text:
- Research
- Open Access
Peripheral dose measurements in cervical cancer radiotherapy: a comparison of volumetric modulated arc therapy and step-and-shoot IMRT techniques
© Jia et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
- Received: 12 August 2013
- Accepted: 13 February 2014
- Published: 21 February 2014
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The aim of this study was to investigate the peripheral doses resulting from volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques in cervical cancer radiotherapy.
Nine patients with cervical cancer had treatment planned with both VMAT and IMRT. A specially designed phantom was used for this study, with ion chambers placed at interest points approximating the position of the breast, thyroid, and lens. The peripheral doses at the phantom interest points were measured and compared between the VMAT and IMRT techniques.
VMAT provides a potential dosimetric advantage compared with IMRT. The mean (± standard deviation) peripheral dose to the breast point for 1 fraction (2 Gy) during VMAT measured 5.13 ± 0.96 mGy, compared with 9.04 ± 1.50 mGy for IMRT. At the thyroid and lens interest points, the mean (± standard deviation) peripheral dose during VMAT was 2.19 ± 0.33 and 2.16 ± 0.28 mGy, compared with 7.07 ± 0.76 and 6.97 ± 0.91 mGy for IMRT, respectively. VMAT reduced the monitor units used by 28% and shortened the treatment delivery time by 54% compared with IMRT.
While the dosimetric results are similar for both techniques, VMAT results in a lower peripheral dose to the patient and reduces the monitor-unit usage and treatment delivery time compared with IMRT.
- Cervical cancer
- Volumetric modulated arc therapy
- Intensity modulated radiation therapy
- Peripheral dose
Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for patients with cervical cancer. Over the last decade, interest in the use of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to treat cervical cancer has been increasing. The IMRT technique has the potential benefit over conventional whole-pelvis irradiation of improving target dose coverage, reducing the volume of the organs at risk (OARs) that receive irradiation, and reducing the toxicity to normal tissue [1–4]. Despite the significant benefits of IMRT, there are some disadvantages. The technique usually requires multiple fixed-angle radiation beams, which can increase treatment delivery time. This has an impact on patient comfort, reproducibility of the treatment position, and intra-fraction motion. Moreover, IMRT uses a larger number of monitor units (MUs) compared with conventional conformal radiotherapy (CRT), leading to an increase in the amount of low-dose radiation received by the rest of the body. This raises the concern of secondary radiation-induced malignancy, which is of particular relevance to young patients or those with long future life expectancies [5–8].
A novel radiation technique, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), has recently been introduced in an attempt to overcome some of the limitations associated with fixed-field IMRT. VMAT allows continuous delivery of radiation by simultaneously varying the dose rate, the positions of the multileaf collimator, and the gantry rotation speed. Some studies demonstrate that VMAT can achieve highly conformal dose distributions, with improved target-volume coverage and sparing of normal tissues, compared with conventional radiotherapy techniques and IMRT [9–15]. VMAT also has the potential to offer additional advantages over conventional fixed-field IMRT in treatment-delivery efficiency, as a result of the reduction in both treatment delivery time and MU usage.
The peripheral dose is of clinical interest; it allows for estimation of the damage risk to those organs that are sensitive to relatively low doses of radiation. Such damage includes cataract formation in the lens of the eye and carcinogenesis, particularly in the thyroid and breast. The concept of the peripheral dose is normally associated with IMRT treatment, due to the increased number of MUs employed. Many researchers have investigated peripheral doses in IMRT [16–20].
The VMAT and IMRT techniques have been used to treat cervical cancer in clinical, yet to date, almost no data have been published that specifically address the peripheral dose generated by VMAT in patients with cervical cancer. The implementation of VMAT or IMRT in the treatment of cervical cancer raises concerns regarding the peripheral dose exposure. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the relative peripheral doses in VMAT and IMRT, planning both treatments in study patients and measuring peripheral doses in a specially designed phantom, using ion chambers approximating the position of the breast, thyroid, and lens tissue.
Methods and materials
Computed tomography simulation and planning objectives
Nine patients with cervical cancer, treated with the VMAT technique at our department between February 2013 and May 2013, were enrolled in this study. Ages ranged from 36 to 62 years, with a median age of 47 years. All of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma. Staging was performed according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification. 5 patients had StageIIA and 4 patients had StageIIB cervical cancer. The studies was approved by Shengjing hospital of China Medical University's ethics committee.
All patients were immobilized in the supine position using the HipFix hip and pelvis immobilization system (CIVCO, Orange City, IA, USA). Computed tomography (CT) simulation was performed for each patient using the AQUILION 16-slice spiral CT scanner (Toshiba Medical Systems Corp., Otawara, Japan) with oral and intravenous contrast. Contiguous 3-mm slices were taken from the iliac crest to the ischial tuberosities. Each patient's images were transported to the treatment planning system (Oncentra 4.1, Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) to design the plan for VMAT. Each patient also had a plan designed for IMRT, using the same images. Two plans (VMAT and IMRT) were therefore designed for each patient, for a total of 18 treatment plans.
The gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV), rectum, bladder, small bowel, and femoral heads were delineated in all patients by a single radiation oncologist. The GTV measured the volume of the primary tumor. The CTV comprised the GTV and any potential microscopic disease, including the entire uterus, parametrial tissues, the upper half of the vagina, and the regional lymph nodes in its calculation. The CTV was expanded uniformly by 8 mm in all directions to produce the planning target volume (PTV).
According to our treatment protocol, and referring to other studies [3, 14, 21], the dose prescription to the pelvis was set at 50 Gy, administered in 2 Gy fractions. Treatment plans were normalized to provide the mean dose to the PTV, in order to avoid any bias or rescaling effects in the comparison. The planning goal for both VMAT and IMRT was to obtain 95% of the prescribed dose to 98% of the PTV and not to exceed 105% as maximum dose. For the OARs including the rectum, bladder and small bowel, the dose received by 2% of the tissue volume (D2%) defined as the maximum dose was limit to 50 Gy. The complementary constraints (listed as V40Gy, the volume receiving 40 Gy of radiation) were < 40% for the rectum, < 50% for the bladder, < 25% for the small bowel, and < 5% for the femoral heads.
IMRT and VMAT planning
In IMRT planning, 7 angles were used to evenly separate coplanar fields, and "step-and-shoot" delivery was used. A collapsed-cone convolution algorithm was used to calculate dosage, with a dose grid resolution of 3 mm. In VMAT planning, a collapsed-cone convolution algorithm was adopted, using 2 full arcs of a clockwise rotation from the initial angle of 182 degrees to the end angle of 178 degrees. For optimization between the calculation time and the accuracy of treatment planning, 4 degrees was set as the spacing unit. There were a total of 180 control points, with the collimator of 45 degrees. We used the Elekta Synergy linear accelerator (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) to implement both VMAT and IMRT plans. A high-energy 6-MV photon beam was used for both techniques.
Dosimetric evaluation of VMAT and IMRT techniques
The quantitative plan evaluation was performed with a standard dose-volume histogram. For the PTV, the dose received by 98% of the tissue volume (D98%) was defined as the minimum dose, and the dose received by 2% of the tissue volume (D2%) was defined as the maximum dose. In addition, the volumes receiving at least 95% and at least 105% of the prescribed dose (V95% and V105%) were reported. Treatment homogeneity was expressed as the difference between the doses covering 5% and 95% of the PTV (D5% - D95%). The conformity index (CI90%) was defined as the ratio between the volume receiving at least 90% of the prescribed dose and the volume of the PTV. For the OARs, analysis included the mean dose, D2% and V40Gy.
Phantom and peripheral dose measurements
The phantom was then used to simulate treatment. The phantom was positioned on the treatment couch so that the center of the "pelvis" coincided with the machine isocenter, and so that the longitudinal axis of the phantom was perpendicular to the plane of gantry rotation. The ion chambers (FC65-G, IBA Dosimetry GmbH, Schwarzenbruck, Germany) were placed within the phantom at the positions meant to represent the breast, thyroid, and lens. A single fraction of 2 Gy was then delivered to the isocenter, using either the VMAT or IMRT plan, as determined for each of the 9 patients; the peripheral doses at the 3 interest points were measured using the ion chambers. The number of MUs and the treatment delivery time were recorded separately for each plan. The treatment delivery time was calculated from beam-on to beam-off, including time for radiation delivery and gantry rotation. A total of 18 measurements were made (9 VMAT plans and 9 IMRT plans).
The peripheral dose was defined, for the purposes of this study, as the radiation dose anywhere outside the treatment field; it was composed of the scatter dose and the leakage dose. The leakage dose was defined as the dose at the more distant point (i.e., the lens dose), and the scatter dose was defined as the dose difference between the closest point outside the field edge and the most distant point (i.e., breast dose minus lens dose).
