text:
What are we to make of the strange gravitational pull that empty boxes have on cats?
You may apply this train obliterating snow as a simile for your life. Here are some examples:
I plow through haters like that train plows through snow.
I slide into your DMs like that snow...
It can do the Kessel run in less than 12 parsecs, and its quadlasers are strong enough to send Darth Vader's TIE-Advanced spiraling off into space, but the Millennium Falcon seems to have some...
Like The Simpsons itself, this new video defies trend.
The "pop culture touchstone reimagined as pixel art" video has been played out for years — even MTV plans to move on to the Cory Arcangel...
The next Assassin's Creed game will feature a new twist: you'll be able to control it using your eyes. Tobii has announced that the upcoming PC version of Assassin's Creed Rogue will support its...
While not technically color-blind, dogs have a very different way of seeing the world than humans. This TED video shows how dogs actually "see" the world not only with their eyes, but also their noses.
Movie prop maker Tim Baker and his team forge a set of Final Fantasy kitchen knives complete with an Ultros knife block in the latest episode of the DIY webseries "Super-Fan Builds."
Tom Hanks and his unequivocal BFF since shooting 'Castaway' in 2000, Wilson, were reunited Wednesday during a New York Rangers game.
It should be no surprise that the week after the Super Bowl has some huge trailers debuting in it. It's a pretty great mix of genres, too: from the insanity of Furious 7 to the quiet tension of the...
CFO Tom Szkutak didn't offer much detail, but noted that Amazon's unit growth rates were better than its revenue growth rates (meaning its selling more goods, they're just not generating as much revenue). He also said the focus on adding infrastructure and fulfillment capacity has affected the operating income, and highlighted India and China as emerging markets that the company is attacking.
Until today, the foundation maintained that a new version of the Pi was still a few years out, in part because changing its processor would result in backward compatibility issues. Obviously, something changed — but Richardson says it's just a matter of the computer being ready sooner than expected. Declining costs now allow them to include a faster processor at the same accessible price. And as for backward compatibility, both Richardson and Powell believe that everything designed for the original Pi should work here, aside from a few edge cases that might require tweaking.
As Managing Editor of NBC Nightly News, I have decided to take myself off of my daily broadcast for the next several days, and Lester Holt has kindly agreed to sit in for me to allow us to adequately deal with this issue. Upon my return, I will continue my career-long effort to be worthy of the trust of those who place their trust in us.
Meet Boyce Avenue, YouTube's most followed American band
Band used SEO techniques to be more searchable and find an audience
Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/1DPmPc2
is a leading source for news, information and resources for the Connected Generation. Mashable reports on the importance of digital innovation and how it empowers and inspires people around the world. Mashable's record 40 million unique visitors worldwide and 20 million social media followers are one of the most influential and engaged online communities. Founded in 2005, Mashable is headquartered in New York City with an office in San Francisco.
Dry cleaning shops are inherently unglamorous places. They have a few distinct purposes, none of which are to be trendy. We don't begrudge them; it's hard to be sophisticated when your job is to banish unidentified stains from a stranger's clothing. Their branding usually reflects this. Take a stroll around your neighborhood, and you'll probably see laundromats with haphazardly designed logos and improper use of clip art. And yet, leave it to San Francisco's blossoming bougie tech scene to give birth to Nordic House, a dry cleaning shop that looks primed for the Jony Ive set.
Our sides are still hurting from laughing at T.J. Miller's one liners at last night's Crunchies Awards . You can see the full list of winners here . But we're still going to bring you our best stories from this week (1/31-2/6).
" @MiiRANDAhh @verge : The 50 Shades of Grey trailer is so much better in Lego form http://theverge.com/e/7759970 pic.twitter.com/gaBx0PTi9g "
This spring, Apple plans to replace its 13-year-old iPhoto with a new application for Mac desktops and laptops called, simply, Photos. It looks and works much like the streamlined Photos app already on the latest iPhones and iPads, and is designed to make Apple's subscription iCloud storage more relevant in our lives.
Samsung is giving the Gear VR perhaps its widest showing yet, rolling out demos at select Best Buy stores across the US. Today, the company confirmed that "Samsung Experience Shops" inside the stores will soon be offering demonstrations of the virtual reality headset, which uses a Galaxy Note 4 smartphone and was developed in partnership with Facebook-owned company Oculus. Interested parties can find a participating store here starting February 8th; while a previous rumor said 100 locations would get Gear VR units, we're seeing roughly 68 on the list. SamMobile also has a rumored list of specific experiences users will likely be able to try, which is more detail than we've been given.
RUSSIAN DRIVING CAMERAS Quite possibly THE BEST VIDEO OF 2012!!
"Geological processes on the Earth's surface, such as earthquakes or erupting volcanoes, are an expression of what is going on inside the Earth, out of our sight," geophysicist Dr. Steven Jacobsen , an associate professor at Northwestern University, said in a written statement. "I think we are finally seeing evidence for a whole-Earth water cycle, which may help explain the vast amount of liquid water on the surface of our habitable planet. Scientists have been looking for this missing deep water for decades ."
Keep me logged in
Late last month, Oreo finally came clean on the Red Velvet Oreo , a new special edition flavor that not only featured a special flavor creme, but an all-new reddish-colored cookie not seen before. (Those just hit stores this week, so if you want to check them out, head to your local grocer.) But while the internet was in a frenzy over the Red Velvet Oreo, news broke about a possible new variant, the never-before-seen S'mores Oreo.
As we expect more from technology, do we expect less from each other? Sherry Turkle studies how our devices and online personas are redefining human connection and communication — and asks us to think deeply about the new kinds of connection we want to have.
Author and activist Isabel Allende discusses women, creativity, the definition of feminism — and, of course, passion — in this talk.
Every day, we make decisions that have good or bad consequences for our future selves. (Can I skip flossing just this one time?) Daniel Goldstein makes tools that help us imagine ourselves over time, so that we make smart choices for Future Us.
"Remember before the internet?" asks Joi Ito. "Remember when people used to try to predict the future?" In this engaging talk, the head of the MIT Media Lab skips the future predictions and instead shares a new approach to creating in the moment: building quickly and improving constantly, without waiting for permission or for proof that you have the right idea. This kind of bottom-up innovation is seen in the most fascinating, futuristic projects emerging today, and it starts, he says, with being open and alert to what's going on around you right now. Don't be a futurist, he suggests: be a now-ist.
Usman Riaz is a 21-year-old whiz at the percussive guitar, a style he learned to play by watching his heroes on YouTube. The TED Fellow plays onstage at TEDGlobal 2012 — followed by a jawdropping solo from the master of percussive guitar, Preston Reed. And watch these two guitarists take on a very spur-of-the-moment improv.
Maysoon Zayid, for one, appreciated the thought that went into each and every translation of her talk. "Hands down my favorite part of being a speaker at TEDWomen was seeing my talk translated. Every time a new language was added, I would post it on Facebook because it made me so happy," she says. "As a bilingual comic, I know how hard it is to translate comedy and I love everything these volunteers did, especially in tackling 'can can.' I'm thrilled that so many people were willing to take on this challenge. Together we proved that comedy really is a universal language."
Are schools killing creativity? What makes a great leader? How can I find happiness? These 20 talks are the ones that you and your fellow TED fans just can't stop sharing.
Stress. It makes your heart pound, your breathing quicken and your forehead sweat. But while stress has been made into a public health enemy, new research suggests that stress may only be bad for you if you believe that to be the case. Psychologist Kelly McGonigal urges us to see stress as a positive, and introduces us to an unsung mechanism for stress reduction: reaching out to others.
Philip Zimbardo knows how easy it is for nice people to turn bad. In this talk, he shares insights and graphic unseen photos from the Abu Ghraib trials. Then he talks about the flip side: how easy it is to be a hero, and how we can rise to the challenge.
In today's world, balancing school, work, kids and more, most of us can only hope for the recommended eight hours of sleep. Examining the science behind our body's internal clock, Jessa Gamble reveals the surprising and substantial program of rest we should be observing.
Twitter CEO Dick Costolo is taking personal responsibility for his platform's chronic problems with harassment and abuse, telling employees that he is embarrassed for the company's failures and would soon be taking stronger action to eliminate trolls. He said problems with trolls are driving away the company's users. "We suck at dealing with abuse and trolls on the platform and we've sucked at it for years," Costolo wrote in an internal memo obtained by The Verge . "It's no secret and the rest of the world talks about it every day. We lose core user after core user by not addressing simple trolling issues that they face every day."
Satya Nadella's appointment as Microsoft CEO a year ago was surprising. A protracted search for Steve Ballmer's successor had many expecting the nod to go to an outsider to steer Microsoft into the future, not the then-unknown 22-year Microsoft veteran. Microsoft even attempted to massage any concerns by strategically announcing Bill Gates was " substantially increasing " his time at the company. It's still not clear whether Gates is really dedicating up to 30 percent of his time at Microsoft. Nevertheless, Nadella created a mission statement to drive Microsoft forward with a mobile and cloud focus, and so far he seems to be steering the software giant in the right direction.
You're doing everything right at work, taking all the right advice, but you're just not moving up. Why? Susan Colantuono shares a simple, surprising piece of advice you might not have heard before quite so plainly. This talk, while aimed at an audience of women, has universal takeaways — for men and women, new grads and midcareer workers.
Notes handwritten by Alan Turing's fellow codebreakers in pencil and crayon survived nearly 70 years stuffed into the walls of the draughty huts where they worked to crack German military codes. Discovered in a renovation of the WW2-era Bletchley Park base, the unique notes will now go on display at the museum that stands where Turing and his colleagues made their crucial contributions to the war effort, while, it seems, shivering.
Through the new staffed location, Amazon students who use the purdue.amazon.com version of the retail portal can find books assigned to classes via a Purdue logo badge, and they can also buy any Amazon item, as well as Prime Campus-eligible items that will be available for pickup in just one day. Once they checkout, they can select Amazon@Purdue as the shipping destination, and then they'll receive an email or text when the item actually arrives at the locale. Pick-up whenever a student is able happens either via self-serve lockers or actual Amazon employees manning the desks.
The idea of working for someone else makes many of us cringe, and if you've had a 9-5 job, you've probably felt the suffocating hold it can take on your life. Mondays are dreadful. Mundane meetings and conference calls seem never-ending. Having a corporate job can literally suck the soul right out of your body.
Self-driving cars were just the start. What's the future of big data-driven technology and design? In a thrilling science talk, Kenneth Cukier looks at what's next for machine learning — and human knowledge.
Once you watch these talks, you may not be able to get them out of your head. These talks have staying power and, as you go about everyday life, we bet you'll find yourself thinking of them often.
Another anonymous inspector put it more succinctly: "When I first started working for [the USDA] an older inspector told me regarding my job duties, 'It's not whether or not people are going to eat shit—they are. It's just how much.'"
Batteries are expensive, so it makes sense that device makers are in no hurry to cram in more capacity than is actually necessary. The downside of this, of course, is that if you're out and about, the responsibility of keeping your hardware fully charged is yours alone. Most people overcome this, either by attaching themselves to any available wall socket or keeping a rechargeable power pack in their bag. eZelleron, however, is hoping that people will want to carry a small gas-powered generator in their pockets instead.
When you're learning new material, it can be overwhelming when you think about how much time you need to truly understand it all. This studying technique can help you stay focused and take on more information with shorter study sessions.
Technically Incorrect: The National Transportation Safety Board says the pilot of a small plane that crashed in Colorado was taking selfies -- as was his passenger -- just before the crash that killed them both.
The TheTechNewsBlog Daily, by TheTechNewsBlog: updated automatically with a curated selection of articles, blog posts, videos and photos.
But things are going to be different this year. According to sources familiar with the company's plans, Samsung is focusing more on design and build quality this time around. The Galaxy S6 will be made at least partially of metal, although it's unclear if it'll have a unibody design like the iPhone. There will also be another version of the phone with a curved screen, similar to the Galaxy Note Edge from last fall.
Where the rear wheel steers, the front wheels are powered, each using an electric motor of about 2 kilowatts. The range and speed figures show that the i-Road isn't intended for cross-country trips, instead set for short commutes or errands. It's top speed of 37 mph (60 kph) classifies it as a neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV), as does its 30-mile range. Toyota would not give me the capacity of the i-Road's lithium-ion electric battery pack, but a spokesperson said that it takes about 3 hours to charge from a standard household outlet.
Hannah Brencher's mother always wrote her letters. So when she felt herself bottom into depression after college, she did what felt natural — she wrote love letters and left them for strangers to find. The act has become a global initiative, The World Needs More Love Letters, which rushes handwritten letters to those in need of a boost.
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Bitcoin mining is not a pretty business. It requires lots of specialized servers that are essentially unusable for normal computing and lots of cooling. But when you bring thousands of miners together in the same room, things really get ugly.
Diane Benscoter spent five years as a "Moonie." She shares an insider's perspective on the mind of a cult member, and proposes a new way to think about today's most troubling conflicts and extremist movements.
Discouragement is for wimps. We aren't going to change the Constitution, so we need to make the system we have work. We are still, despite our shortcomings, the most successful experiment in self-government in history. Our greatest strength is our ability to bounce back from mistakes like we are making today. Get over your nostalgia: Congress has never been more than a sausage factory. The point here isn't to make us something we're not. The point is to get us to make sausage again. But for that to happen, the people have to rise up and demand better.
DeKnight: When we first meet him, he's a very mysterious figure, as you can gather from the teaser. Absolutely, a lynchpin of Season 1. I think there's a no better way to start of the series than a formative Matt Murdock coming up against a formative Wilson Fisk. We were so incredibly lucky to get Vincent D'Onofrio, who is not only a phenomenal actor and an amazing person to be around, so very generous as an actor and performer, but I don't know if there's another human being on the planet that embodies WIlson Fisk, physically, like in the comics. I think, honestly, he is as close as you're going to get, unless you're doing an animated series. We just marveled. We were like holy s**t, it is Wilson Fisk come to life! Even in the teaser, when you just see him from behind, standing in front of that painting, you just get the feeling that it's Wilson Fisk, the future Kingpin. Fisk plays a crucial role in Season 1, as the adversary of Matt Murdock. Also, on the flip side, Matt Murdock is the fly in Fisk's ointment. What I love about this show is we're able to explore some gray areas of who is really good, who is really bad, and which person is really better for the city in the long run.
The day before it closed down, October 30th 2009, Hjörtur Smárason went to McDonalds and bought a burger. Not to eat, but to keep and it was put in the original emballage on a garage shelf. Three years later he opened it again to find it looking exactly like it was when he left it. So he donated it to the national museum in Iceland where it was in storage for a year.
Under the FCC's proposed new rules, so-called zero-rating services like Music Freedom wouldn't be outright banned, but they'd be examined on a "case-by-case basis," says a senior FCC official. The official notes that Music Freedom is a "lesser concern" for prohibition because there's no obvious harm to the consumer. Clearly, though, that could change: in order for it to be allowed under Title II, it wouldn't be able to hinder service to any of T-Mobile's customers, which suggests that there would be no way for T-Mobile to ever deny a music service entrance into Music Freedom — nor would it be able to charge streaming providers for the privilege of being a part of the program.
Most stock quote data provided by BATS. Market indices are shown in real time, except for the DJIA, which is delayed by two minutes. All times are ET. Disclaimer . Morningstar: © 2015 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Factset: FactSet Research Systems Inc. 2015. All rights reserved. Chicago Mercantile Association: Certain market data is the property of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved. Dow Jones: The Dow Jones branded indices are proprietary to and are calculated, distributed and marketed by DJI Opco, a subsidiary of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and have been licensed for use to S&P Opco, LLC and CNN. Standard & Poor's and S&P are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC and Dow Jones is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC. All content of the Dow Jones branded indices © S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC 2015 and/or its affiliates.
44. The highest rent property on the Monopoly game board varies by region. In the U.S., it is named "Boardwalk" after a street in Atlantic City. In Spain, it is named "Paseo del Prado" after a street in Madrid, and in France, "Rue de la Paix" is the name of the most coveted property space.
Mike Rowe, the host of "Dirty Jobs," tells some compelling (and horrifying) real-life job stories. Listen for his insights and observations about the nature of hard work, and how it's been unjustifiably degraded in society today.


