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The A Team
These guys are a well-oiled moving machine. Maybe it's because they grew up together or maybe it's because of all the training and experience they have under their collective belt. Either way, if there was some kind of national award for 'fastest and most careful moving team' – we're pretty sure they'd come up top. Although our other moving crews would certainly give them a run for their money!
The A-team are your best choice for 2-4 bedroom homes. They're a very responsible bunch and have a 'get the job done' attitude, you'll be amazed by their speed and efficiency.
Team Leader
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Thanks for visiting my blog! Please contact me if you're thinking about purchasing a Mercedes-Benz in the
Atlanta area.
Support Team BenzBlogger on the 2019 Rally New England
The 2019 Mercedes-Benz A-Class made its debut recently and was extensively covered by the automotive press. Normally this hatchback doesn't get any attention in the Untied States because it has never been sold here. However, this time is a little different.
No, the 2019 Mercedes-Benz A-Class hatchback is not coming to the US. However, the framework and technology will be translated to a more US-friendly sedan styled vehicle that we are expecting to be for sale by the end of calendar year 2018! The Concept A Sedan is featured in the Future Vehicle section of MBUSA and should give you a pretty good idea of what the A-sedan might look like.
Later on this A-Class architecture will be the basis for the next generation CLA and GLA-Class vehicles so we are getting a sneak peek into those models as well.
There are also a lot of great reviews of the A-Class hatchback that might help you understand the underpinnings of this new model.
Car and Driver – "When it comes to the user interface, infotainment, and telematics, the next A-class will be more advanced than the S-class. Or pretty much any other car in the market, for that matter."
AutoWeek – "The launch of the A-Class sedan will be a pretty significant step for Mercedes-Benz in the States; it's the first true sub-C-Class sedan model offered here (we're not counting the near-fastback CLA), which should present a tempting option for those who do not want to stretch their budgets to the now-opulent C-Class but still want a small four-door sedan with a three-pointed star."
Jalopnik – "The new A-Class is also apparently very safe: each piece of its body is made of high-strength materials and has a very rigid passenger cell, kind of like how Smarts are made."
I do not have any details yet on this model for the US but we have already started an order list!
2018 is going to be a busy year for Mercedes-Benz! We have new models, new colors, new styling, and new engines! Just this week I have seen some new things arrive!
Parking the GLC300 coupe next to the GLE43 coupe has really shown me the family resemblance! Just walking by them on the lot it is not immediately obvious which one is which. The GLC coupe has not been out for long and we are getting a lot of calls about it. This one happens to be Diamond White with the Espresso Brown interior and looks just great!
This transporter full of cars from Brunswick arrived with our first 2018 GLA45 AMG and the first Canyon Beige GLA250. Both are certainly striking in their own way! The GLA45 features the aero kit which looks awesome and a new Panamericana inspired lower fascia. Love those wheels!
This Mercedes-AMG C43 looks awesome in Cardinal Red Metallic and sounds as good as it looks! I can immediately tell it is a C43 rather than a C63 because of the grey brake calipers. As the models expand it is important that I can identify them from a quick glance! I hate to have to walk behind the car to figure it out!
This 2018 Mercedes-AMG GTS arrived today! It is the first of the GTs to arrive with the new Panamericana grille. This vertically slatted grill was inspired by an historic race car and looks incredibly modern. It will be on all of the GT models this year – GT, GTS, GTC and GTR. Most people are currently associating it with the 'Beast of the Green Hell" GTR and are surprised to see it on the other models.
Those are just the new things from this week! Stay tuned! I have a couple of special designo Edition SLs here, a GT roadster on the way and a redesigned S-Class just a few months away! So exciting!
Our first 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLAs have arrived with a facelift! The changes from the 2017 model are not dramatic but they are obvious when you park them side-by-side.
The photo above features, from left to right, the 2018 GLA250 Ice edition, 2018 GLA250 non-sport, and a 2017 GLA250 from my loaner car fleet for comparison.
What's New:
From the rear of the vehicle you can see that the nearest vehicle, 2018 GLA250 Ice Edition, has the AMG sportline exterior with additional bumper elements. It also has the night package with black accents on the wheels, roof rails, window trim and mirrors.
The tail lamps on the Ice Edition are different from the other 2018 models as well but I cannot find any mention of that in the ordering guide. They are more rounded, darker and have the stardust effect like the 2017 E-Class. When a few more GLAs come in I should be able to tell if it is unique to the Ice Edition, the AMG sportline cars or some other item. If anyone knows, send me an e-mail!
I also made a video for comparison purposes. I think the white cars do a good job of showing differences. Please subscribe to my YouTube Channel if you like it!
This is the first facelift for the GLA, which was introduced in the US for 2015. It should stay like this for another three years and then will likely get a full redesign. I hope to see the first 2018 GLA45 soon!
These vehicles were developed as a partnership between Daimler and Renault. There are shared items including the platform, engine and lots of switches! There are also differences. Take a look and see what you think!
I also made a video if you like your pictures moving.
I was driving a GLA loaner car the other day when the fuel light came on…in three places! And then I had to back up to a different pump after I had opened the fuel door and got a handy warning about that too! I can't imagine how anyone could run out of gas with all of this notification.
Also, notice how the warnings have a little arrow to remind me about where the fuel door is located. I had forgotten that it was on the drivers' side on the GLA/CLA. Handy!
The Mercedes-Benz GLA-Class has only been available for a few months and I am just starting to get feedback from my early adopters. It seems to be a hit! This client did his research early and asked for a couple of additions before he picked it up.
The Cargo Tray is an excellent addition to the vehicle. The 2″ tall lip means that anything you spill will be contained. The first time they handed it to me at the parts desk I was sure it was the wrong one. It was huge! The GLA250 really does have an impressive amount of storage.
The Coat Hangar works for most Mercedes-Benz models (must have headrest stalks) and is a popular option with doctors. I guess balling up your lab coat in the back seat is a no-no.
Also, I just saw an announcement that the all-weather liners for the GLA-Class, CLA-Class and B-Class are now available.
Accessorize your Mercedes! You'll love it even more!
I am a big fan of the Mercedes-Benz Build Your Own tool at MBUSA.com. I use it everyday to visualize color combinations, illustrate the differences in sport packages and price custom vehicles. Now MBUSA has taken it to Instagram! I am pretty impressed with their ingenuity. Try it and see what you think. Tag me if you repost your new car!
Sometimes new vehicles have surprises in store for us! This 2015 GLA45 AMG has the world's most powerful 4-cylinder and the new owner proclaimed it "cute as a bug." Unfortunately, we realized the Summer Tires it was equipped with from the factory were not going to be adequate for their winter driving needs.
Here is the solution! From 20″ matte black wheels for the summer…
To 19″ Silver and Grey Wheels with All-Season Tires for the winter!
We could not find a set of all season tires to mount to the 20″ wheels so we went another route. We found a good looking set of 19″ Mercedes-Benz wheels and mounted an all season 19″ MOE tire to that set. Then we simply exchanged them! The 20″ black wheels are bagged up and ready to make their appearance in the spring! Very European, right?
Speaking of the old wheels…I was shocked to find out they easily fit in the back of the GLA45 with room to spare! Impressive!
Here is a close-up of the 19″ wheel we selected. It still shows off those amazing brakes and red calipers and now the car has two looks! Not a bad idea!
The 2015 Mercedes-Benz GLAs began to arrive yesterday and are clean and ready for new homes today! We were lucky to receive not one, but two GLA250 Edition 1 vehicles! By request, here are some additional pictures of the car. It was parked next to the GLA45 AMG this morning and several people got them confused!
The gloss black wheels, mirror housings and the pano roof really jump out with the white exterior. The cloth inserts in the brown leather seats look like an expensive tweed. We don't normally do cloth in the US but it is very durable, cool and a nice change of pace. The CLA launch edition sold out quickly…don't miss out this time!
The 2015 Mercedes-Benz GLA-Class has arrived! It's like Christmas in September! Here are some pictures of the cars fresh off of the transporter!
Take a look at the sport vs. no sport cars, the lowered height on the GLA45 and all of the fun colors!
If you want to be the first one on the block with the latest and greatest…now is the time! Come pick out your new GLA!


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GOLIATH Wind OÜ is an Estonian company that leads the way for the new generation of wind turbines. The company's ambition is to become a global operation wind turbine company who will drive the development towards making wind energy truly competitive.
We are always interested in meeting fellow explores to join us on this exiting journey. We will be hiring ambitious, motivated and English speaking electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, quality assurance engineers and project managers.
Contact details
|Contact person
|Triinu Blumenfeldt
|Valge 13, 11415 Tallinn, Estonia
|+372 622 1866


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Introduction to Using DNA for Genealogy
Buzzes of excitement have become apparent in family history societies over the last few years, as more and more genealogists are starting to use DNA testing as a part of their family history research.
Due to technological advances and affordable prices, DNA testing is now becoming widely used to confirm family lines and connect with biological relatives.
Goals & Benefits
You may want to discover branches of your tree not found through regular research, confirm or disprove family relationships, find cousins with whom to share research & photos, see if persons who share your surname are related, discover your ancient origins, potentially solve long-standing research 'dead-ends', explore the validity of family stories, identify previously unknown close family (eg. adoptees searching for parents), or you may simply be curious to see what your DNA reveals.
Don't let the scientific nature of DNA scare you off, as once the basic test types are understood, the minimum technical know-how required is the use of email and messaging in order to contact your DNA matches.
Collaborate with your new-found genetic relatives using your traditional genealogical skills to determine your ancestors-in-common.
