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It may be because television writers are increasingly male, but the discrimination towards women that we see on TV every night makes us feel like we're stuck in the past. It's not like writers need to follow any rules when it comes to creating their scripts, they can write whatever they want, so why not write their female characters as strong and successful human beings that are more than just sex symbols?
Instead audiences are watching women with no depth that are being put down by the men in their lives. Fifty-nine percent of women make up the workforce, and yet there are still writers that are depicting their female characters as people that are not career-oriented. There are some shows out there that portray women in a positive light, think Girls or Broad City, but there are many shows that unfortunately showcase women in a negative way.
The shows that made this list are ten of the most sexist shows in television. This doesn't indicate that these shows are terrible by any means; some are better than others and most are award-winning and beloved by audiences. Only a few of these television shows are still on the air, but the next time you watch an episode, or a re-run of an episode, keep an eye out for the sexism. Hopefully Hollywood will improve the way it writes female characters.
10 Mad Men
Misogyny is a common theme in AMC's Mad Men. The television show's seven-season run was set in the world of advertising in the 1950s. Given the time period, we're bound to see sexist comments directed at women and men cheating on their wives, but Mad Men takes thing to a whole new level. From the first episode audiences are thrown into a world that is run by men, and the female characters never seem to catch a break. While the show itself is just the way things were back then, the material featured in it is extremely sexist, and some male viewers may believe it's acceptable to treat women the way Don Draper does.
9 Modern Family
ABC'S Modern Family isn't just hilarious and heartwarming; it has also won a Golden Globe Award and numerous Emmy Awards. There's no denying it's a great show, but it's also very sexist. The female characters are not written as well as the male characters. Neither Claire Dunphy nor Gloria Pritchett have jobs, Haley Dunphy is the stereotypical popular airhead and her sister Alex Dunphy is a typical nerd. If you look at the men, their jobs include a lawyer, a real estate broker, and the owner of a construction company. The show has been harshly criticized for its sexism over the years, and recently the women of Modern Family seem to have better storylines and deeper personalities.
8 2 Broke Girls
You would think that a show about two girls wouldn't be demeaning towards women, but it is. 2 Broke Girls is the story of a pair of best friends, Max and Caroline, and their struggles to open their own cupcake business. Even though there are strong storylines of friendship and professional endeavors, the show's writing constantly puts down the women, by making them poke fun at themselves in completely inappropriate ways. In one episode, Max takes a pregnancy test because she had a couple free minutes and "you never know," and in another she blatantly makes jokes about being raped. There's also obvious racism and crude sexual humor. We would expect a lot more coming from writer Michael Patrick King, the creator of Sex and the City.
7 How I Met Your Mother
How I Met Your Mother ran for nine seasons. Every episode viewers saw playboy Barney Stinson lie to women in order to sleep with them. These women almost always fall for Barney's obvious fabrications and deceptions, which doesn't say much for the female gender. The way the character of Barney treats women is disgusting, and yet the laugh track makes viewers feel like it's not a big deal. The odd relationships that were more serious didn't work out because she couldn't make Barney a better person. Something he should have attempted to do on his own. All that aside, there's no denying How I Met Your Mother was a hilarious show that we will be watching and re-watching for years to come.
6 The Big Bang Theory
The Big Band Theory may be a television show about geniuses, but the writers seem half-witted when it comes to developing their female characters. There's Penny, whose good looks seem to be the only thing she has going for her, and her stupidity becomes a tired and overused joke. Amy may be as smart as the male characters but she's made fun of for not being attractive. The Big Bang Theory isn't an offensive show, but the fact that the female characters are so one-dimensional is insulting to women. Maybe if they were written better, Jim Parsons wouldn't be the only actor on the show to win a Golden Globe Award and two Emmies.
5 Two and a Half Men
Two and a Half Men was notorious for its sexism throughout the show's twelve seasons. The mother is portrayed as selfish, while the ex-wife is awful to Alan, and the neighbor Rose is depicted to be crazy. The other women in the show are the one night stands of Charlie Sheen's character, and Ashton Kutcher's character that replaced Sheen in the later seasons. These women are usually unintelligent and superficial, and they rarely reappear after one episode. The creator of the show, Chuck Lorre, is also the man behind The Big Bang Theory, so it's safe to say that portraying women in a respectful way isn't exactly his top priority.
4 Sons of Anarchy
During Sons of Anarchy's seven season run, the television show gained a huge fan base. No wonder, given its intense plots and award-winning acting. The only area where the show falls short is in its extremely sexist takes on the female characters. The women seem to only be there in order to have sex with the men, there's no true depth to them. The men are made out to be more important than the women again and again. The female characters include a manipulating wife, an overbearing wife, and a crooked district attorney. Not to mention all of the drug addicts and prostitutes.
3 Pan Am
There was a lot of hype surrounding the show Pan Am back in 2011, but it only lasted one short season. Centered on the lives of the pilots and stewardesses of the Pan American World Airways in 1960s, Pan Am showcases the sexist world that women had to live in during that time. Much like what audiences saw in Mad Men. Instead of utilizing this exposure of how women use to be treated in the work force, it glamorizes the job of a stewardess and the women in the show seem more than happy to cater to every need and want that men may have. Viewership was in a steady decline since the pilot episode of the show, and we bet the way women were portrayed was one of the reasons behind the cancelation of Pan Am.
2 The Newsroom
The television show The Newsroom ran for three seasons, won a Primetime Emmy Award and a Critic's Choice Television Award, and was nominated for a Screen Actor's Guild Award and a Golden Globe. Regardless of all of that, The Newsroom was an extremely sexist show. The female characters are portrayed as women who care less about their careers than the men working alongside them. They are always involved in some sort of love triangle, and the storylines of their relationships are more developed than the plotlines surrounding their careers.
1 The Bachelor
Of course the reality series The Bachelor would top the list of the most sexist shows on television. A group of women set themselves up for rejection, falling all over themselves and fighting with one another at the chance to hopefully fall in love. They put the bachelor up on a pedestal and feel sorry for themselves when he doesn't give them as much attention or time as they would have wanted, which makes the entire situation seem sad, not romantic. The Bachelor sends the message to young girls that they need a man to tell them that they're good enough, and that they should cry if a boy never offers them a rose.
Sources: salon.com, csmonitor.com, theatlantic.com, hollywoodreporter.com, usnews.com, dailytelegraph.com


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New Cars Under 20000
It only just loses out on the $20k mark, but being over by only $190 we couldn't forget the dependable Corolla here. You obtain a 1.8-litre petrol four, which drinks 91-octane normal unleaded as well as returns 6.7 L/100km in the combined-cycle fuel test. It's a big tiny auto, also, at 4.33 metres long. A six-speaker stereo with common Bluetooth for phone as well as music plus a trip computer, cruise ship control as well as multi-function wheel are standard, along with a touch-screen interface.
The entire Hyundai Accent range in Australia begins with under $20k. You could go for a six-speed manual or a brand-new CVT vehicle, with either a 1.4 or 1.6 engine. It's a little larger than the Corolla hatch at 4.37 metres in length. The Accent comes with a five-year/unlimited kilometre service warranty, it is rated five stars for security by ANCAP.
It's the sibling automobile to the old Hyundai i20 (no longer offered in Australia), only it's worn a much neater and better-proportioned body layout. With a low and also vast position with the trademark 'tiger nose' grille, the latest Rio is absolutely one of the nicer-looking little hatches in the class. Guests are treated to an enjoyable cabin, also, with lots of basic attributes and great area to stir. Meanwhile the chauffeur is left with an excellent driving feel, with communicative steering and also superb body control via the corners. Visibility is additionally a positive characteristic to this cars and truck.
