text:
The world economy does not favor the prospect of shark survival in the coming decades. Many countries provide huge subsidies to their fishing industry to continue to plunder an increasingly stressed population of fish. The Japanese government provides some $2-3 billion dollars annually to its fishing industry. The EU spends another 2 billion + (1.4 billion Euros), and the US provides $1 billion annually as fishing subsidies. Even the Russian government is replacing old fishing trawlers with new factory fishing vessels. Very little money, on the other hand, is devoted to fish stock assessments and stock recovery plans. With so many sharks caught as bycatch, and with the world market for shark fin on an upward trajectory, sharks may be, in the near future, an animal that we read about, but seldom see, even in aquariums. Be aware that many of these photos are graphic and disturbing.
Picture of a dead blue shark, Prionace glauca, Baja California, Pacific Ocean
Picture #: 081728
Image of men butchering a tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, captured for its fins and meat. Dried shark fins are worth $30 per pound. The large organ shown in this image is the liver which can account for 20% of the sharks body weight. Kona, Hawaii, Central Pacific Ocean
Picture #: 043891
Stock photo of bronze whaler sharks caught in net used to keep sharks away from swimmers at beaches, Margate, South Africa
Picture #: 024415
Photo of shark fins, various species, La Paz, Mexico, Sea of Cortez, East Pacific Ocean
Picture #: 071129
Picture of shark fins harvested for soup, the rest of the carcass is discarded, Egypt, Red Sea
Picture #: 076837
Image of dead shark caught in fishing net
Picture #: 027512
Stock photo of shark fins harvested for soup, the rest of the carcass is discarded
Picture #: 076841
Photo of shark fins harvested for soup, the rest of the carcass is discarded, Egypt, Red Sea
Picture #: 076833
Picture of sand sculpture of surfer with shark fins by Billy Lee, Lahaina, Maui Island, Hawaiian Islands
Picture #: 031593
Image of shark fins being cooked in the base of a turtle shell, Jordan, Middle East
Picture #: 076784
Stock photo of dead gray reef shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, with its fins removed, the byproduct of the Asian shark fin soup market, Pacific
Picture #: 076874
Photo of shark carcasses discarded on beach after commercially valuable parts were harvested, Baja, Mexico, Pacific
Picture #: 061089
Picture of women finning baby hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewinii, for international market, Colombia, Pacific
Picture #: 076907
Image of shark fins drying on top of a fishing boat, Costa Rica, Pacific
Picture #: 076944
Stock photo of dead blue sharks, Prionace glauca, at a shark finning camp, blue sharks, Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico, Pacific Ocean
Picture #: 011538
Photo of a dead sharks being weighed prior to processing
Picture #: 076946
Picture of dried shark fins for sale as soup ingredients in Hong Kong market. Hong Kong markets and restaurant products of shark fins are approximately 5500 million tons per year
Picture #: 078408
Image of shark fins, caudal fins of blue shark, Prionace glauca, Kesennuma is the producing center of shark fin in Japan, Miyagi prefecture, Japan
Picture #: 077198
Stock photo of shark products
Picture #: 078412
Photo of dried shark fins for sale in traditional chinese medicine store, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
Picture #: 081380
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text:
Home Sales, Prices Falling
New home sales and prices are falling, marking another lousy year for developers and the new construction industry as a whole.
According to the Economics and Statistics Admininstration, sales of new single-family homes in December fell 7.6 percent from November, and declined 8.6 percent from December, 2008. For the full year of 2009, new home sales fell 22.9 percent, to 342,000.
In short: It was a disastrous year for new home sales. It's the lowest number of sales since 1982, when mortgage interest rates reached 18 percent.
The median sales price of new houses sold in December 2009 was $221,300; the average sales price was $290,600.
If you look at the price point where most of the new homes sold, nearly half of all 342,000 homes sold were priced from $150,000 to $250,000. Just 10,000 homes were sold at a price higher than $750,000 while 26,000 were priced at $125,000 or less.
The way sales were spread out over the four quarters of 2009 is interesting, too. Some 84,000 homes were sold in the first quarter of 2009, before the $8,000 home buyer tax credit kicked in. And just 83,000 homes were sold in the fourth quarter, after most new home buyers assumed the tax credit would have expired. During the second and third quarters of 2009, exactly 104,000 homes were sold in each quarter.
But the downturn in sales in the four quarter means the seasonally adjusted estimate of new houses for sale at the end of December was 231,000. Because sales were so slow, the inventory of new homes for sale rose to an 8.1months' supply at the current sales rate.
Buying a new construction home generally has a longer lead time. And, closings for all times of residential property are taking at least two months to complete. If work backward from April 30, 2010, when all home buyer tax credit contracts must be complete, you realize that buying new construction means getting that contract in during February or March.
To close on a new home and qualify for the tax credit, you'll need a Certificate of Occupancy. And, when it comes to new construction, it can take longer than you expect to close on your home.
- Tax Credit Daze: Why It Might Take Months To Get Your Home Buyer Tax Credit Cash
- FHA Increases Down Payments For Some, Mortgage Insurance Premiums For All
- Do You Qualify For A Home Buyer Tax Credit?
- 11 Kitchen And Bath Trends For 2010
- Home Buyer Tax Credit: How To Cash In

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Daniel Murphy continued to haunt his former team Sunday afternoon when he laced a two-run pinch-hit single to spark a five-run seventh inning that lifted the Washington Nationals to a 6-1 win over the New York Mets at Citi Field.
The Nationals opened and closed the four-game series with wins to reach the All-Star Break at .500. The Mets have lost 34 of their last 48 during their worst first half of a full season since 1993, when they were 27-60 at the All-Star break.
The teams traded run-scoring fielder's choice groundouts in the second inning before matching zeroes until the Nationals unloaded against three Mets relievers in the seventh.
Anthony Swarzak (0-2) opened the inning by walking the only batters he faced, Juan Soto and Anthony Rendon. Matt Adams followed with a single off Tim Peterson before Murphy, batting for Michael Taylor, singled to right.
Murphy, who capped his seven seasons with the Mets by winning the 2015 National League Championship Series MVP before signing a three-year deal with the Nationals, is hitting .381 with nine homers and 37 RBIs in 147 at-bats against New York.
The Nationals added insurance runs when Jerry Blevins plunked Adam Eaton with the bases loaded and gave up a two-RBI single to Trea Turner.
Taylor beat out a potential double play grounder to drive in the Nationals' first run in the second inning. Adams finished with two hits.
The seventh-inning outburst made a winner out of Jeremy Hellickson (4-1), who combined with three relievers on a five-hitter. Hellickson allowed the one run on two hits and walked two while striking out six over six innings. It was just the second time he has completed six innings in 13 starts this season.
Jose Reyes beat out a potential double play to drive in the Mets' lone run in the second and later added two hits.
Mets starter Corey Oswalt allowed one run on two hits and no walks while striking out one over five innings.
—Field Level Media


text:
Divide and Conquer
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text: BIRD STORIESANDDOG STORIES.CINCINNATI: WILLIAM T. TRUMAN.THE BIRD SOLDIER.Little bird! you had better let that cannon alone; I am afraid you will soon fall by its side. But what are you firing at? You don't mean to let us see; never mind—only be sure that you don't kill yourself, nor any body else.Can it be that you are doing all that for play? If so, you must be very fond of fire-works. But you hardly look cross enough to kill any body.If you do such a thing, you know what must be done; you will either be hung, or put in prison for life: but they don't hang much, now-a-days; so, perhaps, they will only shut you up.Little bird, little bird, what are you doing?— "Firing my cannon, to kill Robin Redbreast;"Naughty bird, naughty bird, why will you do it? "Because he has stolen the eggs from my nest."IS IT A FUNERAL?What is that? A bird's funeral? So it seems, for the bird in the wheelbarrow certainly appears to be dead, and another one is wheeling him to the grave; or perhaps he found him dead, and is going now to carry him home. But what is that bird, with a cap on, doing? Did he shoot the poor bird? He has a gun; but I should hardly think he would follow his neighbor to the grave, if he was his murderer.Tell me, children, if you can, how it was, and who did it, for it looks like a sad affair. Do people ever get into such kinds of trouble? They often die, and too often kill each other. Learn a lesson from this, never to get angry, lest you some day kill your fellow-creature.THE CANARY.Little Amelia was told, one beautiful spring morning, that she might take her bird into the yard. She had not been out of doors for a long time, so that she was very much delighted with the prospect of playing freely in the open air. She had no brother, or sisters, but she loved this bird almost as well as herself, and never seemed to be lonely with his company. She carried her little round table out upon the green, and placed the cage upon it, so that little Jess might breathe the fresh air, and see the sunshine and flowers once more.See her stretching out her hand to feed it; then she will bound away to the other end of the yard; the more she frolics, the louder will Jess sing. So they will both enjoy themselves in the bright sunshine, till school begins.FREDDY TAKING A RIDE.But, what kind of a horse is that? Oh! it is a dog! Just hear Fred talk to him.—Go along, Bright, he says.Bright must be a smart dog, to carry a boy six years old, all over the farm. Freddy's father owns that house. You see a large green in front—a fine playground for Fred. He ought to be a very grateful boy, to have so nice a home.Just see how steadily Bright carries him along, in his fine carriage. That was a present from his father.I hope Fred will always be a good boy; and that, when he grows older, he will be able to repay his father for all these good things. Little boys should always remember how much they owe to their parents, and try to please them in every thing.GROWLER.Speak, if you want it; you won't get it till you do. Why don't you mind me? Speak, I say. So said Joseph Mecklem to his dog, which he keeps all the while chained to his kennel. Growler is a fine hunter, and a good watch-dog. His master is giving him lessons every day; he calls them his eating and talking lessons.Growler seems to be very happy, though he is kept close. He barks and growls, in the night, at every little noise he hears, and will not allow any body to come near the house. Strange that Growler can be so contented; he is better than some boys, who cry because they have to sit still, on a bench, a few hours every day, to study. How would they feel, to be always chained to the bench, as Growler is to his kennel?CARLO AND SHAG.Those dogs both live in one house, and have the same master, who is very fond of them, and has trained them to work together; and, when one is sent on an errand, the other always goes too. They are now standing at the door of the school-room, waiting for their master's children to come out. Jane and Ellen are very young, and would not know how to go and come, without the company of the dogs. They love Carlo and Shag, and are never afraid when they are with them. You see the teacher standing at the door; he wants to know the errand of the dogs. How earnestly they look up at him, as if telling him what they have come for; and Shag has lifted his foot to step on the door-stone. They start off for school so regularly, every day, that it is quite surprising.THE LOST BOY.Oh! Mother! just look at this picture. Is that boy dead, or only asleep. I think, my child, that he is numb with cold. He has lost his hat, and looks helpless and sad. But this good dog has found him, and is going to carry him home.Mother, where did he find the boy? On the ground, Sarah. You see, in the picture, that the snow-flakes are falling as though there were a great storm. The boy was out on an errand, when the snow fell so thick and fast that he lost his way; then he grew cold and fell into the snow.If this dog had not taken him up, he would soon have died.Oh! mother, what a dear good dog; I should think the boy would want to keep him, for his own dog, as long as he lives.MY DOG.I'd never hurt my little dog, But stroke and pat his head; I like to see the joy he shows, I like to see him fed.Poor little dog—he's very good, And very useful, too, I'll never vex or tease him, then, As children sometimes do.But I will give him milk to drink, A fire to make him warm, A bed to lie on, when he sleeps, And keep him from all harm.And when I need a kindness done, Perhaps, some future day, Like these good dogs we've read about My labor he'll repay.THE END