For those who want to delve deeper, there are many free tools and learning resources.
The DNA Test Kit
A DNA kit is ordered online from one of the major DNA testing companies.
Your test kit arrives by mail or courier within a few days to a few weeks, depending on company.
The DNA tests themselves are very simple to use:
- a cheek swab for Family Tree DNA, MyHeritage or Living DNA
- a saliva sample for 23andMe or AncestryDNA's kit
After testing, you simply post your sample back in the pre-addressed envelope or package.
All notifications are via email and results are provided via an online account.
Ongoing Matches
Once your DNA has been tested, your results are added to a very large database and you access them via your online account (nothing is sent by mail).
Even if you have no close matches initially, large numbers of people are testing each week (including from Australia, NZ, UK & Ireland), and you will continue to receive new people matches regularly.
Your online account is also used to keep track of your order status, to enter your family tree and ancestral surname information, to join projects, to see your results and which people you match, to manage your profile and tree settings, and to download a copy of your DNA raw data file (for use with additional tools/sites).
DNA Test Types
There are several different types of DNA that can be tested for genealogical purposes:
- Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA): Males inherit a y-chromosome from their father, through his father, his father, his father, etc, on the direct paternal line, as per the blue boxes on the chart above. Refer to Y-DNA: the Direct Paternal Line for more detailed information, pedigree charts and examples of how Y-DNA testing can be useful in your family history research.
- Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Everyone inherits mitochondrial DNA from their mother, through her mother, her mother, her mother, etc. on the direct maternal line, as per the pink boxes on the chart above. Refer to mtDNA: the Direct Maternal Line for more detailed information, pedigree charts and examples of how mtDNA testing can be useful in your family history research.
- Autosomal DNA (atDNA): Autosomal DNA is inherited from all ancestral lines, so anyone can be tested and your matches may descend from anyone on your pedigree chart, up to about 6 generations back (but may be further). Refer to atDNA: Finding Matches on All Ancestral Lines for more detailed information, pedigree charts and examples of how atDNA testing can be useful in your family history research.
- X-chromosome DNA (X-DNA): X-chromosomes follow specific inheritance patterns, which are different for males and females. If you share X-DNA with a match, your shared ancestors will be restricted to particular lines of your pedigree. Refer to X-DNA's helpful inheritance patterns for more detailed information & pedigree charts related to X-DNA inheritance.
For more details refer to What type of DNA tests are available?
Ethnic & Ancient Origins
Autosomal DNA tests include an estimate of your ethnic ancestry, including cluster maps and population migration maps showing where your ancestors came from hundreds or up to a few thousand years ago (sample at right: Family Tree DNA's myOrigins).
In FTDNA, the map may also display pins showing the locations of your matches' most distant known ancestors.
For those who are interested, other tools allow your DNA kit to be compared with ancient DNA, such as Neanderthal.
Health Reports
23andMe in the US was initially a health reporting company that expanded into genealogy matching. No health reporting is available in Australia or New Zealand. Limited health reporting is available to residents of the US, UK, Ireland and Canada.
Autosomal DNA raw data from Family Tree DNA, 23andMe, AncestryDNA, MyHeritage DNA and/or Living DNA may be uploaded to www.promethease.com to generate health reports, for a cost of US$5. Refer to the information and videos on the Promethease home page.
Testing Company
There are five major DNA testing companies for genealogy - Family Tree DNA, 23andMe, AncestryDNA, MyHeritageDNA and Living DNA.
Family Tree DNA is popular for testers from Australia & NZ, as it has a large international database, sells all test types, is very affordable, requires no ongoing subscription, hosts thousands of surname and geographical projects, and provides easy analysis tools.
23andMe has a large database, although testers are generally more health-focused rather than interested in genealogy. It has some great analysis tools and highly-regarded ethnicity results, but its compulsory international shipping makes it very expensive for Australians and New Zealanders.
AncestryDNA was previously US-only, but launched in Australia & NZ, UK, Ireland and Canada during 2015 and has now surpassed 14 million testers worldwide. Ancestry's huge collection of member trees can be linked to DNA results to help identify relatives through Shared Ancestor Hints. Its DNA matching features work best with a subscription and a public family tree.
MyHeritageDNA is newer to DNA testing, but it has over 100 million members, so is growing very quickly and providing some great matches!
Living DNA breaks down your ancestry into 80 worldwide regions, including 21 British regions. Irish, German and Scottish regions will be added soon (existing results will be updated). Living DNA's matching database is in Beta at the moment, ready to launch in the coming months.
For a review of features and pricing of the three DNA testing companies, refer to Which DNA testing company should I use?
Family Tree DNA hosts over 9500 projects, including for surnames, geographical regions, and haplogroups.
Australian Settlers DNA, Australian Convicts DNA, New Zealand DNA, British Isles DNA by County, Ireland Y-DNA and Ireland mtDNA are just a few projects that may be of interest.
Finding Cousins
Currently, the favourite test type amongst genealogists who don't have a specific need to test the direct male or female lines is an autosomal DNA test. AncestryDNA, Family Finder and MyHeritage DNA are very popular in Australia & New Zealand, but review both your goals and the pricing and features of all three genealogy testing companies before you buy, to ensure your choice suits your needs.
Expect to be matched with a range of biological relatives, up to 5th cousins back or further.
Once your results are released, you can start corresponding with your matches and comparing trees and research to determine your shared ancestors. As more people test, everyone's chance of finding closer matches improves. It is also very useful to test siblings and other cousins, as they may share DNA with cousins that you don't.
For beginners, there are plenty of free links and resources. As you gain experience, there are third-party sites & tools you can utilise to analyse your results and find additional matches.
Resources on DNA are plentiful, and if you live in Cairns or are planning a holiday in tropical Far North Queensland, our DNA Interest Group meetings and Drop-In DNA Clinics are a lively place to learn and be guided in your DNA research. Newcomers, visitors and tropical holidaymakers are always welcome!
For Facebook users, there is a huge range of great support groups, including: Using DNA for Genealogy - Australia & NZ, DNA for Genealogy - UK, DNA Detectives Down Under (for adoptees or people with unknown parentage), DNA for the Donor Conceived, and Genetic Genealogy Tips & Techniques.
The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG)'s Wiki provides information and links to resources on everything related to genetic genealogy.
Exploit your DNA to make exciting new discoveries in your family tree!
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It is often said we are victims of our own success. Modern life, driven by technological advances, may be more comfortable and convenient than it was a few decades ago but in many ways these changes have also had a negative impact. We are always online now because it's difficult to 'switch off' with laptops, tablets and smartphones never more than an arm's length away. Our diets are inundated with sugar, fat and additives to make food more convenient and exercise and fitness is harder to fit into our increasingly sedentary lives.
In the workplace perceptions of health and wellbeing have changed little over the past few years. ORC International's annual global Perspectives survey has shown that in the UK, only 51% of employees believe their employer cares about their health and wellbeing and the Labour Force Survey shows that the total number of working days lost due to work-related stress, depression or anxiety was 11.3 million in 2013/14, little change from previous years. Read more here.


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Currently, File.al has solved all technical issues, so we have already started to add new links, so you will be able to download.
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FindVideo team.
What starts as a YouTube video going viral soon leads to problems for the teenagers of Lakewood and serves as the catalyst for a murder that opens up a window to the town's troubled past.
Scream season 1(3417 views)
In spite of the dark and mysterious past is Lakewood we can say that it gives the impression of a rather simple and even a little boring little town. Life flows so calm and measured in the area that it is difficult to imagine that very soon the locals will have to face a real fear. In the city there is the murder of a man. Attempts by local law enforcement agencies to find the offender to cross the boundaries of the law have been unsuccessful. At first, the others do not give much importance to what has happened but with the emergence of the next bloody more brutal murders people born in panic. Only now everyone realized that the city has a maniac who is somehow connected with the mysterious events of the past. Parents worry about their children because the offender opened the hunt on them. Who will be the next victim at the hands of a bloodthirsty criminal is unknown. Therefore, teens decide to start their own investigation but they see that with each step approaches the truth the danger mostly also increasing. Sheriff takes control of the situation. Work becomes extremely difficult as the number of corpses every day is growing rapidly. Lakewood has not name the attractive city as it was before the beginning of these events. Its gloomy atmosphere of what is happening it pushes people. But what falls on the share of those pupils which are trying to calculate the serial killer and solve the mysteries of the combination of sets?Read more »
Scream season 2(4107 views)
One of the most famous horror series, which has won the attention of many people returns. The second season opens a picture more of frightening, fascinating and intriguing events. After the bloody incident that occurred in Woodsboro two years have passed. Sidney Prescott all this time trying to forget those terrible memories that happened with her. And in order to help herself cope with this, she moved to another city. There she went to college and started to live a different life. But the happiness did not last long. After some time, her past again reminded about itself. The history which happened with Sydney two years ago, do not forgot. About her wrote a book which interested many readers. Moreover, even made a film about such a phenomenal deliverance the girl from the killer behind the mask. After as information came to the attention of Sidney, experience and fear again mastered her. She realized that the mysterious killer not stopped and will pursue her again. That she was so afraid happened. In conclusion to all, she learned who was hiding under the mask of a murderer.Read more »
Scream season 3(653 views)
TV series Scream based on the cult film series of Wes Craven will be transformed from a slasher format to an anthology format. Therefore, horror TV series is waiting for a full reboot; viz. new characters will be at the center of events in new episodes. MTV was going to complete the storyline about the mysterious maniac from Lakewood in the 3rd season of the series Scream. However, then they decided to put the end of the history of Emma Duval and her friends in a special Halloween episode. Thus, the plot of the season 3 of the horror TV show Scream will not be associated with the first and the second season. Moving the scene of the series to another city and a complete change of cast will allow the team of "Scream" to make a fair amount of intrigue to the plot of the new season. Because viewers can again start to suspect any character nowRead more »


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word-ending that sometimes distinguish British from American English. In the U.S., the change from -re to -er (to match pronunciation) in words such as fibre, centre, theatre began late 18c.; under urging of Noah Webster (1804 edition of his speller, and especially the 1806 dictionary), it was established over the next 25 years. The -re spelling, like -our, however, had the authority of Johnson's dictionary behind it and remained in Britain, where it came to be a point of national pride, contra the Yankees.
