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Having problems with your Polaroid i830 Digital Camera ?
Cannot find batteries that work. I have replaced the batteries with different brands and it still wont turn on. What is the problem.... Its not reliable.
Answers :
It is possible that there is a small amount of corrosion on the contacts in the camera. Use the eraser end of a common pencil to clean these contacts. Also, make sure you are using the correct batteries. It shows here that you have the polaroid i830. this camera uses two AA batteries: \015\012Open the battery door, located on the underside of the camera (use your thumb to slide the door outwards). Install the two AA batteries into the battery bay. Install the SD card into the slot located next to the battery bay. Close the battery door.\015\012\015\012\015\012
- \015\012
- \015\012Step2Press the power button located on top of the camera. Locate the "Playback" button on the rear of the camera, under the "W" button; this button switches the camera between "Capture" and "Playback" modes. Set the camera to "Capture" mode.
- \015\012Step3Press the button on the bottom right of the rear of the camera to open the mode selection window. Use the navigation buttons to select "Still Image" mode. Press the button labeled "Set Disp" to confirm your selection.
Repair Help & Product Troubleshooting for Polaroid i830 Digital Camera
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Suggested Questions/Answers :
Cannot find batteries that work. I have replaced the batteries with different brands and it still wont turn on. What is the problem.... Its not reliable.
It is possible that there is a small amount of corrosion on the contacts in the camera. Use the eraser end of a common pencil to clean these contacts. Also, make sure you are using the correct batteries. It shows here that you have the polaroid i8 ... Polaroid i830 Digital Camera
Kodak easyshare z740 shuuter wont work, when i turn the camera on the shutter trys to open and close, it makes a loud buzzing sound while on then it turns off, i have put brand new batteries in and still have the same problem. had to turn it on and off then let it sit for a while, still did the same thing.
It may be something more serious, or your new batteries may be defective, but the problem you describe is\015\012frequently due to corrosion on the battery contacts inside the camera. \015\012Remove the batteries and wipe the camera contacts firmly w ... Kodak EasyShare Z740 Digital Camera
Samsung Digimax D53 wont turn on at all brand new batteries and still wont turn on
Make sure\015\012that\015\012you have the correct battery type installed, and that the batteries are\015\012fresh/fully charged. If the problem persists, you may have corrosion\015\012on the battery contacts inside that camera that is preventing ful ... Samsung Digimax D53 Digital Camera
Frusturated my camera is a samsung digimax S500 and it does not turn on...i put brand new batteries in it and it still wont turn on..I did not spend a fortune on this camera just so it could just sit in its box and not work!..please help me someone, if there is a way to charge this camera and any other help you are able to give me
The best way i get my digimax to stay on is when you get batteries get the Duracell ultra power pics for digital cameras ... Samsung Digimax S500 Digital Camera
My Olympus underwater camera wont turn on, i took it underwater then tryed to turn it on but the screen went black and now it wont turn on. I poped the battery door open and a couple drops of water somehow got in there. i took the battery and memory card out to let it dry but it still wont turn on. help?
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My camera, a nikon d70s, wont turn on and work. ive taken the battery out and out it back in, still wont work. i then tried 2 charge the battery but still wont work. i then tried to re-set it but it still wont work.
If the camera does respond when you hold down the shutter release, then the internal clock battery may have drained. As the manual says on page 17, charge your main battery, put it in the camera, and leave it be for up to three days. ... Nikon D70s Digital Camera
My finepix j150w wont turn on. tried a brand new battery and still no luck
Can be due to errors in the camera main processor board if the battery is good , the voltages were checked to be correct.\012You will need to open the camera to get access to the board from where the power can be read on the processor. If the p ... Digital Cameras
Battery problem This morning I turned on my brand new Nikon Coolpix 5400 and got nothing on the screen. pushed some buttons and still nothing. Went to turn it off and it won't. The lens stays extended and the power light is still on. I don't know if maybe the batteries are so low they can't do anything, but I was under the impression that the camera had an indicator for the batteries really needing to be recharged. The low battery light was on last night, but I haven't seen need to be recharged
Some of these cameras go from "low" to "no" very quickly. The electronics are more sensitive to available voltage than the mechanicals and it doesn't take full voltage to keep an led lit or to retract the lens. But the cpu shuts down. I would have ex ... Nikon Coolpix 5400 Digital Camera
My fujifilm finepix f480 is brand new and i've only used it about 4 times. Without any incident to start a problem, the charger stopped working and the camera wont turn on at all with the battery in it. The charger light will go on for about 2 minutes and then turn off, and the camera light wont go on at all with the battery in it...is this the camera or the battery or the charger?
Looks to me as charger issue. Digi cam dont work if battery is very low... forget about flash. Also check the input voltage for charger as it should be compatible with power supply at your home. ... Fuji Digital Cameras
My canon digital rebel (ds6041) wont turn on. I have already replaced the battery 4 times with new ones. All fully loaded. still doesn't turn on. I have taken out the mini battery inside the camera, on the internet it said that the camera then would reset itself, still doesn't turn on. Who has an idea, because I don't want to sent it to a reparation store.
... Canon Rebel XT / EOS 350D Digital Camera
Nikon d40 hi i got my self a nikon d40 all was well for the first 5 days was working well very happy. but then i went to get the d40 out to take some early morning beach shots turned it on and got a white lcd and the camera would not work so took the battery out to check it put it back in cam turned on and worked but still the white lcd and if you turn it off then back on camera wont work unless you push the battery first and still have a white lcd. have taken it to my registered nikon dealer t
Sounds like you got a bad one, i would ask for a new one. ... Nikon D40x Digital Camera
Camera seemed to be working fine..got lots of pics..seemed to have stop taking photos a couple days before I picked it up..lost correct time and date so figured batteries were dead. Changed batteries and wont turn on! Took batteries out and repositioned made sure in correct and still wont turn on! Please help
... Moultrie GameSpy 4.0 Digital Camera Deluxe
Hi, i bought this camera brand new in October and it has been used once or twice. Now when i turn it on and take a picture, the screen just oes black and turns itself off (with the lens still out). At first i thought it was batteries, so i tried new ones, the lcd states the battery is full but still the problem persists. Help please! Thanks
Take it back to the store where you bought it from and ask them what is going on with it. It sounds like to me the screen savers is kicking in too soon. ... Sony DSC-S930 Digital Camera
Wont turn on brand new batteries in
Throw it away \015\012as somone has droped the camera when it was turned on ... Kodak EasyShare C513 Digital Camera
When i turn on the camera the lens wont pop open even when the battery is fully charged.... i was taking pictures and it working fine turn the camera off and on again then the lens wont open anymore? i can still view all the pictures i took from the camera but cannot take pictures anymore coz of the lens wont open. i tried initializing the camera by going to set up it didnt work..msg error said turn the camera off and on again and i did but didnt work either many times i tried please help thnks!
The problem is\015\0121- some dirt somehow got on the outside of the lense. After it was retracted fully in, it prevents the camera from opening again. When you turn it on, if it opens a little bit, try to pull it out NOT too hard and let go ... Sony Cyber-shot DSC-N2 Digital Camera
My polaroid i1036 wont turn on. i tried to turn it on with new batteries but it would just make a weird noise and not turn on. i just kept messing with it with a not so new set of batteries and the lens popped out but it still not turning on. how can i get it to turn on?
I was having the same issue. I was using "discount" batteries and switched back to Duracell Alkaline and all is well now. Not an issues since the switch back.NOTE: After going thru the manual , it says nothing about the "type" of batteries to use. ... Polaroid i1036 Digital Camera
My camera has brand new rechargeable batteries in it and it says charge batteries.. Then it wont' turn on or do anything and i know the batteries are charged up.. This is happening all the time. sometimes is will let me take 1 or 2 pictures. then i turn it off and will say charge batteries...
I had been having this problem for quite some time on my A1100 IS. It was incredibly frustrating! No matter how many times I changed the batteries I kept running into the same problem over and over.Somewhere I had read something about going into ... Canon PowerShot S2 IS Digital Camera
I charge the batteries. i put the batteries in the camera. the camera wont work. i hook it up to the computer all day. it still wont work. the camera will stay on for 3 secs excact or wont turn on at all. why isnt my camera working?
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My camera wont turn on. Its battery is completely charged but the camera still doesnt turn on when i press the power button. It usually turns on and off real fast when its battery is dead but it shows no sign of power
... Canon PowerShot SD750 / IXUS 75 Digital Camera
The battery died during the summer... so the lens were left sticking out instead of going back in. it stayed that way for 2 months because i left it at my sister's house. when i got it back, it was still out and i got batteries and turned it on. when i turned it on, it went in halfway and when i turned it off it came out fully, the zoom wont go far either. how can i get it to go back all the way in. its stuck. dont know why
Purchase an alkaline battery and replace with the old one, power up, wait for some time, select slideshow option, then back to camera view then power down..wait for 1 minute, power up again test your zooming results, if it is working well then all is ... Samsung Digimax S630 Digital Camera
Black screen hi, my finepix z1 was working fine but i didnt charge it for 3 weeks and it whent dead, when i charged it again and turned it on the screen was black and the pictures i take are purpuish and can hardly tell what it is, i can still see the old pictures and downloaded to my computer fine, i tried to reset it and still wont work, i took the battery off and put it back in and still wont work or record anything
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Not working we loaned our optimus 5.o mega pixel to a friend he said he took 4 pictures then the battery died I tried to charge the battery and it still wont work. It wont even turn on with it plugged in to the wall. Could the charger went bad or the battery and charger. or what. we have had this camara since aug of 06. could some one help I have a wedding in 2 days that I need this for. Thanks for any info in advance
Wher do I get a new battery? ... Optimus DS-5080 Digital Camera
Add new AA batteries, still will not turn on. Have not used the camera for one year misplaced it, found it, added new batteries AA, wont turn on. Is there another battery needed somewhere?
I think its some genuine prob...u'll have to go to any electrisian for it.... ... Kodak EasyShare C613 Digital Camera
Dropped camera I dropped my camera on the carpet floor in the house, i switched the batteries over and over and plugged it in to the USB cord and it still will not turn on. A green light flashes once when 1st clicked on then a red light flashes like 2 times and it wont turn on. I dont know if its because i dropped it or if its just the batteries going dead or something!
I think tonid is right try to check your batteries first before going to kodak the is a possibility that your battery is the problem.That will save you some money.If you are good in disassembling part check you cam for loose connection am ... Kodak EasyShare C653 Digital Camera
JVC-Everio GZ-MG330HU camcorder. Just bought it brand new. When I plug it in to charge the battery the red light blinks for a few seconds and then turns off, which means it is charged. But it wont turn on if its not plugged in. Its as if the battery doesnt work
Just make sure that it is connected properly and leave it even if the light turns off ... JVC Digital Cameras


