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Caught in the Crossfire between Secularists and Islamists
Turkey has come a long way on the road to democracy in recent years. Motivated by its desire to join the European Union, the country has abolished the death penalty, passed dozens of democratic reforms and improved its human rights record. But some problems have been harder to solve than others.
Freedom of religion and minority rights are two key issues that Turkey has yet to resolve before it begins membership talks with the European Union later this year. A case in point is the fate of the Orthodox Church, which has its historical roots and its spiritual centre in what is now modern Turkey.
The Patriarch of Constantinople, who resides in Istanbul, is the spiritual leader of some 330 million Orthodox Christians around the world – but in his own country his faith is dying out, because the Turkish state will not permit the Patriarchate to train new priests.
One of the European Union's key demands of Turkey is the re-opening of the Orthodox Church's theological school, which was shut down some 35 years ago and remains closed to this day.
The Orthodox Church's Theological School of Halki
Istanbul's ferry terminal at dawn. The day's first ferry to the islands in the Marmara Sea is about to cast off. Boarding a ferry to the islands is the only way to reach the Orthodox Church's Theological School of Halki, the traditional place of training for clergy to staff the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinopel. While the Patriarchate remains here in Istanbul, as former Constantinople is called today, the Theological School is located on the island of Heybeli, about an hour's ride off the shores of Istanbul in the Marmara Sea.
The ferry is crammed full of Turkish holiday-makers heading out for a picnic on the islands, but not a single orthodox seminarist is on board. No priests have been trained at Halki for almost 35 years – the school has been closed since 1971, when the Turkish government had it shut down.
The only Orthodox clergyman aboard is Father Dositeos Anagnostopoulos, an aide to the Patriarch of Constantinople, on his way to visit the closed seminary for the day. Father Dositeos is one of the very few remaining Greek Orthodox Christians in Istanbul, but he remembers better days:
"Nobody leaves his homeland for fun"
"When I graduated from high school in 1960, about 120.000 Greeks were living in Istanbul. Now, in the year 2005, about 2000 remain. Don't let them tell you all these people left just for fun, nobody leaves his homeland for fun."
Several waves of anti-Greek riots and disturbances in the 50s, 60s and 70s drove off most of those Greeks who had remained in Istanbul after the population exchange between Greece and Turkey in the 1920s. Their culture has all but vanished from Asia Minor and now their Church seems set to go the same way.
Father Dositeos, for example, has had no formal training as a priest, because the Halki school is closed and the church has no other seminary. Patriarch Bartholomew I recently ordained him priest in spite of his lack of training – that's how desperate the Church is these days.
If Halki cannot be re-opened very soon, the orthodox faith will become extinct in its historical homeland.
Muslim civil servants running a Christian Orthodox seminary?
During the crossing to Halki, Pater Anagnostopoulos tries to explain the conflict between the Orthodox Church and the Turkish state, which closed down all private institutes of higher learning in 1971. The Orthodox Church was faced with a choice of closing the seminary or handing it over to the Turkish state, which would have meant leaving the training of orthodox priests in the hands of civil servants – and Muslim civil servants to boot.
The seminary was duly closed and remains so to this day. Even though the ban on private universities was lifted long ago, the Turkish state continues to this day to demand complete control over religious education – including that of orthodox Christian priests, as Pater Dositeus Anagnostopoulos explains:
"This is what they tell us: If you want a theological school, got to the University of Instanbul and open a department of theology there, which Orthodox Christians and Muslims and anybody can attend. Well that's fine, but that's an academic education, what we need is a training facility for priests. So they ask us, why does it have to be Halki? And we say: Because it's been there for 150 years, why should it go anywhere else?"
Haliki – a fairy-tale castle with a spell
Halki is not going anywhere, that much becomes clear as the island of Heybeli slips into sight on the horizon and gradually grows larger as the ship draws near. The monastery, which dates from the 9th century, is perched atop the highest hill on the island, its ancient walls rising above the tree-tops of the forest surrounding it. Like a castle in a fairy-tale, Halki is doomed to sleep until the spell is broken.
The ferry makes only a brief stop at the sleepy island and quickly departs for the larger islands in a clatter of anchor chains, leaving just a handful of passengers on the jetty at Heybeli, among them Pater Anagnostopoulos.
A horse-drawn cart is required to continue the journey to the seminary, as there are no cars on Heybeli Island. A pair of rubber-shod horses draws the carriage up the hill at a sharp trot, slowing to a walk as the incline becomes ever steeper and the turns in the narrow road grow ever sharper.
At last the coachman pulls his team up outside the walls surrounding Halki, the Monastery and Theological School of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
The smell of incense wafts from the church into the well-kept gardens of the school, where the lawn is freshly mown, the flower-beds are neatly weeded and the paths are swept clean.
Halki could re-open tomorrow
Inside the seminary building, the smell of floor polish is strong. Old-fashioned desks are neatly lined up in a dozen classrooms, the scribbles and carvings of orthodox seminarists long since departed still visible on their surfaces. The blackboards are wiped, the rooms are aired and all is ready for those priests-in-training the Church so badly needs these days.
The school has daily been kept ready to continue its work for almost 35 years. If only permission was given, Halki could re-open tomorrow.
But the voices of the monks continue to echo through empty rooms in Halki. Only the bishop of Halki himself remains here permanently. Three orthodox monks from Greece and the United States are currently here on Turkish tourist visas to keep him company and look after the priceless library.
Every three months they must leave and re-enter the country to preserve their tourist status, for Turkey will not recognize them as anything else.
Will Halki ever be able to re-open? Will orthodox priests ever again be trained in the seminary which has produced some of the most illustrious leaders of orthodox Christendom? Speaking inside the monastery church, among the golden reflections of icons and candles, Pater Dositeus Anagnostopoulos gives vent to his frustration:
The Turkish state has a problem with religion in general
"We've never had a written answer from the Turkish government. All we hear from them are polite words, no criticism or abuse, mind you, but neither a promise nor an outright rejection – nothing definite at all."
And the reason for that is the fact that the Turkish state has a problem with religion – not so much with that of the few remaining Christians, but mostly with Islam – the faith of the vast majority of its citizens. If the Orthodox Church were to have the right to train its own clergy and to maintain its own seminary, the same rights would have to be granted to Muslim brotherhoods and sects – and that is something the fiercely secular Turkish state wants to prevent at all cost.
Holger Nollmann, vicar of the protestant German community of Istanbul and a frequent visitor to Halki, has been monitoring the debate for years. Strolling through the monastery grounds, Nollmann points out that the Turkish state would put itself in a difficult position if it were to allow Halki to re-open:
"It would hardly be feasible in that case to refuse Muslim groups or fundamentalist Muslim groups the right to open similar schools for themselves. So it would be very probable, if the orthodox school were opened, that other religious or ideological groups would open their own schools – and that simply cannot be in the interest of this Turkish state."
More freedom for Christianity = more freedom for Islam
The recent advent of a moderately Islamic political party to power has not effected a change in this conflict – the effect has been rather the opposite. While Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, a pious Muslim, would be only too happy to grant greater religious freedom to all and to put an end to the iron grip of state control over religion, this matter is out of his hands – as Pater Dositeus Anagonstopoulos explains:
"The army doesn't want that, the army wants a purely secular, Kemalist state. Kemalism, does not forbid religion, but it controls religion and suppresses it. The army does not want the country to go back to being a Muslim country, they won't stand for it. Now, if our school were reopened and if the Christians were granted more religious freedom, the same freedoms would have to apply to Islam. We Christians are, as regards this problem, victims of the present situation in Turkey."
So in fact, the Orthodox Church is not itself the target of religious oppression by the Turkish state. The oldest Christian church in the world just happens to be caught in the crossfire between secularists and Islamists, between Kemalists and liberals, between military and civilian rulers that define the present political struggle power over Turkey's future.
While the parties to this conflict have plenty of manpower and time to slug it out, the ancient Orthodox Church has neither of those luxuries. Half its remaining clergymen are older than 70 or even 80 years. If new priests cannot graduate from Halki within a very few years, it will be too late – and the ancient Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople will be history.
Susanne Güsten


text:
PGI Foods International Co.,Ltd. received a DS64000 Zone 22 Extractor System on June 2017.
The DS64000 Extractor System with a 24m2 Cartridge Filter Class M is connected to 4 Suction Points whereas 2 suction points are operated at the same time. The purpose of this Extractor System is to extract airborne icing sugar powder from their mixer, filling station & sifting station. Khun May (Right), Production Supervisor said that our Ruwac extractor system has decreased the dust cloud within the small production area, which resulted in a healthier more productive working environmentThe DS64000 Extractor System with a 24m2 Cartridge Filter Class M is connected to 4 Suction Points
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subset: commoncrawl


