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Bison Airlighter Portable Electric Charcoal Firestarter
Product Info Guide
Recommended Accessories
Key Features
- Portable air-driven fire starter is the faster, easier and safer way to start a fire
- Child safety lock prevents accidental ignition
- Eliminates the chemical taste of lighter fluid or gas in your food
- Integrated flashlight and bottle opener
- Requires butane gas & electricity so you will need to fill tank and charge before use
The revolutionary Bison Airlighter is a portable air driven fire starter. It shoots a 4 inch flame that instantly ignites charcoal and wood, then delivers airflow to quickly spread the flames. Your coals will ignite in 10 seconds, accelerate to high heat in 1 minute or less, so you are ready for cooking in only 5-6 minutes! Simply start the flame by pushing forward on the main control switch, and touch the blue flame directly to your wood or coal until it is ignited. Then, flip the main control switch to initiate the fan. Aim the Bison at your ignited coals, and the heat will spread until your fire is roaring. For a greater fan effect, hold the Airlighter close to the fire, and for less just pull it back. The Airlighter uses both butane gas and electricity so you will need to fill the tank and charge the internal battery before use. To charge, plug the Airlighter into a USB charger using the included USB cable (USB charger is not included). The red charging light indicates that you have a connection and are charging. When fully charged, the light turns green. A full charge takes about four hours. The Bison Airlighter is also equipped with an adjustable handle so can you move the handle into the most comfortable position. There are three positions: straight, 45 degree and 90 degree. It also comes with a built-in flashlight for evening use and an integrated hanging hook/bottle opener.
Legal disclaimers and warnings
Product packaging, owners' manuals, installation instructions, and/or operating instructions may include more information than what is shown on our website. The content on our site is intended to be used for reference purposes only. Please fully read all included manuals and documentation before installing or using this product. WARNING for California residents: this product may contain chemical(s) known to the state of California to cause birth defects, cancer, or other reproductive harm.
Product Information
- 00817734010249
- Model Number
|Grill Type
|Charcoal Grills & Smokers
Manufacturer's Downloads
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Bison offers a one (1) year warranty on the Airlighter. If you register the product on their website, they will upgrade your warranty to a two (2) year warranty for free.
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Proposition 65Back to Top
This product requires butane fuel. Combustion of butane fuel and its byproducts of combustion can expose you to chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.
For more information, go to www.p65warnings.ca.gov.
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Ship your entire order to your home for free, especially the big stuff! * Continental US only.When Will My Item Arrive?
Once shipped, items usually arrive within 3 to 5 business days. If your item is large it may ship via one of our third-party freight carriers (18-wheeler). If your order has an item that is shipped on a freight carrier, you will be contacted to schedule a curbside delivery time.
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Return all new, unused and unassembled items in their original packaging, and we'll give you a full refund minus the cost of the original shipping AND return shipping.No Restocking Fee
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At BBQGuys.com we pride ourselves on being the grilling experts. From expert product reviews to free outdoor kitchen planning services, BBQGuys.com is dedicated to being your go-to resource for all things barbecue. Based in Baton Rouge with over 500,000 happy customers nationwide, we stand by our wide selection of grills, smokers, outdoor kitchen components and grilling accessories. Call us with any questions - we're here to help.


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I am one of those people who sets goals and really wants to accomplish them. I really do. Most of the time though, I get too distracted with my new goals to care about my old goals. But this year I really want to get stuff done. I have 45 New Years Resolutions this year. 45! They're broken down into 5 categories: Financial, Fitness/Health, Personal, Horses, and House. Most of them are really small goals, like "go jogging with Clay and Jackson on warm spring days" (this did not happen), or "clean the floor in the laundry room" (also did not happen). Of the 45 I feel comfortable saying I have stuck with 4. So clearly I'm a bit of a flake when it comes to my own aspirations. I let myself off the hook by finding something else to be obsessed with.
The problem with my attitude and Dressage is that you can't skip on to the next thing until you've mastered what you're currently working on. My goal with Savy is to reach the highest level of training that we're capable of, optimally Grand Prix. So even though I am sick of riding 20 meters circles and trying to get her just a little bit rounder with each ride, I have to stick with it. I can't let myself off the hook because without the basics we have no chance of mastering the advanced stuff. I would be lying if I didn't say I'm not a little bit disappointed that we're not further along in our training. The problem I've realized is me. I need more time to learn and gain experience. I did just start riding Dressage in September, and I don't have the privilege of having a schoolmaster to learn on. In an effort to find patience I decided to make a list of all the progress we have made. Just starting this list made me realize that it could be really long, and that we have come a long way 🙂
1. Savy accepts contact with the bit
2. Savy has no problem moving forward and my seat has become strong enough that I no longer get "taken back" or feel the need to pull back on the reins
3. I can keep my shoulders straight instead of forward (like in hunters)
4. I can sit the canter
5. Savy has become quicker in response to the queue for canter
6. Savy is bending to left
7. Savy is respectful enough of my leg that I can supple her to each side during the trot without her coming off the rail.
*Of course most of our progress is due to my fabulous and talented trainers – Nicole Harrington and Megan Pifer*

subset: commoncrawl


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Posts Tagged 'Wine'
North Forkin' in Greenport, NY
I've been to Greenport a few times now, and I find it to be one of the most relaxing and quaint little towns — the perfect spot for some summer fun, rest and recharging. As we are in the thick of summer, I think about all the goodies the North Fork has to offer and I wanted to share some of them with you.
So if you are looking for Summer Fun — have a look at some of my favorites and go North Forkin' in Greenport, NY!
Autumn Sangria
Sangria is such a versatile beverage, sippable in winter, spring, summer and fall. I like to make many variations (depending on the season) and this is the perfect blend for fall. Spiced and sweet, with a bit of a kick! Autumn Sangria is exactly what you need for a tailgate party, jaunt through the pumpkin patch or at a bachelorette brunch. Really, you just need it… anywhere.
Getting Bubbly with Franciacorta at #IFBC
Before I ventured out to Seattle last month for IFBC (International Food Bloggers Conference), I spent some time deciding what sessions to attend. When I came upon the Saturday session with Franciacorta, I didn't even need to think another minute about it. I knew immediately I was Getting Bubbly with Franciacorta at IFBC!
Hey Hey Rosé Day Party
Hey Hey, Rosé!
I've been imbibing this rosey refreshment for ages but realized some friends weren't as experienced with the elixir, so I recently threw a little Sunday night soirée. The pink stuff isn't all white zin (no thank you), there is so much more to "pink wine". What better way is there to introduce new wines than to have a party? I wanted to enjoy one of my favorite types of wine, with some lovely ladies while having some food and fun, and share a few laughs. Done and done, and done and done.


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As I awoke this morning greeted by a -9 degree wind-chill, I came to the stark realization that despite the cold, I was actually still alive. I was not in a cave, I actually climbed out of bed, and made myself some coffee, and was trying to figure out what I was going to do for the day. This is when it hit me, bikers do not hibernate. As much as I would like to sleep through the cold, the snow, the bone chilling winds, and all the other winter time festivities, I simply cannot do that. Colder weather certainly decreases the amount of travel on two wheels, but bikers do not simply slip off into the darkness for the entire winter.
Bikers are active right now getting their bikes ready for the next riding season. We have a few short months to tweak the motors, add some chrome, change out the handlebars, and do all sorts of customization options to our rides. Also, we are preparing for the bike show and swap meet season which is about the only means for larger groups of bikers to get together in the winter. Does not matter if it is in Mason City, Des Moines, the Quad Cities, or Cedar Rapids, bikers will gather to find the parts they need and just to enjoy the camaraderie of other like-minded, freedom-loving individuals.
Yet another example of the biker spirit not hibernating this time of year is an event coming up rather quickly. It has gone on for seventeen years so far, every year on Black Friday. Rock-A-Billy band member Pat Jones and Photographer extraordinaire Nate Ullrich decided years ago that shopping or being anywhere near a box store or mall would be an incredibly lame idea, so they went for a ride with some of the their friends. They take off from the Lyons Tap & Grill in Clinton on the day after Thanksgiving about 10:15 in the morning. They take off on a scenic river vista trip and hit some spots on each side of the river before finally settling back in Clinton to enjoy a seasonal cocktail. Now, when I said they have done this for all these years, this means it does not matter what the weather is. Sometimes in late November it is 50 degrees, and sometimes it is 15, but they ride anyway. There have been a few handfuls of brave souls to a few hundred on the route. It is a ride just for the sake of a ride. No cause, no purpose, no goal in mind, and no money to go along, just ride. If you ride and want to join along, find your way to the Lyons Tap on November 28th.