The ion chambers were calibrated by the dosimetry calibration laboratory of the National Institute of Standards, using a standard 60Co beam energy. The inherent uncertainty was ± 0.27% and the reproducibility was ± 0.13%. The total uncertainty associated with our dosimeter was estimated to be within 2.0%.
Statistical analysis
The paired, 2-tailed Student's t-test was used to compare the differences between the VMAT and IMRT techniques. Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 12.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was assigned to p-values of < 0.05.
Dosimetric comparison
Dosimetric comparison between VMAT and IMRT plans: planned target volume and organs at risk
D2% (Gy)
51.9 ± 0.5
52.2 ± 0.3
D98% (Gy)
47.4 ± 1.6
48.0 ± 0.3
98.7 ± 0.8
98.7 ± 0.4
0.5 ± 0.4
1.3 ± 1.1
D5% - D95% (Gy)
3.3 ± 1.1
3.0 ± 0.3
1.5 ± 0.3
1.7 ± 0.2
Mean (Gy)
37.1 ± 1.5
38.1 ± 1.7
D2% (Gy)
49.5 ± 0.6
49.4 ± 0.9
V40Gy (%)
39.2 ± 5.1
40.7 ± 5.1
Mean (Gy)
38.1 ± 1.4
38.8 ± 1.9
D2% (Gy)
50.4 ± 0.9
50.3 ± 0.5
V40Gy (%)
47.3 ± 4.0
46.6 ± 5.6
Small bowel
Mean (Gy)
28.8 ± 2.5
30.1 ± 1.4
D2% (Gy)
49.5 ± 0.8
49.9 ± 0.5
V40Gy (%)
20.3 ± 3.3
21.3 ± 3.5
Left femoral head
D2% (Gy)
39.8 ± 1.7
40.3 ± 4.1
V40Gy (%)
2.3 ± 1.4
2.9 ± 1.9
Right femoral head
D2% (Gy)
39.1 ± 3.5
39.2 ± 5.0
V40Gy (%)
2.5 ± 1.7
2.6 ± 1.9
Peripheral dose comparison
Comparison of peripheral dose, monitor units, and treatment delivery time
Breast (mGy)
5.13 ± 0.96
9.04 ± 1.50
Thyroid (mGy)
2.19 ± 0.33
7.07 ± 0.76
Lens (mGy)
2.16 ± 0.28
6.97 ± 0.91
784.9 ± 179.2
1086.1 ± 184.6
Time (min)
6.12 ± 1.51
13.15 ± 0.83
In order to estimate the total dose delivered over an entire treatment course, the single fraction mean values were multiplied by 25. For the VMAT technique, the calculated total dose to the breast, thyroid, and lens points was 128, 55, and 54 mGy, respectively. These were each lower than the calculated total dose obtained with IMRT, of 226, 177, and 174 mGy, respectively. The calculated scatter dose to the breast from VMAT and IMRT was approximately 74 and 52 mGy, respectively. The scatter dose was slightly higher for VMAT than for IMRT, but the magnitude of the dose was quite small. The leakage dose from VMAT and IMRT was about 54 and 174 mGy, respectively; the leakage dose was much lower for VMAT than for IMRT.
MU and treatment delivery time comparison
The MUs and treatment delivery time associated with VMAT and IMRT are also shown in Table 2. Both measurements were lower for VMAT than for IMRT. Compared with IMRT, which used 1086 ± 185 MUs, VMAT used only 785 ± 179 MUs, a reduction of 28%. The treatment delivery time in VMAT (6.12 min) was reduced by 54% compared with IMRT (13.15 min). These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
The results of the present study indicate that, although VMAT and IMRT have similar target dose coverage, VMAT has improved homogeneity and conformality, and is able to treat cervical cancer more efficiently with less damage to the small bowel. Cozzi et al. [14] conducted a treatment planning study comparing volumetric arc modulation and fixed-field IMRT for cervix uteri radiotherapy. Their study showed that the treatments provide the same coverage but arc therapy offers better homogeneity and conformality to the PTV. Arc therapy also reduces the mean dose to the bladder and rectum, which ranges from about 4 to 6 Gy. Cozzi et al's results are slightly better than ours in sparing the bladder and rectum, presumably because they have extensive experience with VMAT planning. However, a discussion of the dosimetric advantage of VMAT is not the focal point of our study; we have focused on the peripheral dose resulting from VMAT in cervical cancer radiotherapy.
The peripheral dose arises primarily from scatter, generated by the patient or phantom, the machine collimators, and the walls of the room, and from leakage through the machine's shielding and collimators. Many studies have reported the peripheral doses resulting from various radiotherapy techniques [19, 20, 22–26]. Kase et al. [22] measured the peripheral dose from secondary radiation outside an open treatment field. They found that the peripheral dose can be described by a simple exponential function of distance from the central axis of the radiation field for all energies and field sizes. The peripheral dose depends on the machine collimators, the field size, and the distance from the field. Machine collimator scatter contributes between 20% and 40% of the dose outside the treatment field; leakage radiation contributes very little.
Sharma et al. [23] reported the peripheral dose resulting from a uniform dynamic multileaf collimation (DMLC) field. They measured the different doses in a phantom that compared static open fields to those using moving strip fields of varying width, in an attempt to simulate DMLC delivery. Their study showed that all dynamic fields deliver a higher relative peripheral dose compared with the corresponding static open fields. However, peripheral doses close to the field edge can be higher for static fields than for certain DMLC comparison fields. They also carried out a feasibility study that used peripheral dose data from uniform DMLC fields to estimate out-of-field organ doses from IMRT treatment [20].
Mansur et al. [19] compared peripheral doses between IMRT and 3-dimensional CRT techniques in pediatric radiotherapy. Their study showed that IMRT delivery results in lower peripheral doses at points near the target, presumably due to reduced internal scatter from the smaller effective field size used in sliding window DMLC. Conversely, IMRT delivery results in higher doses to more distant points, presumably due to the higher MUs involved and the resulting increased head leakage. Since the magnitude of the doses at the distant points is much smaller than that seen at the closer points, the overall absolute peripheral dose is similar for both techniques.
Some researchers have pointed out that a higher peripheral dose may occur with the IMRT technique [24, 25]; others have reported a similar peripheral dose for IMRT and 3-dimensional CRT, at least in selected cases [26]; still others have reported a lower peripheral dose for IMRT in some cases [27]. These discrepancies may result from the fact that VMAT is a novel radiation therapy technique. It is important to investigate the peripheral dose and the OAR dose outside the treatment field in cervical cancer radiotherapy using VMAT and to compare these results with IMRT. A little data have been reported on the peripheral doses resulting from VMAT in cervical cancer radiotherapy. Qiu Y et al. described the peripheral doses for gynecological patients undergoing IMRT or RapidArc (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with kilovoltage cone beam CT [28]. This study shows that the IMRT leakage dose is approximately 6 cGy, uniformly distributed throughout the patient's body, while the leakage dose from RapidArc is about 3 cGy, using a prescribed dose of 45 Gy. Scatter doses from IMRT and RapidArc are similar in magnitude, reportedly about 5 cGy at the breast. Cozzi et al. also carried out a study in cervix uteri radiotherapy showing that RapidArc had a better profile than IMRT concerning peripheral doses, and RapidArc can reduce the peripheral dose from about 8% at 5 cm to about 30% at 15 cm from the PTV surface compared with IMRT. This result is in full support to our measurements.
Our phantom measurements reveal that the peripheral dose is always lower for VMAT than for IMRT, decreasing with increasing distance of measurement for both techniques. The VMAT dose at points closer to the beam edge (i.e., the breast point) is lower than the IMRT dose by about half, and the dose at more distant points (i.e., thyroid and lens points) is about a third lower. These differences can be explained by considering the 2 components of the phantom's peripheral dose: internal scatter and accelerator head leakage. Internal scatter primarily affects tissues or organs at points closer to the beam edge and is directly proportional to the field size. Accelerator head leakage affects the entire body equally and is directly proportional to the MUs employed.
In the VMAT technique, continuous delivery is achieved by simultaneously varying the dose rate, the positions of the multileaf collimator, and the gantry rotation speed. Compared with IMRT, VMAT reduces MU usage and treatment delivery time, and the modulated beam has a relatively large field size. This means that the leakage contribution to the peripheral dose becomes quite small and the peripheral dose at distant points is lower. While the scatter contribution to the peripheral dose becomes larger, the peripheral dose at points closer to the beam edge increases. The leakage dose and scatter dose contribute approximately 42% and 58%, respectively, of the total peripheral dose from VMAT.
With the IMRT technique, "step-and-shoot" delivery is administered at different gantry angles. Compared with VMAT, IMRT increases both the MU usage and treatment delivery time, and the modulated beam has a relatively small field size. This means that the leakage contribution to the peripheral dose becomes quite large and the peripheral dose at distant points is higher. While the scatter contribution to the peripheral dose becomes relatively small, the peripheral dose at points closer to the beam edge decreases. The leakage dose and scatter dose contribute approximately 77% and 23%, respectively, of the total peripheral dose from IMRT.
Our study found that the scatter dose predominates in the peripheral dose in VMAT, while the leakage dose predominates in IMRT. Our scatter doses to the breast from both VMAT and IMRT are similar to those reported by Qiu et al. [28], but our leakage doses are larger. The difference possibly results from the use of different study methods and prescribed doses.
Knowledge of the peripheral dose resulting from VMAT and IMRT techniques in cervical cancer radiotherapy is important and of clinical interest. Physicians must be able to estimate the dose to the non-treated organs and the resultant risk to patients. An understanding of the peripheral dose allows a more complete assessment of the radiation dose to long-term survivors.
The VMAT technique is able to treat cervical cancer more efficiently than the IMRT technique. VMAT provides a potential dosimetric advantage, results in a lower peripheral dose to the patient, and reduces the MU usage and treatment delivery time.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.