text:
The Kansas Open Records Act (KORA) does not "require a request to be made in any particular form," and requests may be made orally, although an agency "may require a written request." While such flexibility in the nature of the request may seem to favor those who request documents, especially those who are not lawyers, the fact that there is no standard form actually serves to protect public agencies. If the request is made orally, an agency may not give the request the attention it should, or may not assume a full response is necessary. Moreover, certain obligations are not triggered unless they are included in the request. The reality is that the best way to ensure compliance by any public agency is to submit written requests drafted in such a way as to trigger every legal obligation the agency has under KORA.
Routine written requests would combat an issue I often hear about: how agencies, because of a management change or some other reason, reverse course on a policy in favor of disclosure. For example, a recently hired police chief might discontinue the previous administration's practice of regularly disclosing blotter information, or a newly elected mayor may decide that documents to be discussed at a city commission meeting do not have be disclosed until after they are actually discussed. Such decisions can be extremely frustrating to journalists and members of the public who are used to getting such information without any hassle.
Another frustration occurs when an agency denies a request for public records and fails to cite the legal reason for nondisclosure. Unfortunately, KORA doesn't require the agency to give an explanation, unless the requester expressly asks for a "written statement of the grounds for denial." Written requests that include such a statement will go a long way toward learning the agency's position in the matter, and give legal counsel a better opportunity to evaluate whether the denial was legal. Although such a request for explanation could be made orally, such requests are probably legally insufficient because there is no written record demonstrating that the requester triggered the agency's obligation to explain the "grounds for denial."
But the reality is that the agencies in these examples are only required to disclose public records pursuant to the procedure set forth in KORA. If it wants to, the agency is allowed to impose KORA's rules on all records requests, which could include requiring written requests and making records available only after a three-day waiting period. It can chose to do this even in instances where it would seem to make more sense to quickly respond via email. Fortunately, if an agency plays hardball, one seeking records can too.
For example, if I were faced with the above hypothetical regarding the new police chief, my advice would be to draft stock language to include in a written request that I would fire off every day via email to the agency's records custodian. I would quote from the definition of criminal investigation records in K.S.A. 45-217(c), setting forth the information that is not exempt from disclosure, and I would remind the agency of its obligation to provide reasons for denial, if any, with cites to KORA.
IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO ASK FOR THE WRITTEN BASIS FOR THE DENIAL IN EVERY KORA REQUEST. If the agency is not asked to explain its rationale, it is not required to do so under K.S.A. 45-218(d). Without the basis for denial, evaluating the legality of the denial is more difficult.
Ideally, the law enforcement agency in my example would get the picture after a few daily emails and enter into a reasonable conversation with the news organization about how to disseminate records in a more efficient and friendly fashion. But in order to get there, pressure via legal means may need to be applied.
Thus, my daily KORA request to the hypothetical police department would look something like this:
I hereby submit this request under the Kansas Open Records Act (KORA) via email and regular mail for physical or electronic copies of the following public record or records:
Any and all documents related to any arrests made within the previous 24 hours, including but not limited to the front page of any offense reports, police blotter entries, court records, rosters of inmates of jails or other correctional or detention facilities or records pertaining to violations of any traffic law other than vehicular homicide.
As you are aware, it is the public policy of the state of Kansas that "public records shall be open for inspection by any person unless otherwise provided by this act, and this act shall be liberally construed and applied to promote such policy." K.S.A. 45-216(a). If a record subject to this request "contains material which is not subject to disclosure" under KORA, you are required to "separate or delete such material and make available" the "material in the public record that is subject to disclosure." K.S.A. 45-221(d).
KORA requires that this request be acted upon as soon as possible, but in any event "not later than the end of the third business day following the date that you receive the request." K.S.A. 45-218(d). If access to the requested record or records is not granted immediately, KORA requires you "to give a detailed explanation of the cause for further delay and the place and earliest time and date that the record will be available for inspection." K.S.A. 45-218(d).
If there is a cost associated with meeting this open request under K.S.A. 45-219, please indicate the approximate cost, both for copies and for any staff time that might be required to complete the request. K.S.A. 45-219(c)(5) defines a reasonable charge for physical copies as equal to or less than $.25 per page. If both physical and electronic copies of the requested record or records are available, and the cost of disclosing electronic records is lower than that of disclosing physical copies, I request that you provide electronic copies only.
If this request is denied, KORA requires that you provide me with "a written statement of the ground for denial. Such statement shall cite the specific provision of law under which access is denied." K.S.A. 45-218(d). In the event of denial, I hereby request that this "statement" be furnished to me "no later than the end of the third business day following the date that the request for the statement is received." K.S.A. 45-218(d).
In the event any record or records are disclosed as a result of this request, I certify, in accordance with K.S.A. 45-220(c)(2), that I do not intend to, and will not: "(A) Use any list of names or addresses contained in or derived from the records or information for the purpose of selling or offering for sale any property or service to any person listed or to any person who resides at any address listed; or (B) sell, give or otherwise make available to any person any list of names or addresses contained in or derived from the records or information for the purpose of allowing that person to sell or offer for sale any property or service to any person listed or to any person who resides at any address listed.
Thank you for your assistance.
Although it may seem annoying to file a written request, especially when past responses have not necessitated one, the tools are available to compel compliance. At the very least, in the event of denial, each and every request should be drafted to force the agency to explain why the denial occurred. Then, a more informed legal determination can be made as to its validity.
Max Kautsch is the Kansas legal hotline attorney for the Kansas Press Association and the Kansas Association of Broadcasters. Send him an email here.


text:
Spread the word about this film!
Artemis - Women in VR Panel
VR is the future and the future is female. Join us for a one-hour discussion of the recently leaps taken in 360 VR filmmaking and the pioneering role women play in it. Sponsored by Hyperator VR and featuring some of the leading women in VR today.
Runtime: 75 min
Language: English