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You're from Minnesota. You don't need us to tell you how cold our winters can get. Brrr. But one thing that most out-of-towners overlook is that Minnesota doesn't stay cold forever. Summers here can be sticky, hot and humid. So, when you're looking to maintain comfort indoors (without breaking the bank), you need something as versatile and effective as a heat pump.
Heat pumps work efficiently with or without your current system to push unwanted cold or hot air from the indoors to the outdoors. For instance, during the hot months, a heat pump works like an air conditioner to circulate cold air throughout your home or business. And in the winter, it pushes out any cold air that's trapped inside, in order to heat your interior. Even more, to ensure that you're comfortable throughout the harsh Minnesota winters, we recommend a dual fuel hybrid heat system—that is, pairing your heat pump with a Carrier gas furnace. Heat pumps are increasingly valuable to install in your home or business for many reasons.
If you're looking to install a heat pump, you can count on the Tonna team for honest and reliable services. With decades of experience, Tonna employs a dependable service team. We understand that every home or business is different, which is why we don't offer cookie-cutter solutions. With Tonna, we promise that you'll always get products and services that are "just right."
To learn more about the advantages of a heat pump, schedule a free estimate online or give us a call at 855.89.TONNA today!


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Monday, October 27, 2008
a little more help
10 comments:
- Brian & Erin said...
Yeah! I LOVE this stuff! :)
I'm loving the version of the back with the red strip along with it. It really ties the two sides (with the red words) together as more of a composition. Also liking the front with the logo attached. The photo by itself is nice but may need to have more contrast to pack the punch I think you want for your business card.
Great idea to order a smaller batch with the simple Micah picture on the front. It will certainly appeal to a specific crowd and may prove to be useful.
Can't wait to see the finished product! :)
- ice_queenie said...
I agree with Erin and think that having your logo and then the back with the red stripe would work really well. I've been looking at them back and forth and something about those two just really appealed to me. Hope the suggestion helps!
- Rachel Hill said...
I like the logo on the front too! I think I like the photo of Micah just as much so get a lot of those too!! Where are you going to get your canvas from? I signed up with Simply Canvas and their stuff looks nice--you can do any size you want. But I haven't ordered anything yet...
- Mikaela said...
I really like the logo on the front and then the red strip with your contact info on the back. I'm not sure if having your logo on both sides in too much...but I do like the look of your logo with capturing memories underneath it. I'm not sure what settings you will be giving these away in, but I know whenever I get a business card that I don't know who the person is, I'd like a little picture of them so I can put a face with the person I'm calling. Not a common thing, I know but if there was a way to incorporate that, I it may be a nice touch. If you will be giving these out at shows and the person will see you face to face then I don't think it's as necessary. I like the picture of Micah laying down but also like some of your other unique baby pictures you do like the one with the Micah's feet in Greg's hands. I think that would be a glimpse of the unique pictures you do with babies. If you made a business card for weddings, one of the photos I would recommend using is the one with the rings in the front and the couple kissing in the background. Another uniques shot I love. Again, these are only my suggestions, you can take them or leave them. You're doing a wonderful job! What a blessing you got a little extra $ to work on your business! I'm so excited for you because I'm a big fan of your work!
I think you do need the red strip on the front. The logo with the picture is good too. MOM
- Casey said...
I love the top card with your logo on the feet picture and for the backside, I like the one with the red stripe. You are so talented-I am amazed, as always! Love ya tons!
- Jon and Lani said...
I am agreeing with everyone else--I like the logo on the front, and I like the red stripe on the back (and the capturing memories under your logo turned out great!) :)
I think Mikaela has a good idea with a few different designs to target different events (weddings, babies, families, sr pictures, whatever...) but, realistically, I know that might get kind of expensive...
I can't wait to see the finished product! :)
- Dana said...
I too like the one with the red stripe as well as your logo on the front. I don't think it is overkill - helps remind them where the card comes from.
I too think getting a variety to hand out depending upon your audience would be good.
You are a very talented photographer and you will find time to share your talent when it is God's time. God has a big plan for you - it is just hard to wait for that plan to play out.
- tiapugh said...
i love the red stripe and the logo.
looove it.
i would have totally hired you for my wedding. that's a whole other story... one that ends with us not having ONE frameable photo.
- E-Fran said...
Hi, I love the family feet photo for the business card! And your logo on the photo looks perfect, it really fits with the composition. I like the font too, btw. :) Mikeala had a good idea too...having different business cards for different types of photography (weddings, babies, families, etc.)
If you haven't ordered yet, you may like to check out vistaprint.com for printing your cards. I've like them and their prices...sign up for an account and wait before you order, you will soon get many good deals emailed to you.


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There has been an existing fundamental flaw with different regulatory bodies in the country – a penchant to bury their heads on the sand while those they are supposed to regulate have a field day and run riots.In terms of regulatory bodies, Kenya is a highly regulated country. There are tens of regulators overseeing various sectors and industries.
They range from the Communications Authority, Capital Markets Authority, Kenya Film Censorship Board, Insurance Regulatory Authority, Kenya Film Classification Board, Sacco Societies Regulatory Authority, Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) and many more.
Despite every aspect of Kenyan life being regulated, looking at the conduct of the country's business environment, it is evident that regulators have largely failed to live up to their billings. Indeed there is a general consensus that many of the regulators are in bed with the same companies and industries they are supposed to regulate and ensure the adherence of best business practices.
The fact that regulators are either in deep slumber, do not care to do their jobs or have outrightly been compromised or intimidated by those they are supposed to regulate has been badly exposed by CBK Governor Dr Patrick Njoroge. Since taking over in June last year, Dr Njoroge has been a no nonsense regulator of the banking sector.
In the 10 months he has been in office, Kenyans have come to learn in utter shock and disbelief of the widespread criminal activities going on in various commercial banks. Some Kenyan banks, it has emerged, are a bedrock of selfish and greedy boards and managements that have no respects for prudential guidelines or sympathy for innocent depositors.
The placing under receivership of some banks, and worries that more could follow, has exposed how some banks have been operating with impunity. Going by CBK actions, it has come into light that some banks had perfected the art of 'creative accounting', duping their shareholders of how they are returning high flying profits.
The CBK cleanup of the banking sector is nothing short of brave, and commendable. While it is painful for those affected, and particularly innocent depositors who cannot access their funds or transact, it is a price to pay for the long term stability and health of the banking industry. Dr Njoroge has explicitly emphasized this fact, maintaining the CBK actions are in the best interest of the sector and Kenya in general.
CBK has set a good precedent and other regulators should borrow a cue. There have been cases of malpractices and misconducts among capital markets players, insurance companies, pension funds, saccos and all other sectors and industries.
Just like the CBK, all the different regulators should embark on a process of cleanup. Indeed it is time for regulators to stand up and crack down on rogue players and actors in their respective jurisdictions. It is time for everyone to smell the coffee and know that you cannot operate with impunity and get away with it.


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Cheryl Frates
Paxton High Paxton, NE
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About Us
The Justus-Warren Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Task Force was established in 1995 to provide statewide leadership for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.
The Justus-Warren Task Force is comprised of 27 members. Twenty-four are appointed by the Governor and the NC General Assembly, and three are designated representatives of the NC Department of Health and Human Services.
Meetings are open to the public. Agendas, minutes and presentations are available online and may be downloaded.
Action Agenda and Reports
The Justus-Warren Task Force makes recommendations and compiles reports for the NC General Assembly and other stakeholders. Links to supported legislation are located in this section.


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Value Added Services
Yes, we can do more than just fill bottles! Please see our comprehensive list of value added services we offer to our customers.
Amazon FBA
We work with many clients who re-sell their brand within Amazon. Our staff can help guide you through the various packaging and shipping requirements.
Amazon Prep
Want to have your products arrive in Amazon's warehouse ready-to-sell? Yeah, we can prep that for you!
Kitting & Assembly
Our warehouse can kit various products together in poly-bags, boxes, or shrink wrap. Just let us know what you're looking for!
Shrink Labels
Want to give your product a truly custom look and feel? We have the ability to shrink wrap labels onto bottles.
We are able to supply all the required documentation for overseas shipments. Our warehouse staff can help you prepare commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin and more to get your product cleared through customs.


