text:
She wasn't born this way.
Forbes recently named Lady Gaga as the most powerful celebrity, outshining other celebrity moguls like U2, Elton John, and even Oprah.
According to Forbes, Gaga grossed an estimated $170 million from her recent 137-date tour. She ranks number one on web, is first in social ranks, and third in television and radio. (She's only the 7th most powerful woman, though). An estimated 15 million albums have been sold across the globe. Not to mention, she's had endorsements with big names like Polaroid, Virgin Moble, and Viva Glam.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
For an NYU dropout named Stephanie Germanotta, that's not too shabby.
Meanwhile, the omnipresent Oprah came in second place, though her net worth is somewhere in the neighborhood of $2.7 billion. Though "The Oprah Winfrey Show" is coming to a close, Oprah's trying to make her own network, OWN, work.
She said goodbye to her show Wednesday, after 25 years on the air.
But why, exactly, did Gaga beat Oprah? "Because of her social media power," Forbes editor Dorothy Pomerantz said. "She's the best example of how celebrities will need to manage their careers in the coming years."
Justin Bieber, now 17, respectably came in third.

subset: commoncrawl


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Created on June 10, 2013
Direct Line for American Business: Market Information U.S. Business Can Use
"Let me be very clear: more than ever, foreign policy is economic policy. One of the best things our diplomatic presences abroad can do is to advance our economic interests and help create jobs here at home." – Secretary of State John Kerry
With 96 percent of global consumers living outside the United States, exports are a great way to increase jobs and income here at home. Successful exporting requires accurate and up-to-the minute information on opportunities and market conditions abroad.
Direct Line to American Business
Direct Line lets U.S. business hear directly from our Ambassadors and our economic and commercial experts at over 260 Embassies and Consulates in over 190 countries. Our staffs are trained to identify promising market sectors and to help U.S. exporters capitalize on new opportunities.
How Direct Line Works
Ambassadors or Principal Officers of U.S. missions overseas host Direct Line webinars or conference calls, often including local government officials, to discuss emerging sectors or new developments. Participants have time to ask questions and offer comments. Recent calls have included:
- Infrastructure Opportunities in Dubai
- Promoting U.S. Tourism in Germany
- Petroleum and Mining in Gabon
- Encouraging Investment in Burma
Who Can Participate
Any U.S. business can register for a Direct Line call at http://www.state.gov/e/eb/directline. The website provides a full list of past and upcoming calls. U.S. businesses can also subscribe to receive e-mail announcements of upcoming calls, as well as offer suggestions for future countries and sectors for calls. Direct Line is a free service of the U.S. Department of State.
"Direct Line offered an exceptional opportunity for our Mission to have real-time communication with the front-line of U.S. businesses engaged in expanding commercial and investment ties with Colombia and the Latin American region in general. The breadth of interests and practical questions regarding market potential also helps us organize ourselves more effectively to be helpful at this juncture when the opportunities in Colombia are multiplying." – Ambassador Michael McKinley, U.S. Embassy Colombia
Register for calls and sign up for updates at http://www.state.gov/e/eb/directline
Fact Sheet
Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs
May 24, 2013
Posted at 8:35 AM


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Digital Production
The Gnomon Workshop offers the most comprehensive set of Digital Production tutorials anywhere. The broad scope of the tutorials contained in this section range from foundational understanding of the software tools all the way to the professional application of these tools and concepts used by artists working in the film and game industries.
Entertainment Design
The Gnomon Workshop is widely regarded as the global leader in training tutorials for the designer working in the entertainment industry. With tutorials ranging from foundational drawing and design concepts to process tutorials from some of the top concept and character designers in the world, there is surely something here to inspire.
As the tattoo industry has seen an explosion in popularity over the last few years, the need training in this field has also grown. In these video tutorials, some of the top tattoo artists in the world share their techniques and their take on the art of tattoo. The tutorials range from absolute beginner level to advanced color and blending techniques used by some of the world's best.
The Gnomon Workshop offers professional training on most of the software applications used in today's digital pipelines. There are foundational titles to introduce users to the software and tools, as well as advanced production titles that discuss application tools and processes vital to the production of digital assets and media.
Professional Training for Artists
The Gnomon Workshop seeks out the most highly-regarded traditional and digital artists and technicians currently working in the entertainment and design industries. Our instructors have shared their practices working at such top studios as Pixar, ILM, Blizzard, and many more.Instructor GalleriesInstructor Interviews
Axel Stanley-Grossman is currently a Lead Technical Artist at Sony Computer Entertainment Santa Monica, working on an unannounced title. In his role as a character tech artist, Axel writes tools to automate rigging processes, assists animators and prototypes new techniques. His latest work can be seen in God of War, the latest title in one of gaming's most beloved franchises. Axel formerly served as Senior Character TD at Insomniac Games, where he contributed to the success of multiple PlayStation 3 titles, including Ratchet and Clank: Tools of Destruction, Ratchet and Clank: A Crack in Time and both Resistance 2 and Resistance 3. He graduated from the Gnomon School of Visual Effects in 2006, and holds a Bachelors of Fine Arts from Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff. In addition to being an alumnus of Gnomon, Axel has also taught and contributed education related materials for the school.
Axel is a brilliant technical animator whose impressive rigging techniques, scripting skills, and problem solving abilities provide our team with the cutting edge tools necessary to continue to push the boundaries of animation in the gaming industry.
Axel is one the best riggers I've had the pleasure to work with. The work he has done at Insomniac to automate technical art tasks is inspiring and demonstrates a mastery of his craft.
Try a Class on Campus
Gnomon specializes in computer graphics education for careers in the entertainment industry.


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NYPD Officer Figoski's shooter convicted of felony murder
An ex-convict was found guilty Monday of second-degree murder in the shooting of NYPD Officer Peter Figoski but was acquitted of the top charge of intentional murder of a police officer.
The jury of 10 women and two men found Lamont Pride, 28, not guilty of aggravated murder but convicted him of felony murder after finding Pride had shot Figoski, a West Babylon resident, while committing the felony of burglary.
The decorated 22-year veteran was shot in the face when he came upon robbers ripping off a drug dealer in the dingy basement of a Brooklyn home 14 months ago.
Pride faces a term of 25 years to life in prison when he is sentenced Feb. 28, but he could have gotten life without parole if convicted of intentionally shooting Figoski, 47.
Before the jury announced its verdict in State Supreme Court in Brooklyn, Justice Alan Marrus asked spectators, including members of the Figoski family and a crowd of police officers, to act "with restraint and dignity."
Family members leaned forward in their seats and several police officers bit their lips or clenched their hands, but there was no obvious reaction from spectators, or Pride, who stood impassively as the verdict was read.
Later, Patrolmen's Benevolent Association president Patrick Lynch said he had met with the family after the verdict and they were "disappointed beyond belief."
Attorneys for Pride had argued that the gun went off by accident, and defense attorney James Koenig said outside court that the verdict "reflects what we feel are the facts in the case."
Members of the jury could not be reached after the verdict.
Lynch said the verdict sent a negative message to police officers. "To say the least, we're disappointed -- and angry," he said after leaving the courtroom. "There is a moral pact with police officers that if you kill a New York City police officer you will put them away forever."
NYPD Commissioner Ray Kelly released a statement: "We had hoped that the charge of aggravated murder would have prevailed. Officer Figoski was an exemplary police officer in every way, and his dedication and commitment to this City will never be forgotten.
"I hope the verdict of murder in the second degree, and the fact that the person responsible for his death was convicted of it, provides some measure of comfort to the Figoski family," the statement said.
The family did not comment, and returned to the courtroom as the prosecution wrapped up its case against the alleged getaway driver, Michael Velez, 22, of Ozone Park, before another jury.
Velez, who did not enter the basement, admitted on the witness stand that he had a criminal record, but said he was just giving a ride that night to an acquaintance who wanted to "buy some weed" in Brooklyn.
Prosecutor Kenneth Taub said in his closing argument to the jury that telephone records and other evidence showed Velez knew what he was getting into. "You don't take a witness with you when you commit a crime; you take a partner," Taub told the jury, which will begin deliberations Wednesday following Tuesday's court holiday.
Pride had served a prison term in North Carolina and was wanted on a fugitive warrant for a shooting there when he shot Figoski, who was coming down the stairs to the basement of 25 Pine St. on Dec. 12, 2011, as Pride was coming up.
Prosecutors said Pride was part of a loose crew who robbed drug dealers, often at gunpoint, because the dealers would not go to the police.
The alleged ringleader of the robbery crew, Nelson Morales, 28, and Kevin Santos, 31, both of Queens, are awaiting trial. A fifth crew member, Ariel Tejada, 23, of Queens, pleaded guilty and got a reduced sentence for testimony against Pride and Velez, and possible testimony against Morales and Santos.