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today was the opening party for due/collezione at greenbelt 5. after the blessing of the store, cocktails were served at the gallery area. sabi ni rhett eala, small party daw, "tayo-tayo lang." here are the "tayo-tayo lang" guests! (can you spot me? :-)
THE FASH PACK. get all your fashion info fast, fresh, and free! every day! plus new feature: outfit posts! view my print-a-day challenge. no repeats! (until i say so.) you can also follow me on instagram @ilardeliza
Wednesday, July 27, 2011
due/collezione opening
Posted by the fash pack at 11:23 PM
Labels: collezione, due, me, rhett eala
2 comments:
- mich said...
you're so funny Ms. Liza! that's how Rhett throws a party :) haha
- Thursday, July 28, 2011 11:22:00 AM
- mich said...
you're so funny Ms Liza! that's how Rhett throws a party daw kasi :) haha
- Thursday, July 28, 2011 11:23:00 AM
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subset: commoncrawl


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The People of the CIA ... Women in Leadership: Cindy Bower
This is the second article in a two-part series about women in leadership at the CIA. It features Chief of Human Resources Cindy Bower. To learn more about women in leadership at the CIA, read the first article in our series about Director of Science and Technology Stephanie O'Sullivan.
* * * *
During her 31-year career at the CIA, Chief of Human Resources Cindy Bower has experienced a wide variety of jobs across the Agency. In fact, she has worked in every directorate with the exception of one—the National Clandestine Service. Bower was able to take advantage of numerous opportunities because she had a supportive mentor and an extensive network.
Down a Winding (Career) Path
Bower started out at the Agency in 1978 as a document analyst in the Directorate of Intelligence (DI). After moving to another job within the DI, in late 1985, her former office director and mentor called and asked her to take a plans officer position on the DI management staff. At first, Bower wasn't thrilled with the idea because it involved budget management and she wasn't particularly fond of math, but she soon realized that it was the perfect way to broaden her horizons.
"This job really opened up a lot of doors for me," she said. "It provided me with the skills I needed to be competitive for a variety of senior positions later in my career."
In 1988, Bower got another call from her mentor. This time, he was working as the office director at the National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC). He wanted Bower to take a job at NPIC. During the next four years, Bower immersed herself in different job opportunities at NPIC—two staff jobs and two management jobs.
Bower thanks her mentor—and the contacts she made through her mentor—for providing her with unique opportunities at which she could excel. She recognizes and values the guidance her mentor gave her throughout the years.
"At the end of the day, he showed me a whole new perspective of the organization, which allowed me to see the decision-making process at the highest level," she said. "His guidance provided me with new skills that allowed me to move more easily across the Agency."
Giving Back
Not only is Bower a product of a successful mentoring relationship, but she also strives to inspire young Agency employees by serving as a mentor. Bower has participated in a few different mentoring programs at the Agency.
One program, sponsored by the Office of Diversity Plans and Programs, provided Agency employees with the opportunity to engage with senior leaders. Bower's group consisted of several new employees who were interested in gaining insights into the Agency's culture and getting some useful career advice.
In addition, Bower participated in an office-level mentoring program that was focused on employees who are trying to figure out their next career move.
"We spent a lot of time exploring their opportunities," she said. "This may mean that they need to go back to school or they need to explore an entirely different career field."
Bower also regularly participates in individual mentoring. For example, Bower mentored a summer employee who has gone far in her career. Bower encouraged her to apply to the Agency. After she joined the Agency, Bower continued to give her career advice and watched her thrive.
"We talked a lot about the right moves for her to make in her career," Bower said. "Some of those decisions resulted in her not getting promoted as quickly, but ultimately put her on the career path she wanted to pursue."
Advice for the Next Generation
For people who are interested in working at the Agency, Bower offers several keys to success.
First, work hard and become known for something.
"It sounds very basic, but really it's the ticket to moving ahead," she said. "This can be anything from having a good academic record to receiving awards for public speaking or athletics. These kinds of accomplishments show dedication and commitment."
The second thing Bower tells people is to learn to be an effective communicator.
"A lot of what happens at the Agency is accomplished because of effective communication," she said. "It's very important to be able to write effectively, make a good presentation, negotiate, or argue your case effectively if you're trying to convince others of the value of your ideas."
"I can't tell you how many times I've seen an application that says, 'I'm a perfectionist,' but when you read the resume, it has several typos."
Third, Bower emphasizes maturity.
"Maturity can be demonstrated by holding a job, serving in the military, or paying the bills on time," she said.
Bower also says that overseas experience and foreign language skills are a plus for any applicant.
"I was a Russian language major and it's what got me through the door—even though I never used it," she said.
Having some fun is the next on Bower's list.
"There are too many exciting and interesting opportunities here to ever be bored," she said. "At the end of the day, you have to be able to enjoy what you are doing, laugh at your mistakes, and learn from them."
Related Stories and Links:


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Wuchang Shipyard
Wuhan, China
Ziyang Road, Wuhan, P.R.China
Zip Code:430060
Tel: 00 86 27 8077872
Fax:00 86 27 8077801
The Wuchang shipyard in Wuhan is responsible for conventional submarine construction. Products include military ships such as Cruise-missile submarines, Medium sized conventionally powered submarines, New type and mordernized submarines, Heavy landing ships, Minesweepers and Sea salvage ship. Wuchagn Shipyard, founded in 1934, was subordinated to the China State Shipbuilding Corporation prior to the 1999 formation of the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation.
Wuchang Shipyard is the biggest modern and comprehensive shipbuilding enterprise in inland China. The shipyard covers an area of 820,000 square meters with the total employees of more than 8,000, among them 200 are technical management staff, including 200 senior engineers, 15 experts enjoying state special subsidy.
With the capability to design, build and repair various type of civil ships below 8000DWT and military ships of 3000t, it has constructed and exported multipurpose cargo ships of 3830/6130 DWT, anchor handling / tug supply vessels of 4800KW, submarines and mine sweepers to Germany, Norway, Hongkong, Egypt, Bangladesh and etc, and all those ships have got approval by the International Classification Societies like CCS, GL, DNV and etc. Nowdays, all the ships are being constructed by a completed, advanced shipbuilding prodution line.
The shipyard's business line extends to various fields such as aero space, metallurgy, petrochemistry, harbour machinery, munipal infrastructure, bridge, steel structure and building materials etc. The shipyard has obtained the certificate to design and fabricate pressure vessels of grade I, II, III, and the certificate to manufacture and install many kinds of completed sets of machinery and electric equipment. In recent years, it has completed several state key projects like a large satellite launching pad, Xi Ling Yangzi River Bridge, No. 3 lock gate of Gezhouba Dam, Jingguang Mansion, 1000000 heavy oil catalytic cracking unit, 100,000M3 dry gas holders, shiplifters and hydropower stations.
Many of jthe yard's products have been awarded the state silver prize, the first, second and teh third prize of the state high science and technology,and the superior quality prize of the government and etc. Moreover, the shipyard is authorized as the second largest military industry measuring station in the centre of China, and granted the right to do import and export business directly.
Other shipbuilding enterprises in Hubei Province include Qingshan Shipyard of Changjiang Shipping Group, Yichang Shipyard, Hubei Shipyard, and Shipbuilding Industry Corporation of Gezhouba Water Conservancy Group. The Qingshan Shipyard is one of the important projects which was built during the first half of the 1950s. It has been developed to have various specialities, and has become a large size enterprise which has multi-production capacity in designing, repairing, and manufacturing various ships. It is one of the large inland repairing and manufacturing shipyard in China. Its neighbours include Qingshan Foreign Trade Wharf of Wuhan Port and the large size praduction enterprise--Wuhan Iron and Steel Company. Qingshan Shipyard occupies an area of 1000 thousand square meters and 2200m along Changjing shore. There are 9 working docks, 10 horizonal berths from 3,000t to 20,000t, 16 lines comblike track which has a width of 152m, inclined shipframe owning a general lift of 5,400t, 8 gantry cranes including 2 sets of 60t, 250 sets of metal processing machine, centrifugal casting machine, 1.5t 50HZ cast steel furnace, 3t steam forging hammer and a steel material pretreatment eguipment which was imported from Japan, numericaly controlled cutter, multiple cutter, numerically-controlled frame bending machine, all position automatical welding machine, and plasme-arc cutter. The fixed assets of Qinshan Shipyard is over 100 million yuan. Over the past decade it has constructed more than 150 various passenger liners, high-grade luxery cruise ships, 5,000dwt-15,000dwt rivev-coast cargo carriers, container carriers, crude oil tankers, liquid chemical products tankers, passenger-automobile ferries, large power engineering vessels, and other vessels.
Photographic Evaluation Report
High resolution imagery is available from two sources, including declassified CORONA imagery. As of 01 May 2001 Russian 2-meter resolution KVR-1000 imagery coverage was not available via the SPIN-2 service on TerraServer. As of 01 May 2001 archival Space Imaging IKONOS 1-meter imagery available on the CARTERRAT Archive includes several cloud-free scenes of this area.
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The nose knows
Nature Neuroscience
September 26, 2011
The arrangement of smell receptors in the human nose is organized, in part, according to the perception of odor pleasantness, reports a study published online this week in Nature Neuroscience. These findings are the first systematic study of odor receptor responses in humans, who can report on subjective pleasantness of odors, which is difficult to measure in animals.
Noam Sobel and colleagues recorded neural activity directly from the lining of the human nose in response to a range of odors, and also asked these individuals to judge the pleasantness (or unpleasantness) of each odor. They found that a location that responded best to a pleasant odor was likely to respond strongly to other pleasant odors, and a location that responded best to an unpleasant odor was likely to respond strongly to other unpleasant odors.


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Four Time Seven, a poem
Four Times Seven
My brother had this thing
about always going back
the way he came.
So I won't get wound-up,
he said. So I'm not
the only crazy one in the family,
just the most obvious.
The rocks just beneath the water—
I knew they were there
and didn't care. A wave
is to be ridden and a broken
fin or maybe a toe
was sometimes the price
at my favorite break.
We laughed at each others jokes,
the ones no one else
seemed to get; were we
the perfect couple or just
the perfect audience?
The show is over and we
have both gone home.
Tide and sea breeze
have erased every line
I drew in the sand.
I will make new ones
tomorrow; nothing lasts,
after all, each line is
crossed and forgotten.
Stephen Brooke ©2013


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I happened to have some wood pieces around suitable for this experiment. The joke is that a less-used nickname for the C64 in Finland was "kuuslankku", literally "fir board". (Fir/six are homonyms in Finnish) ...calling the C64 a "two-by-four" -> "six-by-four" might somewhat explain it.
The other motive was to reduce the footprint of the C64, which is clearly possible with the short motherboard. A vertical positioning might offer a more radical solution, but I want to have the keyboard and case integrated. Rest assured, collectors! I have not ruined anything. I'm aiming for a reversible solution.
The ultimate aim is to create a casing that is more overall wooden in appearance, but with this model I've merely begun to study the possibilities. These tend to take long time to materialize, so I felt some WIP images might be in order.
(Oh, C64 is so widespread that somebody has probably done all this before. I'm not going to look because it would be de-motivating at this early stage. Maybe later!)
From the side, it's currently even taller than the breadbox. This may change. For me, the keyboard does not need to be effective for typing/coding, just as long as the computer can be operated. It is more important to connect the keyboard unit in a way that permits easy access to the board inside. (For changing the SID, for example). This is the more challenging part not addressed here. I'm currently toying with the idea of making a groove into the front panel, to which the keyboard unit "slides in". This would also lower the keyboard.
The image above shows something of how the board lies on two "rails", which are connected together with a thin chipboard plate screwed in. The rails are unnecessarily tall but then again this made it possible to clamp-glue the front panel.
The piece of plywood on the right is not screwed in into the metal, it just rests on it. (Basically it also shows the limit for lowering they keyboard.) The motherboard is screwed onto the two rails. There are metal nuts between the board and the rails so that the circuit board does not touch the rails.
Here is an idea of how much footprint has been won. Of course, the cartridge protrudes a bit uncomfortably from the back. I think one centimeter could still be won by using thinner wood, but it might not be worth the trouble.