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subset: commoncrawl


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Canadian Millennials grew up as part of a generation that could ship just about everything online, whether it is clothing or the latest electronics gadget. So it's perhaps no surprise that they are particularly open to the idea of now working within Canada's packaging industry. The good news is that jobs in design, marketing and operations are now open for top Millennial job candidates, with many of these new employment opportunities now appearing on the nation's top job boards.
There are a few factors that make the match between Millennials and the packaging industry such a natural fit. First and most importantly, Millennials are driven by a sense of purpose. While compensation obviously matters, one factor that usually ranks right near compensation is the ability to do work that matters. For Millennials, this can mean anything from helping to save the environment or working for a business who donates a percentage of their sales to a worthy cause.
That's an area where companies within Canada's packaging industry are proving to be an attractive fit, due to their emphasis on the environmentally-friendly packaging that's good for the environment. Instead of bulky plastics and other materials that are harmful to the environment, packaging companies are embracing environmentally-friendly materials. They are also focusing on the minimization of waste during the packaging process, including the ability to re-use materials.
Another facet of the packaging industry that appeals to the modern Canadian Millennial is the relatively flat management structure of these companies. Millennials are used to having their voices heard, and they expect to have a say in the future of the company almost in the first day they start.
That's a good fit for packaging companies, which are typically flat organizations where there are plenty of opportunities to offer feedback. In short, instead of waiting for an annual performance review, they can expect frequent and informal feedback.
Finally, Millennials value a flexible work environment that respects the work-life balance. They don't mind working long hours for a worthy cause, but they also want to have the flexibility to work on their terms. The work-life balance is an important one since many Millennials have passions and interests outside of the workplace.
That transition has been an easy one for Canada's packaging solution companies, which are highly attuned to the needs of young Millennials. At some of these companies, for examples, employees can work from home when they need to take care of personal responsibilities. And the floor layout of these companies often resembles what you might expect from a thriving Toronto-area technology startup – open-plan office space, plenty of meeting rooms, and plenty of team activities that create opportunities to bond.
Technology has played such an important role in custom packaging solutions; that plays another important role in attracting Millennials. Important technology trends such as mobile, the cloud, and Big Data are also re-shaping the way Canadian packaging companies design solutions for their clients. One thing is certain: the packaging industry in Canada is accepting new employment from the millennial generation employee.


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To find out if you have unclaimed retirement benefits, visit the website of the National Registry of Unclaimed Retirement Benefits, enter your Social Security number and perform a search. The registry matches former employees with the companies holding their unclaimed retirement funds and displays the results.
If you worked for a company that offered pension plans, contact the company to find if it has unclaimed benefits, suggests U.S. News and World Report. If you cannot find the company or it does not have a record of your benefits, contact the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and provide your personal and work information. The corporation may help you find a lost pension or 401(k) plan.