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Years ago, the photographers Larry Sultan and Mike Mandel decided to put together a book about the work on which they had collaborated, decades worth of significant art made between the 1970s and 1990s. Each had been working on his own solo projects and Mandel had left California, where the two grew up and met and studied together, so the book was always meant to be a look back, a visitation from a place of finality. But then Larry Sultan got sick. Sultan succumbed to cancer in December of 2009 at the age of 63.
"We thought it would be great to take some of the work that people hadn't seen a lot of or hadn't seen anything about and bring that to light, and we just thought now would be a great opportunity to do that, now that we were kind of moving into a different part of our lives," Mandel says. "We didn't realize Larry was moving into leaving this place."
The book project was dormant for a while after Sultan's death, but his wife, assistant and gallerist—who continued to be involved throughout the project—helped Mandel get the idea going again. Because the book had always been about a collaboration that had ended, the form and structure imagined by Mandel and Sultan could still be implemented. The resulting book, Larry Sultan & Mike Mandel, will be released by Distributed Art Publishers in September.
The artists, who met as graduate students at the San Francisco Art Institute, shared an openness to conceptual and experimental photography. "We were lucky to be young and freshly in that world when so much was changing," says Mandel. The medium was expanding—although Sultan later became known as a photographer, the work the two did together is photography mainly in a conceptual sense—and the community was small enough that the two had access to influential teachers and artists even outside their school environment.
Their collaboration began in 1973 with public art displayed on billboards, work that both interrogated the tropes of advertising and challenged art by placing it in a commercial context. They continued to make billboards for many years. They also worked together on books, including How to Read Music in One Evening, which re-appropriated advertising imagery, and the seminal Evidence, their best known work, which took documentary and archival photos out of their contexts. Later, the two turned their attention to the news media, applying their signature critical mindfulness to the subject. Alongside photographic highlights of their art career together, Larry Sultan & Mike Mandel features analytical essays and a metaphorical commentary by author Jonathan Lethem.
Mandel says that this new book was an opportunity to revisit some of their projects that had not been previously examined. "As time went on I think we recognized that a lot of the work we had decided at the time we didn't need to talk about really ought to be talked about, for different reasons," he says. "We did re-frame what we chose to put in the book based on this idea of looking back and being a little bit more generous toward ourselves."
But even though the photographers had discussed the content of the book prior to Sultan's illness, Mandel was left to make many decisions alone. He says that there were moments when he knew that there would have been a disagreement if Sultan had been there; the weight of sole responsibility was a heavy one. And they hadn't yet decided how to end the book. Mandel chose the project Newsroom, a 1983 exhibit in which they used news tickers to edit their own versions of the days events, as the book's stopping place. He says he felt that to stop there was to present the most coherent set of ideas, and it was also a chance to step back and look at a project that the artists had been such part of that they never got to see it from a distance. "If Larry had been with me it would have been really great to have done that together," Mandel says.
In an essay that accompanied Evidence, Robert F. Forth, the dean of the California College of Arts and Crafts, examined the meanings of evidence, surprise and context. He wrote about the "yin/yang balance between the circumstantial and the evident," the way that the two compliment each other to make one whole thought. If one has any defect, its relationship to the other can fill that whole. Likewise, says Mandel, his own introverted working process and Sultan's gregarious quick thinking co-existed without one drowning out the other.
"We just had a very different way of being but we both trusted each other a lot and we both gave each other as much room to argue and promote our ideas as much as we could. That's what the Socratic attitude was about. It was about testing these ideas," says Mandel. "We collaborated as equals all the way through our relationship."
Larry Sultan & Mike Mandel, will be released in September by Distributed Art Publishers.


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Where does your
leadership team get stuck?
Get to the heart of it.®
Discover a rigorous and compassionate method to resolve your leadership team's toughest challenges and realize your greatest opportunities.
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Its been over 3 months since the official Launch of Windows 8 and Windows RT platform and thou we don't have any official word on No. Of devices sold,what we do know it is doing exceedingly well with the licenses selling.
Last time we checked Windows 8 had already over 60 million licenses sold in a little over 2 months of time.Now as per the NetApplications MarketShare numbers,Windows 8 has now 2.26% marketshare just behind the latest version of Mac OSX operating system (10.8) which is at 2.44% of worldwide marketshare.
Last month we saw the drop in Windows XP operating system while Windows 7 was still the number 1 operating system with continuous growth ever since its launch.But for last months trends the Windows 7 dropped to 44.48% from 45.11% but still leads the marketshare.The second spot still held by Windows XP with 39.51%(39.08% last month),while the Windows Vista continues to see a drop which is down to 5.24% marketshare which was around 5.67% last month.
Overall Windows Operating System still leads the Worldwide PC marketshare with over 91% of PCs still running Windows operating systems.
Ever since its launch Windows 7 has been gaining the marketshare,but this was for the first time that we saw a drop in the marketshare,so it might be an indication that Wndows 7 has reached its peak value and that we will soon see Windows 8 on the number one spot with array of devices slated for launch,but its still early days.


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Skanks get too much play in gossip. So in honour of US Thanksgiving, why not some love for The Actor? The overlooked, the underrated, and along with Sandra Oh, the best part of the now-ridiculously bad and sad Grey's Anatomy, Chandra Wilson, also at the Enchanted premiere.
Chandra however, unlike her co-star Sandra, does not have a raging hag reputation. She was a dream to interview and word is she's also a dream to work with.
Sandra on the other hand… suffice to say, she can be prickly. No time for niceties, vacillates between moody and taciturn and peppy and engaging, Sandra is the very opposite of Hello Kitty. Love her.
And love that she's putting her vocal bitch to good use – marching with the writers yesterday in a show of solidarity. Is that a perm???
Photos from WENN


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Intel's 28 nm Stratix® V FPGAs deliver the high bandwidth, high level of system integration, and ultimate flexibility for high-end applications.
Optimized for high-performance, high-bandwidth applications with integrated transceivers supporting backplane, chip-to-chip, and chip-to-module operation at up to 14.1 Gbps.
Optimized for high-performance, variable-precision digital signal processing (DSP) applications with integrated transceivers supporting backplane, chip-to-chip, and chip-to-module operation at up to 14.1 Gbps.
Optimized for ASIC prototyping with 952K logic elements on the highest performance logic fabric.
Stratix® V FPGAs reduce total power by 30 percent compared to previous-generation devices through key technologies:
Intel® transceivers have a proven track record of meeting system bandwidth, power, and bit-error rate (BER) requirements. The technology leadership continues with the transceivers in our 28 nm Stratix® V FPGAs.
With Stratix® V FPGAs, you can easily change the core and transceiver functionality on the fly while other portions of your design are still running.
Because Stratix® V FPGAs enable high system integration, you get increased functionality in a smaller FPGA, lowering power and cost. Here, we'll discuss a number of Stratix® V innovations that make this level of integration possible.
Fractional phase-locked loops (fPLLs) offer all the features available in previous-generation Altera® PLLs. You can find fractional PLLs in Altera's 28 nm devices, including Stratix® V, Arria® V, and Cyclone® V FPGAs.
Intel® Enpirion® Power Solutions are high-frequency DC-DC step-down power converters designed and validated for Intel® FPGA, CPLD, and SoCs. These robust, easy-to-use power modules integrate nearly all of the components needed to build a power supply – saving you board space and simplifying the design process.
The Intel Quartus® Prime Software delivers high performance, high logic utilization, and fast compile times for high-end FPGA designs.
Intel provides several development kits that feature Stratix® V FPGAs. These kits provide a complete design environment that includes all the hardware and software that you need to develop full FPGA designs and test them within a system environment.
The DSP Development Kit, Stratix® V Edition provides a complete design environment that includes all the hardware and software you need to begin developing DSP-intensive FPGA designs immediately. The DSP Development Kit, Stratix® V Edition features a 5SGSMD5N device and a one-year license for the Intel® Quartus® Prime Design Software.
Get Started on Your Board Today.
Multiple design examples and reference designs are available for Intel® Stratix® IV FPGA kits.
Multi-standard client interfaces enabled through easy-to-use partial reconfiguration and serial transceivers with continuous data range of 600 Mbps to 14.1 Gbps.
Higher system integration through highest density and hard PCS blocks for 40 GbE, 100 GbE, and Interlaken.
Highest bandwidth through 66 identical transceivers with continuous data rate from 600 Mbps to 14.1 Gbps.
Efficient floating-point multiplication with over 1.25 TFLOPS.
Reduced board space, power, and cost via fewer data channels and higher throughput per channel.
Serial digital interface (SDI) solution.
Find technical documentation, videos, and training courses for your Stratix® V FPGA designs.


