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Three ways to protect your business with PCI data security
The Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council® (PCI SSC), an open global forum that develops, maintains, and manages the PCI Data Security Standards (DSS), has released a new set of standards, PCI 3.0, which take effect on January 1, 2015.
The PCI SSC systematically reviews its rules and regulations to address ever-evolving security concerns, and releases a new set of standards every three years. The standards aim to protect and educate industry players such as merchants, processors, software developers, financial institutions and other organizations that store, process, and transmit cardholder data around the world.
Vantiv Integrated Payments understands that maintaining PCI compliance can be challenging at times, so we are here to help. What does PCI 3.0 mean for you? Following are three key themes of the new requirements, along with specific requirements for each.
1. Compliance is business as usual
Merchants who fail to make PCI compliance a priority may not understand that they are under a constant threat of a data breach. Compliance is not a one-time event, but a continuum that ebbs and flows as different factors present themselves in the credit card processing environment. The initial investment of time and company resources to achieve compliance will pay off. Making PCI compliance a part of your daily operations is much more sustainable and effective than treating it as an annual review process.
The requirements that fall under this theme include:
- Req 1.1.1 – Establish a formal process for approving and testing all network connections and changes to the firewall and router configurations.
- Req 1.1.7 – Review firewall and router rule sets at least every six months.
- Req 9.1 – Use appropriate facility entry controls to limit and monitor physical access to systems in the cardholder data environment.
- Req 11.3 – Implement a methodology for penetration testing.
- Req 12.2 – Implement a risk-assessment process that:
- Is performed at least annually and upon significant changes to the environment (for example, acquisition, merger, relocation, etc.),
- Identifies critical assets, threats, and vulnerabilities, and...
- Results in a formal risk assessment.
2. Increased education and awareness
Unfortunately, small and medium sized businesses have become a large target for hackers seeking to steal credit card information. Oftentimes, these types of merchants do not have the resources or technological know-how to protect themselves. PCI 3.0 aims to educate merchants so they can recognize security threats sooner rather than later.
Understanding the flow of card data through your network will help you identify potential security threats, and recognize the areas of your business that are in scope of PCI compliance. PCI 3.0 contains card data flow diagrams and lists system components that need to be documented and maintained.
PCI 3.0 also places more emphasis on educating employees. Many PCI programs include online employee training, which make it easier for you to educate your staff. Your employees need to understand what they can do to detect and protect your business from intruders (i.e., not allowing unauthorized people to make changes to the POS). Merchant SecureAssist®, Vantiv Integrated Payments' security solution offered in partnership with Approved Scanning Vendor Trustwave®, includes employee training programs, along with several other critical services.
The requirements that fall under this theme include:
- Req 1.1.3 – Current diagram depicting all cardholder data flows across systems and networks.
- Req 5.1.2 – For systems considered to be not commonly affected by malicious software, perform periodic evaluations to identify and evaluate evolving malware threats in order to confirm whether such systems continue to not require anti-virus software.
- Req 7.1.1 – Define access needs for each role, including:
- System components and data resources that each role needs to access for their job function, and
- Level of privilege required (for example, user, administrator, etc.) for accessing resources. Req 12.6 - Implement a formal security awareness program to make all personnel aware of the importance of cardholder data security.
- Req 12.6.1 – Educate personnel upon hire and at least annually.
3. Security as a shared responsibility
PCI compliance contains several moving pieces. Another focus of PCI 3.0 is to help merchants understand how all the pieces affect the credit card processing environment. The vendors who maintain your network and provide support may impact the security of your cardholder data environment.
Be sure you have written agreements with your point of sale equipment provider that define the security requirements they manage, and those you manage. It is important to understand how your processor, POS reseller, and POS software all contribute to your compliance status. Ultimately, you are responsible for any card data compromises, so be sure that the people you work with are meeting the industry accepted guidelines.
The requirements that fall under this theme include:
- Req 12.3.8 – Automatic disconnect of sessions for remote-access technologies after a specific period of inactivity. Ensure your vendor disconnects or has set up the session to automatically disconnect.
- Req 12.6 – Implement a formal security awareness program to make all personnel aware of the importance of cardholder data security.
- Req 12.8 – Maintain and implement policies and procedures to manage service providers with whom cardholder data is shared, or that could affect the security of cardholder data (e.g. resellers that manage or service your POS and network).
- Req 12.8.2 – Maintain a written agreement that includes an acknowledgement that the service providers are responsible for the security of cardholder data the service providers possess or otherwise store, process or transmit on behalf of the customer, or to the extent that they could impact the security of the customers' cardholder data environment.
- Req 12.8.3 – Ensure there is an established process for engaging service providers including proper due diligence prior to engagement.


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Paskins Town HouseSheridan's | South of England | Brighton Hotels
Paskins Town House, 18-19 Charlotte Street, Brighton, East Sussex, England BN2 1AG
Telephone: click to view
Fax: 01273 621973
Email / Booking Enquiry:
Stylish 'green' B&B in one of Victorian England's most perfectly preserved conservation areas. Most of our food is organic and natural, with delicious traditional and vegetarian breakfasts on our menu. We have twice been nominated for best B&B breakfast by the AA.
B&B from £40 to £55 Single,
£80 to £130 Double.
AA/RAC 4 Star Guest Accommodation

subset: commoncrawl


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Ok, we are half way into Kids Clothes Week and I am just now posting my first post about it. I'm thinking I should just recap with a single blog post at the end.
The weather here has been wonderful and sunny. It is hard to expect J to stay inside so I can sew when he wants to make mud pies and worm soup. Needless to say, it has been a slow start to Kids Clothes Week for me.
Day One:
I had this flowy bohemian top that I wore while I was pregnant. Not expecting to wear it again, I decided that it needed to be up cycled to something more exciting and useful. I had thought about a maxi dress for P or maybe just a flowy skirt. Then inspiration struck and I whipped out a darling little summery tunic and headband. I couldn't wait for her to come home to try it on and she obliged me.
Now if we could just get some heat to go with the sunshine.....


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Let $\mathcal C$ be a category with images à la this Wiki article.
Let $f \colon A \longrightarrow B$ and $g: B\longrightarrow C$ be two morphisms. Let $X \xrightarrow{r} A$ be a subobject. Then $f(X)$ is defined to be the image of $fr$. Is it true that $$ (gf)(X) = g (f(X))?$$ I can show that $(gf)(X) \subseteq g(f(X))$ since it is reasonably easy to draw an arrow using the universal property of the image.


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It's TIME! The long awaited ALL WOMEN Faika Podcast is THIS SUNDAY January 7th!!!
Brought to you by PolyByDesign, the Faika Podcast showcases the feminine side of the Pacific Islands in this episode as POWERFUL role models such as Asian American Resources Program Director Nani Wilson, College of San Mateo Professor Ursula Ann-Siataga, "Brown Girl Woke" Movement Doris Tulifau , Spa Magazine's "Rising Star Of The YEAR!" Siai Carole Morales AND your lovely Faika Hostess Annette "Nackie" Moli are revved up and READY TO RUMBLE!
Buckle up as the all female ear-hustler crew takes you on a ride on any and all topics that they feel appropriate. Sexual abuse, LOVE, domestic abuse, relationships, social media, politics etc are ALL FAIR GAME!
This is a DO NOT MISS episode. Tune into the CURRENT #1 ranked show in the entire FCCFREERADIO.COM show catalog; THE FAIKA PODCAST! We broadcast from 10:00 am to 12:00 Noon live EVERY Sunday on FCCFREERADIO.COM in the ICONIC Studio 2b. The best way to listen live is to download the "TuneIn" app and search "FCCFREERADIO".
If you miss the live show you can download the episode on FCCFREERADIO.COM after 1:20 PM. PolyByDesign will post a link on Facebook as soon as it's downloadable.


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Over the 3 years of having the car, my keyfob is starting to show its age. Anyone know where I can just buy the plastic housing? I am hoping Ford would sell that and not just a new key.
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Posted 24 August 2017 - 07:18 PM
maybe Ebay or Amazon?
Posted 25 August 2017 - 10:28 AM
maybe Ebay or Amazon?
I checked. All I see is some plastic and rubber cases that goes over it which just adds more bulk. I am surprised Ford doesn't have parts for this. Would be nice to buy the shell for 20-25 bucks.
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Advertising Slogans
Slogans are, I think, is what makes a Brand more memorable and stays on the consumers mind for quite a while. But creating a slogan is not for the sake of just creating an advertising slogan. It have to be simple and memorable. Relevant to the target and unique to the brand. It should also be a consumer language. It is also said by advertising experts and even theorize that slogans are more important than visual executions because what we hear is what we remember most based on psychological studies. Visual executions change to provide freshness to a campaign, but great taglines endure.
I have used one myself. On this blog you will see the slogan "Work Smarter, Not Harder" although this slogan have been used many times but it seem that no popular brand name have ever used it. Another blog I saw is from Matt Mullenweg with a slogan "Unlucky in Cards". The slogan sounds mysterious but when I watched a video from Wordcamp Philippines, someone asked why is it so. Matt said, in the U.S., there was a saying "Lucky in Cards, Unlucky in Love" so maybe he made a unique slogan for it. Making it vice-versa.
So below are list of a well known taglines and most of the time seen on TV or print ads: (Just looking on the list, seems coke has many slogans. No wonder that brand is sooo famous!)
Come to where the flavor is. – Marlboro
It's the real thing. – Coca-Cola
Coke is it. – Coca-Cola
Always Coca-Cola. – Coca-Cola
Just for the taste of it. – Diet Coke
The choice of a new generation. – Pepsi
Ask for more. – Pepsi
Obey your thirst. – Sprite
The uncola. – 7-Up
Do the Dew. – Mountain Dew
Is it in you? – Gatorade
This Bud's for you. – Budweiser
It's Miller time! – Miller High Life
Tastes great, less filling! – Miller Lite
It can only be Heineken. – Heineken
Probably the best beer in the world. – Carlsberg
Australian for beer. – Foster's
Keep walking. – Johnnie Walker
The best part of waking up is Folger's in your cup. – Folger's
Got Milk? – California Milk Board
Melts in your mouth. Not in your hand. – M&Ms
Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. – Kit Kat
Quality never goes out of style. – Levi's
Just do it. – Nike
Impossible is Nothing. – Adidas
I love this game. – NBA
We bring good things to life. – General Electric
Let's make things better. – Philips
It's a Sony. – Sony
Connecting People. – Nokia
Hello Moto. – Motorola
It keeps going, and going, and going. – Energizer (Bunny)
Let your fingers do the walking. – Yellow Pages
Think different. – Apple
Intel Inside. – Intel
There are some things money can't buy. For everything else, there's Mastercard. – Mastercard
Not just Visa. – Citibank Visa
Don't leave home without it. – American Express
Turning dreams into reality. – Citibank
The world's local bank. – HSBC
Want more? just go here and see 101 of them.