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Tester FAQ
-- What happens if I use sliced almonds to make almond flour?
At least one tester has found this gives her a better result! She said that when she used sliced almonds in my coffee bean grinder she ended up with a finer grind of almond flour than when using whole almonds. The resulting flour was not granular as I experienced with the whole almond flour. The finished baked product was much nicer and had a better taste. If you try this, please note that you did in your survey so we can track the result.
--I bought ingredients in bulk - how should I store them?
The Higher fat ingredients are subject to rancidity and if not needed for an extended period of time should be stored in the freezer although storage for up to 2 months in the fridge should be fine. Those ingredients include most of the seed and nut based ingredients in the ingredient lists. If you have the ability to vacuum pack them, that helps keep the flavors fresh to by keeping moisture in and freezer burn away. If you don't have a vacuum device use a zipper lock bag and squeeze out all the air you can. For xanthan the non fatty ingredients like xanthan gum or guar gum, no special storage is necessary. Keep them tightly closed to keep out moisture.
-- I'm using New Roots Stevia Sugar Replacement and I've read in different places that it should be substitued 1:1 or 1:2. Which is correct?
The original information about New Roots Stevia Sugar Replacement was taken from the products website and is probably incorrect. The tester who originally brought the product to the our attention wrote to me when she wanted to make a correction to our first email from Peter. She indicated that "new Roots Stevia Sugar replaces regular sugar at the rate of 1 part Stevia Sugar to 2 parts regular sugar. This information is on the link given as well as on the bottle." If you use the product as directed by the label 1:2 that is most likely your best option. If doing that doesn't give you a good result be sure and report it. As it becomes clearer how this substitued is used we'll send out another note. Just for clairity - 1:2 means for each cup of sugar you use 1/2 cup of the New Roots product.
--Can I use vegan egg replacers?
An excellent question. The eggs provide, as Kittee pointed out, the functions of structure and nutrition in the dough as well as levening if they are foamed, and since we created the recipes with regular eggs we still need to know if the replacers will work as well. So, my suggestion is to follow the recipe as written, substituting the suggested amount of egg replacer for the eggs in the recipe, and let us know how it goes. My feeling is that the primary function is for binding, as opposed to leavening, but binding does help support rising/leavening so Kittee's tests, as well as any other vegans, is critical for us.
--How much should I buy? The ingredients are pricey, that's for sure (and something that those of you who have already been baking gluten and carb free know). The mail order options are good if you plan to bake a lot and to test many recipes because bulk prices are better. But, at the beginning you may want to purchase locally in smaller amounts, such as Bob's Red Mill Almond Flour or other brands which are available at local natural food markets. Here is a list of some ingredients that you can buy in smaller amounts:
--Baking powder: Why are we offering a baking powder replacement? While most people can handle regular powder, there are some highly gluten- sensitive folks can't, so we're offering a simple substitute. Whenever a recipe calls for baking powder you can either use that or you can make up a replacer consisting of about 1 parts baking soda and 2 parts cream of tartar (yes, it's the old Rumford formula for single-acting baking powder--but I will send the exact recipe in a subsequent e-mail, along with the GFCF Sugar Replacer). If you plan to go that route, I'd suggest making up about a cup or so, so that you can just dip in as needed. NOTE: Some recipes call for Baking Powder and some for Baking Soda. Please read carefully when you make each recipe and use the correct one.
--Unsweetened semi-sweet chocolate chips and chocolate bars: There are only a few recipes that call for these so don't go crazy stocking up, and use the ones you can find. Just let us know in your responses which one you used so we can track which ones test out best. We love ChocoPerfection but it's hard to find and the chips seem to have dropped off the grid. Every company uses their own secret sweeteners so we'd love to know which ones you prefer.
--Where's the yeast? It's hard to get starch-free sugar free products to activate yeast, not to mention the fact that there's no gluten. When we do use yeast, which is only in a few recipes like some pizza doughs, it's just for the yeast flavor, not the leavening. Our leavening is all done via baking powder or soda.
---Is there a replacement for xanthan gum?
Yes, guar gum, but most people prefer xanthan. There might be other gums that you've successfully used and if you want to substitute yours for the xanthan go ahead but let us know and tell us why. You will only need a small bottle of this, as only a little is used in a recipe and not all recipes call for it.
--Can I use my electric stand mixer?
Yes, I addressed this in the original welcome letter. Just let us know if you do, and use common sense in making the adjustment to a mixer. A paddle is usually appropriate except when making egg foam/meringue. We'll give one set of instructions in the book for how to use a mixer for these, but the beauty of the recipes is that you can make almost all of them with just two bowls, a whisk, and a spoon. Occasionally, you will need to whip egg whites and you can do that by hand or by electric tools.
--Can I double or triple the recipe sizes?
Yes, but first make them as written and then feel free to make bigger batches.
--Which is better, scooping with cups and tablespoons or weighing the ingredients?
These recipes are far more tolerant than yeasted breads, so scoops are sufficient. However, we do need to know how accurate our weight equivalents are so, if you do have a scale we'd love it if you'd weigh your scoops and tell us if our weights are correct or how far they're off.
--Milk and nut flour products--does it mater which ones I use--can I freely substitute?
Another perk of these recipes is that they are super tolerant of substituting certain ingredients. Nut flours, for sure. Once you make a recipe as written you are free to exchange certain nuts for others (in some recipes the option is even part of the recipe): walnut and pecans are an obvious exchange but you can also use hazelnuts or simply stick totally with almond flour in place of a second or third nut flour. As for milk, use what you like. If you are vegan, use soy or almond milk. Do not hemp or rice milk, though, because they have higher carbs since they come from grains. But always use unsweetened milk.
--Must it be blanched almond flour? No, blanching removes the skins of the almonds (which I think is the most healthful part) and some books insist on using only blanched almond flour. But these recipe work with blanched or un-blanched almond flour. Chances are, if you are buying almond flour it will probably be blanched even if it doesn't say so (unless you see lots of skin particles). It doesn't matter, use it. If you are grinding your own it will be un-blanched—no problem!
--Can I use my blender to grind the flour? I don't have much success with my blender--it just creates too much heat and turns the nuts into butter. A food processor is the second best option, but a small seed/spice grinder is the best--just work in half cup units. It only takes a few seconds.
--I'm ready to start, can I? A number of you seem well positioned to get going and we're discussing an earlier start date for those who are ready. We'll let you know by the end of the week if we can move up the starting date. The problem is me--I am furiously trying to polish up enough recipes to get ahead of you. However, if you'd rather get started and, perhaps, have to wait later and if I do get too far behind, then we may get you going sooner.
--If I want to test a recipe a second time or even a third, can I? Yes, we will set up a mechanism so that you can re-test a recipe, perhaps so that you can try it with a different GFCF sweetener. Mark will explain the procedure for re-testing in a subsequent e-mail.
--Can I print out these recipes or save them to my hard drive? Yes, you should print them out so you can take them into the kitchen. If you want to save them for future reference, knowing that these are not the final versions, that's okay too. The most important consideration is that you honor the agreement to keep these confidential. You can let people taste the results and comment on them (we ask for the reactions of others) but please don't give them the recipes. Please don't share the recipes with anyone--it's amazing how fast they could be all over the internet, especially if someone who hasn't agreed to confidentiality has them. Just tell them to wait, like everyone else, for the book which won't be published till next year, probably in April, 2012.
--How long do I have to test a recipe? Take as much time as you need--you will be on your own pace. We'd like the first response back within two weeks but, after that, go as fast or as slow as you like. We know that some people will test more recipes than others--just do as many as you feel comfortable with and, if you have to drop out for any reason, no problem (just drop Mark a line so we can move someone else up from the waiting list). We're grateful for whatever you cando, even if it's just one recipe.
If we think of anything else I missed we'll send out another e-mail and post it on this FAQ page. Thank you for your great questions so far and for all your support.
Last Updated (Sunday, 17 April 2011 14:46)


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Does your skin look like you don't have time to care for it? Is it feeling sad and unloved? We feel you! Let us help by pumping seed oils and antioxidants into your skin for you! (figure of speech, you won't all fit in our tiny office) We've got the basic run down on our natural, super nourishing skin savers. Instead of looking dull and dry, or peppered in pigmentation, you'll be looking blooming beautiful in no time!
Think of growing healthy skin like planting a healthy garden. There are a few steps and neglect isn't one of them! Healthy soil equals healthy plants. You begin by clearing the weeds much like you deeply cleanse and exfoliate your skin. You then apply the correct fertilizer to the soil similar to using a facial serum specific to your skins needs. Finally you water the garden to keep it hydrated just like you moisturise your skin.
1. Clear The Weeds
The Oil Cleansing Method will give you a deep cleanse and nourish your skin at the same time. It's a strange concept at first. Oil cleansing works on a like-attracts-like basis. Binding to oil/dirt/makeup/SPF on the skin and dissolving it when emulsified with water. It's perfect for all skin types from the driest to the oiliest as it doesn't strip your skin of oil, just breaks down the excess. Some people like to follow with the Milk Wash to ensure all residue is removed. Milk Wash is effective yet super gentle, it's got the same irritation score as water.
Exfoliating to remove dead skin and unclog the pores is the secret sauce of reducing fine lines and ensuring proper product absorption. Our Gentle Exfoliating Powder is gentle enough to be used every day and can be used as your mask too by leaving it on for 5 mins – when you're lucky enough to get time to yourself, use it wisely!
2. Nourish The Soil
We have 5 potent Serums and Oils that will boost your skin dependant on your concern. Our serums work best when applied directly on the skin under moisturiser, or if you're time poor (no one ever admits to having enough time) add few drops to your moisturiser.
3. Water The Garden
Our Anti-Ageing Cream soothes skin, and keeps skin healthy and young looking by using high quality powerful anti-oxidants. The star anti-oxidants for this cream are Resveratrol and Natural Vitamin C, both included at the maximum suggested percentage. We also have an Anti-Ageing SPF15 Cream, (it's 19% zinc) which contains a few different ingredients for the days you will be spending outdoors.
Whether you spend your days at the pub and forgetting to wash your makeup off, rugged up in front of the fire watching telly and snacking on vimto and monster munch.. your skin doesn't have to give your habits away!


