text:
- Proceedings
- Open Access
Comparing performance of non–tree-based and tree-based association mapping methods
- Katherine L. Thompson1Email author and
- David W. Fardo2
© The Author(s). 2016
- Published: 18 October 2016
A central goal in the biomedical and biological sciences is to link variation in quantitative traits to locations along the genome (single nucleotide polymorphisms). Sequencing technology has rapidly advanced in recent decades, along with the statistical methodology to analyze genetic data. Two classes of association mapping methods exist: those that account for the evolutionary relatedness among individuals, and those that ignore the evolutionary relationships among individuals. While the former methods more fully use implicit information in the data, the latter methods are more flexible in the types of data they can handle. This study presents a comparison of the 2 types of association mapping methods when they are applied to simulated data.
- Causal Locus
- Implicit Information
- Quantitative Trait Mapping
- External Covariates
- Simulated Phenotype
Linking variation in quantitative traits to locations along the genome (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) is a central goal in the biomedical and biological sciences. The rapid growth of sequencing technology in recent decades has given researchers the ability to sequence genomes in a time-efficient and cost-efficient way. Development of statistical methods appropriate to search for associations among SNPs and quantitative traits (or phenotypes) has been quite active, often with complex data sets [1]. These complex scenarios include, but are not limited to, the case that the trait is simultaneously influenced by external covariates, multiple genes, or by gene–gene interactions. This complexity is exacerbated by the fact that many of the influences of SNPs on quantitative traits have only been through small effect sizes. Understanding these associations could prove useful in the disease diagnosis and/or treatment of human diseases, as well as in answering questions in evolutionary biology.
The search for SNPs associated with variation in a quantitative trait under study is often referred to as quantitative trait mapping (QTM). There are 2 specific goals of QTM: detection of SNPs associated with variation in quantitative trait(s) and localization of SNPs associated with variation in quantitative trait(s). In detection, the goal is to determine if any SNP in the region of the truly associated SNP is statistically significant. However, when analyzing hundreds of thousands of SNPs, the chance of detecting the exact causal locus is very small. As such, preferred methods will detect SNPs that are nearer to the causal SNP. This goal is referred to as localization.
Some association mapping methods (such as the classical t-test and those in McClurg et al. [2]) analyze genomic data efficiently and can detect strong associations among SNPs and a quantitative trait under study. In these methods, samples are grouped according to allele type at a single site or set of sites, and tests are performed to look for differences in trait value among such sites. However, these methods may miss weaker signals because they fail to use all available information, such as uneven evolutionary relatedness present in population-based samples of individuals.
Consider the evolutionary history of a SNP associated with a trait. If 2 observations share a large portion of their evolutionary history (as is the case of the 2 blue diamonds in Fig. 1), their respective trait values are expected have a large correlation, whereas if 2 observations share little evolutionary history (as is the case of the 2 black circles in Fig. 1), their trait values are also expected to show little correlation. Thus, the evolutionary history of a SNP associated with a quantitative trait imposes a correlation structure on the trait values. Tree-based methods that use this correlation structure during analysis may have improved ability to detect weaker associations compared to methods that assume independence among observations.
Tree-based methods, such as those in Besenbacher et al. [3], Pan et al. [4], Thompson and Kubatko [5], Zhang et al. [6], and Zöllner and Pritchard [7], usually use the evolutionary history within each SNP, in the form of a phylogenetic tree, to gain information about the relationships among observations of the trait during analysis of genomic data. However, existing tree-based methods are also unable to consider complex, but biologically realistic data, such as external covariate data. In addition, by using more implicit information present in the data, tree-based methods also incur a computational cost. By using this implicit information, they may show improved performance compared to methods that are not tree based.
In this study, both a non–tree-based method and a tree-based method are used to directly compare performance of the 2 classes of methods. The analyzed data contains simulated phenotypes on 1943 unrelated individuals [8]. Five genes (TNN, LEPR, GSN, TCIRG1, and FLT3) were analyzed.
The data analyzed was provided by the Genetics Analysis Workshop 19 [8]. Beagle was used to impute missing SNP data and to phase the genotypic data into haplotypes [9]. We analyzed SNPs in 5 genes and included 100,000 base pairs upstream or downstream from each gene (TNN, LEPR, GSN, TCIRG1, and FLT3). Locations of genes were determined using GeneCards Version 3 [10] and data was extracted using VCFtools Version 0.1.12b [11]. SNPs lacking 2 or more variants across samples were not analyzed.
The classical 2-sample t-test and the likelihood score statistic (LSS) approach [5] were studied to compare the performance of a non–tree-based method and a tree-based method. For the classical t-test, at each SNP, the chromosomal observations were partitioned according to SNP state (minor or major allele), and a pooled t-test was performed using these 2 groups. It should be noted that the number of observations is twice the number of individuals in the study.
Here, \( \widehat{\boldsymbol{\mu}} \) and \( {\widehat{\sigma}}^2 \) are the maximum likelihood estimates of μ and σ2, respectively. The LSS treats each allele as an observation, so that the number of observations, n, is twice the number of individuals under study.
We have 2 goals to address—detection of the gene and localization of the causal loci—and we compare the performance of a tree-based method (the LSS) to a non–tree-based method (the classical t-test using chromosomes as observations as in Sasieni [13]) in terms of each goal. To address detection, permutation testing was performed. We created 100 permutation data sets by shuffling the trait values across genotypes, creating random trait–genotype pairs. The detection p-value was taken to be the proportion of permuted data sets producing test statistic values more extreme than the test statistic calculated using the observed data. To address localization, the average LSS and t-statistic values are shown at each SNP for comparison to the absolute true effect size at each SNP analyzed. The performance of the phylogenetic method (LSS) and the pooled 2-sample t-test were compared in the case of each goal.
Both the pooled t-test and the LSS (with a maximum of k = 15 clusters) were used to analyze systolic blood pressure using 5 genes from the 200 simulated phenotype data sets. All loci in all replicates chose far fewer than k = 15 clusters. We note that the alleles t-test does not account for phenotypic correlation between repeated measures across chromosomes. Four of these genes (TNN, LEPR, FLT3, and GSN) ranked in the top 9 genes in terms of total percentage variation in simulated systolic blood pressure (SBP). TNN and LEPR had effect sizes as large in magnitude as 10.89 and 11.99, respectively. We also analyzed genes accounting for a smaller percentage of the total variation in SBP, including FLT3, TCIRG1, and GSN, which had effect sizes as large in magnitude as 3.89, 3.38, and 0.76, respectively. Detection and localization performance was compared across the non–tree-based t-test and the tree-based LSS approach.
Comparing power and type I error across methods using simulated data
(97 SNPs)
(79 SNPs)
(87 SNPs)
(139 SNPs)
(131 SNPs)
Type I error
In this study, genomic data were analyzed using both a classical non–tree-based approach (the 2-sample t-test) and a more recently proposed tree-based approach (the LSS). The results highlight the differences between the considered methods with respect to both the detection and the localization analyses. In the detection analysis, the methods showed similar power, but differed slightly in type I error rates. However, allelic tests can be biased [13], and this could be the root of the inflation in the type I error rate of the t-test. In a separate simulation study, we used an empirically derived critical value from the Q1 (null) trait data to make decisions about detection. In this case, the powers of detection were similar (within 2.5 %) of the results shown in Table 1 (data not shown). When considering localization, the LSS and the t-test had similar trends in estimating the location of the truly causal loci. In the case of a smaller effect size (GSN), the LSS outperformed the t-test, which may point to an advantage of using additional implicit information in genomic data sets to search for weaker genetic signals rather than excluding this information.
The study performed here was advantageous in that the simulated phenotypes were far more complex [8] than most previous simulated genetic data sets (e.g., see Besenbacher et al. [3], Pan et al. [4], Zhang et al. [6], and Zöllner and Pritchard [7]). However, the analyses were simplified in that they considered only the SNP data and phenotype of interest but ignored information about external variables (such as sex) present in the data. Although some existing non–tree-based methods are flexible enough to handle more complex biological scenarios such as the additional influence of external covariates on the trait under study, these methods fail to use all the information present in the data by ignoring the uneven evolutionary relatedness among the sampled individuals. Tree-based methods gain information about the covariance structure of the trait observations by considering the phylogenetic tree within each SNP, but incur a computational cost by doing so. In addition, existing tree-based methods are limited by an inelasticity to handle complex, but biologically realistic, data, such as data including external covariate information. As such, discussion and analyses here included SNP and phenotypic data to show an even comparison of the 2 classes of methods. However, as the phylogenetic method showed some promise in its ability to detect weaker genetic signals, developing tree-based techniques that are flexible enough to handle more complex data types could improve the success of association mapping using genomic data.
Even though the rapid advancement of sequencing technology has produced large quantities of genomic data to analyze, improvements upon QTM methods continue to be developed. Non–tree-based methods exist to analyze complex data sets, but such methods tend to find large genetic effects. Currently, tree-based methods are able to analyze only basic genetic data sets, but more fully use implicit information in the genetic data to estimate the evolutionary relatedness among observations. These methods may improve upon QTM performance of non–tree-based methods, and could be extended so they are able to analyze more complex scenarios, such as inclusion of external covariates. Doing so would address a current limitation of tree-based association mapping methods and could improve the performance of methods in explaining variation in quantitative traits under study.
This work was partially supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant K25AG043546 (DWF). The Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) is supported by NIH grant R01 GM031575. The GAW19 whole genome sequence data were provided by the Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Exploration by Next-generation sequencing in Ethnic Samples (T2D-GENES) Consortium, which is supported by NIH grants U01 DK085524, U01 DK085584, U01 DK085501, U01 DK085526, and U01 DK085545. The other genetic and phenotypic data for GAW18 were provided by the San Antonio Family Heart Study and San Antonio Family Diabetes/Gallbladder Study, which are supported by NIH grants P01 HL045222, R01 DK047482, and R01 DK053889. The GAW is supported by NIH grant R01 GM031575.
This article has been published as part of BMC Proceedings Volume 10 Supplement 7, 2016: Genetic Analysis Workshop 19: Sequence, Blood Pressure and Expression Data. Summary articles. The full contents of the supplement are available online at http://bmcproc.biomedcentral.com/articles/supplements/volume-10-supplement-7. Publication of the proceedings of Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01 GM031575.
Authors' contributions
Both KLT and DWF planned the data analysis. KLT performed the computation and drafted the manuscript. Both DWF and KLT revised and edited the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors' Affiliations
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- McClurg P, Pletcher TM, Wilthsire T, Su AI. Comparative analysis of haplotype association mapping algorithms. BMC Bioinformatics. 2006;7:61.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Besenbacher S, Mailund T, Schierup MH. Local phylogeny mapping of quantitative traits: higher accuracy and better ranking than single-marker association in genomewide scans. Genetics. 2009;181(2):747–53.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Pan F, McMillan L, de Villena FPM, Threadgill D, Wang W. TreeQA: quantitative genome wide association mapping using local perfect phylogeny trees. Pac Symp Biocomput. 2009;415–26.Google Scholar
- Thompson K, Kubatko L. Using ancestral information to detect and localize quantitative trait loci in genome-wide association studies. BMC Bioinformatics. 2013;14:200.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Zhang Z, Zhang X, Wang W. HTreeQA: using semi-perfect phylogeny trees in quantitative trait loci study on genotype data. G3 (Bethesda). 2012;2(2):175–89.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Zöllner S, Pritchard JK. Coalescent-based association mapping and fine mapping of complex trait loci. Genetics. 2005;169(2):1071–92.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Blangero J, Teslovich TM, Sim X, Almeida MA, Jun G, Dyer TD, Johnson M, Peralta JM, Manning AK, Wood AR, et al. Omics squared: human genomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic data for Genetic Analysis Workshop 19. BMC Proc. 2015;9 Suppl 8:S2.Google Scholar
- Browning SR, Browning BL. Rapid and accurate haplotype phasing and missing data inference for whole genome association studies using localized haplotype clustering. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;81(5):1084–97.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Safran M, Dalah I, Alexander J, Rosen N, Iny Stein T, Shmoish M, Nativ N, Bahir I, Doniger T, Krug H, et al. GeneCards Version 3: the human gene integrator. 2010;2010:baq020.Google Scholar
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text:
Just last week I wrote about the growing bromance between Odell Beckham Jr. and Tom Brady. Then, over the weekend I was mindlessly rolling through Instagram stories and stumbled upon this…
Yup, that's Odell posting a picture of a (bedazzled?) Tom Brady sweatshirt. Is he really rocking this? He had this shit made? Wild stuff.
Here and there you get those hardos who say that wearing jerseys are for kids or "wearing another dude's name on your back is gay." I don't have to tell you how idiotic and downright ignorant that sounds. But I would love to see someone say that to Odell.
The reason this is odd, is because if he's wearing this shit around town, it's Patriots colors. He's a New York Giant. If I was a Giants fan I'd be seriously asking what the hell Beckham is doing here. He's either painfully unaware of how this looks, or is trying very hard to sabotage his Giants career.
As a Pats fan, I love it. Let's get Odell here in New England to win a ring or two. Idc that his big toe is shorter than all the others, he'll fit in great!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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A pure copper litz wire delivers natural sound with full bandwidth. However, simply taking a thick copper litz wire with plus and minus wires running in parallel isn't sufficient. For the litz wire to really work, the individual copper wires must be insulated one-by-one and then bundled. Unfortunately, applying a vinyl coating to the litz wire in order to improve its appearance compromises sound. When signal current flows through a conductor, a potential difference is created in the surrounding electromagnetic field and the insulator becomes electrified. Electrification again creates an electromagnetic field that distorts the next signal. Therefore, using electrically-conductive lead and cord with as little insulation as possible creates the best sound. Moreover, the conductor through which the electric signal flows should have a low inductance -- the send and return wire structures should be the same. By meeting all these requirements, Audio Tekne cables deliver unparalleled natural sound, free of coloration.
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text:
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text:
Done with cakes. Next up in baking class, choux pastry: cream puffs and eclairs. Coming soon: meringues, pies, and tarts. And all sorts of spectacular final projects are being planned, wait til you see them!
A few things to keep in mind with choux pastry:
* Be sure to let the batter cool before you start adding eggs. If it's too warm, your puffs will not puff, and you will be very sad!
* It's not clear how many eggs you'll need. Try 4, but be ready to add more. If you add too many, the batter will be too runny, and you won't be able to pipe it. But you want to add as many as the batter can take to get the most rise in your pastry. In our class, one group used only 4, one used 5 1/2. As soon as the batter closes back in on itself fairly quickly when you swipe your finger through it, it's ready!
* All purpose flour is fine, but if you have bread flour, use it. It browns a little more, and the extra protein allows the batter to hold a little more egg - so more puff!
* The batter's not particularly tasty, don't worry. And, in fact, the pastry cream doesn't even smell very good when you finish it (very eggy). But it gets better after it chills (and especially after you add the flavoring). The final product is totally yummy. (and I'm sure some people even like that eggy taste...)
Pastry Cream
2 cups milk
1/4 cup cornstarch
3/4 cup sugar
2 eggs
4 egg yolks
4 tablespoons butter (2 ounces), cut into several small pieces
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
Beat the eggs and yolks into the cornstarch mixture. Slowly pour the milk/sugar mixture into the egg mixture, whisking constantly (you don't want to cook the eggs). Strain.
Return to heat (medium/high flame), and continue whisking until the cream thickens. After the cream comes to a boil (little blips, not an active boil), cook one more minute; keep whisking!
Remove from heat, and stir in the butter and vanilla and melted chocolate. Cool completely in the refrigerator or over an ice bath. The ice bath will cool the cream more quickly.
Flavor options:
Vanilla: Leave as is.
Chocolate: Stir in 3 ounces melted semisweet chocolate when you add the butter.
Coffee: Dissolve 1 ½ teaspoons espresso powder in 1 ½ teaspoons boiling water; let cool. Whisk into pastry cream with butter.
Almond: Replace 1 teaspoon vanilla extract with 1 teaspoon almond extract.
3/4 cup water
6 tablespoons butter
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 cup flour (all-purpose is fine, we used bread flour)
4-5 eggs (approximately)
Combine water, butter, and salt in a medium saucepan over medium heat; bring to a boil, stirring constantly. When the mixture starts to boil, remove from heat and stir in flour.
Return to heat. Cook, stirring constantly, until the mixtures dries slightly and begins to leave the sides of the pan. Transfer to a bowl, and let stand for 5 minutes to cool; if using a stand mixer, beat for one minute to cool.
Beat in the eggs, one at a time; be sure to wait until each egg is fully incorporated before adding the next. You might not need the entire fourth egg; you might need another half egg. The dough should be stiff enough to pipe; if you swipe your finger through the dough, it should close up on itself fairly quickly.
Immediately pipe the dough into the desired shape (try some cream puffs and some eclairs) and bake for about 10 minutes or until well-risen. Lower the oven temperature to 350°F and continue baking until completely dry. It should be completely firm when you take it out of the oven or it will collapse; usually it needs another 20 minutes in the oven after it starts to look done.
Chocolate Sauce
1 cup heavy cream
1/3 cup sugar
1/3 cup light corn syrup
12 ounces semisweet chocolate, coarsely chopped
1/4 teaspoon salt
2 teaspoons vanilla (or Kahlua)


