text:
This platform evaluates gramamtical error corrections of the CoNLL 2014 Shared Task test set [1], and is released to accompany the following paper:
Courtney Napoles, Keisuke Sakaguchi, and Joel Tetreault
There's No Comparison: Reference-less Evaluation Metrics in Grammatical Error Correction
Please include the following citation if you use this toolkit.
author = {Napoles, Courtney and Sakaguchi, Keisuke and Tetreault, Joel},
title = {There's No Comparison: Reference-less Evaluation Metrics in Grammatical Error Correction},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
month = {November},
year = {2016},
address = {Austin, Texas},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {2109--2115},
url = {https://aclweb.org/anthology/D16-1228}
The code for executing this evaluation program is also available from our git repository: https://github.com/cnap/grammaticality-metrics
The CoNLL 2014 test set can be obtained from the official shared task website:
This following metrics and reference sets are supported in this competition:
The scripts for calculating GLEU, I-measure, and M2 were modified to return sentence-level scores and so that they can be called by an external program. At this date, CodaLab does not support Java 8, so we are using the most recent version of LanguageTool that supports Java 7 (v3.1). I-measure takes several minutes to run and exceeds the time limit imposed by CodaLab on scoring programs. Therefore, it is not enabled in the online CodaLab competition, but you can run it from the original repository (https://github.com/mfelice/imeasure) or our git repository (https://github.com/cnap/grammaticality-metrics).
1. Ng et al. The CoNLL-2014 Shared Task on grammatical error correction. In Proceedings of CoNLL, 2014.
2. Napoles et al. Ground truth for grammatical error correction metrics. In Proceedings of ACL, 2015.
3. Felice and Briscoe. Towards a standard evaluation method for grammatical error detection and correction. In Proceedings of NAACL, 2015.
4. Dahlmeier and Ng. Better evaluation for grammatical error correction. In Proceedings of NAACL, 2012.
5. Sakaguchi et al. Reassessing the goals of grammatical error correction: Fluency instead of grammaticality. TACL, 2016.
In the future, we hope to expand the evaluation to include new data, references, and metrics. Feel free to contact us with any suggestions, questions, or comments.
Courtney Napoles (email@example.com)
Start: Nov. 2, 2026, midnight
Description: Please visit https://competitions.codalab.org/competitions/15475
Start: Nov. 2, 2026, midnight
Description: Please visit https://competitions.codalab.org/competitions/15475
You must be logged in to participate in competitions.Sign In


text:
How To Catch Pokemon! [Pokemon GO iOS/Android Tips & Tricks]【Play Games】
If you want to enjoy game play or capture, or want to cheat or hack, please watch this video. Learn How To Catch Pokemon in Pokemon Go with the help of Abdallah's Tutorial and Beginner's Guide! Watch the playlist: ►http://bit.ly/PokemonGo_Tips | ►http://bit.ly/PokemonGoPro Get all your

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The QRT 5 is a rugged outdoor flat panel antenna, with a built in RouterBOARD. The device has a 24dBi antenna and a high power 5GHz wireless transmitter.
Inside is the high power RB911 dual chain wireless device (see separate brochure), with high performance, high output power wireless transmitter. It has a Gigabit Ethernet port, to fully utilise the benefit of 802.11n high speed wireless.
Easy to use and quick to deploy, QRT is ideal for point to point links.
We hope that you are pleased with your purchase from www.umbermobiles.com However, we understand that there are occasions when you need to return goods to us.
Goods Reported Faulty Within 7 Days of Receipt, Please report faulty goods within 7 days of receipt .When the goods are returned to us complete in its original packing, after inspection, we'll issue a full refund to you via your original payment method less postage and packaging paid with the order.
Goods Damaged in Transit If your goods were damaged in transit, we request that you report it to us within 7 days. If goods are visibly damaged on receipt, its best to sign the delivery note accordingly. Once the damaged goods have been collected and received back into our warehouse, we'll issue a full refund to you via your original payment method less postage and packaging paid with the order.
* Octroi charges shall be paid by the customer, If any.
All prices are quoted in (Indian Rs.) Your order will be finalized when payment has been received and confirmed. We offer Credit/Debit Cards, Net Banking and Cash On Delivery available. very easy way to transfer Your payment .Your information is never stored on our site.
Thank you,


text:
1. "The Chair - Painting as Transmission of Information."
In this work I was exploring the most basic motives of painting. I imagined communicating the the essence of a fundamental human invention ( the chair ) to something intelligent but not human. Perhaps, if I were to describe a chair to a being from a world without gravity.Chair is a work about form, texture and communication. I had in mind trying to express some facts about a chair to an intelligent being ( perhaps extraterrestrial ) who had no experience, knowledge or need for a chair. It is more about the purpose of Painting than the thing known as "chair".


text:
Author: Jan Van Eemeren
Bio Note: Jan Van Eemeren holds a Master's degree in Product Development and a Master of Philosophy degree. He is now a PhD candidate in philosophy at the Centre for Philosophical Psychology of the University of Antwerp, inquiring into the conceptual overlaps and discrepancies of "E-approaches" to psychology and radical behaviorism.
Affiliation: Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium
Publications in Constructivist Foundations
Reader Impact Factor: 0.22 The RIF of an author expresses how many times more often the texts of this author have been downloaded than the average text, i.e., RIF = dn/D, with d = number of downloads of all texts of this author, D = number of all downloads of all texts, n = number of all texts published.
Zahidi K. & Eemeren J. V. (2016) Radical enactivism and ecological psychology: Friends or foes? Constructivist Foundations 11(2): 320–322. http://constructivist.info/11/2/320


text:
Resverlogix Corp. (TSX: RVX) (OTC: RVXCF) is developing RVX-208, a small molecule selective BET bromodomain inhibitor for the potential treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, peripheral artery disease, and chronic kidney disease, according to the Company's website (see here: www.Resverlogix.com). In this SNNLive On-Location, our host spoke with Donald J. McCaffrey, President and CEO of Resverlogix Corp. in New York City, NY.
In this video interview, Mr. McCaffrey and our host discuss the following topics:
- Overview of Resverlogix Corp.
- How cardiovascular disease is treated before Resverlogix
- Time to market
- Phase 3 clinical trial
- Resverlogix competitors
- On financing clinical trials
- Where the clinical trials are being conducted
- How many patients affected by cardiovascular disease
- Mr. McCaffrey's background
For more information about Resverlogix Corp., go to: www.Resverlogix.com
© 2019 Stock News Now
Supported by Superior Web Solutions


text:
In this day and age, quality dog food comes with a hefty price tag. While we all know how important it is to save money where we can, we also know how important it is to keep our pets healthy and feeling their best. That's why we invest in expensive dog food: because we know that its quality reflects how many more nutrients we're providing for our beloved pets. Here are the top five healthiest, most nutritious dog foods on the market today: Purina Pro Plan, Pedigree, Blue Buffalo, Nutro, and Beneful. Now that you know which brands are coming in hot in 2015, we can take a moment to show you what defining factors can help dog owners like you make important decisions regarding the perfect food for your pup. These healthy dog foods really make all the difference:
What you probably already know about dog food is that it comes in all different shapes, textures, and sizes, but the overarching theme among dog food providers is that the products are specifically manufactured for your canine's consumption. They are made with wholesome ingredients that provide your pet with a wide variety of the nutrients it needs to stay strong and healthy. Here are a few standout differences between types of dog foods that you should know.
The two main forms of dog food are, quite simply, dry and wet. The dry dog food is often referred to as "kibble," packaged in large bags, while the wet dog food usually comes in a can. There is also semi-moist dog food, which would categorically fall somewhere between the other two products on the dog food spectrum. Manufacturers truly cover all their bases when it comes to producing form of dog food fit for every type of household: frozen, fresh-prepared dog food; dehydrated, freeze-dried dog food; fresh or refrigerated dog food; homemade dog food; holistic dog food; and even vegetarian dog food! For the sake of simplicity though, let's just start with the wet versus dry.
As one would probably have deduced, canned or wet dog food is significantly higher in moisture content than dry dog food. It has approximately 60-90% moisture by volume as opposed to the 6-10% of dry dog food's moisture by volume, or 25-35% moisture by volume of semi-moist dog food. Because of this, wet dog food is often more wholesome in terms of protein and fat content. However, most pet owners prefer dry dog food simply because it is much more convenient to handle and sometimes significantly more affordable.
Most leading commercial dog foods have similar contents that make up their individual products: meat and bone meal, offal, animal digest, sugar-based sweeteners, and animal by-products. For the more affordable brands, it is common for manufacturers to utilize more grain fillers and animal by-products than actual meat. Because of this, some dog owners feel as if they have been misled about their dog's food quality; they believed they were purchasing natural ingredient-based dog food rather than one made up of filler ingredients. With that in mind, it should come as no surprise that the more expensive dog food manufacturers are the ones who produce the more organic, free-range canine food.
For pup owners who prefer to give their pet a more wholesome diet, they often look toward holistic dog food for sustenance. There are many benefits of holistic dog food: high quality, natural ingredients, lack of fillers, and a wholesome dose of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. While holistic dog food may not be the best fit for all dogs, such as those who have specific dietary needs or must take care of specific allergies or deficiencies, it is believed to be a better choice in general when selecting food for your dog. Though holistic dog food runs a hefty price tag, it is important to remember that at the end of the day, you get what you pay for!
If holistic dog food seems like the perfect choice for your pup, here are a few of the brands we recommend most: Canidae, Castor and Pollux Pet Works, Eagle Pack, Flint River Ranch, Natura, Solid Gold, Wellness, and Weruva. Like we said, while holistic dog food may be the smartest choice for most dogs, it isn't for all of them. Additionally, we shouldn't discount the immense health benefits so many other dry and wet dog food manufacturers provide! There are so many excellent choices for feeding your dog well that you can hardly go wrong with any of these winners.
Let's start again with the basics. Looking to ramp up your dog's protein and fat intake? Wet, canned dog food may be your best bet! Check out these top rated dog food products and see if they fit the bill: Solid Gold Canned Dog Food (great for dogs that are picky eaters!), Taste of the Wild Canned Food (grain free), Against the Grain, Nature's Recipe, and Dogswell.
If wet dog food seems like more of a hassle than it's worth, perhaps dry dog food is what you should be keeping an eye out for. These dry products are top of the line and sure to be everything you're looking for when it comes to giving your dog the nutrients that really matter! Try these dry ones for size: Blackwood Dog Food, Blue Buffalo, Holistic Select, Pinnacle, Taste of the Wild, and Hill's.
You're probably thinking to yourself, "Oh, boy. All of the best dog foods are so pricey! How can I ever afford this kind of quality for my canine?" Fortunately for us, a lot of the best pet food brands out there have killer coupons that enable us to both provide our pets with the nutrition and sustenance they need and help us save more money. Now that you know what to look for in terms of the best dog food products out there, we can show you where to look for the best deals and most affordable prices. Give your dog the gift of a great meal. Give yourself the gift of a great deal!


