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The Daily Rundown's Chuck Todd reports on a statement that may significantly damage Mitt Romney's presidential campaign.
New video caps off a brutal last three weeks for Romney… In fact, it's as rough of a stretch as we can remember for any recent presidential candidate, especially this close to the election… Just who are the 47% Romney was talking about?... Romney calls press conference to respond to the video, but did that make things worse?... The unintended consequence of all of this: Expect more scripted and bland politicos… It's NBC/WSJ poll day!... Romney camp goes up with new TV ad playing to female voters… And Romney's sparse battleground state schedule.
*** Romney's brutal last three weeks: All campaigns have their ups and downs, but the last three weeks for Mitt Romney have been about as brutal as we can remember for any presidential candidate, especially this close to the election. First, the biggest speech of Romney's life got overshadowed by the Clint Eastwood stunt. Then came President Obama's significant bounce in the polls after the two political conventions. After that, Romney found himself on the defensive for his reaction to embassy attacks in Egypt and Libya. Next, Politico reported about infighting and disorganization inside the Romney campaign. Finally, all of these events were capped off yesterday by the surreptitiously recorded video of Romney -- provided to the liberal magazine Mother Jones and later to NBC News -- telling wealthy donors that "47%" of the country "who are dependent on government" and "who believe they are victims" will vote for Obama no matter what. What is so potentially deadly about this video is the timing, because it comes as the Romney campaign was already viewed to be behind and in crisis. Back in late July, we wrote that the presidential contest had entered halftime with Obama leading, 14-13. Now after the 3rd Quarter (the Ryan pick, the conventions, and post-convention period), Obama has scored two uncontested touchdowns, bringing it to 28-13. And now we head to the 4th Quarter (the debates).
*** Other rough stretches and timing is everything: The only recent presidential candidates we can remember having as rough of a stretch as Romney is right now -- so close to the election -- were John Kerry's tough August (the Swift Boat campaign), John McCain's difficult mid-September to mid-October (Lehman's collapse, Palin going rogue), and Howard Dean right before and after the Iowa caucuses (his criticism of the caucus system, the Dean scream). Of course, Barack Obama had his own rough period (Jeremiah Wright, clinging to guns and religion), but those happened in March and April, giving him plenty of time to recover for the general election. But don't think Obama didn't pay a price in the primaries for those comments; he lost the Pennsylvania primary, and lost later primaries by even BIGGER margins (see West Virginia and Kentucky). Which brings us back to Romney: Timing is everything in politics. Had Obama's comments come out in September, do you think he would have won Pennsylvania by double digits in the general?
GOP presidential nominee Mitt Romney defended his unguarded comments, secretly recorded at a private fundraising event in May and provided to the liberal magazine Mother Jones, that shows him speaking frankly about Obama's supporters. NBC's Michael Isikoff reports.
*** Who are the 47%? The New York Times' David Brooks may very well have the best take on the Romney video from yesterday. In a column entitled "Thurston Howell Romney," Brooks writes, "The people who receive the disproportionate share of government spending are not big-government lovers. They are Republicans. They are senior citizens. They are white men with high school degrees. As Bill Galston of the Brookings Institution has noted, the people who have benefited from the entitlements explosion are middle-class workers, more so than the dependent poor." Brooks concludes with this biting line, "Personally, I think he's a kind, decent man who says stupid things because he is pretending to be something he is not — some sort of cartoonish government-hater. But it scarcely matters. He's running a depressingly inept presidential campaign." Indeed, while nearly 47% of the country doesn't pay federal income taxes, many of these folks DO pay payroll, state, and local taxes. What's more, a lot of them are seniors, and most of them would never describe themselves as dependent on government even if they were.
*** Did calling a press conference make things worse? Romney responded to the video by holding an impromptu press conference last night in California. Per NBC's Garrett Haake, Romney said his comments in that video were "not elegantly stated," but he also didn't distance himself from the remarks. "Of course individuals are going to take responsibility for their life, and my campaign is about helping people take more responsibility and becoming employed again." But here's the question we have: Why did Romney call a press conference if he was going to stand by his remarks? Why not just stand by the already-released statement or release a statement saying he was inelegant? All the presser seemed to do was elevate the urgency and significance of the video and feed the belief the campaign had to respond and apologize even if they weren't going to apologize. It was a classic, "Well, we have do SOMETHING, and maybe SOMETHING is better than nothing." But he still didn't really respond to the most damning quote he made, describing 47% of the country as "victims." Candidate Obama used his "bitter" controversy to say, "Yeah, I'd be bitter too in this economy," etc. etc. Romney is more of a political survivor, he doesn't seem to know how to get himself out of jams, just waits for others to self-destruct (see GOP primary).
*** Winning over the bare minimum: There's another part of Romney's discussion about the "47%" that struck us. "My job is not to worry about those people," Romney says in the video. "I'll never convince them they should take personal responsibility and care for their lives. What I have to do is convince the 5-10% of people who are independents, that are thoughtful, that look at voting one way or the other depending upon, in some cases, emotion, whether they like the guy or not." But here's the thing, especially for the first-time nominees: There's usually an optimistic streak to all of them (Kennedy/Reagan/Clinton/W. Bush/Obama) in those initial campaigns. They struck us as candidates who wanted two-thirds of the country behind them once they got elected. Yes, they might only get 51% or 52% of the vote, but they want their post-inauguration approval rating to be in the 60s. That's where a president gets his power, especially in that first year in office. Yet here you have Romney pretty much admitting that he only wants to win over the bare minimum. It's a very cynical and defeatist attitude, more in line for someone seeking a second term, when the idealism has been washed away by the cold hearted nature of Washington. The last chunk of voters elect "new presidents" because they want to believe it'll be different. Romney is essentially conceding that if he wins, we'll still be hopelessly divided.
*** The unintended consequence: And here's a final unintended consequence of the video: It's only going to make politicians more scripted and stale. Even the folks who shell out $50,000 in contributions aren't going to see an unguarded moment from political candidates. Everything -- and we mean everything -- is going to be considered for public consumption.
*** NBC/WSJ poll day! So where does the presidential contest stand after the conventions and after last week's back-and-forth over the embassy attacks? Well, we have a brand-new national NBC/WSJ poll that comes out beginning at 6:30 pm ET.
*** Romney's newest TV ad: The Romney campaign is up with a brand-new TV ad playing to female voters. "Dear Daughter, welcome to America," the narrator says. "Your share of Obama's debt is over $50,000. And it grows every day." More: "Obama's policies are making it harder on women. The poverty rate for women – the highest in 17 years. More women are unemployed under President Obama. More than 5.5 million women can't find work. That's what Obama's policies have done for women."
*** Romney's sparse battleground state schedule: Once again, Romney today isn't campaigning in a battleground state; instead, he's raising money. Get this: Romney's last event in a battleground state was on Friday in Ohio, and it was just a single event. Compare that to Obama's two rallies yesterday in Ohio (in Cincinnati and Columbus). So that's four-straight days of Romney not being in a battleground state. In fairness, Romney was supposed to be in Colorado on Sunday, but that event got canceled after an airplane crash in the state. But time is running out for the challenger… We'll be curious to see how Romney responds to this current campaign crisis. Bill Clinton and John McCain were candidates who doubled down on campaigning; they'd ADD events to their schedule; campaigning made them feel better, made them forget their own political troubles. Does Romney need a dose of this?
NBC News airs a video featuring Donald Trump that was due to be shown at the Republican National Convention but canceled due to Hurricane Isaac. Meanwhile, the Romney campaign struggles to regain its footing after several missteps. NBC's Peter Alexander reports.
*** On the trail: Obama, in New York, tapes an interview with David Letterman and then attends two fundraisers in the Big Apple, one of which is with Jay-Z and Beyonce. And tied to the Letterman appearance, the RNC releases "Obama's Top Ten Failed Policies." … Joe Biden campaigns in Iowa…. And Paul Ryan stumps in New Hampshire and Virginia.
Countdown to 1st presidential debate: 15 days
Countdown to VP debate: 23 days
Countdown to 2nd presidential debate: 28 days
Countdown to 3rd presidential debate: 34 days
Countdown to Election Day: 49 days
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Jim Young / Reuters
Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney speaks to reporters in Los Angeles, California, September 17, 2012.