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ScentLogix™ K9 ScentKits for the Detection of Illicit and Hazardous Substances enable the development of quantitative scientific methods and standards into K9 training programs, and also optimizes detector-K9 proficiency by providing the trainer with a better understanding and control of the training process. With the availability of ScentLogix™ K9, detection programs take a quantum leap into the future, and to the forefront of such scientific R&D that begets cutting-edge technology and application breakthroughs.
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Facts about ScentLogix™ K9 Training Aids
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ScentLogix™ K9 Training Aids Test Results
As part of its developmental process, ScentLogix™ Training Aids have been tested on over 120 experienced detector-K9s drawn from over 12 government, police and private facilities in locations that span 3 continents. In these tests, the detection capability of K9s previously protocoled and trained in the detection of illicit and hazardous materials (real drugs and explosives) using real materials is compared with the detection capability of green dogs initially trained on ScentLogix™ Training Aids (our "Reverse Product Training" studies).
The results from these tests are shown in the table below:
Dogs Trained with
Real Explosives & Narcotics
% Detection (First Pass)
Green Dogs Trained with
ScentLogix™ Training Aids
% Detection (First Pass)
|> 98%
|> 99%
|> 98%
|> 99%
|> 98%
|> 99%
|Smokeless Powder:
|> 98%
|> 98%
|> 98%
|> 98%
|> 97%
|> 97%
|> 98%
|> 99%
|> 98%
|> 99%
|> 98%
|> 99%
|> 98%
|> 99%
|Test in progress
|Test not yet commenced
Product users' continually report that using ScentLogix™ in the continued training of K9s previously trained on the real material leads to an improvement of the detecting capability of such K9s. Furthermore, our continuing studies show that if evaluated after 2 months of training, green dogs imprinted and trained on ScentLogix products have a better scope of detectability than green dogs imprinted and trained on the real substances. The reason for this difference is that real materials lack in areas that ScentLogix™ prevails. Most real materials used in training are mostly old (most narcotics and explosives training aids are over 10 years old), and used in small amounts (less or equal to 2 pounds). With our expertise in formulations nanotechnology, the scent signature of ScentLogix products is formulated to represent a material in every state of freshness, form, and in all weight amounts. The proven superior detection capacity of K9s originally imprinted and trained on ScentLogix™ products and the proven usefulness of ScentLogix™ products as a next-generation non-hazardous training aid that can be used to compliment traditional training aids and methods, establish these training aids as the best non-hazardous aids available in the world today for the training and evaluation of detector K9s!
K9 Validity Test Data
ScentLogix™ products have been extensively tested by variousorganisations. One of them is the USA DoD and their results are shown below:
[collapse id="collapse_20″]
[citem title="K9 Validity Test Data by the USA DoD" id="citem_74″ parent="collapse_20″]
- Explosives K9 Validity Test Data – 12 Jan 2006
- Explosives K9 Validity Test Data – 12 Jan 2006 (b)
- Explosives K9 Validity Test Data – 01 Sep 2010 (a)
- Explosives K9 Validity Test Data – 01 Sep 2010 (b)
- Explosives K9 Validity Test Data – 01 Sep 2010 (c)
A selection of independent articles appearing in the specialised press are shown below. These articles confirm the validity of the test results shown above and emphasize the need to use ScentLogix Training Aids as part of your regimen program.
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[citem title="Odor Imprinting: Think Outside the Box, Police K9 Magazine, July/August 2012, Article by Ken Pavlick" id="citem_12″ parent="collapse_47″]
[/citem][citem title="Pseudo Scents: Get The Facts, K-9 Cop Magazine, March/April 2012, Article by Nate Harves with Lorna Thomas" id="citem_84″ parent="collapse_47″]
[/citem][citem title="Leerburg.com" id="citem_45″ parent="collapse_47″]
- Bomb Dog Training: Training Aid Evaluation ScentLogix™
- Article by Kevin Sheldahl, K-9 Services
ScentLogix K9Logic™ Training Method
ScentLogix has developed the K9Logic™ training method, a scientifically based K9 training program which designed to be used in conjunction with ScentLogix K9 training kits to improve the search-and-detect capabilities and efficiencies of detector K9's. This training method, the worlds first scientifically based method for the training of detector K9's, is implemented as follows:
- Using the appropriate ScentLogix™ K9 training kit, train the K9 in search-and detect activities using ScentLogix™ K9 Scent Imprint Aid in conjunction with your normal training regimen or other proven methods of scent imprinting and detection.
- After completion of the training regimen, evaluate the K9s understanding of the training it has undergone by testing K9's ability to detect each of the ScentLogix™ K9 Evaluation Aids supplied within the specific ScentLogix™ K9 training kit used for the training regimen.
- The K9 must elicit a positive response on each of the ScentLogix™ K9 Evaluation Aids within the Kit, to be deemed competent to detect the material that the kit represents.
- Retrain/reinforce the K9 to positively alert on those Evaluation Aids for which it did not show an alert during the above-mentioned evaluation process.
- The training regimen is complete when the detector creature effortlessly alerts on all Evaluation Aids available within the specific ScentLogix™ training kit.
ScentLogix K9Logic™ Evaluation Method
In addition to being used within a training regimen, ScentLogix™ K9 Evaluation Aids can also be independently used to evaluate the competence of K9s that have been trained with non-ScentLogix™ training aids, K9s trained by other training centers, or K9s trained through methods different from the center administering the evaluation.
- Test the presented K9s ability to detect the each of the ScentLogix™ K9 Evaluation Aids available within the ScentLogix™ K9 training kit that corresponds to the material the K9 has been trained to detect.
- The K9 must elicit a positive response, on each of the evaluation aids within the kit, to be deemed competent to detect such material.
- After the evaluation process the K9's competence in detection can be optimized by retraining/reinforcing it to positively alert on those evaluation aids for which it did not show an alert during the evaluation process.
- The re-training is complete and the detector K9 is deemed competent to detect a material targeted for detection, when it effortlessly alerts on all the evaluation aids available within the specific ScentLogix™ training kit that corresponds to the material for which it is being tested.


