Cupcakes
~ Directions ~
I made a batch of my favorite chocolate cupcakes and delicious vanilla cream cheese frosting. Then I colored half of the frosting blue, and half purple (mixing a few shades of blues and purples to get a good color match to the real hydrangeas). When making the frosting, use very little cream (less than 1 tablespoon), because the coloring will add some liquid, and you need the frosting to be pretty stiff to hold a nice shape.
If you'd like to match other hydrangeas, you could certainly use other color options, like light blue and medium blue, or two shades of pink. But I do think that frosting these with two colors (instead of just one) really added to the effect.
I filled my piping bag with the two colors of frosting, side by side. Once your bag is filled (1/2 to 2/3 full), you may want to just squeeze some frosting into a bowl, until you see both colors coming out.
Then, using a Wilton 2D tip (a large closed star tip), I piped large, loose star shapes around the edge of the cupcake, and then filled in the center. If the frosting starts getting too soft (no longer holds a nice shape), then put the whole bag of frosting in the fridge for 15-20 minutes to let the frosting to firm up a bit.
Now I want to plan a pretty tea party just so I can make these again!


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Emmanuel Dunand / AFP - Getty Images
Republican Presidential candidate Mitt Romney talks to supporters calling for donations during a storm relief campaign event to help people who suffered from hurricane Sandy, in Kettering, Ohio, on Oct. 30, 2012.
KETTERING, OH — Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney collected donated supplies for hurricane victims on the East Coast on Tuesday, while urging supporters to give money to the Red Cross at a hastily arranged "relief event" in Ohio.
"Thank you for your help and your generosity," Romney told supporters, as he stood on a table surrounded by donated goods, at the location of a planned campaign rally this morning. "If you have a little extra, if you have more canned goods, bring them along to our victory centers that are open. But also if you can write a check to American Red Cross that's welcome as well. We're looking for all the help we can get for all the families in need."
Romney had been scheduled to hold a full-fledged campaign rally in this same building until late yesterday, when the campaign said it was scrapping Romney's political calendar as Hurricane Sandy approached the East Coast. Monday night, the campaign announced this morning's event was back on, but the focus would be storm relief — with Romney making no formal remarks, and no political agenda attached.
Attendees were asked by the campaign to bring donations of non-perishable goods, which are to be trucked to a Red Cross office in Sewell, NJ — or to give to the red cross directly.
Gov. Mitt Romney attended a storm relief event in Ohio, urging supporters to "make the difference in the life of one or two people" by donating goods to benefit the victims of Superstorm Sandy.
Romney's remarks were indeed without a political focus, with no direct mention of the election now just one week away, or of President Barack Obama or any specific campaign issue. After speaking and packing boxes, Romney and Ohio Sen. Rob Portman helped load the donated supplies into a truck for shipment, ignoring questions about whether he planned to tour storm damaged areas, and on his views of the future of FEMA.
Despite effort to the contrary, no political event can be entirely apolitical in late October of an election year, and some trappings of a rally remained here. Romney's long biographical video played once, well before Romney arrived at the venue, and outside the arena vendors sold buttons and hats to attendees as they left.
Mandy Hess, an administrative assistant at a medical office in Kettering who attended the event with her teenage son, said she wasn't bothered by the hint of politics mixed in with the relief effort.
"It's letting you know who he is as a person and what his roots are, and that people and family are what's important to him so I think that ties into the relief effort," Hess said.
The GOP nominee himself kept his focus on the storm victims, and tried to strike an uplifting tone, telling supporters that their effort, however small in the grand scheme of things, would matter.
"I know that one of the things I've learned in life is you make the difference you can," Romney said. "And you can't always solve all the problems yourself, but you can make the difference in the life of one or two people as a result of one or two people making an effort."
The campaign resumes in full force Wednesday, with Romney planning three rallies in Florida, while his vice presidential nominee Paul Ryan hits the trail in Wisconsin.


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Do you mean to tell me this is like new information we're just finding out, and that leather laces, veggie died leather laces, which the parrot world has been using for bird toys all these years, saying it's bird safe, is not safe after all, and should not be used?
Another factor is whether or not your bird is ingesting it, or just chewing it up and spitting it out and just preening it.
The website link you provided is very helping, I'm printing it out. Yes, please verify with your vet on
Is sisal safe?
What about leather laces?
And what about Hemp rope?
And what about Paulie rope?
Supreme cotton rope
And jute
Her site at a glance thus far does help clarify about the ingesting (swallowing):
"When these fibres are chewed and **swallowed**, they commonly lead to blockages in the ventriculus (stomach) or crop."
It will get people thinking, "well what about the little tiny fibers that come off of them, when they're only just preening or chewing on these stringing materials, but not swallowing them? Can it still result in build up over time which could risk blockages?"


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R.H. Stafford Library (Woodbury)
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The Newest Oprah Book Club 2016 Selection
From prize-winning, bestselling author Colson Whitehead, a magnificent tour de force chronicling a young slave's adventures as she makes a desperate bid for freedom in the antebellum South
Cora is a slave on a cotton plantation in Georgia. Life is hell for all the slaves, but especially bad for Cora; an outcast even among her fellow Africans, she is coming into womanhood--where even greater pain awaits. When Caesar, a recent arrival from Virginia, tells her about the Underground Railroad, they decide to take a terrifying risk and escape. Matters do not go as planned--Cora kills a young white boy who tries to capture her. Though they manage to find a station and head north, they are being hunted.
In Whitehead's ingenious conception, the Underground Railroad is no mere metaphor--engineers and conductors operate a secret network of tracks and tunnels beneath the Southern soil. Cora and Caesar's first stop is South Carolina, in a city that initially seems like a haven. But the city's placid surface masks an insidious scheme designed for its black denizens. And even worse: Ridgeway, the relentless slave catcher, is close on their heels. Forced to flee again, Cora embarks on a harrowing flight, state by state, seeking true freedom.
