text:
With radioactivity making news headlines, we look at what it is and what the risks are.
Radioactive decay occurs in unstable atomic nuclei – that is, ones that don't have enough binding energy to hold the nucleus together due to an excess of either protons or neutrons.
It comes in three main types – named alpha, beta and gamma for the first three letters of the Greek alphabet.
Alpha decay
An alpha particle is identical to a helium nucleus, being made up of two protons and two neutrons bound together.
It initially escapes from the nucleus of its parent atom, invariably one of the heaviest elements, by quantum mechanical processes and is repelled further from it by electromagnetism, as both the alpha particle and the nucleus are positively charged.
The process changes the original atom from which the alpha particle is emitted into a different element.
Its mass number decreases by four and its atomic number by two. For example, uranium-238 will decay to thorium-234.
Sometimes one of these daughter nuclides will also be radioactive, usually decaying further by one of the other processes described below.
Beta decay
Beta decay itself comes in two kinds: β+ and β-.
β- emission occurs by the transformation of one of the nucleus's neutrons into a proton, an electron and an antineutrino. Byproducts of fission from nuclear reactors often undergo β- decay as they are likely to have an excess of neutrons.
β+ decays is a similar process, but involves a proton changing into a neutron, a positron and a neutrino.
Gamma decay
After a nucleus undergoes alpha or beta decay, it is often left in an excited state with excess energy.
Just as an electron can move to a lower energy state by emitting a photon somewhere in the ultraviolet to infrared range, an atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting a gamma ray.
Gamma radiation is the most penetrating of the three, and will travel through several centimetres of lead.
Beta particles will be absorbed by a few millimetres of aluminium, while alpha particles will be stopped in their tracks be a few centimetres of air, or a sheet of paper – although this type of radiation does the most damage to materials it hits.
Half-lives and probability
Radioactive decay is determined by quantum mechanics – which is inherently probabilistic.
So it's impossible to work out when any particular atom will decay, but we can make predictions based on the statistical behaviour of large numbers of atoms.
The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time after which, on average, half of the original material will have decayed. After two half-lives, half of that will have decayed again and a quarter of the original material will remain, and so on.
Uranium and plutonium are only weakly radioactive but have very long half-lives – in the case of uranium-238, around four billion years, roughly the same as the current age of the Earth, or the estimated remaining lifetime of the Sun. So half of the uranium-238 around now will still be here when the Sun dies.
Iodine-131 has a half-life of eight days, so, once fission has stopped, less than 1% of iodine-131 produced in a nuclear reactor will remain after about eight weeks. Other radioisotopes of iodine are even shorter-lived.
Caesium-137, however, sticks around for longer. It has a half-life of around 30 years, and, because of this and because it decays via the more hazardous beta process, is thought to be the greatest health risk if leaked into the environment.
Although some radioactive materials are produced artificially, many occur naturally and result in there being a certain amount of radiation in our environment all the time – the "background radiation".
In the background
There is a natural level of radiation all around us, which comes from several sources.
Some gamma radiation comes from space as cosmic rays. Other radiation comes from sources in the atmosphere, such as radon gas and some of its decay products.
There are also natural radioactive materials in the ground – and as well as the obvious elements such as uranium there are also radioactive isotopes of common substances such as potassium and carbon.
To understand how much background radiation is around, it helps to distinguish between effects on normal matter and on the human body.
The amount of radiation absorbed by non-biological matter is measured in grays, a unit equivalent to a joule of energy per kilogram of mass. For biological tissue, a dose equivalent is measured in sieverts (Sv) depending on the type of radiation involved and how much damage that radiation does to the particular cells affected.
The dose equivalent in sieverts is the dose in grays multiplied by some "quality factor" for the type of tissue irradiated and for the type of radiation – for electrons or gamma-rays, 1; for alpha particles such as those given off by the radioactive decay of uranium, 20.
The average amount of radiation received from background sources in the UK is around 2–2.5 mSv per year. Because of the preponderance of granite, which contains higher than average levels of uranium, in areas such as Cornwall or Aberdeenshire it can be twice this level – not high enough to cause any concern, but high enough that nuclear facilities can't be built there as the background level already exceeds the maximum allowed radiation limit. In some parts of the world, such as northern Iran, the background radiation is as high as 50 mSv per year.
There are a variety of other natural and routine artificial causes of low doses of radiation.
A dental x-ray will give you a dose of under 1 mSv; a full-body CT scan, 10 mSv.
As fewer cosmic rays are stopped by the atmosphere the higher you go, the crew of a passenger jet flying between the US and Japan once a week for a year would receive an additional a dose of around 9 mSv.
Under normal conditions, the dose limit for workers in the nuclear industry is 50 mSv per year.
The effects on human health
There are two main health effects caused by radiation, which act over the short- and long-term and also at shorter and greater distances.
Radiation causes health problems by killing cells in the body, and the amount and type of damage done depends on the dose of radiation received and the time over which the dose is spread out.
The dose limits for emergency workers in the event of a nuclear accident are 100 mSv if protecting property or 250 mSv in a life-saving operation.
Between that upper limit and 1 Sv received within a single day, exposure is likely to cause some symptoms of radiation poisoning, such as nausea and damage to organs including bone marrow and the lymph nodes. Up to 3 Sv these same effects are more serious with a likelihood of acquiring infections due to a reduced number of white blood cells in the body – with treatment, survival is probable but not guaranteed.
Larger doses will, in addition to those symptoms above, cause haemorrhaging, sterility and skin to peel off; an untreated dose of more than 3.5 Sv will be fatal, and death is expected even with treatment for doses of more than 6 Sv.
The radiation level decreases with the square of the distance from its source, so someone twice as far away from an external source will receive a quarter of the radiation.
Receiving a high dose in a shorter time usually causes more acute damage, as greater doses kill more cells, while the body can have had time to repair some damage with more time having elapsed between doses.
However radioactive material that is spread to a wider area can cause longer-term health effects via prolonged exposure, particularly if they enter the food chain or are inhaled or ingested directly.
Taking radioactive materials into the body also presents the greatest danger from atoms that undergo alpha-decay, as alpha particles are not very penetrative and are easily absorbed by a few centimetres of air. It was alpha-emitting polonium-210 that was used to murder Alexander Litvinenko in 2006.
Radioactive isotopes of iodine, which undergo beta-decay, can build up in the thyroid gland and can cause thyroid cancer. Attempts to prevent this involve distributing pills that include nonradioactive iodine-127 and which flood the thyroid, preventing uptake of radioactive iodine.
For one-off doses, such as those from medical scans, the risk of later developing cancer is estimated at around 1 in 20 000 per mSv received.
Absorbing an accumulated dose of 1 Sv over a longer period of time is estimated to eventually cause cancer in 5% of people.
However there is disagreement over whether very small doses comparable to the level of background radiation actually contribute to health effects.


text:
Norse Projects Bjarki Neps Sock in Charcoal
The Bjarki Neps Sock from Norse Projects is constructed in a wide rib in a medium gauge, knitted with a wool and silk blended neps yarn that has subtle flecks of colour for added richness.
- 55% Wool, 25% Nylon, 20% Silk
- Knitted in Portugal
Delivery PolicyWe will make every effort to ensure your purchase gets to you quickly and safely. All orders will be shipped within 48hrs of payment from Monday to Friday.
How long will my order take to arrive?Delivery times depend on the type of delivery selected. Store deliveries take 2 to 3 working days. Courier deliveries within the UK take 2 to 3 working days. Deliveries to EU countries take 5 to 7 working days. Deliveries to Non-EU countries take up to 10 working days. How much do I pay for delivery service?
Collect in store – FREE, DHL delivery (UK) – £5.00 (FREE for orders over £50) Courier delivery (EU) – £12.95, Courier delivery (Non-EU) – £24.95.
Returns Policy
With Maze's returns promise, you have 14 days (7 days for special offers or sale items) from receiving your order, to let us know you're returning your item(s)
1. Let us know at firstname.lastname@example.com that you wish to return an item(s).
2. Enclose the form with the returned item(s) and send them back to us - we recommend sending your item recorded delivery just in case anything goes missing.For more information please refer to our Returns page.
Extended Christmas Return
Orders placed between 1st December 2019 to 20th December 2019 will be eligible for a refund up to 14th January 2020. * Please note that we ask for your order to be returned to head office by 14th January.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Christ–The Controversy
To see the preview of Mel Gibson's new film "The Passion of the Christ," it wasn't enough to be a film critic; the studio, Icon, had suspended screenings for ordinary journalists by the time I asked for a ticket. Instead, I had to take a back door—using my Catholic connections to score a seat at one of the film's many church-based screenings, designed to build word of mouth among pastors and their congregations. I traveled from New York City to Darien, Connecticut, to a shiny new non-denominational Christian fellowship. My name wasn't on the list, so I had to speak with an executive from Icon. A gracious and beautiful woman, she was beside herself trying to keep the event free of hostile press. She asked me a few questions, none of which seemed to come to the point, then finally posed the crucial one: "Are you a believer?"
I said, "Absolutely." She looked relieved but went on to explain: "It's just that ever since Mr. Abraham Foxman snuck in to one of our screenings, we've had to be very careful …" she said, then paused in thought. "You know, now that he has seen it, I think it will start to work on his heart. Let's pray that he has a spiritual awakening because of the film. That's why it was made."