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Please note that this website has a UK government access keys system.
A social enterprise is a business whose objectives are primarily social, and whose profits are reinvested back into its services or the community. With no financial commitments to shareholders or owners, social enterprises are free to use their surplus income to invest in their operations to make them as efficient and effective as possible
Social enterprises come in many shapes and sizes, from small community-owned village shops to large organisations delivering public services; from individual social entrepreneurs to multi-million pound global organisations. Well known social enterprises include Turning Point, the Eden Project, the Big Issue, and Jamie Oliver's Fifteen restaurant.
Social enterprises are distinctive from traditional charities or voluntary organisations in that they generate the majority, if not all, of their income through the trading of goods or services rather than through donations. This gives them a degree of self-reliance and independence which puts them firmly in control of their own activities.
Advantages for patients and service users, health and social care organisations and the third sector.
The Goverment is committed to giving public sector workers new rights to provide services as employee-owned mutuals and bid to take over the services they deliver. The right to provide builds on the successful right to request scheme in community healthy services.
Right to Request is part of a broader vision for the NHS, which puts quality of care at the heart of everything we do.
An overview of the Right to Request process, including key documents and application guidance.
There are a number of staff-led NHS projects on their way to becoming social enterprises. Find out how they are getting on
Find out more about the SEIF
Social enterprises measuring social value
Social entrepreneurs talk about 'Right to Request'
If you would like more information about Right to Request or social enterprises in health and social care, please get in touch by:

subset: commoncrawl


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contractor referral
about us
contact us
Welcome to H & H Roofing Supply
H & H Roofing Supply
Bakersfield, CA
A great roof has two main ingredients; quality materials and skilled labor. H & H Roofing Supply provides the first and can help you find the second.
H & H is a family owned and operated business with strong ties to the Bakersfield community. Customer service is our #1 goal.
Our friendly and professional staff are here to answer any questions you may have about our company, our services, our products or general roofing topics. Whether you have a roof leak in need of repair, an entire re-roof or a new roof, we will offer insight, education and options in an effort to assist you in making an informed decision.
H and H Roofing supply is equipped to handle large and small projects. Simple or challenging.
With more than three acres of materials, seven trucks and a steady expansion since it's creation in 2002, H & H Roofing Supply is regularly supplying about 60 roofing contractors as well as walk-in homeowners in and around the Bakersfield area.
We're referring quality-minded contractors to take the guesswork and fear out of selecting your roofer. We select contractors and roofers who have the experience, knowledge, credentials and expertise to install the specific roofing material you wish to purchase for your home or building project.
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text:
What Are My Rights?
Individuals with disabilities
are protected from discrimination in employment primarily
by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation
Act. The U.S. Department of Labor's Office
of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP) provides information
about these laws.
National Network: The Americans with Disabilities Act Questions
and Answers
Department of Labor Disability Resources: Employee Rights
• The
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: The ADA: Your
Employment Rights as an Individual with a Disability
• Southeast
ADA Center, ADA Employment and Disability Resource List
• A to Z of Disabilities
and Accommodations: has links to materials by disability,
topic, and limitation.
• Employees'
Practical Guide to Negotiating and Requesting Reasonable Accommodations
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
• Accommodation
and Compliance Series: Ideas for Writing an Accommodation
Request Letter By: Linda Carter Batiste, J.D.
Disability Disclosure:
Disclosure, and the Workplace Why, When, What, and How:
Every job seeker with a disability is faced with the same
decision: 'Should I or shouldn't I disclose my disability?'
This decision may be framed differently depending upon whether
you have a visible disability or a non-visible disability.
Ultimately, the decision of whether to disclose is entirely
up to you.
Accessing lawyers or professionals for questions
or concerns/complaint information:
Protection and Advocacy for
People with Disabilities, Inc.
An independent, statewide, non-profit corporation that protects
and advances the legal rights of people with disabilities.
Services are free. Phone: 866-275-7273 (Toll free statewide-VOICE);
866-232-4525 (Toll free statewide—TTY). Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
South Carolina Human Affairs
The Mission of the South Carolina Human Affairs Commission
is to eliminate and prevent unlawful discrimination in: employment
on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex,
age, and disability; housing on the basis of race, color,
national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and disability;
and public accommodations on the basis of race, color, national
origin, and religion. South
Carolina Human Affairs Commission: Filing a Complaint
ADA National
Network: Talk to an ADA Specialist
The ADA National Network provides informal guidance on the
Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA) and other disability-related laws.
The ten regional Centers that comprise the ADA National Network
staff a toll-free information line (voice or TTY), 1-800-949-4232,
respond to inquiries submitted online via email
or regional Center websites.
The ADA National Network Regional Center for South Carolina
is the Southeast ADA
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: Filing A Charge
of Discrimination
If you believe that you have been discriminated against at
work because of your disability
you can file a Charge of Discrimination with the U.S. Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission.
Alternatives to Guardianship
Guardianship can affect employment of people with disabilities.
Below are some helpful resources:
to Guardianship in SC, Frequently Asked Questions
National Resource
Center for Supported Decision-Making
Stories of Supported Decision-Making
ATTENTION Claimants: Don't lose your benefits
The S.C. Legislature has changed the requirement for UI Benefits eligibility.
Claimants now must make at least two (2) weekly job search contacts through SC Works Online Services at jobs.scworks.org. You must register with the site and sign on with your username and password for the search to be counted in our system.
If you do not conduct two searches through the SC Works Online System you will not receive payment for the week.
For more information, please visit www.dew.sc.gov and click on the Work Search banner.
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- Research Article
- Open Access
Diagnosing idiopathic learning disability: a cost-effectiveness analysis of microarray technology in the National Health Service of the United Kingdom
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007
- Received: 16 January 2007
- Accepted: 13 April 2007
- Published: 5 June 2007
Array based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) is a powerful technique for detecting clinically relevant genome imbalance and can offer 40 to > 1000 times the resolution of karyotyping. Indeed, idiopathic learning disability (ILD) studies suggest that a genome-wide aCGH approach makes 10–15% more diagnoses involving genome imbalance than karyotyping. Despite this, aCGH has yet to be implemented as a routine NHS service. One significant obstacle is the perception that the technology is prohibitively expensive for most standard NHS clinical cytogenetics laboratories. To address this, we investigated the cost-effectiveness of aCGH versus standard cytogenetic analysis for diagnosing idiopathic learning disability (ILD) in the NHS. Cost data from four participating genetics centres were collected and analysed. In a single test comparison, the average cost of aCGH was £442 and the average cost of karyotyping was £117 with array costs contributing most to the cost difference. This difference was not a key barrier when the context of follow up diagnostic tests was considered. Indeed, in a hypothetical cohort of 100 ILD children, aCGH was found to cost less per diagnosis (£3,118) than a karyotyping and multi-telomere FISH approach (£4,957). We conclude that testing for genomic imbalances in ILD using microarray technology is likely to be cost-effective because long-term savings can be made regardless of a positive (diagnosis) or negative result. Earlier diagnoses save costs of additional diagnostic tests. Negative results are cost-effective in minimising follow-up test choice. The use of aCGH in routine clinical practice warrants serious consideration by healthcare providers.
- Microarrays
- Comparative genomic hybridisation
- Cost-effectiveness
- Learning disability
Learning disability (LD) is a common condition affecting 1–3% of individuals worldwide (Roeleveld et al. 1997). Most with moderate to severe LD (intelligence quotient (IQ) under 50) require life long support and half of those with mild LD (IQ 50–70) are significantly impaired throughout life (Department of Health 2001; Mencap 2001). Despite the clinical, social and psychological challenges associated with LD, up to 80% of cases have no specific causal diagnosis.
Standard testing to detect constitutional anomalies (present at or before birth) is chromosome analysis (karyotyping) at the 450–500 G-band level. Karyotyping can detect large genomic imbalances (losses or gains of DNA) in LD conditions such as Down, Turner and Edwards Syndromes. However, the resolution is insufficient to routinely detect rearrangements smaller than 5 million base pairs (5 Mb) and even abnormalities of 15 Mb may be missed where the banding pattern is indistinct.
As smaller genomic imbalances can be clinically important, demand has increased for higher resolution assays to detect them. This is particularly true for idiopathic (without known cause) LD (ILD) cases, that represent ∼15% of referrals to clinical genetics and paediatrics clinics. Despite ILD being incurable, a diagnosis is important for many reasons including, providing accurate prognostic information and genetic counselling, directing appropriate clinical care and educational needs, considering future preventative and therapeutic regimes and finally helping clinicians to answer the parents' question "why?". The clarification of genetic risk for both the immediate and wider family is particularly important because it enables meaningful reproductive choice. For example, a negative result can substantially reduce risk whereas a positive result can open an avenue for prenatal diagnosis (in appropriate cases).
A major advance in diagnosing ILD through genetics was the discovery that cytogenetically invisible genome imbalances involving chromosome tips (telomeres) account for many ILD cases (Flint et al. 1995). Subsequently, a test assaying every telomere of an individual by fluorescence 'in situ' hybridisation to chromosomes ('multi-telomere FISH') was developed and widely adopted in diagnostic laboratories (Knight et al. 1997). Further technological advances led to a new approach, array comparative genome hybridisation (aCGH), that identifies cryptic genome imbalances at the genome-wide level (Knight and Regan 2006).
Despite this, aCGH is not implemented widely in the NHS. One obstacle is the lack of consensus regarding 'platform choice', that is, the best combination of array type, experimental methodology and analysis system. Another obstacle is concern over the proportion of confirmed genome imbalances where the significance of the positive result is unknown e.g. very small 'de novo' imbalances and some inherited imbalances. However, the most significant obstacle to date is the perception that the technology is prohibitively expensive for most NHS clinical cytogenetics laboratories. Local commissioners are unable to endorse implementation without considering the clinical utility and economic implications of technology adoption. Whilst the clinical and scientific utility of aCGH in ILD is impressive, information on its economic viability in routine clinical practice is lacking. Therefore, our study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of aCGH compared with standard cytogenetic analysis in ILD.
Cost-effectiveness analysis
The costs and effects (number of additional diagnoses) of an aCGH test versus standard cytogenetic analysis using karyotyping, were compared. A cost per diagnosis detected was used rather than a cost per life year gained or quality adjusted life year (QALY), as testing is unlikely to save lives and evaluating QALY's is problematic in children, especially those with LD.
An NHS perspective was adopted and to make the results generally applicable to UK laboratories, four laboratories currently investigating ILD using aCGH, karyotyping or both contributed to data collection: (i) The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford (arrays), (ii) Oxford Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory (karyotyping), (iii) Birmingham Regional Genetics Laboratory (arrays and karyotyping) and (iv) South East Scotland Cytogenetics Laboratory, Edinburgh (arrays). These were selected because they employ slightly different testing procedures (e.g. different staff grades or level of automation).
Testing pathways and resource use
Resource information on staff times, consumables and capital was derived from the questionnaires. Salary costs were attached to these based on NHS Agenda for Change figures (Department of Health 2005) and unit costs were attached to equipment and resource information from laboratory price lists including 17.5% VAT, with maintenance and service costs being included under the equipment warranty. For capital items (e.g. array scanners), the cost was spread over the items predicted lifetime and depreciated using equivalent annual costing, discounted at 3.5% (Drummond et al. 2005; HM Treasury 2006). Overheads, including electricity were calculated as a percentage of total costs (around 20%).
The costs of routine cytogenetics analysis include karyotype analysis (see http://www.oup.co.uk/pdf/pas/12–7–1.pdf for standard protocol). Array costs were based on Agilent Technologies Inc. 4 × 44 K genome-wide oligonucleotide multi-sample format arrays, with four different patient DNAs per slide (see www.chem.agilent.com/temp/radAAF6F/00060479.pdf for protocols).
Testing scenarios
- (i)
Imbalance is real and clinically relevant; without a positive family history, this would generally be expected to be 'de novo' (absent in clinically normal parents) and may or may not have been reported before in similarly affected individuals. However, the imbalance may also be inherited from a clinically normal parent, the phenotype due to a recessive condition, incomplete penetrance or genomic imprinting, for example.
- (ii)
Imbalance is real, but not clinically relevant; it may be a benign polymorphism inherited from a clinically normal parent or a 'de novo' benign variant that may or may not have been reported before.
- (iii)
Imbalance is not real; it is a false positive that a different test fails to confirm.
Several testing and reporting scenarios were identified. For arrays, additional tests such as testing parents using arrays or FISH were included. For karyotyping, testing parents and using feasible follow-up tests of multi-telomere FISH and multi-telomere MLPA, were costed. Expert opinion (Laboratory Directors) and laboratory records developed these scenarios. Average test throughput was determined by annual laboratory figures, equipment and staff availability. Additional targeted tests e.g. those for specific gene mutations and biochemical tests were not costed, as they apply to both karyotyping and aCGH approaches when negative.
Sensitivity analysis
This explored the impact that changing individual costs has on total costs. The costs varied included: arrays and scanner, percentage used to calculate overheads, array labelling, different staff grades, karyotyping probe costs and test throughput. Ranges were based on expert opinion. Data analyses were conducted in Microsoft Excel 2003 and costs reported in Pounds sterling (£), using 2006 prices. As costs were derived from different laboratories, the results presented are averages of the four laboratories.
To create a cost per diagnosis, cost data were combined with information on the predicted number of diagnoses for 100 hypothetical ILD cases referred via genetics clinics for genomic imbalance testing. Costs were assigned to the karyotyping route (factoring in one additional genome imbalance test, a telomere assay, for karyotypically normal samples) and for aCGH (where few, if any, additional genome imbalance tests are required). The number of diagnoses expected and the testing scenarios were derived from clinical diagnostic laboratory records (karyotyping), research experience (testing scenarios and 44 K aCGH results to date) and published data (karyotyping, subtelomeric studies and aCGH ILD studies) (de Vries et al. 2005; Knight 2005; Knight and Regan 2006; Menten et al. 2006; Miyake et al. 2006; Rauch et al. 2006; Ravnan et al. 2006; Rosenberg et al. 2005; Schoumans et al. 2005; Shaw-Smith et al. 2004; Tyson et al. 2005; Vissers et al. 2003).
Staff costs for aCGH and Karyotyping
Medical technical officer
Clinical scientist
Consultant grade scientist
Secretarial staff
Total time
Array CGH
Cost per hour range (£.p)a
Median cost per hour (£.p)
Hands-on time (minutes)
Cost per sample range (£.p)
Cost per sample (£.p)b
Cost per hour range (£.p)a
Hands-on time range (minutes)
40 –113
Hands-on time mid-point (minutes)
Cost per sample range (£.p)
Median Cost per sample (£.p)b
Array CGH cost breakdown
Sample reception and initial processing
Digestion/Reference Sample Processing
Arrays, plus preparation and washing b
Analysis and report writing
General resources (e.g. PC and printer)
Total c
Karyotyping cost breakdown
Sample reception and initial processing
Media preparation/setting up culture
Synchronisation/harvesting culture
Analysis and checking
Reporting results and authorisation
Clinical liaison
General resources (e.g. PC and printer)
Total b
Karyotyping costs associated with different testing and reporting scenarios
Karyotyping––Cost of reporting different scenarios
Cost of Karyotypingb
Cost of Multi-telomere MLPAb
Cost of Multi-telomere FISHb
Cost of Targeted telomere FISHb
Total costa
1 No genome imbalance found.