Like the protagonist of Gulliver's Travels, Cora encounters different worlds at each stage of her journey--hers is an odyssey through time as well as space. As Whitehead brilliantly re-creates the unique terrors for black people in the pre-Civil War era, his narrative seamlessly weaves the saga of America from the brutal importation of Africans to the unfulfilled promises of the present day. The Underground Railroad is at once a kinetic adventure tale of one woman's ferocious will to escape the horrors of bondage and a shattering, powerful meditation on the history we all share.
Author Notes
Colson Whitehead was born on November 6, 1969. He graduated from Harvard College and worked at the Village Voice writing reviews of television, books, and music.
His first novel, The Intuitionist, won the Quality Paperback Book Club's New Voices Award. His other books include The Colossus of New York, Sag Harbor, and Zone One. He won the Young Lions Fiction Award and the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for John Henry Days, the PEN/Oakland Award for Apex Hides the Hurt, and the National Book Award for fiction and the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for The Underground Railroad.
His reviews, essays, and fiction have appeared in numerous publications including the New York Times, The New Yorker, New York Magazine, Harper's and Granta. He has received a MacArthur Fellowship, a Whiting Writers Award, and a fellowship at the Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers.
(Bowker Author Biography)
Reviews (5)
Library Journal Review
Cora, a slave on a plantation in Georgia, seeks her freedom on a demimythical version of the underground railroad. The railroad is portrayed quite literally, and -Cora's journey encapsulates the struggle for emancipation and civil rights and against Jim Crow and segregation, all of which is symbolized by the societies of the various states in which her train stops. As she travels, Cora's identity evolves from outcast to object to secret sin to prisoner and, finally, to a member of a community. She is pursued by slave catcher Ridgeway as one by one her allies and friends are taken from her in violence and blood. Whitehead's characters bridge the symbolism the story demands and the realism of complicated people. Narrator Bahni Turpin is able to differentiate among the many characters and lends a flowing cadence to the dark and savage tale. -Verdict A powerful story both of a woman and of a people. Highly recommended for readers of literary fiction, historical fiction, American history, and African American literature. ["A highly recommended work that raises the bar for fiction addressing slavery": LJ 7/16 starred review of the Knopf hc.]-Tristan M. Boyd, Austin, TX © Copyright 2016. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Publisher's Weekly Review
Each thing had a value.... In America the quirk was that people were things." So observes Ajarry, taken from Africa as a girl in the mid-18th century to be sold and resold and sold again. She finally arrives at the vicious Georgia plantation where she dies at the book's outset. After a lifetime in brutal, humiliating transit, Ajarry was determined to stay put in Georgia, and so is her granddaughter, Cora. That changes when Cora is raped and beaten by the plantation's owner, and she resolves to escape. In powerful, precise prose, at once spellbinding and ferocious, the book follows Cora's incredible journey north, step by step. In Whitehead's rendering, the Underground Railroad of the early 19th century is a literal subterranean tunnel with tracks, trains, and conductors, ferrying runaways into darkness and, occasionally, into light. Interspersed throughout the central narrative of Cora's flight are short chapters expanding on some of the lives of those she encounters. These include brief portraits of the slave catcher who hunts her, a doctor who examines her in South Carolina, and her mother, whose escape from the plantation when Cora was a girl has both haunted and galvanized her. Throughout the book, Cora faces unthinkable horrors, and her survival depends entirely on her resilience. The story is literature at its finest and history at its most barbaric. Would that this novel were required reading for every American citizen. Agent: Nicole Aragi, Aragi Inc. (Sept.) © Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.
Booklist Review
*Starred Review* Over the course of his previous five novels, Whitehead (Zone One, 2011) has conducted an imaginative, droll, and eviscerating inquiry into the blurred divide between American mythology and American history, especially the camouflaged truth about racism. In this magnetizing and wrenching saga, Whitehead tells the story of smart and resilient Cora, a young third-generation slave on a Georgia cotton plantation where she has been brutally attacked by whites and blacks. Certain that the horror will only get worse, she flees with a young man who knows how to reach the Underground Railroad. Everything Whitehead describes is vividly, often joltinglyrealistic, even the novel's most fantastic element, his vision of this secret transport network as an actual railroad running through tunnels dug beneath the blood-soaked fields of the South, a jolting and resounding embodiment of heroic efforts and colossal risks. Yet for all that sacrifice and ingenuity, freedom proves miserably elusive. A South Carolina town appears to be welcoming until Cora discovers that it is all a facade, concealing quasi-medical genocidal schemes. With a notoriously relentless slave catcher following close behind, Cora endures another terrifying underground journey, arriving in North Carolina, where the corpses of tortured black people hang on the trees along a road whites call the Freedom Trail. Each stop Cora makes along the Underground Railroad reveals another shocking and malignant symptom of a country riven by catastrophic conflicts, a poisonous moral crisis, and diabolical violence. Each galvanizing scene blazes with terror and indictment as Whitehead tracks the consequences of the old American imperative to seize, enslave, and profit. Stolen bodies working stolen land. It was an engine that did not stop, its hungry boiler fed with blood. With each compelling character, some based on historical figures, most born of empathic invention, Whitehead takes measure of the personal traumas and mass psychosis that burn still within our national consciousness. Hard-driving, laser-sharp, artistically superlative, and deeply compassionate, Whitehead's unforgettable odyssey adds a clarion new facet to the literature of racial tyranny and liberation.--Seaman, Donna Copyright 2016 Booklist
New York Review of Books Review