"The Passion of the Christ" has been the target of an extraordinary campaign of attempted prior censorship on the part of Abraham Foxman, national director of the Anti-Defamation League. But for all the furious denunciations the film has garnered from professional anti-anti-Semites, Jewish people who see "The Passion" are certain to exhibit more fair-mindedness than their self-appointed spokesmen. Those who bestir themselves to view such an aggressively Christian movie will probably not be too surprised to see that it presents the death of Christ from, well … a Christian perspective. Likewise, it's impressive how many Jews in America and Israel expend themselves in pursuing a genuine, fair peace settlement with Palestinians—even as suicide bombers target Jewish civilians.
But the leaders of some Jewish groups will certainly complain—as some Catholic organizations screamed outrage at such movies as "Priest" and "The Boys of St. Vincent's," which depicted problems of homosexuality and pedophilia among the clergy. (Then events caught up with them, and real news reports of Church scandals made the films seem pale by comparison.) In doing so, Foxman and his associates will be making a great strategic mistake—sparking and fanning anti-Semitic resentment where it needn't exist.
There is nothing in "The Passion" regarding the Jewish leaders of the time and their treatment of Christ that does not come from the New Testament itself —which Christians regard as divinely inspired. (In fact, the key events are confirmed by the Jewish Talmud.) Gibson invents nothing, embellishes nothing, does nothing to suggest that all Jews rejected Christ or sought His death. Because "The Passion" limits its scope to Jesus' last 18 hours of life, it doesn't take on the profound mystery—which puzzled St. Paul (Rom. 11)—of why a majority of Jews ultimately did not accept their Messiah, leaving only a saving remnant to lead the early Church. I look forward eagerly to David Klinghoffer's upcoming, Why the Jews Rejected Christ. Himself a convert to Orthodox Judaism, Klinghoffer is unfailingly fair to Christians, and his account promises to throw light on the most enduring conundrum of salvation history. The best reflections I have read on the question occur in Salvation is from the Jews, by the brilliant Jewish Catholic Roy Schoeman. He speculates that the gentiles would never have accepted Christ had He become the standard of a unified, resurgent Jewish nation. On this reading, there is something sacrificial, even redemptive, in the sufferings and wanderings of the Jewish people ever since. Perhaps Jesus was not the only Jew whose passion plays a part in the salvation of the gentiles.
More than any other film I've seen of Jesus' life, "The Passion" goes out of its way to establish the Jewishness of Christ, His mother, and His apostles—from costumes to casting. Mary, for instance, is portrayed by Maia Morgenstern, a veteran of Bucharest's State Jewish Theater, whose parents survived the Holocaust. The use of Aramaic dialogue and of Middle Eastern music places these events squarely in their historical context and shows the trial and execution of Jesus for what they were: an intra-Jewish conflict over whether the rabbi Joshua ben Joseph was in fact the Messiah or a blasphemer who justly deserved the death penalty. (The debate in the Sanhedrin, during which several rabbis stand up in Jesus' defense, turns into a squabble that evokes the raucous floor of Israel's Knesset.)
Make no mistake: as the Gospels make clear, Jesus did indeed say things that contravened the law of Moses—divinely imposed, the highest, purest religion existing on earth. In the high priest's presence, Jesus asserted His own divinity. Faced with this, the high priest had only two choices: bow down and worship Jesus or put Him to death.
There is no room in the Gospels for the liberal 19th-century myth of Jesus as a great moral teacher, unjustly persecuted. As C.S. Lewis has written, Jesus was either the Son of God or a wicked, perhaps deranged, imposter. Religious Jews who reject His divinity but affirm Him as a noble ethicist are being extremely generous.
That said, there is a narrative problem in "The Passion's" depiction of Caiaphas (Mattia Sbragia). This is important not because Gibson betrays any anti-Semitism in portraying him, but because Caiaphas is the most overtly active character in the film.
Jesus (James Caviezel) has chosen passivity—being "led like a lamb to the slaughter." Indeed, the sickening violence Jesus undergoes reduces Him to a bloody, unrecognizable pulp early on in the film, making it hard to identify with Him thereafter. That's the principle flaw in the film—which is far too gruesome for many viewers, akin in that way to "Saving Private Ryan" or "Reservoir Dogs."
Pontius Pilate, an indecisive bureaucrat, is buffeted by events and the whims of the crowd. Mary, John, and the Magdalene are anguished onlookers. Satan appears in the form of an androgynous, vaguely erotic Goth chick but mainly skulks and whispers.
Only Caiaphas takes decisive, ongoing action, making him in effect the Passion's anti-hero. But Gibson does little to establish his motivation for rejecting Christ or persecuting Him. We do not see flashbacks of Jesus overturning the tables in the Temple, calling the Pharisees "whited sepulchers," or otherwise making direct claims to displace Caiaphas's priesthood with His own. We have to infer all that from our memory of the Scriptures—which renders this film's Caiaphas something of a cipher. His cruelty and relentlessness seem insufficiently motivated. It is easy to see how a paranoid viewer, eager for hints of anti-Semitism, could read them into the empty spaces in the narrative. But Gibson didn't put them there. In fact, to the fair-minded viewer, Foxman's attack upon the film will seem like a thinly veiled assault on the Gospels themselves. And this is supposed to be good for the Jews?Gibson even proved amenable to editing out one "hard saying" from the Gospel narrative. After screenings with Christians garnered negative reactions to the scene, Gibson cut the statement by Caiaphas calling down Jesus' blood on himself and his people. Thank God. This phrase, taken out of context, was abused in past centuries to justify persecution of Jews. It's impossible to think of a more perverse, destructive interpretation of Jesus' death than one that targets His own people. Christianity teaches that the sins of all men, of each individual man, and of the first man, were the cause of Jesus' death. Insofar as particular Jewish people (several hundred at most) on Good Friday followed their leader in denouncing Christ to Pilate, they were merely serving as stand-ins for the whole human race. To blame contemporary Jews for their actions makes as little sense as sending Ralph Fiennes to stand trial in The Hague for his character's crimes in Schindler's List.
But Gibson did not go far enough for his enemies. They seem in fact implacable—though that does not stop self-hating Christians from trying. Some biblical scholars suggest the Gospel of John be edited or excised from the scriptural canon because it is "inherently anti-Semitic." In 2003, some theologians associated with the U.S. Catholic Bishops colluded with several Jewish leaders to produce a document that effectively declared that Christianity was meant only for gentiles, not for Jews, so the Church should stop evangelizing them. When prominent Jewish Catholics, among others, pointed out such statements by Jesus as "Go nowhere among the Gentiles … but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." (Matt. 10:5) and "I was sent only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel" (Matt. 15:24), the document was quietly dropped. Appropriately, the architect of that document was Eugene Fisher, the same man who helped the ADL orchestrate an attack on "The Passion" —based on the preliminary, stolen script. The bishops had to back away from that one, too, under threat of legal action.
The eagerness of liberal Catholics to assist in slandering the great Pope Pius XII—whose early anti-Nazi diplomacy has recently been documented, along with the hundreds of Jews he personally ransomed—is even more detestable. Ironically, there are certain parallels between Pius XII and "The Passion's" Caiaphas. In each case we find a world religious leader existing under military occupation at the sufferance of enemies who persecute innocent Jews. Let Pius be judged by the same standards critics would have us use in judging Caiaphas. Which leader comes off better?
It is clear that the same spirit motivates the campaign against Gibson's film, the attacks on Pius XII, and similar assaults against Christianity in public life. It's more than just a rejection of Jesus' claim to be the Messiah—a shocking assertion that requires the divine gift of faith to accept. It is an attack on Christian culture root and branch, an assertion that the Christian faith is a dangerous poison that must be purged from the earth to ensure social progress and the safety of other religions. This position, which most Jews would surely reject, is the basic assumption of contemporary secularism, which knows no race or creed. But since Foxman is leading this particular jihad against the cross, one wonders whether he does not agree with Jewish scholar Hyam Maccoby. Interviewed for Ron Rosenbaum's fascinating book, Explaining Hitler, Maccoby blames Christianity itself, its central doctrine of the divinity of Christ and His sacrificial death, for subsequent anti-Semitism and for the Holocaust. Maccoby asserts in his various writings that the core narrative of Christ's death on the cross led directly and inevitably to Jews being sacrificed, en masse, in Nazi death camps. "Christians say the Holocaust is part of the evil of humanity," he told Rosenbaum. "It isn't the evil of humanity. It's the evil of Christendom." For this reason, Maccoby considers that the only forms of Christianity that are not intrinsically anti-Semitic are those that reject Christ's divinity and redemption. On the same page, Maccoby insists that for him, "Christmas is a sinister festival," since it points ahead to Easter. Does Foxman agree? I don't know. But his organization provides on its Web site a comprehensive guide for members on how to purge holiday celebrations in public schools and civic spaces of any reference to Jesus, the Nativity, or Christmas.
Perhaps it's time to turn the tables on Foxman, who freely attributes to his opponents the darkest of motivations, and demand of him: How much of our faith do you demand that we renounce? How far do you intend to go?
John Zmirak wrote the first English-language biography of anti-Nazi activist and social philosopher Wilhelm Röpke.