text:
JONATHAN BLUNK is the author of James Wright: A Life in Poetry, the authorized biography of the poet published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in October 2017. Blunk assisted with editing Wright's selected letters, A Wild Perfection (FSG, 2005). His essay on the poetry of Jean Valentine is included in This-World Company, the collection of critical writing devoted to her work published by the University of Michigan Press in 2012.
A graduate of the Warren Wilson MFA Program for Writers, Blunk has published poems, essays, and interviews in The Georgia Review, The American Poetry Review, The Nation, Poets & Writers Magazine and other journals and magazines. His independent radio production, The Voices of Worcester: A Literary History (1989), featured an interview with the poet Stanley Kunitz that was chosen for Kunitz's collection, Interviews and Encounters (Sheep Meadow Press, 1992).
In the 1980s, Blunk worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Jazz Studies at Rutgers University in Newark, NJ, and as an on-air radio host in the New York area. He wrote and co-produced Reggae: The Beat of the Heart, a history of Jamaican popular music for National Public Radio. First broadcast nationwide in February 1986, this four-hour documentary series is based on interviews with more than 70 renowned musicians.
In 1981, Blunk became the first private student of the master jazz bassist, Cecil McBee, who now teaches at the New England Conservatory. Blunk is assisting McBee with finalizing a book of doublebass instruction and jazz improvisation.
For more than three decades, Blunk has also worked as a literary editor and legal proofreader, and has broad experience with name branding and independent audio production projects.
At the time of James Wright's death in 1980, Blunk had already begun writing a thesis at Cornell University on the poet's translations from the Spanish. In 1990, to honor the publication of Wright's Complete Poems, Above the River (FSG and Wesleyan University Press), Blunk began recording interviews for an audio documentary on the poet's life and work. His research for James Wright: A Life in Poetry draws on more than 300 hours of interviews and archival source recordings that capture both Wright and the memories and reflections of his friends, family members, students, and colleagues, including some of the most prominent writers in the country.


text:
Over 14 million Canadians are either overweight or obese.
The percentage of obesity in Canadians has risen drastically over the past few decades and is currently at an all time high. Recent studies show that approximately half of Canadians are either overweight or obese due to a variety of factors.
What causes obesity?
Obesity typically results from an individual's caloric intake being higher than their caloric expenditure in a day. It seems like a simple concept, but there are a lot of other factors that make obesity a complex problem, and they may help to explain why the rates in Canada have hit an all time high.
Are there health risks?
There are numerous health risks related to obesity, making it a severe public health crisis in Canada. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, and mortality are some of the health risks directly associated with obesity.
How does it affect Canadians?
Obesity not only decreases the quality of Canadians' lives due to the severe health risks, but costs our health care system billions of dollars each year; $1.6 billion to be exact.
What can be done?
There are many steps that can be taken to decrease obesity. It is important to recognize and understand the causes of obesity, so it can be prevented using an integrated approach. This site will be used to determine the socioeconomic, technologic, and geographic causes related to the obesity in Canadians.


text:
Character Details
Physical Appearance:
Joan Heller is a cute pixie of a woman with dair hair.
Height: 5'3
Weight: 125
Hair: Dair Brown Hair
Eyes: Light Green
Joan Dalton Heller is a challenging woman. She has a forceful personality with a twinge of regret. She throws herself into whatever project she is working on at the moment.
Joan Dalton Heller is a master painter and sculptor. She is also very good at organizing paperwork.
Joan Dalton Heller killed a man while drunk-driving with her brother at the age of 16.
Later, Miles the Minor Demon attempted to purhcase her soul and instead ended up with the soul of her brother, Johnny Dalton.
Joan tries her best to make up for the mistake of a lifetime. During Miles the Minor Demon's second attempt to win her soul, she fell in love with Jacob Heller and married him at the end of the case.
She now works with him at the Heller Detective Agency.
Family: Jacob Heller (Husband), Johnny Dalton (Brother), Dalton Lineage
Goals: To raise a family, own a Pug
Likes: Art, Pugs
Dislikes: Unknown
Appearances in Published Fiction
- The Art of the Deal; Abberations Magazine #26 (Sirius Fiction, 1996)
Appearances in Unpublished Fiction
- The Undead Alchemist's Daughter
Author's Notes
Joan is based just a little on my wife Lisa Andrew.


text:
Do it yourself, or DIY, has taken popular culture by storm. The amateur mechanic, seamstress, trades-person, etc. can simply go to YouTube or Pinterest to gain inspiration or insight from 'how to' videos or blogs. How has technology in regards to DIY changed the way individuals learn?
To answer the question above we can:
- Explore the history of 'DIY'
- Look at websites that are popular data bases for DIY information
- Research the use of technology in formal education (ex: blackboard, self guided tutorials)
- Look at both successes and failures of DIY
"The slogan Do it Yourself currently keeps flourishing in many countries all over the world. It comprises many different ideas and practices of a so called self-made-culture: Whether in the context of home-improvement, or in the music-scene, by software-engineers or in the creative scene the DIY-culture spreads everywhere. While in the home-improvement-movement or the punk-scene the DIY-culture has a very long tradition, it became popular in other fields of everyday culture not until the last few years. Today many people like to make their clothing, assessors or furniture by themselves and often those self-made products are as well offered for sale at appropriate DIY-websites like etsy or dawanda." (Daniel, 2016)
Similarly to someone who wanted to learn through DIY, our group is going to create an informative video about the research found. As well as this informative video, a webpage surrounding the video with our findings will further enhance the experience of anyone wanting to learn about DIY. Like learning something new, text and video go hand-and-hand. In our website and video, some main points our group will discuss are: the positives and negatives of DIY through technology, independence of the learner, cost through DIY, and education in a DIY setting through technology.
Daniel, A. (2016, July 10). Third ISA Forum of Sociology (July 10-14, 2016). Retrieved from https://isaconf.confex.com/isaconf/forum2016/webprogram/Paper81922.html
Davis, J. (2014, May 2). The modern 'Maker' movement and the return of DIY - part 1. Retrieved from http://www.goddardtech.com/blog/modem-%E2%80%98maker%E2%80%99-movement-and-return-diy-part-1
H. (2015, May 14). Your DIY Blog: How to Choose a Blog Topic and a Blog Name. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWXsxqHLJPQ&t=150s
Hill, N. (n.d.). BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved from https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/n/napoleonhi384677.html
Pinterest inc. (n.d.). DIY. Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=DIY&rs=typed&term_meta%5B%5D=DIY%7Ctyped
Technology and DIY
Amy, Dylan, Evan, Chelsey, Mitch
The video below addresses the question of how 'Do it yourself' and our current ease of access to technology changes the way we learn. As a group we also participated in the DIY culture by creating the media piece. Making the media piece allowed us to develop a skill independently that we had not possessed previously. DIY and technology offer the user endless posibilities for creation and growth.
Media Piece: DIY and Technology
In addition to our video, more information on the topic of DIY and technology are available below...
Education in DIY
As technology advances, so do the ways we learn. Technology can help the educator and the student to meet educational and learning goals. It allows for more individualized curriculum that meets the specific needs of each individual by enhancing their strengths and challenging their weaknesses.
Independence of the Learner
DIY learning is important for developing independence of the learner. There are many benefits of developing this independence. DIY allows the learner to independently learn whatever they choose to, as well as learn at their own pace. The learner isn't being told what to learn and how they should learn it. Instead, they are free to make independent choices about what they deem to be important to learn and they can choose how they want to learn it. This helps the independence of the learner because rather than relying on an external teacher and curriculum guiding them and determining what they learn, the learner has to become responsible for their independent learning and making sure they stay on task. They make their own choices regarding how to complete the entirety of the DIY learning project. DIY learning also allows the learner to explore many different and unique learning projects, rather than, for example, following the strict curriculum of a university course.
Positives and Negatives of DIY
The positives associated with participating in DIY culture go beyond simply finishing a task independently (and maybe saving a little money). DIY offers a chance for individuals to feel empowered by their ability to succeed, to connect with others who have an infinity for the same craft or interest as well as opportunity to express themselves through their work. The link gives some more therapeutic benefits of DIY.
Although DIY may appear to be a fun and easy activity to take on, sometimes the task may be unattainable by a novice 'DIYer'. There are times when some projects should be left to the professionals. The link below gives visual proof of when DIY is not successful.
Citron-Fink, R. (2011, June). The Five Benefits of DIY. Retrieved from Care2: http://www.care2.com/greenliving/the-5-benefits-of-diy.html
Gutierrez, K. (2014, February 20). Four Ways Technology Is Changing How People Learn [Infographic]. Retrieved February 16, 2017, from http://info.shiftelearning.com/blog/bid/336775/Four-Ways-Technology-Is-Changing-How-People-Learn-Infographi
Keegan, N. (2017, February 16). 24 hilarious DIY fails that will definitely make you want to call in the experts. Retrieved from The Sun: https://www.thesun.co.uk/living/2879489/24-hilarious-diy-fails-that-will-definitely-make-you-want-to-call-in-the-experts/
L. (2014, October 04). How can we use technology to enhance learning? (LEARNING FUTURES - NITA'S STORY). Retrieved February 16, 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bv02p3i2YP0
WGT. (2015, June 11). The Complete Guide to Changing Your Oil. Retrieved from YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyso06GPksc&feature=youtu.be
Wilson, N. (2016, December 12). How to Solve a Rubik's Cube. Retrieved from YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3g1BH6Yo8M&feature=youtu.be
Created with images by kaboompics - "man reading touchscreen" • FootMassagez - "DIY" • Pexels - "art clay craft" • MabelAmber - "knitting knitting needle knit" • Barescar90 - "gears mechanical bronze" • Unsplash - "home office workstation office" • freephotocc - "cup of coffee laptop office" • AlexKingCreative - "mouse apple magic mouse" • FirmBee - "mobile phone iphone" • brendahallowes - "Technology" • kaboompics - "laptop office work"


text:
What a beautiful paring for the start of summer…. amazing jewelry and pink handbags! Check out these Perfectly Pink Armparties pictured below!
@madame_muse in a stunning Louis Vuitton clutch paired with Hermes and Cartier jewelry.
@panthere55 gorgeous Dior sandals styled with Hermes bracelets and Kelly Pochette.
channeling pastel soft pinks in Vita Fede and Bvlgari @miamia_c
fuchsia frenzy and colorful armparty mix of Cartier, Van Cleef, and Meme London @mina_bologna.