text: If you love shopping, great deals and helping animals, check out our Thrift Store. All proceeds go to THE POPE COUNTY HUMANE SOCIETY. We have furniture, vintage items, kitchenware, glassware, clothing, linens, jewelry, sports merchandise and much more! Located across from SHOPKO in GLENWOOD! Open Thursday & Friday 10-5, Saturday 9-4. The thrift shop started as a series of yard and garage sales to help support our shelter, with the generosity of our supporters we now have this wonderful shop. If you have an item to donate please drop by or call 320-334-1800


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We believe that the Lunar New Year celebration is not complete unless there is a traditional lion dance.
According to customary Chinese beliefs, the lion is a symbol of courage, stability, and superiority. The lion dance has been a part of Chinese culture for thousands of years and is performed to bring good luck and prosperity to the business for the rest of the year.
Plucking the Green, (Cai Qing), is a traditional lion dance performance. Cai Qing is performed during the Chinese New Year to bring blessing or fortune.
The Lion Dance is so much more meaningful with a performer on-hand to explain the way the lion moves and the symbolism. Thanks to Gary O. for helping us learn more. You have supported our Lunar New Year celebrations for years, and we appreciate your efforts!
- The drum acting as the lion's heartbeat
- Cymbals & gong to frighten away evil spirits
- The lion might throw candy or pick up lettuce hanging from the ceiling and spitting the leaves out
- Scattering the leaves symbolizes a fresh start to the new year and spreads good luck.
- The lion is presented with lai see (a red envelope filled with money). This is a symbolic act of the lion's blessing and ensuring good fortune during the year
LNY – we look forward to it every year – especially lion dancing – with its vibrant colors, dancing, and drumming. It is one of my favorite Lunar New Year traditions.
Lion Dancing through the office
After completing the performance in the reception area, the lion happily danced through the office, going from desk to desk and gathering lai see left by team members, to spread good luck and festive cheer. We loved this, though getting work done was a problem, it was so much fun!