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD, by Colson Whitehead. (Anchor, $16.95.) Whitehead's boldly inventive novel follows Cora, a slave in Georgia making her escape to freedom on a literal underground railroad. As she encounters horror after horror, the story trains an eye on aspects of black history too often co-opted by white narrators. This book, one of the Book Review's 10 best of 2016, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2017. CANNIBALISM: A Perfectly Natural History, by Bill Schutt. (Algonquin, $16.95.) It wasn't just the Donner party. Cannibalism is often the rule, not the exception, for many species. Schutt's breezy tone helps keep disgust at bay, and the book is full of surprising detail: In China, for example, elites during the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) regularly feasted on humans, and the practice continued well into the late 1960s. A PIECE OF THE WORLD, by Christina Baker Kline. (William Morrow/HarperCollins, $16.99.) Kline imagines the inner life of the woman with polio crawling across a desolate field in Andrew Wyeth's iconic painting, "Christina's World." "Both painter and writer have a fine-grained feel for the setting," our reviewer, Becky Aikman, wrote. "Christina's yearning, her determination, her will to dream, occupy the emotional center in both the novel and the painting." PHENOMENA: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigation Into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis, by Annie Jacobsen. (Back Bay/Little, Brown, $17.99.) For decades, the military has tried to harness the supernatural - to find hostages, for example, or to read foreign governments' minds. Jacobsen's account is full of entertaining anecdotes; she catalogs the seers, the spoon-benders and the researchers who administered ESP tests to plants, all funded in the interest of national security. ILL WILL, by Dan Chaon. (Ballantine, $17.) This dark literary thriller deals with recovered memories, satanistic ritual and childhood trauma. Dustin, a psychologist in his 40s, is grappling with a tragic past: His parents, aunt and uncle were murdered and his adopted brother, Rusty, was convicted of the crime. But new DNA evidence helped overturn the ruling, and Rusty's exoneration stirs up long-repressed guilt and fear. MY UTMOST: A Devotional Memoir, by Macy Halford. (Vintage, $17.) "My Utmost for His Highest," a book loved by evangelicals, was central to Halford's faith when she was growing up. Years later, as her beliefs shifted, she investigated the book's origins and its author, Oswald Chambers. Her memoir is both a mediation on "a complicated nostalgia" for the faith of her childhood and an intellectual biography of Chambers.
Kirkus Review
What if the metaphorical Underground Railroad had been an actualunderground railroad, complete with steam locomotive pulling a "dilapidated box car" along a subterranean nexus of steel tracks? For roughly its first 60 pages, this novel behaves like a prelude to a slave narrative which is, at once, more jolting and sepulchral than the classic firsthand accounts of William Wells Brown and Solomon Northup. Its protagonist, Cora, is among several African-American men and women enslaved on a Georgia plantation and facing a spectrum of savage indignities to their bodies and souls. A way out materializes in the form of an educated slave named Caesar, who tells her about an underground railroad that can deliver her and others northward to freedom. So far, so familiar. But Whitehead, whose eclectic body of work encompasses novels (Zone One, 2011, etc.) playing fast and loose with "real life," both past and present, fires his most daring change-up yet by giving the underground railroad physical form. This train conveys Cora, Caesar, and other escapees first to a South Carolina also historically unrecognizable with its skyscrapers and its seemingly, if microscopically, more liberal attitude toward black people. Compared with Georgia, though, the place seems so much easier that Cora and Caesar are tempted to remain, until more sinister plans for the ex-slaves' destiny reveal themselves. So it's back on the train and on to several more stops: in North Carolina, where they've not only abolished slavery, but are intent on abolishing black people, too; through a barren, more forbidding Tennessee; on to a (seemingly) more hospitable Indiana, and restlessly onward. With each stop, a slave catcher named Ridgeway, dispensing long-winded rationales for his wicked calling, doggedly pursues Cora and her diminishing company of refugees. And with every change of venue, Cora discovers anew that "freedom was a thing that shifted as you looked at it, the way a forest is dense with trees up close but from outside, the empty meadow, you see its true limits." Imagine a runaway slave novel written with Joseph Heller's deadpan voice leasing both Frederick Douglass' grim realities and H.P. Lovecraft's rococo fantasiesand that's when you begin to understand how startlingly original this book is. Whitehead continues the African-American artists' inquiry into race mythology and history with rousing audacity and razor-sharp ingenuity; he is now assuredly a writer of the first rank. Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.
THE first time Caesar approached Cora about running north, she said no. This was her grandmother talking. Cora's grandmother had never seen the ocean before that bright afternoon in the port of Ouidah and the water dazzled after her time in the fort's dungeon. The dungeon stored them until the ships arrived. Dahomeyan raiders kidnapped the men first, then returned to her village the next moon for the women and children, marching them in chains to the sea two by two. As she stared into the black doorway, Ajarry thought she'd be reunited with her father, down there in the dark. The survivors from her village told her that when her father couldn't keep the pace of the long march, the slavers stove in his head and left his body by the trail. Her mother had died years before. Cora's grandmother was sold a few times on the trek to the fort, passed between slavers for cowrie shells and glass beads. It was hard to say how much they paid for her in Ouidah as she was part of a bulk purchase, eighty-eight human souls for sixty crates of rum and gunpowder, the price arrived upon after the standard haggling in Coast English. Able-bodied men and child- bearing women fetched more than juveniles, making an individual accounting difficult. The Nanny was out of Liverpool and had made two previous stops along the Gold Coast. The captain staggered his purchases, rather than find himself with cargo of singular culture and disposition. Who knew what brand of mutiny his captives might cook up if they shared a common tongue. This was the ship's final port of call before they crossed the Atlantic. Two yellow-haired sailors rowed Ajarry out to the ship, humming. White skin like bone. The noxious air of the hold, the gloom of confinement, and the screams of those shackled to her contrived to drive Ajarry to madness. Because of her tender age, her captors did not immedi- ately force their urges upon her, but eventually some of the more seasoned mates dragged her from the hold six weeks into the pas- sage. She twice tried to kill herself on the voyage to America, once by denying herself food and then again by drowning. The sailors stymied her both times, versed in the schemes and inclinations of chattel. Ajarry didn't even make it to the gunwale when she tried to jump overboard. Her simpering posture and piteous aspect, recognizable from thousands of slaves before her, betrayed her intentions. Chained head to toe, head to toe, in exponential misery. Although they had tried not to get separated at the auction in Ouidah, the rest of her family was purchased by Portuguese trad- ers from the frigate Vivilia, next seen four months later drifting ten miles off Bermuda. Plague had claimed all on board. Authori- ties lit the ship on fire and watched her crackle and sink. Cora's grandmother knew nothing about the ship's fate. For the rest of her life she imagined her cousins worked for kind and generous masters up north, engaged in more forgiving trades than her own, weaving or spinning, nothing in the fields. In her stories, Isay and Sidoo and the rest somehow