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- Study protocol
- Open Access
Living with diabetes: a group-based self-management support programme for T2DM patients in the early phases of illness and their partners, study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
© van Puffelen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
- Received: 16 October 2013
- Accepted: 26 February 2014
- Published: 1 April 2014
The present article presents the protocol for a randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a group-based self-management support programme for recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (one to three years post-diagnosis) and their partners. The course aims to support T2DM patients and their partners in successfully integrating diabetes care into their daily lives and hereby enhance self-management and diabetes-specific health-related quality of life. The content of the course is based on the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM). Furthermore, principles from the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and social support theories are integrated.
We aim to recruit 160 recently diagnosed T2DM patients and their partners from general practices in six different regions in the Netherlands. Patients need to be diagnosed with T2DM for one to three years and have to experience some degree of diabetes-related difficulties, as measured with a three-item screener. Participating patients and their partners are randomly allocated to the intervention or control condition. Participants in the intervention condition receive three monthly group sessions and a booster session three months later. Participants in the control condition receive a single information meeting. Data will be collected at baseline (T0), directly after the programme (T1) and six months post-programme (T2), including: self-management, diabetes-specific health-related quality of life, illness perceptions, attitudes, social support and empowerment. A three-level multilevel model will be used to compare change-scores between the conditions (intervention/control) on each outcome.
Our study will be the first to determine whether a group-based support programme based on the CSM is effective in enhancing self-management and diabetes-specific health-related quality of life in recently diagnosed T2DM patients. The important role of patients' partners in effective diabetes care is also acknowledged in the study.
Trial registration
Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR) NTR3302.
- Diabetes
- Randomised controlled trial
- Illness perceptions
- Partner support
- Self-management
- Health-related quality of life
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing to epidemic proportions. Worldwide, more than 300 million people are diagnosed with T2DM and this number is expected to increase with 50% over the next 20 years [1]. Although T2DM usually starts as a mild condition, its chronic and progressive nature, the necessity for considerable lifelong lifestyle changes and serious long-term complications can place a major burden on individuals and their families [2, 3], as well as health care systems [4].
Effective diabetes-management by patients has been proven to reduce the chances of serious adverse events [5] and, consequently, maintain quality of life [6, 7] and keep health care costs manageable [8]. However, this does require patients to adopt a complex, multifaceted behavioural regimen, comprising the management of symptoms, treatment and lifestyle changes, as well as dealing with the psychological and psychosocial consequences related to the illness. Moreover, these behaviours need to be embedded within existing lifestyles, goals and priorities. Not surprisingly, a fair proportion of T2DM patients perceives the daily management of diabetes to be challenging or even burdensome and experiences difficulties in adequately engaging in self-care activities [9, 10], which might consequently impact on quality of life [7].
Recognition of the comprehensiveness of diabetes management has led to the development of many self-management support programmes [11, 12]. However, few have taken the specific challenges that may arise during the early phases of living with T2DM into account. Directly from the onset, T2DM patients are required to make lifestyle changes and adhere to treatment recommendations, mostly in the absence of diabetes-related symptoms or complaints. Hence, patients' motivation to engage in self-management should therefore primarily result from their beliefs on the likelihood of adverse events occurring, as well as beliefs on personal control and effectiveness of treatment in order to prevent these serious undesirable events [13]. However, according to a review by Thoolen et al., [14], recently diagnosed patients tend to downplay the seriousness of their own condition. In addition, patients seem to be primarily concerned with the day-to-day hassles in diabetes management, rather than the possibility of serious complications in the long term. These attitudes and perceptions are likely to contribute to the finding that relatively few patients appear to be adequately engaged in the recommended (changes in) lifestyle behaviours within the first year after diagnosis [14].
In the past decades, patients' perceptions on illness and treatment were identified to be important precursors for health behaviour change [15]. According to the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM) [16, 17], illness perceptions act as a framework for the coping strategies chosen by patients to deal with the illness and are closely related to behavioural adaption, physical recovery and psychological well-being in various chronic illnesses [18]. Moreover, previous studies have shown that illness perceptions and, consequently, health related behaviours and outcomes can be successfully changed by short interventions based on CSM principles [19–21].
Accumulating evidence shows that not just the patients' illness perceptions, but also the perceptions of partners are of great importance for understanding how patients respond to a chronic illness [22]. Illness perceptions held by partners guide their coping responses to the patients' illness, including the way to give support to patients. Previous studies in T2DM have shown that social support can enhance as well as hinder self-management behaviours in patients, particularly dietary and exercise behaviours [22, 23]. A small number of studies even suggested that partners' illness perceptions can influence disease outcomes, with negative or incongruent perceptions being associated with worse physical, psychological and social functioning [24, 25]. Hence, even though patients themselves are primarily responsible for managing their illness, it seems important that partners are structurally involved in diabetes care.
Aims and hypotheses
The primary aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of the 'Living with diabetes' course on enhancing self-management behaviours and diabetes-specific health-related quality of life in T2DM patients (one to three years post- diagnosis), compared to an attention control condition.
- a)
Enhanced self-management and diabetes-specific health-related quality of life directly after the programme and at six months post-programme, as compared to an attention control condition.
- b)
Holding more adaptive illness perceptions and attitudes towards T2DM;
- c)
Experiencing more activating partner support;
- d)
Feeling more empowered to manage their condition
Directly after the programme and at six months post-programme, as compared to an attention control condition.
Study design
Study population
Patients will be recruited via general practitioners (GPs) who are willing to invite eligible patients to participate in the study. In the Netherlands, all inhabitants are registered in a general practice. Therefore, a representative sample can be drawn.
Inclusion criteria
Being diagnosed with T2DM for one to three years, as recorded by their GP.
Exclusion criteria
Not being able to speak, read and/or understand the Dutch language sufficiently according to their GP;
Having insufficient mental or intellectual capabilities to participate in the study, according to their GP;
Currently receiving treatment for severe psychological or psychiatric conditions, according to their GP;
Recently diagnosed with a severe or life-threatening comorbid condition (e.g. cancer, CVA);
Not experiencing any degree of diabetes-related difficulty or uncertainty, as assessed with a three-item screening questionnaire.
Screening questionnaire
1. How much uncertainty do you currently experience in your life as a result of being diabetic?
None at all
Slight amount
Moderate amount
Large amount
Extremely large
amount (1)
2. How effective are you in coping with your diabetes?
Not at all
Slightly effective
Very effective
Extremely effective
effective (1)
3. My diabetes has major consequences on my life.
Strongly disagree
Neither agree nor
Strongly agree
disagree (1)
Allocation to conditions
After obtaining the signed informed consent form, patients will be randomly allocated to the intervention or control condition. Randomisation will be conducted electronically by a researcher who is not involved in the study.
Participants allocated to the intervention group are invited to take part in the group-based self-management support programme, together with their partner. Patients who do not have a partner, are instructed to bring a close friend or relative instead. Each course group consists of six to ten patients, accompanied by their partner (or close friend/relative). The course consists of three two-hour monthly meetings and one follow-up meeting ('booster session') after three months. The group sessions are led by two trained diabetes nurses or practice nurses and are delivered in medical and community centers in the different regions.
The 'Living with diabetes' course is based on the Common-sense Model of Self-Regulation [16, 17], the Social Cognitive Theory [29, 30] and principles of social support theories [31–33]. Content of the course is derived from previous psychosocial interventions focusing on illness perceptions [19, 20, 34]. The emphasis of the course is on stimulating beneficial illness perceptions and challenging misconceptions of T2DM in patients and partners. Another important aspect of the course is the enhancement of activating partner support for patients, by exploring patients' needs for support and discussing supportive interactions with patients and partners. Goal setting and action plan development are used as techniques to improve patients' empowerment and elicit self-management behaviour change. All sessions are group-based, providing the opportunity for peer modeling, social reinforcement, motivation and emotional support.
Participants receive a handbook with (homework) assignments, and practical and theoretical information about the topics discussed during the sessions. In addition, basic information about diabetes and its treatment is provided in the handbook. For the diabetes or practice nurses who guide the course sessions, a detailed manual has been developed.
The course was pilot-tested on feasibility and acceptability in November and December 2011. Sixteen T2DM patients and eight partners from a general practice in the region of Utrecht participated in the pilot-study (attrition rate 21.6%). During the pilot, all course sessions were led by a health psychologist in order to evaluate whether the correct psychological models and techniques were used. During the first session, a practice nurse was also present to provide medical information on T2DM. Feasibility and acceptability of the course were explored by means of an evaluation form at the end of the course and by feedback of the participants during the course sessions. Based on the evaluation of the pilot, the manual was adapted and a screening questionnaire was developed for the RCT to ensure that only T2DM patients who experience some degree of difficulties or uncertainties will participate.
Prior to the course, the participating nurses receive a four-hour training, led by a health psychologist who was also involved in the development of the course (MH). During this training, the nurses receive information on the underlying theories on which the course is based. Furthermore, the nurses are instructed on how to use the workbook and manual of the course. Assignments of the course are explained in detail and tips and tricks on how to execute these assignments provided. Lastly, first experiences of the pilot and resulting important topics of interest are discussed.
Attention control condition
Participants in the attention control condition are invited to a single 1.5 – hour information meeting, together with their partner (or close friend/relative). During this meeting, patients and their partners receive medical information about diabetes (e.g. causes, complications, treatment) from a professor in general practice and diabetes care. The information meeting serves as an attention control condition to control for the attention paid to being diagnosed with T2DM when participating in this study. Hence, the information that patients and partners receive during the information meeting is provided according to the classical didactic method; i.e. providing information that is important from a medical point of view, but not tailored to the specific and more comprehensive needs of the patients.
Patients fill in a questionnaire at baseline (T0), immediately after the programme (T1) and six months post-programme (T2) to assess the effectiveness of the programme on the longer term. The primary outcome measures are self-management and diabetes-specific health-related quality of life. Secondary outcomes are illness perceptions, attitudes towards diabetes, partner support and empowerment.
Primary outcome measures
Self-management is measured by using the revised Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities measure (SDSCA) [35]. The revised SDSCA contains 11 items, measuring six separate domains: general diet (2 items), specific diet (2 items), exercise behaviours (2 items), glucose monitoring (2 items), foot care (2 items) and smoking (1 item). Ten items are rated on an eight -point Likert scale, measuring the number of days a certain self-care behaviour is performed during the last week (0–7 days). The 11th item measures smoking (yes/no) and the number of cigarettes smoked. Each of the domains is measured separately. The revised SDSCA shows an adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability and is sensitive to change. The measure has been validated against other measures of diet and exercise [35].
Diabetes-specific health-related quality of life is assessed by the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (PAID) [36], measuring diabetes-related emotional distress. The PAID consists of 20 items on a five -point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (not a problem) to 4 (a serious problem). Scores are transformed into a 0–100 scale for interpretation, with higher scores indicating greater diabetes-related emotional distress. The PAID has a strong concurrent and discriminant validity [37], has been proven to be responsive to change [38] and has been validated for Dutch T2DM patients [36, 37].