text:
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Browsec is a Chrome/Firefox extension. It is an advanced analog of ZenMate, Stealthy, Hola and friGate.


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Joined: 10 Nov 2009
Posts: 631
Location: Austria
Posted: Wed 05 Feb 2014, 14:32
Post subject:
Build scripts for small debian live images (similar to woof)
Subject description: CAT-041: with libreoffice, smplayer, gimp and other tools
Update 15.02: Hi,
I used the scripts to build a usable "office image"
desktop is an icewm/rox combo with XFE tools.
It includes Libre Office, Icewease/Icedove+owl, Media player, gimp etc..
Wireless, Wicd and many drivers are included
get scripts with:
git clone https://github.com/emilwidmann/Debian-light-builder.git
or classic download:
Download build scripts: CAT-scripts-0.41.tar.gz (6,7 MB)
Download ISO: CAT-0.41.iso (412 MB)
+starts X as 'root' not as 'user'
+ mounts home medium rw
+ synaptic
+keyboard setter
+keep command (create squashfs from apt-get)
+rsync, openssh-client
+CD/DVD Tools
+ hfs, reiser, fuse-posixovl, ntfs-3g filesystems
+ Libreoffice, cups, Iceweasel, -dove, evince
+ Smplayer, audacious, gimp. mtpaint, mirage
+ volumeicon
+ some other customisations and little improvements
Interface is still very basic with no frills, I use mostly rox filer for opening configuration directory, showing available apps or also to open the /media folder for attached drives.
The build scripts are split into modules even more, the main config script is named now CAT. I still use live-build version 3 with persistence file with included persistence.conf.
A size of 4 GB for persistence file works for me until now. System on a dual core with 1 GB is still very responsive. Will test this system during the next months
Original Post 05.02.14
there is some interest in small and light debian live systems which have a puppy look and feel (e.g.
by saintless and other forum members).
Light-Debian-Core-Live-CD is produced by making a minimal debian live installation and then by a step by step remaster of the iso file. Thierry Monteil, a mathematican from France, who maintains a project "
sage debian live
" has written a build system based on the live-build tools (you can download the original build scripts from his page).
build scripts
md5sum : 60534785efc54b457f8a1998124a6665
Using his scripts I wrote a module which produces a 130 MB iso.
md5sum c1ffbba66cf6c45ca82da58419ca07c7 CAT-0.2.iso
it includes icewm, rox, xfe tools, iceweasel browser, wicd network manager, wireless network tools and free firmware drivers.
How does it work:
1) install Debian-Light-Wheezy or the CAT-0.2.iso
installation is similar to puppy, you can make frugal installations with the files vmlinuz, initrd.gz, filesystem.squashfs in a directory /live and use a grub entry like
title CAT
root (hd0,5)
kernel /live/vmlinuz boot=live config persistence quickreboot noprompt autologin nonetworking
initrd /live/initrd.img
IMPORTANT: The scripts use version 3.x of the debian live tools, so we have to use "
" boot parameter, not "persistent" as it was used in older versions of debian live-boot
We have to run debian, because for the build scripts the debian live tools are necessary. In principle you could install those in puppy and use the scripts, but I have not tried this.
2) Boot Debian/CAT,
download the build scripts
to a suitable location
tar xvf Debian-light-builder.tar.gz
4) cd to the Debian-light-builder directoy
5) install the necessary tools with
sudo ./build.sh install
6) start the build of the iso with
sudo ./build.sh icewm
the build will apt-get packages and will take some minutes.
The build system is organised into modules and corresponding config files. Thanks to Thierry Monteil the code is structured clearly and is rather easy to navigate.
With the build system one can automate the creation of the Debian live systems which are similar to classic puppy system in size and functionality, To share work it is not necessary to exchange full isos, but only the modules for creations (a few MB), It would be possible to setup the build scripts on a git, svn, mercurial repo for cooperative developement. The strong points at the moment are a working apt-get package managememt and e.g. multi user capability. Regarding small apps, MIME integration and general user friendliness, the project could learn much from the puppy linux world.
Some closing remarks:
1) I propose the name CAT for the build scripts of small debian live systems for historical reasons as a tribute to forum member sickgut. If the best case scenario happens and the project is improved with puppy apps and ideas, then the product could be a CATDOG.iso
2) In a follow up post I will give more details on some technical aspects.
3) There might be discussion if this is a puppy linux project and if it is the right place to post on the murga forum. Please don't discuss this or flame on this thread, If there is a problem please moderators move or delete this thread as you feel appropriate. Forum members who want to flame me can pm me or even send me an email (emil.widmann!AT!gmail.com), I might be slow to respond though.
My oppinion is, that this is a puppy linux related project, because it grew from the puppy community and seeks to incorporate and learn from puppy to get better.
4) Although I cannot expect that saintless and the team who works on the "Light-Debian-Core" project will change their present remaster-workflow I think the build scripts have a lot of advantages. In the beginning progress might be slower and more complicated, but in the end it will be worth to have a coherent system which can build all sort of variants (like pae/non pae or 64 bit)
5) my original goal was to develop a new small sage live CD, but I have not much time and I couldn't quite finish it, so I just share what I have.
all the best
Last edited by emil on Sun 02 Mar 2014, 13:08; edited 14 times in total
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Joined: 10 Nov 2009
Posts: 631
Location: Austria
Posted: Wed 05 Feb 2014, 16:26
Post subject: some differences and something similar
Multi User
At the moment the system is set up to autologin as user. To perform admin tasks you can either use sudo, start a root terminal (desktop icon) or you become root with "sudo su". Sometimes it is helpful to start a rox filer or xfe manager from a root shell. Excluding the "user-setup" and "nodm" packages from the build scripts would probably allow a root x session like puppy. Edit: To have a root autologin just modify the "nodm" hook in icewm or CAT module, either remove whole line or change 'user' to 'root'
Version CAT-041 will autologin as "root" like in puppy.
Package Management:
the deb files of the debian repositories are used, pet files do not work out of the box. Since no indices are included in the iso, it is necessary to do
sudo apt-get update
before you can do e.g.
sudo apt-get install gimp vlc chromium
Debian live has a similar structure than puppy. The core files of a frugal install are vmlinuz, initrd.img and filesystem.squashfs. It is important that they have to be placed in a folder /live on the medium (CD, USB, HD partition) to be found. Also you shouldn't have a 2nd /live folder somewhere else on your systen (I rename those folders I don't need to /live_noload)
Edit: using boot parameters in your grub configuration it is possible to change paths and filenames, e.g. "live-media-path=PATH" you can specify different path than /live.
for a list of boot paramters.
boot codes:
example boot code for frugal install:
see earlier post
sfs modules:
It is possible to use sfs files, however they have the file ending "squashfs". To autoload different squashfs modules the textfile "filesystem.module" has to be created in the /live directory.
it contains an ordered list, example:
boot and filesystem scheme:
The boot process of the debian live system can be studied in the folder /lib/live. There is also the /mnt folder which contains the rootfs, the overlay and the mounted medium
savefile / persistence
similar to puppy there is the possibility of a savefile or a save partition (eg. hd partition or usb). The default name for this file in Debian live is "persistence" (in former versions it was named "live-rw"). This file should be placed on a different partition or medium (like USB stick) than the /live folder, because the live medium is mounted read only under normal operation.
The creation of such a persistence file is like in puppy:
dd if=/dev/null of=persistence bs=1G seek=1 # for a 1GB sized image file
/sbin/mkfs.ext2 -F persistence
however unlike puppy you will also need a configuration file inside.
Edit 17.02:
I use the following persistence.conf file:
# persistence configuration file
# store changes in directory in union (only differences)
# This should offer a puppy linux like persistence scheme
/ union
to copy it to the persistence file you have to do something like
mkdir mpt
mount persistence mpt
cp persistence.conf mpt
umount persistence
On a first glance the whole system seems inflexible and complicated compared to the simple puppy setup. But in generall there are a lot of options to stear the behaviour of persistence, the whole information can be found in the debian live tools manuals. For example we have excluded the /home folder (user directory) from persistence in the persistence.conf file. The reason is that we have included a script in the build of the iso file, which remounts the live medium as rw (during the boot process) and then binds the /home directory directly to the /home directory on the medium. This serves as example for a different type of persistence
In generall debian packages are bigger than puppy packages, so you need larger persistence files compared to puppy. However it is possible to apply the scripts for purging docs, locals, manuals we used for the iso creation to save some space.
Last edited by emil on Sun 02 Mar 2014, 12:27; edited 6 times in total
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Joined: 11 Jun 2011
Posts: 3882
Location: Bulgaria
Posted: Wed 05 Feb 2014, 17:05
Post subject:
Thank you, Emil.
I like CAT name and the reason for it.
Learning much more new things from your first two posts here.
I will test, share and help with pleasure.
Edit: Can you. please check out the link. I can't download Cat-O.1:
md5sum 26c896620cb2748a20df704264e4eef8 CAT-0.1.iso
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Joined: 10 Nov 2009
Posts: 631
Location: Austria
Posted: Wed 05 Feb 2014, 18:05
Post subject:
saintless, there was a serious bug in the uploaded CAT.iso I have to fix it then I can reupload it.
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Joined: 11 Jun 2011
Posts: 3882
Location: Bulgaria
Posted: Wed 05 Feb 2014, 18:13
Post subject:
Thank you, Emil.