The Mazda2 provides budget-friendly Japanese build top quality and also perky driving characteristics. It isn't fairly the most popular in its course, but it is up there. The Mazda2 is little however big on safety and security, rewarding its owners with 5 star for ANCAP security. For the current model Mazda has included a variety of sophisticated technologies, consisting of independent emergency braking for all variants, and Mazda's G-Vectoring Control which supplies optimum stability and balance on the road.
The base-model Kia Cerato S begin with $19,990. It exceeds the base Toyota Corolla on specs, making use of a 2.0-litre engine with 112kW, consuming alcohol 91-octane normal unleaded and also returning 7.3 L/100km on the combined cycle. It can be had in hatch and sedan type. As a base model it's fairly devoid of upmarket tools, yet you do get luxury security, and the automobile basics such as central locking, a full-sized extra, an alarm system, six-way adjustable chauffeur's seat, cruise ship control, six-speaker audio and also Bluetooth.
Priced from $17,990, the Fiat 500 is definitely among the funkiest hatches right here. It considers under 1000kg and also returns a fuel intake average of just 4.9 L/100km when powered by the 1.2-litre in the base design Pop. First-class safety and security, 15-inch alloys, Bluetooth, a trip computer and also six-speaker stereo are all conventional, yet seating capacity is limited to just 4.
The brand-new Suzuki Swift has actually landed, taking sensible and enjoyable car to a new standard. For the most up to date version Suzuki has obstructed the bundle full of conventional devices across the board. A touch-screen with a rear-view camera as well as sat-nav is conventional on all other than the base GL. Yet with the GL Navigator Security pack version starting from $18,990, this is one of the very best value-for-money lorries on the market. It's additionally lots of enjoyable to drive, as well as the latest layout gives the Swift a full-grown and also contemporary outfit.
One more Suzuki joins this top 10 merely since it is as well intriguing to skip. The most up to date Ignis has actually been incredibly well received by the public and press, with its unusual styling and enjoyable, go-anywhere attitude garnering it plenty of brownie factors. Like the Swift above, Suzuki has actually packaged everything right into the small crossover to earn it among the most effective value-for-money autos in its course. It's additionally extremely simple to drive with outstanding visibility thanks to that essential raised-up driving placement, while touch-screen enjoyment with a rear-view electronic camera as well as sat-nav is conventional across the board.
Volkswagen prides itself on user-friendliness as well as gas efficiency. As well as regardless of the diesel emissions scandal all of its vehicles do supply exceptional real-world gas economy. Stepping into the brand from the entry level gets you the fully grown brand-new Polo. In base Trendline and Comfortline trim the Polo is powered by a 1.2-litre turbo-petrol engine that takes in just 4.8 L/100km on the typical cycle. Like all Volkswagen versions, the Polo's cabin is cool as well as neat, with a clean and easy to understand setup of controls, and a touch-screen user interface for all on-board media and also smart device pairing. It likewise provides a good 280L boot and also reputable rear seat room for the course.

subset: commoncrawl


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These days one name that is popping a lot over the websites is a doctors note. Well for those who have little knowledge about it, here is a little description. A doctors note is a statement issued by a medical practitioner that states the reason why the person requires rest and care. The notes aid in seeking leave based on a medical condition. This means one can make excuse of being sick even when there is no such medical condition. Fake notes are so far the cheapest way to serve the purpose without actually seeing a doctor. Actual doctor may refuse to issue a certificate in the absence of a valid medical condition. However, with fake notes, one can find a solution to the problems without much hustle. Several websites provide the service of acquiring notes for specific condition and for a considerable duration. These notes can be presented as an excuse for demanding leave from workplace, school or college. The websites charge depending upon the severity of the note required.
Before settling for a doctors note, it is important to check for their authenticity. Although most of these products seem to be authentic, the companies or websites issuing them impose a warning. The warning clearly suggests that the fake doctor notes are meant just for entertainment and educational purposes. Almost all companies and websites claim that they are not responsible for mistreatment of their products. Being a responsible citizen, it is our duty to use these notes in a legitimate manner at the right place. No website encourages illegal use of excuse notes. Since, these notes are not medically evaluated, we cannot use them as an evidence in legal matters. These notes are merely an excuse that allows one to counterpart the reason for absenteeism at an important event or location. For getting genuine notes, visit Slverex.org


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Many times, small business owners are skilled in a particular area and have figured out a niche that will help them make a living. In the course of creating a company, an owner will quickly realize that there are a lot of complex legal and financial issues which draw them away from their craft. This is why having the right lawyer, or business consultant can help assist you with these complex legal issues. However, many small business owners have never interacted with a lawyer or a business consultant before, and it can be a daunting task.
Lawyers and business consultants come in all shapes and sizes. Lawyers are like doctors in the sense that many lawyers have specialties. Consultants also have different specialties, but business consultants will advise on how to help your company grow by things like a web presence, marketing, and branding. Whereas a lawyer can assist with helping you choose the right type of business. In addition, consultants are going to take your idea or plan and help you get seed funding, whereas a lawyer is going to help you get all the licenses you may need and comply with regulations.
Word of Mouth
The best way to find an attorney or business consultant is by word-of-mouth. Good consultants and lawyers are usually busy and have many clients to deal with. However, if you pick a lawyer through a friend or family member, that lawyer will likely give you more attention because they will see it as a favor rather than just another client. The more attention that a consultant or lawyer gives to you the better your affairs will be managed. For this reason, you should begin your search by contacting your friends and family members and asking if they know any good lawyers or business consultants.
Online Search
If that does not work, the next step would be to try searching online. For lawyers, you could go to websites such as Avoo, Nolo, or lawyers.com. For business consultants, you could try websites like Upwork, Consulting Quest, or Toptal.com. You could also try doing a general Google search and looking for what is available in your specific country. However, I want to emphasize that this is not ideal because it is better to work with someone you have a relationship with or are familiar with.
Local Associations
Another way to search for an attorney or business consultant is by local associations. For lawyers, you would check with the local bar association. Nearly every country has one and this is the group lawyers join to gain relationships. For consultants, I would check the local chamber of commerce. These organizations typically have meetings geared towards business formation and you may just run into a consultant if you attend one.
Consulting Agreement
This Agreement is concluded between the Consultant and the Company.
Conduct Your Own Investigation
It is also completely acceptable to conduct your own investigation in order to find the best one for your needs. Do not be afraid to speak with multiple lawyers and multiple business consultants before you hire one. You can run a background check on them to make sure they are who they say they are. For lawyers, you can review their profile on the state's bar association website. For consultants, you can check the Better Business Bureau and see if anyone has said anything about them. For both, you can check online reviews to see if anyone else has been satisfied with their services.
Willingness to Strike a Deal
When you hire an attorney or business consultant, you want to establish early on whether or not he's going to give you a deal with respect to the representation or if he is going to treat you as a method to enrich their bank account. When you personally know your consultant or lawyer through a family member or friend, they are less likely to see you as just another way to make a fee. Feel free to ask to review their billing methods. Establish a process by which you can contest monthly charges to make sure your lawyer or consultant is not there to nickel and dime you.
Referral Service
You may be able to find both lawyers and business consultants through the use of a referral service. Lawyers have referral services where they sign up to accept clients in particular areas. For business consultants, many of them are members of local groups like BNI which is a networking group designed to facilitate working relationships. Talk to one of these groups, and you are almost guaranteed to get some names of people who can help you. You can also check the standards of service that the lawyer or business consultant must maintain to remain in that group because that speaks to how good they are.
Independent Consultant Agreement by Hiring Firm
An Agreement used by the hiring company when looking to hire an independent consultant to perform specific consulting services at the firm.