£117 (£103–£131)
£117 (£103–£131)
2 Genome imbalance found of known clinical relevance.
£117 (£103–£131)
3 Genome imbalance found of unknownclinical relevance. Parental samples karyotyped. Imbalance confirmed as inherited or 'de novo'.
£351 (£309– £393) (3 tests)
£351 (£309–£393) (3 tests)
4 No genome imbalance found. Multi-telomere MLPA test performed. No imbalance found.
£117 (£103–£131)
£45 (£40–£50)
£162 (£143–£181)
5 No genome imbalance found. Multi-telomere FISH test performed. No imbalance found.
£117 (£103–£131)
£283 (£254–£313)
£400 (£357–£444)
6 No genome imbalance found. Multi-telomere MLPA test performed. Genome imbalance found. Parental samples tested by Multi-telomere MLPA. Imbalance identified as clinically benign (normal parent carries identical anomaly) or imbalance confirmed 'de novo' by FISH and likeky to be clinically relevant.
£117 (£103–£131)
£45 (£40–£50)
£220 (£200–£240) (max. 2 tests)
£472 (£423–£521)
7 No genome imbalance found. Multi-telomere FISH test performed. Genome imbalance found. Parental samples tested by Targeted telomere FISH. Imbalance identified as clinically benign (normal parent carries identical anomaly) or clinically relevant.
£117 (£103–£131)
£283 (£254–£313)
£324c (£304–£344) (max. 4 tests)
£724 (£661–£788)
aCGH costs associated with different testing and reporting scenarios
aCGH–Cost of different reporting scenarios
Cost of patient aCGH test
Cost of Targeted FISH test
Cost of MLPA test
Cost of 2 parental aCGH testsb
Total cost
1 No genome imbalance found; only known benign variants/polymorphisms
2 Genome imbalance (deletion or duplication) found of known clinical relevance.
3 Genome imbalance (deletion or duplication) found of unknownclinical relevance. Targeted FISH test performed on patient sample. Genome imbalance confirmed. Targeted FISH test on parental samples. Imbalance confirmed as inherited or 'de novo'.
£214 c
4 Genome imbalance (duplication only) found of unknownclinical relevance. Targeted FISH test performed on patient sample. Genome imbalance not confirmed. Targeted MLPA test on parental samples. Imbalance confirmed as inherited.
5 Genome imbalance (duplication only) found of unknownclinical relevance. Targeted FISH test performed on patient sample. Genome imbalance not confirmed. Targeted MLPA test on parental samples negative. Targeted MLPA test on patient sample performed. Imbalance confirmed as 'de novo'.
6 Genome imbalance (deletion or duplication) found of unknownclinical relevance. Parental samples tested by aCGH. Imbalance confirmed as inherited
7 Genome imbalance (deletion or duplication) found of unknownclinical relevance. Parental samples tested by aCGH and negative. Targeted FISH test performed on patient sample. Imbalance confirmed as 'de novo'
Sensitivity analysis
For karyotyping, staff time required to perform the test or grade of staff used was the area most likely to impact upon total costs. For instance, substituting a clinical scientist with an MTO reduced the total cost to £95, a difference of £22. Other costs had limited impact upon karyotyping total costs. For aCGH, varying array (slide) costs had the greatest impact upon total cost. Changing the array to £25 per patient, reduced total test cost to £342. By comparison, equipment and staff costs had limited impact.
Comparing the costs of aCGH versus standard karyotyping
Cost comparison of aCGH and karyotyping per sample
Cost category
Cost difference
Other costs
For positive results (diagnoses), Fig. 4 shows that with karyotyping and multi-telomere testing, 8/100 diagnoses are expected, costing £39,652 using multi-telomere FISH and £17,032 using multi-telomere MLPA. With aCGH, the most conservative estimate of at least 18 diagnoses is used (10% more than the karyotyping route). Here, the least expensive testing strategy (aCGH followed by patient targeted FISH and parental targeted FISH or targeted MLPA) gives an overall cost of £56,130. Thus, karyotyping with just one additional test of multi-telomere FISH equates to spending £4,957 to obtain a single diagnosis with 92% cases requiring further tests to reach a diagnosis at a later stage. Using multi-telomere MLPA the figure is reduced to £2,129 per diagnosis, again with 92% cases requiring further tests to reach a diagnosis. By contrast, the aCGH route equates to £3,118 per single diagnosis (assuming 10% more diagnoses than karyotyping plus multi-telomere testing combined), with no further tests for genomic imbalance required. This reduces to £2,440 per diagnosis if the diagnostic yield of aCGH is 15% more than karyotyping plus multi-telomere testing.
This paper has reported a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing aCGH with karyotyping for detecting genomic imbalances that diagnose ILD. The average cost of aCGH was £442 per single (patient) sample and the average cost of karyotyping was £117 per sample. The majority of the cost-difference was accounted for by the array cost. Thus, from a single test perspective, aCGH is more expensive than karyotyping, explaining, in part, the hesitation by commissioners to fund aCGH in NHS diagnostic laboratories.
In reality, the situation is more complex because information regarding subsequent tests for genomic imbalance must be considered before the true cost-effectiveness can emerge. We have shown that the overall cost per diagnosis of the karyotyping route, including a single multi-telomere FISH assay (£4,957) is more expensive than that of the aCGH route (£3,118) that yields 10% more diagnoses. However, if the less conservative yield of 15% more diagnoses is correct, then the aCGH cost reduces to £2,440 per diagnosis, a figure more comparable to karyotyping plus the alternative multi-telomere assay, MLPA (£2,129 per diagnosis). Importantly, 92% of cases tested by karyotyping and a multi-telomere assay will require further tests for an eventual diagnosis. By contrast, the aCGH route, which effectively represents karyotyping, multi-telomere testing and not one, but ∼34,000 interstitial FISH tests as well as assaying the entire human genome at higher resolution is unlikely to require further genome-wide tests for genome imbalance.
Stand-alone karyotyping is the cheapest test when considered per diagnosis (£2,067), but this is at the sacrifice of missing ∼75% (12/18) diagnoses achievable by aCGH (Fig. 4). Thus, the crux of the aCGH versus karyotyping argument in ILD comes down to diagnostic capability versus cost; how much is it acceptable to spend and how many diagnoses is it acceptable to miss? aCGH clearly offers the greatest diagnostic capability, providing 10–15% more diagnoses over all other available tests.
One limitation of our study is that we do not know the full magnitude of the cost for additional follow-up tests after karyotyping. However, we do know that such costs would rapidly escalate and even then the majority of diagnoses achievable by aCGH would be missed; clinically relevant genomic imbalances found by genome-wide aCGH are rarely recurrent and therefore targeted approaches are unlikely to improve diagnostic yield (Veltman and de Vries 2006). Even if multi-telomere FISH or multi-telomere MLPA are not the tests chosen following karyotyping, costing in only five targeted tests for genomic imbalance at £100/test for every sample with a normal karyotype would raise the overall cost of testing 100 patients to ∼£59,402 (compared with £56,130 for aCGH) and offer negligible improvement in resolution overall. Thus, even without precise costing of follow-up tests, our results suggest that aCGH is the most cost-effective testing strategy in the long-term for testing ILD patients.
A further study limitation is the use of a simple outcome measure, diagnosis, rather than the more usual cost per quality adjusted life year promoted by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. However, describing and valuing health states in children is difficult and well documented (Petrou 2003). Current methodological work in health economics may give useable health states for children, but is unlikely to be suited for those with LD.
In this study, one scenario that we were unable to cost either for karyotyping or array CGH was that of further researching apparently inherited genome imbalances for which clinical relevance cannot be excluded. Such cases may reflect benign variants or may cause disease through unmasking recessive mutations, through variable penetrance or through imprinting, for example. Currently these account for up to 32% cases (see Fig. 4) and therefore follow-up tests such as sequencing would be prohibitively expensive (not all inherited imbalances are small). However, as more and more studies are performed and more data regarding benign/relevant genome imbalances and genotype/phenotype correlations are added to databases, it is anticipated that the clinical relevance of a significant number of these cases will be defined earlier, thereby minimising the need for parental testing or additional follow up tests. This in turn will lead to reduced aCGH testing costs and costs arising from doctor/counsellor time taken to discuss uncertain results. Furthermore, it may become possible to reduce costs more by employing better defined clinical 'gatekeeping' criteria to help clinical geneticists direct testing (thereby minimising total tests done). Databases such as The Database of Genomic Variants (http://projects.tcag.ca/variation/), The Human Structural Variation database, (http://humanparalogy.gs.washington.edu/structuralvariation/), ECARUCA (http://agserver01.azn.nl:8080/ecaruca/ecaruca.jsp) and the DatabasE of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources (DECIPHER http://www.sanger.ac.uk/PostGenomics/decipher/) have all been designed to expedite these processes. Another possibility may be to use targeted arrays as an initial screening test for paediatrician referrals, though currently these offer no cost advantage over genome-wide arrays and utility will depend on a high diagnostic pick-up rate.
In the meantime, it will continue to be important for families to be counselled in possible outcomes before taking up the test, for both parental samples to be available for testing and for any outgoing laboratory reports to be carefully designed with clearly defined results e.g. array batch, controls used, imbalances found, confirmatory method and database search results that might help inform clinical relevance.
In conclusion, our study demonstrates that in the context of ILD, genome-wide aCGH is viable for NHS diagnostic use. Indeed, where possible, it may be appropriate to replace karyotyping with aCGH as the first-line test for genomic imbalance in ILD. If needed, samples that are normal by aCGH could then be karyotyped in order to identify truly balanced rearrangements or further characterise genome imbalances. Additionally, aCGH is expected to be useful for clarifying previous equivocal karyotyping results (e.g. enabling definition of a cryptic translocation in a family where only one of two unbalanced outcomes is cytogenetically visible).
In the future, improved diagnostic yields of aCGH and reduced follow-up tests will lower the costs of clinical follow-up and additional investigations. Advances in technology will also reduce costs (e.g. automation, increased probe density, multi-sample and cheaper array production and hybridisation methods) and software improvements may reduce analysis time.
Finally, it is important to note that potential applications of microarray technology extend beyond the genetic diagnosis of ILD to include a range of other conditions with suspected genome imbalance and/or aberrant gene expression e.g. haematological malignancies, colorectal cancer and other fields including oncology, immunology, neurology and pathology. The UK Department of Health is keen for the NHS to adopt new technologies (Department of Health 2003), yet commissioners are unable to endorse implementation without considering the clinical utility and economic implications of technology adoption. Our costing, with the results divided into different testing stages provides a framework for costing array implementation in different settings. Not least, it is intended that the study will be useful for healthcare providers faced with the decision of introducing aCGH testing into NHS laboratories before the availability of substantial effectiveness information.
The authors are grateful for financial support from the Oxford Genetics Knowledge Park (Dept of Health and Dept of Trade and Industry: RR, SK and JT). SW is supported by a UK Department of Health Fellowship. We acknowledge support from the UK Microarray Working Party, especially Hilary Burton, John Barber and Phillipa Brice.
Authors' Affiliations
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Two members of Iraq's parliament have testified before a congressional committee about future U.S. - Iraq relations. As VOA's Dan Robinson reports from Capitol Hill, in their testimony, the two members of Iraq's Council of Representatives urged a delay in agreements being negotiated with the United States.
U.S. and Iraqi officials hope to conclude negotiations by the end of July on a framework accord defining a long-term bilateral security relationship, and a Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) formalizing the basis for a U.S. troop presence after a United Nations mandate expires at the end of this year.
But this week, an Iraqi government spokesman pointed to differences with the United States, saying the two sides were still far apart, and Iraq is concerned about preserving its sovereignty and protecting its interests.
The Bush administration asserts that neither prospective agreement would commit U.S. troops to defend Iraq against internal or external threats, or authorize U.S. bases in Iraq, although a non-binding statement of principles signed last year included language about defending Iraq against threats.
Democrats and some Republicans believe Congress must approve any accord. Here is Massachusetts Congressman William Delahunt.
"We continue to demand of President Bush and Secretary Rice that any agreement that is beyond the typical status of forces agreement, and I underscored the word typical, is brought before the U.S Congress, whether it be an international agreement or a treaty for the approval of this House and the U.S. Senate," saidCongressman Delahunt.
Iraqi parliament member and professor Nadeem al-Jaberi asserts that negotiations are being hurried, and says Iraq's government isn't ready to undertake such a commitment.
"We believe that for any bilateral agreement to be signed it would be better it would be done after the withdrawal of American troops, when Iraq is fully qualified and when the Iraqi government is in a position to defend the interests of the Iraqi people," said Nadeem al-Jaberi.
Representative Delahunt pointed to a letter to the U.S. Congress signed by 34 members of Iraq's parliament. It states that any U.S.-Iraq agreement must be ratified by Iraq's Council of Representatives, and rejects any accord not requiring a timetable for withdrawing U.S. troops.
Iraqi parliament member Sheikh Khalaf al-Ulayyan, from Sunni al-Anbar province, says any U.S. withdrawal that is not carefully-planned would be dangerous and leave Iraq open to a takeover by Iran.
But he agrees that a U.S.-Iraq agreement should be delayed until a new U.S. president takes office.
"This agreement if it is to go through right now will make things more difficult and we prefer to delay this agreement until there is a new administration in the U.S. Hopefully the new administration will take decisions that will serve the interests of the American people and Iraq," said Sheikh Khalaf al-Ulayyan.
Ulayyan says Iraq will need ongoing help in all aspects, including the training and equipping of its military, but he says any future U.S. presence should be strictly civilian rather than military.
He faced this question from Republican Dana Rohrabacher:
ROHRABACHER: "Would you have preferred that the U.S. would not have conducted the military operations it did in order to rid Iraq of Saddam Hussein?"
ULAYYAN: "We prefer [that] it [wouldn't have] happened, because this led to the destruction of the country."
ROHRABACHER: "OK, so you would have preferred the U.S. not to have gone in and got rid of Saddam Hussein?"
ULAYYAN: "The United States got rid of one person but they brought hundreds of persons who are worse than Saddam."
Kenneth Katzman of the Congressional Research Service believes chances are unlikely of securing Iraqi parliament approval of any draft agreement by July.
"Maliki is going to have to water down the agreement so much, and try to limit what the U.S. military can do in Iraq so much, that it would then become unacceptable to the U.S. military in terms of what legal status the U.S. military would be under, and mainly the freedom of action enjoyed by U.S. forces after such agreements," said Katzman.
A senior Iranian official, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, issued a sharp public criticism Wednesday of U.S.-Iraqi security negotiations.
The remarks, in Saudi Arabia, came in advance of the second visit in a year to Iran by Iraqi Prime Minister al-Maliki.