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Thursday, December 23, 2010
Alcohol information
Alcohol tests determine if someone recently alcohol is consumed. Employers and parents to use law enforcement officers alcohol tests to avoid hazards associated with alcohol. There are several types of tests for alcohol. TypesAvailable types of alcohol tests are tests of urine, blood, saliva tests, tests of hair and breath tests. Hair tests for alcohol since 2008 according to alcohol test Info.FeaturesUrine were used, and saliva costs less than other methods, tests according alcohol test info. Tests of blood proves to be more precise, but it is also the most expensive. Unlike other tests, tests of hair alcohol can use going back months test. The most alcohol tests has also drugs see how employers marijuana.SignificanceMany requires drug and alcohol testing for new employees. Some employees have tests of the alcohol act as transport undergo such as bus drivers and other staff. Responsible for Enforcement Act use alcohol tests to determine if the pilots had consumed alcohol. Furthermore, some parents take drugs or alcohol to monitor, test your children.ConsiderationsAlcohol tests will determine whether a person was drunk, but can diagnose a problem with alcohol, such as alcoholism. In addition people react differently to alcohol, alcohol test data in the context of other information must be used. For example, people with the same blood alcohol content according to more than MEDLINE, can have very different driving.
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text: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% Emulation Rambler By Jason Compton %% %% (email@example.com) %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% AAAARGH! Sorry, everyone, for not coming up with more to show for myself in the last couple of weeks. Lousy weather has sent my Usenet site up and down, and apparently this review kept getting lost in the "down" phases. I hope I don't appear to be a jerk for seemingly dropping this review (especially to Utilities Unlimited: they DID give me this board, after all), but I assure you, I've been hard at work, so buckle in... Serial Murders and Terminal Diseases ------------------------------------ Utilties Unlimited provided me with an Emplant Deluxe, meaning that it contains both the SCSI interface and two "high-speed" serial ports, the same shape as the ones on your average Mac (8-pin, I believe, circular. RS-422 is the technical term). At any rate, one of the first things I did with the board was run a diagnostic, which informed me that everything was fine. Good. The next day, when I hooked the Emplant serial port up to a SupraFaxModem 14.4 and tried to access it through the Amiga side (yep, you can access them from the Amiga side. You cannot, as of this point, access the Amiga serial port from the Emplant side, but we'll deal with that later.) I assigned the Port to empser.device in Terminus and tried to type. The system locked up. Ok, fine, I'll try the other serial port. Still locked up. Ok, maybe I have the port numbers switched. In short, I tried all 4 combinations (port A/B and port number 0/1). No response, just lockups. Fine, I'll try to access it from the Mac side. I booted up the Mac emulation setup screen and went to configure the ports. I'd screwed around with this option before and noticed that it had a bunch of options, including "AppleTalk" and "AppleTalk"s from x2 to x4 (in speed, which you can take advantage of when talking to another Emplant, so the manuals say.) The options weren't there anymore. So I ran a diagnostic. The board told me that it was an Option-B Emplant (SCSI only) which worked fine. I was upset. I ripped the board out and installed it in a new slot. Same response. I put it back in the slot it was in. Same response. The following morning, however, it told me it was an Emplant Deluxe which worked fine. It still didn't. Then a day or two later, it started telling me it was either an Option-B which worked fine (about 70% of the time I got this message) or a Deluxe with malfunctioning serial ports. Ok, so I took out the serial control chip and reseated it. No luck. I sent a fax out to their office and got a note back from Joe Fenton asking me if a particular chip was in the board. It's there, I need to fax him back and let him know. When I get a response back, I'll keep you posted. There's another problem I've noticed, but have not had time to completely research: The system seems to lock up when I try to connect modem on the Amiga side and run the Mac emulation at the same time. It may be a device driver problem, or perhaps the term program I am using. I'll tell you more when I know more. Word is the Word -------------- There has been a lot of talk about MS Word crashing Emplant at various stages, namely on quitting and on shutting down the Mac. I am happy to report that MS Word and Emplant Mac 3.7 seem to be coexisting quite nicely. What can I say? MS Word still looks like MS Word, it just happens to be on a monitor labled "Commodore 1950". I still use the Amiga side to type up the articles you read in this column. Feeling the Need for Speed -------------------------- Of course, everyone wants to know how an Amiga Emplant system stacks up next to a real Mac, right? Well, my personal tests are still to come, but Mauricio Piacentini has compiled a set of comparisons between an Amiga 4000/040, a Mac LCIII, a Mac Quadra 800 TVa, and a Mac Quadra 950. The Speedometer tests are VERY long and 4 of them would put the biggest caffeine freak to sleep. I'll throw in the better ones... Systems Tested: Emplant on an AMIGA 4000/40, 18 MB RAM 340MB IDE Maxtor HD (AmigaDOS Device) , GVP Spectrum EGS 24/28 Graphics Board: Speedometer calls it a Quadra 900. (Mac Classic is 1.0) CPU: 14.065 Graphics: 4.578 Disk: 2.867 Name of Hard Disk tested: MACDiskao Math: 72.756 Towers: 17.828 QuickSort: 14.714 Bubble Sort: 17.234 FPU Tests (Uses Mac II as 1.0): FPU Fast Fourier: 9.470 FPU KWhetstones: 3749.999 5.250 FPU F.P. Matrix Mult.: 7.288 FPU Test Average: 7.336 (Screen test also uses Mac II as 1.0) 256 Colors: 2.141 System Tested: Mac LCIII (Using Mac Classic as 1.0) CPU: 6.837 Graphics: 8.224 Disk: 2.457 Name of Hard Disk tested: Tildas Math: 10.319 Towers: 5.777 QuickSort: 6.866 Bubble Sort: 8.265 (No FPU, no FPU tests run) (Screen test: Mac II is 1.0) 256 Colors: 2.334 System Tested: Quadra 800 TVa (Mac Classic is 1.0) CPU: 21.358 Graphics: 25.954 Disk: 4.556 Name of Hard Disk tested: Super Promo Math: 136.210 Towers: 26.000 QuickSort: 23.409 Bubble Sort: 25.312 FPU Tests (Uses Mac II as 1.0): FPU Fast Fourier: 14.636 FPU KWhetstones: 5454.545 7.636 FPU F.P. Matrix Mult.: 14.827 FPU Test Average: 12.366 (Screen test: Mac II is 1.0): 256 Colors: 6.254 System Tested: Quadra 950 (Mac Classic is 1.0) CPU: 17.653 Graphics: 12.374 Disk: 3.448 Math: 132.122 Towers: 21.517 QuickSort: 19.807 Bubble Sort: 20.769 FPU Tests (Uses Mac II as 1.0): FPU Fast Fourier: 11.500 FPU KWhetstones: 4285.714 6.000 FPU F.P. Matrix Mult.: 13.030 FPU Test Average: 10.176 (Screen Test: Uses Mac II as 1.0) 256 Colors: 3.655 Wow. That was quite a bit to swallow, wasn't it? I'll let you sort through that and gather what conclusions from there ye may choose, but I will point to a few important notes: In CPU testing, the Emplant scored just over 14: twice the ranking of the LCIII, 66% of the Quadra 800 TVa, and just a few points short of the Quadra 950. The math and FPU tests did fall below the 950 and 800 TVa's scores, but I do not think that the tests were run on a completely recent Emplant version in which FPU routines have been sped up. The screen tests (and people have long complained of the Emplant screen refresh) places it at twice that of a Mac II, just .2 from the LCIII's score. Finally, I'd just like to remind everyone that Emplant scored what it did while using (according to what Jim Drew has told everyone about Emplant running at 0 priority) about 52% of theCPU's time: after all, the Amiga IS still running while all of this is going on. Commodities futures fading fast... --------------------------------------- Emplant and commodities just do not get along well. It's not something I can nail down to one program, but if I don't quit them all, I tend to run into problems with the system. I know that KCommodity is a notoriously bad hack to run with Emplant, and it seems that YAK has also fallen into that category: I believe it is responsible for making Emplant think I'd jammed down the option key. It's really not a bad idea to get rid of the commodities anyway, conflicts or no, simply from the standpoint of memory. No complaints, I can go without ToolsX and YAK if I'm working on the Mac side. k00l gAmEz, d00d! -------------------------- Yeah, I know it's a Mac and all, but there ARE a few games worth playing. One is Arashi (Tempest), but that doesn't work on 16 colors. Another is Pararena, which runs great, but I'll talk about it in the next section. Another is Glypha (Joust), looks pretty nice, actually. A couple cheap older games like Missile and StuntCopter work as well as they're designed to. Rescue (Star Trek) is more than decent. All of these will require some tweaking with the screen-refresh rates, but in general work well...unless you enable sound. Sound? AAAAAAAAAARRRRRGGGGGGGHHHHHHH! ------------------------- I remember when comp.sys.amiga.emulations was echoing with droves of Emplant owners DEMANDING Mac stereo sound support. They got it. I got it too. It works-unquestionably, it emulates Mac sound pretty well, even fully supporting stereo for the few programs that ask. But: It's really, really slow. Pararena freezes the system for a good half second while making sounds. Glypha is slowed down to unplayability because the flapping noise happens so often. StuntCopter looks crippled. On the brighter side, SoundTrecker, the Mac MOD player, DOES indeed work, even supporting stereo. It does not work at higher than 44 khz, however (choppy), and the Mac side is rendered completely useless while the MOD is playing: simply dragging a window interferes with the program. On the Amiga side, you get more latitude, but the mouse jumps somewhat. The bright side of all this? You've got Paula just waiting to run for you on the other side, and Multi- Player works MUCH better in conjunction with the Mac emulation than SoundTrecker does. Shutdown guru... ------------------------ Some people have reported persistent shutdown gurus. I have had two in the fifty-plus times I've shut down the emulation, and I'm not easy on the software when it's running. One of them may have been a result of being in the "TURN POWER OFF" option menu on the Amiga side. In all, though, gurus have not been a problem. YAK... ------ Yak is a very nice program for the Amiga, but it's not making the Mac very happy. Among the problems I believe I can attribute to it, I've had keyboard errors (like it thinking that I'm holding down the option key incessantly), disk copying errors, and sloooow copying when it's not erroring, including a 30 to 60 second wait to even bring up the "Copying" box... I think I've provided enough things to think about for this week about Emplant. I'm still very happy with the performance of it. No, it is NOT the perfect program and nothing is. How does it compare to A-Max IV? I'd like to tell you, but Readysoft is 5 days past the day they said they'd return my fax, AFTER I let them know they didn't respond the first time. We'll see. For now, Emplant is certainly adequately suited to the main purpose for which Macs are glorified: productivity. I plan to put PageMaker through some paces soon, maybe I'll run PageStream on the Amiga side at the same time just for the irony of it all. Until then, keep the emulators warm.


