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Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, who guided The New York Times and its parent company through a long, sometimes turbulent period of expansion and change on a scale not seen since the newspaper's founding in 1851, died early Saturday at his home in Southampton, N.Y. He was 86.
His death, after a long illness, was announced by his family.
Mr. Sulzberger's tenure, as publisher of the newspaper and as chairman and chief executive of The New York Times Company, reached across 34 years, from the heyday of postwar America to the twilight of the 20th century, from the era of hot lead and Linotype machines to the birth of the digital world.
The paper he took over as publisher in 1963 was the paper it had been for decades: respected and influential, often setting the national agenda. But it was also in precarious financial condition and somewhat insular, having been a tightly held family operation since 1896, when it was bought by his grandfather Adolph S. Ochs.
By the 1990s, when Mr. Sulzberger passed the reins to his son, Arthur Sulzberger Jr., first as publisher in 1992 and then as chairman in 1997, the enterprise had been transformed. The Times was now national in scope, distributed from coast to coast, and it had become the heart of a diversified, multibillion-dollar media operation that came to encompass newspapers, magazines, television and radio stations and online ventures.
The expansion reflected Mr. Sulzberger's belief that a news organization, above all, had to be profitable if it hoped to maintain a vibrant, independent voice. As John F. Akers, a retired chairman of I.B.M. and for many years a Times Company board member, put it, "Making money so that you could continue to do good journalism was always a fundamental part of the thinking."
On Saturday, President Obama praised Mr. Sulzberger as "a firm believer in the importance of a free and independent press, one that isn't afraid to seek the truth, hold those in power accountable and tell the stories that need to be told."
Mr. Sulzberger's insistence on independence was shown in his decision in 1971 to publish a secret government history of the Vietnam War known as the Pentagon Papers. It was a defining moment for him and, in the view of many journalists and historians, his finest.
In thousands of pages, this highly classified archive detailed Washington's legacy of deceit and evasion as it stumbled through an unpopular war. When the Pentagon Papers were divulged in a series of articles in June 1971, an embarrassed Nixon administration demanded that the series be stopped immediately, citing national security considerations. The Times refused, on First Amendment grounds, and won its case in the United States Supreme Court in a landmark ruling on press freedom.
Mr. Sulzberger reshaped The Times. In the mid-1970s, another financially difficult period in which he might have chosen to retrench, he expanded the paper to four sections from two, creating separate sections for metropolitan and business news and introducing new ones oriented toward consumers.
They were a gamble, begun in the hope of attracting new readers, especially women, and advertisers.
Some critics dismissed the feature sections as unworthy of a serious newspaper. But the sections — SportsMonday, Science Times, Living, Home and Weekend — were an instant success, without compromising the paper's hard-news core. They were widely imitated.
Over the next two decades, a billion-dollar investment in new printing facilities made still more innovations possible, among them a national edition, special regional editions and the daily use of color photos and graphics.
"Adolph Ochs is remembered as the one who founded this great enterprise," Richard L. Gelb, a longtime member of the Times board, said in 1997, when Mr. Sulzberger stepped down as chairman. "Arthur Ochs Sulzberger will be remembered as the one who secured it, renewed it and lifted it to ever-higher levels of achievement."
Even while the enterprise was put on a secure financial footing, ultimate control never passed from the Sulzberger family. It managed to avoid the internal strife and jealousies that tore apart other newspaper dynasties and traumatized their companies.
At Mr. Sulzberger's death, The Times was being run by a fourth generation of his family, a rarity in an age when the management of most American newspapers is determined by distant corporate boards. A family trust, unaffected by his death, guarantees continued control by Adolph Ochs's descendants.
It was no coincidence, Mr. Sulzberger believed, that some of the country's finest newspapers were family-owned. "My conclusion is simple," he once said with characteristic humor. "Nepotism works."
Pentagon Papers Champion
A newspaper publisher may be a business executive, but the head of an institution like The Times is also inevitably cast as a leader in legal defenses of the First Amendment. It was a role Mr. Sulzberger embraced, never with more enduring results than in his decision to publish the Pentagon Papers.
"This was not a breach of the national security," Mr. Sulzberger said at the time. "We gave away no national secrets. We didn't jeopardize any American soldiers or Marines overseas." Of the government, he added, "It's a wonderful way if you've got egg on your face to prevent anybody from knowing it, stamp it secret and put it away."
The government obtained a temporary restraining order from a federal judge in Manhattan. It was the first time in United States history that a court, on national security grounds, had stopped a newspaper in advance from publishing a specific article. The Washington Post soon began running its own articles based on the same documents, and both papers took their case to the Supreme Court. In late June, the court issued its decision rejecting the administration's national-security arguments and upholding a newspaper's right to publish in the face of efforts to impose "prior restraint."
The significance of that ruling for the future of government-press relations has been debated, but this much was certain: It established the primacy of a free press in the face of a government's insistence on secrecy. In the 40 years since the court handed down its ruling, there has not been another instance of officially sanctioned prior restraint to keep an American newspaper from printing secret information on national security grounds.
In a 1996 speech to a group of journalists, Mr. Sulzberger said of the documents that he "had no doubt but that the American people had a right to read them and that we at The Times had an obligation to publish them." But typically — he had an unpretentious manner and could not resist a good joke or, for that matter, a bad pun — he tried to keep even a matter this weighty from becoming too ponderous.
The fact is, Mr. Sulzberger said, the documents were tough sledding. "Until I read the Pentagon Papers," he said, "I did not know that it was possible to read and sleep at the same time."
Nor did he understand why President Richard M. Nixon had fought so hard "to squelch these papers," he added.
"I would have thought that he would bemoan their publication, joyfully blame the mess on Lyndon Johnson and move on to Watergate," Mr. Sulzberger said. "But then I never understood Washington."
He did, however, understand the stakes in publishing the Pentagon Papers, he said in 1998. He was risking heavy fines and a sullied reputation for the newspaper, and perhaps even jail for him and his top editors. No editor could solely make a decision of that magnitude, Mr. Sulzberger said. The buck stopped with the publisher.
An Adjudicator, Not an Editor
But more commonly, indeed nearly all the time, Mr. Sulzberger left the task of putting out The Times to the people hired for the job: the managers on the business side and the editors in the newsroom.
"His confidence in the people he chose to trust was almost total," said Max Frankel, one of five executive editors during Mr. Sulzberger's time as chairman. "He did not want to edit the paper, plain and simple. He was there to adjudicate disputes and to set standards and values."
Most afternoons he attended the meeting at which the editors determined what would be on the next day's front page. But he was there mainly to keep himself informed, not to join the discussion. He generally kept his hands off the editorial page, too. Except perhaps for the most hotly disputed issues and political endorsements, he often did not learn of the page's opinions until the paper was delivered to his Manhattan home, an apartment on Fifth Avenue.
There were, to be sure, departures from this self-imposed restraint.
A notable one came in 1976, when Mr. Sulzberger insisted that The Times endorse Daniel Patrick Moynihan over Bella S. Abzug in the New York Democratic primary election for United States senator. This brought strong objections from John B. Oakes, who was editor of the editorial page and the publisher's first cousin once removed. Mr. Oakes received permission to register his disapproval in a most unusual fashion. He wrote a 40-word letter to the editor — in effect, a letter to himself.
Long after his retirement, the episode continued to rankle Mr. Oakes. But he acknowledged that such intervention from the 14th floor — where the publisher had his office in the Times building on West 43rd Street — was rare.
Mr. Sulzberger did not always appreciate the content or the tenor of the editorial page. He thought it was anti-business, especially in the 1960s and '70s. "If you were a corporation, you were wrong, whatever you were doing," he said. But he almost never imposed his views. Though he did nudge Mr. Oakes into retirement a year or two early, Mr. Oakes said, "I literally can count on the fingers of one hand the number of times that I had to go to bat for an editorial." Mr. Oakes died in 2001.
When Mr. Sulzberger wanted to exercise his prerogative and make his likes and dislikes known, he usually did so through interoffice memorandums, signing them with the nickname he had carried since childhood, Punch.
The topics might be of national importance, like the structure of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the military being a subject he cared about as a former Marine who had served in World War II and the Korean War. When he felt the boundaries of good taste had been crossed, he let the editors know it. But the notes could also be about mundane matters. In one, in 1976, he complained to A. M. Rosenthal, the executive editor, about a published recipe for cooked eel.
"Why can't our food pages have something on them that most people like?" Mr. Sulzberger asked.
Sincerely, A. Sock
Quality-of-life issues in New York were dear to him. He never pretended to have a solution for America's balance-of-payments problems, but he had ideas about crime and grime in his hometown. In 1989, they led to a series of editorials that ran under the rubric "New Calcutta."
Once in a while he wrote brief letters to the editor using the name A. Sock, a wordplay on Punch. Mr. Sock was always as pleased as punch with puns. "The nationalist Chinese seem extremely apprehensive when Mr. Nixon drinks with Premier Chou," he wrote in 1972. "Are they scared he'll Taiwan on?"
One A. Sock letter, an unflattering take in 1979 on the National Organization for Women, brought a sharp rebuttal letter. "Mr. Sock deserves a punch," it concluded. It was signed Gail Gregg, the publisher's daughter-in-law at the time. Convinced his cover was blown, Mr. Sulzberger wrote almost no A. Sock letters again.
His suggestions to editors and his criticisms tended to be delivered in a velvet glove, not with a mailed fist. "He didn't have to be obeyed; he just wanted to be heard," said Jack Rosenthal, a former editor of the editorial page. Arthur Gelb, a former managing editor, put it this way:
"He never said forcefully, 'This is what I believe and this is what I want.' It was always mild and often with a little humor. He listened to what others had to say. Some people saw that as weakness. But it was the nature of a true gentleman."
Mr. Sulzberger involved himself far less with the content of the news columns than with the large business decisions that had to be made. It had been that way from the moment he was named publisher, on June 20, 1963, succeeding his brother-in-law Orvil E. Dryfoos, who had died of heart trouble a month earlier at age 50.
The line of Times publishers, from Adolph Ochs in 1896 to Arthur Sulzberger Jr. a century later, has run through the men in the family.
Mr. Ochs had a daughter, Iphigene, but no sons. When he died in 1935, authority passed to Iphigene Ochs's husband, Arthur Hays Sulzberger. Iphigene and Arthur had three daughters: Marian, Ruth and Judith, called Judy.
Then came a son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, born on Feb. 5, 1926. The father enjoyed composing light verse, and he celebrated this birth with an illustrated book describing the boy as having "come to play the Punch to Judy's endless show." The nickname stuck.
In 1961, his health deteriorating, the elder Sulzberger considered it time to step aside. His son was not even considered as a possible successor — not then, anyway. Many Times executives and close relatives felt Arthur was too young and not up to the challenge. The family turned to Mr. Dryfoos, who was married to the oldest Sulzberger daughter, Marian, and who had been a senior Times executive for years.
Unexpected Promotion
But a mere two years into the job, Mr. Dryfoos was dead, and the family looked to the young Mr. Sulzberger. At 37, he became the youngest publisher in Times history.
His mother, the paper's guiding spirit until her death at 97 in 1990, wrote in her memoir, "Iphigene," that tapping her son amounted to "something of a gamble." Until then he had held only lower-level company positions. In one, assistant treasurer, he had been given little to do except sign payroll checks.
"It's impossible to be an assistant to your father," he said years later.
Mr. Sulzberger himself — square-shouldered, pipe-smoking, affable, unaffected — knew how lightly he was regarded. "I've made my first executive decision," he told his sister Ruth after his first day on the job. "I've decided not to throw up."
It did not take him long to prove the doubters wrong. "It was remarkable how quickly Punch began to demonstrate initiative and decisiveness," his mother wrote. Years later, A. M. Rosenthal would call Mr. Sulzberger "the most insufficiently estimated publisher in modern American journalism."
It would have been hard to dispute that The Times was America's premier paper in 1963. Its influence on national politics was even greater than it is in today's information-saturated age of round-the-clock cable news, social media and the Internet.
But the paper in 1963 was also a struggling operation with an uncertain future. It was reeling from low revenues and high labor costs. It had just emerged from a 114-day printers' strike, which had put a tremendous strain on Mr. Dryfoos.
The long walkout, over wages, automation and other issues, was also devastating to the once-boisterous world of New York newspapers. When the strike began in 1962, there were seven major dailies in the city, all of them already threatened by competition from television and burdened with high costs and low income. Within five years the field had shrunk to three: The Times, The Daily News and The New York Post.
The Times, a morning paper, toyed with the idea of creating an afternoon daily to go head-to-head with the afternoon Post. In 1967 it went so far as to create prototypes for two possible papers. But in the end it dropped the project, deciding it would be too much of a drain on the company's resources.
At The Times, 1963 was the first year it had lost money since 1898. But even in good years, profits were precariously small. It hardly helped that the paper was based in a city that was in economic decline and unable to stop the flight of many affluent New Yorkers — newspaper readers and advertisers included — to the suburbs.
"I personally never had the concern that the paper was going to go out of business," Mr. Sulzberger later recalled. "But it was obvious to me that we had a problem on the business side, the problem being structural: the way we worked together or, more accurately, the way we didn't work together."
Business as Usual Won't Do
Mr. Sulzberger moved swiftly to bring financial order, and to show skeptics that he was in charge. Some of his early actions were the sort that any struggling businessman might take. But for The Times of that era, they bordered on revolutionary. Mr. Sulzberger insisted that the news department operate on a budget — unheard-of at the time. He strived to reduce the company's payroll, then about 5,400 strong, a work force appreciably larger than today's. He tried to get the advertising and circulation departments, each jealous of the other's powers and privileges, to coordinate their efforts.
By nature, he was fastidiously neat. The habitual clutter on reporters' desks drove him to distraction. And he felt no better about untidy organizational charts.
It made no sense to Mr. Sulzberger that the daily Times and the Sunday paper were separate and sometimes competing fiefs. In 1964 he ordered that they both report to a single executive editor, Turner Catledge, who had become something of a father figure to the new publisher.
The plan was not executed so easily. The Sunday department had been run for 40 years by the brilliant but imperious Lester Markel, an editor who brooked no interference from anyone, including a young publisher, who still called him "Mr. Markel." Mr. Sulzberger chose to spring the daily-Sunday merger without telling Mr. Markel. "Young men can be cruel, sometimes without knowing it," Mr. Catledge concluded in a 1971 memoir.
The two branches of the paper did not truly merge for 12 more years, but the episode was considered an early sign that one underestimated Punch Sulzberger at one's peril.
"Punch soon proved to be a more aggressive publisher than either Sulzberger or Dryfoos had been," Mr. Catledge wrote. "Those two, having married into the newspaper, saw themselves as trustees, but Punch had a sense of proprietorship that they had lacked."
He continued: "Adolph Ochs used to say, 'I always question the obvious,' and Punch was like his grandfather in that regard. He liked to ask questions and challenge assumptions."
One assumption he challenged was that the paper would return to business as usual after the strike. "Our obvious trouble" at the end of the walkout "was that we had no muscle whatsoever," Mr. Sulzberger recalled, "and that all our financial eggs were in one basket."
In January 1964 he summarily closed The Times's Western edition, a slender version of the newspaper that had been started only 15 months earlier under Mr. Dryfoos. Printed in Los Angeles and distributed in 13 Western states, the edition suffered from anemic advertising and plummeting circulation.
Mr. Sulzberger's decision left scars in the newsroom, for it involved rare layoffs of staff members. Mr. Sulzberger later acknowledged the trauma. "It was the first time that we kind of threw in the sponge and said, 'We can't do it,' " he said. "That wasn't the usual way we did things."
But The Times did so again in 1967, when it folded its money-losing international edition, which was founded in 1949 and based in Paris. In a merger with the Paris edition of the recently closed New York Herald Tribune, a new entity was formed, The International Herald Tribune. It is now owned solely by The Times after a long partnership with The Washington Post Company.
The Times Company in 1963 consisted of the newspaper, the New York radio stations WQXR-AM and FM, and a share of the Spruce Falls Power and Paper Company in Ontario. Mr. Sulzberger concluded that The Times needed new ventures to generate profits that could insulate it from future strikes, crises in the New York economy or declines in retail advertising as department stores failed.
But expansion required cash, lots of it, far more than could be raised by a small, fusty company with marginal profits at best. "We were privately held," Mr. Sulzberger said. "Once a year, at the annual meeting of the board, the salaries were passed around on a single sheet of paper. But it wasn't proper to look."
All that changed in 1969, when millions of Times shares began to be traded on the American Stock Exchange. (Since 1997 they have been traded on the New York Stock Exchange.) That opened the newspaper to outside investors, as well as to outside scrutiny.
The Family Trust
Significantly, the shares put into play in 1969, Class A shares, were kept separate from a Class B category of stock that controlled the company. Holders of those strategic B shares elected 70 percent of the company's directors. And nearly all the B stock — more than 87 percent when Mr. Sulzberger stepped down in 1997, and 91 percent today — was held by a family trust established by Adolph Ochs and passed on to his heirs. (Family members also own Class A shares, bringing their total holdings to 15 percent.)
The terms of the trust were revised from time to time, most recently in 1997. But its purpose was unvarying: to ensure that control of The Times would remain with Ochs descendants deep into the 21st century unless they agreed that the only way to save the paper was to sell it.
The importance of keeping the family in charge cannot be overstated, said Walter E. Mattson, a former Times Company president. "The commitment to the quality of the paper and the correctness of the paper — the willingness to suffer the criticism of Wall Street, for example — is best dealt with by a member of the family," he said.
With money in hand from the public sale of Class A stock, The Times began looking for properties to buy.
It made its first major purchases in 1971, from Cowles Communications. For $52 million in Times stock and the assumption of $15 million in Cowles debt, The Times acquired Family Circle magazine, a group of medical magazines, three Florida newspapers, a textbook publishing house and a Memphis television station. Those businesses are no longer in The Times's hands, but they were the foundation for a future diversified company.
In October 1997, when Mr. Sulzberger passed on the chairmanship to his son and assumed the title of chairman emeritus, the company included 21 regional newspapers, 9 magazines focused on golf and other outdoor pastimes, 8 television stations, 2 radio stations, a news service, a features syndicate and The Boston Globe, which was bought in 1993 for $1.1 billion, a record price for a newspaper, paid largely in Times Company stock.
