text:
- Research article
- Open Access
Effect of climate change on phytochemical diversity, total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.
- Sandeep Kumar1,
- Amita Yadav1,
- Manila Yadav1 and
- Jaya Parkash Yadav1Email authorView ORCID ID profile
© The Author(s) 2017
- Received: 30 July 2015
- Accepted: 13 January 2017
- Published: 25 January 2017
The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of climate change on phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts of Aloe vera collected from different climatic zones of the India.
Crude methanolic extracts of A. vera from the different states of India were screened for presence of various phytochemicals, total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content was tested by Folin–Ciocalteau reagent based assay whilst DPPH free radical scavenging assay, metal chelating assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, reducing power assay and β carotene-linoleic assay were used to assess the antioxidant potential of A. vera methanolic leaf extracts.
Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenes were the main phytochemicals presents in all accessions. A significant positive correlation was found between TPC and antioxidant activity of different accessions. Extracts of highland and semi-arid zones possessed maximum antioxidant potential. Accessions from tropical zones showed the least antioxidant activity in all assays.
It could be concluded that different agro-climatic conditions have effects on the phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential of the A. vera plant. The results reveal that A. vera can be a potential source of novel natural antioxidant compounds.
- Antioxidant
- Aloe vera
- Agro-climatic zones
- Phytochemicals
- Methanol
- Total phenolic content (TPC)
Climate change is causing noticeable effects on the life cycle, distribution and phyto-chemical composition of the world's vegetation, including medicinal and aromatic plants. The changing temperatures and wind patterns associated with climate change are affecting precipitation and thereby plant architecture, flowering, fruiting, phyto-chemical composition and in situ competition with other species. India's climate is largely controlled by an annual monsoon, appears to be experiencing increasingly severe and erratic precipitation. Therefore, there is a need to understand the effect of higher temperature, various precipitation levels and different soil moisture and fertility, by growing them under such climates and determine how variation in temperature, moisture and edaphic factors might affect the plants' phenology, nutrient, antioxidant and secondary metabolites levels.
Antioxidative action is one of the prime physiological functions that protect living organisms from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive oxygen species is a term used to describe a number of reactive molecules and free radicals derived from molecular oxygen. During daily activities and with advanced age, oxidative substances and free radicals accumulate in cells affecting various organs and systems in our body. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are free radicals that are common outcome of normal aerobic cellular metabolic processes [1, 2]. Unbarred generation of these free radicals leads to attack on various biomolecules, cellular machinery, cell membrane, lipids, proteins, enzymes and DNA causing oxidative stress and ultimately cell death [3]. Overproduction of free radicals can lead to many chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, post-ischemic perfusion injury, cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, chronic inflammation, stroke and septic shock, aging and other degenerative diseases in humans [4, 5]. Human body has an intrinsic system of various enzymes and nutrients to protect from these free radicals. Some extrinsic nutrients are required by many people who are subjected to higher production of free radicals due to stress or physical activities. Micronutrients like vitamin E, β carotene, and vitamin C are the major antioxidants which could be provided in the daily diet as our body cannot produce these nutrients [6]. Protection against free radicals can also be enhanced by taking sufficient amounts of exogenous antioxidants [7].
Antioxidants are used to counterbalance the effect of free radicals. An antioxidant is a stable molecule which donates an electron to a charged free radical and terminates the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged. Free radical scavenging property of antioxidants delays or inhibits cellular damage [8]. Antioxidants are in great demand as they help in reducing ageing signs. Previously many plants have been screened for their antioxidant potential. Thus, there is growing interest in replacing synthetic antioxidants because of the concern over the possible carcinogenic effects of these in foods with natural ingredients [9]. Primary sources of naturally occurring antioxidants for humans are fruits, vegetables and spices. Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of free radical scavenging molecules such as phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, proanthocyanidins, quinones, coumarins, tannins etc.), nitrogen compounds (alkaloids, amines, betalains etc.), vitamins, terpenoids, carotenoids and other secondary metabolites which are reported to have antioxidant activity [10–13]. Efforts have been made to search for novel natural antioxidants from tea, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices. Herbs are on focus of whole world as a source of novel antioxidants compounds due to their safety as compared to synthetic antioxidants.
Aloe vera (syn.: Aloe barbadensis Miller) belongs to the Xanthorrhoeaceae family and is a perennial succulent plant [14]. Out of more than 400 species, only a few species of Aloe have been considered for commercial importance. A. vera being the most potent and, thereby, the most popular plant in the research as well as marketing field [15]. A. vera is a rich source of over 200 naturally occurring nutrients which are water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, minerals, enzymes, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds and organic acids [16]. Its secondary metabolites have multiple properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, immune boosting, anticancer, anti-ageing, sunburn relief and antidiabetic potentials [17–19]. Several traditional uses also have been reported such as for burn injury, eczema, cosmetics, inflammation, fever etc. [20]. This present study focuses on comparative phytochemical analysis, total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts of A. vera from 6 different agro-climatic zones of India. India is a home to an extraordinary variety of climatic regions, ranging from tropical in the south to temperate and alpine in the Himalayan north, where elevated regions receive sustained winter snowfall. These vast climatic variations may cause a difference in the phytoconstituents of the plant species. This study is the first attempt to evaluate antioxidant potential of different A. vera accessions from different agro-climatic zones of India.
Collection of plant material
Showing plant collection sites along with their average temperature and rainfall
Agro-climatic zones
Place of collection
Average temp. (°C).
Average rainfall (mm).
Jammu and Kashmir (J&K)
Himachal Pradesh (H.P.)
Humid Subtropical
Uttar Pradesh (U.P.)
Madhya Pradesh (MP)
Tropical wet and dry
West Bengal (W.B.)
Tropical wet
Chemicals and reagents used are Gallic acid, Folin- Ciocalteu reagent, 2,2 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), Hydrogen peroxide, Methanol, FeCl3, FeCl2, Phosphate buffer, Ferrozine, Potassium ferricyanide, β carotene, linoleic acid, Tween 80, Chloroform of Sigma-Aldrich (USA) and Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. India. All solvents used were of analytical grade.
Preparation of extracts
The leaves of the selected plants were collected and washed under running tap water to remove dust and dirt. The washed leaves were cut into small pieces and air dried for few days. Dried leaves were crushed into coarse powder with wiley mill and stored in polythene bags for further use. The methanolic extracts were prepared by cold percolation method. The solution and residue were separated by a centrifuge at a rolling speed of 4000 rpm. A reddish brown colloid containing Aloe extract was obtained. Chloroform and sulphuric acid were used to remove the chloroform extractive [21]. After the chloroform evaporation, a yellowish-brown colloid was obtained as crude extract. Stock solution was prepared by dissolving in methanol.
Phytochemical screening of A. vera extracts
Phytochemical constituents of A. vera can be classified into nine categories: anthraquinones, inorganic compounds, essential and non essential amino acids, fatty acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins, and other miscellaneous compounds [22]. A. vera methanolic extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening for the presence or absence of various phytochemicals. Phytochemicals were tested in methanolic extracts according to standard protocols [23, 24].
Determination of total phenolic content
The total phenolic content of the obtained extracts was spectrometrically analyzed by Folin–Ciocalteu method [25]. Gallic acid was used as standard for TPC estimation [26]. Final volume of 5 ml was made by adding 500 µl of Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, 1.5 ml of 20% Na2CO3 and 2 ml of distilled water to 1 ml (1 mg/ml) of each extract. The mixture was incubated at room temperature for 30–40 min and the absorbance of the developed colour was recorded at 765 nm using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Calibration curve was constituted using various concentrations of gallic acid ranging from 20 to 100 µg/ml. Total phenolic value was obtained from the regression equation: y = 0.056x + 1.454 with R2 = 0.9967 and expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent using the formula, C = cV/M; where C = total content of phenolic compounds in mg/g GAE, c = the concentration of gallic acid established from the calibration curve, V = volume of extract and M = the weight of the extract.
Antioxidant assays
DPPH free radical scavenging assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, reducing power assay, metal chelating assay and β carotene-linoleic assay were used to assess the antioxidant potential of Aloe vera methanolic leaf extracts. Each experiment was done in triplicates and mean values were interpreted to conclude the results.
DPPH [(1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)] free radical scavenging activity
Antioxidant activity of A. vera extracts were measured in terms of hydrogen donating radical scavenging ability using the stable DPPH method of Zhu et al. [27]. The reaction was monitored as a color change from purple to pale yellow. A quantity of 1 ml (1 mg/ml) of Aloe vera extract was added to 2 ml of 0.5 mM DPPH solution in methanol and the reaction mixture was kept in the dark for 45 min. Absorbance was recorded at 517 nm against blank using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard. The radical scavenging activity on DPPH was expressed as,
Hydrogen peroxide scavenging (H2O2) assay
The ability of extracts to scavenge hydrogen peroxide was estimated by following the method of Ruch et al. [28]. The extract was dissolved in a phosphate buffer at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. A quantity of 1 ml of extract was added to 3.4 ml of phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4) followed by 600 µl of 400 mM H2O2. The solution was kept at room temperature for 40 min and absorption was measured at 230 nm. Ascorbic acid was used as control.
The percentage of hydrogen peroxide scavenging was calculated as follows:
Reducing power assay
The reductive potential of the extract was determined according to the method of Oyaizu [29]. Extracts and standard ascorbic acid (1 mg/ml) were mixed with 2.5 ml of phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.6) and 2.5 ml potassium ferricyanide (1% w/v). A quantity of 2.5 ml of chloroacetic acid (10% w/v) was added and the solution was centrifuged for 10 min at 3000 rpm. The upper layer solution of 2.5 ml was separated and mixed with 2.5 ml of distilled water and 0.5 ml of FeCl3 (0.1% w/v). Absorbance was measured at 700 nm. The increase in absorbance of the reaction mixture indicated reducing power of different A. vera accessions.
Metal chelating activity
Antioxidant activity in linoleic acid model system
Statistical analysis
All experiments were performed in triplicates. All values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three separate experiments using the computer programme Excel. Linear correlation between total phenolic content and different antioxidant assays were calculated to establish a relationship between phenol content and its antioxidant potential from different extracts. Correlation was calculated with the help of MS excel programme and SPSS 16.0 version.
Phytochemical screening
Qualitative analyses of the phytochemical components of Aloe vera extracts
Phytochemical analysis
Collection sites
Chemical constituents
Test reagent
Mayer's reagent
White ppt
10% Lead acetate
White ppt
Reducing sugar
Benedict's solution
Reddish brown ppt
Phenolic compounds
Ferric chloride solution
Green colour
Steroids and terpenoids
Acetic anhydride and conc: H2SO4
Pink colour
Benzene FeCl3
Yellow ppt
FeCl3 and 10% lead acetate
White ppt
Saponin glycosides
Distilled water
Frothing take place
Determination of total phenolics
Total phenolic contents of Aloe vera extracts
Accession name
Total phenolic content (mg of GAE/g of extract)
63.2 ± 0.15
Himachal Pradesh
62.3 ± 0.26
58.4 ± 0.35
65.7 ± 0.30
56.9 ± 0.23
54.6 ± 0.41
Uttar Pradesh
55.1 ± 0.15
Madhya Pradesh
52.5 ± 0.28
West Bangal
46.4 ± 0.76
38.9 ± 0.35
53.4 ± 0.24
32.9 ± 0.19
Antioxidant activity
The 12 crude extracts of A. vera were investigated for their antioxidant potential by using different methods and all assays showed the antioxidative potential of the extracts. All extracts showed significant antioxidant activity ranging from 56 to 80% with different climatic conditions showing significant differences on the antioxidant potential of the plant species.