Client References
A good way to figure out how your lawyer or business consultant will treat you is to ask some of their former clients. Many good consultants and lawyers will have past results in advertisements, their website, or on social media. Feel free to contact these individuals and ask if they were satisfied with how they were treated. Specifically, you can ask them whether or not they intend to hire them again should they have any business or legal issues.
Issues at Inception of Small Business
When you start your business, there are a few issues that you want to make sure your lawyer and business consultant knows about so that you can achieve success. The first challenge is picking your corporate entity. Your small business can be a Partnership, a Limited Liability Company, a Close Corporation, an S-Corporation, Professional Association, or a variation of those formats. You want to have a CPA partner with your attorney and consultant so that you can be advised of the tax consequences of any money that you give to the company and what taxes you will owe if you want to pull money out of the business. If you do not create your company in the state (or country) which will be your primary place of business, you should make sure that your lawyer has all the appropriate documents so that your foreign corporation is eligible to do business in a particular place. Starting Business offers packages to assist you in opening a company with various packages to suit your entrepreneurial needs.
Your lawyer should create any contracts necessary for you to conduct business as well as protect your businesses name and logos through intellectual property protection. Your consultant can discuss how to create your branding and make sure that your name is going to represent the high-level products and services that you offer. Any licenses that your business needs to obtain from any administrative bodies should be adequately researched, and the applications handled timely so that you can start your entrepreneurial endeavors on time.
A lawyer should also conduct a general liability review with adequate forms for any of your customers to sign if you're engaging in a business where customers will be at risk for injury so that you can keep your company from being sued. Your attorney can also advise you on keeping records and accounting so that you will be able to receive the appropriate amount of deductions on your taxes.
One of the most important things you need to discuss with your lawyer and business consultant is what type of form your employees will have to sign in order to work for you. You want to get the company started correctly with the correct background checks, confidentiality agreements, non-disclosure agreements, and former slated to health insurance so that you are protected. Starting Business has many of these forms available here. Please make sure to review some of our forms to see if they can help your ideas.
Matching Specialization to Company Type
Not every business is the same. Opening a restaurant is not the same as opening a medical lab. Different businesses deal with different legal and trading problems at the outset. That is why you want to pick a lawyer or consultant whose area of knowledge matches the subject matter of your organization. For example, if you are starting a medical business, you may need to meet regulatory requirements of the health board. However, if you are a financial company, you may need to meet the requirements of your local financial services regulator. Each of those areas has different rules, regulations, statutes, and case law. That is why your attorney or consultant's specialty should match the particular industry that your business is in.
Smaller Firms Are Better
As a small business, it may be wise to choose a lawyer or consultant who is associated with a smaller law firm that does not have as many clients as the larger firms have. At a smaller firm, you get more attention and will likely have the ability to get more face time with your attorney or business consultant. In larger firms sometimes it is easy for clients to get lost in the shuffle because there's so many of them. You want your legal and business affairs to be on the top list of priorities for the attorney or consultant that you hire. Smaller law firms are also more flexible when it comes to billing, and you may be able to strike a deal and pay less than you would at a larger firm.
Agreement Between Lawyer and Client
This document is a formal agreement between physical/legal person and a lawyer whom the person is willing to hire as an attorney in order to perform legal services, such as legal advice, attending of meetings etc.


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But I digress.
It was the visits that got her. She always said she was fine with us being away until we came to visit and then, when we left, she missed us all over again.
I thought I got it then, but I really get it now.
On Friday, I was so excited about my daughter coming home for the weekend that I posted my Friday Feature on the wrong blog (at least that's the excuse I'm using). When I picked her up at the train station, it took all of twenty seconds for everything to feel as though she'd never left, and then, almost as quickly, it was time for her to leave again. A seasoned traveler now, she said her goodbyes in the parking lot before walking off into the station to board the train.
Today, the house is very quiet. That's not entirely bad, as Mondays are a work-at-home day for me for much of the day and I concentrate better in the absence of distractions. Still, there's a difference between quiet and occupied and quiet and unoccupied. Even though I've grown accustomed to the latter and have even built my schedule around it, I'd trade it for the former any time, even if only for a weekend.
We'll see her again at Thanksgiving, and I'm already looking forward to it. We texted back and forth this morning -- a luxury that makes this whole away at college thing easier than it ever was for my parents -- re-establishing the empty nest at home/young adult at school dynamic.
All of this begs a question: if I could change things and have her closer to home, or living here full-time, would I?
I would not.
|idamkilde via Pixabay
And, as you can probably guess, she is safe in that assumption.


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By Jeroen Kool, Wilfried M. A. Niessen
This monograph reports all proper applied sciences in line with mass spectrometry which are used to review or reveal organic interactions regularly.
prepared in 3 elements, the textual content starts via reviewing recommendations these days virtually thought of classical, resembling affinity chromatography and ultrafiltration, in addition to the newest strategies. the second one half focusses on all MS-based tools for the learn of interactions of proteins with all periods of biomolecules. along with pull down-based techniques, this part additionally emphasizes using ion mobility MS, capture-compound ways, chemical proteomics and interactomics. The 3rd and ultimate half discusses different very important applied sciences usually hired in interplay reviews, equivalent to biosensors and microarrays.
For pharmaceutical, analytical, protein, environmental and biochemists, in addition to these operating in pharmaceutical and analytical laboratories.
Read or Download Analyzing Biomolecular Interactions by Mass Spectrometry PDF
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Extra info for Analyzing Biomolecular Interactions by Mass Spectrometry
Example text
Flow rates as low as 20 nl min−1 can be nebulized [22]. Thus, gentler operating conditions (temperature, gas flows, needle voltage) can be achieved. nESI is extensively used in the analysis of biomacromolecules, that is, in native MS, where intact protein complexes are studied [16], as well as in combination with nano-LC for proteomics studies [23, 24]. Integrated chip-based nano-LC-nESI devices have also been developed [25]. ESI enables the soft ionization of highly labile and nonvolatile compounds such as (oligo)nucleotides, (oligo)saccharides, peptides, and proteins without significant fragmentation.
Meanwhile, the technique has found several applications, including the analysis of noncovalent protein complexes [38]. 5 Solvent and Sample Compatibility Issues In both ESI and MALDI, the ionization efficiency of a particular analyte may be influenced by the solvent composition, but also by (coeluting, when LC separation is applied) sample constituents. Either ionization enhancement or ionization suppression may take place. If the effect is due to sample constituents, it is mostly called a matrix effect [39].
A linear-TOF experiment can be used to measure the precursor ions, whereas a number of reflectron-TOF experiments are needed to acquire the wide-range product ion spectrum. Finally, the product ion mass spectra have to be concatenated by the data system [93]. The problems with the different kinetic energies of precursor and products ions, described above, can also be solved by decelerating the precursor ions before dissociation, for example, from 20 keV down to 1–2 keV, and then reaccelerating the product ions generated in a collision cell.


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Meet the first contestant in the first annual Psycho Donut Eating Competition. This unprecedented inaugural event will take place annually - in conjunction with NDHD (that's National Donut Hangover Day - or the day after National Donut Day). Come join us for the fun on Saturday, June 5, at 2pm; only at Psycho Donuts! Contestants will be eating a 14" donut pizza, fit for Homer. It's not your typical donut!
We are still reviewing applications for our final slot in the competition. The winner will receive a signed piece of art from Psycho artist, Simon Salas. Additionally, they will receive a dozen donuts, and some Psycho-branded gear. If you'd like to be considered as a contestant, complete and fax the application. Time is running out!
And now... meet your first crazy contestant!
Bernd Becker was born in Germany, raised in North Carolina, and migrated to the Bay Area in 2001.
In his own words, "I grew up on a steady diet of Nutella and Kinder Surprise Eggs, then eventually transitioned to donuts. I never understood people's fixation with donuts until I started going to Psycho Donuts. I learned about PsychoDonuts through KSCU The Underground radio station."
