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Tough on the outside, refined on the inside, Fortuner is the 7-seat SUV that makes light work of any road condition – from the urban school run to the roughest terrain in the outback.
Pre-September 2019 model imagery shown
With its smart 7-seat configuration, you can make room for the kids, extra gear or whatever else you need on the road. Trim shown available on GXL and Crusade Grades only for an additional cost.
Forge ahead with a more natural tone of light that's complemented by integrated LED Daytime Running Lamps. Available on Crusade model only.
A sturdy, reinforced chassis gives Fortuner the rigidity and durability it needs to take you wherever you want to go.
From its road-trip-ready fuel efficiency to a 2,800kg braked towing capacity[G6], this SUV is ready for you to put it through its paces.
Pre-September 2019 model imagery shown
When it comes to strength, Fortuner boasts reinforced cross members, side rails and suspension towers across the range.
Featuring the latest 4x4 technology, Fortuner is entirely in its element whether you're driving on or off the beaten track (freshwater crossing shown).
Fortuner delivers outstanding fuel efficiency with figures as low as 8.6L per 100km[G1] (combined).
Rest assured, your comfort, convenience and thirst for excitement are all taken care of by a suite of in-built, intelligent driver technologies.
Pre-September 2019 model imagery shown
On the Fortuner Crusade, you can now open and close the power back door from the comfort of the driving seat, all at the touch of a button.
The Fortuner's expertly appointed steering wheel gives you full control of your audio, phone calls and cruise control.
With its 7" display audio unit featuring voice recognition, you can now connect your devices and drive along to your favourite tunes.
Whether you're heading off-road or travelling with cargo as precious as your family, it's always reassuring to know that Fortuner has you covered. Fitted with the latest from Toyota Safety Sense[S1] including Lane Departure Alert, Road Sign Assist and a Pre-Collision Safety system with daytime/night-time pedestrian detection and daytime cyclist detection, Fortuner is primed and ready for the unexpected.
Seven SRS airbags, combined with an impact absorbing structure, make it easy for you to drive with confidence and peace-of-mind.
Thanks to the Anti-lock Braking System[S1], Brake Assist[S1] and Electronic Brake Distribution[S1], you'll have all the tech you need to help you stop in time.
High-tensile strength steel sheets and supplementary materials are widely used throughout the body structure to help improve safety.
per Service*Terms & Conditions Apply
When you buy a new Fortuner, you don't have to worry about your service costs. With the Toyota Service Advantage you'll pay the same low prices from one log book service to the next.
Under Toyota Service Advantage, every new Fortuner at Lugsdin Toyota is entitled to up to the first 6 standard scheduled services at $250* each for 3 years or 60,000km (whichever occurs first). Service intervals on Fortuner are every 6 months or 10,000km (whichever occurs first).
*Prices quoted are model specific. Applies to standard scheduled logbook servicing (normal operating conditions) for the nominated maximum number of services or kilometres (whichever occurs first). Excludes Government & Rental vehicles. For details see your Toyota dealer or visit toyota.com.au/advantage.
[G1] Achieved in test conditions for comparison purposes only. Actual fuel consumption varies depending on driving conditions/style, vehicle condition, load and options/accessories fitted. Source: ADR81/02 combined (L/100km) for manual / auto models.
[G6] Towing capacity subject to regulatory requirements, towbar and vehicle design and towing equipment limitations. Ask your dealer for Toyota Genuine Towbar capacity and availability details.
[N1] Coverage varies based on vehicle location.
[S1] Driver assist feature. Only operates under certain conditions. Check your Owner's Manual for explanation of limitations. Please drive safely.
[TL1] Available on certain vehicle models and grades only. Requires compatible device & app installation, third party info, mobile data, network reception & GPS signal. Mobile usage at user's cost. Apps subject to change. For details see toyota.com.au/toyotalink.


text:
Rethinking Prosperity: Ideas For 'Fixing The Future'
Rethinking Prosperity: Ideas For 'Fixing The Future'
In the documentary Fixing the Future, reporter David Brancaccio traveled across America to talk to people who are working to reinvent the American economy. Through innovative approaches to creating jobs and wealth — like time banking, worker cooperatives, local currencies and community banking — Americans are rethinking how we measure prosperity and calculate GDP.
NPR's Jennifer Ludden talks with Brancaccio about new experiments in the economy of the future.
This is TALK OF THE NATION. I'm Jennifer Ludden.
What really makes a community prosperous? Longtime economics reporter David Brancaccio traveled across the U.S. asking this and talking to people taking a grassroots approach to job creation and wealth. His documentary "Fixing the Future" begins screening tonight at theaters throughout the country. David joins us in a moment to talk about not just creating prosperity but redefining it.
We'd like to hear from you. Are there ways you are thinking - you are rethinking wealth in your community? Give us a call at 800-989-8255. Our email address is email@example.com. And you can join the conversation at our website. Go to npr.org and click on TALK OF THE NATION. And David Brancaccio joins us now from our bureau in New York. Welcome to the program.
DAVID BRANCACCIO, BYLINE: Hello, Jennifer.
LUDDEN: Familiar voice. You're supposed to be sitting here.
BRANCACCIO: Well, between the two of us, we'll get the job done, right?
LUDDEN: So let's start with - I found a very revealing example that you used in your documentary of a simple trip to the grocery store and the different ways that that trip could have an impact on the community. Can you explain this?
BRANCACCIO: Yeah. It echoes some of the coverage I've been doing over the past couple of years for Marketplace that included alternative measures of our economy. Now, if you just measure the traditional thing, gross domestic product, GDP, you know, it tends to rise over the years. But if you try to look at, well, but are people actually better off, sometimes the data shows something quite different.
So the example that you mentioned that we play with in the film a little bit; one way to go get a little snack is for me to get into a fancy car and burn some fossil fuel, go to the supermarket and buy some kiwis that have been imported from, let's say, New Zealand and then buy some bottled water, OK? That's actually pretty good for GDP because I use the gas - I get account for that - a little bit of depreciation on the car and then, of course, the fossil fuel used to get the kiwis to the supermarket from New Zealand, right?
LUDDEN: Right.
BRANCACCIO: So the other way to do it is for me to jump on the bike and just maybe go to the store and get some locally grown apples and bring some tap water. Now, there is a cost to the tap water but it's negligible. And the second trip isn't as good for GDP, but the second one may be better for us. I got some exercise. I don't put any pollution in the atmosphere with the...
LUDDEN: Saved a little money.
BRANCACCIO: Exactly. And then if you actually spin out this example, right, maybe the best thing for GDP on that trip of mine in the car is for me to crash into a tree on the way home because then, right, I would have to get the car repaired.
BRANCACCIO: That would add to GDP. And maybe I would bang up my knee and have to go to the emergency room, some health care dollars.
LUDDEN: Shell out some more dollars.
BRANCACCIO: So we often measure the wrong thing. And it's been pointed out that in the first three months after the BP oil spill in the Gulf there that that might have been net positive to GDP because people got jobs cleaning up the mess, and there was no cost to the fish. The actual natural resources don't figure in to the traditional GDP figure. So you see the problem.
LUDDEN: Ha. So are there any experts or officials seriously proposing, though, to redefine GDP?
BRANCACCIO: Yes, actually. It's interesting. It's not just sort of the province of hippies. It's - there are some serious economists, including a group at Yale, that have looked at this. They've set up parallel accounts, in other words, side accounts to the GDP that might account for some of this, but getting it actually into the headline figures is going to take a while because old habits die hard.
LUDDEN: Hmm. Now, you go around and you find - you start from your hometown in Maine and kind of travel across the country there, finding local groups acting on their own to basically keep jobs and sustainable jobs in their community. Tell me a bit about the hour exchange in Portland, Maine.
BRANCACCIO: Oh, I love that example. And actually, after some of my initial reporting on this, that idea took off even further. People saw what I had done with the reporting. And so I was going on in Portland and wanted to try it at home. But here's how it works. You know, we have heard of barter. That's not something new. That would be maybe you would swap a used bicycle for a used 1957 Chevy bumper. OK, that's barter. The Portland Hour Exchange is you swap skills, and you don't denominate it by the dollar. You denominate it by the hour. So I tried this thing out, went down to Portland, and I weatherized a nice woman's house. Her name is also Jennifer. You know, squirted some insulation into her basement and put up some weather stripping for an hour. And so then I had a credit of an hour on the ledgers there. And then a few weeks later, I was able to draw out something from that time bank. And what I got was an hour - sailing lesson on Casco Bay.
LUDDEN: Excellent.
BRANCACCIO: So it's actually a pretty good deal. But why this is very interesting to me, because it's really a social capital generation machine. It draws the community together. You forge connections with people instead of being isolated. One of the biggest things that people withdraw from this time bank up in Portland is getting a ride to their doctor's appointment. Often infirmed people or elderly people need a ride. That used to just happen when communities were more closely knit. Maybe a nephew took you or a friend or a neighbor. These days, who's going to take you? So you can actually do it via the system.