text:
This is Jake - he knows how to high-five!
Bubba - sports fanatic!!
Charlie, hanging out on the dock at the lakehouse. Gorgeous, regal, and sweet.
Rex, a true rapscallion.
This is Kevin - part dog, part white tailed deer.
The late and much loved Melon, feline supermodel (from reader Jeanne)
John with Zoe on the steps of the New York Public Library.
Zoe in a rare quiet moment...
Zoe fell asleep reading...
This is Bandit the escape artist. He was only 3 months old when introduced to this doggie playpen. The latch on the door didn't hold him, hence the cinder block. It only took him an hour or so to find a new way to escape. He even repeated the trick so I could capture it on film. Needless to say, I returned the pen to the store the next day.
(from reader Judy)
From reader Linda...
Gringo and Toto... chillaxin' (from reader Pam)
Humphrey, our last cat of three and a real sweetheart...
(from reader Suzanne)
This is Kiki. Almost 17, she likes toy mice, jingle balls, catnip, watching birds, Cheetos, lovin' time, laying or sitting on my books, digging in my purse, boxes, and waking me up at the crack of dawn.
(from reader Amy)
The beloved Kyoshi...
(from reader Sandra)
Mandy being walked by Candy's mom...
(from reader Candy)
This is Mandy Cat!
(from reader Candy)
This is Misty the Cairn Terrier...
(from reader James)
Beloved sisters Molly (left) and Missy (right)...
(from reader Bev)
Callie...I adopted her from the Indianapolis shelter about 5 years ago. They listed her as being 14, but when I took her to the vet, he said she couldn't be more than 4. (Computer typo???) So now she's about 9, but that's just a guess.
(from reader Gwenette)
This is Casey.... handsome young man!
(from reader Margaret)
This is Chloe... those eyes!
(from reader Sherry)
Cat nap...
Emma was my dad's cat; he passed away two years ago. My friend found Emma as a kitten in the parking lot of her apartment complex, hanging around a dumpster. She's 11. She adored my dad and had quite an adjustment after he died.
(from reader Gwenette)
This is Fiona, hangin' out with the sneakers...
(from reader Sherry)
And here's Fiona reading THE CAT SITTER'S NINE LIVES on her Kindle.
(from reader Sherry)
Harley the man... (Tasha's brother)
Those ears!
Iris is my son's cat; my son has been in an addiction recovery program for 9 months, so she's living with me. I told him that I was going to have to re-home her because she's the problem child, and he was crushed. So then I couldn't give her away, even though she picks on the others, especially my Callie baby. Iris is about 12. I don't understand why she's so mean; you'd think she would have outgrown it.
(from reader Gwenette)
This is Jasmine... what a pup!
(from reader Margaret)
Sink your teeth into a good book!
Lacey, watching for rabbits (from reader Debby)
Morris was the neighborhood stray. He wouldn't stop hanging around our house, so we had him neutered and let him join the fam. He's the baby of the family. We took him in about 6 years ago, and the vet said he was 1-2 years old. He loves me so much -- hangs all over me.
(from reader Gwenette)
Muppet in his formative years...
(from reader Robyn)
This home is for the birds (29 of them!)
Foster's favorite spot... hmmm, I wonder why?
(from reader Jill)
This is Bree at about five months...
(from reader Alicia)
Lt. Fuzz says hi!
(from reader Eileen)
This is Cody showing off his catch...
(from reader Cheryl)
Handsome 16-year old Max...
(from reader Kerry)
This is Moe... he was a rescue, so his age is anybody's guess! 20?
(from reader Linda)
Prince the Frog! (from reader Mary)
ps - Mary notes that we should only kiss the frogs that ASK us to kiss them, otherwise we risk salmonella poisoning!
A visiting relative of Prince's (from reader Mary)
This is Roxy, what a pretty girl!
(from reader Linda)
This is Salem (from reader Dawn)
Literary cat!
(from reader Denise)
"You said no dogs on the couch. This is an ottoman."
Sterling and Chloe (from reader Sherry)
"A little privacy please!"
This is Maggie and Abbie (from reader Carol)
"Hey wake up!"
This is Tasha, the Princess...
From The Basset Plantation...
All rescues!
In THE CAT SITTER'S NINE LIVES, Dixie is in search for Moses Cosmo Thornwall - a big orange tabby. This is the REAL Moses Cosmo Thornwall, from reader Ellen. Ellen won a character naming contest last year. He's a regal boy!
Best buddies...
Vinnie the cat
(from reader Carol)
Zelda, the African Grey Parrot! (from reader Barbara)
This is Buffy enjoying some pool-time...
(from reader Amanda)
This is Diva and Salem, monitoring the door...
(from reader Jean)
This is the strikingly handsome Mr. Muffin
(from reader Carol)
This is Me-a-Cat! (from reader Jean)
Emerald eyes!
This is Cody, who loves to go for car rides (especially in a car seat), he also blows the horn if I am gone longer then he thinks I should be! I think Dixie would love him. He is very vocal - my fault always telling him to "tell Mommy what he wants" - dumb idea!! He tells me over and over everyday! (from reader Amanda)
Simba, Shorty and Snowball... three hungry cats!
(from reader Jay)
Hi John, thought you might enjoy this photo of Bandit. He was considered un-adoptable, so of course, he is ours now. He has a portosystemic liver shunt which is managed with medication and diet. He was the victim of a hoarding situation and now is our resident brat! (from reader Linda)
Clem's Christmas
(from reader Donna)
Sisters Schmokey and Khyra...
(from reader Marianne)
Schmokey and Khyra waiting for a visit from Dixie...
(from reader Marianne)
Peek-a-boo Picabo!
(from reader Vicki)
This is Baby Blue. "Tea is served."
(from Reader Gwynneth)
Rusty and Pumpkin at the window...
(from reader Lynne)
WhereRu and Monroe
(from reader Gwynneth)
BeeGee just hangin' out. He's a former stray
who found a new use for the cat fencing
(from reader Jeanne)
Bonnie, as sweet as she is beautiful
(from reader Jeanne)
Crazy ring-tailed Fred, basket case
(from reader Jeanne)
Elmer tries to decide between red and white from a
wonderful nearby vineyard, Sweet MountainRose Vineyards
(from reader Jeanne)
Another picture of baby Chloe
& her big brother Sterling
(from reader Sherry)
This is Jewel, a young rescue tuxedo. She's still a bit traumatized but getting better!
(from reader Jenni)
Last winter our two oldest cats, William Shakespeare and Meshuganeh, had the warmest seats in the house.
(from reader Margo)
Slinky discovered that a bottle of wine with his picture on it won the best fruit wine award at the New York State Fair!
(from reader Margo)
This is Snaky, a friendly fellow who follows you around. (Dixie had to refer him to another pet-sitter.)
(from reader Christa)
My sweet kitten, Marty (named after Marty McFly from "Back to the Future") helping me make Indian Fry Bread.
Notice the flour on his nose!
(from reader Sara)


text:
Sold $1,200,000.00 - Residential, Single Family Home
*Represented seller* Luxury Ladera Ranch Estate located on THE premier lot in Oak Knoll village. This 5 Bedroom, this exceptional residence is home to the resort style backyard you've been dreaming about– offering a 9674 square foot lot and so much more–a custom pool, Jacuzzi and an outdoor island kitchen perfect for all your entertaining needs. There is a 3-burner DCS grill with rotisserie and searing burner, plus dual side burners, under-island storage and a sink for easy clean up. A showcase stacked stone fireplace and lounge area, plus a large grassy spot with room for a trampoline or sport court complete this amazing space. Inside, quality is reflected in the fine finishes including custom stone flooring, vaulted ceilings, designer paint and crown molding. The gourmet kitchen has granite countertops, crisp white cabinetry, stainless steel appliances and a morning room with a view of the stunning backyard. Downstairs there is a spacious bedroom with a full bath for your overnight guests and a conveniently located laundry room. Walk up the main staircase to your private master bedroom featuring a balcony retreat. Enjoy a redesigned master bathroom with tumbled stone, designer granite, and tile, plus a built-in ThermaSol steam shower. The back staircase leads to 3 additional spacious bedrooms and a loft perfect for a kids den, playroom or movie gallery. This beautiful home is meticulously designed, decorated and ready for you!


text:
Segafredo @ Plaza Indonesia
Not Open
Restaurant, Coffee shop
WI-FI available
Accepts Credit Card(s)
Serves Food
Open hours
From 10:00 to 22:00
Italian, Indonesian
Pasta, Sandwiches / Cakes / Pastries
dinner, lunch
Alcohol Not Served
Nearest Rail Link
Venue Theme
Café, Mall
Last update
18 May 2018
Segafredo @ Plaza IndonesiaPlaza Indonesia Lantai 1/I129T, Jalan M.H. Thamrin No.28-30, Jakarta 10350
Espresso has its origins in Italy.Who else would be in a better position to serve espresso and its variants (cappuccino, cafe latte, etc) than one of Italy's biggest coffee brands. Segafredo Zanetti Espresso (SZE) is a franchise cafe bar concept from Segafredo Zanetti. This means that all beverages served in this cafe bar follow strictly the way & methods done in Italy. Essentially, when you drop by an SZE cafe bar, you will be drinking coffee the way Italians do. In the Italian lifestyle, coffee & aperitivo/disgestivo goes hand in hand. Hence, there is rarely a coffee shop that does not offer alcohol. It is pretty much the same with the SZE cafe bar.