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If you follow me on Instagram you probably saw my post about taking a (beginner) calligraphy class last weekend. I've always had a fascination with beautiful handwriting. My mother has beautiful penmanship, very elegant -I remember admiring it as a little girl & I hoped that when I grew up I would inherit my mother's skill. Unfortunately, that didn't happen! While my handwriting isn't terrible...I wouldn't describe it as elegant either.
So for more than a year I've had my eye on this calligraphy class. It is held at my favorite stationary store, Chrips and Cheers. If you're ever in OKC you must go in there -it's right across the street from McNellie's Pub! They have the BEST selection of cards and the most beautiful stationary. I could spend hours browsing!
Anyway, the class is taught by expert calligrapher Lauren Essl of Brown Eye Blue Eye (check out her website, so cute!). Lauren travels the country teaching workshops and does custom design and calligraphy work as well.
When I first looked into taking the class, the cost scared me off. I wasn't sure I was ready to invest a lot of money on a "hobby" ...so I didn't sign up.
Rewind to four months ago, it was #shoplocal Saturday (the day after Black Friday) I was shopping for Christmas cards (at Chirps & Cheers) and I mentioned that I was interested in taking the class if it was ever offered again. As luck would have it, they told me they were offering the class in February and I could sign up! (the class sells out pretty fast so I was excited to be the first on the list -they hadn't opened enrollment yet!)
Of course, after telling my mom she decided to sign up as well!
We had the most wonderful time! Lauren is such a good teacher -very patient and well spoken. We spent most of the class learning the basics (how to hold your pen, how to dip your pen, ink flow and pressure, lower case letters and connecting letters). Also, we went home with lot's of swag -including a calligraphy pen, nibs, tracing paper, ink, washi tape, etc.
I highly recommend the beginner class to anyone with a real interest in calligraphy. However, I must warn you -this is one of those skills that comes with practice. Remember learning to write as a little kid? Think about how much your handwriting has improved since then! Calligraphy is the same concept -right now I'm a little kid learning to write...it's awkward holding the pen, there are smudges and accidents...but soon it will come naturally! (so don't assume that after you take the class you will be ready to address hundreds of wedding envelopes or open an etsy shop! ha!)
Has anyone else ventured out into the art of calligraphy? I'd love to hear feedback about helpful tips & tricks!
Before we go, here are a few of my favorite things on the internet from the past few weeks:
-This Instagram post is so funny and so true!
-Adele pranked the Jamba Juice employees...love her!
-To the men I love, about men who scare me. #preach
-JetBlue came up with a brilliant marketing idea...loved watching this
-Another awesome Instagram account
-This pink bedroom is adorable, something I would have LOVED as a child!
One more thing - I wrote this post a while ago but forgot to share it on Facebook! Oops!
Happy Friday Friends!


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Janus Hotels & Resorts
The High-Performance Management Advantage
Over the past thirty years, the innovative techniques used by Janus Hotels & Resorts have earned us a reputation as a leader in the ownership, management, repositioning and redevelopment of a diverse range of assets. We focus on growing top-line revenues through strategic sales and marketing initiatives, as well as operational cost controls. Our management services have benefited over 250 clients in over 21 states representing all brands, including Mariott, Hilton, IHG, Starwood, Wyndham, Choice, Radisson and independent properties.
In addition, we provide comprehensive receivership services for real estate assets including hotels, apartments, condominiums and more. Taking into account all aspects, we are committed to acting quickly to determine the necessary course of action. Our goal is always to ensure the maximum benefit for all parties involved through outstanding insight and practical solutions.
Contact the experts Janus Hotels and Resorts today to unleash your advantage!


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Tutorial: Per Pixel CollisionMonday, September 28th, 2015
In this tutorial we will take a look at implementing per pixel collision detection. Resolving collisions at the pixel level offers more precision than traditional bounding box methods and allows for more advanced interactions. In this example, we'll be using it to move our character over some hilly terrain. If you want to peek ahead at the end result, check out the demo here. (more…)


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● Standard MP3 | MP3-320
● Lossless FLAC | Apple Lossless MPEG-4
● Uncompressed WAV | Uncompressed AIFF
File info
WAV (WAVEFORM AUDIO FILE FORMAT) Standard digital audio file format used for storing waveform data; allows audio recordings to be saved with different sampling rates and bitrates; often saved in a 44.1 KHz, 16-bit, stereo format, which is the standard format used for CD audio. WAV files are most often seen on Windows-based computers.
AIFF (AUDIO INTERCHANGE FILE FORMAT) High-quality audio file created using the (AIFF) file format; contains CD-quality audio stored in a non-compressed, lossless format, similar to .WAV files; commonly used to burn audio CDs. The AIFF file format is based on the Electronic Arts .IFF format and was originally developed by Apple Computer. Standard CD audio AIFF files are sampled at 44.1KHz, are 16-bit, and have two channels for stereo sound.
APPLE LOSSLESS (ALAC) is an audio codec developed by Apple and supported on iPhone, iPad, most iPods, Mac and iTunes. ALAC is a data compression method which reduces the size of audio files with no loss of information. A decoded ALAC stream is MPEG-4 Audio, and bit-for-bit identical to the original uncompressed audio file.
FLAC (FREE LOSSLESS AUDIO CODEC) is an audio compression format like MP3, but while MP3 uses a "lossy" compression, which basically discards audio information that humans can't hear, FLAC uses a lossless compression, which will not change the quality of the compressed audio.
NOTE: Some media players cannot play FLAC files, but you can download a free program like VLC MEDIA PLAYER to play FLAC files.


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Arizona Science Center is located between 5th and 7th streets on Washington Street in Heritage Square. The entrance is accessible from Heritage Square, facing Monroe Street.
Heritage and Science Park Garage on 5th Street and Monroe Street.
No, but Arizona Science Center offers parking validation from Heritage and Science Park Garage on 5th Street and Monroe Street, which discounts the cost of parking. Parking validation is available at the Information Zone, General Admission and the Membership Zone.
Tickets can be purchased online or in Arizona Science Center at General Admissions.
To view special offers, please visit our Offers and Promotions page.
There are three ways to purchase a membership:
- Online
- In person at Arizona Science Center
- By phone at 602.716.2029
Arizona Science Center has a concession stand across from the Information Zone just past the lobby, and there are vending machines in the lunchroom. Arizona Science Center is happy to have Bean Sprouts in the main lobby, which is open daily from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Click here to view the Bean Sprouts menu.
Arizona Science Center does not allow food or drinks in its galleries. There are designated food areas in the building, including Bean Sprouts and a lunchroom, both of which are accessible from the lobby.
Arizona Science Center proudly welcomes school groups during all times of the year. The Center's high–traffic season is March through May, when school groups typically visit before 2 p.m. Monday through Friday.


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Designing a Solar Phone Charger (Lesson 7)
1. Students will be able to design a device that can charge a phone with 4 hours of sun a day. 2. Students will use collected data and be able to support their design – i.e. the data will show that the unit will produce enough energy to charge a phone given it receives 4 hours of sun a day. 3. Students will also be able to calculate efficiency from their power calculations. 4. Students will be able to compare efficiencies of their circuit to others tested in this unit. 5. Students can calculate how much energy 4 hours of sunlight can produce on the solar modules they will use.
This is the culminating activity for the unit "Off the Grid." Students will be given some restricted parameters around which to design a solar powered battery operated phone (or other USB device) charger


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Agartala – Kolkata Railway Service, Kanchanjunga Express started run today from Agartala.
08.10.16. Agartala: The newly introduced 15660 Kanchanjungha Express today left Agartala for Sealdah(Kolkata) fulfilling long aspiration of the people of Tripura for a direct train service between the capitals of Tripura and West Bengal. Huge numbers of people today gathered at Agartala railway station to witness the starting of this service. All the berths earmarked for the passenger of Tripura were sold out almost instantly after announcement of the train. In the very first day 538 nos journey tickets valued Rs. 1, 74,455/- were sold from various counters within Tripura. It may be mentioned here that Hon'ble Railway Minister Shri Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu assured of a direct express passenger train service between Agartala and Kolkata while addressing general public in a meeting on 31st July, 16 at Agartala. The 15660 Kanchanjungha Express which left Agartala today at 05-15 hrs. will reach Sealdah at 19-25 hrs tomorrow covering a distance of 1556 km at about 38 hours.
Kanchanjunga Express at Agartala Railway Station.