LUDDEN: Well, I believe that was the woman named Jennifer who is a therapist in Maine, who told you she likes this system because she said we've lost the sense of community in this country.
BRANCACCIO: Yes, she called it a new kind of community. And what struck a lot of folks is that she has her doctor who gets paid in these time dollars. And she says it's a very good doctor. It's not like a doctor low on the list. So it's actually quite exciting. The doctor does not offer that to anybody. But if you don't have insurance, apparently that doctor considered it.
LUDDEN: Let's bring a caller into the conversation here. Michael is in Nevada City, California. Hi, Michael.
MICHAEL: Hi.
LUDDEN: Go right ahead.
MICHAEL: Yeah. I'm working in the foothills up above Nevada City, and we're developing the concept of capital as a common, as opposed to privatized resource. Where we can managed capital as a community resource with checks and balances on power and separation of powers and elected accountable leadership. And we're actually going be writing a constitution for this new common company.
LUDDEN: Wow. So what do you mean capital? What kind of capital?
MICHAEL: You know, capital assets, traditionally, you know, what an accountant would call capital, you know, money, lands, equipment.
LUDDEN: So how - give me a concrete example.
MICHAEL: Well, the capital that a corporation normally has on its balance sheet, instead of it being individual shares and privatized, it's managed as a community, based on the work of Elinor Ostrom and the "Governing the Commons." She won the Nobel Prize for it.
BRANCACCIO: It was actually - well, it's really, really interesting. And, Jennifer, another way to think of something like that are related ideas in "Fixing the Future," the film. There are, for instance, in North Dakota, there's a Bank of North Dakota. It's been there for about a century. And this is a bank. And it's run by the state of North Dakota, and elected officials decide where the money is going to be lent that's on deposit there. It's like a mini Federal Reserve. So it doesn't just disappear out into the fate with capital markets, but people have decided we want to support student loans, want to support agriculture and local business. And so that's where the bank does its lending. So instead of just money goes, wherever, it's something that has a kind of - people have fought through what its best use is according to them. And it's a different version of that.
LUDDEN: Hmm. Michael, thanks so much for the call.
MICHAEL: You're welcome.
LUDDEN: David, you talked about - or someone tells you in your documentary what difference it makes when a dollar stays in the community, versus - or if you spend a dollar, say, at a locally owned mom-and-pop store versus your local national chain store, what - what's the difference?
BRANCACCIO: Well, it's interesting. I was talking in the film - there's a conversation I have with a woman named Michelle Long. And she's with this outfit. It's kind of like a groovy chamber of commerce, if I can call it that. It's The Business Alliance for Local Living Economy.
LUDDEN: You know what, we have a little bit of her. Can we play her...
LUDDEN: ...while - before you talk. She is with BALLE. This national network of business alliances out in Bellingham, Washington. Let's listen to what she told you.
MICHELLE LONG: (As herself) What we're building is a relationship economy, the accountability that comes from a relationship with another person, as opposed to a one-night stand economy, where we are - when we don't have the accountability. If you think about it, today, we don't know where our food comes from when it ends up on our plate and what kind of impact it's had along the way. We don't know where our waste goes when we're done with that meal. When you put your money in a mutual fund, you don't know the impact of that money circulating where it's going, so we want to reconnect farmers with eaters, investors with entrepreneurs. And businesses with the communities, with the ecosystems that they serve have a relationship.
LUDDEN: A relationship, Dave, not a one-night stand.
BRANCACCIO: Yeah. And relationships are always better than one-night stands, or so I'm told. But here, you know, so if you're hearing her say this, it all sounds very nice. And I'm a reporter. You know, I have some skepticism going into these things, as I think is appropriate. So how did that actually play out? How did it bring a job somebody, you know, people may well ask. Well, in - I spoke with Michelle, in that case in Bellingham, Washington, and there was a business owner. He's got an interesting business. He makes industrial-sized pizza ovens for restaurants, and he had a low bid on some parts he needed to create it. And it was from Asia. So the logical thing for him to do is just get those cheaper parts in from Asia, and that could be a loss of jobs.
But because he's part of this new thinking - let's go for the relationship economy, not the one-night stand economy - he realizes that he's part of Bellingham. He lives there. It's not just in his interest to have an increase in profit, which he is very much pursuing, but it's also in his interest to be sure that the town that he lives in is doing OK and people have jobs there. So instead, he does something different. He imports some technology, some robots, and he then is able hire 45 people he didn't have before to staff that technology and make the parts for the pizza oven. So 45 more jobs.
LUDDEN: Ahhh. Turned it all in its head.
BRANCACCIO: Yes, exactly. You know, it's interesting because the idea - the reason I went on this whole journey really is because, you know, in this polarized country where everyone - no one agrees on anything, there is one thing - the Democrats, centrists, Republicans will agree on - that the economy can do a whole lot better, right? That's not a controversial statement. We got to make it work better for more people. So who's doing something now - right now who might be interesting that I could learn from to fix some of the stuff? So instead of going to Wall Street looking for answers, it didn't seem the right moment in history to go to Wall Street looking for answers. They have their own problems now. You may have noticed. And I don't really go to Washington. Ultimately, policy at the national level will very much play into an economic shift.
But I don't want to start there. So I go to Main Street, and I find every way - where I look, any compass point, there was somebody cool trying something different to nurture the economy in a nontraditional way. And so it was really, I thought, exhilarating. And what I didn't understand when I started this voyage about two years ago is that it is starting to add up. It's almost a movement. It's like the environmental movement before the environmental movement had a name, and it's in keeping with the environmental movement. You talk about sustainability. You don't want an economy that goes bust every seven years like we currently have. But it doesn't really have a name yet. Some people call it the new economy. Maybe we could, you know, our listeners could do better.
LUDDEN: All right. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And let's get a caller in. Joe in Denver, hi there.
JOE: Hi. Yeah, just kind of building on what Mr. Brancaccio is talking about. I think, you know, perhaps, a name that would be apropos is localism. I think that's really what this is all about, building that sense of community like he talked about. And one example, you know, I've done a bit of research on this. I (unintelligible) my master's in urban planning. And what I found is that walkable communities really nurture that sense of community. And just a good example of that, recently last month, there was an event here in Denver called Better Block, and what they did, they found a kind of a neighborhood commercial node that was run down.
And what they did is they put some pedestrian amenities out there. They embraced local entrepreneurs. There is vegetation on the sidewalk. There are places of shade, and it drew people in. And what they're finding is that once entrepreneurs discover that these places can be a functioning part of the local economy, they're willing to take that extra step, and it's not so much of a risk for them anymore. And it draws interest to these places. And the - I think the important factor here is that it creates a third place for people to come together, and it's in those third places where ideas can be shared. And that really nurtures the entrepreneurial spirit. So I think that that's something that really speaks to Mr. Brancaccio's - the point about building community.
BRANCACCIO: It's very cool. Actually, a friend of mine is buying a house right now, and when he looked up houses online, some came with a walkability(ph) index.
LUDDEN: Really?
BRANCACCIO: So you could tell right away how walkable(ph) the community was. And I remember talking to some economists about maybe a month ago. They put a number on how much increase in real estate value you get the more walkable things are.
LUDDEN: I did see that.
JOE: Yeah, absolutely. And people are finding that they have more money in their pocket when they can walk to places for errands than having to get into their car, rather than being dictated to have to drive everywhere to get everything.
LUDDEN: All right. Joe, thanks so much for that phone call.
JOE: Certainly.
LUDDEN: Let's see if we can squeeze in that last quick phone call here. Leonardo, we just got a minute left. You're on Long Island. What's going on there?
LEONARDO: Hey, how are you guys doing?
LUDDEN: Good.
BRANCACCIO: Good.
LEONARDO: What's going on is, I was telling your screener that I've been - I'm an artist, and I also do some custom writing. And for years, I've been bartering. I barter my services as an artist, and I was even - unfortunately, did a little time in federal prison. I did a tremendous amount of bartering in there. And currently, I'm doing some lighting in a custom olive oil shop. And we're going to do a combination of money and olive oil for my services. So I'm definitely a big proponent of this kind of job.
LUDDEN: All right. Leonardo, thank you so much. David Brancaccio, you talked about this as sort of taking off. It's a movement without a name, but at what point is there wider impact do you think?
BRANCACCIO: That's the question I had as I went on this journey for this film. You know, does it scale? And I think that if ultimately what is needed and smarter people than myself can suggest what the agenda would be, do we have to rethink the banking system, it has to start with people engaging these issues in their local community. And then it attaches to policy at the national level. It's happening so pervasively, and in every direction, that I think it's sort of scaling up already and starting to have a national impact. It just needs, I think, a name for it. And we'll see if someone can volunteer that at some point.