text:
Casa di Verde is a stylish 3-bedroom Villa with 2 bathrooms and a private pool, placed in a lush garden among orange groves in the tranquil village of Patelari, a five-minutes drive away from the sandy beach of the nearby town of Platanias. The Venetian town of Chania lies 14 km away.
The contemporarily designed Villa offers a large open plan space with two living room areas, one with a fireplace and one with a satellite TV and a dining table with glass doors that lead straight to the garden and pool area. A fully equipped kitchen with dishwasher and a microwave oven and a WC are available as well on the ground floor of the villa.
Three bedrooms are provided on the top floor. The master bedroom with a queen size bed, a TV and an en-suite bathroom with a jetted tub, one twin bedroom that can be converted into a king size-bed, one bedroom with a double bed, and one common shower bathroom are provided. A spacious furnished terrace with breathtaking views of the orange groves and the village is also offered.
A private swimming pool, a beautiful garden, a built-in barbeque, an outdoor dining area and an outdoor private mini gym are offered in the courtyard of the Villa. Free wireless internet, air conditioning, central heating for accommodation during winter, hair dryer, iron with ironing board and a washing machine are provided.
The calm village of Patelari has two mini markets and two traditional cafes. The nearby town of Platanias is a popular town in Crete with many supermarkets, mini markets, shops, restaurants, cafes, sandy beaches and beach bars, well known for its great nightlife and sandy beach.


text:
Lemon Victoria Falls Candle
Like the face of a small child when they bite into a lemon for the first time... surprise, a little bit of laughter, and a whole lot of happiness.
Light up your life with a Cheryl Saban candle! Made with soft subtle fragrances, they make the perfect gift for yourself or for a friend!
Stands approx. 4 1/8.
We care, and we share! The good you do will do you good.
Out of stock? Click here to order!
Due to the nature of handblown glass, colors and pattern may slightly vary


text:
Windows 10 Mobile Creators Update build 15063.251 is now rolling out for users. Recently, the company released this build for Insider Release Preview Ring members. The new build brings new improvements and performance enhancements.
For those waiting for the Mobile Creators Update, that's rolling out in waves across regions now.
— Dona Sarkar (@donasarkar) April 26, 2017
According to the company, the following Windows 10 Mobile devices will be officially supported in the Windows Insider Program going forward:
- HP Elite x3
- Microsoft Lumia 550
- Microsoft Lumia 640/640XL
- Microsoft Lumia 650
- Microsoft Lumia 950/950 XL
- Alcatel IDOL 4S
- Alcatel OneTouch Fierce XL
- SoftBank 503LV
- VAIO Phone Biz
- MouseComputer MADOSMA Q601
- Trinity NuAns NEO
Devices not on this list will not officially receive the Windows 10 Creators Update nor will they receive any future builds from our Development Branch in the Fast and Slow rings that we release as part of the Windows Insider Program.
Check you phone update and download Windows 10 Mobile build 15063.251 Creators Update.


text:
- Did you make any New Year's resolutions? If you're looking for some environmentally friendly ones, try these for size
- Is Avatar an environmental movie? Jeremy finds out
- I don't the Bishop's expenses scandal will follow but I'm not entirely sure the Lords spiritual are exemplars of integrity here
- Yesterday saw the unveiling of the new holder of the world's tallest building. Some more pictures here and a reflection on its significance by Skye Jethani here
- At the weekend there was an explosion in Shrewsbury. Has nothing much happens here this will be talked about for most of the next decade
Tuesday, January 05, 2010
I link therefore I am (05/01/10)
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
If you can't see the video and only hear the sound, please switch to Firefox/Chrome/Safari for better performance.
A spoiled, wealthy yacht owner is thrown overboard and becomes the target of revenge from his mistreated employee. A remake of the 1987 comedy.
Actor: Anna Faris, Eva Longoria, Swoosie Kurtz, Emily Maddison, John Hannah, Eugenio Derbez, Celeste Ziegler, Mel Rodriguez, Cynthia Mendez, Josh Segarra, Alyvia Alyn Lind, Garry Chalk, Stephi Chin-Salvo, Hannah Nordberg, Mariana Treviño
Director: Bob Fisher, Rob Greenberg
Country: USA


text:
By Susan Smallheer
Staff Writer
Art Krueger and his crew started tapping their maple trees in January, determined not to lose the first major sap run of the 2018 season.
Krueger said last week the sap had been running like a stream for the past couple of days, inundating his Button Hill Road sugarhouse in Shrewsbury with sap from 2,300 taps, and he started boiling.
"I'm hoping it freezes up so we get a break," he said.
Krueger said when he first started sugaring about 30 years ago, it used to be that he would start boiling around Town Meeting Day. The past couple of years, he's tapped in mid-January, so the Krueger-Norton Sugarhouse would be ready for the first run. This year he had enough sap to boil on Feb. 15.
"Anybody who's serious about sugaring is boiling today," he said.
Krueger's anecdotal evidence is backed up by the state's leading maple researcher, Dr. Tim Perkins of the University of Vermont's Proctor Maple Research Center.
Perkins said he had been tracking the increasingly early start to sugaring for the past 15 years.
"Part of it is climate change, and part of it is technology," said Perkins, reached at the Proctor Center's own sugarhouse in Underhill Center.
"The spring season is happening earlier, and it's transitioning to summer faster," he said.
Temperatures soared into the 70s in some parts of Vermont last week, but the warm spell isn't enough to break the dormancy of maple trees and cause permanent damage to the 2018 sugar season.
Perkins said, with climate change, the winter-to-summer season is more compressed and coming earlier, and that's having an effect on sugaring, but so far it hasn't seemed to affect overall production.
He said technology such as improved tubing and vacuum systems allow for an earlier start, and also lead to higher yields.
"We tap mid-January just because the seasons have changed so much over the years. The sap ran fairly decent in mid-February," said Ryan Mahar of Mahar Maple Farm in Middletown Springs. "We were ready for it."
Mahar, who works as a physical therapist in addition to his sugaring operation, said it seems like sugaring is starting six weeks earlier than in years past.
"We started last week. Everybody is scrambling to tap their trees and get going," he said.
Amanda Voyer, of the Vermont Sugarmakers Association, said she expected a good number of the state's sugarmakers were boiling, but the expected colder temperatures will "cut it off pretty quickly."
Voyer said if this marks the beginning of the maple season, production will match 2017 and 2016.
While it is too soon to know what 2018 will bring, boiling began right around the same time last year, and sugarmakers started tapping in late January and early February.
"This year seems to follow that trend," she said. "I'm definitely seeing pictures on social media."
Voyer said sugarmakers seem to be taking the changes in stride.
"They are adapting to the changes and getting into the woods earlier," she said.


text:
I was recently lucky enough to get an invitation to visit the workshops of the "Wheatcroft Collection" one of the largest privately held collections of Military ( plus a whole host of other) vehicles in the World. The Workshops are not open to the public so it was an honour to see the collection and meet Kevin Wheatcroft in person.
The workshops are located in several warehouses in Leicestershire and are an absolute treasure trove for the military enthusiast.
I spent the entire day with Kevin and his passion for his "hobby" was undeniable, and as he stated the collection "has got slightly out of hand".
Every building was packed not only with vehicles but with spare of every type, there is a strong market amongst collectors for trading/selling and amongst the multitude of tracks there were some rarities such as a complete track for the "Tiger".
Every corner you turn was an amazing finds not only tanks but a whole host of military motorcycles (Lot of Indians) and other oddities such as the Torpedoes for the S Boat he has recently purchased below.
I have never witnessed such accuracy when it comes to a re-build (Sometimes restoration is just not possible) if a part cannot be sourced Kevin and his team will recreate an "exact replica" perfect in every detail and ranging from a fire extinguisher to complete engines.
From bare metal restoration to complete rebuilds, all was being carried out.
Kevin said he has always had a fascination with military Vehicles and at the age of 15 bought a Jeep, he has obviously not stopped buying since.
One room was absolutely full of Radios and spares of every type and design, some of the completed projects are now on public display at the "Donnington Museum".
As Kevin said "The time is right to open the doors to some of these treasures. I have been badgered for many years to show these vehicles to the public and very much look forward to adding more vehicles as each month goes by". (I feel another trip coming on).
The final article is breath-taking; the attention to detail and the skill involved is simply outstanding.
A huge thank you to Kevin and his team for allowing me access to this amazing collection and the hospitality.
Lots more Photos on my Facebook profile.
"Fear Naught"


text:
I am trying to re-deck a pontoon boat. the owner dosen't Just use marine plywood this time 1/2 inch would be fine and glass over it on both sides with byaxle true if you can work with aluminum, it's by far the best. btw
Having done all this work, and having much to do to reinstall new transom material, I pose the following question to the gurus here: what is the absolute best transom material to use as a replacement? Marine Plywood vs.
If this isn't necessary, you will still need to cover the Coosa to protect users from the fiberglass in the material. Reply; Inaccurate . I'm looking to redeck the floor on my 28' pontoon, would this product be good for this project? about how much
light weight decking material for pontoons outdoor wpc floor pontoon boats 101 about pontoon Houseboats aluminum: is available as a deck material If I cannot get some aluminum what would be the best and lightest material available .
WPC decking is a kind of new eco-friendly landscaping material which is produced under high temperature and pressure from the . what kind of wood to use to redeck a pontoon what kind of wood to use to redeck a pontoon. best material to use on a pontoon boats deck the best type of decking for a pontoon that.
30 Jun 2017 and with better pontoon logs being designed each year, pontoon boats are stronger, more resilient and have more horsepower capability than ever before. Stronger logs = stronger decking = stronger 'toons. for commercial
pontoon Decking ChoicespontoonStuff Blog Site Category archives: pontoon Decking Choices pontoon boat Decking. what is the best material for redecking a pontoon boat pontoon decking is the material that is used to span the How Do I
28 May 2012 This is a restoration video for a 1972 Weeres ambassador 24 foot pontoon boat. we bought this boat as a fixer upper just this spring of 2012 and this is what should have ripped the 2x4's and a lighter plywood for the sheeting a repaint of the sheet metal would do wonders? Summer days here in East Texas are to hot so nights are better. How-to Redeck a pontoon - Duration: 6:51.
how to waterproof decking on pontoon boat replacement pontoon boat decking ,waterproof material for boat Feb 22, 2016 Safe Footing is a must Re-Decking pontoon boatboat Design Net I am trying to re-deck a pontoon boat. pontoon boat Deck Coveringboating Magazine what feels best underfoot on your pontoon?
Refurbish your pontoon boat with MariDeck 34 mil or 80 mil marine vinyl flooring, the best choice in boating. changes and advancements in pontoon boat material technology help today's pontoons handle like fiberglass V-hull boats.
If your pontoon boat is more then 1 hour away from Warsaw, IN we will provide you a preliminary. estimate. Plus, we are using the same OEM Grade, (original equipment material) as the best pontoon manufactures are using,. DECKING
is the floor on your pontoon soft, carpet moldy and rotting, and you're wondering if the next wave you hit might buckle your a couple of my neighbors and I took on this project last spring with several of our neighborhood pontoon boats that Your best bet is to use marine-grade plywood to refurbish your pontoon deck.
30 Jan 2013 Duration: 31:53. Classic boat Rescue 3,185 views Duration: 3:10. aurora Marine Industries 301,350 views Ship Shape TV 11,199 views · 2:02 Westlock Power Sports & Marine 17,230 views · 8:36 Extremely good
Results 1 - 7 of 7 Browse our selection of Marine Lumber & Re-Decking at Overton's. to PWC accessories. repair, maintenance & hardware○ carpet & flooring○ marine lumber & re-decking○ pontoon Self-Tapping Deck Screws, 100-Pack.
Complete your deck space with materials from Wahoo Decks. railing that won't rot, chip, warp, or splinter, Wahoo Decks has the decking materials you need to add living space, value, and beauty to your home. Perfect Your Outdoor Space!
Because we design, build and sell our pontoon boat seats directly, we can offer you the best prices on the highest quality pontoon seats. all of our boat carpet is custom cut to your exact needs, please allow 48 hours before shipment.
3 apr 2008 pontoonspecialists sponsored video on how to redeck a pontoon. what is the best type of plywood to use?? no shrinkage , Marine plywood is the finish of the wood, like for a wooden boat finish. when you want the
Marsh Brothers specializes in Re-Decking pontoon and boats With New Carpet Or New Floor Vinyl. Marsh Brothers always Uses the best materials When It Comes To Rebuilding Your pontoon From the Deck On Up To the Bimini.
18 Jul 2015 DescriptionThis DIY video shows how to fix a rotten boat floor. the text book way of replacing the floor is to remove the consoles, seat boxes and remove all
When I re-deck them I use marine grade plywood and then put marine I assume you are renting these pontoon boats out, and if so there is more than just maintenance has to be considered. Carpeted ply is good to walk on. Will absorb the large diameter of the head and square neck creates a greater bearing surface to keep the bolt from going through the soft conveyer material.
pontoon deck coverings. Our 24' pontoon is in need of redesign. the previous owner had removed all the side seating the plywood is flooring is in good shape and may not need any replacing (can't verify until old carpet removed) It's about the worst material you can use, trapping moisture between it and the substrate, so rot can form. Re-decking a pontoon boat with fiberglass.