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Let's continue the body positive fun! This is an article written by Josée Sovinsky, a dietetic intern passionate about helping you make peace with food and your body. I've followed Josée on social media for awhile now and I appreciate her positive approach – I always come away glad I was there. It's great to surround yourself with people like that; you know, the ones that make you feel good about being you. Here she tackles how to feel beYOUtiful this summer…
How to Feel Beautiful This Summer
Guest Blog by Dietetic intern, Josée Sovinsky
Twitter: @joseesovinsky
Facebook: Josée Sovinsky Nutrition
Instagram: @joseesovinksy
As summer quickly approaches, it's hard to ignore the explosion of ads for weight loss and beauty. Although the return of sunshine and warm weather should be a happy, refreshing time of year, it is far from being the case for many of us. Dieting, exercise routines, tanning beds, hair removal… you name it. With "bikini season" just around the corner, many are looking for ways to change their bodies.
The problem is, it's not our body that needs changing – IT'S OUR ATTITUDE.
By focusing on how we look in our bikinis, we forget the reason we are wearing them in the first place – to enjoy the sun, cool down in the pool, relax, etc. Summer is so short-lived, why ruin it by shifting all our attention on how we look?
There are many things we can do this summer to help us feel beautiful.
Staying away from the scale – Remember a number on scale won't tell you how kind, caring, loved and beautiful you are. A number cannot define who you are. By staying away from the scale, you can focus on the important things like nourishing your body and enjoying life!
Avoiding commenting on bodies– Have you ever noticed how commenting on someone's weight loss can make you rethink your own weight? When we comment other people's body, we are once again bringing the focus on external beauty instead of concentrating on the reasons that make people truly beautiful. Spreading compliments can brighten someone's day, but we get a lot more satisfaction out of it when the compliment isn't body-based. For example, tell someone how much they matter to you, how you love their enthusiasm or how contagious their passion is.
Hanging motivational quotes near mirrors
This is a simple tip that can go a long way. By having that constant reminder that we are worth it, we are more likely to believe it. Here a few examples:
"To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance" – Oscar Wild
"Confidence will make you happier than any diet ever will"
"There is no wrong way to have a body"
"Love yourself first and everything else falls into line" – Lucille Ball
Eating foods we enjoy
Summer is the time for barbecuing, drinking lemonade and eating popsicles. It's important to allow ourselves to eat the food we enjoy. Only them can we be truly satisfied and avoid overeating.
Finally, surround yourself with people who lift you up, enjoy the beautiful weather and embrace your body. You are one in a million and don't let anyone tell you otherwise.


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Another Castrol video to promote "football". Watch it and tell me what you think he says at the end - it's either "eat that" or "beat that" - very confusing...
More videos from Castrol football here.
challenge cristiano - castrol football
Posted by me at 19:42
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Process Moving Image is a full service moving image studio established in 2014. We are creatively led with design and technical excellence at the heart of our approach.
We work with brands, film makers, content creators, and storytellers to produce visually stunning and engaging video, film and animation.
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text:
Contrary to the divine prophets' tradition in sending prophets in their tribes' languages, the forged prophet of Baha'ism has written most of his so-called spiritual books in Arabic language[1]. He has made content and literary mistakes by insisting on writing in Arabic language.
However, it is interesting to be noted that the content and literary mistakes of the forged prophet of Baha'ism have been too much that its followers have revised them to prevent complaining the opponents! As Fazel Mazandarani has stated about the revision of the book Iqan written by Bahaullah: "other handwritten copies have been investigated since 1280 on and there were several differences between the recent copies and the previous ones.[2]"
Nevertheless, how is the prophet while his verses needed to be revised, indeed?! How can Hussein Ali Nouri's mistakes can be ignored while he has claimed to be dominated on all books and sciences?! Why wouldn't the Baha'ism prophethood claimant correct and revise his writings if he knew his writings were full of mistakes?!
Consequently, he can't be considered as the divine prophet and knowledgeable person regarding his deep ignorance.
[1] For more studies refer to the article entitled: Breaking tradition by Bab and Baha in sending down the book in the tribe language
[2] Asadullah Fazel Mazandarani, Asrarul Athar, BIja, the national institute of the faith press, 124 Badi'a, Vol. 1, p. 268.


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Legendary drummer Jon Hiseman who founded Colosseum, one of the first bands to fuse jazz, rock and blues in 1968, died in the early hours of Tuesday, 12th June 2018 in Sutton, England aged 73. The cause of death was complications of surgery that he underwent in May 2018 to remove a brain tumour. His leaves his beloved wife, saxophonist and composer Barbara Thompson, to whom he was married for 50 years, his daughter, singer Ana Gracey and his son, financier Marcus Hiseman, along with four grandchildren.
In the last year of his life, Jon Hiseman formed JCM, a trio with the Colosseum members Clem Clempson, on guitar, and Mark Clarke, on bass. The group made an album, "Heroes," that contained music written by former collaborators Hiseman had outlived, among them Jack Bruce, Allan Holdsworth, Dick Heckstall-Smith, Graham Bond and Ollie Halsall. Ironically, the album will become a tribute to Hiseman himself.
The album features:
Jon Hiseman on drums (The Graham Bond Organisation, Georgie Fame, John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, Colosseum, Tempest, Barbara Thompson's Paraphernalia).
Clem Clempson (Bakerloo, Colosseum, Humble Pie, Jack Bruce Band) on guitar and vocals.
Mark Clarke (Colosseum, Uriah Heep, Tempest, Billy Squier) on bass and vocals.
Jon Hiseman wrote…
"Following the passing of two of my Heroes early in 2017, I suddenly realised that I had lost most of the people who had believed in me and encouraged me to make my own music… it occurred to me that I should try to make an album featuring the songs and instrumentals that I associate with them all, the music that stayed with me through all the years."
JCM began a tour in April 2018, but cancelled it as the brain tumour advanced. Mark and Clem intend to continue touring in his memory.
Click to download a PRESS PACK (39.4MB) containing High Resolution Photography and Track by Track Album Info