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text:
- Introduction
- Android terminology
- Create an Android Virtual Device
- Create a new Android project
- Hello Android project details
- Running the app on the emulator
- Android widgets
- A sample application using widgets
- Using the
listViewwidget: A sample application
- Conclusion
- Downloadable resources
- Related topics
- Comments
Introduction to Android development Using Eclipse and Android widgets
Android is a mobile operating system, similar to Symbian, iOS, Windows® Mobile, and others. It was initially developed by Android Inc., a company later purchased by Google. It is now owned by the Open Handset Alliance and is fully open sourced, accounting for its growing popularity. Google released most of the Android code under the Apache License. With this license, vendors can add proprietary extensions without submitting them back to the open source community. Many versions of Android have hit the market since its inception (the most recent as of Q3 2010), including the power-packed Froyo (V2.2). Android has moved beyond simply being a platform for mobile devices; the new Google TV also runs on Android.
Android uses a modified Linux® kernel and allows applications to be developed in Java™ technology using Java libraries (some of which were developed by Google for Android). While Android applications are written in the Java language, there's no Java Virtual Machine in the platform, and Java byte code is not executed. Java classes are recompiled into Dalvik executables and run on a Dalvik virtual machine. Dalvik is a modified VM for Android and optimized devices running on battery power and with low CPU.
For developers, Android SDK provides a rich set of tools, including debugger, libraries, handset emulator, documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Android applications can be easily developed using Eclipse (Android's official development platform) with the help of a plug-in called Android Development Tools (ADT). This helps leverage Eclipse's rich features, such as content assist, Java search, open resources, JUnit integration, and different views and perspectives for developing an Android app. A wide array of widgets, which are similar to Java swing widgets, facilitate in creating a rich UI for the apps. A detailed Javadoc makes the development process quite easy.
Here, we start with a guide for preparing the system for Android
development. We then touch briefly upon the salient features of an Android
application using a basic Hello World Android app. We also talk about the
files that make up an Android app and how the UI is separated
from the implementation. After going through the process of creating,
developing, and launching an Android app from Eclipse, we move on to a
discussion about a few Android widgets that help in building a rich UI (a
very important part of mobile apps). We demonstrate a few basic widgets
with the help of a sample application. We also talk about using the
widget in an phonebook-like application and the ways it can be
implemented. In between, we also talk about permissions that need to be
set in order to be able to have an application access some data from the
OS. Overall, a few hours on the article should enable you to
create an app implementing a basic functionality and with a nice UI.
System requirements
Before beginning Android development, please make sure you have the following installed:
- Eclipse SDK— V3.5 is suggested for use with the latest Android SDK. This can be downloaded from the Galileo download page.
- Android SDK
- Android Development Tools (ADT)— This is an Eclipse plug-in. It is the equivalent of JDT (Java Development Tools) for Android Development. Please follow the detailed instructions for installing the ADT plug-in, and also for setting the location of Android SDK in Eclipse.
Android terminology
A typical Android application has the following components. Also given below are definitions provided by the Android Developer site:
- Activity — An activity presents a visual UI for one focused endeavor the user can undertake. For example, an activity might present a list of menu items users may choose from, or it might display photographs along with their captions. A text-messaging application might have one activity that shows a list of contacts to send messages to, a second activity to write the message to the chosen contact, and other activities to review old messages or change settings. Though they work together to form a cohesive UI, each activity is independent of the others.
- Content providers — A content provider makes a specific set of the application's data available to other applications. The data can be stored in the file system, in a SQLite database, or in any other logical manner.
- Service — A service doesn't have a visual UI, but runs in the background for an indefinite period of time. For example, a service might play background music as the user attends to other matters, or it might fetch data over the network or calculate something and provide the result to activities that need it.
- Broadcast receivers — A broadcast receiver is a component that does nothing but receive and react to broadcast announcements. Many broadcasts originate in system code — timezone-change announcements, low-battery announcements, language-preference changes, etc.
Some other terms worth knowing:
- Intent — Activities, services, and broadcast receivers are activated
by asynchronous messages called intents. An intent is an
Intentobject that holds the content of the message. For example, it might convey a request for an activity to present an image to the user or let the user edit some text.
- Intent filter — An Intent object can explicitly name a target component. If it does, Android finds that component (based on the declarations in the manifest file) and activates it. If a target is not explicitly named, however, Android must locate the best component to respond to the intent. It does so by comparing the Intent object to the intent filters of potential targets. A component's intent filters inform Android of the kinds of intents the component is able to handle.
For an understanding of these components, refer to "Develop Android Applications with Eclipse" and the Android Hello, World tutorial.
Create an Android Virtual Device
This step is required in creating an Android phone emulator/Android Virtual Device (AVD) on which applications can be run and tested. Note that it takes some time for an AVD to start up. The good news is that separate AVDs are not needed for each application to be deployed and tested. Once the AVD is launched, any number applications can be deployed while it is still running, and it can even be used to debug applications. To create an AVD:
- In Eclipse, choose Window > Android SDK and AVD Manager.
- Select Virtual Devices in the left panel.
- Click New. The Create New AVD dialog appears.
- Type the name of the AVD, such as "myPhone."
- Choose a target. The target is the platform (that is, the version of the Android SDK, such as 2.1) to be run on the emulator. You will also get an option to choose the Google APIs, but that is unnecessary unless we want to have some Google API in the app specifically. The rest of the fields can be ignored for now.
- Click Create AVD.
Once the AVD is launched, you can see how it gives the complete look and feel of a real Android-based mobile phone, complete with keyboard and multi-touch support. It can also be used in a variety of configurations to test your app, such as landscape/portrait mode, network strength, and roaming network, etc. All of these options can be configured using the AVD manager. The AVD is self-sufficient to emulate different devices available. You can create different AVDs for different configurations and test your application on each of them to make sure it is compatible across device types.
Create a new Android project
Here's how to create a new Android project in Eclipse (see Figure 1):
- From Eclipse, select File > New > Project. A folder called Android should be present in the dialog if the ADT plug-in for Eclipse has been successfully installed. Expanding that folder should provide the option for a new Android project. Select it and click Next.
- You will be prompted to fill in the following details in a form:
- Project name— This is the name of your project and can be something like "HelloWorld."
- Application name— This is the name that will appear everywhere in your Android device, along with the icons in the menu, in the shortcuts, and on the title bar when you run your application. This can be something like "Hello Android."
- Package name—
com.example.helloandroidor your own private namespace. The package name follows the same rules as those in the Java language.
- Create activity— We can call it SaySomething
for our purposes here. This is the name for the class stub that will be generated by
ADT. This will be a subclass of Android's
Activityclass. An activity is simply a class that can run and do some work. It can optionally have a UI. An application may contain one or more activities. They are typically on a 1:1 relationship with the screens found in an application. An application moves from one activity to another by calling a method known as
- Min SDK version— This specifies the minimum API level required by your application. The latest one is 7.
Figure 1. Create a new Android project
Hello Android project details
The Hello Android is a basic Android project, which simply prints Hello World on the screen. It has the following roles in this article:
- To demonstrate the process of creating a new Android project.
- To give an overview of the files in an Android project and their purpose.
- To demonstrate how to deploy an app on the AVD and test it.
To view the files and other resources part of the Android project and use the Package Explorer view inside Eclipse (Window > Show View > Package Explorer). The newly created Android project will consist of the following (see Figure 2):
- There are two folders that contain the source code:
- src contains all the classes specified by the user, including the default activity class.
- gen contains the files automatically generated by ADT. R.java inside this folder consists of static references to all the resources present in the res folder so they can be easily and dynamically referenced from the Java code. It is advised not to modify the contents of R.java manually.
Figure 2. Hello Android project contents
- A res folder contains all the resources for the project: icons, images, strings, and layouts. Having a separate resource folder keeps non-source code resources external to the code and resources can be dynamically selected based on hardware, language, orientation, and location.
It consists of:
- drawable folder(s) — Meant for all image files.
- layout folder — Meant for the layouts specifying the UI screens for the activities, in the form of XML code. Main.xml is automatically generated. This folder pertains to the default portrait layout. For representing some UI in the landscape layout (when an Android device is turned 90 degrees), create a layout-land folder and put your layout XML file there. The main.xml file has a nice UI representation, as shown in Figure 3. You can drag and drop different layouts and views onto a blank screen to build the UI components for the activity.
- values folder — Meant for all the name-value pairs (the strings your application is going to define).
- AndroidManifest.xml is also an important part of the project. It's the equivalent of a plugin.xml file for plug-ins. It basically defines the activities in the applications and specifies the actions that have been specified for each. It also lists out the permissions that the application requires to perform various actions. Once again, it has a nice UI.
Figure 3. UI for main.xml
Let's look at the actual contents of the project folder on the disc. Open the Navigator View in Eclipse (Window > Show View > Navigator). You'll get the structure for the HelloWorld project as shown in Figure 4. Apart from the compiled class files, you obtain the following three files inside a bin folder:
- classes.dex — Executable generated from compiled classes.
- HelloWorld.apk — Zipped archive file that will be shipped to the Android device. The app can be installed on any Android device via this archive file.
- resources.ap_ — Zipped application resources.
Android project's directory structure
The primary 'Activity' of the application
Let's examine
Listing 1. MainActivity.java
package com.example.helloandroid; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; public class MainActivity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } }
Things to note about this file are:
MainActivityextends a base Android class named
Activity, which is located in the
- The
onCreate()method is the default entry point to this activity and has to be implemented for each new activity. It receives an argument of type
Bundle. Options and parameters required for the creation of the activity are passed in this parameter.
- The
setContentView()is responsible for creating the primary UI using the
R.layout.mainargument. This is a constant defined in R.java and represents the main layout found in the resources of the application.
This XML file describes the UI of the application. An activity can
reference to this UI. This UI, however, does not bind itself to any
activity at all. A UI is built using layouts and widgets. The
main.xml that Eclipse builds by default consists
of a single LinearLayout, which means that all the elements are arranged
in a single column. It then defines a
textView, which is used to display a
static non-editable text. In this case, the "hello" string defined in the
strings.xml file (the '@' sign
refers to a file defined in the res folder). Each view element
further has attributes, such as
layout_width, etc.
Figure 5. Main.xml and the properties view
An easy to way to work with the
main.xml file is
through the properties view (Window > Show
View > Other > General > Properties). When a particular
view is selected in the outline view, the properties tab is populated with
all possible attributes of the view, as shown in Figure 5. Most
of these attributes have only fixed values to chose from, which can be
selected from a drop-down menu adjacent to each attribute in the properties
tab. For example, to set the
layout_height, you
can see the drop-down box and find that it has only two allowed
wrap_content and
fill_parent. (
wrap_content will
only draw the view to its original size, while
fill_parent will stretch it to cover the whole height, or
width, or both.)
Note: For the
layout_height and
layout_width, you can also specify size in the following
two units: (a) Density-independent pixels (dp) — This size
enables the layout to look the same when viewed on devices of
different screen sizes. For example:
layout_width = 10dp; (b) Scale-independent
pixels (sp) — Similar to dp, but this is the
recommended standard for mobile phones. For example:
layout_width = 10sp.) Another important thing to note
is that if you want to reference some view/widget from Java code, it
needs to have a unique ID. If you use the layout tab of
main.xml to drag and drop a widget, ADT will
automatically create an ID for the widget, which will be of the form
"@+id/someView." In the Java code, you can then reference it as
Running the app on the emulator
For deploying and running the app, you need to define a run configuration. Select Open > Run > Dialog or shortcut on the toolbar within Eclipse, and select Android application. Click New and fill in the name of the run configuration. Specify the name of your project and default activity. Then in the target tab, choose some desired emulator settings and specify an AVD you want to start. Click Run. You will get an AVD as shown in Figure 6. The screen of the device is shown on the left, alongside a QWERTY keypad on the bottom left, and common mobile buttons such as dial, hang up, mute, volume, and home on the top left.
Figure 6. The Android Virtual Device
Android widgets
Now that we know how to create and run a basic Android app, let's spruce things up with widgets (see Figure 7):
textViewconsists of widgets such as
editText, Button, etc. Buttons can be further categorized into:
- CheckBox
- RadioButton
- ToggleButton, etc.
- ImageView consists of widgets such as the ImageButton.
- ViewGroup consists of layouts such as:
- Relative Layout
- Table Layout
- Frame Layout
- Adapter View
- Linear Layout
For information about widgets, "A Visual Guide to Android GUI Widgets" is the best guide. Be
cautious, however, of inconsistencies introduced there because of rapid
changes in the Android platform. One glaring example is the use of
id as an identifier attribute for a widget in
main.xml in the above-mentioned guide. In
the latest Android platform, the fully qualified
android:id should be used.
Figure 7. Android widgets hierarchy
A sample application using widgets
We will now modify our existing application to look like Figure 8. The
purpose of this example is to make the reader familiar with the use of
some basic widgets like
editText, Button, and Toast in a real
Our application will consist of a title bar with the message "WELCOME!!!"
It will have three
textView widgets starting from the top, arranged
vertically: one saying "Hello World, how're you?" in default font; the
next saying "Welcome to my first Android app" in italicized serif text,
center-aligned, with white background; and a third saying "Type anything
and press the button" in bold monospace text, with red background. These
three are followed by an
editText widget to take the user input, followed
by a button widget (the button goes with the message "Click Me!").
Whatever is typed in the
editText widget appears in a Toast widget at the
bottom center of the screen when the button is pressed.
There isn't much implementation code involved here. The reader should pay attention to how the widgets are easily put into the app using ADT's GUI editor for the XML files and how the widget properties are conveniently set using the "properties" view provided by Eclipse. This example will also showcase how the UI and implementation parts can be independently coded.
Figure 8. Android Virtual Device with widgets
Let's add some new strings in the string.xml file, change the existing
welcome string, and finally the title string. Let's also define the
white and red colors here for the background for two
Listing 2. The string.xml file
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <string name="hello">Hello World, how\'re you?</string> <string name="app_name">Hello Android</string> <string name="title">WELCOME!!!</string> <string name="mainText">Welcome to my first android app</string> <string name="subText">Type anything and press the button</string> <color name="White">#FFFFFF</color> <color name="Red">#FF0000</color> </resources>
We changed the "hello" string to contain "Hello World, how're you?" Notice
the escape character (
'\') is required here for the apostrophe. We also
defined two new strings:
mainText and
subText, and colors white and red.
Let's use the layout tab of main.xml to drag and drop two new
textViews: an
editText widget and a button widget. Then we'll use
the properties tab in main.xml to edit attributes for each widget.
Listing 3. The main.xml file
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <TextView android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:id="@+id/mainTextView" android:gravity="center" android:text="@string/mainText" android:textStyle="italic" android:typeface="serif" android:background="@color/White"> </TextView> <TextView android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_margin="20sp" android:gravity="left" android:id="@+id/subTextView" android:padding="10sp" android:text="@string/subText" android:textStyle="bold" android:typeface="monospace" android:background="@color/Red"> </TextView> <EditText android:text="Enter text here" android:id="@+id/EditText01" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> </EditText> <Button android:text="Click me!" android:id="@+id/Button01" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> </Button> </LinearLayout>
With this, we have our UI defined. Now we have to link our activity code with it.
This is the file that actually links the UI to the implementation. Like the
HelloWorld application, we use the
Activity.onCreate(Bundle) method to decorate all the UI
elements on the screen. The overridden
onClick(View) method will contain the functionality of the
button click, wherein the user input text will be read and displayed on
the screen in a toast widget.
Listing 4. The MainActivity.java file
package com.example.helloandroid; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); String title = getString(R.string.title); setTitle(title); // done so that we can change the default title //get handles to editText and button widgets final EditText eText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.EditText01); final Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button01); button.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener(){ @Override public void onClick(View v) { //get the String entered into the editText widget CharSequence editText = eText.getText(); //display the toast Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, editText, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); } }
Using this code, we obtain the application as shown in Figure 8.
Using the
listView widget: A sample application
In this section, we'll create a sample application (see Figures 9a, 9b) to
display all contacts in the phonebook using the
listView widget. The purpose
of this example is to showcase not just the use of the
listView widget
but also to show how phone data can be fetched using ContentProvider and
ContentResolver classes. Pay attention to the UI XML
files because there are two UI layouts: one to specify how the list shown
by the
listView widget fits into the main UI and another to specify how each
element of the list looks. Another important point is the setting of
permissions for the app to be able to read phone data. This example is the
first step to understanding how intents and intent filters can be
incorporated in an app. Although intents are beyond the scope of this
article, the reader may note that to convert this example app into a
real-world phonebook app, one simply needs to implement click actions on
the list items and create a call intent and intent filter to initiate a call to the selected contact.
In this example, the contacts will be displayed in a vertical linear
fashion, and the selected contact appears at the top of the list with a
large italicized font and a blue background. We also have a checkbox at
the bottom left of the screen, which, when checked, shows only starred (or
favorited contacts). The title of the application in this case is
"Contact Manager." Here we use three types of widgets:
checkBox. We use the
textView widget
to display the currently selected contact. You can assume the
widget to be a list of
textView widgets. A
listView uses adapter design
patterns to connect the data (the contacts, in this case) and a data view
textView, in this case) to the
listView. Any clicks on the
listView can
be captured by implementing
Before proceeding, we should have some stored contacts in the contacts section of the Android emulator (AVD). This can be done by clicking Contacts on the home screen of the AVD, then Menu to get the Add Contacts option. The Favorites section says how to mark a contact as favorite/starred.
Figure 9a. The contacts
application showing all contacts in a
listView widget
Figure 9b. The
contacts application showing all starred contacts in a
listView widget when the show-starred contacts checkbox is
Now we'll define a few strings.
Listing 5. Strings defined in the strings.xml file
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <string name="hello">Hello World, Manager!</string> <string name="app_name">Contact Manager</string> <string name="selectedEntry" /> <color name="White">#FFFFFF</color> <color name="Black">#000000</color> <color name="Blue">#0000FF</color> <string name="showStarred">Show starred contacts only</string> </resources>
Let's define the main layout for our app. The
listView widget
will accommodate the list of all contacts in the phonebook. The
displays each item inside a
textView widget, which we'll define next.
Listing 6. main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" android:id="@+id/selectedContact" android:padding="10dp" android:textSize="20sp" android:textStyle="italic" android:typeface="serif" android:background="@color/Blue" android:textColor="@color/White" android:text="@string/selectedEntry"/> <ListView android:id="@+id/contactsListView" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_weight="1"> </ListView> <CheckBox android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/showStarred" android:text="@string/showStarred"/> </LinearLayout>
Note that assigning a layout_weight of 1 to the
listView makes sure that
the list covers as much screen area as it can until a new widget is
Apart from the main layout, we need to define another layout here. This is
to represent each element in the
listView. We use a simple
textView here.
Listing 7. Code for
textView widget, which constitutes each element of the
listView widget
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:padding="5dp" android:textStyle="bold" android:id="@+id/contactItem"> </TextView>
Note that Android by default provides a simple layout that can be used
instead of defining your own. This can be referenced
Listing 8. shows how the main activity is implemented. The method
populateContactList() is the one we use to query
the contacts database and display them in the
Listing 8. Implementation of the main activity
public class ManageContacts extends Activity { private ListView mContactList; private CheckBox mCheckBox; private boolean mShowStarred; private TextView selectedText; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); mContactList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.contactsListView); mCheckBox = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.showStarred); selectedText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.selectedContact); mShowStarred = false; mCheckBox.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CheckChangedListener()); mContactList.setOnItemClickListener(new ClickListener()); populateContactList(); } public void populateContactList() { Uri uri = ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI; String[] projection = new String[] { ContactsContract.Contacts._ID, ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, }; String[] selectionArgs = null; String sortOrder = ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC"; String selection = mShowStarred? ContactsContract.Contacts.STARRED + " ='1'" : null; Cursor c = getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, sortOrder); String[] fields = new String[] { ContactsContract.Data.DISPLAY_NAME }; SimpleCursorAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.contactitem, c, fields, new int[] {R.id.contactItem}); mContactList.setAdapter(adapter); } private class ClickListener implements OnItemClickListener { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View textView, int pos, long arg3) { if(textView instanceof TextView) selectedText.setText(((TextView) textView).getText()); } } private class CheckChangedListener implements OnCheckedChangeListener { @Override public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) { mShowStarred = isChecked; selectedText.setText(""); populateContactList(); } } }
Things to note:
- We have two listeners — one each for handling clicks on a list item and
one for handling clicks on the checkbox. The former simply sets the
text in the blue
textViewbox to the display name of the currently selected contact. The latter is to set the
mShowStarredfield and repopulate the list.
- To read the contacts from the phone database, we need to
query it to get a cursor. The query has the following parameters:
- uri— The URI using the content:// scheme for the content to retrieve.
- projection— A list of which columns to return. Passing null will return all columns, which is discouraged to prevent reading data from storage that isn't going to be used.
- selection— A filter declaring which rows to return, formatted as a
WHEREclause (excluding the
WHEREitself). Passing null will return all rows for the given URI.
- selectionArgs— You may include
?s, which will be replaced by the values from
selectionArgs, in the order that they appear in the selection. The values will be bound as Strings.
- sortOrder— How to order the rows, formatted as a SQL
ORDER BYclause (excluding the
ORDER BYitself). Passing null will use the default sort order, which may be unordered.
The result set cursor so obtained has to be linked to the UI via an
adapter. We use a
SimpleCursorAdapter here,
though Android also provides a
Once the adapter is obtained, we need to attach it to the
listView, and
we're done.
A final step before our app would run successfully on an Android device is setting up permissions. Without permissions to be able to read the contacts database, the Linux kernel in the device will not allow the application to do so. So let's go to the AndroidManifest.xml>Permissions tab, and set the following permissions:
These can be set by clicking on the U icon and defining the permission. Figure 10 shows how the permissions tab should look.
Figure 10. Android permissions manifest
listView widget using
This example is meant to demonstrate another way of implementing a
listView. In the above application, note that our main activity implements
the activity class. When dealing with
listView widgets, sometimes
ListActivity class comes in handier because it has public APIs to
handle clicks on list items, setting list adapters, getting the click
position, etc.
We can modify our activity to implement
ListActivity as shown in Listing 9.
Listing 9. Implementation using
public class ManageContacts extends ListActivity { @Override protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id); if(v instanceof TextView) selectedText.setText(((TextView) v).getText()); } private CheckBox mCheckBox; private boolean mShowStarred; private TextView selectedText; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); mCheckBox = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.showStarred); selectedText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.selectedContact); mShowStarred = false; mCheckBox.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CheckChangedListener()); populateContactList(); } public void populateContactList() { Uri uri = ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI; String[] projection = new String[] { ContactsContract.Contacts._ID, ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, }; String[] selectionArgs = null; String sortOrder = ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC"; String selection = mShowStarred? ContactsContract.Contacts.STARRED + " ='1'" : null; Cursor c = getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, sortOrder); String[] fields = new String[] { ContactsContract.Data.DISPLAY_NAME }; ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.contactitem, c, fields, new int[]{R.id.contactItem}); setListAdapter(adapter); } private class CheckChangedListener implements OnCheckedChangeListener { @Override public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) { mShowStarred = isChecked; selectedText.setText(""); populateContactList(); } } }
Note that here we simply implemented
onListItemClick method of
ListActivity, rather than declaring an anonymous class to
handle clicks. We also didn't need to refer to the
listView widget defined in main.xml here because
assumes that the
listView widget is defined
with an ID of
@android:id/list. This is important to note. Whenever
we use
ListActivity, we have to define the
listView widget in main.xml to have an ID
of @android:id/list; otherwise, the
will not know which
listView to refer to.
In this tutorial, we learned how to set up Eclipse for Android development and how the rich features of Eclipse assist in every step in writing Android apps. We also learned how the apps can be easily deployed and tested on the Android emulator — AVD. We covered the salient features of an Android application using a Hello World example and learned about the files that make up an Android app. We touched upon some of the widgets provided by Android and saw their use in some real-world examples. You now should be well on the way to creating a cool application with a neat UI. As a first step, extend the contacts app to implement click action on a list item to display the phone number and contact details, and a button to call the selected contact. A call intent should also be defined, along with an intent filter, which should implement the call-making functionality.
Android is a powerful platform for mobile applications, and coding in Java technology, along with Android Development Tools for Eclipse, make it easily adoptable by beginners. Its wide array of widgets, along with its ability to dynamically bind the UI elements to the implementation, provides a lot of flexibility and makes the application lightweight, in spite of the rich UI. The concepts of activities, intents, content providers, etc., make it easy to manage the UI and data elements, and control the binding between them. It also has a vast array of networking APIs to explore. In addition, Google APIs provide functionality for maps, search, and mail, among other things, which can all be easily adopted in an Android application. So dive into the wonderful world of Android and let your imagination run wild.
Downloadable resources
Related topics
- Be sure to download Eclipse for RCP/Plug-in.
- Download the Android SDK.
- Get the ADT Plug-in for Eclipse.
- The Developer's Guide is a practical introduction to developing applications for Android.
- Read "Develop Android applications with Eclipse" for an introduction to Android development with a quick introduction to the platform.
- Be sure to see the Android Hello, World tutorial.
- As someone interested in development with Eclipse, you might want to check out a trial of IBM's Rational Application Developer Standard Edition, a commercial development tool built on Eclipse technology.
- "A Visual Guide to Android GUI Widgets" offers more information.
- Check out Eclipse Day at the Googleplex: Developing for Android with Eclipse.
- Don't miss Lars Vogella's Android development tutorial.
- Check out the latest Eclipse technology downloads at IBM alphaWorks.
- Check out the "Recommended Eclipse reading list."
- Download Eclipse Platform and other projects from the Eclipse Foundation.
- Browse all the Eclipse content on developerWorks.
- Follow developerWorks on Twitter.
- New to Eclipse? Read the developerWorks article "Get started with the Eclipse Platform" to learn its origin and architecture, and how to extend Eclipse with plug-ins.
- Expand your Eclipse skills by checking out IBM developerWorks' Eclipse project resources.