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Hello from the PigPen in Janesville!
We still have rescue pigs awaiting new homes (watch petfinder for postings of their "mugshots"), but we also want to bring to your attention all the pigs that are still awaiting homes in your local shelters and humane societies. We encourage people to consider adopting these lovely guinea pigs straight from the shelter.
Shelters and humane societies are being severely hurt by the economy right now. Donations are down, but animal surrenders are up. Many shelters do not have the funds to house and care for the smaller animals and exotics for a lengthy period of time. Be aware that they often do not post the smaller animals on petfinder along with cats and dogs, but it doesn't mean they have no guinea pigs (or rats or hamsters or gerbils) available for adoption. Ninety nine percent of the guinea pigs that come through the Wisconsin Guinea Pig Rescue are pulled from Wisconsin shelters when their "time is up" and most of them are young pigs that are a year old or younger.
Here are a few tips and ideas if you are considering adopting from your local shelter:
-Do your research and have your cage and supplies all ready before you bring your new pig/pigs home. Remember that petstore cages are way too small for these animals to live in, so consider a C&C cage like the ones at http://guineapigcages.com/ .
-Call your local shelters and humane societies frequently to find out if they have guinea pigs available and have them take your name and contact information down so they can call you if pigs become available.
-Oftentimes you need to visit frequently in person to let shelters know that you are looking for pet guinea pigs.
-Read through the sexing guides on the GuineaLynx Health Care Guide (http://www.guinealynx.info) so you can double check the sexes of available guinea pigs at the shelter (mistakes can happen!). If you are not sure about the sex of an animal, see if you can take the animal to a vet prior to finalizing the adoption.
-If you are looking for a friend for a pig that you already have, do take the precaution to quarantine any new animals in a separate room from your present pets for 3 weeks. It's not a bad idea to take the new pig for a visit to a cavy savvy vet during that quarantine period to rule out any illnesses or the presence of mites or lice. Also have the vet doublecheck the pig's gender. An accidental pairing of a male and female puts the female at serious risk(complications, often resulting in death, are quite common with guinea pig pregnancy and birth).
-Often guinea pigs have been eating an inferior brand of pellets and have not been given hay or fresh daily vegetables when they are surrendered to a shelter. Do provide unlimited hay (SO important to healthy digestion and healthy teeth!) and immediately switch to a decent pressed pellet (like Oxbow brand Cavy Cuisine) which contains no seeds, nuts or bits. Also start immediately to introduce fresh vegetables, but keep in mind it may take the guinea pig time to get used to them if they have not been eating them (sometimes they are even a little scared of a piece of lettuce at first).
-The best way to monitor the health of your new guinea pig is to use a digital scale to weigh the pig weekly. A pig adopted from a shelter will often show an initial weight jump (anxiety from being in a shelter environment can affect appetite) and then it is quite normal to see a gradual weight gain thereafter (from typical growth).
-It's scary for a guinea pig to be in a shelter environment and it will take a few weeks or even up to a month for a guinea pig to start to relax and get used to your home. Be patient. Remember that a guinea pig may not have had a lot of handling before it was surrendered to the shelter so it may take time before it feels comfortable being picked up and held. Of course, young children should never be allowed to catch and hold a guinea pig and that is even more so the case with a pig that is not used to being handled.
-Giving a shelter pig a new home is just as rewarding as providing a home for one of our pigs in rescue (99% of our rescue pigs were pulled from shelters just like yours) and we hope you will not hesitate to look into the option if you are wanting to add a pair of these lovely animals to your family.
-Volunteers from the Wisconsin Guinea Pig Rescue are more than willing to answer questions you have about pigs you have adopted from the local shelter. Don't hesitate to drop us an e-mail.
Feb 28, 2010
3 comments:
Also you may get your guinea pigs at guinea pig rescue or shelter which is highly recommended. There are thousands of guinea pigs that die in animal shelters because pet stores immediately give them off to these shelters when they encounter health problems or if their cavies are pregnant. So why not adopt when you want guinea pigs. http://www.expertguineapigcare.com/guinea-pig-rescueReplyDelete
Great adoption tips! I think more people should begin considering adopting guineas! They'll be giving well deserving pets great homes!ReplyDelete
Adopting a guinea pig can be a challenge but really worthwhile.ReplyDelete
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More wine please!
Kurow Winery and Vintners Drop, Kurow, Waitaki District, North Otago
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The Waitaki Valley is New Zealand's youngest premium wine country and like the rest of the district's cuisine owes its unique flavours to a combination of soils and geology and coolish climate.
Long "indian summers" result in a slow ripening of grapes, enhancing flavours and minerality in the wines.
Aromatic white wines and pinot noir from the small hand-tended vineyards are distinctive and specific to the region - truly wines of 'terroir'
The first cellar door opened in 2007 and now serves stunning Waitaki produce and Italian style platters alongside your wine tasting.
Kurow Winery produces two premium labels predominantly from the pristine valleys of the Waitaki and Hakataramea, Kurow Village and Pasquale.
The wines focus is on purity of fruit, they represent the natural clean freshness of these regions.
The Vintners Drop can be found in the old Post Office building in Kurow and is the Valley's first regional tasting room with most local wines stocked and has bottle sales and tastings.
Brands include Craggy Range, Black Stilt, Bobbing Creek, Forrest, Ostler, Pasquale/Kurow, Valli & Waitaki Braids.
For a unique wine experience then driving down State Highway 83 into Kurow is a must do or join up with Wine Tours Otago for their Waitaki Taster Tour running Wednesdays, Thursdays and Sundays! Cheers!