Despite Webster's efforts, -re was retained in words with -c- or -g- (e.g. ogre, acre, the latter of which Webster insisted to the end of his days ought to be aker, and it was so printed in editions of the dictionary during his lifetime). The -re spelling generally is more justified by conservative etymology, based on French antecedents. It is met today in the U.S. only in Theatre as an element in the proper names of entertainment showplaces, where it is perhaps felt to inspire a perception of bon ton.


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It seems inevitable Mitch Kupchak's phone will ring and vibrate constantly Thursday with multiple trade proposals from voices on the other end. That's the job description the Lakers' general manager has on the day of the NBA draft.
Ever since the ping-pong balls bounced the Lakers' way last month, however, those within and outside the Lakers organization have strongly suggested a foregone conclusion. The Lakers will draft Duke forward Brandon Ingram with their No. 2 pick.
"He's not going to say it publicly," said Anthony Atkinson, who coached Ingram on an AAU team in Kinston, N.C. "But I'm sure that's what he's hoping for."
That's not surprising. In a recent promotional video documenting his basketball journey, Ingram received a haircut at a barbershop while watching Kobe Bryant play in a Lakers' game last season.
Others close to Ingram, however, reiterated the diplomatic message he stressed following his pre-draft workout with the Lakers earlier this month. As Kinston High coach Perry Tyndall said, "Whoever wants him, he's ready to go and embrace it."
"He's ready to prove to be a bigger player on any organization," Tyndall said. "If it is L.A., there's no doubt he will be tickled to put on that purple and gold and try and help the Lakers organization."
The Lakers could use the help.
They finished with the worst record in franchise history for two consecutive seasons. For the first time in 20 years, the Lakers also cannot lean on Bryant to ratchet up the intensity and make a game-winning basket.
Yet, Lakers coach Luke Walton said this week that "the future is bright" for several reasons. The Lakers have an intriguing young core, including playmaking guard D'Angelo Russell, bruising forward Julius Randle, prolific swingman Jordan Clarkson and athletic forward Larry Nance Jr. The Lakers have approximately $60 million in salary cap space to spend in free agency, and Walton's pleasant personality and quick rise in the coaching ranks as a Golden State assistant could also jumpstart a Lakers team that didn't always respond to Byron Scott's more stern approach.
Ingram's expected selection could signal another feel-good moment for a franchise eager to recapture championship glory.
"I'm looking forward to it," Russell said. "The draft is definitely exciting, especially when you assume something is going to happen and it doesn't happen. That opens it up for everybody else."
After all, the Lakers wrestled with a debate last year on whether they should draft a big player (Jahlil Okafor, Kristaps Porzingis) or a point guard (Russell, Emmanuel Mudiay). The Lakers chose a ball handler in Russell.
Few anticipate any surprises this year. The Philadelphia 76ers are expected to select LSU forward Ben Simmons because of his superior playmaking. The Lakers played host to workouts for Oklahoma shooting guard Buddy Hield, Cal forward Jaylen Brown, Marquette forward Henry Ellenson and Kentucky forward Skal Labissiere, but those around the league believe the Lakers only did that out of due diligence in case they acquired another first-round pick in a trade.
Meanwhile, NBA talent evaluators have complimented Ingram's defense, outside shooting and ability to play multiple positions after he was named ACC Freshman of the Year award during his lone season at Duke. Those close to Ingram have raved about his work ethic. Case in point, Ingram's recent promotional video revealed that he skipped his senior prom so he could train more at the gym.
"The way the game is being played right now, he'll fit right in," said Donald Ingram, Brandon's father. "He's so offensive-minded. He can dribble. He can pass. He can shoot. He's a team player."
The Lakers received that impression when they interviewed Ingram at the pre-draft combine in Chicago in May and again when he dined with members of their front office and coaching staff before his workout this month in El Segundo.
"Nice, young kid," Lakers assistant coach Brian Shaw said of the 18-year-old Ingram. "I was left with a good impression. He was very well-mannered and he was respectful."
Shaw then added that Ingram arrived with a heavy appetite, eager to add more pounds of muscle on his 6-foot-7, 190-pound frame. Ingram has revealed his hope to weigh 210 pounds before the 2016-17 season begins. Regardless of how much weight Ingram gains in the months ahead, some NBA evaluators argue he can easily overcome that perceived weakness with his other skills.
"He's going to be one of the leading guys at some point in time," Atkinson said. "He will get that franchise back to where it wants to be."
That presumes the Lakers select Ingram, of course, a decision that should become official Thursday.


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Perry House was built in 1903 and recently restored into a beautiful
country inn complete with custom designed furnishings by master
craftsmen, Carl and Jim Stanton of Linville, North Carolina.
Our guests enjoy the ambiance of a relaxed turn-of-the-century getaway
while being pampered with all the modern conveniences. Each beautifully
decorated bedroom offers luxury with a warm, cozy feeling and our rates
include a delicious, full breakfast. Refreshments are always available.
At an altitude of 3,745 feet, The Perry House is conveniently
situated slightly above downtown Banner Elk, just up
the hill from Dunn's Deli and within walking distance to all the unique
village shops, cafes, fine dining restaurants, and Lees-McRae
College. We are just a few minutes from Sugar or Beech Mountain
resorts and only fifteen minutes from Hawksnest. You can enjoy a lovely
view of both Grandfather Mountain and Sugar Mountain from a comfortable
rocker on our wrap-around porch. Each season brings its own special
beauty and enjoyment at The Perry House Bed & Breakfast.
The many scenic and challenging golf courses in the High Country will
fit the bill for all golfers. Fly fishing, hiking, biking, whitewater
rafting, and horseback riding are also available close by. We will be
happy to
make arrangements for any of these activities for you. Check out our
page for the latest in great deals.
Make sure you come by and
take advantage of all that we have to offer you.
We look forward to hosting you soon. If all you want to do is "kick
back" and relax, then we'll have a chair waiting for you on our porch in
summer or by the fire in winter.
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Memberships and Links:
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Hapkido Quick Overview
Hapkido, the character hap means "coordinated" or "joining"; ki describes internal energy, spirit, strength, or power; and do means "way" or "art", yielding a literal translation of "joining-energy-way". It is most often translated as "the way of coordinating energy", "the way of coordinated power" or "the way of harmony".
A highly eclectic Korean martial art. It is a form of self-defense that employs joint locks, grappling and throwing techniques of other martial arts, as well as kicks, punches, and other striking attacks. There is also the use of traditional weapons, including knife, sword, rope, jool bong (nunchaku), cane, short stick (dan bong), and middle-length staff (joong bong, gun (analogous to the Japanese jo), bo (Japanese)) which vary in emphasis depending on the particular tradition examined.
Hapkido contains both long- and close-range fighting techniques, utilizing jumping kicks and percussive hand strikes at longer ranges and pressure point strikes, joint locks, or throws at closer fighting distances. Hapkido emphasizes circular motion, redirection of force, and control of the opponent. Practitioners seek to gain advantage through footwork and body positioning to incorporate the use of leverage, avoiding the use of strength against strength.
The art adapted from Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu as it was taught by Choi Yong-Sool when he returned to Korea after World War II, having lived in Japan for 30 years. This system was later combined with kicking and striking techniques of indigenous and contemporary arts such as taekkyeon, as well as throwing techniques and ground fighting from Japanese judo. Its history is obscured by the historical animosity between the Korean and Japanese people following the Second World War.
Although aikido and hapkido are believed by many to share a common history, they remain separate and distinct from one another. They differ significantly in philosophy, range of responses and manner of executing techniques. The fact that they share the same original Chinese characters, despite being pronounced "ai" in Japanese and "hap" in Korean, has proved problematic in promoting the art internationally as a discipline with its own set of unique characteristics differing from those of the Japanese art.
History and major figures from Korea
The birth of modern hapkido can be traced to the efforts of a group of Korean nationals in the post Japanese colonial period of Korea, Choi Yong-Sool (1904–1986) and his most prominent students; Seo Bok-Seob, the first student of the art; Ji Han-Jae (born 1936), one of the earliest promoters of the art; Kim Moo-Hong, a major innovator; Myung Jae-Nam, a connector between the art of hapkido and aikido, Myung Kwang-Sik the historian and ambassador, all of whom were direct students of Choi or of his immediate students.
Choi, Yong-Sool
Choi Yong-Sool's training in martial arts is a subject of contention. It is known that Choi was sent to Japan as a young boy and returned to Korea with techniques characteristic of Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu, a forerunner of aikido. The next portion of the story is quite controversial in Daito-ryu circles but is claimed by many contemporary hapkido-ists and is attributed to Choi in an interview that took place during a trip Choi made to the United States in 1980 to visit his second direct lineage successor Chinil Chang in New York City.