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3 Nights / 4 Days
Destination Covered : Coonoor-ooty
Day 1
From Coimbatore airport / railway station, hire your cab and arrive at your pre booked hotel in Ooty .Check into hotel. Half day sightseeing.
» Ooty boat house » Ooty lake » botanical garden » Rose garden
Day 2
Morning after breakfast visit
» Dodabetta peak » Ooty tea Estate » Niligiri Tea manufacturing company »
Evening free for Shopping.
Day 3
After breakfast, proceed for your sight seeing tour to
» Mudhumalai shooting spot » pykara falls » Pykara boat house » Trucking » Night safari by Special Jeep ride.
Over night stay at a resort.
Day 4
After breakfast ,proceed to Coonoor
» Toy train from Ooty to Coonoor » Sims Park » Lambs rock » Dolphin nose.
Overnight at hotel or
Return back to Coimbatore airport/railway station.
» Ooty famous "ghee variki"
» Ooty Eucalyptus oils, Aromatic Oils, Organic Oils
» Ooty handicrafts, Handlooms
» Ooty homemade chocolates, Bakery
» Ooty spices, ooty sweet, Plums, Apples
» Ooty tea, Green Tea, Coffee
- Pickup from Coimbatore Airport / Railway Station
- Drop at Coimbatore Airport/Railway Station
- Cab rental for 4 days » All sightseeing, land transfer & Inter hotel transfer
- Multilingual driver with professional sightseeing assistance.


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Now this freaing cool! even though the game has been released, Capcom is still giving us new anime shorts to enjoy.
Friday, February 27, 2009
A new Street Fighter IV Anime short is released, featuring C.Viper
Now this freaing cool! even though the game has been released, Capcom is still giving us new anime shorts to enjoy.
15 comments:
So you mean NO ONE defeated him? o.o
This damn little anime piece throws to the wind the endings for Guile, Cammy and Ryu!
Not pleased. =(
- February 27, 2009 at 12:47 AM
No, scratch that, I thought it through and made it work. Cammy's ending happens before the fight, with Bison telling her she's a "clone" and stuff. Mid-fight, Guile has a perfect opportunity to complete his vendetta, but chooses not to, lets Bison go, and instead os giving up, he goes back into fighting them all again. Ryu's ending works fine, after the fight, yadda yadda.
- February 27, 2009 at 2:49 AM
Ahaha,dude,indeed. I so wanted Bison to return from actual hell and not from a regenerating mashine or something. Makes him less badass lol.
- February 27, 2009 at 5:41 AM
They are still leaving the Bison / Rose connection as a mystery.
- February 27, 2009 at 6:25 AM
Anyone think the are going to release a second anime movie? The first one and the game didn't really do anything to explain the plot so I'd be glad if they did.
- February 27, 2009 at 8:00 AM
- Gamer K said...
Well I dont think any SF Anime will be better than SF2 the animated movie. Its just the unexpected film that every part of it was good. I mean it re-vitalized the franchise as far as Im concerned. This new string of SF animes while better looking than Alpha still dont hold a candle to the gail that is SF2 the animated movie.
- February 27, 2009 at 8:19 AM
I can't see the trailer and I can't read japanese. Please help?
- February 27, 2009 at 12:41 PM
This is the 4th Anime Short. The first one was Ryu vs Akuma, the second Chun-Li and the third Sakura.
The Ryu and Chun-Li videos are easily to be found at MyVideo. But the third is supposed to be released after the Chun-Li movie in theaters.
Here is the link (top right). Please help me transtlate it:
Waiting further for a translation of the VIper-Short due to incomprehension of japanese.
- February 27, 2009 at 3:42 PM
STREET FIGHTER IV CHAMPIONSHIP EDITION cant wait ono
- February 27, 2009 at 6:43 PM
- Kirk Ultra said...
Are these short animes original works? Or are they clips from the new SFIV movie that came with the game?
Also, does anybody have any links to the episodes that came before this new C. Viper one?
- March 3, 2009 at 5:02 PM
29047126483369175 I play dofus Replica Watches for one year, I Replica Rolex Watches want to get some Replica Watch kamas to buy Replica Chanel Watches item for my character. So, I search "Replica Swiss Watches" on google and found many website. As Exact Replica Graham Watch the tips from the forum, I just review the Swiss Replica Watches websites and choose some Replica Montblanc Watches quality sites to Replica Cartier Watches compare the price, and go to their Replica Breguet Watches online support to make Replica Breitling Watches the test. And Last Chaos Gold I decide to use Replica BRM Watch at the end. And Tag Heuer Replica Watch that is the Replica IWC Watch beginning..
- September 14, 2009 at 5:19 AM
酒店經紀酒店打工 酒店工作 酒店上班酒店兼差 酒店兼職打工兼差 打工兼職 台北酒店酒店應徵 禮服酒店 酒店 經紀 打工兼差
- June 27, 2010 at 6:55 PM
Hello guys,
Do you want to learn about movies rating?
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- August 13, 2010 at 3:58 AM
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Click here to learn about [url=http://ratethismovie.net]movies ratings[/url]
- August 22, 2010 at 10:14 AM
- Love Kpop said...
It seems I'm on the right track, I hope I can do well. The result was something I did and was doing to implement it.
- January 30, 2018 at 1:23 AM


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Parsha Va-yakhel | Book: 1 Kings
Chapter 7
40Hiram also made the lavers, the scrapers, and the sprinkling bowls.
So Hiram finished all the work that he had been doing for King Solomon on the House of the Lord: 41the two columns, the two globes of the capitals upon the columns; and the two pieces of network to cover the two globes of the capitals upon the columns; 42the four hundred pomegranates for the two pieces of network, two rows of pomegranates for each network, to cover the two globes of the capitals upon the columns; 43the ten stands and the ten lavers upon the stands; 44the one tank with the twelve oxen underneath the tank; 45the pails, the scrapers, and the sprinkling bowls. All those vessels in the House of the Lord that Hiram made for King Solomon were of burnished bronze. 46The king had them cast in earthen molds, in the plain of the Jordan between Succoth and Zarethan. 47Solomon left all the vessels [unweighed] because of their very great quantity; the weight of the bronze was not reckoned.
48And Solomon made all the furnishings that were in the House of the Lord: the altar, of gold; the table for the bread of display, of gold; 49the lampstands—five on the right side and five on the left—in front of the Shrine, of solid gold; and the petals, lamps, and tongs, of gold; 50the basins, snuffers, sprinkling bowls, ladles, and fire pans, of solid gold; and the hinge sockets for the doors of the innermost part of the House, the Holy of Holies, and for the doors of the Great Hall of the House, of gold.


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Los Angeles Daily News Editorial Board Decries Efforts to Kill AB 1220
Yesterday, the Los Angeles Daily News Editorial Board decried the CTA's so-far unsuccessful efforts to kill the Teacher and Student Success Act (AB 1220), a bill authored by Assemblymember Shirley Weber (D-San Diego) at the urging of teacher organizations Teach Plus and Educators for Excellence. Assemblymember Weber decided to hold AB 1220 in the Senate Education Committee, where it can be considered next year, two weeks ago. The bill would extend the timeline for making teacher tenure decisions to three years — currently, tenure decisions are made just 18 months after a new teacher begins in the classroom. Additionally, AB 1220 would provide additional mentoring and professional development services for teachers who show promise but need more support to reach their full potential.
As the Editorial Board pointed out, "Even a strong majority of teachers think the tenure period is too short. A 2015 Teach Plus survey of more than 500 traditional public school teachers in California found that 72 percent of teachers believe that the current 18-month standard is 'not enough time' to properly determine whether teachers should receive tenure. In addition, 86 percent said a teacher should be in the classroom at least three years before a tenure decision is made, with five years being the average threshold offered."
Now is the time to continue to celebrate our teachers, fix our broken tenure law with a common-sense solution and address our teacher shortage by attracting great new teachers into the classroom.