DPPH free radical scavenging activity
Hydrogen peroxide scavenging (H2O2) assay
Reduction potential of methanolic extracts of A. vera in H2O2 assay ranged from 58.54 to 81.10%. Reducing activity of ascorbic acid was 97%. Punjab, Telangana and Himachal Pradesh accessions showed maximum activity. These were followed by Haryana, Rajasthan and West Bengal accessions (Fig. 2b).
Reducing power assay
The data observed on the reducing power of the extracts contribute significantly towards the antioxidant effects. Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana had high absorbance values that indicate their greater reductive potential and electron donor ability for stabilizing free radicals. Other accessions also showed almost similar observations to H2O2 assay. Figure 2c represents activity of all extracts and ascorbic acid with respect to their absorbance values.
Metal chelating activity
In the presence of other chelating agents, the complex formation was disrupted with the result that the red colour of the complex was decreased. Ferrous ions are also commonly found in food systems and considered as prooxidants. Ferrozine form complexes with the ferrous ion, generating a violet color [32]. Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh accessions showed high metal chelating activity. Kerala, Telangana and Goa showed least activity. Control ascorbic acid showed no activity. Activity of all extracts with respect to their absorbance values are represented in Fig. 2d.
Antioxidant activity in linoleic acid model system
Total antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of A. vera were determined using β carotene- linoleic acid model system. Figure 2e shows the reductive potential of A. vera leaf extracts assayed by β carotene-lenoleic acid assay. All extracts showed reductive potential. Antioxidant potential ranged from 59.60 to 74.4%. Maximum activity was observed for Punjab, Jammu, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh accessions and minimum activity was for Goa, Telangana and Kerala.
Correlation analysis
Linear correlation between total phenolic content and different antioxidant assays by using Pearson-correlations method
Reducing power
Metal chelating
Linoleic reduction
Reducing power
Metal chelating
Linoleic reduction
There are numbers of secondary metabolites found in plants which contribute significant biological activities [33]. Plant materials contain numerous types of antioxidants with varied activities [34, 35].
Aloe vera is a perennial succulent xerophyte originated in South Africa, although it is native to dry subtropical and tropical regions [36]. The plant species is are drought resistant and able to tolerate a wide range of climatic situations. Hot humid conditions along with high rainfall are the most suitable [37].
Phytochemical analysis of plants is commercially important being great interest of pharmaceutical industries for the production of new drugs to cure various diseases [38]. Our study showed the presence of various medicinally important phytoconstituents from the different A. vera accessions in good amount, and hence rationalizes the use of this plant species as an herbal remedy. Extracts having high phenolic content also showed good antioxidant activity. Linear correlation analyzed between the total phenolic content and the different antioxidant assays by using Pearson-correlations method showed the significant correlation at 0.01 levels (2-tailed). Previous studies also have concluded that there was a significant linear correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant potential [39, 40].
Our study emphasizes the antioxidant potential of Aloe vera methanolic leaf extracts. Previous studies on A. vera stated that the plant contains substantial amounts of antioxidants including α-tocopherol (vitamin E), carotenoids, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), flavonoids, and tannins [41]. Glutathione peroxidase activity, superoxide dismutase enzymes and a phenolic antioxidant were found to be present in A. vera gel, which may be responsible for these antioxidant effects [42]. Methanolic extract induced the best extraction yield and more complex composition of phenolics [43]. The methanol extracts of A. vera were also screened previously for their in vitro antioxidant activity, and extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity [44]. Potent antioxidative compounds like Aloe barbendol, Aloe emodin, barbaloin A and Aloe chrysone have been isolated from methanolic extracts of A. vera. [45]. Biological activities of A. vera may be due to the synergistic action of these compounds, rather than from a single defined component [46].
Five different methods were employed for determining antioxidant potential of Aloe vera leaf extracts. DPPH radical scavenging method is an extensive procedure to evaluate the free radical scavenging ability of various samples [47]. The effect of antioxidants on DPPH radical scavenging was supposed to be due to their hydrogen- donating ability. Hydrogen peroxide is generally not very reactive, but it can sometimes be toxic to cell because it can give rise to hydroxyl radicals in the cells. Thus, the removal of H2O2 is essential for antioxidant defence in cell or food systems. In general, the reducing properties are associated with the presence of reductones, which have been shown to exert antioxidant action through breaking the free radical chain by donating a hydrogen atom [48, 49]. In the reducing power assay, the presence of reductants in the sample would result in the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by donating an electron [50]. Metal chelating activity is based on chelation of Fe2+ ions in a quantitative manner by the reagent ferrozine, which results to the formation of a complex with Fe2+ ions [51]. So the chelating ability influences other scavenging activities of free radicals which protect the organisms against oxidative damage. Mechanism of β carotene bleaching is a free radical mediated phenomenon resulting from the formation of hydroperoxides from linoleic acid oxidation. The presence of antioxidant extracts can hinder the extent of β carotene bleaching by acting on the linoleate- free radical and other formations of free radicals in the system [52, 53].
India is characterized by strong temperature and rainfall variations along with other different environmental and climatic fluctuations in different seasons [54]. Phytochemical composition of plants is greatly influenced by different agro-climatic conditions. According to previous findings it was suggested that environmental temperature plays a significant role on antioxidant activity evaluation and it is more pronounced in cold weather [55]. Therefore, we collected the plant material in the winter season (Jan–Feb 2013). In the present study we also found that the extracts of highland and semi-arid zones possess maximum antioxidant potential. Accessions from Tropical zones showed least antioxidant activity in all assays. A. vera can grow in almost all types of environmental conditions but there are several factors that can affect the quality and quantity of a particular constituent. Previous studies state that phytochemical composition of plants is influenced by a variety of environmental factors including the geography, climate, soil type, sun exposure, grazing stress, seasonal changes etc. [56–58].
Aloe vera is a cold sensitive plant. During stress more phytochemicals are produced in plants to withstand the adverse conditions. Studies conducted on plants in stress conditions showed higher production of flavonoids, anthocyanins and mucilaginous substances [59]. Our previous finding on antimicrobial activity and quantification of aloe- emodin on the same A. vera extracts also supports the present statement [60].
Report by Sanders [61], describing that an increase in unsaturated fatty acids is generally associated with cooler climates leading to production of antioxidants for a self- defense system against environmental stress, supports our present findings to suggest pronounced effects of environmental temperature on the different A. vera extracts. Lower temperature leads to higher production of phenolics and vice versa [62]. Plants from hilly areas are thought to be more important from nutritional and dietary points of view [63]. A. vera is found to grow in hot humid and high rainfall conditions, so semi- arid conditions having low rainfall are also not favorable for the plant. Although, soil texture and climatic conditions of semi-arid region is normally most suitable for majority of plant crops, Aloe genus however is an exception. In present study, accessions from colder regions showed the good antioxidant activity, supporting the statement that more phytochemicals are produced in plants under stress [64]. Consequently, phytochemical content can vary with growing environmental conditions. From the present work, it could be concluded that agro- climatic locations along with temperature and rainfall have significant effects on the A. vera plant phytoconstituents and its antioxidant potential. However, there is still a need to investigate the effects of soil properties and other related biotic and abiotic factors.
The present study showed that A. vera is a promising source of bioactive phenol which has a good antioxidant activity. The study demonstrated that the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were higher in A. vera plants grown in Northern India in comparison to Southern India. Phytochemical analysis in relation to their activity from different climatic regions can help in selecting places for mass production of this plant species to enhance its pharmaceutical and marketing values. The present work tries to establish a correlation between phytochemicals, TPC and antioxidant activity of A. vera from different agro-climatic zones of India and have found that climatic zones showed significant effect on all these parameters. Our study emphasizes that north Indian climatic conditions are more suitable for the antioxidant potential of A. vera. Good antioxidant properties of the Aloe could be considered for applications in food, medicine and cosmetic industries.
Authors' contributions
SK made major contribution to data collection, experimental work and drafted the manuscript. AY has made significant involvement in the interpretation of data and revising the manuscript. MY participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. JPY conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Financial Assistance from UGC, New Delhi in the form of UGC-SAP Grant (No. F.3-20/2012, SAP II) and UGC-BSR fellowship is gratefully acknowledged.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets supporting the results of this article are included in the article.
Consent to publish
All authors consent to publish the article.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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text:
Catch What You've Been Missing With SiriusBuzz Premium
You are a passionate fan of SiriusXM (NASDAQ:SIRI) and have been scouring the wires for any news relating to the equity. You have been watching as Liberty Media (NASDAQ:LMCA) has been edging closer to de jure control and while doing so, holding the stock price in check. You are looking for information and getting nothing but frustration. Catch what you have been missing. SirisBuzz Premium is a tier of service that delivers additional information, additional analysis, and does in a timely and regular manner.
If you have not yet experienced SiriusBuzz Premium, give it a test drive. Here are some excerpts from yesterday that passionate fans needed to see:
"Another trading day has closed, and once again SiriusXM continues to stay withing a very narrow trading range that is likely getting as frustrating for long-term holders as it is for active traders that have been sitting on the sidelines. A down day on low volume typically does not set up a mountain of worry, but the ever narrowing moving averages are a point of concern. The first and foremost concern is that it is getting quite difficult to know whether we are due for a retracement, or due for a run. While what I say today may not be wildly popular, it needs to be said."
"SIRI is not confirming anything right now, and the technicals are pointing to a harder run to the upside and an easier path to the downside. That is not to say that the longer term outlook on SiriusXM is bad, it is just pointing out the near term. Karmazin speaks Wednesday, so potentially we may get some news that allows this equity to break the narrow range and develop a new one."
"Here is where some people may get frustrated with me, but the numbers are the numbers. I do not make them up. Clearly SIRI is in a narrow range. The equity has been dancing here so long that there is essentially a groove in the floor. What I do not like is that the resistance above is gaining strength and is now stronger than the support below. In addition, the equity is trading closer to strong resistance than it is to strong support. The caution is that there is technical room for a 10 cent slide before we hit meaningful support, and only technical room for a few cents to the upside before hitting meaningful resistance."
"What happens when Liberty stops that support? You can rest assured that the traders, and in particular the shorts, are salivating at entering a position. They get more eager when they see a stronger resistance point above. Bear this in mind. We have seen strong support at $2.40 migrate up to about $2.50, but that now leaves weakness at $2.40. The next stop with any strength below is $2.27. Be cautious."
"There is a lot of money and traders on the sideline. They are waiting for a confirmed point to happen. Longer term we are still bullish, so entry points may present themselves in the coming days. The wild card is Mel Karmazin speaking Wednesday. Pay close attention."
SiriusBuzz is pleased to offer the best of both worlds. Great coverage available to all, and fantastic coverage to those that want more. Join SiriusBuzz Premium today.