bought their way out of bondage and lived as free men and women in the City of Pennsylvania, a place she had overheard two white men discuss once. These fantasies gave Ajarry comfort when her burdens were such to splinter her into a thousand pieces. The next time Cora's grandmother was sold was after a month in the pest house on Sullivan's Island, once the physicians certified her and the rest of the Nanny's cargo clear of illness. Another busy day on the Exchange. A big auction always drew a colorful crowd. Traders and procurers from up and down the coast converged on Charleston, checking the merchandise's eyes and joints and spines, wary of venereal distemper and other afflictions. Onlook- ers chewed fresh oysters and hot corn as the auctioneers shouted into the air. The slaves stood naked on the platform. There was a bidding war over a group of Ashanti studs, those Africans of renowned industry and musculature, and the foreman of a lime- stone quarry bought a bunch of pickaninnies in an astounding bargain. Cora's grandmother saw a little boy among the gawk- ers eating rock candy and wondered what he was putting in his mouth. Just before sunset an agent bought her for two hundred and twenty-six dollars. She would have fetched more but for that sea- son's glut of young girls. His suit was made of the whitest cloth she had ever seen. Rings set with colored stone flashed on his fin- gers. When he pinched her breasts to see if she was in flower, the metal was cool on her skin. She was branded, not for the first or last time, and fettered to the rest of the day's acquisitions. The coffle began their long march south that night, staggering behind the trader's buggy. The Nanny by that time was en route back to Liverpool, full of sugar and tobacco. There were fewer screams belowdecks. You would have thought Cora's grandmother cursed, so many times was she sold and swapped and resold over the next few years. Her owners came to ruin with startling frequency. Her first mas- ter got swindled by a man who sold a device that cleaned cotton twice as fast as Whitney's gin. The diagrams were convincing, but in the end Ajarry was another asset liquidated by order of the magistrate. She went for two hundred and eighteen dollars in a hasty exchange, a drop in price occasioned by the realities of the local market. Another owner expired from dropsy, whereupon his widow held an estate sale to fund a return to her native Europe, where it was clean. Ajarry spent three months as the property of a Welshman who eventually lost her, three other slaves, and two hogs in a game of whist. And so on. Her price fluctuated. When you are sold that many times, the world is teaching you to pay attention. She learned to quickly adjust to the new plantations, sorting the nigger breakers from the merely cruel, the layabouts from the hardworking, the inform- ers from the secret-keepers. Masters and mistresses in degrees of wickedness, estates of disparate means and ambition. Sometimes the planters wanted nothing more than to make a humble living, and then there were men and women who wanted to own the world, as if it were a matter of the proper acreage. Two hundred and forty-eight, two hundred and sixty, two hundred and seventy dollars. Wherever she went it was sugar and indigo, except for a stint folding tobacco leaves for one week before she was sold again. The trader called upon the tobacco plantation looking for slaves of breeding age, preferably with all their teeth and of pliable disposi- tion. She was a woman now. Off she went. She knew that the white man's scientists peered beneath things to understand how they worked. The movement of the stars across the night, the cooperation of humors in the blood. The temper- ature requirements for a healthy cotton harvest. Ajarry made a science of her own black body and accumulated observations. Each thing had a value and as the value changed, everything else changed also. A broken calabash was worth less than one that held its water, a hook that kept its catfish more prized than one that relinquished its bait. In America the quirk was that people were things. Best to cut your losses on an old man who won't survive a trip across the ocean. A young buck from strong tribal stock got customers into a froth. A slave girl squeezing out pups was like a mint, money that bred money. If you were a thing--a cart or a horse or a slave--your value determined your possibilities. She minded her place. Finally, Georgia. A representative of the Randall plantation bought her for two hundred and ninety-two dollars, in spite of the new blankness behind her eyes, which made her look simple- minded. She never drew a breath off Randall land for the rest of her life. She was home, on this island in sight of nothing. Cora's grandmother took a husband three times. She had a pre- dilection for broad shoulders and big hands, as did Old Randall, although the master and his slave had different sorts of labor in mind. The two plantations were well-stocked, ninety head of nig- ger on the northern half and eighty-five head on the southern half. Ajarry generally had her pick. When she didn't, she was patient. Her first husband developed a hankering for corn whiskey and started using his big hands to make big fists. Ajarry wasn't sad to see him disappear down the road when they sold him to a sugar- cane estate in Florida. She next took up with one of the sweet boys from the southern half. Before he passed from cholera he liked to share stories from the Bible, his former master being more liberal- minded when it came to slaves and religion. She enjoyed the stories and parables and supposed that white men had a point: Talk of salvation could give an African ideas. Poor sons of Ham. Her last husband had his ears bored for stealing honey. The wounds gave up pus until he wasted away. Ajarry bore five children by those men, each delivered in the same spot on the planks of the cabin, which she pointed to when they misstepped. That's where you came from and where I'll put you back if you don't listen. Teach them to obey her and maybe they'll obey all the masters to come and they will survive. Two died miserably of fever. One boy cut his foot while playing on a rusted plow, which poisoned his blood. Her youngest never woke up after a boss hit him in the head with a wooden block. One after another. At least they were never sold off, an older woman told Ajarry. Which was true--back then Randall rarely sold the little ones. You knew where and how your children would die. The child that lived past the age of ten was Cora's mother, Mabel. Ajarry died in the cotton, the bolls bobbing around her like whitecaps on the brute ocean. The last of her village, keeled over in the rows from a knot in her brain, blood pouring from her nose and white froth covering her lips. As if it could have been anywhere else. Liberty was reserved for other people, for the citi- zens of the City of Pennsylvania bustling a thousand miles to the north. Since the night she was kidnapped she had been appraised and reappraised, each day waking upon the pan of a new scale. Know your value and you know your place in the order. To escape the boundary of the plantation was to escape the fundamental principles of your existence: impossible. It was her grandmother talking that Sunday evening when Caesar approached Cora about the underground railroad, and she said no. Three weeks later she said yes. This time it was her mother talking. Excerpted from The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.