I can use the script from Light-Wheezy then.
Take your time with Cat iso.
Farewell, Nooby, you will be missed...
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Posts: 3200
Posted: Wed 05 Feb 2014, 18:28
Post subject:
Looks very interesting emil. The more ideas and projects like this the better I feel. I'll give it a try sometime. Please keep working on this.
github mcewanw
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Joined: 10 Nov 2009
Posts: 631
Location: Austria
Posted: Wed 05 Feb 2014, 18:51
Post subject:
Ok, uploading again, CAT-0.1.iso should be there in 30 minutes.
Some practical advice: on low ram systems and with small save files it can be useful to move the /var/cache directory to a drive and symlink it.
start 2 rox filer in a root terminal, then move the cache directory to e.g. /media/sda3. then create a link in /var
So all the packages you download will not clobber your system.
For testing isos I used virtualbox. For installing virtualbox (apt-get install virtualbox) it is useful to temporarily set apt recommends and apt suggests to true, otherways it will install the machine without the gui interface.
For setup of the VM, just add the iso file in the build directory to the cd drive in the virtual machine and boot up.
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Joined: 10 Nov 2009
Posts: 631
Location: Austria
Posted: Wed 05 Feb 2014, 19:06
Post subject:
Ok, the CAT-1.0.iso is up again. The build scripts have also JWM and openbox modules, but those are pretty raw and lack polish and some purging.
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Joined: 11 Jun 2011
Posts: 3882
Location: Bulgaria
Posted: Thu 06 Feb 2014, 01:35
Post subject:
Thank you, Emil.
Downloading now. I will try your advice to symlink /var/cache.
Farewell, Nooby, you will be missed...
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Joined: 24 Aug 2009
Posts: 3108
Posted: Thu 06 Feb 2014, 02:11
Post subject:
Tried CAT-0.1 (both the original and re-uploaded versions) and in all cases end up with a blank screen and an "X" mouse.
Tried in in VB, VMware and Parallels, VMs. All the same.
Below are some errors spitted during the boot sequence. Might point to the problem.
Screen shot 1.png
2743 Time(s)
Screen shot 2.png
2714 Time(s)
Screen shot 3.png
2781 Time(s)
Here is how to solve your
Linux problems fast
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Joined: 11 Jun 2011
Posts: 3882
Location: Bulgaria
Posted: Thu 06 Feb 2014, 02:58
Post subject:
Hi, Emil.
Just to make it clear for all. This project is not about Cat-0.1.iso but for building script which produces Cat-0.1.iso. Am I right?
Works for me in Gateway E-1400 (650 Mhz processor + 256 Mb RAM - no SWAP).
Installed mtpaint and htop. Looks light and fast.
Emil, is the initrd.img edited in some way from the original? I get some harmless warnings I don't have with the same kernel in Light-Wheezy.
Much to test and learn here
BTW - Debian Wheezy Live full persistence is exactly with only one line / union in persistence.conf but it has a bug. If you use it this way the system overlays the modules backward. I mean it overlays 01.squashfs on top of 02.squashfs
This was the main reason to choose downgrade default kernel for Light-Wheezy + it brings back /live/cow
The example you gave for full persistence will work fine. I tested similar format for persistence.conf as a solution to the full persistence / union bug and it worked.
2781 Time(s)
Farewell, Nooby, you will be missed...
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Joined: 10 Nov 2009
Posts: 631
Location: Austria
Posted: Thu 06 Feb 2014, 03:11
Post subject:
Hi all thanks for testing!
I am a stressed guy in RL, so I had also made a mistake yesterday with the build scripts, upload was broken somehow. I reuploaded and gave md5sum - they are at 5 MB.
mavrothal, that looks bad, I have no idea. The only possibility I see that I have purged out some special drivers drivers you need. package user-setup etc should be there. On the other hand it always worked for me in Virtualbox with normal setup (486 version). Please don't use the original CAT iso, it has nasty bug with the umounta script which might result in wiped disks - delete it
Saintless thanks for testing - as you see some solutions are rather basic, and your version is much more refined in the meantime, but it is a start.
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Posts: 631
Location: Austria
Posted: Thu 06 Feb 2014, 04:05
Post subject:
Just to make it clear for all. This project is not about Cat-0.1.iso but for building script which produces Cat-0.1.iso. Am I right?
Yes to be clear, the project are the build scripts and how to develop them further to give the raw debian live more puppy power (small size, apps, friendliness). The CAT iso I gave is an example from the present stage, a "proof of concept" so to speak.
Further developement would not primarily be a remaster of the CAT iso, but by modyfinig the build scripts (e.g. the icewm module).
Of course remasters of the iso are fine to try out solutions and experiment, but the changes should be brought in a form where they are scripted in the build system. So if somebody has written his own module or has scripted how to handle MIME types, share it please.
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Joined: 10 Nov 2009
Posts: 631
Location: Austria
Posted: Thu 06 Feb 2014, 04:16
Post subject:
is the initrd.img edited in some way from the original?
No I didn't alter the initrd.img. I don't know for sure, but I guess that the initrd.img is also created by the debian live builder (not copied from existing iso ). If there are warnings then we have to look if it is a bug or if this is ok.
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Joined: 11 Jun 2011
Posts: 3882
Location: Bulgaria
Posted: Thu 06 Feb 2014, 04:35
Post subject:
I will check out the warnings and compare the boot with debian live cd initrd for the same kernel. I will write back when I have information.
Farewell, Nooby, you will be missed...
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KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) — The Kansas City Chiefs had offensive tackle Eric Fisher rated No. 1 on their draft board. The Jacksonville Jaguars had fellow offensive tackle Luke Joeckel rated first on their board.
Both of the teams got what they wanted in April.
Now, the Chiefs and Jaguars will get a good idea who might have fared best when Fisher and Joeckel make their NFL debuts. Kansas City visits Jacksonville on Sunday with both players set to start at right tackle for teams coming off 2-14 seasons.
Fisher and Joeckel have both been slowed by injuries during the preseason, but they've showed flashes when they've been on the field. Chiefs coach Andy Reid and Jaguars coach Gus Bradley both said Wednesday that they're happy with the way things worked out.
Source: Associated Press


text:
News - April 2013 - Currently
|April 2013
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Monday, April 8, 2013
»Christof Teuscher, Engineering and Computer Science faculty, was the keynote speaker for the Ellis L. and Jennie Mae Krause Lecture in Science held at Marietta College, Ohio, March 27.
»Grant Farr, Emeritus Sociology faculty, has written the new book The Shaping of Iran Today, published by Cognella Press.
»Nora Wendl, Architecture faculty, presented "An Ecology from Absence: In Place of Pruitt-Igoe," at New Ecologies, New Constellations, Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture's 101st National Annual Conference in San Francisco, March 21-24. The p
»Sean S. Kohles, Materials and Mechanical Engineering and Biology faculty, co-authored the paper "The Stationary Configuration of the Knee," published in the Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association.
»Cliff Allen, Business Administration faculty, co-authored an article titled "International Outsourcing of Research and Development: A Model of Leadership and Culture" which appeared in the current issue of Operations and Supply Chain Management: An Intern
»Suwako Watanabe, World Languages and Literatures faculty, gave the presentation "Developing Advanced-Level Speaking: Application of OPI," at the Spring Conference of American Association of Teachers of Japanese in San Diego, March 21.
»Roberto De Anda, Chicano/Latino Studies faculty, authored the article "Ernesto Galarza and Mexican Children's Literature in the United States," published in Camino Real: Estudios de las Hispanidades Norteamericanas, Vol. 7, No. 4.
»Ken Ruoff authored "Nationalistic Movements to Restore Cultural Symbols of the Monarchy," published in Critical Readings on the Emperors of Japan, Vol. 4, Leiden: Brill.
»Jill Emery, Library faculty, co-authored "Techniques for Electronic Resource Management," published in Library Technology Reports, February/March 2013, Vol. 49, No. 2.
»Meredith Farkas, Library faculty, authored "Web Conferencing Software," published in Association of College and Research Libraries, Winter issue, in the Tips and Trends, Instruction section of the journal.
»Karen Gibson, Urban Studies and Planning faculty, and Leanne Serbulo, University Studies faculty, authored "Black and Blue: Police-Community Relations in Portland's Albina District, 19641985," published in the Oregon Historical Quarterly. In the article,
»Nicole Rigelman, Education faculty, authored "Becoming a Mathematical Problem Solver," published in Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, Vol. 18, No. 7.
»John Hall, Economics faculty, authored a review of the book "Latin American Economic Development," which was published in the Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. XLVII, No. 1, March.
»Amy Hofer, Library faculty, and her co-authors won the Association of College and Research Libraries Instruction Section Ilene F. Rockman Publication of the Year Award for the article "Threshold Concepts and Information Literacy," published in 2011 by por
»Tom Hastings, Conflict Resolution faculty, and alumni Rhea DuMont and Emiko Noma, co-edited the compilation Conflict Transformation: Essays on Methods of Nonviolence, McFarland, Jefferson N.C. The compilation includes chapters by Conflict Resolution facul
»Sergio Palleroni and Margarette Leite, Architecture faculty, along with Master of Architecture student Matt Sedor and Architecture alumna Caty Head-Skoland, were awarded a Social Economic Environmental Design Award for Excellence in Public Interest Design
»Eva Nunez, World Languages and Literatures faculty, authored the article "Fundaments of Morphological-Syntactical Ergativity," published in the Journal of Language for Specific Purposes, Vol. 18.
