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How to Expose Python Types from Java
Starting in Jython 2.5, Python types are exposed from Java code by adding several different annotations to fields and methods on the Java class to define the fields and methods that will be visible on the resulting Python type. A bytecode processor then adds code to the compiled class to build the type's dict and descriptors. An Ant task, org.python.expose.generate.ExposeTask, handles finding the classes to expose, running the processor on them, and writing them back out. This document describes how to use this type exposing system.
Adding @ExposedType and generating bytecode
The first step in exposing a class is to use the org.python.expose.ExposedType annotation on the actual class to indicate that it should be exposed. This annotation goes on the class itself and has three optional fields. The first, name, defines what the type will be called in Python. If it isn't specified, the type's name is just assumed to be the same as the Java class name. The second field, base, indicates the base type this type extends. It must be another Java class that's likewise been annotated with @ExposedType and sets up the type hierarchy in Python. If unspecified, it's assumed that this type extends from the base newstyle Python type, object. Unlike classes defined in Python code, types defined in Java can only use single inheritance. The third, isBaseType, defines if this type can be subclassed from Python code. When unspecified this value defaults to true. Any type defined in CPython that lacks a Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE bit in its tp_flags should have isBaseType set to false in Jython.
Once the class has @ExposedType on it, it can be fed into the type bytecode processor to fill in the additional bytecode necessary to actually make the class work as a type. The resulting type won't have any fields or methods defined on it, but they can be added later. To make the Ant task aware of it, the newly exposed class needs to be added to CoreExposed.includes file in the base of the jython checkout. CoreExposed just contains a single line for each file to be exposed with the full class name as a path in it, ie org/python/core/PyObject.class for PyObject. After adding the class to CoreExposed, executing ant will compile the code and process the new bytecode.
Exposing methods with @ExposedMethod
To actually add methods to the type, they need to be exposed with org.python.expose.ExposedMethod. @ExposedMethod can be applied to non-static methods on the class that are public, protected or package protected. When the bytecode processor encounters an @ExposedMethod, it generates a new inner class extending PyMethodDescriptor that simply calls the annotated method when bound. Because it's being called from a method descriptor, and Python method descriptors are available on types regardless of their location in the inheritance hierarchy, it's generally a good idea to make exposed methods final. This ensures that subclasses won't override the behavior of the method, so the descriptor always calls the same code when accessed directly off of the type. Also, exposed methods should avoid to call other virtual methods, directly or indirectly, unless the interactions with subclasses overriding the invoked methods are clearly documented and understood.
The generated descriptor maps the generic PyObject __call__ method into the actual exposed method. Like __call__, it will pass up to four arguments directly to the method. If more than four arguments are required, the method must take the generic __call__ arguments, PyObject[], String[]. For methods with four or less arguments, the descriptor will also coerce its PyObject arguments into Strings or Java primitives if the method takes that type. If the PyObject can't be coerced to that type, a TypeException will be raised. If the argument isn't a String or primitive, it must be a regular PyObject and the method must do its own type checking.
The return type from the method can be coerced in a similar fashion. Returns of String and char will be wrapped in a PyString; int, byte and short in PyInteger; long in PyLong; float and double in PyFloat; and boolean in PyBoolean. If the method returns void, PyNone will be returned in its place. If it doesn't return any of these types, it must return PyObject.
As with @ExposeType, there are several fields on @ExposedMethod that control how it appears in Python. The names field operates similarly to the name field on @ExposedType, except that it accepts multiple values in case the method needs to appear under multiple names in the type. For instance, the method int_toString on PyInteger is exposed with names = {"__repr__", "__str__"} as it works as both __repr__ and __str__ for int. If names isn't specified, the Java method's name is used to determine what the method will be exposed as. If the name starts with the type name followed by an underscore, the method will be exposed as the portion of its name following the underscore. This allows final, package protected methods to be specified for types that on PyObject as well without requiring setting the name on all of them. For example, PyInteger's exposed method int___add__ doesn't set names, so it appears in its type dict as __add__. If the method name doesn't start with the type name and an underscore, it's just exposed as the full method name.