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- Research
- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
So many, yet few: Human resources for health in India
- Krishna D Rao1Email author,
- Aarushi Bhatnagar2 and
- Peter Berman3
© Rao et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
- Received: 11 April 2011
- Accepted: 18 June 2012
- Published: 13 August 2012
In many developing countries, such as India, information on human resources in the health sector is incomplete and unreliable. This prevents effective workforce planning and management. This paper aims to address this deficit by producing a more complete picture of India's health workforce.
Both the Census of India and nationally representative household surveys collect data on self-reported occupations. A representative sample drawn from the 2001 census was used to estimate key workforce indicators. Nationally representative household survey data and official estimates were used to compare and supplement census results.
India faces a substantial overall deficit of health workers; the density of doctors, nurses and midwifes is a quarter of the 2.3/1000 population World Health Organization benchmark. Importantly, a substantial portion of the doctors (37%), particularly in rural areas (63%) appears to be unqualified. The workforce is composed of at least as many doctors as nurses making for an inefficient skill-mix. Women comprise only one-third of the workforce. Most workers are located in urban areas and in the private sector. States with poorer health and service use outcomes have a lower health worker density.
Among the important human resources challenges that India faces is increasing the presence of qualified health workers in underserved areas and a more efficient skill mix. An important first step is to ensure the availability of reliable and comprehensive workforce information through live workforce registers.
- India
- Human resources
- Census
- Household survey
Greater availability of health workers is associated with better service utilization and health outcomes[1–3]. In addition to overall numerical strength, health workforce effectiveness is also influenced, among other things, by skill mix, type of providers and their geographical distribution. Information on indicators such as these is critical for policy makers to manage and plan better for the health workforce. Yet, in many developing countries, such as India, workforce planning is handicapped by the lack of comprehensive and reliable information on the number of health workers, what types operate, what their qualifications are and where they are located.
Counting health workers in India is a challenging exercise. For one, India's health workforce is characterized by a diversity of health workers offering health services in several systems of medicine. These health workers are present in both the private and public sector. According to the National Occupation Classification (NOC), providers of allopathic health services broadly include doctors (general and specialists), dentists, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, technicians, optometrists, physiotherapists, nutritionists, sanitarians and a range of administrative and support staff[4]. Physicians and surgeons trained in Indian systems of medicine - Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Sidha - and Homeopathy, collectively known as AYUSH, also provide health care through public and private sector facilities. Certain states have also introduced state specific cadres; the states of Chhattisgarh and Assam have deployed non-physician clinicians with three and a half years of allopathic training. In addition, a large number of community health workers operate in the health sector.
Adding to this complexity is the large number of informal medical practitioners, commonly called RMPs (Registered Medical Practitioners a). RMPs are often the first point of contact for medical care for the rural population and the urban poor. They typically practice allopathic medicine, but have no formal qualification or license to do so. While it is difficult to estimate their numbers, one study estimates that 25% (42% in rural and 15% in urban) of the individuals classified as allopathic doctors, reported no medical training[5]. Another study conducted in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan in 2003 found that 41% of private practitioners who called themselves doctors had no medical degree, 18% had no medical training at all and 17% had not even graduated from high school[6]. In addition, a substantial number of practitioners of traditional medicine and faith healers inhabit the rural workforce space.
Routine sources of information on the health workforce are fragmented and generally unreliable. For certain cadres (allopathic doctors, AYUSH physician, dentists, nurses, pharmacists) of health workers, information on their strength is available from their respective professional councils. However, this information suffers from several limitations. Because professional councils don't maintain live registers, the information they provide is inaccurate due to non-adjustment of health workers leaving the workforce due to death, migration and retirement or double counting of workers due to their registration in more than one state[7]. Further, not all state councils follow the same registering procedure, raising issues of comparability. Importantly, certain categories of health workers, such as physiotherapists, medical technicians, RMPs and faith healers, are not recorded at all. Finally, data on health workers in some states (e.g. India's north-east) are not available because they do not have state specific professional councils.
This paper attempts to present a more complete picture of India's health workforce. It quantifies the size, composition and distribution of India's health workforce by drawing on non-routine sources such as the Census and from nationally representative household surveys. Because these sources collect information directly from individuals, they can potentially overcome many of the deficiencies associated with routine data sources.
Data and methods
This study used data from two sources - the 2001 Census of India and the 61st round (July 2004-June 2005) of the National Sample Survey (NSS) on 'Employment and Unemployment'. The census data were a sample drawn from the population - from each district of the country, 20% of the rural and 50% of the urban enumeration blocks (EB) were selected using systematic sampling. An EB consisted of 600 and 750 individuals in the urban and rural areas, respectively. In the 11 smaller states and union territories (<2 million population) all EBs were selected, making the total sample size roughly 300 million individuals. The sample estimates were then inflated by a factor of five for rural and two for urban districts to get population totals.
The NSS is a multi-stage stratified cluster sample survey covering the entire country. This survey was spread over 7999 villages and 4602 urban blocks covering 124 680 households and 602 833 persons. Both the census and the NSS collected information on the self-reported occupation[8].
The National Occupational Classification (NOC) codes were used to classify occupation self-reports[4]. NOC codes enabled classifying health workers according to their specific occupation such as doctors, nurses, homeopaths, ayurvedic practitioners, medical assistants, traditional and faith healers and the like. These were grouped and the final categories of health workers included allopathic physicians, AYUSH practitioners, nurses and midwives, dentists, pharmacists, others (including the paramedical support staff) and other practitioners of traditional medicine[9]. The category of nurses and midwifes was grouped together as their NOC codes suggested overlapping job functions. Similarly, it is possible that traditional birth attendants are subsumed under midwifes because the NOC codes do not distinguish between the two.
Because workforce information from the Census and the NSS is based on occupation self-reports, it is susceptible to unqualified providers being counted as qualified ones. To adjust for this, data from the NSS, which collected information on both occupation and technical education (degree or diploma/certificate in medicine) and general education, was used to calculate the proportion of qualified health workers and this fraction was then applied to the Census estimates. For instance, a person classified as an allopathic doctor was considered qualified if they either had a technical degree or post-graduate diploma/certificate in medicine. Persons classified as nurses and midwives were considered qualified if they had any technical education in medicine or if they possessed a diploma/certificate.
To make the Census and NSS estimates temporally comparable, the average annual population growth rate between 1991 and 2001 Census was used to upwardly adjust the 2001 Census estimates to 2005.
Size and compositionb
There are 4.9 nurses and 2.5 midwifes per 10 000 population. This translates to 1.6 nurses and midwifes per allopathic physician. After adjusting for unqualified workers, the nurse density reduces to 1.7 and the midwife to 0.6 per 10 000 population making the nurse-doctor ratio as low as 0.5.
Health workforce estimates presented here do not include community workers, although these are intended in part to address the low access to more qualified workers. The Census and NSS, which classify health workers based on international occupation codes, do not have separate classification codes for community health workers. At the time of the 2001 Census and the 2004/2005 NSS, Accredited Social Health Activists' (ASHA) were not yet introduced into the workforce. Under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) the Government will add more than five hundred thousand ASHAs to the health workforce[10]. Further, nearly one million community workers for the Integrated Child Development Scheme[11] are also not included in the health workforce estimates. Both these groups of health workers would add a significant number to the health workforce, especially in rural areas. The inclusion of community workers would increase the size of the health workforce in India by nearly 80%.
Workforce density and health
Higher per capita state spending on health, workforce density and health appear to be associated. In general, states with higher per capita health spending have higher workforce density and better health outcomes. Again, Goa with higher government spending on health has a higher health worker density and substantially lower infant mortality compared to states such as Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. This is expected since the majority of state health spending is on workforce salaries.
Discussion and conclusion
In many developing countries such as India, policy makers lack basic information on the health workforce which handicaps effective planning and management. Building a reliable and comprehensive information system will require fundamental changes in the scope and manner in which workforce data are collected. Some of these changes are relatively easy to implement; for example, maintaining live registers for different cadres of health workers. Other measures such as registering unqualified health workers are more challenging but vital to be able to better regulate health providers. The level at which workforce information is collected is also important. Current routine sources of workforce information are typically available only at the state level. Disaggregating this information to the district level will make it considerably more useful for resource management for several reasons. India has large districts with considerable variation in population and geography between districts within states. Further, health systems planning is now done upwards from the district level which makes it important to have reliable information on health workers in a district.
Information contained in non-routine information sources can provide a rich and comprehensive description of the health workforce. This study illustrates the use of the Census and household surveys for this purpose. Comparisons between the NSS and Census indicate that the latter has good validity. Because of the opaque way in which professional councils in India count health workers it is not possible to say anything about the validity of officially reported health workforce estimates.
The Census results paint a dismal picture of the health workforce landscape. For one, there is an overall deficit in the number of qualified health workers; the estimated density of allopathic physicians, nurses and midwifes (13.4) in 2005 was about half of the WHO benchmark of 22.8 workers of these categories per 10 000 population associated with achieving 80% deliveries attended by skilled personnel in cross-country comparisons[12]. When adjusted for possible inclusion of unqualified providers, the level may be as low as one fourth of the WHO benchmark. This highlights both the deficit of qualified health workers in India's health sector as well as the large number of unqualified health workers operating in the workforce, particularly in rural and poor urban areas.
The geographic mal-distribution of the health workforce in India is another cause for concern. States with poor health indicators tend to have fewer health workers. While several factors drive health outcomes, having few health workers profoundly influences the ability of the health systems to deliver preventive and curative services. The large disparity in workforce density between urban and rural areas is alarming. This rural shortage is due to a lack of qualified health workers in both the public and private sector. The rural deficit indicates the difficulty rural Indians face in accessing health care from qualified health workers and their reliance on unqualified providers. Further, efforts to increase the coverage and quality of health services in rural areas are also severely constrained by the lack of qualified health workers thereby providing lucrative opportunities for unqualified providers to fill this need. This is further compounded by a lack of regulation provided by the government and professional bodies which play a poor role in regulating even qualified health workers[13].
The reasons behind the geographic mal-distribution of qualified health workers need to be better understood through focused research on the supply side (e.g., production capacity of health workers) and the demand side (e.g., incentives to recruit and retain, institutional factors and policy environment) factors[14–17]. The large urban bias in the distribution of qualified health workers can be addressed by changing the incentive environment in which health workers operate. For this, a better understanding of the effectiveness of, and experimentation with, different strategies to attract and retain health workers in rural areas is necessary. Several of these experiments are currently underway in different states in India and these should be closely watched; they represent local solutions to a national problem.
Findings from this study also draw attention to the sub-optimal mix of health workers in the workforce - the nurse-doctor ratio in India is heavily skewed in favour of doctors. Having similar number of nurses and physicians is widely seen internationally as a significant imbalance in the human resource skill mix. In comparison, countries like the United States of America and the United Kingdom have nurse-physician ratios of 3 and 5, respectively[1]. According to the 1993 World Development Report, as a rule of thumb, the ratio of nurses to doctors should exceed 2:1 as a minimum with 4:1 or higher considered more satisfactory for cost-effective and quality care[18]. The limited presence of nurses in India's health workforce is a reflection of the poor representation of female health workers, particularly doctors, in the workforce. This underrepresentation of women indicates forgone opportunities for women to participate in the health workforce and will likely have an effect on the uptake of maternal health services, particularly in rural areas.
Nurses and other mid-level cadres of health workers can deliver many of the basic clinical and public health services, particularly at the community level, at a lower cost than trained physicians. Further, such cadres are likely to be more amenable to join government service, as nurses in India are (see Figure6), and more easily placed in underserved areas. Already in two states (Chhattisgarh and Assam), non-physician clinicians have been deployed to address the rural health worker deficit. The use of such cadres to deliver certain basic clinical services offers a way of reducing the substantial doctor deficit in rural India.
The estimates derived from the Census closely match those from the NSS, thereby suggesting that the Census estimates have good validity. However, the accuracy of workforce information from non-routine sources such as the Census and household surveys can be improved in several ways. For one, information on self-reported occupations should be crosschecked with the reported educational qualifications. This helps in separating out qualified and less qualified health workers and produces more reliable estimates for both. Secondly, the current classification codes used in the census are not sensitive enough to detect some health worker cadres such as community health workers, traditional birth attendants and community based nutrition workers. With India investing in these types of health workers in a major way, enumerating them is all the more important.
a The term RMP comes from the registration decades ago of non-physician providers with limited or in some cases no qualifications. Despite changes in the regulations, today most RMPs are not "registered" nor recognized, yet the term persists.
b Estimates presented in this section do not distinguish between qualified and unqualified health workers, unless specifically stated.
Authors' Affiliations
- World Health Organization: Working Together for Health – World Health Report 2006, in World Health Report. 2006, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health OrganizationGoogle Scholar
- Joint Learning Initiative: Human Resources for Health – Overcoming the Crisis. 2004, Boston, USA: Joint Learning Initiative, Harvard University and World Health OrganizationGoogle Scholar
- Anand S, Barnighausen T: Human resources and health outcomes: cross-country econometric study. Lancet. 2004, 364: 1603-1609. 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17313-3.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Government of India: National Occupational Classification. Available from: http://dget.nic.in/nco/jobdescription/welcome.html
- Rao KD, Bhatnagar A, Berman P: India Health Beat, Volume 1. India's health workforce: size, composition and distribution. Edited by: Forgia J, Rao KD. 2009, World Bank, New Delhi and Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, 3-Google Scholar
- Banerjee A, Deaton A, Duflo E: Wealth, health, and health services in rural Rajasthan. Am Econ Rev. 2004, 94: 326-330. 10.1257/0002828041301902.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- World Health Organization: Not Enough Here… Too Many There – Health Workforce in India. 2007, New Delhi, India: World Health Organization, Country Office for IndiaGoogle Scholar
- 8. Census of India: Census of India, G.o.I. 2001, New Delhi,http://www.censusindia.gov.in,Google Scholar
- Rao KD, Bhatnagar A, Berman P, Saran I, Raha S: India's Health Workforce: Size, Composition and Distribution. HRH Technical Report #1. 2008, Public Health Foundation of India and the World Bank, New Delhi, India, Accessed from http://www.hrhindia.org/assets/images/Paper-I.pdf Google Scholar
- Government of India: Accredited Social Health Activists. 2007, New Delhi: National Rural Health Mission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of IndiaGoogle Scholar
- Government of India: Integrated Child Development Scheme. 2007, New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of IndiaGoogle Scholar
- Anand S, Barnighausen T: Health workers and vaccination coverage in developing countries: an econometric analysis. Lancet. 2007, 369: 1277-1285. 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60599-6.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Rao M, Rao KD, Kumar AK, Chatterjee M, Sundararaman T: Human resources for health in India. Lancet. 2011, 377: 587-598. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61888-0.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Berman P, Raha S, Rao KD: India Health Beat, Volume 1. Tackling health human resource challenges in India: Initial observations for setting priorities for action. Edited by: Forgia J, Rao KD. 2009, World Bank, New Delhi and Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, 1-Google Scholar
- Raha S, Berman P, Bhatnagar A: India Health Beat, Volume 1. Career preferences of medical and nursing students in Uttar Pradesh. Edited by: Forgia J, Rao KD. 2009, World Bank, New Delhi and Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, 6-Google Scholar
- Rao KD, Ramani S, Murthy S, Hazarika I, Khandpur N, Chokshi M, Khanna S, Vujicic M, Berman P, Ryan M: Health worker attitudes toward rural service in India: Results from Qualitative Research. 2010, HNP Discussion Paper. Washington DC: The World BankGoogle Scholar
- Raha S, Berman P, Bhatnagar A: India Health Beat, Volume 1. Some priority challenges in the nursing sector in India. Edited by: Forgia J, Rao KD. 2009, World Bank, New Delhi and Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, 5-Google Scholar
- World Bank: World Development Report. 1993, Washington DC, USA: World BankGoogle Scholar
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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'Diet is global food policy's elephant in the room'
Global food policy needs to shift way from focusing on feeding people calories to nourishing people with healthy diets, say leading experts.
They state that poor diets were responsible for more of the global health burden than sex, drugs, alcohol and tobacco combined.
While almost 800 million people are hungry, they say two billion people are either overweight or obese.
Their comments have been published in the journal Nature.
One of the experts, Lawrence Haddad, executive director of the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (Gain), said the need to address the problem of global hungry remained but poor diets was a much bigger problem.
"It is one that we are blind to," explained Mr Haddad.
"We estimate that on-in-three people have really poor diets," he told BBC News.
"This is causing a whole host of malnutrition problems that has massive health consequences as well as economic consequences.
"We are saying to people, especially policymakers and research funders, we now need to move away from a world thinking about malnutrition as hunger but to think of it as hunger and poor quality of diet.
"Instead of feeding the world, we need to think about nourishing the world."
Mr Haddad and colleagues, including former UK government's chief scientific adviser Prof Sir John Beddington, used the commentary in Nature to call for "urgent interdisciplinary research is needed to support concerted policy action".
Eating the planet
In another commentary in Nature, UN goodwill ambassador Pavan Sukhdev and fellow authors highlighted how current production and consumption patterns were not sustainable.
"Food systems are now the source of 60% of terrestrial biodiversity loss, 24% of greenhouse emissions, 33% of soil degradation and 61% of the depletion of commercial fish stocks," they wrote.
"And the increasing homogenisation of food sources worldwide is narrowing the genetic diversity in animals and plants that is crucial to secure human nutritional needs against climatic and other changes."
They add that the agriculture sector was a globally significant player economically, employing about 1.3 billion people.
"Small-scale agriculture provides subsistence, employment and most of the food directly consumed by urban residents throughout the developing world," they observed.
They warned that current metrics for agriculture did not take into account the sector's costs and benefits.
"The emphasis on yields or profits per hectare is as reductive and distorting as is gross domestic product, with its disregard for social and natural capital," they wrote.
"Food metrics must be urgently overhauled or the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will never be achieved."
Adopted in September 2015, the UN SDGs replaced the international Millennium Development Goals and included targets to end world hunger, and improve wellbeing and health of the global population.
Diet data
Mr Haddad said that improving "food metrics" would be one of the first things he would look to improve in order to shift global food policy on to a sustainable footing.
"Diet data is abominable," he said.
"We only have a clue that our diets are so terrible is because of the outcomes, because there is so much micronutrient malnutrition and calorie deficiency, and obesity.
"We have some diet data and it does not tell us a great story."
He added: "If policymakers are really going to figure out what is going to be the first, second or third thing they are going to do then they are going to need some good data to carry out some diagnostic work."
Writing in Nature, Mr Haddad and his colleagues said: "Policymakers urgently need to recognise that diets are compromising economic productivity and well-being as never before. Delegates to the upcoming G20 and G7 meetings in 2017 should take collective responsbility for fixing our failing food system."