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mac & cheese
Sponsored By
Tired of Turkey? Main Course Alternatives For ThanksgivingThanksgiving is not just about turkey – especially for those who do not like or are tired of the traditional stuffed bird. Many families prefer a roast, seafood, lasagna or even a rice-based dish. Here are just four main course alternatives.

subset: commoncrawl


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Diver, cave explorer – someone who just loves to go diving at every opporutunity. 2014 has been memoroable for many reasons for Jill Heinerth. Here's why:
Any memorable dives of the year?
Diving in the rift between the Eurasian and North America tectonic plates in Iceland was a real highlight. Slinking through towering icebergs in the misty ocean near Disko Bay Greenland was unforgettable and snorkeling with ten women across the Arctic Circle was a memory I will not soon forget.
Was there anything you feel gutted you didn't do?
I traveled to Croatia for a diving event that was fabulous but I had hoped to do some significant cave diving as well. Europe was experiencing some epic flooding at the time and many of the regions for cave diving were inaccessible.
But you still went diving?
I can't really complain… I did get a couple of caves dives in any case and a terrific visit to a 1st Century Roman shipwreck. The archaeological work was being conducted by a large group of international students. I spoke to them about exploration, science and water conservation and they took me to their workplace – a Roman wreck of great significance.
Looking ahead to 2015, what's number one on your tick list?
I am heading out on for cave diving project in Cuba. If all the travel permits come in, I will be working with some scientists on documentation and exploration. I'll also do some training for local scientists who have not had access to international expertise in cave diving.
What other projects are you working on?
I am working with an artist on some potential exploration of spring caves in Turkey. Many of these locations are significant Roman archaeological sites. Margaret Tolbert, painter and conservationist, has been traveling to Turkey for almost 30 years, painting the stunning landscapes around the springs. She is rallying an inter-disciplinary team that includes artists, scientists and explorers and I look forward on developing that project with her in the coming year.
Where will you spend the holiday period?
My holidays will be spent primarily underwater. I am working on some camera testing with a colleague from National Geographic. We are going to be cave diving with some new cameras and brand new lighting technology developed by Light and Motion. We were shooting some test photos and video over Christmas. For me, that is the best present I could ask for – a chance to do more of what I love most!
All images ©Jill Heinerth


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In light of strong outrage over the MAC Rodarte makeup collection that was inspired by Ciudad Juarez, MAC executives met with Mexican government officials last night in Mexico City to apologize and to commit their global profits from the MAC Rodarte makeup collection to the Women and Girls of Juarez Initiative.
MAC President John Dempsey released a statement saying, "We are deeply sorry and apologize to everyone we offended, especially the victims, the women and girls of Juarez and their families. We have heard the response of concerned global citizens loud and clear and are doing our very best to right our wrong… M·A·C and Rodarte are committed to using these learnings to raise awareness on this important issue and to leverage our unique platform to help the women and girls of Juarez."
The brand also says that they will rename the products (some that were, like those pictuered above, named "Factory," "Juarez" and "Ghost Town" and that featured designs emulating streams of blood). The company said it will also redeisgn its marketing materials.
So tell us...


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Snow Shoveling Rules
Keeping our sidewalks free of ice and snow is the neighborly thing to do, and it's the law. For your own benefit and to help your neighbors, people pushing strollers or using wheelchairs, and the many people in Minneapolis who walk, please do your part.
Minneapolis Ordinance requires that property owners clear sidewalks after the end of a snowfall within
- 24 hours for homes and duplexes
- Four daytime hours for apartment and commercial buildings (daytime hours begin at 8 am)
When you shovel snow and clear ice
- Shovel the sidewalks on all sides of your property, the full width of the sidewalk down to the bare pavement.
- Remove all ice from sidewalks. After the sidewalk is cleared, sprinkling a little sand can help prevent slipping on frosty sidewalks.
- Pile snow into your yard and boulevard. It's against the law to shovel snow into streets and alleys.
- If you have corner property, clear curb cuts at corners and crosswalks to the street gutter. You are not required to clear snow ridges or piles left by the plows beyond the gutter – City crews sometimes return to do that, but if they can't your neighbors would appreciate it if you could clear an opening to get through.
Avoid a ticket
- If the City of Minneapolis gets a complaint or discovers that a sidewalk is not properly cleared, Public Works will inspect the sidewalk and give the property owners a chance to clear it.
- If the sidewalk has not been cleared upon re-inspection, the property owner may be issued a citation with a fine.
- Crews will remove the snow and ice from the sidewalk. Property owners will be billed for this service, and unpaid bills will be added to property tax statements.
- You are as responsible for clearing ice on your sidewalk as well as snow. Ice can be more dangerous and intimidating than snow.
- The sooner and more completely you shovel, the less likely ice will form.
- Arrange for someone to shovel while you are on vacation.
- Shovel around your garbage carts and recycling bins. If you don't, the City will do it for you and charge a fee. For information, see Solid Waste & Recycling.
Need help?
- For a fee, community groups shovel snow for senior citizens and people with disabilities. Call 211, for a list of these groups or United Way at 651-291-0211.
- The City offers free sidewalk sand for Minneapolis residents.
Want to go the extra mile?
- Report snow and ice on sidewalks.
- Are there neighbors on your street who are elderly, have a disability or may have a hard time shoveling for any reason? Work with your neighbors to give a hand and ensure your entire block is safe and accessible to all.
- Download this snow shoveling flyer (pdf) to tell others about the rules and importance of sidewalk snow clearance.
Last updated Mar 14, 2019


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President Obama took credit Saturday for new signs the recession could be winding down and said the country's future economic prosperity depends on recapturing the "spirit of innovation."
"Innovation has been essential to our prosperity in the past, and it will be essential to our prosperity in the future," Obama said Saturday in his weekly radio and Internet address, which mostly steered clear of health care -- the issue he'd pushed hard for the last two weeks.
The president cited Friday's Commerce Department report showing that in the last few months the economy overall has done "measurably better than expected." He credited his $787 billion economic stimulus program for much of that progress.
U.S. & World
"This and the other difficult but important steps that we have taken over the last six months have helped put the brakes on this recession," Obama said.
He mentioned his administration's efforts to limit home foreclosures and unlock frozen credit markets to encourage lending to people and businesses, along with the mixture of tax cuts and spending included in the stimulus program.
Obama reminded the nation that full recovery will not happen overnight, but rather will take many more months.
"Even as we rescue this economy, we must work to rebuild it stronger than before," he said. "We've got to build a new foundation strong enough to withstand future economic storms and support lasting prosperity."
That means having the best-educated, highest-skilled workers in the world, a health care system that fosters innovation by holding the line on costs, building a clean energy economy and investing in research and development, Obama said.
"It is only by building a new foundation that we will once again harness that incredible generative capacity of the American people," the president said. "All it takes are the policies to tap that potential — to ignite that spark of creativity and ingenuity — which has always been at the heart of who we are and how we succeed."
Obama said he will discuss the foundation he wants when he makes a second visit to Elkhart, Ind., on Wednesday. Layoffs in the recreational vehicle industry account for much of the job loss in northern Indiana, which is struggling with an unemployment rate near 17 percent.
"For communities like Elkhart to thrive, we need to recapture that spirit of innovation that has always moved America forward," he said.
Senior administration officials, including Vice President Joe Biden, are likely to discuss those issues during meetings Saturday to assess administration progress at the six-month mark and plot a course ahead.
Obama was headed to Camp David for the weekend, and was not expected to participate in the sessions.


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Perhaps best known for the design of the Kennedy Center and the controversial building at 2 Columbus Circle, Edward Durell Stone designed this radical house in 1959. It was meant to be a showplace for the Celanese Corporation, a manufacturer of plastics and fibers. It's present owner, Bruce Capra, purchased the house in October 2006 and performed a complete restoration along with updating.
NYT Article: Stay Put, or Move to a Modern Icon
Time Article about Edward Stone (1958): More Than Modern
Article by Fred A. Bernstein, architecture critic: Private Lives


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Dick Ebersol, a giant in the history of televised sports and entertainment, resigned from his position as the head of NBC Sports on Thursday.
Ebersol had been the face of NBC Sports since 1989, bringing all four major American pro sports to the network at times over the years. In the past decade, his division increasingly focused upon standout sporting events such as Sunday Night Football, The Triple Crown, Notre Dame football, and the NHL Winter Classic.
The biggest of these events was the Olympics, the singular global event that Ebersol devoted much of his career to attaining the rights to and continually refining coverage of.
Sports Connection
Connecting you to your favorite North Texas sports teams as well as sports news around the globe.
"What I have enjoyed most is working so closely with so many truly outstanding and incredibly talented people over decades of producing some of the greatest events in the world," Ebersol said in a statement released by NBC.
Mark Lazarus, president of the NBC Sports Cable Group, will replace Ebersol.
Ebersol's resignation - which was first reported by the New York Times and the Associated Press - comes months after Comcast's takeover of NBC Universal.


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by Matt
Mario Kart Costume Photo 6 of 10
Rate this costume:
162 votes
|1 comment · add a comment
|Costume type:
|Costumes for Adults
This homemade costume for adults entered our 2013 Halloween Costume Contest.
A word from Jennifer, the 'Mario Kart' costume creator:
This year for Halloween, My friends and I decided to be Mario and Luigi. I was Mario and she was Luigi. With my Mario costume, I built my own cart like the one Mario uses... Read more »
Similar costumes:


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Bubble Witch Saga Eternal Isles 1, Level 6
Bubbles in the beginning: 30 Magic Potions that I used: The 3 holes in the ceiling, the 7 extra bubbles and the Rainbow Bubbles
Charm noticed to be good: The Charm of Webbing (I haven't got it, but many have thanked that while scoring good at EI1-6)
Obstacles: Crystal Bubbles 12 Bomb Bubbles
1 Star = 100 000 points, 2 Stars = 140 000 points, 3 Stars = 180 000 points
Focus on bursting your way to the top on the side where you have fever openings ready made from the 3-hole-in-the-ceiling Potion. If you get lucky enough to have good clusters of at least two same colored bubbles in the ceiling at level EI 1-6 at one side of the Bomb Column, you should naturally focus on bursting your way up on that side! With nine holes to achieve, you can't really afford to go up on the wrong side, just swinging the level. Here is a two Star video with the charm of Webbing for this tactic.
It is safe to start the countdown for the Bombs, when you have 10 Bubbles left. I usually start them a bit sooner (12-15 left) or by accident ALL too soon. Patching up Bombs that are about to detonate doesn't give any Stars at this level. So you don't need to try it for yourself, I have tried it all too many times, LOLs. The amount of score that you need to get that desired one Star is ridiculous. 135 000 Points on just 37 Starting Bubbles (And that is WITH the Magic Potion) doesn't make sense.Special Tips for those STUCK ON LEVEL 6; Go back and train on level 35 and level 59, they are very similar!!!
Tips & Tricks by Carol-Anne Yard:
◾Save one rainbow ball for final shot
◾Have least 1 green spider when final ceiling bubbles dropped
◾Shoot the opposite to side where the holes are – in this case the left where there was 1 just ceiling hole
◾Potions used: 7 bubbles, 3 extra ceiling & rainbow bubbles.
◾Precision Charm
Super Tips from Bastienne:
You can heighten the level in the beginning to score better. If you do so, you will have more chances to get one Star, as you can burst many clusters in a row to get yellow and hopefully also some green spiders to drop the Bombs on in the end.
I was lucky enough to catch a Star quite soonish after entering level 6. Getting a proper video of it was even more astonishing, as I often mess up my screencasts somehow. XD.
Here is Bastienne's great Tips available as a video. You find the first video at Youtube. I am now proud to present the heighten strategy captured on video! Wohoo!
3 star charmed video by Christine Duczek