text:
A curious feature of Dwelly's dictionary of modern Gaelic (c.1900) is the inordinate number of derogatory terms for sluttish, immoral or in other ways dreadful women. Men are not exempt: there are just as many names for lazy or violent men. These names occur in more profusion than the number of whores or thieves in Gaelic society can ever have justified. The Gaelic epithets in many cases have roots which relate to fire or to some aspect of hunting and which are therefore of some age. They are peculiar to Scotland, in the main. A few were used in Ireland, but no more than might be thought necessary to define observable human failings.
There is reason to believe that such terms did not always have a negative connotation. In several cases where the same word is found in Irish, it has a mild and non-pejorative meaning and Dwelly occasionally supplies a complimentary sense which has escaped the censor. The best example is the glaistig who can be 'a she-devil or hag in the shape of a goat' but she is also 'a beautiful female fairy'. G. slaid 'booty, theft, robbery' (the proceeds of the hunt) can also mean 'munificent gift'. G. siùrsach 'prostitute, whore' contrasts with Ir. siúr 'sister, female relative, kinswoman, darling'. G. straill 'harlot' is much harsher than Ir. straille 'an untidy female'. The etymology in many cases points to a 'fire' word. What we apparently have is a collection of very old and once highly complimentary epithets of the Goddess whose original fiery nature is sufficiently explored elsewhere.
This quite marked reversal of meaning is an entirely Scottish Gaelic phenomenon and reflects familiarity with and strong disapproval of the older system of worship, which had very explicit sexual themes. It witnesses to a change from universal worship to condemnation and even abhorrence by part of the Gaelic-speaking population. There are several possible ways in which this could have happened. We might be seeing the influence of Christian Irish clergy in the early Middle Ages. However the Irish were deeply attached to their native beliefs and converted many into a semblance of Christianity. Several of their stories about the older female figures lack respect and might be seen as blasphemous but are not fuelled by disgust. Moreover the absence of most of the terms given below from modern Irish tends to confirm that this gross interference with the old object of worship is a purely Scottish phenomenon.
We appear to be looking at Scotland after the Reformation, in the sixteenth or seventeenth century, when many Gaels had adopted civilised habits, including the Reformed religion, but remained for the moment Gaelic-speaking. John Major in 1521 noted the division of Gaelic-speakers in his day into those who owned a wealth of cattle, sheep and horses and who were in consequence law-abiding, and others 'who delight in the chase and a life of indolence'.1 The implied conflict parallels exactly the conflict in the language. The Cailleach was always ugly in her aspect as the Death Goddess or Hag, but her portrayal as shameless and evil belongs in spirit to a period when many Scottish Gaels had adopted extreme Presbyterian attitudes and stood on their dignity as civilised people, but were still Gaelic speakers. We can probably refine this further and point to bilingual ministers, preaching in Gaelic against the old religion in border parishes where the people were still of the old faith. The interference period corresponds to the reinterpretation period, for the Cailleach in some Scottish tales is given an fabulous but evil character. She is dana 'forward, impudent' and ladarna 'bold, shameless' in her talk,2 and uses droch cainnt 'bad language, swearing'.3 She harms or kills people whenever possible and is also described as an trusdar caillich 'a debauched woman',4 and as aigeannach 'a self-willed boisterous female' (but cf. aigh 'deer').5 There was no doubt much worse said about her but, if the following list is any guide, it was not fit for the ears of the parish minister or, if it reached his ears, not fit to be published.
Sluttish Women.
abarrach 'indelicate female'.
ap 'shameless woman, any little creature, ape'.
bodag 'heifer, bawd'; bod 'penis'; bodagac 'a heifer looking for the bull', bodach 'old man' but not a neutral term, bodachail 'churlish, boorish, clownish, inhospitable; slovenly'. Bodamair was a love of Fionn; Bodhmhall was the nurse of young Fianna, who were probably in this context fawns. As a name of the Cailleach it means 'penis-ward' or 'penis-bag', a metaphorical reference to a deer trap. G. maille 'delay, hinderance' also suggests a deer trap. G. mal 'bag' may be the same word; in any case it is likely to be a word for the vagina. Pell-mell describes the hurley-burley or shambles of the round-up or chase, as do pudder and bothar which brings us back to the bodag. Pall-mall was a game involving a mallet, a ball and iron rings and resembles other games played by hunters to hone their skills while they waited for the hunt to start. See also botramaid.
botramaid 'slut, slattern, drab, trull, slovenly woman': see also bodag.
bréineag or breunag 'slut, dirty female, slattern, drab; turbulent female; lying woman' (some hunter was disappointed). G. breun 'stinking, foetid, putrid, filthy, loathsome, nasty, corrupt' may describe the conditions at a neglected kill site where remains were not properly burned or buried.
brinneach 'hag, old woman, mother.' As above.
cabag 'strumpet, toothless female'. As cab 'mouth ill-set with teeth', also 'to hack', referring to a deer ambush. A form of gob 'mouth'.
caile 'vulgar girl, hussy, strumpet'. Ir. caile 'country woman, maiden, girl' is neutral. cf ceal 'muliebre pudendum', ceallach 'war (hunting)' and the Cailleach herself.
draimheas 'foul mouth' most probably refers to a narrow ravine used as an ambush site.
dreachail 'comely, good-looking, handsome'; dràic or dràicheal 'slattern, drabbish unthrifty person'; draig 'spendthrift'; draighilc 'trollop, draggle-tail'. A striking example of inversion, noted elsewhere in the witch name Wallydraggle, now 'slut', once honorific. Draig 'dragon' and draigh-bhiorasg 'fuel' take us to beacon-land, and drùidh 'penetrate, pierce' takes us to hunting and to druids, who were hunt officials. A dragon, rare among the Gaels, was symbolic of a beacon. Welsh has draig 'dragon', dragio 'to tear, mangle', dragon 'leader in war (hunt master)', and dreigio 'to lighten or flash at a distance'. Gr. drakontion may be related to derkesthai 'to look' but the Greek word is not older than W. draig. Gaelic also has dreach 'to polish', dreag 'fight, wrangle (hunt) and 'give notice (send a signal)' and dreug 'falling star, fireball, corpse-candle'.
drùthanag, drùth 'harlot, bawd'. G. droch 'death', drùidh 'penetrate, drain (blood?)', druidh 'hunt official'. G. droch-shùil is not the imaginary 'evil eye' but 'death-bonfire', a signal beacon or a cremation fire or both, as at Hallowe'en, still the feast of the dead. Irish has drúth 'foolish girl, harlot.'
fuachaid 'jilting strumpet'
gaorsach 'wanton girl; slut, bawd, drivelling prostitute', as gaorr 'gore, filth; thrust, pierce, gore, fight; glut', so associated with hunting.
giabhair 'prostitute'. The gobhar was proposed as a deer (above). Irish has giabharacht 'harlotry'.
glaisrig or glaistig 'she-devil or hag in the shape of a goat; beautiful female fairy, usually attired in a green robe, seldom seen except at the bank of a stream, and engaged in washing, also known as maighdean uaine', the 'green maiden'. In older language the glaistig may have been a beacon signal (AG glas 'brightness, light') and even fire itself for G. aodhan or aìn 'fire' is regularly punned on uaine 'green', notably in fairy lore. Fire maidens are a recurring theme in early fiction. Ir. glaise 'green' is the colour of hunters or of fairies.
greiseag 'wanton woman'; cf. greas 'to set a dog on an animal'.
leirist 'slovenly woman, slut, foolish, senseless person'. This is an (F)LR 'fire' word related to léir 'power of seeing; wound, steal, pierce (hunt)'. Ir. léiriste 'beetle, hammer, mallet'.
liobasdair 'sloven'. Related to lìobh 'love, attachment', liobair 'person with thick lips', liobard 'leopard (hunter)', E. love and E. leper. St Fillan was a leper, in other words, a white man or beacon symbol. In AG terms, the lips were the labia of the Cailleach which enclosed the entrance to the deer ambush, an image enhanced, if also diffused, by the teeth within the mouth which figure so prominently in some medieval carvings.
liùsh 'sluttish, untidy woman', also 'a woman's tattered skirt; anything that hangs in a loose and slovenly manner'. A liùsh may have been a leather garment. It is also an LS 'fire' word, like G. loise 'flame', lùchar 'light' and many more.
màrach 'big ungainly woman'. *mar 'to hunt'.
meirdreach 'concubine, courtesan, harlot'. The MR 'hunting' root found also in mèirleach 'robber'.
muine 'whore'. This is also the name of the letter M in the ogam alphabet.
pùiceach 'female that accepts bribes', perhaps the goddess? cf G. pùc 'ram, cram, push (fuck)'.
rapach 'nasty, dirty, slovenly, foul-mouthed'; ròib 'filth, slovenliness, filth about the mouth, overgrown or squalid beard, circle of hair, pubes.' This again suggests an unkempt and unsavoury deer ambush surrounded by dirty or bloody undergrowth. Ir. ropach 'violent attack or assault' appears to derive directly from hunting.
rasaiche 'lewd woman'.
ribhinn 'beautiful female, queen', c.w. rib 'to snare, entangle'. The origins of ribhinn and rapach are identical.
salach 'foul, dirty, filthy, nasty, unclean'. There is a link between salt and dirt shown by G. sàl 'sea', Fr. sale 'dirty' and sel 'salt'.
sgiùnach 'bold, forward, impudent or shameless woman'. A sgiùnach is also a fishing charm (borrowed like most fishing terminology and practice from hunting). This echoes Scáthach, the magical Scottish woman who trained Cú Chulainn in the arts of war (i.e., hunting).
sgleòid 'silly man or woman, one easily imposed upon, slovenly man or woman, drab, slut, one who indulges in idle talk, heavy clumsy lifeless female; filth'. As G. sgleò 'vapour, mist, romance, spectre, struggle, misery, dimness of the eyes, romancing of one who sees imperfectly and consequently misrepresents facts'. Related to sgeil 'loud and rapid utterance, gabble' – an outside view of oral learning – and to G. sgeul 'narrative; tale, fable, story; false or malicious report, falsehood; news, information, tidings.' The original sgeulachd or traditional lore was hunting lore. Ir. scleo 'pompous words', scleoid 'silly person, sloven, slattern', E. slut.
sgliùrach 'slut, slattern, gossip, female tattler, whore, clumsy person'.
siùrsach 'prostitute, whore (a cognate of E. whore)'. But Ir. siúr is only 'sister, female relative, kinswoman, darling'. Tom na Hurich, Inverness, is in one source Tom na Shirich, for sibhreach. D. McRitchie 1890, 147. However these words are linked, the Great Whore was the Cailleach.
slaodag, slaodaire 'slut, slovenly woman', associated with slaid 'booty, theft, robbery, munificent gift' and with slat 'penis'. Ir. slaodadh 'dragging or trailing after one, slipping, sliding'. The Irish word refers to a sledge, as used to carry venison.
strabaid 'whore, harlot'. As Lat. stuprum.
straill 'harlot', straille draic 'sloven'. Ir. straille, strailleog, straillín 'an untidy female' and E. trull are both milder expressions. G. straill can also mean 'to tear in pieces'. But the archaic sense of straille draic is 'radiating light'.
strìopach 'strumpet, whore'. G. strì 'strife, contention, battle (hunt)'.
strìopach 'strumpet'. As Lat. stuprum, Fr. strup.
struidhleach 'wicked woman who acts from evil motives', cf straill (above) and struidhe 'extravagance, profusion'.
tàsan 'sloven', also 'slow, tedious, plaintive, monotonous discourse' in which may well be a contemporary view of a druidic incantation. Also 'wrangling (hunting)'.
teallach 'concubine'.raipleach 'filthy or slovenly woman'. The RB 'hunting' root found in E. robber, rape. Ir. raipleachán 'a term of abuse'. The Raploch or 'dirty place' below Stirling Castle may have been the shambles where deer caught in the neighbouring parks were butchered.
truth 'vile beast; beastly thing; shrew, sloven', truthdar 'slattern'; cf trustar.
Lazy, dirty and violent men.
The good-bad dichotomy in Gaelic extends to the other sex but for a different reason. The number of words for thieves and robbers in that language is by any standards remarkable, the more so since robbery was virtually unknown in the Highlands. Cattle and horses were common property and to round them up was the normal way of acquiring a stock. The explanation for this proliferation of terms is that hunters regarded themselves as robbers, since the deer were the Cailleach's 'cattle' and they robbed or raped her whenever they killed a deer. The following list is by no means exhaustive, and only a few of the related words are listed.
However there is no doubt that hunters acquired a bad name as their prestige declined and civilisation marched on. The meanings for G. ceatharnach range from the admirable to the undesirable: 'soldier, guardsman, hero, stout trusty peasant, strong robust man, freebooter, outlaw, boor'.
buaileadair 'assailant', from buail 'strike, beat, smite, thrash; beetle, as lint'. A beetle or mallet was used to stun deer before cutting their throats.
ceatharnach 'soldier, guardsman, hero, stout trusty peasant, strong robust man, freebooter, outlaw, boor'; from cath 'battle, struggle, hunt; company of soldiers'. There are an inordinate number of references to cats in Gaelic folklore. McLagan has nine references to cats, against three to dogs and one to a horse. The cat is always a telltale sign of hunting lore.
coigreach 'stranger', ie, a hunter who came from a far distance. G. coigchreach 'plundering, sacking, pilfering' is a by-word for 'hunting'. Both words derive from G. coig-crich or comh-chrioch 'confines, border, edge, march', which incidentally identifies coig 'to gather, hunt'. All the many Gaelic words for a border, margin, edge, etc. define a hunting-forest. It appears that the coig-crich was normally exploited by a combined force of 'strangers' coming from a distance in response to a pre-arranged beacon signal.
creachadair 'plunderer, freebooter, spoiler, robber'; as creach 'plunder, booty; host, army; to plunder, spoil, pillage, rob, ruin' – the word used for cattle-lifting and for its proceeds.
cùiltear 'smuggler, skulker'. G. cùil 'corner, angle, recess, niche' is a word for a deer trap among rocks or in a ravine. Place-names in cùil have been converted into early church sites by Christians intent on enhancing their importance. Other related words include cùilbhean 'cup-shaped whirl in a stream; cuilbhear 'musket'; cùilbheartaich 'craftiness, wiliness, trickiness, deceitfulness, cunning', referring to the skills of the hunter and E. culvert 'stone drain', probably from an original *cùilbheart 'deer trap'.
dibheargach 'robber, fugitive'. In Ireland the dibheargach were organised bands of young men who took vows and lived in the wild places between settlements, presumably by hunting. On the same lines we have diabhol an entity with horns, hooves and a tail; damh 'stag'; diobhail 'loss, destruction, ruin, robbery'; diobhall 'old, ancient, antique'; diobhanach 'outlaw'; diobhraice 'warlike, destructive', and much more.
falachair 'one who hides, conceals, skulks'. G. falach-fuinn as Ir. fulach fiadh As used by the Irish contributors to VB 1990 and in the Irish Sites and Monuments Record (SMR). or fulachta fiann1 'burnt mound', Daithi O hOgain, BA 1987, 215. the remains of a field-kitchen used by deer-hunters, with G. fiadh 'deer'; fàl 'circle; wall, hedge, dike; guarding'; falaisg 'moor-burning'; falchaidh 'lurking, concealing, dissembling; secret, concealed'; falchaig 'raid, foraging expedition'; faoil 'hospitality, generosity'; faoileach 'holidays, feastdays, carnival'.
gadaiche 'thief, robber'; gad 'withe, twisted stick', probably a noose or snare; gadag 'rope of twigs; gadanach 'causing a continued noise'; gadhar 'lurcher-dog, mastiff – also as gaoir 'noise', gaoir-chatha 'battle-cry, war-cry, shout set up when engaging in battle (the shout made by beaters at the start of the deer-drive, both to startle the deer and to coordinate their movements); gaoth 'theft'.
geòcair 'glutton, spendthrift, parasite, vagabond, rebel, debauchee.'
grisean 'one of a rabble'.
ionradhach 'plunderer, depopulator', from ionradh 'plundering, laying waste, devastation'. The first element corresponds to aodhan 'fire'.
làdar, ladran 'robber, thief'.
luidealach 'lazy fellow, slovenly lounger, bumpkin'.
mèirleach 'thief, robber, rogue, rebel'; as meirghe 'banner, standard, flag' troop, company, band'; méirneal 'merlin, a type of falcon'; the same word applied inappropriately to a blackbird, Sc. merl, Fr. merle, provides a well-known hunting pun or joke while meirdreach 'concubine, harlot' is a late and unfriendly view of the forest guardian; cf the Fairy Sweetheart of folklore. They all come from the archaic MR 'hunting' or 'gathering' word used also for the sea as muir, gen. mara, seen as a great gathering of the waters; cf also E. more, moor 'a hunting place', morass 'a bog where deer were caught'.
milleadair, milltear 'destroyer, waster, spendthrift'; mill 'spoil, hurt, mar'; milidh 'warrior, champion (hunter)'. As E. military.
ràbair 'litigous, troublesome person; roarer; wrangler'; rabal 'noise, bustle'; rabh 'warn, guard'; rabhachan 'warning, advertisement, beacon'; rabhadh 'alarm, hue and cry'; raobhachd 'gluttony, excess'; reub 'tear, rend, pull asunder; wound, mangle'; E. rabble, robber, Lat. raptor 'robber, plunderer'.
reubair 'robber, violent person, tearer, bruiser': see rabair.
sladaiche or slaidear 'robber, plunderer, thief'; from slad 'steal, rob, deprive of strength; havoc, carnage'; cf also slagan cùl a'chinn 'hollow at the back of the neck' (resembling a deer trap); slaid 'munificent gift or present; booty'; probably as E. slash, slaughter; cf slaightear 'rogue, rascal, knave, blackguard'. Slaod-theine 'a great fire in which many people were consumed' - was this a bonfire?
spionadair 'one who tears or snatches away', from spion 'to snatch, take away by force or violence'. Also spiontag 'currant, gooseberry'.
spùilleadair 'brigand, robber', in Dwelly also as spùinneadair, but the l form is supported by spall 'beat, strike'; speal 'sword; to mow, cut down; short spell of vigorous exertion'; speil 'drove, herd of cattle or swine'; speilean 'ball game like Cat and Bat played in Uist'; spòld 'piece of a joint of meat'; spòltadh 'hacking, hewing, slaying, slashing, massacring'; E. spoil, Sc. spulzie 'depredation, plundering' and Lat. spolium 'skin stripped from an animal'.
stig 'sneaking fellow'; stìgear 'mean abject skulking fellow'.
trustar 'debauchee', cf. trusgan 'man's private parts; clothes'. Drostan is found in Perthshire as a place-name.
The hunter as robber is so reliable a clue to archaic content that the existence in any story of a 'robber' identifies it as derived from hunting lore. In 'The Shifty Lad, the Widow's Son' – Gille charaich mac na Bantrach – the widow gives her son a good schooling and hopes he will choose a respectable trade, but he is set on being a thief and tricks her into sending him to the Black Rogue – an Gadaiche-Dubh – to be trained. G. carach 'cunning' is also 'circling, winding, turning', like a chain of hunters winding up a hill, so the gille-charaich is a skilful hunter, not a shifty lad. An gadaiche-dubh is one who steals deer (AG. dubh or dubhan). A further sign of hunting lore is the use of an apple (éibheall 'flame') to select the man who will marry the princess. The Gille is the supplicant and the Bantrach is of course the Cailleach.
As I have mentioned elsewhere, the hunter as robber also appears in the Life of Columba (I, 33). Erc Mocudruidi – a druid or hunt official – lived on Colonsay but came to Mull to hunt seals. Columba prevented him from doing so but sent him some wedders in compensation. A short time later the saint 'saw in spirit' that Erc had died – in other words he interpreted the beacon signal sent from Colonsay to announce the event. This time he sent a fat sheep and six pecks of meal from Tiree for his funeral. We may suppose that the story of the seals was invented to explain the first payment, which may well have been entered in the accounts of the monastery, but the second is inexplicable unless the Irish monastery on Iona paid rent in the form of farm produce to a native aristocracy, who hunted seals among other animals, who lived on Colonsay, and who controlled the beacon system linking Colonsay, Mull and Tiree. Prophetic ability in any AG context means the ability to read beacon signals, since they heralded future events, generally communal hunts.
This allows us to make better sense of the 'robbers' reported by George Buchanan to lurk on various small Hebridean islands in his day (c.1550). Pabbay, near Skye, was 'famous for robberies, where the thieves from their lurking places in the woods, with which it is covered, intercept the unwary travellers'. Rona, a little to the north of Pabbay, was also covered with woods and heather and infested with pirates: 'In a deep bay it has a harbour, dangerous for voyagers, as it affords a covert for pirates, whence to surprise passengers.' The isle of Uist contained 'numerous caves covered with heath, the lurking-places of robbers.' The island of Ewe, in Loch Broom, was 'almost wholly covered with wood, and of service only to the robbers, who lurk there to surprise travellers' while Gruinort was 'darkened with wood and infested with robbers'. But he also notes that the woods on Scalpay contained 'large herds of stags' and Raasay had 'woods of beech trees and many deer in them.' G. Buchanan in Aikman's translation, Book I, 49-53.
Even in a very unsettled society, it would be extremely unlikely that so many tribes of bandits could make a living by robbing those travelling through these very small islands, particularly as local people were evidently well aware of their existence and had no evident need to run the risk of being attacked. The truth of the matter is almost certainly that Buchanan, who was from Perthshire, misunderstood a Hebridean Gaelic word for a hunter as 'robber', 'thief', 'skulker', or 'pirate'. The only people who could survive on the resources of a small wooded island, who lurk in woods or in caves, and who are known in popular parlance as 'robbers' or 'thieves' are hunters.
To pursue the point, one might wonder why men lived in such places. Buchanan suggests that certain islands were permanently occupied by 'robbers', while others apparently were not, and it also appears that the robbers in question were at odds with society. This suggests that they had been banished to such places for some crime. There is plenty of evidence for banishment as a punishment for severe offences, and small islands have often been seen as suitable places for a penal colony. The best-known of these exiles was Columba, who was expelled beyond sight of Ireland for causing unnecessary bloodshed, and who returned only twice in forty-two years for specific purposes. His biographer Adamnan mentions several very dubious characters who joined him later on Iona. Did the monastery on Iona serve as a penal colony for upper-class Irish offenders, as Ireland, in later centuries, served as a penal colony for Highland delinquents? There is in general a remarkable link between monasteries, with their slave-like conditions, punitive regimes, scanty rations, and the tonsure which made escape impossible, and prisons. There is also a striking and so far unexplained connection between monastic colonies and the exposed and sometimes dangerous sites on which such settlements were built. No normal person would choose to live or, for that matter, would be able to live, for more than a few days on the Isle of May, the Bass Rock, Skellig Michel, the Mont St Michel or Lundy. But people did. St C founded priory on Oransay. ?punitive exercise at beacon station.
We might also consider all these islands, like Iona, are important beacon sites. Whether such beacons were inaugurated in the Mesolithic or the Middle Ages, resident keepers were needed to look after the light and receive donations of fuel for the fire and food for themselves from pilgrims who, by the nature of such sites, no doubt stayed for a day or two. But it is not evident how such men were selected, or what induced them to remain in such perilous and isolated places. The island of Sanda or Awyn, to the south of the Mull of Kintyre, is another small island with a vital beacon. It had a chapel dedicated to St Adamnan or Eunan (G. aodhan 'fire') where there was an asylum for prisoners.2 An asylum or a prison? For anyone forced to live on Sanda the difference is immaterial. Another refuge for criminals was the royal park at Edinburgh, where, again, there was an important beacon to be manned. The refuges or sanctuaries of Highland Scotland all bear examination with the idea of penal sanctions in mind.
Such a suggestion is, of course, at odds with pious belief, and pious belief on such matters still has a great deal of inherited weight.
Appendix A: Epithets of the Goddess
Copied from RB wordlist, in Wordlists.
I Very Coarse Hunting Language
raip (G.) 'filth, debauchery, foul mouth'.
raipleach (G.) 'filthy or slovenly woman'.
rapach (G.) 'nasty, filthy, dirty-mouthed'.
rapais (G.) 'filth, noise, nastiness'.
rapas (G.) 'filth, slime'; Fr. roupie 'snot'.
rauf (Ice.) 'hind part, anus'.
reaban (G.) 'a fringe of whiskers'.
ribe (G.) 'a hair, rag, blade, snare, ambush'.
rig (E.) 'loose woman'.
rig (E.) 'sex organs (of either sex)'
rigga (Shetland) 'woman'.
riob (G.) 'to ensnare'.
riobagach (G.) 'hairy, shaggy'.
ròb (G.) 'coarse hair, hairiness, shagginess, slovenliness, filthiness'.
robar-fola for robar-fuil (G.) 'menstrual blood'.
ròib (G.) 'filth, slovenliness, filth about the mouth, overgrown or squalid beard, circle of hair, pubes'.
ròm (G.) 'pubes'.
ròmag (G.) 'a female with a beard; the female pudenda'.
ròpach (G.) 'viscous, glutinous, slovenly, squalid'.
ròpag (G.) 'a sluttish woman'.
rovek (Shetland) 'cleft between the buttocks' (a metaphor for a deer ambush; cf Lat. rupina 'cleft in a rock').
ruba (G.) 'a bristle'.
rygr (Ice.) 'a woman'.
II The comparable Irish lexicon.
raibléire (Ir.) 'an obstinate or wayward person; a hussy'.
raipleachán (Ir.) 'stout person; worthless person, reprobate'.
rapladh (Ir.) 'slovenliness, bustle'.
rálach (Ir.) 'loose woman, harlot, vulgar woman' (for *ráphlach?).
ruibheanta (Ir.) 'venomous, sharp-tongued'.
ruibhseach, ruibhleach (Ir.) 'sharp-tongued abusive woman; jilt, jade'.
rúpach (Ir.) 'big strong woman'.
rúipéardach (Ir.) 'rough woman'.
rúipín (Ir.) 'a little wench or harlot'.
III Beauty and plenty: the original lexicon?
ràbach (G.) 'plntiful, fruitful'.
rapail (G.) 'sumptuous'.
riamh (G.) 'beauty, excellence'.
ribhinn (G.) 'nymph, maid, beautiful female, young lady, queen'.
rip (Shetland) 'ear of corn', Nor. ripe 'a cluster of seed'. Ears of corn are often shown with the Goddess.
robag and roban (G.), pet names for children; cf. Ir. rob 'mischievous or pet animal, pet'.
ròic (G.) 'banquet, sumptuous but unrefined feast, superabundance of the good things of life without any of the refined manners of good society'.
ròmag (G.) 'Athole brose, a drink made of oatmeal, whisky and honey' (but also 'a female with a beard; the female pudenda'.
IV Additional words for sexual organs, etc.
crobhal 'genitalia'.
cungaidh 'privy parts'.
cunnarach 'membrum virile'.
These categories require further comment. A very old metaphor, evident in the earliest figurative art, saw an ambush site as the vulva or womb of the earth, a metaphor which foreshadows the personification of the earth as a female. The notion must have arisen among hunters living in a mountainous area since such areas provide the best ambush sites but Eskimos retain a belief in a very big woman who lives at the bottom of the sea and sends them their prey. Our word-list shows us a narrow cleft or gully – Shetland rivek 'cleft or fissure in a rock', Lat. rupina 'cleft in a rock' – between steep banks or cliffs, repeatedly bloody or bleeding, often squalid and dirty, but at the same time the source of all goodness, wealth and happiness. The puns between 'hair' 'bristle' and 'spear' make sense in this context. A bristle or ruba features prominently in the Death of Diarmid, the Great Boar.
Places where animals are regularly killed and butchered will rapidly become very nasty indeed but dogs and other scavengers will leave very little and it is unlikely that our ancestors, who identified butchery with plenty, saw any part of the process as objectionable. Nevertheless there is evidence from Atholl of an obligation on hunters to burn all the leftovers, even their temporary huts, on leaving the forest at the termination of a hunt.
Native hunters are unlikely to have seen female pudenda as disgusting or filthy, whether this is taken literally or metaphorically. The pervading sense of squalor and debauchery is at odds with the beautiful and generous Maiden and it is also absent from the parallel vocabulary of Ireland. Has it perhaps been introduced by prudish Reformers, alerted to pagan ritual by the disclosures of the witch trials? Though these trials were largely confined to Lowland Scotland, it is not often realised that most Lowland Scots were still Gaelic speaking in the 16th century.
In the seventeenth century two young women, Elspeth Reoch of Orkney and Isobell Gowdie of Auldearn, who were accused of witchcraft, claimed to have spent time with the 'fairies' or hunters in the deer forest. Since women were normally excluded from the deer forest this suggests that they represented the goddess in the hunting magic which preceded the great seasonal hunts or sabbaths: G. sabaid 'brawl quarrel, fight, fray, row' can be recognised as a hunt. Such rituals no doubt re-enacted the rape of the Goddess by the hunters. The Gael never made these rituals explicit, which is not surprising when we consider the history of Gaelic culture, but his beliefs are there to be read in his language. Further evidence can be deduced from the repressive attitude of the reformed Church in Scotland towards all sexual deviance, especially on the part of unmarried women, an attitude that may explain the disgust evident in certain of the interpretations.
This view of the old images of devotion would be in line with the anti-feminism and anti-coital attitudes of the Christian church. The negative view of the hunting goddess almost certainly comes from clerical reinterpretation of this hunting metaphor. The only question is to identify the agents.
The earliest interaction between the secular druidic beliefs and literate Christianity was in Ireland in the fifth century but there are several reasons for seeing the Scottish language as the result of interference in Scotland. In Ireland at an early period many elements of Mother worship were safely converted to Christianity and there are no signs of a hysterical rejection of the earlier knowledge; quite the contrary. From what one knows of the Gaels one feels that the poetic comparison between a deer ambush and the female vulva is more likely to have been admired for its veracity and fundamental truth, that to have stirred violent opposition. I can find no RB saint or mythical figure in Ireland or in Scotland except Maelrubha, who has a hunting beacon in his ancestry. There are no martyred virgins in the early Church with an appropriate name, though plenty of comparable stories. But in Touraine they danced La Robardie in the fields while singing.
Ireland may, I think, be ruled out. There appears to be no way by which anti-druidic terminology invented by medieval Christian Irish could have circulated in Scotland. Christians, when they did finally arrive in Scotland in substantial numbers, were not Gaels but French. The only possible episode, which did so much to damage and extirpate Gaelic culture in Scotland, is the Reformed Church, particularly in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, when Gaelic-speaking preachers and missionaries ranged all over the Highlands preaching hell-fire and sowing misery and confusion among an already disheartened people. Their authentic voice may be recognised in this desecration of the hunting goddess. But the Black Goddess has always been a powerful adversary.
The reaction against hunting lore did not begin in eighteenth century Scotland or in fifth century Ireland when Patrick confronted the druids – these were among its last manifestations. A patriarchal, despotic view was already in place in the first century, when John had his vision of the Great Whore in her red robes riding on the Beast. An earlier hatchet job was done by Jewish writers on the beautiful Lilith, wife of Lucifer the light-bringer, and on Eve in her Garden, the oldest Maiden of them all. The change is predictable: man no longer depends on hunting (hunters are declared to be wild men wearing skins and living in the desert: John of Canaan was one of the last). With new farming comes new literacy. It is the Neolithic revolution. It is the end of much that is beautiful and reasonable and which has sustained mankind for hundreds of thousands of years. When a literate priesthood declares itself sacred and removes itself from daily life to speculate on such myseries out of their original context, almost anything is possible, including some very curious religious movements.
The beautiful hunting goddess, the Maiden or Lady, became the Christian Virgin without losing any of her symbolism or her power. There is a seventeenth-century horned virgin in a chapel not a mile from here. The chapel of Montplacé, Maine-et-Loire, open to the public on the feast of the Assumption (15 August) and on Sundays over the summer. For students of fertility cults it is worth a visit. The Lady is the most resilient of any religious concepts. Virtually alone among the saints of the Church she retains both her integrity and her following. Perhaps it is simply that the Black Goddess, whether Badb, Kali, or the Cailleach, has always been apart.
But a sense of horror and untouchability is not the monopoly of world religions nor in any sense their creation. It has secular origins in the general link between what was 'unclean' (prohibited, out of bounds) and what was 'holy' (prohibited, out of bounds). The deer forest and, particularly, the killing place at its heart, the dark bloody cleft, were both unclean and holy and out of bounds to every woman except the Mother. The holy/unclean status of menstrual blood and women after child-birth are also part of the picture.