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- This event has passed.
Free Movie Nights: Alfred Hitchcock's Scariest Films
October 3, 2018 @ 5:30 pm - 8:00 pm
One event on October 17, 2018 at 5:30pm
One event on October 24, 2018 at 5:30pm
One event on October 31, 2018 at 5:30pm
Free Movie Nights: Alfred Hitchcock's Scariest Films, hosted by Marc Strauss
Wednesdays in October
5:30 pm
The Provincetown Public Library welcomes the community to participate in the Alfred Hitchcock's Scariest Films Series screened at the Provincetown Public Library during the month of October. This line-up of films has been curated and will be hosted by Marc Strauss, Professor Emeritus, Holland School of Visual Performing Arts, Southeast Missouri State University. Each program will include a short introduction and a brief discussion after the film. The films start at 5:30 pm and will be shown in the following order:
1. October 3: Shadow of a Doubt (1943; 1 hour, 48 minutes)—Starring Joseph Cotten at his most despicable, a young and charming Teresa Wright figures out almost too late his murderous secret. Hitch's favorite among his own films, the director brought danger back to where it should occur—in the home.
2. October 10: Rear Window (1954; 1 hour, 52 minutes)—A wheelchair-bound James Stewart, true love Grace Kelly, and masseuse Thelma Ritter aren't quite sure until almost too late if their neighbor across the courtyard (a pre-Perry Mason Raymond Burr) is a murderer.
3. October 17: Psycho (1960; 1 hour, 44 minutes)—Norman Bates (Anthony Perkins) takes care of his "mother" in a creaky old Victorian house as bodies begin to pile up. The prototype for horror films, Hitchcock wouldn't allow people to come into the theater after it started.
4. October 24: The Birds (1963; 1 hour, 49 minutes)—Tippi Hedren, Rod Taylor, and mankind's feathered "friends" star in this environmental apocalyptic warning.
5. October 31: Frenzy (1972; 1 hour, 56 minutes)—Hitchcock's penultimate film recounts the story of a serial killer who hides in plain daylight. A very black comedy AND gruesome character study penned by Anthony Shaffer (Sleuth).