LUDDEN: All right. David Brancaccio joined us from our bureau in New York. His documentary "Fixing the Future" begins screening tonight at theaters throughout the country, and you can find a list of screenings at fixingthefuture.org. David Brancaccio, thank you so much.
BRANCACCIO: Jennifer, thanks for having me.
LUDDEN: Tomorrow, after George Zimmerman's legal team has twice requested new judges, we'll take a look at judicial bias. Join us for that. This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Jennifer Ludden in Washington.
Copyright © 2012 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.

subset: commoncrawl


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Job Information
Providence Health & Services RN - Cardiac Cath Lab in Santa Monica, California
Providence is calling a Cardiac Cath Lab Registered Nurse ( Per Diem / Day Shift ) to Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, CA.
In this position you will:
Provide professional, comprehensive nursing care for patients in an acute care environment
Be accountable for the delivery of coordinated, safe, compassionate, therapeutic, evidence-based quality care to patients and families, based on individual physical, emotional, and spiritual needs, and appropriate care strategies throughout the lifespan
Engage in ongoing professional development; practices to the top of license within the legal parameters of the Nurse Practice Act, the Nursing Social Policy Statement, the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, and specialty standards
Lead and coordinate teams, appropriately delegate, coordinate care and collaborate with others as equal members of the inter-professional care team to integrate nursing knowledge.
Required qualifications for this position include:
Unencumbered California Registered Nurse license
If the Registered Nurse holds a multistate license through the Nurse Licensure Compact, the RN must adhere to the requirements of licensure in the new state(s) of hire
Nursing degree/diploma
All Registered Nurses without a minimum of a Bachelor's degree in Nursing must obtain a Bachelor's degree or higher within 3 years of hire
A RN with 20 years of RN experience will not be required to obtain a BSN
Any previously agreed upon effective date for obtaining a Bachelor's degree in nursing between individual and facility will remain in effect
Any collective bargaining contract with specific time frames for obtaining a bachelor's degree in nursing will supersede the above point and will remain in effect
Exceptions will be considered on a case-by-case basis at each facility by the most senior administrative nursing leader in consultation with the Human Resources leader
12 months acute care experience working with the patient population similar to department of hire or completion of the specialty residency located at the facility
Current Basic Life Support for Healthcare Provider card must be from the following authorized governing bodies: American Heart Association ( AHA ), American Red Cross ( ARC ), or Military Training Network ( MTN ) upon hire
Current Advanced Cardiac Life Support certification ( ACLS )
Preferred qualifications for this position include:
- Bachelor's degree in Nursing
About the hospital you will serve:
Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California, is part of Providence Health & Services, an integrated, not-for-profit network of hospitals, care centers, medical clinics, home health services, affiliated services and educational facilities in the western United States. Founded in 1942, Providence Saint John's Health Center enjoys a reputation for clinical excellence across many disciplines.
The 266-bed health center has a medical staff of more than 900 physicians, 1,800 employees and a host of volunteers who share a commitment to providing quality care for all.
We offer a full comprehensive range of benefits - see our website for details
Our Mission
As expressions of God's healing love, witnessed through the ministry of Jesus, we are steadfast in serving all, especially those who are poor and vulnerable.
About Us
Providence Health & Services is a not-for-profit Catholic network of hospitals, care centers, health plans, physicians, clinics, home health care and services guided by a Mission of caring the Sisters of Providence began over 160 years ago. Providence is proud to be an Equal Opportunity Employer. Providence does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, gender, disability, veteran, military status, religion, age, creed, national origin, sexual identity or expression, sexual orientation, marital status, genetic information, or any other basis prohibited by local, state, or federal law.
Schedule: On Call
Shift: Day
Job Category: Critical Care Nursing
Location: California-Santa Monica
Req ID: 217208


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Castro Kidnapping Case: Ariel Castro Competent to Stand Trial, Judge Refuses Access to Amanda Berry's Daughter (VIDEO)
Ariel Castro, the man accused of kidnapping three women and holding them captive for around 10 years, has been declared mentally competent to stand trial by a judge on Wednesday.
Cuyahoga County Judge Michael Russo ruled that Castro is mentally stable to stand trial for his crimes after reviewing results of the suspect's examination last week.
State prosecutor Saleh Awadallah also revealed that a meeting will be planned on July 11 to discuss whether they should seek the death penalty for Castro.
The 52-year-old pleaded not guilty to a 329-count indictment of kidnapping three women and holding them in his Cleveland, Ohio home for about 10 years. He also faces charges of aggravated murder after he repeatedly beat one of his kidnap victims and forced her to miscarry when she became pregnant with his child.
Castro's defense attorneys have previously stated that he may decide to plead guilty to charges if the prosecution takes capital punishment off the table.
Castro fathered a 6-year-old daughter, Jocelyn, after raping his kidnap victim Amanda Berry.
Berry escaped Castro's house on May 6 after a neighbor helped her out when he heard her screaming for help. After being released she called 911 and reported who she was and how Castro had held her captive for the past decade.
Police dramatically rescued Berry and three other victims who were held captive with her – Gina DeJesus, Michelle Knight, and Berry's daughter Jocelyn.
The victims were kidnapped between 2002 and 2004. DeJesus was 14, Berry 16, and Knight 20 at the time they were kidnapped.
It also emerged today that Castro had made a request to the judge to see his daughter Jocelyn. However, the judge denied his request, saying, "I just think that would be inappropriate."
Castro's trial date has been set for Aug. 5 and he will face another hearing July 24.


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Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson, Papers
Object Title
Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson, Papers
1843 - 1929
Scope and Content
Personal papers and photographs of Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson
40 boxes, 2 scrapbooks, 23 photographs, 13 mounted illustrations, 1 file and other unspecified amounts of material
Access Conditions
Open access
Administrative / Biographical History
De Cosson, Charles Alexander, Baron (1843-1929). Historian of arms and armour. Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson came from a French family who had suffered greatly during the French Revolution, and emigrated to England. De Cosson was born in Durham on the 28th of August 1846.In 1855 de Cosson travelled to Venice with his family stopping on the way in France and Italy. It was here that Charles' main study and pursuit of ancient armour began. On this trip an old dealer in antiquities in Venice that his father worked with gave Charles a tiny suit of old Italian armour, only about 14 inches high, it was a model suit made for the amusement of young nobles. After travelling the family returned to England. At first de Cosson's collecting was limited to Roman coins, but his love of armour was reinforced when his parents took him in 1857 to see the Exhibition of Art Treasures of the United Kingdom collected at Manchester held at Old Trafford. This included the Meyrick Collection of arms and armour, some of which later passed into De Cosson's own collection. His father gave him his first book on armour, a copy of Francis Grose's Treatise on Antient Armour and Weapons, it was the first book on ancient arms and armour to be published in any European language. He spent a short time at Salamanca University in Spain, but by 1868 he was in Paris, and then off to Wurzburg to attend the Etlinger sale where his collecting began. He bought a 16th century German rapier and a tilting helmet. From Wurzburg he travelled to Augsburg to see the Soeter collection, and then he returned to England.Once back in England he began collecting fine arms and armour and soon became acquainted with dealers in London and Paris. De Cosson was the first author to distinguish the 15th century armet-a-rondel from the close helmets of later date and to identify the spurious 19th century forgeries of 13th and 14th century helmets made by Grimshaw and Pratt.
In December of 1868 his father was ill, and moved the family to Seville for the warmer climate. His father died in 1871 and in the winter of 1872 Charles travelled with his brother to Egypt, Ethiopia and onto the King of Abyssinia's camp at Gondar. The brothers were well received by King John who gave them letters to carry back to Queen Victoria, the Prince of Wales and the President of the USA. The King also gave Charles the Grand Cross of the Order of Solomon's Seal and the order of the Holy Cross to take to the Prince of Wales. They spent several weeks with the King, and the King promised slavery would be abolished and that any person found to be buying or selling slaves would receive the death penalty. In October 1878 the Baron was invited to take part in an exhibition of cutlery at the Court of the Cutler's Company. The Baron lent about 80 swords to the exhibition, it was open for 16 days and attracted 15,000 visitors. In June 1880 De Cosson was involved in another exhibition, this was of helmets and mail held in London at the Royal Archaeological Institute. De Cosson was tasked with describing the helmets in the catalogue. This proved to be a turning point in the serious study of armour, and confirmed De Cosson's position as premier authority in England. He founded the Kernoozers Club in 1881 (a society of collectors and historians of arms and armour), and became its first president. The club flourished, and meetings were held in members' homes and were so popular that it became necessary to limit the membership to 20. The Kernoozers Club survived for 41 years. In 1890 the Junior Kernoozers Club was founded, this club later became the Meyrick Society.