text:
Project Description
The NCCC is the only rehabilitation centre in SA to offer our residents the chance to complete their schooling while still on the program. The Noupoort Christian Educational College which is formally registered and recognized by the South-African authorities on education. We have achieved a +- 95% pass rate over the past 5 years.
The NCEC gives students the opportunity to become re-integrated productive members of society, by boosting their self- worth as they complete their school education and go on to study in a tertiary facility and pursue a career in their chosen field of interest. The NCEC offers Grade 10 – matric.


text:
Product description
Equiped with powerfull motors and large wheels for a perfect road holding,the jumping race roll up to 13 km/h thanks to a boost mode.2 million HD camera,real time transmission of wifi.The two large retractable wheels adapt to all driving styles.Open the wheels for greater stability in high-speed,ideal on smooth roads and activate the compact mode to enhance agility and to drive through narrow spaces.Thrills guaranteed!
They talk,depending on their mood,they "bip","ziiip","groutch",like any robot!You can talk and listen through them.Imagine getting close to a cat and surprising it with the cry of a mouse!True tumblers,they can jump up to 80cm in height and length and always land on their wheels!The jumping perform acrobatics without the need for training: spin around,jump,roll upside down,push or hit an object.
You just have to click on it to see the jumping drone maneuver autonomously.
Control style:APP and control remote
Control distance: 45m
Jump height:60-75cm
Battery:3.7V 250mAh
Using time:about 20min
Charging time:about 50min
Remote control:2.4GHz wireless remote control
Product dimension:15*14 *10cm
Package dimension:20*27*27cm
Product weight:181g
Package weight:430g
Package included:
1*Jumping race
2*Spare rubber feet
1*USB charging cable
1*Quick starter guide