»Mary Vance won the Esther Matthews award from the Oregon Career Development Association in March for leadership and professional commitment to the career development field.
»Timm Menke, World Languages and Literatures faculty, authored a review of Christian Stein's Primat der Sprache: Leitmotivik und Topologie des Subjekts bei Arno Schmidt in Bargfelder Bote: Materialien zum Werk Arno Schmidts, April.
»Shelby Anderson, Anthropology faculty, presented "Challenges in the Study of Hunter-Gatherer Ceramics: a Case Study from Northern Alaska" at the Alaska Anthropological Association Meeting on March 15.
»Sue Taylor, Art and Design faculty, contributed an essay on ceramicist Hal Riegger's 1974 Planet Pot to the Portland Museum of Contemporary Craft's online exhibition catalogue for "Object Focus: The Bowl," March 7 – Sept. 21.
»Melissa Appleyard and Erica Wagner, School of Business Administration faculty, co-authored the paper "Fostering Resilient Community Innovation: How Boundary Organizations Balance Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation," which was presented at the Strategic Ma
»Eva Thanheiser, Mathematics and Statistics faculty, along with graduate students Jodi Fasteen, Briana Mills, and Krista Strand, co-authored the article "Preservice-Teacher Interviews: A Tool for Motivating Mathematics Learning" in Mathematics Teacher Educ
»Cynthia-Lou Coleman, Communication faculty, presented a public seminar titled "The Extermination of Kennewick Man's Authenticity through Discourse" at the invitation of the Newberry Library in Chicago on March 6. Coleman's research on the discourse surrou
»Kristi Yuthas authored the article "Rural Microfinance and Client Retention: Evidence from Malawi" in the Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, March.
»Joan Petit, Library Faculty, co-led the webinar "Free Online Technologies for Teaching and Learning," which was sponsored by ELIME-21, a grant-funded program with the aim of educating librarians in the Middle East and North Africa.
»Kristi Yuthas authored the article "Rural Microfinance and Client Retention: Evidence from Malawi" in the Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, March.
»Rachel Samuelson presented "Building Bridges: Creating an Interfaith Friendly Campus Culture" and "Fostering Spiritual Development: Prayer and Meditation Spaces" at the National Association for Student Affairs Administrators annual conference in Orlando,
»Masami Nishishiba, Public Administration faculty, presented "Power of Partnership-Collaboration between Clackamas County Urban Green and Nature in Neighborhood" at the American Society of Public Administration Annual Conference, New Orleans, March 18.


text:
The End of the Nightstick
Season 7 Episode 5 | 44m 15s Video has closed captioning.
This startling expose unravels a history of abuse of suspects by the Chicago police. For more than a decade, the press and authorities turned a blind eye to allegations of torture — including the use of electric shocks — until persistent grass roots organizations exerted enough pressure to prompt an official investigation, and eventually the dismissal of a ranking police commander.
Aired: 07/05/94
Problems Playing Video? | Closed Captioning


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text:
Supertech Limited, one of the most renowned developers of the National Capital Region (NCR), has come up with its latest project- Supertech Officers Enclave. The project has been recently unfolded by the builder and offers quality residential options at the most coveted location of South Gurgaon. The project consists of high rise and low rise establishments.
Situated within its self-sufficient mega township project- Supertech Hilltown- the project enjoys the benefits of a comprehensive living amidst all modern amenities. Let us have a closer look at this marvelous project:
About the Project
Supertech Officer's Enclave is located within 140 acre township-Supertech Hilltown and offers spacious and immaculately planned units in 2 BHK and 3 BHK configurations. The units will be available in high rise and low rise buildings, respectively. These luxury homes are located at the foothills of Aravalli range and promise a scenic view of the natural greens. The project has received all necessary approvals and the construction work is in full swing.
USP of the Project
Located on main Sohna road, the township gets excellent connectivity with corporate hub, reputed educational institutions and recreational developments in and around the area.
Proximity to Kundli Manesar Palwal (KMP) Expressway.
G.D Goenka school & K.R.Manglam University are also located nearby.
20 mins from major commercial hubs in Sector 48 & 49, Gurgaon.
25 mins from Cyber Park.
40 mins from International Airport.
About the Location
Strategically located along the main Sohna Road, the project enjoys excellent connectivity with the civic developments around the area. Some connectivity advantages of the project are:
Proximity to the KMP Expressway
Nearness to South Delhi via the Gurgaon Extension Road
Proposed extension of metro from Huda City Center
Already functional educational institutions and hospitals available
Easy accessibility to the commercial hub of Gurgaon
Situated along the upcoming Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC)
So, if you want to buy a dream home that exudes sheer luxury, do not miss this opportunity to buy a lavish home for your family at the most sought after location of NCR.
Read More About…………….Amrapali Adarsh Awas Yojna- A Dream Home Scheme for Government Officials


text:
Disabled Access Experts Serving New Brunswick
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Specialists in the determination of whether buildings have appropriate facilities and entrance/exit ramps for handicapped people, such as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act. Disabled Access experts serve as expert witnesses and forensic consultants in New Brunswick legal matters, and provide expert reports and testimony for judges, attorneys, lawyers, law firms, insurance companies and government agencies in Federal and state court trials and arbitrations in New Brunswick.
The listings below are of Disabled Access experts serving New Brunswick.
Expert ListingsHamilton Stephens Architects, PC
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text:
A Sense of Wanderlust and Social Responsibility Is the Catalyst for a Journey to the South Pacific
Laura Josephson '14 exudes a palpable energy and zest for life, a life so full that it's difficult to keep track of the many diverse interests and passions that motivate and drive this newly-minted Stevens alumna. Self-confident and brimming with worldly intelligence, Josephson has channeled her energy and interests into a far-reaching, global Stevens experience.
Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, and raised a few towns over in Ipswich, Josephson has collected more global adventures and experiences in her young life than most people encounter in a lifetime. She credits her parents for instilling in her and her two siblings an insatiable curiosity to learn more about the world and a desire to make an impact in far-flung places that few Americans visit.
As a Stevens undergrad, Josephson spent the fall 2012 semester in Spain, studying oceanography, global health and sociology. She also counts among her many overseas excursions a month-long trip to El Azúcar, Ecuador, a village on the Santa Elena peninsula on Ecuador's Pacific coast, where she conducted field research for her Senior Design Project—a solar-power system for distributing agricultural water in communities that have poor or no water treatment systems. She was sick for most of her time in El Azúcar, but managed to carry through with her objectives with characteristic aplomb, bringing back to Stevens and her project teammates valuable insights from her time in the Ecuadorean village.
Josephson, along with her Stevens teammates, presented their Senior Design Project—iAgua—at this year's Innovation Expo as their entry for the Project Plan Pitch competition. Although they failed to win the top prize, they received the loudest applause and won Audience Favorite, in large part due to Josephson's impressive presentation in front of her peers and a distinguished panel of judges. For those who know Josephson, her ability to win over an audience came as no surprise considering her acting talent and theater background.
Last month's graduation from Stevens marked a turning point in Josephson's life. She's considering going to graduate school to study public or international health. But that will have to wait until she returns from her next global adventure. Josephson will be hopping on a plane in August (several planes most likely) to reach her next destination—Micronesia—where she will be living and working for 10 months. Having secured a teaching position in Chuuk, she will be teaching chemistry and math at Xavier High School, a Catholic high school enrolling 170 students in grades nine through 12.
Along with her teaching duties, Josephson is looking to put her engineering education to use in Micronesia, where there is a great demand for someone with her skills, and she is willing to do whatever she can to help improve the quality of life in that community.
"There's a lot of potential to do good there, and I can't wait to get involved," she said excitedly.
There were a lot of contributing factors that led her to Micronesia, as Josephson tells it, starting back to her semester abroad in Madrid, where she took a class called "Introduction to Global Health."
"The class was incredible, and when I returned to Stevens, I wanted to continue learning about the healthcare field."
So she turned to Dr. Donald Lombardi for advice on earning a graduate certificate in Healthcare Leadership and Management, a program geared toward people with experience in the healthcare field.
"Dr. Lombardi and I met to discuss my experience. We talked about my experience in Ecuador and my interest in the field, and Dr. Lombardi signed me into a class for the fall semester," she recounted.
Josephson describes Dr. Lombardi's class as one of the best she has taken at Stevens. Dr. Lombardi, who has since become Josephson's mentor and biggest advocate, played an instrumental role in the opportunity for Josephson to go to Micronesia.
"A few years ago, Dr. Lombardi worked in the Marshall Islands, and while he was there met the director of Xavier. Knowing my interest in working in developing nations and my experience, Dr. Lombardi put me in contact with the director of the school, and the rest is history!"
As for Dr. Lombardi, there is no doubt in his mind that Josephson will make an excellent ambassador not only of Stevens, but of America.
"Laura has a peerless triad of practical innovativeness, great leadership instincts, and unquestioned integrity which she will now bring to Micronesia."
Dr. Lombardi hopes that this "once-in-a-lifetime" opportunity for Josephson will ultimately pave the way for building a pipeline in which other Stevens stars can travel to Micronesia and "make a difference with some terrific kids in the South Pacific."