In 1891 De Cosson befriended Guy Francis Laking, and some years later James G Mann. Mann went on to become Keeper of the Wallace Collection and Master of the Armouries in the Tower of London. Laking went on to become the Keeper of the King's Armoury, Inspector of the Armoury at the Wallace Collection and Keeper of the London Museum. Laking's youthful enthusiasm was quite contagious and they spent many hours together discussing arms and armour. In the 1890's De Cosson was busy assisting the Duc de Dino to form a collection of choice arms and armour. De Cosson was able to acquire more pieces for the Duc at the sale of the Frederick Spitzer collection. The entire Dino Collection sold in 1904 to the Metropolitan Museum in New York. He also visited Germany, Austria and Switzerland and examined as many arms and armours as possible.
In 1901 the Baron moved his family to Florence, originally intending to stay for two months, but stayed for 25 years. He constantly travelled around Italy on the quest for arms, antique furniture and objects of art for himself or for friends. In 1906 he was offered the Keepership of the Museo Stibbert in Florence, but he declined. In 1926 he visited the Church of Maria della Grazie and first saw the armoured figures of people saved from a violent death by prayer to the Virgin tucked away in the alcoves of the church. The armour had long been thought to be made of paper-mache, but De Cosson thought that paint covered genuine amour. He told James Mann, who two years later inspected the figures and in 1930 was granted permission to dismantle and clean them, revealing six armours of the 15th century and ten from the 16th century. Baron de Cosson died in Florence on the 8th of February 1929.
COSS 2 - Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson, Papers, Bound Museum Catalogues
COSS 3 - Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson, Papers, Bound Pamphlets
COSS 4 - Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson, Papers, Bound Sales Catalogues
COSS 5 - Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson, Papers, Individual Sales Catalogues
COSS 6 - Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson, Papers, Scrapbooks
COSS 7 - Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson, Papers, Notebooks
COSS 8 - Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson, Papers, Research notes, photographs, correspondence etc
COSS 9 - Charles Alexander, Baron De Cosson, Papers, Correspondence
COSS 10 - Correspondence relating to De Cosson's own collection and its dispersal


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Is the Writing Center only for "beginning" writers?...only for "advanced" writers?
The Writing Center is useful for writers at every level of experience. Writing advisors can offer input on any writing-related topic from organization and analysis, to grammar and citations, to voice and style.
Why do I need to go to the Writing Center when I have grammar-check and spell-check on my computer?
There is no substitute for having another set of eyes look over your work. Grammar- and spell-check are not completely reliable in every situation--and a computer can't help you generate ideas or offer advice on style. In addition, Writing Center advisors can offer you an insightful perspective on your writing.
The Writing Center is located in Hollenbeck Hall. Does this mean you work only with writing for the humanities?
The writing advisors represent many different academic fields and are trained to work with all kinds of writing. Whether you're working on a short story or poem, a biology lab report, or a management portfolio, an advisor can work with you on your project.
Can I bring in ONLY class-related work?
Absolutely not. The projects we see in the Writing Center include resumes, job applications, personal statements, news articles, poetry, song lyrics--we even worked on a maid of honor speech last year. If it's writing-related, bring it in and make it the best it can be!
Do I have to bring in a complete draft?
No, not at all. Advisors in the Writing Center work with writing at any stage. Whether you need help brainstorming a topic, forming an outline, organizing a draft, or polishing a final copy, you can always consult with an advisor. Some students come in with only the assignment sheet and we work from there. Bring in notes, ideas, whatever you have.
Will my professors know when I come in to the Writing Center with my work?
Only if you would like them to. Upon your request, writing advisors can give you a report indicating the date of a particular session and describing what aspects of the project you addressed; you may pass the report on to the professor (we can also send them via email). Otherwise, your visits are confidential.
Do I need to make an appointment? Many students simply drop by the Center with their writing projects during our day and evening hours. But, you can also access our online calendar to set up an appointment for a particular time or with a particular advisor: wittenberg.mywconline.com. Registration is quick and easy.
When would it be a good idea for me to make an appointment?
If you'd like to work with an advisor who specializes in a certain discipline, you may want to reserve a time. Also, the Center tends to get busy during midterms and finals. It's usually a good idea to make an appointment during those stretches.
Where is the Writing Center and what are the hours?
The Writing Center's location is 112 Hollenbeck Hall, right across from the 24-hour computer lab. We're open:
Monday -Friday
9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
2:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.


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A legitimate cocoa import company could have been a cunning Trojan horse in which to hide cocaine importation, but lawyers for two accused men say there's no evidence to prove it.
Mexican nationals Eduardo Radamez Chavez Gonzalez, 34, and Gabriel Altamirano Galindo, 35, are charged with importing 300kg of cocaine into Victoria alongside coffee, cocoa and salsa from Mexico.
Chavez Gonzalez is also charged with attempt to possess a commercial quantity of cocaine. Both deny all allegations.
During Tuesday's committal hearing, defence barrister Peter Morrissey SC panned the prosecution's circumstantial case.
"What the prosecution have here is a theory, nothing more than a theory, that is consistent with some of the evidence," he said.
He says Chavez Gonzalez was operating a legitimate import business for cocoa, coffee and salsa and not an operation off which to "piggyback import" cocaine, as prosecutors allege.
They had business and marketing plans, a website, thoughts of opening a shop and appeared to be set up "for the long haul", Mr Morrissey said.
He said it could appear as a cunning front or Trojan horse, but nothing more could be done to prove it was a legitimate business, and he called out the prosecution for failing to get an expert to prove otherwise.
He also said while Chavez Gonzalez was the import carrier, there was "not one squeak of evidence" he knew there were drugs in the boxes.
Chris Carr, for Altamirano Galindo, said his client had opened his bank account for police, given them codes for his devices and used his own name to obtain a phone SIM card, painting a picture of innocence rather than guilt.
He suggested photographic evidence on Altamirano Galindo's phone could have been placed there remotely by someone overseas, and denied allegations his client had deleted WhatsApp messages between himself and Chavez Gonzalez.
The committal earlier heard the drugs, worth $105 million, were allegedly discovered during a raid on an Altona business last November.
Prosecutor Kevin Armstrong admitted the case was circumstantial but said evidence could infer both men had knowledge or belief that there were drugs in the consignment.
He said the idea the pair were using the import business as a "piggyback importation" could not be reasonably excluded.
The pair will return to court on September 18 for magistrate Susan Wakeling's decision.


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The solidworks thread9/6
Hello everyone,
I want start a thread talking about Solidworks and its use in woodworking. I have read ever other post on this forum regarding solidworks but I would like to create one super thread with all the information in one place.
Quick disclaimer - I am not affiliated with solidworks in anyway. I don't use it in production but I am curious to know if it is worth using.
Below I have some questions that I would like answering (If you have any additional questions please post them!) -
Currently I use Autocad (2D only) and a separate CAM program. As we all know this can cause lots of problems when changes are made in a drawing and not carried to the CAM program. Would Solidworks help here?
Exporting single parts out to then be programmed in the CAM software is fine by me so is there a efficient way of doing this?
How do you handle Edgebanding in Solidworks? Exporting a DXF then manually making the allowance is NOT an option.
I use a flat bed CNC to produce the majority of my work so when a cabinet is cut it needs all the dado's and rebate's cut with 0.2mm tolerance to accept the board slotting into it. I don't want to export a DXF then go around ever dado and rebate to allow for that tolerance. So how would you go about that?
Most of our work is commercial and not designed to be taken apart. So we pre-drill all the fixing into the parts for standard wood screws, then when it comes off the CNC it is ready for edgebanding and assembly. Can you do that in solidworks? Is it a long winded process?
Finally what about laying out an entire project? I work at a shopfitting company so most projects aren't single items of furniture. It can be everything from the architraves to the feature ceiling rafts. So plan drawings are key.
To my understanding these are the options available to us -
Just Solidworks
Solidworks with add-ins -
Pascam, SWOOD & Pathfinder3D are the only add-ins I know of that cater to our woodworking needs.
Does anyone have any experience with the above? I have watched ALL the material available on these add-ins (youtube them) but there are so many questions that still need answering! I don't want a company to reveal there secrets but the information needs to be more available...
Could anyone using solidworks post some drawings they have produced? Presentation or Shop. Just to show what it is capable of.
Finally I would like to ask anyone that uses Solidworks to give us there honest opinions about it. There's pro's and con's to every software so I look forward to your response.
Thanks for reading this fairly long post. I'm passionate about the software I use and want it to be as effective as possible.
Solidworks is a parametric solid modelling program. It is primarily used in machine design, jig/fixture design, and the like in various manufacturing industries that deal mostly in metal or plastic parts.
It would have tremendous value for the modelling of furniture parts in the wood industry as well.
Since you speak of mostly commercial cabinetry, there are many cabinet specific programs that would likely be more efficient for your products. Cabinetvision and microvellum come to mind.
We have drftsman that use Autocad for "paper" drawing.
Thanks for your response, I agree with you completely regarding cabinet work. Solidworks should never beat the likes of cabinetvision. But when custom work comes into play it seems soildworks would have the upper hand.