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Mr. Chairman, Members of the Commission:
This is the second time you have permitted me to appear before you during your meetings here in Washington. I wish to express my gratitude both for allowing these personal interventions and, more generally, for the unique and essential work that has been carried on by your commission in defense of human rights and dignity.
My appearance before you two years ago, April 15, 1974, was in connection with several particularly flagrant violations of human rights in Brazil. At that time we brought before you additional information on case #1769 (Brazil) involving Father Francois Jentel and others. The following month, the conviction of Father Jentel was reversed and he was expelled from the country after serving nearly one year in prison.
I believe that the efforts of your Commission were instrumental in securing his release and Father Jentel has personally asked me to express his gratitude to those who engaged in this work. Let me cite two subsequent developments in this case, however, which illustrate the enormous obstacles faced by your Commission in seeing a case through to its successful resolution.
In its responses to your Commission, the Government of Brazil consistently avoided responding to the more serious charges, repeating instead information already known and not at issue. In other instances it presented false or inaccurate information and in almost all cases so delayed its response as to make further clarification by the complainant most difficult.
I turn now to the issue at hand, the present condition of human rights in Chile, and the document presented by the Vicariate for Solidarity to the President of the Supreme Court at the beginning of the juridical year in March. As you know, the Vicariate is the new work of the Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago replacing the former ecumenical Peace Committee which was forced to close at the end of 1975.
Inaugurated on January 23, 1976 by the Cardinal Archbishop of Santiago, Raul Silva Henriquez, the Vicariate has as its task, among other things: to give juridical assistance to the people detained by the secret police; provide defense for those tried by Military Tribunals; and denounce before the Criminal Courts homicides, illegal detentions, and the disappearance of people. (These are made directly by the family members of the detained, dead, or disappeared person, but with legal help from lawyers of the Vicariate.)
The experience and information collected by the Churches throughout the country, and especially in Santiago, has enabled the Vicariate to accumulate abundant documentation regarding the violation of individual human rights, and with this background the lawyers of the Vicariate have been able to make serious studies which contrast what happens in practice with the laws that are supposed to protect human rights. This working-group of lawyers is the most qualified group to study the juridical situation in the country in relation to the laws decreed by the present government regarding individual personal rights.
On occasion of the opening of the juridical year, 1976 the Vicariate of Solidarity presented a petition to the Supreme Court, asking the High Court to exercise its prerogatives, and to make note of the failings and deficiencies of the laws. The statement, which was signed by the Auxiliary Bishop of Sangiago, Enrique Alvear, examines technically the deficient protection of human rights, and denounces, with official documentation given by the government itself and by the courts, numerous cases which recount the permanent violation of individual personal rights. This document denounces the inefficiencies of the system of legal recourse, and the false information presented by the Chilean government about detained people. Photocopies have been made of the official replies to writs of "habeas corpus", which are public knowledge.
The Supreme Court rejected each and every petition made by the Vicariate of Solidarity without giving any reason. As a consequence the Vicariate has exhausted every legal recourse contained in Chilean legislation designed to obtain modifications in the situation of human rights, and especially personal freedom.
The document of the Vicariate consists of an eight-part analysis of the pertinent legal issues followed by some 163 pages of annexes documenting the violations. I am leaving with you, in addition to a copy of the complete document, copies of a brief resume of the analytic presentation.
I urge this Commission to study the document carefully and give it the serious attention both which it deserves and which the Chilean authorities have so far refused.
In closing I must point out one more ominous fact. At least three of the lawyers involved in the preparation of this document, persons held in high esteem by the legal profession in Chile, have experienced arrest and detention. Two of them are now out of the country and the other, Hernan Montealegre, is still being held. This fact, no less than the serious legal matters addressed in the Vicariate's document, underscores the urgency of this Commission's task.
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Good set, free Blackout, free shipping... That's a deal.Plus it's fun to think we had some hand in the Commandoes getting an update.
No, no sponsorship with TRU.We appreciate the ? though, for sure. When in doubt tell 'em JD sent you, haha.
A good idea... I'd go the route of an elastic band glued to the extra ammo so you're not having to mess up his leg. I vow to someday do a modular version of the Commando weapon though and it will have all the handy-dandy attachments needed.
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Principles of EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique)
What it is, how it works, and what it can do for you
Lawrence Pagett with Paul MillwardThis is a clear and concise introduction to Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT). Traditional and modern approaches of EFT are explained with step-by-step instructions for practical usages of EFT for stress reduction. Case studies demonstrate how EFT can relieve a wide range of conditions including anxiety, depression, insomnia and migraines. Learn More2014, Paperback / softback, 7.76in x 5.43in / 197mm x 138mm, 192pp, CA$26.95ISBN: 978-1-84819-190-72014, Ebook, ePUB, 192pp, CA$26.95ISBN: 978-0-85701-151-0


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Google updated its "Hot Searches" feature to include images and related new stories, but says it will only be feature the "hottest" stories.