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Other Events
2018, "Reconciliation and Peace in Colombia: Confidence-Building Developments and Continuing Challenges," New York, NY, USA
Following upon the "Reconciliation and Peace in Colombia" event on October 20, 2017, this event focused on assessing the progress in implementing Colombia's peace agreement with the FARC and possibilities for negotiations with the ELN. Speakers for this panel included Archbishop Bernardito Auza of the Holy See Mission to the UN, Ambassador María Mejía Velez of the Permanent Mission of Colombia to the UN, Archbishop Luis Castro Quiroga, President of the Colombian Episcopal Conference, Msgr. Héctor Fabio Henao, Director of Caritas Colombiana and President of Colombia's National Peace Commission, and David Cortright, Director of Policy Studies and of the Peace Accords Matrix at the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame, which is responsible for monitoring the agreement with the FARC. Joseph Cornelius Donnelly, Head of Delegation for Caritas Internationalis moderated. The event was co-sponsored by the Holy See Mission to the UN, the Permanent Mission of Colombia to the UN, Caritas Internationalis, CPN, and the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame. Video of the event is available. Also available are reports from Archbishop Auza, and from the National Catholic Reporter.
2017, "Reconciliation and Peace in Colombia: the Impact of the Visit of Pope Francis," New York, NY, USA
The Holy See Mission convened a special conference to examine the impact that the visit of Pope Francis to Colombia in November 2017 had on the peace and reconciliation processes in the country. The event was held at the UN on October 20. Participants included: Archbishop Bernardito Auza, Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the UN; Amb. Maria Emma Mejia Velez, Permanent Representative of Colombia to the UN; Msgr. Hector Fabio Henao, Director of Caritas Colombiana; Joseph Donnelly, Head of Delegation, Caritas Internationalis; and Gerard F. Powers, Coordinator of the Catholic Peacebuilding Network and Director of Catholic Peacebuilding Studies at the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame. The event was co-sponsored by the Holy See Mission to the UN, the Permanent Mission of Colombia to the UN, Caritas Internationalis, CPN, and the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame. Video of the event is available, and below find text of the remarks from Archbishop Auza and Gerard Powers.
Remarks from Archbishop Bernardito Auza
2015, "The Pope and the Bomb: New Nuclear Dangers and Moral Dilemmas," Washington, DC, USA
A panel event hosted by the Nuclear Threat Initiative, moderated by E.J. Dionne, with Sam Nunn, Co-Chairman of the Nuclear Threat Initiative; Maryann Cusimano Love, of the Catholic University of America; and Bishop Oscar Cantú, Chairman of the USCCB's Committee on International Justice and Peace. This event was connected to the Revitalizing Catholic Engagement on Nuclear Disarmament initiative.
See the NTI webpage for the event for more information, including video of the panel.
2015, Public Panel at the Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, New York, NY, USA
A panel hosted by the Carnegie Council bringing together policymakers and scholars to address issues of nuclear weapons and disarmament. The panel occurred in New York on May 7, 2015. Participants included Archbishop Bernardito C. Auza, Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the UN; J. Bryan Hehir, of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University; Des Browne, the Lord Browne of Ladyton, Vice-Chairman of the Nuclear Threat Initiative; Maryann Cusimano Love, of the Catholic University of America; and Gerard F. Powers of Notre Dame's Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies.
See the Carnegie Council's website for the event for more information, including transcripts, audio, and video.
2015, Fifth Annual American Meeting for Peace of the Community of Sant' Egidio, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
This gathering of the Sant' Egidio community in the USA was hosted by the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies and featured a principal event entitled Peace is Always Possible: Reflections from Proven Peacemakers. This event included presentations by Archbishop John Baptist Odama, a key mediator between the Ugandan government and the Lord's Resistance Army; Miko Peled, an Israeli peace activist and researcher; Bassem al-Tamimi, a Palestinian non-violent protest organizer; and Laurie Johnston, a member of the Community of Sant' Egidio who has been part of over 20 peace and reconciliation processes in Africa, the Balkans, Central America, and the Middle East.
See the meeting page for more informaton.
2012, Meeting of Colombian Bishops on the Colombian Peace Process, Miami, FL, USA
With Archbishop Thomas Wenski of Miami, Florida, CPN hosted a four-day meeting of 17 Colombian bishops to prepare for peace negotiations in the country and discuss peacebuilding strategies with scholars and practitioners. The event was co-sponsored by CPN, the University of Notre Dame's Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, Catholic Relief Services, and the Conferencia Episcopal de Colombia Secretariado Nacional de Pastoral Social/Caritas Colombiana. A news report on the meeting is available here.
2012, Panel on International Conflict and Inter-Faith Cooperation, Rome, Italy
A panel sponsored cooperatively by CPN, the Catholic University of America, and the U.S. Embassy to the Holy See. This panel contributed to preparation for a major conference in 2013 celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of Pacem in Terris.
2011, Colloquium on Catholic Peacebuilding, Rome, Italy
A half-day event that brought together 100 people, including ambassadors to the Holy See, to learn about and discuss the role of the Catholic Church in global peacemaking.
2011, "Sudan: Peace in the Balance," University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
In January 2011, southern Sudan held a referendum on independence from Sudan, which led to the formation of South Sudan as an independent state. Before that result came to pass, this presentation discussed the question of whether such a result would lead to peace or new violence and instability. Three representatives of the Catholic bishops of Sudan were in the United States for high-level meetings in Washington and spoke at the event.
2008, Conference at the United Nations Headquarters on the Role of Religion in Peacebuilding, New York, NY, USA
At a time when the UN was giving new attention to peacebuilding, including the role of religion in promoting reconciliation, an event was organized at the United Nations, in partnership with the Holy See's Permanent Observer Mission to the UN. The conference considered a broad spectrum of peacebuilding initiatives of the Catholic Church around the world and lessons learned from its peacebuilding work, especially in the Great Lakes region of Africa. Panelists offered insights about how a Catholic perspective can contribute to the wider discussion of religion and peacebuilding at the UN, and included Archbishop Celestino Migliore, former permanent Observer of the Holy See to the UN, Gerard Powers, Coordinator of CPN, Maryann Cusimano Love, of The Catholic University of America, and John Katunga, of the East Africa Region of Catholic Relief Services.
Powers-Peacebuilding: A Role for Religion
Katunga-Lessons about the Catholic Church's role in peace processes and post-conflict reconciliation
Cusimano Love-Catholic Peacebuilding and Emerging International Norms and Practices of the UN and Other International and Governmental Bodies
2007, "Exit or No Exit from Iraq," Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
Held at Fordham University, a follow up forum from the 2005 conference "The Ethics of Exit," this conference examined the ethics of exit from Iraq by the United States and its allies as the results of the "surge" in U.S. involvement occurred. At this time, insurgency, sectarian violence, and civil war were deepening; neighboring countries were taking sides among the warring factions; reconstruction had stalled; civilians from Shiite and Sunni urban communities had become refugees and Internally Displaced Persons; Iraqis associated with the U.S. presence faced special dangers; and, Al Qaeda had established a growing presence while public opinion had taken a decisive turn against the war. This event offered a panel of distinguished ethicists who examined the moral principles that should govern when and how the United States was to disengage from Iraq.
Video available here.
2005, "The Ethics of Exit: The Morality of Withdrawal from Iraq," Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
Co-sponsored by Fordham University's Center on Religion and Culture and the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at University of Notre Dame, this forum was held in New York at Fordahm University. Through a series of panels, it evaluated various ethical dimensions of a withdrawal from Iraq by the United States and its allies.
Transcripts available:
Which Way? Stay the Course or Strategic Withdrawal?
The Ethics of Occupation and Withdrawal: Jus Post-Bellum
Learning from the Past
Synthesis and Discussion