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Home » Explore » The Branch Line - The Branch Line
The Branch Line runs down the western side of the Railway Centre, from Didcot Halt - near the Turntable in the centre of the site, to the Transfer Shed at the north end of the Centre.
On running days you will usually be able to ride on a train hauled by one our smaller steam locomotives, or maybe even on the GWR Steam Railmotor or Diesel Railcar.
The line was laid by the Great Western Society in the 1970s, and as well as providing train rides is also home to a large quantity of preserved Great Western buildings and infrastructure which has been moved to the Centre by the Society.
Didcot Halt represents a typical Great Western wayside stopping place. It has been created with a collection of buildings and other items moved from elsewhere, together with some 'new build' in the Great Western style.
The principal buildings are the corrugated iron 'pagoda' shelter on the platform, which was originally at Stockcross and Bagnor halt, and the wooden Ticket Office from Welford Park.
Both these locations were on the Lambourn Branch not far from Didcot.
Beyond Radstock Signalbox, adjacent to the level crossing, you can see the original Great Western water tower, which was moved here from Bodmin (General) station in Cornwall. On running days keep a look out for the locomotives filling up their tanks using the leather 'bag' hanging from beneath the water tank.
The Transfer Shed was moved from what is now the station car park to form the northern terminus of the Branch Line.
Transfer sheds date back to Brunel's broad gauge railway, when it was necessary to manually transfer goods from trains of one gauge to trains of another.
The shed has a central platform, with a standard gauge line on one side and a broad gauge one on the other, to make this transfer as easy as possible.
Although the building was originally designed for the transfer of goods, the platform now forms the northern passenger terminus of the Branch Line, and has been named 'Burlescombe' to remind us of the location from which much of the bridge rail used in our broad gauge display was recovered.
The Branch Line is also home to an extensive collection of Great Western signalling equipment. Not only are there two signalboxes, a level crossing and an impressive array of semaphore signals but also cast-iron signs, spear fencing, stone setts and the once ubiquitous telegraph wires.
Generally the signalling equipment is based around two different periods each centred on one of the two signalboxes. Radstock North Signalbox has been restored to a 1930s condition and controls equipment of a similar vintage, whilst Frome Mineral Junction Signal Cabin has been taken back to the 1870s and controls a, largely replica, system of 19th century signalling.
Radstock box houses its original double twist lever frame, relocked to work the layout at Didcot. Everything from the instruments on the Block Shelf down to the GWR First Aid Outfit have been carefully selected and restored to give a authentic GWR look to the interior, which we believe to be uniquely accurate in preservation. The presentation of the box, and indeed the approach generally taken at Didcot, is not for restoration to glistening museum standard, but rather to gleaming workaday. With the lever tops and the brasses highly polished, the combined smells of Brasso, floor polish and paraffin and the warmth generated by a cast iron stove fed with best Welsh steam coal donated by the locomotive department, who could doubt the authenticity?
Adjacent to the Box a level crossing has been recreated as it was at Radstock with the heavy wooden gates connected to a large hand wheel in the Box. The area around the crossing includes the Signal & Telegraph stores and workshop based around the corrugated iron former parcels store from Winscombe on the Cheddar Valley line. All the signals controlled by Radstock Box are of the wooden post type except for one very rare concrete post design. All the rodding, cranks and pulley systems are to GWR design, though close inspection will show that some of the equipment is marked BR (WR). The only difference between this and Great Western equipment is the marking itself - the design of the equipment remained the same many years after the GWR ceased to exist.
Frome North Box has been rebuilt to the condition it would have been in when new. Amongst other things this involved the reinstatement of the vertical boarding under the windows, replacement of the window frames with an earlier style and attaching individual cast iron letters to spell out the original name of Frome Mineral Junction. Inside, the 1870s box is spartan even by signalbox standards. The floor is of scrubbed wooden boards and the walls merely painted brickwork. The lever frame is of the stud locking type and originates from Stoneycombe Box on Dainton bank in South Devon. Behind it is a polished brass lever description board and above it the signalbox diagram.
The diagram is drawn in the older style using much more deeply coloured inks than were later used and also shows, if you look very closely, the presence of the third rail on mixed gauge sections of trackwork. The inventory of the box is completed by a clock, a couple of oil lamps and some rudimentary furniture, with a small contribution to comfort being made by the fireplace and to decoration by a somewhat faded picture of Queen Victoria. The instrumentation in the box consists solely of the block bell and a single-needle telegraph instrument.
The signalling equipment worked by Frome cabin demonstrates GWR practice towards the end of the broad gauge period in the 1870s. In the absence of much original equipment from this period the majority of the equipment is inevitably replica, and we are indebted to the Science Museum (PRISM fund) for their financial assistance with this work. The most striking feature of the system is the overhead signal operating wires. The wires emerge from the box locking room at ground level as usual, but are immediately carried onto a huge timber gantry outside the box. From there they run out in a direct line on intermediate posts to the substantial 'A' frames where they come down to ground again and operate the signals. The signals operated by the overhead wire system are themselves unusual, dating back to the middle of the nineteenth century. Firstly, there is the disc and crossbar signal - the earliest type of signal on the Great Western Railway, The other signal operated by the overhead system is a twin-arm slotted post signal of the type supplied to the Great Western by Mackenzie and Holland and dating from the 1860s.
For more information and up to date news on the Signalling Project see the Bristol Group's Website.
Stay up to date with events and what's going on at Didcot Railway Centre.
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Scalpers take note: Apple's long-awaited shiny new iPad will finally launch in mainland China as of 20 July.
The new fondleslab has been on sale in Apple stores in every other major market in the world for some time, and Cupertino will be rubbing its hands together in anticipation of what is likely to be a big seller in the People's Republic.
The announcement comes just days after the fruity toy maker wrapped up a long-running legal dispute over trademark rights to the IPAD name, offering failed monitor firm Proview $60 million.
There are even suggestions that CEO Tim Cook may have declined $75m in dividends owed to him earlier this year in order to settle the case without effectively passing on the costs to shareholders.
Two things we can expect of any Apple launch in China are lots of hype and plenty of scalpers.
In fact, the last major product launch ended in disaster for the firm when it decided not to open its flagship Beijing store to sell the new iPhone 4S and got an egg pelting from the angry waiting crowd.
The official excuse was that the crowd was too large, and the safety of customers and employees couldn't be guaranteed, but most likely it was due to concerns that scalpers in the queue were about to come in and bulk buy the stock to sell on at an inflated profit.
These black marketeers are less of a problem for Apple now that iPhone supply and demand in China has just about levelled out, although the hype surrounding the new iPad could bring them back out of the woodwork.
That's why Apple has decided to institute the reservation policy it used successfully to keep scalpers at bay in the Hong Kong Apple store.
Fanbois can request a reservation online, leaving ID details, between the hours of 9am and 12pm to give them a chance of picking up the device in-store the following day.
Around 20 per cent of Apple's sales come from China so it will be hoping the new fondleslab will be a hit in the People's Republic.
Prices start at $499 for the 16GB, WiFi-only model. ®


