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Create work that addresses a given goal and context and responds to the target market. Teachers in pre-faculties and daycares for kids from infancy to five years need an Early Childhood Education Certificates This requires three semesters of examine at a university or college faculty like College College of the Fraser Valley. Candidates have to be 19 years previous, have up to date medical vaccinations, and a felony document examine. After finishing this system of classroom research, 500 hours of supervised practicum expertise in a licensed childcare program are required for licensing.
A state is planning to implement state requirements to fulfill the requirements of the NCLB act? What is the deadline for implementing these requirements. The primary and the largest benefit is that it affords on the job coaching. On the job training here refers to training what work actually the scholars could be doing as soon as they full their course and start work. This helps them analyze and be taught their work and grow to be an increasing number of trade prepared and ready to take on the challenges sooner or later.
The outcomes of the American Experiment have been profound. The freedoms of our younger nation began spreading around the world in the 19th Century. The success of our free-market capitalism gave beginning to 200 years of unimaginable advancements in science and inventions. The standard of life and wealth Americans enjoy as we speak is the direct results of our founding paperwork. With solely 5% of the world's inhabitants, The United States has created extra wealth than the rest of the world mixed; fed extra folks world wide; led the world in improvements that profit humankind; and supplied more overseas assist and relief to different peoples than the rest of your complete planet.
A usually patriotic musical composition – usually in the form of a song or hymn of reward – that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its folks. National anthems could be officially acknowledged as a national tune by a rustic's structure or by an enacted legislation, or just by custom. Although most anthems comprise lyrics, some do not.
In such circumstances, it would be tough for students to deal with the syllabus, since they missed courses in that stream in April. I like your record, but I feel it mixes intelligence, emotional intelligence, and what I time period uncommon frequent sense with what may be achieved by means of education. It generates the old nature or nurture question in my mind. I intend to spend a while considering your 50 points. Nicely accomplished.


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WE PREPARE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERS through a challenging academic experience within a climate of diverse Christian tradition.
TAKE THE NEXT STEP in becoming a student at Bluefield College. Learn about financial aid, the admissions process, Request more information, or apply today.
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO KNOW? Every major at Bluefield College is designed to equip you for a fulfilling life. Check out our 40+ programs of study.
STUDENTS ARE THE HEART OF OUR COMMUNITY. Learn everything you need to know about residence life and student services offered to students at Bluefield College.
YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE. Give to Bluefield College to support our students and facilities, and make it an even better place to learn.
GET THE BLUEFIELD COLLEGE STORY. Stay informed about what's happening on campus and the accomplishments of our students, faculty, and alumni.
We live in a world where visual messages dominate.
Consider the graphic design that surrounds us in websites, advertisements, books, t-shirts, traffic signs, and apps. Graphic communication majors learn to integrate art and technology, form and information, to effectively communicate ideas to an audience.
As a Graphic Communication major, you'll study a well-balanced curriculum that gives you an understanding of the art, business, and theory of designing powerful visual communication. Faculty use assignments (often for actual clients) that provoke your creative and analytical abilities to solve design problems in print and digital media. You'll hone your technical computer skills with state-of-the-art graphic software. You'll discover ways to successfully grab people's attention and to communicate valuable information to your intended audience in today's crowded and competitive marketplace.

subset: commoncrawl


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Why Imagine
Where do you want to go? Chances are we can take you there, with our huge range of cruises around the Mediterranean, Northern Europe, Asia and beyond. We know cruising inside out so why not book with the best?
We are an established cruise provider in South Africa, with offices in the United Kingdom, Dubai and Australia, too. We work with all the major cruise lines travelling to all seven continents – we can take you around the world in style with our affordable range of cruises. We offer thousands of options to suit every budge and expectation, so if you're looking for a holiday that offers exceptional value for money look no further.
Those looking for a special treat will find a whole host of additional extras in our Tailor Made Collection, where you'll find hotel stays in dreamy overnight locations, balcony upgrades and additional tours, all at the best rates. These trips are exclusive to Imagine Cruising, so sit back and enjoy the exclusivity.
You can be assured when you book with us that you're booking with one of South Africa's leading cruise providers. We have the knowledge and expertise to ensure we're providing the best service and insider information, and we're fully ASATA bonded so you can relax, knowing that your holiday is protected from start to finish.
Call us today to discover our range of holidays and see how we can make your dream cruise a reality.


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Just about just about every residence incorporates a bread get yours here due to the actual fact just about every person enjoys toast. It is really a favorite at breakfast. Toast allows make an awesome sandwich, together with in certain scenarios, it might be created use of as an open up experience incredibly hot sandwich at night meal time.
You choice of toasters are huge:
Using the quaint two slice toaster, to at the very least one that toasts 4 to 6 slices of bread,
A toaster that permits you to definitely fall the bread during the primary within the toaster and it arrives out in the bottom entirely toasted,
You're able to possess a toaster that toast bagels, warm pet buns as well as your whole extremely very hot doggy,
Toasters that toasts pastries, and many considerably more.
Several yrs back, the toaster was an item made of wire that sat regarding the stove (coal stove or gas array) and you also just toasted the bread with the heat with the coal stove or utilizing the flame on the gas range. You had to take a look at this toaster meticulously due to the actual fact it vital you to definitely change the bread extra than to toast the opposite part. In the event you failed to swap it, you then experienced a flaming piece of bread on the stove. The toaster has manifest a particularly prolonged way considering that its early humble beginnings.
According to that which you desire your toaster to accomplish, you should purchase a company establish toaster for as tiny as twelve bucks or maybe approximately fifty lbs . or even more. If all you desire the toaster to accomplish is brown your bread, a twelve greenback model name name toaster can complete that just good.
Toasters utilised to come back back again in just white on account of the point that was generally the color over the kitchen. The white kitchen was regarded as antiseptic and cleanse and also the appliances had been white for that pretty similar rationale. Right now, you could get the toaster in black, white or stainless-steel and a few other shade between. The color during the kitchen area happens to be bolder and for that reason the appliances, including the toaster, are designed in shades to match the kitchen décor.
Should you understand what you'd like you toaster to try and do for you personally personally, however that you are unsure which manufacturer name of toaster is undoubtedly the ideal to execute the perform, you're able to check out with Buyer Report on-line and uncover which they endorse. I lately expected to get a toaster and i was wanting to shell out not under forty pounds to the toaster. Examining with Purchaser Stories I discovered which the one they suggested as their handiest toaster was only fifteen pounds. I purchased it and it is a terrific toaster made by Hamilton Seashore. Feel and assess upfront of you buy your toaster to usually be self-confident it can do all you need it to perform for you personally individually.


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As the new season deliveries arrive I thought it was about time to have a proper wardrobe clearout, from time to time is essential to keep your style fresh, to make more room for new purchases! and to see what you already have before you hit the shops.
Firstly i thought about trying this method -
Turn all the hangers the wrong way round and then each time you wear something put it back the right way round. After a month have a look at the items that haven't been worn and then decide their fate but as its a complete pet hate of mine I didn't think this would work for me.
So I decided to call in the expert - Laura Russell, personal shopper, stylist and fashion blogger from Satisfashion to help me.
We chatted first about what I wanted to achieve and my style and then went through my whole wardrobe sorting into piles of clothes as we went along. Laura gave me lots of suggestions and some different ideas which I have been trying out.
I discovered I only own 1 skirt, not very many jumpers and possibly need to buy some different shoes and boots! I also tend to wear things a bit oversized and layer a lot too. I could also do with maybe a little bit more colour.
So maybe I should buy this coat!
I now have a much more organised wardrobe (and bags of clothes destined for the charity shop and eBay)
I highly recommend Laura from Satisfashion and am now looking forward to some more shopping (when I get the chance) with a clearer focus of what to buy.


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The academic program, now in its 20th year, is available for rising 7th and 8th grade students. Many different courses will be offered this summer, and we believe that this "Taste of Saint Ignatius" will be an enriching and engaging experience for all participants
There are two three-week sessions offering a variety of options including Science Excitement, Mathematics, Language Arts, Introductory Spanish, JAVA Programming Basics, Classical Mythology, World War II and the Movies, Band, Percussion, Connecting Current Events and History, and Model United Nations. Students will engage in thoughtful problem solving, discussion and readings while at the direction of the top faculty members at Saint Ignatius.
All academic and offerings and registration details are outlined in the Summer Programs brochure.
Spaces in the academic courses are limited; courses will fill on a first-come, first-served basis. Online registration will be open through June 10.
A variety of Athletic Camps are available for the Junior High Students throughout the summer. Please review our Summer Programs brochure at the left for details on this summer's academic course and athletic camp offerings.