Josephson, who spent five years at Stevens and participated in the university's cooperative education program, graduated this past May with a bachelor's in environmental engineering, as well as a graduate certificate in Healthcare Leadership and Management.
As she gets ready to embark on the next phase of her life, Josephson feels grateful to the people who have helped her along the way.
"Every step that I have taken over the past few years has led me closer to this experience, and I am incredibly fortunate to have a school, advisor and wonderful family who support me and have helped to guide me to this point."
Although she will be on the other side of the world, Josephson plans to stay actively engaged with her alma mater, promising to provide the Stevens community with updates of her stay in Micronesia. So look for her story in the coming months.


text:
Are you storing up riches for no reason?
Why does Jesus compare a "trained scribe" with a "householder who brings out of his treasure what is new and what is old" (Matthew 13:52)? Some people love to store up old prized possessions along with their newly acquired prizes. Others are eager to get rid of the old to make room for the new. So why does Jesus seem to emphasize keeping the old along with the new? Why not replace the old, especially if the new seems to be better or more useful? Wouldn't a person want to throw away an old pair of shoes and replace them with a new pair – especially if the old pair became well-worn or torn beyond repair?
Let's take a look:
(Matthew 13:47-53)
Jesus said to the disciples:
"The Kingdom of heaven is like a net thrown into the sea,
which collects fish of every kind.
When it is full they haul it ashore
and sit down to put what is good into buckets.
What is bad they throw away.
Thus it will be at the end of the age.
The angels will go out and separate the wicked from the righteous
and throw them into the fiery furnace,
where there will be wailing and grinding of teeth."
"Do you understand all these things?"
They answered, "Yes."
And he replied,
"Then every scribe who has been instructed in the Kingdom of heaven
is like the head of a household who brings from his storeroom
both the new and the old."
When Jesus finished these parables, he went away from there.
What is Jesus' point here? Just as a drag-net catches every kind of fish in the sea, so the church acts as God's instrument for gathering in all who will come. Just as the drag-net does not or cannot discriminate, so the church does not discriminate between the good and the bad, the useless and the useful. God's kingdom is open to all who will accept and believe. But there will come a time of separation, at the close of the age, when the angels will send the good and the bad to their respective destinations. Our duty is to gather in all who will come.
God, in the end, will give the good (those who accept God's word and obey it) and the bad (those who reject God and his word) the reward they deserve. God offers the treasure of his kingdom to all who believe in him and who accept his only begotten Son, the Lord Jesus Christ as their Savior.
Make sure to read: 18 Everyday Phrases That Come From The Bible
Like Elev8 On Facebook To Enrich Your Mind, Body & Soul!


text:
Dana Settle & I are hosting a dinner tonight (10/20/10) with some of the biggest companies in entertainment to talk about the future of television, film & digital media. Michael Ovitz, the co-founder of CAA will be the keynote speaker.
Nobody can predict 100% what the future of television will be so I won't pretend that I know the answers. But I do know that it will form a huge basis of the future of the Internet, how we consume media, how we communicate with friends, how we play games, and how we shop. Video will be inextricably linked to the future of the Internet and consumption between PCs, mobile devices, and TVs will merge. Note that I didn't say there will be total "convergence"--but I believe the services will inter-operate.
The digital living room battle will take place over the next 5-10 years, not just the next 1-2. But with the introduction of Apple TV, Google TV, the Boxee Box, and other initiatives it's clear that this battle will heat up in 2011. The following is not meant to be a deep dive but rather a framework for understanding the issues. This is where the digital media puck is going.
While we won't get through all of this, here are some of the issues in the industry that I plan to bring up and ones I hope we'll discuss tomorrow:
1. "Over the Top" video distribution--Apple TV is brand new and is priced at $99. Given how Apple's products are normally delivered to near perfection it is likely to be a huge holiday hit this year. While their past efforts at Apple TV have been mediocre it seems clear that this time they're really trying to get it right. That said, Apple will remain a closed system designed to drive media consumption through a closed iTunes system and a take a toll for media distribution.
The device itself will have no storage. So without my weighing into the pro's / con's of this I can say that I believe it will capture a large segment of the market but leave room for "open platforms" to play a big role.
Just as in the mobile battle when Apple goes closed it creates an opportunity for somebody that is substantively open. Enter Google. If you're an OEM who wants to move more hardware but you don't have the muscle to create an entire media ecosystem then you're best off finding a partner who can build a software OS, app platform, and search capabilities.
So it is unsurprising to see companies like Sony, Logitech, and Intel partner with Google. Google balances the universe and helps all of the hardware, software and media companies ensure it isn't a "one horse race."
That said, it would be an understatement to say that traditional media is skeptical about Google's benevolence and many fear a world in which video content margins are crushed in the way that print & music have been with the primary beneficiary having been Google. So while they enjoy a race with two major brands competing they also have three other strategies they'll pursue.
- they'll try to "move up the stack" and provide some of these services themselves. Thus you see television manufacturers rushing to create content ecosystems, app platforms, TV OS's and Internet offerings.
- they'll continue to partner with the MSO's: tradition cable & satellite providers as well as the new FiOS offerings from Telcos. The MSO's are today's distribution platforms and they still have a lot of muscle in the ensuing years.
- they'll continue to look for independent technology partners. They will find theHobbesian power relationship more palatable than strengthening what they consider their "frenemies" (Apple & Google) and as a result will work with independent players like Boxee.
I have always thought there was room for an independent success story like Boxee or someone similar. I've always believed that such a player would only succeed if they could capture an enthusiastic user base that feels compelled to use their platform to discover and consume content. Clearly Boxee captured the imagination of this early-mover user base 2 years ago. The launch of their new Boxee Box in November and the user acceptance of that will be telling for their future development.
2. Attempts at "moving up the stack"--In 1997 I led a project to help senior management at British Telecom define its Internet strategy. I did some market sizing analysis and wrote a strategy paper called, "It's about the meat & potatoes, not the sex & sizzle." I argued that if BT was focused there would be a large business in access services (dial up, ISDN and the equivalent of T1′s), hosting services and other infrastructure related products that would be very profitable and they had a great chance to corner the market on a high-market growth business.
My paper warned of the dangers of trying to "move up the stack" and become a content company. At the time all telco's were envious of Yahoo! and Excite in particular as well as all of the Internet companies with grandiose stock market valuations. The attitude was "I'll be damned if those young kids are going to get rich off of our infrastructure." Needless to say BT didn't follow the advice of my paper and it went bananas for content deals signing a string of money-losing content partnerships. I guess shareholders would have probably punished them for being boring and prudent.
Fast forward nearly a decade and it was unsurprising to me to see the death grip that global mobile operators placed over the handsets. They threatened any hardware manufacturer with not putting anything but operator approved software on the phones. In this way they locked down the device (they controlled the phone distribution market through owning retail stores and subsidizing handset costs). The mobile operators were run largely by the same people who ran the wireline telcos a decade early and still felt screwed by the tech industry. The created a hegemony that delayed innovation until January 2007 when the iPhone was introduced.
The iPhone broke the hegemony with hardware and software that had no telco software on it--thus the Faustian AT&T / Apple iPhone deal. They both gained. They both lost. But ultimately we all won because consumers finally had enough of locked down, crappy software from telcos. Imagine how much mobile telco money still exists in meat & potatoes. Imagine if one of them had created a Skype competitor.
So entering 2011 why does this matter? I see a repeat from television manufacturers and MSO's. They know that the world is changing and they're shit scared of what that means for hardware and pipeline providers. The hardware manufacturers are on razor-thin margins and see that having apps on TVs will be a way to build direct relationships with consumers and built higher margin businesses. It's hard to blame them. But none of this will stick. Not because they are bad companies--but because software is not a core competency.
They will never succeed in these businesses. And I think the smartest hardware providers & MSOs are the ones that will sign unique and daring partnerships with startup technology firms. But the whole market will develop more slowly as we watch this bum fight take place. Get your seats ringside--it will take place over the next 2-3 years.
3. The "second screen"--One of the most exciting developments in television & media to me will be "second screen" technologies built initially on iPads and extended to the plethora of devices we'll see over the next 3-5 years. And this will be real innovation and revolutionary in the way that the iPad is, rather than just being incremental. It will involve 3D (see Nintendo's moves, for example). You'll likely see applications that draw you into interactive experiences, connect you to your social networks, help you browse your TV better, and create a richer media experience overall.
I think we're in the 1st inning of second screen technologies and applications, and this movement will create whole new experiences that the 50+ crowd will lament as "ruining the TV experience." The 15-30 crowd will feel like this is what TV was meant to be--social. In my opinion this will replicate what most of us 40+ year olds already experienced when we were in our 20′s. We'll have the post show water cooler effect that was popular in the Seinfeld era. We'll have simultaneous viewing parties like we did for Friends or Melrose Place. But most of it will be virtual.
4. Content bundling--When there was one pipe capable of broadband delivery leading into our house the person who controlled this could control what we saw and it was delivered in a linear timeframe. As a result it became popular to bundle content together and get us to pay for "packages" when all we really wanted was The Sopranos or ESPN. We all saw what happened when technology let us buy singles on iTunes rather than whole albums pushed by record labels. No prizes for guessing what the future holds for video. The idea of forced bundles will seem archaic. Smart companies will figure this out early. The "Innovator's Dilemma" will hold others back. The bundle is the walking dead. Only question is how long it survives.