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Lot Details
Steel Leaf Rake, Poly Snow Shovel and Bow Rake
South Waite Park Estate
St. Cloud, MN
Fri, May 15, 2020 12:00PM
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The Final Environmental Impact Report for the Cadiz Valley Water Conservation, Recovery and Storage Project (Cadiz Project) was certified at a special meeting Tuesday night by the Santa Margarita Water District board.
The south Orange County water district is the lead agency for the environmental review of the project, which would provide a new supplemental supply of water for itself and several other water agencies in Southern California.
Cadiz Inc., which has a Los Angeles office, and the Rancho Santa Margarita-based water district propose to build a 43-mile pipeline that would divert surplus groundwater from San Bernardino County's Fenner Valley, about 40 miles northeast of Twentynine Palms and south of the Mojave National Preserve, to the Colorado River Aqueduct.
From there it could be delivered to its customers.
Tetra Technologies Inc., a mining company based in The Woodlands, Texas, has filed a lawsuit in San Bernardino County Superior Court, alleging that the county should not have ceded lead agency status to the Santa Margarita Water District and also made an error in determining that the project's memorandum of understanding was not subject to environmental review under the California Environmental Quality Act, or CEQA.
Tetra has also taken legal action against the Santa Margarita Water District, the second largest retail water agency in Orange County.
In certifying the Final Environmental Impact Report, the Santa Margarita water board also approved a water purchase and sale agreement, which outlined the operational structure and financial terms for the district's participation in the Cadiz Project.
Also approved was the Groundwater Monitoring, Management and Mitigation Plan, which creates a framework for independent monitoring of the project's operations and protection of the desert's natural resources.
This will "establish a robust monitoring program in partnership with San Bernardino County to provide independent oversight of the operations of the Cadiz Project and protection of the Cadiz Project and protection for the desert's natural resources, if the project becomes operational," the Santa Margarita Water District said in a prepared statement.
The Cadiz Project would provide a new Southern California water supply by actively managing a groundwater basin that is part of a 1,300-square-mile watershed in east San Bernardino County.
Water that would otherwise evaporate would be collected and conserved for beneficial use, the water district statement said.
In other related action Tuesday night, the board also required the creation of a community advisory group to give input to the district as it carries out the monitoring of and mitigation for the project.
The Cadiz Project will need further approvals and permits to become operational.
Contact Jim via email or by phone at 909-386-3855.