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Police are searching for a person suspected of robbing and threatening to kill a blind man Sunday evening in Fremont, detective Bill Veteran said today.
The victim was passing a post office on Dusterberry Way around 6:20 p.m. when a suspect approached him from behind and told the man to hand over his wallet or he would be killed, according to officials.
The suspect allegedly pushed the victim down and kicked him until the victim handed his wallet to the suspect.
The victim was not able to provide a description of the suspect, Veteran said.
Copyright © 2007 by Bay City News, Inc. – republication, re-transmission or reuse without the express written consent of Bay City News, Inc. is prohibited.


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2018 was another great year for PCF. Help us make 2019 an even better year!
SHOULD YOU GET A DOG? Consider
This –
If you never have bred before and you have the slightest inclination to breed your dog, don't. Too many stray and unwanted dogs are the product of casual breeding or accidental breeding. When a dog is born from an unplanned litter, chances are it will be condemned to a life of misery, depravation and death.
CARING FOR AN OLDER DOG (AKC pamphlet)
As dogs get older their needs will change and they may become more prone to sickness. In order to ensure the older dog's comfort, remember the following:
ADDING PUPS TO YOUR HOME (AKC pamphlet)
Many people consider adding a young dog to the household when their current dog grows older. However, some people are often afraid that the presence of a younger dog will be a nuisance in the last months or years of the old dog's life, and don't want to cause their older dog grief or discomfort.
Dogs usually fuss less about this than the owners. In fact, the presence of a puppy in the house could invigorate the older dog. There's a new interest in life and dogs of 10 or older could begin to respond to activity again.
Older dogs can teach manners and canine survival skills to pups. Your older dog may even help housebreak the puppy because he/she can detect when the puppy needs to go out. The older dogs are better than humans at detecting subliminal signals.
There are a few things you need to remember when you introduce the pup to the older dog:
By following these steps your older dog will enjoy a new friend and your new puppy will have a great teacher.
To Prevent Undesirable Elimination:
Prevention is the key to success, but if someone fails to prevent your dog from having a soiling accident. . . Don't scold. . . Quietly clean up the mess. . . Deodorize the soiled area.
the web site address for the American Kennel Club is www.akc.org


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Poinsettias have become a holiday season tradition. These plants are native to Mexico and bloom during the winter. They display leaves ranging from bright red to a cream color. Most people believe the poinsettia naturally dies after the winter season; in fact, the poinsettia can survive for several years in your home with proper care. Generally, poinsettias sell only for a few weeks during the holidays, so don't miss out on bringing one home.
Difficulty: Moderately Easy
Place your poinsettia plant in a location that will receive partial sunlight. Too much heat from direct sunlight may shorten the life of your poinsettia. According to Ray Rothenberger and David Trinklein of the Department of Horticulture at the University of Missouri Extension, the ideal environment for poinsettias is a room temperate of 65 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. For a long life expectancy, keep this temperature consistent on a daily basis.
Water your poinsettia regularly. Keep the soil damp, but not soggy. Don't over water your plant because this can cause root rot. The pot should be well drained. A poinsettiasstart to wilt when it doesn't receive enough water. If this is the case, increase the amount of water at your next scheduled watering times. Check frequently that the soil hasn't become too dry and hard for the poinsettia.
Trim back the growth of your poinsettia in March or mid April, leaving 5 inches from the main stem. Continue to trim away new growth through the summer until August. After late August, let the poinsettia grow in your home. This is the ideal time to use insecticides and fertilize your plant.
Move your poinsettia to a very dark area of your home in October. Like some other plants, poinsettias need rest to produce new buds. Cover the plant with dark plastic for at least 12 hours a day if you don't have a dark room for plants. Placing the plant in a large box where it can't come into contact with sunlight can produce the same results. The plant will look bare and hopeless, but this process is necessary for regrowth. The poinsettia only needs enough water to keep the soil moist during its sleeping time. Remember to move the plant back to a sunny window during the other 12 hours of the day.
Stop the darkness treatment in the last week of November. Display your flowering poinsettia in your home in December and throughout the holiday season.
Follow the instructions listed when using insecticides. Failing to do so could cause serious health problems


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Northwood Quad Recap
By: Kevin Milsted
Northwood's home cross country course is easily one of the most challenging in Montgomery County. Paint Branch's Lorenzo Neil had no intention of pushing the pace but found himself in a competitive pack of four runners for nearly every step of the race.
The 5k course mostly consists of hilly, rocky trails with a creek crossing and one particularly brutal hill just beyond the two mile mark. This hill usually separates the men from the boys, but the pack of Lorenzo Neil, Morgan Rivers of Wheaton, Harold Dorsey of Paint Branch, and Binyam Tadesse of Kennedy stuck together.
Runners returned to the relatively flat athletic fields behind the high school with roughly 700 meters to the finish line. Still anybody's race, Tadesse made his move, going from fourth to first over a span of 100 meters.
Neil responded to Tadesse's surge, creating the first major separation from Dorsey and Rivers. Tadesse pushed the pace for another 200 meters, charged down a steep hill and then ran back up the other side.
At the top of the hill, Tadesse said that he suddenly was not feeling well. Neil was just starting to roll.
The finish can be a fast 300 meter sprint on Northwood's track and Neil turned it on. He finished in 17:46, just 16 seconds off the course record set last year by Einstein's Nick Simpson.
Dorsey passed Tadesse in the final meters to finish three seconds ahead of Tadesse in 17:54.
The Paint Branch boys team swept all three opposing teams.
The aforementioned brutal hill played a role in the outcome of the girls race. Northwood Freshman Alexis Doon spent the first two miles running in a pack with three Kennedy girls, but as the Kennedy girls slowed on the steep hill, Doon moved into first place.
"I didn't sprint ahead," said Doon. "I just kept pacing myself."
A steady pace was the key to an easy win in 24:24. She most likely learned that pacing at Lee Middle School where she gained some running experience.
Watching the race unfold, Kennedy Coach Dave Warren was hopeful that his girls could pull a 1-2-3 sweep over Northwood to guarantee the team victory, but when Doon emerged the leader, the chances of a team victory were far less certain. Northwood's #2-5 girls were moving in a fairly close pack ahead of Kennedy's #4 runner.
In the final 700 meters, Kennedy's #4 runner, Robin Williams, made a move past two Northwood runners to gain the edge in the team scoring.
"[Williams] was my MVP today. We are happy we won. Now we have to bridge the gap between the top three girls and the 4-5-6 pack."
Kennedy beat Northwood, 26 to 29. Wheaton and Paint Branch did not have complete girls teams.
Both the Kennedy and Northwood coaches were mildly displeased that the very first dual meet was so critical to the outcome of the division championship.
"Give us Kennedy in three weeks…" Northwood Coach Mike Sauter said, wishing that he had a little more time to prepare his team.
Northwood and Kennedy will not meet again in a divisional meet, but there will be a rematch on the same course at the MCPS Consortia Championships at Northwood on October 13.
Mike Sauter
2012-09-13 12:26:46
It was a great team meet with (except for Paint Branch boys blowing everybody out) winning completely dependent on the 4th and 5th runners.
If you want a chance to run Northwood's course, perhaps THE toughest in Montgomery County, and you don't run for an MCPS Consortia school, then register for the open race October 13th
Somebody must beat 3 time defending champion Einstein coach Eric Da Silva!
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The hand drawn Wabi Sabi series are profoundly influenced by a Japanese Aesthetic
Close up details of contemporary fashion blur with Ashe textile designs depicting bushfires, parrots and flowers...a unique aesthetic
A close up of the exquisite Detail in each Illustration....
This product features the colours listed below.Click on any swatch to see a full list of other matching products.
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Illustration 1:
The typical patient with partial hidden or buried penis. The patient has a large pubic fat pad. The penis buries into the pubic fat and scrotal sack. The skin is not well attached to the underlying penile structures.
Illustration 2:
An incision is made above the pubic fat pad. If extra skin is present, some is excised . Fat is removed by a combination of liposuction and excision. The pubic skin is sutured to the underlying muscle to prevent it from sliding down and to prevent the penis from going inside the fat. This stabilizes penile skin to the penile shaft.
Illustration 3:
An incision is made at the junction of the penis and scrotal skin. Sutures are placed from just under the skin to stabilize the skin to the penile shaft. This prevents the penile shaft from burying into the scrotal sack.
Illustration 4:
The patient at the end of the procedure. The pubic skin is anchored to the pubic muscles with pubic fat removed. The underside of the penis is anchored to skin at the junction of the penis and scrotum. The penoscrotal incision is closed with a zig-zag. Sometimes extra penoscrotal skin is removed.
The men all had the operation illustrated above.
Patient 1
Patient 2
Patient 3
Patient 4
Patient 5
Patient 6
Patient 7
Patient 8
Patient 9
Patient 10
53 year old male who had a hidden penis and then developed chronic inflammation of the penile skin and head of the penis. The penile skin ulcerated and scarred causing chronic pain, inability to pull his penis out of his pubic fat, and inability to have sexual intercourse. He had to sit to urinate and could not void with a stream. The patient underwent removal of suprapubic fat with tacking, excision of all penile shaft skin, and placement of a thick split thickness skin graft. His pain is now gone, and he can now void while standing and have sexual intercourse.
45 year old male with a severe buried penis with inability to pull out his penis. He had massive weight loss after gastric bypass surgery. The penile skin was damaged from chronic inflammation and dampness. He had previous unsuccessful attempts to correct the buried penis by other physicians. I performed a suprapubic excision of excess skin and fat, tacking of the pubic tissues to the underlying fascia, excision of all his damaged penile skin, and grafting of thigh skin onto the penis. The photos are 3 months postoperation. The residual penile swelling will decrease over the next 1-2 years.