Secondary outcome measures
Cognitive and emotional illness perceptions are assessed with the IPQ-R [28]. The first section of the IPQ-R measures different symptoms experienced by patients and whether they believe these symptoms are caused by their diabetes (identity scale; 14 items). The second section of the IPQ-R consists of seven subscales, measuring 'time-line acute/chronic' (6 items); 'time-line cyclical' (4 items); 'consequences' (6 items); 'personal control' (6 items); 'treatment control' (5 items); 'coherence' (understanding of T2DM, 5 items) and 'emotional representation' (6 items). In the third section, patients' causal believes (18 items) are measured. The 'identity scale' is measured dichotomously (yes/no). All other items are measured on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The subscales of the IPQ-R have a good internal consistency and an acceptable test-retest stability [28].
Attitudes towards diabetes are measured with the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3) [39]. The DAS-3 consists of five subscales, measuring perceived seriousness (7 items); psychosocial impact (6 items); patient autonomy (8 items); value of tight control (7 items) and need for special training (5 items). The items are measured on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The DAS-3 is considered a reliable and valid general measure of diabetes-related attitudes across different groups of patients and health care professionals [39].
Patients' perceptions of partner support are assessed by using a questionnaire developed by Buunk, Sanderman, and Nieuwland [40], which measures three different dimensions of partner support; active engagement (5 items); protective buffering (8 items) and overprotection (6 items). The items are measured on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). The three subscales have a moderate to good internal consistency [40].
Patient empowerment is assessed by the Dutch Diabetes Empowerment Scale (Dutch DES-20) [41]. The questionnaire consists of five subscales, assessing dissatisfaction and goal achievement (6 items), coping and motivation (4 items), obtaining support (3 items), overcoming barriers (4 items) and determining suitable methods (3 items) in a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (totally disagree) to 5 (totally agree). The Dutch DES-20 was found to be a reliable and valid instrument [41].
Sample size
The sample size calculation is based on detecting a clinically relevant change on the PAID, as a result of the programme. Since there is no consensus on the minimal important difference (MID) on the PAID, we decided to set the MID at half a standard deviation (SD); a commonly used solution when scores have no direct interpretation and no clinical results exist to determine a relevant percentage [42]. In Dutch T2DM patients, the SD found on the PAID was 20, with a mean score of 22.5 points (scale 0–100) [36]. To establish a 10-point difference with the power set at 80% and the α at .05 (two-sided), 63 patients are needed in each condition (intervention/control). However, taking the clustering of patients within groups into account, an oversampling of 15% is needed to conduct multi-level analyses. When accounting for an additional drop-out of 10%, 2 × 80 patients will have to be recruited.
Statistical analysis
The study is a two-arm randomised controlled trial with repeated measures over time and continuous outcome variables. Descriptive statistics (mean values and frequencies) will be calculated to evaluate the scores on primary and secondary outcome measures on T0, T1 and T2 separately. The effectiveness of the programme will be analysed by a three-level multilevel model: groups, patients and measurements (T0, T1, and T2). This type of analysis allows us to both test the main effectiveness of the condition, its effectiveness over time, as well as the interaction effects of condition (intervention/control) × time. By including groups as a separate level in the analysis, possible effects of the different regions, course leaders and group climate are corrected for. Data will be analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. All analyses will be performed using MLwiN.
Ethical approval
The protocol, information letters and informed consent form of the study were approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the VU University Medical Center Amsterdam.
This article describes the design of the 'Living with diabetes' study: a study testing the effectiveness of a group-based self-management support programme for people known to be diagnosed with T2DM for one to three years and their partners. The content of the course is based on principles of the CSM, SCT and social supportive theories and is specifically designed to build more adaptive (activating) illness perceptions and attitudes, increase empowerment, stimulate activating social support and, consequently, enhance self-management and diabetes specific health-related quality of life in recently diagnosed T2DM patients.
Previous research already emphasised the importance of the integration of patients' and partners' illness perceptions in self-management interventions, because of their ability to change and their close link to health behaviours and outcomes [15, 19–21]. With this study, we will contribute to the literature by providing insight into the effectiveness of a group-based method to build and alter illness perceptions in patients with chronic illness, rather than an individual programme. Furthermore, to our knowledge, we are the first to conduct such programme in T2DM patients and partners in the first years of living with T2DM.
A particular strength of the study is that the programme 'Living with diabetes' is well grounded in theory. Major psychological models on behaviour change, such as Leventhal's Common Sense Model [16, 17] and Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory [29, 30] provide the framework for the course. By incorporating social support theories and actively involving the patients' partners, we account for the influence of social support on self-management behaviours in patients. Group discussions provide patients with the opportunity to share experiences and learn from others through peer modelling and peer support [43]. Consequently, the course goes beyond the mere provision of information and skills training and starts explicitly from both patients' and partners' experiences, needs and concerns. In addition, this study specifically focusses on patient important outcomes rather than solely medical outcomes (e.g. HbA1c), comprising emotional, cognitive and behavioural outcomes.
The current study also poses a number of challenges and drawbacks. We foresee a few potential threats to reliability and generalisability of the study. First, a selection of participating patients in the study is expected, as a result of a selective non-response of patients of older age and patients from the non-western origin. Consequently, specific target groups might be missed and generalisability of the results of this study limited. Furthermore, a possible selection bias might also be found among the GPs in the study. Participating GPs will probably represent a group more open to research and innovation and may also be more motivated to improve diabetes care. Consequently, their patients might already receive various educational or support programmes which may negatively impact on participation willingness. In order to keep non-response and drop-out rates as low as possible, personalised invitation letters from GPs and reminders to initial non-responders will be sent. Furthermore, the course sessions and information meetings will be organised in easily accessible locations in the area of the participating patients and GPs. Finally, a practical challenge is also foreseen in the group-based format of the course. In spite of the fact that group-based sessions pose many advantages, they are more difficult to organise and cannot be completely adapted to individuals needs and preferences (e.g. time, location, topics discussed), which may result in increased (selective) drop-out. Furthermore, we emphasise the importance of creating and keeping a positive and stimulating group climate during the course sessions. Dominant and/or negative group members can negatively influence the group climate and interactions, and consequently, the effectiveness of the programme. Therefore, we will recruit diabetes nurses and practice nurses who already have experience in leading group-based courses and extra attention will be paid on how to deal with dominant group members during the training.
The results of this RCT will provide valuable information on the effectiveness and feasibility of group-based self-management support programmes, focusing on illness perceptions and social support. The course is well suited for implementation in a primary health care setting. The course is fully manualised and supported by a training to ensure the possibility of replication. Furthermore, the group-based setting of the course is less time and money consuming than individual support programmes. Hence, if proven effective, the course can be utilised by general practices and diabetes care groups as an addition to the individual patient education provided by health care professionals and already available patient education programmes in T2DM. First results of the study are expected in the spring of 2014.
This study is funded by the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation (no: 2009.70).
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Pre-publication history
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text:
(Italy/France/West Germany - 1973)
Directed by Luchino Visconti. Written by Luchino Visconti, Enrico Medioli and Suso Ceccho D'Amico. Cast: Helmut Berger, Romy Schneider, Trevor Howard, Silvana Mangano, Gert Frobe, Helmut Griem, Isabella Telezynska, Umberto Orsini, John Moulder Brown, Sonia Petrova, Folker Bohnet, Heinz Moog, Adriana Asti, Marc Porel, Nora Ricci, Mark Burns, Maurizio Bonuglia, Anne-Marie Hanschke, Gerard Herter, Henning Schluter, Eva Axen. (Unrated, 238 mins)
The most problematic work in the canon of the great Italian filmmaker Luchino Visconti, LUDWIG, an epic chronicle of the 1864-1886 reign of Ludwig II, "the mad king of Bavaria," was regarded as a beautiful but costly and self-indulgent folly upon its release in 1973. With an original running time of just under four hours, distributors all over the world balked at the film's length--so extreme that it seemingly depicted Ludwig's 22-year reign in real time--which led to a plethora of differing versions from country to country. In Italy, it was cut from 238 minutes to 186. US distributor MGM took the 186-minute version and cut it down to 173 for its NYC premiere in March 1973. That R-rated version was quickly withdrawn and LUDWIG was relaunched in Chicago a few months later at 137 minutes and re-rated PG, and that's the version that went into general release in the US over the summer and fall of 1973, running a full 101 minutes shorter than Visconti's intended vision (the PG cut presumably nixed any references toward Ludwig's sexual tendencies and a few scattered instances of male frontal nudity--were they concerned that a Visconti epic needed to bring in a younger demographic?). British audiences got the same 137-minute cut when it finally bowed in the UK in 1978, German moviegoers got a 144-minute version, and the Australian cut was whittled down a bit more to 133 minutes. Visconti apparently oversaw the first initial cut to 186 minutes for Italy and, whether willlingly or under duress, signed off on it, but beyond that, he was not involved in any further tweaks and alterations. Visconti died in 1976--his health worsened by a stroke he suffered midway through the shooting of LUDWIG--and over the years as the film fell into relative obscurity as the black sheep of a legendary auteur's filmography, there were so many different versions prepared for each market around the world, with so many wildly disparate running times that it became a virtual impossibility for anyone to remember what Visconti's intended LUDWIG even looked like.
history films that one-time fellow neo-realist Roberto Rossellini was making for Italian television around the same time. Granted, LUDWIG is much more opulent and visually stunning, with very few exteriors and almost all of the scenes shot in the actual castles and palaces that Ludwig had constructed during his reign. Even when Bavaria goes to war with Austria against Prussia, we see not a single battle that would seem to be a requirement in such a massive historical epic. Ludwig simply decides to side with Austria and is eventually told that they've lost the war. On one hand, you get what Visconti is doing: by seeing nothing whatsoever of the war, the audience is in the same mindset as Ludwig, who was utterly unconcerned with it and was completely unaffected by it win or lose. But telling the story in this manner gives the film a choppy and incomplete feel even at four hours. Even with Ludwig's interactions with Elisabeth and Wagner and his gradual retreat into proto-Howard Hughes seclusion even to those closest to him (it's also feasible that he suffered from social anxiety disorder), it's still nearly three hours before Visconti gets anything resembling dramatic momentum going, when Count Durckheim is called in for an inquiry with top-ranking Bavarian officials at the behest of the duplicitous Count von Holnstein (the closest thing LUDWIG has to an outright villain). This secret group is conspiring to have Ludwig declared insane, which would force him to abdicate and give power to his uncle Prince Luitpold (Gerard Herter), as the next in line of succession is Ludwig's schizophrenic younger brother Prince Otto (John Moulder Brown), who's already been deemed even less capable of assuming the throne than his elder sibling. This long sequence--where Durckheim angers the rebellious government officials and defiantly professes his loyalty to Ludwig, refusing to have any part in the coup--plays out in Italian, meaning it was completely absent from the US cut. Again, how could anyone watching this movie in an American cinema in 1973 have even a hint of a clue as to what was happening?
MAD DOG KILLER. Visconti's and Berger's relationship (now 72, the bisexual Berger eventually married Italian actress Francesca Guidata but still refers to Visconti as the one great love of his life) is reflected throughout the director's later years, particularly with von Aschenbach's obsession with a teenage boy in DEATH IN VENICE and in Ludwig's fixations on attractive young men like officer Hornig (Marc Porel) and actor Joseph Kainz (Folker Bohnet). He spies on another young officer skinny-dipping and is also seen in a state of depressed malaise, in a decadent hideaway surrounded by nude young men lounging about the premises (I'm guessing that scene wasn't in the PG version). Watching Ludwig's decline and fall hastened by his commitment to an unattainable artistic vision at odds with everyday practicality, LUDWIG is as much about the Bavarian king as it is about Visconti himself.
|Berger and Visconti on the set
|The 137-minute, PG-rated version of LUDWIG
opening in Toledo, OH on September 7, 1973.
It lasted one week.