Thanks for your response, I didn't know about mastercam's link with solidworks. Does your foreman export a drawing then program or is it all inside of solidworks?
We still use Smartlister here. It is not parametric but works within AutoCad to generate cutlists of parts of anything drawn. If you are looking to draw something just once it is much better than all the time creating a one off parametric cabinet.
Draw it in 3D and you've got a cutlist. We've used it since 2005. Still like it.
The Mastercam thing is now integrated inside of Solidworks, although he used to have to export from Solidworks and run the toolpaths in Mastercam.
BTW, we are all swapping drawing files back and forth in the shop between ACAD, Mastercam and Solidworks and we don't have any problems with compatability.
If your mainstay is cabinetry, even with a lot of custom, I suggest you take a hard look at microvellum. The program has improved significantly in the last few years. One of the best improvements is something called solid model analyzer. This allows you to take a 3d solid model from the program of your choice (including vanilla autocad). And suck it into your microvellum project with all your normal products. That way everything goes through one workflow to manufacturing.
I used Solidworks from 98 until about 2007. The problem with it is it's lack of woodworking functionality. I.E. putting in assembly and system holes, allowing for edgebanding, getting the parts out of the assembly and into the the cnc, organizing parts by room, etc.
There are guys who sell some add ons. But there is no way they are going to be as efficient as cabinet programs.
I use Smartlister also, it works.
For straight cabinet work the only real choices are Microvellum or Cabinetvision, as these programs allow very fast design time and organization. Cabinetvision does not do real custom. Microvellum is for big shops.
Again I agree regarding microvellum and CV for cabinet work. But serious custom work/shopfitting is not an option (at least from what I have seen). Hopefully you can see the image I have tried to attach. This is a project completed earlier this year. Its a sushi restaurant with a conveyor system which takes the food around the store to the customers. So around the conveyor belt we manufactured the belt top (2 layers of 18mm MDF with walnut laminate and solid walnut edge), the panels above and below. To the left of the image is a wall panel which is a 12mm back board with several dados to accept strips of walnut veneered MDF. At the other end of the site there is booth seating.
As much as possible goes through the CNC and has acad drawings to go with them.
I should clarify that cabinet work is defiantly not the bulk of our work. Maybe 25% max hence why I was looking at solidwork.
Working in 2D autocad is great for flexibility but it is often difficult to identify mistakes until parts are cut and assembled
The type of stuff you are doing is similar to what we do in that we do a lot of integration of wood and metal work.
With all due respect to Snaglpuss Solidworks is easier to learn than Autocad.
Jack I did the same stuff as you, sushi bars, theme restaurants, store fixtures, etc
The question is which software is the most efficient and getting the parts into the shop. I think 3d software is, but a lot of people disagree with me.
Cabinet Vision will definitely not work for you. I could not get the Microvellum guys to demonstrate (not just say) doing this type of work. SW was great at drawing but weak at locating the holes in the parts and getting the parts out of the assembly and into the CNC, it also was a pain, in that the parametrics created problems in copying assemblies. The last version I used was 2003 so I'm sure a lot has changed. And I'm sure lots of people will say "everything has changed" since then. My advise would be to LOOK, DO NOT LISTEN. MAKE them do whatever you want.
In about 2007 I switched to Smartlister. And would not consider going back to SW. Because the copying problem was no longer a problem, parametrics were no longer a problem, getting the parts out of Smartlister and into the CNC is infinetly easier, there are tools in Smartlister that allows you to put the holes into the assembly.
I would recommend looking at Microvellum because it has global parametrics which are useful on bigger jobs. E.G. you can say give me the parts for just room 128. Or you can say change the veneer in Room 128 to banana wood. You can also make the jobs into products so that you can make certain dimensions parametric for future use. But you are also looking at what 30k to 50k verses less than 10k. So it depends on the volume you are doing.
I use SolidWorks on a daily basis for most of our cabinet work and have been using it since 2003 for mechanical design.
SW will not help with the problem of transferring changes to CAM unless you're using something like MasterCAM for SolidWorks which plugs into SW and associates machining to the solid model in real time. Every time you make a change to your model you need to reexport to your CAM.
The way I set up my models is that I create each part of a cabinet, put them into an assembly, and create holes and dados in the context of the assembly. That way if I change the size of any of the parts the hole locations, etc. update accordingly. After I've got all my parts complete I export a DXF of each one, then import into my CAM and apply machining ops. Since I started in this field last year I've come up with a workflow that is fairly fast by storing commonly used machining operations in a library and simply copying and pasting operations as necessary. Similarly, I frequently reuse my SW models. If I know I've done something similar I just make a copy and then change the copy to what I need.
I've never dealt with edgebanding as our bander has premill. What you could do is add the banding as a separate body in the part, then when you export the face of your panel the band would be excluded. You could also split the face you're exporting. This may be simpler as it allows you to model parts at finished sizes without having to deal with the separate body.
If you need to have a .2mm offset for your dados create them in context with the offset in your sketch.
I put all my holes in using the Hole Wizard function by editing the parts, again, in the context of the assembly. It can be a little tedious, but there are ways to automate the process. In the last few releases SW has added some nice pattern features that, used correctly, can speed up your workflow.
I spent 6-1/2 years doing mechanical drawings full time with SW. Currently I use it mainly for modeling, but I also do drawings occasionally. It's not really suited for architectural work. I mainly use it for standalone fixtures which is the core of our business. (Due to the nature of our business I can't share drawings, or I'd be happy to upload some.) The drawing process in SW is very simple. Once your model is created you insert views in a drawing and then add dimensions.
I've looked seriously at Pathfinder PBE and if it was up to me we'd buy it, but I don't have the checkbook. While I have found ways to speed up my workflow something like Pathfinder would significantly reduce my workload. I'd also like to have Cabinet Vision for doing generic box work and layout, but again I don't control the finances.
I'm a huge fan of SW. I have used other CAD packages, but SW hits the sweet spot for me especially for doing custom work. I'd avoid AutoCAD or Microvellum which is built on top of ACAD. SW has a great set of tutorials which can get you up and running quickly. In a lot of ways it's more power than you need for cabinetry, but you'll always have the capability if you need it. Another thing you might want to consider is Onshape which is a cloud based 3D modeling package. It's still lacking some capabilities that I use on a daily basis, but when those issues are ironed out I'll probably switch to it.
We just got a CNC for solid wood machining (NOT cabinets). Some of y'all ou mentioned you had looked at Pathfinder. What about PASCAM or SWOOD? - two other woodwork plugins for SW.
We had TopSolid'Wood at our last factory and it is wonderful for integrated CAD/CAM but so expensive and such a small user base that it makes it hard to get answers in forums.
Some people talked about Mastercam INSIDE of SW... Any thoughts on the other plugins or Mastercam with SW?
i want parametric design and as integrated with CAM as possible.
bonus would be 4th axis capability - we have a side mounted rotary lathe axis too - but we could run this on another software.


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Chris Brown's BET breakdown: the 'coulds' and 'shoulds' of forgiveness
One thing is certain: Chris Brown is an amazing dancer. The four minutes and thirty seconds that preceded his now-controversial weeping session at Sunday's BET Awards demonstrated the talent sidelined by his recent exile from the entertainment mainstream.
Paying tribute to Michael Jackson, to whom he has often been compared, the 21-year-old R&B star put his own firm stamp on the King of Pop's signature moves. MJ was lighter than air; CB firmly connected to the ground, his beefier frame making those foot stamps more territorial, the hip thrusts more blatantly virile, the arms reaching toward heaven more attitudinal. Brown pushed himself with this performance. The aggressiveness he radiated may not have been a conscious choice, but honestly, it worked.
Then Brown cried. His tears had a bitter tinge; he shook his head and pushed the weeping toward a shout. This breakdown, which prevented Brown from singing "Man in the Mirror," the song that ended the Jackson medley through which he'd otherwise only danced, has become Monday's most hotly debated media moment. (We need one a day, in the Twitter age.) Was Brown, attempting a comeback a year after pleading guilty to felonious assault of his former girlfriend, the singer Rihanna, faking remorse? Did the memory of Jackson and his own struggles with scandal overwhelm him? Or were the cheers from the crowd what set him off -- that taste of what his crime cost him?
Such questions intrigue those of us who habitually engage in the celebrity dramas of the 24-hour tabloid age. Yet the media response to Brown's onstage behavior, mostly focusing on the sincerity of his outburst, seems to me to miss an important point. The thorniest question isn't whether Brown is honestly seeking forgiveness, or whether he's forgiven himself. It's whether a route to redemption that still acknowledges reality can be found.
How can Brown, whose appeal is based on his relationship to women, regain his position without asking women to forget not only what he did but what that act symbolizes? That question turns the focus on the audience, and on the industry that frames Brown's return to the public eye.