subset: commoncrawl


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Celebrities, Government Officials and Big Corporate Personnel always tend to get the attention of the common people and hence are more prone to security issues.
Anticipating the possible security risks, the exclusive protection is rising to the new heights but one basic thing that remained unchanged from the past so many years is the use of crowd control barriers in such VIP PROTECTION ARRANGEMENTS.
This article is about the use and importance of queue barriers in planning and managing the avoidance of any un-pleasurable happening at such place.
What does VIP Protection actually demands?
Assessing the Risk Factors in Advance- Predicting the possible associated risks with flexible on-time intelligence is the very first need of this security industry.
Proactive Planning- The activities planned should be for controlling a situation rather than just responding to it after it has happened.
Risk Avoidance Measures- The resources used and the tools required should be well understood by the security team of these VIP's.
How can Crowd Control Barriers Help in VIP Protection?
The crowd control barriers be it chain posts, belt posts or rope posts helps in mentioning the unsaid boundaries for the audiences and thus keeps the VIP at a safe distance from the excited crowd.
They can provide-
Restricted Accessibility – No one should get the access to visit the VIP on its own because of safety concerns and these barricades are perfect to achieve this aim.
Visual Appeal- The royal and elegant look of these queue barriers on the red carpets gives the prestigious look and feel to the event and thus ensures visually appealing entries of the VIP's.
Public Contact- The structure of these crowd control barriers makes it possible for the audience to see their favourite celebrity from a closer perspective without any hindrance in the vertical view.
Prevention of possible disorder- The crowd often gets excited after seeing their role model/ some celebrity in front of them and could not control their emotion to reach to them in any way. This can create a disorder at the place to which retractable belt posts in the apt solution.
Direction and Control- The organisers or the security persons can lead the audience towards a particular path planned for the VIP passing without any manual force, just by installing the belt barriers in that direction.
Branding Opportunity- The belt posts are an excellent way to do the branding along with managing the crowd. The belts can be imprinted with the specific message, brand name, brand logo or any tag line of the promoter's brand.
This way, one can make sure the VIP's are safe, and the audience is happy all at the same time.
To make your next event one of the most safest and trust worthy event for the VIP's do send your enquiries at firstname.lastname@example.com
For more details and ideas about the installation of such crowd control equipment, you can also call our expert crowd control team at +91-99103 98700.