As irony would have it, Bernd is the Psychology Librarian at San Jose State University.


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The student loan world is rife with financial pressures and troubles. Often times, graduates are hit with a series of problems which keeps them from paying their loans on time. In most cases, they're able to find options for repayment that suits their current situation. But in others, such as with those who take loans from private lenders, the problems only start.
In some cases, those with student loan debt are sued by collection programs, often due to default or other issues. For those living in Ohio, such instances are all too real.
Several debtors are currently being sued by bill collectors from Ohio's attorney offices, in part on behalf of Ohio State University. However, despite the age and amount of some debts, the attorney offices have attached aggressively inflated fees and costs associated with the action.
According to the Legal Aid Society, 4 individuals sued last year saw unreasonably high costs regarding their old debts. One man, for example, responsible for $900 in loans he doesn't recall taking out in the 70's is now facing an extra $1500 in fees, associated with the current amount of $2300.
This has come to light after the Legal Aid Society filed lawsuits in response to the court actions from 2015. The defense believes these charges are not only excessive, but erroneous and predatory by nature.
The Legal Aid, helped by lawyer Scott Torguson, is appealing to the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act to assert that the charges demanded are more than necessary. The FDCPA was initiated to help protect both consumer and debtors from unfair collection practices and aggressive tactics typically seen by credit agencies. In this case, it's being used to help Ohio graduates fend off law suits.
Roughly 70 percent of the total is added to collection costs from total amount due, according to lender practices. While Ohio law does not allow private creditors to collect on these loans themselves, the increase in total debt owed is an unwieldy burden.
In defense of the actions by Ohio based loaners, the claim is that adding costs to what's originally owed assures the amount doesn't go to tax dollars.
However, Scott Torguson asserts the added fees are not disclosed to students. Loaners are unaware of the additional costs associated with their loans, assuming they go into default or fall behind on payments.
As of now, 3 of the 4 court cases against student graduates have been dropped. Mainly this is because the total amount of the added fees and collections cannot exceed 40 percent of the original amount owed. For example, Andrew Coleman was an attendee of Ohio State and borrowed $1600 from the Perkins Loan program. However, he faced financial difficulty and was unable to make payments in full. When courts pursued action to collect the debt, the added fees and inflated costs associated with the debt essentially nullified the claim.
Stories like these are prime examples of the ever growing student loan problem. Even when multiple repayment options exist, often graduates or debtors are still pursued through court action, which as shown, adds excess cost to their already heavy loan amounts.


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Love status : Whatsapp Status for Love
I want to be in your arms, where you hold me tight and never let me go.
"Every time I see u I fall in love all over again"
"Can I borrow a Kiss? I promise I'll give it back"
Did YOU know i really love the 2nd word of this question?
"I fell in love with u, I don't know why or how. I just did."
Love is like a Air ..We can't see it but! we can feel it..
Every time you texts me my cheeks hurt! I guess I smile too big.
Every moment I spent with you.. is like beautiful dream come true.
It feels so good to wake up with you in the morning.
Being someone's first love may be great, but to be their last is beyond perfect.
A successful relationship requires falling in love many times, always with the same person.


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Build me a cryptocurrency website -
Presupuesto $30-250 CAD
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The knowledge is the essence of everything. The knowledge and information about the basic construction and the basic structure of the human body are very vital.
The study about the skeleton, the organs of the various sections of the body and the nervous system is significantly essential for anyone who is in the field of medicine, biology and any type of health studies.
Human Anatomy
The "Basics of Human Anatomy" provides the brief introduction of each and every group of anatomy. It also provides a clear and accessible introduction to the human body. It provides the information about the structure, functioning and the primary system of the human body. Human anatomy is very vast and the detail of every important aspect is provided in a very brief yet understandable form.
The human anatomy is a very vast and huge field. It is all about the study of the human body. But it is not restricted to only the main organs or the overview of the body. The human anatomy is the detailed study of the human body along with the smallest organs, nerves, cells, tissues- everything. It is very important to understand the basic theme of the anatomy. Here the discussion about the human anatomy is done carefully. Not just this, but also a good discussion about the various types of anatomies is done. There are many different types of anatomies, which are the sub-divisions of the main human anatomy. These sub-divisions of the human anatomy are very vital. They are very different from each other in many aspects. The simplest language is used to make the concept clearer to the students. The human anatomy plays a vital role in the medical field. All those who are somewhere related to the medical field, are required to understand the importance of the human anatomy. This concept is used in the medical field, in the health-related research and in many sections and domains of biology.
The human anatomy, which is divided into certain categories, is very significant. This division or categorization of the different sects of the human anatomy will help people to understand each and every aspect, separately.
The various divisions of human anatomy are the gross anatomy or macroscopic anatomy, the histology or microscopic anatomy, the physiology, the embryology or the developmental anatomy, the clinical anatomy, the living anatomy, the surface or the radiographic anatomy and the basic anatomy. The human anatomy is divided into all these divisions and the most basic of all is the basic anatomy.
The basic anatomy tells about basic idea behind the human anatomy. The basic anatomy is significant because, without having the knowledge of the most basic concepts, it is very laborious to understand the human body and its most complex structural details. So the basic anatomy is a compulsion to be learned completely before one can learn about the human anatomy.
The gross anatomy or the macroscopic anatomy is another important aspect of the human anatomy. It is basically divided into two sections or approaches. These approaches are vital and needed for the understanding of the gross anatomy. The two sections or the approaches are according to the system of the organs and the region of the organs. Every organ has some different functioning and way of processing and each organ has a limited, decided area or portion of the body, where it works. These organs work according to the body needs also. These organs reside in a particular space in the human body and the system of each of them is distinct. The discussion on the gross anatomy or the macroscopic anatomy is done in the next few chapters for a better understanding. Along with this, the discussion about the two approaches is done, in a subtle way so that it can be understood properly.
In the next few sections of the human anatomy, the histology or the microscopic anatomy is also discussed. The introduction of the microscopic anatomy, the features and the functioning and the way of examining is also defined. The embryology or the developmental anatomy also has a significant role in the human anatomy, which is described precisely, in order to understand it well.
The other branch of the human anatomy is the living anatomy. The living anatomy and the gross anatomy are the two branches of the human anatomy, which are very different from any other branches of the human anatomy. The main reason behind this difference is that the other branches of human anatomy, needs the dissection method. The method or process of dissection is performed only on the dead bodies. This method is important to study the internal structure of the human body. In this method, students are trained to cut the dead bodies by the process of dissection, in order to understand the internal structure and internal functioning of the human body.
Now how the living anatomy and the gross anatomy are different from the other branches? It is because both do not require the process of dissection. It is impossible to attempt dissection on the living human being, and so this branch stands distinct from every other branch of human anatomy.
Human anatomy has also a lot of terminologies, which are important to know and understand. At the starting level, they may seem a little confusing, but they are actually easy to understand and remember. These terminologies are vast so they are required to be remembered properly. There are different terminologies for the different organs and the functions. These are medical terms and are only used in the medical field, by the professionals. Such terms include various names of different types of positions. These positions can be the standing positions or the laying positions. These are basically used for the check-up of a patient or during the diagnosis. Beside this, there are also many terminologies for the various types of planes, which are horizontal as well as vertical. These planes are important and they tell about the body in a precise way. Apart from this, there are certain terminologies for the various types of muscle and their working.These are very useful as once, a person has understood the differences, and he can easily differentiate between the muscles as well as the positions and the planes.
Another important aspect of the terminology is the various anatomical names or terms to describe the movement of the organs. The organs may move forward or upward, or any related direction. According to this, the movements are describing in the anatomical terminology. The relative terminologies are described. There are various terms used to describe limbs. These terminologies are important and very vital.