"With rich images and links to related news articles, you can glance at the list and instantly get an idea of why these topics are particularly hot at the moment and click to find out more about them," wrote Google Trends software engineer Nimrod Tamir on the Official Google Blog. "Unlike the previous version of Hot Searches, which always provided 20 daily results, the new page introduces a filtering system that helps us make sure that the list includes only the truly hottest news stories of the day."
As the Verge points out, that means a great deal less than 20 results -- it's now about three or four results. We wish it had at least 10 because we're programmed to think in Top 10 lists. Hasn't Google gotten that memo? Secondly, why doesn't Google incorporate the "Hot Searches" into the Google News section or even the search page? Right now, it's too hard to find for the average user to find.


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bull(redirected from bullshit)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Idioms, Encyclopedia.
?Note: This page may contain content that is offensive or inappropriate for some readers.
1. An investor who believes that the market or a security will rise and makes investment decisions accordingly. See also: Bear.
2. Informal for bull market.
2. Informal for bull market.
An investor who believes the price of a particular security or security prices in general will follow a broad upward trend. An investor can often be a bull on a specific security but not on the general market, and vice versa. Compare bear.


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The Konoha Ninja Tool Research Facility: Detached Office (木ノ葉忍具研究所・分室, Konoha Ningu Kenkyūsho: Bunshitsu) is a research building facility run by Iō with his assistant Shōseki.[1] The facility specialises in the making of new weapons, such as the Jidanda, for Konoha-nin to wield. Though the station was originally located in Konoha, it was forced to relocate to the outskirts of the village due to the random explosions which Iō claims are "challenges" during his inventing. The facility also includes a trap door in the case of an emergency. Inside the trap door, there are many defence mechanisms, and the only way to get past is by accurately striking the targets. Once past the security room, there is yet another room filled with many of Iō's prototype ninja tools, which he will not allow Konoha to use because he believes his tools need to be handled with great care and precision.
- ↑ Naruto: Shippūden episode 184


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Earlier this year, I was making a programme about Olympic sprinters, and I was lucky enough to attend a training session in Jamaica where former 100 metres world record holder Asafa Powell and his teammates worked through a lengthy series of meticulous leg and abdomen stretches afterwards. An hour later they finally completed them.
If you're going to push your body to the limits of what's humanly possible and run 100m in less than ten seconds I can see why you need you make sure your muscles are well and truly warmed up and cooled down. But these are elite athletes – the world's best. What if you're not quite that good and are just going for a leisurely run?
We are often told that stretching muscles is the best way to avoid aching limbs the following day, or to minimise the risk of injury. I'm sure you feel better after stretching your calves or thighs. The problem is that no one seems to agree on the optimum time to do them. In Australia there is an emphasis on stretching before you start exercising. In Norway it's afterwards. Some people swear by doing both. But what is the evidence that it really makes a difference whether you do it all?
Sore point
There are two separate issues here. First is soreness, and by that I mean the kind of tenderness that creeps into your muscles a day or two after you've exercised. The kind that painfully reminds you of your previous exertions every time you move (followed rapidly by a vow never to do them again).
This is especially likely to happen if you've done an activity you've not done for a while, such as riding a bike for the first time in months because the weather has finally picked up. This type of delayed discomfort reaches its peak after two days, but the idea that stretching will prevent it stems from outdated theories as to its cause. It used to be thought that exercising for the first time after weeks or months caused the muscles to spasm, reducing the flow of the blood to the muscles, and resulting in pain. The theory went that stretching the muscles would reduce the spasm and restore the blood flow.
But more recently physiologists have established that this isn't the cause of this form of muscle soreness. Some now believe that the pain results from elongation of sarcomeres, the parts of the muscle that help them to contract. They contain thick and thin filaments, which slide past each other; in principle stretching could still help the filaments to slide smoothly, but the evidence is surprisingly limited.
There are only a small number of randomised controlled studies on stretching and exercise. A recent Cochrane Review found just twelve, and all but one had fewer than 30 participants. For the most part these studies found stretching had little impact on soreness. By far the largest study, carried out in Australia and Norway, with more than two thousand participants, found there was a small reduction in soreness in those in the stretching group. Even then this effect was very small – 24% of the stretchers were bothered by soreness the following week compared with 32% of people who didn't stretch.
Injury time
If stretches make no difference, or at best a small difference to soreness, how about injury? I'd always assumed the idea was that if you gently loosened your muscles by stretching, then you wouldn't suddenly pull a hamstring when you ran for a bus or leapt a puddle. Just six randomised controlled trials have been conducted on the prevention of injuries, some with the general public, others with members of the armed forces undergoing training. Overall there was no difference in the number of leg injuries sustained in those who did or did not stretch.
So what are we to make of these results that conclude stretching has little or no impact, when it's something we are all encouraged to do? I turned to the author of one of those reviews, Rob Herbert, from the George Institute in Australia, to get his advice. He gave me an answer which, as someone who can't be bothered to stretch before I go running, I have to confess I like.
He said if you enjoy stretching then it's fine to carry on and it will do you no harm, but that taking all the evidence into account, it probably won't help much. I was glad to see he puts his evidence-base results into practice in his own life. When I interviewed him from a studio in Sydney he had just come from playing football. Had he stretched beforehand? No.
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WILSONVILLE, ORE. - Oregon Tech's Tech Owls in Action (TOA), a university club in Wilsonville, held their Second Annual Clean Energy "Connecting Our Community" Forum last week to great success. This event brought together academia, community members, non-profits, and public and private sectors to discuss and learn about renewable energy and energy conservation.
The event, held on Friday, February 21st at the Wilsonville campus, was designed as a public forum to help local governments, organizations, and businesses implement more renewable energy generation and energy conservation/efficiency projects within the community. Outside speakers included Wilsonville's Mayor, Tim Knapp; Wilsonville Community Development Director, Nancy Kraushaar; and industry professionals from Elemental Energy LLC and Energy 350.