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Charles H. Toliver, IV is a former two-term Judge of the Delaware Superior Court, having been appointed in 1990 as an Associate Judge by Governor Michael N. Castle, and reappointed in 2002 in that capacity by Governor Thomas R. Carper. During his 24 years on the bench, Judge Toliver presided over numerous significant civil and criminal cases. As a member of Morris James' ADR Practice, Judge Toliver focuses his practice on civil, corporate and domestic relations mediation, arbitration and case analysis.
Judge Toliver formerly served as Assistant City Solicitor for the City of Wilmington from 1975 to 1978. From 1978 until his appointment to the Superior Court, he was engaged in the private practice of law with Leonard L. Williams & Associates and Biggs & Battalgia, both in Wilmington. Judge Toliver has also served as an instructor at the University of Delaware and Delaware State University.
He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Lincoln Club of Delaware and the Greater Wilmington Convention and Visitors Bureau. He is also a former Chairman of the Wilmington Housing Authority and has served as a member of the Delaware Public Employment Relations Board, the Delaware Violent Crimes Compensation Board, the Wilmington Pension Arbitration Board, and St. Anthony's Community Center. In 2003, Judge Toliver was appointed as one of the two representatives from the State of Delaware on the Brown v. Board of Education 50th Anniversary National Commission by President Bush. Before being appointed to the Superior Court, he served as Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer of the Delaware State Bar Association and as an associate member of the Board on Professional Responsibility of the Delaware Supreme Court.
Appointed Special Discovery Master in Mechel Bluestone, Inc., et al. v. James C. Justice, Inc., Del. Ch., Civil Action No. 9218-VCL (December 12, 2014)
Appointed Special Discovery Master in ORTHOPHOENIX, LLC V. DFINE, INC., Civil Action No. 13 1003-LPS (D. Del. Apr. 28, 2015)
Professional Affiliations
Delaware State Bar Association
Kappa Alpha Psi, Inc. Fraternity
News & Events
News & Events
- October 22, 2018Delaware Today Magazine November 2018
- August 15, 2018
- November 1, 2017
- August 15, 2017
- April 5, 2017
- December 29, 2016
- Partner Charles H. Toliver, IV Receives the Delaware State Bar Association Outstanding Service to the Courts AwardDecember 14, 2016
- October 24, 2016
- October 11, 2016
- October 26, 2015
- November 17, 2014
- October 21, 2014
- June 1, 2014
Board of Directors, Lincoln Club of Delaware
Board of Directors, Greater Wilmington and Visitors Bureau
Board of Directors, Sojourner's Place
Board of Directors, Brandywine Counseling and Community Services
Board of Directors, Eastside Charter School
Board of Directors, Family Foundations Academy
City of Wilmington Ethics Commission
New Castle County Ethics Commission
Best Lawyers®, 2018-2019
Delaware State Bar Association, Outstanding Service to the Courts Award, 2016
Delaware Today® Top Lawyers, 2014-2018 (Alternative Dispute Resolution)
DSBA Multicultural Judges and Lawyers Section Leadership Award, 2014
Delaware Barristers Association Justice Thurgood Marshall Award, 2014
Practice areas
Supreme Court of the State of Delaware, 1975
U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, 1976
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, 1978
University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, Virginia, J.D, 1975
Hampton Institute, Bachelor of Arts, B.A., 1972
National Judicial College, Reno, Nevada, Certificate of Judicial Development-
General Jurisdiction Trial Skills, 2000


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San Fermín (Running of the Bulls)
|Photo Credit: Steven Gerner
|Photo Credit: 46137
Full Moon Party
|Photo Credit: Jason Persse
When: Held over two weekends in April
Where: Indio, California, U.S.A
Why you should go: Coachella is the ultimate festival for all music lovers out there. Every year in April, Coachella delivers an impressive line-up which boasts the biggest names in hip-hop, rock, indie, pop, and electronic dance music. The festival is also known for its larger than life art installations and sculptures.
La Tomatina
|Photo Credit: Graham McLellan
Where: Bunol, Spain
Why you should go: Ever had the urge to get into a food fight? Make your dreams come true at La Tomatina. Held in the tiny Spanish town of Bunol every August, La Tomatina is a festival dedicated to hurling tomatoes at one another. Over 100 metric tons of over-ripe tomatoes are thrown into the streets making La Tomatina the world's biggest food fight. This week-long celebration also includes music, parades, dancing, and fireworks.
Boryeong Mud Festival
Burning Man
|Photo Credit: Ed Johnson
|Photo Credit: Prefeitura de Olinda
|Photo Credit: Ben Cremin
|Photo Credit: John Shedrick


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Qualified, eligible new Technician employees can receive a sign-on Bonus up to $5000.00 based on skill level.
A Service Technician is responsible for the actual service and/or repair of vehicles assigned to him or her by service management or their designated representatives.
The Technician will perform diagnostic tests using multiple systems to identify vehicle operational problems. The use of specialized test equipment is essential to isolate the possible cause(s) of vehicular problems. The Technician will make vehicular repairs to correct the diagnosed problems and return the vehicle to top operating efficiency.
The Technician must possess a very high degree of hand-eye coordination to complete the designated vehicular repair. The Technician must be capable of performing all work with care and diligence to avoid additional damage to the customer's vehicle.
The Technician must be able to use a computer and instruction manuals to identify vehicular components/parts and to identify and follow manufacturer's specifications for the completion of vehicular repairs.
Qualification Criteria:


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About Us
Dome Tours International was established in 2002 as a labour of love by a small group of Muslims who sought to serve pilgrims traveling to Makkah. Read More
Since then, it has built its reputation as a leading Hajj & Umrah service provider by helping thousands realise their dreams of a comfortable pilgrimage. A sincere, hardworking and innovative style has become the mark of Dome Tours, attracting hundreds every year to the annual Hajj.
A few years after offering a Hajj service, customers began to approach the company for Umrah leading onto tours, holidays, flights and hotels. Since then, the company has grown from strength to strength and despite its expansion and gradual growth, the principle of serving one's customer with sincerity and empathy remains deeply embedded across the team and the company's ethos.
We understand every person is different and that is why Dome Tours also offers unique, tailor-made packages aimed at organisations, businesses, families and individuals allowing people to experience travel suitable to their needs. Having developed an extensive portfolio of travel options to destinations in the Middle East, the Holy Mosques, Europe, Africa and the Far East, the company facilitates travel to some of the most sacred and desired places in the world.
By blending comfort with convenience, our accommodation includes a choice of hotel standards suited to all, whilst ensuring adequate facilities for those with specific needs. This is inclusive of flights from a number of airports.
These services have been developed and refined to allow each person to experience the most exhilarating journey the Dome Tours way. We are large enough to manage the most demanding multi-national companies, and yet small enough to provide a personalised, bespoke service.
Dome Tours provides protection and confidence every traveller deserves. Our commitment to excellent customer service ensures we provide people with accurate and responsible travel guidance before their departure and for every destination. The company holds several sector licenses and memberships which fulfill the requirements of being a reputable travel agent within the industry, including:
- IATA Approved Agency
- ATOL (Air Travel Organisers License) granted by the Civil Aviation Authority
- ABTA (Association of British Travel Agents)
- Approved Hajj Ministry Agent


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Sure, Kermit the Frog of "The Muppets" sang about it years ago, but the phrase and commitment to the environment has been taken seriously by many companies, especially n the automotive industry.
The main culprit – so heinous that it was even outlawed in Concord, Mass. within a year or so: plastic beverage bottles.
Reversing the trend to dislike when they're discarded, Ford instead uses 25 20-ounce plastic bottles to produce the carpeting in its Escape. It's the first time that Ford has used this type of carpeting in an SUV.
"It's a good use of recycled product and keeps it out of landfills," said Laura Sinclair, Ford engineer and mother of two young boys whose job is to make sure all materials meet Ford durability standards.
Other important facts, according to Ford:
- Total all-time sales of the next-generation Escape through June of this year were about 277,000. Multiply that number by 25, the number of bottles used in the carpeting, and you get 6,925,200 bottles potentially diverted from landfills. That's right: nearly 7 million
- The environmental news potentially gets even better because Escape is one of Ford's best-selling vehicles. In fact, 156,626 Escapes had been sold this year alone through the end of June.
- If that rate continues, that means nearly an additional 1.5 million bottles potentially could be diverted from landfills, bringing the total to more than 8 million bottles
All materials have to pass extensive durability tests. Sinclair and her team look for "chalking," which appears if the fibers degrade and mash themselves into a white residue as they break apart. Chalking is a precursor to a hole forming in the carpet. "The discoloration is one of the first signs of wear, and of course something the customer will see right away," said Sinclair.
Adding more plastic bottles to the mix reduces wear on the carpet. "The polyester fibers created from beverage bottles make up a nonwoven carpet material," said Sinclair.
Further reducing wear is a new cast foam that backs the carpeting. This also contributes to NVH, reducing road noise while filling in ridges for a smoother backing and overall customer perception.