text:
Tandem solar cell with indium phosphide tunnel junction
A monolithic, tandem photovoltaic device is provided having an indium phosphide tunnel junction lattice-matched to adjoining subcells and having high peak current densities and low electrical resistance. A method is provided for relatively low-temperature epitaxial growth of a tunnel junction and a subcell over the tunnel junction at temperatures which leave intact the desirable characteristics of the tunnel junction.
Latest University of Houston Patents:
- Method for measuring physiological parameters of physical activity
- Gnotobiotic Rhizobacterial Isolation Plant Systems and Methods of Use Thereof
- Systems and Methods for Geothermal Energy Harnessing from Wells for Water Treatment
1. Field of the Invention
This invention provides an improved tandem solar cell and method of fabrication. More particularly, a two-terminal multi-cell monolithic photovoltaic device is provided by formation of an indium phosphide tunnel junction between tandem subcells.
2. Background of the Invention
Efforts to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic devices, which are used to convert solar energy to electrical energy, are widely supported. The cost of producing electrical power from solar energy has continued to decline in recent years as a result of these efforts and the market for solar cells has increased as the cost of producing electrical power has declined. Most of the solar cells now on the market are made of silicon, but higher efficiency cells from other materials have been investigated in recent years. Particular interest has been focused on gallium arsenide and related alloys and, more recently, on indium phosphide and related alloys. One of the important properties of indium phosphide is its resistance to radiation damage. This property is particularly advantageous in solar cells for space application, but it leads to long-lived and efficient cells for terrestrial applications as well.
Means of concentrating solar energy onto solar cells for terrestrial applications are also being developed. Intensities of hundreds or even thousands of times that of the sun are considered feasible to apply to solar cells if heat dissipation is adequate and cells can be developed which are long-lived at such conditions.
Significant increases in solar cell efficiency are possible from the use of tandem subcells of different materials, the different materials having different energy bandgaps between their valence electron bands and their conduction bands. A tandem cell is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,177, which is incorporated herein by reference. One of the subcells disclosed in this patent is comprised of indium phosphide. The growth of tandem cells by epitaxial methods in which the subcells are lattice-matched offers the possibility of monolithic structures having minimal defects or dislocations in the crystal lattice which lower the efficiency of the device. Tandem cells having indium phosphide as one of the subcells are particularly attractive, because there are a variety of III-V ternary and quaternary alloys available having differing energy bandgaps which are lattice-matched with indium phosphide. The integrated InP/InGaAs tandem solar cell has a theoretical efficiency greater than 30 percent. Integrated cells having three or more subcells can also be considered, the top subcell having the highest energy bandgap, so as to absorb and convert the shortest wavelength light to electrical energy and allow the longer wavelength light to pass through, and the lowest subcell having the lowest energy bandgap to absorb the longer wavelength optical energy.
Lattice constants of compounds and alloys used to form photovoltaic cells are well-known. When such materials are combined in devices having subcells of the different materials, it is important that the lattice of the different materials have the same lattice constants to within a small difference. This avoids the formation of defects in the crystal structures which can drastically lower the efficiency of the devices. When the term lattice-matched is used herein, it denotes a difference in lattice constants of the materials of not more than about 0.3 percent. Preferably, lattice constants are matched to within about 0.2 percent.
In any tandem cell device having only two contacts, electrical connection must be made between the subcells. Preferably, these intercell ohmic contacts (IOCs) should cause very low loss of electrical power between cells. Therefore, they must have minimal electrical resistance. There are two methods known for making such IOCs--metal interconnects and tunnel junctions (or tunnel diodes). The metal interconnects can provide low electrical resistance, but they are difficult to fabricate, they result in complex processing and can cause substantial loss in the device efficiency. Therefore, tunnel junctions are much preferred, because a monolithic integrated device can be produced having a plurality of subcells with tunnel junctions therebetween. But, the tunnel junctions must satisfy multiple requirements, such as low resistivity, low optical energy losses, and crystallographic compatibility through lattice-matching between top and bottom cell. Most importantly, they should exhibit a high peak current density. All these characteristics should be conserved upon completion of the entire monolithic device.
The use of In.sub.0.53 Ga.sub.0.47 As tunnel diodes for interconnecting tandem subcells of a solar cell has been proposed ("An In.sub.0.53 Ga.sub.0.47 As Tunnel Diode for Monolithic Multi-junction Solar Cell Applications," Proc. 20th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, IEEE, New York, 1988, pp. 771-776). It was suggested that this material offered the possibility of low electrical resistance tunnel diodes, but optical loss could be substantial. Of course, tunnel diodes between subcells should absorb minimal amounts of the incoming optical energy, which allows the maximum amount of solar energy to be converted to electrical energy. It was further suggested that any tunnel junctions of this material be made very thin or be patterned, so as to minimize loss of solar energy in passing between subcells. The use of patterns, which decreases the area available for the tunnel junction, increases the need for a tunnel junction having low resistance and much higher peak current density.
Solar cells having indium phosphide as one of the subcells and indium gallium arsenide phosphide as a second subcell have been described ("Two-Terminal Monolithic InP/InGaAsP Tandem Solar Cells with Tunneling Intercell Ohmic Connections," Proc. 22nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, IEEE, New York, 1991, pp. 381-387). These cells were grown by the process of liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). It was found that, although In.sub.0.53 Ga.sub.0.47 As tunnel junctions could offer high peak current densities and low electrical resistance, such tunnel junctions could not be incorporated into tandem solar cells structures because melt-back problems during the LPE growth would not allow InP to be grown on the In.sub.0.53 Ga.sub.0.47 As tunnel junction. The tunnel junction to connect these subcells which could be grown by LPE, consisting of InGaAsP, had peak current and resistivity values far less favorable than attained with In.sub.0.53 Ga.sub.0.47 As tunnel junctions grown on an InP substrate.
Although indium gallium arsenide tunnel junctions may be prepared with high peak current densities and be lattice-matched with indium phosphide, optical transparency of indium gallium arsenide is low, and it is necessary to prepare very thin tunnel junctions and preferably to pattern the tunnel junction to allow solar energy to pass through to a lower sub-cell of a device. These requirements increase the complexity of forming solar cells and the absorption of optical energy decreases the efficiency of a solar cell.
There is great need for a tandem solar cell having indium phosphide or an indium phosphide alloy in the indium phosphide system as a subcell, another subcell which is lattice-matched to the indium phosphide and having an energy bandgap differing from that of indium phosphide, and a lattice-matched tunnel junction to interconnect the subcells which exhibits high peak current and low resistivity values and is optically transparent. There is also a need for a method to fabricate such a tandem solar cell as a monolithic device under conditions which will form and leave intact the tunnel junction when a subcell is grown on top of the tunnel junction. Preferably, the tunnel junction is formed from indium phosphide, which provides simplicity in forming a tandem solar cell and practically no absorption of optical energy.
A tandem solar cell having indium phosphide as a subcell and lattice-matched indium gallium arsenide as a subcell and having a lattice-matched tunnel junction comprising doped indium phosphide is provided.
A tunnel junction is provided having effective dopant concentrations, as defined herein, of at least about 10.sup.18 cm.sup.-3.
A method of growing a subcell which is lattice-matched with indium phosphide on a tunnel junction is provided, the growth temperature being between about 300.degree. and about 600.degree. C.
A method of growing an indium phosphide tunnel junction at a temperature in the range from about 300.degree. C. and about 600.degree. C. is provided.
A method of preparing an indium phosphide single solar cell or an indium gallium arsenide single solar cell using chemical beam epitaxy is provided .
FIG. 1 is a sketch of a tandem solar cell of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a drawing of apparatus suitable for use in the methods of this invention.
FIGS. 3(a) and (b) are graphs of concentrations of dopants produced at differing temperatures and growth rates by the method of this invention.
FIG. 4 is a sketch of a device grown in the laboratory to measure the peak current of the tunnel junction of this invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of current vs. voltage for the device of FIG. 4.
A solar cell fabricated according to this invention is illustrated in FIG. 1. The solar cell is fabricated on substrate 112, the top layer of which is lattice-matched to indium phosphide and the bottom surface of which is back contact 110. Suitable materials well-known in the art may be used as a substrate with buffer layers to accommodate crystal lattice matching requirements between the sub-layer and the top layer of the substrate. A subcell of indium gallium arsenide, consisting of back surface field 114, base 116 and emitter 118, is then provided. Other alloys may be used if lattice-matched with indium phosphide. The subcell is grown by any known technique, such as liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) or other method for growing such material. CBE is a low-pressure (pressure less than 0.01 torr) growth technique using all gas or a combination of gas and solid source precursors. The gases can be either organometallics or hydrides of the elements of the desired alloys and dopants. Solid sources can be metals or metalloids of the desired alloys and dopants.
Apparatus suitable for use in the method of this invention is shown in FIG. 2. Chamber 10 is designed to provide a vacuum environment. Substrate 20 is disposed in the chamber so as to be available for epitaxial growth from precursor materials provided from solid source containers 22 and 24, from a high temperature channel 26 through which hydride or other gases may enter the chamber, and from a low-temperature channel 28 through which organo-metallic compounds enter the chamber. Pyrometer 30 is placed so as to measure the temperature of the surface of the epitaxial growth. Scanning electron gun 40 and fluorescent screen 42 are used to monitor crystal lattice-matching. Gases are provided to the chamber 10 from sources 54 through mass flow controllers 52 and valves 50. Organo-metallic compounds containing precursor elements are added in bubblers 56 and carried to chamber 10 in hydrogen gas.
In one embodiment of this invention, where a p- on n-type solar cell is realized, a layer of p-InP is grown as a regrowth layer above the lower subcell; an n-InP layer is grown when an n- on p-type solar cell is used for the first. If the lower subcell has been grown in a separate apparatus, it is transferred to a chamber suitable for low-temperature epitaxial growth, such as by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE).
Referring again to FIG. 1, epitaxial growth of the tunnel junction consisting of collector layer 122 and emitter layer 124 is accomplished at temperatures below about 600.degree. C. Metal-organic compounds such as trimethyl-indium (TMI) and triethyl-indium (TEI) are used to provide indium at the required temperatures. Pre-cracked phosphine (PH.sub.3) is also employed as growth precursor. Lattice-matching with respect to InP may be analyzed as the tunnel junction is grown. The tunnel junction is preferably grown at substrate surface temperatures in the range from about 300.degree. to 600.degree. C. More preferably, the temperature range is from about 460.degree. C. to about 550.degree. C. Most preferably, the temperature range is from about 480.degree. C. to about 530.degree. C.
Surface temperature is preferably measured by pyrometry, but any accurate method is acceptable. Care must be taken to avoid erroneous measurements from temperature sensors which are not located at the surface of the substrate. The tunnel junction is preferably grown at a growth rate in the range from about 0.1 to 10 microns per hour; more preferably the growth rate is in the range from about 0.1 to about 2 microns per hour; most preferably the growth rate is in the range from about 0.5 and 1.5 microns per hour. These growth rates are also applicable to all the subcells in the tandem device. Lattice matching may be checked by double crystal X-ray diffraction. Desirable pressure range in the chamber depends on precursor compounds used and other factors, but is preferably in the range from about 10.sup.-7 torr to about 10.sup.-2 torr. More preferable, the pressure in the chamber should be between 10.sup.-5 and 5.times.10.sup.-4 torr. The pressure measured in the chamber must be representative of the pressure at the substrate location.
After the tunnel junction is achieved, the top subcell, consisting of back surface field 126, base 128 and emitter 130 are epitaxially grown. This subcell is grown by the methods of this invention at a temperature preferably below about 550.degree. C., so as to leave intact the tunnel junction that has been grown. The lower subcell and the tunnel junction may be grown by the methods of this invention or by a method employing temperatures higher than 550.degree. C., but the upper subcell must be epitaxially grown in the temperature range of this invention. Contact layer 132 and front contact 134 are then applied using well-known methods. An anti-reflection coating (not shown) is usually applied over the top of the device.
Although indium phosphide is shown in FIG. 1 as the top sub-cell, it should be clear that alloys in the indium phosphide system that are lattice-matched to indium phosphide may also be used. The following alloys are here considered alloys in the indium phosphide system: AlInAs, GaAsSb, InAsP, AlPSb, GaPSb, GaInAs, GaInAsP, GaInAsSb, AlInAsSb, GaInPSb, AlInPSb, and AlGaPSb. These alloys have somewhat different energy bandgaps, which may be desirable in some applications, and may be used as subcells.
Similarly, indium gallium arsenide as a lower subcell is used herein to include all alloys of indium gallium arsenide with the addition of isovalent elements such as phosphorous, aluminum, and tin in concentrations such that the modifications to the bandgap are less that 0.1 eV compared to In.sub.0.53 Ga.sub.0.47 As (E =0.72 eV) and a change in lattice constant such that the lattice mismatch is less than about 0.3 percent.
The tunnel junction may be prepared by doping indium phosphide with a variety of elements, such as n-type doping with sulfur, tellurium, selenium, germanium, tin or silicon and p-type doping with carbon, zinc, cadmium, beryllium or magnesium. Dopant concentrations are realized by controlling the temperature of solid source effusion cells or controlling flowrate with flowmeters when organo-metallic or hydride sources are used as dopant.
It was shown that in the case of doping of indium gallium arsenide that the activation energy of doping resulted in attainability of much higher concentrations of dopant at lower temperatures, that at temperatures below about 550.degree. C. concentrations of dopant could be achieved which led to high peak current densities, as predicted by theory, and that the dopant layers were not destroyed by growth of a layer overlying the tunnel junction if temperature was maintained lower than about 550.degree. C. These measurements were described in U.S. Ser. No. 08/044,941, filed Apr. 8, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,407,491, which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes. It has now been discovered that concentrations of dopant can be achieved in indium phosphide which are sufficiently high to also achieve high peak current densities in this material.
Measurements show that the p-type carrier concentrations in indium phosphide are strongly dependent on growth temperature and rate. Lower growth temperature or rates lead to higher carrier concentrations. FIG. 3(a) shows beryllium doping concentrations as a function of effusion cell temperature at different growth rates and growth temperatures. The solid squares represent samples grown at a temperature growth of 783.degree. K (510.degree. C.) and with a growth rate of 1 micron per hour. The open triangles represent samples grown at the same growth temperature and a growth rate of 0.75 micron per hour. The open circles represent samples grown at a growth temperature of 828.degree. K (555.degree. C.) and a growth rate of 0.75 micron per hour. The crosses represent samples grown at a growth rate of 783.degree. K (510.degree. C.) and a growth rate of 0.75 micron per hour. It can be noticed that the carrier concentration is more sensitive to growth temperature than to growth rate changes. If the growth temperature decreases by 45.degree. K, the doping level increases very significantly.
FIG. 3(b) shows similar data from a silicon effusion cell temperature. The solid squares represent samples grown at a rate of 1 micron per hour and the open triangles represent samples grown at a rate of 0.75 microns per hour. Electron concentrations are found to be insensitive to either the growth temperature or the growth rate.
An unexpected behavior was observed for beryllium incorporation into the indium phosphide layers. Above a beryllium source temperature of about 880.degree. C., a strong decrease of carrier concentration, as indicated by Hall measurements, was observed. Results show that an upper limit exists on the temperature at which the beryllium source should be maintained when doping of the indium phosphide is occurring by the methods of this invention. This temperature limit is believed to be in the range of 880.degree. C.
To determine peak current densities attainable with a tunnel junction of doped indium phosphide grown by the methods of this invention, a test device with layer thicknesses shown in FIG. 4 was formed. First, a thin buffer layer consisting of indium phosphide doped with silicon was grown on a sulfur-doped indium phosphide substrate to form a base for the tunnel junction. Epitaxial growth runs were accomplished in the system of FIG. 2 using trimethyl-indium (TMI), triethyl gallium (TEG) and pre-cracked arsine and phosphine as growth precursors. Solid beryllium and silicon were used as doping sources for p- and n-type, respectively. To investigate the tunnel junction characteristics for tandem solar cells applications, all tunnel junctions had a p-type indium phosphide overlayer with the same thickness (0.25 micron) as the indium phosphide top subcell expected to be used in a solar cell, as determined by theoretical modeling. The growth was terminated with a highly doped indium gallium arsenide layer which served as a contact layer, as shown in FIG. 4.
Since it is well known that the major problem in the fabrication of indium phosphide tunnel junctions is the realization of high p-type doping levels, the n-type (silicon doped) concentration was maintained constant at about 1.times.10.sup.19 cm-3 and a thickness of about 750 angstroms. This layer was formed at a growth temperature of 510.degree. C. and at a growth rate of 1 micron per hour.
A tunnel junction was grown and tested in accord with the data provided in FIG. 3 in which the beryllium-doped layer was deposited under a growth temperature of 510.degree. C., a rate of growth of 0.75 micron per hour and a temperature of the beryllium source of 880.degree. C. The current vs. voltage characteristics of the tunnel junction were then measured and the results are shown in FIG. 5. The surface area of the device was 3.14.times.10-4 cm.sup.2. Analysis of the curve results in a measured peak current density of 1600 amperes per cm.sup.2.
By the methods of this invention, large values of peak current were obtained because of the fact that high dopant concentrations were achieved, as explained in U.S. Ser. No. 08/044,941. Peak current densities will depend on dopant concentrations, and the concentration of p-type dopant will normally be a limitation on peak current densities. A range of current densities can be achieved, but densities should normally be such that peak current density will be greater than about 50 amperes per cm.sup.2. Other tunnel junctions may be grown having current densities greater than about 200 amperes per cm.sup.2. The maximum current density measured, as reported above, was 1600 amperes per cm.sup.2, but values even greater than this are believed possible by methods of this invention. Although the p-type material of the tunnel junctions was grown at a temperature of 510.degree. C., it is believed that growth temperatures of at least from about 450.degree. C. to about 550.degree. C., are possible. The most preferable temperature range is 500.degree.-520.degree. C., but the temperature can be as low as about 300.degree. C. and as high as about 600.degree. C. During the growth, the pressure in the chamber was in the range of 10.sup.-5 to 10.sup.-4 torr, which is the most preferable range. Preferably, the pressure is in the range from about 10.sup.-6 torr to about 5.times.10.sup.-4 torr, but the pressure can be as low as about 10-7 torr and as high as about 10-2 torr.
Resistivity of the tunnel junction described above was below 1.times.10.sup.-4 ohm-cm-2. This value is based on peak current density and voltage. Resistivity is likely to be lower than this value in the operating range of current density and voltage between the subcells of a photovoltaic device.
The high transmissibility of light through indium phosphide provides a major advantage of the tunnel junction of this invention and the method of forming. Optical energy absorption of indium gallium arsenide is such that about 80 percent of the energy is absorbed in a thickness of about 3000 angstroms. With such absorbance, it is obvious that very small thicknesses are necessary to prevent complete absorption of light for wavelengths shorter than 1.5 micrometers in the area where the tunnel junction exists. (For longer wavelengths the InGaAs junction is totally transparent.) But with the indium phosphide tunnel junction of this invention, thickness is not a critical limitation and it is not necessary to pattern the tunnel junction to decrease energy loss. To produce a pattern during fabrication of a tandem device, a stop-etch layer is grown over the lower subcell. The tunnel junction is then grown on the stop-etch layer. A resist is then applied in the pattern desired, using well-known techniques, and the tunnel material is etched. These steps can be eliminated by the method and material of this invention.
The lowest value of temperature which is suitable for growth of such devices is determined by growth kinetics and crystal quality. It is believed that a practical lower limit of temperature is about 300.degree. C. The upper temperature limit for growth of the top cell of this invention is controlled by interdiffusion of the doping species across the tunnel junction active region and the deterioration of the junction characteristics. The upper temperature limit is believed to be about 600.degree. C.
A tunnel junction may be grown on a subcell at a temperature higher than the temperature range suitable for practice of this invention. To avoid destroying the properties of the tunnel junction, the method of this invention is then employed for growing the top subcell.
Single solar cells of indium phosphide were grown using the method of this invention. A back surface field having a thickness of about 1 micron was grown. Silicon dopant concentration was at least about 2.times.10.sup.18 cm.sup.-3. Growth temperatures were in the range from about 490.degree. to about 550.degree. C. A base layer having thickness in the range from about 1 to 5 microns was then grown. Silicon dopant concentrations were in the range of 0.4 to 5.times.10.sup.17. Growth temperatures were in the range from 490.degree. to 550.degree. C. An emitter layer having thickness in the range from about 0.1 to 0.6 microns was then grown. Beryllium concentrations were in the range of 1 to 5.times.10.sup.18 cm.sup.-3. Growth temperatures were in the range from 490.degree. to 550.degree. C. A contact layer was then grown. The contact layer thickness was from 0.1 to 0.5 microns. Beryllium concentrations were greater than 10.sup.18 per cm.sup.-3. Growth temperatures were in the range of 460.degree. to 530.degree. C. A metalization layer was then added using standard techniques.
Single solar cells of indium gallium arsenide were also fabricated using the methods of this invention. A back surface field layer was grown having thickness greater than 0.1 micron, and usually significantly thicker. Silicon dopant concentrations were greater than 10.sup.18 cm.sup.-3. Temperatures were in the range from 500.degree. to 530.degree. C. A base layer was then grown to a thickness from 2 to 4 microns. Silicon dopant concentrations were from 0.8 to 2.times.10.sup.17 cm.sup.-3. Temperatures were in the range from 460.degree. to 530.degree. C. An emitter layer was then grown to thickness in the range from 0.3 to 0.5 micron. Beryllium concentrations were from 1 to 3.times.10.sup.18 cm.sup.-3. Temperatures were in the range from 500.degree. to 530.degree. C. A window of indium phosphide was then grown to a thickness of 0.03 to 0.05 microns using the same range of concentrations of beryllium and of temperature.
It should be understood that n- and p-type layers described in this invention are reversible, i.e., the sequence can begin with either type and a change to the other type can occur at a homojunction or interface between layers.
An indium gallium arsenide subcell is grown on a base wafer which is lattice-matched to indium phosphide. An indium phosphide tunnel junction is then grown on the subcell, the tunnel junction having an effective beryllium dopant concentration of 5.times.10.sup.18 cm.sup.-3, in apparatus such as shown in FIG. 2 under preferred conditions set out herein. An optimized indium phosphide subcell is grown on the tunnel junction under preferred conditions set out herein. The usual contact layer and front contact are added. The substrate is provided with a suitable back contact. An anti-reflective coating is applied using well-known techniques.
The efficiency of the cell is measured to be 31 percent at 1 sun and 34 percent at 1000 sun intensity. The voltage drop due to the tunnel junction, which absorbs a negligible amount of the optical energy passing from the upper to the lower subcell and has a peak current density of 1600 amperes cm.sup.-2 and a resistivity of 1.times.10.sup.-4 ohm cm.sup.2, is only 3.2.times.10.sup.-6 volt when the tandem device is producing a current of 30 amperes and 1.25 volt. The decrease in efficiency of the device from electrical loss in the tunnel junction is only 1.5 percent, whereas a prior art device, having a peak current of 28 amperes cm.sup.-2, would not allow such high currents to pass the tunnel junction. The maximum allowed current of the tandem cell fabricated with the prior art tunnel device is 1.4 amperes cm.sup.-2 with a voltage drop of 0.4 volt. The decrease in efficiency of such a tandem device fabricated with the prior art tunnel junction is expected to be more than 95 percent of the sum of the efficiencies of the individual subcells.
The invention has been described with reference to its preferred embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art may, upon reading this disclosure, appreciate changes or modifications which do not depart from the scope and spirit of the invention as described above or claimed hereafter.
1. A two-terminal, monolithic, tandem photovoltaic, device, comprising:
- a substrate having an upper and lower surface;
- a first photoactive subcell on the upper surface of the substrate, the first subcell comprising a semiconductor material lattice-matched to the top layer of the substrate and having an energy bandgap;
- a second photoactive subcell above the first subcell, the second subcell comprising a material lattice-matched to the first subcell and having a different energy bandgap than the first subcell; and
- a tunnel junction, the tunnel junction comprising doped indium phosphide, interconnecting the first and second subcells, the tunnel junction being lattice-matched to the first and second subcells and having a peak current density greater than 50 amperes cm.sup.-2.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the first subcell is comprised of indium gallium arsenide.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the second subcell is comprised of indium phosphide.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the dopants for the tunnel junction are selected from the group of n-type dopants consisting of sulfur, tellurium, selenium, germanium, tin, and silicon and the group of p-type dopants consisting of carbon, zinc, cadmium, beryllium, and magnesium.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein the dopants for said tunnel junction are silicon and beryllium.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the peak current density of said tunnel junction is greater than 50 amperes cm.sup.-2.
7. A method for preparing a two-terminal, monolithic, tandem photovoltaic cell, comprising the steps of:
- providing a substrate having a top layer lattice-matched with indium phosphide; phosphide;
- providing on said substrate a first subcell lattice-matched to the top layer of the substrate;
- epitaxially depositing on the first subcell a tunnel junction, the tunnel junction comprising doped indium phosphide; and
- epitaxially depositing on the tunnel junction a second subcell comprising indium phosphide, the deposition of the second subcell being at a surface temperature in the range from about 300.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the surface temperature is in the range from about 460.degree. C. to about 550.degree. C.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the surface temperature is in the range from about 480.degree. C. to about 530.degree. C.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein the first subcell is comprised of indium gallium arsenide.
11. The method of claim 7 wherein the second subcell is comprised of indium phosphide.
12. The method of claim 7 wherein the second cell is deposited using chemical beam epitaxy.
13. The method of claim 7 wherein the tunnel junction is deposited using chemical beam epitaxy.
14. The method of claim 7 wherein the first subcell is deposited using chemical beam epitaxy.
15. The method of claim 7 wherein the first subcell, the tunnel junction, and the second subcell are deposited using chemical beam epitaxy.
16. The method of claim 7 additionally comprising the steps of depositing a tunnel junction and a third subcell on top of the second subcell.
17. A device including an indium phosphide tunnel junction, comprising:
- two subcells formed on opposite sides of the tunnel junction;
- a first subcell of indium gallium arsenide on one side of the tunnel junction;
- an n-type dopant for said tunnel junction selected from the group of elements consisting of sulfur, tellurium, selenium, germanium, tin, and silicon and a p-type dopant for said tunnel junction selected from the group of elements consisting of carbon, zinc, cadmium, beryllium, and magnesium, the dopant concentrations being greater than 10.sup.18 atoms per cm.sup.-3.
18. The device of claim 17 wherein the peak current density of the tunnel junction is greater than 200 amperes per cm.sup.2.
19. A method of forming a tandem photovoltaic device including an indium phosphide tunnel junction, comprising the steps of:
- providing a first subcell;
- providing precursor elements of tunnel junction-forming materials;
- growing the tunnel junction on the surface of said first subcell at a surface temperature in the range from about 300.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. and a pressure in the range from about 10.sup.-7 torr to about 10.sup.-2 torr.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of the precursor elements is provided in an organo-metallic compound.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the tunnel junction is allowed to grow at a surface temperature in the range from about 480.degree. C. to about 530.degree. C.
Referenced Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
|July 14, 1981
|July 14, 1981
|April 16, 1991
|April 23, 1991
|May 28, 1991
|June 21, 1994
Other references
- Shen, C.C., P.T. Chang and K.Y. Choi, "An In.sub.0.53 Ga.sub.0.47 As Tunnel Diode for Monolithic Multijunction Solar Cell Application, " 1988 IEEE, pp. 771-776. Shen, C.C. and P.T. Chang, "Two-Terminal Monolithic InP/InGaAsp Tantem Solar Cells with Tunneling Intercell Ohmic Connections," 1991 IEEE, pp. 381-387. Nordwall, Bruce D., "Satellite to Probe Solar Cell Damage From Space Plasma and Radiation," Aviation Week & Space Technology, Feb. 17, 1992. Zorpette, Glenn, "Photovoltaics: technical gains and an uncertain market," IEEE Spectrum, Jul. 1989, pp. 42-43. Yates, Marshall, "House Approves Energy Spending Bill," Public Utilities Fortnightly, Jul. 19, 1990, pp. 40-41. "USAF Funding R&D to Design More Effiecient Solar Cells," Aviation Week & Space Technology, Apr. 10, 1989, pp. 81, 85. Miller, William H., "Back Into the Sunshine," Industry Week, Feb. 4, 1991, pp. 52-56. Greenberger, Leonard S., "SCE Reveals Promising Solar Technology," Public Utilities Fortnightly, May 15, 1977. (year not known). Tyner, John T., "Desert Tortoises Drive 220-kV Line Construction Skyward," Transmission & Distribution, Spet. 1991, pp. 28-30. Annan, Robert H., "Photovoltaic solar approaches role as peaking power producer," Power Engineering, Apr. 1989. Rosen, Jerome, "Solar Furnaces: Concentrating 100,000 Suns," Mechanical Engineering, Feb. 1991, pp. 42-46. Ashley, Steven, "Solar Photovoltaics: Out of the Lab and onto the Production Line," Mechanical Engineering, Jan. 1992.
Patent History
Type: Grant
Filed: Dec 5, 1994
Date of Patent: Sep 1, 1998
Assignee: University of Houston (Houston, TX)
Inventors: Mauro F. Vilela (Houston, TX), Abdelhak Bensaoula (Houston, TX), Alexandre Freundlich (Houston, TX), Philippe Renaud (Houston, TX), Nasr-Eddine Medelci (Houston, TX)
Primary Examiner: Aaron Weisstuch
Law Firm: Hutcheson and Grundy
Application Number: 8/349,601
International Classification: H01L 31068; H01L 3118;