The next field, defaults, allows the method to specify that some of its arguments are optional, and if they aren't supplied, what values fill in. If the Java method takes three arguments, and two defaults are given in the annotation, it can be called from Python with anywhere from one to three arguments. If only one argument is given, the first default is used for the second argument, and the second default for the third argument. If two arguments are given, the second default is again used for the third argument. If three arguments are given, the defaults are ignored. If only a single default is given, it will only be used for the final argument. As with argument coercion, defaults can only be used with methods taking up to four arguments. The defaults can take three types of values:
- null
- the String null produces a Java null
- Py.None
- the String Py.None produces the Python None value
- primitive
- if the method takes a Java primitive(boolean, byte, short, char, int, long, float or double) in the default's position, the string will be parsed using the primtive type's Java wrapper(ie java.lang.Boolean for boolean)
The final field on @ExposedMethod is type. This field takes one of three MethodType enums. The aptly named default value, DEFAULT, indicates that the method descriptor should simply call the exposed method and return using the normal coercion directly. BINARY indicates that the method is a binary operation like __add__ or __sub__. For these types, the descriptor checks if the method returned null, and if so, it raises a NotImplemented exception. This is generally used in the case where the binary method doesn't handle the passed in type. The CMP type is only for __cmp__ methods. If used, it checks if the method returns -2, and if so, raises a TypeException. This is the same sort of type check that BINARY is doing with null.
Exposing fields with @ExposedGet, @ExposedSet and @ExposedDelete
A trio of annotations are used to expose a field on a type, each handling a different aspect of accessing the field. @ExposedGet takes care of read access. It can be applied to a method that takes no arguments and returns a value, or to a field. If on a method, that method will be called every time read access is made on that field on instances of the type. If on a field, the descriptor will just directly access that field on the instance and return it. @ExposedSet can also be applied to a field or a method. If used on a method, the method must take a single argument of the same type as the @ExposedGet with the same name. @ExposedDelete is only allowed on methods that return void and take no arguments. If specified, when del typeinstance.fieldname is invoked in Python, that delete method will be called. Neither @ExposedDelete or @ExposedSet can be used if an @ExposedGet of the same doesn't exist on the type. The names of the exposed field can be specified as name in the annotation, or if that isn't specified the name is taken directly from the name of the field or method.
Making the type instantiable with @ExposedNew
The final step in making a Java class usable as a Python type is to make the type instantiable by adding a __new__ method to it. This is done with the @ExposedNew annotation. If there is no @ExposedNew in the class, the type won't be instantiable from Python. It can still be created from Java by calling its constructors directly. See org.python.core.PyNone for an example of this. However in most cases, a type should be creatable from Python so it needs an @ExposedNew. There are two ways it can be used, a simple way for types that allow their subtypes to completely override the __new__ process, and a more complicated version for types that need to have their __new__ invoked by every subclass.
In the simple form, @ExposedNew is applied to an instance method that takes the standard Jython call arguments, PyObject[] args, String[] keywords. In this form, the basic new functionality is handled by org.python.core.PyOverridableNew and the method annotated with @ExposedNew is called as __init__ as part of that process for instantiating the defined type directly. This allows subtypes to completely redefine new and create objects however they like.
In the more complex form, @ExposedNew must be applied to a static method that takes the arguments PyNewWrapper new_, boolean init, PyType subtype, PyObject[] args, String[] keywords. In this case, the method has full responsibility for creating and initting the object and will be invoked for every subtype of this exposed type. Essentially it's for object instantation that must be called for every instance of that object. See PyInteger's int_new for an example of this type of @ExposedNew.
With either form, there can be only one @ExposedNew per class.
Exposing Python types involves creating classes that the class loader can find, and then (as above) calling PyType.fromClass() on some Class. The classes get created by the ExposedTypeProcessor class in org.python.expose.generate, but as of this writing (r5593), these classes are not included in the Jython jar. It is intended that eventually ExposedTypeProcessor and related classes will be shipped separately, as a support jar. Your build.xml should also have a clause that runs the ExposeTask on the relevant classes, like this:
<taskdef name="expose" classname="org.python.expose.generate.ExposeTask"> <classpath> <path refid="classpath" /> <pathelement path="${compile.dir}" /> </classpath> </taskdef> <expose srcdir="${compile.dir}" destdir="${exposed.dir}" includesfile="${base.dir}/JythonExposed.includes"/>
(Taken from jython's build.xml.) You probably want to make your non-preprocessed classes (all the ones in JythonExposed.includes) get compiled someplace else, and only have the compiled ones show up in this "exposed" directory, so that you don't have two versions of each class on your classpath, and be careful if you're using an IDE.