The focus of "Connecting Our Community" was developed to follow-up on last year's forum, when TOA learned that community members were interested in more solar technologies and energy efficiency measures. TOA and Renewable Energy Engineering students conducted solar assessments and energy use analyses at the local Wilsonville Public Library, as well as identifying potential opportunities for the City of Wilsonville to take action.
Renewable Energy Engineering student Taylor Redding, President of the TOA Club, said, "With our new Oregon Tech campus in Wilsonville, we want to work with the community to find and develop new pathways for our students and our campus to contribute to the continuation of Wilsonville's smart growth. We believe energy education and the development of renewable energy and energy conservation is a key component to this in the years to come."
Items presented included possibilities for installing solar panels on the roof of the city library to generate additional electricity. TOA club member, Jeremy Toews, has been assessing the library's energy use for his senior project and the club has collaborated with Energy Trust of Oregon, Energy 350, and library Director Pat Duke to conduct a basic energy audit of the library to find potential areas for efficiency upgrades and/or conservation measures. Taylor stated of the event, "TOA came together as a team and we exceeded our own expectations of the event. Feedback from the event suggested that students as well as city representatives and also local community members all left having learned something. Wilsonville Mayor Tim Knapp's speech was enlightening and inspiring from my perspective as a student seeking future opportunities in the local region and it is encouraging that representatives from the City of Wilsonville are willing to engage with students with respect to developing a sustainable future for its citizens."
For more information, contact Taylor Redding, TOA Club President, at 503-984-9573; firstname.lastname@example.com. About Tech Owls in Action
Tech Owls in Action (TOA) is a team of students at the Oregon Institute of Technology (Wilsonville) who are collaborating with a national non-profit organization called Focus The Nation and other members of their communities to develop and implement practical clean energy solutions.


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soften(redirected from softener)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
soften (one's or someone's) stance (on something)
1. To become less severe, strict, or inflexible in one's position or beliefs (regarding something). Our dad always said he would never let us have our own phones, but he softened his stance when my sister and I started high school. The senator has indicated that she may be softening her stance on the issue of tax reform.
2. To cause someone else to become less severe, strict, or inflexible in their position or beliefs (regarding something). I've been trying to soften the boss's stance on giving paid parental leave to all new employees. The government was originally adamant in their position on the controversial issue, but the continual protests around the country seem to be softening their stance.
soften the blow
To make the impact of something negative less harmful. The government is introducing financial reliefs to soften the blow to those affected by the devastating floods. Playgrounds typically have sand or rubber grounds to help soften the blow if children fall off the play structures. When you have to tell someone about the death of a loved one, there's really no way to soften the blow.
soften up
1. To become soft or malleable. The rubber seal softens up if the engine gets too hot, so we need to make sure to keep it cool. I keep butter in a dish on the counter so it softens up a bit.
2. To make something soft or malleable. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between "soften" and "up." You need to heat the glass to high temperatures to soften it up before you can work with it. The sun softened the ground up a bit after being frozen over the winter.
3. To become less resistant or emotionally hardened; to become gentler or more amenable. My dad was a bit of a tyrant when we were kids, but he softened up as he got older. The company's upper management has been notoriously reserved about adopting more mainstream market trends, but they seem to be softening up in recent years.
4. To make someone more amenable to a suggestion or idea. Toddlers are difficult to deal with at the best of times. If you want yours to do something, sometimes softening them up with a small present or treat is the best course of action. Worried about how her mother might react to her new boyfriend, Jane asked her father to soften her up before she brought him over to dinner. I always suggest softening up potential clients with dinner at a nice restaurant.
5. To make someone less tough, focused, determined, skilled, or able-bodied. He used to be the sharpest detective in the force, but years behind a desk in the head office has softened him up. Worried about how her mother might react to her new boyfriend, Jane asked her father to soften her up before she brought him over to dinner.
soften one's stance (on someone or something)
Fig. to reduce the severity of one's position regarding someone or something. If he would soften his stance on the matter, I could easily become more cooperative.
soften someone up
Fig. to prepare to persuade someone of something. I will talk to Fred and soften him up for your request. I will soften up your father before you ask him about it.
soften something up
to take actions that will make something softer. soften the butter up before you add it to the batter. Please soften up the ice cream before you try to serve it.
soften up
1. Lit. [for something] to become softer. The butter softened up in the heat of the day. The candles will probably soften up and bend over in this hot weather.
2. Fig. [for someone] to adopt a more gentle manner. After a while, she softened up and was more friendly. It was weeks before Ted softened up and treated us more kindly.
soften up
Reduce resistance, as in His sales motto was: a fine lunch and a few drinks often will soften up a prospective customer . This expression transfers lessening of physical hardness to lessening mental resistance. It was first used, however, in World War II, where it meant "reduce the enemy's defenses by preliminary bombing." [c. 1940]
soften the blow
COMMON If something softens the blow, it makes an unpleasant change or piece of news seem less unpleasant and easier to accept. Attempts were made to soften the blow, by reducing what some people had to pay. Note: You can also say that something cushions the blow. The firm is offering to cushion the blow with a £4,000 cash handout spread over two years.
soften (or cushion) the blowmake it easier to cope with a difficult change or upsetting news.
cushion/soften the ˈblowmake something unpleasant seem less unpleasant and easier to accept: When he lost his job he was offered a cash payment to soften the blow.
soften up
1. To make something soft or softer: He softened up his new baseball glove with some oil. He left the butter out to soften it up.
2. To undermine or reduce the strength, morale, or resistance of someone or something: The air force softened up the enemy positions with a heavy bombing campaign. The children gave me a present to soften me up before asking for new bicycles.


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It is now official. Netcraft has confirmed: local government is dying.