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See what questions
a doctor would ask.
Hypercalcaemia: Increased concentration of calcium in the blood. See detailed information below for a list of 42 causes of Hypercalcaemia, Symptom Checker, including diseases and drug side effect causes.
» Review Causes of Hypercalcaemia: Causes | Symptom Checker »
The following medical conditions are some of the possible
causes of Hypercalcaemia.
There are likely to be other possible causes, so ask your doctor
about your symptoms.
See full list of 42 causes of Hypercalcaemia
» Review Causes of Hypercalcaemia: Causes | Symptom Checker »
Listed below are some combinations of symptoms associated with Hypercalcaemia, as listed in our database. Visit the Symptom Checker, to add and remove symptoms and research your condition.
See full list of 501 Symptom Checkers for Hypercalcaemia
Review further information on Hypercalcaemia Treatments.
Real-life user stories relating to Hypercalcaemia:
Some of the comorbid or associated medical symptoms for Hypercalcaemia may include these symptoms:
See all associated comorbid symptoms for Hypercalcaemia
Research the causes of these more general types of symptom:
Research the causes of these symptoms that are similar to, or related to, the symptom Hypercalcaemia:
Read more about causes and Hypercalcaemia deaths.
Other medical conditions listed in the Disease Database as possible
causes of Hypercalcaemia as a symptom include:
See full list of 42
causes of Hypercalcaemia
- (Source - Diseases Database)
Abnormally high concentration of calcium in the peripheral blood. -- 2004
- (Source - Diseases Database)
The presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism or Paget's disease
- (Source - WordNet 2.1)
The list of organs typically affected by Hypercalcaemia may include, but is not limited to:
The list below shows some of the causes of Hypercalcaemia mentioned in various sources:
See full list of 42 causes of Hypercalcaemia
This information refers to the general prevalence and incidence of these diseases, not to how likely they are to be the actual cause of Hypercalcaemia. Of the 42 causes of Hypercalcaemia that we have listed, we have the following prevalence/incidence information:
See the analysis of the prevalence of 42 causes of Hypercalcaemia
The following list of conditions have 'Hypercalcaemia' or similar listed as a symptom in our database. This computer-generated list may be inaccurate or incomplete. Always seek prompt professional medical advice about the cause of any symptom.
Select from the following alphabetical view of conditions which include a symptom of Hypercalcaemia or choose View All.
Ask or answer a question about symptoms or diseases at one of our free interactive user forums.
Medical story forums: If you have a medical story then we want to hear it.
See a list of all the medical forums
This information shows analysis of the list of causes of Hypercalcaemia based
on whether certain risk factors apply to the patient:
Depending on the seriousness of the onset of Hypercalcaemia, you may want to consult one of the following medical professionals.
Important:In extreme cases, always seek advice from emergency services :
Calcium levels raised (plasma), Hypercalcemia
- (Source - Diseases Database)
Medical Conditions associated with Hypercalcaemia:
Abnormal blood test symptoms (1538 causes), Blood symptoms (2297 causes)
Symptoms related to Hypercalcaemia:
Increased parathyroid hormone, Increased vitamin D, Increased thyroid hormone, Paget's disease, Multiple myeloma (2 causes), Metastatic bone tumour, Sarcoidosis
Doctor-patient articles related to symptoms and diagnosis:
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Copyright © 2014 Health Grades Inc. All rights reserved. Last Update: 13 August, 2015 (0:29)


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Elijah Wood will produce and star in horror comedy Cooties.
The movie is directed by Ace Norton and is based around a mysterious virus outbreak at an isolated elementary school that transforms its pupils into a gang of savages.
Cooties is based on a screenplay by Saw scribe Leigh Whannell and Glee co-creator Ian Brennan, with Wood overseeing the project for his new production company The Woodshed.
The Lord of the Rings actor will star as the leader of a motley band of teachers, who must fight to survive when the infected school children run amok.
Wood will revisit his Lord of the Rings role of Frodo Baggins in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, scheduled for release on December 14, 2012.
Cooties will begin filming in April next year.
Watch The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey trailer below:


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Linz24 – ein tolles Video-Projekt des Jahres 2011
Jürgen Höglinger aka Uciel and Robert Nebenführ are students at the mediadesign academy wifi linz. It was the final project in the 4th semester and they decided to make a film, a music video about LINZ, the capital of upper austria.
The movie contains a journey from sunrise to sunrise 24 hours. Linz24 is a movie about impressions from their side of linz in the year 2011.
some facts:
used equipment:
format: FULL HD, 1920x1080p
music: Filmmusik von Ned Rise, Titel: Harvest
technical equipment: Canon EOS600D, Panasonic HDC SD909
BMW Z4 (roadmovies)
software: adobe premiere pro, adobe after effects, cinema 4D,
adobe encore, adobe photoshop
many thanks to : fm4, linzfest, town of linz, cembrancellar, ned rise, chris liebing, texta, and all the other people in the video!


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Countless times I trusted you,
opinion poll
Remember me:
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Gorgoroth interview
Hail Roger! What's up with you nowadays? Where are you locally, just right now, when you are replying for this interview?
- Hey there. Things are busy, but good, thanx. The Gorgoroth court case is coming up in a few days, January 28th to be exact. Just been reading through some legal papers preparing me even more for what is to come, and right now I am at home trying to end the evening by doing this emailer interview.
I think you've slowly got fed up with the following question, but a couple of people are still interested… What is the current situation with Gorgoroth? As I know there are two versions for the rightful existance of the band? Do your consider yourself as Gorgoroth member right now?
- There are two factions which both claim the name. That the other guys still use the name and logo which I chose for my project is the reason why I have sued them and am taking them to court. Those are the basics of the matter.
What have led to this "wartime" between the musicans? Last year I saw the band and -from outside- you seemed like organic. What kind of black pest led to the rupture?
- I do not consider it as a war. It was basically King ov Hell who went behind my back and, in September 2007, secretly applied for a trademark ownership of the band name and logo at the Norwegian Industrial Property Office. Thereafter they have been commercially exploiting the name for whatever it was worth. Now I am suing him, and the vocalist as well. Whatever reasons they might have had to do what they did is to me of complete irrelevance. If they were not happy working together with me, they could have gone and started their own band, easy as that.
There's a formation-version with Gaahl and King. And there are on the other side You, Frank Watkins and Tomas Asklund. What are the standpoints? You can refer to that you are the founder, and what says the other side?
- I don't care what they have to say. They for sure have had their time in the media lately. And they will be having a chance to repeat that in court next week. For those who are interested, there will probably be media present at the trial, giving it some degree of coverage. www.gorgoroth.info will give you an update on that issue as well.
There's a gossip according to the members heat the flames around Gorgoroth as a propaganda for the band. I think it's very inconceivable…
- There is generally speaking a lot of gossip circulating right now, I'm afraid. And I am starting to get a bit pissed of at all this. For me it leads only in one direction, and that is away from what is the bottom line here; the metal and the Satanism.
Let us assume that Gaahl and King would decide to visit yourself to discuss and set apart the detriments. What would your answer? Maybe a re-formation?
- They probably know that they are not welcome at my place or in my life any more at all. So that would be just silly to speculate upon.
For a while in the past the recording of your legendary show in Krakow didn't appear as official Gorgoroth release. Then suddenly it got released in this year via Metal Mind Rex. Why is it so? Why did you wait for almost 4 years with the releasing?
- It was due to external issues. Remember it was Metal Mind who released it, not us. They have had their problems with the law as well due to this, and I guess they just wanted to get everything solved in a decent manner before releasing the material. Of course, it is and was an official release. It was the intention all the way, and is of course made very clear in the contract I negotiated with them.
Another DVD got released – also on the screen with You -, called Live in Grieghallen. Is this release symbolize your farewell? Which "side" managed the release?
- CD you mean? It was meant to be a live recording. We recorded two shows in Sweden live in 2005. But it turned out to be so crap that we had to re-record it. And the budget was already torn to pieces. Thus we decided to to a live-in-studio recording. And we did it in Grieghallen in October 2007. Then the split-up happened. To make it a shorter story: Regain took my side in the conflict, and we hired in Nico Elgstrand from Entombed to help me/Regain finish the product. I re-recorded the bass lines etc etc.
Is your side-project, Orcustus still active? What should I know about this band? As I know you are also touched in Norwegian Evil. What kind of music is this, who plays in it?
- At the moment I have no comment on those two issues.
Haven't you got ideas regarding to create a fully new project with new musicians? To show the enemies your power? It would be a hard way, but to achieve your thruth via the court is a spate of time...
- I do not agree with you. I could always form a new band, find another name, logo etc. Done that, before and after. But remember I had my intentions when starting Gorgoroth in 1992. Of course I will not accept the 7th bass player's attempt to run off with it. It's the hard way or the highway, yeah!
What's your opinion about Nödveidt's suicide? What do you know about his decision? Was he your friend?
- He was a friend, yes. And it would not be appropriate of me to discuss any opinions at all on this issue in the media.
Which do you prefer mostly? To play on the guitar, bass, or acting the vocal? Which is your perfect self-realization?
- I do everything, all according to where I find it to be needed. In studio. But all in all, I am most fond of being a guitarist and a songwriter.
Have you got somekind of near-death experience? If yes, what's this? Have you seen human death in your life? Could you kill somebody if you had weighty reason?
- I remember seeing a guy die once. In an accident. He got some electricity through his body and needed assistance. I tried to help him, giving him CPR for some 45 minutes, but it didn't work out. Big deal. Anyway, what has this to do with music? It belongs to the spheres of private life. And private life is best, and most private, whenever journalists don't cross a certain border. To kill another human you say? People have proven their ability to do so a rather high amount of times through history, so that speaks for itself. I really doubt you and I are very different in that respect. Given the right setting and the reason, people tend to kill.
Do you believe there is anything that awaits you after death?
- Yes, I do.
Is there a part of history which draws you to it most? If so, why?
- There is a manifold of periods of time I am fascinated by. Too many to be mentioned here.
What do you hate most in this world?
- Every no-saying self-crippling and weak little principle, it being named socialism, Christianity, Jehova … basically whatever name it takes upon itself. I adore the man who can stand alone and be himself. The compact majority is never right!
I'm from Hungary, do you know the location of it? Do you know Hungarian bands? Maybe you know Ferenc Puskás or Attila Csihar?
- I know very well the location of it, and you would know this if you had done your homework - I played live in Budapest not too long ago... I know Attila, yes. He is a great guy and I am very fond of him both as a musician and as a person.
Roger, thanks for the interview! I wish you the best during the lawsuit. Please close the interview free in your own way…:
- Hehe, right, getting a bit pissed off, am tired as hell, and it's 04.10 in the morning here right now. Thanx for best wishes and thank you for your attention. Hail Satan!
2009. január 26., hétfő, 20:05
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If you are out of work then you might think that it is impossible to borrow money. It can be very difficult, particularly for large loans because a lender will want to see that you have a good source of income in order to be able to have enough money to make the repayments. There are a few ways that you may be able to borrow money though.
Before you do borrow though, you need to think really hard about whether this is a sensible idea for you. You need to consider that you will have to make the repayments on the loan. They may seem reasonable now, but you will have to make them for the duration of the loan or else you will have to pay extra charges. You will have to be careful as well because if the base rate increases, then the interest rate on the loan is likely to go up and this will mean that each repayment will be higher. You will have to be able to find the money to be able to cope with paying for the extra payments. This can be difficult for anyone but if you do not have very much money coming in, it can be even more difficult and so it is worth thinking about how you would cope if this should happen. It is always wise to imagine the worst case scenario to see whether you would be able to cope in the future as well as considering the current time and whether you would be able to manage now.
If you apply for a loan and get rejected, it can be tempting to keep applying until you get accepted. However, this can have a negative effect as it will appear on your credit record and potential lenders will see that you are doing this and think that you are desperate for money, which could put them off lending to you. There are other things that you should do first before reapplying.
Firstly think about whether you are applying for the right type of loan. Consider how much money you want and then what types of loans are available to give you that money. You may find that there are more options than you knew about and this could mean that you will have different types of loans to consider. You may find that you will be more likely to be lent money for a credit card, for example than for a personal loan. Of course, you need to be sensible and make sure that you get a loan for just the amount of money that you need and only spend what you have to or else things could easily get out of control.
There are some short term loans where credit checks are not necessary and these tend to be the ones that most people are able to get even if they are unemployed or have a poor credit record. However, these can be extremely expensive and if you do not pay them back on time you can end up paying a lot more than you expected to.
It could be better to try to borrow money from friends and family. Although there can be problems with this as it can cause relationship problem if you do not pay it back when expected, it can be a lot cheaper and more flexible. Just be careful to choose carefully who you borrow from and make sure that you have a written agreement as to when the repayments will be made and how much they will be. If you want to pay them back extra by way of interest or they ask for extra, make sure that you agree this as well. As long as you stick to the agreement, there should be no reason for you to fall out over the loan and things should work out really well for everyone.
It can be hard to spend enough time thinking about borrowing money before doing so. You may be desperate and just want to get your hands on money as soon as possible and not think about the consequences of borrowing. Take time to consider whether you really need the money, look at all places that you can borrow from and make sure that you are confident that you will be able to manage the repayments before you borrow anything. Although it will be nice to be positive and assume that you will find a job soon. You never know whether the interest rates will go up and whether you will be able to make the repayments. If there is a risk that you will not be able to make the payments then it is worth trying to find an alternative way to manage without borrowing the money.