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Three Reasons Why QE 3 Ain't Coming Anytime Soon
by Phoenix Capital Research
The primary reason the markets have held up since QE 2 ended was because the bulls believe QE 3 is coming soon. I myself believe this is true (that QE 3 is coming) but it's going to take a lot more for it to arrive than most expect.
The three reasons I believe this are:
1) Internal dissent at the Fed
2) Bernanke is now a political PR weapon
3) The UK riots
Regarding #1, during the latest Fed FOMC meeting, three Fed Presidents voted against the policy of extending ZIRP through 2013. This was the most dissenting voters since 1992.
What this tells us is that the days of easy free money from the Fed are over. Remember, this wasn't three dissenting votes against QE 3, this was three dissenting votes against keeping interest rates low.
Understand, these guys would only vote against loose money if they knew it was problematic. And I can assure you, some of them are thinking about what's next career-wise (the next Fed Chairman will have to be more hawkish). If I were a Fed President looking to move up the ladder, I'd certainly be building a track record of voting against more money printing.
So any move to launch QE 3 is going to be met with fierce resistance. Indeed, the only thing that might permit QE 3 to happen would be for a large bank to fail or a full-scale market crash (S&P 500 sub-1000).
The Rest…HERE


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This is topic 4 of the Bloggers Do It Better Challenge! The prompt for this post was "Bloggers Do Trends Better!" So I decided to focus my post on a really huge trend: bright, orange lips!
The two orange shades that I've been loving are Mango by Jordana and Vegas Volt from MAC.
Mango is the shade on the left and it's a really pretty tangerine orange with a gold frost to it. Vegas Volt is on the right and it's a deeper orange shade with a bit of red and pink into it. I would say that it's more orange than a typical coral, but does have some pink in it.
Mango is really easy to wear and it isn't too bright. I love the frost in it, but if you wanted to tone it down, you could apply a clear gloss (or a colored gloss) over the top to make it look less noticeable. This shade is a frost, so it'll accentuate any flakes on your lips, so make sure that they are really smooth and hydrated before applying!
So those are my favorite orange lipsticks! I think that orange lips are going to be a huge trend this summer and these are my favorites although I know that the Maybelline Vivids line has some orange lipsticks too! Let me know what your favorite orange lipstick is and if you're loving or leaving this trend in the comments below!


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The following is the text of my complaint to the BBC over their online piece, Could Khyra Ishaq have been saved? I will be making further complaints about other BBC reportage as I come across it. I urge everyone to do the same.
I am complaining about the way in which the death of Khyra Ishaq is reported on the BBC News website. The BBC has a responsibility to follow the Broadcasting Code on impartial and accurate information in its news reporting. There are some factual inaccuracies in the article, but the main thrust of my complaint is that the article's text and layout severely bias the reader to accept a negative view of home education, and to accept the government's current political agenda, strongly rejected by the other two main parties and many independents, that home education in England should be regulated.
There are two views on Khyra Ishaq's absence from school. The almost exclusive promotion of the government's view, especially at this time, is politically biased. There is also much to say about her time whilst in school and the extent to which she was failed by children's services in that period; a children's services which were found not fit for purpose. Surely that is the story which should have been reported here: that a schoolchild was failed, and that when she was taken away from school this failure continued.
The article repeats several times in highlighted text the government line that Khyra Ishaq was home educated, when in fact she was just taken out of school by her mother. Her home education is reported as fact, when it is actually an interpretation which the government and Birmingham City Council have promulgated. It is inaccurate to say that a child who has never been de-registered from school is home educated. The truth is that she was truant. Just because Birmingham City Council and Ed Balls say she was home educated doesn't make it so.
Social Services were aware of concerns for Khyra expressed by the school several times, well in advance of her being withdrawn in December 2007. That this is not mentioned in the article gives undue emphasis on her time out of school which is politically expedient for the government's proposed plan to regulate home education.
The BBC journalist researching this story was certainly aware of these facts but has chosen to ignore them. The effect is that the way the story is reported ties Khyra Ishaq to the current Children Schools and Families Bill going through Parliament in a way that is beneficial to the government, just at a crucial time when it is about to enter debate in the House of Lords.
The erroneous idea that Khyra was home educated gives the journalist an excuse to give copious space to the views of the ex-chairman of several government reviews, Graham Badman. The amount of text given to what Mr Badman says , including the pull quote on the top right hand side of the article, is disproportionate. Whilst the government maintain that Mr Badman's views are accurate, there has been enormous controversy over the issue which should not and must not be ignored in a balanced article. That these views have been given space without a similar space being given to those many home educators and Members of Parliament who have repeatedly contested them, gives the article a political bias.
As an example, take this quote:
"He said while the number of serious cases involving people who were home educated was "very very small" studies also showed you were twice as likely to be the subject of a child protection plan if you were electively home educated than if you were part of the general population."
"Studies" do not show this at all. Mr Badman conducted a survey of Local Authorities which produced a small, self selected set of replies, some of which showed a high proportion of home educated children on CPPs. The conclusion he drew from this, which is unquestioningly repeated in the article, has been discredited by many people including most recently by Graham Stuart MP in the CSF Select Committee enquiry into the Badman Review, and in debate over the CSF Bill in the House. Statisticians have trounced Mr Badman's misuse of figures, and the canvassing of a much larger set of Local Authorities through Freedom of Information Act requests has revealed that home educated children are actually far less likely to be at risk of abuse. Again, the BBC should be well aware of the volume of evidence against Mr Badman's figures, but has chosen to ignore it.
It could be argued that the BBC is merely reporting the controversial views of Mr Badman, however, the disproportionate amount of space given to these views without any counter argument lends a political bias to the piece in favour of the government's regulation agenda, and the very controversy over his views makes it essential that a balanced piece would either provide equal weight to opposing views, or omit Mr Badman's views altogether.
Oh a personal note, I find it sickeningly predictable that the government is once again using the death of a child to further its political agenda. However, I find it incredible that the BBC uncritically supports them in this political aim through articles like this one and the similar inaccurate and biased reportage I hear today through other media.


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The Blacktail 2500
This rear rack Saddle Pack is more than a set of panniers and a rear rack pack. Made of Waterproof Nylon in your choice of available camo patterns. Sewn with 100% polyester strong durable thread. Resistant to abrasion, wear, and mildew. All zippers are size 5 YYK, the side panniers have 24 inch zippers and the top rack pack has a 36 inch zipper. All have double pulls, which allow easier loading and positioning. As always, the cord pulls are tied in our unique knot. All zippers are covered with a storm seam, covering the zipper. The side panniers are 14 inches long, 15 inches deep, and 4 inches wide, with an angled front side to eliminate kicking , each side is secured to the bike with three hook and loop straps. A 1 inch Nylon web compression strap cinches the load tightly to the bike. We don't want those front and rear quarters shifting around as we're riding over water bars and whatever else is on the logging road. The top rack pack is 5 inches high, 10 inches wide and 15 inches long, with crisscrossed 1/2 Nylon web compression straps, each one with side release buckles. After you fill the top rack packs 750 cu.inches of storage, and have it all zipped tight, those crisscross web straps will secure the head and hide. And just in case he's above average, we include a extension web strap with a side release buckle. After all the work that goes into taking an archery buck, we don't want that head to go bouncing down off the roadside!


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I was quite pessimistic when I started to hear that the major supermarkets were now offering banking services. I didn't like the idea of these huge conglomerate companies taking over more areas of business, but I found out that Tesco Bank offered some really competitive rates when it came to Cash ISAs.
Most people in this country aren't fans of banks anyway, so in the end I figured it was actually the lesser of two evils to put my savings into a supermarket that now offered banking services.
I opted for a fixed term ISA which meant I got the same great rate for the period I was investing in, which really worked for me as it was during a time where the interest rates were all over the place. I managed to open the account online so it was really easy to arrange, and I got all the necessary paperwork through within a few days.
When it came to summarising my annual interest and keeping an eye on the money I found the service was rather handy, and whenever I spoke to someone on the phone they were very helpful and I was able to get through to them quickly.
lauragabrielle recommends Tesco Bank


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duross & langel
buttercream soap
as our decadent butter cream soap cures, it develops a warm coco tan due to the rich Madagascar vanilla beans brewed into the base while the bourbon vanilla extract we use adds to the aroma a splash of buttercream frosting. the perfect bar for vanilla lovers. contains: sodium cocoate (coconut oil), olea (olive) europaea fruit oil, carthamus tinctorius (safflower seed oil), vegetable glycerin, propylene glycol, water, sorbitol, sorbitan oleate, glycine soja (soy protein), butyrospermum parkii (shea butter)


