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Authorized individuals can create district assessments, using Unit Assessment Items and Formative Spiral Items from the integrated TEKS Resource System item bank.
Required Role: District Content Creator
Site Access: System Management > District Content > District Assessment Template
From the System Management page, click the District Content option and then select District Assessment Template from sub-menu.
From the Manage District Assessment Templates page, click the Create New Assessment button to begin creating your assessment.
Dynamic Version using TEKS Resource System Item Bank
Note: This version ignores use of the Upload, Footer Date, and TEKS sections.
Enter a Title for the assessment, choose Assessment Creator from the Template drop down, and click Continue.
The Managing Assessment page opens to reveal 4 expandable/collapsible sections: Assessment Information, Instructions, Assessment Items, and Additional Questions.
The Assessment Information and Assessment Items sections are expanded by default, as these are the key areas to populate. The Instructions and Additional Questions are optional sections.
Select the Grade and Subject for your assessment. Select a multiple choice Lettering Option for the assessment - ABCD/FGHJ is selected by default, but can be changed to ABCD.
If the High School grade level is chosen, the Course selector will appear. If the Course currently has different curriculum versions, the Version selector will appear (i.e. HS Social Studies World Geography Conceptual and Regional versions).
If you would like to add Student and Teacher Instructions to your assessment, click the + to the left of the Instructions section to expand and enter instructions. Click Save.
Note: If you do not wish to see instructions on the assessment, leave these fields blank and they will be hidden from the dynamic view and the print version of the assessment.
Next, select the Font Size for your assessment, using the drop-down selector in the floating toolbar at the top of the page.
Note: if you are unsure of the font size recommended for each grade level, click the ? icon next to the font selector. This will display the STAAR recommended font sizes.
Click the Add Question button to reveal the Search Assessments tool to select items for your assessment.
Once the Font Size and Questions have been selected, click Save.
To learn more about Selecting Items for your assessment, click here.
The next step is to publish the assessment for district use. Click here to learn about publishing your district assessments.
You can download a PDF version of this page by clicking the link below:


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|Uskoro na stanju
|Šifra Proizvoda:
|Prikazana cena je za par.
TASCAM's new VL-S3 and VL-S3BT bring great-sounding compact studio monitoring to the price of a set of headphones. The 2-way powered monitors include a 3" woofer, and rear ported design packs a surprising punch. A pair of RCA inputs accept any line-level input, and a stereo 1/4" to RCA cable is included. Also available is a 1/8" stereo mini jack for playing from smartphones or MP3 players. The efficient 14W per side stereo power amplifier drives the two monitors. The compact, ported cabinets fit almost anywhere. Ideal for home studios, dorm rooms, or video editing suites, the VL-S3 is an affordable solution for great-sounding mixes. The VL-S3BT builds a great-sounding Bluetooth receiver directly into the speakers, for wireless playback from smartphones, tablets, and other devices.
* Ukoliko pronađete povoljniju ponudu za ovaj artikal, dobićete ga od nas jeftinije za 10% od razlike u ceni!
Transmission protocols, called profiles, are standardized for the purpose of wireless transmission via Bluetooth®. VL-S3BT uses the profile A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile), and can wirelessly play back from devices compatible with A2DP.
Furthermore, the sound is compressed for wireless transmission. This compression method is called "codec." Confirm which codec your device is compatible with on the webpage describing your device.
SBC (Sub Band Codec): This is the standard codec which all A2DP-compatible equipment support. It is higher in definition than a headset mic, for example, but is inferior to the codecs described below. Also, latency occurs at the time of compression, so a time lag may be felt when listening to a video or the like.
AAC (Advanced Audio Codec):This is the codec used mainly in iPhones and other iOS devices. The time lag is negligible. The compression rate is on par with SBC, but has superior definition.
aptX®: The compression rate is low, allowing for playback in high definition - closer to the original sound. The time lag is also negligible.
|Features at a glance
Functions common to both the VL-S3 and VL-S3BT
Unique features for the VL-S3BT

subset: commoncrawl


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The Mura Lab employs both experimental and computational approaches to understand the structure, function/dynamics, and evolution of RNA– and DNA–based protein assemblies. In particular, we seek a deeper understanding of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assemblies built upon a scaffold of 'Sm' proteins — What these protein/RNA complexes look like at atomic resolution (structure), their assembly pathways and dynamical behavior (function), and the interrelationships between Sm and Sm-like systems (evolution).
Sm proteins were discovered as the antigens in the autoimmune disease lupus, and are now known to form a broad, evolutionarily-conserved family that plays pivotal roles in most aspects of RNA metabolism (including mRNA splicing), as well as in bacterial cell···cell communication networks ("quorum sensing"). Sm-based complexes such as the 'spliceosome' exceed the ribosome in terms of both size and architectural complexity, thereby providing an immensely rich area for ongoing studies. Current work focuses on Sm systems drawn from both a well-established context (splicing) and a more recently emerging area (quorum sensing) that is of major biomedical significance because of its involvement in biofilm-mediated bacterial pathogenesis. The research program being developed to pursue this work is necessarily highly interdisciplinary, relying particularly heavily on methodologies from structural biology (e.g., crystallography), bioinformatics (e.g., statistical and phylogenetic methods for protein family analysis), and computational biochemistry (e.g., molecular dynamics simulations), in addition to traditional wet-lab biochemistry.
A more graphical summary of our chief interests and approaches:


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Really Affordable
Stockings are very affordable when it comes right down to it. Most girls is not going to have some problem buying several pairs and running out to the shop. The affordability definitely helps you to make stockings among the most popular fashion accessories of the entire year.
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East Preston inflicted a first league defeat of the season on Saltdean on Saturday with a 1-0 win at the Lashmar.
Dan Huet got the only goal of the game a minute before half-time in front of a crowd of 222.
The win moved EP up to tenth in the SCFL Premier Division table.
Click on the video above to view Stephen Goodger's pictures from the match.
Sussex cricketers thrill big crowd in Chichester
Eddie The Eagle will help crown Sussex sporting heroes
Manchester City v Brighton player ratings


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This meet-up was about getting some much needed relaxation before the festivities started! I generally find Christmas quite a stressful time as life becomes so much busier. I therefore thought some kindness to our bodies and minds was needed :).
My yoga teacher Nam Lowen very kindly did a 'restorative yoga' session for the happiness project, which was amazing! We learned some restorative yoga poses and how to breathe deeper and how to be more mindful. I know everyone that attended said they felt so much better afterwards! Please look at Nam's website for more info – http://namasyoga.com/chelmsofrdhappinessproject/
Inner Space in Chelmsford let us use their meditation room for free, which was the perfect space for this meet-up. Please check out their website – they do meditation workshops, lectures and more! I love finding other great projects that are running in Chelmsford x
HAPPY Christmas Happiness Explorers ❤


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MP govt to open Nirbhaya centres to help women victims, says minister
Madhya Pradesh government will open Nirbhaya centres in six districts to extend all kinds of help to victims of rape, harassment and dowry, said women and child development department Maya Singh.bhopal Updated: Dec 18, 2014 16:49 IST
Hindustan Times
The state government will open Nirbhaya centres in six districts to extend all kinds of help to victims of rape, harassment and dowry, said women and child development department Maya Singh on Wednesday.
Releasing the performance report of her department, minister Maya Singh praised Ladli Laxmi Yojna and said the state government's Ladli Laxmi Yojna has been simplified so that maximum people could get the benefit of the scheme.
When asked about the Comptroller Auditor General (CAG) report that stated that Ladli Laxmi fund had been released in the name of dead girls, Singh denied that any such thing happened. The minister said the department had received four awards to empower women in the past one year.
"With centres, the department has constituted Shaurya Dal in 20 districts to strengthen women and girls to curb crimes against women. The department has also imparted training to 75,000 persons to create awareness among women about laws related to women," she added.
Replying to a question on gender ratio, the minister said they had implemented special action plan in 10 districts, including Morena, Gwalior, Bhind, Datia, Rewa, Tikamgarh, Sheopur, Shivpuri and Indore to improve gender ratio and reduce female foeticide.
To fight against malnutrition among children, the central government had sanctioned 4,905 new anganwadi centres to the state. Nari Chetna Sangh of Dindori district, who had been awarded with Skoch Award and Sitaram Foundation's Livelihoods Award, had also come to the conference.
Rekha of Baiga community said, "Earlier, it was tough for us to earn livelihood. But after Kodu-Kutki programme, we are earning net profit of Rs 39 lakh."
First Published: Dec 18, 2014 15:38 IST