There is a discussion about the different classification of the human anatomy. Here the human anatomy is described in the 8 types of classification, which has covered the major organs of the body along with their functionalities.
The description of the human anatomy starts with the head and neck section of the body, which covers the whole skull, the brain, the face, the eyes, ears, the mouth etc.
Going down, the description of upper limbs which consists of hands and arms, as well as the thorax is also described. The abdomen and the pelvis are described, where the major organs like the lungs and heart are discussed. Along with this, the functioning of the pancreas, kidney, liver etc. is also discussed.
The basics of human anatomy are discussed well in order to understand the whole process with a conclusion, stating the importance of Human anatomy.
Human anatomy is the study of the internal and external structure of the human body. The relationships between the internal and external structure with each other are also determined. It also incorporates the study of muscles, bones, joints and the whole systems of the human body. The main focus of the human anatomy is on the standard naming of the organs, their functionalities, and their physical properties.
Human anatomy is all about learning and understanding the structure of the body. The word anatomy is derived from the Greek word "Anatome", which means to cut up. In the human anatomy, every small detail of every organ of the body is described, including its working.
There are basically two main levels of the structure of human body. These are macroscopic level and Microscopic level. The macroscopic level is known as Gross Anatomy. The other one that is, the microscopic level is known as Microscopic Anatomy or histology. Now, coming back to the human anatomy, the study of anatomy has many subspecialties. These are the Gross anatomy, Microscopic anatomy or histology, Developmental anatomy or Embryology, living anatomy, physiology etc. In the later chapters, these subdivisions are described completely and it is described that how each of the forms of anatomy and their methods is different from each other.
The human anatomy is very old and hence it has a very long and vast history. The history of human anatomy has done its part to some of the most intelligent people the world has ever seen. Human anatomy can be divided into the following eras
The history of anatomy can be traced from the Greek period. In somewhere near 400 B.C, the most famous people of this period were Herophilus and Hippocrates. Hippocrates was the man, who was regarded as the father of medicine. He is also considered as one of the founders of anatomy, who has discovered many things for the sake of humanity. Herophilus is also famous and known as the father of anatomy. Herophilus was among the very first few people to dissect or analyze the human body. His contribution to anatomy is regarded as one of the greatest discoveries. He has done some great discoveries and by that, he created differentiation in the field of anatomy. He had differentiated several organs from each other, in order to understand the differences, he studied a lot. He differentiated cerebrum from the cerebellum. One among the most noted differentiation by Herophilus was that he differentiated nerves from tendons and arteries from veins. He gave various reasons and characteristics of each so that the differences can be easily understandable.
Great discoveries took place in the time of Roman Empire, A.D also. One of the most important and prominent anatomists of the Roman period was Galen. Due to his capabilities and discoveries, he is known as the "Prince of Physicians". Galen was the first experimental physiologist. He was very famous and his teachings were followed by many for nearly 15 centuries. His teachings were considered as the infallible authorities of anatomy.
The most significant personality and the most prominent scientist of the fourteenth century were Mondino de Liuzzi. Ha hailed from Italy and he had posted as the professor of anatomy in Balogna. Liuzzi was very popular for his book "Anthomia". The book he wrote was considered and treated as the authorized text for anatomy. The book was considered for over a century. The reason behind the popularity of his book was that he had taught anatomy with the help of dissection. The book works as a guide for those who wanted to perform the dissection. He was one of the most renowned anatomists, before the famous Vesalius.
Anatomy is also traced from the time of Andreas Vesalius, who had reformed the subject of anatomy in his book "The working of the Human Body" in the year 1543. Later in 1590, one of the finest discoveries took place in the form of compound microscope, and then the microscopic anatomy or histology took place in the seventeenth century. The founder of microscopic anatomy was Malpighi. In the fifteenth century, it was the time when one of the greatest and prominent geniuses came for the help. He was Leonardo da Vinci. He was the originator and creator of cross-sectional anatomy. The most significant and admirable work, done by Da Vince, in the field of anatomy, was the collection of drawings of all the things he has observed and examined. These drawings were perfectly made and extremely clear that everything can be understood very easily. In his collection of 60 notebooks, he made a total of 500 diagrams. These diagrams were proved to be very beneficial.
After that, in the year 1628, the working of the circulation of the blood was discovered by Harvey. In the eighteenth century, the modern embryology was established by Wolff and in the year of 1801, the gross classification of tissues was discovered by Bichat. In these two centuries i.e. the eighteenth and the nineteenth century, some major changes have happened and major steps were taken in the learning procedures of anatomy. For the medical students, dissection was made compulsory, to understand the human body. Later Warburton Anatomy Act was passed in England. Under this act, all the unclaimed and unidentified dead bodies were made available for dissection. Inventions such as the techniques of endoscopy were made. In this period, the usage of formalin as a fixative was also started. The history of anatomy has many more notable discoveries and the advancement was seen in the later nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. The most prominent anatomists of this century include Cuvier, Meckel and Henry Gray, who is also the author of the great and most considered book "Grays's Anatomy".
The Human anatomy is divided into many branches which have their own significance and they vary them from each other.
- Gross Anatomy or Macroscopic anatomy: The gross anatomy means that the whole study of the body and the examination of the body structure without the help of a microscope. So the Gross anatomy is the study of macroscopic details of the human body. Due to this reason, there is no requirement of any instrument of medical equipment. Gross anatomy is generally studied on the dead bodies. The examination is performed on the dead body because it is impossible to dissect a living human, for the study of anatomy. Due to this reason, gross anatomy is also known as cadaveric anatomy.
Gross anatomy is divided into two approaches. Both of the approaches can be used for the study of gross anatomy. So basically in Gross Anatomy, the structure of human body is studied, as seen by the naked eyes. Hence it is the macroscopic level of the human anatomy.
The whole working of Gross anatomy is arranged into these two types of approaches. With the help of these two approaches, the gross anatomy can be studied and understood. These approaches are very important. They are the Systemic Approach and the Regional Approach.
- Systemic Approach: The systemic arrangement of human anatomy is related to the various systems of the human body. The systemic approach is the study of the functional relationships of body organs within a system. In the systemic arrangement, the body is divided into the types of organs and their system. This includes the skeleton of the body or the skeletal system, the various muscular systems, nervous system and the digestive system of the body. Apart from this, there are many structures that belong to a single system. The study of all these systems and their functioning is achieved here.
- Regional Approach: The regional section of human anatomy is according to all the natural and main subdivisions of the body. In the regional arrangement, the body is divided into different regions. This is an approach, in which the study about the body parts is done on the basis of their regions. This includes the head and neck part of the body, the thorax and the upper limb which includes the arm, forearm, wrist etc. Besides this, all the other remaining structures are also examined within the regional arrangement.
- Microscopic Anatomy or Histology: In the microscopic anatomy, the use of the microscope is required for studying the tissues of a human body. It also studies the various organs of a human body. This is basically done to examine all the internal working of the body, which cannot be seen and studied by the naked eyes. Thus the examining of fine structures or ultrastructure helps to understand the tissues and the organs of the body in a better and much easier way.
- Physiology: It is clear from the name physiology that the whole study is related to the physical features of a body. In the Physiology, it is examined that how the body is working. How the different part of the body is working or functioning.
- Living Anatomy: In the living anatomy, the study and examination of living human beings are done. So there is no involvement of dead bodies in the living anatomy. Hence, the dissection method cannot be applied here. The techniques, which are used to understand and study the living anatomy include palpitation, percussion, auscultation etc.