The Times Company's holdings have varied since then and today they are principally confined to The Globe, The International Herald Tribune and its flagship paper.
Not every acquisition under Mr. Sulzberger was a success. Nor did investors applaud every move. Times stock was often an underachiever on Wall Street, as it was in the first years after The Globe was bought. Many thought the company had paid too much for the paper. Mr. Sulzberger disagreed. "It was a business that we understood," he said. "We know how to run newspapers."
That philosophy — focus on what you do well — guided his business decisions. Ignoring it would only land the company in trouble, he believed. The Times got into the book business in the 1970s, then got out when it realized it could not apply to books the same rigorous standards of accuracy that it insisted on for its own newspaper. (The Times Books imprint was licensed to Random House for many years. It returned to The Times in 2000 in partnership with Henry Holt & Company.)
A big mistake, Mr. Sulzberger said, was Us magazine, a weekly The Times started in the 1970s, patterned on People magazine but without its verve or circulation.
"That's when I came up with a cardinal rule," he said. "Never acquire a company that you're embarrassed to tell your mother about. Or start a publication, in this case. It really isn't our line of work, and we weren't very good at it."
Us Weekly was sold within three years and is now published by Wenner Media.
Unions and Women's Issues
The Times Company Mr. Sulzberger passed along in 1997 was light years from the one he had inherited. Revenue in 1963 was $101 million, with The Times newspaper accounting for almost all of it. By 1997, the total was $2.6 billion, with the newspaper accounting for about half. In 2011, The New York Times Media Group, made up of The Times, The International Herald Tribune and their Web sites, accounted for 66 percent of the Times Company's total revenues of $2.4 billion.
The Times eventually had less reason to worry about the sort of labor strife that plagued New York papers through the 1960s and '70s. Its newfound strength was shown when it bounced back quickly from an 88-day press worker's strike in 1978, the last time it endured a significant walkout.
In Mr. Sulzberger's early years as publisher, his attitude toward the dozen or so newspaper unions in New York ranged from annoyance to hostility. More than a few workers considered him less than generous when it came to salaries and health benefits.
He was also challenged on other grounds. In the 1970s, the company was hit with a class-action lawsuit accusing the paper of practicing systematic discrimination against women in hiring, promotions and pay. The Times reluctantly settled the suit in 1978 by agreeing to pay $350,000 in back wages and lawyers' fees and committing itself to an affirmative-action program for women in both the news and business departments.
In later years, labor relations at the paper became far more conciliatory. Long-term no-strike contracts were signed, offering productivity incentives for some employees, like press workers. But the 1960s and '70s were a confrontational era.
The Times, like newspapers across the country, had embraced automated typesetting and high-speed printing operations as a way to shrink the work force and cut costs. Mr. Sulzberger believed that New York's powerful craft unions, seeking to protect jobs and maintain their memberships, stood in the way of the new money-saving technologies.
The problem went beyond the strikes called every few years. His paper, he felt, was bleeding from a thousand cuts in the form of repeated slowdowns, whether by typesetters, press workers or truck drivers.
Still, Mr. Sulzberger did not confront the unions head-on until the 1970s. A turning point came in 1974, when The Times and The Daily News reached an agreement with Local 6 of the International Typographical Union, the same printers' union that had struck in 1963.
In return for substantial bonuses and guarantees of lifetime employment, "Big Six" agreed, finally, to let the newspapers bring computers and electronic typesetting into composing rooms, which were still being run much as they had been for 90 years, with clanking machines that cast type in hot lead, one line at a time. The old composing room — big, burly, noisy and, yes, romantic — would disappear in a few years, followed over the next 20 years, through attrition, by some 800 jobs.
While it was a breakthrough, the agreement did not improve the paper's finances right away. Circulation and advertising were stagnant, and so were profits. A national recession in 1975 hit New York especially hard, and the city teetered toward bankruptcy. For The Times, the solution was to make striking changes in both its content and appearance.
Profitable Innovations
One move, in 1976, was to adopt a six-column format, replacing the denser eight-column configuration that the paper had used since 1913. This put The Times in line with other newspapers that were standardizing their formats as a convenience to many advertisers.
The same year, the daily paper expanded to four sections from two, adding stand-alone business and metropolitan news reports and a daily mini-magazine devoted to consumer-oriented subjects. The paper also introduced four Sunday regional sections in 1976, aiming them at New York's affluent suburbs.
These innovations were followed in 1980 by a new national edition, which Mr. Sulzberger began with some trepidation, remembering the Western edition's failure two decades earlier. But it had become less costly to print a version of the newspaper at satellite plants around the country than to distribute copies of the New York edition nationally by airplane. The national edition gained circulation steadily and eventually drew its own advertising. It now accounts for more than half of the print newspaper's 779,731 daily readership.
Photos and graphics began appearing in color in Sunday sections in 1993. A Times Web site was introduced in 1996. The next year, special editions for New England and the Washington area were started. And despite some head-shaking on Wall Street, the paper invested nearly $1 billion in new printing plants in Edison, N.J., and College Point, Queens. (The Edison plant was later sold.) In September 1997, the daily Times began to be printed in color, its news report now spread across as many as six sections.
When these changes started in the mid-1970s, there was no mystery to them. Mr. Mattson, who was general manager at the time, saw the consumer-oriented sections as a way to lure new advertisers and readers. It was up to the newsroom, under Mr. Rosenthal, to figure out how to create the sections with taste and intelligence so that they offered more than tips on how to get chocolate stains out of the carpet.
The Weekend section on Friday came first, in April 1976. It was followed by Living on Wednesday, Home on Thursday and SportsMonday.
What to do with Tuesday became an issue. It turned into a tug of war. The business staff wanted a fashion section, seeing it as a sure way to bring in advertising. The newsroom preferred a science section, seeing it as more in tune with The Times's traditional mandate.
As arbiter, Mr. Sulzberger sided with the news department.
His decision paid an unforeseen dividend when the new Tuesday section, Science Times, began generating advertising, thanks to the advent of the personal computer.
Science Times was the publisher's way of reinforcing a conviction that the editors, not the business staff, ultimately determined what went into The New York Times.
There would be skirmishes over containing costs, as when advertising declined after Wall Street's Black Monday in October 1987 and belts were tightened.
But The Times continued to pour money into news gathering when many American papers were pulling back.
"Punch was a very staunch advocate for the editor; it wasn't even a close call," Arthur Gelb said in 1998. Mr. Mattson said, "There was never an issue as to the business people involving themselves in the news side of the newspaper."
Living, Home and the other feature sections did not draw unanimous raves, however. The main complaint was that the sections were unbefitting the serious-minded newspaper that had published the Pentagon Papers and pioneered formats like the Op-Ed page, created in 1970 as a forum for outside voices.
"Did you hear about the latest Times section?" one joke went. "They're calling it News."
But the skeptics were soon silenced. Not only were the sections imitated; they also brought The Times tens of thousands of new readers.
Mr. Sulzberger was not inclined to apologize for turning a profit.
"A financially sound Times is good for our readers, our advertisers, our shareholders and our employees," he wrote to The Wall Street Journal, responding to criticisms there, in 1978. "A financially sound Times also is good newspapering. A newspaper that is broke is not going to be able to spend the money necessary to support thorough and aggressive reporting."
Passing the Torch
As the years passed, Mr. Sulzberger turned his attention toward handing over leadership to the next generation. In 1992, his son, Arthur Sulzberger Jr., took over as Times publisher. The question then became whether the younger Sulzberger would also inherit his father's corporate titles. Some board members wanted to see someone from outside the family assume those posts.
In 1997, Mr. Sulzberger rallied family members around his son as chairman. But his sisters, he later said, wanted roles for their own branches of the family. "So we came up with compromises and things that worked wonderfully well for the organization," he said. Arthur Sulzberger Jr. was made chairman. A cousin, Michael Golden, was named senior vice president and vice chairman. The chief executive was from outside the family, Russell T. Lewis.
Once again, the Times family had avoided the kind of internal strife that had battered newspaper clans like the Binghams of Kentucky and the Chandlers of Los Angeles.
The family sense of duty was strong. It was captured in a eulogy that Susan W. Dryfoos, Orvil Dryfoos's daughter and the director of the Times History Project, delivered in February 1990 for her grandmother, Iphigene Ochs Sulzberger.
"We, your family, understand our birthright," Ms. Dryfoos said.
Siblings With a Mountain
Arthur Ochs Sulzberger's share of that birthright took shape in a town house in Manhattan on 80th Street, off Fifth Avenue, where Arthur Hays and Iphigene Ochs Sulzberger had settled a few years before Arthur's birth.
Family members remember a boy with a sunny disposition, doted on by relatives, including his three sisters, although, he said, "Judy and I fought like cats and dogs when we were little."
He liked games requiring manual dexterity. He was fascinated by gadgets, a passion that became lifelong, though it did not extend to computers. Forced to install a desktop computer, he was not known to have used it. He preferred his old Underwood manual typewriter.
Growing up in The Times's guiding family meant a life spent in the company of the famous and powerful. Young Punch played Chinese checkers with Wendell L. Willkie, the 1940 Republican presidential nominee. Adm. Richard E. Byrd, whose Antarctic expeditions were financed by The Times, named a peak in Antarctica for him and the other Sulzberger children. The name, Marujupu Peak, is a combination of Marian, Ruth, Judith and Punch. Mount Iphigene is nearby.
But it was also a family that shunned ostentation and put a premium on social obligation. When Arthur was 8, his mother sent this note to his father:
"Punch the other day said he would like to be king of the world. 'What would you do then?' I asked. 'Well,' said he, 'I would first make all the countries stop fighting and be friends and then I would fix up Germany.' 'How would you do that?' 'I would make Hitler into a plain man and make them get a good man as President (he thinks Hitler is President of Germany) and then I would go to Africa and kill all the bugs that make people sick.' "
What struck Mrs. Sulzberger was that her son had talked about what he would do for others, not for himself.
Punch Sulzberger's qualities did not include a talent for studies. His boyhood was a succession of expensive private schools.
"Nearly every school in the vicinity of New York was graced with Punch's presence at one time or another," his sister Ruth wrote in 1963 for Times Talk, the newspaper's staff publication at the time. "They were all delighted to have him, but wanted him as something other than a spectator."
At one school, St. Bernard's, on the Upper East Side, there was a yearly Latin play, with roles assigned according to one's proficiency in the language. Punch played a mute slave.
It amused the self-effacing Mr. Sulzberger later in life to tell stories like that about himself. But back then, his academic failures were a source of pain. His mother thought he had dyslexia.
Whatever the problem, it drove him at age 17 to drop out of the Loomis School in Windsor, Conn., and join the Marines. It was 1944, and World War II was raging. His parents did not like the idea but finally gave written permission. "My family didn't worry about me for a minute," he later said. "They knew that if I got shot in the head, it wouldn't do me any harm."
Buckling Down
The Marines turned him around.
"Before I entered the Marines, I was a lazy good-for-nothing," he once told his mother. "The Marines woke me up."
He would never forget the corps. Afterward, its commandants were invited to The Times for lunch, and tours by Marine information officers were a regular newsroom feature.
Trained as a radioman, Mr. Sulzberger went through the Leyte and Luzon campaigns in the Philippines, then landed in Japan as a jeep driver at Gen. Douglas MacArthur's headquarters. He was discharged in 1946 as a corporal.
Five years later, with the Korean War on, he was called back to active duty. This time he received an officer's commission and served as a public information officer in Korea before being transferred to Washington. He was a captain when he returned to civilian life in December 1952.
Between the military tours, Mr. Sulzberger got serious about academic work. Armed with a high school equivalency degree and, he said, "armed with the fact that my old man was on the board," he entered Columbia University and received a bachelor of arts degree in English and history in 1951. In 1967, he became a life trustee.
While in college, in 1948, Mr. Sulzberger married Barbara Winslow Grant, who lived near the Sulzbergers' estate in Stamford, Conn. They had two children, Arthur Jr., born in 1951, and Karen, born in 1952. Karen Sulzberger is a former arts administrator and board member of Facing History and Ourselves, an educational organization.
The Sulzberger marriage ended in divorce. Months later, in December 1956, Mr. Sulzberger married Carol Fox Fuhrman; they had met at a New York dinner party given by Orvil Dryfoos's brother, Hugh. The couple had a daughter, Cynthia, in 1964. She is an elementary school reading specialist.
By a previous marriage, Mrs. Sulzberger had a daughter, Cathy, who was born in 1949 and legally adopted by Mr. Sulzberger. Cathy Sulzberger is a real estate developer who serves on many philanthropic boards.
Carol Sulzberger died in 1995. In March 1996, Mr. Sulzberger married Allison S. Cowles, widow of William H. Cowles III, who had been president and publisher of newspapers in Spokane, Wash. The two families had a newspaper connection going back to the early 1900s, though Ms. Cowles was not from the branch of the family that directed Cowles Communications. Ms. Cowles died in 2010 in Spokane.
Besides his children, Mr. Sulzberger is survived by two of his three sisters, Marian S. Heiskell of New York and Ruth S. Holmberg of Chattanooga, Tenn., and nine grandchildren. The third sister, Dr. Judith P. Sulzberger — the Judy to his Punch — died in 2011.
A Publisher With Patience
Having decided to go into the family business, Mr. Sulzberger went off in 1954 for a year's apprenticeship at The Milwaukee Journal. Then it was back to The Times, first on the foreign copy desk, then stints in the London, Paris and Rome bureaus. He was not to make his mark as a foreign correspondent.
One day in 1955, he went to a car race in Le Mans, France — as a spectator, not as a reporter. A driver lost control and jumped the track, his car spinning through the air and churning through the stands. The driver and 82 spectators were killed. It was a horrifying scene. But it never occurred to Mr. Sulzberger to notify The Times.
Some in journalism had the impression that Mr. Sulzberger was not cut out to be publisher, and his reputation was hardly bolstered by the relatively minor assignments given to him when he returned to The Times's main office. But after being named publisher, he quickly took charge.
One of Mr. Sulzberger's qualities as head of a high-tension operation was that "he had a soothing personality," said James C. Goodale, a former Times senior executive and the newspaper's general counsel in the battle over the Pentagon Papers. John D. Pomfret, a former Times executive vice president who worked alongside Mr. Sulzberger at The Milwaukee Journal, said the publisher had remarkable patience.
"He could outwait a problem," Mr. Pomfret said. "He was like an oyster almost. If something was irritating him, it's almost like he would cover it up."
Not always, though. In the mid-1980s, his irritation turned to anger when Sydney H. Schanberg, who had won a Pulitzer Prize for his reporting in Cambodia, attacked some of Mr. Sulzberger's business friends and even The Times itself in a series of columns about proposals for a highway along the Hudson River called Westway. The publisher stripped Mr. Schanberg of his column.
In 1973, Mr. Sulzberger provoked howls of outrage, both inside and outside the Times building, when he hired William Safire, a speechwriter in the Nixon White House with no newspaper background, to be a columnist on the Op-Ed page. Mr. Sulzberger wanted a conservative voice to balance the paper's mostly liberal columnists. Mr. Safire, who died in 2009, won the Pulitzer Prize for commentary in 1978.
On Mr. Sulzberger's watch, The Times won the Pulitzer Prize, American journalism's highest award, 31 times.
His commitment to defending the First Amendment was unflagging. He was publisher in 1964 when the United States Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling, New York Times v. Sullivan, strengthening newspapers' protections against libel suits brought by public figures. (The case began before he took charge of the paper.)
Less successfully, Mr. Sulzberger supported Times reporters in federal and state cases in the 1970s in which they asserted that the First Amendment gave them the right to keep the names of confidential sources secret from grand juries and to refuse to surrender their notes in a murder trial.
In a 1972 speech, Mr. Sulzberger warned that there was a "troubling lack of understanding of the importance of a free press to a free society and an absence of sensitivity to its fragility."
No case during his career loomed larger than that of the Pentagon Papers.
Mr. Goodale said he had felt that Mr. Sulzberger, given his military background and centrist politics, was at first "semi-committed not to publish" a secret government history. Among the factors weighing on the publisher was pressure from The Times's outside law firm, Lord, Day & Lord. Its senior partner, Louis M. Loeb, warned that he would not defend the paper in court if it printed the documents.
"Lord, Day & Lord was a well-established firm numbering among its clients the Cunard Line," Mr. Sulzberger said at a 1996 dinner of the Committee to Protect Journalists. "Whether they were traumatized by the loss of the Titanic, I really can't say. But they certainly were cautious."
Lighthearted as that comment was — and inaccurate; the Titanic was owned by the White Star Line, not Cunard — Mr. Sulzberger acknowledged in interviews that he was "scared to death" that the Pentagon Papers could blow up in his face, that "all sorts of terrible things would happen," from fines to ruined reputations. But he stood firm, published the documents, found another law firm and won.
Calls From the White House
Mr. Sulzberger was not unfamiliar with outside pressures on what he should or should not print. In 1963, President John F. Kennedy tried to get him to replace The Times's correspondent in South Vietnam, David Halberstam. Mr. Halberstam stayed put.
In 1967, with the war in Vietnam going strong, Secretary of State Dean Rusk called Mr. Sulzberger to express concern about the work of another Times reporter, Harrison E. Salisbury, who was writing from Hanoi.
But there were fewer calls like those than many might think, Mr. Sulzberger said after he retired. In general, he said, government leaders "seemed loath to come directly to me."
During the Reagan administration, he was invited to lunch in the Oval Office. "When I got through," he recalled, "I made a telephone call to my mother. I said, 'Mom, guess who I had lunch with?' She said, 'Who, darling?' I said, 'The president, the vice president and the secretary of state.' She said: 'Oh, that's wonderful. What did they want?' "
Mr. Sulzberger added with a laugh, "I never did find out what they wanted."
More typically, complaints about news coverage came from social acquaintances, not that it did them much good. The publishing magnate Walter H. Annenberg was so enraged by an article on a seamy side of his family's past that he kept advertising for his TV Guide out of The Times for months.
As Mr. Sulzberger neared retirement, outside activities, like his involvement with the Metropolitan Museum of Art, took up an increasing share of his time. Mr. Sulzberger was the museum's chairman from 1987 to 1998 and since 1968 had been a trustee, as his father had been years earlier.
His time as chairman was one of expansion: museum attendance and membership rose significantly, and the budget nearly doubled, to $116.6 million from $64 million. But fund-raising was a chore he preferred to leave to others. "I'm expected to be prepared to go and rattle the cup, but luckily they don't call upon me too often," he said.
When he left as Times chairman in 1997, he remained convinced that newspapers — at least good newspapers — had a bright future.
"I think that paper and ink are here to stay for the kind of newspapers we print," he said in a post-retirement interview. "There's no shortage of news in this world. If you want news, you can go to cyberspace and grab out all this junk. But I don't think most people are competent to become editors, or have the time or the interest."
"You're not buying news when you buy The New York Times," Mr. Sulzberger said. "You're buying judgment."