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The Beginning of Heart of Chaos
Heart of Chaos (HOC) was created in 2003 with the financial & inspirational support of Catalyst for Youth, a 501 (c) 3 California corporation. The core idea was to provide a venue for emerging and under-recognized artists, writers, poets, musicians, performance artists and photographers to showcase and market their work. Mentoring through communication with established artists enriches both parties and fosters new ideas and inspiration.
Growing Artisan Collective
Our artisan collective is a growing group of dynamic and wildly creative people of all mediums. We have put on many solo, group and community exhibits as well as San Jose's 1st and 2nd Annual Chalk Art Festival. Check out our events section to find out what is coming next. Artists of all mediums are welcome to apply for volunteer based artist membership, learn more here. If you would like to partner with Heart of Chaos please contact us.
Donations Welcome
Heart of Chaos is a volunteer run organization. Our livelihood is based upon volunteers and donations to the non-profit Catalyst for Youth. We are currently seeking funding to support a space of our own. To contribute click the donate button below, or mail a check payable to Heart of Chaos to Heart of Chaos, C/O Joanne Hobbs, 1724 Alberta Avenue, San Jose, CA 95125.
Learn More About Heart of Chaos
>>Upcoming Events
>>Become a Member
>>Meet the Board of Directors
>>Meet the Advisory Board
>>Event History
>>Contact us


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One credit of religious studies is required for graduation. If a student can present documentation of approximately 120 hours of religious training, the requirement can be waived. Documentation consists of confirmation certificates if obtained after the age of 11, school transcripts indicating at least one year of religious instruction, Latter Day Saints Seminary Certificates indicating one year of seminary course work completion, a letter from the student's church certifying that he/she has completed one year of formal religious training, or a Bar/Bat Mitzvah certificate. Religious studies are considered a social studies credit. Students must select one of the two options.
Survey of World Religions
This course is designed to give an overview of the different religions practiced throughout the world. The five major religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism) are studied in some detail, while other Eastern and Modern Religions are introduced. The main purpose of the course is to give students an awareness of the different religions and cultures that people in the world practice and the ability to understand something about these people when they see them in society or hear about a holiday or celebration.


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Continuing Medical Education
Specialty Areas
- See the latest cardiovascular resources at the Broward Health Channel
- Children's Hospital Boston
He is chairperson of the Committee on Cancer Activities and Surgical Quality Improvement Committee at Beth Israel. His program established a breast surgery fellowship in 2002 and is currently training it's sixth fellow. This program has recently received a full five year certification. He is an active member of SSO(Society of Surgical Oncology), ASCO(American Society of Clinical Oncology), ASBD(American Society of Breast Disease) and is chairperson of the publication committee for ASBS(American Society of Breast Surgeons). He is a member of the editorial board for The Breast Journal, and is an invited reviewer for the Annals of Surgical Oncology and the American Journal of Surgery. He has lectured and published extensively on minimally invasive breast surgery, mammary ductoscopy, endoscopic/oncoplastic surgery, sentinel node biopsy, BSGI(breast specific gamma imaging)environmental factors and breast cancer, compassion in medicicine, physician-patient communication and holistic surgical practice.
Sheldon Feldman, MD FACS is associated with the following videos.