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[Dollars in millions]
Amount Authorized — Amount Outstanding as of 5/27/10
Federal Reserve [Inc.]
Revolving Credit Facility … $34,000 — $26,133
Maiden Lane II: Loan extended by Federal Reserve [Inc.] … 22,500 — 14,532
Net portfolio holdings of Maiden Lane II LLC … 0 — 15,910
Accrued interest payable to Federal Reserve [Inc.] … 0 — 342
Maiden Lane III: Loan extended by Federal Reserve [Inc.] … 30,000 — 16,206
Net portfolio holdings of Maiden Lane III LLC 3 … 0 — 23,380
Accrued interest payable to Federal Reserve [Inc.] … 0 — 427
Preferred interest in AIA Aurora LLC … 16,000 — 16,266
Accrued dividends on preferred interests in AIA Aurora LLC 0 — 125
Preferred interest in ALICO SPV … 9,000 — 9,150
Accrued dividends on preferred interests in ALICO Holdings LLC 0 — 70
Total Federal Reserve [Inc.] … 111,500 — 83,251
Series E Non-cumulative Preferred stock … 40,000 — 40,000
Unpaid dividends on Series D Preferred stock … 0 — 1,600
Series F Non-cumulative Preferred stock … 29,835 — 7,544
Total TARP … 69,835 — 49,144
Net borrowings … 181,335 — 129,831
Accrued interest payable and unpaid dividends … 0 — 2,564
Total Balance Outstanding … $181,335 — $132,395
[181,3 BILLION and 132,4 BILLION]
2 U.S. Department of the Treasury, Troubled Asset Relief Program Transactions Report for Period Ending May 26, 2010, at 18 (May 28, 2010) (online at http://www.financialstability .gov/docs/transaction-reports/5-28-10%20Transactions%20Report%20as%20of%205-26-10.pdf) (hereinafter ''Treasury Transactions Report''); Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Factors Affecting Reserve Balances (H.4.1) (May 27, 2010) (online at http://www.federalreserve .gov/releases/h41/20100527/) (hereinafter ''Federal Reserve H.4.1 Statistical Release'').
3 Federal Reserve [Inc.] H.4.1 Statistical Release, supra note 2 (''Dividends accrue as a percentage of the FRBNY's preferred interests in AIA Aurora LLC and ALICO Holdings LLC. On a quarterly basis, the accrued dividends are capitalized and added to the Federal Reserve [Inc.]'s preferred interests in AIA Aurora LLC and ALICO Holdings LLC.''). VerDate
SECTION ONE: [Excerpt]
A. Overview
At the height of the government support, AIG and its affiliates had received $89.5 billion in loans from the Federal Reserve, $43.8 billion through Maiden Lanes II and III, and $49.1 billion in investments from Treasury. The government outlay remains high, with $26.1 billion in loans outstanding from the Federal Reserve's Revolving Credit Facility as of May 27, 2010, $25.4 billion in preferred holdings of AIG related special purpose vehicles (SPVs), and the same Treasury support outstanding as at its height. The government controls 79.8 percent of AIG's equity and has appointed 2 of its 13 directors. Only Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, institutions in government conservatorship, have received more money from the government.
Because the government chose to rescue AIG as a whole, all AIG's creditors were paid off in full.
B. AIG Before the Government Rescue
1. AIG's History
At its peak, AIG was one of the largest publicly traded companies in the world, whose principal businesses included insurance and financial services. Hank Greenberg, the long-term CEO of AIG,
was chosen to succeed Cornelius Starr, the founder of the company, after leading AIG's North American operations. During his tenure from 1968 until 2005, the company grew considerably.
On March 14, 2005, AIG's board forced Greenberg to step down amid increased scrutiny, followed by New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer and later the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filing civil charges against Greenberg for his role in fraudulent business practices and accounting fraud that misrepresented AIG's earnings.5
AIG Financial Products (AIGFP), which contributed to the liquidity crisis at AIG, was created in 1987. AIGFP, as well as other swap dealers, rely heavily on the credit rating of the parent company. A triple-A rating usually affords the corporation considerable leverage in negotiating contracts. Specifically, a triple-A rating provides leverage regarding if and when collateral is to be posted and the trigger and amounts of collateral, and it offers latitude in negotiations when problems arise. In the spring of 2005, rating agency Standard & Poor's (S&P) lowered the long-term senior debt and counterparty ratings of AIG from 'AAA' to 'AA.' This proved disastrous for AIGFP.6
2. AIG's Structure and Regulatory Scheme
Prior to the rescue, AIG was the world's largest insurance organization, with over $1 trillion in
assets and 76 million customers in over 130 countries. Core insurance operations encompassed both general insurance, including property and casualty, commercial and industrial, and life insurance,
including annuities and retirement services. In addition to insurance, AIG's primary business units included financial services and asset management.
Prior to the financial crisis, AIG generated annual revenue of more than $100 billion. During the 2004 to 2006 period, insurance operations accounted for nearly 90 percent of AIG's total net revenue.
3. The Causes of AIG's Problems
The trigger and primary cause of AIG's collapse came from inside AIGFP. This business unit, which included CDS on collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) backed by subprime mortgages, produced
unrealized valuation losses and collateral calls that engulfed AIG in the fall of 2008. While the risk overhang would have likely been sufficient to bring down the firm on its own, AIG's securities lending operations, which involved securities pooled from AIG's domestic life insurance subsidiaries, significantly raised the level of difficulty associated with executing a private sector solution or an orderly bankruptcy.21
The problems in AIGFP exacerbated the problems in securities lending, and vice versa, as collateral demands from both sets of counterparties quickly imperiled the company's liquidity position as it struggled to meet its cash demands. Meanwhile, the company's insurance operations were incapable of generating the requisite cash either through normal operations or asset sales to fund the parent company. In both cases, the threats within these businesses emanated from outsized exposure to the deteriorating mortgage markets, owing to grossly inadequate valuation and risk controls, including insufficient capital buffers as losses and collateral calls mounted.
AIG was taking risks with the assets of its life insurance subsidiaries through its securities lending program, creating a potential $15 billion-plus cash drain on their operations, a shortfall that may have threatened the solvency of these units.
As a result of the financial crisis, life insurance companies industry-wide felt pressure from declining asset values. At AIG, as asset valuations for CDS portfolios moved closer to levels at which collateral requirements were triggered, reserve requirements for embedded guarantees in certain insurance products were increased, but this pressure did not otherwise translate into immediate liquidity issues for the company.
a. Credit Default Swaps
AIG's downfall stemmed in large part from its CDS on multi-sector CDOs, the vaporization of value in the subprime mortgage market.25 While many counterparties purchased these contracts to hedge or minimize credit risk, AIG essentially took the other side, a one-way, long-term bet on the U.S. mortgage market.26 This bet was premised on the presumed security of the 'AAA'-plus ratings on the underlying CDOs, aided by the subordination structures built into the underlying collateral pools, as well as AIG's once stellar 'AAA' credit rating.
AIGFP's model for CDOs was insufficiently robust to anticipate the impact of the significant declines in
value associated with [their gamble]. This basic failure of comprehensive modeling and prudent risk/reward analysis on what was a relatively small slice of AIGFP's business ultimately brought down the entire firm.
AIGFP's obligations were guaranteed by its highly-rated parent company ('AAA'-rated by Standard & Poor's since 1983), an arrangement that facilitated easy money via much lower interest rates from the public markets, but ultimately made it difficult to isolate AIGFP from its parent.27 The company's stellar earnings, business diversity, and sizable equity base allowed the firm to borrow at relatively cheaper levels in the capital markets. This allowed for the emergence of a ''carry trade'' mentality—i.e., borrowing at low rates, investing/lending at higher rates, and pocketing the difference, or spread—in pursuing investments that would maximize the value of AIG's balance sheet and low cost of funds.28
It is rare for any financial institution, much less one with significant capital markets operations, to have a
AAA-rating.29 Major banks and other capital markets players could not compete with AIG's rating and its resulting access to lower-cost funding and more permissive collateral arrangements. [The] firm continued to underwrite multi-sector CDOs for almost a year after losing its AAA-rating in 2005.
In turn, the parent company benefited from the modest earnings diversity offered by AIGFP's capital markets business.30 AIG's sterling credit rating was a differentiator in the market, and allowed
the division to move aggressively into new business lines with lower levels of competition, expanding its scope as a counterparty to and underwriter of risk products, as institutional investors and financial institutions sought out more sophisticated instruments to hedge or speculate on credit, or other financial assets, through a variety of derivatives instruments.31 AIGFP both enabled and participated
in this market. Federal Reserve Chairman Bernanke later characterized AIGFP as a ''hedge fund . . . attached to a large and table insurance company.'' 32
AIGFP entered the fledging credit derivatives market in 1998 when it underwrote its first credit default swap (CDS) with JP Morgan.33 CDS contracts are privately negotiated contracts that obligate one party to pay another in the event that a third party cannot pay its obligation.34 CDS contracts function in a similar manner to insurance contracts, although their payoff structure is closer to that of a put option.35
Over time AIGFP became a central player in the fast-growing CDS market, underwriting its first corporate arbitrage CDS in 2000 and its first multi-sector CDS in 2004.36 AIGFP's corporate arbitrage CDS portfolio was comprised of CDS contracts written on corporate debt and collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and its multi-sector CDS portfolio is comprised of CDS contracts written on CDOs. The collateral pools backing the corporate debt and CLO CDS portfolio included baskets of investment-grade corporate bonds and loans of commercial and industrial loans of large banks.
The collateral pools backing the multi-sector CDOs included prime, Alt-A, and subprime residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS); commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS); and other asset-backed securities (ABS).37 CDS written on corporate debt, CLOs, and multi-sector CDOs serve as protection against ''credit events'' of the issuer of the reference obligation, including bankruptcy, failure to pay, acceleration of payments on the issuer's obligations, default on the issuer's obligations, restructuring of the issuer's debt, and similar events.38 Figure 7 shows the explosion in the CDS market from its infancy in 2001 to a market with over $60 trillion in notional contracts outstanding in 2007.
AIGFP's operating income grew from $131 million in 1994 to $949 million in 2006, paralleling the boom in the overall derivatives market, as well as the CDS market. [As] recent events make clear, the risk involved in this business was dramatically disproportionate to the revenue produced. For example, losses in 2007 totaled $11.5 billion, twice the aggregate net income produced by this division from 1994 to 2006.