Watching Brown's performance, I was intrigued by the cutaway shots of rapt fans, captured by the BET cameras. Those shown in close-up were mostly women of color, cheering, nearly crying themselves. One mouthed an exclamation that was like a prayer: oh my God.
The implication was that Brown's heavily female fan base is ready to cheer him past his period of probation, even if he hasn't fully completed his legal sentence. Brown went on to claim a fan-determined BET award, beating out 2010's darling Justin Bieber, among others. The message was firm: urban music fans want Chris Brown to flourish. So do artists like Mary J. Blige, who Tweeted "God is merciful" after his performance.
That's not really surprising. Pop stars of all kinds, not to mention actors, sports stars and even the occasional politician, are often quickly forgiven after engaging in morally questionable behavior. What makes Brown's case sticky, though, is that target audience, and the nature of his music and public persona.
Brown is a heartthrob, the kind of idol who teaches young girls what's appropriate in love. His hits, such as the yearning "With You" and his duet with his imaginary Juliet, Jordin Sparks, "No Air," have bottled the overflowing earnestness of beginner-level love. When he got racy with the full-grown and lecherous pop star T-Pain in the video for his "Kiss Kiss," Brown wore a schoolboy's outfit: He was a family kind of star. Even his rehabilitation after his crime against Rihanna began with the viral rise of a family video that showed a Midwestern couple dancing down the aisle to Brown's swirling ballad "Forever."
Brown's image and the content of his music aim to soften people's hearts. He's not a pro athlete, required by his job to be physically confrontational; nor is he a "bad boy" rapper, hard rocker or country outlaw, with some edge of violence built into his image. That might be one reason (along with Rihanna's own fame) that his misdeed caused such a furor, while other cases of celebrity violence are more easily ignored and quickly forgotten. Brown's very real violation of Rihanna's trust was also a violation of our fantasies.
No one wants this kind of pop hero to sport a serious moral scar. R. Kelly, recently acquitted of child pornography charges, survived 6 1/2 years of that scandal partly because he's an outrageous personality; whether his fans fully believed in the innocence the court has now declared, his blatantly sexual music allowed for a way to absorb his questionable moral decisions. A similar case could be made about Bret Michaels or Gene Simmons, hard-rock rogues who flaunt their philandering and sexual objectification of women on reality television and emerge all the more lovable for it.
Sexuality is complicated, and pop music expresses its negatives as well as its healthy side. It's also a realm where individuals express their personalities directly through their music; a star's actions onstage can never fully be separated from his conduct offstage. Though violence can never be condoned, in some corners it's more easily contextualized. That's the only way I can explain how certain titans of heavy metal well known for abusing underage groupies never fell from grace, or why the journalist Elizabeth Mendez Berry received as much hate mail as praise for her groundbreaking 2005 Vibe magazine piece about domestic violence in rap.
Chris Brown's actions, however, shattered his image and destroyed the main function of his music. It's hard to imagine how he can move back into his role as a teen dream, now that he's admitted doing something no young woman would want done to her. (Not to mention the parents of girls who might have crushes on this handsome and smooth, if eager to reform, criminal.) The BET performance was problematic precisely because it felt like a bid to be washed clean, and because the audience members shown seemed ready with the baptismal water. Whatever Brown does, however sincerely remorseful he is, he can't go back. He will forever be in recovery.
To acknowledge this is not to condemn Brown as an artist. He has another choice: to not only admit to the darker impulses he unleashed against Rihanna that night in February 2009, but to make art from the soul-searching he's done since that confrontation. Brown needs to become a fully adult artist now, and to live publicly with the contradictions his actions exposed. His audience needs to ask that from him.
To that end, if you find Brown's performance on the Web somewhere, don't just watch the tears. Notice the intensity of that dance -- its anger as well as its precision. Realize that Chris Brown is a man who, like any man, must confront every aspect of the power he holds. Expect that from him. He should be up to the challenge.
-- Ann Powers
Top photo: Chris Brown at his arraignment on March 5, 2009. Credit: AP Photo/ Bob Chamberlin, Pool. Middle photo: Chris Brown at the BET Awards. Credit: Associated Press


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While growing up in an African-American Baptist church, Harris Thomas was taught homosexuality is an "abomination in the eyes of God." As a young minister, he disparaged the gay lifestyle even while secretly pursuing it. Today he heads a Baltimore church that serves gay Christians of color "right where they are."
Grace Harley, too, grew up in a mainstream black church. She discovered the gay underground as a teen and lived as a lesbian for nearly 20 years. But God freed her from homosexuality, she says, a "blessing" she gladly recounts as a straight minister based in Silver Spring.
Both longtime Marylanders began their spiritual journeys in a similar place, as black Christians who felt strong same-sex attractions. Both faced rejection from family and community, and particularly forceful disapproval from fellow African-Americans, a group whose values have long been shaped by conservative religious thinking. But on a key question of the day, Thomas and Harley could not be more different.
As Maryland's same-sex marriage referendum looms next month, Elder Harris Thomas, 57, the openly gay pastor of the Unity Fellowship Church of Baltimore, backs "marriage equality." The Rev. Grace Harley of Fruit of the Spirit Baptist Church in Washington, D.C., 58, opposes it. Both have arrived at their views at a steep price.
Recent polls indicate the Nov. 6 vote on Question 6 could go either way. If nothing else, it will pit African-Americans' usually reliable support for Democratic causes against traditional elements of social conservatism. Thomas and Harley have never met, but their tales of struggle expose the emotions at the heart of a debate that could split a major voting bloc in two.
Black, Christian and gay
It can border on the perilous being black, Christian and gay in America. The predicament has a long history.
African-Americans have deep spiritual roots in the evangelical tradition of Christianity, a broad school of faith incorporating the Pentecostal, Baptist and African Methodist traditions, among others, and stressing biblical authority.
Evangelicals tend to read Scripture literally, religious historians say, and at first glance, the Bible seems to leave little room for tolerance of homosexuality.
"Both the Old and New Testament speak out strongly against homosexuality," says the Rev. Emmett C. Burns Jr., a Baptist pastor and Maryland delegate who has been a vocal opponent of same-sex marriage in the state. "To interpret it otherwise is to rewrite what God means."
Burns, an African-American who leads a predominantly black congregation, says he hits that point so hard in church because he fears children will be learning that gay relationships and heterosexual ones are equivalent. "There absolutely is a difference between them," he says. "There is no other counsel to give except what the Bible says."
According to recent polls, support for such views has softened of late. A Baltimore Sun poll found black support for the measure has increased from 33 percent to 51 percent in Maryland since March. But opposition remains considerable, at 25 percent.
It's a remnant of the slavery era, says the Rev. Cedric Harmon, an African-American pastor who is co-director of Many Voices, a Washington, D.C., nonprofit that advocates for same-sex marriage within the black church.
First, Harmon says, black preachers were among the first African-Americans who could read, and their interpretive skills were rudimentary. Second, slaveholders abused black sexuality so badly, it took hundreds of years for their descendants to develop a healthy sense of self.
As they did so, he believes, a culture developed inside and outside the church that scorned behaviors that might be seen as aberrant. He wonders whether African-American men adopted a culture of machismo at that early stage.
"Literal readings can lend themselves to condemning and ostracizing interpretations," Harmon says. "Now that many of us have gone to seminary and studied those scriptures, that language has begun to lessen a bit. But that doesn't diminish the intensity of what many people have gone through."
Imperfect sanctuary
For many years, life contained a cruel irony for Harris Thomas: What gave him sanctuary also cut him to the core.
He grew up in a rough section of Philadelphia, where the neighborhood boys liked to roughhouse, play sports and hang out. He preferred spending time with girls and skipping rope.
"I didn't like basketball or football at all, but I could do a mean double-dutch," Thomas says, laughing. "I was very effeminate."
At the time, there was nothing funny about his situation. In grade school, he endured regular homophobic taunts. Older boys made sexual threats. At home, even family members mocked him.
Mostly he just wanted to be left in peace. What he really enjoyed was church.
He was raised in a Baptist family that read the Word. Even as a child, he loved the feeling of community at church services, the uplifting choir music and the sense of brotherhood the Bible seemed to radiate. Being a Christian seemed a good way to be humane. But not every aspect was fun.
His pastor often cited portions of the Bible like Genesis 19 (Sodom and Gomorrah), Leviticus 18:22 ("Do not have sexual relations with a man as one does with a woman; that is detestable") and I Corinthians 6 ("Neither the sexually immoral nor … men who have sex with men … will inherit the kingdom of God").
As often as not, he'd round out his readings with homophobic slurs. The other churchgoers hollered "Amen!"
"I never heard anyone, man or woman, question that," Thomas says.
The hatred even seeped into his family. His own older brother, a macho type, often smacked him on the hands and face and told him to "man up."
His father, a drinker with a bad temper, took things even further.
"I'm ashamed of you," he'd say, disparaging what he saw as his son's homosexual behavior. "Do you know you're the black sheep of this family? I'd rather you were dead."