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Chris Walters
Women's March 1; Photography; 18" x 24"
Artist's Statement
Photographs are quite literally, the light of other days, the manifestation of past as present. Like surrogate memories, photographs allow the viewer to actualize the past, evoking feelings and memories that are no more. As they think upon this past, they are often confronted by all that comes with it. But rather than looking on with longing and sadness, I hope the viewer will embrace the beauty and sanctity in both the photograph itself and the act of viewing it. By doing so, they can engage in rather than disengage from life around them and let the illumination of the present moment wash over them.
About the Artist
A Corning, NY based photographer focusing primarily on black & white and long exposure photography, I currently serving as the Grants Manager & Gallery Curator for The ARTS Council of the Southern Finger Lakes. Prior to this, I worked overseas as the Country Director/Educational Programs Manager for an international non-profit. I have a BA in Interdisciplinary Humanities from the University of West Florida, an MA in International Educational Development from Columbia University, and completed two years of service as a Peace Corps Volunteer in the country of Georgia. Since 2013, I have shown my work in exhibitions throughout the Finger Lakes region including Corning, Elmira, Ithaca, Penn Yan, and Watkins Glen. Recent honors include the Stephen and Elise Rosenfeld Excellence in Photography Award (1st Place) in the Arts Center of Yates County's 2016 Annual Juried Exhibition and Prize Winner in State of the Art Gallery's 27th Annual Juried Photography Exhibition. In 2016 I opened my first three solo exhibitions - Home, at 171 Cedar Arts Center's Houghton Gallery, From Whence We Came at Alfred State College's Hinkle Gallery, and The Light of Other Days at Mansfield University's Loomis Gallery. In spring 2018 I will be part of a 4 person group show at Elmira College's George Waters Gallery.
Women's March 2; Photography; 18" x 24"
Chris Walters
Corning, NY
Corning, NY


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Mr. Cactus received two degrees from Brigham Young University.
That is one reason I love to watch
Our Son-In-Law was a top Soccer player.
Now our Grandchildren, even at their young ages, are playing soccer too.
Top Soccer Shoot Out Ever
Scott Sterling, Face of Steel
Make sure to especially watch the very last play.
To watch more
Studio C
*I especially like their Hunger Games The Musical clips


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About Qwest
For over 17 years, Qwest has manufactured investment products with investment experts within the company or by partnering with investment industry experts and business leaders.
Our portfolio management teams have managed our branded products which include flow-through limited partnerships; mutual funds and private equity funds.
Our associated companies and product partners provide various opportunities which include; finance, real estate, technology and resources.
Our mission is to be recognized as a leader in those sectors in which Qwest or our partners have expertise. We will achieve this goal by attracting the right people, by expanding our products and our business partnerships, by delivering quality investment products, by providing effective portfolio management and by delivering competitive performance results against our peers.
Our vision is to be known for our dedication to people through disciplined ethical and professional treatment of our clients, employees and other stakeholders.
- Leadership
We understand leadership starts at the top of an organization and we want to grow leaders throughout our company to ensure our mission and vision statements are achieved.
- Reputation
Our reputation is most important to us. We take our responsibilities for proper corporate governance and ethical conduct seriously. We want to keep our clients' trust.
- Clients
Our focus is "success through collaboration" to provide top tier performance for our clients.
- Employees
Our employees are people first. Our goal is to always focus on creating a "culture of greatness" with our valued team members.
COMPANY BROCHURE Learn more
Qwest Investment Management Corp.
Qwest Investment Management Corp. is an investment management firm specializing in identifying emerging trend opportunities, managing merchant banking transactions and structuring investment products in those sectors of the capital markets in which it has experience and expertise. Our management teams bring a wealth of experience in corporate and financial product structuring, merchant banking and investment fund management, as well as the skills and experience necessary to evaluate and manage the risk and rewards inherent in those sectors of the global markets in which we participate.
Qwest Investment Fund Management Ltd.
Qwest Investment Fund Management Ltd. ("QIFM") provides investment fund management and portfolio management for its various investment funds. QIFM is a company incorporated under the provisions of the Canada Business Corporations Act on September 27, 2005. QIFM is registered as a Portfolio Manager (or the equivalent) under the securities legislation and an Investment Fund Manager (or the equivalent). QIFM is an Exempt Market Dealer registered in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Saskatchewan and Ontario, with British Columbia Securities Commission as its primary regulator.
Qwest Funds Corp.
Qwest Funds Corp. is the corporate class of mutual funds owned 51% by Qwest Investment Management Corp and 49% by AlphaDelta Management Corp.
Heritage Bancorp Ltd.
Heritage Bancorp Ltd. provides accounting and administrative services for the Qwest group of companies.


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Lenz Moserklosterkeller Siegendorf Red (2007)
|Lenz Moser
|Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot
|Table Wines
Write a description for this winery.
|Lenz Moser
|Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot
|Table Wines
Find more information at http://www.ourniche.com/wine/Siegendorf-Red/
History of the grape: Pinot Blanc was first grown in Burgundy and Champagne, France, and can be traced by some source...
Grüner Veltliner (spelled Gruener when the umlaut is not present and also known as Weissgipfler, Manhardsrebe Grüner...
History of the grape: Zweigelt was created in 1922 by Fritz Zweigelt at the Institute of Viticulture and Pomology in...
Blaufränkisch is the most important Austrian red variety to many Austrian vintners despite the fact it is not the mos...
Page 1 of 2Lenz Moser on Snooth
August 2013
well done, easy drinking, go to Read More
April 2012
Have had this in my cellar for many years, probably 10+. Enjoyed it on 6 April, 2012 with chocolate fondant prepared by my youngest daughter. A faboulus fondant by the way. An old sweet wine like this (from 1999) is always risky, but can be rewarding as well. This was the latter, definitely - smooth, light, with limited and gentle sweetness. A ... Read More
July 2011
No written review
July 2011
Want to find more information about this wine?Visit http://www.ourniche.com/wine/Lenz-Moser-Grüner-Veltliner/ Read More
June 2011
No written review
June 2011
No written review
June 2011
No written review
June 2011
Find more information at http://www.ourniche.com/wine/Siegendorf-Red/ Read More
November 2010
Bright greenish yellow, aromas of dried straw and green fruits, grapefruit and green melon rind notes that are followed by good acid and a touch of white pepper. Read More
August 2010
Winemaker's Notes: Quality wine, dry. Wine growing area Lower Austria. Greenish yellow, spicy and fresh on the nose. Light with spicy overtones and fruity body. Reviving, pleasantly fresh length. An uncomplicated but expressive and lively white wine for many occasions. Read More
Apr 23, 2010
New image uploaded to this page.
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Why You Should Take Care In Following Diet And Other Weight Loss Plans
Almost everyone has experienced how challenging it's to get rid of the additional pounds. You will find just most of us who cannot appear to lose calories body fat enough. Possibly it may be because we do not pay much focus on our consumption of calories. Still, we imagine getting a very trim figure therefore we really are a sucker for a myriad of diet programs and the like. But we should be aware that you will find diets and individuals that are only a product of glitzy advertising. Thus, we have to exercise caution when trying to test a brand new diet program. We ought to be careful when testing out weight reduction items.
Now you will find a couple of essential factors to keep in mind when you are attempting to slim down. They are certainly easy to understand but performing them is yet another factor. Let us attempt to tackle them 1 by 1. First, it isn't nearly the amount of food we eat around it's about the standard. Almost everyone has this idea that reducing on food will immediately result in weight reduction. The greater accurate concept is the fact that whenever you consume a smaller amount of the incorrect kinds of food, you'll slim down faster. What exactly is recognized as the incorrect types of food? Generally, we ought to avoid meals rich in carbohydrates and saturated fats content.
You will find kinds of food which are hard to break lower like individuals full of oil and sodium content and sugars. Processed meals are prime good examples as well as pork, pasta, grain cakes and much more. It's also wise to be cautious with sea food since they are not only will also be at the top of mercury content. It's not only oil, fatty,and sweet meals that you ought to avoid however the salty ones too. Remember that salt helps in bloating so you'll really feel bloated. Attempt to operate a check and you will discover sports athletes and bodybuilders participate in no-salt diets. A no-salt diet is the easiest method to eliminate everything water weight.
Next, you have to get enough exercise in. However, you shouldn't try to exhaust yourself. Which means you must have an effective workout program that may address unwanted weight problems. A lot of us exercise our physiques towards the limit simply to discover that people haven't really become eliminate individuals unwanted weight. Remember that in slimming down, physical effort isn't the perfect solution that you could have. You need to follow a highly effective weightloss routine which mixes both exercise and diet. Lastly, you need to re-assess your day-to-day activities. You need to balance your everyday activities inside a practical way. You have to make sufficient time for work, foods, exercise, and sleep. Condition your body and great and still do it today!


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No -- I didn't get a job at a different shelter. And the shelter isn't new -- although parts of it are. Our shelter is undergoing a renovation. This huge project started with the addition of 5,400 square feet to our building. We've been watching the building grow since June of this year.
Most of the new addition is up and much of it is ready to be used. Over the weekend we moved the cats into their new space, and our front office staff also moved to a new reception and office area. All of us have had to figure out the new layout.
Yesterday I conducted my first tour since the changes with Cub Scout Pack 5 -- and before they arrived I took my own tour (I had to know where I was going, after all!).
It certainly is exciting to see how beautiful the new space is, and the advantages there will be for our animals. The cats will no longer be able to hear the dogs barking, and will have their own laundry and kitchen areas. Our small animals are moving into a much bigger space - no more cramped quarters! And small dogs will have a room of their own so that they won't feel intimidated by the big dogs.
Right now we're still dealing with the construction as it moves into the existing building and remodeling starts. As I write this I'm listing to saws and pounding. But when it's completed by the time Winter Camp starts it will be well worth it.
Thursday, November 12, 2009
New Shelter, New Tours
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NEW YORK (AP) - There will be two new star-crossed lovers at "Once" on Broadway.
Producers of the hit show said Monday that Tony Award-winner Steve Kazee and Tony nominated Cristin Milioti will leave the show after Sunday's performance.
That date will also mark the end of the run for original cast members Will Connolly and Elizabeth A. Davis, who earned a Tony nomination as a supporting actress.
Ben Hope, who has playing the role of Guy since Kazee went out on vocal rest, wins the part on a permanent basis. Laura Dreyfuss will take over from Milioti as Guy's love interest.
Like the film, the musical features songs by Marketa Irglova and Glen Hansard, including "Falling Slowly." It won eight Tonys last year, including the best musical honor.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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This week, we are joined by Keith Poston, President and Executive Director of the Public School Forum of North Carolina. We discuss the current state of public education including the challenges facing current educators, high teacher turnover rates, and the decreasing numbers of college students going into education majors in the UNC-system.
Starting today, the Public School Forum will begin hosting "EdTalks" across the state to discuss the current state of affairs in public education. To join in their online conversation on the Teacher Pipeline Crisis visit edtalks.ncforum.org and use #EdTalksNC to weigh in.