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Somewhere, atop his high horse, NCAA President Myles Brand smiles smugly, raising a glass of overpriced brandy to toast his recent victory over the little guy and football fans everywhere.
When the Brand era began, many believed we might see a kinder, gentler – dare I say more standardized – NCAA. This was the man who finally stood up to legions of Hoosiers and took Bobby Knight to task. Brand seemed willing and ready to protect recruits, students and student-athletes from abuse by both coaches and the system.
The NCAA runs ad after ad touting the great things to be accomplished by its participants outside arenas and off of fields. I even let my guard down enough to entertain hopes that institutions like the University of Miami might become more than simply vocational schools for the NFL. In reality, it was simply hot air being thrown at the idea of emphasizing the "student" aspect of student-athlete.
In my presumptive hopefulness, I forgot about the nature of the NCAA, the world's largest purchaser of red tape. This is the organization that feels it necessary for female cross country runners to sit through lecture after slideshow after panel on the perils of gambling, lest one be tempted to get paid for taking a dive in mile three. How could I have been so foolish?
As seen throughout the summer leading up to the 2004 college football season, the boys in Indianapolis have effectively evicted any equity or consistency that might have snuck into their offices. Nice work, gentlemen, nice work.
Joshua Cribbs is suiting up; and an uninjured Willie Williams would be lining up for Miami. But Jeremy Bloom isn't even allowed on Colorado's bench; and Mike Williams is looking for a job.
For those needing a quick refresher, Cribbs is Kent State's record setting quarterback… with a record. In January of 2004 he was jailed on charges of domestic violence and marijuana trafficking. But after pleading guilty to the marijuana charges, Cribbs and his several 100-100 (passing and rushing) games have been welcomed back with open arms.
Willie Williams, the highly touted recruit to the University of Miami, first unintentionally exposed the hearty recruiting excesses of several schools as he documented his official visits, complete with lobster dinners, game jerseys and private car services, in a national diary. Only after signing with Miami did anyone begin to mention Williams' litany of offenses dating back to 1999, culminating recently with what one might call giving an unwanted hug to an unsuspecting Florida girl. But when every major recruiting service in the country calls you the nation's best prep linebacker, what the police might say about your past becomes null and void. Miami was more than happy to keep his roster spot open and ready.
Jeremy Bloom was a wide receiver for the University of Colorado Buffaloes. And is an aspiring Olympic skier. Bloom signed an endorsement deal to help him afford to train with the U.S. National Ski Team. Despite no relationship between his skiing endeavors and his football – and Bloom's offer to break his endorsements once he learned the NCAA wanted to withdraw his eligibility – Brand and his stooges have deemed him quite literally worse than a criminal (see Willie Williams above). He remains ineligible to play football.
Mike Williams' only mistake was trusting the legal system. A month before the USC receiver left school as a sophomore and hired an agent, Ohio State running back Maurice Clarett won a court decision overturning the NFL rules prohibiting players from entering the draft less than three years removed from high school. Williams hopped Clarett's coat tails and sought to enter the 2004 draft. But Clarett's case was overturned on appeal, leaving him, and Williams, out of luck. Despite the fact that he was following the latest court ruling at the time, the NCAA deemed Williams's act a deadly sin, and has not allowed him back into school.
If the NCAA is so concerned with the education of its athletes, shouldn't the three year holding pattern placed on NFL prospects really be four years? Or is there some special three year plan for revenue sport athletes that they don't publicize? I highly doubt the ranks of college sports are crawling with hundreds of athletes like Emeka Okafor, a University of Connecticut center who was able to complete his degree in just three years before heading to the pros. Essentially, the NCAA refuses to admit that it has devolved into an organization that exists to line the pockets of sponsors and the rosters of pro teams.
Well, perhaps such rulings aren't so void of consistency. The NCAA wants us to know that it condones criminality and scorns legitimacy and honesty. And the decisions of 2004 did nothing if not emphasize this.
My last weekend at home before leaving for HLS orientation, I traveled to FedEx Field for a proper tailgate and the BCA Classic between the USC Trojans and Virginia Tech, assuming it would be my only chance to see live top-level college football this fall. The game proved to be more exciting than expected, but the whole time it felt wrong that Trojan quarterback Matt Leinart didn't have Mike Williams waiting for him downfield. When a player as electrifying as Williams is forced from the game due to the befuddled inanity of the NCAA, the fans end up the losers.
It's not that I was naïve enough to actually associate sanctity with college athletics, but the hypocrisy flaunted by the NCAA over recent months has been above and beyond the call of duty. Fine, Mr. Brand, stay up on your high horse. I hope you get saddle sores.
Rebecca Agule is a 1L. Her column will appear regularly.
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- Class of 2021, Welcome to HLS! - September 6, 2018


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Table of Content
Have you ever wondered why guys take testosterone enhancing drugs?
The simple answer is that drugs like testosterone and human growth hormone (HGH) help you to build muscle, and recover much faster.
It is probably the most unnatural way of enhancing your physique in my opinion.
Not many women find 5' 9" men who weigh 280 lbs attractive, be it fat or muscle.
If you're contemplating undergoing testosterone therapy, you'd be wise to learn about the side-effects that you could possibly fall victim to, such as shrunken testicles and man boobs.
It is still possible to increase your testosterone without resorting to harmful drugs and therapies.
After all, testosterone and HGH are naturally produced inside the body, and with the help of a proper diet and exercise regime, you can give your body a boost of both elements.
Here are some exercises that you can try, that are known to enhance testosterone levels…
It is a fact that exercises focusing on the lower body are far more effective in providing a healthy flow of all your vital hormones, than upper body routines.
This exercise is crucial in any effective workout routine, especially if you are trying to gain muscle mass.
Dead lifts are helpful for putting on size, as well as enhancing functional strength.
If you happen to be an athlete looking to enhance your vertical power output, then definitely include some dead lifts into your workout routine.
Ensure that the bar is travelling in a straight line (vertically), whilst maintaining focus on lifting with your legs, try to get as low as possible, without bending the knees, the chest, or leaning your face forward beyond the line of your toes.
Squats are very similar to dead lifts because they help to increase your overall size in a natural manner by enhancing your testosterone and HGH levels.
The best way to perform squats is using "good form".
By this, I mean that no part of your body should lean forward beyond your toes.
It is preferable to use a low bar position on the back, placing it where it is most comfortable, as long as it avoids the two vertebrae in your lower neck and upper back.
Try to lift using a full range of motion from the word go.
The Olympic lift is the ultimate explosive exercise. It involves clean, powerful movements.
Try to start with a lightweight and concentrate on using "good form".
The more your form improves, the more weight you can start adding.
Make sure that your lift begins with your legs, and getting down low as possible.
Exercises that will help you improve your Olympic lifts include dead lifts, upright rows, front squats and push-up exercises.
Remember that sprints are extremely useful in helping to expand your lungs, burn fat and retain your muscle mass.
Personally, I gained a lot of lean muscle mass as a result of explosive sprinting.
By incorporating plyometrics into your exercise routine, you will increase your overall power and add functionality to your muscle gains.
It is recommended to focus on lower reps, and longer rest periods.
Plyometrics also a great tool for measuring your power development by seeing how much higher you are jumping compared to when you first started.
These are very simple exercises that can be performed almost anywhere. Personally, I recommend doing these in the gym.
This article was prepared by Dr Ian D Watson, who is a qualified nutritionist and urologist.


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We are currently conducting an online survey about the ROUSH® Performance web site. The goal is to solicit valuable feedback from the users that will help us continue to improve the design and information provided. If you are willing spend five minutes and give your opinions, it would be greatly appreciated. Click here if you would like to participate.
Thanks in advance for your participation.


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There are two causeways that connect Singapore to Malaysia, which can be traversed by car, bus or train.
Taking the bus from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore is the most cost effective and convenient way of moving between the two cities. While you can still find some bargains for the quick flight between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore, buses are far cheaper and eliminate the need to deal with airport hassle.
Buses between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore aren't the typical slow, rattling affairs found in other parts of Southeast Asia. A multitude of companies offer double-decker buses with lots of leg room to cater to business travelers who frequently move between the two cities. Some buses offer movies, work desks, and even have on-board Wi-Fi!
Rather than booking a bus through your accommodation or from a travel agent, you can avoid paying a commission by booking a ticket directly from the bus company. Many companies offer online booking, or you can purchase a ticket in person.
The bus from KL to Singapore typically takes between five to six hours, depending on traffic in the causeway and processing time at the border.
The price for getting from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore varies widely, based on the company and quality of bus. Double-decker coaches and VIP or "executive" buses tend to cost more. You'll find bus tickets ranging from RM35 to RM250. For exchange rates, read about the currency in Kuala Lumpur.
Book your bus from KL to Singapore at least one day in advance; book far ahead if traveling during busy holidays such as Hari Merdeka or around the end of Ramadan.
http://www.busonlineticket.com/ is an online portal for several bus companies that run between KL and Singapore.