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A young married woman whose husband was a wealthy man was expecting a birthday gift from her husband. For quite a number of months she had admired a very beautiful diamond ring in a showroom, and she knowing that her husband could afford it, if he would, told him that was all she wanted for her birthday, and nothing more. As her birthday was drawing nigh, this lady awaited signs that her husband had bought the diamond ring.
At last, her birthday finally came. On the morning of her birthday, her husband called her into his
room. He told her how proud he was to have such a good wife as her, and told her how much he loved her. After telling her all sort of sweet talks, he finally handed her a beautifully wrapped gift box.
Very excited and curious, the wife opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible, with the her name embossed in gold. Angrily, she raised her voice to her husband and said, "With all your money, a Bible was all you could give me !!!" She stormed out of the house… leaving her husband.
Many years passed and the lady was very successful in all her dealings and business. She managed to settle for a more beautiful
house and a new wonderful family. However, she now realized that her ex-husband was very old, and thought perhaps she should pay him a visit because she had not seen him for so many years. But, as fate would have it, before she could make travelling arrangements, she received a message telling her that her ex-husband had died. He had also willed all of his possessions to her. She needed to come back immediately and take care of things.
When she arrived at her ex–husband's house, a sudden sadness and regret filled her heart. She began to search through her ex-husband's important papers and saw the Bible, still as new as when it was presented to her. she had left it years before. With tears, she opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. Her ex-husband had carefully underlined a verse, Matt 7:11, which reads…
"And if you, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more shall your Heavenly Father, who is in heaven, give what is good to those who ask Him?"
As she read those words, a tiny package dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a diamond ring, with her name engraved on it-the same diamond ring which she saw at the showroom ! On the tag, the date of her birth, and the words. "LUV U ALWAYS" were inscribed.
How many times do we miss God's blessings, because they are not packaged as we expected?
Do not spoil what you have, by desiring what you have not; but remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.


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42% of young women who undergo chemotherapy develop ovarian failure
42% of young women who have received chemo- or radiation therapy develop early ovarian failure before age 30, while 20% of cases of breast cancer are hereditary. These are some of the facts that the Scientific Committee of Dexeus Women's Health provided today, following a review of the advances made in the treatment of this disease in women on the occasion of World Cancer Day, which is celebrated tomorrow.
The Committee stressed that the advent of new diagnostic and treatment approaches has improved the quality of life of women who have overcome cancer. "Genetic tests have increased the detection of genetic mutations by 10%, and allow to customise treatment", explained Dr. Rafael Fábregas, Gynaecological Oncology and Mastology Consultant at Dexeus Women's Health.
According to the Committee, one of the after-effects of chemotherapy is that some of the drugs used induce early menopause, with consequent fertility problems. Many women are unaware of this risk, which is why experts stress the importance of addressing this issue very early on.
While in the 70s, the aim was to increase the survival rate, the current priority is to improve the quality of life of the patients. "Some techniques are now available which are allowing us to achieve this goal, including the addition of an adjuvant treatment which helps prevent future recurrences, oncoplastic surgery, or fertility preservation in young women", adds Dr. Fábregas.


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Sodium is essential for life, but can cause serious health issues if you consume too much. While 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting sodium intake to 2,300 mg each day if you are 50 years of age or younger and 1,500 mg if you are 51 or older, the Mayo Clinic reports that most Americans consume about 3,400 mg. Because of the variety of ways sodium can sneak into your diet, measuring the sodium in food is a good way to keep your intake at or below recommendations for your age.
Analyze food nutrition labels to measure sodium in each serving of food. The U.S. Department of Agriculture requires manufacturers to place nutrition labels on packaged foods. These labels give you two important pieces of information – serving size and how many mg of sodium each serving contains – that allow you to measure sodium. Assume a 12-oz. can of soup provides two servings, each containing 470 mg of sodium for a total of 940 mg of sodium per can. Divide 940 by 12 to get 78.3 mg per ounce. If you consume three fourths of the can – or 8 oz – multiply 78.3 by 8 to get a total of 626.6 mg of sodium.
Compare foods you eat with sodium information in the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Look up general nutritional information, including sodium levels for specific foods or measure sodium by comparing foods against a sodium-specific nutrient list. This is especially useful for foods such as raw fruits and vegetables that do not come with food nutrition labels.
Measure the sodium content in salt you add to foods. Salt is 40 percent sodium and 60 percent chloride, so 1 tsp. of salt does not equate to 1 tsp. of sodium. Instead, every 1/8 tsp. of salt measures out to 250 mg of sodium. If you sprinkle 1 tsp. of salt on food, this equals 2,000 mg of sodium.


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Chiropractic specialists are doctors who conduct spine changes on patients to be able to enhance the functioning from the central nervous system and also the joints. Laser hair removal can help you restore natural balance in your body and it'll reduce discomfort and discomfort within the back.
Who's a Chiropractic specialist?
A Chiropractic specialist is an expert in dealing with a myriad of back discomfort. These professionals need to develop a 4 year training course from a certified institute to be able to get qualified. Most of them also undergo years of residency to ensure that they are able to focus on certain treatment options.
If you're going to a specialist for back discomfort, make sure that you visit one that provides extensive experience of the area and has a legitimate license to rehearse. It's also wise to have a look in the insurance programs that she or he accepts and visit somebody who has learning the specific section of the back that requires treatment.
So How Exactly Does Chiropractic care Care Work?
Over 20 million Americas visit chiropractic specialists across the nation to be able to cope with a back problem. This type of treatment methods are frequently quite different from traditional medicinal practises which professionals will goal to supply relief for your back by rubbing many places from the back and doing spine changes.
The idea that follows this method is when the spine is re-aligned correctly, it relieves pressure around the nerves as well as your entire system will function easily. Despite the fact that different professionals may have different types of treatment plans, the primary treatment includes manipulation and it will involve some ultrasound, electrical stimulation, etc.
Going to a Chiropractic specialist
Throughout the first trip to the Chiropractic specialist, you can expect to be requested lots of questions regarding your health background. This is accomplished to ensure that they are able to get a concept of the issue that you simply are afflicted by along with the possible reasons for the issue.
An actual examination will be frequently done and at this time, the chiropractic specialist will physically feel your neck, back and braches to be able to determine the potential problems. A number of them might even request you to obtain an X-ray taken before any treatment methods are began.
After the first visit, you'll be known as back following the X-sun rays happen to be analyzed along with a plan for treatment will be presented for you. Usually, multiple periods using the chiropractic specialist is going to be needed to ensure that these to conduct spine manipulations and changes.
In some instances, you may also have different oils and vitamins rubbed to your body to be able to acquire a better result. Many people are also requested to alter certain facets of their lifestyle similar to their diet, posture of sitting and kind of exercise to be able to get great results and stop any future problems.
Lakeland Spine Center is really a chiropractic care clinic that's located in Florida. This clinic provides the innovative type of chiropractic care treatment though using today's technology and new-age techniques. Non-surgical procedures are provided to patients to be able to provide them with respite from all kids of bone and joint discomfort.