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Running provides an inexpensive and effective means of aerobic training. Following an appropriate training program will not only improve your performance but may decrease your risk of injury. Your running goals should form the basis for designing a training program that is best for you.
Running is and has been a basic component of fitness for the military and the general public for many years. Running is an effective form of aerobic exercise that, if done properly, is a safe and inexpensive means of training. However, each individual is different, so to prevent injuries it's important to create a tailored training program with a clear goal in mind.
Myths and/or Claims
A pervasive belief is that runners don't need strength training. In fact, strength training improves injury resistance, running strength, muscle elasticity, and time to muscle fatigue. Since fatigue increases the risk of injury, strength training is an important component of a total fitness plan.
Another myth is that you should stretch before running to avoid injury or improve performance.
Finally, many individuals believe that running form is something that cannot be changed and is not important.
Running is an effective means to improve cardiovascular fitness and reduce your risk of disease and injury. Take the appropriate steps when starting a running program to reduce the likelihood of running-related injury, increase efficiency, and maximize enjoyment. Following basic guidelines such as those presented here can minimize the possibility of injury and improve your performance. Include running as part of a total fitness program that includes strength and flexibility training. Since fatigued individuals have an increased risk of injury, strength training is an important component of a total fitness plan. It improves injury resistance, running strength, muscle elasticity, and time to muscle fatigue. Flexibility exercises should be done after running, when your muscles are warm and stretch more easily; this will help improve your range of motion. Static stretching before you run can actually reduce your performance with no benefit to injury prevention. Finally, regarding running form, you can in fact change your running technique, and proper changes may result in more efficient running, which delays fatigue.
Choosing the appropriate gear and training program—and knowing how to avoid common injuries associated with running—will enhance your success. Follow these simple tips to optimize your running experience:
- Start off on the right foot. Find a shoe that fits your foot well, offers protection from injury, and is comfortable. Replace your shoes when they become worn.
- Dress appropriately. Running can be an all-year activity. Depending on where you live, weather can become a factor. Running in cold weather requires wearing layers that can be added to protect from cold injury or removed as necessary. Take care running in icy conditions, and consider wearing shoes with rubber cleats. Dress in minimal or lightweight clothing if the weather is hot.
- Remember to hydrate and eat well. Fluid intake and proper nutrition are important elements to improve your training results and prevent heat-related injuries. The Warfighter Nutrition Guide is an excellent source for more information on nutrition and fluid intake.
- Increase distance gradually. A good rule of thumb is to increase your mileage no more than 10% each week, but only if you aren't experiencing any pain from running. It's best to run three to four times a week alternating with one or two days for rest.
- Mix it up. Running the same route can get boring. Try running in different areas or try running a trail every once in a while. Not only can the change in scenery improve morale, but the change in surface provides a new challenge for your muscles to improve. Take care, however, to maintain situational awareness regarding road and stranger safety.
- Cross-train. Include different types of physical activities in your training program to maintain motivation and enhance enjoyment while minimizing risk of repetitive injury that can result from training with only one method.
- Participate in a total fitness program. Supplement your running program with activities such as strength and flexibility training that will improve strength and flexibility and complement cardiovascular fitness.
For more details and information on how to design your program, check out your branch's fitness programs and guidelines to help optimize your performance and reduce your risk for injury.
There are many common injuries related to running. The most common include pain in the knees, Achilles tendons, feet, hips, heels, and groin areas. You can decrease your risk of experiencing a running-induced injury by maintaining good running form and proper training routines, wearing appropriate footwear and clothing, and varying your routine. The best way to prevent these injuries is to avoid overtraining. High-mileage running, or running more mileage than your fitness level supports, is a strong contributing factor to your risk for injury, particularly in the lower extremities. Strategies to prevent injury include:
- Reduce your running mileage. High-mileage running is associated with an increased risk of injury. Listen to your body and reduce your mileage if you feel pain. Running through pain will only increase your risk of more serious injury. The body will always win, so listen to it, and never ignore pain during activity.
- Reduce running duration and frequency by cross training. Repetitive stress from impact forces on the lower body contribute to injury. Consider other forms of cardiovascular conditioning that are lower impact such as cycling, swimming, and hiking.
- Exercise at the appropriate intensity for your fitness level. Overreaching your level of fitness will increase your risk of injury. Always listen to your body.
- Reduce running mileage when engaged in strenuous military operations to reduce the stress on your body.
- Gradually increase your training program. Too much too soon will increase your risk of injury.
- Use interval training. This method increases your fitness level quickly, while reducing your total mileage.
- Allow adequate time for recovery. After training, your body needs rest to recover and adapt to the stress of training to become stronger.
Read Recommendations for Prevention of Physical Training (PT)-Related Injuries, a report by the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, to learn more about strategies to prevent training injuries.
Physical fitness, especially cardiovascular stamina, is a major factor that optimizes Warfighter performance. Running greatly increases aerobic stamina, which in turn increases the chance of survival and decreases the risk of physical injury for military personnel. Running can be done in virtually any environment and location and is an excellent way to achieve cardiovascular fitness.