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- Research
- Open Access
A low-cost, multiplexable, automated flow cytometry procedure for the characterization of microbial stress dynamics in bioreactors
© Brognaux et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013
- Received: 14 March 2013
- Accepted: 30 October 2013
- Published: 31 October 2013
Microbial cell population heterogeneity is now recognized as a major source of issues in the development and optimization of bioprocesses. Even if single cell technologies are available for the study of microbial population heterogeneity, only a few of these methods are available in order to study the dynamics of segregation directly in bioreactors. In this context, specific interfaces have been developed in order to connect a flow cytometer directly to a bioreactor for automated analyses. In this work, we propose a simplified version of such an interface and demonstrate its usefulness for multiplexed experiments.
A low-cost automated flow cytometer has been used in order to monitor the synthesis of a destabilized Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) under the regulation of the fis promoter and propidium iodide (PI) uptake. The results obtained showed that the dynamics of GFP synthesis are complex and can be attributed to a complex set of biological parameters, i.e. on the one hand the release of protein into the extracellular medium and its uptake modifying the activity of the fis promoter, and on the other hand the stability of the GFP molecule itself, which can be attributed to the protease content and energy status of the cells. In this respect, multiplexed experiments have shown a correlation between heat shock and ATP content and the stability of the reporter molecule.
This work demonstrates that a simplified version of on-line FC can be used at the process level or in a multiplexed version to investigate the dynamics of complex physiological mechanisms. In this respect, the determination of new on-line parameters derived from automated FC is of primary importance in order to fully integrate the power of FC in dedicated feedback control loops.
- Automated flow cytometry
- Phenotypic heterogeneity
- Escherichia coli
- Membrane permeability
- Green fluorescent protein
- Mini-bioreactors
Clonal populations of microbial cells exhibit phenotypic heterogeneities due to environmental factors and even in homogenous environments, considering stochastic fluctuations at the level of biochemical reactions [1]. Microbial heterogeneity is governed by a complex set of intrinsic, extrinsic and external noise components that have been thoroughly studied at the fundamental level [2–4] but only partially applied in the field of bioprocess engineering [5]. Indeed, even though the heterogeneity of microbial populations has received a lot of attention over the past few years, the real impact of this phenomenon on microbial bioprocesses remains poorly understood. The main reason behind this lack of knowledge is the difficulty in monitoring microbial population heterogeneity in dynamic process conditions. In this respect, flow cytometry (FC) is a very powerful tool for following physiological properties of microbial cells under process-related conditions [6]. The main advantage of this method is to provide information about the phenotypic heterogeneity of a microbial population. This information is critical from a bioprocess improvement perspective since the appearance of an unwanted phenotype can impair its efficiency. Such phenomena have been recently been noted during culture of recombinant Pichia pastoris with the appearance of a non-secreting phenotype [7]. However, if many techniques are available for the determination of cell physiology at a given moment in a culture, dynamic evolution of microbial resistance to stress and adaptation is still poorly described. For this purpose, an automated version of FC has been proposed for on-line monitoring of cell population heterogeneity under process-related conditions [8, 9]. Specific interfaces comprising a mixing chamber where microbial cells are diluted prior to analysis and stained (if required) have been developed and commercialized. In this way, FC could be used for feedback control at the level of a bioreactor control. Such application is of particular importance for the optimization of bioprocesses based on recombinant microorganism. Indeed, the induction of protein synthesis is often performed by adding a high concentration of inducer molecule at a given moment of the culture. However, this kind of protocol is known to induce a strong physiological stress at the level of the host cell which in turn impairs bioprocess productivity [10]. In this case, on-line FC can be used in order to monitor the intracellular protein synthesis at the single-cell level and the resulting signal can be exploited in order to trigger the feeding of an inducer. This kind of strategy has been previously investigated at the lab-scale level, but no practical applications are available at this time [11]. However, the use of automated FC is still largely underexploited in view of its power in the context of bioprocess optimization. No application of this technique for bioreactor control could be found, except for one very basic application where automated FC was used to control cell density inside a chemostat (cytostat) [12]. The main reason limiting the application of automated FC to microbial bioprocesses is the necessity for a complex interface between the FC and the bioreactor to be sampled. Commercial systems, such as the Flowcytoprep (MSP corp, MN) device, are available but are generally expensive [13]. In this work, we propose to use a benchtop Accuri flow cytometer as the basis for the design of an automated FC. This apparatus was recently tested on microbiological samples and led to reliable results [14]. In addition, fluid displacement is ensured by peristaltic pumps, facilitating the set-up of an interface with a bioreactor since no pressurization of the sample is needed. The development of previous systems was indeed impaired by the need to maintain pressure at the level of the sample unit [15–17]. Under this condition, FC can be easily interfaced to a bioreactor by using additional peristaltic pumps operated by a microcontroller. Sample dilution and staining is carried out in line in the tubing between the FC and the bioreactor. This automated FC system was tested by following the dynamics of an Escherichia coli pfis::gfpAAV fluorescent bio-reporter [18]. The reporter system consisted of an E.coli strain carrying a growth dependent promoter, in this case the fis promoter, fused to a gene expressing an unstable variant of GFP. The pfis promoter is induced in early stationary phase or when cells are shifted from low to high substrate availability [19]. This reporter system is thus a good indicator of the nutrient status of the cells. Indeed, in a mixing-deficient bioreactor, zones with high and low nutrient availability can coexist and significantly affect microbial physiology [20]. In order to increase the responsiveness of the reporter system, a destabilized gfpAAV variant exhibiting a half-life of less one hour was used [21]. The use of automated FC is thus particularly useful for this application since off-line sampling would affect the quality of the results. The combined use of the pfis::gfpAAV bio-reporter with automated FC was investigated for the first time. In a second study, the automated FC interface was multiplexed in order to monitor a platform of parallelized bioreactors. The high-throughput effectiveness of multiplexed FC was demonstrated by extracting dynamic data, giving new insights about the behaviour of the gfpAAV molecule under bioprocess conditions.
Results and discussion
Following fis::gfpAAVactivity by automated FC
A comparison between off-line and on-line samples was performed and no significant differences were observed at the level of GFP synthesis (Additional file 1: Figure S1). Moreover, off-line analyses of extracellular proteins in supernatants confirmed the occurrence of protein leakage during the chemostat phase at D = 0.14 h-1 (Additional file 2: Figure S2), potentially explaining the rise in GFP synthesis during this phase according to our hypothesis. Another hypothesis that can be advanced in order to explain the GFP over-expression during the chemostat phase involves the characteristics of the GFP variant itself. Indeed, GFPAAV exhibits a C-terminal tag recognized by the ATP-dependent ClpXP machinery [21]. The stability of the GFPAAV molecule is thus dependent on the protease content of the cells as well as on ATP availability. These two factors, and particularly the ATP level [28], are known to fluctuate during bioreactor operations, altering the degree of stability of the GFP. The rise in the GFP signal observed during the chemostat phase could thus also be explained by a decrease in the intracellular ATP pool fuelling the ClpXP protease complex. Unfortunately, both hypotheses are strengthened by the fact that the GFP signal decreases during the second phase of the chemostat phase (Figure 1, after 48 hours of culture). This observation can be explained either by down-regulation of the fis promoter and/or a decrease in the stability of the GFPAAV molecule after the ATP pool is refueled. An explanation about the respective contributions of the different above-mentioned mechanisms could thus be experimentally validated by a complex set of proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of the chemostat phase. In the context of this work, we demonstrate a multiplexed version of the automated FC platform could also be used in order to decipher these dynamics. Prior to that, observations about secondary cytometric variables, i.e. PI uptake by the cells, will be considered in the next section.