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The Ferrari 812 Superfast will make its debut at the Geneva Motor Show in March – the fastest, most potent production car ever released by the iconic Italian brand.
According to its creators the new model is aimed at customers demanding the most powerful and exclusive Ferrari in the range. It also celebrates the 70th anniversary of the first official Ferrari in 1947, that like the new car had a 12-cylinder engine.
Ferrari describes the 812 Superfast as "an uncompromising sports car that will deliver exhilarating driving both on road and track yet also be comfortable enough to allow its owners enjoy it as an all-round experience."
Effectively it is a major update of the F12 Berlinetta, with a larger 6.5-litre V12 engine. This puts out 800hp, delivered at 8,500rpm, and 718Nm of torque at 7,000rpm though with 80 per cent available from just 3,500rpm. Such figures outperform the previous most potent Ferrari, the F12tdf, by 20hp and 13Nm.
Such figures are achieved by what Ferrari says is the first 350 bar direct injection system on a high-performance engine, combined with variable geometry intake tracts developed directly from the brand's Formula One racing experience.
Front-engined leader
Paired to a seven-speed dual-clutch gearbox, the unit makes the Ferrari 812 Superfast the most powerful front-engined car ever – it will cover the 0-62mph sprint in 2.9 seconds, and go on to a maximum speed of 211mph. Combined cycle fuel economy is quoted at 19mpg with CO2 emissions of 340g/km.
Industry observers also believe that this engine will be the last traditional 12-cylinder unit from Ferrari with future units using turbos or hybrid assistance.
The 812 Superfast also features the first electric power steering system ever fitted to a Ferrari. This is fully integrated into the car's electronic systems, including the latest version of the Slide Slip Control system that aids handling.
Fastback styling
Ferrari describes the 812 Superfast as a new take on the styling of its front-engined models. The two-door car has a fastback style with a high tail which is made to look shorter by the design of the sides, including bold wheel arches.
Inside the cabin has been redesigned to give a more sporty appearance.
Even the red exterior colour is new, dubbed Rosso Settanta and created to celebrate the brand's 70th anniversary.
Order books for the Ferrari 812 Superfast will open as it makes its debut in Geneva on 7th March. Pricing has not yet been stated but is expected to be more than the £241,000 of the F12 Berlinetta.
For the best independent and impartial car buying advice on the internet, always check with The Executivecondominium:
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7. What is WLTP and how will it affect me?
8. How much does the average car cost to run?
9. Rejecting a car – your consumer rights


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Limoges, France miniature cranberry porcelain watering can.
Just 5 cm high, 9.5 cm wide and weighing 33 grams.
A lovely addition to your collection.
I have other Limoges pieces available including some more unusual ones.
Limoges Watering Can
- Brand/Artist: Limoges
- Product Code: Limoges Watering Can
- Availability: 1
- Exc. VAT: £10.00
Have a Question?
If you have any questions about this item, or wish to enquire about postage please visit the Contact Us page and send us a message.
We are happy to discuss sensible offers, especially if interested in multiple items.


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Rustic Simplicity
4 Aug
Veronica is a bride who won't be cringing when she looks at her wedding pictures in twenty years time. Her choice of ivory flowers alongside earthy green notes became a gentle complement to the rustic wooden interior of the Brooklyn Winery, the venue in which Veronica and Max celebrated the first day of their lifelong adventure.
This beautiful simplicity did not lack excitement. Each floral item featured a special detail that indulged the guests' senses. Succulents and herbs were whimsically included in bouquets and boutonnieres; mason jars were creatively used as chair decorations; vintage bottles added a warm touch to the tables at which great conversations took place.
Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com to schedule a consultation to start planning your timelessly beautiful wedding.
Photography courtesy of Lauren Fair Photography. email@example.com