text:
IoT sensor market to touch $9.9 bn in revenues by 2026: Report
The global Internet of Things (IoT) sensor market is expected to be valued at $9.9 billion in revenues by the end of 2026, a new market research report from Pune-based analytics firm Persistence Market Research.
At the end of 2017, the IoT sensor market was estimated to be valued at $3.35 billion, the report added. For the forecast period, 2017-2026, the market is expected to grow at a compound-annual-growth-rate (CAGR) of 12.7% to reach $9.9 billion, it said.
The report further observed that IoT sensors are gaining considerable traction as they are being deployed in different industries such as automobiles and manufacturing. In the latter segment, the sensors reduce costs, streamline processes and gather data about various machines that produce goods.
Besides the above sectors, IoT sensors can also be implemented in smart cities, where they are used for traffic management and monitoring of energy consumption. They also find application in the healthcare industry, where they are used in the form of biosensors and implantable sensors. These sensors can also be used in consumer electronics like smart TVs, refrigerators and air-conditioners.
According to the report, the pressure (sensor) sub-segment in the type category is the largest by value and is poised to display a CAGR of 13.3% during the assessment period. This segment is likely to reach a market valuation of nearly $3.15 billion by the end of the assessment period in 2026.
The temperature (sensor) sub-segment in the type category is likely to display the fastest CAGR of 14.8% during the period of assessment and is poised to reach a valuation of nearly $2.6 billion by the end of the year 2026.
The consumer IoT sub-segment in the applications category of the global IoT sensor market is anticipated to exhibit the fastest growth rate of 15.8% during the period of forecast and is likely to reach a valuation of nearly $4.85 billion by the end of the year 2026.
According to the report, North America leads the global IoT sensor market and is likely to exhibit a CAGR of 11.8% during the assessment period and will be valued at nearly $3.2 billion by 2026.
In a report in March this year, research firm Gartner showed that global security spending on IoT is expected to reach $1.5 billion (Rs 9,782 crore) in 2018, from $1.17 billion a year ago. The spend for 2021 will double to $3.1 billion, considering 2018 as base, it added. According to the firm, nearly 20% of organisations surveyed have faced at least one IoT-based attack in the past three years.