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We are passionate about floors and know that a beautiful floor really sets the tone for any living space. There is very little that can compete with natural timber when it comes to adding beauty, comfort and practicality to a room. If you are looking for a trusted provider of top quality timber flooring solutions in Sydney, Hilux Timber Flooring is the only name you need to know.

subset: commoncrawl


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Franklin Well Done Printable Quotes
f you are someone who likes to have wise words and quotes around to make sure you do not lose track of your goals or your sense of humor, then you should print off some of our free printable quotes today. There are many in several different subcategories from which you can make your selection. Choose from between funny, life, love, and printable motivational quotes, among other types. You will be happy to find out that these printables and the rest of the ones we have in stock, are all free for you to print.
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By: Pat Printable
Print a Free Printable Franklin Well Done Quote Today
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Our Printable Franklin Well Done Quote is Inspirational
It is a great thing to have as many free printable motivational quotes around you as possible. That way, you can pull them out or see them around you when you are feeling a bit defeated. We hope that you enjoy all of the printable quotes which we have here, and that you come back to look around frequently. Do not hesitate to print all of the quotes, business cards, crafts, and other items you want, as they are completely free of charge.


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I am so tired of hearing about this cameras or lens is better than that lens and "deal breakers" because one body lacks a certain feature over another body, normally a different make and therefore obviously not a fan of the brand anyway The thing is cameras and lenses today are just so much better […]
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Head Over Heels: Inside Tamara Mellon's Closet
Tamara Mellon gives us an exclusive tour of her personal closet. "Everything has its place," explains the entrepreneur. There are rows and rows of shoes, and lots of leopard and lace. The self-proclaimed jumpsuit obsessive—she has 31, yes, that's 3-1 black jumpsuits—has a beyond enviable wardrobe. Go behind the scenes of our August story and get an inside glimpse at a closet that rivals even the one here at Vogue.
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Latest News
New teachers union boss rose from poverty to president
Nearly 25 years ago, one classroom at Miami Jackson Senior High held some serious, future political clout.
In front of the class stood Alberto Carvalho, a young physics teacher who would rise to become Miami-Dade schools superintendent.
And in one of the seats sat a teenager named Fedrick Ingram.
On Thursday, Ingram was sworn in as the first black president of the United Teachers of Dade, the union's third boss in the last 50 years. For the next three, Ingram, 39, will lead a labor group that remains among the most potent in the Southeast, albeit with diminished membership and clout in an era of high-stakes testing and evaluations.
"I'm super excited about being here right now, because if not me then who?" he said from an office at the union's Biscayne Bay headquarters, seated behind a bowl of lemons. "Our time is now. We've seen the lowest point from which we can go."
Around the country, teachers unions have been on the defensive. Non-unionized charter schools are growing in numbers and student test scores are increasingly factored into job performance, a movement supported recently by the Obama administration's Race to the Top grant program.
Meanwhile, the dues-paying UTD membership is a shade under 15,000, less than half of the 35,000 employees it represents according to the union. To boost morale and membership and solicit feedback, Ingram and his top lieutenants are visiting every school in the district.
Ingram wants to look at unionizing charter school teachers. He talks dramatically, quoting figures like Muhammad Ali, of wrestling away "education reform" from politicians, and combating a trend in which he says most new Miami-Dade teachers leave the profession in five years.
"I'm as optimistic as any teacher at the beginning of the school year," he said.
Union observers say he's got his work cut out for him, despite Gov. Rick Scott's recent bend toward educators. The state Legislature continues to push test-based education policies, and Florida is still moving toward the implementation of merit pay, which is already in play in Miami-Dade through Race to the Top bonuses.
"I don't think teachers are in a totally powerless position," said Brian Peterson, a Florida International University assistant professor of history who publishes the online Miami Education Review. "But he has a difficult situation."
For Ingram, that's part of why he campaigned for the job. He has overcome challenges his whole life.
Born in 1973, Ingram grew up in poverty in inner-city Miami. He was shy, largely because of a problem with stuttering that made him wary of speaking until he was 12.
"I wished that I could talk like everybody else," Ingram said. "Kids can be cruel, and it's one of the most difficult challenges of any circumstances you can have, not to be able to say your name when a teacher says 'Who are you?' "
But, with the help of music, Ingram overcame his stuttering and graduated from Miami Jackson Senior High in 1991. He attended Bethune Cookman College on a scholarship to play the bassoon.
He became the first member of his family to graduate with a post-secondary degree, majoring in music education. He has a wife, Yvetta, two daughters and a son.
After graduating, Ingram returned to Miami-Dade County and took a $33,000 job as director of the Lake Stevens Middle School band. He later taught at Booker T Washington and Miami Carol City senior high schools.
In the early 2000s, he hosted a band camp for kids who couldn't afford one. He also showed devotion to his co-workers.
Valencia Gabriel, a special education reading and math teacher who taught alongside Ingram, said he taught her three children to play tuba, clarinet and saxophone. And when her husband died, he visited her house every Saturday and sat with her and her children for hours.
"He gave me his time, and he didn't have to," said Gabriel, 43. "He kept me going."
Ingram's work and reputation won him Miami-Dade teacher-of-the-year honors in 2005. With the award comes a quasi-spokesman role for teachers, so he began to interact with politicians and district leaders. He met his union predecessor, Karen Aronowitz, who at the time was in her first term, and leading the financially weak union past the downfall of disgraced longtime union boss Pat Tornillo, who'd used union funds to support a lavish lifestyle.
"He represents the future of our union," Aronowitz said. "He brings a fresh voice to the issues affecting teachers and educational support professionals."
He also brings a powerful voice, and a strong public persona, where Aronowitz acknowledges she was "green" when she became president in 2004. Aronowitz declined to run for reelection this winter, and endorsed Ingram, her secretary/treasurer.
When Ingram joined the union's leadership and left the classroom, some found it bittersweet. But Stephanie King, a retiree who helped select Ingram as teacher of the year, said his ascension has been for the better.
"There's so many things we want the union to become. And I see great hope in him serving in that capacity," she said. "I think we need him."
Ingram comes into power at a critical juncture. A new evaluation system becomes the basis for pay and employment in 2014. Healthcare and salaries are on the table. And Carvalho has made it clear he is against the longstanding "step" pay scale, which rewards educators based on length of tenure rather than job performance.
Ingram also has his critics, who were emboldened in February when the election he won was marred by malfunctioning equipment. The process took more than 36 hours, and afterward teachers sent out pictures of vote counters with pens in their hands and questioned vote tallies that showed more votes cast at some schools than actual voters.
Ingram isn't interested in talking about fractures in the union: "Politicians would love to see us fight each other," he said.
But he's done well in the past with winning over opponents.
In 2001, Ingram made a rough first impression with then-state Rep. Frederica Wilson, who was so incensed with his band's dancing at a Orlando competition that witnesses said she ran onto the field and berated Ingram.
Wilson was unavailable for an interview, but her staff confirmed that the two are now friends.
Gabriel said teachers expect big things from Ingram, based on his past.
"People didn't expect him to make it — a kid from the projects; he stuttered; he had this great adversity," she said. "He wasn't supposed to be where he is today, and he made it. That's the story."


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Had another lesson yesterday. It was great.
I will admit I was a little discouraged, These horses are always humbling you. I knew from judges comments that we were not truely ready for second level last year but it takes swallowing pride to go back and work on the basics. Sometimes that is hard to do, but it is always worth it.
Yesterday I was finally seeing the payoff of going back to the basics. My Trainer said that we had real collection. (yes the thing that was really hard for us and we could never get, and Every single Judge said we didn't have enough of . to the point (this was a very depressing show) that a Judge commented that we did not show any collection worthy of Second Level.) So when my trainer said that, even though we were in the indoor I am pretty sure that the clouds parted the sun shone down and angels started singing in that moment.
And guess what, It was not that Whin was too long in the back or incapable of sitting on her haunches. It was quite simply that she was not forward enough and infront of the leg. I was continually trying to collect up energy that simply wasn't there.
Now this whole energy thing is very much a work in progress, but we are working on it. Same with my leg postion, My trainer said it is much better and that my leg is being much more effective now.
We worked on Canter halts to try to prevent Whin from falling on her forhand. At first Whin was a little upset and wanted to go backward but we just calmly and quietly asked her to halt, walk and canter. after a few times she understood what we wanted and did it very nicely.
I do have to work on keeping my right elbow bent and at my side to support her left shoulder.
And then we even got to work on a little shoulder in and haunches in to the left we kept drifting off the rail, to the right they were super easy not a change to the way Whin was going.
So I am very happy with the training program that we are in now, Whin is happier in her training than she has been in years and although we have had some humbling moments and will have more in the near future we are slowly crawling our way forwards.


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Boruto Uzumaki is the son of Naruto Uzumaki and Hinata Hyuga. Boruto is loud, energetic, and stubborn not unlike his father. However, compared to his father at his age, Boruto is more refined and crafty, seemingly knowing all the shortcuts, as well as more mature in knowing how the world works. Boruto eventually comes to respect and reconcile with his father and his role as Hokage, yet vows to become like his mentor Sasuke Uchiha.
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text: On Tue, 12 Apr 2005 01:02:17 +0200 Florent Thoumie <flz at xbsd.org> wrote: > Le Tuesday 12 April 2005 à 00:55 +0300, Ion-Mihai Tetcu a écrit : > > On Mon, 11 Apr 2005 18:48:18 -0300 > > Alejandro Pulver <alejandro at varnet.biz> wrote: > > > > > P.S.: the Porter's Handbook does not say anything about the > > > "OPTIONS" variable (at least I did not found it with grep > > > "OPTIONS" * in the document directory). > > > > > > Update your docs. > > That's not (yet) in the PH. > > Here [1] is the submission Edwin sent some weeks ago, and here > [2] is a summarizeed-wiki'ed version of the draft. > > [1] http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=docs/76472 > [2] http://www.xbsd.org/moin/FreeBSD/PortsGlossary/Options > > -- > Florent Thoumie > flz at xbsd.org > Hello, Thanks to all for the replies. Wich is the best way to manage conflictive options inside the OPTIONS variable? For example, I have three options: SERVER, X11 and CURSES. SERVER means the program will not be built with a user interface. X11 and CURSES (the ncurses library) are the two possible user interfaces. So each conflicts with the other two. Is the following adequate to handle it? Will the port store the bad configuration in /var/db/ports/<portname>/options? =================================================================== OPTIONS= SERVER "Server mode (no GUI)" off \ X11 "X11 user interface" on \ CURSES "console user interface" off \ # This port has a BSD Makefile (no configure) and the options are # enabled/disabled with -D in CFLAGS (I tried to put it in CPPFLAGS but # the Makefile defines its own rules; it does not use the predefined # ones that include ${CPPFLAGS}). # The variable "LIB" is used inside the final linking rule (inside the # Makefile). .include <bsd.port.pre.mk> .if defined(WITH_SERVER) && (defined(WITH_X11) || defined(WITH_CURSES)) IGNORE= Conflicting options: WITH_SERVER + WITH_X11/WITH_CURSES .endif .if defined(WITH_SERVER) MAKE_ARGS+= CFLAGS+="-DSERVER" .endif .if !defined(WITH_SERVER) .if defined(WITH_X11) && defined(WITH_CURSES) IGNORE= Conflicting options WITH_X11 + WITH_CURSES .endif .if defined(WITH_X11) USE_XLIB= yes MAKE_ARGS+= CFLAGS+="-DXWINGRAPHX -I${X11BASE}/include" MAKE_ARGS+= LIB+="-L${X11BASE}/lib -lX11" .endif .if defined(WITH_CURSES) MAKE_ARGS+= CFLAGS+="-DGRAPHX" MAKE_ARGS+= LIB+="-lcurses" .endif .endif .include <bsd.port.post.mk> =================================================================== Thanks and Best Regards, Ale


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Coconut Sugar Facial Scrub3.17 oz.
Palmer's Coconut Oil Formula products contain ethically and sustainably sourced Coconut Oil and Tahitian Monoi Oil, infused with Tiare flower petals. These raw natural ingredients ingredients drench skin in luxurious moisture for improved texture and appearance.
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Staff and students at Brooksby Melton College are celebrating after it received a prestigious quality mark.
The college has gained a Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) Award following a successful review which examined its academic standards, quality and enhancement of student learning opportunities and quality of information about its learning opportunities.
The college can now display the quality mark, indicating to UK and international students that it meets national requirements for standards and quality.
Principal Chris Ball said: "We're delighted with the grade which clearly reflects all the hard work of students and staff."


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Former Indianapolis Colts running back Chad Simpson and former New England Patriots offensive tackle Wesley Britt are two of six "veteran" players trying out for the New Orleans Saints during this weekend's rookie minicamp.
Simpson (5-foot-9, 216 pounds) spent the last two years with the Colts after signing as an undrafted free agent out of Morgan State. He played mostly on special teams but filled in occasionally with 30 career carries for 147 yards and three touchdowns.
Britt (6-8, 320) played in 16 games for the Patriots from 2006-2008 before being released last September. He was originally drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the fifth round out of Alabama in 2005 but didn't make the 53-man roster.
Also trying out for the Saints this weekend are receiver Derrick Hamilton (a former third-round pick of the San Francisco 49ers who has since bounced around with the Falcons, Buccaneers, Texans, Broncos and Canadian Football League's Toronto Argonauts); tight end Jamarko Simmons (an undrafted free agent who spent last summer with Green Bay); cornerback Travonti Johnson (an undrafted free agent who spent past offseasons with the New York Giants); and cornerback Pete Ittersagen (an undrafted free agent who spent last summer with Jacksonville).


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Elevator. Bathroom. Elevator
Allow visitors to enjoy the industrial heritage while providing a magnet program that gives them a reason to visit the site. The design will provide for minimal site impact.
Methodology: This is accomplished through the occupation of the vertical space within the central grain silos. The use of vertical room within these silos allow for over 60% of the naturally beautiful silo floor area to remain untouched. The larger building program, a cereal museum, ties the visitor to the site by use of olfactory sensory factors.


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Jennifer Doudna: is a Berkeley biologist and geneticist who co-invented a groundbreaking new technology for editing genes, called CRISPR-Cas9. The tool allows scientists to make precise edits to DNA strands, which could lead to treatments for genetic diseases…but could also be used to create so-called "designer babies."
Doudna reviews how CRISPR-Cas9 works — and asks the scientific community to pause and discuss the ethics of this new tool. Because some applications of genetic manipulation can be inherited, Doudna and numerous colleagues have called for prudent use of the technology until the ethics and safety have been properly considered.
A few things to consider…
• Should scientists be able to "play god" with DNA?
• What are some of the ways that we already intervene in the 'natural order' of things?
• Is it important that we start considering the potential outcomes now? Why?
• April 22, 2015 The Economist – Editing Humanity
• Is it ever right to edit human germ-line (sex) cells?
• Can we regulate it? Precedent: The Berg Letter – 1974
• CRISPR Letter – A Prudent Path Forward – 2015
• NIH Statement April 2015 – no funding gene-editing experiments on human embryos
• TED Ideas Blog: The Promising & Perilous Science of Gene Editing
• See what's going on at the Doudna Lab
• How's that work again? Understand CRISPR-Cas9 in 4 minutes.
• The complexity of human genetics and traits from Hank Green
• International Summit Dec 1-3 in Washington D.C.


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Saltspring Sunrise Premium Edibles is a producer of certified organic artisanal oils, and stone milled gluten-free flours.
We are dedicated to developing and supporting a local, sustainable food economy that ensures a future for local agricultural businesses and a fair price for farmers. Our artisanal oils and flours are produced in small batches for a community that appreciates culinary pleasures while benefiting their health.
At the family farm on Saltspring Island, BC, we have an established walnut orchard and 50 hazelnut trees that will start producing nuts this season. Also, in 2015 we will be growing black oilseed sunflowers and styrian pumpkins for oil seed feedstock. When we need to supplement our feedstock sources, we are committed to sourcing the highest quality, local nuts and seeds available.
Currently our feedstock is acquired from various sources on Saltspring Island, Vancouver Island, and the Fraser Valley.
Salt Spring Sunrise Premium Edible Products
Latest Press on our products
BC Food Processors Association "Path to Commercialization"
"The Path to Commercialization program was excellent!", Bejay Mills, Saltspring Sunrise Premium Edibles, Path to Commercialization Graduate and new BCFPA member. The pilot project, "a guided process for BC Functional Food and Natural Health Product […]
Aqua Magazine: "Bottled Sunshine"
Read this article here
EAT Magazine: "Zero-interest Microloan Program For Local Farmers"
"Everybody gets by with a little help from their friends, including – maybe even especially – farmers and food producers who are trying to go from low-key to profitable on Vancouver Island. That's where a new […]
Don Genova's Blog: Local Organic Hazelnut Oil
"A few weeks ago I discussed the the ins and outs of one of our kitchen staples, olive oil. Our supplies of that product can come from as close as Oregon or as far away […]
CBC All Points West: Food Matters
To hear the radio interview about "Saltspring Island hazelnut oil" click here.


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This week, we're pleased to welcome author ELISABETH HOBBES again with her latest historical romance release, A WAGER FOR THE WIDOW. One lucky visitor will get a free copy of A Wager for the Widow. Be sure to leave your email address in the comments of today's author interview for a chance to win. Winner(s) are contacted privately by email. Here's the blurb.
Widowed Lady Eleanor Peyton has chosen a life of independence. Living alone on her rocky coastal outcrop, she's cut herself off from the world of men – until William Rudhale saves her life and demands a kiss!
As steward to Lady Eleanor's father, Will knows the desire he burns with is futile – but he'll still wager he can claim Eleanor's kiss by midwinter! Yet when the tide turns Will realises vulnerable Eleanor is far too precious to gamble with. Can he win his lady before it's too late?
**Q&A with Elisabeth Hobbes**
A Wager for the Widow is your second book. Is it linked to your first in any way?
It isn't linked directly but the idea for Eleanor and Will's story came from a minor plot element in my first book, Falling for Her Captor. In that book I wanted to explain why my hero was an outsider, even though he was a nobleman so decided his mother had been a noblewoman who had married a man of a lower social class than herself. When Harlequin offered me a two-book contract, I remembered that and decided to explore idea.
Can you tell us about Eleanor and Will, the heroine and hero of A Wager for the Widow?
Eleanor's husband died at their wedding feast three years before the story starts. The marriage had been for duty and rather than return to her family or remarry she chose to live alone in the house she inherited. She's fiercely protective of her independence but also uses it as an excuse to avoid intimacy. She is determined to ignore her growing attraction to Will who she -quite rightly at first- sees as an overly self-confident chancer. As well as having to rebuff Will's advances she has to deal with the pressures from her parents to marry a man from the proper social class and help advance her family's fortunes.
Will is Eleanor's father's new steward. After an accident in his youth Will's face is scarred, and he is determined to prove that he can charm any woman he meets. If he can make some money in the process that's all for the better. Eleanor is the first woman he has encountered who resists which makes him more determined to win her over. He has risen from a relatively low beginning and has no intention of remaining a steward for the rest of his life so plans to use his winnings to buy into a wine import venture. As his feelings for Eleanor deepen he is faced with the choice of forfeiting the wager and losing his stake or winning and continuing to deceive the woman he is growing to love.
Do you have a favourite character?
Obviously I love Eleanor and Will, but despite his faults I have a soft spot for Eleanor's brother, Edmund. He's completely self-centred, has very few morals and is happy to wager his sister's virtue for fun, but despite that he does care for his sister. I knew Will's attitude towards women would have to change so was quite happy to have Edmund remain unrepentant as a contrast. I may use him again and teach him a lesson in a future book.
What attracted you to the time period?
The medieval period had very clearly defined conventions, social structure and strict codes of behaviour. Eleanor and Will are from different classes so as well as negotiating their own feelings they have to contend with Will not being considered a suitable match for the daughter of a nobleman.
I chose to set the story in the late 13th century for a couple of reasons. In the early period a widow was expected to remarry but after the signing of Magna Carta the king could no longer force this. This meant Eleanor had freedom that women in earlier periods would not have had, though of course her family has other ideas on the matter.
Additionally the late 1290s was a time when England was importing wine from Gascony and fortunes could be made for those able to invest. On Will's career path from son of a falconer to steward of a baron's estate he worked for a vintner who was offering him the opportunity to invest, thus providing the reason for him needing a quick boost to his savings.
What drew you to the setting?
A Wager for the Widow is set in Cornwall which is somewhere I've been visiting for years. Eleanor's home is based on St Michael's Mount which is on a spit of land cut off by the tide and only accessible via a causeway revealed twice a day. I loved the idea of a heroine literally and emotionally cutting herself off from the world who learns to trust and love again. I also knew there would be plenty of scope for dramatic scenes and from early on planned that the location would play a key part in bringing Eleanor and Will together.
Did you have any actors or actresses in mind for the characters when you were writing?
Eleanor is red haired and I'm a huge Doctor Who fangirl so she's based a lot on Karen Gillan, with a touch of Nicole Kidman from Moulin Rouge. I love the model that Harlequin chose for the cover.
Will is based on a mixture of Alexander Skarsgard and Chris Hemsworth, though the latter became more of a model for Will's rival for Eleanor's affections, Sir Godfrey. The hero from my first book was dark and brooding so I wanted a change. There's something about the combination of vivid blue eyes and sun blonde hair that is hard to resist. For my current work in progress I'm back to the dark eyed, dark haired combo and spending far too much time searching for pictures of Aidan Turner.
Do you listen to music to get into the writing mood or do you prefer peace and quiet?
I like to write in peace with as few distractions as possible so no music on while I'm writing. I have certain songs that I play when I'm trying to figure out plot points or characters in the early part of writing and these become a good way of getting back into the story if I need a little inspiration nudge. For A Wager for the Widow it was Thunder Road by Bruce Springsteen, which is about a man reaching out to the woman he loves.
'You can hide 'neath your covers
And study your pain
Make crosses from your lovers
Throw roses in the rain
Waste your summer praying in vain
For a saviour to rise from these streets
Well now I'm no hero
That's understood
All the redemption I can offer girl
Is beneath this dirty hood
With a chance to make it good somehow
Hey what else can we do now?'
And study your pain
Make crosses from your lovers
Throw roses in the rain
Waste your summer praying in vain
For a saviour to rise from these streets
Well now I'm no hero
That's understood
All the redemption I can offer girl
Is beneath this dirty hood
With a chance to make it good somehow
Hey what else can we do now?'
It's a great anthem for second chances and taking a risk on romance and sums up Will and Eleanor's story perfectly for me. I hope readers will agree.
Learn more about author Elisabeth Hobbes