In the interview with Chinil Chang, Choi claims to have been adopted by Takeda Sokaku when he was 11 years old and was given the Japanese name, Yoshida Asao. He claims to have been taken to Takeda's home and dojo in Akita on Shin Shu mountain where he lived and trained with the master for 30 years. The interview also asserts that he travelled with him as a teaching assistant, that he was employed to catch war deserters and that he was the only student to have a complete understanding of the system taught by Takeda.
This is contradicted by other claims asserting that Choi was simply a worker in the home of Takeda. The meticulous enrollment and fee records of Tokimune Takeda, Takeda's eldest son and Daito-ryu's successor, do not seem to include Choi's name among them. Therefore, except for claims made by Choi himself, there is little evidence that Choi was the adopted son of Takeda, or that he ever formally studied Daito-ryu under the founder of the art.
Retouched photograph of Takeda Sokaku circa 1888
Stanley Pranin, then of Aiki News and now editor of the Aikidojournal.com, asked Kisshomaru Ueshiba about Choi Yong-Sool and hapkido:
"On another subject, it is true that a Korean named "Choi" who founded hapkido studied aikido or Daito-ryu? I don't know what art it was but I understand that there was a young Korean of about 17 or 18 who participated in a seminar of Sokaku Takeda Sensei held in Asahikawa City in Hokkaido. It seems that he studied the art together with my father and would refer to him as his "senior".
If that's the case the art must have been Daito-ryu.
I've heard that this man who studied Daito-ryu had some contact with my father after that. Then he returned to Korea and began teaching Daito-ryu on a modest scale. The art gradually became popular and many Koreans trained with him. Since aikido became popular in Japan he called his art hapkido [written in Korean with the same characters as aikido]. Then the art split into many schools before anyone realized it. This is what my father told me. I once received a letter from this teacher after my father's death.
Some argue that Choi Yong-Sool's potential omission from the records, and the ensuing debate over hapkido's origins, may be due to tensions between Koreans and Japanese, partly as a result of the Japanese occupation of Korea. At the height of dispute, it is claimed by hapkido practitioners that Koreans were excluded from listing, though this is contradicted by Takeda's records which contain other Korean names. While some commentators claim hapkido has a Japanese lineage, others state that its origins lay with indigenous Korean martial arts.
Choi Yong-Sool's first student, and the man whom some claim helped him develop the art of hapkido was Seo Bok-Seob, a Korean judo black belt when they met. Some of Choi's other respected senior students are: Chinil Chang, Ji Han-Jae, Chung Kee Tae, Kim Moo-Hong, and arguably Suh In-Hyuk and Lee Joo-Bang who went on to form the arts of Kuk Sool Won and modern Hwa Rang Do respectively (though some argue that their training stems from time spent training under Kim Moo-Hong).
Seo, Bok-Seob
Choi's first student and the first person known to have opened up a dojang under Choi was Seo Bok-Seob. In 1948, when Seo Bok-sub was still in his early 20s, he had already earned his black belt in judo and was a graduate of Korea University. After watching Choi Yong-Sool successfully defend himself against a group of men when an argument erupted in the yard of the Seo Brewery Company, Seo who was son of the chairman of the company, invited Choi to begin teaching martial arts to him and some workers at the distillery where he had prepared a dojang.
In 1951, Seo opened up the first proper dojang called the "Daehan Hapki Yu Kwon Sool Dojang". The first symbol, designed by Seo, which was used to denote the art was the inverted arrowhead design featured in both the modern incarnation of the KiDo Association and by Myung Kwang-Sik's World Hapkido Federation. Choi Yong-Sool was also employed during this time as a bodyguard to Seo's father who was a congressman. Seo and Choi agreed to shorten the name of the art from 'hapki yu kwon sool' to 'hapkido' in 1959.
Chang, Chin Il
A direct student of Choi, Chin Il Chang inherited the title of Doju in Choi's personal and complete system of Hapkido on January 15, 1985, becoming the second direct lineage Grandmaster.
On April 5, 1985 Choi personally awarded Chang the only existing 10th Dan certificate in Hapkido history. Chang also had the privilege and honor of being the first Hapkido master awarded the 9th Dan certificate by Choi in 1980. Choi left the full documentation and recordings of the system to Chang, who continued to research and document the full history and development of Hapkido.
Furthermore, the future Grandmaster, who was a personally trained, closed-door disciple of Choi, was given Letter of Appointment certificates, the second dated December 1, 1977 and the third dated March 5, 1980. This gave Chang more progressive power and authority in Choi's Hapkido Association. These specific certificates, along with his 9th Dan ranking in 1980, and 10th Dan ranking in 1985, amply demonstrate that Choi was grooming Chang to be the future Grandmaster of Hapkido.
Chang's intimate video interview with his teacher Doju Choi during his visit to New York City has been abused through numerous interpretations and translations.[16] Some have even claimed erroneously to have conducted the interview themselves, further clouding and distorting the truth and gravity inherent in the interview. These endless distortions were generally rebutted in various media each time they appeared.
Doju Chang continues to teach in New York City after decades of maintaining a commercial school, as well as a stint teaching Hapkido at the United Nations. He currently teaches a small group in NYC dedicated to the preservation of Hapkido. Many detractors have spread endless conjecture about him. One lineage created further controversy by stating Choi passed the system to his only son, Choi Bok-Yeol, which is incorrect, misleading, and insulting to the legacy and wishes of Choi. Black Belt Magazine, respecting Chin Il Chang as the second lineage successor, asked him to write a brief obituary on Choi that appeared in the April 1987 issue.
Ji, Han-Jae
Ji Han-Jae (Hangul:) was undoubtedly the prime mover in the art of Korean hapkido. It is due to his physical skills, technical contributions, promotional efforts and political connections as head hapkido instructor to the presidential body guard under Korean President Park Jeong-Hee (Hangul) that hapkido became popularized, first within Korea and then internationally.
If the martial art education of Choi Yong-Sool is unconfirmed, the same must be said for martial art history of Ji Han-Jae's training, apart from his time as a student of Choi. Ji was an early student (Dan #14) of Choi. He details that prior to opening his martial art school in Seoul, the Sung Moo Kwan (Hangul), he also supposedlly studied from a man known as 'Taoist Lee' and an old woman he knew as 'Grandma'.
As a teacher of hapkido, Ji incorporated traditional Korean kicking techniques (from Taoist Lee and the art Sam Rang Do Tek Gi) and punching techniques into the system and gave the resulting synthesis the name hapkido in 1957. Hapkido is the Korean pronunciation of (Japanese) aikido and is sometimes erroneously referred to as its Korean cousin.
Although a founding member of the Dae Han Ki Do Hwe (Korea Kido Association) in 1963 with Choi Yong-Sool as titular Chairman and Kim Jeong-Yoon as Secretary General and Head Instructor for the association Ji found himself not able to exert as much control over the organization as he might have wished. To this end and with the support of the Head of the Security Forces, Park Jong-Kyu, Ji founded the very successful Korea Hapkido Association (Dae Han Hapkido Hyub Hwe; Hangul) in 1965.
Later when this organization combined with the organizations founded by Myung Jae-Nam (Korea Hapki Association/Hangook Hapki Hwe; Hangul) and Kim Moo-Hong (Korean Hapkido Association/Hangook Hapkido Hyub Hwe; Hangul) in 1973 they became the very extensive and influential organization known as the Republic of Korea Hapkido Association (Dae Han Min Gook Hapkido Hyub Hwe; Hangul).
In 1984, after being released from prison for fraud, Ji moved first to Germany and then to the United States and founded Sin Moo Hapkido (Hangul), which incorporates philosophical tenets, a specific series of techniques (including kicks) and healing techniques into the art. Three of Ji Han-Jae's notable students in Korea were Kwon Tae-Man (Hangul), Myung Jae-Nam (Hangul) and Chang Young Shil (Hangul) who is the current president of the International Hapkido Federation. Ji can be seen in the films Lady Kung-fu and Game of Death in which he takes part in a long fight scene against Bruce Lee.
After the death of Choi Yong-Sool in 1986, Ji came forward with the assertion that it was he who founded the Korean art of hapkido, asserting that Choi Yong-Sool taught only yawara based skills and that it was he who added much of the kicking, and weapon techniques we now associate with modern hapkido. He also asserts that it was he that first used the term 'hapkido' to refer to the art. While both claims are contested by some of the other senior teachers of the art, what is not contested is the undeniably huge contributions made by Ji to the art, its systematization and its promotion world wide.
Kim, Yun-Sik
Kim Yun-Sik was born in Seoul, South Korea in 1943. He is one of the highest ranking (10th dan) Hapkido instructors in the world and founder of Bum Moo Kwan Hapkido. He began his martial arts training in 1954 under the direction of Choi Yong-Sool, and received the black belt from Choi in 1957. In the same year he received the black belt in taekwondo from Grandmaster Hwang Kee.
Kim is the founder of the Bum Moo Kwan style, in which the practitioner is instructed to finish the encounter quickly, using any available material as weapon or any part of his body, aiming the opponent's pressure or vital points. Bum Moo is one of the three original and government regulated Hapkido Kwans.[citation needed]
Residing, teaching and training in Brazil since 1977, Kim was the master of several Hapkido World Champions, such as Leandro Heck Gemeo and Norberto Serrano Jr.[citation needed]
Han, Bong-Soo
(alternately rendered as Bong Soo Han)
Han Bong-Soo began his training in Hapkido after going to see a demonstration put on by the founder, Yong Sul Choi. From then on, he committed himself to Hapkido training under Choi. Han Bong-Soo (Hangul: ???) was the world's foremost practitioner of Hapkido, and is referred to as the Father of Hapkido in the Western World. As one of the original senior students of Yong Sul Choi, he led a dedicated effort in the development of Hapkido as it is known today. He taught thousands of loyal students throughout his life with many becoming masters themselves. Other masters across all styles have sought out his wisdom and teachings.