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Economic, Clinical and Quality of Life Assessment in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01694017
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : September 26, 2012
Last Update Posted : November 24, 2014
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|Drug: Tenofovir Drug: Zidovudine
|Phase 4
The drug regimen for treatment of HIV at the free ART centers in India includes stavudine/zidovudine and lamivudine with nevirapine. Approximately 20-30% of the patients on this regimen experience drug toxicity within the first six months of treatment.
The tenofovir based regimen is one of the least toxic regimens with less than 5% of patients experiencing toxicity. Tenofovir based regimen is not considered as the first choice for ART in the Indian governmental program, because it is more expensive than the other drug regimens, in spite of better clinical outcomes in resource limited settings. The cost of treatment with stavudine/zidovudine is presumed to be less expensive and is the preferred first line treatment, but we believe that although the direct cost to the government is less, patients on zidovudine/stavudine regimen have to spend more money for additional hospital visits and admissions, laboratory investigations and other medications due to ART induced toxicity.
There are no published data including economic, clinical and quality of life outcomes to compare the two regimens from India. Hence, this unblinded randomized pragmatic comparative effectiveness study will seek to identify the best treatment for HIV patients based on the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER), quality of life (QOL) and clinical outcomes.
The clinical outcomes include viral suppression, change in the CD4 and proportion of patients with toxicity and opportunistic infections. Direct costs for the treatment will be calculated. The QOL scores will be estimated and compared between the regimens using questionnaires. QOL scores and direct cost will be used as utilities for calculating ICER.
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|68 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Economic Evaluation of Treatment of HIV With Zidovudine/Stavudine and Tenofovir Regimen: A Cost Effectiveness Study
|Study Start Date :
|November 2012
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|August 2014
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|August 2014
Active Comparator: Zidovudine
zidovudine 300 mg + lamivudine 150 mg + nevirapine 200 mg , once daily, for a year
Drug: Zidovudine
zidovudine 300 mg + lamivudine 150 mg + nevirapine 200 mg , once daily, for a year
Other Names:
Active Comparator: Tenofovir
tenofovir 300 mg+ emtricitabine 200 mg + efavirenz 600 mg, once daily, for one year
Drug: Tenofovir
tenofovir 300 mg+ emtricitabine 200 mg + efavirenz 600 mg, once daily, for one year
Other Names:
- Viral suppression [ Time Frame: End of follow-up : end of 12th Month ]
- Change in CD4 levels [ Time Frame: End of Months 6 and 12 ]
- Drug related toxicity [ Time Frame: Months : 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 ]
- opportunistic infections [ Time Frame: Months: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 ]
- Direct costs [ Time Frame: Months: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 ]
- Quality of life [ Time Frame: Month 1 and end of months 4,8 and 12 ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- All treatment naïve patients above 18 years confirmed with the diagnosis of HIV
- Eligible for initiation of cART based on the National Aids Control Organization of India
- Consenting for participation and follow-up for one year.
Exclusion Criteria:
- All patients requiring hospitalization at the time of initiation of treatment
- Patients with opportunistic infections including tuberculosis
- Patients with co-morbidities like diabetes or neurological impairments
- Pregnant and breast feeding women and children less than 18 years will be excluded
- All patients living outside the catchment area of CMC and not willing for regular follow-up will be excluded
- Patients with a creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min will be excluded.
- Patients receiving other co-medications with possible interaction with tenofovir, like antifungal (voriconazole), ergot derivatives (dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, ergotamine, and methylergonovine), benzodiazepines (midazolam, triazolam), calcium channel blocker (bepridil), GI motility agent (cisapride), neuroleptic (pimozide) and St.John's wort will be excluded.
- Patients with hemoglobin less than 8 gm/dl
- Patients started on tenofovir regimen by the treating physician at the time of enrollment will be excluded
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01694017
|Christian Medical College
|Vellore, Tamilnadu, India, 632004
|Study Chair:
|Christine C Wanke, MD
|Tufts University
|Principal Investigator:
|Sowmyanarayanan V Thuppal, MD
|Tufts University
|Responsible Party:
|Christine A. Wanke, Professor of Medicine and Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|September 26, 2012 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|November 24, 2014
|Last Verified:
|November 2014
HIV,treatment,cost effectiveness,drug toxicity,QOL,costs
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Anti-HIV Agents


text:
Anyone who has fallen victim to the dreaded "porch pirates" can understand why the current smart home trend of in-home delivery of packages continues to catch on.
If you're part of the security industry, there's little doubt you haven't heard about the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) rule announced last week that started the ball rolling on the prohibition to procure certain Chinese telecommunications and video surveillance equipment.
Whomever is the culprit for all these ransomware attacks on local U.S. government entities sure is getting a ton of notoriety in the media.
On Tuesday, Aug.
It seems Joe Public is shouting "privacy here, privacy there, privacy everywhere," as people are pushing back against certain technologies that could, or people believe could, misidentify them and track, monitor and record their actions, or be the catalyst to their personal information and identi
The role of robotics within security continues to increase, as the technology can act as a force multiplier, expand the scope and effectiveness of security around and within a perimeter, including everything from small to expansive areas.
Some people are calling it "social control," some believe it's exploiting the poor; others are saying it will "
It finally happened.
Security industry confidence continues to rise with the summer temps, according to The Security Industry Association's latest Security Market Index, a bimonthly measure and outlook for the security indu
Being born in the late 70s, it's been amazing to watch the evolution of computers, the Internet, cyber and the like. I remember sitting in my junior high computer class—7th grade, I believe.
Subscribe Now
On the Editor's DeskPaul Ragusa
News and notes
Monitoring MattersGinger Hill
Guest Blog
© 2020 United Publications ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.


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Cradel' Surname Ancestry Results
Our indexes 1000-1999 include entries for the spelling 'cradel''. In the period you have requested, we have the following 1 record (displaying 1 to 1):
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cradale cradall cradarton cradcock cradcutt cradde cradden craddescumb' craddick craddin craddoc craddock craddock-jones craddocke craddocks craddok craddoke cradduck craddy crade cradelegh cradeley cradeleye cradell craden cradgenton cradick cradin crading cradle cradler cradley cradleye cradoc cradock cradock-hartopp cradock-watson cradocke cradok cradok'
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Estate Sale Companies in Tahoe City, CA
Browse estate liquidators & auctioneers in Tahoe City, CA.
B and C Estate Sales Inc. platinum
Based out of Sacramento, CA also serving areas near San Jose, CA, Reno, NV, San Francisco, CA, and 3 other cities.
Experience: 25 years
Sales posted: 180
Don't see your company in this list?
Register for an account in our estate sale provider directory today.
EstateSales.org does not endorse or recommend any of the estate liquidators listed on this site, and cannot be held responsible or liable in any way for your dealings with them. We provide this directory to assist you in locating estate sale companies. EstateSales.org does not own or operate any estate sale company, and we make no representation of any of the listings contained within this website.


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Rapidan bridge may honor fallen heroes
The bridge carrying Route 29 over the Rapidan River between the counties of Greene and Madison may soon be renamed if a bill advanced by Delegate Rob Bell continues to advance in the General Assembly. According to a release from Bell's office, HB 2401 would name the bridge "the "Fallen Heroes Memorial Bridge in Honor of Adam J. Fargo and Edwin A. Andino." The two men, from Greene and Madison, respectively, were separately killed in Iraq in 2006. (Correction: bridge location wrong in original.)
2 comments
Unless VDOT has been very busy, the Route 29 bridge crosses the Rapidan between Greene County and Madison County.
It is good to see out politicians wasting money we don't have.
How about passing a law that says teachers actually have to teach students what a frikin war here is instead of letting them bad mouth the military at every turn.