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Calendar of Events
Come to our Valentine's Day Networking Party and do something delightful for your spirit and beneficial for your business. Share a tasty buffet lunch, compliments of Chick Fil A, and savor some delectable holiday treats while promoting your business through the sharing of ideas, business cards, and potential leads. Play an ever-so-charming networking game and connect with other like-minded women who are living their lives with passion and joy. IBWC welcomes working women from Nassau, Suffolk, Queens and beyond.
To celebrate Valentine's Day, everyone is encouraged to offer goods and/or services discounts and giveaways to all who attend. Bring discount certificates, promotional items, literature and anything else you want to share with the group to advertise your business.
February 12-18 is the annual Random Acts of Kindness Week…so let's be kind to the world and kind to one another. Admission is $5 for members and $20 for non-members. Cash or check only, please.
RSVP to email@example.com or call Karen at 631.754.6640. You can also reserve your space on the IBWC Facebook page. Follow our blog @www.ibwc.tumblr.com and join us on LinkedIn and Meetup. To sign up for our email reminders, text IBWC to 22828.


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14/09/2018 - 17:24:00Back to Donald Trump World Home
Donald Trump's former campaign chairman has cut a "cooperation agreement" with US prosecutors and intends to plead guilty to charges related to his Ukrainian consulting work.
The deal allows Paul Manafort to avoid a second trial that had been scheduled to start next week in Washington.
Manafort was convicted last month of eight financial crimes in a separate trial in Virginia.
Prosecutor Andrew Weissman said in court today that Manafort had struck a "cooperation agreement." He did not elaborate on the agreement.
Manafort told the judge he wants to plead guilty.
His second trial would have been related to Ukrainian political consulting work, including failing to register as a foreign agent.
The White House said Manafort's decision to plead guilty and cooperate with special counsel Robert Mueller is "totally unrelated" to the president.
Press secretary Sarah Sanders said: "This had absolutely nothing to do with the President or his victorious 2016 Presidential campaign. It is totally unrelated."
- Press Association


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How-To Videos
Tools for Sanding Wood Floors
By: Danny Lipford
Before finishing new hardwood floors or refinishing existing ones, you need to sand them smooth first. Here are the tools needed to tackle a floor sanding job:
- Drum Sander: This heavy-duty, wall behind machine makes fast work of sanding hardwood floors. Sheets of sandpaper in various grits are secured around the drum on the bottom of the machine, and replace when they become clogged or dull.
- Edge Sander: This smaller, handheld sander uses a replaceable disk to sand hardwood floors next to walls and doorways where a drum sander can't reach.
Both of these tools can be rented at your local home center but should to be used with caution, since they're very aggressive and can gouge and damage a floor if you're not careful. Watch this video to find out more.
Further Information
- Power Tools for Flooring Projects (video)
- How to Refinish Wood Floors (video/article)
- Installing Engineered Hardwood Flooring (video)
- How to Choose and Install Wood Floors in Your Home (video)
Videos You May Like
Related Videos
|Power Tools for Flooring Projects
|Sanding Heart Pine Floors
|Floor Sanding: Knowing When to Call in...
|How to Sand Curved Shapes
CommentsPlease Leave a Comment
2 Comments on "Tools for Sanding Wood Floors"
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Thomas Boni Says:
September 26th, 2018 at 12:23 pm
Hi, Jane,
TodaysHomeowner.com features home improvement advice from the nationally syndicated TV show "Today's Homeowner" and its experts.
We don't offer information on individual home builders and suppliers, but we encourage checking your local phone listings for this information.
Thanks for your question, and good luck!
jane Says:
September 26th, 2018 at 9:02 am
where can I hire a dust free wooden floor sander in Pietermaritzburg
We want to hear from you! In addition to posting comments on articles and videos, you can also send your comments and questions to us on our contact page or at (800) 946-4420. While we can't answer them all, we may use your question on our Today's Homeowner radio or TV show, or online at todayshomeowner.com.


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Compline (which comes from the Latin word for completion) follows a very ancient format that has been largely unchanged for many centuries. It is simple enough to memorise and it's familiar rhythm helps to wonderfully settle the mind before sleep. It is a time of quietness and reflection and is best done as the very last thing you do before turning off the lights and going to sleep.
God, come to my assistance
Lord, make haste to help me.
Glory be to the Father and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit.
As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen
We are called to have a clear conscience towards God and towards men, in our hearts and in our minds, in our actions and inactions. To do so, it is vital that we examine our conscience daily and ask for God's mercy as we fall short and to ask His strength to do better.
Pause for Reflection…
All: (When praying in community, use the words in parenthesis)
I confess to God almighty,
(and to you my brothers and sisters,)
that I have greatly sinned,
In my thoughts and in my words,
in what I have done and in what I have failed to do.
Through my fault, through my foolishness,
And through my fear.
Almighty God, have mercy upon me.
Forgive me all my sins,
and deliver me from all evil.
Confirm and strengthen me in all goodness,
and bring me to life everlasting.
Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
Pause for Reflection…
Lord, Have mercy.
Lord, have mercy.
Christ, Have mercy.
Christ, have mercy.
Lord, Have mercy.
Lord, have mercy.
Psalm 8
The Glory of the Lord in Creation
To the Chief Musician. On the instrument of Gath. A Psalm of David.
O Lord, our Lord,
How excellent is Your name in all the earth,
Who have set Your glory above the heavens!
Out of the mouth of babes and nursing infants
You have ordained strength,
Because of Your enemies,
That You may silence the enemy and the avenger.
When I consider Your heavens, the work of Your fingers,
The moon and the stars, which You have ordained,
What is man that You are mindful of him,
And the son of man that You visit him?
For You have made him a little lower than the angels,
And You have crowned him with glory and honor.
You have made him to have dominion over the works of Your hands;
You have put all things under his feet,
All sheep and oxen—
Even the beasts of the field,
The birds of the air,
And the fish of the sea
That pass through the paths of the seas.
O Lord, our Lord,
How excellent is Your name in all the earth!
Glory be to the Father and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen
(A time of worship and thanksgiving, led or spontaneous. Alternatively a devotional song may be played and listened to.)
Acts 26:1-11
Paul's Defence Before Agrippa
So Agrippa said to Paul, "You have permission to speak for yourself." Then Paul stretched out his hand and made his defence:
"I consider myself fortunate that it is before you, King Agrippa, I am going to make my defence today against all the accusations of the Jews, especially because you are familiar with all the customs and controversies of the Jews. Therefore I beg you to listen to me patiently.
"My manner of life from my youth, spent from the beginning among my own nation and in Jerusalem, is known by all the Jews. They have known for a long time, if they are willing to testify, that according to the strictest party of our religion I have lived as a Pharisee. And now I stand here on trial because of my hope in the promise made by God to our fathers, to which our twelve tribes hope to attain, as they earnestly worship night and day. And for this hope I am accused by Jews, O king! Why is it thought incredible by any of you that God raises the dead?
"I myself was convinced that I ought to do many things in opposing the name of Jesus of Nazareth. And I did so in Jerusalem. I not only locked up many of the saints in prison after receiving authority from the chief priests, but when they were put to death I cast my vote against them. And I punished them often in all the synagogues and tried to make them blaspheme, and in raging fury against them I persecuted them even to foreign cities.
The Word of the Lord.
Thanks be to God.
Pause for Reflection…
Into your hands, Lord, I commend my spirit.
Into your hands, Lord, I commend my spirit.
You have redeemed us, Lord God of truth.
I commend my spirit.
Glory be to the Father and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit.
Into your hands, Lord, I commend my spirit.
SONG OF SIMEON (Nunc Dimitis)
Protect us, Lord, as we stay awake;
Watch over us as we sleep,
That awake, we may keep watch with Christ,
And asleep, may rest in his peace.
Luke 2:29-32
Lord, now let your servant depart in peace,
your word has been fulfilled:
My own eyes have seen the salvation,
which you have prepared in the sight of all people.
A light to reveal you to the nations,
and the glory of your people, Israel.
Glory be to the Father and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen
Protect us, Lord, as we stay awake;
Watch over us as we sleep,
That awake, we may keep watch with Christ,
And asleep, may rest in his peace.
(You might like to spend a few moments thanking God for the day or bringing to him any outstanding issues.)
(Either this or an alternative closing prayer may be said.)
Be present, O God,
And protect us through the silent hours of this night,
So that we who are wearied by the changes and chances of this fleeting world,
May rest upon your eternal changelessness.
We ask this through Jesus Christ, your son our Lord,
Who is alive and reigns with you,
In the unity of the Spirit,
One God, now and forever, Amen
(When praying in community, this or a similar blessing may be used)
May the all-powerful Lord grant us a restful night and a peaceful end. Amen
Psalms taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Other Scripture taken from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.


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UNT Libraries Government Documents Department - 1 Matching Results
Search Results
- Newsmap. For the Armed Forces. 241st week of the war, 123rd week of U.S. participation
- Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Eastern front; Italy; air war; Southeast Asia; Pacific. Maps: Communications centers hit in the Balkans; Crimea. Includes 7 photographs. Back: Smoke. Description of 4 ways to produce smoke for combat purposes. 1 illustration. 9 photographs.


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Contact us
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Treatment of benign pigmented lesions, mild to moderate facial wrinkles, skin tightening and fractional CO2 laser skin resurfacing can all provide a consistent client base and provide a high return on investment.
NOI offers a selection of Nd:YAG, Radio Frequency (RF) devices, IPL and Fractional CO2 laser systems that can dramatically expand the services of any emerging or established aesthetic practice. These devices can provide outstanding clinical results to patients with a minimal "down" time, allowing them to have noninvasive procedures done in a short period time, giving them the desired results quicker.
While in many cases patients can see improvements in skin tone, pigment change and the reduction of the appearance of wrinkles in as little as one treatment, laser skin procedures lend themselves well to any practice as a repeat service, creating additional reoccurring revenue streams.


text:
Evening, Internet!
So what's up this week? Well, I'm wrapping my head around prism therapy, getting my Irish on for Varsity, and trying to stop my dissertation from crumbling around my ears. I am also highly aware that the structure for this whole blog has gone a little out of the window. Bear with, I'm doing my best.
I'm also trying to get my head around philosophy, which is no mean feat. Fun fact about me – I don't do abstract. Like, at all. And translating the abstract into the concrete is even worse. I remember having a huge row with my mum over the right approach to the theoretical foundations to clinical case formulation because I simply could not comprehend what she was on about. And now I've decided to write an essay about epistemology (also known as the theory of knowledge) in qualitative research, and I'm wondering if I've officially lost it for good.
Though occasionally I manage to surprise even myself, 'cause I wound up with a merit for the formulation essay. Who'da thunk it?
It's a bit like a lot of academic stuff, I think – a little bit harder for me, because my brain simply doesn't urn that way. Most of the time, though, trying to grasp philosophy is more like putting diesel in a petrol engine – *cough cough* and it's dead. And I genuinely not sure why. Way back in undergrad, I just kind of accepted it (and took Dutch instead of a philosophy module because f*ck you). Can't get away from it now, though. I deal in the concrete, the stuff I can measure, and analyse and then apply to previous knowledge, never mind the theory.
It might be a global picture thing. It's a fairly well known facet of autism that we focus on the details first and the big picture second. Or maybe it's just the fact I think along 'tramlines' according to my mum, which I think is a bit unfair, but not untrue. Anyway the long and short of it is, I might have screwed myself over with this one. Oh well. Just make it sound good, mm?
On the other side, my organisational, people/social and general 'cool' are in the process of being pushed to the limits by my dissertation project. It's just me – big contrast to last time. Which is simultaneously better and worse, I think. Yes, it's more stressful, but ultimately, my really independent and narcissistic side would far rather be solely in charge. And here's where I think the dyspraxia kicks in again – or rather, my coping mechanisms do. I have my own way of organising and my own ways of doing things (also known as three calendars, a spreadsheet and a decent mobile data connection). I don't know why, but letting someone else into that tightly-run ship just puts my back up. It was a big problem back in undergrad – my partner had all the ideas and I felt like I was being swept along for the ride, and I had no idea at all what I was doing. It's all so different now. I don't know what happened in the two years between undergrad and postgrad, but I grew a backbone, that's for damn sure.
Not helped by the tech that record the data screwing me around royally the other day and not actually recording anything, so I now have virtually nothing to work with. Joy of all joys. And I have to deal with people. Wow. It's so awkward. But I do have a script. A literal script.
Anyway, as I said, dear audience, please bear with me while I sort out the whirlwind that is currently my life. I want to expend a bit more on small details vs big picture vision, and I'll keep you updated on the dissertation research (without going into too much detail, obviously). It's just all a bit much to juggle.
Have a good week, and stay awesome