Substrate limitation induces a significant segregation of the population according to PI uptake
Multiplexing potentialities of the automated FC
In order to test the multiplexing potential of our automated FC, additional cultivation tests were carried out on a mini-bioreactors platform. This platform comprised, in our case, three parallel stirred vessels with a working volume of 200 mL each and fully equipped with standard controls. It must be pointed out that, in general, the number of reactors in parallel tends to be increased as much as possible and mini-bioreactor platforms comprising 10 to 24 vessels are common [32, 33]. These experiments also allowed exploring the second hypothesis to explain the GFP accumulation under prolonged substrate limitation: a loss of capacity by the cells to degrade the GFP protein. The aim of the experiments was to highlight the equilibrium between GFP caused by fis induction, GFP degradation by proteases and the activity of these proteases that are fuelled by ATP.
This set of experiments demonstrated the value of using a simple flow cytometer interface that can be multiplexed with several bioreactors in order to perform high throughput experiments and gain insights at the level of complex biological processes under dynamic conditions.
Towards a definition of variables for on-line characterization of population segregation in bioreactors
where %R1 is the percentage of PI negative cells and %R2 the percentage of PI intermediate cells, whereas || stands for the absolute value of the difference between the two percentages.
A low-cost FC platform has been designed in order to follow both GFP synthesis and PI uptake inside bioreactors. This system is simple, robust and gives reliable results compared with off-line analysis. However, one of the main limitations of FC is its requirement for fluorescent tag for physiologically relevant analysis. In the context of this work, a pfis::gfpAAV bio-reporter was used in order to track nutrient status at the single cell level. Automation of FC analysis is particularly useful in the case of a destabilized reporter, since off-line analysis requires sample processing that can affect the quality of the results. However, our results have shown that the response of the pfis::gfpAAV system is altered by unknown physiological mechanisms attributable either to up-regulation of the fis promoter or to the destabilized GFP itself. In this context, a multiplexed version of automated FC allowed us to demonstrate that the degree of stabilization of the GFPAAV is involved in this process and is correlated to the intracellular ATP content of the cells. Finally, MMR has been proposed as a useful parameter for on-line detection of microbial population segregation. Overall, this work demonstrates that a simplified version of on-line FC can be used at the process level or in a multiplexed version to investigate the dynamics of complex physiological mechanisms. In this respect, the determination of new on-line parameters (e.g. the MMR) is of primary importance in order to fully integrate the power of FC into dedicated feedback control loops.
Microbial GFP reporter strain and medium
Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 bearing a pGS20 plasmid with a pfis::gfpAAV gene and a chloramphenicol resistance gene was used in this work. Additional details about strain construction can be found in [18]. pGS20PfisBAAV was digested with NotI and NdeI to replace the rrnB promoter region with the E. coli fis promoter that encodes a DNA binding protein, FIS. The fis promoter was amplified from the E. coli chromosome using primers FisP-SD (this primer contains an optimized SD sequence) and FisP-up. The 300 bp PCR product was subsequently digested with NotI and NdeI and ligated into the vector fragment. The resulting plasmid was called pGS20FisGFPAAV (10–15 copies/cell, chloramphenicol resistant marker, 25 μg/mL) [18].
The strain was maintained at -80°C in working seed vials (2 ml). Pre-cultures and cultures were grown on a defined mineral salt medium containing (in g/L): K2HPO4 14.6, NaH2PO4.2H2O 3.6, Na2SO4 2.0, (NH4)2SO4 2.47, NH4Cl 0.5, (NH4)2-H-citrate 1.0, glucose 5.0, thiamine 0.01, and chloramphenicol 0.05. Thiamine and kanamycin were sterilized by filtration (0.2 μm). The medium was supplemented with 3 mL/L trace solution, 3 mL/L FeCl3.6H2O solution (16.7 g/L), 3 mL/L EDTA solution (20.1 g/L) and 2 mL/L MgSO4 solution (120 g/L). The trace solution contained (in g/L): CoCl2.H2O 0.74, ZnSO4.7H2O 0.18, MnSO4.H2O 0.1, CuSO4.5H2O 0.1, and CoSO4.7H2O 0.21. Before operating in the bioreactor, a pre-cultivation step was performed in 100 mL of the above-mentioned medium in a baffled shaker flask at 37°C under orbital shaking at 140 rounds per minute during 16 h.
Automated FC protocol
Bioreactor operating conditions
Chemostats were carried out in a lab-scale stirred bioreactor (Biostat B-Twin, Sartorius with a total volume of 3 L; working volume of 1 L; mixing provided by a standard Rushton disk turbine with 6 blades) in remote control mode interfaced with the MFCS/win 3.0 software. During the experiments, pH was maintained at 6.9 (regulation by ammonia and phosphoric acid) the stirrer rate at 800 rpm, the air flow rate at 1 L/min and the temperature at 37°C. The chemostat phase was stabilized during 43 h with a feeding solution containing 5 g/L of glucose solution (in the same minimal medium as previously described) at a dilution rate of 0.14 h-1(corresponding to 6 residence times). Glucose pulses were performed during 24 h at the same dilution rate by adding pulses of 8 mL of a glucose solution (30 g/L made up in distilled water) each 15 minutes. Additional batch experiments were performed on a Dasgip mini-bioreactor platform. The mini-bioreactors were filled with 200 mL of the defined medium previously described. Stirring was provided by two Rushton turbines with 6 blades at an agitation rate of 900 min-1. The air flow was maintained at 100 mL/min and the pH was kept at 7.0. The first experiments involved three bioreactors at three different temperatures: 30°C, 37°C and 42°C. A second experiment was also performed. The three reactors were started at 30°C. After 4 h, the temperature was increased in the reactors to 42°C to induce a thermal shock and ATP-dependent protease synthesis. In the second and the third bioreactors, an acetate pulse and a glucose pulse, respectively, were delivered at the same time (2 g added in total). All these experiments were carried out with two replicates. At both scales, cell growth was monitored by optical density (OD) at a wavelength of 600 nm (Genesys 105 UV–VIS spectrophotometer, purchased from Thermo Scientific). Cell dry weight was determined on the basis of filtered samples (0.45 μm) dried during 24 h at 105°C.
Glucose concentration was monitored by a YSI (Yellow Spring Instrument Co) electro-enzymatic system. Samples were injected into a chamber filled with a buffer solution and the sample was diffused through a polycarbonate membrane that limited the reaction rate. Membrane-immobilised glucose oxidase produced hydrogen peroxide that diffused through a cellulose acetate membrane and was oxidized by a palatine electrode. The signal was proportional to the glucose concentration up to 2.5 g/L. More concentrated samples were diluted first. The total amount of protein in the extracellular medium was measured on the basis of the Folin-Lowry method [44].
ATP assays were performed on supernatants from the mini-bioreactors according to the CellTiteGlo® luminescent assay. The assay procedure involved adding a simple reagent directly to the cells. This resulted in cell lysis and generation of a luminescent signal proportional to the amount of ATP present, measured by a V3 Wallac luminometer (Perkin Elmer). This relies on the properties of a thermostable luciferase that generates a stable luminescent signal for 5 hours: mono-oxygenation of luciferin is catalysed by luciferase in the presence of Mg2+, ATP and molecular oxygen. One hundred microlitres of reagent was added to 100 μl of culture medium (the cell concentration has to be less than 5.104 cell/ml). A calibration curve was done over the same measurement range. All analyses were performed in triplicates and expressed as specific ATP, i.e. the ATP concentration divided by cell optical density.
AB is the recipient of a PhD FRIA grant provided by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS). The authors gratefully acknowledge Samuel Telek and Rudy Schartz for their excellent technical assistance.
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Netflix will release globally on February 16th, the first three episodes of First team: Juventus a Netflix original docu-series following the stories of the Italian powerhouse football club. The second part will be released later this year. Netflix will follow the most compelling stories and characters in the club during the 2017-2018 season, spending time with the players both on and off the field, on the road, at home and wherever it takes to capture in depth the real lives that make Juventus one of the most fascinating teams in the world. Fans and supporters worldwide will have access to the club's "behind the scenes" and will feel closer than ever not only to the club that has won six straight league titles, but also to some of the greatest footballers such as the legend Alessandro Del Piero, players like Federico Bernardeschi, Giorgio Chiellini, Douglas Costa, Gonzalo Higuaín, Claudio Marchisio, Miralem Pjanic, Daniele Rugani, the captain Gianluigi Buffon and the coach Massimiliano Allegri.
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I love the new OneDrive files on-demand feature included as part of the Windows 10 Fall Creators update.