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I never needed a Windows Service application before, and I came across this type of project while googling for some other .Net capabilities, so I thought to give it a try. A Windows Service is a very useful toy when you need running tasks in background. How you do it:
Step 1: Create a new Windows Service project inside Visual Studio (2005 or 2008) and name it whatever you like:
Step 2: Rename the Service1.cs auto-generated class (I called it TestWindowsService); add a Timer object and edit OnStart and OnStop events added by Visual Studio:
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Timers;
using System.IO;
namespace TestWindowsService
public partial class TestWindowsService : ServiceBase
Timer timer = new Timer(2000);
public TestWindowsService()
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
timer.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(timer_Elapsed);
timer.Enabled = true;
protected override void OnStop()
timer.Enabled = false;
void timer_Elapsed(object sender, ElapsedEventArgs e)
using (TextWriter tw = new StreamWriter("C:\output" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyMMddHHmmss") + ".txt"))
tw.WriteLine("Text written at " + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss"));
There are also other events that you can edit, like OnContinue, OnCustomCommand, OnPause, OnPowerEvent, OnShutdown; for this, check the definition of ServiceBase class, from which your service is derived.
Step 3: Add an installer for your service: in the design view for your service class, right click and choose Add Installer:
Visual Studio will add an installer class, called ProjectInstaller.cs, having two components in design mode, serviceProcessInstaller and serviceInstaller. Modify the properties of these components as described below:
If you don't set the Account of the serviceProcessInstaller component as LocalSystem, leaving it with User value instead, you'll have to provide a user and a password on the installation process.
Step 4: Install the service you just created. For this, go to Start -> Programs -> Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 -> Visual Studio Tools -> Visual Studio 2008 Command Prompt, and use the following command on the new opened window:
InstallUtil /i TestWindowsService.exe
Be sure to provide the full path to your executable file. To uninstall the service, use
InstallUtil /u TestWindowsService.exe
Step 5: Start the service by going to Services console (from Administrative Tools under Windows XP) and start the service
Note: The service will create several text files at every 2 seconds, so be sure to stop it after you tested its functionality.


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Lagos is proud to host the West African Gaming Expo (WAGE) on Monday 31st, October 2016 from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m . This incredible event aims to introduce educational gaming, game designing, game development and game playing to the local African community. This will facilitate young African entrepreneurs to invest their time and energy in gaming and game development which is a highly innovative and a lucrative sector.
"Live Learn Play Africa" is the theme of the WAGE 2016 event. This technology conference and exhibition has a focus on animation, video, and mobile games. Every year, participants are introduced to the worldwide gaming industry and are taught ways they can be successful in the said industry.
This initiative is a brilliant one as it will go a long way to inspire, encourage and teach many more Africans on game development. We all know how African tech entrepreneurs are obsessed about creating local games which depict Africa's heritage and culture, for example, the Kiro games of Cameroon.
The Gaming industry is a very lucrative one. If you're interested in learning game development, then this conference is just for you. Don't miss this opportunity. Feel free to register here and don't hesitate to apply here. It's a free event, so no worries about paying for a ticket.[gtranslate]


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I was surprised there's not much information about printing with Replicator and PLA on Makerbot's site. And i was surprised that it's impossible to heat the base plate in MakerWare when printing with PLA. I read about using a glass plate or "blue painters tape" instead.
Blue painters tape is just simple Kreppband from the hardware store and it works fine. The print sticks on it and doesn't warp at all.
My impressions so far:
– No fumes and ABS smell
– Faster prints because no need for printing bed heating
– No warping so far (no need for windows)
– Material is not as smooth as ABS


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Through a friend I found out about Glass Slipper Studio's because of their emmense support of industrial hemp and medical marijuana businesses. The more I learned about this highly qualified studio, the more I appreciated their attention to detail in every aspect of the production cycle. They have around 2000 sq. feet of an insanely professional state of the art studio space. With the newest and most advanced equipment, it is my belief they are able to meet all of your production needs be them medical marijuana/hemp related or not. The main studio space is 39 ft wide 56 Ft deep with 17 ft high ceilings. They have redefined the standards in production capabilities and equipped the studio with Paul Buss White Lightning, Alien Bee, and Profoto strobes, along with the newest accessories and modifiers including their new 86" parabolic… and this is just some of what they available to meet your production needs
When you rent at Glass Slipper Studio, they include:
- Three strobes with modifiers.
- Your choice of a variety of cloth photo backdrops, as well as hard sets, a 20 ft green screen, and our new blackout room (12 x 15 x 10 ft of total darkness).
- A wardrobe room with two hair and make up stations, complete with lighted mirrors and luxurious, fully reclining makeup chairs.
- Audio playback via a CD or iPod connected to our 2000 watt playback system.
- Wireless Internet
- A production room and agency lounge area.
- Ample secure parking which can fit up to 3 production trucks and plenty of cars
As you can see this is not your average production studio. The Glass Slipper Studio has what it takes to help make your project stand out above the rest! Your medical marijuana, cannabis and industrial hemp friendly studio of choice! Don't forget to check out there website and when your booking with them… Tell them your heard about how awesome they are from CannabisSativa.com!
Still want to know more about the Glass Slipper Studio's?
Glass Slipper Studio, state of the art studio with features that make any project easier. Check out this extended list of inclusions when you rent studio time at Glass Slipper Studio. Glass Slipper Studio also had a list of other props and items available at an additional fee, they really have thought of everything!
- 3 Paul Buff White Lighting strobes
- 7″ cone reflectors
- 86" Parabolic umbrella / china ball
- 47" Octobox
- 32" x 40" Softbox
- 22" Beauty Dish
- 24" x 36" Softbox
- Umbrellas
- Honeycomb grids
- Light Mood Snoot
- Heavy duty light stand with boom
- Heavy duty light stands
- Background support systems
- Multiple cloth backdrops
- Hard Sets
- 2 Hair and Makeup Stations, Wardrobe Room
- Audio system with iPod/MP3/CD Jack
The Glass Slipper Studio is your one-stop studio answer in North Hollywood! The studio is the realization of a dream of Hal J Lewis, who has been serving the film, video and photography community for the last 24 years. Hal has dozens of feature credits, hundreds of episodic's and thousand's of commercials and music video's he is a seasoned vet.
Since 2007 Hal had a vision to open a studio where fellow collogues could come explore and share knowledge, experience and hope with each other, and the film community as a whole hence Glass Slipper Studio was born…
Check them out! I think you will love what they can do… The Glass Slipper Studio


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News from the world of Maths
We often think of mathematics as a language, but does our brain process mathematical structures in the same way as it processes language? A new study published in the journal Psychological Science suggests that it does: the process of storing and reusing syntax "works across cognitive domains."
If you are, then you may be one of the 5 to 7% of the population suffering from dyscalculia, the mathematical equivalent of dyslexia. But unlike many dyslexia sufferers, you probably haven't received the help you need to cope with your condition. As a recent article published in the journal Science points out, dyscalculia is the "poor relation" of dyslexia.
Kneeling in the mud by a country road on a cold drizzly day, I finally appreciated the wonder that is a lever. I was trying to change a flat tyre and even jumping on the end of the wheel wrench wouldn't budge the wheel nuts. But when the AA arrived they undid them with ease, thanks to a wheel wrench that was three times the size of mine. There you have it ... size really does matter!
How big is the Universe? And how small is the smallest thing within it? This cute website developed by Cary Huang puts things into perspective. It lets you explore the entire range of scales, from the smallest length (the Planck length) all the way up to the entire Universe, via atoms, people, giant earthworms, planets, galaxies and more.
If you've ever marvelled at the elegance of a paper crane or just struggled to refold a map you will enjoy the next Maths-Art seminar from the London Knowledge Lab.
Astronomers have this month trained the world's largest steerable radio telescope on 86 Earth-like planets. The data collected by the telescope will later be analsyed by an estimated one million amateur alien hunters, users of SETI@home, for messages from other civilisations.
Guilt, so some people have suggested, is what makes us nice. When we do someone a favour or choose not to exploit someone vulnerable, we do it because we fear the guilt we'd feel otherwise. A team of neuroscientists, psychologists and economists have this month produced some new results in this area, using a model from psychological game theory.


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German wave sailor Max Droege has just sent in this little clip from his trip to Cape Town. A super nice video with quite a...
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