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Gold Coast Digital Agency
Client success is our focus; it's what we do.
With over ten years experience in all things web and marketing, We Build Ideas is respected Gold Coast web design, eCommerce, digital marketing and branding agency.
Having worked with a range of small businesses and big brands in Australia and overseas, the team at We Build Ideas is professional, creative and reliable. From meeting budgets to getting the job done on time, We Build Ideas has helped small businesses kick-start their endeavours and assisted large global brands with activations reaching millions.
It's this experience and knowledge that converts clients into partners, working together, growing together and succeeding together.
We Build Ideas excels in helping Gold Coast small businesses reach their online potential.
Creating strategies for the future is what the team enjoys most.
Contact us to learn how we can help you.
Experienced & Passionate
With years of experience in Australia and overseas, We Build Ideas has the expertise to find the right solutions for your business. Our team is passionate about every project, creating that something special for your business. At We Build Ideas, we are dedicated to your unique brand, business objectives and helping you kick your goals .
Creative & Innovative
Creativity in the digital world evolves every day. Changing trends means keeping up to date is essential. It's a craft which can change overnight – what's on trend today will be dated tomorrow. Our team is passionate and is always on the lookout for new and innovating creative ideas to keep your brand ahead.
Efficient & Reliable
In business time is money, and no one wants to waste either. That's why at We Build Ideas we pride ourselves on using both your time and our time efficiently. Our experienced team is reliable and focused on meeting deadlines. So if you need a project completed by a specific date, we'll make it happen.
Some of our awesome clients
Meet the Director
Damien Kloot
With over 15 years experience within the digital marketing industry, Damien has worked with iconic brands such as Billabong, Element and VonZipper plus a list of other businesses both globally and Australia wide.
- Connect with Damien on LinkedIn
- Visit his website: damienkloot.com
The survey says…
I have worked with We Build Ideas for the past eight years on various types of projects from large events to product promotions. Damien and his team have always come to the table with fresh ideas, seeing each project through from conceptualisation to results analysis. We highly recommend We Build Ideas!
We have been a fan of We Build Ideas work for many years and have been working with the amazing and talented team for the past year. We Build Ideas has supported us right from the beginning and helped create our new growth driven platform to expand our online presence. The We Build Ideas team is very efficient, reliable and will give their honest opinion in the plan moving forward to help our business grow. Since going live every day we see our presence grow and we could not be happier. We will continue to work as a team with the We Build Ideas on SEO, Social Media, Email Marketing and growth driven design as we expand and we owe it to the We Build Ideas team for our success.
Damien and We Build Ideas recently completed a branding exercise for my business. The results were fantastic and he managed a fast turn around for me considering the scope of work. We are now talking about future projects including websites. Highly recommended
We Build Ideas designed and developed my new copywriting website and I love it to bits. Working with We Build Ideas was really enjoyable, professional yet relaxed. Damien and his team are smart, creative, really responsive and fun to work with. They know all there is to know about good quality website design and the importance of SEO right from the word go. In short, they just get it, which is really refreshing.
I'm really happy with the end result and would definitely recommend We Build Ideas for any small business owner looking to make a real impact online. Thank you!
I recently had 'We Build Ideas' complete a total rebranding of my business. From the start Damien was such a pleasure to work with. He listened and understood the direction I wanted to take my brand and delivered in a timely and impressive manner. His knowledge and skill to differentiate my business from the rest was just how i wanted it. Highly recommend his services and skills.
Over the past two years, We Build Ideas has supported our start-up to create a strong online presence, a branded marketing package and social media strategies to expand the business. We owe the continuing success of our company, in no small part, to the support that We Build Ideas has provided.
Generate has been working with We Build Ideas for 18 months now, and we are online presence continues to grow – thanks We Build Ideas!
Just want to thank you for an absolutely amazing new website. Im not really knowledgeable about this side of my business and i felt completely at ease and taken care of. Very trustworthy to do business with and they very patiently went step by step through the whole process with me. I will be using We build Ideas for all my future business needs.
Damien completed logo designs for our new company in quick turnaround. He gathered an understanding of our business to ensure that a modern representation of our position in the market. Great job and highly recommended
We Build Ideas is an amazing creative studio on the Gold Coast that understands what's needed to promote my business. The talented team provides great service with a professional flair. I will be back for more as my business grows. Thanks for your awesome work We Build Ideas!
Your Local Gold Coast Digital Marketing Studio
Ready to take your business to the next level?
- Not sure where to start? Book your free consultation – Click Book Now!
- Ready to take your project to the next level?! – Click Start a Project!


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M&J In Ear Skull Earphone Bass Studio Monitor Stereo Headset Music Super Deep Earbud With Microphone For PC iPhone Samsung
- Style: In-Ear
- Connectors: 3.5mm
- Package: OPP Package
- Function: Noise Cancelling
- Communication: Wired
- Model Number: Skull Earphones
- Use: Portable Media Player, Sport,mobile phone
- Frequency response range : 20-20000Hz
- Cable length: 1.2M
- sensitivity:110±2dB
- impedance:32Ω
- Weight:40g
- Note: In order to reduce your payment , the earphone we sell is no box, if you with box, please tell us to change price when you buy
- Shipment & Payment:1. We will shipped the parcel in 1-5 days after you made payment.
And the following forms of payment are accepted by Aliexpress: Credit card, TT, Western Union and Qiwi wallet.
2. Instruction:the weight and size we marked in the package details is not the actual weight and size of the goods, if you need to know the actual weight and size, you just need to contact us.
3. Delivery time:
1) Transportation developed countries is about 7-45 days.
2) Remote countries is about 2-8 weeks.
4. If buyer want to use more faster shipping method, like EMS, DHL etc, please communicate with us about the increase shipping.
5. Instruction:The shipping time is depends on the buyer's customs clearance time or Force Majeure. If buyer does not receive the goods in a long time, we hope buyer can contact your customs or local post office, in order to get goods soon.
About Customs:
1. In order to ensure you receive your order without or lower import duty, we will declare it as a "Gift" with a lower value which does not reflect the total price you paid or the market value of the product and may not apply to countries with different tariff rules.
2. Or you could leave a message to tell us how much should we make customs declaration. We are happy to follow your instructions.
3. Any import charges or fees are the buyer's responsibility.
4. Suppliers are not responsible for delays caused by the customs department in your country.
5. Additional costs or delays may occur during international trade. We sincerely hope that you do not use additional import costs or customs clearance delays as a reason for requesting refunds or leaving negative feedback.
After-sales Service:
We will check the goods quality before shipment. If there are some unexpected problems happen, we hope to solve the problems with buyer through friendly in the following ways:
1. If it is quality problem, buyer can submit argue within 15days after receiving the goods, buyer must provide photos or video and other evidence to seller for identify.
2. Man-made damaged, buyers take full responsibility.
3. Product quality processing program:
1) The buyer return the goods to us and responsible for return shipping costs; after we receive the goods ,we will send a new product to buyer and pay for the resend shipping cost.
2) If the goods (total price including shipping is less than 10USD) has quality problems, we will resend a new product in buyer next order; if buyer don't plan to make a new order in the near term, buyer can pay the resend shipping cost and ask to resend a new product.
1. We depend on our customer satisfaction to succeed. Therefore, your feedback is extremely important to us.
2. If you are satisfied with our items, please leave a positive feedback to us. We will leave a positive feedback to you later.
3. Contact us by email or our trade manager:Dean Wu, before leaving any negative or neutral feedback. We will deal with you to solve any problems as soon as possible.
We work 6 Days a week at 9:00 – 18:30 from Monday – Saturday Beijing Time.
Wish you have a great shopping experience here.


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Fast Pay has arrived!
Fast Pay is now available to all qualified US Dashers!
Fast Pay gives Dashers the ability to cash out their earnings daily for a small fee of $1.99. This means qualified Dashers can receive their earnings on demand through DoorDash, rather than waiting for their weekly direct deposit or using a third party service.
Any Dasher in an active Fast Pay market who has completed at least 25 deliveries and dashed for at least 2 weeks can qualify for the program. You must have a debit card - not a prepaid card - to use the Fast Pay service.
The Basics
How do I sign up?
Visit the Earnings section of your app and click the "Set Up Fast Pay" banner. Ensure your Direct Deposit is linked to your personal bank account, and then click "Set up Fast Pay" again. From there, enter the requested details for your debit card. You must have a debit card to use Fast Pay.
How do I cash out?
Once you've signed up, you'll find Fast Pay in the Earnings section of the app. Click on the Use Fast Pay banner to transfer your week's earnings directly to your debit card account. There's a $1.99 fee to cash out your earnings to a debit card.
What can I cash out using Fast Pay?
You can cash out all your weekly earnings - except for earnings from Dashes that are currently in process.
When will I receive my Fast Pay earnings in my bank account?
Transfers happen within minutes, but they can take a few business days to appear on your debit card depending on your bank's processing time.
How will Fast Pay appear in my account?
You will receive an email confirmation for each completed Fast Pay transaction, which will show the amount transferred to you via Fast Pay.
Eligibility for Fast Pay
Where is Fast Pay available?
Fast Pay is available for all qualified US dashers as of July 9th, 2018.
What do I need to sign up for Fast Pay?
You'll need your personal bank account details and an active debit card. Unfortunately you cannot use a prepaid card at this time.
How will I know if I qualify?
Check your Earnings page for a banner at the top that shows your status.
I don't have access to Fast Pay right now. What's up?
You might not have Fast Pay just yet because:
You do not have an active Dasher account
You have not completed at least 25 lifetime deliveries
You have not been on the DoorDash platform for 2 weeks
You have withholdings drawn from your account.
You are not in a US market.
If you believe you have met all of these criteria, but you do not have access to Fast Pay, please let us know at www.doordash.com/help.
I want to use Fast Pay, but I'm based in Canada.
We apologize, but Fast Pay is only in the US currently. We will communicate when it's available in Canada.
Using Fast Pay
Can I cash out whenever I want?
Yes, you can cash out at any time, up to once per day. Do note that any trip earnings from the past week that you don't cash out by midnight on Sunday (PST) will be deposited in your bank account just like a weekly direct deposit. You can expect to see them 2-3 days later, just as you would a typical deposit.
I want to cash out, but my available cash balance is $0. What happened?
Any weekly earnings not transferred via Fast Pay by Sunday at 11:59:59 PM (PST) will be routed to your regular weekly payment, which you will receive through direct deposit 2-3 business days later, just as you usually would.
My Fast Pay amount doesn't match my total earnings?
Your balance to cash out includes only completed dashes. Once you complete your dash, you should see your new total earnings.
I tried to cash out after one Dash, but it's not working. Why not?
Your Dash may be still processing, but we'll make your earnings available as soon as we can.
Can I cancel a transfer?
No. If you cash out your earnings, you won't be able to cancel the cash transfer to a debit card.
It's just not working. Why not?
Make sure you have the most up to date version of the app. Also note that some banks limit debit card transfers per day for security reasons, so if you have a lot of transfers in one day, Fast Pay may not work.
More questions?
As always, contact us through the webform at www.doordash.com/help.