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Ever wondered what a 3D printed instrument might sound like? On November 4th, the Ottawa Symphony, conducted by Alain Trudel, will present the 3D StringTheory Experience – a concert featuring 3D printed string instruments in the world premiere of Singularity by Harry Stafylakis. The event will take place in Ottawa City Hall. To date, no 3D printed ensemble has ever been featured with orchestra.
In the spirit of the 3D StringTheory project, which marries technology and tradition, artistry and craftsmanship, the musical programme will be presented in a non-traditional format.
The first part of the event will feature chamber ensembles spread throughout the main corridor of City Hall, where the audience will walk from location to location to hear each ensemble play selections of Bach's Art of the Fugue. This experience of traditional music in an innovative format will be open to all for free or on a "pay-what-you-can" basis.
The second half of the concert will take place in Jean Pigott Hall where there is a ticketed seating area and free/PWYC standing room. The music in this half of the event spans the range of traditional to contemporary beginning with the first piece, J. F. Rebel's "Les Élémens", written in 1737. On the other end of the spectrum is the world premiere of Singularity, by Canadian composer Harry Stafylakis which is as new as music can get having been finished only months ago! Singularity, commissioned by the Ottawa Symphony, features an all-woman ensemble on 3D printed instruments accompanied by orchestra.
The instruments played by the soloists were created through a closely-knit collaboration, facilitated by the Ottawa Symphony, and involved Ottawa-based violin maker Charline Dequincey, Creadditive designer Laurent Lacombe, and 3D printing partners at the Industrial Technology Centre in Winnipeg. Invited guests from this team will speak with Trudel between pieces, offering the audience a unique insight into the creation of the instruments and the music written for them.
The octet of soloists includes women who regularly play with the Ottawa Symphony, each with their own story. One of these soloists is Regina, Saskatchewan born, Ottawa based violinist Jessie Ramsay. Jessie first became a part of the OSO as a student mentee when she auditioned in her undergrad to join the violin section of the OSO-uO mentorship program, and she has maintained her position since 2014. Jessie recently completed a Masters in Violin Performance at the University of Ottawa (2018), studying under Yehonatan Berick and Ashley Vandiver. As a founding member of the H.S. String Quartet, Jessie also had the incredible opportunity to perform for members of the Berlin Philharmonic.
According to Jessie, playing music was "a family affair. My parents are both pianists, and all my siblings growing up had to choose an instrument, so music was always a part of the fabric of my life. My Grandma was a huge advocate of me pursuing music, and always reminded me of its importance to me and to the world. Through her support, I have realized how much music can affect me, and how much it can help bring people together, and above all, how happy it could make her.""
In addition to her classical playing, Jessie has also done sessional work for rock and indie music groups at local recording studios and performs with various ensembles around Ottawa. As a musician who enjoys a challenge, Jessie was a perfect fit for the 3D StringTheory project.
If you are interested in attending Ottawa Symphony's 3D StringTheory Experience, you can purchase tickets on the OSO's website: www.ottawasymphony.com. Those who cannot make it in person can experience the event from home through the livestream of the performance via the OSO website beginning at 12:15pm on November 4th.
This is one of the 200 exceptional projects funded through the Canada Council for the Arts' New Chapter program. With this $35M investment, the Council supports the creation and sharing of the arts in communities across Canada.