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If you've never heard of John Peel, google him – he was the longest-serving DJ on the original BBC Radio 1. Throughout the course of his life, he collected thousands of singles, LP's, EP's etc. from a wide range of genres and it would take a single person YEARS to sift through all of it.
Thanks to The Space, Peel's collection of records are now available online, staring with the A's (I haven't even gotten through 1/8 of it). Each week they will be rolling out the first 100 albums of a different letter in the library. Check it out, it's pretty stellar: http://thespace.org/content/s000004u/albums/


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05 Sep Legally, What Do I Have to Do?
This is a question I am often asked. It's one that's difficult to answer and, to be honest, it's the wrong one to ask. Imagine this: you're thinking about buying a used car from a from some guy you never met. There's no law requiring you to have a mechanic look it over; but isn't it a good idea? Let's take this a step further. A day of two later you are driving the car and are approaching a red light. You press the brake pedal and, to your surprise, nothing happens. You dive through your neighbors prized petunias before coming to a stop in their bird bath. You can blame the guy who sold you the car but, legally, the driver is responsible for the condition of the vehicle. You're responsible. Buying property is similar. In general, there is nothing that legally requires you to investigate a property before buying or selling it. (I suspect some of my attorney friends will dispute this.) The legal questions may arise later, however, after the sale of the property. Documenting the environmental condition of the Site at the time of sale protects both the buyer and the seller.
An environmental investigation may prevent the buyer from ending up with someone else's problem. At a minimum, a Phase I environmental site assessment should be conducted to document the industrial history of the property and to evaluate potential chemical use and waste generation. But that may not be enough. The Phase I only tells us what may be present on the property. Collection of and analysis of environmental samples is the only way to determine if contamination is or is not present. Now, this is important: proper environmental Due Diligence will help support an "innocent landowner" defense should historic contamination be discovered later. This may be critical if a property later classified as a Brownfield or "Superfund" site, or ends up in a State environmental program. In order to qualify for the "innocent landowner" defense, it must be shown that the landowner "did not know and had no reason to know" that contamination existed on the property at the time of purchase. Put simply, you can't say you had no way of knowing contamination was present if you never looked for it.
Due diligence can also protect the seller from future liability. Federal and State environmental laws often hold Responsible Parties (those believed to have caused the contamination) "jointly and severally liable". In other words, both the current owner and any or all the former owners can be held liable for contamination. The government is very happy to let the Responsible Parties fight it out in court. It may be difficult to determine if contamination discovered after the sale of the property is the result of historic operations or post-sale operations. Without hard data to demonstrate the property was clean prior to sale, the seller could be found partially or fully responsible for environmental problems they didn't cause.
In Connecticut, there is one other important legal issue associated with the sale of commercial and industrial properties. The Property Transfer Program requires the disclosure of environmental conditions when ownership of certain real properties and/or businesses ("Establishments") are transferred. An Establishment is any real property at which or any business operation from which (A) on or after November 19, 1980, there was generated, except as a result of remediation of polluted soil, groundwater or sediment, more than 100 kilograms of hazardous waste in any one month, (B) hazardous waste generated at a different location was recycled, reclaimed, reused, stored, handled, treated, transported or disposed of, (C) the process of dry cleaning was conducted on or after May 1, 1967, (D) furniture stripping was conducted on or after May 1, 1967, or (E) a vehicle body repair facility was located on or after May 1, 1967. When an establishment is transferred, an Environmental Condition Assessment Form (ECAF) and one of four Property Transfer Forms must be executed and a copy of the form must be filed with the Department of Energy & Environmental Protection. Now this is critical: one of the parties involved in the transfer of ownership must sign as the "Certifying Party" and agrees to investigate and remediate the property in accordance with State requirements. Failure to submit a Property Transfer filing could result in lawsuits between the current and past owners, and could even bring legal action by the State. The Phase I investigation provides the information needed to determine if the property is an "Establishment" and if a Property Transfer filing is required. Further environmental investigation, which includes collection and analysis of soil, groundwater, or other samples may be required to confirm the presence or absence of contamination (Phase II) and/or the degree and extent of contamination (Phase III). An environmental professional and a qualified attorney should be involved in the transfer of ownership of any commercial/industrial property.


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In my endless searches for unique and fabulous printmakers, I found a person I think everyone will appreciate. In the outter reaches of the South Pacific Ocean there was an artist of French origin who lived in Japan most of his life, and he travelled to little-known islands in Micronesia, Melanesia, Indonesia and Asia. Paul Jacoulet's art is a blend of East meets West, where two great artistic cultures of Japan and France collide. His woodcuts are widely collected and represents the the pinnacle peak in technical accomplishment.
Jacoulet, 1896-1960, was born in Paris, and was raised in Japan from the age of six when his family moved to Tokyo. At this time, Japan was still ruled by the Emperor and the Imperial Court. Growing up in an elite Tokyo neighborhood, he attended fine Japanese private schools, becoming fluent in Japanese, French and English. His father, Frederic, was a university professor (ambassador) hired by the Japanese government to teach French to young aristocrats. Because of his father's privilege, Jacoulet traveled a lot. His mother supported his artistic activities and because she believed that if French Polynesia was good enough for Paul Gauguin, then her son could do the same. She sent him away from Japan several times to islands in Micronesia, Indonesia, and the Philippines to observe their indigenous culture.
A true renaissance man, Jacoulet was also an expert in Kabuki, proficient on traditional Japanese musical instruments, a good calligrapher, and a recognized butterfly collector. He studied a wide range of traditional Japanese arts. In a unique twist of fate, he was the next door neighbor of Ukiyoe authority Yone Noguchi; he was taught English by Noguchi's American wife, Leonie Gilmour, and befriended their son, the young Isamu Noguchi
Jacoulet took a short-term position as an interpreter working for Tokyo's French Embassy in 1920. In 1929, he took his first trip to the South Seas and made sketches and took photographs of his travels, and two years later he worked with Shizuya Fujikake learning the craft of woodblock printmaking. In 1933, he established the Jacoulet Institute of Prints publishing his first woodblock print in 1934. He used special watermarked papers from Kyoto instead of the normal Japanese washi paper. He made over 160 woodblock prints and oversaw their production, and once bragged to have used as many as 300 blocks for one print, (although one of his assistants thought that number was probably closer to 60.) All but one of his prints were self-published. Jacoulet's sense of color and delicacy is impressive. For people unfamillar to South Pacific cultures, his descriptions of the exoticism, peacefulness and gentle reverence for Nature is accurate. Very few artists have explored this region of the world, and there is much still to discover.
During World War II, he moved to Karuizawa, where he survived in the countryside by growing vegetables and raising poultry. During the occupation, at the request of General Douglas MacArthur, he was recruited by Commandant Charles McDowell to work at the Tokyo Army College. He stayed in Japan until his death in 1960, although he saw a sharp decline in sales of his art. Curiously, he did manage to sell his prints through subscription to US military personnel and retired military.
Generally regarded as one of the few western artists to have mastered the art of woodblock printing sufficiently to be recognized in Japan, Jacoulet's works are almost all of people, either portraits or full body images capturing some background details. Best known for his portraits of the natives of Asia and the South Seas, he also made a substantial number of prints with subjects from China, Korea, all areas of Japan, and Mongolia. Surprisingly, only one print depicts an American subject.
He followed in the collaborative tradition of ukiyo-e printmaking, recruiting the most talented carvers and printers who could duplicate the delicate lines of his drawings and watercolors. Unlike many other shin hanga publishers, he gave credit to his carvers and printers by including their names in the margins of his prints. He was also known for having extremely high standards for both carving and printing and would discard any prints whose impression was not perfect. He spared no expense in using the best quality materials, papers and pigments, including silver and gold, mica and other precious elements. Thus, his prints have a unique beauty and have survived the passage of time much better than many woodblock prints due to the quality of materials used.
Jacoulet's works also interest anthropologists because his subject matter was mostly of indigenous people in their traditional dress. Today his work is often used as a basis for reconstructing indigenous groups to their ancestral roots. His infatuation with South Pacific islands, Manchuria and Korea turned out favorably as Jacoulet was the only chronicler of small villages, and even whole islands, which have virtually disappeared. Art historian Richard Miles believes Paul Jacoulet considered his works "serious attempts to depict a world that was not 'floating' in the widely accepted sense of transitory pleasure, but an actually dying world of rather sad, imperfect people, observed with merciless clarity."
On a side note…Jacoulet's flamboyant homosexuality was reflected in his work. As a sign of how times have changed, Jacoulet was once barred from entering the US due to his "undesirability" as a gay person. Undeterred, he dressed up in a white suit with a silver headed cane and walked into the US at Niagara Falls.
the Pacific Asia Museum in Pasadena (1983 and 1990)
the Yokohama Art Museum (1996 and 2003)
the Riccar Museum in Tokyo (1982)
the Isla Center for the Arts on Guam (1992 and 2006)
US Fifth Air Force sponsored an exhibit (1946)
Collectors: General MacArthur, Queen Elizabeth II, Greta Garbo, Pope Pius X1, President Truman, the British Museum and the Asia Pacific Museum. As a self-promoter, Jacoulet was without shame. He often sent prints to famous people to gain their attention and thus raise up his reputation. In fact, Mrs. Douglas MaArthur received an annual Christmas gift and his work hung in the General's headquarters in Tokyo, and later at the Waldorf-Astoria
Note to all you wannabe collectors….many of Jacoulet's prints are very rare because all of his work prior to WWII was destroyed by fire, except for what collectors took out of Japan.