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This Is Crazy: Pitbull Attacks Man For Trying To Take Him To The Pen So The Cops Shoot Him In The Head!
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by Chris Parsons on 10/27/2011 | Filed Under: News; Tags: mobile nations | 38 comments
Greetings webOS Nation!
This past summer we soft-launched "Mobile Nations", initially using the name for our cross-site podcast that brings together the heads of state from AndroidCentral, CrackBerry, TiPb, PreCentral and WPCentral for discussion on all things mobile.
Today I have the pleasure of more formally introducing Mobile Nations as our new network brand, creating an umbrella under which all of our individual communities stand united. Take note of the new Mobile Nations top bar and footer on this site!
Though our history in operating the leading mobile-platform dedicated websites reaches back over a decade to the launch of VisorCentral in 1999, it feels like we are in start-up mode again, making aggressive plans and tackling our to-do lists with gusto. Forum regulars will have already noticed a number of recently introduced feature enhancements and podcast fans are now able to watch replays of their favorite shows in video. Over the weeks and months ahead you'll see us pull the trigger on a number of other Mobile Nations initiatives currently in the works, all aimed at making your experiences on all of our communities even more engaging and fun.
Thanks for being part of the journey,


text: Actress/teen pop star Lindsay Lohan entered the world of show business at the tender age of three as a Ford model, which led to television commercials for the Gap, Pizza Hut, and Wendy's. She did more television work as she grew up, including stints on soap operas like Another World and The Guiding Light, as well as roles in The Bette Show and Get a Clue, a Disney Channel movie. Lohan's Disney connection, which included starring as the twins in a remake of The Parent Trap, continued into her teens and helped her expand her career into music: along with co-starring with Jamie Lee Curtis in 2003's Freaky Friday, she also performed the movie's theme song, "Ultimate." The following year, Lohan starred in Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen and contributed two songs to its soundtrack. Buoyed by these successes as well as her starring role in Mean Girls, Lohan hosted the 2004 MTV Movie Awards and won an award for Female Breakout Star. She also signed to Tommy Mottola's Casablanca Records, releasing her debut album, Speak, in December of 2004. The next year saw celebrity start to catch up with Lohan. While she continued her relationship with Disney, filming a remake of Herbie: Fully Loaded, Internet and tabloid rumors spread about everything from her health and love life (she's dating Wilmer, she isn't dating Wilmer....) to her late-night party habits and diva behavior. It didn't help that Speak was less than a success. By the end of 2005 Lohan's persona as the wild and damaged teen siren -- whatever its ratio of truth to fiction -- had outshone her accomplishments as an actress and a singer. And it was into this caustic tabloid climate that she released her second album, A Little More Personal (Raw). Though the album was critically panned, it was certified gold early in 2006. Later that year, Lohan was switched from Casablanca to Motown Records by Universal Music Group. Though she focused more on her film career in 2006 and 2007 and continued to have a swirl of tabloid attention and media controversy around her -- including her arrest on May 26, 2007, for suspicion of driving under the influence and a subsequent stay at Malibu, CA's Promises Treatment Center -- Lohan planned work on a third album in the second half of 2007. ~ Heather Phares