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Some structural design issues of the 14-storey timber framed building "Treet" in Norway
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"Treet" is a 14-storey timber apartment building in Norway currently under construction. Ground works started in April 2014, and the residents can move in autumn of 2015. The building will be one of the tallest timber buildings in the world. The building consists of load-carrying glulam trusses and two intermediate strengthened levels. Prefabricated building modules are stacked on top of the concrete garage and on top of the strengthened levels. There is CLT in the elevator shaft, internal walls and balconies. But, CLT is not a part of the main load bearing system. Glass and metal sheeting protect the structural timber from rain and sun. The paper presents the design of the building as well as many of the investigations, considerations and discussions which took place during the design process. Finally some of the design verifications are presented.
KeywordsTimber Mode Shape Frequency Response Function Concrete Slab Wind Load
1 Introduction
The building has a net area of 5830 m2. The basement, which holds parking facilities, technical rooms and storage rooms, has a net area of 920 m2. There is a gym on the 9th floor and a roof terrace at disposal for the residents.
The building site is in an urban and central area of Bergen. Bergen is the second largest city in Norway, and is located on the west coast of the country.
2 Design
2.1 Structural system and floor plans
The idea of the structural design concept may be explained by an analogy to a cabinet rack filled with drawers (Abrahamsen and Malo 2014). Here, the cabinet rack is formed by large glulam trusses, and the drawers consist of prefabricated residential modules. The glulam truss work has close resemblance to the design concepts used in modern timber bridge structures.
The glulam trusses along the façades give the building its necessary stiffness. The CLT elements are lightly supported by the load bearing structure, but the CLT structure have insignificant contribution to the global stiffness of the overall building. The CLT walls are hence almost independent of the main load bearing system, and do not show high stresses for horizontal loading.
Levels 1–4 rest on the deck of a concrete garage. Level 5 (on the 4th floor) is a strengthened glulam storey connected to the façade trusses, denoted "power storey". The special modules on level 5 are connected to the glulam structure and do not rest on the building modules below. The "power storey" carries a prefabricated concrete slab on top, which acts as a base for the next four levels of stacked modules (6–9), just like levels 1–4. This building method and assembly are visualised in Fig. 7 through Fig. 10.
The modules on levels 6–9 do not connect to the main load bearing structure at any other point than at their foundation, which is the concrete slab. Then the system repeats itself with an additional "power storey" (level 10) and modules on top of that again (levels 11–14). The roof is also a prefabricated and element-based concrete slab. The concrete slabs are incorporated to connect the trusses, but an additional main function is to increase the mass of the building and hence to improve the dynamic behaviour, for more see Bjertnæs and Malo (2014).
2.2 Structural detailing
The base of the building is a rectangle with length of baselines equal to 23 × 21 m. The height of the building is about 45 m, confer Fig. 3. The maximum vertical distance between the lowest and highest points of the timber components is about 49 m.
Typical column cross-sectional dimensions are 405 × 650 and 495 × 495 mm2, and typical diagonal cross-section is 405 × 405 mm.
The bedrock is about 5 m below the garage floor. More than 100 vertical and tilted steel core piles are driven into the bedrock acting as a foundation for the building. Some of the piles must also handle tension forces. When the building is exposed to wind loading, some of the diagonals and columns can get tensile forces. These forces are transferred to the ground by anchoring the glulam columns to the concrete foundation by the use of joints based on slotted-in steel plates and dowels as shown in Fig. 6.
The structure is given a robust design. In case of a failing member the building will not collapse, for example the load bearing structure for the corridor can also handle the additional load from an impact due to an overlying corridor falling down. The removal of a truss member will lead to other members taking more force, and this scenario was verified in the accidental limit state.
There is a theoretical clearance of 34 mm between building modules and glulam trusses. This is enough to ensure the necessary building tolerances, and to avoid that possible horizontal movement of modules and trusses develop interface forces. The modules are stacked into the interior of the building in an ordinary way, placing the body sills on prepared small concrete foundation walls. The modules are not fastened in any other way than by contact stresses due to the deadweight. The modules can only be loaded laterally during erection, and this load case was evaluated by introducing frictional forces at the foundation as well as in between the modules.
The external cladding and glazing of the building are attached to the load bearing trusses and to the balconies. The wind load will not affect the residential modules directly, except during the erection phase.
The structural timber is with few exceptions covered behind either glass or metal sheeting. This protects the timber from rain and sun, increases durability and reduces maintenance. Climate class 1 (service class 1) is used for members that are indoors, and climate class 2 is used for members that are on the cold side of the external walls.
2.3 Materials
All main load-bearing structures in "Treet" are wooden; glulam is used for the trusses, and cross-laminated timber (CLT) is used for the elevator shafts, staircases and internal walls. Timber framework is used in the building modules.
In the structural model, the properties stated for glulam strength classes GL30c and GL30 h according to EN 14080:2013 (CEN 14080 2013) are used. The CLT specifications have bending strength fmk = 24 MPa, and properties similar to C24 structural timber. The majority of the glulam is made out of untreated Norway spruce. Glulam that can be exposed to weathering is made of copper-treated lamellas from Nordic pine. Structural timber in the building modules and CLT is produced from Norway spruce.
The steel plates in the connections have steel grade S355 and are hot dip galvanized. The steel dowels are of type A4-80 (acid-proof stainless grade). The use of galvanized steel ensures that rust water will not discolour the timber during the assembly. The stainless dowels are smooth and strong, and easy to install.
2.4 Loading
The Eurocode set of standards (CEN 1990 2002, CEN 1991 2002) with national annexes for Norway were used to determine the design loads. The wind loading turned out to be the dominating load in the design combinations. The calculated maximum wind speed became V = 44.8 m/s (CEN 1991-1-4 2002), giving corresponding wind pressure of q = 1.26 kN/m2. The wind load was applied as a transient static load on all four sides of the building. In addition, wind load in the diagonal direction (45°, 135° etc.) was checked. Wind tunnel tests were not found to be necessary due to the regular geometry of the construction. The U-shaped plan might lead to some local wind effects on the façade, but has probably minimal influence on the wind loading of the global structure.
Bergen lies in one of Norway's earthquake zones, but the ground acceleration is small compared to many other countries: ag40Hz = 0.9 m/s2 and design acceleration a = 0.7 m/s2. According to Norwegian regulations, earthquake loads are not necessary to incorporate in the design when wind prevails, which is the case here. It was therefore not necessary to design the building for seismic loads.
Apartments: 2.0 kN/m2
Common areas: 3.0 kN/m2 corridors, stairs
Balconies: 4.0 kN/m2
Gym: 5.0 kN/m2
2.5 Structural fire design
The fire strategy report for this building states that the main load bearing system must resist 90 min of fire without collapse. This also applies to the prefabricated modules. Secondary load bearing systems, such as corridors and balconies, must resist 60 min of fire exposure. A collection of different fire protection measures are incorporated and among those are; fire stops on the facades for every second storey utilizing the horizontal glulam beams in the external trusses, fire painting with fire resistant lacquer type Teknosafe 2407 and Teknosafe 2467 of the wood in escape routes to avoid combustible surfaces, sprinkling for early suppression of fires, and elevated pressure in escape stair shafts for safe evacuation.
The structural fire design is performed according to Eurocode 5 (CEN 1995-1-2 2004, CEN 1995 2004). The so-called reduced cross-section method has been applied, which determines the effective residual cross-section after charring (CEN 1995-1-2 2 2004). A notional charring rate of 0.7 mm/min leads to a charring depth of 63 mm after 90 min. Consequently, in the connection design all steel dowel ends have a minimum distance of 65 mm from any exterior glulam surface normal grain. It is hence not likely that the dowels will contribute to increased heat flux towards the steel plates. Furthermore, the steel plates are placed at a minimum distance of 108 mm from the outer surface, see Fig. 6. Although one must add 7 mm to get the effective residual cross-section, the part of the cross-section where the connections are located will probably remain nearly fully effective after 90 min of fire. It should be noted that there is a lack of timber design guidelines for fire requirements exceeding 60 min in the current European codes (CEN 1995-1-2 2004). It was found based on the use of similar design methods as presented in SP (2010), that in general for the considered building, fire scenarios are not governing design cases. However, some structural members have got increased cross-sectional size due to the fire evaluation. Furthermore, all gaps between connected timber members as well as the slots for steel plates are protected with intumescent fire seals.
3 Assembly
The assembly of "Treet" is mostly about installation of prefabricated elements on site. Optimizing the logistics and installation procedures are important to get a smooth building process. The manufacturer of the modules, Kodumaja together with the glulam producer Moelven Limtre use a tower crane as well as a climbing scaffolding system during the building erection. Temporary roofs are used to protect apartments, joints and timber from moisture during the building process.
4 Glulam load carrying frame
This section deals with some of the design considerations and discussions which took place before the final design was worked out. It should be noted that these studies were performed on preliminary structural models different to the chosen final design. However, the basic ideas and structural concepts have not changed during the process; it has merely been an optimization process.
4.1 Tall timber buildings built with glulam trusses
"Treet" is a relatively high building with low structural weight and the building system has resemblance to similar buildings made by use of steel frames. A comparison to steel buildings is quite relevant since the ratio between Young's modulus and density is about 27 and 30 for steel and timber, respectively. Furthermore, the strength to density ratios are close to 0.045 and 0.070, for steel and timber respectively. Although the material strength to density ratio is more than 50 % higher for timber than for steel, the choice of cross-sections and connections may bring the ratio between the structural strength and mass quite close to that of steel. Consequently, for a glulam truss wooden building, the stiffness and mass will probably not be very different from a similar steel building.
A rule of thumb for steel buildings is that the lowest fundamental frequency can be estimated by 46/H, where H is the height of the building in meter (CEN 1991-1-4 2002). As the height above the parking garage for "Treet" is about 45 m, it is expected that the fundamental frequency is slightly above 1 Hz. Tall buildings having their fundamental frequency around 1 Hz are not in the most powerful part of the wind spectra, but still a significant exposure to wind loading might occur and serviceability aspects become important.
The fundamental frequencies and corresponding vibrational modes of a building are dependent on the stiffness and masses as well as on how mass and stiffness are distributed. Little experience exists on serviceability aspects of tall timber buildings. However, large glulam trusses have been used in numerous modern timber bridges and the experience with their structural properties has been good.
The glulam members are interconnected by use of several slotted-in steel plates and numerous dowels, see the drawing in Fig. 5. Not all aspects of the behaviour of large dowel joints are well documented. Most investigations have dealt with the strength properties, and recent work on this topic can be found in for example, Sjödin et al. (2006, 2008). For use in timber bridges cyclic loading investigations for determination of fatigue properties have been performed (Malo et al. 2006), and design rules on cyclic loading are given in CEN 1995-2 (2004). However, for serviceability assessment also the stiffness properties are required.
4.2 Stiffness of dowel connection with slotted-in steel plates
The load level in a serviceability state will be in the range between 20 and 40 % of the ultimate load and it may be observed form the response plots in Fig. 11 that the response is fairly linear in the range from 50 to 200 kN. Unloading–reloading cycles were performed in the range 40–180 kN and as it may be observed from the plots, the stiffness obtained in these load cycles is higher than that from the virgin loading curve. It is also worthwhile to note that the unloading of end A, the unbroken end, takes place with approximately the same stiffness as the unloading–reloading cycle although the ends clearly have been exposed to loading in the non-linear regime, close to failure.
An increase of secant stiffness during the first cycles for dowel connection has been reported in Reynolds et al. (2012) and for non-reversible loading in the serviceability state it is believed that the stiffness of the dowel connection will not decrease significantly during the life-time.
An evaluation of the initial secant stiffness from the initial phase and up to 50 % of ultimate load level of the tests shown in Fig. 11, gives \( K_{\sec } = 260 \times 10^{3} \) N/m. An evaluation of the stiffness based on the un-reloading cycles gives \( K_{cyc} = 780 \times 10^{3} \). For comparison, Eurocode 5 for glulam class GL30c gives in this case \( K_{\text{ser}} = 447 \times 10^{3} \) N/mm. It should be noted that an evaluation of the stiffness of connections for use in serviceability limit state is hampered by the lack of reliable data and the large variation.
The stiffness of the tested connections compared to the stiffness of the glulam member with the same length as the connection; \( k_{rel} = {{Kl_{connection} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{Kl_{connection} } {AE}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {AE}} \), varied in this case in the range 0.35 (\( K = K_{\sec } \)) to 1.0 (\( K = K_{cyc} \)), depending on how the stiffness is defined.
4.3 Sensitivity to stiffness of connections in the glulam frame
To evaluate how different parameters influence the global dynamic response, a parametric study has been performed (Utne 2012). In this study, the structural system was modelled in Abaqus numerical FEM code (Simulia 2012).
There will be very few connections in the vertical columns of the glulam frames and the effect of this is believed to be negligible. It is more likely that the flexibility of the joints connecting beams and diagonals to the columns in the external truss may influence the horizontal deformation of the structure, and also change the dynamic performance. Several approaches to model the connections were done to investigate how the axial and rotational stiffness change the performance of the model.
Initially, the load-carrying glulam frame was modelled with all nodes tied, i.e. all members in a joint were forced to have the same rotations. Next, all nodes were allowed to have separate rotations, i.e. the nodes were modelled as hinges. Insignificant differences in deflections and natural frequencies were obtained from the two extreme cases with respect to rotational stiffness of the joints. From this it was concluded that the structural response is very close to a pinned truss-work, and there is no need for evaluation of the rotational rigidity of the connections as long as the structural design does not introduce large eccentricities at the joints. The load carrying glulam frame may be well represented both with pinned or tied joints in the structural model.
The axial stiffness of the joints will have larger impact on the overall structural response since the glulam frame behaviour is close to a truss-work. The complete model of the case "Treet" was very complex with more than 200 joints, and to modify all the connections is therefore a cumbersome process. During the initial modelling process the numerical model was equipped with separate elements and material types at all locations close to joints. The length of these special elements was typically equal to the height of the physical structural members (400–500 mm). For example, a diagonal element connected to two joints had a special element and material type at both ends of the structural member. In this way the model was parameterized and various effects could be studied by a simple change of these special elements or the associated material type behaviour.
The effect of the axial stiffness of connections was studied by reducing cross-sectional area of the special end elements. Since the axial stiffness is linear with the cross-sectional area, the ratio between the reduced sectional area to the original member area is directly comparable to \( k_{rel} \), i.e.; \( k_{rel} = A_{red} /A_{member} \).
To evaluate the sensitivity of the model regarding stiffness of the connections, member segments with reduced area in the range of 10–40 % of the original member cross-sectional area was investigated. This gives a reasonable interval around a possible reduced stiffness of the connection.
Reduced stiffness at the connections may also give an increase of the acceleration at the top of the structure. In this case it was found that a reduced stiffness \( k_{rel} = 0.2 \) gave about 10–15 % increase of the maximum accelerations. Nevertheless, it must be emphasized that the stiffness of the connections study was performed assuming that all connections were similar.
4.4 Damping properties of glulam members
Buildings subjected to fluctuating wind might very well start to vibrate and lead to discomfort of the occupants. For a given building design, the accelerations will depend on the frequency and the vibrating mass, and to a large extent also on the energy dissipation within the building since this is the way a building can limit the energy put into and stored in the building due to dynamic loading. For lightly damped buildings, which in fact represent the usual case for buildings, a small change of the damping properties might give a large influence on the accelerations of the building. Today, it is realized that the knowledge of damping properties of large timber buildings are insufficient, a fact that has been recognized by several authors (e.g. Chapman et al. 2012).
It should be noted that the numbers discussed for damping herein, are solely estimations and only in situ measurements can reveal the real numbers for a structure under considerations.
For glulam made of Norway spruce, a recent investigation has been carried out to quantify the material damping and the major findings were that for members and deformation modes without significant shear stresses the material damping is of the order of \( \xi_{mat} = 0.005 \).
For High beams and short spans, i.e. in cases where shear deformation contributes significantly to the total deformation, the material damping increases to about \( \xi_{mat} = 0.011 \). More on these experiments can be found in Labonnote et al. (2013b) and the evaluations are given in Labonnote et al. (2013a). These numbers correspond well to similar investigations on Norway spruce beams, see for example Spycher et al. (2008), where \( \xi_{mat} = 0.0051 \) was found for flexural vibration, i.e. where axial strain was the cause of deformation.
The glulam structure is designed to work as a truss. The connections are without eccentricities, and hence the glulam members will mainly be subjected to axial straining. It is therefore likely that the material damping in the glulam members will be about \( \xi_{mat} = 0.005 \).
4.5 Damping properties of dowel connections
This type of damping is usually due to friction between mating surfaces of the dowels and the surrounding wooden material, and in some cases crushing, cracking or compression of the wood due to high concentration of stresses around the dowels. It is natural to classify this type of damping as structural damping since it originates from interaction of different materials and are dependent on the structural lay-out of the connections.
Figure 11 shows load-deformation relationships for two tests of a glulam specimen with a dowel joint in each end. The load level in a serviceability state will be in the range 20–40 % of the ultimate load and it may be observed from the response plots in Fig. 11 that the response is fairly linear in the range from 50 to 200 kN.
An unloading–reloading cycle has been performed in the range 10–40 % of the ultimate load and the response was nearly linear with very small amount of dissipated energy enclosed by the hysteretic loops. Consequently only small amount of energy dissipation is expected for load cycles in the serviceability domain for a connection with slotted-in steel-plates and dowels.
For a single dowel embedded in wood some evaluations have been performed and reported (see Reynolds et al. 2012). Although not directly comparable to connections with slotted-in steel-plates and dowels, it may serve as an indication of the level of damping. The obtained logarithmic decrement of damping for non-reversed loading is about \( \delta = 0.12 \) or by use of Eq. (2); an equivalent viscous damping ratio will be about \( \xi_{struct} = 0.019 \).
4.6 Damping properties of external walls
In between the glulam frames in the external walls there are secondary structural systems transferring the wind loading to the main load carrying system. It consists of horizontal beams and vertical columns forming a rectangular pattern. The vertical members span typically over two levels, but are interrupted by the diagonal main glulam members, cf. Fig. 3. On the secondary structural systems, which are also made of glulam, horizontal Z-profiles of steel are attached, which is used to fasten the exterior metal sheet cladding. Due to the large thickness of the external walls, the windows are equipped with steel cassettes which form niches around the windows. These are attached partly to the main load carrying system, or the secondary system. The south façade has glazing structures attached to the external surfaces. In this way the main load carrying structure has a lot more interconnections than solely at the structural joints.