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You may have seen the first five of David Pogue's "Top Ten Tips of All Time" in last week's post--here are the remaining five tips from him. And remember, if you can think of any other tips to add, leave a comment and I'll send you a copy of his new book, David Pogue's Digital Photography: The Missing Manual.
Without further ado... tips #6-10:
6. Turn off the flash whenever you can.
Unfortunately, the typical compact camera tries to use its flash way too often. "If in doubt, flash," seems to be its motto. But flash photography is usually harsh, bright, and unsubtle. The flash makes your subjects look bleached-out and nuclear, and simultaneously creates the "cave effect" behind them (the room turns pitch dark). You can get much more beautiful, realistic, nuanced photos by turning of the flash. On a pocket camera, you generally press the lightning-bolt button and then scroll to Flash Off.
The problem now is that you'll get blur if the camera isn't perfectly steady. So hold your breath and keep your elbows tight against your rib cage. Better yet, prop your arms or the camera on a table, door frame, tree, car roof, fence post, whatever's nearby and not moving. Boost the ISO, too.
Above all, turn the darned thing off when you're in the audience--for a play, a
concert, a sports match, whatever. A typical digital camera's flash has a range
of about eight feet. In other words, using it at the school play does nothing but
fluster the performers.
7. Turn on the flash for sunny outdoor portraits.
It might not occur to you to use the flash when you're taking pictures of people on a bright, sunny day. It certainly doesn't occur to the camera. Problem is, the camera "reads" the scene and concludes that there's tons of sunlight. But it's not smart enough to recognize that the face you're photographing is in shadow. You wind up with a dark, silhouetted face. The solution is to force the flash on--a common photographer's trick. The flash can provide just enough fill light to brighten your subject's face. It eliminates the silhouette effect. Better yet, it provides very flattering front light. It softens smile lines and wrinkles, and puts a nice twinkle in the subject's eyes.
8. No tripod? Improvise.
Another chronic problem with pocket cams is getting blur when you don't want it--which is just about anytime you're indoors without the flash. Yeah, yeah, we know: "Use a tripod." But come on: For the average person on vacation or at a school event, buying, hauling around, and setting up a tripod is a preposterous burden. So look around for something solid. Often, there's a wall, parked car, bureau, tree, pillar, door frame, or some other big, stationary object you can use to prop up either the camera or your arms.
But here's the best part: It turns out that the threads at the top of just about any lamp--the place where the lampshade screws on--are precisely the same diameter as a tripod mount! In a pinch, you can whip off the lampshade, screw on the camera (just a couple of turns--don't force it), and presto: You've got a rock-steady indoor tripod. It looks nutty, but it works.
9. Use the self-timer when sharpness counts.
Most people think of the self-timer as a feature for group photos. But using the self-timer has another huge advantage: It lets you fire the shutter without touching the camera. In low light, at slow shutter speeds, even the act of pushing the shutter button is enough to jiggle the camera--and that guarantees you'll get a blurry shot.
10. Exploit the magic hour.
The hour after sunrise, and the hour before sunset, are the magic hour or the golden hour. You get what photographers call "sweet light"--a golden glow that makes everybody and everything look peaceful and beautiful, with no harsh shadows or severe highlights. Very sweet indeed.
That concludes David's Top Ten Tips of All Time, but to read more about how to take better pictures, check out David's book.
For more information, see the press release or the catalog page.


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Here's what our previous graduates are saying about their front-line experience in research, investment banking, trading and sales.
Our graduate recruitment programme for this year is now open.
(Left-to-right below) Robert Johnson, Jamil Miah, Ciaran Donnelly and Carole Madjo.
What was the recruitment process like?
"It was clear to me from the outset that Liberum has a very clear view of what it is looking for. This is a product of the flat organisational structure of the firm. I felt it has a very clear understanding of what kind of candidates are going to be successful in the company, which is reflected in how many graduates have gone on to be an important part of the company." - Ciaran
"I really enjoyed the recruitment process because it took place in a positive and non-stressful environment which made me feel at ease during the interviews." – Carole
Describe the business
"At Liberum, there is a great togetherness about the firm. I believe this comes from being a 100% employee owned business. There is a personal feel to it and you can see it in how much people care about the success of the firm." – Ciaran
"The work is challenging and the standards are extremely high. I feel like I am learning to work to a high standard and great level of attention to detail." – Robert
"People are also really nice to each other and most importantly know each other. It is really pleasant to work in a place where everybody knows your name." - Carole
Does the rotation experience work?
"Rotating into four departments really gave me a better understanding of the equity market. Graduates gain a lot of experience, more than what would be achievable in a larger company, so you can discover which position suits us the most." - Carole
"Other banks' graduates get a textbook awareness of these things through the CFA curriculum. At Liberum, graduates learn the job and its pressures for themselves. And also have the pleasure of the CFA exams!" - Robert
"Another great thing is how it supports you when taking your exams, either CISI or CFA. You are given a huge amount of support, from study leave to supporting materials, giving you the best chance to gain these qualifications." - Ciaran
What are you currently doing?
"I'm in Investment Banking which has been fantastic. You are supporting multiple projects, giving you exposure to exciting projects from day one. Most recently, I have worked on a project advising a client on their options on how to raise capital in order to make a possible acquisition." – Ciaran
"I'm assisting in the preparation of a research report on the housebuilding sector, working with financial models and using the data to present emerging themes and trends in the industry. With a General Election approaching, it also involves looking at political research and polling data to present." - Robert
"I'm currently supporting with a key publication for the Small & Mid-Cap Sales team, which involves publishing our thoughts on select emerging companies. This involves meeting with a diverse range of company management to understand their business model and key themes affecting their industry sector, whilst identifying unique investment ideas for the companies." – Jamil
"I am currently working in the Trading desk. My current tasks include updating and optimizing spreadsheets for the Small & Mid Cap trading team and calling clients to update them on the company's recent achievements." - Carole
And your best bits so far?
"The one that really stands out was the day the potential merger between Glencore and Rio Tinto broke. I was working in the mining research team and within seconds everything was turned up a notch. The phones were buzzing, everyone wanted to know what was going on. It just typifies for me what working in this industry is about, everything can change in a second and you have to be ready for anything because everything can change on any given day." – Ciaran
"Working on an IPO in Investment Banking. It was really interesting to see the process from end to end and learn the different pressures and stresses along the way – most of which are different to what a textbook will teach you." - Robert
"When I worked on a value-add piece of research on the currently topical Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) market whilst working with the Oil & Gas team. It supported the Analysts on the team to understand the future growth of the LNG market given the volatile macroeconomic conditions." - Jamil
"I was the first graduate to host the Sales morning meeting - a really good experience." - Carole
Where are they now?
Ciaran joined the Media Equity Research team permanently.
Jamil and Robert both joined the Investment Banking division permanently.
Carole joined the Consumer Equity Research team, and subsequently has pursued opportunities elsewhere.
Follow or Contact Liberum
+44 (0)20 3100 2000
Twitter: @LiberumToday
LinkedIn: Liberum


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David Lynch Foundation Announces Change Begins Within 2015 Benefit Concert
The David Lynch Foundation (DLF) officially announced its annual "Change Begins Within 2015" benefit concert presented by Citi, which will be held at Carnegie Hall on November 4th. DLF will also celebrate the 10th anniversary of its work teaching Transcendental Meditation (TM) to at-risk populations worldwide.
The evening will feature performances by meditators Katy Perry, Sting, Jerry Seinfeld, Jim James, UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Angélique Kidjo, and Grammy-Award winning classical guitarist Sharon Isbin. The concert will be hosted by long-time meditators ABC's George Stephanopoulos and David Lynch.
All proceeds from the event will go towards DLF's MEDITATE NEW YORK Initiative, whose mission is to teach the evidence-based, stress-reducing TM technique to 10,000 at-risk New Yorkers, including veterans with PTSD, urban youth, and survivors of domestic abuse—at no cost.
"We are so excited and grateful that such amazing artists have gathered for such a meaningful cause," said DLF executive director Bob Roth. "Through this concert, we will be able to continue sharing the gift of Transcendental Meditation to people who need it the most."
Tickets range from $150 to $600 and can be acquired here.
Learn More
Read on Billboard
More Press
About CBW 2015
Help Support DLF
One Comment
[…] November 4th 2015, the David Lynch Foundation held its annual Change Begins Within benefit concert at New York's Carnegie Hall. Founder David Lynch himself couldn't […]


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Looking ahead, here are the upcoming events on our calendar. Stop by to learn more about our efforts and pick up new hub map postcards and other emergency preparedness materials.
8/18, Saturday, 11 AM – 3 PM: 6th Annual Delridge Day Festival at Delridge Community Center and Park (4501 Delridge Way SW). Look for us among the 60+ vendors/organizations (map).
8/18, NW Citizen Corp Expo in North Bend, WA (registration is now closed; not open to the general public).
8/28, Tuesday, 5:30 – 6:30 PM: We'll be part of the Community Information Fair at the Mayor's Town Hall event at the Southwest Teen Life Center (2801 SW Thistle Street). The Town Hall portion of the event runs from 6:30 – 8 PM.
September, date TBD: We are helping to plan an emergency radio communications drill with other hubs and organizations throughout the city. Note that we may need volunteers, especially "citizen actors", to help make this drill more realistic. More details to come.
10/14, Saturday, 2 – 6 PM: Fauntleroy Fall Festival at the Fauntleroy Church, YMCA and Schoolhouse, 9131 California Ave SW & 9140 California Ave SW (map).
10/20, Saturday, 10 – 2 PM: Arbor Heights Emergency Preparedness Workshop (more details to come).