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I suppose there have been some true role models since Walter Payton. But there's never been one sweeter.
I suppose there have been some true role models since Walter Payton. But there's never been one sweeter.
This man did not need to play football to be a great man. The fact that he did, quite possibly better than anyone else ever has played it, is why he is so remembered and beloved.
But the football prowess was not the essence of the man.
Longtime readers might remember when I recalled a story of meeting Payton in Flagstaff, Ariz., of all places. He was there for a D.A.R.E. event – I bet he didn't take much more than traveling expenses – and I was literally in my first day or two as a professional sports writer.
Fresh off seeing Larry King ask Willie Mays what he was most proud of, of all the accomplishments, I stammered through the same question to Sweetness.
"My kids," he said, lighting up. "How's that?"
I can hear it like it's yesterday.
Equally as indelible in my memory was what happened a decade ago today, when Chicago Bears VIPs followed no script in taking turns at the microphone on the day Sweetness died.
Virginia McCaskey offered the most gut-wrenching, heartfelt, honest eulogy I've ever seen. It started like this: "After Brian Piccolo died, my husband, Ed, and I promised ourselves that we wouldn't get so personally involved with any of the players, and we were able to follow that resolve until Walter Payton came into our lives."
Far too much has changed since Walter came and went. Much of those changes will be evident Sunday in the hours of coverage TV spews out there about the megalomaniac to the north.
But the story in the NFC North for me will be the honoring in Chicago of a man so uninterested in personal glory, such the Brett Favre antithesis, that when he broke the hallowed Jim Brown rushing record, he chose to dedicate it to Piccolo, to Joe Delaney, to other fallen runners whom he felt never got the proper chance.
I could sooner get through "Brian's Song" without Kleenex than I can keep my eyes dry when I think about that gesture by Sweetness, or Virginia's recall of this man.
Suffice it to say I will not be in chest-bumping mode with the fellas Sunday at halftime, when those kids who were but toddlers when Payton and I met in Arizona, grace the Soldier Field playing surface with their lovely mother, Connie.
This isn't Michael Jordan and divorce and deceit and that garbage Hall of Fame speech.
This is pure, untarnished class, the likes of which we'll be lucky ever to see again.
Love 'em
CARDINALS -10 vs. Panthers: Should we play off the "Pick Six" and call him Jake "Six Pick" Delhomme? Or ignore the silent H and change it to Jake Delhouse, since that's where the other team always goes with the ball? ARIZONA.
Like 'em, but I'm scared
Texans -3 1/2 at BILLS: If you ever invite Dick Jauron over for dinner (and can't you just picture him showing up with a Bundt cake or something?), you might want to armor up. I mean, the guy might be bad, but it's hard to tell. Everywhere he goes, people drop like flies until he has an injury list longer than Bob Dylan's discography. HOUSTON.
CHARGERS -16 1/2 vs. Raiders: It took JaCircus Russell all of 11 seconds last week to give the ball away, and he had three turnovers by the end of a period. I think the reason he later said he's not the whole problem is because he's searching for a word stronger than "problem." SAN DIEGO.
EAGLES pick 'em vs. Giants: Andy Reid will ask his suspect OTs to pass-block Tuck and the gang about 75 times. Stay warm, Kevin Kolb. NEW YORK.
LIONS -4 vs. Rams: The Lambs move down in the confidence order just because of the potential serendipity of beating the Lions after 16 straight losses. DETROIT.
SAINTS -10 1/2 vs. Falcons: The longer you stay undefeated, the harder blowout wins become. Especially vs. a quality divisional rival. ATLANTA.
I'll know more Monday
COWBOYS -9 1/2 vs. Seahawks: It's not December yet, so the Cowboys are figuring out ways to win. Seattle, meanwhile, spent its bye week trying to put its season on IR. DALLAS.
JETS -3 1/2 vs. Dolphins: Do these two score about 50 fourth-quarter points when they play in the day, or is that only when they're on Monday nights? MIAMI.
BEARS -13 vs. Browns: What does this say about the Browns? The Bears perpetrated a decade-worst showing on TV last week, right after Cleveland mysteriously occupied the same Fox outlet while the Vikes-Steelers was going on. And anyone who saw both has no hesitation in laying 13 with the fading Bears. CHICAGO.
I hate these games
PACKERS -3 vs. Vikings: Sure, the Pack has rolled through a couple JV opponents since losing at Minnesota. That doesn't mean it has solved Jared Allen, AP and the guy the Cheeseheads are going to boo all day. MINNESOTA.
COLTS -12 vs. 49ers: Drinking is to picking against the Colts as hangovers are to how stupid Manning makes you feel. But you know what? I still drink. SAN FRANCISCO.
TITANS -3 vs. Jaguars: For two weeks the Titans have had to live with a humiliating 59-0 loss. The Jags have had 14 days of an even greater embarrassment – needing overtime to beat the Rams. Have to employ a latent ITL motto here: Never take a team whose owner names the starting QB. JACKSONVILLE.
RAVENS -3 vs. Broncos: Denver historically gets run by Baltimore, but we're hoping that was a Shanny vs. Billick thing. Because this Denver team is better than this Baltimore team. DENVER.
Last week: 6-6-1
Season: 50-52-1
Peoria Journal Star sports editor Bill Liesse can be reached at (309) 686-3213 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Evaporative condensers offer important cost-saving benefits for most refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. They eliminate the problems of pumping and treating large quantities of water associated with water-cooled systems. They require substantially less fan horsepower than air-cooled condensers of comparable capacity and cost. And most importantly, systems utilizing evaporative condensers can be designed for a lower condensing temperature and subsequently lower compressor energy input, at lower first cost, than systems utilizing conventional air-cooled or water-cooled condensers.
A schematic of a basic vapor compression system is shown in Figure 1.
The corresponding heat transfer processes can be represented on a plot of pressure versus enthalpy as shown in Figure 2.
Refrigerant vapor enters the compressor from the evaporator at a slightly superheated condition (A) and is compressed to the condensing pressure (B). The amount of suction gas superheat (F-A) is a function of the type of evaporator and the heat absorbed from the atmosphere as the gas travels along the suction line from evaporator to the compressor.
The compressed and further superheated vapor enters the heat rejection device (condenser) at Point B, where the superheat is quickly removed and the saturated vapor state (Point C) is reached. From Point C to Point D, condensation of the refrigerant occurs at constant pressure until the refrigerant reaches a saturated liquid state at Point D.
There may be some subcooling of the liquid refrigerant near the outlet of the evaporative condenser, but this is quickly dissipated in the drain line from the condenser to the receiver, and in the receiver itself. The drain line and the receiver contain both refrigerant liquid and vapor, and where these two phases coexist, it is impossible for the liquid temperature to remain below the saturation temperature. Therefore, the lower heat content of the subcooled liquid condenses some of the refrigerant vapor until an equilibrium condition is reached at a saturated temperature corresponding to the condensing pressure. So, from a practical standpoint, the refrigerant liquid going to the evaporator should be saturated as represented by Point D. The only exception to this is when a separate subcooling device is used to subcool the liquid after it leaves the receiver.
The refrigerant liquid at Point D is passed through a throttling device (orifice, capillary, or valve) where the pressure is reduced at constant enthalpy to the system suction pressure at Point E. The refrigerant at Point E consists of liquid and vapor, the vapor resulting from the "flashing" of some of the liquid in order to cool the remaining liquid from condensing temperature (Point D) to the evaporating temperature (Point E). The evaporation of the remaining liquid from Point E to Point F represents the useful work of heat pickup in the evaporator.
Water, because of its availability and heat transfer characteristics, has long been the principal medium used for heat rejection from refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
The simplest heat rejection system is one using city, well or surface water directly through a refrigerant condenser and then dumping that water into the sewer, to the ground, or back to the surface water source. The heat removed in the condenser is dependent upon the temperature rise and the flow rate of the water. For an average heat rejection of 15,000 BTUH/TR of refrigeration and a water temperature rise of 20°F in the condenser, approximately 1.5 GPM of water per ton must be supplied to and wasted from the refrigerant condenser.
This "once-through" type of system at one time was used almost universally for refrigerant condensing. However, the increasing cost of water, high sewerage charges, and restrictions on thermal pollution have made this type of system uneconomical and obsolete.
One of the early modifications to the "once-through" system was the addition of a cooling tower to permit recirculation of the cooling water and thus conserve water. In a cooling tower, the heated water from the condenser is brought in contact with air, and a small portion of the water is evaporated into the airstream. For each pound of water evaporated, approximately 1,000 BTU are removed from the remainder of the recirculated water. Therefore, only 15 lb/hr, or 0.03 GPM of water is used per ton of refrigeration, a theoretical savings of 98% of the water required by the "once-through" system. In actual practice, however, the savings is approximately 95%, because a small amount of water must be "bled off" from the system in order to control the concentration of impurities in the recirculated water.
The temperature of the water leaving the cooling tower is determined by the ambient air wet-bulb temperature. In most areas, design wet-bulb temperatures are such that the temperature of the water leaving the cooling tower is substantially higher than well or surface water temperatures. Therefore, to compensate for the higher cooling water temperature and the additional step of heat exchange introduced by the cooling tower, the condenser water circulation rate and the design condensing temperature often must be increased in comparison to a "once-through" system.
Figure 3 shows a typical arrangement for a cooling tower /refrigerant condenser system.
The recirculated water flow rate of 5 GPM/TR of refrigeration and the 6°F water temperature increase are representative of those existing in an ammonia refrigeration system. The 100°F condensing temperature is about the practical minimum that could be obtained at a 78°F design wet-bulb temperature. Since the pump must circulate water through the refrigerant condenser, cooling tower and interconnecting piping, relatively high pumping head is required.
Halocarbon refrigerant systems may be and usually are designed for somewhat higher condensing temperatures than ammonia systems. This permits a higher water temperature rise through the condenser, but increases the compressor horsepower. Water circulation is normally 3 GPM/TR versus 5 to 6 GPM/TR required for an ammonia system.
The air-cooled condenser is another type of heat rejection device used for refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
Figure 4 shows a typical air-cooled condenser.
Since it does not utilize the evaporative principle, the amount of cooling in the air-cooled condenser is a function of the ambient dry-bulb temperature. Design dry-bulb temperatures are normally 15°F to 25°F higher than design wet-bulb temperatures, so condensing temperatures using air-cooled equipment will be at least that much higher than condensing temperatures using evaporative cooling, resulting in increased compressor horsepower.
Air-cooled condensers reject heat from the refrigerant by sensible heating of the ambient air that flows through them. The low specific heat of air results in a large volume flow rate of air required (approximately four times that of evaporative cooling equipment), with corresponding high fan horsepower and large condenser plan area.
The net result of the use of an air-cooled condenser is a savings of water, but at the expense of increased power consumption by the compressor and the condenser.
Evaporative condensers reject heat from refrigeration and air conditioning systems while using minimum quantities of energy and water. As shown in Figure 5,
water is pumped from the basin section and is distributed over the exterior of the condensing coil by a series of distribution troughs or spray nozzles. The flow rate of water need only be enough to thoroughly wet the condensing coil to provide uniform water distribution and prevent accumulation of scale. Therefore, minimum pumping horsepower is required.
A fan system forces air through the falling water and over the coil surface. A small portion of the water is evaporated, removing heat from the refrigerant, and condensing it inside the coil. Therefore, like the cooling tower, all of the heat rejection is by evaporation, thus saving about 95% of the water normally required by a "once-through" system.
The evaporative condenser essentially combines a cooling tower and a refrigerant condenser in one piece of equipment. It eliminates the sensible heat transfer step of the condenser water which is required in the cooling tower/refrigerant condenser system. This permits a condensing temperature substantially closer to design wet-bulb temperature, and consequently, minimum compressor energy input.
The temperatures and water flow rate shown in Figure 5 are typical of an evaporative condenser applied to a refrigeration or air conditioning system at the designated design wet-bulb temperature with either ammonia or a halocarbon refrigerant. These conditions result in an economical evaporative condenser selection. However, a lower condensing temperature and lower compressor energy input could be obtained with a larger condenser at this same wet-bulb temperature.
The evaporative condenser offers a number of important advantages over other condensing systems:
Evaporative condensers require only about 50% of the plan area of a comparable sized air-cooled installation.
Most evaporative condenser installations operate year-round so consideration must be given to protect against freezing of the recirculated water in locations where the ambient temperature falls below 32°F. There are several protection methods that can be used.
One method involves the use of an auxiliary sump tank with a spray water recirculating pump located within a heated space. Figure 6 shows a typical arrangement of an evaporative condenser with a remote sump tank.
All of the water in the condenser basin drains to the indoor sump whenever the recirculating pump is not operating. The indoor remote sump must be sized to provide an operating suction head for the pump and a surge volume above this operating level to hold all the water that will drain back when the pump is shut down. This includes water in suspension in the condenser and the water in the condenser basin during normal operation, plus that in the pipe lines between the condenser and sump.
Recirculating water pumps for remote sump applications must be selected for the required flow at a total head which includes the vertical lift, pipe friction (in supply and suction lines) plus the specified pressure required at the inlet header of the water distribution system (1.0 psig for CXV models; 2.0 psig for Series V models). A balancing valve must always be installed in the discharge line from the pump to permit adjusting flow to the condenser.
Occasionally, because of the condenser location or space limitations, a remote sump application may be impractical. In such cases, electric heaters or steam coils can be installed in the condenser basin to prevent freezing at low ambient temperatures when the condenser is completely idle. In addition, the pump suction line, pump, and pump discharge pipe (up to overflow connection) should be traced with heating tape and insulated.
Most refrigeration and air conditioning systems are subject to wide load variations and substantial changes in ambient temperature conditions. Where refrigerant control requires a reasonably constant condensing pressure, some form of capacity control is required.
Fan cycling is the simplest method of capacity control on evaporative condensers. This method can result in relatively large fluctuations in condensing pressures, however. On ammonia systems, most evaporators are fed by high pressure or low pressure float valves or float switches which are less sensitive to variations in head pressure. On this type of system, fan cycling of the evaporative condenser will usually provide satisfactory capacity control on the high side of the system. This is particularly true on larger ammonia systems, where the evaporative condenser may have several fan motors which can be cycled in steps.
Halocarbon systems generally utilize evaporators controlled by thermal expansion valves. A reasonably constant pressure differential across the thermal expansion valve is required for its proper operation. Therefore, this type of system requires a closer degree of evaporative condenser capacity control than can be obtained with fan cycling.
Precise capacity control and energy savings are achieved with the BAC variable frequency drive (VFD) option. VFDs offer a more efficient and durable way to reduce fan speed compared to fan cycling, fan discharge dampers, or mechanical speed changers. The inherent ability for VFDs to provide soft starts, stops, and smooth accelerations prolongs the mechanical system life (fans, motors, belts, bearings, etc.). Sound levels are also reduced at lower fan speeds, and start-up noise is eliminated with the soft start feature.
NOTE: An inverter duty motor is required for all models operating with a variable frequency drive.
The independent fan option consists of one fan motor and drive assembly for each fan to allow independent operation, adding redundancy and an additional step of fan cycling and capacity control to models with more than one fan.
The BALTIGUARD™ Fan System consists of two standard single-speed fan motor and drive assemblies. One drive assembly is sized for full speed and load, and the other is sized approximately 2/3 speed and consumes only 1/3 the design horsepower. This configuration allows the system to be operated like a two-speed motor, but with the reserve capacity of a standby motor in the event of failure. As a minimum, approximately 70% capacity will be available from the low horsepower motor, even on a design wet-bulb day. Controls and wiring are the same as those required for a two-speed, two-winding motor. Significant energy savings are achieved when operating at low speed during periods of reduced load and/or low wet-bulb
The number of steps of capacity control can be doubled by using two-speed fan motors in conjunction with fan cycling. This is particularly useful on single fan motor units which normally have only one step of capacity control using simple fan cycling.
Normally the two-speed fan motor will be selected so that the low speed is half of the full speed, such as 1800/900 rpm. An evaporative condenser will deliver approximately 58% of its rated capacity at half speed operation.
An additional benefit of two-speed fan motors is reduced fan horsepower at low speed. Brake horsepower varies as the cube of the fan speed, so the unit will use only about one eighth of the full load brake horsepower when operating at low speed. Maximum load and maximum wet-bulb temperature occur infrequently, so the unit will be operating at half speed and hence sharply reduced brake horsepower much of the time.
Another benefit of two speed motors is that when an evaporative condenser is operating at low speed it will have substantially lower operating sound levels. The sound pressure levels of both centrifugal and propeller fan evaporative condensers will be reduced by four to ten decibels, depending on the sound frequency.
Modulating fan dampers, located in the fan discharge of centrifugal fan units, provide an infinite number of capacity control steps. Modulating dampers also affect a reduction in fan motor horsepower which is approximately proportional to the reduction in CFM as the dampers move toward the closed position.
During winter operation, when the refrigeration load may be reduced and the ambient air temperature is far below the design conditions, the evaporative condenser may be operated dry, i.e., without recirculated water flow. This reduces the capacity of the unit to more nearly match the reduced load.
Dry operation of an evaporative condenser is intended to be a seasonal process. Water pump cycling should not be used for capacity control. Condenser capacity changes greatly with and without spray water, so that this method of control often results in short cycling of the recirculating pump. In addition, alternate wetting and drying of the condenser coil promotes formation of scale on the condensing surface.
Evaporative condensers should not be operated dry in sub-freezing ambient temperatures while the recirculated water is stored in the basin of the unit. The flow of cold air through the unit may freeze the water, even if electric heaters or steam coils have been provided for freeze protection. These heaters are designed to prevent freezing only when the pumps and fans are idle. Furthermore, air turbulence created by the fans will blow water throughout the interior of the unit, and cause icing on the cold surfaces. It is recommended that the evaporative condenser be completely drained of water when dry operation is desired.
Air and other non-condensable gases collect in refrigeration systems from several sources:
If permitted to accumulate, non-condensables in the system cause high condensing pressures and, therefore increased power input to the compressors.
To check the system for non-condensable gases, first close the valve in the liquid line running from the receiver to the evaporator (king valve), then pump down the system slightly, enough to assure that if any non-condensables are present they are pumped over to the high side. Immediately after pump-down, close the discharge valve on the compressor. Operate the evaporative condenser for at least two hours or until the water temperature in the basin or remote sump is the same as the entering wet-bulb temperature. Then the temperature corresponding to the pressure in the evaporative condenser should correspond, or nearly so, to the wet-bulb temperature of the entering air. If this temperature is higher than the wet-bulb temperature by more than 2°F, the system has an excessive amount of non-condensables. (Be sure that all gauges are accurate when checking for non-condensables.)