In 1967, Han emigrated to the United States of America, first staying with and teaching at his friend S. O. Choi's hapkido school in California. Han later opened his own school in Los Angeles in 1968. His early years were difficult and he worked in a factory during the day while he taught at a struggling hapkido school in the evening located in an economically depressed area. Later, he relocated his school to the Pacific Palisades area in an effort to be closer to Hollywood and the movie industry.
On July 4, 1969, Han Bong Soo was giving a demonstration of Hapkido at a park in Pacific Palisades, California. In the audience was Tom Laughlin. After a spectacular demonstration, Laughlin approached Han about being involved in a movie project called Billy Jack. Han gained critical acclaim for staging and performing some of the most realistic martial arts fight sequences in a film. Before Billy Jack, movies contained at most brief references to martial arts, with fights portrayed by actors who had little training. With Billy Jack, Han introduced authentic hapkido techniques to Western audiences. In its sequel, The Trial of Billy Jack, he received a co-starring part where he spoke about and demonstrated the art, mentioning the art by name for the first time.
Han has been the subject of many magazine and newspaper articles, martial arts magazine cover stories, and was a member of the Black Belt Magazine Hall of Fame in 1978 and the Martial Arts History Museum Hall of Fame in 1999. He was also featured in the A&E documentary, The Martial Arts and the Wesley Snipes-produced Master of the Martial Arts.
In addition to being cited in dozens of martial arts books, he wrote many articles on the Way of martial arts, and also authored the book, Hapkido, The Korean Art of Self-Defense, that was published by Ohara Publications in 1974, which is now in its 23rd printing. He completed a series of ten instructional Hapkido DVDs which are in worldwide distribution.
Han studied and refined this Korean martial art for more than 60 years. Up to the time of his death, in 2007, he held the rank of 9th Dan Black Belt. Han upheld that the 10th Dan rank was to be reserved for Yong Sul Choi. He founded and presided over the International Hapkido Federation.
Kim, Moo-Hong[edit]
(alternately rendered as Kim Moo-Woong or Kim Mu-Hyun)
A student from the Choi and Seo's Daehan Hapki Yu Kwon Sool Dojang, was Kim Moo-Hong (Hangul), who later taught at Seo's Joong Ang dojang (Hangul) in Daegu. Seo, who promoted Kim to 4th degree, credits Kim with the development of many kicks which are still used in hapkido today. Kim apparentally took the concepts from very basic kicks he had learned from Choi and went to a temple to work on developing them to a much greater degree. Later, in 1961, Kim travelled to Seoul and while staying at Ji Han-Jae's Sung Moo Kwan dojang they finalized the kicking curriculum.
Kim went on to found his Shin Moo Kwan dojang (Hangul) in the Jongmyo section of Seoul, also in 1961. Won Kwang-Hwa (Hangul) also served as an instructor at this dojang. Kim's notable students were Lee Han-Cheol (Hangul), Kim Woo-Tak (Hangul; who founded the Kuk Sool Kwan Hapkido dojang), Huh Il-Woong (Hangul), Lee Joo-Bang (Hangul; who founded modern Hwa Rang Do), Na Han-Dong (Hangul), Shin Dong-Ki (Hangul) and Seo In-Hyuk (Hangul; who founded Kuk Sool Won).
Originally a member of the Korea Kido Association, the organization sent Kim to teach hapkido in the United States in 1969. Upon returning to Korea in 1970, Kim looked to Ji Han-Jae's move to set up his own organization and with the encouragement of his students followed suit and founded the Korean Hapkido Association (Hangook Hapkido Association) in 1971. Later he combined this organization with the groups led by Ji Han-Jae and Myung Jae-Nam to form the Republic of Korea Hapkido Association.
Myung, Jae-Nam
In 1972, Myung Jae-Nam (Hangul) was one of the original members of the Korea Hapkido Association (Dae Han Hapkido Hyub Hwe; Hangul), which was formed in 1965 at the request of the South Korean President Park Jeong-Hee. The Korea Hapkido Association was formed with the assistance of Park Jong Kyu, who was the head of the Presidential Protective Forces and one of the most powerful men in Korea at the time.
Myung Jae Nam exchanged martial art techniques and information with an Aikido practitioner named Hirata in 1965, for a period of about four years and included many aikido-like techniques into his version of hapkido. He has produced Several books and videos on the subject of hapkido self-defense. Later Myung Jae-Nam broke away from all the other organizations and started to focus on promoting a new style, hankido. Until his death in 1999 he was the leader of the International Hapkido Federation.
Lee, Chong-Min
Chong Min Lee was born and raised in Seoul, Korea. He began his study of Hapkido as a teenager and continued studying Hapkido throughout his life. He is a 9th Degree Black Belt, the Master Instructor of Hapkido Center, President of The World Hapkido Association.
Lee served as an Instructor with the 1st Special Forces Group in the Korean Army, and has taught martial arts to the Police Departments in Seoul as well as Plainfield, New Jersey. He has also served as the director of Hapkido demonstrations for such dignitaries as Hubert H. Humphrey and the Chancellor of the Republic of China, Mr. Chang, during their visits to Seoul, Korea. Lee came to the United States in June 1980. He currently operates a Hapkido Center in Warren, New Jersey and is also a member of the Law Enforcement Officers Association New Jersey State. He has been instructing students for over 42 years in Hapkido
Kim, Jung-Soo
Kim Jung Soo was born and raised in Seoul, Korea, and started training Hapkido directly under Choi, Yong Sool. He was one of the earlier students of Choi Yong Sool, and one source puts him as the eight original student of Choi. He is the founder of the Yun Bee Kwan school, and was awarded his 9th degree black belt by the Korea Hapkido Federation. He is also the founder and president of the Korea based World Hapkido General Federation. Jung Soo is currently teaching from his dojang in Taegu City, South Korea.
Yong, Kim Myung
Kim Myung Yong was born and raised in Seoul, Korea, and started training Hapkido directly under Grandmaster Ji Han Jae in 1959 at the age of 17. In 1965 he taught at the Sung Dong dojang in Korea. 1968 he was HAPKIDO instructor in the military camp of Wang Shim Ri. He is the founder and Grandmaster of Jin Jung Kwan HAPKIDO and is currently still teaching in Houston, TX.
Il, Park Song
Park Song Il was born in Korea in 1945. During his early school years, he studied Judo and Tae kwon do, but due to the limited and repetitive curriculum of these arts, he began studying HAPKIDO in 1958 at the Sung Moo Kwan under HAPKIDO founder Grandmaster Ji Han Jae. In 1976, Grandmaster Park relocated to the Republic of Panama, establishing his own style called Song Moo HAPKIDO or HAPKIDO Song Moo Kwan. He is currently still teaching in Panama.
On the "hard-soft" scale of martial arts, hapkido stands somewhere in the middle, employing "soft" techniques similar to jujutsu and aikido as well as "hard" techniques reminiscent of taekwondo and tang soo do. Even the "hard" techniques, though, emphasize circular rather than linear movements. Hapkido is an eclectic, hybrid martial art, and different hapkido schools emphasize different techniques. However, some core techniques are found in each school (kwan), and all techniques should follow the three principles of hapkido:
Nonresistance (Hangul; hanja; RR: hwa)
Circle principle (Hangul; hanja; RR: won)
The Water/Flexible principle (Hangul; hanja; RR: yu)
Hwa, or non-resistance, is simply the act of remaining relaxed and not directly opposing an opponent's strength. For example, if an opponent were to push against a hapkido student's chest, rather than resist and push back, the hapkido student would avoid a direct confrontation by moving in the same direction as the push and utilizing the opponent's forward momentum to throw him.
Won, the circular principle, is a way to gain momentum for executing the techniques in a natural and free-flowing manner. If an opponent attacks in linear motion, as in a punch or knife thrust, the hapkido student would redirect the opponent's force by leading the attack in a circular pattern, thereby adding the attacker's power to his own. Once he has redirected the power, the hapkido student can execute any of a variety of techniques to incapacitate his attacker. The hapkido practitioner learns to view an attacker as an "energy entity" rather than as a physical entity. The bigger the person is, the more energy a person has, the better it is for the hapkido student.
Yu, the water principle, can be thought of as the soft, adaptable strength of water. Hapkido is "soft" in that it does not rely on physical force alone, much like water is soft to touch. It is adaptable in that a hapkido master will attempt to deflect an opponent's strike, in a way that is similar to free-flowing water being divided around a stone only to return and envelop it.
Hapkido seeks to be a fully comprehensive fighting style and as such tries to avoid narrow specialization in any particular type of technique or range of fighting. It maintains a wide range of tactics for striking, standing joint locks, throwing techniques (both pure and joint manipulating throws) and pinning techniques. Some styles also incorporate tactics for ground fighting although these tactics generally tend to be focused upon escaping and regaining footing or controlling, striking, and finishing a downed opponent, rather than lengthy wrestling or submission grappling engagements.
The Korean term for technique is sool (Hangul; hanja; RR: sul). As terminology varies between schools, some refer to defensive maneuvers as soolgi (loosely translated as "technique-ing"), while hoshinsool (Hangul; hanja; RR: hosinsul; meaning "self-defense") is preferred by others.