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Personalised Number Plate InformationAll the information you need to buy or sell your registration number
Number Plates
Number Plates
Each number plate has 1, 2 or 3 letters and one or more numbers. Number plates listed here have recently been sold but we have many similar numbers. Please call us or visit our main number plate website
Number plate results shown. If you want to go to our main website you can use our reg plate search facility.
Regplates have over 99% of all available number plates available to buy online 24 hours a day. We are members of MIRAD, APRT & CNG trade dealers associations.
All number plates are transferred in accordance with the DVLA.
Number Plates Recently Sold Search - GTM registrations
The following number plates are based on GTM number plates
Our team of trained personalised number plate staff will professionally handle your transfer as swiftly as possible with all paperwork change over handled for you including the V5, tax disc and MOT certificate. We offer advice without technical 'jargon', and are always competitive on price.
If you are looking to sell a private plate, our personalised registration plates valuations department can give you an accurate market value on your registration number by post or by e-mail.
Personalised Cherished Number Plates
Since their humble beginning in 1903, cherished numbers have continued to increase in popularity often adding the finishing touch to our prized possessions and very often prove to be a valuable investment.
The First Number Plate Ever Issued
A1 assigned in 1903
The Motor Car Act 1903, which came into force on 1 January 1904, required all motor vehicles to be entered on an official vehicle register, and to carry number plates. The Act was passed in order that vehicles could be easily traced in the event of an accident or contravention of the law. Vehicle registration number plates in the UK are rectangular or square in shape, with the exact permitted dimensions of the plate and its lettering set down in law.
You can find out where your personalised registration number plate was originally issued here.
T'S happened again – and set a record: Someone paid $745,000 for the numerical NSW plate '29', eclipsing the previous auction record of $689,000 paid for NSW '2' back in 2003.
It also set an Australian auction record for a double-digit number plate, topping the $530,000 paid for the Victorian plate '21' at Shannons Melbourne Winter Auction last July.
Other strong number plate sales were $82,000 paid for NSW '9191' and $35,000 for NSW '85758', taking total sales on the night for the six heritage plates on offer to $956,000.
Classic motorcycles were also hot property, topped by $37,000 paid for an 'as new' 1975 Norton Commando Mk3 850cc with just 29km delivery on its odometer, and a 1950s Austin J40 pedal car sold for $9300.
Other impressive results from the auction included a restored 1964 Porsche 356C Coupe which went for $137,000, a restored 1949 48-215 'FX' Holden which commanded $46,000, a 1962 MGA 1600 sports car fetched $52,000 and a stately and exceptionally low mileage Mercedes-Benz 300B 'Adenauer' limousine first owned by the Victa lawnmower family sold for $50,000.
As well, a superbly-restored 1970 Ford XY Falcon GT sedan sold for $180,000.
Other News:
A shortage of vehicle number plates has hit the Kenyan market, causing a backlog in the clearance of cars at Mombasa port.
The National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA) attributed the shortage that started two weeks ago to increased registration of cars that has outpaced supply of number plates.
"Demand is far much higher than supply. There are just too many vehicles being imported into the country, especially second-hand cars," NTSA director of registration and licensing.
She added that the supply issue will ease after Kamiti Maximum Security Prison, where the number plates are manually made, increases supply.
The law mandates the prisons department to make the plates.
Official data shows that Kenyans bought 15,858 used vehicles in the first quarter of the year, compared to 14,346 units in a similar period of last year, representing a 10.5 per cent growth.
It is mandatory for imported second hand vehicles to be fitted with number plates before leaving the port.
The country imports about 6,000 second hand cars monthly, according to dealers.
Dealers said that the shortage had hit them hard as they were forced to incur storage charges at the port amid cash flow hiccups due to delays as some had taken loans.
"We are incurring heavy storage charges as the cars are detained at the port despite having paid duty and customs clearance cash in advance," said Charles Munyori, the secretary-general of Kenya Auto Bazaar Association, a lobby for second hand car dealers.
The storage charges are based on the volume of vehicles and the number of days they take at the Mombasa port or at container freight stations.
Industry insiders, however, said the number plate problem normally occurs every time a new registration number comes up as importers delay registration to take advantage of the newest numbers.
The first series of number plates were issued in 1903 and ran until 1932, using the series A 1 to YY 9999. The letter or pair of letters indicated the local authority in whose area the vehicle was registered, for example A - London, B - Lancashire, C - West Riding of Yorkshire. In England and Wales the letter codes were initially allocated in order of population size (by the 1901 census) whilst Scotland and Ireland had their own sequences incorporating the letters S and I respectively, which were allocated alphabetically: IA = Antrim, IB = Armagh, etc. When a licensing authority reached 9999, it was allocated another two letter mark, but there was no pattern to these subsequent allocations as they were allocated on a first come first served basis. There are three interesting anomalies where a zero has been issued - The Lord Provost of Edinburgh has S 0 and his Glasgow counterpart has G 0 while the official car of the Lord Provost of Aberdeen has RG 0. In addition the Lord Mayor of London has the registration LB 0.
Would you like your birthday, wedding, graduation or employment day reflected on your car plate? It's possible.
Dubai's Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has launched a new phase called of 'Your Memorable Moments on Your Vehicle's Plate' initiative for U-Coded plates. The initiative avails the opportunity for customers to choose five-digit plates bearing this code personalised to resemble important events in their lives such as birthday, employment, wedding and graduation day, among others, according to the RTA.
The available numbers relate to the period from 1967 to 2017. The cost of the special plate is Dh1,620 each and customers can buy their number plates from RTA Customers Happiness Centres all over Dubai, service providers, strategic partners, RTA website (www.rta.ae), or the smart app 'Drivers & Vehicles.'
"This stage fits well with the intention of adding to people's happiness in Ramadan and the joyous Eid al-Fitr," said Sultan Al Marzouqi, director of vehicles licensing at RTA's Licensing Agency.
The Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has launched a new phase of 'Your Memorable Moments on Your Vehicle's Plate' initiative for U-Coded plates. The initiative avails the opportunity for customers to choose five-digit plates bearing this code personalised to resemble important events in their lives such as birthday, employment day, wedding day, and graduation day, among others. The available numbers relate to the period from 1967 to 2017. Customers can buy their number plates from Customers Happiness Centres all over Dubai, service providers, strategic partners, RTA website (www.rta.ae), or the smart app 'Drivers & Vehicles.' This stage fits well with the intention of adding to people's happiness in Ramadan and the joyous Eid al-Fitr.
Sultan Al Marzouqi, Director of Vehicles Licensing, RTA's Licensing Agency, said: "The U Code number plates bearing dates from 1967 to 2017 will be issued, once available on the list of plates in RTA's website. The total cost of the plate is AED1620. Customers can buy their number plates from Customers Happiness Centres all over Dubai, service providers, strategic partners, RTA website (www.rta.ae), or the smart app 'Drivers & Vehicles'. This stage fits well with the intention of adding to people's happiness in Ramadan and the joyous Eid al-Fitr.
"This phase, of 'Your Memorable Moments on Your Vehicle's Plate' initiative, follows the remarkable turnout seen by previous phases of Code "S" and "T" for the dates from 1981 to 1998. This initiative reflects the core role of RTA in providing new and premium services to raise customers' satisfaction and happiness through engaging them in selecting personalised & important numbers for their vehicle plates," concluded Al Marzouqi.
DE51YRE private number plate for sale
DE51 YRE registration available through Image Marks with £500 discount available in January only. Call 01482 627 628 and speak to one of our team.
More great offers available at www.regplates.com
Record numbers of motorists are driving cars fitted with personalised numberplates amid a surge in "auto vanity".
The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency sold a record 374,968 registrations last year, up 12 per cent in 12 months and almost five times the total in the mid-90s.
The trade in numberplates made more than £110 million for the Treasury in 2016-17 alone, a record annual total.
The rise coincides with an increase in the number of registrations made available by the DVLA, combined with a sharp rise in the value of rare plates over the past two decades.
In an era when we're all supposed to be flaunting our individuality, the trend for personalised car number plates has apparently never been higher. The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA), which sells new and never-issued registrations, sold 374,968 last year, an increase of 12%.
Among private dealers, who sell pre-owned plates, business is just as good.
"For the past five years, [the market has] been steadily rising." It is thought one reason is a personalised plate makes the age of the car less obvious. But he also says social media has played a huge part. "It's, 'Hey, everybody, look at me'," he says.
People post pictures of their new cars on Instagram, and adding a private plate "seems to be something that people can use to boost their social media reach".
At the entry-level end of the market, "registrations that start at £250, on average there are 800 of those sold every day." He says one fairly common customer is the parent who buys a personalised plate for their child on passing their driving test, to go with a new car. "My typical client would be someone in their 40s or 50s, they've got a bit of money sitting about and always fancied a personalised number plate."
At the extreme end, plates can fetch more than £500,000. In 2014, one classic-car dealer bought a "25 O" plate, reportedly for his Ferrari 250 GTO, for £400,000 (the final price, including fees, was £518,000) and a "250 L" for £130,000.
"The numbers that were selling for £1,000 in 1980 now sell for £150,000. What probably changed it was in the late 80s, when the government started to sell numberplates. We in the trade all thought it would devalue the numbers, but it didn't, it just got more people interested."
A personalised plate is "a prestigious thing. There's a little bit of vanity about it," says Saperia. As for those of us who believe it's the mark of a bit of a berk, Saperia points out that the DVLA's sale of personalised plates "bring more than £100m every year to the treasury".
A NUMBER plate sold to raise money for Tatton Park has fetched a world record price of £331,500 at auction.
The M1 registration mark was bought by an anonymous north west-based bidder - for his six-year-old son's birthday.
Officials at auctioneers Bonhams and Tatton Park were stunned by the final selling price for the unique plate, which quickly reached and overtook the previous world record.
And they were even more amazed to learn that the owner is a boy who cannot legally drive for another 11 years.
The youngster is the son of a wealthy Cheshire businessman who refused to reveal himself and made his bids by phone.
Established For Over 25 Years
the Cherished Numbers Guild
Our service
- Free transfer service - your paperwork is handled by our trained team
- Over 25 years expertise - long established and trusted company
- DVLA Recognised Reseller - linked directly from the DVLA website
- DVLA Registered Number Plate Supplier - in line with all DVLA & MOT regulations