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Frequent Links
The Thracians (/ˈθreɪʃənz/; Ancient Greek: Θρᾷκες Thrāikes, Latin: Thraci) were a group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting a large area in Southeastern Europe.[1] They were bordered by the Scythians to the north, the Celts and the Illyrians to the west, the Ancient Greeks to the south and the Black Sea to the east. They spoke the Thracian language – a scarcely attested branch of the Indo-European language family. The study of Thracians and Thracian culture is known as Thracology.
- 1 Etymology
- 2 Mythological foundation
- 3 Origins and ethnogenesis
- 4 Identity and distribution
- 5 History
- 6 Physical appearance
- 7 After Christianization
- 8 Famous individuals
- 9 Archaeology and treasures
- 10 Gallery
- 11 See also
- 12 References
- 13 Sources
- 14 External links
The first historical record about the Thracians is found in the Iliad, where they are described as allies of the Trojans in the Trojan War against the Greeks.[2] The ethnonym Thracian comes from Ancient Greek Θρᾷξ (plural Θρᾷκες; Thrāix, Thrāikes) or Θρᾴκιος/Ionic: Θρηίκιος (Thrāikios/Thrēikios), and the toponym Thrace comes from Θρᾴκη/Ion.: Θρῄκη (Thrāikē/Thrēikē).[3] These forms are all exonyms as applied by the Greeks.[4]
Mythological foundation
In Greek mythology, Thrax (by his name simply the quintessential Thracian) was regarded as one of the reputed sons of the god Ares.[5] In the Alcestis, Euripides mentions that one of the names of Ares himself was "Thrax" since he was regarded as the patron of Thrace (his golden or gilded shield was kept in his temple at Bistonia in Thrace).[6]
Origins and ethnogenesis
The origins of the Thracians remain obscure, in the absence of written historical records. Evidence of proto-Thracians in the prehistoric period depends on artifacts of material culture. Leo Klejn identifies proto-Thracians with the multi-cordoned ware culture that was pushed away from Ukraine by the advancing timber grave culture. It is generally proposed that a proto-Thracian people developed from a mixture of indigenous peoples and Indo-Europeans from the time of Proto-Indo-European expansion in the Early Bronze Age[7] when the latter, around 1500 BC, mixed with indigenous peoples.[8] We speak of proto-Thracians from which during the Iron Age[9] (about 1000 BC) Dacians and Thracians begin developing.
Identity and distribution
Divided into separate tribes, the Thracians did not manage to form a lasting political organization until the Odrysian state was founded in the 5th century BC. A strong Dacian state appeared in the 1st century BC, during the reign of king Burebista. Including the Illyrians, the mountainous regions were home to various peoples regarded as warlike and ferocious Thracian tribes, while the plains peoples were apparently regarded as more peaceable.[citation needed]
Thracians inhabited parts of the ancient provinces of Thrace, Moesia, Macedonia, Dacia, Scythia Minor, Sarmatia, Bithynia, Mysia, Pannonia, and other regions of the Balkans and Anatolia. This area extended over most of the Balkans region, and the Getae north of the Danube as far as beyond the Bug and including Panonia in the east.[10]
Archaic period
These Indo-European peoples, while considered barbarian and rural by their refined and urbanized Greek neighbors, had developed advanced forms of music, poetry, industry, and artistic crafts. Aligning themselves in kingdoms and tribes, they never achieved any form of national unity beyond short, dynastic rules at the height of the Greek classical period. Similar to the Gauls and other Celtic tribal states, most people are thought to have lived simply in small fortified villages, usually on hilltops.
Although the concept of an urban center was not developed until the Roman period, various larger fortifications which also served as regional market centers were numerous. Yet, in general, despite Greek colonization in such areas as Byzantium, Apollonia and other cities, the Thracians avoided urban life.
The first Greek colonies in Thrace were founded in the 8th century BC.[11]
Thrace south of the Danube (except for the land of the Bessi) was ruled for nearly half a century by the Persians under Darius the Great, who conducted an expedition into the region from 513 BC to 512 BC. The Persians called Thrace Skudra.[12]
Classical period
In the first decade of the 6th century BC, the Persians invaded Thrace and made it part of their satrapy Skudra. Thracians were forced to join the invasions of European Scythia and Greece.[14] According to Herodotus, the Bithynian Thracians also had to contribute a large contingent to Xerxes' invasion of Greece in 480 BC.[14] Subjugation of Macedonia was part of Persian military operations initiated by Darius the Great (521-486) in 513 - after immense preparations - a huge Achaemenid army invaded the Balkans and tried to defeat the European Scythians roaming to the north of the Danube river.[15] Darius' army subjugated several Thracian peoples at the same time, and virtually all other regions that touch the European part of the Black Sea, such as parts of nowadays Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, and Russia, before it returned to Asia Minor.[15][16] Darius left in Europe one of his commanders named Megabazus whose task was to accomplish conquests in the Balkans.[15] The Persian troops subjugated gold-rich Thrace, the coastal Greek cities, and defeated the powerful Paeonians.[15][17] Finally, Megabazus sent envoys to Amyntas, king of Macedon demanding acceptation of Persian domination, which the Macedonian accepted. At this time, many if not most Thracians fell under Persian rule.[15]
By the 5th century BC, the Thracian presence was pervasive enough that Herodotus called them the second-most numerous people in the part of the world known by him (after the Indians), and potentially the most powerful, if not for their lack of unity.[18] The Thracians in classical times were broken up into a large number of groups and tribes, though a number of powerful Thracian states were organized, such as the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace and the Dacian kingdom of Burebista. A type of soldier of this period called the peltast probably originated in Thrace.
In that period, contacts between the Thracians and Classical Greece intensified.
Before the expansion of the Kingdom of Macedon, Thrace was divided into three camps (East, Central, and West) after the withdrawal of the Persians from Europe. A notable ruler of the East Thracians was Cersobleptes, who attempted to expand his authority over many of the Thracian tribes. He was eventually defeated by the Macedonians.
Thracian civilisation was not urban and the largest Thracian cities were in fact large villages. The Thracians were typically not city-builders[19][20] and their only polis was Seuthopolis.[21][22]
Hellenistic period
The Southern part of Thrace was conquered by Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC and was ruled by the kingdom of Macedon for a century and a half. Lysimachus of the Diadochi and other Hellenistic rulers ruled part or parts of Thrace until its fall to the Romans.
In 279 BC, Celtic Gauls advanced into Macedonia, Southern Greece and Thrace. They were soon forced out of Macedonia and Southern Greece, but they remained in Thrace until the end of the 3rd century BC. From Thrace, three Celtic tribes advanced into Anatolia and formed a new kingdom called Galatia.
In parts of Moesia (northeast Serbia) the Celtic Scordisci and Thracians lived beside each other, evident in the archaeological findings of pits and treasures, spanning from the 3rd century BC to 1st century BC.[23]
During the Macedonian Wars, conflict between Rome and Thracia was inevitable. The ruling parties in Macedonia weakened and Thracian tribal authority resurged. But after the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC, Roman authority over Macedonia seemed inevitable, and the governing of Thracia passed to Rome.
Initially, Thracians and Macedonians revolted against Roman rule. For example, the revolt of Andriscus in 149 BC, drew the bulk of its support from Thracia. Several incursions by local tribes into Macedonia continued for many years, though a few tribes willingly allied with Rome, such as the Deneletae and the Bessi.
After the Third Macedonian War, Thracia acknowledged Roman authority. The client state of Thracia comprised several tribes.
Roman rule
The next century and a half saw the slow development of Thracia into a permanent Roman client state. The Sapaei tribe came to the forefront initially under the rule of Rhascuporis. He was known to have granted assistance to both Pompey and Caesar, and later supported the Republican armies against Antonius and Octavian in the final days of the Republic.
The familiar heirs of Rhascuporis were then as deeply tied into political scandal and murder as were their Roman masters. A series of royal assassinations altered the ruling landscape for several years in the early Roman imperial period. Various factions took control, with the support of the Roman Emperor. The turmoil would eventually stop with one final assassination.
After Rhoemetalces III of the Thracian Kingdom of Sapes was murdered in AD 46 by his wife, Thracia was incorporated as an official Roman province to be governed by Procurators, and later Praetorian prefects. The central governing authority of Rome was based in Perinthus, but regions within the province were uniquely under the command of military subordinates to the governor. The lack of large urban centers made Thracia a difficult place to manage, but eventually the province flourished under Roman rule. However, Romanization was not attempted in the province of Thracia. "Balkan Sprachbund" does not support hellenization.
Roman authority of Thracia rested mainly with the legions stationed in Moesia. The rural nature of Thracia's populations, and distance from Roman authority, certainly inspired the presence of local troops to support Moesia's legions. Over the next few centuries, the province was periodically and increasingly attacked by migrating Germanic tribes. The reign of Justinian saw the construction of over 100 legionary fortresses to supplement the defense.
The Thracians remaining in Moesia were eventually Romanized, while those who lived south of the Haeumus mountains (in Thracia) had Hellenized.[24]
As regards the Thracian dispersion outside the borders (extra fines), from epigraphic evidence becomes known the presence of Thracians (mostly soldiers) throughout the Roman Empire, namely : in Greece[25] and the rest of Europe (Italy, Germany, Gaul, Spain, Britain),[26] North Africa[27] and the Roman provinces of the East (Asia, Bithynia-Pontus, Cilicia, Syria etc.).[28]
The history of Thracian warfare spans from c. 10th century BC up to the 1st century AD in the region defined by Ancient Greek and Latin historians as Thrace. It concerns the armed conflicts of the Thracian tribes and their kingdoms in the Balkans and in the Dacian territories. Emperor Traianus conquered Dacia after two wars in the 2nd century AD. The wars finished with the occupation of the fortress of Sarmisegetusa and the death of the king Decebalus. Apart from conflicts between Thracians and neighboring nations and tribes, numerous wars were recorded among Thracian tribes too.
Thracians were regarded by other people as warlike, ferocious, and bloodthirsty.[29][30] They were seen as "barbarians" by ancient Greeks and Romans. Plato in his Republic considers them, along with the Scythians,[31] extravagant and high spirited and his Laws considers them war-like nations grouping them with Celts, Persians, Scythians, Iberians and Carthaginians.[32] Polybius wrote of Cotys's sober and gentle character being unlike that of most Thracians.[33] Tacitus in his Annals writes of them being wild, savage and impatient, disobedient even to their own kings.[34]
Polyaenus and Strabo write how the Thracians broke their pacts of truce with trickery.[35][36] The Thracians struck their weapons against each other before battle, in the Thracian manner, as Polyaneus testifies.[37] Diegylis was considered one of the most bloodthirsty chieftains by Diodorus Siculus. An Athenian club for lawless youths was named after the Triballi.[38]
According to ancient Roman sources, the Dii[39] were responsible for the worst[40] atrocities of the Peloponnesian War killing every living thing, including children and the dogs in Tanagra and Mycalessos.[39] Thracians would impale Roman heads on their spears and rhomphaias such as in the Kallinikos skirmish at 171 BC.[41] Herodotus writes that "they sell their children and let their maidens commerce with whatever men they please".[42]
Physical appearance
According to Xenophanes the Thracians had red hair and blue eyes. Thracians are shown on some Attic vases as having red or light colored hair. It is by Beth Cohen noted about a vase that "The Thracian king is depicted on the vase with red hair and red beard. The fact that this vase is not Attic and, furthermore, that it might be contemporary with Xenophanes of Kolophon, may suggest that this physical characteristic of Thracians was well known among the Greeks, even those living in Italy, where this vase may have been made". Other attributes used to denote Thracians are pointed red beards (this beard-shape and color was also used for Scythians). Thracian women are identified by light-colored hair and by their tattoos. Contrary to the Greeks the Thracians considered tattoos to be a sign of nobility.[43]
Recent genetic analysis comparing DNA samples of ancient Thracian fossil material from southeastern Romania with individuals from modern ethnicities place Italian, Albanian and Greek individuals in closer genetic kinship with the Thracians than Romanian and Bulgarian individuals.[44] On the other hand, Dr. Aris N. Poulianos states that Thracians, like modern Bulgarians, belong mainly to the Aegean anthropological type.[45] This research of Aris Poulianos from 1961 is however questioned, "..his hidden programme was the intention to prove the racial anthropological homogeity of the Greek population", and Poulianos thereafter moved on to claim that ".. Greece was not only the cradle of all European civilization; it was also the birthplace of all humankind." based on remains he had discovered in a cave. [46]
After Christianization
- See also Dacian language, Thracian language.
The ancient languages of these people and their cultural influence were highly reduced due to the repeated barbaric invasions of the Balkans by Celts, Huns, Goths, Scythians, Sarmatians and Slavs, accompanied by, romanization and later slavicisation.
Famous individuals
This is a list of several important Thracian individuals or those of partly Thracian origin.
- Pyraechmes,(Πυραίχμης) was, along with Asteropaeus, a leader of the Paeonians in the Trojan War. He came from the city of Amydon. Dictys Cretensis says his father was Axius - also the name of a river in Paeonia. Pyraechmes was killed in battle by Patroclus: dressed in Achilles' armor, Patroclus routed the panicked Trojans, and the first person he killed was Pyraechmes.
- Asteropaios, (Greek: Ἀστεροπαῖος; Latin: Asteropaeus) was a leader of the Trojan-allied Paeonians along with fellow warrior Pyraechmes.
- Amadocus, a Thracian king after whom Amadok Point was named.
- Teres I, who united the tribes.
- Sitalces was a king of the Thracian Odrysian state. An ally of the Athenians during the Peloponnesian War.
- Spartacus was a Thracian enslaved by Rome, who led a large slave uprising in Southern Italy in 73–71 BC. Before being defeated, his army of escaped gladiators and slaves defeated several Roman legions in what is known as the Third Servile War.
- Orpheus was a mythological figure described as a chief among poets and musicians, king of the Thracian tribe of Cicones.
- Maximinus Thrax, Roman Emperor from 235 to 238.[47]
- Galerius, Roman Emperor from 305 to 311. He was born to a Thracian father and Dacian mother.
- Justin I, Eastern Roman Emperor and founder of the Justinian Dynasty.
- Justinian the Great, Eastern Roman Emperor.
- Belisarius, Eastern Roman general of reputed Greek or Thracian origin.
- Leo I the Thracian, Eastern Roman emperor from 457 to 474.
Archaeology and treasures
The branch of science that studies the ancient Thracians and Thrace is called Thracology. The archaeological research of the Thracian culture started in the 20th century and especially after World War II, mainly on the territory of southern Bulgaria. As a result of intensive excavation works in the 1960s and 1970s a number of Thracian tombs and sanctuaries were discovered. More significant among them are: the Tomb of Sveshtari, the Tomb of Kazanlak, Tatul, Seuthopolis, Perperikon, the Tomb of Aleksandrovo, Sarmizegetusa in Romania and others.
Also a large number of elaborately crafted gold and silver treasure sets from the 5th and 4th century BC were unearthed. In the following decades, those were exposed in museums around the world, thus gaining popularity and becoming an emblem of the ancient Thracian culture. Since the year 2000, Bulgarian archaeologist Georgi Kitov has made discoveries in Central Bulgaria which were summarized as "The Valley of the Thracian Kings". The residence of the Odrysian kings was found in Starosel in the Sredna Gora mountains.[48][49]
- ThracianTribes.jpg
Thracian tribes and heroes.
- Map Macedonia 336 BC-en.svg
Map of the territory of Philip II of Macedon.
- Diadochen1.png
Kingdom of Lysimachus and the Diadochi.
- Dioecesis Thraciae 400 AD.png
Map of the Diocese of Thrace (Dioecesis Thraciae) c. 400 AD.
See also
- Paeonia (kingdom)
- Dacians
- List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia
- Thrace
- Dacia
- Thracology
- List of Thracian tribes
- Odrysian kingdom
- Skudra
- Achaemenid Empire
- Thracian language
- Thracian mythology
- Cimmerians
- Thraco-Cimmerian
- Thraco-Dacian
- Thraco-Illyrian
- Thraex
- Tiras
- Albanians
- Bulgarians
- ^ Christopher Webber, Angus McBride (2001). The Thracians, 700 BC–AD 46. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-329-2.
- ^ Boardman, John (1970). The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 836. ISBN 0-521-85073-8.
- ^ Navicula Bacchi – Θρηικίη (Accessed: October 13, 2008).
- ^ John Boardman, I.E.S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N.G.L. Hammond. The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 597. "We have no way of knowing what the Thracians called themselves and if indeed they had a common name... Thus the name of Thracians and that of their country were given by the Greeks to a group of tribes occupying the territory..."
- ^ Lemprière and Wright, p. 358. "Mars was father of Cupid, Anteros, and Harmonia, by the goddess Venus. He had Ascalaphus and Ialmenus by Astyoche; Alcippe by Agraulos; Molus, Pylus, Euenus, and Thestius, by Demonice the daughter of Agenor. Besides these, he was the reputed father of Romulus, Oenomaus, Bythis, Thrax, Diomedes of Thrace, &c."
- ^ Euripides, p. 95. "[Line] 58. 'Thrace's golden shield' – One of the names of Ares was Thrax, he being the Patron of Thrace. His golden or gilded shield was kept in his temple at Bistonia there. Like the other Thracian bucklers, it was of the shape of a half-moon ('Pelta'). His 'festival of Mars Gradivus' was kept annually by the Latins in the month of March, when this sort of shield was displayed."
- ^ Hoddinott, p. 27.
- ^ Casson, p. 3.
- ^ John Boardman, I.E.S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N.G.L. Hammond. The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World, Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC. Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 53. "Yet we cannot identify the Thracians at that remote period, because we do not know for certain whether the Thracian and Illyrian tribes had separated by then. It is safer to speak of Proto-Thracians from whom there developed in the Iron Age..."
- ^ The catalogue of Kimbell Art Museum's 1998 exhibition Ancient Gold: The Wealth of the Thracians indicates a historical extent of Thracian settlement including most of the Ukraine, all of Hungary and parts of Slovakia. (Kimbell Art – Exhibitions)
- ^ Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 1515. "From the 8th century BC the coast Thrace was colonised by Greeks."
- ^ Susan Wise Bauer. The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome. W.W. Norton & Company, 2007, p. 517. "Megabazus turned Thrace into a new Persian satrapy, Skudra."
- ^ The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, ISBN 0-19-860641-9, page 1514,"The kingdom of the Odrysae, the leading tribe of Thrace extented in present-day Bulgaria, Turkish Thrace (east of the Hebrus) and Greece between the Hebrus and Strymon except for the coastal strip with its Greek cities."
- ^ a b "The Thracians, 700 BC - AD 46". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d e "A Companion to Ancient Macedonia". Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ^ The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth,ISBN 0-19-860641-9,"page 1515,"The Thracians were subdued by the Persians by 516"
- ^ "Persian influence on Greece (2)". Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ^ Herodotus. Histories, Book V.
- ^ John Boardman, I.E.S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N.G.L. Hammond. The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 612. "Thrace possessed only fortified areas and cities such as Cabassus would have been no more than large villages. In general the population lived in villages and hamlets."
- ^ John Boardman, I.E.S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N.G.L. Hammond. The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 612. "According to Strabo (vii.6.1cf.st.Byz.446.15) the Thracian -bria word meant polis but it is an inaccurate translation."
- ^ Mogens Herman Hansen. An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation. Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 888. "It was meant to be a polis but this was no reason to think that it was anything other than a native settlement."
- ^ Christopher Webber and Angus McBride. The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms). Osprey Publishing, 2001, p. 1. "They lived almost entirely in villages; the city of Seuthopolis seems to be the only significant town in Thrace not built by the Greeks (although the Thracians did build fortified refuges)."
- ^ http://eprints.jiia.it:8080/148/1/Luca_dacian-warriors.pdf
- ^ D. Samsaris, The Hellenization of Thrace during the Greek and Roman Antiquity (Diss. in Greek), Thessaloniki 1980
- ^ D. Samsaris, Les Thraces dans l' Empire romain d' Orient (Le territoire de la Grece actuelle). Etude ethno-demographique, sociale, prosopographique et anthroponymique, Jannina 1993
- ^ Al. Fol, Les Thraces dans l' Empire romain d' Occident (I-III siecle), GSU-FIF Sofia 1965, 1968, 1969
- ^ D. Samsaris,Relations entre le peninsule Balkanique et l' Afrique romaine (Population et onomastique balkanique en Afrique), "L' Africa Romana", Sassari 1988, p. 403-430
- ^ D. Samsaris, Les Thraces dans l' Empire romain d' Orient (Asie Mineure, Syrie, Palestine et Arabie), Dodona 19 (1), 1989, p. 5-30
- ^ Christopher Webber and Angus McBride. The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms). Osprey Publishing, 2001, p. 1. "Perhaps the prospect of getting to the spoils explains Thucydides VII, 29: `For the Thracian race, like all the most bloodthirsty barbarians, are always particularly bloodthirsty when everything is going their own way.'
- ^ Duncan Head and Ian Heath. Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars 359 BC to 146 BC: Organisation, Tactics, Dress and Weapons. Wargames Research Group, 1982, p. 51.
- ^ Plato. The Republic: "Take the quality of passion or spirit;--it would be ridiculous to imagine that this quality, when found in States, is not derived from the individuals who are supposed to possess it, e.g. the Thracians, Scythians, and in general the northern nations;"
- ^ Plato. Laws: "Are we to follow the custom of the Scythians, and Persians, and Carthaginians, and Celts, and Iberians, and Thracians, who are all warlike nations, or that of your countrymen, for they, as you say, altogether abstain?"
- ^ Polybius. Histories, 27.12.
- ^ Tacitus. The Annals: "In the Consulship of Lentulus Getulicus and Caius Calvisius, the triumphal ensigns were decreed to Poppeus Sabinus for having routed some clans of Thracians, who living wildly on the high mountains, acted thence with the more outrage and contumacy. The ground of their late commotion, not to mention the savage genius of the people, was their scorn and impatience, to have recruits raised amongst them, and all their stoutest men enlisted in our armies; accustomed as they were not even to obey their native kings further than their own humour, nor to aid them with forces but under captains of their own choosing, nor to fight against any enemy but their own borderers."
- ^ Polyaenus. Strategems. Book 7, The Thracians.
- ^ Strabo. History, 9.401 (9.2.4).
- ^ Polyaenus. Strategems. Book 7, Clearchus.
- ^ Christopher Webber and Angus McBride. The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms). Osprey Publishing, 2001, p. 6.
- ^ a b Zofia Archibald. The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace: Orpheus Unmasked (Oxford Monographs on Classical Archaeology). Clarendon Press, 1998, p. 100.
- ^ Christopher Webber and Angus McBride. The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms). Osprey Publishing, 2001, p. 7.
- ^ Christopher Webber and Angus McBride. The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms). Osprey Publishing, 2001, p. 34.
- ^ Herodotus (trans. G.C. Macaulay). The History of Herodotus (Volume II). "Of the other Thracians the custom is to sell their children to be carried away out of the country; and over their maidens they do not keep watch, but allow them to have commerce with whatever men they please, but over their wives they keep very great watch."
- ^ Beth Cohen (ed.) Not the Classical Ideal: Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art. Leiden, 2000 pp. 370-375. (Online)
- ^ Cardos, G., Stoian V., Miritoiu N., Comsa A., Kroll A., Voss S., Rodewald A., p. 246. "Computing the frequency of common point mutations of the present-day European population with the Thracian population has resulted that the Italian (7.9 %), the Alban (6.3 %) and the Greek (5.8 %) have shown a bias of closer genetic kinship with the Thracian individuals than the Romanian and Bulgarian individuals (only 4.2%)."
- ^ Poulianos, Aris N., 1961, The Origin of the Greeks, Ph.D. thesis, University of Moscow, supervised by F.G.Debets
- ^ Sevasti Trubeta, Physical Anthropology, Race and Eugenics in Greece (1880s–1970s) BRILL 2013, pp. 196-201 Online
- ^ Most likely he was of Thraco-Roman origin, believed so by Herodian in his writings,(Herodian, 7:1:1-2) and the references to his "Gothic" ancestry might refer to a Getae origin (the two populations were often confused by later writers, most notably by Jordanes in his Getica), as suggested by the paragraphs describing how "he was singularly beloved by the Getae, moreover, as if he were one of themselves" and how he spoke "almost pure Thracian".(Historia Augusta, Life of Maximinus, 2:5)
- ^ "Bulgarian Archaeologists Make Breakthrough in Ancient Thrace Tomb". Novinite. March 11, 2010. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
- ^ "Bulgarian Archaeologists Uncover Story of Ancient Thracians' War with Philip II of Macedon". Novinite. June 21, 2011. Retrieved June 24, 2011.
- Marazov, Ivan (ed.). Ancient Gold: The Wealth of the Thracians. NY: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1998. Texts by Marazov, Ivan; Venedikov, Ivan; Fol, Alexander; Tacheva, Margarita. ISBN 9780810919921.
- Best, Jan and De Vries, Nanny. Thracians and Mycenaeans. Boston, MA: E.J. Brill Academic Publishers, 1989. ISBN 90-04-08864-4.
- Cardos, G., Stoian V., Miritoiu N., Comsa A., Kroll A., Voss S., Rodewald A. "Paleo-mtDNA analysis and population genetic aspects of old Thracian populations from South-East of Romania". Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine 12(4), pp. 239–246, 2004. (Article)
- Casson, Lionel. "The Thracians". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New Series, Vol. 35, No. 1, (Summer, 1977), pp. 2–6.
- Hoddinott, Ralph F. The Thracians. Thames & Hudson, 1981. ISBN 0-500-02099-X.
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ancient Thrace and Ancient Thracians.
- Thrace and the Thracians (700 BC to 46 AD)
- Ancient Thracians. Art, Culture, History, Treasures
- Information on Ancient Thrace
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Camp Woodland Reunion July 14, 2012
What: Camp Woodland Reunion and Square and Folk dancing
When: Saturday July 14, 2012, 9:30 AM - 6:30 PM
Where: University at Albany, SUNY, Campus Center
Activities include:
• Panel Discussion on the Norman Studer Vision of a Living Democracy (Lead by Joan Studer, Bill Horn, Sue Rosenberg and others).
• Panel discussion of historical period that Camp Woodland existed, the oral history/folklore of the Catskill area and the role of the SUNY archive in preserving the Camp Woodland Archive.
• Sessions to sing the songs collected in the Catskills and other songs sung at camp Woodland: an informal sing with non-performing campers joining with performers and the singing of the Cantatas sung at Catskill Folk Festivals. Lonesome Train, We've Come from the City, Boney Quillen, Sojourner Truth. Conducted by former Music Counselors.
• Square and Folk dancing to songs from Camp Woodland.
• Oral history interviews of Camp Woodland alumni by Ellen McHale, New York Folklore Society, and Dr. Gerald Zahavi, University at Albany Professor of History, who will be recording alumni memories of camp.
• The Norman Studer Papers Archive will be available for review including Camp Woodland archive, materials such as correspondence, diaries, student writings, audio recordings, 16mm films, and photographs. The papers contain an extraordinary collection of reel-to-reel audiotapes capturing local Catskill informant interviews, a wide array of regional and national folk singers performing at Camp Woodland folk festivals.
Here's a link to the official event website:


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Today's opponent is Texas. Check out their schedule, roster and stats.
» Knocked off the top (By Gary Bedore)
» Setback could be costly (By Tom Keegan)
» Langford looks on (By Ryan Greene)
» UT's James dominates after break (By Tom Keegan)
» Kansas basketball notebook (By Gary Bedore )
AUSTIN, Texas - One down, one to go. That's the way it is right now for No. 3 Kansas University, who faces its second major backcourt challenge in a three-day stretch tonight in Austin, Texas, against the No. 11 Longhorns. Texas (19-4 overall, 6-2 Big 12) is coming off a 71-65 overtime win Saturday on the road over Iowa State. The effort was paced by junior guard A.J. Abrams' 25 points, including seven three-pointers. Abrams, who averaged 18.5 points per contest in two meetings with the Jayhawks in 2006-07, leads the 'Horns with 72 treys made. He's averaging 17.9 points per game this season, which is second on the team to sophomore D.J. Augustin, putting away 19.7 points and 5.4 assists a night. Augustin was the Big 12 preseason Player of the Year. Read more »
The Greene Room comes to you live from Austin, where Bill Self goes for his first win at the Erwin Center in three tries as KU's coach. Enter The Greene Room »
Tying up loose ends from KU's second loss of the season, this one coming in Austin to the No. 11 Texas Longhorns. KU was stellar offensively for a half, but shot poorly after halftime and was outrebounded 23-12 after the break. Read more and hear postgame audio »
KU coach Bill Self met with the media after his team's 72-69 loss to Texas down in Austin. The Jayhawks fell behind in the second half in large part because of the post presence both in the point column and on the glass from Texas in the final 20 minutes. Texas sophomore Damion James scored 12 of his 14 points after the break and ripped down all 13 of his rebounds in that period. In fact, he outrebounded KU 13-12 in the second half. Listen here and subscribe to postgame press conferences on iTunes »
Ryan Greene, Gary Bedore and Tom Keeagn take a look at just what went wrong for KU in a Big Monday loss in Austin, 72-69 at the hands of Texas. Plus, the guys discuss Mario Chalmers' further development as the Jayhawks' go-to guy and just what right now would be considered KU's best win in the 2007-08 season. Listen here and subscribe to Spodcasters in iTunes » | Visit The Spodcasters on Myspace »
Mario Chalmers had 13 points on an average shooting night in a loss for KU, but further established himself as KU's go-to guy in crunch time, hitting one key three in the final minute and nearly nailing another. Read more »
See photos from KU's second loss of the season. The Jayhawks played in front of 16,775 at the Erwin Center, including some recognizable faces. Among them were UT football greats Aaron Ross and Vince Young, plus former KU guard Keith Langford. See photos »
Check out the final stats from a KU's loss in Austin. The Jayhawks were led by Darrell Arthur's 22 points, but KU was outrebounded 36-35 in the game and, more notably, 23-12 in the game's final 20 minutes. See stats »