Proper hapkido tactics include using footwork and a series of kicks and hand strikes to bridge the distance with an opponent. Then to immediately control the balance of the opponent (typically by manipulating the head and neck), for a take down or to isolate a wrist or arm and apply a joint twisting throw, depending upon the situation; Hapkido is a comprehensive system and once the opponent's balance has been taken, there are a myriad of techniques to disable and subdue the opponent.
Hapkido makes use of pressure points known in Korean as hyeol (Hangul; hanja) which are also used in traditional Asian medical practices such as acupuncture point. These pressure points are either struck to produce unconsciousness or manipulated to create pain allowing one to more easily upset the balance of one's opponent prior to a throw or joint manipulation.
Hapkido emphasizes self-defense over sport fighting and as such employs the use of weapons, including environmental weapons of opportunity, in addition to empty hand techniques. Some schools also teach hyeong (Hangul; hanja), the Korean equivalent of what is commonly known as "kata" in Japanese martial arts.
A bidirectional kick.
A flying side kick.
The wide variety of kicks in hapkido make it distinctly Korean. Taekwondo kicks appear to be similar to many of the kicks found in hapkido, though again circular motion is emphasized. Also, in contrast to most modern taekwondo styles, hapkido utilises a wide variety of low (below the waist), hooking or sweeping kicks, with one of the most distinctive being the low spinning (sweeping) heel kick.
Hapkido's method of delivery tends toward greater weight commitment to the strikes and less concern for quick retraction of the kicking leg. Traditionally, Choi Yong-Sool's yu kwon sool (Hangul; hanja; RR: yugwonsul) kicking techniques were only to the lower body, but most derived varieties of hapkido, probably as a direct influence from other Korean arts, also include high kicks and jumping kicks. At the more advanced levels of Hapkido the practitioner learns "blade kicks" which utilize sweeping blade strikes of the inner and outer foot against pressure points of the body.
Two of the earliest innovators in this regard were Ji Han-Jae and Kim Moo-Hong, both of whom were exposed to what were thought to be indigenous Korean kicking arts. They combined these forms together with the yu sool concepts for striking taught to them by Choi and during a period of 8 months training together in 1961 finalized the kicking curriculum which would be used by the Korea Hapkido Association (Daehan Hapkido Hyub Hwe) for many years to come.
Other influences also were exerted on the kicking techniques of important hapkido teachers. Kwon Tae-Man (Hangul) initially studied under Ji Han-Jae before immigrating to southern California in the United States. Han Bong-soo (Hangul) studied under Gwonbeop (Hangul; hanja) and Shudokan karate from Yoon Byung-In (Hangul), whose students were influential in the later forming of kong soo do and taekwondo styles, specifically the Chang Moo Kwan and Jidokwan. He, like Kim Moo-Hong, also trained briefly in the Korean art of taekkyeon under Lee Bok-Yong (Hangul).
Many other teachers like Myung Kwang-Sik (Hangul), Jeong Kee-Tae (Hangul), Lim Hyun-Soo (Hangul), and many others trained in tang soo do and kong soo do, Shotokan and Shudokan karate based systems which predated and influenced the forming of first tae soo do and later modern taekwondo styles.
Kim Sang-Cook states that while many of the original yu kwon sool students were exposed to many different contemporary Korean arts the Chung Do Kwan was of particular importance in the transition from the original jujutsu based form to what we know today as modern hapkido.
Most forms of hapkido include a series of double kicks used to promote balance, coordination and muscular control.
An example of a double kick set
Front Kick — Side Kick
Front Kick – Back Kick ("Turning back-Side Kick")
Front Kick – Roundhouse Kick
Front Heel/Hook Kick — Roundhouse Kick
Inverted Low Side Kick – High Side Kick
Inside Crescent Kick — Outside Crescent Kick (or Heeldown/Axe Kick for both)
Inside Crescent Kick – Side Kick (or Inside Heeldown Kick and Side Kick)
Outside Heel-down Kick — Roundhouse Kick
Ankle Scoop Kick — Side Kick
Cover Kick – Front Kick
Inside Heel Hooking-the-Thigh Kick—Front Kick
High Spinning Heel Kick — Low Spinning Heel Kick
Inside Footblade Kick – Outside Footblade Kick
Outside Heeldown Kick – Roundhouse
After these kicks are mastered using one foot kick the student moves on to jumping versions using alternate kicking legs.
Kim Chong Sung (Jang Mu Won Hapkido Founder) (Hangul), was one of the oldest living active hapkido instructors, maintains that the source of these kicking methods is from the indigenous Korean kicking art of taekkyeon. Others feel that these kicks are more representative of kong soo do and tang soo do styles which emerged from an adaptation of Japanese karate forms.
Hand strikes
Like most martial arts, hapkido employs a great number of punches and hand strikes, as well as elbow strikes. A distinctive example of hapkido hand techniques is "live hand" strike that focuses energy to the baek hwa hyul in the hand, producing energy strikes and internal strikes. The hand strikes are often used to weaken the opponent before joint locking and throwing, and also as finishing techniques.
Hand striking in hapkido (unless in competition) is not restricted to punches and open hand striking; some significance is given to striking with fingernails at the throat and eyes; pulling at the opponent's genitals is also covered in conventional training.
In order to recall hand strikes more easily in an emotionally charged situation, beginning students are taught conventional, effective patterns of blocks and counter-attacks called makko chigi (Hangul), which progress to more complex techniques as the student becomes familiar with them.
Joint manipulation techniques
A hyperflexing wristlock used as a pain compliance technique.
The straight armlock is an example of a very effective elbowlock.
Many of hapkido's joint control techniques are said to be derived largely from Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu. They are taught similarly to aikido techniques, but in general the circles are smaller and the techniques are applied in a more linear fashion. Hapkido's joint manipulation techniques attack both large joints (such as the elbow, shoulder, neck, back, knee, and hip) and small joints (such as wrists, fingers, ankles, toes, and jaw).
Most techniques involve applying force in the direction that a joint moves naturally and then forcing it to overextend or by forcing a joint to move in a direction that goes against its natural range of motion. These techniques can be used to cause pain and force a submission, to gain control of an opponent for a 'come along' techniques (as is often employed in law enforcement), to assist in a hard or gentle throw or to cause the dislocation or breaking of the joint. Hapkido differs from some post war styles of aikido in its preservation of a great many techniques which are applied against the joint that were deemed by some[who?] to be inconsistent with aikido's more pacifistic philosophy.
Hapkido is well known for its use of a wide variety of wristlocks. These techniques are believed[by whom?] to have been derived from Daito-ryu Aiki-jujutsu although their manner of performance is not always identical to that of the parent art. Still many of the techniques found in hapkido are quite similar to those of Daito-ryu and of aikido, which was derived from that art. Examples of such techniques are: the supinating wristlock, pronating wristlock, internal rotational wristlock, and the utilization of pressure points on the wrist. These techniques are common to many forms of Japanese jujutsu, Chinese chin na, and even "catch as catch can" wrestling.
Although well known for its wristlocking techniques, hapkido has an equally wide array of tactics which center upon the manipulation of the elbow joint (see armlock). The first self-defense technique typically taught in many hapkido schools is the knife-hand elbow press. This technique is thought to be derived from Daito-ryu's ippondori, a method of disarming and destroying the elbow joint of a sword-wielding opponent. Hapkido typically introduces this technique off a wrist-grabbing attack where the defender makes a circular movement with his hands to free himself from the opponent's grasp and applies a pronating wristlock while cutting down upon the elbow joint with their forearm, taking their opponent down to the ground, where an elbow lock is applied with one's hand or knee to immobilize the attacker in a pin. Both Daito-ryu and aikido prefer to use hand pressure on the elbow throughout the technique rather than using the forearm as a "hand blade (Hangul; hanja)", cutting into the elbow joint, in the hapkido manner.
Throwing techniques
Hapkido students practice throws and joint manipulation in a dojang.
In addition to throws which are achieved by unbalancing one's opponent through the twisting of their joints, hapkido also contains techniques of pure throwing which do not require the assistance of jointlocks. Some of these techniques are found within Daito-ryu but a great many of them are held in common with judo (the same Chinese characters are pronounced "yudo" in Korean). Many of early practitioners of hapkido had extensive judo backgrounds including Choi Yong-Sool's first student Seo Bok-Seob.
Judo techniques were introduced in the early years of the 20th century in Korea during the Japanese colonial period. Judo/Yudo tactics employ extensive use of throws, various chokes, hold downs, joint locks, and other grappling techniques used to control the opponent on the ground. It is believed that these techniques were absorbed into the hapkido curriculum from judo as there were a great many judo practitioners in Korea at that time and its tactics were commonly employed in the fighting of the period. Indeed, there also exists a portion of the hapkido curriculum which consists of techniques specifically designed to thwart judo style attacks.
Hapkido practitioners perform grappling techniques.
Hapkido holds many throwing techniques in common with judo.
Nunchaku (Ssahng Jol Gohn), one of hapkido weapons.
The judo/yudo techniques were however adopted with adjustments made to make them blend more completely with the self-defence orientation which hapkido stresses. For example many of the judo style throwing techniques employed in hapkido do not rely upon the use of traditional judo grips on the uniform, which can play a large role in the Japanese sport. Instead in many cases they rely upon gripping the limbs, head or neck in order to be successful.
Even today Korea remains one of the strongest countries in the world for the sport of judo and this cross influence on the art of Korean hapkido to be felt in Hapkido influenced styles such as GongKwon Yusul (Hangul).