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The proportions of the BMW 2 Series Gran Tourer indicate the versatility of the vehicle as soon as you set eyes on it. When viewed from the front, it appears to be sportily low-slung. The wide kidney grille forms the optical focal point and is lower than the headlights, which creates a dynamic look that is unique in this vehicle segment.
In profile, the high roof line, large doors and upright Hofmeister kink provide an impression of just how roomy the interior is. At the same time, the vehicle is optically elongated by precise contours and extended windows.
The rear also gives a hint of the spacious interior. The horizontal alignment of the contours and surfaces and the elongated lights that are set wide apart emphasise the vehicle broad stance.
Discover the BMW 2 Series Gran Tourer on film.
The LED headlights with cornering lights optimally illuminate the road, making night driving more relaxed and safer. The headlights feature bright and efficient bi-LED light for low-beam and high-beam headlights.
Along with the tail lights, the cornering lights also feature LED technology. By switching on the low-brightness cornering lights, better side illumination is achieved in urban areas, so the driver can recognise pedestrians and bicyclists sooner, for example. At speeds between 40 and 70 km/h, the cornering lights also function as static curve illumination.
The double corona rings and LED daytime driving and parking lights in the main headlights' light tubes create a striking and unmistakable appearance.
The panorama glass roof provides mesmerising views and allows a great deal of light into the interior, lending it a particularly spacious and open ambience. If the sunlight is too bright, the roller sunblind can be simply and smoothly closed. With slide and lift functions, the panorama glass roof provides a variety of options for great ventilation. If the glass roof is put into venting position, the sunblind is automatically rolled back to allow the desired airflow. And the integrated wind deflector automatically springs into action to minimise turbulence when driving with the roof open.
If you want to discover the big wide world with the BMW 2 Series Gran Tourer, all you have to do is get into the vehicle. Because free space is at a premium in the interior. The large windscreen and optional panorama glass roof help to create an open, light-filled atmosphere, which can be further intensified by the optional lighting package.
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At the rear, the interior is characterised by its versatility. The seat bench can be divided in a 60:40 ratio lengthways. In addition, the rear seat backrests can be folded down in a 40:20:40 split. And then there's the optional third row of seats that provides room for two additional passengers.
Ambient light
Ambient light including an impressive Welcome illumination pleasantly and elegantly lights up the interior with a stylish combination of direct and indirect lights, conveying a sophisticated lounge atmosphere. The lights are located in the centre console and in the footwells, for example. Front and rear reading lights are also included.
The material concept for the BMW 2 Series Gran Tourer focuses on the refreshingly modern nature of the vehicle. In addition to the cloth seats, there are also selected leather upholsteries available, complete with perforations and contrast stitching that – depending on the equipment variants chosen – are also present on the dashboard and centre console.
Large galvanised trims on the dashboard divide the air inlets and thereby emphasise the light impression of the interior. Exclusiveness and a premium look & feel are also provided by chrome applications, which are available as an option. Trims on the dashboard and door are available in Silver or Aluminium, in elegant Black or in fine-wood.
In typical BMW manner, all important operating elements in the cockpit of the BMW 2 Series Gran Tourer are orientated towards the driver. They are crowned by the 8.8" free-standing Control Display, which, together with the 'floating' centre console, reflects the premium quality and light, modern character of the interior. Perfectly positioned at viewing height, it can be combined with, for example, a navigation system to provide you with important information in brilliant quality – even in unfavourable lighting conditions.


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Madonna has given a thumbs-up to "Glee's" upcoming episode featuring her music.
"I think Mr. Schuester is very cute," Madonna said in a statement, referencing Matthew Morrisons's "Glee" club leader/teacher character at McKinley High School.
"And I'm glad he's doing such a good job empowering all the girls," the Material Mom added.
As previously reported on AccessHollywood.com, on April 20, "Glee" devotes their entire hour to Madonna songs in an episode titled, "The Power of Madonna."
The episode follows Mr. Schuester as he expresses concern that the ladies of the glee club are being disrespected and bullied by the male members.
In order to give the girls confidence, Mr. Shue asks the glee club girls to tackle Madonna songs "in the hopes that the girls embrace Madonna's strength, independence and confidence so that the guys will see the errors of their misogynistic ways," FOX said in a statement.
Among the tracks performed on the episode are "Express Yourself," "Like A Prayer" and "Vogue," the latter track which fans were able to watch during a commercial break from Tuesday night's spring season premiere of "Glee."
The "Vogue" clip, starring Jane Lynch as Sue Sylvester, Amber Riley as Mercedes and Chris Colfer as Kurt, has already become an Internet sensation, as a fitting tribute to Madonna's original clip.
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Madonna's Men
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Daring! Dramatic! Fabulous! Hot Shots Of Hollywood's Divas
PLAY IT NOW: Dish Of Salt: 'Glee' Cast Celebrates Return To TV
PLAY IT NOW: On TV: FOX's 'Glee' Returns (April 8, 2010)
Madonna Offers Approval Of 'Glee's' 'Power Of Madonna' Episode
Madonna has given a thumbs-up to "Glee's" upcoming episode featuring her music.


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Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, transfected with either 100 nM SignalSilence® Control siRNA (Fluorescein Conjugate) #6201 (-), SignalSilence® PKA C-α siRNA II (+) or SignalSilence® PKA C-α siRNA I #6406 (+), using PKA C-α Antibody #4782 and α-Tubulin (11H10) Rabbit mAb #2125. The PKA C-α antibody confirms silencing of PKA C-α expression and α-Tubulin (11H10) Rabbit mAb is used to control for loading and specificity of PKA C-α siRNA.
Product Information
CST recommends transfection with 100 nM PKA C-α siRNA 48 to 72 hours prior to cell lysis. For transfection procedure, follow protocol provided by the transfection reagent manufacturer. Please feel free to contact CST with any questions on use.
Each vial contains the equivalent of 100 transfections, which corresponds to a final siRNA concentration of 100 nM per transfection in a 24-well plate with a total volume of 300 μl per well.
SignalSilence® siRNA is supplied in RNAse-free water. Aliquot and store at -20ºC.
SignalSilence® PKA C-α siRNA II from Cell Signaling Technology (CST) allows the researcher to specifically inhibit PKA C-α expression using RNA interference, a method whereby gene expression can be selectively silenced through the delivery of double stranded RNA molecules into the cell. All SignalSilence® siRNA products are rigorously tested in-house and have been shown to reduce target protein expression by western analysis.
The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA or cAPK) in mammalian cells and controls many cellular mechanisms such as gene transcription, ion transport, and protein phosphorylation (1). Inactive PKA is a heterotetramer composed of a regulatory subunit (R) dimer and a catalytic subunit (C) dimer. In this inactive state, the pseudosubstrate sequences on the R subunits block the active sites on the C subunits. Three C subunit isoforms (C-α, C-β, and C-γ) and two families of regulatory subunits (RI and RII) with distinct cAMP binding properties have been identified. The two R families exist in two isoforms, α and β (RI-α, RI-β, RII-α, and RII-β). Upon binding of cAMP to the R subunits, the autoinhibitory contact is eased and active monomeric C subunits are released. PKA shares substrate specificity with Akt (PKB) and PKC, which are characterized by an arginine at position -3 relative to the phosphorylated serine or threonine residue (2). Substrates that present this consensus sequence and have been shown to be phosphorylated by PKA are Bad (Ser155), CREB (Ser133), and GSK-3 (GSK-3α Ser21 and GSK-3β Ser9) (3-5). In addition, combined knock-down of PKA C-α and -β blocks cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of Raf (Ser43 and Ser259) (6). Autophosphorylation and phosphorylation by PDK-1 are two known mechanisms responsible for phosphorylation of the C subunit at Thr197 (7).
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Luiz Mott saves Catholic Church from suffering mega pedophilia scandal
By Julio Severo
A seminarian left a Catholic seminar because he thought it was not the ideal place for him. He ended up finding in Marxism most of the answers for his sexual "needs."
Today, the former seminarian is not only an open homosexual, but also the most prominent homosexual leader in Brazil. He is also accused of defending pedophilia. See here: http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2007/jul/07073011.html
It is not easy for you to hide for a long time homosexuality and pedophilia in an environment where there are Christian moral restrictions.
But inside of Marxism and the movement homosexual, you can leave the closet, and receive due protection, because illusions and lies are a part of the homosexual and Marxist game.
So there are no daily pedophilia scandals coming directly from the homosexual movement or from the Marxist movements. It is as if there were no sexual threat to boys in their midst. It is as if these movements were a paradise of sexual purity, the ideal place for babies and boys.
However, that is in no way the reality. In 2007, I exposed to Brazil in my blog Dr. Denilson Lopes, a Brazilian university professor that published the article "Loving Boys: Pedophilia and the Contemporary Intolerance" in a homosexual website. To see his full article in Portuguese saved in my blog, follow this link: http://juliosevero.blogspot.com/2007/07/pedofilia-and-homossexualismo.html
After 3 years, no authority has taken any action. But I wonder that if I had referred to the pedophilia advocate as "Father Denilson Lopes", in less than 3 days the national and international media, prosecutors, federal police agents and a group of other creatures would appear in a hurry to denounce "another scandal of pedophilia in the Catholic Church", omitting the obvious fact that, above all, Lopes is homosexual. By the way, Lopes is very well sheltered and protected in the Marxist academic environment.
With university professors like Lopes and Mott, who now will write the "Pedophilic Collective" to open the secrets of that Marxist and homosexual closet?
Mott's option for Marxism and the homosexual movement was an issue of mere survival then.
However, on one side it would have been good if he had become priest or bishop. Only this way his scandals would forcedly be unlocked from the closet to the public by a media always ready to cover up pedophilia inside of Marxism and in the movement homosexual, but that it never loses an opportunity to denounce priests who abuse boys. But, of course, without never mentioning their homosexuality, because it compromises fatally the homosexual movement.
For the leftist media, in that dirty game the only immorally valid attitude is to compromise the Catholic Church and her stances against abortion and homosexuality.
Certainty if Vatican embraced totally Marxism, promoting abortion and officially ordaining homosexual priests, bishops and cardinals, the pedophilia scandals involving the Catholic Church would disappear mysteriously on the news media. After all, friends protect friends.
If the Catholic Church made that official change, the Marxist media would be forced to seek another scapegoat: conservative evangelical churches. The show then would begin: daily scandals of pedophilia of ministers and other leaders bursting wildly before the public.
The homosexual movement and the Marxist elite, which control the mainstream press, know very well what they do when they "report" cases of homosexual abuse of boys inside of the Catholic Church, using her as a scapegoat of the consequences of the conduct that they so much stimulate at schools and in society.
But a homosexual is a homosexual, whether in the Catholic Church, in evangelical churches, in Marxism or in the movement homosexual.
The vast majority of the pedophilia scandals in the Catholic Church involves boys' sexual abuses, that is, homosexual priests abusing underage males.
But why to think that only inside of the Catholic Church homosexuals commit sexual abuses against boys? Why to think that in Marxism and in the homosexual movement they automatically become sexual saints and protectors of children?
Around world, nobody today is seeking more the children's sexual liberation than homosexual groups. And, believe it or not, because of their fight for children's sexual "liberation" they are considered children's advocates. In that sense, it seems that Luiz Mott just wants to be a pioneer in Brazil of that noble "liberation."
Even with those clear signs, see the special treatment that the Marxist media would grant Mott, depending on his choice:
1. As a priest or bishop, Mott would be exposed as a demon of pedophilia inside of the Catholic Church. The media would use him to lead the public to understand that men's sex with boys has everything to do with the Catholic Church and her moral values, but absolutely anything to do with homosexuality. He would be presented as a pedophilic scandal produced by the Catholic Church. They would say, "What a hideous and criminal thing: Father Mott involved in pedophilia!"
2. As a Marxist and leader of the Brazilian gay movement, he is portrayed as an angel, having been awarded by former Brazilian president Fernando Henrique Cardoso and by the current Brazilian president Lula for having founded the Gay Group of Bahia, which wearisomely chatters that Brazil is having a "homocaust". Even with his pro-pedophilia declarations, nobody in the mainstream press in Brazil calls him a "pedophilia scandal produced by the homosexual movement". In fact, they would say, "What a beautiful thing: Dr. Luiz Mott, a professor in the Federal University of Bahia, advocating the children's sexual rights!"
While Mott stays in Marxism and in the homosexual movement, he will be protected and enjoying all the kinds of privileges from the press and the government. But woe to him if he wants to be a priest or bishop. The media won't forgive him.
Moral lesson? If one wants to hide his sexual perversions, he should not do it in the Catholic Church and any other Christian church. Marxism and the homosexual movements are the ideal closet to hide dirty secrets.
How can the Catholic Church in Brazil face that media dishonesty suported by the homosexual movement and Marxism?
By radically closing herself to the "liberation" theology and by radically opening her up to the Holy Spirit and his gifts. When Mott studied in a Catholic seminar, it was an excellent opportunity for him to receive deliverance.
According to Mark 16, Jesus Christ's follower has the power and the authority to minister healing and deliverance for the oppressed, and undeniably Mott entered the seminar oppressed by homosexuality. But Catholic seminaries were infected by liberation theology and by a sickening liberalism. Homosexuality is not an uncommon addiction among liberals, whether Catholics or not.
To avoid boys' sexual abuse, the Catholic Church and all of the Christian churches should make a rigorous selection to hinder closed homosexuals from being ordained. And they should get ready, under the power and anointing of the Holy Spirit, to work with all those that enter in their seminars with homosexual problems. In fact, that apostolic approach should be rule for all those that enter in Christian churches.
The answer to prevail over the biased media, the homosexual movement and the Marxist movements is the Holy Spirit. No power on the earth, under the earth or in the spiritual spheres is mightier than the Holy Spirit.
The Holy Spirit is also the answer for homosexuals who, as Luiz Mott, enter in the seminar in search of spiritual solutions, but they find only liberalism and more homosexuality. The Holy Spirit delivers from the worst homosexual addictions, including sex with boys.
Actually, by leaving the seminary, Mott saved the Catholic Church from a mega scandal. But if somebody there had helped him to know and experience the Holy Spirit, instead of saying today that Christianity is oppressive, Mott would be testifying that he was delivered from a big oppression.
Now, who will save him who saved the Catholic Church?
Portuguese version of this article: Luiz Mott livra Igreja Católica de sofrer mega-escândalo de pedofilia