- Developmental Anatomy or Embryology: Embryology is also known as the Developmental Anatomy. The embryology is concerned with the study and examining of the development of an embryo. The study involves the development process of an embryo, as a single cell to a complete human being. The Embryology also provides details about the prenatal and postnatal changes and development in the body. The human body changes as long as it is developing. The study of each developmental phase and the changes which occur before and after the development of the human body is studied completely. The mechanism, by which these changes occurred, is also studied.
- Surface or Radiographic Anatomy: As the name indicates the purpose very well, the surface anatomy is the study of the surface of the human body structures. This is also known as the radiographic anatomy. The surface anatomy determines the relation between the surface of the human body and the internal structures of the human body. With the help of the surface anatomy, a medical professional is able to locate the positions of the internal organs by touching the surface of the body. This anatomy has a very significant role in the surgical operations. The radiographic anatomy is also defined as a sub-branch of the gross anatomy. But it has some different advantages and importance, due to which it is considered as a different part of human anatomy.
- Clinical Anatomy: The clinical anatomy is a very important application of the anatomical knowledge for the clinical practice. This branch of anatomy is very important and it is more of a practical aspect of human anatomy. This branch has supreme importance and it is very eminent for medical professionals.
- Basic Anatomy: Apart from all the main subdivisions of human anatomy, which are discussed and described above, there also exists a branch, which is known as Basic Anatomy. Basic anatomy is considered as one of the most significant branches of human anatomy. In this branch, the proper explanation of the basic terms, as well as definitions, is accomplished. These terms and definitions are also used in the examination and study of gross anatomy as well as in the study of histology or microscopic anatomy. So, it actually works as a code, by which students can understand the basic terminology and the basic theme of anatomy. It also provides the introduction to anatomy and provides the concepts of anatomy. For example, if someone is studying the general features as well as the special features of an arm bone, the primary thing a person needs to know is what actually is a bone and the distinct characteristics of a bone. Basic anatomy covers such parts of the study to understand the importance of the body parts. Hence for the illustration of the basic components of a human body, the basic anatomy plays a very crucial role.
The human anatomy has a number of different terminologies which is in a form of collection. There are many terms of human anatomy, which are taken from the Greek and the Latin languages. These terms are used for various purposes. Each term has its very special and specific meaning. Hence, it is very vital to know and understand the basic terms of human anatomy. These anatomical terminologies are used repeatedly throughout the whole course and learning of anatomy. Here are the discussion and explanation of the terms with their meanings.
- Anatomical Position: In the anatomical position, the body is straight and it is in the standing position. In this position, the eyes are also looking towards the straight direction. In this position, the palms are hanging by the sides near to the body, facing forwards. The legs are fully extended and the feet also point forwards. The anatomical position is very significant, as the relation of all the structures is described properly.
- Supine Position: In the supine position, the body is lying down on the support of the back, which means that the face is pointing upwards. The hands are also close to the body. The eyes are pointing straight upwards. So all of the remaining positions are like the anatomical position, except that the body is on the horizontal plane instead of being in a vertical plane.
- Prone Position: This position is the invert of the supine position. In the prone position, the back of the body is directed upwards. The body remains in the horizontal plane but the face is directed downwards.
- Lithotomy Position: In the lithotomy position, the body is lying in the supine position, but the hips and knees are fully extended. In this position, the feet are strapped. This supports the flexed knees and the hips.
- Median or Mid-Sagittal plane: This is the plane which divides the body into halves. One of the equal right half and one of the equal left half.
- Sagittal plane: Any plane which is parallel to the median plane is called the Sagittal plane. This plane is responsible for dividing the body into unequal right and left halves.
- Frontal Plane: The frontal plane is also known as the coronal plane. This is the vertical plane, at a right angle to the median plane. If a line is drawn from one ear to another from above the head and then if the whole body is divided along this line, then the frontal plane is formed.
- Transverse Plane: A transverse plane is a horizontal plane of the body. This plane is perpendicular to both the frontal and the median plane.
- Oblique Plane: If there are any changes seen in any plane and that is not similar to any of the planes described above, then it will be the oblique plane.
- Anterior: This means towards the front
- Posterior: This means towards the back.
- Superior: This means towards the head.
- Inferior: This means towards the feet.
- Median: The median means towards the median plane or near the middle of the body.
- Lateral: The lateral means away from the median plane, which means it will be away from the middle of the body.
- Proximal: This means near the trunk.
- Distal: This means away from the trunk.
- Paraxial Border: The preaxial border denotes the outer border in the upper limb and the inner border in the lower limb.
- Postaxial Border: The postaxial border denotes the outer border in the upper limb and the inner border in the lower limb.
- Flexor Surface: The flexor surface means the posterior surface of the lower limb and the anterior surface of the upper limb.
- Extensor Surface:
This means the posterior surface of the upper limb and the anterior surface of the lower limb.
- Origin: The relatively fixed end of a muscle during the natural movements of the muscle. This fixed end is called the origin, which helps in the proper movement of the muscles.
- Insertion: The relatively mobile end of the muscle during natural movements of the muscle. This helps in correct movement.
- Belly: The fat fleshy part of the muscle which is contractile in function.
- Tendon: This part of the muscle is fibrous and non-contractile. This part attaches muscle to the bone.
- Aponeurosis: This is a flattened tendon, which arises from the connective tissues around the muscle.
- Flexion: This is a movement with the help of which the angle of a joint is decreased.
- Extension: This is a movement with the help of which the angle of a joint is increased.
- Adduction: This is the movement towards the central axis.
- Abduction: This is the movement, which is away from the central axis.
- Medial Rotation: This is the rotation towards the medial side of the body or near the middle of the body.
- Lateral Rotation: This is the rotation towards the lateral side of the body.
- Pronation: This is the movement, which occurs in the forearm whereby the palm is turned backward.
- Supination: This is the movement, which also occurs in the forearm whereby the palm is turned forwards.
5. Human Anatomy Classification
The human anatomy is classified by dividing into seven major groups. Each group includes the description, working, functionalities of some organs that come under each group. These 7 major groups are:
- The Head and the Neck.
- The Upper Limb.
- Thorax.
- Abdomen.
- Pelvis.
- Lower Limb.
- The Back.
6. The Head and the Neck
In this part, the skull is examined. This group includes the examination of all the distinct parts and organs which are included in the skull. It starts with the brain, ear, eyes and ends with the mouth, nose, pharynx and larynx. The head and the neck of the body are the most prominent and important parts of the body. In the head and neck, there are a number of important structures. This part covers the subject matter of various specialties and the most complex studies such as neurosurgery, neurology, and neuroradiology, which involves the study of the brain, the nerves and the skull. Apart from this, this section also includes ophthalmology, which is related to the eye. In this section, all the functioning of eyes, the smaller details of it, as well as the various distinct parts and organs of eyes are covered. After this, the otology is another specialty, where the study of the ear is performed. The ear has a lot of functioning, so the functionalities of an ear and its working are examined. Next is the rhinolaryngology. It is the study of the nose and the throat. In this, it is determined that how nose and throat are connected with each other. What are the different functionalities of these two organs and how they are related to each other? The last section of this group is the teeth and the jaws, which is covered by the dentistry and oral surgery. The working and functioning of teeth, how the teeth are connected with the jaw is also determined. The extended and advanced form of this is maxillofacial surgery. All these divisions and their specialties are performed to find out the solutions for various diseases rated to these organs. In human anatomy, a detailed study is performed about the various and distinct organs included into the skull. The classification, study of functionalities and the relation of the organs with each other is also examined.
- Skull: The cranium or the skull is an important part of the human body. It protects the brain and the other organs inside the head, which have special sensations. The passage of air is done with the help of the skull. It also supports the passage of food and supports the teeth. A skull has a lot of bones which are united for the movement such as facial expressions etc. The most top part of the skull is known as calvaria.