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text: ________________________________________________ This week's sponsors -The Asia Pacific Internet Company (APIC) @ Nothing Less Than A Tamil Digital Renaissance Now @ <http://www.apic.net> Click now<mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com> for instant info ________________________________________________ Mani, With due respect to your viewpoints Mani, I am afraid that your reply's tone only goes to satisfy the key criteria for "manifest attributes of inferiority complex", validity of specific arguments or lack thereof, notwithstanding. I happen to believe that the No 1 enemy to Tamil is obsession with economic superiority (at the expense of ethos nurturing) and the No 2 enemy of Tamil is English, No 3 is lack of a digital standard. I also happen to think that undue obsessiveness with the "Nth" enemy only serves to distract attention from the No 1 and No 2 and No 3 enemy. And invariably this will leave us in a situation where none of the enemies are taken care of and the enemy takes care of us. Prof Schiffman's conclusions arising from his analysis of the "politics" of languages dead, alive, roaring and dying are right on the dot. Yes, we would prefer where possible to have pure Tamil words used instead of Sanskrit words - that is agreed and been agreed many many times. The issue I'm raising has not to do with the nitty-gritties of implementation. It has to do with strategy. Where should the bulk of our scarce energy be allocated to? Against which enemy? Apologies if I have unduely ruffled feathers - it's a tough area where brothers battle :-) anbudan..../bala At 03:23 PM 9/27/97, Mani M. Manivannan wrote: >At 10:10 AM 9/27/97 +1000, Bala Pillai wrote: > >>At 08:56 AM 9/26/97 -0400, Harold F. Schiffman wrote: > >>>... linguisic purism .... seems to serve a purpose for some time, >>>uniting people in a cultural struggle of some sort, but today, it has to >>>be admitted (whether people like it or not) that SANSKRIT IS NO LONGER THE >>>ENEMY. Puristic movements also, unfortunately, tend to become one-issue >>>movements, and need to single out a constant enemy to beat up on. >> > >>I have often wondered about this Sanskrit "enemy". At the risk of causing a >>flame-war - Couldn't it be put to one main cause - "purist" Tamils reaction >>(defensiveness) to a deep-seated inferiority complex? > >I am wondering at the absurdity of this question! May I ask you Bala why >can't I turn around ask the same question of people who slavishly take >English/Sanskrit words in to the Tamil language? What sort of complex >propels people to use "Jalam" instead of "thanneer" or "stool" instead of >"mukkaali"? Would you concede that there is a "standard" English that is >used in Universities, legislatures, royal courts and news media that >differs from "slang" spoken English? While yiddish, polish, spanish words >are commonly encountered in urban spoken English you seldom see them in the >NY Times, Wash. Post or LA Times. Now what is that standard for Tamil media? > >Prof. Schiffman states that an elite is trying to thrust a purist Tamil >down the throats of an unwilling populace. My observation is the opposite! > The Thani Thamizh movement may have had its origins in elite classess ( >Parithi Markalaignar, Maraimalai Adigal). But it was energised by the >mainly low caste groups out of power. The mEdai Thamizh popular today in >Tamil politics came from the grass roots. I don't know how familiar you >are with the recent history of Tamils. But to think that the Dravidian >movement is an elitist movement is inaccurate. > >In all of Prof. Schiffman's examples the purist movements came from the >top, the elite, the government and religious establishment. The Thani >Thamizh Iyakkam was and is resisted tooth and nail by the establishment. >Yes it does have a missionary zeal and is suspicious of outsiders (mainly >Madras based) and at times has the appearance of jihad. But I am genuinely >puzzled at Bala's characterization especially considering your "Nothing >Less Than A Tamil Digital Renaissance Now" pitch. The Thani Thamizh >Iyakkam sparked a real renaissance and has at times called itself "Thamizh >marumalarchi Iyakkam." Why would you denigrate such a movement and >attribute it it to some complex. It is akin to me asking you when you >stopped beating your wife. ( I am sure you are familiar with such slander >tactics in American politics.) > >>From Prof. Schiffman's emphasis I see that even to a "neutral" observer it >is obvious that SANSKRIT WAS ONCE THE ENEMY. He puts it in the past tense. > I don't know when Prof. Schiffman thinks that the threat from Sanskrit >receded. From his words (not mine) there was a battle/war between the >languages and Tamil has survived. Did the purist movement have a role to >play in that? And how a recent past is this? > >Regards, >└¼ ├. └¼ū»½" > >Mani M. Manivannan >Fremont, CA, USA. >____________________________________________________________________________ >__________ > >ØĒ╗ÖÉ┤ ░æ" Ś░═╔┼ ØĆęŪ" ╗Ć▌ŹĶ - Only a sculptor knows a sculpture's flaws >____________________________________________________________________________ >__________ > > ________________________________________________ Sponsors/Advertisers needed - please email firstname.lastname@example.com Check out the tamil.net web site on <http://tamil.net> Postings to <firstname.lastname@example.com>. To unsubscribe send the text - unsubscribe webmasters - to firstname.lastname@example.com ________________________________________________