The boys' mother moved them to Washington, D.C., but if Harris thought God would rescue him, he was in for a surprise.
Men's clothes, cute women
The pressure on Grace Harley mounted more slowly. As a child growing up in South Carolina, she had less sense of her sexual identity.
She, too, grew up in a religious family. Her grandfather had moved south to plant churches. Her father was a Baptist deacon, her mother so devout she held services in the home.
The family loved worship so much that they found time to attend both Baptist and Pentecostal services. "I was a Bapticostal," Harley says.
To Grace, church mainly meant something that kept her parents so busy they sometimes missed meals. And it probably was a factor behind the way they avoided talking about an uncle who had moved away (he later came out as gay) and warned her away from her strikingly masculine female cousin. "They thought she'd rub off on me," Harley says.
In retrospect, she believes the signs were evident. She disliked her mother and adored her father, to the point of wanting to wear his clothes. She developed a crush on a female teacher. By the time she and her mother moved to Washington, D.C., when she was in middle school, she realized she lacked any attraction to boys.
She did date a few, she says, to conform to intense social pressure. By 17, she had two sons. But mostly she remembers feeling adrift. "I had relationships with boys and men, but it was going through the motions," she says. "You knew you weren't loving it, but what was loving it? You had no idea."
What brought things together was a TV show.
It was 1973, the year the board of the American Psychiatric Association voted to remove homosexuality from its list of psychiatric disorders. A local TV station ran a five-part documentary on Washington's gay subculture.
"I had never heard of any of this," she says. By series' end, she'd met a cast of characters who reminded her of herself.
That Friday night, Harley says, she went to her closet, grabbed the most masculine clothes she could find and made her way to a gay bar. "For the first time, I felt I was where I belonged," she days. She spent the next 18 years chasing "cute little women," having the time of her life.
Pride and fall
As a teen in Washington in the mid-1960s, Thomas found himself nervously seeking male attention. Though there was no visible gay community to approach, a few close friends told him where to meet guys downtown. At school, he tried dating a girl, but it went nowhere. A thought began to take shape: He could live as a gay man or a black Christian, but not both.
He resolved to become a minister, in time training in two old-school traditions. A Maryland bishop, Stella V. Mack, ordained him in the Pentecostal faith and added him to the staff at Holy Cross in Capitol Heights. He was there all day every Sunday, directing the choir, heading the youth ministry, counseling kids on relationships.
He enjoyed it so much he sometimes forgot he was living a lie.
He met a minister from another church, a believer named Brenda. She knew his secret, but he promised he was trying to change, and he meant it. They prayed together. They got married, even had a daughter. But he couldn't stop visiting gay haunts.
After trysts, he'd repair to the bathroom, clean himself up and pray to be delivered. At church, when preachers attacked homosexuality, he'd join the "Amens."
A tall man with a welcoming manner, he reclines in a chair in his brightly colored office in the storefront church on Old York Road, folding his hands atop an African cane he uses.
"I couldn't let the others see I was different," he says, his eyes a little distant at the memory. "I was applauding my own condemnation. How self-hating and desperate is that?"
By 1998, the conflict was so great he resolved to come out, but only a bit at a time. One night he decided to officiate at a friend's same-sex mock wedding. That went all right. But when he took a friend to Black Pride D.C., he had no clue a TV crew would be on hand, that he'd star on the evening news.
He resigned at Holy Cross, of course, a shock after 27 years. Friends and family stopped calling. His wife and daughter left him. "What kind of God would treat a person this way?" he thought. A few days later, he did the kind of thing Harmon says still occurs far too often in the gay African-American community: He made his way to the medicine cabinet and downed every pill he had.
Pulling over
For someone who thought she'd found the answer, Grace Harley, too, came to a point where she felt the ground rumbling beneath her. She never saw the tremors coming.
It was a life of happy oblivion, those 18 years. She hung out in clubs, did cocaine and drank more than she ever had. She even came to a conclusion she found pleasing — that nature had made a mistake with her, wiring her like a man.
In the early 1990s, as the gay culture took hold, she gave herself full permission to act and dress like one. She dated lots of girls, and the atmosphere was electric.
And church? At 15, Harley had announced to her family she would never go again. The closest she came was making sure friends took her two boys to Sunday school.
Her spirituality returned to her through an unexpected medium — a same-sex relationship. In 1992, she found herself in one that, for the first time, transcended the physical. She began to wonder whether their attraction was right in the eyes of God, and Harley did not want to sin with someone she loved.
Her partner, she says, sensed a change in her. "One morning, my girlfriend woke up, looked at me and said, 'You're different.' She was right. From that day to now, I've had no fantasies or attractions to women. Not one."
The "ex-gay" movement is so controversial it's hard to get those within it to talk on the record. California lawmakers even voted this month to ban "conversion therapy" — an approach by which counselors, often Christian ones, attempt to "cure" gays of their homosexuality — for minors in the state. People who publicly advocate the conversion approach often meet with protest.
Harley believes fervently that one can become an "ex-gay" — it has happened to her, she says, so contrary to popular belief, it can happen — but she experienced no such indoctrination.
The change wasn't always so pleasant. Like a stage in detox, it left her in need. One day, Harley says, she found herself driving on Interstate 495, overwhelmed with a sense of sorrow. She pulled over to the shoulder as the traffic raced by. "God, why did you let me deceive myself?" she cried out.
At times, she says, she felt so empty she didn't want to live. She, too, contemplated ways of taking her life. Like Thomas, she found something new through the pain.
A potent message of faith and rebirth radiates through much of Christianity: "If you cling to your life, you'll lose it," Jesus says in the Gospel of Luke. "If you let your life go, you'll save it."
Thomas and Harley lived this paradox. It wasn't until they reached the brink that they learned what they really believed.
Doctors guessed Thomas would die. If not, they told his mother, he would lose all brain function. He woke up after three days.
When he looked around his hospital room, he says, he was surrounded by friends and family, all the ones who had abandoned him. "Why did you go and do that?" they said. "We love you."
Thomas had a strange reaction. Their opinions no longer seemed to affect him. He found he could move his limbs and could speak. He had taken every bit of his anguish and thrown it at God, and the Creator seemed to telling him, in effect, "I heard it all, Harris, and I'm sustaining you."
"For the first time in my life," he says, "I knew God loved me."
He spent the next three years studying something he never realized existed — a theology he sees as more fully in keeping with 21st-century thought.
"In Leviticus 18, it also says you shouldn't eat pork or shellfish," he says. "Why do we get to be selective in what we obey and what we don't? God should be about relationships, about how we show love for each other."
In 2000, he founded the Unity Fellowship Church of Baltimore, the local branch of a nationwide movement ministering principally to gay, lesbian and transgendered people of color. The congregation of 150 meets in a rented space on Old York Road, where Thomas preaches, has a busy counseling ministry and works with colleagues to promote the law to legalize same-sex marriage.
He commutes from Washington, where he lives with his longtime male partner. He has been a vocal supporter of same-sex marriage in Maryland, though he said other pastors at his church have been more active in the cause.
Harley had her own resurrection. A friend gave her a tape by the evangelist T.D. Jakes, and she loved how his Dallas megachurch helped domestic abuse victims and featured ministry work tailored to women. Reading more, she learned he held an annual conference called "Woman, Thou Art Loosed."
The reference, to Luke 13, almost floored her. It tells of how Jesus speaks to a woman who had been "crippled" for 18 years, laid his hands on her said, "You are freed from your infirmity." The woman stood and walked. Harley went on to become an ordained minister.
She counsels gay, lesbian and transgendered individuals in the Washington area and around the country, offering prayers for deliverance from what she calls the dangerous deceit of homosexuality. She has an Internet TV show, "God's Will & Grace." She speaks out against same-sex marriage.
To those who call her ministry intolerant, Harley says it can work, given a kind heart, and in any case, she's more concerned with people's eternal souls than their momentary reactions. "This life only lasts a moment," she says. "God's love is forever."
Elder Harris Thomas
Age: 57
Hometown: Philadelphia
Current residence: Washington, D.C.
Occupation: Pastor of Unity Fellowship Church of Baltimore, the local branch of a nationwide movement ministering principally to gay, lesbian and transgendered people of color. He preaches, has a busy counseling ministry and works with colleagues to promote the law to legalize same-sex marriage.
Question 6: Supports
The Rev. Grace Harley
Age: 58
Hometown: Washington, D.C.
Current residence: Silver Spring
Occupation: Pastor of Fruit of the Spirit Baptist Church in Washington, D.C.; she counsels gay, lesbian and transgendered individuals in the Washington area and around the country, offering prayers for deliverance from what she calls the dangerous deceit of homosexuality. She has an Internet TV show, "God's Will & Grace."