5. Torso TV - Television was designed for a mass audience in a single country. One of the things that has fascinated me over the past couple of years is the rise of global content and its ability to develop a "niche" global audience that is relevant. Think of about the rise of Japanese Anime, Spanish Novelas, Korean Drama, or the rise of Bollywood entertainment from India. It's not a mass, mainstream audience but I would argue that it's "global torso" content that will be meaningful at scale. Websites like ViiKii, which have been launched to create realtime translations of shows by fan-subbers, have huge followings already. And I'm sure that this is what popularized the SlingBox in the first place. British, India & Pakistani ex-pats on a global scale want to watch cricket.
I believe that NetFlix has won the battle for the "head end" of content from films. They have such a strong base of subscribers and their strategy of "Netflix everywhere" is brilliant. We watch it on the iPad. We pause. We turn on our TV and get it streamed through the Wii. And it's available also on the Apple TV. It's on Boxee. It's effen awesome. Game over. IMO. But the torso? It's up for grabs. And I think players like Boxee understand this is a juicy and valuable market. As does ViiKii and countless others racing to serve fragmented audiences the good stuff.
6. YouTube meets the television--It was funny to me to hear people say for years that "YouTube had no business model." It made me laugh because it is so obvious when you capture an entire market of passionate consumers in any market--especially in video--that in the long-run it becomes a huge business. So many people are stuck in the mindset that YouTube is UGC (as defined as people uploading silly videos or watching Coke and Mentos explode) and that brands don't want to advertise on UGC.
And meanwhile I've seen several L.A. startups focus on creating low-cost video production & distribution houses. They are quietly accumulating audiences in the same way that Zynga did on Facebook. And if you think that these guys can't monetize then I'll refer you to everybody's arguments about games--that free-to-play would never work in the U.S. And meanwhile Zynga is one of the fastest growing companies in U.S. history.
What Zynga understood is that you need to go where the consumers are, capture those audiences, build a direct relationship and then diversify channel partners. This is happening in spades now on YouTube as a new generation of viewers is being served up by a new generation of TV production houses that are currently under the radar screen of many people. This will change in the next 2 years.
And as they explode and become bigger companies YouTube becomes even more of a Juggernaut. And don't forget that as the Internet meets TV, YouTube will continue to be a brand to be reckoned with served up by Google TVs.
7. Content discovery--new metaphors--Anybody who tries to search for a program to watch on TV on an EPG (electronic programming guide) knows just how bad they are for finding "the good stuff." And for a long time the Internet has been that way, too. The best online video search tool (in terms of usability) that I've seen is Clicker. By a long shot. Do a little test yourself. Trying searching for something on Hulu. Then try the same search on Clicker. Try it first for content that is on Hulu and then for content that is not. And Hulu's search is actually reasonable.
Much of web video search is bad at finding "the good stuff" including YouTube itself. Try searching "Dora the Explorer" in YouTube and then try it on Clicker. And then try it on Hulu. I feel confident that any user trying this will not go back from Clicker (no, I'm not an investor).
But as the Internet & TV merge it will be a major fight for how you find the good stuff. Google isn't that good at video search today. Will this change in a world of Google TV's? Boxee prides itself on social TV & content discovery. Will their next version blow us away and be the way we search our TVs? Will the MSO / EPG world improve (answer: not likely)? What about discovering content on our TVs via Twitter or Facebook? Or some unforeseen technology? Will we discover stuff through second-screen apps?
Technology such as that being created by Matt Mireles over at SpeakerText is trying to make video transcriptions and make video more searchable and discoverable. Imagine that world. I'm sure others are focused on solving this great problem.
The amazing thing about content discovery is that it can alter what is actually viewed and thus becomes a powerful broker in the new TV era where pipes don't have a stranglehold on eyeballs.
I have no idea who will win. I only know who won't.
8. Gaming & TV--One of the great unknowns for me is what role the console manufacturers have on our future media consumptions experiences. There are about 60 million 7th generation game consoles in the US between the Nintendo Wii, Xbox and PlayStations against about 110 million homes.
And while free-to-play games are becoming hugely popular and as my own kids spend as much time playing Angry Birds (you can't tell me you don't want one of these--I already pre-ordered 2 for Hanukkah!) on the iPad now as they do Super Mario Bros. on the Wii--it's clear that the games manufacturers will find a way to be hugely relevant in the digital living room fight.
As will the media companies. Disney acquired Playdom and Club Penguin. EA bought PlayFish. Google has had long-standing rumors around Zynga. It's clear that games will feature in the Internet meets TV meets Video world. They're all battling for mindshare & share of wallet. Watch for continued game creep into TV.
Don't believe me? Check out what the younger generation does on Machinima these days. People record their game experiences and make them into videos to share. Games meets videos meets TV. To make it easier for you to understand--check out this video (NSFW--language--but good graphics & example of future. You can get through first 1.20 safely).
9. Social media meets digital content--I think the social media story is more obvious in many ways. It's clear that when people watch movies now they Tweet about it when they get out and this has an impact on box office sales. Social media buzz can boost or bury content. The current generation of players are trying to skate with the puck at their feet by simply offering "check-ins for TV" the next generation will connect us in ways we don't even imagine now. I've seen some really innovative companies trying to solve this social TV problem but their stuff is so new I feel I can't talk about it out of fairness to them. But I'm hugely interested to watch how this space evolves.
10. The changing nature of content & the role of the narrative--A lot of Hollywood people say that the traditional "narrative" of filmed entertainment will hold in the Internet meets TV world. They say that long-form storytelling will be where the ad money will flow and people will still want to consume professionally written, edited and produced content.
While I agree that there is a bright future for the talent that is uniquely in Los Angeles I think the future of TV & Film will be as different as the transition from radio to TV was. As is widely known "many of the earliest TV programs were modified versions of well-established radio shows." Why wouldn't we think that 50 years from now our initial Internet meets TV shows won't seem just as quaint. Consider:
- The 22-minute format with 8 minutes of 30-second commercials was designed for linear programming. Why is the number 22 magic? In a non-linear world do we need a standard length?
- The world is filled with amazing writers, directors, actors and producers. Many of them don't have the money or access to be in Hollywood or the ones that are here lack the ability to reach an audience. Companies like Filmaka have been trying to solve this problem.
- What happens when content production & distribution is easy to professionally produce and distribute at mass low-cost scale? Will we still have predictable story lines? Or can we develop more fragmented content to meet the needs of fragmented audiences and interest groups?
- What happens in a world where content producers have a direct relationship with the audience and can involve the audience directly in story creation? Or maybe even as wacky as involving the audience in the story itself?
- Isn't Arcade Fire's Wilderness Downtown already an example of the future where you can involve customized assets to an audience? We each see a similar story but with different backgrounds, characters or maybe even music? In a world where the house that I grew up in can play a role in the story (as with Wilderness Downtown)--anything is possible. Isn't it obvious that content customization to the audience is the future?
I'm such a big believer in the power of writing, editing and producing. When I'm given the choice I always watch independent film with complex characters and non-cliche story lines. I see a future in which Hollywood still is the center of global video content creation in the same way that Silicon Valley remains the center of technology development. But democratization of production & distribution will clearly change the world as we know it today.
And I'm excited to participate in that revolution.
COMMENTARY: Soon, TV's will talk to us like the HAL9000 computer in the movie "2001: A Space Odyssey". An electronic voice will ask us, "Master, it's Sunday, would you like to watch American Idol?" or "Would you like to grow some crops on Farmville?" or "There's a live open heart surgery on the Discovery Channel, would you like to watch it?"
I get so tired of clicking through 300-700 channels or flipping through TV Guide to find out what's playing. Web TV is here. Once everything went digital: TV programs, films, music, the Internet and games, it was only a matter of time before all these forms of media would converge and we could watch them all, as many as we wanted, whenever we wanted, on our living room or den television set.
But, who could forsee that our cell phones would soon entertain us on the run. Then Apple introduced the iPhone and the playing field moved up a notch. Now every cell phone maker (Android, Nokia, RIM Blackberry and Palm) came out with competing touchscreen phones.
The playing field has moved up another notch earlier this year when Apple introduced the iPad, a "magical" touchscreen tablet computer that can be used to surf the net, run apps, view videos and listen to music. You can even connect your iPod and iPhone to the iPad or connect the darn thing to your TV set.
Thought it would end there? 3D television is coming to your local BestBuy. The world of television will never be the same. 3D Internet coming soon?
It is getting so damn confusing. It's a difficult job trying to keep up with all this technology.
Courtesy of an article dated October 21, 2010 appearing in Fast Company


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A lot…Or Nothing – What is Really Going on with the North Brooklyn Boathouse?
So a lot is going on with the Newtown Creek Environmental Benefit Project. Or nothing is going on with it. It really depends on who you ask.