One more crippling bombshell hit the already beleaguered local government community when IDC confirmed that local government market share has dropped yet again, now down to less than a fraction of 1 percent of all services. Coming on the heels of a recent Netcraft survey which plainly states that local government has lost more market share, this news serves to reinforce what we've known all along. Local government is collapsing in complete disarray, as fittingly exemplified by failing dead last [samag.com] in the recent Sys Admin comprehensive networking test.
You don't need to be the Amazing Kreskin to predict local government's future. The hand writing is on the wall: local government faces a bleak future. In fact there won't be any future at all for local government because local government is dying. Things are looking very bad for local government. As many of us are already aware, local government continues to lose market share. Red ink flows like a river of blood.
Municipal local government is the most endangered of them all, having lost 93% of its core developers. The sudden and unpleasant departures of long time developers G4S and Serco only serve to underscore the point more clearly. There can no longer be any doubt: city councils are dying.
Let's keep to the facts and look at the numbers.
OpenlyLocal leader Chris states that there are 11939 councillors on OpenlyLocal. How many users of GovNet are there? Let's see. The number of OpenlyLocal versus GovNet posts on Usenet is roughly in ratio of 5 to 1. Therefore there are about 11939/5 = 2387 GovNet users. OpenlyLocal posts on Usenet are about half of the volume of GovNet posts. Therefore there are about 1200 users of OpenlyLocal. A recent article put FreeGov at about 80 percent of the Local Government market. Therefore there are (7000+2387+1200)*4 = 42348 FreeGov users. This is consistent with the number of FreeGov Usenet posts.
Due to the troubles of West Somerset, abysmal council tax collection and so on, FreeGov went out of business and was taken over by SouthWest ONE who sell another troubled OS. Now SouthWest ONE is also dead, its corpse turned over to yet another charnel house.
All major surveys show that Local Government has steadily declined in market share. Local Government is very sick and its long term survival prospects are very dim. If Local Government is to survive at all it will be among localist dilettante dabblers. Local Government continues to decay. Nothing short of a miracle could save it at this point in time. For all practical purposes, Local Government is dead.
(with thanks to Uncyclopedia)


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Mam Tor is 2 km north-west of Castleton in the Peak District where it stands between the White Peak and Dark Peak.
The summit of Mam Tor is ringed by the remains of a great ditch and rampart of a once great Iron Age hillfort but it is also famous for its large landslide (Figure 1). The landslide is easy to access and exhibits classic text-book landslide features so is a good landslide for geologists, geomorphologists, geographers and engineers to study. It is National Landslide Database ID 5481/1.
The Sheffield Turnpike Company first constructed the A625 Manchester to Sheffield road in 1819 using spoil from the nearby Odin mine (National Trust, 2009) and the road crosses the main body of the landslide twice as it winds its way up the slope. The following 160 years saw constant repairs and reconstruction. In 1977, the landslide moved again and the road was restricted to single-lane traffic (Cripps and Hird, 1992). In 1979, the road was permanently closed to traffic and what remains today is an interesting example of landslide movement and repeated road reconstruction and repair (Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6).
The landslide (Figure 7) itself is over 4000 years old and is a rotational landslide which has developed into a large debris flow at its toe (Waltham and Dixon, 2000). It is over 1000 m from backscarp to toe, has a maximum thickness of 30-40 m and the backscarp is over 70 m high.
Waltham and Dixon (2000) have divided the landslide into three distinct zones (backscarp area, transition zone and debris flow) according to their structure as follows:
The literature listed below give good accounts of this landslide in more detail.
Underlying the landslide are Dinantian limestones which are not included with the landslide (Waltham and Dixon, 2000). Overlying the limestone is the Bowland Shale Formation which consist of dark grey mudstone. The top of the landslide exposes the Mam Tor Beds. These are a sequence of turbidites of mudstones siltstones and sandstones.
Aitkenhead, N., Barclay, W.J., Brandon, A., Chadwick, R.A., Chisolm, J.I., Cooper, A.H. & Johnson, E.W. (2002). British regional geology: the Pennines and adjacent areas. 4th ed British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham.
Arkwright, J.C., Rutter, E.H. & Holloway, R.F. (2003). The Mam Tor landslip: still moving after all these years. Geology Today, v.19, pp.59-64.
Cripps, J. C. and Hird, C. C. (1992) A guide to the landslide at Mam Tor, Geoscientist v.2 (3), pp. 22-27.
Dixon, N. and Brook, E. (2007) Impact of predicted climate change on landslide reactivation : case study of Mam Tor, UK in Landslides : Journal of the International Consortium on Landslides, v. 4 (2) pp. 137-147.
Donnelly, L.J., (2006). The Mam Tor Landslide, Geology & Mining Legacy around Castleton, Peak District National Park, Derbyshire, UK, in Culshaw, M.G., Reeves, H., Jefferson, I. & Spink, T. (eds) Engineering Geology for Tomorrow's Cities, Proceedings of the 10th Congress of The International Association for Engineering Geology and The Environment, Nottingham, UK, 6-10 September 2006. Geological Society London(CD-ROM).
Doornkamp, J.C., (1990) Landslides in Derbyshire. East Midlands Geographer, v. 13 pp.33-62.
Rutter, E. H., Arkwright, J. C., Holloway, R. F. and Waghorn, D. (2003) Strains and displacements in the Mam Tor landslip, Derbyshire, England, Journal of the Geological Society of London v.160 (5) pp. 735-744.
Skempton, A. W., Leadbeaater, A. D. and Chandler, R. J. (1989) The Mam Tor landslide, north Derbyshire, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, v. 329, No 1607, pp 503-547.
Walstra, J., Dixon, N. and Chandler, J. H. (2007) Historical aerial photographs for landslide assessment: two case histories. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology. V.40, Part 4, November, p315-332.
Waltham, T. and Dixon, N. (2000) Movement of the Mam Tor landslide, Derbyshire, UK, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology v.33 (2)pp.105-123.