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We are fortunate that we live in a place of plenty. Plenty of water, food, fresh air, warmth, and all essentials. I acknowledge and give thanks for all of these. But actually are we fortunate? Plenty or too much of "things" such as clothing, beauty items, reading materials, furniture, any material thing can imprison us if we allow it. They can become a responsibility not a joy and can fill our space, our heads, our lives.
If we are unable to move on from and let go of these "things" they can overwhelm us. The anxiety and panic to move on from these things has the potential to disable us, making it difficult to function and live life, it can become a guilty secret, an excuse or reason to prevent us moving forward.
In extreme cases these feelings wont allow a life outside of 'things'. They can mask who we are or how we feel and it can become impossible to live or function without them. They become a loveless safety blanket, an excuse or wall to prevent us from letting others connect to us, help us or thrive. We may not realise it or see it but these "things" can become us, our life and limit us.
I know it can be difficult to let go of some things because often memories and lives are linked to them. I try to let my things go to charity mostly. The items I let go of and realise are not me anymore, maybe once, but by letting go I allow for the new me to grow.
I admit the hardest to let go of are books, I enjoy the written word so it is difficult, but even my reading taste changes from what I enjoyed a few years ago and I will probably not revisit them again, so I move them on so someone else can enjoy them as I have.
Maybe you already let go or maybe you want to? If you find it difficult to start and get anxious about the thought of it, the relax and/or calm meditations may help, the more you do them the more you may feel able to release these feelings. The meditations are easy to do and you do not need to have meditated before.
I offer an affirmation as another tool to help release;
I refuse to be suffocated by stuff
I let go
I let the air and space in
I allow other exciting and fulfilling experiences in.