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1-25-1 Official meetings open to the public--Exceptions--Teleconferences--Violation as misdemeanor.
1-25-1.1 Notice of meetings of public bodies other than the state and its boards, commissions, and departments--Violation as misdemeanor.
1-25-1.2 Teleconference defined .
1-25-1.3 Notice of meetings of the state and its boards, commissions, and departments_Violation as misdemeanor.
1-25-1.4 Information to be posted on state website.
1-25-2 Executive or closed meetings--Purposes--Authorization--Violation as misdemeanor.
1-25-3 Boards and commissions to keep minutes of proceedings--Availability to public--Violation as misdemeanor.
1-25-4 Repealed.
1-25-5 Repealed.
1-25-6 Duty of state's attorney on receipt of complaint alleging chapter violation.
1-25-6.1 Duty of state's attorney on receipt of complaint alleging violation by board of county commissioners.
1-25-7 Consideration by commission of complaint or written submissions alleging chapter violation--Findings--Public censure.
1-25-8 Open Meeting Commission--Appointment of members--Chair.
1-25-9 Limitations on participation by commission members.
1-25-10 State Investment Council may discuss certain matters in executive session.
1-25-11 Recording of open public meeting to be permitted.
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Thursday, June 30, 2016
Wednesday, June 29, 2016
Pie, Chocolate
Tuesday, June 28, 2016
Sea Salt and Poppy Seed Bagels
Monday, June 27, 2016
Double Scoop - Grape Float (by Shawna Lemay)
Chorizo Bolognese Pasta with Sourdough Pangrattato + Burrata.
Sunday, June 26, 2016
Frozen Strawberry Cheesecake
Herbed Wild Rice & Toasted Pecan Stuffed Portobellos (via http
Saturday, June 25, 2016
Chicken, Apple, Bacon Kale Salad
Friday, June 24, 2016
KFC Oven Baked Fried Chicken Tenders
Lime and Coconut Cream Tart (via http
Thursday, June 23, 2016
Pumpkin spice bread pudding
Shaking Beef Vietnamese Stir Fry
Wednesday, June 22, 2016
Bok Choy and Shiitake Noodle Soup
Tuesday, June 21, 2016
BLT with Guacamole on Sweet Potato Rolls
Monday, June 20, 2016
Loaded garlic mashed potato casserole
Sunday, June 19, 2016
Gemelli with Gorgonzola Grapes and Pancetta
Shrimp and Grilled Corn Chilaquiles Recipe
Saturday, June 18, 2016
Pimento Cheese Burgers
Japanese Fideua
Friday, June 17, 2016
Shrimp, Asparagus and Zucchini Orzo Salad
Thursday, June 16, 2016
Yogurt Doughnut Holes
Wednesday, June 15, 2016
Panfried Burgers Stuffed with Blue Cheese
Tuesday, June 14, 2016
Chicken Tacos
English Toffee Bark
Monday, June 13, 2016
Cinnamon Toast Crunch Bundt Cake
Sunday, June 12, 2016
Beef Satay
Saturday, June 11, 2016
Hearty Whole Grain Basil Bread
Jerk-Spiced Chicken with Rice & Beans
Thursday, June 9, 2016
Delicious Chocolate Eclairs
Potato Quiche
Tuesday, June 7, 2016
Untitled on We Heart It http
Monday, June 6, 2016
Sweet n Sour Orange Chicken
Sunday, June 5, 2016
Blueberry Cinnamon Roll Cake
Hot Fudge Stuffed Chocolate Chip Cookies
Saturday, June 4, 2016
Buffalo Chicken + Blue Cheese Guacamole and Crunchy Baked Onion Ring Salad.
Friday, June 3, 2016
Homemade Cookies N Cream Milkshake by Brent Hofacker
Chocolate whoopie pies with peanut butter frosting
Thursday, June 2, 2016
Heart Food
sweet & spicy paleo chicken fingers
Wednesday, June 1, 2016
Lemon Arugula Rigatoni
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Chaukori is a dream, surrounded by the towering Himalayan peaks and dense forests. At a height of 2,010 m, and 173 km away from Nainital, Chaukori is not just another hill station. It's for the very few, who want to be there, in the majestic proximity of the Himalayas for an unbound view of the Nanda Devi and Panchchuli peaks.
Chaukori is a dream, surrounded by the towering Himalayan peaks and dense forests. At a height of 2,010 m, and 173 km away from Nainital, Chaukori is not just another hill station. It's for the very few, who want to be there, in the majestic proximity of the Himalayas for an unbound view of the Nanda Devi and Panchchuli peaks.
Chaukori is one of the few places in Kumaon, where you will find tea gardens. As the name suggests, it's like a bowl, cupped within the Himalayan heartland. It is an idyllic holiday resort amidst unspoilt nature - a land bestowed with natural abundance, fruit orchards, and the forests of Pines, Oaks and Rhododendrons.
One of the most magnificent aspects of holidaying in Chaukori is the fabulous sunrise and sunset that you are treated to. The night sky is studded with a million stars that simply take your breath away. The charming little town of Chaukori is unlike any other hill station you have seen. Chaukori is a somnolent, peaceful hamlet in Pithoragarh district of the Kumaon Hills of Uttarakhand.
City Facts
State: Uttarakhand
District: Pithoragarh
Famous for/as: Temples
Languages: Hindi Best
Best Season: Mar - Jun, Sep - Nov
Weather: Summer 20 to 25°C,
Winter: 2 to 15°C
Altitude: 2010 m
Pincode: 262531
STD code: 05964
Will be updated Soon
Best Season / Best Time to Visit Chaukori
Summers in Chaukori are moderate, and the maximum temperature during the summer months will be around twenty five degrees (25°C). The minimum temperature during the summer months will be around seventeen degrees (17°C). This is a good time to visit the place, given the pleasant weather that will be ideal for sightseeing purposes. The months of April, May and June are the summer months.
Winters in Chaukori are cold, with a maximum temperature of around ten degrees (10°C) and a minimum temperature of around two degrees (2°C). The months of October, November, December, January and February are the winter months in Chaukori. You should carry heavy winter clothing during this time due to the reduced temperatures.
The monsoon season brings heavy rainfall, during the months of July, August and September. This is not an ideal time to visit the place.
Berinag is a small hamlet situated at an elevation of 1,740mts at a distance of 10kms from Chaukori. The town of Berinag faces the massive snow capped peaks of the mighty Himalayas. Berinag was previously known as Bedinag and this place is famous for snake temples. Tea gardens of Berinag yield hight quality tea. The outskirts of Berinag are covered with thick forests with plenty of vegetation and water streams. Berinag is rich in varied flora and fauna.
Dharamghar is situated 9km from Chaukori. The disciple of Gandhi, Sarla Behn spent her last days at Dharamghar. Splendid views of the stimulating Himalayas are distinctly visible from her Himdarshan Kutir.
|By Flight
The nearest airport to Chaukori is Pantnagar Airport. Pantnagar Airport is situated 205kms from Chaukori. Taxis are available to Chaukori, Almora and Bageshwar from Pant Nagar Airport. Chaukori is well connected by motorable roads with major destinations of Uttarakhand.
|By Train
Kathgodam is the nearest railway station to Chaukori situated at a distance of 180kms. Kathgodam is well connected with major destinations of India like Lucknow, Delhi and Kolkata. Trains are frequent to Kathgodam as it is the gateway of Kumaon region. Buses and Taxis are easily available to Chaukori from Kathgodam railway station.
|By Road
Chaukori is well connected by motorable roads with major cities of northern India. Buses to Kathgodam and Almora are available from ISBT Anand Vihar, Delhi. Taxis and buses to Almora are easily available from major destinations of Kumaon region like Almora, Pithoragarh, Bageshwar, Kausani, Didihat etc.
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Jaden Smith has returned with a follow-up to 2017's SYRE, the aptly titled SYRE: The Electric Album. The 20-year-old revealed the project via Instagram on Sunday night (July 8) — his birthday — in a series of videos.
The cover art features two photos — one of a white fence and a "trail" sign and one with what looks like Smith's foot stepping on top of several guitar pedals, which presumably represent the "electric" element of the project.
SYRE: The Electric Album
Each of the five clips features a reworking of some of the songs found on SYRE, including "ICON?," "Lost Boy," "Ninety," "Fallen" and "B."
Listen to them below.
Lost Boy ELECTRIC
"Young Love Dies Young" FALLEN ELECTRIC.
I Am Not An ICON? ELECTRIC


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On Saturday, June 28th, 2014 we present the 6th annual Get The Ball Rolling concert.
Get The Ball Rolling aims to promote Testicular Cancer awareness in the Sarnia-Lambton community to young males, who are most affected by this disease. Get The Ball Rolling hopes to encourage young males to think and talk about something they otherwise may not have.
This event is helping to raise local dollars to be spent locally, to enhance the Keep The Ball Rolling Campaign available at www.keeptheballrolling.ca!
Don't forget to head over to www.keeptheballrolling.ca to read and support the Keep The Ball Rolling Awareness Campaign all of which is made possible through the generosity of our amazing supporters!


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Wholesale orders, please note:
Order quantity ≥ 6 pieces, get 20% off .
Vault (Gimmick and Online Instructions) by Leo Smetsers
Leo Smetsers has done it again!
Leo's Vault is a precision made, up to date version of Jack Lippincott's classic Lippincott box. This beautifully engineered aluminum box has a really nice weight to it. It is strong, sturdy and the best part is it can be handled by the spectator with no chance of them finding its clever secret.
For you table hoppers out there, the Vault can be reset in front of your spectators (so no more hiding in a corner to reset).
The Vault comes with everything you need to perform it and an instructional streaming video.
Most of our products are 40% - 70% off. Please register first and log in to get your membership price!
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