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BJM LWA37-460T Submersible Light-Weight Agitator Dewatering Pump (LWA37-460T)* Overnight Shipping Available!
Hard Metal Submersible dewatering pumps. Designed and constructed for dewatering sand, silt, coal fines and abrasive light slurries. Chrome Iron impeller and wear plate. Hardened ductile iron agitator and volute. Built-in agitator mixes settled solids with pump water to restore sump or basin volume. Light Weight.
Key Features:
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Posts Tagged 'Hot Sauce Daily'
Hot Sauce Daily – Review of Benito's White Hot, Joe's # 1 Jalapa, and Benito's Original Naranja
Hot Sauce Review – Benito's Naranja – Jalapa – White Hot Jun 24th, 2008 by Brian. 844 views Benito's Organic Hot Sauces are made with all natural and organic ingredients. Benito's Hot Sauce sent us 3 samples of their 5 organic products for review. Joe's #1 Jalapa – A vibrant organic experience made from fresh…Read More


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Gallery > Album
Monks Cross H&M Young Style Competition
We have got together with Monks Cross Shopping and H&M to find the most stylish young fashionista's at events across north Yorkshire! The most stylish young person we find across the summer will win an Ipad 2!
Showing images 141 to 148 of 148.


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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Maybe we should be tracking the AXN version ?
There's a rumour going around on another site (site not in English, so no point in linking it) that an older team was walking in the Old City of Dubrovnik, Croatia (no cars allowed).
I was at the airport this morning to bid farewall to a family member .. but you probably dont care about that.Anyway .. I was at starbucks, talking to family; then I see a bunch of people running out of the departure gates with large bags and tons of Camera Equipment. I realized it was a reality tv show, and couldnt think of anything except the Amazing Race.I took some pictures with my camera-phone (which are quite bad). Then my cousin and I decided to go see what the whole thing was about. I asked them if it was the Amazing Race, they said it was a travel show .. fair enough.Then I figured, they are probably on a task .. lets help em cheat. They needed directions to Kuwait Towers, told them to go down the aiport road, hang a right on 1st ring and follow the towers. Then they asked if I had any money.. I figured they are semi-celebrities, so I gave them a kd. Then the camera crew asked for my persmission to record .. couldnt read the contract, way too blurry. I think I might have given someone my first-born.I then followed them to the Kuwait towers, took a couple more pictures.The shots arent that good .. but you get the picture (no pun intended).Pictures are in the gallery (link is up there ^), if your too lazy click here.
wally does any of the crew look familure to you?
As well as an Asian team !?
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Our journey through life can be a bumpy one. We have run-ins with the unexpected. Sometimes these leave us with cuts or bruises. Once you have assessed your injuries and are sure they do not require a hospital visit, these tips can help you incorporate a holistic approach to treating minor injuries.
Minor Cuts
- Stop the bleeding: Minor cuts tend to heal on their own. If not, keep pressure on the wound for 30 minutes. If the wound spurts or continues to bleed after continuous pressure, seek medical attention.
- Clean the wound: Observe the cut for debris and clean with clear water or hydrogen peroxide. Use soap to clean the area around the wound. Topical aloe vera gel can also sooth and improve healing. If you are concerned about infection, use thin layer of antibiotic ointment.
- Bandage: Keeping the wound covered can avoid bacteria and debris. Change the bandage daily or when it gets wet or dirty.
- Watch for infection: Contact your doctor if the wound is not healing and produces swelling, redness, warmth, pain or drainage.
Minor Bruises
Follow the R.I.C.E. technique:
- Rest: While you recover, refrain from overusing the affected area.
- Ice: 15- to 20-minute applications four to eight times a day can help control swelling. Using ice longer than the allotted time may cause tissue damage.
- Compression: Depending on the injury, elastic bandages may help reduce swelling.
- Elevation: Raising the wounded area may help limit swelling.
Natural anti-inflammatories have been shown to be effective for reducing swelling and pain.
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa) possesses anti-inflammatory properties which can reduce pain and swelling.
- Bromelain, an enzyme derived from pineapples that helps digest proteins, is very useful in reducing inflammatory protein.
You can further support your body's natural ability to heal through diet and supplementation.
Foods containing the nutrients listed below are important for healthy skin development and repair and provide antioxidants to help protect from oxidative stress in the body.
- Vitamin A: Found in cod, milk, fish oil, carrots and sweet potatoes.
- Vitamin C: Found in oranges, papaya, spinach and green peppers.
- Vitamin E: Found in olives, corn, vegetable oils and asparagus.
- Zinc: Found in red meat, pumpkin, shellfish and cheese.
— By Calvin Kwan, ND, resident at Bastyr Center for Natural Health