An investigation of the cause of damping in timber floors consisting of joists and sheet materials (plates), reveals that roughly half of the energy dissipation is due to material damping and the other half is caused by structural damping, i.e. caused mainly by energy dissipation in connections and interaction between mating surfaces (Labonnote et al. 2015). The results also showed that the total equivalent viscous damping ratio was in the range between 2 and 3 %. It was pointed out that the amounts of especial structural damping increases with higher vibrational modes, i.e. with increasing shear deformation in the vibrational modes (Labonnote et al. 2015). For comparison, Eurocode 5 (CEN 1995 2004) recommends \( \xi = 0.01 \) for timber floors if no other value is known.
A floor structure is mainly subjected to bending deformation, while the governing deformational mode for the main glulam frames will be closer to shear panel deformation, see the plots of the lower transversal fundamental modes in Figs. 19 and 20, mode one and two respectively. The third mode is a torsional mode. For timber bridges with mechanical joints, Eurocode 5 part 2 (CEN 1995-2 2004) recommends the use of \( \xi = 0.015 \), while Eurocode 1 (CEN 1991-1-4 2002) proposes values up to 1.9 % for timber bridges. Usually the timber bridges have no sheeting or other structural elements, which dissipate energy due to shear deformation between components.
The material damping in the glulam members is probably in the range \( \xi_{mat} = 0.005 - 0.010 \).
The structural damping in dowelled connections is probably in the range \( \xi_{struct} = 0.010 - 0.020 \).
The total equivalent viscous damping ratio for the glulam structural frames will probably be in the range \( \xi = 0.015 - 0.025 \).
It is to be noted that these damping ratios are solely estimations, or best engineering judgement for the time being. Only full scale measurements will reveal the real damping ratios. For the final design a total equivalent damping ratio \( \xi = 0.019 \) has been used.
5 Dynamic properties of prefabricated residential modules
To the knowledge of the authors, the idea of repeated stacks of residential wood-based modules in vertical direction mounted on floors lying in between has not been used before. Due to the lack of necessary information on dynamic behaviour of residential building modules, the responsible engineering consultant Sweco Norway AS contacted Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, to discuss the challenges regarding the dynamical properties.
The modules would be produced and delivered by the Estonian company Kodumaja. After an initial evaluation it was decided to perform full-scale non-destructive dynamic testing of modules in cooperation with the producer. At this stage the modules were not produced, so the tests had to be performed on modules very similar to the modules that were planned to be used in "Treet". The testing of the modules was performed by NTNU in September 2012 at the factory of Kodumaja in Tartu, Estonia.
5.1 Test setup, methods and instrumentation
Two different test protocols were used; an experimental modal analysis (MA) protocol, and a system identification (SID) protocol. The protocols require slightly different equipment and setups. However, the practical difference in carrying out MA and SID tests are small. An instrumented impact hammer was used for both protocols to excite the structure. The dynamic response was measured by use of accelerometers. The main difference between the protocols is related to the data processing after the time series has been recorded, as well as the number and locations of impacts and accelerometers.
The structures were excited according to a pre-programmed grid in the MA software (roving hammer method). The grid was quite similar to the grid of strain-gauge accelerometers also shown by the added numbers for the short and long sides shown in Figs. 14 and 15, respectively. The impacts on the modules were performed on one side at a time, and the measured response from the accelerometers was always measured on the rear side relatively to the impacted side of the modules.
For the SID test, the excitations were also imposed by the hammer, but the impact force was not recorded, nor was it required for the analysis. The grid of six tactically located accelerometers measured the accelerations and a computer recorded the acceleration time histories.
To get useful measurements, it is important that the impacts hit the structural framing, and that the accelerometers are attached firmly to the structural framing and not on local elements. Note that the location of the accelerometers used for MA and SID protocols do not coincide.
5.2 Processing of experimental data
The modal parameters for all modes within the frequency range of interest constitute a complete dynamic description of the structure. Any free or forced dynamic response of a structure may be reduced to a discrete set of modes. The modal parameters are modal frequency \( \omega_{r} \), modal damping \( \xi_{r} \) and the mode shape vector \( {\varvec{\Psi}}_{r} \), for mode number r.
The knowledge of a unique row (roving hammer method) is usually enough to characterize all the vibrational modes of a structural system. However, measurements of a row or column of the frequency response matrix is not sufficient for determination of all the vibrational modes of a system when there are several modes for the same frequency, e.g. for symmetrical structures.
5.2.1 Modal parameter identification
Experimental modal analysis (MA) (Ewins 2000) is used for determining the fundamental frequencies, the damping ratios and the mode shapes, assuming small total damping values. The frequency response function \( H \) relates the input signal spectrum \( F \) from the hammer's load cell and the output signal spectrum \( X \) from the accelerometer.
The parameter identification method is based on the Frequency-Domain Direct Parameter Identification fitting method, which is a frequency domain multiple degree-of-freedom modal analysis method suitable for narrow frequency band and well separated modes.
5.2.2 System identification
System identification (SID) in structural engineering is an advanced form of a curve fitting method for estimating dynamic properties of structures (Van Overschee and De More 1996). Besides experimental evaluations of dynamic properties of structures, SID is also used to monitor ready built structures in order to get more information about their dynamic properties. The information gained from such monitoring can be used to improve numerical models for similar structures in the future.
There are several available algorithms for system identifications. Some are based on the least square method, the extended Kalman filter or the maximum likelihood method. The method used here is called the Numerical Subspace State Space System Identification method (N4SID). This is a least square method, which is part of the System Identification Toolbox in MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc.). It is easy to use and it is considered to be robust due to algorithms based on standard numerical linear algebra. The method can handle both input–output measurements and output-only measurements.
5.3 Test results
Measured results from two different protocols
Impact side
Frequency (Hz)
Damping (%)
There are differences in the results between the two protocols; the fundamental frequencies are about 0.5 Hz lower in SID protocol than in the MA protocol. Furthermore, the measured modal damping ratio with the SID protocol appears to be about 0.5 % higher than that obtained from the MA protocol. However, both methods seem to be consistent with themselves as they deliver identical results for the torsional mode regardless of which side they were impacted and measured. Due to limited time at the test side this could not be further explored during the testing period, and no explanation is given. It might be due to the fact that quite different equipment was used for the two protocols, the locations for the accelerometers were not coinciding, and the noise-to signal ratio was not fully satisfactory. However, the standard deviations of the measurements did not indicate non-valid measurements.
6 Stacks of prefabricated modules
- 1.
What are the dynamic properties of the stacks of residential wooden modules to be used in "Treet"?
- 2.
How to incorporate the effects of the modules in the global structural analysis?
Very detailed FEM models of the tested modules were worked out (Jørstad 2013). The models included studs, beams, sheeting and any part with significance for the dynamic behaviour. These models were calibrated to have the same dynamical properties as the tested modules. During this work it appeared that the dynamic properties were sensitive to the way the actual modules are assembled and it should be noted that the measured dynamical properties might be of little value for other types of modules using different assembly or parts. Same type of advanced FEM numerical models were also built for the modules to be used in "Treet", and in turn used to estimate the properties of the planned "Treet" modules.
The advanced Abaqus FEM models were far too detailed and complicated to be incorporated in the global analysis of the whole building, instead simplified models based either on shear frames or trussed frames were calibrated to have similar dynamical properties. In this calibration the two translational modes were given priority on the expense of the torsional mode.
Actual configuration of stacked modules
Vibrational mode (Hz)
Hor. × vert.
2 × 3 stack
2 × 4 stack
5 × 4 stack
It is quite clear that the dynamical properties of stacked modules are dependent on the number of stack modules in vertical direction, but not in the horizontal direction, with the exception of the torsional mode. Furthermore, the modules behave much softer in the transverse direction (of the modules) and therefore have lower fundamental frequency in that direction.
It should also be noted that the stacks of modules appear to have considerably higher fundamental frequencies than those of the overall glulam load-carrying frame, which are estimated to about 1 Hz.
7 Structural modelling
"Treet" consists of a vertical glulam truss work carrying two intermediate platforms, denoted "power storeys". A "power storey" consists of a horizontal glulam truss work carrying a concrete slab, see Fig. 2. The slab serves as foundation for additional four storeys of modules. A single storey of residential modules is also placed inside each of the "power storeys", cf. Fig. 18. Four additional storeys are placed directly on the slab above the basement. Apart from the "power storey", the modules are only connected to the load carrying structure at the base (the concrete slabs). A concrete slab was added to the top level of the building as well in order to interconnect the different truss works, and to add more weight to the structure. This gave the building higher modal masses and decreased the accelerations. The CLT-elements in the shafts are not included as structural elements in the design. They are only included as vertical bearing for the stairs and elevators. The bottom levels of a "power storey" are interconnected using steel braces to avoid local deflections and vibrations.
The ULS check was decisive for most structural dimensions. A few elements are governed by fire design. Since the building is relatively light, much attention was put into the dynamic considerations.
The highest compression force in a column is computed to 4287 kN. The highest tensile force in a column became 296 kN. The highest tensile force in a diagonal was calculated to 930 kN.
The effect of possible slip at the joints is not included in the design, but the sensitivity to joint slips was investigated in the sensitivity study and it was concluded that in this case it will have minor impact on the force distribution as well as on the fundamental frequencies and level of displacements. Furthermore, a typical column of 45 m height is delivered in three pieces, while all diagonals will be produced in full length. Consequently, there will be few connections where slip can occur.
Further, the global analyses of the dynamic behaviour of the building were made using Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2013. The glulam trusses were modelled with their actual geometry and stiffness, the grade of the glulam is GL 30c according to EN 14080 (CEN 14080 2013). The trusses were modelled with pinned joints between all members.
The concrete slabs were modelled using shell elements with representative mass and stiffness properties. The foundation of the building is a concrete basement supported on steel core piles inserted into the underlying bedrock approximately 5 m below the basement. The steel core piles and basement were also modelled with their actual geometry and stiffness properties. In the dynamic analysis, the concrete weight of the basement was set to zero and the basement was fixed in the horizontal direction at the bottom level. The basement is stiff compared to the truss work. The dynamic analysis includes solely axial stiffness of the piles and vertical elements of the basement structure. This choice was made in order to avoid local effects from the basement structure leading to uncertainties in the interpretation of the vibrational properties.
Only the modules from the first "power storey" and above were included in the FEM-model. The first four levels of stacked modules from the basement will not affect the building response because they are not connected to the truss work. The modules in the "power storeys" were only modelled by added mass to the truss work.
The four levels of stacked modules at the concrete slabs were modelled as described previously. The modules were placed on a load-distributing beam on the concrete slab. This represented the bottom sill of the module. This was done in order to avoid local effects on the slab at the modules "feet". This is the only connection between the modules and the slabs and truss work structures.
The modules cannot move independently because they are connected to each other in all adjoining joints. This is modelled as short elements between the modules.
All modules should carry a live load of 2 kN/m2, and 30 % of this load was added as additional mass in the modal analysis. The mass was applied to the floor of each module. Similarly, corridor elements, storage rooms etc. were modelled as added mass at their respective positions.
8 Design verification for wind loading
- 1.
Will the stacks of modules give positive or negative effects on the dynamical response to fluctuating wind loading on the building?
- 2.
Should the modules be fastened to the main load carrying system at more locations than at the foundation plates?
8.1 Dynamic effects of wind
The wind loading part of Eurocode (CEN 1991-1-4 2002) gives guidelines on how to calculate the peak accelerations. ISO guidelines (ISO 10137 2007) give recommended design criteria for wind-induced vibrations to evaluate the serviceability of the building, while Boggs (1995) gives guidance for human response to vibrations.
The nodes used to calculate the mode shape were picked from the top and bottom of each level of modules and not from the truss frame. This is believed to give a more representative equivalent mass for determination of the accelerations of the modules
The basis wind velocity in Bergen is 26 m/s for a mean return period of 50 years. The characteristic wind velocity on site, \( V_{m} \), was calculated for a return period of 1 year according to CEN 1991-1-4 (2002) and hence estimated to 19.1 m/s.
From the results of the module testing the equivalent viscous damping ratio was estimated to approximately 3 % for the modules. The modules are much stiffer and have considerably higher fundamental frequencies than the overall structural system of the building so their damping properties turned out to be of minor significance to the overall behaviour. Based on the previous consideration an overall equivalent viscous damping ratio of 1.9 % was chosen for the global analysis, which is within the range given for timber bridges stated in CEN 1991-1-4 (2002).
Peak acceleration at each floor
Height (m)
Norm. mode shape
Accele-ration (m/s2)
Norm. mode shape
Accele-ration (m/s2)
8.2 Static effect of wind
The static response of maximum wind exposure is evaluated in the ultimate limit state. Note that the design wind load is regarded as an instantaneous load according to the Norwegian annex to Eurocode 5 (CEN 1995 2004).
9 Conclusion
The chosen structural solution for "Treet" using glulam truss works and stacked prefabricated building modules gives a robust design. The structural effects of stacks of pre-fabricated modules installed and fastened solely to floor-slabs at multiple levels do not lead to problematic dynamical properties, as the module stacks behave as rigid bodies in the glulam truss works. There is a theoretical clearance of 34 mm between the building modules and the glulam trusses. This is enough to ensure necessary building tolerances, and to avoid that possible differential horizontal movement of modules and trusses interfere and inflict damage on the modules due to interface forces.
The calculated maximum acceleration for "Treet" for mode 2 at the 13th floor is slightly higher than the recommended value given in ISO 10137 (2007), but this is considered acceptable. The 12th floor will have accelerations below the recommended value. In Boggs (1995), the acceleration limit for nausea is given as 0.098 m/s2 and perception limit as 0.049 m/s2 for approximately 50 % of the population. The perception limit for approximately 2 % of the population is 0.020 m/s2. Based on this information some of the residents in the top floors might in rare cases feel vibrations, but it is unlikely that they will become uncomfortable. The chosen structural solution for "Treet" using glulam truss works and stacked prefabricated building modules gives insignificant vibrational effects caused by wind exposure.
10 Need for future research
After the building is finished it is planned to install accelerometers and anemometers (to measure wind velocity) at different levels of the building. In this way it will be possible to measure the actual accelerations and damping of the building at different wind velocities. A few timber buildings have already been measured, but still the data basis is too sparse. Improved knowledge of damping properties as well as general structural behaviour of this class of buildings is of vital importance for evaluations of comfort properties. The need for this type of knowledge is clearly demonstrated herein as the numbers used in the present evaluation is basically estimations.
Furthermore, it is clear that multi-storey buildings require longer fire resistance than the 60 min which is covered by the current European regulations (CEN 1995-1-2 2004), and hopefully the next generation of Eurocodes will extend the covered range based on current and future research.
The building owner is BOB, Bergen og Omegn Boligbyggelag, a Norwegian housing association and a major residential player in Bergen. Moelven Limtre is the largest glulam manufacturer in Norway and delivered and installed the glulam and CLT. The Estonian company Kodumaja delivered the prefabricated building modules that comprise the apartments. The architect for the project was the Bergen-based company Artec. SWECO Norway was responsible for the technical design and the design management. The Norwegian company Skansen Consult AS was independent third party reviewer for the fire design. The Norwegian engineering company Norconsult was independent third party reviewer for the structural design. All participants have been active in the development of the project and have together made this project possible. NTNU has been involved in the structural design issues and performed the dynamical evaluations of the residential modules and had support from The Research Council of Norway (208052), The Association of Norwegian Glulam Producers, Skogtiltaksfondet and Norwegian Public Road Administration. The support is gratefully acknowledged. Furthermore, several MSc students at NTNU have made their MSc thesis on topics related to development of tall timber buildings, and especially Anders Jørstad and Ingunn Utne have made significant contribution to this project. The article was written within the COST action FP1004 entitled Enhance mechanical properties of timber, engineered wood products and timber structures.
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Sunday 22nd July
The Mall
4.15 pm
The Sashing Ceremony will take place this year on the green beside the historic Hayweights Clock at approx 4.15 p.m
If the weather is wet then the Sashing will be held in North Esk Church.
The Lad and Lass 2018 will be sashed with the emblems of their office by this year's Sasher.
The Burgh Flag will be officially handed over to the Honest Lad by this year's Civic Head and will be bussed at the Sashing Ceremony. He will be given the responsibility to return the flag 'unsullied and unstained' after the ride-out on Saturday afternoon.
The Honest Lass will be presented with the Jewelled Riding Crop.
The ceremony ends with the Official Party dancing the Musselburgh and Eightsome Reels.
Presentations to the Honest Lad, Honest Lass and Attendants from local organisations such as The Old Musselburgh Club, The Rotary Club of Musselburgh, Crudens, The Attendants Association and the Fisherrow Fishermans Association will be made at a presentation Ceremony to be held later in the week.
The Sasher
Mr Colin Gerrie
Headteacher Musselburgh Grammar School
It is a tremendous honour to be asked to be the Sasher for this great town.
My earliest memories of Musselburgh were my childhood ones. In the 70s I would visit my Grandparents in Tranent and with no bypass the only route in was via the 'Honest Toun.'
First there was the harbour where we would stop and have a picnic and pick up fresh fish from Clarks. Then there was the pitch and putt at Fisherrow links. It was there that my Dad had his head split open by my younger brother (6 at the time) after he approached him from behind and tried to 'correct his swing.' Aye that was back in the days when you got hand me down clubs, some of which had been shortened. Then past the Brunton and over the beautiful Esk where my parents would point out from the driver's seat of the Ford Cortina, the statue of David Macbeth Moir. Then it was the family arguments over Luca's v Di Rollo and could you taste the difference between the two? As the road snaked around it was time for my brother and I to commentate as junior Peter O'Sullivans as we drove past the racecourse.
Finally, on departing the town we would always look to our left to see the whales jaw. What a sight, and we wondered as kids about which 'warrior' had actually brought this home. As the years passed by, we would see it almost snap. Wallyford was on our right and my Dad would speak of John White of Tottenham Hotspur. He had had seen him play at Wembley in 1963 when Scotland had won 2-1 and he had given me the programme.
Since 1980 I have always admired the town and its people. In point of fact, this was the main reason I applied for the post at MGS. It is 'Scotland within one school' and my ambition is to reward the Musselburgh community by striving to become 'one of the best schools in Scotland.' High expectations and with record breaking exam results in each of the last 3 years, we've made an excellent start.
I continue to meet ex Grammarians from all walks of life and people of all ages who are proud of their town.
I regard it as a privilege to perform these historic duties in the month ahead.
Colin Gerrie