As a hapkido student advances through the various belt levels (essentially the same as other Korean arts, e.g. taekwondo), he or she learns how to employ and defend against various weapons. The first weapon encountered is most often a knife (Hangul; RR: kal). Another initial weapon used to teach both control and the basic precepts of utilizing a weapon with Hapkido techniques is the Jung Bong (police baton sized stick), techniques and defenses against the 35 cm short stick (Hangul; hanja; RR: danbong), a walking stick or cane (ji-pang-ee), and a rope are introduced in hapkido training. Many hapkido organisations may also include other weapons training such as a sword (gum), long staff (Hangul; hanja; RR: jangbong), middle length staff, nunchaku (Hangul; hanja; RR: ssangjeolgon), war-fan or other types of bladed weapons such as twin short swords. Some schools even teach students to defend against firearms. Hapkido weapons techniques are often incorporated into many military and law enforcement training curricula.
Hapkido training takes place in a dojang. While training methods vary, a typical training session will contain technique practice (striking techniques as well as defensive throws and grappling), break falling (Hangul; hanja; RR: nakbeop), sparring, meditation and exercises to develop internal energy (ki, Hangul; hanja; RR: gi).
Although hapkido is in some respects a "soft" art, training is very vigorous and demanding. The practitioner could benefit in training by being lean and muscular. However, strength is not a prerequisite of hapkido; what strength and fitness is necessary to perform the techniques develops naturally as a result of training.
Example Curriculum
The following is an example of the Korea Hapkido Association technical requirements from 1st degree to 5th degree Black Belt as recorded by He-Young Kimm in 1991, created in association with Ji Han Jae. These techniques are now considered pre-dan level.
1st Degree Black Belt
Single Kicks
Wrist Seize Defense
Clothing Seize Defense
Punch Defense
Kick Defense
Combination Kicks
Jumping Kicks
Throw Defense
Knife Defense
Attacking Techniques / Taking the Initiative
2nd Degree Black Belt
Advanced Wrist Grab Defense
Advanced Clothing Grab Defense
Advanced Punch Defense
Advanced Kick Defense
Choke Defense
Advanced Attacking Techniques / Taking the Initiative
Special Kicks
Defense From A Sitting Or Lying Posture
3rd Degree Black Belt
Joint locking Counters
Short Stick Techniques
Staff Techniques
4th Degree Black Belt
Cane Techniques
Sword Techniques
Defense Against Multiple Attackers
5th Degree Black Belt
Techniques Using Opponent's Force
Rope Techniques
Knife Throwing Techniques
Revival Techniques
ref https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapkido


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Larger Temporary Platform at WildSnow Field HQ
Another dry weekend before the snow hits gives us a chance to get one more project done at our backcountry port-a-hut camping shelter. Colorado touts something like 360 sunny days a year and we spend a lot of those days outside enjoying our temperate weather zone. Our temporary "observation platform" was a bit small. Something more practical for laying out a sleeping bag or even pitching a small tent was our goal. Structure built to be temporary, everything sitting on the ground, easily removed or changed.
Technical from Lou: "To keep it kosher for the building regulations the platform is not tied to the camp shelter trailer nor ground in any way, and obviously could be moved or easily removed as it's not installed on any sort of foundation. I've built these sorts of temporary structures for years. One thing that's stood the test of time in our dry Colorado climate (I've gone back and looked at some stuff I built that's more than 25 years old) is to simply set 6×6 and 4×4 ground-contact treated landscape timbers as your support posts or lay them flat as 'skids' if you don't need much height. Since the platform is temporary and "floating," the posts only need to be in shallow holes or simply set on undisturbed ground. As you build, hold the posts up plumb with temporary braces, then place permanent X bracing once everything is done, so the posts and platform act as one unitized structure.
Since these are temporary structures intended for eventual removal, I use screws for most fasteners including those with shear load. Deck and drywall screws are weak in shear loads (yeah, I've made some mistakes, used them where I shouldn't have, and seen them break), so I compensate by using more and thicker screws. One recent upgrade to my building systems is the use of star drive (Torx) screws instead of Phillips head. Phillips are designed so the driver "cams out" of the screw head to prevent over torque, but that results in immediate bit damage (and frustration) when using hardened screws. Torx doesn't cam out, but will break the bit or screw if over-torqued. Easy to deal with: just develop a feel for the amount of torque, and set your drill's selectable maximum torque to a safe level. Star drive self-drilling decking screws tend to be a bit pricey, but the time and bits they save (not to mention ruined Phillips screws) more than make up for the extra cost. Kudos to Dynafit for the inspiration regarding star drive. When they first changed to Torx screws with their bindings I thought it was lame, but they won me over. Now I'm a Torx star-drive evangelist!
Be careful of trying to save money with over spanning your floor joists — a mistake a lot of homeowner deck builders make when they try to do their own engineering. Use the rule of thumb for dimensional lumber spans then go a bit shorter for snow load and less of a bouncy feeling, and be sure to block or strap the floor joists to prevent twisting under load. Rule of thumb for a solid feeling deck that can handle snow load is span = cross section if joists are installed on 16 inch centers. Thus, for an 8 foot span you'd use at least 2×8 lumber. I used 2×10 from the cull pile for spans of about 7 feet. Definitely over-built but we don't have to worry about big snow loads if we're not up there to shovel, and the cull wood was full of knots so it's not as strong as selected structural sticks.
Liberal use of Simpson hardware speeds things up, but is not essential if you have some experience with framing carpentry. In terms of what Simpson stuff gives you the most bang for the buck: joist hangers of course.
A few words about using cull wood from the lumber yard. First, be sure to talk down the price as low as possible, as cull is difficult to work with and will include sticks that shatter or are so twisted as to be totally unusable (known in the trade as "propeller wood" or "boat boards"). Tool up with a selection of bar clamps you can use to de-warp the boards as you install. Have one bar clamp with a 38 inch bar to use as a "twister" your assistant can hold while you install fasteners. Cull may be dried out and brittle, so have an extra cordless drill handy with a bit for drilling pilot holes so your screws or nails don't destroy your bargain cellulose. And finally, figure your reject cull will make fine firewood!
Weather resistance? In our climate at our high altitude, I've found that vertical untreated lumber that's not in ground contact will last virtually forever if it's protected from rain falling on horizontal surfaces. Thus, before installing the deck boards the superstructure gets protective strips of ice/water shield on top edges. The regular framing lumber deck boards also last quite well, especially if you mop them with wood preservative every few years. Problem places for the deck boards are wider areas where moisture might get trapped underneath the board, such as on top of 6×6 timber skids. In those situations use a few sticks of treated lumber or composite decking. If you're in moist climates, you'll need to use all treated wood or composite for these sorts of projects. That's expensive, but you get more snow than we do so everything is equal (grin)."
11 Responses to "Larger Temporary Platform at WildSnow Field HQ"
Glenn Sliva
November 6th, 2012 9:21 am
Three things eat wood besides bugs. Light, Air, and Water. Water is the easiest to control. I use Defy water emulsion epoxy stain. Nice pre-winter/snow story.
It's a good thing that chain saw doesn't leak chain oil all over your nice clean deck! (referring to picture #1) Ha Ha. I've made that mistake before……..must be using some of that crisco stuff or ?
Lou Dawson
November 6th, 2012 10:00 am
Glenn, my special winter mix of one quart 5/30 synthetic to 3 quarts bar oil, and yes it does spray but the platform ends up dark and weathered so it doesn't show. If I was concerned, I'd use vegetable oil as chain lube since most cuts last seconds and the bar and chain never even heat up. Lou
November 6th, 2012 10:15 am
Another thing that eats wood are critters. They've even chewed on treated wood.
Lou Dawson
November 6th, 2012 10:23 am
Yeah, and you know that "rodent" repellent they sell at the hardware store? I think it does sometimes work, but last time I dug it out an animal had gnawed the top off! Key with the critters is to use repellents and moth balls, but also just keep an eye on things and cover problem areas with sheet metal.
Caleb Wray
November 6th, 2012 10:55 am
Wow guys. You weren't kidding about the platform extension. Looks like enough room for a hot tub ;).
Lou Dawson
November 6th, 2012 11:09 am
At some point there will be a hot tub somewhere up there!
November 6th, 2012 12:56 pm
WildSnow girls love hot tubs!
Lou Dawson
November 6th, 2012 2:17 pm
I actually don't know why I have not installed a hot tub up there already. Amazing how your priorities get messed up. Instead, I'm sitting here reviewing ski bindings. Not exactly a hot date.
November 7th, 2012 6:56 am
Lou and Lisa,
A bloke over here in the UK does tv shows about people building/renovating homes – Grand Designs.
He did a spin-off show and built his own hut in a woodland. No mountains or skiing, but there seem to be some similar planning regulations – the hut is on wheels etc. In Series 1, ep 4, he builds himself a hot tub, using airplane parts from a airfield graveyard. At the very least it's interesting to see the ideas he comes up with, for a low cost project, the hot tub is high on novelty value and looks pretty cool.
If you watch, you'll need some time, the show is 40 odd minutes and not all of that is on hot tubs… or chainsaws, though an earlier episode see's him splitting oak logs with explosives
November 7th, 2012 7:48 pm
Lou, is that a Stihl 024 Woodboss? Good chainsaw. Runs forever. Maybe you should do a chainsaw review.