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The 1 hour SUP boards rental is possible every day during the centre working hours, from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Before you take your board to the sea you will be given a short introduction by our SUP instructor. After that, you're on your own, exploring around and having a lot of fun!
Copyright © 2019. Metta Float - Stand Up Paddle Tours and SUP Yoga


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As the summer time is counting its last days of this year, we decided to give you a video of the days that we are yet about to experience. So we came up with this video from Sweden, shot just a few days ago, and as you are about to see, summer days are long gone up there and guys got out their snow bikes and started to have a fun in their own way. The main protagonist in the video clip is Tobias Lindberg, together with his snow bike mates, having fun in Langtrask, Sweden. And I have got to tell you, this guys really have some skills driving their crazy snowmobile (call it what you want, snow bikes, snowmobiles, water scooters)!
As you will see in the video bellow, Tobias is doing a Wheelie on the snow surface, than makes a perfect transition from the snow into the water and back again on the snow, everything you can imagine on this type of dangerous terrain.
And why not? Should he let a little water stream get on his way of having a great outdoor time? I do not think so, and Tobias definitely does not think so. So watch the crazy snowmobile video and get inspired for the next season that is right upon us!
Ever been to Lake Tahoe? Check it!
Enjoy the video below!
Feel free to Like, Share & Comment!


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$1 Suggested Tip
Sample Before You Download
About the Book About the Author
This is an audiobook my wife did of one of our son's favorite childrens books when he was a baby, Morris Has A Cold.
Sean Andre is a FORMER DJ with The WFTP Radio Network. An Internet Radio Station that met it's demise back in 2017, and also publishers and distributors of the best home made free audiobooks on the Internet, with popular series including Roswell The Final Chapter, Star Trek Starship Righteous, and our most recently growing and successful series Stargate Temporal Core.


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Just after I hauled in our first tomatoes and onions of the season from the garden, I caught this simple recipe for roasted heirloom tomato soup at HartkeisOnline.com. We had already harvested and dried our garlic a month ago, so we are all set to prepare this soup and store extra in the freezer. Sea salt, peppercorns and olive oil is all the other stuff you will need.
We are going vary the recipe by using some basil and rosemary. Another thing I want to try is creaming it with fresh, raw cream while it is steaming on the stove prior to serving.
See the recipe and discussion here.
The recipe is compliments of Andrea Milstein, the founder of Cooking With An ´Accent. Inspired by her years of living in Europe, Asia, and the U.S. Andrea is an active member of The Weston A. Price Foundation. Visit her Cooking with an Accent website.


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2011 - double exposure
Celebrating 100 years of tennessee williams
Our sixth year commemmorated the centenary of Williams' birth. The thematic centerpiece was Williams' most autobiographical late play -- Something Cloudy, Something Clear -- which we presented in a tent on the beach with its companion piece written 40 years earlier, The Parade. We welcomed acclaimed avant-garde director Lee Breuer to Town Hall, where he experimented with Glass Guignol. Among other Centennial pleasures such as the world premiere of Once in a Lifetime were Williams short stories read by Broadway actors Michael Urie and Alison Fraser.
Something Cloudy, Something ClearTHEATER - Drama
The thematic centerpiece of our Festival stars Tony-nominated actor Lou Liberatore in Tennessee Williams' most autobiographical play. On the Provincetown dunes in 1940 and 1980, then and now exist at one time, in a shimmering mirage of memory, loss and love. More about
Once in a LifetimeTHEATER - Drama - WORLD PREMIERE
with SUNBURST, GREEN EYES, & TRAVELING COMPANION
In this unpublished, never-before-seen Williams play, two conservative Midwestern families on a summer road trip to New Mexico stop at a hotel. Experience Williams up-close and personal with four hotel plays. More about
Now the Cats with Jewelled ClawsTHEATER – Comedy/Music
Starring Mink Stole and Everett Quinton
A cocktail-laden lunch with Madge and Bea turns into a song-and-dance number. Complete with hustlers, motorcycles, and genteel ladies exploring the absurd art of seduction, this is Tennessee Williams at his experimental best. More about
Orpheus DescendingTHEATER - Drama
Last year's sold-out success returns - in a brand new setting! Staged as a morality play in a Provincetown church, this Williams classic traces a boy-singer's descent into hell in the form of a small-town variety store. Irene Glezos returns with her heart-wrenching performance. More about
AlmaMOVEMENT/THEATER - Drama
World Premiere
Alma Winemiller, Tennessee Williams' favorite character, is at the heart of this exciting movement-based performance that explores Alma's unfulfilled longing for the love of her life, John Buchanan, with Portuguese and English spoken. More about
The Two-Character PlayTHEATER – Drama
"An unexpectedly marvelous, multi-faceted evening." (London Daily Telegraph)
In this critically acclaimed London production, brother and sister find themselves in a decrepit theater, compelled to act out a play about a brother and sister. An autobiographical refraction, it's Glass Menagerie meets Pirandello: illusion within illusion, where the artifice of past haunts the reality of present. More about
The ParadeTHEATER - Drama
The real-life account of Williams' impossible love affair with a young dancer during the summer of 1940 in Provincetown. A struggling 29 year old poet is on the verge of discovery, but will love ever be more than the sound of a grand parade in the distance? More about
South PatheticTHEATER - Comedy
A One Man Comedy by Jim David
An out-of-work actor directs A Streetcar Named Desire in the worst community theater in the South. Don't miss the award-winning comedian Jim David (Comedy Central, NBC) playing a head-spinning collection of Southern characters in an 80-minute, side-splitting tour-de-force about social misfits, starting over, and the need for theater. More about
Glass Guignol: A Master Class with Lee BreuerTHEATER - Demonstration
A conversation about a remarkable Streetcar, then a live demonstration by way of The Glass Menagerie with Mabou Mines actors. At the Provincetown Tennessee Williams Theater Festival, we don't just honor Tennessee Williams history, we make it. And you can be a witness to it. One night only, on the stage of Ptown's historic Town Hall. More about
Dirty ShortsREADING - Comedy
Starring Michael Urieand Alison Fraser
Cap off your weekend with two bawdy short stories written by Tennessee Williams and read by Award-winning actors. These 1970's stories celebrate sexual fulfillment as political expression. Don't miss a side of Williams you never knew existed. More about
Williams Wrote HereGUIDED TOUR
Board a trolley at Town Hall and be whisked away to view important sites where Tennessee Williams lived and wrote in Provincetown. Experience the present by visiting Tennessee's past. Actor Jeremy Lawrence will share inspiring anecdotes, poems, and excerpts from Willliams' letters in an unmatched Provincetown setting. More about


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Before and After School
Denise Arrington 720 886 2853
Kindergarten Enrichment (Kindie Enrichment)
Nancy Ripley 720 886 2815
You can visit the Extended Childcare Services webpage for more information.
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With access to the internet comes the availability of material that may not be of educational value or appropriate for students. While at school, CCSD has taken precautions to restrict access to inappropriate or harmful web sites. However, on the internet it is impossible to control all materials and limit all access to information that has no educational value. CCSD firmly believes that the valuable information and the interaction available on the internet far outweigh the possibility that users may procure material that is not consistent with the educational goals of CCSD.


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Though most financial institutions consider the credit score to be an indicator of the financial health of the individual, a person can have a bad credit score due to factors beyond his or her control like poor health or incorrect reporting by any of the credit reporting agencies. This can adversely affect the ability of the person to get a credit card or loan.
However, it is now possible to fix credit and improve your credit score by using the provisions of the Fair Credit Reporting Act. There are many firms which offer credit repair services. They basically write to the credit reporting agencies and ask them to remove any negative item in a credit report which cannot be supported by adequate proof.
Ovation Credit Repair offers two credit repair programs – Essentials program with a professional case adviser, unlimited disputes to credit bureaus, online dispute strategy management. Additionally, the Essentials plus program includes custom validation letters to creditors and a letter of recommendation.