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There are more than 200 results, only the first 200 are displayed here.
If I could write you out of my system / I would / siphon every last drop away / drain the bloodstream / flatten memory / and sandpaper flesh / where skin impressed / upon skin / on your audio track / I would press delete ...
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It's all very well to remove excess furniture, but furniture is not books. How many chairs does one need? Chairs are not books. To reduce a library as a household expedience is to objectify the books. Their contents are emptied of value, their history relegated to out-of-date. They have no more meaning than books in an Ikea display room.
Any suggestion that Israel is a racist and racial state is often met with outrage and accusations of antisemitism. Yet even supporters of Israel were shocked by the recent legislation of the Nation-State law. The law isn't news, however. Just like the apartheid law in South Africa, it doesn't signify the onset of apartheid; it enshrines it.
Hayne's report brings into play ideas surrounding collective humanistic values and goals, and natural law principles based on commonly understood ethics and moral standards. What is striking is how the financial services industry has dehumanised consumers, and those within the industry providing the services at the frontline.
An academic friend of mine made a dilligent and well-argued case that Hayne had failed in his task to 'tackle bank structure'. With the greatest of respect, this was not the job Hayne had to do. To imagine otherwise is to misunderstand both the law, and what it is 'meant' to do in the hands of those who are judicially trained.
The exhibition stands as a celebration of the work of Xiao Lu and her contemporaries, who continue to clothe their lived experiences in images, acts and utterances, and in so doing communicate with others about the state of their lives as women and artists, their society and their nation.
In the wake of the St Kilda riots, while I sit petrified, third generation to Holocaust survivors, I can't stop thinking about my grandfather, who lived and came to Australia. In 2018 there was a rise in antisemitic incidents across Australia compared with 2017, which also saw a rise on previous years.
As the week progressed and the temperature headed beyond 40 degrees, my vigour flagged like that molten candlestick. I longed to return to the chill of Ulan-Ude, where our eyelashes froze to white feathers and the snowflakes fell in limpid perfection and the cold shook us so viscerally, so expansively, from our spiritual slumber.
Kenneth Hayne's royal commission into the financial sector has named, shamed and excoriated banks, regulators, insurance companies and other financial services businesses to the extent that you would think they are now extremely vulnerable and universally unloved. That would be a mistake.
Because this story is in the political arena, it seems vicious comments from celebrities, politicians, and countless others are made with impunity. And we wonder why young people can be so cruel online and why it is so hard to educate them that words matter; that words hurt. Then, as they say, the story got complicated.
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Teacher of Science
- Recruiter
- Location
- Bracknell, Berkshire
- Salary
- Posted
- 13 Feb 2019
- Closing date
- 11 Mar 2019
- Ref
- HaysRANELAGH
- Industry
- Schools, Secondary teaching, Biology
- Hours
- Full time
- Contract
- Permanent
- Listing type
- Job vacancy
Required for September 2019, an enthusiastic and effective teacher of science, able to teach Biology to GCSE and A level. Applications from experienced teachers and NQTs will be considered.
The Teachers' student loan reimbursement scheme enables eligible Bracknell Forest teachers to apply for a repayment of their student loan payments for up to 10 years after gaining QTS.
Results in science are excellent. In 2018, GCSE grades were 72% 9-4 for Combined Science, 90% in Biology, 86% in Chemistry and 88% in Physics. Students are well motivated and excited by the science they study – around 50 students per year group opt to study triple science at GCSE and Biology, Physics and Chemistry are popular at Advanced level.
Ranelagh is an 11-18 coeducational, Anglican Academy (converter) which is oversubscribed and has an excellent reputation for academic achievement and positive school ethos. The school has had four 'outstanding' OFSTED reports, with Grade 1 across all areas, but we are not complacent and as such the provision for professional learning and development is something of which we are all very committed.
This post may be suitable for an experienced or newly qualified teacher. Potential candidates may also wish to know that our admissions policy enables the school to prioritise the admission of children of staff recruited to posts in which there is a demonstrable skill shortage.
If you have a very good knowledge and understanding of the subject and you are an excellent teacher looking to develop your career in a supportive and progressive environment, we would welcome an application from you. Opportunities for professional growth are excellent.
This school is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and expects all staff to share this commitment. All staff employed in the school must be aware that an enhanced Disclosure and Barring Service check will be undertaken.
If you are interested in learning more about the position, please contact the Headteacher via our Recruitment Account Manager Hazel Baxter on 01273 729465 or by email, firstname.lastname@example.com
Details of the post are also available on the school website, www.hays.co.uk/jobs/Ranelagh-School/index.htm
Closing date: Monday 11th March 2019, 12.00noon.