- The Nervous System: The nervous system embodies the central nervous system of the body. It consists of the brain and the peripheral nervous system and peripheral nerves. It is composed of uncountable nerves and glial cells, which comprises with the blood vessels and a tiny connective tissue. The nerve cells are also called neurons. The neurons are responsible for the receiving and transmitting signals from the brain to the other body parts.
- The Brain: The brain is the most important organ of a human body. The primary divisions of the brain (encephalon) are the forebrain also known as prosencephalon, the midbrain also known as mesencephalon and the hindbrain which is also known as rhombencephalon. The hindbrain has also two subdivisions, which is known as metencephalon that is the after brain and the myelencephalon that is the narrow brain.
- Ear: The ear is totally concerned with the equilibration and the hearing. Every ear has three main parts. These are the external ear, middle ear, and internal ear. The external ear mainly conducts with the sounds, as it helps in hearing. It also protects the inner and deeper parts of the ear. The middle ear is responsible for the airspace in the temporal bone. The internal ear is located within the petrous part of the temporal bone. The internal ear consists of the compound and complicated fluid-filled spaces. The cochlea of the ear is the main and most significant organ of hearing.
- The Orbit: The orbits are basically two cavities. These are bony and occupied by the eyes. The orbits are also associated with muscles, nerves, fat, blood vessels etc.
- The Eye: The eye is a very important feature of the skull. It lies in the cavity of the orbit. It has two pupil ls inside it. The eyes comprise of the lens and retina. Eyes are responsible for the sight and colors a person can see.
- Retina: The retina of an eye includes special recipients, with the help of which, an inverted image can be seen, if the retina is projected to that image. The retina of each eye is connected with the visual areas of the forebrain of both sides.
- The Nose: The nose is another significant organ of the body. It includes the external part of the nose as well as the nasal cavity. The main functioning of the nose is to smell and provide filtered clean air.
- Mouth: The mouth consists of tongue and lips. Mouth is also used for respiration as well as for artificial respiration. The mouth does not supply clean and filtered air. Inside the mouth, the teeth and jaws reside.
- Tongue: The tongue is located at the base of the mouth. It is one of the strongest muscles of the human body. The tongue is also attached to the pharynx. The primary function of a tongue is to taste, swallow and speech. Without the help of tongue, humans cannot speak of taste.
- Lips and Cheeks: The lips are connected with the gums from the inside. Lips consist of two parts; upper lips and lower lips. Lips help in talking properly. The cheeks resemble the muscular structure of the lips. They contract and relax when a person speaks or give any expressions like laugh, smile, cry etc.
- Teeth: Teeth are very important organ of the human body. It helps is chewing food and speech. Every tooth is composed of connective tissues. The jaws are the base on which each tooth is attached. A root canal is also an important aspect of teeth.
- Scalp: The scalp consists of five layers. The first layer is skin, which generally has hair. The second layer consists of subcutaneous tissue, which usually consists of nerves and vessels. Since blood vessels are present ere, when the scalp gapes is cut, it bleeds. The third layer consists of a fibrous helmet between the occipitalis and frontalis muscles. This helps in the movement of the scalp and helps in elevate eyebrows. The fourth muscle contains the emissary veins, which allows the free movement of all the layers explained above. The fifth layer is the outside layer of the skull.
- Pharynx and Larynx: The pharynx is the digestive system part, which is located towards the back of the nasal and the oral cavities. This part is distributed into nasal and oral parts. The larynx is the name of the organ that connects the lower part of the pharynx organ, with the trachea. It helps in the air passage, during swallowing food. It is also very vital for the vocalization so that the sound of speech can come out.
7. The Upper Limb
The upper limb comprises of the four major parts. These are a girdle, the arm, the forearm and the hand. The upper limb is responsible for the functioning of the hands, shoulder and axilla, forearm, arm and elbow etc. This has made every organ very movable. Many supporting muscles, supports and stabilize the upper limbs.
- Shoulder and Axilla: The shoulder is an organ with which every other organ of the upper limb is connected. The shoulder helps in the movement of the whole hand. The deltoid is responsible for the roundness of shoulder. The gap between the arm and the chest wall is known as axilla.
- Arm and Elbow: The arm is connected to the shoulder. It helps in the free movement of the hand. There are some muscles in the anterior of the arm. These muscles are called biceps. In the posterior of the arm, there are muscles called triceps. The elbow is the joint part of the upper limb. It joins the arm with the rest of the hand.
- The Forearm: The forearm is the region of upper limb, which is located between the elbow and the wrist. Basically, the forearm is divided into two compartments which are ventromedial and the dorsolateral. The muscles of the forearm are separated into these compartments. They consist of two groups. Anterior group and the posterior group. The anterior group consists of the flexors of the wrist and the fingers and pronators whereas the posterior group consists of the extensors of the wrist and the fingers and the supinators.
- Hand: The hand is a vital organ of the human body. It includes the forearm and the wrist along with the fingers. Without the help of the hand, it is very difficult for a human to perform daily routine works without any problems.
8. The Thorax
The thorax is the part below the neck. It consists of mainly the heart and the lungs. It also consists of some important structures within the skeleton-like framework of the body. The thorax also provides protection to some of the abdominal organs. The skeleton also consists of ribs or the cage.
- Lungs: One of the essential organs of the human body is lungs. The lungs are very important for the breathing and respiration process. The lungs are attached to the heart. The structure of lungs is light. They are soft, spongy and have elasticity. They have the capacity to float in water as they contain air.
- Heart: The heart is located on the left side of the thorax. The main function of the heart is to pump blood. The heart and lungs are interconnected with each other. The lungs fill up with air and with the help of which, the heart can easily pump blood.
9. The Abdomen
The abdomen consists of many organs. These organs are mainly the digestive system organs. It consists of the stomach, liver, intestine, pancreas, liver etc.
- Stomach: The stomach is comprised mainly of cardia, fundus, body and pyloric part. The adjacent portion of the stomach is known as cardia, whereas the part of the stomach which is above the cardiac opening level is called fundus. The cardia usually contains the air which is swallowed.
- Small Intestine: The major functioning of the digestion of food occurs in the small intestine. The small intestine is an organ which is very necessary, without it, digestion is not possible. Its structure includes circular folds.
- Liver: The liver is another important part which plays a major role in the digestion process. The liver is a large and soft organ. The organ looks reddish and it is the largest gland in the body. The liver is covered by the diaphragm. The size of the liver is large at the birth of a human.
- Pancreas: The pancreas is the endocrine glands. The pancreas has a head, neck, body and a tail. The pancreas is located to the posterior to the stomach and the anterior to the inferior vena cava and the left kidney.
- Kidney
The kidneys do not have to do anything with the food digestion. It belongs to the urinary system. It plays an important role in maintaining the ionic balance of the blood. It is necessary for excretion of waste products in the form of urine.
10. The Pelvis
The pelvis is of two types. One is the lesser or true pelvis and the other is the greater or false pelvis. The lesser pelvis is away from the abdomen. The part of the abdominal cavity, which is located between the iliac fossae, is called the greater pelvis. The abdomen consists of many organs. These organs
- Urinary Bladder: The urinary bladder varies in the shape, size, and position. It is dependent on the amount of urine contained in the bladder. The empty bladder is normal in shape and as the amount of urine is stored in the size and shape changes.
- Male Genitalia: The organs of male genital consist of testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis and many glands. This gland helps in the urination of males as well as the penis is a reproductive organ.
- Female Genitalia: The female genital organs consist of ovaries, uterus, vagina and external genitalia. The vagina is the reproductive organ of females
- Anal Canal: The anal canal is extended towards the anus. It is extended from the level of upper aspect of the pelvic diaphragm. It is basically an organ for the excretion.
11. The Lower Limb
The lower limb of a human body consists of four major parts. These parts play a vital role in the movement. These parts are hip bones, thighs, the leg and the foot. The lower limb provides support to the upper limb.