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The music blared inside Hayes Gymnasium at Havelock High School Friday morning: �It�s always a good time.�
HAVELOCK - The music blared inside Hayes Gymnasium at Havelock High School Friday morning: �It�s always a good time.�
Indeed it was.
Students and staff sent off the Havelock football team to its third straight state championship game with a pep rally early Friday morning.
With chants from the cheerleaders, pep tunes from the marching band, and student council president Matt Gray asking for more noise, students dance, cheered and yelled. Gray led the students in a chant of �three peat,� as the Rams bid for a third consecutive state 3A title.
Havelock football players entered the gym through its H tunnel to screams of students, and head coach Jim Bob Bryant took the microphone just briefly, asking the students to repeat the words of the team�s traditional pre-game prayer.
He was quick to get the team out the door, as the Havelock High seniors formed a path to two charter buses parked in the front of the school. The players were all smiles as they passed through, slapping hands with fellow students
Loaded onto to buses, the players got one final salute from the cheerleaders at the high school and other students at Havelock Middle School and Havelock Elementary, who came out from their schools to wish the team luck.
The Rams are scheduled for a walkthrough practice this afternoon in Raleigh before hitting the Carter-Finley Stadium field at 11 a.m. Saturday to face Concord in the 3A state championship game.
Ken Buday is the editor of the Havelock News.


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Hi there after some requests as promised
a short blog on how I created this
keepsake box.
Take a paper mache box, this was one I picked up at the NEC last year, a
protected desk, you can use black bin bags, I have a linoleum cover for my desk. A plastic plate,
a washed piece of an old cotton night dress and Powertex.
Don't forget your plastic gloves.
After putting on your plastic gloves, take you fabric and coat on the plate in the powertex. Massage it into
the fabric making sure all of it is covered and is worked into the cloth.
Looks really awful, but keep going.
Paint the surface of the box with some of the powertex to act as a glue for the fabric.
No, its not chocolate so don't be tempted.
Drape and shape the fabric over the box, playing with it to position the draping of the fabric where you want it.
Repeat for all sides and leave to dry, overnight
The embellishments were made with moulds and paper clay painted with
distress inks.
I coloured the side with a mixture of perfect, pearls and coloured waxes.
I also painted the inside with acrylic paint to give a rich glossy finish.
Hope you have enjoyed today's blog.
Let me know what you think and if you try don't forget to show me, I would love to see
your creations.
Bye for now.


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Science Says Touching Your Toes Could Reveal a Heart Condition (10 Pics)
Posted on Jun 24, 2016
According to the researchers of the Heart and Circulatory Physiology Journal, you can easily check if you have a heart condition with a few easy steps. Just touch your toes and see!
1. Touching Your Toes
Supposedly, if you are able to touch your toes without any struggle, your heart and body are in good shape.


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Happy Friday!!!
I decided to pick a summer-y color today since it's super nice out. I ended up deciding on Essie's Haute as Hello. (This is from the Summer 2010 Collection )
Haute as Hello is a really beautiful color! Some would probably describe Haute as Hello as a coral shade, but I think it looks kind of like a flamingo pink shade with a touch orange, if that makes sense. This is definitely a bright shade that's perfect for summer. While the color is super pretty, the formula for this polish is terrible. It's very thick and super hard to make even. I ended up needing to use four coats of this in order to cover up all of the parts of my nail.
Last night, I had to run out to Target to pick up a couple of things and ended up buying some new polishes! I've already started swatching them, and they're super pretty, so I will probably end up posting them a little bit later!
If you want to purchase this polish, it's on Amazon. Here's the link:


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The reaction...
"Umm... That's not supposed to happen." :)
The guys at Bicycle Showcase were surprised when I showed up with that damper cartridge. So either the guy before me had a nack for harsh landings off of second story balconies, or there was some sort of defect. They were going to call Marzocchi up and see if they'll warranty it, and if not order one for me.
And who would have thought a 28mm socket would be so hard to find? No one in Fountain Hills has one!


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Guest blogger Julie Nichols from Todd Nichols Photography wrote this great article on our blog today. Thank you Julie for the insightful information! Are you a destination wedding couple looking for help with planning your destination wedding in McCall, Idaho? Not sure which venues would be best, whether to use a planner or day of … Continue reading Eight tips when planning your wedding from afar
Category Archives: Uncategorized
Destination Weddings in McCall Idaho
Why McCall is your best bet for destination weddings Are you looking for a destination wedding in Idaho? You don't have to look any further than McCall. From the beautiful venues, to the lakes, streams, fields, and mountains, McCall has everything for your destination wedding. Many types of weddings in the McCall area feature rustic … Continue reading Destination Weddings in McCall Idaho
Winter Wedding Styled Photo Shoot
Winter Wedding Styled Photo Shoot Here are the updated final photos from the Winter Wedding styled photo shoot at Tamarack Resort Idaho by Todd Nichols Photography. These pictures really capture the essence of the winter wedding theme. To us, a winter wedding showcases the shining light of love and warmth in an otherwise dark … Continue reading Winter Wedding Styled Photo Shoot
Free Engagement Sessions
ARE YOU READY FOR THIS? Starting Today, when you book your Wedding with McCall Weddings, you will receive a FREE ENGAGEMENT SESSION with International Award-Winning Todd Nichols Photography! Todd Nichols wedding photos have been featured in Grace Ormonde – Wedding Style, Colin Cowie Lifestyles, The Knot, The LA Times, 5 Star Weddings, and many other … Continue reading Free Engagement Sessions


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The Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education or TNBSE is regarded as one of the most prestigious boards of India. It was in the year 1911 when the Board came into existence. The Board is headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is a state level board of education that was developed in order to control and design the education system in the schools of Tamil Nadu. TNBSE is entrusted with the responsibility to make syllabus of different classes and ensures quality education throughout the state of Tamil Nadu. There are hundreds of schools that are affiliated to the Board. The passing percentage of the Board has increased substantially in the recent years. If the speculations made by the educationists of today are to be believed, the passing percentage in 2018 will be more than 95. The official website of the Board is tnresults.nic.in.
The Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education mainly conducts Board exam every year. The Board mainly conducts 10th and 12th examinations every year. The tenth class examination is known as SSC, whereas the 12th class examination is known as HSC. These examinations get arranged in the month of March, whereas the result for these examinations gets published in the month of May. The board provides certification to its successful candidates. In order to ensure fair examinations, the Board chooses a number of examination centres across the state of Tamil Nadu. The Board appoints several teachers and invigilators and gives them the responsibility of making the examination fair from all perspectives.
The Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education is going to conduct 10th class examination in the month of March, 2018. Though the notification for the examination will get displayed at its official website that is tnresults.nic.in, but if you want to remain up-to-date about all the latest news about the 10th class examination, all that you need to do is to stay hooked to our website. We will be uploading all the latest information all about the examination, the moment it gets surfaced on its official website.
The Tamil Board will be declaring its TN Board 10th class result 2018 will be declared in the month of May, 2018 at its official website that is tnresults.nic.in. In order to know the result, you need not search for any website as we will be updating all the latest notifications related to result right here on our webpage. It is simply because our professionals will be updating the link of the result right here on the webpage of our website. We will be the first to come out with the result.
If the opinions expressed by the educationists are to be believed, the TN board may conduct 12th class examination in the month of February/March2018. TN Board will be declaring 12th class result in the month of May, 2018. We will be providing the link of the result the moment it gets appeared in the official website of the TN Board. Therefore, you will be able to know about the result within no time. We wish you all the best for your examination and result, 2018.
We wish you all the best for your examination and result, 2018.