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Glass Bubble Hanging Terrarium with Rope
Item # 6106023
Hanging terrariums give indoor gardens a stylish touch. With a thick rope handle atop a glass bubble, this is the perfect way to display your favorite greenery.
- More Details
More Details
- Made of glass
- Knotted top rope hanger
- Measurements: 8.5"Dia. x 7"H
- Imported


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Soland is a leading brand in health food stores and pharmacies throughout Australia, specialising in natural health food and quality whole food products. The Soland range consists of over 500 products, ranging from 100g packs to bulk packs of 25kg.
Select Harvests is Australia's largest almond grower, managing 60% of Australia's almond orchards and is one of the largest almond growers in the world.
Select Harvests is also a leading manufacturer, processor and marketer of a range of nuts and associated health food products. They sell to retail, wholesale and food service customers and food manufacturers. They export almonds to several countries in Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
Select Harvests is proud of its current certification to the food and quality management system – HACCP and SQF 2000 Level 3. We are also certified by ACO to pack organic products.
© 2010 Select Harvests Food Products Pty Ltd | Contact Us | Legal/Privacy


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Made a trip to Atlantic City this past weekend to see "The Neighbor" and her husband. We also had a brief appearance by "The Gay Coke Dealer" for a one and done Friday night. We had a great time and on leaving AC we decided to grab some Subs at the world famous White House. I called the order in at 11AM to be ready at 2PM and I am glad I did. The story is that the doors opened in October 1946 and have been serving the New Jersey Submarine sandwiches ever since.
We opted for the Original and a Cheesesteak with and added sweet peppers. I walked into the joint and it is packed tighter than Dick's Hatband. Between people waiting for table service, to go orders there isn't much room to move around. I ask the waitress where I go for call in orders and she tells me to head to the back by the walk in freezer. I go back there but I am stuck in the 'Go Order' line and ask again. Literally I had to go into the kitchen to get my order. I tell them my name and they hand me two baseball bats wrapped in paper.
We make our way home and after some beers at Iggy's we decide that it is time for the Subs. Even cold they sandwiches were unbelievable and the Bread…..Oh the Bread that my friends is what makes this a great sandwich.
Homeslice wasn't too crazy that I was taking pictures but I told them that I knew the Gay Coke Dealer and all was forgiven.
You can't understand how big this sucker is by this angle.
I had to get out the Stanley Black and Decker Tape Measure for this.
This is about 6 inches of the Original for us to eat. Knock it off Nova – I know what you are going to say.
The Philly and Here is when I realized they forgot to include the Sweet Peppers.
We still have plenty of sandwiches to eat the rest of the week.
Thanks to the Neighbor and her welfare receiving husband for a great time and we will see you again soon. As far as the Margate Dad…..You know that I still love you!


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Sustainability Management
CSR Vision
We launched the implementation of sustainability management mechanism since 2006, and established "CSR Committee" to stipulate sustainable policies, using top-down approach to achieve our sustainable actions.
Chunghwa Telecom's sustainable development strategy is utilizing corporation's unique resources and competence to implement sustainable actions from six groups, focus on such as "Create society coexistence, Digital inclusion, Green ICT product and service, Green brand management and Energy conservation and carbon reduction."
SMART-I Management Mechanism
The distinctive Strategy-Management-Action-Response-Target (SMART) CSR management mechanism of Chunghwa Telecom shows its response to GRI G4 version in the systematization in management and the compilation and disclosure of facts in corporate social responsibility. New Indicators were introduced to the 2014 version, which substantively presented in the chapters and sections corresponding to relevant GRI index. This is our commitment to international standards.
CSR Committee Management Mechanism
We established "CSR Committee" in 2007, for expanding our core functions of sustainable benefits, implementing CSR vision as a stating, and devoting to the industry and society for the sustainable development.


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Title: Must Love Cakes
When two delicious men are on the menu, skip the appetizer and go straight to dessert.
Carolyn Bannister lives the sweet life as co-owner and operator of a bakery with her two best friends. Small towns being what they are, though, she finds herself at a party one night, slinging back shots while trying to ignore the woman wrapped around her ex.
Grady Brooks and Ben Shipman have always taken care of their longtime buddy, and tonight is no different. Though they've shared women in the past, they never considered getting sexually involved with Carrie—at least not out loud. Why not get back at her douche of an ex by playing into the longtime rumors about the three of them being involved in a relationship?
Any initial hesitation goes up in smoke when faked kisses get all too real. Though they break apart, everything has changed. Now neither Grady nor Ben can pretend they don't want the one woman they've always loved.
But in this gossip-ridden town, it's not as if the three of them can openly date. Or…can they?
Warning: Contains two men and one woman up to their apron strings in repressed sexual tension. Throw in battery-assisted phone sex, and something's definitely rising. Not all the decadent treats in this story are edible, but they're guaranteed piping-hot—and calorie free. "Batter" up!
Author: Virginia Nelson
Other books by this author that we've reviewed: Taming Tabitha, Calling Caralisa, Riding Ripley
Series: Watkins Pond #3
Published by Samhain Publishing Source: Publisher
Published: July 7th 2015
Genres: Erotic Contemporary Romance, Erotic Short, Menage
Pages: 64 pages
See the title at Goodreads
Purchase your copy: Amazon
Visit the Author's Website
Must Love Cakes is a friends to lovers romance that was super to read! It is romantic, fun and all sorts of sexiness! The best part is its a menage! I love these types of stories and this one was a gem.
Carrie, Grady, and Ben have been best friends forever it seems. They own a successful bakery together-their childhood dream come true. One night at a party, the drinks are flowing and Carrie needed her Bff's to help her get through seeing her ex draped with girls. They decide to give a show since the small town was always talking about them being a threesome anyway. When their feelings bubble to the top, can they be more than just best friends to each other? Can they survive the gossip that is sure to ensue? They all love each other but can they hold onto what they have and their lives truly be happy once they risk it all?
I really savored this book. It is book three in the Watkins Pond series but can be read as a standalone. I liked all of the characters and even for a short story I felt I understood who they were. Carrie's reservations are real despite the chemistry that is clearly there. This is an entertaining and sassy read that will leave you with a smile on your face!


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East Rutherford High (ERHS) Class of 1925 Alumni List
Help us Update the East Rutherford High 1925 Class List by adding any names missing from the list below:
Registered Alumni
1925 Class List
Know East Rutherford High Class of 1925 graduates that are NOT on this List? Help us Update the 1925 Class List by adding missing names.
Reunions and East Rutherford High School News
More 1925 alumni from East Rutherford HS East Rutherford, NJ have posted profiles on Classmates.com®. Click here to register for free at Classmates.com® and view other 1925 alumni.
Missing some friends from East Rutherford that graduated with you in 1925? Check the list below that shows the East Rutherford East Rutherford, NJ class of '25.
If you are a former student of East Rutherford in East Rutherford, New Jersey, register now to add your name.


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Curator Lecture: "The Soul of Human Life: Technology and Modernity," by Emma Acker
This event is expired.
Charles Sheeler, "Classic Landscape," 1931. Oil on canvas, 25 x 32 1/4 in. (63.5 x 81.9 cm). National Gallery of Art, Washington, Collection of Barney A. Ebsworth, 2000.39.2. © Charles Sheeler
Koret Auditorium
The tensions and ambivalences about industrialization expressed in works by the American Precisionists during the Machine Age are particularly fascinating and relevant to a contemporary audience in the midst of what has been termed the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in which robots are replacing human labor for various functions, underscoring many of the same excitements and concerns about modernization that existed nearly one hundred years ago. Emma Acker will introduce the themes explored by the artists featured in the exhibition Cult of the Machine and will consider their resonance with our current moment.
Emma Acker is the associate curator of American Art for the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.
Ticket Information
This program is free and open to the public. Seating is first come, first served.
Contact InformationPublic Programs


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Book No. 7: Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers by Mary Roach
Roach, a sometimes Salon columnist, has written a witty, breezy book about dead bodies. You've probably heard about this book from friends or on NPR, but it's well worth a read. Roach somehow turns the subject into something so light that the stories stick with you without any distaste for the subject. There's a lot of reviews about this one out there, so I'm going to just mention that I read and recommend it.
Monday, March 27, 2006
Book No. 7: Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers by Mary Roach
5 comments:
- rocio 1:21 PM, March 30, 2006
this book was great! and if you enjoyed this one check out "The Corpse: A History" by Christine Quigley
Glad to see someone else enjoyed it enough to spotlight it.
- K 2:37 PM, March 30, 2006
This looks really interesting. I'm going to check it out.
- Hayden Childs 10:43 AM, March 31, 2006
Thanks for the comments, y'all! I'll look for the Quigley book.
- buck 11:15 AM, April 03, 2006
I was just passing by and saw you recommend Roach. I loved Stiff and would suggest that you read her newer work Spook as well. She has the wit and class to pull off any topic.
- Hayden Childs 1:51 PM, April 03, 2006
Thanks! I'll add it to the list.


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Tamara's Studio
Tamara's Studio Thanks so much for coming! Please come back and see what else Tamara is up to! Company Headquarters:
Email Tamara at firstname.lastname@example.com
Check out Detour Salon online at www.detoursalon.com or call them at 760-634-1999
Tamara also has another show coming in the fall in a gallery in San Diego. Details will be anounced at a later date


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How to balance it all + Velvet heels
A friend asked me the other day, "How do I balance it all?" From being a wife and Mom to working full time (sometimes two jobs in one), to keeping myself together, to starting a business and of course blogging. My first thought was what was I portraying on social media? These people cannot possibly believe that I have it all together. To be quite honest, sometimes I have to sacrifice one aspect of my life for the other one to shine. Sometimes my home is not in the best shape and others I drop my son to daycare so that I can get some work done (which I feel very quilty about somedays). The truth is we are all just winging it the best we can. No one has the secret to life but as long as we keep trying, we have done the best we can. I've always admired those who are great at organizing and I've been doing a better job with that lately. I'm going to give you guys some pointers that I've been following to get my life in order.
1) USE YOUR SMART PHONE I bet you not to many of us actually use our phones to its fullest potential. There are so many apps and tools we can use to help organize and plan our weeks accordingly. I don't even go as far as to download apps but I'm sure there are plenty out there. Good ol' iPhone calendar is my go to for planning my weeks ahead.
2)HAVE DESIGNATED DAYS. We usually blog once a week but when we do, we make sure we do at least two outfits per shoot. This way, we are already ahead and have content lined up for the coming week. I vowed to do one outfit per week but post twice a week on my site. I honestly might have to change how we go about doing things because I want to start doing so much more.
Anyways, as I am typing now, I have been doing spring cleaning while cooking, while cleaning in general. I knew this would take me a whole day and possibly two so I dedicated these days for that. (I know I am blogging but this idea came to my head and I had to write it down because you never ignore a blog idea when it comes).
3) MAKE TIME TO DO NOTHING. You never want to overexert yourself. You have to make time to do absolutely nothing but netflix/chill, read leisurely, sleep, etc. It gets overwhelming trying to balance it all so make sure you take care of yourself.
P.S. Do you guys like how I used the bow as a belt. If you actually click on HERE, you'll see how different ASOS styled it. If you wanted to change your look, you can pair it with pants and use it as a belt, or you can tie it as a bow or just let it flow like I did in the previous pictures. Like I always say, two people can wear the same item in different ways. Let me know which way you prefer.
As always, thanks for stopping by.
Top: ASOS (here) , Sandals ASOS (here); Also Missguided (here)


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Recipe for pineapple syrup:
- 1 ½ cup of fresh, organic pineapple
- 1 piece of ginger for about 3-4 cm.
- ¼ cup of fresh squeezed organic lemon juice
- 1/2 tablespoons cayenne pepper powder
Put all the ingredients in blender and blend until you get uniform mixture. Take 2 to 3 times daily, ¼ cups of this syrup until the cough stops. It is scientifically proven that this drink helps in digesting the multitude in the lungs of tuberculosis patients.
Source: www.healthyfoodstar.com


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Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry - Forestry Services
PROTECTION AREA STATISTICS* for Reporting Period 0800 thru 0800, 03/06/18 thru 0800 03/07/18
NE Area – 8 Fires Burned 172.3 Acres (Cause: 3-Incendiary, 3-Escaped Debris, 2-Misc.)
EC Area – 7 Fires Burned 180 Acres (Cause: 4-Incendiary, 2-Escaped Debris, 1-Escaped Control Burn)
SE Area – 6 Fires Burned 808 Acres (2-Incendiary, 3-Escaped Debris, 1-Equipment)
Large / Significant Fire Activity within the Protection Area:
Fire Activity with OFS Response Outside of the Protection Area:
OFS Prescribed Fire Activity: No New Activity
FIRE DEPARTMENT STATISTICS from www.firereporting.ok.gov recorded on 03/06/18 thru 03/07/18
Fire Reporting Site is Down / Unable to Access Data
Numerous additional fires noted through media outlets.
Statewide Discussion:
Dry conditions will persist today; however much lighter winds today will yield more manageable rates of fire spread. Given the strength of the drying conditions in the previous two days, fuels in central and eastern Oklahoma are expected to become increasingly more receptive to fire occurrence. The weekend does hold some promise of rain showers; however they are again confined to eastern Oklahoma.
Statewide, light northwest winds this morning will gradually shift to the west through the day and into the evening sustained 5-12 mph with only limited potential for higher gusts. A cool start to the day with very limited sky cover will warm into the 50°'s today. Relative humidity values will range from 9% in the panhandle to 30% along the OK/AR border. The majority of the state will see fine fuel moisture values at 5% this afternoon. A very receptive fire environment, but fire behavior will be conducive to successful initial attack operations and improving containment from fires occurring under extreme conditions yesterday.
Large diameter dead fuels, both downed and standing, are burning persistently. Fire personnel are encouraged to patrol control lines from fire activity yesterday insuring that standing snags and jackpots of fuel are mopped up an pose no threat to control lines.
Resources: Resource Hotline (800) 800-2481
Burn Ban Status:
For the most current information on Burn Bans click on the following link: http://www.forestry.ok.gov/burn-ban-info


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The prestigious National Talent Search Examination (NTSE) - the country's oldest talent search exam conducted by NCERT declared its Stage 1 results on February 8. Over 64 students got selected from Delhi city for the final stage. Simarpreet Singh Saluja, a resident of West Delhi secured the top spot in Delhi city. He scored 184 marks out of 200.
Simarpreet's dream is to become a Computer Science engineer. Realising that the competition in the competitive exam is expected to be tough, he started early by joining FIITJEE (Punjabi Bagh) Delhi centre in class 6. In his early preparation period, he focused a lot on the development of IQ, Logical and Analytical Thinking. He was quite systematic in studies and topped his class at all the FIITJEE tests, as one of his subject teachers at FIITJEE informed.
Speaking to India Today, Simarpreet said, "It feels great to be the Delhi city topper, it's like a dream come true having achieved rank 1 in NTSE, Stage 1." When asked whether he expected this outcome after the exam, Simarpreet candidly replied, "I did not think about my rank or expect anything specific. I only focused on giving my best; I was expecting a score of around 180 but secured 184".
Talking about Simparpreet's family background, he informed that his father is working in a bank and his mother-- a central government employee, while his elder brother is pursuing engineering from NSIT, New Delhi. Simarpreet intends to pursue Computer Science engineering from IIT Delhi. His long term goal is to either get into research or to become an entrepreneur. Thanking his faculties at FIITJEE, Simarpreet said "My faculties gave me the right direction & support and helped me develop my skills quite early in my career."
Responding to a question, ecstatic Partha Haldar (Centre Head of FIITJEE Punjabi Bagh centre) said, "Simarpreet earlier had cleared the prestigious JSTSE in class 9 and Regional Mathematical Olympiad (RMO) in class 10. Over the years, he has really transformed and had developed the right skills and competency to ace competitive exams at the highest level. He is earnestly chasing his dream of cracking IIT-JEE. I feel proud and hope to see him scaling newer heights in the nearer future."
NTSE is a national level scholarship programme in the Indian union to identify and recognise students with high intellect and academic talent.


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Cemetery Research – New Book is Now Available
Walking through an old cemetery is a favorite pasttime of genealogists – and why not? Cemeteries hold clues to long-gone ancestors, including dates, ages, place of birth, military service, and even names of wife, parents and children. Cemetery research is one of my favorite genealogy projects.
But are you maximizing your time in the cemetery? If not, I'd like to recommend a newly released book from Family Tree Magazine: The Family Tree Cemetery Field Guide. Using this book you can learn more about tombstone symbolism, how to best use the FindaGrave and BillionGraves apps, research strategies, and learning more about death records and all of the clues that they hold.
(By the way, have you read my article on why it's important to walk a cemetery?)
Something I really like about The Family Tree Cemetery Field Guide was the chapter on Preserving Cemeteries. Here, you'll learn the do's and don'ts of preserving cemeteries and old tombstones. As many of the cemeteries I do research in are quite old, this was an especially good chapter for me.
Cemetery Bonus Material
A bonus for cemetery researchers is the material in the back-of-book. This includes
- family group sheet (one of my favorite tools)
- ancestor worksheet
- five-generation chart
- research worksheet
- source citation worksheet
I've been guilty of doing cemetery research and not documenting everything I found. I've tried to break myself of this terrible habit – and having worksheets really does help. Think about how awful it would be to clean a tombstone enough to read an inscription, and then not document what the inscription said!
(By the way, Family Tree Magazine offers a tombstone preservation kit that includes a tombstone-safe cleaner)
I love doing cemetery research and although I've been at it for decades, I still found this book to be useful especially when it comes to creating (and following through with) research strategies.
Cemetery Photography
I'm launching a brand new cemetery photography course in the spring of 2018. Go here to get on the Advance Notification list (no obligation)


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Please sign our guestbook
comment posted by
Karen Keen
on 10-04-2015
My e-mail is email@example.com My postal address is 473 Sri Ayutthaya Bangkok, Thailand 10400 Please email to let me know you received. Thank you so much
comment posted by
Gloria Jean White
on 02-13-2015
Just to say, miss living in Sulphur, and attending church there and singing in the choir. Every person who was there before we moved to Ada, was wonderful and kind, and sweet and thank you for all the nice things did to help me in moving into the apartment before marriage and after got married the kindness of a wedding gift shower, and trust when my husband is not doing relief work for different drug stores maybe again we can be over there and active in choir, church activitys and present for the preaching.
comment posted by
Patty Wells
on 05-08-2014
It is a blessing to walk through your website to see & hear how the Sulphur FUMC is being the head, heart, and hands of Christ. By thinking like Christ, loving like Christ, serving like Christ.


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Doctoral student selected as principal of Santa Monica school
Jezelle Fullwood, a doctoral student in education at the Antelope Valley campus, is the new principal at Grant Elementary School in Santa Monica. Her appointment was featured recently in a story the Santa Monica Mirror.
Fullwood is a member of the "alpha" class of Ed.D. students and is in the process of defending the proposal for her dissertation on "Common Leadership Characteristics of Principals of Successful Turnaround Schools." She has spent the past 10 years in the Palmdale School District, most recently as director of curriculum and instruction.
"I am very excited to join the Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District and the Grant Elementary team!" Fullwood said. "Successfully meeting the needs of a dynamic and diverse student population is what drew me to the district and specifically Grant. As a student, I attended schools in the area of Pacific Palisades and graduated from Pepperdine University. So, after being in the desert for 10 years, I feel like I'm coming home," she told the Mirror.
Become a Student
Have questions about enrollment, degree programs, financial aid, or next steps?


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3 wanted for attacking 65-year-old man at gunpoint
Police are searching for three men who they say attacked and robbed a 65-year-old Bronx man at gunpoint inside his own apartment building.
According to investigators, the suspects were caught on surveillance video following the victim as he made his way to his Morrisania home on East 167th Street. It happened at around 11:30 p.m. on March 30.
They say the victim tried to fight back against the three men when they assaulted him, leaving him with a broken nose and cuts to his face. The suspects ended up stealing a bag of groceries and fled.
All three men are described as being Hispanic, two of them with light skin and the third with a medium complexion. They either wore a hat or had their hood up.
Cops are urging anyone with information to call Crime Stoppers at 1-800-577-TIPS.