Lou Dawson
November 8th, 2012 6:24 am
Corey, it's an MS 311, and does seem to just keep running… I've used it a bunch, probably should take it in for service. Overall I'm happy, but the defective fuel tank cap is a drag, it doesn't attach unless you place it on there perfectly, but looks like it's attached only to dump fuel on your leg when pick the saw up… Lou


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Happy Monday, yo.
every occasion cards
Happy Monday, yo.
16 comments:
these are perfect since my kids suck at writing thank you notes. although I'm not sure my parents would appreciate the sentiment...ReplyDeleteReplies
They can white out the bad words.Delete
hahaha Those are amazing!ReplyDeleteReplies
They gave me a good chuckle :)Delete
These are brilliant!ReplyDelete
These are amazing haha.ReplyDelete
Haha - love these! Epic freakin' baby. :)ReplyDelete
Hahaha! So cool!ReplyDeleteReplies
Everyone needs them, I'm convinced.Delete
- AnonymousNovember 4, 2013 at 8:06 PM
Hahahha I love these. Perfect holiday card in my opinion.ReplyDeleteReplies
I seriously contemplated using them for that! Buttttt I figure I might offend my mom :)Delete
- AnonymousNovember 4, 2013 at 10:17 PM
this made me giggle. thanks for sharing :)ReplyDeleteReplies
Glad you got a good laugh :) It's seriously my favorite thing!Delete
TOO hilarious!!! Love them.ReplyDelete
These are hilarious! I hate coming up with things to say in holiday cards and these are the perfect solution. Ordering right meow...ReplyDeleteReplies
Perfect!! Glad this could help :)Delete


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A drug dealer has been jailed for more than five years after police raided his home and found 12 wraps of cocaine.
Stephen McQueen, 47, was arrested after officers found 12 wraps of cocaine and of 13.5grams of cocaine.
McQueen, from Epping Green in Woodhall Farm, Hemel Hempstead was charged with two counts of possession of a controlled drug with intent to supply before being remanded in custody.
He pleaded guilty to the offences and was sentenced at St Albans Crown Court yesterday (Wednesday, May 27) to five years, seven months and two weeks.
Officers executed the warrant back in March, following information received from the local community.
PC Gordon Cooper from the Operational Support Group said: "Class A drugs supply will not be tolerated in Hertfordshire.
"We will respond to intelligence from the community and pursue those who choose to supply controlled drugs in the county."


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General visiting from family members, siblings, friends and non-patient visitors is suggested between the hours of 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., 12 p.m. to 1 p.m., 3 p.m. to 5 p.m., and 7 p.m. to 9 p.m.
If you plan to stay overnight, or come to the hospital after general visiting hours you should make prearrangement with the head nurse.
Visits in the ICU are limited to immediate family only for a short period of time between the following hours 9 a.m. to 9:30 a.m., 11 a.m. to 11:30 a.m., 2:30 p.m. to 3 p.m., 5 p.m. to 5:30 p.m., and 7:30 p.m. to 8 p.m.
No children are allowed to visit.
Visitors should ask permission via the receptionist outside the unit to enter.
To help you find your way we have signage throughout our hospital or you can ask staff members on the front reception. In addition, all our patient rooms have single letter - 3-digit numbers. The letter indicates the section and the first digit indicates the floor.
S = Rooms prefix with S are located in the South part of the building, Section 1
C = Rooms prefix with C are located in the Central part of the building, Section 2
N = Rooms prefix with N are located in the North part of the building, Section 3
0 = Basement
1 = Ground floor
2 = First floor
Example: Room N107 is in the North part of the building, Section 3 on the ground floor.
If you become lost or would like help to your desired location, just ask any staff member.
Cell phone use is allowed at AMC unless specifically noted by signage. Please be considerate of others and respect patient confidentiality when using your cell phone.
Wireless Internet is freely available on all areas in the building. Your electronic device must have wireless Internet capabilities. If it is set to detect available wireless networks, it will pick up the "Guest" and should ask if you want to connect.
Our cafeteria is open daily from 7:30 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., on Saturdays from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and on Sundays from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
VISA and MasterCard are accepted.
Receipts for food purchases are available upon request.
Free parking for families and visitors is available in areas marked "Visitor Parking." Please do not park in any area designated for special needs, such as handicapped.
Security Services are provided during night-time.
Public transportation is available.
For more information please visit the following link http://www.osel.com.cy
No live plants or flowers are allowed in the patients' rooms or in the Intensive Care Unit. In case we receive any of them, we will keep them in the Hospital and give to the patients or their relative when leaving the hospital.
However, friends and family are welcome to send cards and other gifts to patients staying at AMC.
In the unlikely event of a fire emergency, you will hear an alarm followed by an announcement. If this happens, please stay in the patient's room and wait for instructions from a staff member. Our entire staff is fully trained to respond to emergency situations. AMC has routine fire drills so that we can rapidly respond to emergencies.
To provide a healthy healing environment for our patients, AMC is a "No Smoking" facility.
Please do not bring valuables with you to the hospital.
AMC is not responsible for lost, stolen or damaged property.
-Please help us to keep the hospital quiet by speaking softly and avoiding unnecessary noise.
-Family and visitors may be asked to leave the room during tests or treatments, or when the doctor or nurse needs to examine the patient.
-Wash your hands when you get here and before you leave—we don't want you to take any germs with you.
-Please don't come to visit if you feel sick. You may spread your germs to your loved one or others.
- All children must be supervised by an adult at all times and cannot be left alone with the patient.


text:
A fun article about Teller (of Penn &), and his Red Ball
trick illusion. I must tell you, seeing it actually done is more amazing than the article really gives credit for. It's one of the most perfectly executed effects I've ever seen, and it's done so simply, with an utter lack of pretension. It is a perfect trick.


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via unurth.com
I'm not really one for graffiti, but as in any art form, every once in a while something comes along and knocks your socks off. Roa's work is just that. He seems to be racking up the airmiles too. This one in particular, and more pieces can be found in Warsaw, Poland.


text:
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A joint AIHW and Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) publication. Highlights aspects of the Australian hospital system with a focus on comparison between the public and private hospital sectors.
We'd love to know any feedback that you have about the AIHW website, its contents or reports.
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Five things about Pete
Thanks to Amy for tagging me in the "Five Things" meme. I'm going to do the Creating Passionate Users twist and answer Kathy Sierra's fivish questions. Here goes...
1. What's the most fun work you've ever done, and why?
The most fun work I've ever done has always been the work I'm doing at the time, so my current job is the most fun work I've done. Why? I get to work in a supportive environment on diverse projects (QandANJ, wireless projects, audiobooks, etc.), have a lot of freedom and can exercise my creativity in many ways, and I get to interact with lots of people (f2f and virtually).2a. Name one thing you did in the past that you no longer do but wish you did?
I wish I did a better job staying in touch with family and friends. I used to write a lot of letters. Now I barely pick up a phone or email. :-(2b.Name one thing you've always wanted to do but keep putting it off?
I'd like to take formal guitar lessons. I walk around with the phone number of a guitar teacher in my wallet. I've been meaning to call him for a couple of years now, but then I started watching Buffy on DVD and, uh, other priorities asserted themselves. (How lame is that? But to be fair, Buffy was quite a show!)3a. What two things would you most like to learn or be better at, and why?
As I mentioned, I'd like to achieve some measure of competence on the guitar. Why? Because I love music, and I would especially like to be good enough to create music with other people. I just finished reading This is Your Brain on Music and I'm feeling so jazzed (heehee) that I just might pick up the phone and call Mr. Guitar Teacher (that is, as soon as I finish watching Angel on DVD. Curse you Joss Whedon!)3b. If you could take a class/workshop/apprentice from anyone in the world living or dead, who would it be and what would you hope to learn? (two more sentences, max)
I'd want to do an apprenticeship with Marshall Rosenberg. I would hope to learn how to use the principles of Non-violent communication to better connect with other people.4a. What three words might your best friends or family use to describe you?
Kind, funny, non-judgmental. At least, that's how they better describe me if they know what's good for 'em. You listening family and friends??4b. Now list two more words you wish described you...
Organized, effective5. What are your top three passions? (can be current or past, work, hobbies, or causes-- three sentences max)
Love to play the tennis, spend time with my wife, and listen to live music (which I do now, once every two years or so. Hmm... Self-care much?)6 Write--and answer--one more question that YOU would ask someone (with answer in three sentences max)
If you take cranberries and stew them like applesauce, do they taste much more like prunes than rhubarb does? Let me rephrase: What's funny? Answer: Groucho Marx, Coen Brothers, Woody Allen, Jon Stewart, Adam Sandler singing about his red-hooded sweatshirt, Seinfeld, Joss Whedon, Scrubs, and a lot of other stuff.[Bonus: What is one question you wish people would ask themselves?]
Is this worth paying attention to... and...If it bothers me, is there another way of looking at this?Bonus Fact about me me me!
I've lived most of my life with in New Jersey but have almost no identifiable accent (so I've been told.) I think that's because most people in NJ talk good.
What American accent do you have?
Your Result: The Northeast
Judging by how you talk you are probably from north Jersey, New York City, Connecticut or Rhode Island. Chances are, if you are from New York City (and not those other places) people would probably be able to tell if they actually heard you speak.
Labels: 5 Things You Don't Know About Me, Peter


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text: A yacht manager will be the liaison between the captain, yacht manufacturers and owner to ensure the refit is done to specification within the agreed upon time and budget. With their records of success and experience in the industry, your yacht manager or broker will be able to advise on the best yard and contractors to carry out the type of refit needed. Many of the duties they assume include.