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If you choose to take a Biomedical Engineering degree, you might think that life after university will be spent squinting down a microscope. This degree will actually provide you with a solid grounding and an amazing career platform from which you may enter a wide range of interesting employment. Biomedical science is continually changing. It is, therefore, a dynamic profession with varied prospects including disease diagnosis and control or specialized laboratory work. A biomedical engineer may also work in multiple areas of education, management and research. Graduates who are suitably qualified can also gain graduate entry to dentistry, medicine or veterinary science.
What are the Options and Opportunities?
Biomedical graduates can choose to start work immediately in positions as pharmaceutical reps, writers or marketers. Alternatively, you can use the Master's in science degree to pursue advanced degrees, such as a PhD, MSc or PGCE, in a specialist subject. Graduates can easily transfer skills and knowledge to careers in business and management or the civil service. You can also train to become a specialized teacher through a Graduate Teacher Programme. There are numerous of jobs available, ranging from the Pharmaceutical Industry, environment to medicine and media. Biomedical scientists are also able to work in diagnostics, healthcare, manufacturing, food and drink. Biotechnology covers every life science!.
A Career in the Health Service
Biomedical science is the basic science that underpins all medicine. It is primarily about understanding the human body and how to control both, good health and disease. The majority of graduates, gravitate towards working in the Health Service or private laboratories or hospitals. Within these roles, Biomedical scientists usually carry out scientific and laboratory tests to help in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. A hospital emergency department and many other areas could not function without their presence. Graduates normally specialize in cellular work, infection or blood and provide expertise for blood sciences, emergency transfusions and disease diagnostics. There really is a multitude of choice.


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Announcing the launch of the Accessibility Award!
This is the 2nd year that the Imagine Cup has a competition specifically for a creating a new accessible technology solution. The competition is open to University students around the world. The solution idea needs to solve a real-world accessibility problem with technology access. You can learn more about the competition, and the realm of accessible technology at: http://imaginecup.com/Competition/mycompetitionportal.aspx?competitionId=33. There are lots of scenarios to explore - education, mobile computing, communications, Windows, workplaces, Information Technology, social networking, and more!
The teams submit an abstract and storyboard or prototype to describe their solution.
The teams submit an abstract and storyboard or prototype to describe their solution.All entries must be submitted by March 31, 2009. Then, up to 30 teams will continue on to Round 2.
First place prize is $5,000! And Second place prize is $3,000!
You can post questions here or on the Imagine Cup site. We are looking forward to your participation and thoughtful entries!


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- Details
- Last Updated on Thursday, 28 November 2013 11:36
Branch of Lomonosow Moscow State University in Dushanbe PDF presentation
Language Requirements:
Russian (Elementary + ). All classes are in Russian.
Documents Required:
For Staff exchange (mobility level 5)
- CV in English or Russian
- Copy of Diploma
- Reference letter
- Motivation Letter
- Certificate of employment
- Teaching/training proposal in English or Russian
Information before and after arrival:
All beneficiaries will receive an invitation letter as soon the selection process is over. They will be informed about the details of their stay and the further procedure to be followed.
The Department of Corporate Development of BLMSUD will issue an Invitation letter for the visa application. We will regularly check with the grantees the progress status of their visa application, if they might need any additional documents.
We can offer a room in the university hostel or assist in finding an apartment.
Arrival Information:
Before their arrival, all beneficiaries will be provided with detailed information about the transfer from the airport to the university campus and about the practical procedures to be followed at the beginning of their stay.
A foreign national who enters the Republic of Tajikistan, must register within three working days of arrival in the Republic of Tajikistan. The registration of a foreign citizen will be proceeded as soon as the person will provide the migration card with the custom control signification and identification documentation (passport) to the governmental institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan. The Department of Corporate Development of BLMSUD will assist them in the process.
Language Courses: Tajik and Russian language courses are available at the BLMSUD.
Contact information:
The Republic of Tajikistan, 734003, Dushanbe, Bokhtar 35/1
Tel: (+99237) 221-99-05, 221-99-42


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dayanand stars in hal's winStarbucks chairman and cheap nba jerseys CEO Howard Schultz speaks at the annual Starbucks shareholders meeting Wednesday, March 21, 2012, in Seattle. (AP Photo/Elaine Baratas Replicas Ray Ban Thompson)The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Paul R. La Monica. A couple cloves of garlic and a thick slice of feta cheese for instance can turn your simple burger into a delectable treat. Doing something as simple as that has turned your bland burger into a self respecting piece of meatliterally! If you aren't into all the trimmings then go basic with a dash of salt and pepper if you please. You know what seasonings you like and which ones you don't. Today, rare cases of discrimination among left and right handed people are observed. In fact, it is believed that left handed people have a bit of a higher IQ level than right handed ones. Left handed individuals are also more likely to excel in the fields of sports. Okay. So that stretches the hamstring which wholesale china jerseys is really important to stretch. Then I will have the boys do their quads. This, of course, paid off big time: The show became one of the most successful and celebrated series in history, garnering both popular and critical acclaim and a constellation of Emmys along the way. We like to think Gilligan sent videos of himself doing the "Hotline Bling" dance to every executive who passed on the show. What he found instead was a cheap nfl jerseys group of animators presided over by Disney's famed Nine Old Men old school animators with old school techniques and attitudes, which is another way of saying "They hated any and all new Cheap ray bans ideas, as is decreed by the mantle of oldmanhood.". So in most Wholesale China Jerseys situations, it might vary in tempo, but your basic counting rhythm would be straightforward, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. So to demonstrate, I'm going to do a grapevine across the floor in a straight eight count which looks like this, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. The next count is a waltz count, which is a one, two, three, kind of a skip count. Special Features 18 December 2014Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury.(AD); while repetitive cheap nfl jerseys concussive and subconcussive events as observed in. Athletes and military personnel, may increase. And a single, severe TBI.. "So she tells us what to do, and then watches us from the shadows? And the whole thing is in some kind of . Dungeon, I assume?" No. Or at least, that's not how the ones we spoke to do it.. "There are some aspects where they really help you, but some aspects where they hinder you," he said. "To be able to feel the ball when it hits your hands, it makes it more difficult when the gloves are on. I wear them as much for blocking as I do for receiving, because it gives you that extra layer of protection.".


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I am so happy to be a part of the book blog tour for Mary DeMuth, author of A Slow Burn. Please enjoy your time with Mary…
What would you say to someone who wants to become a published author?
Here's the analogy you need to memorize and internalize: Beginning the publishing journey is like wearing a sweatshirt and toting a sack lunch at the base of Mount Everest, thinking, Hmm, this should be a breeze!
In addition: know you are called. Know you have talent. Know you're full of tenacity. All three things will help you succeed along the journey.
Another idea is hang out at The Writing Spa and its corresponding blog WannabePublished. I tackle nearly every question a new writer would have. I offer weekly free critiques and I have guest authors cameo there. I evaluate the saleabilty of a book idea. Hop on by at http://www.thewritingspa.com.
Where are you headed next?
I hope I see that I get to continue this writing dream—writing for the sheer joy of it, and also receiving compensation (a nice writerly dream!). I also pray that if things take off, I'll keep my head on straight and constantly strive to point to the truly Famous One, Jesus.
I sense that more public speaking is in the future as well.
Here's a little snippet about the book…
She touched Daisy's shoulder. So cold. So hard. So unlike Daisy.
Yet so much like herself it made Emory shudder.
Burying her grief, Emory Chance is determined to find her daughter Daisy's murderer-a man she saw in a flicker of a vision. But when the investigation hits every dead end, her despair escalates. As questions surrounding Daisy's death continue to mount, Emory's safety is shattered by the pursuit of a stranger, and she can't shake the sickening fear that her own choices contributed to Daisy's disappearance. Will she ever experience the peace her heart longs for?
The second book in the Defiance, Texas Trilogy, this suspenseful novel is about courageous love, the burden of regret, and bonds that never break. It is about the beauty and the pain of telling the truth. Most of all, it is about the power of forgiveness and what remains when shame no longer holds us captive.
If Mary isn't sewing, taking pictures, in the kitchen cooking, or in the garden, you can find her on one of her sites…
* http://marydemuth.com
* http://www.relevantblog.blogspot.com
* http://www.wannabepublished.blogspot.com
* http://www.thewritingspa.com
For a book trailer on A Slow Burn, click here.
A Slow Burn can be purchased at Amazon.