Purging at the high point of the system can only be effective when the system is down. During normal operation the non-condensables are dispersed throughout the high velocity refrigerant vapor and too much refrigerant would be lost when purging from this high point.
However, purging at the condenser coil outlet can be effectively accomplished during system operation. The non-condensables will carry through the condensing coil with the refrigerant liquid and vapor and tend to accumulate in the condensing coil outlet header and connection where the temperature and velocity are relatively low.
In the BAC condenser coil design, the refrigerant outlet connection is tangent to the top of the coil header so non-condensables cannot trap in the header. A 1/2″ or 3/4″ purge connection should be cut into the top of the liquid outlet along the horizontal run (for a refrigerant connection size less than 4", a purge valve may be provided with the BAC condenser; contact your local BAC Representative (link to www.baltimoreaircoil.com/repfinder) for confirmation). Each connection must be valved so that each coil can be purged separately.
All of the purge connections on the condenser coils plus the purge connection in the receiver may be cross connected to a single purge line, which is connected to an automatic purger. However, only one purge valve should be open at a time. Opening two or more valves tied together equalizes the coil outlet pressures and the effect of the vertical drop legs is lost.
In order to obtain specified performance from an evaporative condenser installation, it is essential that the unit or units be located so as to guarantee design airflow to each unit while minimizing recirculation of the discharge air.
A single condenser located outdoors will seldom pose any layout problem. However, multiple units or a single unit with a fan side facing an adjoining building or wall must be located with reference to the wall (or to each other) to allow ample space for airflow to the fans. Figure 8 illustrates those dimensions which must be taken into consideration when locating evaporative condensers.
Specific layout recommendations for the various models of BAC evaporative condensers that are available.
Note: In Figure 8, the top (discharge) of the condenser should be at the same or higher level than an adjoining building or wall in order to minimize recirculation caused by down draft between the condenser and wall. Such a down draft might be created by winds blowing across the condenser discharge towards the wall. If for some reason, it is not possible to raise the condenser to the level of the top of an adjoining building or wall, a discharge hood can be used on centrifugal fan condensers (see Figure 9).
The hood increases the discharge air velocity and elevates the point of discharge to a height where recirculation is minimized. Elevating the condenser increases the area for airflow from beneath the unit and permits placing the condensers closer together or closer to an adjoining wall. However, there is no spacing advantage to elevations greater than 10 feet in this respect.
Occasionally, the minimum spacing cannot be provided. By "decking over" between the condensers or between a condenser and an adjoining wall (providing a solid surface between the air discharge and air intakes, Figure 10), the condenser spacing can be decreased accordingly.
Condenser installations involving large capacities and/or multiple units do not lend themselves to the application of rigid layout guidelines. Some such installations virtually create their own environment and all potential problems of airflow and recirculation are magnified. In some cases, it may be necessary to increase the design wet-bulb temperature for which the condensers are selected. It is recommended that the layout parameters of any installation other than a single unit on an open roof be reviewed by the local BAC Representative.
An evaporative condenser obtains its ability to condense the refrigerant by evaporating a portion of the water recirculated over the condensing coil. As the water evaporates, any impurities present in the supply water remain in the unit. The concentration of impurities increases rapidly, and continues as long as the unit is in operation.
In addition, any impurities in the air (such as chemical fumes in an industrial area or salt air near the coastline) will be absorbed by the recirculated water, resulting in a corrosive solution.
To prevent an excessive build-up of impurities in the recirculated water, it is recommended that water be removed or "bled" from the unit at a rate at least equal to the amount of water being evaporated. In many localities this constant bleed and replacement with fresh water will keep the concentration of impurities in the system at an acceptable level. Note: In addition to any bleed or chemical treatment, all systems must be treated for biological contaminants.
An evaporative condenser will evaporate approximately 3 GPM of water per 100 tons of refrigeration. Allowing an equal quantity for bleed, total water consumption is approximately 6 GPM per 100 tons of refrigeration.
Most evaporative condensers that are furnished with a factory-installed recirculating pump (or pumps) are also furnished with a water bleed line and flow adjusting valve. Units furnished for remote sump application must have a bleed line and valve installed at the remote sump. It is important to keep the bleed lines operative and properly adjusted through periodic inspection. The water removed through the bleed line will more than pay for itself through increased unit life.
If the condition of the water and/or the air is such that continuous bleed will not control scaling or corrosion, the recirculated water must be treated. A reputable local water treatment company should be consulted to analyze the system water and recommend proper treatment.
Most evaporative condensers are constructed of galvanized (zinc-coated) steel, and any chemical treatment must be compatible with this material. Chemicals should be fed into the recirculated water on a continuous metered basis to avoid localized high concentration which may cause corrosion. Batch feeding of chemicals does not afford adequate control of water quality, and is not recommended.
When acid treatment is required, it is essential that the acid be accurately metered into the recirculated water, and the concentration properly controlled. Acid should not be fed directly into the cold water basin; it must be fed into the recirculated water piping so it will mix thoroughly before reaching the basin.
A desuperheater is an air-cooled finned coil usually installed in the discharge airstream of an evaporative condenser. Figure 11 shows a typical arrangement.
Its primary function is to increase the condenser capacity by removing some of the superheat from the discharge vapor before the vapor enters the wetted condensing coil. The amount of superheat removed is a function of the desuperheater surface, condenser airflow and the temperature difference between refrigerant temperature and the temperature of the air leaving the condenser. Practically, the application of a desuperheater is limited to reciprocating compressor ammonia installations where discharge temperatures are relatively high (250°F to 300°F).
It is economically impractical to provide a desuperheater on an evaporative condenser with enough heat transfer surface to remove all of the superheat in the ammonia refrigerant. Therefore, complete superheat removal is never attained under design conditions of load and ambient wet-bulb temperature with the standard desuperheater coils furnished by evaporative condenser manufacturers. The anticipated capacity increase on an ammonia condenser with a standard desuperheater is in the area of 10% rather than the 16% theoretically possible.
Occasionally, where condenser space is limited, the addition of a desuperheater may permit a smaller plan area unit. However, with the numerous size increments available in today's evaporative condensers, such instances are rare. The air-cooled desuperheater is not as efficient as wetted condenser surface, so it is more economical to select a condenser with additional wetted surface to achieve greater capacity.
Desuperheaters have been recommended by some manufacturers to assist in oil removal from the ammonia vapor and also to minimize scaling of the upper tubes of the wetted condensing coil by reducing entering refrigerant gas temperatures to the wetted coil.
For oil removal, an oil separator is installed between the desuperheater coil and the wetted condenser coil. The theory is that cooling of the hot discharge refrigerant vapor will promote condensation of the oil vapor from the refrigerant-oil mixture and separation of oil from the refrigerant in the oil separator. This claim has merit. However, there is normally no control over the amount of heat removed from the refrigerant vapor in the desuperheater coil. At less than design load or wet-bulb temperature, the desuperheater coil often becomes a condensing coil, and when liquid refrigerant mixes with liquid oil, separation becomes quite difficult.
Today there are many oil separators with high efficiencies for removing oil from the hot discharge vapor as it leaves the compressor. The oil separator can be located in the engine room where it can be monitored by the operating engineer and where it is not exposed to the ambient temperatures that would cause refrigerant condensation. From the scaling standpoint, the presence or absence of a desuperheater is immaterial. The primary factor that determines the tendency to form scale on the wetted coil of an evaporative condenser is the external surface temperature of the coil. At the inlet of the wetted coil where only hot refrigerant vapor exists, the internal heat transfer coefficient is quite low. Despite the high vapor temperatures at the inlet (250°F to 300°F), the low internal coefficient reduces the rate of heat transfer through the coil/tubes at that point. The resulting coil surface temperature at the inlet is not appreciably different from the coil surface temperature in the condensing portion of the coil. Therefore, scaling in an evaporative condenser becomes primarily a function of adequate water distribution over the coil, proper bleed-off to prevent concentration of solids, and proper water treatment where water conditions are particularly bad.
The increasing use of screw compressors for industrial refrigeration systems further obsoletes the use of a desuperheater. The screw compressor is an oil seal, oil cooled unit, with the cooled oil injected into the compressor in contact with the refrigerant vapor. Larger, efficient, de-mister type oil traps furnished as part of the screw compressor package minimize problems of oil carryover. Because the cooled oil is in direct contact with the refrigerant vapor, discharge temperatures are relatively low on water-cooled screw compressors (160°F to 190°F), and even lower on refrigerant liquid injected screw compressors (approximately 120°F). Consequently, any capacity gain of a desuperheater used on a screw compressor installation is negligible.
In the case of air conditioning or refrigeration systems, the pressure at the expansion device feeding the evaporator(s) can be substantially lower than the receiver pressure due to liquid line pressure losses. If the evaporator is above the receiver, the static head at the evaporator is less than at the receiver, which further reduces the pressure at the expansion device.
A refrigerant remains in liquid form only as long as the liquid pressure is at or higher than the saturation pressure corresponding to its temperature. Any pressure reduction in the liquid line between the receiver and the expansion device causes flashing or vaporization of some of the liquid. The presence of this flash gas will cause erratic operation of the thermal expansion valve and reduce the valve capacity, sometimes to the point of starving the evaporator.
To avoid liquid line flashing where the above conditions exist, it is necessary to subcool the liquid refrigerant after it leaves the receiver. The minimum amount of subcooling required is the temperature difference between the condensing temperature and the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure at the expansion valve. To determine the degree of subcooling required, it is necessary to calculate the liquid line pressure drop including valves, ells, tees, strainers, etc., and add to it the pressure drop equivalent to the static head loss between the receiver and the thermal valve at the evaporator, if the evaporator is located above the receiver.
The static head loss due to a vertical rise in the liquid line is a function of the refrigerant density. At normal condensing temperatures, the static head loss is approximately 0.50 psi per foot rise for R-22.
As an example of the calculation to determine the amount of subcooling required, assume an R-22 system designed for 105°F condensing temperature (210.7 psig) with a thermal valve fed evaporator 25 feet above the refrigerant receiver.
Assume that detailed calculations of friction pressure drop indicate a line loss of 8.0 psi. The static head loss for a vertical rise of 25 feet (12.5 psi), plus 8 psi friction pressure drop, results in a total pressure drop of 20.5 psi. So the pressure at the expansion valve is 210.7 – 20.5, or 190.2 psig, and the saturation temperature corresponding to 190.2 psig is 98°F. Therefore, the minimum amount of subcooling to prevent flashing is 105°F (condensing temperature) minus 98°F, or 7°F.
Some compressor manufacturers publish their compressor ratings based on a fixed amount of subcooling at the thermal expansion valve. Subcooled liquid at the expansion valve of the evaporator does increase system capacity since it increases the refrigeration effect per pound of refrigerant circulated. But the increase is relatively small and seldom justifies the cost of the subcooling device and piping for this reason alone. However, where compressor ratings based on subcooled liquid are used, the specified amount of subcooling must be added to that required for liquid line pressure drop and static head loss.
One method commonly used for supplying subcooled liquid for halocarbon systems is to provide a subcooling coil section in the evaporative condenser, located below the condensing coil (see Figure 12). Depending upon the design wet-bulb temperature, condensing temperature, and subcooling coil surface, these sections will normally furnish approximately 10°F of liquid cooling. However, to be effective, the subcooling coil must be piped between the receiver and evaporator as shown in Figure 12.
NOTE: Increasing the evaporative condenser size over the capacity required for the system will not produce liquid subcooling. The increased condenser capacity will result only in lower operating condensing temperatures. The same result will occur if the condensing coil is piped directly to the subcooling coil.
Low temperature, multistage ammonia refrigeration systems often use liquid subcooling between stages for more economical operation. However, subcooling coils in an evaporative condenser are seldom, if ever, used with an ammonia refrigeration system for several reasons:
It is important to note that if the closed circuit cooling tower is installed in a freezing climate, an antifreeze (glycol) solution must be used instead of water. If a closed circuit cooling tower coil containing water is not provided with a supplementary heat load after shutdown, and is exposed to ambient temperature below 32°F, the water could freeze and rupture the coil. Other winterizing precautions similar to those described earlier in this manual for evaporative condensers apply equally to closed circuit cooling towers.
A separate closed circuit cooling tower for fluid cooling cannot always be justified, particularly on smaller installations. For instance, on refrigerated plants involving only one or two water-cooled screw compressors, it may be more economical to furnish an evaporative condenser with a split circuit coil, with one circuit for condensing refrigerant and the other isolated for fluid cooling. This approach lacks one of the features of the separate unit arrangement, i.e., the fluid cooling and condensing functions cannot be controlled independently. Both functions are handled within the same unit, but the heat rejection capacity of the unit must be controlled by either the condensing pressure or the leaving fluid temperature. Consequently it is necessary to sacrifice close control of one of these parameters, usually the leaving fluid temperature.
Using an evaporative condenser for both condensing and fluid cooling also limits the permissible inlet and outlet fluid temperatures on the fluid cooling circuit. Careful engineering analysis is required to establish satisfactory temperature criteria and properly select the evaporative condenser. Consult your local BAC Representative (link to www.baltimoreaircoil.com/repfinder) for specific recommendations on split circuit evaporative condensers.
Thermosyphon oil coolers (TSOC) operate as unique high-temperature chillers using high-pressure liquid ammonia saturated at 70°F to 95°F (21°C to 35°C), and evaporating in the TSOC at the system condensing pressure 70°F to 95°F (21°C to 35°C). This is made possible by using a gravity feed recirculation refrigerant system based on drawing liquid ammonia from a receiver or auxiliary liquid supply. The liquid source is at condensing pressure and located about 6 to 8 ft (1.8 to 2.4 m) above the TSOC. This source is connected directly via low-pressure drop piping to the tube side of the TSOC shell and tube heat exchanger (see Figure 1).
The oil to be cooled is piped through the shell-side of the cooler. When the oil entering the cooler is warmer than the saturated liquid temperature, some of the ammonia liquid will boil at the saturated temperature within the tubes, cooling the oil. Vapor generated in the TSOC tubes will rise through the refrigerant return line, which is connected to the liquid receiver above the liquid level.
The vapor bubbles in the return line lower the density of the return liquid/vapor to approximately 3 lb/ft3 (48 kg/m3). The supply liquid line, which contains only liquid ammonia, is heavier, weighing about 37 lb/ft3 (592 kg/m3).
The weight imbalance between the two legs induces a thermosyphon refrigerant flow that will be in excess of the oil cooler load requirement. The excess liquid returns with the vapor up to the receiver vessel. The liquid drops into the receiver and the vapor is vented to the condenser inlet.
When a TSOC is operating properly, the refrigerant inlet and return lines will be at the same temperature.
Two problems that can cause the TSOC to lose oil-cooling capacity and/or stop cooling entirely.
The first problem, the gradual loss of cooling capacity, may occur on any TSOC application, but is generally found on those ammonia systems that have screw compressors and some older reciprocating compressors with less efficient (non-coalescer) mesh-type oil separators. Coalescing oil separators typically permit minimal oil carryover of 5 to 10 ppm by weight (pound of oil per pound of ammonia pumped). Mesh oil separators will allow more carryover, on the order of 30 to 100 ppm, which may result in 6 to 20 times the oil carryover as with screw compressors Oil is virtually immiscible with ammonia. Because it is heavier than liquid ammonia, it will be located at the bottom of any ammonia liquid vessel, including the ammonia in high-pressure receivers and auxiliary TSOC receivers. If the supply of ammonia for TSOCs is taken from the bottom of these vessels, then some oil may be drawn into the TSOC, where it will settle to the bottom, logging the lower tubes and reducing the TSOC capacity by preventing these tubes from participating in the cooling process.
When cooling loss occurs, close the liquid supply to the TSOC, pump out the remaining liquid ammonia, then close the return line. Next, stop the unit and drain the oil from the bottom drain connections on the TSOC heads, but not the shell that contains the oil being cooled. This should clear the problem, but it may require periodic draining every few months or so.
When the problem requires weekly draining, then more serious action is indicated. The oil carryover rate is out of control and the low-side evaporators, level switches and pressure regulators are probably also oil logged. When this occurs, evaluate the oil carryover, track the amount added to reciprocating and screw compressors and the amount drained from the low side of the system. Chances are that oil carryover is extreme and an oil management system is indicated.
An oil management system can include a special "downstream coalescing separator" located between the reciprocating compressors and the condenser. This separator can be designed to remove oil in the range of 5 to 10 ppm carryover, equivalent to that of screw compressors. The oil can be collected in an oil receiver, properly filtered and directed back to the reciprocating compressor crankcases via float level control for automatic handling. This method will rapidly pay for itself considering the savings of the cost of labor, the cost of new oil and the disposal of used oil.
The second problem is that the TSOC units work well for months and then, all at once, one or more coolers in a large plant with many TSOCs connected to a single supply source stop cooling. Obviously, the oil overheats and the screw compressors shut down on high oil temperature. Generally, this occurs with a season change—even mild season changes.
The problem is neither with the TSOC nor with the oil. It is because the TSOC is tied into the same receiver with any number of other TSOCs. This is not bad. It is done all the time. However, the piping for the return lines to the receiver must be respected. The premise is that the thermosyphon principle operates on minimal pressure differences (the 6 to 8 ft [1.8 to 2.4 m] height). One of the primary rules is that the vapor generated in the TSOC must return to the condenser inlet at the same condensing pressure.
Figure 2 shows the proper way to pipe the return on multiple TSOC systems. It is imperative that each TSOC return reaches the receiver return header without influence from the other coolers or they may interfere with each other. This may result in spilling liquid refrigerant down a neighbor's return line, causing the fine pressure balance to be upset and stopping the TSOC refrigerant flow.
If there are multiple TSOCs and one unit quits cooling, look up at the TSOC return lines. It may be that several of the TSOC returns are manifolded into a horizontal line that rises several feet before entering the auxiliary receiver. This is the problem.
The returns will have to be repiped in accordance with the intent of Figure 2. Each TSOC return is individually connected into a return header, located above the receiver liquid level and sloping toward the receiver. Each return must connected to the header by entering from above, so that the liquid return from one TSOC cannot interfere with any other.