I don't usually write about Windows 10 features, but because the OneDrive sync client is used for OneDrive and SharePoint library syncing and is used extensively by end-users (which is what I usually do write about), I thought it was relevant. This Fall Creators update feature is a great usability and performance boost because it means an entire library/folder doesn't need to be synced to local storage. This is something particularly important for those large SharePoint document libraries end-users may be trying to sync – I've seen a few.
This new feature plays in nicely with my typical Office 365 Adoption focus. Since this is a departure from the previous OneDrive client end-users are used to working with where everything was synced and stored locally, it is important to ensure the new status icons are understood by them so they can continue to work with their files whether or not they have an internet connection. You don't want them thinking a file will be available offline and then realizing too late it has not been synced.
This is an excellent example of content to for an Office 365 Adoption Resource Centre in your organization. You do have one right? 😉
Status Icons
These icons let you know whether files are available only online or offline. Here are 3 files with each of the status icons:
If you've selected the 'Always keep on this device' option for a file, you'll see this icon. These files use local storage space on that device.
These files are available offline, you can open them without an internet connection, and they're taking up local storage space.
This file is only available when connected to the internet and doesn't use any local storage. You'll need to double-click the file to finish its download.
Force it Online or Offline
You can always force a file to consume local storage by selecting the 'Always keep on this device' file menu option.
Conversely, you can free up local storage so the file is only stored in the cloud by selecting the 'Free up space' menu option directly below it.
Thanks for reading.
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Marci is available for interviews, book signings, blog tours, and public speaking. Media can contact her via web.
About Marci Diehl:
Short: While Marci Diehl is best known as an essayist, writer and editor for national, regional and local magazines, Diehl has written fiction since she was a child, and kept a "log" of her experiences as an 18 year old on an ill-fated bus tour of Europe. That log developed into her debut novel, What You Don't Know Now. She lives in the Finger Lakes region of New York State.
Long: Marci Diehl has been writing since she was old enough to put sentences together and write letters. At ten she wrote and illustrated her first novel, twenty pages of notebook paper stapled together. She moved on to become the "geeky language nerd" in school, an inveterate note-passer (sometimes up to 6 pages long), comedy sketch writer, and winner of school awards for her editorials, short story and columns. She kept a "log" of her experiences as an 18 year old on an ill-fated bus tour of Europe, which developed decades later into her debut novel, What You Don't Know Now. Diehl spent half her adult life traversing the nation as a PGA Tour Wife and traveling mother of four sons, writing for national, regional and local magazines on lifestyle, golf, travel, and humor. She's also a multi-media writer for business when she isn't walking her dog, Sugar. She lives in the Finger Lakes region of New York State.
What You Don't Know Now:
About the Book:
It's the summer of 1967, and 18-year-old American Bridey McKenna is in Europe for the first time. It's supposed to be the ultimate mother-daughter vacation, but nothing about it is working out that way. Chances for adventure, romance and enlightenment look slim-to-none until Bridey arrives in Umbria and meets Alessandro — someone who could change everything about her future. Alessandro is no ordinary singing waiter, and he's the last person on earth Bridey's mother wants in her daughter's life. Bridey's only hope is to connect in Rome with her worldly aunt and uncle — a man who holds a position at the British embassy in Jordan that no one ever quite defines. When an emergency takes Bridey off the tour, on to Athens and further into her aunt and uncle's world than Bridey ever dreamed, the complex terrain of family, love and womanhood holds a surprising itinerary. Read Sample Chapters
Advance Praise:
"Against the backdrop of Germany, Italy, and Greece, Bridey McKenna's summer adventure plays out in ways she could have never imagined. Marci Diehl's magical storytelling invites us to smell the sea, bask in the Mediterranean sunshine and join Bridey on an emotional journey that is an intricate blend of intrigue, sexual awakening, romance, and self-discovery." -Kathy Johncox, author of What a Kiss Can Do
"This is a more complex book than a simple review can cover. It's about the joys and trials of travel, the intensity of family relationships, issues of trust and acceptance, and love found and love deferred. It even touches on issues of class and ethnic bigotry. How will it all end? Ms. Diehl provides a satisfying ending that leaves us on just the right note of hope, wonder and anticipation."
~ Carol White Llewellyn, Conversations With Creatives
"Reawaken your sense of adventure! Have you ever read a book that gave you the feeling of packing your bags and just going where your feet will take you? What You Don't Know Now is definitely a book to read this summer." -GoodReads review by Scribes23
Sample Interview Questions and Answers:
Give us a quick sentence (elevator pitch) of your book?
An 18-year-old American girl travels in Europe on a 7-country, 21-day bus tour during the tumultuous summer of 1967, to find fate has a surprising, unusual itinerary in store for her in family, love and womanhood. In the summer before college, it's the education of a lifetime.
What genre is your book?
What You Don't Know Now is a coming-of-age novel. This is women's fiction (a commercial novel with a female on the brink of life change and personal growth, and includes a hopeful/upbeat ending to her romantic relationship). It also crosses into a new genre – New Adult (a genre of fiction with protagonists in the 18-25 age bracket, with a focus on issues such as leaving home, developing sexuality, and negotiating education and career choices).
Describe the main character?
Overprotected, raised to follow the rules and longing for even a hint of adventure to experience, Bridey McKenna is an 18-year-old American touring Europe in the summer of 1967 with her mother, aunt and 14 year old cousin on a 21-day, 7-country bus tour. The tour is loaded with nuns, widows, a priest and an elderly man, and worse, is inauspiciously named the Summer Vacation Pilgrimage. Smart, flippant, and self-absorbed, Bridey is a '60s girl with her long hair, mini dresses, and Twiggy eye makeup but she's no hippie. She's just graduated from an all-girls school, college-bound for Georgetown University. "She wasn't about to follow some priest around all day. She planned on finding enlightenment in other ways."
Bridey comes from a small town in western New York State where her father is a carpenter and her mother stays at home, raising Bridey and her two brothers. But Bridey has an aunt and uncle who have lived most of her life in Pakistan, Lebanon and Jordan. Bridey idolizes her glamorous, worldly Aunt Maura while feeling intimidated by her mysterious and distant Uncle Hugh, who has a job with the British government no one talks about. Bridey's journey causes her to question old rules and roles, and stirs her rebellion, her blossoming sexuality, and her awakened sense of miraculous possibility in life and the world around her.
What made you write this story?
When I was 18, I took a similar trip in Europe and kept a travel journal. Turning 18 is a threshold for girls – a step into early womanhood, and most 18-year-olds think they know all they need to at that stage. I think I certainly felt that way. The tour I took was so terrible I knew it would make a great (possibly funny) book someday. It wasn't until I was grown and re-read the journal that I saw myself as an 18-year-old complaining endlessly about the misadventures of the tour, not appreciating what was before me. I did see how much I loved my family for keeping their sense of humor and bond despite separation.
I imagined a different story unfolding. It was a story about the love between mothers and daughters, aunts who were like "second mothers," and the bond of sisters. I also wanted to write about the idea of the lightning-strike of love during a summer holiday, and the question of whether you fall in love with someone because of his charisma and talent. The push-pull of love.
Our trip also included dumping that tour and heading to Athens, where my aunt, uncle and cousins were staying after being evacuated out of Jordan during wartime. The uncle character in the novel is based upon my own uncle, who was a spy for the U.S. – but I had no idea as a teen that he was an important intelligence officer. I thought the idea of writing about the "normal" side of a spy's family life was intriguing and lent an unusual element to Bridey's story.
Who should read your book?
It's definitely for adults at least over 18, due to the sexual content of a couple of scenes. Who should read it? Mothers, daughters, sisters, aunts, cousins, grandmothers, nieces; women who lived through the 1960's; anyone who took a trip to Italy or Europe and found a romance (there are more women out there that did than you may imagine!). People who are interested in history, travel, operatic tenors and their incubation, Italy, the Vietnam War era, life in the 1960's, or Greece. Or anyone who has faced the choice of giving up what you most want to keep.
News Release: Coming Soon: Connect with LinkedIn:


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Every Tuesday, from 03/19/2019 to 05/07/2019, 6:30 p - 8:30 p, Room: A202
Psalm 23: The Shepherd with Me
Tuesdays, 6:30p-8:30p, March 19, 2019-May 7, 2019
In this 7-session study by Jennifer Rothschild, gain fresh insight and encouragement from Psalm 23. Explore the depths of God's compassionate care while debunking the self-reliance myth. Learn how your vulnerability is not a liability because you can trust the Shepherd's goodness throughout each season of life.
Many women know Psalm 23 by heart but haven't experienced its power in their lives. This beloved psalm can breathe new life into women who are weary and unsure of their next steps. It's more than a psalm that comforts in death; it gives confidence in life.
Teachers: Brenda Brakebill
Childcare is available for an additional fee of $30.00.


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Please be informed that SKC, Inc. is increasing prices on all SKC PET films. The increase is a minimum of $0.10/lb. effective with shipments on or after March 1, 2017. This price adjustment is due to rising raw material costs and increasing demand. SKC, Inc. will continue striving to exceed your expectations as a valued solution provider of polyester and specialty films.
SKC truly appreciates your business and thank you for your continued support.
Young Jo
VP of Sales and Marketing
SKC, Inc.


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Saying that the opening 5 tracks of Heal is a Tour De Force feels like an understatement. No album in 2012 has opened this strong, with 4 massive eurodance stompers, including Eurovision winner Euphoria, and the subtle brilliance of Everytime between. There's a continuous driving force here and while she loses steam near the end, Loreen keeps the listener guessing with darker tracks like Sidewalk and Sober. The production is vast, thundering synth and drum machines mixing with Loreen's striking vocals to great effect. Heal is a dark, inventive take on Eurodance that forces Loreen into view, I'm hardly complaining.
Essential Track: My Heart Is Refusing Me


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There's a question that's been bouncing around in my head recently. How could information technology revolutionise the process of government?
I mean, if you think about it, the reason we have representatives in Parliament, is because of the intrinsic difficulties involved in letting everyone in the country express their opinion - both because of the geographic limitations, and because of time constraints - keeping up with all the debates in the commons is time consuming.
But ... that's not actually necessary any more, really is it? I mean, how many votes did we have in the recent X-factor, big brother, or strictly come dancing?
Right now, we've got a large proportion of our population telecommunication capable, with more than a few able to 'do' the internet, in some form or other.
So anyway. Hypothetically speaking, if we were to:
1/ Ensure that everyone _did_ have internet capability.
2/ Allow some kind of 'transferrable vote' based democracy, such that you can
either: Vote on an issue yourself or transfer your vote to someone else, on the basis that they will represent your interest.
Could a system of government based around this principle ... even be functional? And would it be better or worse than the current system?


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CAZADERO, Calif. (KGO) -- A 67-year old Sonoma County woman is recovering after spending an entire night trapped inside her car after plunging into Austin Creek near Cazadero.
The woman was saved by a newly trained water rescue team and her own survival instinct.
The Subaru struck some rocks, rolled over once and landed on its wheel before traveling down the creek 20 feet. The car became lodged on a rock and the Cazadora Fire Department's water rescuers responded.
The 67-year-old woman managed to stay above water in the backseat with her dog for eight hours. "She was really calm," Water Rescue Team member Gabe Barrio said.
Barrio and Cory Olson are part of the newly trained water rescue team. They used their new equipment for the first time in a real life situation.
"We got a life jacket around her and if you were to head to the other side of the creek, it got shallower and shallower, so we walked her across," Barrio said.
The car landed on its wheels and a rock kept it from moving.
Those circumstances worked in the driver's favor. Plus, emergency officials say the victim handled it well by remaining calm.
"She didn't get out of the vehicle which was a major play. The water was moving quickly which probably would have swept her away," Barrio said.
The woman was suffering from hypothermia. And Russian River paramedics transported her to the hospital by ambulance.
"We just got done with our training and this happened, it was meant to happen," Cory Olsen said.
"It makes us feel good we are all volunteers, we do this to help our communities," Cazadero Fire Chief Steve Krausmann said.
Woman rescued after spending night in car in creek near Russian River
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White Whine, indeed.
Parsing Politics and Finding Cool Stuff on the Internet
White Whine, indeed.
are mapped out well by Gabor Rona. This seems to be the day of subjective material:
For one thing, the two countries have different visions of the purposes of the Geneva Conventions. In the European collective memory, war is as much a scourge on civilians as on combatants. For Americans, war happens elsewhere to US combatants, not to US civilians, the last major war fought on US soil having been a century and a half ago. In Europe, human rights and "humanitarian law" (as the laws of armed conflict are known there) are part of a broader school curriculum, as the Geneva Conventions require. In the US, the "laws of war" (as they are known there) are more exclusively the province of the military and you are lucky to find it taught in law school, let alone high school.
The two countries also differ greatly on enforcement of international human rights obligations. The main European human rights treaty, the European Convention on Human Rights, is enforced by an independent court. The main human rights treaty to which the US is a party, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, has no enforcement mechanism applicable to the US. Meanwhile, American courts typically refuse to enforce the Geneva Conventions and human rights law.
It is astounding that we hold other countries to such a high standard but seem to fail miserably in some major areas (human rights to name a biggie).
My grammar needs work.
Draino said he would vote for a politician that wasn't a Christian so long as they had common sense. If you follow the trail through the hyper links, it is delving into these comments by Christine O'Donnell:
O'DONNELL: A lie, whether it be a lie or an exaggeration, is disrespect to whoever you're exaggerating or lying to, because it's not respecting reality.
MAHER: Quite the opposite, it can be respect.
IZZARD: What if someone comes to you in the middle of the Second World War and says, 'do you have any Jewish people in your house?' and you do have them. That would be a lie. That would be disrespectful to Hitler.
O'DONNELL: I believe if I were in that situation, God would provide a way to do the right thing righteously. I believe that!
MAHER: God is not there. Hitler's there and you're there.
O'DONNELL: You never have to practice deception. God always provides a way out.
Tim Wise continues the railing against O'Donnell. Here are a few points I have related to O'Donnell:


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I try to have a daily practice of finding moments of gratitude.
The other day I found myself feeling grateful for all the times I've surprised myself with how strong I can be. And no, this isn't me having a #humblebrag. I can think back to many times when I was surprisingly strong.
Sometimes I find unexpected physical strength. This past summer, for example, I was surprised when I realized how good yoga has been for my body. When I started up with Spartan boot camp, I was in a really good place — my arms and core were strong. I had thought my yoga practice was more for my mind and spirit strength, but it looks like there's quite a few unexpected physical benefits too.
But the other ways I've been surprisingly strong is when I look back to the times when I felt so weak (especially at the time). When I look back to how far I've come, there had to be some serious strength in order to do what I did.
It took strength to move from Savannah, GA to Saskatoon, SK. When I think about moving across one country to begin a life in an entirely different country, I don't know if I could do it today. But I did do it, when I was only 24 years old.
It took strength to leave relationships that weren't healthy. The other day I found an old journal of mine, where back in 2008 I was very sad and wrote about how trapped and lonely I felt. At that time, I didn't feel like I had any options but to stay in a relationship where I wasn't being supported. But, somehow, I found strength to stand up for myself and the needs I have, and leave a relationship where I wasn't being cared for. It wasn't always easy (as much of my sad-sack posts of 2014 can attest to), but I did it. Because I'm strong.
This last year hasn't always been the easiest, in terms of the personal struggles I've gone through or have witnessed in my loved ones' lives. When I look back on some of what's happened, I'm surprised at how I got through it.
So, for today, I'm grateful for the inner reserve I've got within me. Here's hoping it won't be tested too much in the coming New Year.


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Windows/Mac/Linux: The latest version of OpenOffice.org, the free and open-source office suite, improves startup times by over 40 per cent (by some tests), improves importing and support for password-protected and 2007 office files, and improves many areas of the Calc spreadsheet.
Tagged With office 2007
A US Court of Appeals has upheld a patent infringement suit brought by a Canadian software company against Microsoft, and Microsoft now has until January 11 to either issue new versions or stop settling Office 2007, and Word 2007 specifically.
What's the most commonly encountered issue with PowerPoint? Turns out it's not designing poor presentations or objects not lining up properly.
Windows only: Office 2007's Ribbon interface remains a love-it-or-hate-it affair for money, and for those of you who miss the Microsoft Office 2003 menu that's entrenched in your muscle memory, UBitMenu can help. This plug-in adds a new Menu entry to the Office 2007 ribbon (specifically in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint). When clicked, your ribbon displays the classic Office 2003 menu, complete with the buttons and file menus you're used to from your old Office 2003 install. As Samer from FreewareGenius points out, not every single bit of functionality remains in the UBitMenu toolbar as is available in Office 2003—due mostly to changes in Office—but most of the features you're used to remain in all their glory. Even if you're keen on the Office 2007 ribbon, UBitMenu is a nice tool to ease the transition from 2003 to 2007 while you're polishing your new Office mojo.
Word 2007 includes a built-in comparison feature for working out what has changed between two documents, but the menu option for invoking the comparison includes so many options you can quickly get confused. The Word blog includes a comprehensive rundown on how the options work. While the default is to compare everything, unless you're proofing a document for formatting it makes sense to de-select some options: who cares about white space if what you're worried about is if text is changed or removed? For a cloud-centric way of comparing documents, check out how to compare documents in Google Docs.
Advanced Comparison of Word Documents
The Microsoft Office Word Team blog runs down how you can see inside the contests of a Word 2007 file (essentially, renaming it to a .zip extension and then looking inside at the collection of XML files; the details are in the Appendix). The same technique can be used on any Office 2007 file, and could prove useful if a file gets corrupted and you're trying to extract some key data. It also provides an insight into how Office files are structured, though casually parsing XML is not for the faint of heart.
Microsoft Office Word Team Blog
In Office 2007, Word automatically defaults to full print preview mode, which is fine if you're a design obsessive but a big waste of screen real estate if you just want to get some words written. Fortunately, you can make Word default to draft view, though it's a very obscure option. (Proving the point: while Microsoft notes how to fix this in its online support site, somewhat remarkably this information isn't included in Word 2007's own online help.)To make Draft the default view, select Word Options from the main Office menu (or just type Alt-T then O), and scroll down to the General section. Tick 'Allow opening a document in Draft view' (despite the confusing phrasing, this actually affects new documents as well). In my experience, you need to exit and relaunch Word to make the setting stick. To really maximise your available screen real estate, you can also minimise the Ribbon (an option under the nearly invisible 'Customize Quick Access Toolbar' downward arrow button to the right of the Office button).
Microsoft Australia is currently running one of those "visit our site and we'll give money to charity" promotions, promising to donate $1 to the Smith Family for every viewer (up to a $100,000 ceiling) of a site which promotes Office 2007 (and is also a sneaky way to get people to install Silverlight, Microsoft's Flash wannabe). I can't help thinking Microsoft would convince more people to use 2007 if the cursed Ribbon got dumped, but still, why not direct some more of Bill's money towards a worthy cause? (Handy tip: don't try this on a slow connection, on my Next G link it was beyond painful.)Microsoft Smith Family Office Charity
One year ago, you toured the then-new Microsoft Office 2007 interface. Windows users: have you made the switch yet?
Whether you love or hate Microsoft Office 2007's new ribbon interface, everyone can see that it's pretty dang big. To maximise your workspace, you can minimise the ribbon—and the How-To Geek has the details. Just right-click on the ribbon and choose "Minimize the Ribbon." Then to get to a button you need, hover over one of the ribbon tab names.
Maximize Space by "Auto-Hiding" the Ribbon in Office 2007


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Subject: Call for Papers: KES'2000
From: Tran / Dat Tat (ISE) (email@example.com)
Date: Thu Jan 20 2000 - 03:20:27 MET
We appologize if you receive multiple copies
Invitation for papers for the session:
"Human-Computer Communication and Control:
New Developments and Applications"
The Fourth International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent
Engineering Systems & Allied Technologies (KES'2000)
30 August-1 September 2000, University of Brighton, Sussex, U.K
You are invited to submit session papers related, but not limited, to the
following topics:
a) Speech recognition and speaker identification.
b) Image processing: Human vision, fingerprint identification, figure
(face, character, scene, etc.) recognition.
c) Human hearing system and musical instrument models.
d) Human brain and mind: new developments.
e) Applications of Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Neural network, etc. in
f) Others.
Papers must be written in English, two column format in size 10 of Times
New Roman font, or similar font, with a one-inch margin on all four sides.
The maximum length of a paper is four pages (A4 size), including an
abstract of about 100-200 words.
Please also provide the following information: full name, address,
telephone and fax numbers, and E-mail address of the authors.
Every paper will be reviewed by two reviewers.
The conference proceedings will be published by IEEE.
Please e-mail your papers' postscript files or send your papers to:
Dr. Kim Le, School of Computing
University of Canberra, PO Box 1, Belconnen, ACT 2616
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Receipt of papers: 1 March 2000
Notification of acceptance: 1 May 2000
Receipt of camera-ready copies of papers: 1 June 2000
For further information about the conference, please visit the conference
web site:
This message was posted through the fuzzy mailing list.
(1) To subscribe to this mailing list, send a message body of
"SUB FUZZY-MAIL myFirstName mySurname" to email@example.com
(2) To unsubscribe from this mailing list, send a message body of
"UNSUB FUZZY-MAIL" or "UNSUB FUZZY-MAIL email@example.com"
to email@example.com
(3) To reach the human who maintains the list, send mail to
(4) WWW access and other information on Fuzzy Sets and Logic see
(5) WWW archive: http://www.dbai.tuwien.ac.at/marchives/fuzzy-mail/index.html
This archive was generated by hypermail 2b25 : Thu Apr 06 2000 - 15:59:39 MET DST


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Elk Lodge Art Tapestry Wall Hanging
This high quality tapestry features a magnificent elk framed within a Southwestern-style border.
26" width x 34" length
Jacquard woven 100% cotton. Not a print.
Rod pocket.
Fully lined on the back side.
Weighted bottom.
Rod not included.
Made in the USA.
Special Delivery/Handling:
If not in stock, please allow up to 4 weeks for production in addition to the shipping time. Thank you.
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Australia Day Poster
The Boston Demons are holding their annual Australia Day fundraiser this Saturday at the Asgard Pub in Cambridge. It's a fun event for everyone - Aussie or otherwise - with lots of beer, pie, and dancing.
I did the typography for the poster by hand in ink and then overlaid it on the image in Photoshop. I challenged myself to try to successfully use an obvious gradient. Usually I stay far away from gradients in my design work since they can get cheesy very easily. In this case I think it works.