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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents and Young Adults With Neurofibromatosis and Chronic Pain
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01633008
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : July 4, 2012
Last Update Posted : September 30, 2019
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
- Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder that can cause frequent and significant pain. This pain can have a severe impact on a person s quality of life.
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a new type of therapy that may help people manage pain. It teaches behavioral techniques that can be used to change how people react to pain. ACT may help people with NF1 cope better with the pain associated with the disorder. Researchers want to test ACT techniques to see if they can improve coping in people with NF1 pain.
- To see if ACT can help treat chronic pain in adolescents and young adults who have NF1.
- Adolescents and young adults between 12 and 21 years of age who have chronic pain associated with NF1.
- Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. They will also complete a set of questionnaires about their pain levels, quality of life, and medications that they are taking.
- Participants will take part in a training workshop for ACT. It will consist of three 2-hour sessions over 2 consecutive days. The workshop will teach techniques for setting goals that reflect personal values, and changing the focus from pain avoidance to pain management. There will be practice exercises between each session.
- At the end of the workshop, participants will receive a workbook with the exercises to continue to practice at home. Participants will be encouraged to spend at least 20 minutes, three times per week, on these practice exercises.
- There will be a followup phone call to check on pain management after the workshop.
- Three months after the first study visit, participants will complete the study questionnaires again from home. They will provide more information about how they are managing their pain. The questionnaires will be returned by mail in an envelope provided by the study team.
|Condition or disease
|Behavioral: ACT Workshop
|Early Phase 1
- Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 in 3,500 individuals.
- A number of common clinical manifestations, including plexiform neurofibromas, scoliosis, and chronic headaches, can cause frequent and significant pain and impact quality of life.
- Often, NF1-related pain is not well-controlled with medication and many of the medications cause significant side effects.
- To our knowledge, no studies have examined the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for chronic pain in individuals with NF1.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a newer generation of cognitive-behavioral therapy, focuses on encouraging individuals to engage in more adaptive ways of coping with pain or distress.
- In helping individuals with pain, the goal of ACT is not to eliminate the person s pain, but to optimize the person s quality of life despite their pain.
- To evaluate whether the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) group demonstrates improvement on the Modified Brief Pain Inventory scale from baseline to 3 months in adolescents and young adults with NF1 and chronic pain.
- To examine changes in patient s functional ability, quality of life, pain-related coping, pain-related anxiety, pain severity, and depression from baseline to 3 months
- To examine the effects of ACT on parents psychological well-being, overall stress, and ability to cope with their child s pain
- To explore the relationship between changes in patients pain interference, functional ability, pain-related coping, pain-related anxiety, pain severity, depression and treatment adherence with demographic variables, parent stress, and parent coping
- To collect preliminary data on the value of ACT to guide the potential development of a future phase II trial
Patients ages 12 to 21 with a confirmed diagnosis of NF1.-Parents of participating patients.-The patient must indicate a score of 3 or higher on a pain item (1 5 scale) from a quality of life measure assessing the extent to which pain has interfered with the patient s daily functioning over the past month.
- This is a behavioral study to determine the feasibility and potential benefit of an ACT intervention on pain interference from baseline to 3 months post-intervention.
- A sample size of 12 patients is needed to provide 90% power for detecting a change of .77 standard deviations on the total pain interference score of the M-BPI using a 1-sided .1 level test.
- ACT workshops will be scheduled multiple times over approximately five months and will be comprised of three 2-hour sessions held over two consecutive days
- Measures assessing pain interference, pain coping, pain-related anxiety, quality of life, functional disability, depression, and pain severity will be administered to patients prior to the ACT intervention and 3 months later.
- At the same time points, a parent or legal guardian of each patient will complete measures assessing their child s quality of life, functional disability, depression, and pain severity, as well as the parent s own psychological functioning and ability to cope with their child s pain
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|28 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Single Group Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents and Adults With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Chronic Pain: A Pilot Study
|Study Start Date :
|June 15, 2012
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|May 1, 2014
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|January 10, 2017
Experimental: 1
Attend three 2-hour sessions held over two consecutive days
Behavioral: ACT Workshop
The ACT workshops will consist of a patient program and a corresponding parent program, each focusing on helping participants cope with the patient s pain more effectively using ACT techniques
- Pain improvement [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
- Value of the ACT for future Ph2 trial. [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
- Psychological well-being & stress changes in parents [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
- Explore improvements of pain interference, abilities, coping, anxiety,depression, etc [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
- Relationship between pain and treatment adherence [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|12 Years to 99 Years (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Subjects must be between 12 and 21 years of age at the time of the intervention. Because the research on the effectiveness of ACT with children younger than 12 is still emerging, children 11 and younger will be excluded from the present study.
For the clinical diagnosis of NF1 all study subjects must have two or more diagnostic criteria for NF1 listed below (NIH Consensus Conference):
- Six or more cafe-au-lait spots (greater than or equal to 0.5 cm in prepubertal subjects or greater than or equal to 1.5 cm in postpuberta subjects)
- Greater than or equal to 2 neurofibromas or 1 plexiform neurofibroma
- Freckling in the axilla or groin
- Optic glioma
- Two or more Lisch nodules
- A distinctive bony lesion (dysplasia of the sphenoid bone or dysplasia or thinning of long bone cortex)
A first-degree relative with NF1
Response of 3 or higher on a pain item (1 5 scale) from a self-report quality of life measure (Impact of Pediatric Illness Scale) assessing the extent to which pain has interfered with the patient s daily functioning over the past month.
Ability of subject or Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
Subjects may be participating in other medical interventions for the treatment of their disease, or standard care techniques for pain management.
No anticipated major changes in their pain regimen or enrollment on a new treatment study in the near future.
Subjects must be able to read and comprehend the English language.
In the opinion of the PI or an AI, the subject has significant cognitive or emotional difficulties that would prevent them from being able to understand and/or participate fully in the intervention or the measures.
Subjects who are participating in any other treatment studies, either medical or behavioral, for pain management.
Subjects who are scheduled to begin a new drug protocol for the treatment of their NF1 during the time of their enrollment on the current study.
Inability to travel to the NIH, for example, due to physical limitations, for the scheduled workshop and evaluations.
No groups in regards to gender, race, or ethnicity are being excluded from participation in the trial.
Parents must have a child with NF1 who is participating in this protocol as a patient.
Ability to read and comprehend the English language.
Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
If a minor patient meets all eligibility criteria but his or her parent does not (i.e., in the case where a parent does not speak English), the patient will not be allowed to participate.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01633008
|United States, Maryland
|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
|Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
|Principal Investigator:
|Staci M Peron, Ph.D.
|National Cancer Institute (NCI)
|Responsible Party:
|National Cancer Institute (NCI)
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|July 4, 2012 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|September 30, 2019
|Last Verified:
|January 10, 2017
Modified Brief Pain Inventory
Quality of Life
Pain-Related Coping
Pain-Related Anxiety
Neurofibromatosis 1
Chronic Pain
Neurologic Manifestations
Signs and Symptoms
Nerve Sheath Neoplasms
Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue
Neoplasms by Histologic Type
Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Nervous System Diseases
Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Neuromuscular Diseases
Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms
Nervous System Neoplasms


text:
Nobody's business, huh?
After hopping on a plane to meet up with Chris Brown in Berlin Wednesday, Rihanna made no secret that the duo was still spending time together.
Rihanna and Chris Brown spend Thanksgiving together in Berlin
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
"Dis n-gga....... #BartObsessed," Rihanna tweeted Saturday evening, along with an Instagram snap of what appears to be a shirtless Brown lying face down on a bed that has a Simpsons comforter on it.
While the "Diamonds" singer never mentions her ex-boyfriend by name, the singer's tattoos are visible, and he tweeted a photo of himself just hours before, in which he is wearing the Bart Simpson jacket that is on the bed.
Rihanna recently laughed off romance rumors regarding Brown in a Facebook Live! chat with Andy Cohen, saying they were not dating again.


text:
Welcome to Hyperion Records, an independent British classical label devoted to presenting high-quality recordings of music of all styles and from all periods from the twelfth century to the twenty-first.
Hyperion offers both CDs, and downloads in a number of formats. The site is also available in several languages.
Please use the dropdown buttons to set your preferred options, or use the checkbox to accept the defaults.
from notes by Hamish Milne © 2012
extrait des notes rédigées par Hamish Milne © 2012
Français: Marie-Stella Pâris
aus dem Begleittext von Hamish Milne © 2012
Deutsch: Viola Scheffel
|Medtner: Arabesques, Dithyrambs, Elegies & other short piano works
Hamish Milne, whose name is synonymous with the music of Medtner, presents an enticing double album of the composer's miniatures, works that belie their size in emotional impact and sheer variety.» More
|Medtner: Demidenko plays Medtner
'Few can touch this stunning Demidenko programme, excellently recorded and featuring playing of the highest order' (BBC Music Magazine Top 1000 CDs Guide)
'I must be careful not to make this sound like an indiscriminate rave review, but what do you do when a disc of this calibre drops through your letter ...» More


text:
Abreu held out of lineup with back stiffness
CHICAGO -- White Sox manager Robin Ventura held Jose Abreu out of Tuesday's lineup due to back stiffness that he noticed while Abreu was playing on Monday against Kansas City.
"Last night, I was watching him run around. Going through the All-Star stuff and everything else not having a break, you just see little things, back stuff and him moving around," Ventura said. "I talked to him last night after the game and just being honest with him, and him being honest with me. So today was just a good day to do it."
Abreu has hit in 12 straight games and 30 of his last 31, while sitting on pace for 47 homers and 120 RBIs. The rookie first baseman missed 14 games earlier this year due to a left ankle issue, but he is expected back in the lineup for Wednesday afternoon's finale.
"His ankle has been fine. This is just more of you can see him stretching his back and doing some moves that you know it doesn't quite feel right," said Ventura, who mentioned Abreu was available to pinch-hit on Tuesday. "It's just more to give him a day.
"We talked about this a few days ago that every once in a while when things come up, just knowing that he's starting to get to the most games he's ever played in a year portion. When things like this happen, you just give him a day."


text:
April is Autism Awareness Month, and Harrison is hoping state lawmakers pass the Autism Insurance Reform Bill, which would require private healthcare policies to provide coverage of the diagnosis and continuing treatment of autism spectrum disorders. April also marks the release of a new book, "Raindrops on Roman" written by Elizabeth Scott who retrained her son Roman's autistic brain
Every morning before the school bus arrives, Charis Harrison, 8, makes sure he has enough time to play catch with his father, Daniel Harrison.
It is a routine Charis created for himself. While simple, it's an achievement for Charis, who is autistic.
Charis, of Wareham, was diagnosed with autism when he was 20 months old, and has since made great strides in overcoming challenges related to the disability.
But Charis' parents, like many parents of autistic children, say he would be doing even better if he received the level of services that were cut off when he turned three years old.
"In general, Charis has made progress, but I look back and can be regretful that I didn't fight sooner when it was harder to get the services he needed. Developmentally, at ages 3 and 4, it's much easier to train the brain than when a child with autism reaches his age," said Charis' mother, Tiffany Harrison.
April is Autism Awareness Month, and Harrison is hoping state lawmakers pass the Autism Insurance Reform Bill, which would require private healthcare policies to provide coverage of the diagnosis and continuing treatment of autism spectrum disorders.
April also marks the release of a new book, "Raindrops on Roman" written by Elizabeth Scott who retrained her son, Roman's, autistic brain by incorporating 78 "skills and drills" into his daily routine, curing him by the age of 4.
Autism is a disability that typically appears during the first three years of life and is the result of a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain, impacting development in the areas of social interaction and communication skills.
In 2007, the Center for Disease control estimated one in 150 children is diagnosed with autism. The disease can be overcome through applied behavioral analysis (ABA), sensory integration, speech, social skills and physical and occupational therapies.
Under federal law, children with autism are entitled to these services through Early Intervention, but the program is only offered from birth to age 3, leaving families like the Harrisons in a lurch when they cannot afford to pay the overwhelming costs of one-on-one care.
"Once he turned 3, it just stopped. It was like a shock. Our insurance was willing to provide speech and occupational therapy to an extent, but Charis really needed ABA and more speech hours. There's a big gap in what services experts recommend and what school districts provide," Tiffany Harrison said.
Sen. Marc Pacheco, co-sponsor of the Autism Insurance Reform Bill, said it's time for the state to take action.
"I've met dozens upon dozens of very caring families with wonderful, beautiful children challenged with autism and the stresses put on them are enough, not to mention the burden of expenses," Pacheco said. "We need to ensure optimum treatments, whether pharmaceutical, psychiatric or therapeutic are available to these children, especially for the very young when it is crucial."
Karen Oliveira, a special education teacher at Minot Forest Elementary School in Wareham who works with five autistic students, said the bill "should've come a long time ago."
"Insurance needs to cover services as soon as a child is diagnosed, or even before they're officially diagnosed because it will only help us in the long run enable these kids to do better as adults. People don't understand how important this is. Pretty soon everybody will know somebody on the autism spectrum," she said.
Nicole Allen of Wareham said the Autism Insurance Reform Bill would not only help her autistic son, Logan, 7, but her entire family.
"If we had someone come to our home just a couple hours a day and work with Logan, it would be life changing for our entire family. We also worry about Logan getting diabetes because he's a compulsive eater as a result of his autism. Everyone else in my family needs to be treated for something that could easily be fixed with someone helping Logan," she said.
The Enterprise


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text:
Evaluation of Heavy Metal in Soils From Enyimba Dumpsite in Aba, Southeastern Nigeria Using Contamination Factor and Geo-Accumulation Index
- Amadi Akobundu N.
- Nwankwoala H. O.
AbstractThe manner in which municipal wastes generated are disposed in most urban areas in Nigeria is worrisome. The upsurge in population density and its resultant increase in urbanization and industrialization and the amount of waste generated in Aba, are of great concern. The objective of this research is to evaluate the concentration of some heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of Enyimba dumpsite in Aba, Nigeria. Thirty soil samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for some heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method and multivariate statistical techniques. Twenty-five of the samples were obtained from the vicinity of the dumpsite while five samples are collected far away from the dumpsite to serve as control samples. The overall decreasing metal concentration in the dumpsite soil is: Cd > Co > Cu > Zn > As > Pb > Mn > Ni > Cr. A positive correlation exists between Cd and organic matter (r = 0.598). Geo-accumulation index and contamination factor showed a moderate contaminated with Cd only while the other metals are in their uncontaminated level. Factor analysis revealed four major components accounting for 78.82% of cumulative variance of the contamination: Cd, Cu, Co and organic matter; Pb, Zn and pH; Mn, As, clay + silt and finally Cr and Ni. From the above observations, it is evident that only Cd showed more pronounced level of pollution than any other metal. The need to replace open dumpsites with well designed sanitary landfills is advocated.
- Full Text: PDF
- DOI:10.5539/eer.v3n1p125
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Journal Metrics
(The data was calculated based on Google Scholar Citations)
Google-based Impact Factor (2018): 13.22
h-index (January 2018): 12
i10-index (January 2018): 18
h5-index (January 2018): 9
h5-median(January 2018):14
- Lesley LuoEditorial Assistant
- email@example.com


text:
The Economic Times of India is reporting Tata has teamed up with German engineering firm FEV (who's also developing the hybrid system on the Mahindra Scorpio) to bring an 800 cc, turbocharged, two-cylinder diesel to the engine bay of the Tata Nano. Already blessed with a $2500 price tag and rumored to have a compressed air engine on the way, the story of the Nano just keeps getting more and more interesting.
News of a diesel option isn't really that earth shattering, as Ratan Tata, the man himself, has been quoted saying, "By and large we've always been a diesel company, so we will have a diesel version that will follow." This new diesel variant would be the smallest and most fuel-efficient offering in the Indian marketplace. Not only that, but the 0.8-liter mill dwarfs the standard 623 cc gas engine, and would probably make the Nano D the standout performance leader in the range — though more than likely the priciest offering as well. Is there something wrong with us if we really, really want three Nanos with different powerplants so we can race down the main drag, Shriner-style? [Economic Time]


text:
Aerial Drone Filming and Photography In Hallandale Beach Florida
Imagine viewing a new property through aerial footage. The marketing possibilities are endless and truly a unique opportunity exists for this type of photography and videography in Hallandale Beach FL 33009. Drones can easily be equipped with a high-resolution camera enabling it to shoot video and capture still images that would not otherwise be obtained.
There is so much you can see from such a view compared to when we drive down a street or an area like Hallandale Beach Florida. Many areas can't be seen in all of its beauty due to the terrain or you just being in one area.
Real Estate Aeiral Photograpy in Broward County
Luxury properties are the primary users of this newer aeiral drone technology. A potential buyer can view the photos or video and can experience what the land looks like, the architecture of the home and get a feeling for the size and layout of the Hallandale Beach property. They say a picture can be worth a thousand words and the stunning images that a drone can capture of a property in Hallandale Beach Florida 33009 can potentially mean the difference in a sale or no sale. Drones allow for an innovative new way to market a property through a groundbreaking technology presenting a new and exciting technology for the real estate industry. Not only do they allow for a birds eye view of a property, but additionally they can serve as a convenient way to inspect a roof and other parts of a home.
Event Marketing With Drones
When you successfully market your event or business, using a newer form of marketing, you get an edge on your competition. If you don't only focus on just trying to prove you have a better product or service, you will come out ahead of your competitor. Some of your marketing should be on diversifying the methods you use to reach your niche market in your Broward County area. The connection you make with them can influence buying decisions. With the images from drone photography, it is possible for you to do just that. You can give something refreshing that gets the attention of your niche market. When there is something about that marketing method that reels them in, they are more likely to make a buy.
Beautiful Hallandale Beach FL 33009 ariel views can help you can also help you with mapping for future business growth and decisions. It can help you to develop ideas and bringing them to life. It can help you to pitch your idea to the group and to get them on board with it. Such mapping is a great way to see growth and changes that can benefit your business for the long haul thanks to drone photography in Hallandale Beach FL 33009.
Construction projects can also benefit from mapping out your future projects. You may have to think about what barriers would be in the way or what would need to be cleared away. It is better to understand what the possible concerns will be and create a play to offset them than to dive in and then have extra costs and delays for the construction project.
Finding a Drone Photographer in Hallandale Beach Florida –
Hiring a video professional to complete drone photography project for you is a great idea! You can use the images they capture for marketing or for business decisions. Ariel views offer a new prospective that you and your customers don't get when you are looking at the place directly. Seeing Hallandale Beach FL from a new angle can make a world of difference. While there are unlimited benefits from drone photography, what you can gain from it depends on who you hire. You don't want to cut corners with this or the value won't be there. Find a provider who you can share your needs with. Based on that information, they can tell you what they offer that would help you to do your goals.
They may need to ask you for further information before they can come to the option phase. There may be elements of the process you didn't think about. Don't worry though, they are the experts and they will help you to navigate through all of it.
Only consider hiring those experts in Hallandale Beach FL 33009 with a proven record of taking excellent images and meeting consumer needs. They should be able to deliver a high level of professionalism from start to finish. You also need to find out when they can complete the work and the cost. All of this information can help you to make the best possible decision.
The AR.Drone is an electrical RC helicopter equipped with 2 integrated video cameras and you actually fly it utilizing your iPhone, iPod Touch or iPad, enabling you to watch the real-time video feeds coming directly from the helicopter itself. Yes … entirely great!
I lately merely saw this plaything at Brookstone, which is the just "brick-n-mortar" retailer that offers this item. This remote control helicopter is actually referred to as a "Quadricopter" since it is powered with 4 electric motor props.
The AR.Drone functions well indoors and also outdoors. When flying it within, it has a safety "shield" described as a "hull", in case you bump into anything inside your house. In a much more open area outdoors, you could take the complete hull off. It is powered with a lithium-ion battery that should last concerning 20 mins of flying time, so you could intend to take into consideration purchasing an additional battery. And the "push-button control" component is actually done with a Wi-Fi link between your iPhone/Touch/iPad as well as the AR.Drone.
The Parrot AR Drone helicopters are furnished with 2 video cameras. First camera is fitted at the front as well as is 93 degrees wide. This electronic camera has capacity of videotaping photos at 15 fps rate. These pictures are returned to user interface, through a wi-fi network. An Apple iPod or apple iphone works as a remote user interface. An aviator, who holds the Apple apple iphone, checks out the images sent out by the first cam. These pictures are moved in real time allowing pilot to see where his copter is, at that extremely minute. This likewise helps aviator in controlling his helicopter precisely. The pictures are seen on apple iphone touch display in VGA resolution. Making use of touch display enables aviator to run his controls much more effectively and create lower fatigue to his fingers compared to the traditional stick controls. The controls on touch screen are also extremely simple to run as well as anyone can discover them quickly. The use of apple iphone to run the helicopter is not a constraint however an advantage. The computing ability of an apple iphone provides effective direct user interface which is required to operate the copter.
87379 6th Avenue Rd Hallandale Beach Florida 33009 Broward County


text:
Managing Pregnancy and Bipolar Disorder
Many women with chronic mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder, become pregnant or plan to have children at some point in their lives. Managing bipolar disorder throughout a pregnancy is a delicate balance of the risks and benefits of the illness versus treatment, and should be done in close collaboration with knowledgeable professionals, both psychiatric and obstetric. Many women are concerned about the impact of a pregnancy on their illness and about the potential effects of medications they take on their child.
Managing Pregnancy and Bipolar Disorder
Because bipolar disorder typically emerges during young adulthood and persists throughout the lifespan, the illness usually overlaps with a woman's prime childbearing years. Pregnancy and delivery often increase the symptoms of bipolar disorder: pregnant women or new mothers with bipolar disorder have a sevenfold higher risk of hospital admission and a twofold higher risk for a recurrent episode, compared with those who have not recently delivered a child or are not pregnant.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry also found substantial risks associated with discontinuing bipolar medications around the time of pregnancy: women who discontinued medication between six months prior to conception and 12 weeks after conception were more than twice as likely to suffer a recurrence of at least one episode of the illness (85.5 percent compared to 37.0 percent). These same women experienced bipolar symptoms throughout 40 percent of the pregnancy, compared with only 8.8 percent of the time for women who continued medications throughout the pregnancy. Women who discontinued their medications abruptly were especially vulnerable to relapse.
Careful planning is very important and can help women with bipolar disorder minimize both their symptoms and risks to their children. This planning should happen well before conception, given the importance of the first four weeks after conception, and should continue throughout the pregnancy, postpartum, and breastfeeding periods. Also, since many pregnancies are unplanned, all women of childbearing age should talk to their psychiatrists about managing bipolar disorder throughout a pregnancy regardless of their future reproductive plans.
Our knowledge about the risks of untreated bipolar disorder, the risks and benefits of specific medications, and the predictors of relapse during and after pregnancy is still evolving. A 2004 review article concluded the following about medications used to treat bipolar disorder during pregnancy: Lithium and first-generation antipsychotics (e.g., Haldol, Thorazine) are preferred mood stabilizers because they consistently show minimal risks to the fetus. Some anticonvulsants (e.g., Depakote and Tegretol) have been proven harmful to fetuses, possibly contributing to birth defects. Studies show that exposure to only one mood stabilizing medication is less harmful to the developing fetus than exposure to multiple medications. Some details concerning specific medications are listed below.
For many people, lithium is a mainstay of their treatment for bipolar disorder. The decision to continue taking lithium during pregnancy can be life saving to the mother. Other women might switch to lithium because it has fewer risks to the developing fetus than their current medication. While taking lithium, it is important that women stay hydrated to prevent lithium toxicity in themselves and the fetus. Careful monitoring of lithium levels, especially during delivery and immediately after birth, can help prevent a relapse in the mother and will also show if there are high lithium levels in the infant. Lithium is the only drug proven to reduce the rate of relapse of illness from nearly 50 percent to less than 10 percent when women continue or begin lithium treatment after giving birth. Women who choose to breast-feed should know that lithium is secreted in breast milk. Breast-fed newborns whose mothers take lithium should have their blood monitored for lithium.
Since Depakote is a substance proven to have harmful effects on fetuses, many experts recommend that women switch to another mood stabilizer before conception. However, half of all women do not plan their pregnancies, and those taking Depakote who later become pregnant must weigh the risks and benefits of continuing this treatment. If a woman decides to continue taking Depakote, a single daily dose can be more harmful than separate doses. Experts recommend that doses of less than 1000 mg/day be taken in divided doses. It is recommended that women continuing Depakote also take vitamin K to help prevent conditions that affect the infant's head and face. No adverse effects have been reported among infants whose mothers were treated with Depakote. The American Academy of Neurology and the America Academy of Pediatrics agree that Depakote is compatible with breast-feeding.
Most experts feel that Tegretol should only be used during pregnancy if there are no other options. However, an unplanned pregnancy may not be discovered until after the risk period for the harmful effects of Tegretol has already passed. For women who choose to continue therapy with Tegretol, vitamin K should be taken to promote mid-facial growth and the formation of proper blood clotting factors in fetuses.<
It is important to note that women who start taking Tegretol after conception incur more risk of serious side effects (such as rare blood disorder and liver failure) than women receiving treatment with Tegretol at the time of conception. Concentrations of Tegretol in breast milk were low when measured in women who took this medication during pregnancy. The American Academy of Neurology and the American Academy of Pediatrics agree that Tegretol is compatible with breast-feeding. First-Generation Antipsychotic Medications First-generation antipsychotic medications continue to play a major role in the acute treatment of mania. Since they have a longer history of use than many mood stabilizers, their effect on pregnant women is better documented. Some health care professionals suggest that a woman's medication be switched from lithium or an anticonvulsant to a first-generation antipsychotic medication for either the entire pregnancy or the first trimester. The switch appears to be especially beneficial for women who have benefited from mood stabilization with these medications in the past. First-generation antipsychotic medications may also be useful to women who elect to stop medication therapy during pregnancy but experience a recurrence of symptoms while pregnant. Though studies are small, no adverse effects have been noted in the majority of cases where women take first-generation antipsychotic medications and breast-feed.<
Second-Generation Antipsychotic Medications
Few studies have been reported on the use of second-generation medications during pregnancy. Several second-generation antipsychotic medications have not yet been approved for maintenance therapy for bipolar disorder, including Seroquel (quetiapine) and Risperdal (risperidone). Early studies indicate that Zyprexa (olanzapine), which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute mania, is not associated with birth defects. However, Zyprexa has been associated with weight gain, gestational diabetes, and high blood pressure. Weight gain, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure should be monitored carefully in all pregnant women taking Zyprexa.
Tranquilizer and Sedative Medications
Difficulty sleeping and anxiety are powerful triggers for the recurrence of episodes in bipolar disorder. Tranquilizers and sedatives, which help to regulate sleep, may reduce the risk of episodes during or after pregnancy. Medications that stay in the body the least amount of time are preferred. Sedatives and hypnotics are excreted in breast milk, but there have been few reports of complications due to their use.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
When used in women who are pregnant, ECT may pose fewer risks than untreated mood episodes or treatment with medications known to be harmful to fetuses. Complications of ECT during pregnancy are uncommon. Monitoring heart rate and oxygen levels of the fetus during ECT can detect most problems, and medications are available to correct difficulties. Though some birth defects, developmental delays, or mental retardation have been described in the children of women who underwent ECT while pregnant, there is not a number or pattern to these reports that suggests a relationship to ECT. It is very important for pregnant women who undergo ECT to stay nourished and hydrated to help prevent premature contractions. Intubation or antacids may also be used to decrease the risk of gastric regurgitation or lung inflammation during anesthesia for ECT.
Psychosocial Interventions
Though little research has been done on the direct or indirect effects of non-pharmacological treatments, it is widely believed that psychotherapy can help improve functioning in social and occupational settings, minimize loss of sleep (which often precipitates mania), and help prevent relapses. Regular exercise, stress management, and other structured daily activities, which help minimize sleep deprivation and reduce rapid shifts in moods, are very important during pregnancy and during the post-partum period. Knowing the early warning signs of mood symptoms, which can differ from one woman to another, is also helpful and women can enlist loved ones and others as part of a support group to provide feedback. In conclusion, there is clearly a need for more research on bipolar disorder treatment during and after pregnancy. Women with bipolar disorder who are pregnant or plan to have children should work closely with knowledgeable health care providers to identify the best options for them. Information and careful planning are the keys to successfully managing bipolar disorder both during and after pregnancy.
1. Viguera AC, Whitfield T, Baldessarini RJ,
2. Yonkers KA, Wisner KL, Stowe Z, Leibenluft E, Cohen L. & Miller L. et al. (2004). Management of bipolar disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 608-620.
Adapted from an article in NAMI Advocate, Spring/Summer 2004, by Laura Lee Hall, Ph.D., NAMI senior research director, and Tina Renneisen, NAMI intern. Update by Laudan Aron, April 2008.
Reviewed by Lindsay 2-12-10


text:
Ten-year-old Becca could play "Annie" with her bright red hair and freckles. But Becca's too busy running the household. Whether it's bedtime or a visit to bubbe, Becca makes the rules. "I'm not going and you can't make me!" Her parents, afraid to upset her, fail to see this for what it is ... manipulation by "drama."
"If you make me go to school today, I'll throw up!" says David, eight. His "nervous stomach" is perfectly tuned to his "don't want-to-do" list. His parents let him "time off" watching Spongebob and learning to pronounce "gastroenteritis." They fail to see this for what it is ... manipulation by "blackmail."
"If you don't talk to Abby, I'll let you have my very best glitter. BUT if you do, I'll TELL EVERYONE THAT YOU ........." threatens Debby, 11. Abby was exiled, and her "friends" came to Debby's pajama party – in glitter. Mom thinks she's "popular," failing to see this for what it is ... manipulation by "bribery."
The goal of manipulation is more often the attempt to gain control over anxiety through avoidance.
Most of us think of manipulation as a method of getting something that's denied us, whether it's that vacation we want, or, the "upper-hand." Yet, the goal of manipulation is more often the attempt to gain control over anxiety through avoidance, especially in new or stressful situations. Even as ethical adults, who among us hasn't cancelled that root canal due to "flu" or begged off an unpleasant hospital visit?
With young children, every experience holds new anxiety-triggers. I've yet to meet a child who hasn't tried some of the tricks above to avoid fear of failure, loss of face, or challenges – at least once or twice.
But, when I use the term "manipulative child," I'm referring to those who routinely use devious devices. Tragically, while they may "win" through lying, whining, guilting, bullying or bribing in the short run, they'll inevitably face failure, frustration, a lack of esteem, confidence – and ethics in the long run.
After all, they've learned early that these avoidance tricks worked. As they head toward adulthood and find that life doesn't always suit them, these "skills" get shakier. Unable to exercise honest, ethical, straightforward strategies to manage anxiety, they flail powerless, and fail time and time again, sometimes dropping out, or turning to other risky behaviors,
bothered, bewildered, blaming – and remaining dependent "kids" until they're on Medicare. Listen ...
"My son's 42 and he still lives with me, rent-free, while I do his laundry and cook his meals."
"My daughter, 32, can't keep a husband or a job, and keeps demanding money. When I tell her I'm living on Social Security, she whines, begs, or argues!"
"We're sick of bailing our 25-year-old out! While other parents are worried about being 'empty-nesters,' we're praying to join them!"
As these "kids" continued on the path of subverting long term goals through opportunistic, deceptive behavior, they remained stunted; locked in infantile patterns that destroyed esteem and ethics, making true friendship and commitment to anything or anyone almost impossible.
Related Article: Discipline 911
Red Flags in Our Children
We know we're dealing with a manipulative child when he or she routinely:
- argues or whine incessantly over everything from rules to responsibilities.
- distorts or edits reality. Most popular is the circular "why" tactic. They'll come up with endless reasons why they can't/shouldn't/needn't do it, and why "it's stupid, unfair, or "unnecessary."
- wears us down like rabid trial lawyers until we give in.
- deceives us through promising, lying, making excuses, procrastinating or "negotiating" (like rabid trial lawyers).
Parents as Manipulative Partners
For these tricks to work, the child must have a willing partner – us! In a home where a child's manipulation rules, we've abdicated our parental role to that of "appeasers" and "fixers." Despite rationalizations, giving in is "easier" in the short-term, even if we're setting up disaster. The recipe for the care and feeding of little manipulators include parents who:
1. Try to appease their children and avoid any unpleasantness. When we fail to teach them how to manage reality or "change the rules" to accommodate them, we create wormholes for them to creep through.
2. Confuse boundaries between parent and child. When no one's in charge, our little ones "step up."
3. Foster dependence. When children expect others to "make them feel good," or solve their problems, failures becomes everyone else's fault.
4. Use manipulative discipline. False promises and bribing teach children how to play the game.
5. Place material things over deeper, ethical core values.
Breaking the Manipulation Cycle
It starts by not letting it start or continue.
1. We parents need to recognize our own "partnership." It's uncomfortable admitting we're afraid of not being "loved" by our children, of setting limits, but owning up is essential in stopping the cycle. More, we need to ask ourselves, "Do we whine, kvetch, avoid, blame, bully?" If so, we're teaching Manipulation 101.
2. Close wormholes! With new principles in place, get family rules and expectations in place. Post them. Consequences must be predictable and don't change with the decibel level of our child – or our inconvenience. At first, the child will become ever more "creative." Any exception is a set-back. The message: "It won't work!" will only work with absolute consistency.
3. Empathize and support without "fixing." Instead of doing that report for your child, or letting her stay home, the new response? "I know it's hard. I also know you can do it. Calm down and work." When we let them know we have expectations and trust their ability, instead of "I can't," they'll learn, "I can, and I must."
4. Reward truth, ethics, and yes, even failure. A successful adult owns it all honestly, then evaluates and persists.
It's our job to create successful adults. Adults who get what they want through straight-shooting, taking on challenges they fear, and accepting responsibility for themselves.
More, the non-manipulator will also be manipulation proof! A child who is sure-footed is unlikely to be bullied, conned, or controlled. All it requires is getting them off the manipulative merry-go-round, by standing our ground. And that means that we, as parents, must stand on firm ground.


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Israeli Dance: What's Happening in November
November is a month of festivals and foreign tours. For more details about these events and other performances, visit Dance In Israel's Calendars.
At Home
Lee In Soo's Modern Feeling is part of Tel Aviv Dance. Photo courtesy of Ora Lapidot.
Tel Aviv Dance 2009 is in full swing at the Suzanne Dellal Center and the Opera House. Still to come are companies and choreographers from France, Spain, Korea, and Israel. Check out the lineup in Tel Aviv Dance 2009 Mixes Global and Local Dance and get to the theater from now until November 13 to catch some of the best international dance around.
Sharon Vazanna's Walking Inside Water. Photo by Amina Husberg.
Noa Dar's Us premieres at Curtain Up 2009. Photo by Tamar Lamm.
Soon after Tel Aviv Dance finishes, another major festival will take its place on Suzanne Dellal's stage. Haramat Masach, or Curtain Up, is an annual platform for premieres by Israeli choreographers. To celebrate the Suzanne Dellal Center's 20th anniversary, this year the festival invited established choreographers to create new works and host fresh creations by emerging artists. Curtain 1 opens with Nimrod Freed plus Anat Grigorio and Dafi Altbeb; Curtain 2 pairs Vertigo Dance Company's Noa Wertheim with Elad Shechter; Curtain 3 boasts Yasmeen Godder and Iris Erez; Curtain 4 includes Tel Aviv Dance Company's Yaara Dolev and Michael Miler; Curtain 5 features Noa Dar with Maya Brinner and Irad Mazliah; and Curtain 6 closes with the team of Niv Sheinfeld and Oren Laor as well as Noa Shadur. The festival ends with a special performance of the Inbal Pinto Dance Company in Trout. Check back soon for more posts on Curtain Up 2009, and see below for articles about individual choreographers who will be participating in this year's festival.
Video: Rina Badash's Revealed Under the Covers
Although Curtain Up dominates the dance programming in late November, there are still a few dance performances to be found outside this platform. On November 26, Tmuna Theater will host Rina Badash's Revealed Under the Covers, a multidisciplinary work featuring a solo dancer, live music, and video art projected on four screens.
Ohad Naharin's MAX. Photo by Gadi Dagon.
After presenting Ohad Naharin's Hora and Mamootot at home during the Tel Aviv Dance festival, the Batsheva Dance Company is packing its bags for a European tour. Audiences in the Netherlands, France, and Germany can catch performances of Naharin's Mamootot, Deca Dance, MAX, and Sharon Eyal's Love. Want to read more about these works? Take a look at Mamootot: Challenging the Performer-Spectator Divide, Ohad Naharin's Deca Dance in Israel: A Cycle Completed, and MAX: Connecting to Ohad Naharin's Choreography.
Ohad Naharin teaching Gaga in Tel Aviv. Photo by Gadi Dagon.
Meanwhile in New York, Ohad Naharin will receive one of the 2009 Dance Magazine Awards on November 9. During his trip stateside, he will teach master classes in Gaga at Peridance in New York City from November 9-10. Hear some of the choreographer's thoughts on Gaga in Ohad Naharin on Gaga (Video).
Noa Wertheim's Mana. Photo by Gadi Dagon.
Further south in Washington D.C., Vertigo Dance Company will perform Noa Wertheim's new Mana at the General Assembly of The Jewish Federations of North America (the GA). This year the GA will meet from November 8-10, and Vertigo will perform at the opening plenary which also features a speech by President Barack Obama. Israeli audiences can see Mana when Vertigo performs at Curtain Up in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem.
Yasmeen Godder's Singular Sensation. Photo by Tamar Lamm.
Yasmeen Godder's dancers are also headed to Europe for more performances of Singular Sensation in Belgium and Germany. Learn more about the choreographer in Close Encounters Series: Yasmeen Godder.
For Young Dancers in Israel
Over the next several months, a select group of young aspiring dancers will develop their artistry in weekly Gaga classes and repertory workshops taught by members of the Batsheva company and staff. Want to be part of this project? If you're between the ages of 14 and 22, you can audition on November 10 at Studio Varda in the Suzanne Dellal Center. For more information, contact Michal at [email protected].
Related Articles on Dance In Israel
- Tel Aviv Dance 2009 Mixes Global and Local Dance
- Vertigo Dance Company: Art, Environment, Community
- Close Encounters Series: Yasmeen Godder
- Behind the Scenes at Gvanim: Shades of Dance Festival (about Michael Miler)
- Noa Dar Discusses Her Dance Career (Podcast)
- Niv Sheinfeld and Oren Laor: An Interview with Dramatic Dancemakers (Podcast)
- Inbal Pinto and Avshalom Pollak: An Interview on Imagination (Podcast)
- Mamootot: Challenging the Performer-Spectator Divide
- Ohad Naharin's Deca Dance in Israel: A Cycle Completed
- MAX: Connecting to Ohad Naharin's Choreography
- Gaga in Ohad Naharin on Gaga (Video)


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Beat the Streak Report: Thursday, Aug. 20
Today's recommended picks
Hanley Ramirez, SS, Marlins
.500 AVG (4-for-8) lifetime vs. Astros starter Wandy Rodriguez; NL-leading .358 AVG in '09
Nick Markakis, OF, Orioles
.355 AVG (27-for-76) since Aug. 1
Jhonny Peralta, 3B, Indians
.391 AVG (9-for-21) since '04 vs. Angels starter John Lackey
BTS all-time leader: Michael Karatzia, 49
MLB all-time leader: Joe DiMaggio, 56
Yesterday's results
The second-longest streak of the season reached its end yesterday when Joe Mauer wrapped up a 0-for-3 effort against the Rangers. Mike Hamman may one day put together another run for more than a month, but for now, his just-completed 43-game streak will be set in stone in the BTS annals.
Mike's streak fell two games shy of the season mark set by Tanner Nielsen in June. In an interesting coincidence, Tanner's streak was also ended by a hitless day from Mauer.
And because Mauer was the choice of the second-place contestant entering yesterday's action (we're guessing the Twins catcher may be on the receiving end of a bit of BTS-prompted hate mail), we have a couple of fresh faces at the top of the standings.
nicklarsen84, who received a 2-for-4 day from Derek Jeter, took over the top spot at 33 games. Motorhead slid into second at 32 games thanks to an identical 2-for-4 effort from Ichiro Suzuki, while diamondmike rode a 1-for-4 performance from Carl Crawford to move up to 31 games and claim third place.
Yesterday's Top 5 most selected players
1. Ichiro Suzuki (SEA): 7.6%, 2-for-4
2. Derek Jeter (NYY): 7.5%, 2-for-4
3. Placido Polanco (DET): 6.6%, 1-for-4
4. Hanley Ramirez (FLA): 5.8%, 1-for-4
5. Joe Mauer (MIN): 5.2%, 0-for-3
5 Comments
"The Little Magician" does it again! A double off Tigers lefty Jared Washburn!
Another tombstone on the road leading to a 57 game hitting streak – Mike Hamman
The ex-leader Mike Hamman should have gone on "auto-pilot" and taken Ichiro every day to get his streak to 57 games. You can not win this thing with yours picks only – you have to make some bold moves and trust "Lady Luck."
Good Luck to all today!
did you see the daily report only mention the top two people lost streaks. and nothing about anyone else?
i mean come on. we all know how many people lost streaks last nite. 35 people with streaks of 20 or more lost cuz they picked mauer
backrubs – The person who updates the report each day is so laid back he/she must be catatonic. He/she probably is the same person who does the "King's at the Plate" picks each day. Not a "go-getter" work ethic to say the least.
Who do you have today?
GUYS – Take a look at Ichirio for Friday.
David Huff of Tribe is a lefty – lefties are averaging .376 against him this year. His August ERA is +7.00 and he gives up a lot of hits.
I'm thinking that "The Little Magician" is going to get a hit off him on Friday.
I went with Ichie today. Searched all over but I couldn't find anyone convincing enough to kill my streak and end it all for this year. I didn't pick until the very end and I kept checking the Detroit weather too. You have to do that now. Before today's game, if you're at 11 and your games gets rained out, its all over for the grand prize.
Here is the thing though. It was a close call. Washburn pitched pretty good game. I think pitchers often make mistakes while getting warmed up with the first batter. It really wasn't a triumphant Ichie today.
Second, I know Huff looks perfectly matched for Ichie tomorrow but this is when the BTS God plays havoc on you. I will only go with Ichie if I don't see anyone else as convincing. He has been way too hot lately. Something I really cannot quantify or deduce from stats is when will the hot hitter have the off day. Impossible to tell. There were many games where everyone, including the pitcher, gets the hit except for that one guy where everything lined up perfectly.


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I am appalled by our insurance system. I live in a community that was flooded by Sandy, and while I see some people getting their homes and lives back, I see more who are not ["Rough road to recovery," News, Jan. 27]. Most of those who are not are people who had flood insurance.
Why is it that if you had no flood insurance and had to file a claim with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, those checks were written very quickly? Those of us who did the right thing to protect our property have had to endure a lengthy, frustrating process. This is just not right.
It has been 60 days since the second visit from the flood insurance company adjuster, and I am not getting anywhere. I have been waiting for a return phone call for four days and have sent the adjuster three emails with no response.
My family has been living in the upstairs of our home since the day after the flood, and our house has been gutted since the middle of November. I am enduring a bad lung infection due to the mold and dust in the house, but we will not leave because of the fear of break-in or theft. I feel like we will not get our lives back for many months to come, while my tax dollars went to help out someone else.
Caren Milheron, Amity Harbor
Nothing has been said about banks that hold loans on the damaged properties. They are holding the proceeds issued by homeowners' and flood insurance companies. The checks are written to both the homeowner and the bank, therefore the homeowner must give the check to the bank. Each bank has its own policy for releasing the funds.
In many cases, the bank wants the contractor who is doing the work to provide a detailed estimate. Then as the work progresses, an inspector from the bank verifies the work being done and releases a portion of the insurance check.
The problem is that the contractor and suppliers have to wait to be paid. Banks are moving very slowly to send their inspectors, and then it takes an inordinate time to issue funds.
We used up our savings to get our rebuilding under way. We have replaced our electrical and heating systems, walls and floors. Now work has stopped as we wait for funds from the bank. When I have spoken to a bank representative, it has been one excuse after another.
Gary Blackler, Amity Harbor
My 88-year-old father's house was flooded during superstorm Sandy. In the 60 years he has owned the home, he has never had a water problem, so he had no need for flood insurance. The damage was very extensive.
The single-story house was gutted and all the furniture and bedding discarded. The Federal Emergency Management Agency gave him $31,000, and his private homeowner's insurance company provided $500. This is not much, considering we are up to $70,000 in repairs.
Irene Semon, Setauket


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Private Tours
Macon & Beaujolais wine tour
Pouilly Fuissé, Pouilly Vinzelles, Mâcon Villages, St Véran, Fleurie, Morgon, Brouilly, Moulin-a-Vent ... Welcome to Macon & Beaujolais Crus regions where some of the best Chardonnay and Gamay wines are produced! Along this full day private wine tour from Lyon to the Southern Burgundy region, visit 2 family wineries and make yours the famous French adage which says "Whites then reds won't go to your head; reds then whites and you're out for the night"!
Macon Crus Wines - Chardonnay Grape Wine-tasting at Pouilly Fuissé
At 9:00 am, your English speaking driver-guide picks you up at your hotel in Lyon or close suburbs and transfer you to Macon Region, land of the world famous Chardonnay grape.
Travel on the famous Macon Route des Vins and discover a beautiful wine country. Cross Pierreclos and Vergisson towns before "hitting" one of nature's masterpieces, Solutré Roch (493 m), a symbol of Southern Burgundy. Stop to take pictures of this "Sphinx" which dominates Mâcon vineyards also listed as a major Palaeolithic site in France.
At 10:45 am, experience a warm welcome at a Macon family Estate in Fuissé town. With the winemaker, visit the winery and learn about the wine-making process and barrel-aging of Chardonnays.
Then, enter the wine-tasting room sample a selection of Macon white wines among themselves, the famous Pouilly-Fuissé cru. Feel all the finesse & freshness of these perfectly balanced chardonnays with a slight oaky finish.
Lunch in Juliénas or Fleurie:
Delight yourself with a delicious meal in a local restaurant which serves Beaujolais cuisine. Our guide will be happy to translate and explain all the different courses for you! Menus start from € 20 during the week (Special of the day) and € 25 on weekends. Lunch is not included.
Visit of Beaujolais Crus Region Wine-tasting at a small family winery
Start the afternoon with a a breathtaking panaroma of the Beaujolais wine region from La Madone Chapel in Fleurie. With you guide learn about the geography of the 10 crus of Beaujolais, their unique soils and climate characteristics.
Follow the journey driving on the magnificent Beaujolais Crus wine road from North to South and discover charming little towns: Chenas, Villié Morgon, Chiroubles, etc.
Then, visit at second family winery, meet a passionate wine-maker, learn everything about the gamay grape and its unique wine making-process called semi-carbonic maceration which gives a special fruitiness to the wines.
Finally, go to the caveau (wine-tasting room) to enjoy several Beaujolais red wines. Delight yourself with these beautiful "crus" as you share a unique moment of friendship.
All in a day, white & red wines!
Punto de Encuentro / Lugar de Salida del Tour
Si están alojados en una casa, departamento, piso, por favor esperen a su guía privada fuera a la dirección indicada en su reserva, 10 min antes de la hora de la salida del tour. ¡Gracias!
Our Lyon Private Tours operated to Beaujolais, Cotes du Rhone, Burgundy, Macon wine regions and Perouges, Annecy cities allow you to make the most of your travels immersing yourself into the destination with absolute flexibility. With a knowledgeable English speaking guide native from Lyon region, visit the best sights at your pace, taste & interact with local wine-makers and artisan producers. You have specific requests or would like to do multiple private wine tours from Lyon, France? Please email us, we will be pleased to tailor your touring itinerary for you!


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Welcome to the Economics major page at the Langdale College of Business Administration at Valdosta State University. We are really excited that you are interested in our major. Since there is a growing need for economic analyses in every industry, we believe that it is a great time to major in economics.
What is economics? Economics is the study of how resources are used to meet society's needs. It is an essential aspect of virtually every decision individuals, businesses, and governments make. Students who pursue a B.B.A degree in Economics develop the analytical and problem solving skills needed to make these decisions.
What do economists do? Economics is FUN, and economists study a wide range of topics, from the usual suspects of GDP, inflation, national debt, and unemployment to the environment, health care, crime and punishment, marriage, addiction, sports, voting behavior, government programs, education, religion, discrimination, and basically any type of human behavior.
The economics major is an excellent complement to many other majors, including other business majors. A second major in economics will tremendously improve your potential for success no matter what career path you follow, as the skills developed in the economics major have value in any setting. Therefore, we encourage you to consider economics to supplement your skill set. Please feel free to contact any of the VSU economics faculty if you have any questions about the major.
Academic Opportunities – Undergraduate
Academic Opportunities – Graduate
The Langdale College of Business offers several traditional and online MBA programs. Select Langdale College of Business Graduate Programs for more information.
Study Abroad
Business students are encouraged to participate in the numerous study abroad opportunities offered at Valdosta State University, including the Germany and Turkey programs led by Langdale College of Business faculty. Study abroad scholarships are available for business majors. Select Langdale College of Business Study Abroad Programs for more information.
Opportunities for Involvement and Leadership
The Langdale College offers opportunities for professional development and networking through our various student organizations. Select Langdale College of Business Student Organizations for information about all Langdale College of Business student organizations.
The Langdale College of Business awards over 65 scholarships to business majors each year. Current students, may apply through the Financial Aid link in their Banner account by submitting the VSU General Scholarship application. The annual deadline is March 1st. New freshman should select business or a specific business major when applying to VSU. Select Langdale College of Business Scholarships for more information.
Internships and Career Opportunities
The Langdale College of Business Career Strategies Center offers services for career development, internships and job search assistance. Select Langdale College of Business Career Strategies Center for more information.
Economics for College Students
Economist Career Outlook
Job Resource, After College
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