Wednesday night (4/23), a progress meeting on the project was held in Long Island City. Michelle Moore from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) kicked things off, and almost immediately voices were raised questioning funding and lack of progress. Even Joseph Lentol, the New York State Assemblyman that represents Greenpoint, expressed his disappointment at the lack of progress with the project so far. Continue reading


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(Pocket-lint) - The Sanyo Xacti VPC-CA100 is a waterproof "dual camera" as Sanyo puts it. Using the pistol grip form factor, it is called a dual camera because it claims to offer not only Full HD video capture traditionally associated with this sort of design, but also respectable still image capture, thanks to its 14-megapixel CMOS sensor.
The CA100 is fairly lightweight for a camcorder at 242g, but the weight and dimensions can't compete with compact camera that now offer similar capture opportunities. Whereas you'll be able to slip the latest Canon IXUS into your pocket, the Xacti is more troublesome. That said, the pistol grip form factor does make it more positive to shoot video with, it is easier to keep stable whilst handheld and you get a flip-out screen, which smaller compact cameras won't offer you.
The display folds flat down the "grip" of the device, covering a selection of the controls. On the rear of the grip is a locking flap offering up a Micro-USB and mini HDMI connectors, the former allowing for connection to your PC or charging the battery, the latter letting you hook-up to a display. Internally the grip houses the SD card and battery, both accessed by removing a locking flap. Given this camcorder's waterproof claims, you'll find things lock down nice and tight.
On the rear are a selection of controls that fall under the thumb offering both still and video capture, zoom and a "zoom range" button. The latter is a live button that switches between "wide" and "tele" modes whilst filming, meaning you can instantly jump closer to a subject with a single press. Effectively it means you can switch between 40-240 mm wide and 80-480mm tele modes.
The zoom range feature works by changing the sensor area in use whilst filming. It is an almost instantaneous, a slight pause as it moves in, but it keeps focus, which we found useful – in some instances the CA100 takes a little time to resolve focus and using the manual zoom in the same circumstances left us with a blurry picture for a while. It is sensitive button and placed a little too close to the zoom controls, so you might find you press it accidentally.
Lifting the screen powers the CA100 on. The screen can then be swivelled to give you a range of shooting options meaning high or low angle shots are easily captured. The placement of the controls isn't the best, but given the design, most will probably find it is an acceptable layout. The rear cluster are perhaps a little too tight, meaning you need to make a very definite stab for the feature you want, and the action is a little too indistinct, especially when it comes to still image capture. The menu navigation is handled by controls on the inside face of the handgrip.
Navigating the menus is via the fairly small four-way controller with central "set" button. As these aren't facing you, it does take a little of time to get used to. It isn't exactly speedy to change things on the fly, although you can switch to a simple menu that only offers resolution, focus mode and flash control if you prefer. You'll need to use the menus to take advantage of some of the features of the CA100, because as we've already mentioned, in terms of physical buttons you get zoom and record and that's it.
Lurking in the full menu you'll find controls for the digital stabilisation, the metering, focusing, ISO (auto to 1600), white balance, exposure mode, target tracking, digital zoom and so on. There are a wealth of options dealing with both stills and video, and you can dive in and find the likes of aperture and shutter priority modes, but it is neither obvious or easily accessed.
So viewed as a compact camera alternative, it does sort of fall down when it comes to stills shooting, although we suspect that it won't be a replacement for a camera, rather an opportunistic alternative. The provision of a Xenon flash does mean that you can grab a low light shots as you would on a regular camera, which some camcorders wouldn't offer you. Of course, you don't then get an LED illuminator, so in low light you're left with whatever the sensor can interpret.
Stills suffer from the rather indistinct button action. Pressing the button switches from the video mode to stills capture, followed by focusing and finally grabbing the shot. Like a regular camera, a half press should take you all the way up to focusing, but as we've said, the action is so sloppy it becomes a little hit and miss.
The stills results aren't anything to get excited about, but will give you a good return in good conditions. The flash directly under the lens results in a good deal of red-eye, but gives better results than LED alternatives. There is a noticeable delay in the capture process when using the flash. However, the CA100 is aware of things like shutter, ISO and aperture, so if a shot is crucial, you can take control and get a better result, if you have the patience.
Taken as a camcorder first and foremost, the simplicity of controls makes much more sense. You can pretty much just point and shoot once you've sorted through the menus and decided what you want your settings to be. The electronic stabilisation seems effective, with hand-held walking shots not encountering the sort of wobble that smaller models suffer from, so is worth playing around with.
The stereo mics are placed on the front of the display, far enough away from the working parts to avoid capturing zoom or focusing noise. A wind reduction option is available as its exposed position is prone to environmental noise, and it is surprisingly sensitive. There is no option for an external mic and we did find that all video had a level of hiss and that the mic and easily pick up hand noises if you are adjusting your grip or altering the screen angle.
Focusing seems to be one of weaknesses. Although the CA100 will often find a target and stick to it, there is the occasional pulse as it confirms focus. Zooming, especially in lower light can see focus lost, and the Xacti flounders for a while before it figures out where it is supposed to be. Used slowly and deliberately, however, it is much less of a problem.
Low light capture isn't great and you'll find noise appearing in shadows indoors, with more noise crashing in as things get darker. The same applies to still capture.
The Sanyo Xacti CA100 offers up a wide range of resolutions and frame rates, from the top setting of 1920 x 1080 60fps (16Mbps), down to 30fps (12Mbps) and 60 (12Mbps) or 30fps (9Mbps) at 720, with an additional 640 x 480 30fps (3Mbps) setting. The results are good, with the HD settings delivering the detail you'd expect, and a result that looks good played back directly on a large screen.
The other ace up the CA100's sleeve is the waterproofing. It is certified to IPX8 standards, meaning it is suitable for continued submersion in water, with Sanyo citing a depth of 3 metres. We didn't test it underwater (other than an exploratory dunk) but we did have it out in the snow where it got wet – not that it cared. Aimed at those hitting the beach or slopes, it means you don't have to worry about ruining your video camera should it start raining, or you drop it.
There is no lens cover so you need to ensure that you protect the CA100 in storage and transit. Although the glass is recessed in the housing, it wouldn't take much to scratch it. The screen is bright enough, but the resolution isn't always sharp enough to determine that you have your subject perfectly in focus. Sometimes we found it settled on an adjacent subject, especially in close-ups.
The battery is good for about 60 mins of full HD video capture, which sounds a little on the short side, especially if this is your sole camera and you are taking it out for a full day, although you could buy an additional battery and simply swap them over. It will alternatively offer you 200 still shots.
We're not entirely sold on the "dual camera" billing. Although the CA100 is capable of a range of more advanced features above just capturing a simple still image, in practical use it is a little too fiddly to use unless you really have to have that shot. Compared with a compact camera, you'll probably find yourself wanting more for stright photography, but the form factor makes it better for video than your average compact.
Great looking sharp footage with plenty of detail and realistic colours, it isn't the best shooter in low light, but you can't have everything. The RRP of £349 does make it looks a little more expensive than it perhaps should be, but it is widely available at over £100 less, where it looks more appealing.
Overall we're impressed with the Sanyo Xacti CA100. The convenience of waterproofing in a compact package will appeal to those who are a little more adventurous and the pistol grip design makes for easy shooting.


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Jeep Renegade 1.0L petrol parts
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Here you have the 5HP19 repair manual for download http://www.vaglinks.com/Docs/VW/Pass...air_Manual.pdf
ZF 5HP19 Transmission Problems
Loss of 3rd and 4th gears
Problem – A common ZF 5HP19 transmission problem is a loss of third and/or fourth gear when the transmission is hot. There may also be a sort of flair on the 2-3 upshift. And in extreme cases, the vehicle may cease forward motion because limp mode is actually 4th gear in some applications.
Solution – To fix this problem, a new ZF 5HP19 F Clutch will have to be installed.
No reverse – ZF 5HP19FL / ZF 5HP19FLA
Problem – Another of the common 5HP19 transmission problems in Volkswagen and Audi vehicles is the complete loss of reverse.
Solution – In order to fix this problem, a new ZF5HP19 D clutch housing will have to be installed.
Usually firm Drive engagement and/or harsh downshift
Problem – Another of the common ZF5HP19 transmission problems is a harsh engagement when putting the shift lever into Drive. This symptom may be accompanied by an unusually harsh downshift when coasting.
Solution – A new 5HP19 EDS 1 solenoid may be needed, and the modulating pressure valve will need to be checked for proper operation.
5HP19 Transmission Specs
General – 5-speed automatic
Application – RWD/AWD
Variations – BMW A5S-325Z, ZF 5HP19FL, ZF 5HP19FLA, ZF 5HP19HL, ZF 5HP19HLA
Production Began – 1996
Weight – 174 lbs
Fluid Type – ZF Lifeguard 5
Capacity – 10 qt +/-
DIY- How to fix your no reverse issue on a ZF5HP19 https://forum.e46fanatics.com/showthread.php?t=750714
upgraded reverse drum, heavy duty https://www.cascadetransmissionparts...vydutybmw.aspx


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Views: 1043
I am late to join the discussion but I wondered if anyone had read the book The Travels of a T-Shirt in a Global Economy? ....Its sheer popularity speaks to some desire to understand the world economy through a more anthropological lens.
An interesting article has appeared in today's Guardian (English left-wing newspaper), you can find at:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/aug/17/left-politics-capita... "We've had the intellectual stuffing knocked out of us – the fall of communism, the fall of postwar social democracy."


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This guide provides information about accessories for the JANUS G3 Automated Workstations