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Ride: Sacramento work commute.
Mileage: 26.1 miles.
Time: 1:41 round trip. About 15.5 mph average.
Weather: Warm (90 F on return) not much breeze.
Comments: Schedule has confounded me so I haven't ridden in a while, so easy out. Really pretty fast on the way back (max 20 mph, sustained 17-18 mph) even with the heat. Minimal headwind on the causeway makes a big difference westbound.


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QUODD is a provider of a financial market data analytics platform. It aggregates, manages, and streams a set of real-time market data sourced from all North American exchanges.
Company (Acquired)
Phone: 1-866-537-5518
30 Montgomery Street
Jersey City, 07302
New Jersey, United States
|Per Week
|Per Month
|Per 6 Months
|Per Year
|Login to see details
|Page Views Per Million
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|Reach Per Million
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(Patent / Application)


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Distance from Jasper, NY to Ellisburg, NY
Driving distance between Jasper, NY and Ellisburg, NY is 168.87 miles (or 271.77 kilometers). If you drove an average car (using about 3.6 gallons of gas per mile), the gas would cost you around $, since you would need about gallons of fuel.
Leaving from Jasper, NY you would reach Ellisburg, NY in about 3 hours 39 mins if you keep an average speed of miles per hour, assuming you don't make any breaks or get stuck in traffic.


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BIM and Green Buildings
BIM News
Greenbuild 2016: Discover Autodesk's Future of Making Things for AEC Industry
Autodesk to showcase integrated generative intelligence for a better built environment at Greenbuild 2016, October 5 & 6 in Los Angeles, California.
Market Research
Adopting Green Building Practices Beneficial to Hospitality industry of GCC Countries in this time of Recession & Economic Uncertainty
Over the past two years, a combination of factors ranging from a highly volatile crude market, to a tense geopolitical situation, has led to a general slowdown in the economy in the GCC countries. This ...
Green Building Design and Construction – 5 Factors Giving High Performance
This article concerning driving factors affecting performance on green building and design projects has been written by Bhushan Avsatthi, associate director for Hi-Tech Outsourcing Services.
BIM, CAD and green building to lead Hong Kong building show
Several innovative products encompassing building technologies, design software and green building concepts will be on show at the upcoming Hong Kong International Building and Hardware Fair.


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ScienceDaily options breaking news and videos concerning the latest discoveries in science, health, the environment, expertise, and extra – from major information providers and leading universities, scientific journals, and analysis organizations. In order to continue apply 21st century skills, college students will use the expertise sources accessible to create a presentation for their current event. To better understand what the Net Generation expects from expertise in help of learning, we must first understand how the Net Generation defines technology. In one-on-one interviews, I requested my fellow college students at schools and universities across the nation to complete the sentence, To me, technology is ____________. In this regard, CCEA has authorized a one-time grant of 900 crore rupees spread over three years for an R&D mission for the development of AUSC technology for thermal energy vegetation.
In this course of, we'll discuss a few of the challenges and alternatives of utilizing expertise to realize the triple purpose of high quality care, population well being, and lower price healthcare. These collected data are beginning for use to create interactive scientific expertise utilized by rehabilitation therapists. We can be researching acceptable technology news at school throughout the faculty yr and students for further credit score can choose to present a present event of their selection using the SmartBoard and Google Slides or Microsoft PowerPoint. Since 2007, Gartner has been predicting the highest strategic technology traits for the coming 12 months '" not a simple process contemplating the volatility of the IT market. As part of it Gaofen-1 satellite tv for pc was launched in April 2013 which can cover the globe in simply 4 days.
During this occasion we are going to deal with understanding the present capabilities of various NLP choices, how of us are using them, and successful use circumstances. Use of this expertise in all future giant coal-fired energy crops will ensure power safety for the country for a longer period as well as greener atmosphere. Subjects include tai chi, armchair yoga, current occasions, history and digital excursions of museums, such as the Guggenheim. Television-based mostly know-how enables an excellent number of companies to maintain purchasers connected to family and companies. We now have faster, smaller, and more highly effective healthcare technology than ever before, and at a fraction of previous costs. D-EGR® technology is a novel engine architecture that is as much as 15 percent extra efficient than right now's mainstream engines while concurrently bettering efficiency.
An on-line publication owned by the WSJ that focuses on know-how and startup firm news, evaluation and protection. Those who're more experienced assist new members learn the expertise in person teams hosted by Kendal. Participants in these consortia pool monetary sources to fund growth of recent know-how and share analysis results. Technology is altering the way people with persistent sickness and incapacity are functioning in the neighborhood. Higher schooling should proceed to interact the Net Generation in a dialogue relating to its expectations about technology and studying to evaluate how broad the window of opportunity should still be, in addition to how rapidly it could be closing. However, these expectations appear tied to school members and their potential to make use of technology appropriately.
While Kendal at Home built-in expertise into the properties of members, the members themselves pushed Kendal to go further to improve that know-how. Stay in the loop by signing up for tech business information and native events tailored to your interests, delivered to you by WTIA. We mobilize industry, education and government to make our area the main expertise group on this planet.


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Letters to the Editor
Letter from Gov. Sam Brownback on his Medicaid expansion veto
Obamacare is failing. Americans from coast to coast have seen their health care costs skyrocket, their coverage options deteriorate, and their state budgets balloon as a result of this crumbling legislation. Now, liberals in the Kansas legislature want us to expand Obamacare. I am standing up for Kansans and saying no.
I vetoed Obamacare expansion because it does not help vulnerable Kansans. I vetoed it because it is irresponsible and unsustainable. I vetoed it because it sends taxpayer funds to Planned Parenthood and the abortion industry.
Medicaid expansion does not help vulnerable Kansans. Instead, it prioritizes able-bodied adults above the truly needy. This bill enlarges the entitlement state without providing a pathway out of poverty for the program's recipients. As we've seen in our Kansas welfare-to-work reforms, the most effective programs restore hope through the dignity of work. But Medicaid expansion does not require able-bodied adults to seek work, job training, or educational opportunities to qualify.
The cost of expanding Obamacare is also irresponsible and unsustainable. A third party health care organization estimates that Medicaid expansion will cost Kansas taxpayers over $1.2 billion in the coming years. Other states have seen Medicaid expansion more than double projections for costs. As our state's economy recovers from the rural recession that has hit our agriculture and oil markets, we simply cannot afford such a hefty expense. Proponents of Medicaid expansion claim it could be budget neutral, but the budgets of other states say otherwise. This entitlement program for able-bodied adults will greatly increase government spending.
The Kansas legislature refused to strip Planned Parenthood of increased funding when passing this bill. This means that Medicaid expansion funnels taxpayer dollars to the abortion industry, which is antithetical to human dignity. Kansas is a pro-life state, respecting the dignity and equality of each unique human life, and we do not want our tax dollars supporting abortion providers. I will not support this legislation that continues to fund organizations that undermine a culture of life.
Kansans want a responsible solution to the challenges facing our health care industry. This is why I will continue to support Congress in their efforts to repeal and replace Obamacare. I vetoed Obamacare expansion because Kansas should serve the truly vulnerable, restore the dignity of work for struggling Kansans, and not absorb an unrestrainable burden on the state's budget. As Obamacare continues to crumble, I will keep fighting for Kansas and standing up against an expansion of this failed entitlement program.
Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback