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Travel Stories & Experience
Castle in the Sky
Located in the junction of Ya'an and Luding, the Niubei Mountain has risen to fame these years due to its unique geographical location, beautiful sunrise, sea of clouds, light of Buddha and starry night.
General Introduction
China's Top Five Places for the Autumn
It is a good time to see the deep autumn scenery of China in October. The follows are the top five places that are worthwhile to travel in the October.
Travel Stories & Experience
The Mysterious Namsto Lake
Namsto means "heavenly lake". It is one of the three saint lakes of Tibet, covered with a veiling of mystery and sanctity. Namsto Lake occupies a sacred position in the heart of Buddhism followers.
General Introduction
Best Places for Discount Shopping in Shanghai
Known around the world for all the products manufactured in the country, it's no wonder that China is a shopaholics paradise. From local specialties to electronics to antiques, anything you could ever want can be found for sale in China. In major cities like Shanghai and Beijing, people open businesses from all over China and the world to sell their goods. Here are a few places where you can get the best bang for your buck in Shanghai.
General Introduction
China's 7 Most Unique Hotels
Hotels can sometimes take away from the experience of traveling when you stay in a standard room that is pretty much the same worldwide. If you're looking for a unique experience and are willing to splurge a bit, here are some places in China worth taking a look.
General Introduction
China's 5 Must See Temples
Buddhism and Confucianism are a big part of China's culture and history. Although not everyone has the same beliefs, much of China's beliefs and traditions are based on Buddhism and Confucious. They have left their mark throughout China in the form of these amazing structures and artworks, here are five temples that are must-sees in China!
China Cuisines & Food
8 Chinese Dishes That You Will Not Find In China
Like most authentic cuisines - whether it be Italian, French or Vietnamese - it has been manipulated to accommodate the taste buds of the foreign country were it resides. And Chinese cuisine is no different. In China you won't find eggs roll and crab wontons, but rather find simple food. Authentic Chinese food includes plenty of vegetables with a bit of meat served family style so everyone has to sit around the table.
Travel Stories & Experience
Top 10 Things I Miss About China
After living in China for 4 months, returning back home to Canada was a little bittersweet. Although the change of living in another country was hectic and I missed my friends and family, there were a lot of great things about Shanghai that I wish I could bring back to Canada. Here are the 10 things I miss the most about China.
Latest News
6 Chinese Olympic Athletes to Follow on Weibo
The Olympics are back! This year is the 2016 Summer Olympics In Rio de Janeiro and China will be competing in 29 sports with a total of 412 athletes. Here are 6 that you want to follow more closely!
China Top Ancient Towns & Ethnic Villages
4 reasons why Yunnan is China's most beautiful province
Yunnan may not have the Great Wall, but its splendid landscapes and people make it China's most beautiful province.
China Cuisines & Food
5 Trails for Thrill Seekers in China
If you like to live your life on the edge (quite literally), here are 5 places you have to visit in China.
There are a lot of different things you can do and see in Shanghai, but if you want to get away from the hustle and bustle of the city, here are 5 places you can go in a day from Shanghai.
Qing China guarded the secret of tea cultivation closely and no foreigners were allowed to stray from designated treaty ports where tea, as well as porcelain and silk, were traded under close supervision. Then along came Scottish botanist Robert Fortune, a kind of Victorian 007 who was able to infiltrate the Bohea Hills (as Mount Wuyi was known to the West) committing an act of industrial espionage that would change the world – he learned the secrets of tea cultivation and transported the plant to India, thus ending a Chinese monopoly that had persisted for over two millennia.
Foodies from all around the world flock to China to experience the unique flavors of this incredible country. From the salty yet simple flavors of the north to the hot and spicy flavors of central China, every region has its specific taste which foodies love. If you're a foodie, here are some of our favorite Chinese dishes from all over the country for you to try.
Located on China's central coast is the massive city of Shanghai. The city is not only the biggest in the country, but is also a global financial hub. With tourists and travelers flocking to the city's main attractions like the popular Bund, Ya Garden and Xintiandi, the smaller, less popular attractions are often overlooked. These smaller attractions have over the years become some of Shanghai's best kept secrets.
When we think of ancient China, we tend to think of an inward facing culture, an empire possessed by the idea of its own unsurpassable Confucian haughtiness. This is because when Europeans started to arrive in China en masse, Qing China had become a rather xenophobic giant without need for "barbarian inventions" like telescopes or steam engines. When things came to ahead during the first Opium War, China's fleet of wooden war junks were no match for British gunboats. Little Britain showed Big China that maritime dominion now determined who was boss.
The landlocked province of Hunan in south China is synonymous with hot food and hot-tempered locals. Yet beyond the spicy stereotype, it's a fantastically diverse place of beguiling red earth hills, misty waterways and prodigious lakes, the banks of which having nurtured some of China's most celebrated sons and stories. Now the high-speed train is making travel easier than ever. To taste what the lands along the River Xiang have on offer simply hop on and off Harmony Express.
The three best hikes and treks in China that take you to unique and breathtaking landscapes
Being such a massive country, China has so many diverse landscapes. From stunning rice fields and lush national parks, to quaint old towns and vast mountainous regions, these landscapes are all so different, yet beautiful in their own unique way.
Arriving in Kaiping, a small, nondescript town on the eastern edge of the industrial Pearl River Delta region, you'd be forgiven for wondering what all the fuss is about...
Shanghai is home to the finest dumplings in the world. Say hi to Xiao Long Bao and Sheng Jian Bao.
China is the home of cheap clothing and products, but although it seems like everything is made in China, it may not be readily available in China. So leave a section in your luggage for these 5 feminine products that are hard to find.
From the language and culture to the food and festivals, China is a country known for its diversity. With people everywhere, loads of noise and a constant hustle, first time visitors to this country can easily get overwhelmed. Before you land on Chinese soil, here are a few things first time travelers need to know to make your trip to China an awesome one.
Arguably one of the best thing about traveling is eating different and new cuisine! However, would you be up for eating chicken embryo?
With the coming of May, the temperature of most parts of China has reached warm level. The best season to visit China is coming. If you have any plans to travel in China, you'd better grasp the right time.
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We are in good practice of dispatching orders, and we dispatch the same day we receive the orders. The time it takes for delivery is solely depends upon logistics we choose, however averagely it takes 5-7 days to deliver order. For detail information you can visit here.
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Live from Key West...
Ya... Jack and I have gone off to Key West to the 6th annual Bears in the Keys... woohoo!
Sun, beach, pool and furr!!! (<-- oops, copyright material!)
We've decided to take an informal poll of Conch Fritters (a local delicacy) - so far, it's "Jamaica, Jamaica" in the lead, followed by "Two Friends" and (as a far third) "Southernmost Marriot" (not sure of the official name...) Rained yesterday, but I managed to get myself a nasty case of sunburn anyway :(. But thanks to the wizards at Key West Aloe, I'm recovering nicely.
Don't forget to mention to Jack that he looked purty in his black speedos... the rainbo stripes really set off his legs. :)
Well... gotta go and write me some postcards... take care all!


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Pesticide Safety in our Vineyards
Pesticide Safety in our Vineyards October 2016 By Jamie Reamer You might remember seeing an email from me in February about the Department of Pesticide Regulation inspecting farms in the Clarksburg area. Due to an anonymous complaint from one of our neighbors, the State and the Yolo County Ag Department have ramped up inspections in our area. Many of us are safe applicators, who work carefully to ensure the safety of our employees, our neighbors, and our families. Nonetheless, these regulations can be rather specific, and it is easy to be cited for seemingly small oversights. With that in mind, [...]
Favorable Market for Clarksburg Winegrowers
Walnut Grove, Calif.—Clarksburg winegrowers were advised to take advantage of their grape variety and quality strengths to earn higher prices and more recognition in the current grape market. Trends show strong demand for Pinot Noir and sparkling wines, and overall growth for white varietals. Jeff Bitter, VP and grape supply manager with Allied Grape Growers, Fresno, shared the positive message at the annual Clarksburg Grape Day held March 7, presented by the Clarksburg Wine Growers & Vintners Association (CWGVA) and the University of California Cooperative Extension for Sacramento County. Bitter gave an update on California grape supply and wine shipment [...]
Clarksburg wine grape set looks heavy
Tim Waits' wine grape vineyard near Clarksburg, Calif., made it through the spring without getting hit by frost, a change from last year when "our district grapes were damaged pretty significantly by a late frost," says the president of the Clarksburg Wine Growers and Vintners Association. "This year, the set looks really heavy. In fact, it looks like it will be big crop for most of us in this AVA." Waits is also encouraged by the market for wine grapes. "It looks like the market is healthy enough and balanced enough that our growers should be able to sell all [...]
Grape Day
Thank you to everyone for making Grape Day another success. We appreciate all those who attended, and hope you had a informative and enjoyable day. We would also like to thank everyone who donated raffle prizes and to Todd Martin of Agrocrop Insurance for a great lunch! If you missed the Blessing of the Grapes ceremony check out these videos from News 10 & KCRA


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Saturday, 4 January 2014
With production driven by underground grimey, techno-orientated influences, Jam City has brought an innovative, unique sound to the UK Bass scene. The London-based producer is definitely one of my favourites right now and this is supported by his latest release: Night Slugs Club Constructions Vol.6. A somewhat dark, yet enticing EP, Club Constructions Vol.6 follows a similar path to it's predecessor - but with an obscure and brilliant twist to production. The pinnacle of the EP for me is 'Garlands', which merges dark snares, with a compelling synth to form a track that truly exemplifies the varied production in this modern era. If you'd like to check out the whole EP, it's available digitally from Boomkat here for a price of £3.50. A must cop for any avid UK bass/electronic fan. RR: 9/10.
Labels: bass, jam city, mbloggers, night slugs, techno
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The Christmas layout was a page lift from another consultant a few years ago- I don't remember her name but I fell in love with her "joy". The supplies used on that page are the Deck the Halls paper pack, Classic Caps Alphabet, Create a File stamp set, a holiday sentiment set, our foil which is now retired, prisma glitter, white hemp- all from CTMH. The "Cutie" layout uses the Boutique alphabet, some Hollyhock and white daisy just blooms, olive buttons (or garden green?) and a paper pack that I can't for the life of me remember the name of. That ink color is Twilight. Well- I'm off to prep project kits for my customers- I'll be back in a day or two with more art- maybe even something NEW!!
Tuesday, July 22, 2008
a few more from the stack...
Please forgive my layout photos... 1) I don't have a good method for taking decent layout photos due to their size 2) these photos were taken while the layout(s) were stacked in a pile.. not optimal!!
Posted by Traci Godbee at 8:36 PM
1 comment:
- kcacb said...
Addie is so cute...isn't it fun to look at the old pictures and see how fast she's grown?!
- July 27, 2008 at 3:31 AM
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Our largest and most advanced multi-day assault pack positions the water weight around your hips for a lower and more stable center of gravity. Lumbar Reservoir is shaped to site at bottom of pack, transferring weight to hips for better stability. Includes the 3L Mil Spec Antidote™ Lumbar Reservoir with Quick Link™ Exit Port.
3L Mil Spec Antidote™ Long with easy-to-fill and clean wide-mouth opening, rugged and durable material, leak-proof ¼-turn cap, insulated PureFlow™ tube, patented Big Bite™ Valve, Quick Link™ Exit Port and Drink Port, QL HydroLock™ one-handed flow control.
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!


text: English Kuliner Travel Indonesian Street Food Cart Madness April 4, 2014 0 Comment diditho read Today, when I organize my photo collection on my flickr photostream, I found this ridiculous photo from my smartphone. Indonesian Street Food Cart in the middle of a main road in Jakarta,Indonesia. Terimakasih! Share this:PrintEmailFacebookLinkedInTwitterPinterestWhatsAppTelegram


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Saturday, April 14, 2012
New Photo-Based Travel Journal!
Realising that it will take me many years to write up detailed travel stories, I've decided to start a new picture-focused travel blog! It'll also be easier to read in small bite-sized chunks. I still plan on eventually writing up my detailed thoughts and experiences along with a lot of information about the places I've been, but for new, you can see a fun overview of my travels. Please drop by when you get a chance! Thanks!
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My sweet 16 had past and i had a GREAT time with my crazy but lovely friends ;)
i rly rly need to thanks Lara n Amelia for accompanying me through whatever shit that i had...
i appreciated these few nights with u guys,
and of course, thanks to u i'm not afraid of horror movies that much no more :D
had dinner in smokey jacks,
the fresh oyster smells....familiar....XD
the chicken was good, AND MOST IMPORTANTLY
we had tequila shots babay ;)
my best night ever....<3 u guys so fucking much ♥
my best present ever ;)
i look...uh? drunk? haha XD
no one can ever replace u guys <3
ps: screw the ones that hurt us, u hurt my babes, i chop u into pieces!!
is that clear?! HAHA


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I cannot remember the user name/password of my account?
If the problem is just the password then as long as you have the order number and either account email address or user name this can be automatically reset by visiting www.instantssl.com and clicking on the 'forgotten password' link.
This will take you to the automated password reset facility:
If you do not have the details required above, please send an email, from the account administrative email address to email@example.com with as much detail as possible so that we can locate your order. Please remember, if you have never contacted our support before please register on our Support Website before sending that email this will make sure there are no delays in us receiving your request.
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This Case Study Analysis is solely my opinion and idea. Use this as are reference. Do not please copy past this article.
Consider the following bullets and click to see more info
- Starting with the distribution channel structure described in the case study, there are too many avenues in which residential pool owners can receive Soren. Residential pool owners can obtain through mass retailers, pool specialty retailers, or pool service professionals. While 20% of these retailers have their pools serviced by one of the 40,000 to 50,000 pool contractor and service companies, the other 80% are purchasing through mass retailers or pool specialty retailers - both of which are taking a 15% gross margin. Therefore, Soren needs to sell exclusively through the one retail distributors who owns the higher customer base. Soren will then negotiate a smaller gross margin upcharge in exchange for the higher volume the exclusive retailor will realize.
- Soren Chemical is struggling to sell Coracle for a multitude of reasons. Soren's lack of experience in marketing and selling consumer products hinders their ability to inform pool users on Coracle's safety and cost-savings benefits. Coracle needs to inform individual pool owners that maintaining their pool is not just about chlorine and filters. If Coracle were to come out and be the first to inform the masses about the complex system of pumps, chemicals, and UV or ozone technology they would have a leg-up on their competition. Of course, Coracle would need to package this in a concise and easily understandable format. Pulling this off successfully would make the competition appear less knowledgeable. Without any of this, Coracle is just another product that is not differentiated from the other pool cleaners and does not own the lowest price point. When was the last time you chose that product?


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First Flamingo Enterprise B.V.
Rail Atlas
Do you want to know where your railway journey leads you, which stations you will pass? Are you involved in planning? Do you want to access technical details of the railway, like electrification or signaling systems? Are you a railway professional or simply interested?
FirstFlamingo's Rail Atlas will give you a full overview of railways with passenger traffic in the Netherlands. It will show you all railway stations. Rail Atlas lets you choose between four different maps:
- the number of tracks on a route,
- the electrification system,
- the system for automatic train protection,
- the allowed speed.
Map Viewer
FirstFlamingo's Map Viewer shows you one of the most fascinating collaborative maps in the world: OpenStreetMap. With its smooth and seamless zooming and a sparse user interface, Map Viewer does everything to get out of the way between you and a great map experience.
Experience OpenStreetMap


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Learning About Life: New Focus on Service as a Teaching Tool
Three years ago, Pedro P. Reyes was a member of a tough Los Angeles street gang.
He had no plans of finishing high school, much less of going on to college, and he spent his free time "gang banging"--his term for dumping trash cans and vandalizing the city.
Today, Pedro is finishing up his senior year at Belmont High School in Los Angeles with high grades and plans for college study in psychology.
Described by school officials as a "model citizen," Pedro Reyes has been nominated for the first national Youth Volunteer Phil6anthropy Award for work he performed as part of a districtwide program that draws students into community service.
Operating in 22 Los Angeles high schools, the Youth Leadership Program is part of a growing national movement toward school-based community-service projects.
It is an idea many say may offer not only benefits to participants and their communities, but also solutions to some of the social ills that plague too many public schools.
Last month, Vice President George Bush, the Republican Presidential nominee, capped a year of increased political emphaisis on youth service with a proposal that would provide for a federal challenge-grant program to encourage participation by high-school and college students in volunteer work.
His proposal includes a commitment of $100 million in federal funds, to be matched by private funding, that would be made available for such projects as school community-service programs.
According to Frank Slobig, director of Youth Service America, Mr. Bush's proposal was "like gold" to groups such as his, which have long been promoting service as a learning tool.
"Educators have seen school-based service as a peripheral item, not central to their agenda," Mr. Slobig said. "But these proposals on the national level have really increased visibility."
He predicted that "there's going to be a lot of discussion on the issue in the coming year."
'A Most Critical Factor'
Part of that discussion may center on defining the proper components of a school community-service program; much will involve how to fund such initiatives.
Supporters say community service should go hand-in-hand with classroom learning. It can be an effective "learn-by-doing" vehicle, they say, through which schools can teach values and good citizenship without getting into the sticky area of ideology.
Others argue that service also offers job-training opportunities and can teach vocational skills. And there is some research showing that it can be a highly effective dropout-prevention technique as well.
A few educators have criticized policies requiring community service after school, however, because it cuts into the time most students need for part-time work or study.
The ideal school-based service program offers time during the school day to meet that commitment, as well as time in school to reflect and discuss the student's experiences, said Mr. Slobig.
Many after-school programs, he and others pointed out, include minimal pay for the work involved, to supplement time lost from part-time jobs.
But such drawbacks are outweighed, according to Cathryn Berger Kaye, director of the Youth Leadership Program in Los Angeles, by the biggests plus community service offers: its ability to help young people build their self-esteem and to ease the transition into adulthood.
"Every human being has a need to be of use in society," said Ms. Kaye. "This can be the most critical factor in a child's schooling: engaging a young person in a personal educational experience."
"It has made me change," offered Pedro Reyes. "Older people might say that teens are just goof-offs, into gangs and drugs and stuff. But this gives us a chance to prove something, that we can make a change, make our community better."
Popularity Growing
Service has long been included in the curriculum of private and religious schools, but it has not been seen as a top priority in public schools.
The idea gained popularity with the publication in 1983 of High School: A Report on Secondary Education in America, by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching's president, Ernest L. Boyer. That report represented the first national call for public schools to require a certain number of hours of community service as a condition of graduation.
This month, a nationwide "Day in the Life of Youth Service" celebrated the various programs now in place throughout the country.
Based on the comments of participants in that event, which was sponsored by the ysa, Mr. Slobig estimates that most school-based service activity has occurred among individual schools as experimental projects.
About 3,000 junior high and high schools have established some sort of school-based volunteer program, mostly with foundation funding, the ysa estimates. The programs range from after-school service opportunities for academic credit to efforts to bring community service into play throughout the entire curriculum.
At least two districts--the Atlanta and Detroit public schools--require a certain number of hours of after-school community service for graduation, Mr. Slobig said.
Only four states have adopted statewide initiatives to promote or require youth-service opportunities: Connecticut, Maryland, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania.
The main stumbling block, he said, has been money--and the lack of convincing data showing a correlation between community service and academic outcomes.
'A Piece of the Puzzle'
In 1985, David Hornbeck, then superintendent of schools in Maryland, became the first state chief to propose a statewide mandate that schools provide community-service opportunities as elective courses for credit.
"Originally, a lot of people thought that community service was tangential, that it messed up school schedules, and cost money," he said. "But, more and more, people are realizing that the issue of teaching values or attitudes through service is a piece of the school-reform puzzle that is being very successful with kids today."
Compliance with the state mandate was slow, however, until last January, when Mr. Hornbeck hired an unsuccessful Congressional candidate, Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, to coordinate the newly created Maryland Student Service Alliance.
Since then, 10 of the 24 school districts in the state have begun offering service opportunities for credit during the school day, and another six are "moving in that direction," according to Maggie O'Neill, a spokesman for the alliance.
The mandate, however, was not accompanied by state funding. Mr. Hornbeck noted that though the state increased general funds that year for use in such projects, many schools ended up spending the money on other needs or activities they considered more important than service.
'The Hornbeck Effect'
Pennsylvania officials said they hope to avoid that problem--which one called "the Hornbeck effect"--by earmarking specific state grants to set up school-based community-service programs.
This month, Gov. Robert Casey signed into law an initiative creating a new agency within the state government to coordinate and provide grants for school-based service programs.
Known as PennServe, the organization has been promoting service projects in schools for more than a year as an interagency body, relying mostly on private funds.
The amount of state funding it will have available has not yet been determined, according to Gene Linkmeyer, a spokesman, who said the state grants will be used primarily to seed private donations.
According to a PennServe survey, at least one school in 67 of the state's 501 districts has initiated community-service projects so far.
But the idea has not yet sold on the district level, Mr. Linkmeyer said.
"The educational structure doesn't really recognize the values we're talking about here," he noted.
"They are more geared toward testing--filling in little footballs with No. 2 pencils--seeing schools as holding cells for working parents, and having an instructional mentality," he added. "It's tough to get them to talk about the socializing factor" involved with the service issue.
Incentives and Fellowships
In Minnesota, where Gov. Rudy Perpich has placed the issue high on his agenda, legislation was passed last year providing state incentives--50 cents per student affected--for schools that develop Youth Development Plans, which often include a community-service component.
Officials say about 100 school districts in the state have put some sort of service program into effect in schools this fall, with most offering community service as an elective class for credit.
The state board of education is currently considering a mandate like Maryland's. But Ted L. Suss, administrator for the state board, said that would depend on whether or not the state provides further resources for schools to comply with the requirement.
Connecticut has offered state funds to support school-service programs, but has no requirement.
This year, legislation was passed creating two $100,000 fellowship programs--one for elementary and secondary schools, and one for higher education--that would pilot-test the community-service concept.
'A Double Bang'
Among individual school programs, one of the most popular trends has been peer tutoring, which Mr. Slobig of ysa said offers schools "a double bang for their buck."
For the past four years, the Valued Youth Partnership Program in San Antonio has targeted at-risk youths at high schools and middle schools in five districts to serve as tutors in elementary schools.
Funded by the Coca Cola Foundation with a $100,000 grant, the program is aimed at curbing the 45-percent dropout rate in the districts, especially among Hispanic youths, according to Alicia Salinas Sosa, the program's coordinator.
The biggest benefit has been the growth of participants' "self-concept," Ms. Sosa said, but it has also helped the students--both tutor and tutored--stay in school.
In the second year of the program, which included 100 students, six of the tutors dropped out. Last year, with 150 tutors in the program, none dropped out.
"These students learn that they have skills, that they're smart," Ms. Sosa said. "They also realize, being behind a teacher's desk, how hard it is to try to teach an unwilling learner."
A Curriculum-Wide Plan
In Colorado, Don L. Joiner, principal of the Challenger Middle School in Colorado Springs, has been the first to incorporate community service into the entire school curriculum.
Three years ago, Mr. Joiner established the hugss program, which stands for Helping Us Grow through Service and Smiles. It is completely funded by the district.
Pupils are divided into three grade-level teams, each of which adopts a certain community agency to work with throughout the year.
But all of their work is brought back into the classroom for discussion, a factor that all supporters of school-based service say is vital to its success.
Mr. Joiner said his next step is to evaluate the effect of the service experience on his students. But he added: "My gut feeling is that this makes sense."
Vol. 08, Issue 08
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Deadline for the 2019 San Diego Jewish Film Festival; Narrative and Documentary Feature is September 2, 2018.
Please label your screener with the title, director's name, running time, language, and whether or not the film is subtitled.
Ship To:
San Diego Jewish Film Festival
Lawrence Family JCC
4126 Executive Drive
La Jolla, CA 92037-1338
Submit viewing link/password through email: email@example.com
Narrative and Documentary Feature Film:
San Diego Jewish Film Festival Short Film Showcase: The Joyce Forum Shorts Festival and Brews and Views
• DVD, NTSC, and PAL.
• Password protected/private online links from Vimeo, Youtube, distributor/filmmaker viewing link.
Please include, along with the screener, the following information:
• Print source: name, address, phone, e-mail, and web site address.
• Director, country of origin, year, running time, language(s), and format the print is available on for festival screenings (DCP, Bluray, DVD, etc.).
• Synopsis of film.
• Filmmaker's contact information and bio.
• Any publicity, including press reviews, awards, award nominations, premiere dates and city, and/or any other relevant press materials.
If you wish for the screener(s) to be returned, please also enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope for its return after our selection process is complete. If no return envelope or request is included, the screener will be kept until our selection process is completed and then discarded to protect your rights.
Screener(s) shipping costs, to and from the SDJFF, should be paid by the sender. We do not return screener(s) unless you include a self-addressed, stamped envelope with your entry.
Please send the following electronically:
• At least one image from the film. Please send high resolution (300 dpi or higher) photos.
• A director photo. (Required for Joyce Forum submissions.)
Artwork being submitted electronically can only be accepted in the following formats:
• Microsoft Word, RTF, PDF, or plain ASCII text.
• Digital film stills are accepted in either TIFF or JPEG format at 300 dpi or higher, via e-mail (files over 4MB cannot be accepted by email) or sent on CD/DVD-ROM.
Copyright © 2018 Lawrence Family Jewish Community Center


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Summer Solstice and Super Moon
Isn't it weird that both of these are like back to back this year? I thought so.
I have always been intrigued by Stonehenge. Always. The fact that it was built thousands of years ago without the aid of modern technology amazes me. But the people back then had a purpose behind the construction. Their beliefs in their gods.
Magic is in the air! Suppose to be tonight on the 21st but I've also seen the 23rd as the date too but it doesn't matter.
Sooooo, do you believe in the power 'Magic' of this time?
I suppose it's all in the eye of the beholder!
P.S. If you like magic, be sure and check out my books. Dragon Wish and Enchanted both have a ton of magic in them! Just click on the link on the right side bar.
Hugs and Blessings!


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When food supplies are limited, an average adult can get by for a long period of time on about half their normal consumption. On the other hand, infants and young children cannot. Additionally, the elderly or sick have special dietary needs of their own. So, when going about creating your stash of food, choose products that do not require cooking or refrigeration. This means canned, dried, freeze-dried foods and MRE's (Meals Ready to Eat).
MRE's were once only available to the military as daily rations, but the public can now obtain similar products. They are complete, balanced meals or meal components packed in nitrogen or oxygen. Some even come with heater packs for cooking. While expensive, they are portable, superbly packaged and practically last forever!
You may also find something similarly long-lasting and pre-packaged in your grocery store. Check the "prepared foods" isle and read the labels; some are for long-term storage more than others. This type of food is less economical than MRE's or canned goods. Avoid buying specially prepared food with which you are not familiar; it will be expensive and may be a disappointment during a time of stress.
Instead, select three or four days of non-perishable goods you know your family will enjoy and that fall in line with what you normally eat. If you need a jump start, use your pantry inventory to give you some indication of the types of food your family likes. Build from there using the suggestions below and store everything in a cool, dark place.
- Canned fruits, vegetables and meats (those with pull-top covers eliminate the need for a can opener)
- Dried fruits and nuts
- Protein bars
- Healthy cereal (nuts mean additional protein)
- Comfort food – trail mix or easily portable foods that have good nutritional content for caloric
- A few "junk food" treats to boost morale
Food in the Freezer
If you are home or someplace where there is food in a freezer, anticipate it lasting up to 72 hours without power. The variation in the number of hours depends on how well the freezer is sealed, the outside temperature and how often you open the door.
REMEMBER: You may have frozen leftovers or precooked foods that were intended for future use. An emergency qualifies as a good time to use them.
Cooking Outdoors
In a real emergency you can usually expect to be without power, yet that does not mean cooking is out of the question. Having some way to boil water, make coffee and have a hot meal can do wonders for morale. If you are able get set up for cooking during a catastrophe you can considerably expand your emergency food list.
Barbecues are naturally at home in the out-of-doors, but backpacking and car camping stoves, fueled by small cans of propane, are inexpensive alternatives as well.
Sterno® is a petroleum product often seen in special canisters for keeping food warm at buffets. These small, lightweight containers can provide cooking heat (approx. 200° F) for about 45 minutes, which is high enough to get a slow simmer going. These canisters can be found at supermarkets.
Sterno® also makes a stove (retailing for around $10) that holds the can, making it a lot easier and safer to use. Both the stove and canisters can be found at sporting goods and camping supply stores. Of course, the Sterno® stoves should only be used outdoors.


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Ruggero Taradel
Project Description
Lecturer, Dept. of French and Italian
Contact Information:
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: (206) 616-1241
Office: Padelford C-237
|More Information:
Personal Website
Faculty Profile
Ruggero Taradel received his laurea as Doctor in Literature and Philosophy with high honors (cum laude) at the University of Rome "La Sapienza" in 1992 with the interdisciplinary dissertation Paul Tillich's Hermeneutics in History of Christianity and Theoretical Philosophy.
He is presently a Lecturer for the Jewish Studies Program, as well as for the Division of French and Italian Studies, where he has been teaching courses in Italian Cultural History, Church and State in Italy and Italian Language.
He is a member of the scientific committee of the International Journal of Philosophy and Psychology (Rivista Internazionale di Filosofia e Psicologia) and of the Foundation for Religious and Anthropological Research "Alfonso Di Nola".
He was nominated for the Distinguished Teaching Award at the University of Washington in 2010.
Anti-Semitism as a Christian Problem- JewDub Talks 2013


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There's nothing worse during half term than hearing the kids say the dreaded words "I'm bored!" so when we were asked to take part in some activities from the Flora Family Fun Guide we jumped at the chance.
The guide is filled with recipes and craft ideas all aimed at children of varying ages meaning there is something for everyone and they were kind enough to send us everything we needed to complete five different activities.
Here's what we got up to during the week.
The kids absolutely loved the baking and eating the yummy treats afterwards and the crafts were a great success. Pop over to www.flora.com for lots of yummy recipes and activities to keep your little ones entertained.


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Tuesday, May 22, 2012
Lunch Box (Dosirak)
46 comments:
- opportunityknits said...
This lunch box has ALL my fave food (haha I have lots of fave food), I LOVE it. Wish I could be eating this for lunch today :)
I like my kimchi kind of sweet, so I'm going to try frying kimchi with sugar, but I'm sure that I'm going to love it. Thanks for sharing!
- May 22, 2012 at 7:25 PM
As an ESL teacher, I would always feel sympathy for the Korean students as they peered hopefully into their lunch boxes provided by the homestay families. The disappointment on their faces would be evident as they found yet another sandwich. If they were really lucky they may got some leftovers with rice, but very rarely would they get the kind of wonderful lunch you show here. Those that lived in their own apartments would make their own lunches and we would all swoon!
- May 22, 2012 at 8:23 PM
do you buy the chopped kimchi already prepared? if so , what brand and style do you like to use for this ?
- May 23, 2012 at 8:46 AM
- Bo said...
You can use any kind of kimchi you have at hand. Just make sure to chop it into bite size pieces before frying.
- May 23, 2012 at 10:13 AM
what brand of rice you prefer for this?
do you think it is best if the rice is a day old so it dries out a bit?
our kimchi is not orange like that , do you add some sort of red pepper paste? any details would be helpful .
- May 24, 2012 at 9:00 AM
- kero said...
looks so yummy and healthy, too! fried kimchi is the best. and the egg on top! perfect.
- May 24, 2012 at 7:57 PM
- Veronica said...
Hi Bo and Jeana,
I'm the Director of Content at Gojee.com, where we showcase curated recipes from the best food blogs.
We reviewed your blog and would love to include your recipes! Gojee features the photo, a description, and a link to the original post.
You can find our roster of featured bloggers here: http://www.gojee.com/bios/bloggers
Please let me know if you're interested or have any questions!
Hope to hear from you soon,
- May 25, 2012 at 11:30 AM
- Sasha said...
i love this! i am definitely going to rock a lunch box this summer (and hopefully one with some fresh cherries for dessert).
- May 28, 2012 at 3:34 AM
- HaniFlash said...
hello, I am in love with your blog and the way you take those pictures! how can I subscribe to your posts? :)
- June 18, 2012 at 6:04 AM
- Uvita - juegos gratis said...
- June 27, 2012 at 7:38 PM
- Floortje said...
I really like your blog dear!
Keep posting, you do it great!! :)
- July 15, 2012 at 7:18 AM
- Théa Unknown said...
Looks so tasty!
My boyfriend is korean and I love korean food!
I follow your blog now :)
Théa Unknown
- July 20, 2012 at 6:19 AM
nice post with great pics. we dont do lunchboxes too often but we might consider now. ^^
- July 21, 2012 at 5:26 PM
thanks for sharing.
- July 26, 2012 at 5:49 PM
- Camila Faria said...
These vintage lunch boxes are amazing. And the food looks incredible!
- September 27, 2012 at 12:11 PM
Looking forward to your next posting soon. It's been too long!
- September 30, 2012 at 8:23 AM
- Snoskred said...
I hope all is ok. I have been missing your posts.
I was just dropping by to let you know, I finally fixed up my blogroll page and you're on it. I read your blog in my blog reader whenever you post, I get a copy. :)
- November 3, 2012 at 3:43 AM
- Jane Reggievia said...
oh I know "dosirak" from watching We Got Married - YongSeo Couple episodes. They eat something in a lunch box then you have to shake it first before enjoy the meal. It looks find and I don't know we can make own "dosirak" at home! :D thanks for the recipe! <3 anyway, you shud write moreee, I love your blog (:
- January 8, 2013 at 4:46 PM
- Rachel said...
I've been curious about cooking with lotus root. Thanks for this great recipe!
- January 25, 2013 at 2:20 PM
We bumped into your blog and we really liked it - great recipes YUM YUM.
We would like to add it to the Petitchef.com.
We would be delighted if you could add your blog to Petitchef so that our users can, as us,
enjoy your recipes.
Petitchef is a french based Cooking recipes Portal. Several hundred Blogs are already members
and benefit from their exposure on Petitchef.com.
To add your site to the Petitchef family you can use http://en.petitchef.com/?obj=front&action=site_ajout_form or just go to Petitchef.com and click on "Add your site"
Best regards,
- February 4, 2013 at 12:43 PM
- Joseph Chai-Whan Kim said...
Looks absolutely delicious! I love all the photos and the presentation.
- February 16, 2013 at 7:46 PM
- Heather said...
Oh wow they are too cute!
- February 21, 2013 at 4:31 PM
- Kstylick said...
Truly seems delicious. Maybe we could follow each other on Bloglovin and/or GFC?
Please leave me a comment on my blog and I will follow you!
- March 4, 2013 at 2:52 AM
- Joseph C. Kim said...
I really hope to try this soon when I get a time this weekend. Need to shop at H-mart to get some ingredients
- May 1, 2013 at 12:54 PM
- Valentina Duracinsky said...
How lovely!
Valentina Duracinsky Blog
- June 25, 2013 at 12:26 PM
- caesar agus said...
very interesting recipe, your account after reading the reviews I felt there was a new spirit and a very colorful
thank you for his review .. Greetings, and share
Crispy Chilli Chicken |
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Spicy Pickled Vegetables |
Bean Sprout Rolls With Spicy Sauce |
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Braised Carp With Hot Bean Paste |
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- September 17, 2013 at 6:20 AM
- Iwona said...
Cool blog! I greet:)
- September 18, 2013 at 10:51 AM
- Sarah Pilgrem said...
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F35 News Feed
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04/28/2019 Read More >>
The F-35 is a unique military aircraft manufacturing and sustainment program. With the three major U.S. military services and several U.S. allies buying this multi-domain "flying combat system," the suppliers to the program represent many of the most advanced military aircraft developers, suppliers and sustainers in the world. Get all the information you need to know about the F-35 program on Second Line of Defense.


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Summer in English countryside retreat, May 20-23rd.
£1,600.00 Sold Out
This May, I´m thrilled to be running a "A Summer in the english country side retreat, in collaboration with the lovely husband and wife team behind Fore/Adventure, and with the darling Linda Lomelino as our guest teacher.
We´ll be put our bags down for the weekend in a stately home, right on edge of a beautiful sandy beach in the south east of England.
Our days will be spent foraging, cooking, styling, photographing and telling visual stories.
Local lobsters will appear on the menu, and so will champagne, al fresco dining under the stars is a must, and so is cooking on the beach!
Jade and Dan, from Fore/Adventure will guide us through the beautiful landscape on morning and afternoon foraging adventures. And Linda Lomelino, who is a Swedish baker extraordinaire, from the blog Call me a cupcake, and with three cookbooks out, will tell her story, and share her magical eye in styling and photographing baked goods with us.
Evenings will be spent around the fireplace, with opens doors to the garden, sipping to tea, with discussions on photography, branding, cookbook writing, photography, social media, foraging, cooking and post processing of images with Lightroom.
Each day will have sections both outside and inside our lovely home away from home during our stay, depending on the weather.
And each evening will be rounded off with a candlelit dinner prepared with seasonal local produce, in collaboration between Fore and Adventure and my darling friend Heather Whitehead, from the Wonky cake co, who´s been cooking and baking delicious food and cakes for all my retreats this year.
No previous photo or styling knowledge needed.
Location: Studland Bay House, Dorset, United Kindom
Accomodation: 3 nights
Date: 20-23rd of May, 2016
Check in: From 4pm on the 20th or May, 2016
Check out: 10:00 am on the 23rd of May, 2016
Fee: See price and room options.
Note: This is a non refundable retreat, so make sure before you purchase your spot that the dates work.
In the case of illness etc, we are more than happy to transefer you on to our next retreat, or feel free to sell your spot to someone else.


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My elderly mother, who is in significant pain because of sciatica, ordered this item in desperation. She changed her mind before she received the product and called the company to cancel the shipment and get a proper refund.
However, customer "service" kept her on hold for 45 minutes straight and when someone finally picked up, the person on the other end bullied her into keeping the order. This company is more concerned about ripping off a customer base who is sincerely seeking alternatives to crippling physical pain than service.
Thank you Omega XL for renewing a lack of faith in companies that allegedly "serve" health care and remind the rest of us that profit is more important than the welfare of human beings.
Reason of review: Poor customer service.
Monetary Loss: $54.
Preferred solution: Full refund.
I didn't like: Poor customer service.
Thank God I read these reviews. I was considering ordering but now I won't!!!
This is the same Company that distributes Garcinia Ginko and works the same way when dealing with the consumer. Quick to take the credit card and somehow record your number so when you call back to complain about them recharging your credit card they never answer the phone.
I had to cancel my card and get a new card re issued to get the charges to stop.
You would be a fool to order anything from this company. BUYER BEWARE !!!!
I do feel sorry that your mother didn't even give herself the opportunity to try out the Amazing Omega XL, Let me say that I work in the Sales Dept. And never has a Management berated me for not reaching my CTO they promote, motivate, inspire and value our services, our goal is to convey the information and offer the best price and convenient ways to purchase Omega XL so that like towsands of other customers may also have a life free of pain.
I take many calls from customers who are enjoying a great life thanks to Omega XL because they have followed the directions and have allowed the time to let Omega XL get in their system and fight the inflammation that's causing the pain. I'm not being paid for this I'm just letting you know exactly the way it happens


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In re: Exide Technologies, 08-1872
Issued June 01, 2010
Heard in U.S. 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals
Summary In a Chapter 11 case, the District Court's affirmance of the Bankruptcy Court's grant of Debtor's motion to reject an agreement to sell substantially all of its industrial battery business on the ground that the agreement was an executory contract, subject to rejection under 11 U.S.C. section 365(a), and that rejection terminated the debtor's obligations under it, is vacated and remanded as: 1) the agreement is not an executory contract because it does not contain at least one ongoing material obligation for the other party; and 2) because the agreement is not an executory contract, the debtor cannot reject it. Read More


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Hoover WindTunnel 2 Whole House Rewind Bagless Upright Vacuum UH71250
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There isn't a lot of civilization above the gas giant's warm clouds, but the locals have planted trees on the floating chunks of carbon fiber that serve as dry land up here. And Kim's fuel station always has delicious, hot coffee. I have no idea where he gets it. But I recommend a pit stop there if you're passing through.
Daniel Iulian Vijoi is a concept artist who works on videogames, and also does illustration and photography. You can see more of his colorful, dreamy work on his website.
(Spotted on Concept Ships!)


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Over the last several years as I've been a continuity editor for authors, I've created several Style Sheets for authors. Normally, I get the book about the Beta Reader stage, ask the author a few questions (You've got three different spellings of Bridget, which do you want to use?), make a quick Style Sheet, and the pass that on to the final editor. Then, for the rest of the books in the series, the final editor and I keep building on the series Style Sheet. This is quick, easy, and painless. It only involves the author and two editors.
But this summer, I began editing for a website overhaul. My church has a very large website with hundreds of resources, articles, and About pages. We are completely rebuilding it and revamping it. "Putting a new coat of paint on it," as my pastor said. For such a large site, we've split the editing work among a team of editors. But, as the lead editor, it's my job to codify our style. This is so completely different than Style Sheets that I've worked on in the past. Besides the fact that I am the one making the decisions, not the author, I've also got to manage several different editors, figuring out their strengths, and assigning tasks according to those.
Oh, did I mention the editing team is made up exclusively of women in my family and my high school English teachers? It feels a bit odd to be the lead on this, telling my mom and one of the associate pastors of the church what grammar rules we will follow.
It has definitely been an interesting job. But I've been having so much fun; I wouldn't trade this for the world.
Picture: what I feel like in the presence of people who taught me grammar. Not that they've made me feel this way. This is just how I view myself. That's my rascally son, Monkey, in church.


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- Research article
- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
A portrait of single and multiple HPV type infections in Brazilian women of different age strata with squamous or glandular cervical lesions
© Resende et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
- Received: 29 August 2013
- Accepted: 9 April 2014
- Published: 22 April 2014
Cervical cancer ranks third in prevalence and fourth as cause of death in women worldwide. In Brazil, 17,540 women were diagnosed in 2012 with the disease. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is a necessary condition for the development of pre-invasive and invasive cervical neoplasia. Currently, over 100 HPV types have been identified, but HPV16 and 18 are recognized as the mayor culprits in cervical carcinogenesis. Our objective was to assess the relationships between single- (ST) and multiple-type (MT) HPV infections with patients' age and lesion pathological status.
328 patients with either squamous or glandular intraepithelial or invasive cervical lesion were selected. All subjects were tested for HPV genotypes with reverse hybridization for 21 high- (hr-HPV) and 16 low-risk (lr-HPV) probes. Prevalence of ST and MT HPV infections was compared across histological types and age strata.
287 (87%) women had at least one HPV type detected and 149 (52%) had MT infections. The most prevalent HPV type was HPV16, present in 142 cases (49% of all HPV-positive cases), followed by HPV58, 52, 31, 35 and 33. HPV18, in single or multiple infections, occurred in 23 cases (8% of hr-HPV cases). Almost all glandular lesions were associated with HPV16 and 18 alone. Multiple infections were significantly more prevalent in squamous than in glandular lesion for HPV16 and 18 (P = 0.04 and 0.03 respectively). The prevalence of MT infections followed a bimodal distribution; peaking in women younger 29 years and in those aged 50 to 59.
Our data indicate that prevention strategies for pre-invasive and invasive squamous lesions should be focused on HPV16 and a few alpha-9 HPV types. It is clear to us that in young women, prophylaxis must cover a large amalgam of HPV types beyond classic HPV16 and 18.
- Human Papillomavirus
- Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
- Genotype
- Prevalence
- Age
Cervical cancer is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, being recognized as the fourth cause of death due to cancer in women. It is the second more prevalent type of cancer in women 44 years old or younger [1]. Brazilian estimates for 2012 show that roughly 17,540 women will be diagnosed with the disease in the country [2], with an estimated risk of 17 cases in 100,000 women.
High-risk human Papillomavirus (hr-HPV) persistent infection is considered the causal factor for pre invasive and invasive cervical carcinoma [3]. More than 100 HPV types have been identified and 40 are sexually transmitted [4]. High-grade intraepithelial lesion and invasive carcinoma, either squamous or glandular, are mostly associated with oncogenic HPV types included in alpha-9 (HPV 16, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58 and 67) and alpha-7 (HPV 18, 39, 45, 59, 68 and 70) species, considering that the types belonging to a species have 80% of genetic similarity [5]. Among these types, HPV 16 and 18 infections, followed by HPV 31 and 45 are found in more than 80% of cervical cancer specimens [6–9]. The prevalence of alpha 7-HPV types is lower than that of alpha-9 types, but HPV types from both species are associated with stable and persistent infections [10]. In healthy women, the prevalence of hr-HPV follows a bimodal distribution, peaking in women aged 20 to 24 years and in those aged 50 to 54; multiple-type (MT) HPV infection is more prevalent in women 30 years old or younger [11].
Single type (ST)-HPV 16 and 18 infections have been unequivocally linked to high-grade lesions (either cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or in situ adenocarcinoma (AIS)) and invasive squamous/glandular cervical cancer (CC). MT-HPV has been observed in women with persistent infections, but its relationship with cervical carcinogenesis has not been established [12]. Importantly, there is no consensus whether MT-HPV infections harbouring HPV16/18 and other HPV types are associated with higher risk of carcinogenesis than ST-HPV16/18 infections [13]. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of ST and MT-HPV infections in women with squamous and glandular lesions of different age strata. Our objectives were to evaluate whether ST and MT differed 1) in its association with the type of the cervical lesion and 2) according to the patients age.
Three-hundred twenty-eight Brazilian women with CIN, AIS, squamous or glandular CC were included. Diagnoses were obtained with diathermic conization (either LEEP or LLETZ). The women included in this study were treated in two different urban centres: 118 cases at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil and 210 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. All women first attended a primary screening program and were referred to the institutions aforementioned because they had abnormal cytological (Pap smear) results. Pap smear results were classified as: inflammatory, squamous and glandular lesions. The visit at the referral institutions comprised colposcopy and collection of a second Pap test. This study was approved by the respective Institution's Internal Review Boards of the two institutions (Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Goiânia, Goiânia, Goias, Brazil, and Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil) and all selected women voluntarily signed an informed consent form prior to enrolment.
Sample processing and DNA extraction
The cervical specimens for HPV-DNA were obtained with an endocervical brush, and stored in a 1-mL tube containing Specimen Transport Medium (STM, QIAGEN Biotechnology Brazil Ltd.). Aliquots of 200 mL of the STM were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 13,000 g. Supernatants were immediately removed and the cellular pellets were split into two parts and stored at -80°C until re-suspension in 200 μL of digestion solution (1 mM Tris, 200 mg of proteinase K/μL, and 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulphate). Digestion was performed at 55°C for 2 hours and was followed by a 5-minute incubation at 95°C to inactivate proteinase K. Nucleic acids were then purified by phenol-chloroform extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. After the DNA pellet had dried, it was dissolved in 100 μL of Tris/EDTA (1 mM and 100 μM, respectively, pH 8.2).
HPV-DNA testing
HPV DNA of samples was amplified using the Linear Array HPV Test (LA, Roche Molecular Diagnostic, Pleasanton, USA) for genotyping, based on the principle of DNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This test detects 21 hr-HPV probes (hr-HPV 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 73, 82 and IS39) and 16 low-risk-HPV probes (HPV6, 11, 40, 42, 48, 54, 55, 57, 61, 62, 70, 71, 81, 83, 84 and CP6108). The amplification profile was: activation of AmpliTaq Gold for 9 minutes at 95°C, denaturation for 1 minute at 95°C, annealing for 1 minute at 55°C and extension at 72°C for 1 minute, for a total of 40 cycles, followed by a 5-minute terminal extension step at 72°C. Amplicons were denatured in 0.4 N NaOH. In a reverse-line blot assay, 40 μL of the denatured product were added to 3 mL of hybridization buffer containing the HPV genotypes and 2 concentrations of the β-globin probes, immobilized on nylon strips. Positive hybridization was detected by streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase-mediated colour precipitation on the membrane at the probe line. In specimens that were considered HPV-negative, the 2 β-globin lines (high and low copies) either appeared at levels comparable with those of positive controls or were re-amplified. Only cases that had satisfactory β-globin levels were included in the study. A HPV infection was classified as single and multiple infections. Multiple infections include the association with hr and/or lr-HPV types.
All women had a cervical smear and the results of cervical smears were classified in accordance with the 2001 Bethesda System [14]. Squamous cell abnormalities less severe than invasive carcinoma were classified as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). For statistical purposes, ASC-US was grouped with LSIL and ASC-H with HSIL. Endocervical glandular cell abnormalities less severe than invasive adenocarcinoma are classified into atypical glandular cells (AGC), AGC associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (AGC-HSIL) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS).
Cervical conization specimens, obtained with either Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) were obtained from all patients. The specimens were reviewed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria [15] and were classified as: CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, invasive squamous CC or in situ (AIS) and invasive adenocarcinoma. Three-hundred and five (93%) women had squamous and 23 (7%) had glandular lesions. In women with squamous lesions, 82 (25%) had CIN1, 61 (19%) CIN2, 159 (48%) CIN3, and 3 (<1%) had CC. In those with glandular lesions, 13 (4%) had AIS and 10 (3%) had CC. For statistical purposes, CIN 2, CIN3 and CC were grouped as CIN2 or worse (223 cases (68%).
Statistical analysis
Women distribution according to cytology and age and histology results
Squamous lesions
Glandular lesions
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
37 (11)
19 (23)
6 (10)
12 (7)
Squamous lesions
46 (14)
26 (32)
8 (13)
12 (8)
169 (52)
22 (27)
37 (61)
103 (65)
3 (100)
3 (24)
1 (10)
Glandular lesions
65 (20)
15 (18)
9 (15)
27 (17)
8 (60)
6 (60)
6 (2)
1 (1)
4 (2)
1 (8)
5 (1)
1 (1)
1 (8)
3 (30)
AGE (years)
≤ 19
12 (4)
5 (6)
3 (5)
3 (2)
1 (33)
107 (32)
35 (43)
22 (36)
48 (31)
1 (8)
1 (10)
87 (27)
22 (26)
16 (27)
42 (26)
1 (33)
5 (38)
1 (10)
74 (22)
13 (16)
15 (24)
40 (25)
4 (30)
2 (20)
36 (11)
7 (9)
3 (5)
19 (12)
2 (16)
5 (50)
≥ 60
12 (4)
2 (3)
7 (4)
1 (33)
1 (8)
1 (10)
328 (100)
82 (100)
61 (100)
159 (100)
3 (100)
13 (100)
10 (100)
Multiplicity of HPV infection according to histopathology
HPV infection
Squamous lesions
Glandular lesions (AIS and CC)
CIN3 and CC
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
HPV detectable
60 (74)
55 (90)
154 (95)
18 (78)
Single type (ST)
26 (43)
22 (40)
77 (50)
13 (72)
Multiple type (MT)
34 (57)
33 (60)
77 (50)
5 (28)
HPV not detectable
22 (26)
6 (10)
8 (5)
5 (22)
82 (100)
61 (100)
162 (100)
23 (100)
HPV types in single and multiple infections
HPV type
ST infection
MT infections
n (%)
n (%)
61 (43)
81 (57)
12 (27)
33 (73)
9 (26)
25 (74)
11 (34)
21 (66)
6 (22)
21 (78)
7 (26)
20 (74)
4 (17)
19 (83)
3 (14)
18 (86)
3 (21)
11 (79)
2 (20)
8 (80)
2 (20)
8 (80)
Other hr-HPV
10 (17)
49 (83)
Any hr-HPV
130 (47)
148 (53)
3 (27)
5 (63)
1 (100)
Other lr-HPV
4 (8)
48 (92)
Any lr-HPV
8 (13)
53 (87)
Any HPV
138 (48)
149 (52)
Single and multiple type HPV infection status according to histopathological diagnoses
HPV type
Type of infection
CIN2 or worse
Glandular (AIS and CC)
(n = 60)
(n = 209)
(n = 18)
CIN 1 vs CIN 2 or worse
CIN 2 or worse vs glandular
6 (10)
45 (22)
10 (55)
13 (22)
64 (31)
4 (22)
12 (6)
8 (13)
24 (11)
1 (5)
9 (4)
5 (8)
19 (9)
4 (7)
7 (3)
5 (8)
16 (8)
2 (3)
4 (2)
7 (12)
13 (6)
1 (5)
1 (<2)
6 (3)
2 (3)
17 (8)
1 (<2)
3 (17)
2 (3)
3 (<2)
4 (22)
2 (1)
7 (12)
10 (5)
1 (5)
3 (<2)
2 (3)
8 (4)
1 (5)
2 (1)
3 (5)
6 (3)
1 (<2)
1 (<1)
3 (5)
5 (2)
6 (10)
4 (2)
13 (22)
34 (16)
1 (5)
Any hr-
22 (37)
95 (45)
13 (72)
34 (57)
110 (53)
5 (28)
2 (3)
1 (<1)
2 (3)
3 (<2)
1 (<1)
6 (10)
4 (2)
15 (25)
34 (16)
1 (5)
Any HPV
26 (43)
99 (47)
13 (72)
34 (57)
110 (53)
5 (28)
Figure 1 shows the proportion of MT HPV infections as related to patient age. MT infections are the most prevalent in women <29 years of age. At the strata age of 40–49 years threshold, the prevalence of ST and MT swaps in favour of ST infections. Another shift occurs at 50–59 years threshold, but the prevalence of MT infections is reduced again in older (≥60 years) women.
In this study on 328 Brazilian women with pre-invasive and invasive squamous and glandular lesions, 43% of the women were detected with HPV16, but only 18.5% of the women had HPV16 as ST infection. HPV16 was followed in prevalence by other alpha-9 HPV types, and HPV18 appeared only in the seventh position. Women with squamous lesions had a higher proportion of MT infections (most frequent associations were HPV 16/52, 16/58 and 16/18) compared to their counterparts with glandular lesions, despite the small number of glandular samples. Women with glandular lesions, by their turn, most likely had ST HPV16 or 18. A bimodal prevalence curve for MT infections shows prevalence peaks at a very young (<29 years) age and in women 50–59 years of age.
In this mostly urban study, HPV infection with HPV16, followed by HPV58, 52, 31, 35 and 33, were typical. The most common HPV types are essentially from the alpha-species, which are the most frequently detected types in women with squamous lesions. Simonella et al. [16] found similar trends in New Zealander women with CIN2 or worse aged 20–69 years, for whom HPV16 was the most prevalent HPV type detected (found in 44.1% of the women) followed by HPV52 (16.8%), HPV31 (15.2%), HPV33 (11.8%), HPV18 (11.3%) and HPV58 (10.1%). Quint et al. [17] found that the most common HPV type in women with CIN3 was HPV16, accounting for 56.9% of ST and MT infections. This type followed by HPV31 (10.0%), 52 (8.4%) and 18 (4.6%). In their study, only two CIN3 samples were positive for any single lr-HPV: HPV6 was detected in both cases as a ST infection. Kirschner et al. [18] studied 266 Danish women with CIN2 and/or CIN3 and seven with AIS. In that sample, 77.9% of the women were diagnosed with a ST infection. The most prevalent HPV types were: HPV16, detected >50% of the sample, followed by HPV33, 31, 18 and 52. Only 21.4% were diagnosed with MT infections. We could identify that the prevalence of HPV types in women with squamous cervical lesions differs from that in women with normal cervix. In a previous study with 1,509 Brazilian healthy young women without cervical lesions of five different centres, aged 15 to 25 years, we found an overall prevalence of HPV of 29.7%. The most prevalent HPV type was HPV16, followed by HPV51, 52, 31 and 68 [19]. Among 8,656 healthy Danish women aged 20 to 29 years, the prevalence of HPV types in decreasing rank was HPV16 followed by HPV31, 52, 51, 33, 39, 45 and 56 [10]. In their study, women infected by alpha-9 HPV species were at a higher risk of developing CIN2 or worse lesion during a 10-year follow-up period [10].
In our study, squamous lesions were associated with a higher prevalence of MT infections compared to women with glandular lesions. It remains largely unknown whether MT infections are associated with a higher risk of developing squamous cervical lesions. In our study, in spite of the limited sample size, we found no difference in ST and MT prevalence comparing women with CIN1 with those with CIN2 or worse. By contrast, Pista et al. [12], studying Portuguese women, found a significant association between MT infections and disease severity. Argyri et al. [11] also found that MT infections were significantly more common in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions compared with healthy women. In another study with women undergoing colposcopy for ASCUS/LSIL, Balbi et al. (2012) [20] concluded that the infection with multiple HPV types is a significant risk factor for high-grade CIN.
Simultaneous presence of multiple HPV genotypes may be associated with a increased risk of high-grade squamous lesions or invasive cancer than the presence of single-type HPV infection. The classic study from Trottier et al. (2006) [21] showed that infections with multiple HPV may synergistically boost carcinogenesis. In a recently published Brazilian study co-infecting HPV genotypes occurred in a high proportion of sexually active adolescents. Socio-demographic or sexual behaviour factors associated with single HPV infection were similar to those associated with multiple HPV types. There was a higher risk of cytological abnormalities in women infected with multiple HPV types suggesting a potential role of co-infection in the natural history of HPV infection [22]. However, in another relatively recent study [23], the difference between the duration of single and that of concurrent multiple type-specific prevalent HPV infections was not significant. Concurrent, prevalent detection of additional HPV types did not change the likelihood of viral persistence.
In our sample, glandular lesions were associated essentially with HPV16 or 18 ST infections. Quint et al. [17] also detected ST HPV16 or HPV18 infections in excess of 70% of women with AIS or glandular-type CC. In the series, HPV35 and 45 accounted for one case of AIS (3.0%) and 10.9% of CC. A meta-analysis from 2007 showed that HPV16 followed by 18 were the most common types in all continents. However, in Africa, Asia and South/Central America, this preponderance is not as marked as in Europe, North America and Australia. The next most common HPV types were the same in each continent, namely HPV31, 33, 35, 45, 52 and 58, although their relative importance differed somewhat by region [24]. In our study, HPV 58 and 52 were more frequently detected than the other types, including HPV 18 which ranked only 7th. In the metanalysis [24], HPV18 was significantly more prevalent in adeno/adenosquamous carcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma, with the reverse being true for HPV16, 31, 33, 52 and 58. In our sample, stand-alone infection by HPV 16 or 18 were responsible for most of the glandular lesions.
Another recent study examined the prevalence of HPV type distribution in Brazilian women with and without cervical lesions. From a total of 132 women with amplified HPV-DNA the frequency of HPV HR-types was 75%, with top appearing types being HPV16 (28%), followed by HPV18 (14.4%), HPV45 (7.6%), HPV58 (6.8%), HPV66 (6.8%), HPV31 (3.8%) and HPV33 (3.0%). The mean age of the 132 women were 39.5 years, ranging from 25 to 59 years of age. A significantly lower proportion of LSIL and HSIL was found among women infected by HPV16 and/or HPV18 when compared to the ones infected by other HR-types. Their data also showed that infection by alpha-7 and alpha-9 species presented a significant distinct distribution by age at diagnosis respective to women positive for other HPV types. However, separate comparisons among alpha-7 infections, alpha-9 infection, and infections by other HPV types, did not show a significant different distribution by age [25]. Another approach to the question was attempted by Fernandes et al. (2010) who examined the HPV prevalence in archival samples obtained from patients with cervical pre-malignant and malignant lesions from Northeast Brazil. In that study, among the HPV-positive samples, 86.7% had a single infection, while 13.3% had a double infection. These findings contrast with ours, since we detected a higher prevalence of MT infections in all lesion groups [26].
Our results may bear significance in the era of prophylactic HPV vaccination. Both bivalent and quadrivalent prophylactic HPV vaccines target hr-HPV16 and 18 and had demonstrated different cross protection against HPV31, 33, 45, 52 and 58, potentially diverting 90% of cervical cancer risk. In addition to a new nonavalent vaccine against HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 - now in phase 3 testing - protection against the most prevalent HPV types is in sight [27].
The main strength of this study is that all women had a complete histological evaluation, giving to our sample a strong reliability related to the gravity of the cervical lesion. We also took care to assess all known HPV types using reverse line blot hybridization assay, which is an accurate and sensitive method. On the other hand, the sample is modest in size, especially women with glandular lesions, which unfortunately is a common situation in most recent papers on the subject.
Collectively, our data indicate that prevention strategies for pre-invasive and invasive squamous lesions should be focused on HPV16 and a few alpha-9 HPV types. It is clear to us that in young women, prophylaxis must cover a large amalgam of HPV types beyond classic HPV16 and 18. For the prevention of glandular lesions, ST HPV16 or 18 infections should be addressed, with other alpha-9 or alpha-7 HPV types being of marginal importance.
To Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - Fapesp number 2012/15059-8.
Authors' Affiliations
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- The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/14/214/prepub
Pre-publication history
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Archive for June, 2012
The Constitutionality of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or "Obamacare" Lives!
Posted by reallypck in Uncategorized on June 29, 2012
At this point, you probably have heard what happened yesterday in the world of politics. The big story: President Obama's signature accomplishment, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), commonly referred to as "Obamacare," was held to be constitutional by the United States Supreme Court in a 5-4 ruling.
In what was seen by many as a surprising twist ending to the case, Chief Justice John Roberts (a traditionally conservative justice appointed by President George W. Bush) sided with the court's four "liberal" justices to preserve the ACA in (more or less) its entirety. Anthony Kennedy, often viewed as the "swing" justice on the court, dissented, siding with the more conservative members of the court.
The heart of the question before the justices was whether or not Congress had the authority to enact the cornerstone of the Affordable Care Act, the individual mandate. The individual mandate, when it goes into effect, would require that all Americans be covered by health insurance. The more popular aspects of the legislation (forcing insurers to cover people with preexisting medical conditions, and just generally making insurance more available), ACA proponents argue, would not be feasible without greatly increasing the rolls of the insured. Basically, the idea is this: if you make it so that sick people can get insurance after they are already sick, you have to increase the number of healthy people getting insurance in order to offset the cost. Otherwise, the doomsday argument goes, every sick person in the country would run out to their nearest Health Insurance Mart and purchase policies, and the cost of treating these sick folks would put every insurance company in the country out of business. As I said, doomsday scenario, and doomsday scenarios traditionally sound a little far-fetched. Regardless, the mandate would prevent that sort of thing from happening.
Why was that relatively reasonable measure put through the Supreme Court's wringer? Because opponents of the ACA argued that while the U.S. Constitution does indeed say that Congress has the power to make laws relating to commerce (which the nation's massive patchwork of health care systems no doubt is), what Congress did in this instance was to make a law (the ACA) that related to the lack of commerce (the state of not having health insurance). Confused? Totally reasonable, because this is incredibly confusing. Perhaps because, as Ezra Klein of the Washington Post points out, pretty much no one thought that this was actually an issue wayyyy back in 2009-10 when the law was being written (or before that, when the mandate was an idea endorsed by Republicans and conservative think-tanks).
Now that we've got all that background, however, we can see what happened with the high court's decision yesterday. Opponents of the ACA said that Congress had exceeded its power in passing a law that would "force Americans to engage in commerce", notably using the argument that if the Affordable Care Act was constitutional, what could stop Congress from passing a law that said every American had to go out and buy broccoli. In the opinion written by Chief Justice Roberts, the Court decided that the ACA was not constitutional under Congress's power to regulate commerce. Instead, the Court found that the law was constitutional under the power of Congress to "lay and collect taxes," since the penalty for failure to purchase health insurance could be viewed as a tax.
Well, that was a doozy, but we got through it! To sum up: "Obamacare" is constitutional, in a 5-4 decision, with the court's four liberals and the conservative Chief Justice in the majority. The individual mandate is a tax, and not a penalty, and Congress cannot make you buy broccoli. The end.
Blogging from Seattle
Posted by reallypck in Uncategorized on June 11, 2012
I'm away from my usual San Francisco home base this weekend, but being in a different city, in a different state, reminded me that there's something I've been meaning to post about.
National presidential poll numbers. We've all seen them. They are bandied about in the media during each and every news cycle. The numbers seem to drive the conversation, which may leave some observers asking "But… why?"
President Obama's numbers have gone up and down over the past few months, with Gallup's current numbers (as of 6/9/12) pinning approval of the job Obama is doing as President at 47%, while 45% disapprove. Looking ahead to November, Gallup currently has the race 46-45 Obama over Romney. Those numbers indicate an incredible close election, essentially a toss-up. Who could win is anyone's guess, really, going by these numbers. However, we don't hold national elections.
As 2000's election taught everyone, what really matters is the Electoral College vote count. Basically, this means that candidates are more concerned with winning certain states than just winning overall votes.
According to the political news and poll aggregator site Real Clear Politics, there are thirteen states that are considered to be "battleground states", meaning that those states could conceivably go to either party, helping to sway the outcome in the Electoral College vote count. Out of those thirteen, RCP has President Barack Obama currently ahead in the polls in Colorado and Ohio by 1.8%, Iowa by 2.6%, Virginia by 3%, Wisconsin by 4.8%, Michigan and Nevada by 6%, New Hampshire by 6.4%, and Pennsylvania by 8.5%. RCP has Mitt Romney ahead in the remaining four states, up 0.2% in Florida, 2.5% in North Carolina, 3% in Missouri, and 6% in Arizona.
It is still quite early days as far as this campaign goes, but those numbers are much more reflective of the on-the-ground political reality than national poll numbers are. If you are only looking at the national polls, as reported by, say Gallup, then you would reasonably expect a tight race,a possible Romney, or the President's reelection secured by one percent of voters. If you are looking at the Electoral College politics, though, and the RCP averages as they are today hold true in November, President Obama would win a 303-235 victory over Romney in the Electoral College count.
Same polls, same politics, but a very different outcome. This is not to say that President Obama has this election in the bag, but rather that numbers do not always tell the whole story. National polls show an aspect of the political landscape, not a hard-and-fast certainty.