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I've had this old program laying around from when I first started programming, so I decided to optimize it up a little bit.. Everything works great now.. However, I can't get the stinkin' ball to bounce off the paddle. It does funny things sometimes I start up the program, and does absolutely nothing other times I start it (I can go into further detail if needed).. Just to triple check my logic.. here's the method:
public void checkCollision(){ if(ball.x == 5 && (ball.y > paddle1.y && ball.y < paddle1.y+63)) ball.xspeed = -ball.xspeed; if(ball.x == WIDTH - 20 && (ball.y > paddle2.y && ball.y < paddle2.y+63)) ball.xspeed = -ball.xspeed; }
It may have something to do with my use of OOP. I can post more code if necessary


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"Puppy Flash Drive" Related Articles
Install Puppy Linux to a Flash Drive using the CD
In this simple USB Puppy Linux tutorial we illustrate how to easily Create a Puppy Linux USB Flash Drive using the Universal installer included on the Puppy Linux CD. Puppy is a unique Linux compilation created by Barry Kauler. It is super small, yet contains many useful tools and utilities. Most versions of Puppy Linux will fit on a 256MB USB stick. Making it great to install to those older tiny thumb drives you might have sitting around.
Put Lucid Puppy on USB Flash Drive from Windows
Put Lucid Puppy on a USB Flash Drive in Windows. In the following section I will show you one way to put Lucid Puppy "Lupu" on a USB Flash Drive from within Windows by using our Universal USB Installer. Lucid Puppy, coordinated by Barry Kauler is made from a combination of Woof and Canonical's Ubuntu Lucid Lynx release. Although cram packed with popular features, this Linux distribution remains small, weighing in at only 128MB.