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DYER, Evelyn Frances - Passed away peacefully with her loving family by her side, at St. Joseph's Health Centre on Saturday, June 9th, 2018.
Evelyn Frances (nee McCann) Dyer, in her 96th year, was the beloved wife of the late Eric Wilmur Dyer (2008).
She was the dear mother of Robert (Lynda), Kenneth (Colleen), and Nancy Caravaggio. Evelyn is fondly remembered by grandchildren Krista, Shelly, Ann (David), Cathy, Shannon (Luc), Daniel (Nicole), Jenny (Tjeerd), Nicholas (Kristine) and Mark, and by great-grandchildren Paul, Domenic, Kalayla, Kolten, Jaylin, Brooklynn, Owen, Evan and Lucy.
Evelyn was predeceased by her parents James and Caroline (nee Ginter) McCann, by her brothers Albert and Fred, by sisters Marge, Gladys and Olive, by her son Edward and by her son-in-law Nicholas Caravaggio.
Evelyn was loved by all that knew her. Her kind and gentle nature always won you over. To those that knew her well, she was called Evy. She was always so happy to see you and so appreciative. Family gatherings were always a must, and she loved to cook for everyone. She was a hard worker, always going above and beyond. Evy loved to laugh and joke with everyone. Her smile lit up the room when she entered. In fact, in her final days she was cracking jokes and laughing with her family.
At St. Joseph's Health Centre, which she considered home, she was always telling the staff how she loved them. They loved her too! We will all miss you dearly and remember you always Evelyn.
Friends are invited to meet with the family at the Gilbert MacIntyre & Son Funeral Home, Dublin Chapel, 252 Dublin St. N., Guelph, on Monday, June 11th, 2018 from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. A Vigil for Evelyn will be held at the funeral home on Monday at 8:30 p.m. A funeral mass will be held at St. Joseph's Church, 409 Paisley Rd. on Tuesday June 12th, at 10:30 am. Interment, Marymount Cemetery, Guelph.
As expressions of sympathy, donations to St. Joseph's Health Centre Foundation, Guelph, to the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, to the Schizophrenia Society of Ontario or to the charity of one's choice would be appreciated by the family.