text:
President Shellz has teamed up with Murray B to come up with a novel way to raise funds for Shelterbox – free range eggs! Members put in orders or just rock up with a few coins at our Wednesday meetings and take home 6 or 12 eggs fresh from the henhouse – choice! Last week Murray even delivered a dozen to my letterbox – all for a good cause, eh.
Just one more benefit of membership of the Rotary Club of Nelson West 😉


text:
Daedelus, the prolific Los Angeles-based project of Alfred Darlington, brings his Antidote Tour to Johnny Brenda's tonight. The experimental electronic project has a few dozen releases from over the years, the most recent being this year's Wears House. Mono/Poly and Free The Robots will also play tonight's show, and DJ Phonographiq will be spinning tunes throughout the night. Find tickets and more information on the XPN Concert Calendar.
Tonight's Garden Party at Da Vinci Art Alliance is sure to be a talent-packed and entertaining event all on it's own, but with a DJ set from Aphra in the mix, you know it's really something special. Aphra, the project of Philadelphia singer/songwriter/producer Rebecca Waychunas, debuted with Sadness Is A Gesture earlier this year — watch the video for "Honey" below. The Garden Party series showcases new, local artists with musical performances, poetry readings and visual art displays. Find more information on the event here.
Rap and hip-hop icon and founder of The Diplomats Cam'ron appears tonight at Voltage Lounge, following the release of his latest album The Program. Listen to "Hello" featuring Don Q below and read Philly rapper Voss' account of opening for Cam'ron here. Tickets for tonight's show are available as general admission or as a meet and greet package; find more information on the XPN Concert Calendar.
- Categorized Under:


text:
How can the Pastoral Council Assess the Effectiveness of Its Pastoral Plan
for the Six Pastoral Priorities?
The purpose of this toolkit is to assist the Parish Pastoral Council in its own assessment of its pastoral planning.
Approach to Implementation
The council members are asked to complete the attached checklists and use their assessments to dialogue about their successes and challenges. This can provide input for to their future plans.
Roles and Responsibilities
Pastor, Pastoral Council, and parish staff, participate in this activity.
The Pastoral Council will use the "Plan-Do-Check" method for their assessment. This demonstrates that a cyclical approach to the pastoral goal becomes ongoing. Once an objective is agreed upon, the "do" is initiated with all the surrounding activities, involvement of the "doers" etc., which are designed to make it happen. The "Check" phase looks at the progress and determines if objective has been met, or needs are carefully evaluated for effective completion. A revision of the plan may be called for, or a choice to move to the next related objective.
Expected Resources
The chairperson of the Pastoral Council facilitates the completion of the six checklists and the conversation around present effectiveness and future planning.
Assessing Pastoral Priorities in the Parish
Assessing Lifelong Faith Formation
Assessing Compassionate Outreach
Assessing Youth and Young Adults


text:
"And after these things I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth, that the wind should not blow on the earth, nor on the sea, nor on any tree. And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living God: and he cried with a loud voice to the four angels, to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea, Saying, Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads." Revelation 7:1-3
Healthy Choices For a Better Life !
Click the above photo to go to a seminar page for:
It Is Written Messages & Music
Listen Online - Messages and Music
"Do you not know that those who run in a race all run, but one receives the prize? Run in such a way that you may obtain it. And everyone who competes for the prize is temperate in all things. Now they do it to obtain a perishable crown, but we for an imperishable crown. Therefore I run thus: not with uncertainty. Thus I fight: not as one who beats the air. But I discipline my body and bring it into subjection, lest, when I have preached to others, I myself should become disqualified" (1 Corinthians 9:24-27)
Webmaster note: We are sorry, but we are not accepting offers of contributed articles, blogs, comments, videos, advertising, promotions or other similar posts.


text:
32Hundred Lenox
Elite Street Capital is pleased to announce the purchase of 32Hundred Lenox (formerly known as Metropolitan at Buckhead). This property is currently undergoing an extensive rehab including upgrading amenities, exterior, and full interior renovation. Located in the heart of Buckhead, 32Hundred Lenox is poised to be strong performer in the hottest submarket in the southeast.
Purchase Date: September 2015
Year Built: 1961
Units: 431
Average Unit Size: 964
Phone: 404-261-3037
3200 Lenox Rd.
Atlanta GA 30324


text:
Owl Design with FrustumsThu, 3 Apr 2014
My first draft of a circular bodied owl was based on the Owl Box project. The body was a bit on the skinny side – definitely in need of fattening up!
Rather than using a cylinder for the body, I felt a frustum was more appropriate. Luckily I have just the tool for the job…
<—New section added 5th Apr —>
The owl body is made from a cone shape with the top cut off. The mathematical name for this shape is a frustum.
I made up a rough version of the body shape freehand. Cutting out a curve of card, I rolled it round and trimmed it until it was the size and shape that I was looking for.
I then measured it up ready for transfer to the computer. The important measurements are the radius of the bottom circle (r1), the radius of the top circle (r2) and the height of the model (h). I measured these dimensions and noted them down.
I then downloaded the spreadsheet from an earlier blog post here and opened it in Open Office. (It should also work in excel but I no longer have a copy after Microsoft Word and I fell out.)
I typed in the three measurements into the three arrowed boxes. The circled measurements and the angle are all I need now to construct the net of the owl frustum.
<— end of new section —>
Having decided on the size that I was after, I entered the various numbers into the spread sheet. Using the dimensions given by the spread sheet I constructed the curved part used in the owl's body.
It all fits together rather neatly. I'll be making the finished owl available as a download on his own then as part of the rrvs type 2 mechanism.
Comments (7)
Shelley April 4, 2014 at 5:48 pm
Once again, I love seeing
Once again, I love seeing into your design development process, Rob. It still looks like magic to my. Even lifting back the wizard's curtain doesn't make what you do any less astounding to me.
Comments are closed.