text:
1 Day West MacDonnell Ranges Tour
- Duration: 585 Minutes (approx.)
- Location: NT
- Product code: WM
Experience the magnificent grandeur of the West MacDonnell Ranges. Marvel at towering fiery red walls set aglow by the desert sun as you drive along the ranges. We tour through these amazing ranges all day and stop at beautiful gorges and waterholes, where we can enjoy a refreshing swim in the warmer months.
The Awesome Bits:
- Simpsons Gap
- Standley Chasm
- Ochre Pits
- Ormiston Gorge
- Glen Helen
- Ellery Creek Bighole
- Flynn's Memorial
- Optional swim at Ellery Creek Bighole (summer only)
What's Included:
- Morning tea
- Lunch
- Accommodation Pick-up & Drop-off
- Experienced Friendly Guide
- Air Conditioned Vehicle
- Entry Fee to Standley Chasm
Tour Itinerary:
We will collect you from outside your Alice Springs accommodation at 7.45am.
The spectacular outback scenery and photo opportunities as we travel along the magnificent West MacDonnell Ranges, stopping at historic sites. Enjoy beautiful walks at Simpsons Gap, Standley Chasm (for morning tea), the Ochre Pits, and Ormiston Gorge. Our next stop is at Glen Helen for a sit down buffet lunch, then on our way back to Alice Springs, we stop for afternoon time at Ellery Creek Big Hole. This waterhole is one of Central Australia's most pristine, so don't forget your swimmers in the warmer months!
The panoramic landscapes of the West MacDonnell Ranges are extraordinary for their immensity and the spectacular array of sunburnt oranges, maroons, and purples on display. These mighty ranges light up in brilliant oranges and reds at sunset on the return trip to Alice Springs.
Effective 1 APRIL 2019, a 1% credit card surcharge will be added at checkout and is non-refundable.


text:
I've had this thing for awhile, but it's the old desktop that I've been using in various forms for work.
Here's a look inside. It's an old HP xw4400 workstation, LGA775. It uses a HP 0A68h motherboard, on which CPU-Z reports an Intel i975x A0 northbridge, 82801GB (ICH7/R) A1 southbridge. BIOS installed is 786D7 v02.07.
It fits under the storage cabinets at work, so I can put the monitors in front of it.
only a couple of mm clearance, it's like it was meant to be. The only issue is using the top DVD drive...
There were a few quirks with this setup/machine...
1. I tried running dual GPU with the 9500 GT and a 8800 GT, but for whatever reason the BIOS wouldn't let me enable both PCI-E x16 lanes at the same time in this configuration. I had to use one Nvidia and one ATI/AMD graphics card and even though the BIOS claims one is disabled, both work.
2. When the BIOS is reset, the onboard sound is disabled and the default drive interface is changed to AHCI+RAID instead of just AHCI. This caused quite a few issues when I was unaware of the changes and trying to repair installations.
3. The Creative drivers for the Audigy2 failed to install, and only worked when I ran them in WinXP compatibility mode.
4. As per the hardware notes, the secondary PCI-E x16 slot is only a PCI-E x4 electrically. There is also a built in speaker right next to the front intake.
5. The power supply is not standard ATX size, and as I had replaced the original blown one with a standard ATX one you kind of have to be creative with two of the screws.
6. This machine unofficially supports the monster Core2 Quad Q6600 processor, although it throws up a flag for machine code mismatch that forces you to push F1 every time you boot. I was running it this way for awhile, until I got in my Biostar board for my Blast from the Past build.
7. Immediately after installing Win7 again I noticed performance went to shit. Random lockups, extremely long time accessing drives, etc. I'm not sure exactly what is causing it, but after changing the power profile to High Performance all of that sluggishness went away. If you are running an older computer you might want to give that a try.
This case is extremely sturdy/heavy and there is no see-through window or anything so it can actually be a pretty decent sleeper gaming rig. The only disadvantages of its dated design is that there are no intake filters or front fan mounts, only two 3.5" HDD slots, and aside from the nonstandard power supply size the only rear exhaust fan is a single 90mm. I would only trust it with lower power or extremely new stuff due to reduced power consumption and heat output.
Either way, this is basically a thread to let the world know that there still are xw4400 workstations out there kicking in some strange configurations.
Motherboard: HP 0A68h LGA775
CPU: Intel Core2Duo E6600 @ 2.4GHz
CPU Cooler: HP xw4400 stock (it's actually really good)
GPU 1: ATI Radeon 2600 XT
GPU 2: Nvidia 9500 GT
RAM: 4x2GB DDR2-400 (8GB total)
Boot HDD: Toshiba 160GB SATA 2.5"
Auxilary HDD: Hitachi 160GB IDE 3.5"
Sound Card: Creative Sound Blaster Audigy2 SB0240
ODD: ?? (1x SATA, 1x IDE (disconnected))
Wifi: Powerlink PL-H5DN-3070_RF USB 802.11n
Power Supply: HP OEM 350W
Case: HP xw4400 workstation
Page 1 of 1
[pc] workPC
Posted 27 January 2017 - 05:43 PM
Page 1 of 1


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It would hardly have been shocking for director Oliver Stone take a victory lap with "Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps," feeling that his views on greed and economics have been vindicated by the recent global financial collapse. But Stone resists, instead spreading the blame around -- even to the little guys -- while offering a well crafted scale model of how the current financial crisis came to be.
"Money Never Sleeps" opens with Gordon Gekko (Michael Douglas) checking out of prison with an empty money clip and a cell phone the size of an infant. Meanwhile, young Jacob Moore (Shia LaBeouf) is learning the business of Wall Street at the knee of Louis Zabel (Frank Langella), and, coincidentally enough, is shacked up with Gekko's estranged daughter, Winnie (Carey Mulligan).
A re-viewing of the original "Wall Street" reveals a terribly dated film with an iconic villain who wasn't really all that villainous. Gordon Gekko's famous "Greed is good" speech won Michael Douglas an Oscar, but a look back shows a perfectly reasonable ideology:
Greed, for lack of a better word, is good. Greed is right. Greed works. Greed clarifies, cuts through, and captures, the essence of the evolutionary spirit. Greed, in all of its forms; greed for life, for money, for love, knowledge, has marked the upward surge of mankind and greed.
Douglas is again great as Gekko. Though he has no epic aria to be regurgitated by aspiring titans and raiders, the new Gekko is a far more complicated character requiring greater range and nuance. The '87 vintage was a heat-seeking missile, the '10 model is much more dangerous.
LaBeouf inches closer to leading man status with his turn as Jacob, but his efforts to convey anger read more like petulance – in a face-off with Josh Brolin (giving his second great performance of the year) he looks like a paper boy insisting he's been shortchanged. And Jacob never has the crisis of conscience that Bud Fox (Charlie Sheen, who reprises his role from the original with an amusing cameo) endured. Bud sold out his old man and his union buddies to make a buck, Jacob just shows poor judgment a few times.
As for Mulligan, she's utterly wasted as the younger Gekko, Winnie is merely a chess piece at the whim of men chasing money. She cries and shouts convincingly, but the part doesn't call for a woman of Mulligan's talents.
Though Stone gets a lot right, he does get a few things wrong. He throws the phrase "moral hazard" around like a little kid trying out the F-word for the first time, and has two of his characters try to define it, with neither really coming close. One walks away wondering if Stone actually knows what it means. And the idea that Gekko would have to tell Jacob about "Tulipmania" is utter nonsense – if Moore is the man he pretends to be, he could write a thesis paper on Tulip mania without cracking a book. If Stone really wanted the story in his film – and clearly he did – he should've had Jacob explain to Winnie.
With "Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps" Stone has essentially done for the global economic fiasco what he did for the Kennedy assassination in "JFK" – turned one of our nation's biggest disasters in to an easy-to-understand and entertaining crime thriller.


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Trelleborg reveals the results of research it carried out to highlight how a wider tire footprint can not only boost the efficiency and productivity of farming operations, but result in savings of up to €3,800 when farming 500 hectares.
Held at Massey Ferguson's bi-annual 'Vision of the Future' event in Beauvais, France (19th – 29th August), Trelleborg's field demonstration saw two Massey Ferguson 7617 Dyna – 6 Efficient tractors compete over a 200 meter track simultaneously. With one tractor fitted with Trelleborg's wide 710/60R38 TM1000 High Power tires and the other a standard 520/85R38 tire, digital chronometers measured the time taken for each tractor to complete the track, while two pipes were set up to show fuel consumption to allow calculation of efficiency savings.
Piero Mancinelli, R&D Director, Agricultural and Forestry Tires at Trelleborg Wheel Systems said: "At Trelleborg, we hold a long-standing commitment to helping farming professionals produce more with less. As such we set out to showcase the potential of our latest solutions which have been specifically designed to boost productivity and efficiency for future farming operations, while also reducing operating costs and the overall environmental footprint."
The results of the field demonstration are testament to the advanced design of the tire tread and the implementation of Trelleborg's Blue Tire™ technology. The combination of the width of the tire and the high flexibility of the sidewall, guarantees a flat and large footprint at very low pressure. In addition, this combination enhances mud ejection, maximising the self-cleaning capability of the tire. As a result, the tire lugs work much more efficiently. The working lug surface is over 46% larger and ensures better traction and greater cost efficiencies. The entire footprint of the tire is wider than a standard 520/85R38 tire by up to 36%, providing a much more even and low pressure distribution on the soil as well as better flotation for higher crop productivity.
"As anticipated, the results show that using a tire with a wider footprint, farming professionals can save as much as €1,500 when farming an area of 200 hectares and up to €3,800 over 500 hectares. The 'Vision of the Future' event provided the ideal opportunity to conduct the field demonstration in a variety of soil moistures as a result of the differing weather conditions over the course of the two week event," added Mancinelli.
The performance of both Trelleborg's wide 710/60R38 TM1000 High Power tires and the standard 520/85R38 tires were tested in dry (15-18%), medium (18-25%) and wet (> 25%) soil moisture.
The cost efficiencies that can be obtained through the overall reduction of operating time and maintenance cost are as high as 17% in dry to medium soil conditions, 14% in medium conditions and 13% in wet soil moisture. Therefore fuel consumption can be reduced by over 16% in either dry to medium, medium or wet conditions. What's more, utilising a tire with a wider footprint such as the 710/60R38 TM1000 High Power significantly reduces soil compaction drastically increasing both the quality and output of crop yields.
Download the entire PDF document of the press release:
"Trelleborg reveals results of the tire footprint effect on farming efficiency"
Watch the images on flickr.com/TrelleborgAgri about "Vision of the Future" Event
Read the press release dedicated to Massey Ferguson's "Vision of the Future" Event


text:
ROM(redirected from Mask ROM)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
GOST 7.67 Latin three-letter geocode for Romania. The code is used for transactions to and from Romanian bank accounts and for international shipping to Romania. As with all GOST 7.67 codes, it is used primarily in Cyrillic alphabets.


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It's our honor to extend Vanguard's industry leading Premium Lifetime Warranty for all Vanguard Optics and Hunting Packs. No questions, no hassle! In fact, no receipt required either. If we are unable to fix your broken binocular, spotting scope, rifle scope, or hunting pack we'll replace it! That's our guarantee.


text:
Thread: Money-Market Rates Double .....
Results 1 to 1 of 1
#1 Money-Market Rates Double .....09-16-2008, 01:28 PM
Amid Global Credit Seizure (Update4)
By Gavin Finch and Kim-Mai Cutler
Sept. 16 (Bloomberg) -- The cost of borrowing in dollars overnight more than doubled to the highest since 2001 as the collapse of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. and credit downgrades of American International Group Inc. led banks to hoard cash.
The London interbank offered rate, or Libor, that financial institutions charge each other to borrow soared 3.33 percentage points to 6.44 percent today, its biggest jump in at least seven years, according to the British Bankers' Association. The rate was as low as 2.07 percent in June.
Banks are driving up short-term lending rates on concern that AIG, the biggest U.S. insurer, will follow Lehman into bankruptcy and leave financial institutions with losses on $441 billion of credit derivatives. Central banks around the world pumped more than $210 billion into the financial system as they sought to alleviate the credit-market seizure.
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?p...efer=worldwideAt Coretta Scott King's funeral in early 2006, Ethel Kennedy, the widow of Robert Kennedy, leaned over to him and whispered, "The torch is being passed to you." "A chill went up my spine," Obama told an aide. (Newsweek)
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Dachshund Dog
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Send Chocolate Mousse Cake sourced from Marriott Hotel a luxuries treat for your loved ones in Pakistan. it's a hand delivered to ensure freshness.
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|Hare Krishna devotees worship at the Krishna Temple in Alachua on Sunday.
Someone had clogged the toilets, he said.
The damage extended far beyond that inconvenience. Someone had defecated on the bathroom floor, strewn bleach around the temple and into a fountain, broke furnishings and tossed books into the fountain.
There were only a few people at the temple because many other devotees planned to attend a festival in Clearwater later that day. Goldman said he had an idea who was responsible: Peter Bergman.
Bergman had been at the temple from time to time, including that morning. He had even stayed at the guest house.
He had struck other members as strange, but that raised no alarms. "He seemed a little odd, but we normally don't jump to conclusions about oddness," said Miriam Tassinare, president of the ISKCON of Alachua temple at 17306 NW 112th Blvd.
Sheriff's deputies came to the scene and arrested a man they say helped Bergman deface the facility, while later filing a sworn criminal complaint against Bergman.
For a community that strives for a peaceful existence — devotees generally don't kill other creatures, even mosquitos — the incident has been a wakeup call.
The Hare Krishna community in Alachua welcomes newcomers to visit the temple, Tassinare said, and that won't change.
"We're always open for people to come experience our meditation and the spiritual atmosphere here, but we'll probably look more now at having some security here," she said.
They lock their doors and have an alarm system that keeps the building secure at night, but she said they'll probably look at adding security during services and other times.
Tassinare said she also wants to talk to the Alachua County Sheriff's Office about the congregation's rights, such as whether they can physically restrain someone who vandalizes their property. She explained that devotees are allowed to restrain an aggressor without compromising their religious views or lifestyle.
This incident could have been much worse, she said. There wasn't a lot of damage, and no one was hurt.
Because he was a familiar face, Bergman's arrival around 7 a.m. Saturday didn't ring any alarm bells, she said. And devotees said they assumed the man with him, Melshizedek Reyes, was a friend of Bergman's.
"But I think very soon after he came, they began acting erratic," Tassinare said.
According to a sheriff's report, the men said the temple was unclean and threw bleach around the facility and poured bleach into a decorative fountain at the front of the temple.
They threw books into the fountain and broke vases, according to the report. A sacred plant was also broken, Goldman said, which is considered offensive to Krishna devotees.
He said Reyes seemed to be following Bergman's orders during the incident.
"Whatever that other guy (Bergman) told him, it seemed like he would do," he said.
Bergman, 54, had seemed a little strange to other members of the temple, Goldman said, but they didn't think he'd do anything like this.
"We didn't expect that, even though he was little weird," he said.
After discovering the damage, a staff member suggested that Goldman drive the men to their homes, but Goldman said no. He said they should call the Sheriff's Office and then went back outside to keep an eye on the men.
When a deputy arrived, he arrested Reyes, who refused to give him any identification and said he was not going to speak to the deputy. Each man was carrying a bag — a backpack and a grocery bag — and they refused to let the deputy see what was inside, according to the report.
Reyes tried to run away from the deputy and was shot with a Taser stun gun after turning and charging at the deputy, according to a report.
Reyes, 25, of Volusia County, was arrested on charges of damage to property/criminal mischief, resisting arrest and disturbing the peace at a religious facility.
Bergman, however, was taken to Shands at the University of Florida. He still had a bracelet from Shands, where he had recently been treated for bone cancer, said Sheriff's Office spokesman Art Forgey.
He said the deputy felt Bergman needed medical attention. Medical issues take precedent over arrests, he said.
Bergman later was charged via a sworn criminal complaint with damage to property/criminal mischief, resisting arrest and disturbing the peace at a religious facility.
Forgey said the State Attorney's Office could determine that Reyes and Bergman should receive hate crime charges, but that hasn't been done yet.
Despite the concerns this incident has raised, Tassinare said she doesn't consider this a hate crime.
"I think it was really the crime of crazy people," she said.


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Download Needful Things Study Guide
Needful Things
(Critical Survey of Contemporary Fiction)
Stephen King states that NEEDFUL THINGS will be "The Last Castle Rock Story." The fictitious Maine town has been the setting for a number of King's horror classics, including THE DEAD ZONE (1979), CUJO (1981), and THE DARK HALF (1989). A newcomer to Castle Rock, Leland Gaunt, supposedly from Akron, Ohio, opens a shop called Needful Things. For some mysterious reason, Gaunt seems to know what item each of his customers will do almost anything to possess. Eleven-year-old Brian Rusk, Gaunt's first customer, buys a Sandy Koufax baseball card. The price that Gaunt asks may seem low in monetary terms, but he also asks young Brian to play a trick on a local woman. Each of Gaunt's customers is asked to do something over and above the cash price.
Gaunt's charm woos his customer. He seems to understand all too well his customers' character flaws. He pushes the correct buttons, and the citizens of Castle Rock commit hideous crimes. The only character who seems to be immune from Gaunt's influence is the sheriff, Andy Pangborn. He becomes more and more suspicious of Gaunt after a number of crimes lead back to the shop, yet the shop is always closed when Pangborn passes by.
As NEEDFUL THINGS moves forward, the number of citizens who fall prey to Gaunt's influence increases. King details many grisly acts of violence. The narrative shifts back and forth from one character's point of view to another. It becomes evident that Gaunt is some sort of monster or devil. The sheriff risks his own life to drive Gaunt out of town, but not without Castle Rock being destroyed. NEEDFUL THINGS is somewhat overwritten, but nevertheless, it is one of King's most frightening and apocalyptic tales.
Sources for Further Study
Booklist. LXXXVII, June 15, 1991, p. 1907.
Kirkus Reviews. LIX, July 1, 1991, p. 813.
Locus. XXVII, July, 1991, p. 23.
Los Angeles Times Book Review. October 20, 1991, p. 6.
The New York Times Book Review. XCVI, September 29, 1991, p. 13.
Publishers Weekly. CCXXXVIII, July 25, 1991, p. 36.
Time. CXXXVIII, November 11, 1991, p. GT12.
The Times Literary Supplement. November 15, 1991, p. 6.
USA Today. October 31, 1991, p. D8.
The Washington Post Book World. XXI, September 29, 1991, p. 9.


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Praise for James Peterson:
"The heart of the book really lies in the Vegetable section, where James Peterson highlights, vegetable by vegetable, delicious recipes and photos on preparing them. If you're even remotely interested in herbs, this section is spectacular, with photos of each herb, information on preparation and storage, and enticing recipes."
—KQED Bay Area Bites, 4/9/12
"A farmer's market field guide."
—menshealth.com, Guy Gourmet
"Peterson's masterful survey of kitchen skills is a refreshing dose of tradition for anyone weary of quick-and-simple recipe books."
—Publishers Weekly
"What I admire about Peterson's work is the way he makes the chef's knowledge so clear and accessible to the home cook."
—Michael Ruhlman, author of The Elements of Cooking
"Some cookbooks help you get dinner on the table tonight. [Petersons'] help you become a better cook for the rest of your life-—every recipe teaches you something fundamental."
—O Magazine
"It will soon be said—if it hasn't already—that one could learn everything one needs to know about cooking by simply having and using James Peterson's books."
—Peter Reinhart, author of Peter Reinhart's Artisan Breads Every Day
"Cooking from a James Peterson book is like having a personal cooking coach with you in the kitchen."
—Bonnie Stern, founder of Bonnie Stern Cooking School
Introduction vi
Part I 1
Skills for Preparing and Cooking Vegetables
Knife skills 2
Methods of Cooking 9
Making Salads 37
Making Gratins and Casseroles 51
Making Stews 56
Making Soups 63
Making pasta, Gnocchi, and Risottos 80
Making Pureed Vegetables 90
Part II
The Vegetables: A to Z
appendix 360
Butters and Sauces
Broths and Concentrated broths
Index 378
Acknowledgments 391


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Matt Behr, MathWorks
Companies building complex electronics for the commercial and military aviation market often struggle with achieving DO-254 compliance. It is an increasingly common requirement for both military and commercial projects. Compliance can be time consuming and costly.
We will demonstrate how organizations can maximize their investment in Model-Based Design and help achieve DO-254 compliance.
The first half of the webinar will give an overview of the DO-254 workflow and demonstrate how models are built, are linked to requirements, and are verified using simulation.
The second half of the webinar will focus on the latter stages of the DO-254 workflow, focusing on HDL generation and verification.
A technical demonstration showing the complete workflow will be used throughout the webinar.
Presenter: Matt Behr
Presenter Bio: Matt is a member of the Aerospace & Defense Industry Team at MathWorks. In this role, he is responsible for researching how our leading Aerospace & Defense customers are using MathWorks technology, discovering new applications of the technology, and creating targeted messages for the industry. Prior to this marketing role, Matt spent 5 years in the Application Engineering Group supporting key Aerospace customers.
Note: Simulink Verification and Validation transitioned to Simulink Check, Simulink Coverage, and Simulink Requirements in R2017b.
Recorded: 22 Jul 2010
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Much of the Jewish world was shaken on March 11, 2011, when terrorists broke into a house in Itamar, a Jewish village in the West Bank, belonging to Ruth and Udi Fogel. The terrorists butchered both parents and three of their children, (aged eleven, four and three months). The bodies were discovered later that night when the family's twelve-year-old daughter returned home from a youth activity, and found her two-year-old brother crying, shaking and trying to wake up mommy and daddy.
In Israel and across the world, many Jews of various backgrounds viewed the massacre of the Fogels as an attack on the very fabric of Israel. Once again, a Jewish family – including young children - had been murdered by terrorists.
Following the attack on the Fogels, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu made a rare public appeal to the international community to condemn the murder, and was met largely with silence. In Gaza, celebrating Palestinians even handed out sweets to celebrate the act. Many of the world's media reported the attack in negative tones: not negative in condemning the murders, but rather negative in fretting about Israel's possible "response" and settlement activity.
Related Article: Purim and Responding to the Itamar Massacre
Different Reactions
Since these murders, I, like many Jews, have been inundated with requests for action. My friends and I have prayed. We donated money to the three surviving, orphaned children. A Jewish class I take dedicated its learning to the memory of the slain parents and children. At the Jewish school my children attend, the talk among parents, teachers and administrators has been of little else.
But the killings in Itamar have also been met in many quarters with a deafening silence.
In many quarters the killings in Itamar have been met with a deafening silence.
In many interactions with my fellow Jews, the subject of the attack just didn't come up. I asked some friends and relatives about it, and was met with short, almost embarrassed answers. Yes, it was sad, but oh well. These things happen from time to time. What is there to say?
Several days after the killings I was so disturbed, I even e-mailed one Jewish group I participate in and suggested that we as a group do something in the family's memory. One member e-mailed me back, asking, "Who are the Fogels?" Nobody else responded.
The Fogels as the "Other"
The Fogel family was Orthodox, and photos released after their murders showed what to many were "strange-looking" people: a mother with a pink scarf covering most of her hair, a father with a long, wispy beard and a yarmulke, two boys with long side-locks hanging down and yarmulkes on their head. They lived in Itamar, a Jewish settlement in the West Bank.
Even their names were different: Udi, Yoav, Eldad, Hadas. Many Jews viewed them as foreign. Some even saw them as almost deserving their fates. (After all, most of us don't choose to live in the West Bank.) Maybe they were, after all, "obstacles to peace." Perhaps they had made themselves expendable.
The Fogels' murder coincided with the devastating reports coming out of Japan. While most people were shocked and upset about the suffering in Japan (the death toll climbed to 10,000 during the week after the Fogels' murders), I noticed that some people made very strange, cruel comments on internet news sites about the quake. Using the comfort of anonymity, people wrote inexplicable things. The Governor of Tokyo (who didn't even have the luxury of anonymity for his indifference) even said that the people of northern Japan deserved the earthquake and tsunami that killed them.
This disassociation harms us as both human beings and as Jews.
Indifference, bordering on cruelty, is so often the norm. People disassociate. Other people become invisible. We rationalize that maybe they deserve our fates. Our concern for them withers.
But this disassociation harms us as both human beings and as Jews.
At a human level, we cannot tolerate violence against other people without diminishing our humanity. As Jews, we cannot tolerate indifference, either. We are a people that have lasted over 3,000 years, bound by our unique relationship with God – and with each other. We are a distinct group, intimately connected to one another.
Today, whenever a Jewish parent bestows a Jewish name on their newborn child, each time a Jewish person participates in a ritual or commandment like Shabbat dinner or a Passover seder, every time a Jewish person's ears prick up or their attention focuses when they hear a news item that concerns Jews or Israel, they are affirming their place within the Jewish people. "All Jews are siblings" the Torah teaches. We are all a part of the same family, and what diminishes one diminishes us all.
Yes, to some the Fogels appeared strangely dressed. Strangely named. Foreign. Israeli. Settlers. But they were people, and they were Jews. They are family. Their murder has to mean something to all of us. If it doesn't, we are darkening our very core.
Love Your Neighbor
The Torah commands: "And you shall love your fellow as you love yourself" (Leviticus 19:18)
How can we actually love another as much as we love my own selves? It's a challenging commandment. Yet a central one: for only by valuing other people's lives, by thinking of them as fully human, can we stay connected with others. It's the only way we ourselves can remain fully human too.
Judaism teaches that we are all created in the image of God. Each one of us reflects a different facet of the Divine. When we relate to our fellow men and women, we are relating to holy beings.
Judaism also provides us with a wealth of specific mitzvahs to ensure that we value and connect with others: offering hospitality, visiting the sick, helping a poor bride to make a beautiful wedding, acting as a mediator between quarrelling people. These are not merely nice things to do; in our timeless Jewish tradition, they are obligations: commandments that bind us to others and elevate us all. We are also obligated to stop and feel the pain of our brothers and sisters.
Identifying with others, especially those who are different than us, doesn't come easily. But it is the only way we can become the people God intended for us to be.
Today, in memory of the Fogels, let us each try to live up to this central commandment to love and value others a little more.


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Notary Service
Made for Use by Philip Wiggs
Dragonslayer by Alexander Hasnson
Chill & Chat with Student Chaplains
Worship Service
Peanut Butter & Gender
Daoism as a Living Tradition in Contemporary China
Spiritual Seekers
Mountain Folk Festival Eve Street Dance
TGIF (Think Globally, It is Friday!)
Deep Peace
TGIF (Think Globally, Its Friday!)
Mountain Folk Festival Public Dance
Dandelion Festival
Forestry Outreach Center Saturday Led Hike @ the Pinnacles
"Love Soup" Luncheon
Mundo Monthly, "El Norte" film
Women of These Hills: 3 Cultures of Appalachia
Internship Presentations
Quilt Maker and Appalachian Elder Visit
Kinetic Expressions 2018
Foster Care and Adoption in the Mountains
T.R.U.T.H. Talks: Symbols of Patriotism
Learning through Service Expo
Give to Berea
Distinctly Berean


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INJURY DURATION: Eternity
PAIN LOCATION: Left kneecap region.
OTHER SYMPTOMS: Obsessive elliptical use
HURTS WHEN I: ONLY WHEN I RUN. Nothing else. Really. I walk, jump, squat, etc. …and it's FINE. I jog for 3 minutes on a treadmill and it hurts. Go flippin' figure.
HURTS SORT OF WHEN I: <see above>
DOESN'T HURT WHEN I: <again. see above.>
1) Ice. Ice ice ice. The frostbitten patch on my knee is now hardened and keratinized and all funky-feeling. It's kind of cool.
2) Mad Men.
3) Obsessive thesis work.
4) Calling an orthopedist to get this crap taken care of.
4.5) …which necessitated a call to the nice people at United Healthcare. Shirley explained to me my benefits, because understanding and seeking health care is one of those "adult" things I'm not yet able to do, along with doing taxes, going on a date with a man who doesn't just annoy the sheer hell out of me, and going a full day at work without saying something mildly inappropriate but ridiculously funny, which is how I justify it when a word like "boobies" comes flying out of my mouth in professional company.
5) Education. I showed you all a helpful diagram yesterday, but The Bear sent me a more comprehensive knee illustration to better show me how to treat my condition:
…so I need to put ice on the boner, so it doesn't keep grinding on the boner, which is also going to cause some pain, naturally, to the boner when it bends against the boner. I get it now!
Seriously, this is all really depressing. I think I'm taking a few days off from even thinking about it.
Signing off for a few,


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Shortly after the [80-city] tour ended on Dec. 22 with a sold-out show in Tokyo, the band's singer and songwriter, Rivers Cuomo, settled into a tiny, monastic dormitory room at Harvard, from which he will graduate this spring with a bachelor's degree in English.Cuomo's austerity includes abstaining from sex (though he says he's getting married soon, to a person he won't name). He meditates twice a day -- lately, in the dorm closet, underneath the sweaters. He's returning to Harvard after attending in the mid-90s, which was after his band became popular:
... He lives alone, in a modest 14-by-9-foot room with the standard-issue desk, bureau and bed, to which he has added only a map of the world, taped to the wall, and a small Oriental rug bought for less than $200 by Sarah Kim, his personal assistant. "Most people wouldn't expect a rock star to be happy living in a dorm room," said Ms. Kim, "but he is."...
"There are so many difficulties to being a musician, and being a rock star," he said in late January as snow fell outside his room in Sarah Whitman Hall, a red-brick 1911 dorm with arched doorways and wooden banisters smoothed by time. "Here I can escape the pain of my profession. The truth is, I hate to perform. I get such bad stage fright, it makes me physically ill."
During one hiatus from school, from mid-1998 to 1999, he moved into an apartment under a freeway in Culver City, Calif.Normally, material like that doesn't work well in an admissions essay.
"I became more and more isolated," he wrote in an essay for a Harvard dean, explaining his long absence. "I unplugged my phone. I painted the walls and ceiling of my bedroom black and covered the windows with fiberglass insulation."


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solvent(redirected from menstruum)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
The state of a company being able to service its debt and meet its other obligations, especially in the long-term. Solvency is a necessary condition for a business to operate. If a company is unable to meet its obligation, it is said to be insolvent and must undergo bankruptcy in order to either liquidate or restructure. See also: Insolvency risk, Accounting insolvency.
Able to meet debts or discharge liabilities. Compare insolvent.


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Sprint Mulling Spoiler Bid for MetroPCS
Looks like Sprint may take a second run at MetroPCS. Sources tell Bloomberg that the carrier is considering submitting a counteroffer to the cash-and-stock deal struck by MetroPCS and T-Mobile parent Deutsche Telekom Wednesday. An interesting development, to say the least. Sprint was poised to acquire MetroPCS earlier this year, but the company's board of directors balked at the deal at the last minute.


text: Pregnancy Pregnancy Announcement Gender Reveal Ideas: Baby Boy It's difficult not to tell everyone your baby's gender once you know. If they know that you know, you most likely have heard every question in the book to get you to spill the beans. If you've decided to include your family and friends in your baby's gender reveal celebration, here are eight creative ways to spill the beans. Rousing RevelationsFor expectant parents who are throwing a gender reveal party, share the following ideas with the person announcing the most secretive (and important) element of your party: your baby's gender! Have the host present each guest with a small box of either pink or blue toys wrapped in a neutral-coloured wrapping paper. With cameras ready and video rolling, instruct all your guests to open their boxes at the same time. By letting your guests do the reveal for you, all eyes will be on you and your partner's reactions, which will surely be priceless. With a sealed envelope revealing baby's gender in hand, order a cake and instruct the baker to open the sealed envelope revealing baby's gender upon your exit. Tell the baker to colour the spongy cake layer to correspond with baby's gender – blue for boy, pink for girl – and cover it with icing in a non-corresponding colour. Cut the cake in front of your family and friends, but only after shouting out your predictions for the last time.Ask the party host to purchase a dozen appropriately coloured balloons and stuff them into a large cardboard box. Place the box outside your home and open it with your partner, with all your guests watching. It will make for a memorable photo!Upon entering the party, tell each guest to cast his or her vote on a decorative chalkboard by marking an 'X' in the girl or boy column (your host will keep a list of who voted for each gender). When the time comes, open the sealed envelope with your partner and shout out your baby's gender. Any guests who selected the correct gender will win a parting gift.Signed, Sealed and DeliveredIf you live far from your loved ones or simply prefer not to have a gender reveal party, here's how you can document the announcement and share it via snail mail, email or on your favourite social media website. All boys love to play in the mud and get dirty, so there's no better way to announce the gender of your bundle than by writing 'BOY' in the mud using a stick. Take a picture of the word, making sure to also capture your belly and the stick in your opposite hand and post it to your social media page. Alter your ultrasound image by adding a blue tie graphic around your son's neck. Attach the image in an e-mail, along with a beautiful note and virtually deliver it to all recipients on your 'must call after birth' list.Set up your camera timer to take a series of images and sit down next to your partner with a balloon in hand: his blue, yours pink. Both of you should put the balloon in your mouth and pretend to blow. However, only your husband should continue to blow up his blue balloon, while your pink balloon stays deflated. Order a photo strip showcasing the three images balloons in mouth, both pretending to blow up your balloons and the blue balloon fully inflated. Throw the strips into the post and wait for the congratulations to pour in from loved ones.There's no right or wrong way to reveal your baby's gender if you choose to find out, so why not have a little fun with the whole process? You might also like:


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Troubleshooter is very similar to another occupation for which we have
a full profile.
Check out our full profile for:
Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment
Install, adjust, or maintain mobile electronics communication equipment, including sound, sonar, security, navigation, and surveillance systems on trains, watercraft, or other mobile equipment.
Boat Builder
Boat Rigger
Body Wirer
Controller Repairer and Tester
Critical Systems Technician
Electrician, Locomotive
Electronic Bench Technician
Electronic Technician
Electronics Mechanic
Installer, Security Systems
Locomotive Electrician
Marine Electrician
Mechanical Electrical Plumbing Supervisor (MEP Supervisor)
Mobile Electronics Installer
Motor Home Electrical Foreman
Radio Technician
Repairer, Controller, Tester
Ship Yard Electrical Person