Latest Maryland
Question 6: Opposes


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Should medical students bypass primary care for more lucrative subspecialty careers so that they can better afford to repay student loans? The question is an important one considering that the nation's looming primary care shortage is on a collision course with escalating medical education debt levels.
Authors of a recent study published online by the Association of American Medical College's (AAMC's) Academic Medicine and titled "Can Medical Students Afford to Choose Primary Care? An Economic Analysis of Physician Education Debt Repayment(journals.lww.com)" found that in 2011, medical school indebtedness was almost 3.5 times greater than it was in 1978.
More specifically, 86 percent of 2011 medical school graduates had education debt at graduation, and that debt averaged more than $161,000. Twenty-three percent of students with debt -- those who attended private medical schools -- graduated with outstanding loans of $250,000 or more.
The authors put the debt issue for newly minted physicians in perspective: "In the mid-1990s, very few indebted medical school graduates had education debt even approaching $162,000; for the class of 2011, this amount was the median."
- The United States faces a shortage of primary care physicians at the same time that medical education debt levels are escalating.
- Many experts assume that medical students make specialty choices based on debt levels and bypass primary care for more lucrative subspecialties.
- Researchers assessed the actual economics of loan repayment in the context of a physician's household income and expenses.
- Authors concluded that primary care remains a viable choice for graduates with median levels of debt; those with high debt levels should consider additional debt repayment strategies.
The researchers said they used financial planning software and publically available data from federal and local agencies, real estate sources, and national organizations "to assess the actual economics of loan repayment in the context of a physician's household income and expenses to determine whether education debt level should affect specialty choice."
They concluded that primary care remains a financially viable career choice for medical school graduates with median levels of education debt; however, graduates pursuing primary care with higher debt levels need to consider additional strategies to support repayment.
Study Methods
Researchers analyzed 384 different financial scenarios for a fictional indebted family -- a physician, his or her spouse and two children -- and looked at the couple's finances during the course of a lifetime. The researchers' aim was to assess the physician's ability to repay education debt without incurring additional debt.
Authors tinkered with a number of elements in their various models, including debt levels of $150,000, $200,000, $250,000 and $300,000; 16 repayment plans; and three separate career tracks in two locations: Boston and Denver.
They considered various repayment scenarios for their fictitious physician, including participation in
- debt forbearance (no payment due from the borrower but interest accrual during residency);
- income-based repayment (the borrower's repayment is linked to his or her income);
- federal loan forgiveness and repayment programs, such as the National Health Service Corps; and
- public service loan forgiveness (the borrower's remaining loan balance is canceled after he or she has made monthly payments for 10 years while employed at a nonprofit organization).
Authors also modeled scenarios in which the physician participated in the standard 10-year loan repayment plan, as well as an extended 25-year loan repayment plan.
AAMC Tool Helps Analyze Repayment Scenarios
Need help sorting through medical education loan repayment details?
Check out an online tool offered by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). The Medloans Organizer and Calculator(www.aamc.org) was developed specifically for medical students and residents to provide a secure location to organize and track loans and calculate repayment plans using user-specific loan information.
Currently enrolled medical students, as well as graduates and medical school administrators of AAMC-member medical schools, enjoy free access to all features and functionalities of the tool after signing in with an AAMC username and password.
All site visitors have free access to limited features of the tool.
Making Sense of the Data
In an interview with AAFP News Now, corresponding author and AAMC Senior Education Analyst Jay Youngclaus, M.S., said that many experts assume that debt influences medical students' specialty choices, even though no definitive proof exists to back up that assertion.
"We tracked the future income and expenses of a physician household with two incomes to see how manageable repaying different debt levels would be" because we wanted to know if debt should play a defining role in decision making regarding specialty choice, said Youngclaus.
"Regardless of the degree to which education debt and/or income expectations influence specialty choice, medical students and new physicians should understand the long-term financial implications of their career choices," he added.
"Our study findings could be used by medical students considering primary care to help them consider their options on how to carefully and strategically repay their school loans. Hopefully, the study will help show those students they can pursue primary care -- if that is the right choice for them -- regardless of their debt level," said Youngclaus.
Questions to Ponder
Family physician John Wiecha, M.D., M.P.H., another of the study's four authors, serves as director of the Office of Medical Education at the Boston University School of Medicine. He is also assistant dean for academic affairs and an associate professor in the department of family medicine.
Wiecha said that even though the study data show that, theoretically, a medical student with above average debt could repay that debt, medical students and residents should go into such a situation "with their eyes wide open."
Wiecha listed questions that students or residents with high debt levels -- particularly those with debt of $250,000 or more -- should ask themselves.
- Are you willing to enroll in a loan repayment program?
- What are your chances of obtaining a National Health Service Corps slot?
- Can you find an attractive loan repayment option from another payer, such as a hospital, community, state agency or private nonprofit organization?
- Do you see yourself working part time, and if so, will a part-time salary support your repayment?
- Do you have a partner, and if so, what is his or her debt situation?
- Are you willing to engage in an income-based repayment or public-service loan forgiveness program?
- Can you to commit to working for a nonprofit?
- Are you flexible enough in your living plans that you can avoid areas of the country associated with a high cost of living?
- Can you find a practice with high income potential?
- Are you willing to pay back your loans during an extended period and thus incur much larger interest payments?
Wiecha's final point is no small one. According to the study, a student borrowing $250,000 with an extended 25-year repayment plan would face a total repayment amount of more than $750,000.
"These are not minor trade-offs and, for many people, might not be acceptable or affordable," said Weicha.
Indeed, study authors as a whole concluded that each repayment option had its own set of trade-offs.
The study is scheduled to appear in the Jan. 13 print issue of Academic Medicine.
Related ANN Coverage
U.S. Medical Students' Education Debt Level Holds Steady Three Years Running
Fixed Interest Rates Are Possible Contributor, Says AAMC
First-year Enrollment at U.S. Medical Schools Rising
Residency Training Slots Insufficient to Meet Demand
More From AAFP
Debt Management: Before Applying to Medical School
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Rancher sentenced in case of murdered US nun
SAO PAULO (AP) -- A Brazilian rancher charged with ordering the 2005 slaying of American nun and Amazon defender Dorothy Stang has been sentenced to 30 years in prison for homicide.
Vitalmiro Bastos de Moura had been tried three times before and sentenced to up to 30 years in prison, but his lawyers appealed and the Supreme Court annulled Moura's latest conviction. The high court said he wasn't given enough time to prepare his defense during the 2010 trial.
The state prosecutor's office said the 43-year-old Moura is in the same prison he's been held in since 2010.
Local media quoted Stang's brother David, who was present at the trial, as saying: "Justice has been made. I am very happy."
Phone calls and an emailed request for comment from David Stang went unanswered Friday.
Prosecutors contend that Moura and another rancher hired gunmen to kill Stang. The defense said there wasn't enough evidence linking Moura to the crime and planned to appeal.
After beginning Thursday morning, the lightning-quick trial ended late that night in a state court in Belem, the capital of the violence-wracked Amazonian state of Para. State prosecutors said the trial moved quickly because it was Moura's fourth and most of the legal processes had been taken care of in previous trials.
Regivaldo Galvao, another rancher also charged with planning Stang's murder, was sentenced to a 30-year jail term in 2010. Last year, the Supreme Court ordered his release, saying he had the right to remain free pending the outcome of his appeal process.
Earlier this year, Stang's confessed killer was released from prison after serving less than nine of the 27 years he was sentenced to. A Para state judge said Rayfran das Neves Sales was entitled to serve the rest of his sentence under house arrest.
Another man charged with taking part in Stang's killing is in prison, and a fifth suspect is at large.
Stang was born in Dayton, Ohio, and spent three decades trying to preserve the rain forest and defend the rights of poor settlers who confronted powerful ranchers seeking their lands in the Amazon's wild frontier. Stang was gunned down with six shots fired at close range from a revolver.
The northern Brazilian state of Para is notorious for land-related violence, contract killings, slave-like labor conditions and wanton environmental destruction.
More than 1,200 activists, small farmers, judges, priests and others have been killed over attempts to preserve the rain forest in the last two decades, according to the Catholic Land Pastoral, a watchdog group that tracks rural violence in Latin America's largest nation.
The killings are mostly carried out by gunmen hired by loggers, ranchers and farmers to silence protests over illegal logging and land rights. Yet killings over land are seldom punished.


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This world-famous Oxford English Dictionary and Thesaurus package contains over 600,000 main entries, offering rich vocabulary coverage, with full treatment of World English, rare, historical, archaic, scientific and technical vocabulary with helpful grammar notes and usage examples. It provides comprehensive, reliable help for all writing needs and crossword solving. The synonyms and antonyms include unusual and specialist vocabulary as well as everyday words, and there is clear labeling of informal, dialect, literary and technical items, including over 400 thematic lists providing information on a wide range of subjects.
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Human Voice - American English


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Womens Timberland Courmayeur Valley 6" Boot - Taupe
Style #: 538130
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