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25 DIY Cocktail Projects for Stocking Up Your Home Bar
All the recipes you need for cocktails, juice blends, milkshakes and more.
If you're a tinkerer or a do-it-yourself-er, the cocktails you make at home just might be better—and more perfectly customized to your taste—than any you can get at a fancy bar. Whether it's infusing your own vodka or crafting the ideal elderflower cordial, you can tap into your creativity to make better cocktail components, made with all-natural ingredients, for cheaper than you'd buy at a liquor store.
Here are 25 great projects for stocking up your home bar, with recipes and tips for how to use the finished product from our DIY vs Buy columnist Marcia Simmons.
Pick a Project Now!
Allspice Dram »
Orange Bitters »
Fresh sour mix »
Ginger liqueur »
Homemade Grenadine »
DIY Pimm's »
Elderflower cordial »
Triple Sec »
Pear liqueur »
DIY Falernum »
Coconut rum »
Chocolate liqueur »
Rhubarb bitters »
Coffee liqueur »
Homemade amaro »
Limoncello »
Homemade Tonic Water »
Celery bitters »
Infused spirits »
Creme de menthe »
Irish cream »
Amaretto »
Spiced rum »
Raspberry liqueur »
Orgeat »
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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Wiki - AirportToVienna
Vienna Airport to Vienna city centre
Vienna Airport (VIE) is situated 11 miles (18km) south of the city centre, and is supported by a multitude of international airlines. However, getting to the airport you probably already know about. How do you get to your hotel and the venue?
City Airport Train
The best option for transport into the city centre, for most travellers, is likely to be the City Airport Train. The CAT takes only 16 minutes and operates daily from 05:38 to 23:35.
Follow the green CAT signs out of the airport. The exit we took had an unusual building to the left of the exit. You can buy tickets at a machine (cash or credit card), and I suggest you get a return for €16 as opposed to the €9 one way ticket.
While the CAT is the faster option, it's not the cheapest. The traditional S-Bahn route (S7 or S2) also takes you from the airport to Wien Mitte (plus Wien Nord and Wien Handelskai among others), but takes 10 minutes longer. Both the CAT and S-Bahn both leave from the same underground station, just on different platforms and you'll need to get different tickets.
You will need to buy a 2-zone ticket (or two 1-zone tickets) to total €3.40 each way to and from the airport. Once you have your 2-zone ticket, you can travel from the airport to any Viennese destination (free transfer for one hour; you don't need to buy further tickets for Viennese bus, subway or tram lines), which should be plenty of time to get to your hotel. After that I would recommend you get a Wien Karte.
Wiener Linen
The CAT arrives at Wien Mitte, where you can take an underground railway link to your accommodation and the venue. I recommend getting a "The Vienna Card", which is a 3-day card (€ 18,50) or the 8-day travel card (€ 27,20) depending how much time you plan wandering around the city. A single trip ticket (€ 1.70) might be more suitable if you intend to walk more or your hotel is near the venue.
(suggest organisers add suitable references to the underground links that people would need to take for each hotel to/from the venue and/or Wien Mitte/Landstrasse)
Incidentally, for those who like cake, you will be delighted to know that at the end of the concourse, out of Spittelau station (the one next to the venue), there is a bakery with all sorts of pastries and cakes to feed the early morning sugar rush :)
Last modified: 14/06/10 14:19 by Tobias Steiner
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Tom Francis
Gunpoint creator's newest game is space stealth sim Heat Signature
Heat Signature is a game about sneaking onto spaceships from Tom Francis, the creator of Gunpoint. Take a look at in action in the video through the break.
Tom Francis headlines
Gunpoint creator discusses leap from game journalist to developer
Gunpoint creator and former PC Gamer journalist Tom Francis has shed light on his jump from game critic to developer in a new interview, and what it's like to see both sides of the industry from each side of the fence.
Gunpoint recovered development costs in 64 seconds
Gunpoint developer Tom Francis has quit his job because he suddenly has an enormous pile of money and plenty of ideas of what to do with it.
Gunpoint due next week, pre-orders now open
Tom Francis's IGF award-nominated Gunpoint is now available for pre-order ahead of its freshly-announced June 3 release date.
IGF-nominated Gunpoint heading to Steam
Gunpoint, the Independent Games Festival nominated 2D stealth game with puzzles, will be heading to Steam soon. You can see how the game plays in the video below, which is hosted by the game's lead designer, Tom Francis. Enjoy. Thanks, Polygon.
Watch 8 minutes of Gunpoint, prepare to raise eyebrows
Journo-turned-dev Tom Francis has released a new video for Gunpoint, his PC spy-puzzler. It's eight minutes long and explains how to use a "crosslink" to rewire buildings, obfuscate guards and exit high windows. It looks brilliant, to be blunt. There's no release date: it's just been pushed past its expected Christmas launch. Watch it below.
GMA 2008 - Edge and Eurogamer take top honours for UK
The 2008 Games Media Awards in London last night saw Edge take the gong for best UK mag and Eurogamer win for best British site last night, with Eurogamer's Ellie Gibson and PC Gamer's Tom Francis winning best online and print writers respectively.Full list of winners below. We live-blogged it as well, as you can […]
Tom Francis latest
Gunpoint creator's newest game is space stealth sim Heat Signature
Gunpoint creator discusses leap from game journalist to developer


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U.S. Navy Blue Angels pilots Lt. C.J. Simonsen, back, and Lt. David Tickle, middle, fly in formation with Team Oracle stunt pilot Sean D. Tucker, front, on Aug. 2, 2012, near downtown Seattle. Tucker and the Blue Angels are in town for the annual Seafair summer festival featuring an air show and other events.
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text: The Washington Demon boys and girls head to Fairfield tonight to face the Trojans where they will also be having their Coaches vs. Cancer night. The Trojans will has special uniforms and all of the fans going to the game are encouraged to wear pink. Both Demon teams are looking to shake off losses as the boys lost to Iowa City Regina on Saturday and the girls lost to Muscatine on Tuesday. It is also the first time this season the girls will play a game unranked in the state. They were thirteenth at the start of the week, but have dropped out in the latest rankings. The Demons girls are 12-2 and the Demon boys are 9-2. As far as the conference picture, the Demons are 3-1 and Fairfield is 0-4. On the girls side the Demons are 4-0 and the Trojans are 0-4. You'll be able to hear both of tonight's games right here on the one to count on KCII we'll be on the air around six o'clock with the girls game.


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Intel® hardware-enabled security boosts protection and enables the ecosystem to better defend against evolving and modern threats.1
Cyber-attacks are moving down the computing stack, traversing from software to hardware, threatening devices in homes, cars, businesses, networks, and cloud. The legacy model of software protecting software can't keep up with advancing threats against digital security, safety, and privacy. Intel builds hardware-enabled security capabilities directly into our silicon to help protect every layer of the compute stack (hardware, firmware, operating systems, applications, networks, and the cloud).
Read the RSA blog for the latest silicon security innovations ›
Intel® Threat Detection Technology (Intel® TDT) is a suite of hardware-enhanced technologies that can be incorporated into independent software vendors security solutions to augment existing capabilities and improve the detection of evolving cyber threats and exploits. Intel TDT is built into the underlying silicon and uses a combination of CPU data, machine-learning algorithms, and Intel-integrated graphics for security workloads.
The following capabilities are now available:
Read the Intel® Threat Detection Technology (Intel® TDT) product brief ›
View the Intel® Threat Detection Technology (Intel® TDT) demo video ›
Intel® Security Essentials provides a built-in foundation of core security capabilities that accelerate the ecosystem's adoption of high assurance hardware-enabled security for trusted computing. These capabilities are available across Intel® processors, and they enable security professionals to protect platforms and data, while building trusted applications in a consistent way.
Intel offers several ground breaking technology solutions that automate, accelerate, and scale security beyond software or human based approaches. Intel® Threat Detection Technology (Intel® TDT) is a suite of hardware assisted technologies that can be incorporated into ISV security solutions to augment their existing capabilities to improve the detection of advanced cyber threats and exploits. Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX)2 provides unique capabilities that help improve the privacy, scalability, and trust in blockchain solutions.
Learn more about Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) solutions for blockchain ›
You've read the headlines. It's time to modernize your endpoint security strategy and software alone is not enough. Strengthen identity and access management with security built into 9th Gen Intel® Core™ vPro® processor-based devices.
Taking the hassle out of securing your digital life. For your identity, data, passwords, and financial transactions, get protection beyond software, rooted in silicon.
Trusted infrastructure is the foundation of data center security solutions, protecting data and users from the silicon root, up the entire stack, into the cloud.
Learn more about Trusted Infrastructure
Providing a portfolio of hardware assisted security solutions that harden edge devices, enable communications, and deliver command and control from security management platforms.
Learn more about Intel® Secure Device Onboard (Intel® SDO)
Intel® technologies' features and benefits depend on system configuration and may require enabled hardware, software or service activation. Performance varies depending on system configuration. No product or component can be absolutely secure. Check with your system manufacturer or retailer or learn more at https://www.intel.com.
© 2017 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.