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Indians notes from Sept. 25. UPDATE: Adds item on Choo.
Perhaps, for just a fleeing moment, Indians Manager Eric Wedge thought his job was going to get easier. Cleveland clinched the Central Division championship Sunday afternoon, but there were still seven games to be played before the season ends. That means Wedge must now balance the importance of resting his players before the postseason with the importance of trying to conclude the regular season with the best record in the American League. "It's a fine line," Wedge said. "You've got to do both." The AL team that finishes with the best record can choose whether to play a Division Series spanning seven days or eight. That could prove to be vital for Cleveland. The eight-day schedule would allow both Cy Young Award candidate C.C. Sabathia and league ERA leader Fausto Carmona to pitch twice on regular rest. "It's important for us to go for that," Wedge acknowledged. "You want to play your (other) players and give some guys time off too. We're going to do both." Grady Sizemore, Casey Blake, Franklin Gutierrez and Asdrubal Cabrera were all on the bench when the Indians took the field Tuesday night in Seattle. Wedge said he was trying to give those players the benefit of back-to-back days off. "Two days off really allows your body to recover," Wedge said. One thing that won't be up for debate, Wedge said, is the effort that will be expected. "In regard to how we play the game, how we look at each day, nothing changes," Wedge said. "These guys know how to play one way -- first and foremost, win." Coming Up The series continues with a traditional doubleheader today beginning at 7:05 p.m. LHP Ryan Feierabend (1-5, 7.33) and LHP Jarrod Washburn (10-15, 4.36) will start for Seattle. RHP Fausto Carmona (18-8, 3.03) and LHP Jeremy Sowers (1-6, 6.93) will start for the Indians. Gimme the Ball Indians pitching coach Carl Willis said LHP Aaron Laffey, Tuesday's starter, will also start the regular-season finale Sunday in Kansas City. Willis said RHP Fausto Carmona will not pitch in that game. "It will be good for Fausto to get a little breather," Willis said. Carmona will make his final regular-season appearance during the opener of today's doubleheader, then start Game 2 of the Division Series. Home Boy Ohio native Ryan Feierabend will start for the Mariners in today's doubleheader. He was a high school baseball and basketball standout at Grafton Midview before being taken in the third round (86th overall pick) of the 2003 draft by Seattle. Feierabend is expected to contend for a spot in the Mariners' 2008 starting rotation. Knotted Up If there is a three-way tie for the best record in the American League, the tie is broken by determining the best winning percentage in games against the other two teams. Cleveland was 5-5 against the Angels, 2-5 against Boston and 0-6 against New York. If there is a four-way tie, the East Division champion will first be determined, then the remaining three teams are broken using the previously mentioned criteria. Wearing the Crown Only Atlanta (11) and the New York Yankees (10) have won more division titles than the Indians (7) since the present division format was adopted in 1994. Smells Like Victory
Wedge was asked if he still smelled like champagne and beer from Sunday's celebration. "No, but I've still got chocolate cream pie up my nose," Wedge said. "That might take awhile."
Under the Knife
OF Shin-Soo Choo had Tommy John elbow surgery Tuesday in
Anaheim. The surgery was successful, according to the Indians, but Choo will
be limited in his spring-training participation and will not resume full
baseball activities until sometime in April. Choo played in only six games
for Cleveland, spending the majority of the season in Triple-A Buffalo.