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Dear White Writers That Choose to Depict Asians In Their Works,
Now, I'm a reader, and I love reading English-language books with Asians in them. Since they're so hard to come by, whenever I find a book with Asians in it, they almost always get top priority in my reading list. Writers like you who choose to make the attempt to have diversity in their work by having an Asian character in the cast give me hope that someday I might, you know, see more Asian representation in the world of Novels and less white-washed casts as defaults in the story.
However, there's these three words that I am finding extremely common in books written by White authors when describing their Asian character of choice:
Almond-shaped eyes.
Okay, first up, my eyes are not fucking almonds. They're not little pieces of edible nuts you can chew on for a fucking snack. They aren't food. And what is with this blanket term "Almond-shaped eyes" to allude to your Asian character's Asian-ness? For one thing, not all eye shapes of Asian look the same! I know, this may be a shocking revelation to you, but they aren't and whenever I see this term being used to describe the Asian character, it kind of makes me think that you have never talked or interacted with an Asian person in any real way in your entire life. Either that, or you're just being lazy and copying this commonly used terminology as a blanket term to describe all Asian facial features. Both these reasons don't exactly make me appreciate or respect you as a writer.
FYI, This is not to discourage white writers from choosing to depict Asian characters! Please, do carry on in your attempts. But maybe next time you might want to consider doing a bit of research. Take a good hard look at the Asian population. And maybe then you might get into your head that Asian eyes are not almonds. Even if you think Asian eyes somehow do equate to almonds, just, pretend you aren't an ignorant sod and don't use the term anyway. I cannot and will not speak for all Asians, but I personally find it offensive and it's slowly becoming one of those buttons where once I see it, I'm put off from finishing the whole thing.
Ah Yuan aka wingstodust
My Giveaway + Announcements
*My first manga review for Natsume Yuujinchou V.1 - please let me know what you think
Friday, December 11, 2009
Open Letter From a Very Annoyed Asian Reader
5 comments:
- ninefly said...
Kang Ji-Hwan! \8D/
hmm, I thought ALL eyes were shaped like almonds, pointy at the edges and round in the middle? lol
unless there are Asian-specific almonds(??)
still, there are skinny almonds and fat almonds, though a lot of white male actors have skinny almond eyes too? =T
it's like saying "he has a nose! he uses it to breathe!", makes them sound stupid XD;
I get why you're angry, but seriously, if I wanna see asian characters, I'll resort to asian media (ex. Kang Ji-Hwan)
- Dec 11, 2009, 9:53:00 PM
- Ah Yuan // wingstodust said...
KJH~~~ Be in a new drama/movie already so I can drool all over you~~ *is bricked*
This is one of those things where normally I'm like, "again? meh" and move on with my life, but my gawd, THREE BOOKS IN A ROW?! For real!? I just, I exploded. Like seriously, it's like their codeword or something for them wanting to say 'Asian eyes' but don't dare say it outright or something or they're just too brain-dead to use another description. It's to the point where I'm like please, BE MORE CREATIVE.
lol well, I do think there is a different between seeing Asians from the "sourceland", and seeing Asians as a minority in a "Western" world, and how I look and identify with the Diaspora Asians more than I would with the Asians sourcelanders, but I get this feeling I talked to you about this aspect of me already so I'll just shut up to avoid repeating myself. xD;;
- Dec 11, 2009, 10:14:00 PM
- Sapphire Pyro said...
I am not familiar with that asian celebrity . . . but he looks hott~
ah, perhaps that's they're asian stereotype? They are perhaps not that aware of the variations of asians. Get a Chinese, Iranian, and Malaysian . . . they all look different, but they're all Asians! . . . but hhhmm . . . I'm not sure where the almond-shaped thing came from . . .
- Dec 12, 2009, 7:09:00 AM
- MissAttitude said...
Arghhh that's so frustrating! At my old school I'd never met an Asian person (all white school), but once in high school I did and they;re eyes arne't almond shaped! Don't compare eyes to foods, especailly nuts. It's a bit odd. although (I hope this doesn't sound offesive and feel free to rant if it does offend) but I think Asian eyes are beuatiful, I LOVE their shape and I don't fully understand why Asian women get the fold surgery (I read the book The Fold by An Na and it helped explain things, but it was just a decent read).
I recommend you read She's So Money by Cherry Cheva, Good Enough by Paula Yoo, Ash by Malinda Lo and The Great Call of China by Cynthia Liu (I haven't read this one yet, but I own it and it looks good) for some good fiction with Asian main characters.
I defintiely co sign this letter!
- Dec 12, 2009, 10:15:00 PM
- Doret said...
Have you read any of the Gilda Joyce mysteries. That is some serious MG fun right there. I love me some Gilda Joyce.
Gilda's best friend is Chinese. Wendy Cho. She plays a big part in the third book. Though you should enjoy this series and their friendship from the beginning.
And the author never says anything about Almond eyes or eyes period.
- Dec 21, 2009, 11:05:00 PM


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text: The 8 Photography Styles You Need to Know\\nTilt-shift? Holga? Bokeh? No, we're not speaking a foreign language—these terms actually describe some of the hottest trends in wedding photography. Consult our glossary and, if you like what you see, discuss the possibilities with your photographer.\\n__ENHANCED COLOR__\\n\\n__What it is:__ A series of color layers and faded washes \\"painted\\" onto the image in postproduction to highlight certain tones and de-emphasize others\\n\\n__Medium:__ Digital\\n__ENHANCED COLOR__\\n\\n__Good for:__ Creating romantic and whimsical engagement and wedding portraits and enhancing \\"action\\" shots of dancing guests\\n__ENHANCED COLOR__\\n\\n__From the photographer:__ \\"To enhance a visually interesting image in postproduction, I can sometimes spend an hour or so on a single photo, adjusting the hues to create the style and feel of the wedding or engagement session,\\" says W. Scott Chester.\\n__VINTAGE PROCESS__\\n\\n__What it is:__ An effect created in postproduction that adds milky, washed-out tones (of red or yellow to the photograph\\n\\n__Medium:__ Digital\\n\\n__Good for:__ Getting dreamy, nostalgic-looking engagement and wedding portraits and first-dance shots (think: your great-aunt's 1960s-era wedding album)\\n\\n__From the photographer:__ \\"For a while, a 'vintage' wedding meant photographing engagement photos at a county fair and floral centerpieces in mason jars,\\" says Christine Farah. \\"But now couples are taking a less literal approach and simply want to add warmer tones and retro colors in postproduction for a more modern interpretation of 'vintage'-looking photos.\\"\\n__FUJI INSTANT PRINTS__\\n\\n__What it is:__ An instant black-and-white print à la classic Polaroids (plus a negative for later production)\\n\\n__Medium:__ Film\\n\\n__Good for:__ Printing retro, grainless snapshots of intimate moments such as the first dance or candids of guests at the tables\\n\\n__From the photographer:__ \\"Because everyone is so used to digital photography these days, they've forgotten about Fuji instant prints,\\" says Jonathan Canlas. \\"But guests love it when I bring out an instant camera at weddings—especially because they can take a print home.\\"\\n__TEXTURE PROCESS__\\n\\n__What it is:__ A combination of postproduction effects that shift color and tone in the image to create a grainier texture, mimicking the warmth and complexity of film photography\\n\\n__Medium:__ Digital\\n\\n__Good for:__ Turning any wedding moment into a grainy, moody, artistic photo\\n\\n__From the photographer:__ \\"I create a 1970s-era nostalgia with this texture effect,\\" says Noa Azoulay-Sclater of Feather Love Photography. \\"I'm influenced by artists from that time period, including everything from album covers to photographer William Eggleston, which my clients—often artistic types themselves—similarly relate to.\\"\\n__TILT-SHIFT LENS__\\n\\n__What it is:__ An outgrowth of architecture photography, the tilt-shift lens creates a narrow area of focus by blurring out the rest of the image\\n\\n__Medium:__ Film\\n__TILT-SHIFT LENS__\\n\\n__Good for:__ Achieving a hazy, deliberately abstract look for both wide and detail shots, from wedding portraits to still lifes to ceremony overviews \\n\\n__From the photographer:__ \\"This technique adds a fresh perspective to your images,\\" says Braedon Flynn. \\"But it needs to be done correctly, otherwise it might leave you feeling dizzy.\\"\\n__ANIMATED GIFS__\\n\\n__What it is:__ Multiple frames strung together in postproduction (to create the impression of video-esque movement\\n\\n__Medium:__ Digital\\n\\n__Good for:__ Sharing lighthearted moments, like engagement portraits and the first dance, on your wedding website\\n\\n__From the photographer:__ \\"You'll recognize animated GIFs as those old-fashioned, blinking Internet ads, but now photographers are using them as a way to be more playful with wedding imagery,\\" (says Nate Kaiser of The Image is Found. \\"There's only so much you can do with a still image, so making a GIF allows you to highlight fun interactions with bursts of energy between people.\\"\\n__HEART FILTER__\\n\\n__What it is:__ A black filter that attaches to the lens with a small heart-shaped cutout that affects out-of-focus light (called \\"bokeh\\")\\n\\n__Medium:__ Film and digital\\n\\n__Good for:__ Adding a sweet, personalized touch to night settings, with candlelight or twinkle lights in the background\\n\\n__From the photographer:__ \\"A lot of photo gimmicks can get old quickly, but this one is so subtle that you don't always notice it at first,\\" says Stacy Reeves. \\"Not all photographers use this type of filter, so if a couple wants it for their wedding photos, they should meet (with their photographer and bring an example.\\"\\n__HOLGA CAMERA PRINTS__\\n\\n__What it is:__ A square image with dark edges and corners and sometimes streaks of red light produced by a plastic lo-fi camera that has a cult following among fine art photographers (and hipsters)\\n\\n__Medium:__ Film\\n\\n__Good for:__ Capturing engagement and wedding portraits and shots of the vow exchange that look hip, arty—almost grungy\\n\\n__From the photographer:__ \\"You wouldn't shoot an entire wedding with a Holga,\\" says Braedon Flynn. \\"But it's a way to achieve (a distinctly cool, old-school feel. Sometimes I put a flash on the camera at receptions to replicate that look from Marc Jacobs ads.\\"