- Thigh: The thigh is among the strongest muscles of the body. It is encased by the superficial and deep fascia.
- Hip Joint: The hip joint is an articulation like a ball and socket, which lies between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur.
- Leg: The anterior and the posterior intramuscular septa are formed, from the inwards extensions of the fascia of the leg. The leg has three compartments, which are the anterior, lateral and the posterior compartments. It helps in the movement and walking, running etc.
- Foot: The foot is very functioning and it supports in the locomotion. The foot consists of toes which are five in number. The joint between the leg and the foot is called the ankle.
- Ankle Joint: The ankle joint is the joining between the leg and the foot. It helps in the movement of the foot.
12. The Back
The back of the body is used to define the whole posterior part of the trunk. The back includes the skin, muscles, spinal cord and multiple nerves and vessels. The vertebral column of the back extends from the base of the skull to the tip of the coccyx. This also helps in protecting the spinal cord, pelvis and the lower limbs.
- Spinal Cord: The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical nervous tissue. It may have an oval or round shape in the transverse section. The spinal cord includes neurons and these neurons include the somatic motor cells, autonomic motor cells, transmission neurons, and interneurons. The spinal cord carries out the sensory and motor functions. The spinal cord is directly connected to the brain. Even a small but critical injury to the brain or the spinal cord will leave a person, never be able to walk again.
13. Conclusion
The human anatomy is one of the most important parts of the science. With the help of anatomy, the human body can be understood properly. The basic, which are described and discussed here are very important for understanding the whole concept of the human anatomy. Since the human anatomy is very old and it was very vast, it has changed a lot from the starting and it is still changing. With the help of human anatomy, students can understand every small aspect of anything related to the human body. The human anatomy has various groups or subdivisions, with the help of which, it was classified. These subdivisions of the human anatomy are very crucial and have a lot of significance in the field of medicine and among the medical professionals. The study of various parts of the body, which are grouped, has made the learning a little systematic. Each group has certain organs, which functions and carry out some work. From a small nerve to the largest organ of the human body, everything is described in brief to clear the basic concepts of the students. Anatomy also helps in understanding the various distinct types of diseases in a human being. Each disease is related to any particular organ of the body. Human anatomy helps in finding the reasons behind the disease, their cure and everything related.


text: Science, Tech, Math › Math Using Games to Memorize the Timestables Multiplication Games With Dice, Cards, and More Share Flipboard Email Print Dice games can be a terrific way to practice multiplication facts. Suleyman Orcun Guler / EyeEm, Getty Images Math Arithmetic Basics Tutorials & Courses Geometry Pre Algebra & Algebra Statistics Exponential Decay Functions Worksheets by Grade Math Formulas & Math Tables Resources View More by Deb Russell Deb Russell is a school principal who has taught mathematics at all levels. She is also a freelance writer with more than 14 years of experience. Updated March 17, 2017 Learning times tables or multiplication facts is more effective when you make the learning process fun. There are a variety of games that require very little effort to play with children that will help them learn the multiplication facts and commit them to memory. Here are a few games you can use to assist committing the multiplication facts (times table facts) to memory. Multiplication Snap Card Game1.) Start with an ordinary deck of playing cards. Remove the face cards from the deck, shuffle the remaining cards and distribute the cards between two players.2.) Each player keeps their pile of cards face down. Together, each player turns over a card.3.) The first player to multiply the two numbers together and state the answer is the winner and takes the cards.4.) The player with the most cards in a specific amount of time is the winner OR when one player has all the cards.This game should only be played when learners almost know their facts. Random facts are only helpful if a child has already mastered the 2's, 5's, 10's, and squares (2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 5x5...). If not, it is important to modify the game of Multiplication Snap. To do this, concentrate on a single fact family or squares. In this case, one child turns over a card and it is always multiplied by 4 or which ever fact is currently being worked on. For working on the squares, each time a card is turned over, the child that multiplies it by the same number wins. When playing the modified version, the child takes turn turning over a card as only one card is needed. For instance, if a 4 is turned over, the first child to say 16 wins, if a 5 is turned over, the first child to say 25 wins. Paper Plate Multiplication FactsTake 10 or 12 paper plates and print one number on each paper plate. Give each child a set of paper plates. Each child takes a turn holding up 2 plates, if the partner responds with the correct answer within 5 seconds, a point is given. Then it's that child's turn to hold up 2 plates and the opposite child's chance to answer within a specific time frame. Consider using smarties or a small candy for this game as it provides some incentive. A point system can also be use, the first person to 25 or 15 etc. Roll the Dice GameUsing dice (number cubes) to commit the multiplication facts to memory uses a similar approach as multiplication snap and paper plate times tables uses. Players take turns rolling the two dice and the first one to multiply the dice by the specific number gains a point. Establish the number that the dice will be multiplied by. For instance, if working on the 9 times table, the dice are rolled and each time the dice are rolled, the number is multiplied by 9. Or if children are working on squares, each time the dice are rolled the number rolled is multiplied by itself. A variation of this game is for one child to roll the dice after the other child specifies the number used to multiply the roll of the dice. This gives each child an active part. Two Hands Multiplication Game This is another two player game than requires nothing but a method to keep points/score. It is a bit like rock-paper-scissors as each child says "three, two, one" and they hold up one or both hands to represent a number. The first child to multiply the two numbers together and say it out loud gets a point. The first child to 20 (or any number agreed upon) wins the game. This particular game is also a great car math game. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Continue Reading


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Eminem Also known as Marshall Bruce Mathers III was born on October 17, 1972, is an American singer, rapper, music recorder as well as actor. Eminem is known as the God of Rapp and is considered as the world's best American rapper.
As a child Eminem lived in the county seat of Buchanan County, Missouri, United States. He was the only child of Marshall Bruce Mathers and Deborah Rae Nelson.
As a child Eminem was always interested in singing and story telling, his rapping skills were admired and appreciated a lot by his family members but no body knew that he'll become the legend of rapping some day.
As Eminem grew, he joined many rapping groups. His very first one was the New Jack. As years passed, Eminem's talent became popular among people and just after a few years of his journey he became the rapping idol. Eminem was a born artist, his passion and will for becoming the best can be easily seen. After years of struggle and ups & down, he was finally able to reach his spot. Between the stars like a moon, stands Eminem, bright and confident.
As Eminem's fame and name grew, rumors also started spreading about his affairs, jobs etc. but the one that spread like a fire was about him going under the knife. Many critics and Hollywood stars claimed that Eminem now looks changed to them.
Many news channels showed Eminem coming out of surgeon's clinic, hiding his face but the real story is still untold to us. In an interview Eminem was asked about the spreading rumors but he dint cared to answer anything about that.
When our team of surgeons compared Eminem's before and after pictures, we were able to get answers of some of the mysteries.From his previous picture, Eminem has a more slender nose now, which directs us towards a nose job. Eminem has a very ugly bumpy nose but now we can see it has been replaced by a slender and sharper nose. His bumpy nose made me look like a nerd but with the new nose it looks like Eminem has been able to drop a few numbers from her current age. The best thing about good looks is that it boosts a person's confidence and inner strength.
Even in her 40's Eminem looks as if he is in his 30's, his skin shows no signs of ageing. There are no wrinkles or spots on his face, which partly directs towards good makeup and partly towards Botox injections but the reality is still hidden by our Rap God. Apart from his nose and skin, Eminem's jaw line as well has forehead looks a little altered. His jaw lines looks a lot sharp, which clearly indicate us towards face-lift. Eminem's cheeks look a lot fuller than before but it is hard to say whether it is a work of his makeup artist or plastic surgeon.
The God Of Rap Did went under the knife; whole story REVEALED !!