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Former "Real Housewives of New Jersey" has cut short her second act as a New York City stripper.
The onetime reality TV star said her foray into displaying skin was rooted in childhood sexual abuse, and she is now getting psychological help, according to People magazine.
"I have addictions with love and low self-esteem, and I need help!" said Staub, 48, after photos of her dancing nude at Scores made the rounds on the Internet. Staub blamed past handlers for getting her involved in stripping.
U.S. & World
She said she has sought the help of "Celebrity Rehab" star Dr. Drew Pinsky.
Selected Reading: People, Los Angeles Times, PopEater.


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These oversized sneakers with a thick, bulky sole are becoming a favourite of trendsetters everywhere. Causing a complete turnaround from the wearing neat, sleek and clean sneakers, like the Stan Smith.
Instagram and Pinterest are flooded with influencers and models wearing the 'ugly dad sneaker'. And when this trend was adopted by the likes of Bella Hadid, Kim Kardashian, Hailey Baldwin and many others, you know it's gonna be big.


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With only six episodes into the third season of the mega hit show the Jersey Shore, MTV has now released a new 3 minute trailer, showing us what is to come the remainder of this season.
And judging from the footage, it's no wonder MTV has decided to bring this cast back for a 4th season! The trailer shows even more volatile and violent fights between lovebirds Sammi and Ronnie, and yes their fights get even worse. We also see The Instigation Situation doing what he does best which is instigating some of those fights, while the rest of the cast continues to fistpump and drink.
In other Shore news, JWoww has now followed in the footsteps of some of her castmates by also releasing her own book. And get this, it is a dating book titled 'The Rules According to JWoww.'
According to Jwoww gives us an intimate look into the loves, losses, and lessons she's learned since appearing on the hit show. The book is also filled with "how-to" tips for landing the perfect guy, something she put together by doing in-depth research while watching the behavior of the guys in the shore house. Below are some tips from JWoww's new book via the HollywoodLife –
- Men love a lady who has skills: Let's be honest — guys say they're looking for someone pure and respectable to bring home to Mama, but they're secretly praying she's a f*****g nympho with a bachelor's degree in banking.
- Never leave home without condoms, your cell phone, cash and a change of panties.
- "Sloppy drunk" is not a good look on anyone: You will most likely do something-or somebody-that you'll regret in the morning.
The HollywoodLife also reports JWoww is a graduate of New York Institute of Technology with two degrees, one in computer programming and a BFA in fine arts and animation.
And finally, airing tonight on MTV at 10/9c is an all new episode of the Jersey Shore. On the 7th episode this season, Ronnie and Sam end their tumultuous relationship with a nasty breakup that prompts Ronnie to destroy all of Sam's belongings. Later, she considers leaving the shore for good.
Some photos of JWoww promoting her book Feb. 9 at a Borders in New York City below. And no, these photos have not been retouched in any way, shape, or form.


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लव मैरिज, फॅमिली, करियर, बिज़नेस, लव बैक, दुश्मन और जादू टोने का वशीकरण से समाधान पाने के लिए
अभी कॉल करे | फ्री में जबाब पाये |
Caste Problem in Love Marriage Solution in Bharatpur, Inter-Religion & Inter-Caste marriage problem solution baba ji in Bharatpur. Our country is a racist country. In India, different types of castes and religions are found, such as Brahmin, Thakur, Muslims, Sikhs Shudra and many more Here in India marriages are also from the people of the same religion and caste. If you are a Hindu then your marriage will also be in Hindu caste. If you are a Muslim then you got married in the Muslim caste but when you love someone who is no with the same caste of religion or the same community, it will be not accepted by this society.
Inter cast or a cast love marriage in Bharatpur is a very difficult problem in inter-caste love. To solve this problem, we Begum Fatima khan ji a famous Astrologer are located in Bharatpur who is providing Best inter caste marriage problems solutions.
If you having any kind of trouble with inter cast marriage immediately contact our Astrologer and get rid of your obstacles.


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Kennedy's first task is preparing for debut
Ian Kennedy went to work moments after officially joining the Padres Friday afternoon.
Before he could meet all of his teammates or sit down for a long chat with manager Bud Black, Kennedy was headed to the bullpen for a throwing session geared to making him ready for Sunday afternoon's Padres debut against the Yankees at Petco Park.
The right-hander was looking forward to a fresh start as a Padre, although he admitted he was still a little surprised by Wednesday's trade that transformed him from a Diamondback to a Padre.
"There was a lot of emotion," the 28-year-old said of the trade that brought him to San Diego in exchange for left-handed reliever Joe Thatcher, minor league reliever Matt Stites and a Compensation Round B draft choice.
"You put a lot into the team you are with, so when you get traded it's emotional. I'm happy to be here, though. So you could say I have mixed emotions."
Even though he knows the Padres brought in the fences at Petco Park, Kennedy said the Padres home is still "a pitcher's park" – particularly when compared to the Diamondbacks home of Chase Field in Phoenix.
And he knows the Padres tradition for pitching.
"They always have good pitching," Kennedy said of the Padres. "And the bullpen has always been solid. As a starter, I love the bullpen. The team is fast and they play good defense."
This has been Kennedy's worst season. He was 3-8 with a 5.23 earned run average with the Diamondbacks.
"I felt my stuff has been fine," Kennedy said of his 2013 results to date. "The problem was location. I was missing spots.
"I was having trouble with runners on base, leaving pitches up. I just wasn't as sharp with my command. I was struggling, so coming here is a fresh start."
Kennedy moves directly into the Padres rotation, replacing Sean O'Sullivan, who was sent to the bullpen the same day that his wife, Sabrina, gave birth to the couple's first child (a daughter named Hailey Marie).
"I noticed that, too," said O'Sullivan, who was 0-2 in three starts for the Padres with a 2.60 ERA since being promoted from Triple-A Tucson.
"I still consider myself a starter. I've yet to go out there with my best stuff. But I'm here and I'm happy and ready to do whatever they need me to do."
Black like what both Kennedy and O'Sullivan add to the mix in their new roles with the Padres.
"I like the reliability with Ian," said Black. "He has a presence. He gives the club a good feeling . . .we're going to win. He brings that type of talent."
"Sean is capable of the resiliency needed in the bullpen. His style of pitching won't change. Maybe the fastball will play up a bit."
--With Thatcher gone, Colt Hynes becomes the left-handed specialist in the Padres bullpen. "He has the capability to get left-handers out," said Black. "He dropped his arm angle. We like the arm, we like the stuff."
--Left fielder Carlos Quentin missed a third straight start with a sore left knee, although Black thought he might be available to pinch hit.
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Learn about a new report from the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), The Work Ahead: Machines, Skills & American Leadership in the Twenty-First Century.


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Earthquake rattles the East Coast, Californians think it's hilarious.
Missing Santa Fe boy found safe, after his father kills himself.
Water waste violations are up.
Walmart is dying, so is Groupon.
Son of Sam killer David Berkowitz won't seek parole.
Hurricane Irene is threatening much of the East Coast.
Hot Sauce Mom convicted of child abuse.
Have you tried the new flesh-eating cocaine?
Facebook adds new privacy settings.
Marines in Afghanistan ordered not to fart audibly.
Goofing around on the internet at work can make you more productive.
A UFO interrupts a British newscast.
Summer's worst new burger names.
How to ween yourself off caffeine.
NBC is developing a drama set in 1980s professional wrestling.
Meet the world's first camcorder pirates.
What are the implications of a six-sided earth?
Netflix acquires 1,200 hours of Telemundo programming.
This is why you should avoid buying cheap wine.
Check out this $1.7 million steampunk apartment.