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Watch the full fight video of Brandon Vera vs Igor Subora took place at the Mall of Asia Arena, Pasay City Philippines last December 5, 2014.
|image from rappler.com
This video shows how The Truth demolished the URCC Heavyweight Champion Igor Subora of Ukraine.
A very impressive finished by Brandon Vera. But I really don't know if the soccer kicks he did was a legal very dangerous kick that may cause brain damage.
Anyway congratulations to Brandon and others Filipino fighters who won in this event.


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November 17, 2010
for many weeks now tally has been trying out new sounds and proto words. my favourite is "good -bye", or as tally says it "buuuyyyee!!" with a lovely frantic waving of his arm or arms. he also loves kisses. he will smack his lips together and make a "pop" sort of noise at the least possibility of getting or giving a kiss; if some one says "kiss" or if he sees other people kissing. he is a bit over-enthusiastic a lot of the time; his kisses are big, open mouthed affairs that can leave a fair bit of baby drool on your cheek, mouth, head, arm, leg, whatever happens to be the focus of his affection at the time. i adore each and every one!
he's also a wonderful hugger- throwing his arms around you and clinging on, repeatedly.
i hope he starts using some new words other than 'mamma' soon. 'mamma' is the default word for everything- "i want", "i don't want", "pick me up", put me down", "carry me over there", "bring me …. whatever!" the universal command for all these things and much more is "Mamma!" on a rising crescendo and repeated until said action is carried out. he's learning a couple of sign language signs so hopefully more linguistic skill will shortly follow.
November 9, 2010
did i mention we got some chickens a couple of months back? they are very sweet natured, as proven by allowing themselves to be picked up by percy and carried around the back yard like dolls. they just lay placidly in her arms until she lets them go again. we are encouraging her to just pat them instead of picking them up because they went from laying an egg each a day to just one a day. i think they may be feeling a little stressed. or we aren't feeding them enough. they plough thru food! it feels good to give everything the kids don't eat to the chooks. at least the kids eat eggs!
tally nov 2010
November 6, 2010
yesterday we took tally to his appointment with the gastro doctor. it felt a bit like taking the car to the mechanic and saying "it's got a weird clunk in the back", but no clunk is discernible while the mechanic drives the car. tally has been spew free for a week. it's great news and hopefully it lasts forever but it doesn't explain why he spewed so much over the past six months. we have a referral to get blood tests done anyways. to rule out things like coeliac disease. there is a list of four on the referral paper but darned if i can understand one jot of it – EUL / LFT / (mess!) FBC / (huh?) / BIL and so it goes on. i will ring on monday to make an appointment at the hospital. we also have instructions to load his food with butter and other such high calorie things! it's kinda funny that i'm wanting to lose weight and find the will power to avoid fats etc and the time to exercise, while tally needs to seriously gain weight. go figure huh? we also have the number of a baby nutritionist. fun and games…
the lovely big news for today is that tally started walking unassisted! go tal-bal! so far a handful of three or four steps on his own but i'm sure he'll be off and away too soon for me to keep up.


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Name – Isaac
- Gender – Boy
- The origin of the name – Hebrew
- The meaning of the name- Full of laughter
- Name number – 6
- Colors- Royal blue, Indigo, White, Black, Dark blue, Grey, Purple
- Gems- Pearl, Sapphire, Blue sapphire, Amethyst, Black pearl, Lapis Lazuli
- Flowers- Rose, Honeysuckle
- Favorable day- Saturday
- Nameday- April 21st, May 30th, September 9th, October 27th, November 12th, November 30th
- Variations of the name-
Isaack, Isaak, Isac, Isacco, Isak, Issac, Itzak, Itzhak, Izaak, Izak, Izik, Izsak, Isaakios, Izaokas, Isacius, Sahak,
Personality traits –
Caring, devoted and loyal. Charming , charismatic and cheerful. Artistic, stylish and having a great taste. Courageous and cautious. Original and unconventional. Stubborn at times. Pioneering spirit, has strong leadership qualities. Loves to take risks. Easily adaptable. Creative and broadminded. Generous, a true humanitarian, though not easily fooled.


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Are you looking to spice up your stir-fry recipe? This sesame ginger beef recipe is the perfect answer for you, as it will add some flavor to that boring stir-fry dish you have been making!
I mean, sesame and ginger was enough to win us over, but the flavors in this beef will be to die for. You won't be disappointed and it will add that much needed flavor to a dish that may get boring at times!
Check out the sesame ginger beef recipe below!
- 1 lb. skirt steak, thinly sliced into 1/4" strips
- kosher salt
- Freshly ground black pepper
- 3 tbsp. cornstarch
- 1 tsp. plus 1 tbsp. canola oil, divided
- 1 lb. green beans, trimmed
- 3 cloves garlic, minced
- 3" piece of ginger, peeled and grated
- 1/4 c. soy sauce
- 1 tbsp. rice wine vinegar
- 3 tbsp. sugar
- 2 green onions, chopped
- 1 tbsp. sesame seeds
- In a large mixing bowl, place the beef and pat dry with paper towels.
- Season the beef with salt and pepper and then toss with cornstarch until it is well coated and set aside.
- Drizzle one teaspoon of the oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
- Now cook the green beans for one minute.
- Then add in 2 tablespoons of water and cover with a lid to steam, about 1 minute more.
- Place the green beans onto a place and throw out any excess water.
- Place the skillet back on high heat and add the remaining teaspoon of oil.
- When the oil is almost ready to start smoking, add in the beef.
- Then stir-fry until the beef is almost cooked through, about 2 to 3 minutes.
- Lower the heat to medium and then add in the garlic, ginger, soy sauce, vinegar and sugar.
- Now stir quickly to coat the beef.
- Then add the green beans back into the skillet and top with green onions and sesame seeds.
- Serve immediately.