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Welcome to Quasimondo Physical Theatre
For 7 Seasons, and over 25 productions, we've made provocative, original, & critically-acclaimed theatre. We believe our work is vital to the community, and we're launching our "Making Movement" Fundraising Campaign.
Donate today; help us build our home in Milwaukee, and journey with us for seasons to come.


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Dear '48ers, the old gray mare ain't what she used to be. I, Benchie Benchoff Page, will be sending some mail to those who were kind enough to send me their news; that will be taken care of. The group of 25 will receive news in that respect. I will make sure those who wrote me will hear the news from me.
Class Reporter:
Elizabeth Benchoff Page
(540) 459-2213


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Clark County Master Gardeners will offer a tour of the Demonstration Gardens located at the Lifelong Learning Center, 8050 Paradise Road, Las Vegas, NV 89123 (I-215 and Windmill Lane) on November 10. The tour is free and open to the public. Groups (5 or more people) are requested to call Ann Edmunds, Program Coordinator, at 257-5587 at least two weeks in advance.
Painting Your Garden with Color, Saturday, November 10 at 10 a.m.
Volunteer Master Gardeners will discuss desert adapted plants which can be successfully grown in the home landscape. The Demonstration Gardens contain over 500 species of desert-appropriate landscape plants, including: trees, shrubs, perennials, palms, cacti and agaves. Plants are identified by botanical and common names. In addition to scheduled tours, the grounds are open for self-guided walk-a-bouts on weekdays from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.


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