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Bollywood movies can make you laugh, cry and sometimes also wonder why was this movies ever made. We have listed out a few movies which had a strong emotional impact on the audiences and left most of them teary eyed. Let's have a look-
1.Taare Zameen Par
Not one but several scenes from the movie made our eyes fill with tears. Seeing Darsheel trying to cope up in this competitive world while suffering from Autism was heart breaking. The one scene which did not leave a single eye dry in the theaters was the one when Darsheel is sent away to hostel.
This movie not only struck chords with NRI's but also with the people residing in the country itself. The scene that set waves of emotion was the one where Shahrukh Khan after going back to the US is missing is hometown and is recalling the time he spent there. What made this scene is so special and emotional was A.R Rehman's song 'Yeh Jo Desh hai Mera' playing in the background.
3.Rang de Basanti
Although this movie starts on a very fun and light note showing a bunch of DU students driving around in their jeeps and having fun, towards the end of the movie most eyes were left moist. The part which left everyone sobbing was the funeral scene of Lieuntenant Ajay Singh Rathod who lost his life because of corruption. Making this scene even harder to watch was A.R Rehman's song Luka Chupi which started playing as soon as Ajay's mother opens the door to find his body lying there.
4.Bajrangi Bhaijaan
There were a number of scenes in this movie which made us laugh very hard. But the scene that went viral for making everyone who watched the movie cry was the climax of the movie where Munni speaks for the first time in her life and calls out to Salman Khan as 'Mama'. This scene had a lot of emotions in it. The part where Salman khan and 'Munni' hug each other left a very warm feeling amongst all the viewers.
5.Ae Dil Hai Mushkil.
The song 'Chana Mereya' being sung by Ranbeer Kapoor and his acting wonderfully complimenting the song made all of us watching the movie feel overwhelmed with emotions of love and sadness, leaving a lot of us with moist eyes.


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This webinar was recorded on July 13, 2016.
Hawk-eyed gardeners may notice plant-to-plant differences after sowing saved seed. What can they do to isolate the best of these variants and establish their own varieties? In this webinar the presenters describe the procedures they followed as part of an OREI organic dry bean breeding project to identify and select plants within four heirloom dry bean varieties, and to generate new varieties with improved adaptation to upper Midwest growing conditions. These approaches can be applied to CSA, market garden and backyard garden-scale situations by aspiring freelance plant breeders who wish to take on the challenge of fine tuning adaptation to local conditions or maintaining unique types discovered in naturally self-pollinating food plants. This webinar is the result of research funded by NIFA OREI and the Minnesota Department of Agriculture, and is suitable for organic farmers and gardeners who are interested in seed breeding and saving.
Thomas Michaels is a Professor in the Department of Horticultural Science at the University of Minnesota and coordinator of the undergraduate major in Food Systems.
This is an eOrganic article and was reviewed for compliance with National Organic Program regulations by members of the eOrganic community. Always check with your organic certification agency before adopting new practices or using new materials. For more information, refer to eOrganic's articles on organic certification.
eOrganic 19326


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This handy book is exactly what the title suggest: a series of notes that will be useful to car builders. With 4000 hints, tips and tricks, its an easy book to dip in and out of, and you know youll learn something useful every time you pick it up!
Customers who bought this item also bought:


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Accommodation is an important part of your stay with us in Granada, whatever your budget, age or lifestyle there is housing that will make your stay with us as comfortable as possible. We suggest that you look on Airbnb for what is available, we also have some local contacts we can put you in touch with.
IML will not be held responsible for any complaints or dissatisfaction from the accommodation it suggests. IML seeks to recommend accommodation only and the terms and conditions of any rental agreement made are strictly between the tenant and the landlord.


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I must admit it. I'm a big fan of tomatoes. We eat heaps of them every week - in our pizza, salads, steamed fish and stir fries. Hence I will not stop growing them, no matter how challenging it is to keep them alive and well.
The best tomatoes I have eaten were in Sorrento, Italy in a very simple caprese salad. It's hard to describe how such a humble tomato can bring so much satisfaction.
If you ever grow your own tomatoes and leave them to ripen on the vine, perhaps you will understand why I'm addicted to growing them.
While it is true that tomato plants are very prone to pests, I try to take a break for a few months after my plants die before starting a new batch. It probably helps to keep the situation under control.
This new batch I'm growing is from a pack of seeds my friend brought back from Germany. They grow very quickly into strong and healthy plants. I started seeing lots of flowers in a month.
When I prune the leaves, I see lots of white bugs underneath. Luckily the plants are healthy, so they are not affected by the bugs at all.
When I prune the leaves, I see lots of white bugs underneath. Luckily the plants are healthy, so they are not affected by the bugs at all.
I'm pretty ruthless when it comes to pruning. All these glossy leaves are of not much use to the plant. You want the plant to channel all its energy towards nurturing the fruits, not the leaves.
I've got loads of pollinators in my garden, so my plants are always flowering and fruiting. The calamansi plants are forever laden with fruits. Even the curry plants are producing berries. And of course, the tomatoes too!


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SmartPlant Alliance Content members develop content for SmartPlant Enterprise products — for example, suppliers provide their electronic catalogs in a SmartPlant Enterprise-readable format.
The following companies have either current or planned activities to place their data into Intergraph formats.
The following links will direct you to third party websites, which are provided for your convenience. These third party websites are owned and operated by independent parties over which Intergraph has no control. Intergraph shall not have any liability resulting from your use of the third party website. Any link you make to or from the third party website will be at your own risk and any information you share with the third party website will be subject to the terms of the third party website, including those relating to confidentiality, data privacy, and security.
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Posts Tagged 'medicare advantage'
By: Maryalene LaPonsie If you live in Pennsylvania and have health insurance, you may owe Governor Edward Rendell a thank you. In the face of small business health insurance... Read more
By: Maryalene LaPonsie After spending billions and more to bail out everyone from AIG to Merrill Lynch to Chrysler, Congress seems to be taking a cue from the Seinfeld Soup... Read more
Riddle: When is a doughnut hole not a fabulous treat? Answer: When it's a huge gap that your Medicare prescription drug plan falls into. Gaps in Medicare coverage can leave a... Read more
Is it 2014 already? They must think so in California. Despite the fact that most provisions from the federal health reform bill aren't scheduled to go into effect until 2014,... Read more
With health insurance care costs escalating--5 to 10 percent per year for the past 10 years--and dependent care scheduled to be extended for children through the age of 26... Read more
With childhood obesity reaching epidemic proportions all over the country, supervisors in Santa Clara County, Calif. have stepped up to the plate by proposing a happy meal toy... Read more
The State of Illinois doesn't want the federal government to steal its thunder. Lately, the news has been filled with stories about how federal health care reform now allows... Read more
Massachusetts may have come up with a way to offset the cost small businesses face as the provisions of the health care reform law come to light. The state of Massachusetts... Read more
Do your doctors care about saving you money? Well, maybe they would if they actually knew how to, but chances are good your doctor doesn't have a clue. Most people would... Read more
You've got to feel bad for insurance commissioners. As government bureaucrats, they fall into a category of respect that is somewhere slightly above politicians but below... Read more


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Freefall Exhibition @ GADShare Event on Facebook Share Event on Twitter Share Event on LinkedIn
The GAD (Gallery of Australian Design ) has upped stumps and moved to a more commercial precinct in Kingston which should bring a steady stream of lookers, the inquisitive and supporters who would follow this unique concept wherever it set up shop.
And to make use of the space for a display of design entries in the Engineers Australia Freefall Experience Design Ideas Competition results in an exhibition of exceptional design, ingenuity and brilliant concepts for what was a competition to celebrate the role of engineers and their contribution to the building of Australia to be built in the growing Pin Oak forest at the National Arboretum
The winning entry is a worthy one encompassing all the criteria of this competition and while the prize has been awarded the next phase of this project is to find the money to build the winning entry to be opened in the Freefall Pin Oak forest to celebrate the centenary of Engineers Australia in 2019. It is a prime position with a view to the lake and beyond, a magnificent vista for sunrises and a gentle slope that the winning design has used to advantage for the transparent flowing sculpture that uses stainless steel and rock on its way through the trees terminating in a spiral reminding of a shell and the cochlear implant, one of the most brilliant and beneficial engineering innovations.
Virginia Haussegger was on the judging panel for the design award and opened the official exhibition display of the finalists at the GAD with her usual charm and insider stories of the time spent sitting in the Arboretum imagining and conceptualizing. As the daughter of an engineer the difference for her and her dad on the concept of what is beautiful was a personal aside and a reminder to us all of how important good design is to us and our environment, how beauty is always in the eyes of the beholder, deprivation of it is anathema to us all. The Freefall winning design is a beauty and beautiful. The exhibition continues at the GAD at 47 Jardine Street Kingston.