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July 7, 1999
CALL TO ORDER Mayor Bellman convened the meeting at 7:35pm. ROLL CALL Those responding to the roll call were: Councilmember Lucier Councilmember Wernet Councilmember Robertson Vice Mayor McGowan Mayor Bellman Law Director Hurst Manager Hickman
Councilmember Wernet made a motion to excuse Councilmember's Minklei and Rader. Second by Councilmember Lucier. Motion carried.
CITIZENS COMMENTS Those attending the meeting were: Scott Rawdon Constance Barsky Eloise DeZwarte Hearing no comments, Mayor Bellman closed citizens comments at 7:37pm.
PUBLIC HEARING A public hearing was held on Ordinance No. 25-99, An Ordinance To Rescind Ordinance No. 16-98, Authorizing The Approval Of An Offer To Purchase Real Property Commonly Known As 200 East Broadway By The Village Of Granville. No one appeared to speak for or against Ordinance No. 25-99. Mayor Bellman closed the public hearing at 7:36 pm.
OLD BUSINESS Ordinance No. 25-99, An Ordinance To Rescind Ordinance No. 16-98, Authorizing The Approval Of An Offer To Purchase Real Property Commonly Known As 200 East Broadway By The Village Of Granville was reintroduced by Councilmember Bellman. Second by Councilmember Robertson.
Councilmember Lucier made a motion to amend Ordinance No. 25-99. Second by Councilmember Wernet.
Amendment: change from, "as a result of the public opposition to Ordinance No. 16-98, a referendum petition was filed with the Village Clerk on October 19, 1999….," to "the conditional terms for the formation of the contract have expired…….,"
Roll call on amendment: McGowan yes, Lucier yes, Robertson yes, Wernet yes, Bellman yes. Five yes votes. Amendment for Ordinance No. 25-99 is adopted.
Roll call vote: McGowan yes, Lucier yes, Robertson yes, Wernet yes, Bellman yes. Five yes votes. Ordinance No. 25-99 was adopted.
NEW BUSINESS Resolution No. 99-28, A Resolution To Award The Bid For West Maple Street And West Broadway Street Roadway Improvements (Phase II) As Per Specifications, To Layton Excavating, Inc. And To Authorize The Village Manager To Enter Into An Agreement Therefore was introduced and read in full by Councilmember Wernet. Second by Vice Mayor McGowan.
Councilmember Wernet made a motion to amend Resolution No. 99-28. Second by Vice Mayor McGowan.
Amendment: delete street from "West Broadway Street Roadway".
Motion Carried. Resolution No. 99-28 is adopted.
Resolution No. 99-29, A Resolution To Authorize The Village Manager To Submit An Application For Ohio Department Of Transportation Bicycle And Pedestrian Project Funds was introduced and read in full by Councilmember McGowan. Second by Councilmember Wernet. Motion Carried. Resolution No. 99-29 is adopted.
Manager Hickman reported that this funding does not include easement considerations. Typically the Village does not pay for easements. Due to sewer/water lines, etc. located closer to the road, it would be less expensive to construct the path further from the road thus requiring easements from property owners. It was also noted that the funds for this project do not include maintenance fees to the path.
Ordinance No. 26-99, An Ordinance To Amend Ordinance No. 25-98 Providing For Adjustments Of The Annual Budget For The Fiscal Year 1999 And Revising Sums For Operating Expenses was introduced by Councilmember Lucier. Mayor Bellman scheduled a public hearing on Ordinance No. 26-99 for August 4, 1999. REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF MINUTES The minutes of the regularly scheduled meeting of June 16, 1999, were presented for review. Councilmember Wernet moved to approve the minutes as amended. Councilmember McGowan second. Motion carried. A copy of said amendments are in the permanent file of Council.
COMMITTEE REPORTS Manager Hickman reported that the Streets/Sidewalks/Utilities Committee will meet July 15th at 7:00pm. There will also be a 6:00pm pre-construction meeting to discuss improvements to South Main Street on the 15th . Area business will be invited to attend this meeting. Mayor Bellman asked if the bike path crossing had been addressed. Manager Hickman stated that going under Main Street with the path would be too difficult due to storm sewer, water lines, etc. Councilmember Wernet suggested looking into the possibility of a light at the crossing. Councilmember Lucier suggested considering the possibility of moving the path crossing to the north or south of its current location and then re-consider the possibility of going under Main Street. Manager Hickman reported he has received notification from the Ohio Public Works Commission that Granville was awarded a loan of $636,509 at 0% for 20 years for roadway improvements to South Main Street.
OTHER Councilmember Wernet expressed an appreciation for the great job that Village employees did with respect to protecting the rights of speakers and listeners during the Fourth of July festivities. Law Director Hurst, who did a superb job of defending the ordinance; Manager Hickman, with the negotiations; and Chief Cartnal, and all his officers who did a prudent tempered enforcement of the Ordinance. Mr. Wernet will draft a formal appreciation.
Councilmember Robertson picked up several brochures being passed out by speakers during the Fourth of July festivities, and requested they be put on file. Law Director Hurst requested the Clerk assume custody of these brochures for future reference.
ADJOURNMENT Councilmember Wernet moved to adjourn the meeting at 8:11pm. Vice Mayor McGowan second. Motion carried.


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Monday 6th August 2018, 11.40am (day 2,538)
On the higher of the two summits of Angletarn Pikes, the gentleman seems determined to draw the attention of his wife towards the less interesting half of the view.
There's something strange going on with this shot don't you think? It almost looks artificial, like the two models are in a studio and the mountains are back projected. Brothers Water looks strange too, like all this is a collage I've pieced together and then stuck on a bit of tin foil in a deconstructionist kind of way.


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Fostercare requires a village
Life with a foster kiddo is not easy but it is fun. Many people think once they get the child they are on their own. This is not the case. There are so many people invested in the wellbeing of a foster child that you are far from alone. This is my experience. Once a month we have a team meeting with our social worker. In this team meeting is the CASA worker, the bio parents (if they show), the parent aid (who supervises visits with bio parents to keep child safe), myself and my husband. Our social worker is fantastic to do this. It gets the whole team together to talk about how the child was doing. How were the visits going. Our social worker does not pull any punches. When bio's were dropping the ball she let them know. They would get defensive and try to justify but she would have none of it! Most meetings I just sit there as I learn a lot by just listening! Once a week our little has counseling. I take her to a wonderful place where we do child/parent physco-therapy. It is a fancy name for child directed play. Every 3 months we have a court hearing. It is required for kids in care. Our judge changed a few times but all were wonderful. The judges mostly listened. They did not say much. They did ask me a few times how the child was doing and I was free to s peak. A lot of times it was the bio parents promising things they would never go through with. Once a mont I take my little one to the doctors. When she came into care she was just shy of 5 and weighed 22 pounds. As you know this is not even close to what a child her age should weigh. She is being watched closely for her growth and normal physical development. We rejoiced when she finally made it on the growth chart! I am happy to report she is doing wonderful and is growing and gaining weight! Once a month it is required for the CASA worker AND the social worker to lay eyes on the child. The CASA worker can see her anyplace. Many times ours would swing by her school to see her in action. The social worker needs to see the child in the home. Part of her job it to make sure we are providing a clean, stable home with all the needed amenities like heat and food! Once a month there is a support group that helps other foster folks to connect and chat. Ours meets over a meal that we have with the kids. Once the meal is over the kids are taken to a gym for a fun time of supervised recreation while we have a meeting. Along with the support group is an advocacy group. This is a group of foster folks working to change the laws and speak out for the kids in care. The support group and advocacy groups are not mandatory but they provide great insight and are great supports. Along with the groups is an entire network on facebook of foster folks to help. In our state we have a very active page. If I had a question I can post it and it will be answered within minutes from other foster folks who have been there. There is also a facebook group dedicated to swapping kid stuff. If you get a child overnight and need XYZ you put your post and the community rallies to help. In reverse if you have an item you no longer need you can post it for anyone who may need it. All free. I have used this resource and have also passed stuff on. My CASA worker and social worker are just a phone call away. I was blessed in the fact that my two have been fantastic. They have been there every step of the way. Now that we are moving towards adoption I am going to meet a whole new team. This is the adoption social worker and her crew. They will be there to provide us with information in regards to changing her name, birth certificates, post adoption support and such. My entire journey has been a positive experience. We did not go into it knowing the outcome but with each up and down we had support. With each court visit we had information. With each support group meeting we had answers. Being a foster parent can not be done in a vacuum. You will need support and connections to resources. You are not in this alone. You will become part of the foster tribe as it really does take a village!
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November 2017


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One travel company is doing what no other can do with the continuing rise of oil prices. They are lower their booking prices when booking a flight on their website. InsanelyCheapFlights.com is the travel company who is making the move to cheap bookings. CEO of InsanelyCheapFlights.com, Steve Oliverez, said that the price of oil is hurting everyone, not only those who drive. The cost of fuel makes up almost 35% of the operating costs for an airline and this makes it difficult for travelers to find cheap flights when they want a weekend getaway, a family vacation, or whether they need to fly for personal matters or for business.
As of this week, InsanelyCheapFlights.com has a promotional code that can be found on its website. Anyone booking a flight through the travel company can save money with the promo code, which is good for any flight that is booked. InsanelyCheapFlights.com decided to do this rather than lower the airfare on select flights. This means that even those folks traveling to hot destinations such as New York or Las Vegas can get a good deal on their flight.
InsanelyCheapFlights.com was founded in 2009 and is the industry's fastest growing travel aggregator. Over the past few years, many travel sites have moved to offering hotel deals, but InsanelyCheapFlights.com has continued to offer deals on airfares, committed to finding the cheapest airfare out there. This has made InsanelyCheapFlights.com one of the leaders in the discount travel industry. Oliverez says that there is no end in sight for rising oil prices and that people booking summer vacation travel can get quite a shock. They hope their promo helps. The promo code is good for travel until the end of the year, although there is no word yet on how long people can take advantage of it.
The above article is a summary. Please see the source article at Google News.


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Saturday, January 21, 2012
Gingham My Sweet
LOVE love LOVE the new flowers....'Gingham My Sweet' comes in red/white and black and white you can buy it here ! Fab with a floral as we have done here.
Posted by Julie Fleming Melbourne at 2:25 PM
Labels: brides, flowerclip, gingham, hair flower, hand made, hat trim, wedding
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