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I wanted to address the blended family dynamic, as it seems to provide challenges for many families these days. I believe that I can offer a unique perspective to help out in these situations.
- Younger kids will tend to ask more questions, as traditional family roles conflict with their own family and they are simply trying to make sense of their world. Be patient, listen first, and provide age appropriate answers.
- Don't force the relationship with your step-child; let it happen naturally over time.
- Not in every case, but in most situations your step-child already has a mom/dad, so realize that you aren't trying to replace anyone, you are simply an added component.
- "It takes a village to raise a child" is a good philosophy to hold onto. The more people around the kids who are there to love and protect them, the better.
- Open communication and appropriately set boundaries have contributed to us weathering some tough storms over the years. Remember, it is everyone's job in the family to respect each other.
- Whenever possible, go to your kid's extra-curricular activities together. We have had situations with "Mom" and "Step-Mom" at the soccer field, sitting side by side, sipping coffee and cheering for the team. This is a wonderful way to truly show your kids how much you love them.
- Don't put your kids in the middle of any situation. And don't make arrangements through them. Instead, work through scheduling conflicts and any other issues between the parents.
- Don't discuss any financial issues in front of the kids. Do you want your kids to feel that they are property? That is how they internalize it. Simply don't do it.
Above all else, realize that your kids never wanted to go through divorce. So do everything you can with that in mind. Be patient, love them, and be there for them through it all.


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Here is a Z-fold card that I made before I went into hospital and forgot to post. These cards are really easy to make but look a little bit different to the more common landscape or portrait layout. An A4 sheet of navy cardstock has been cut in half lengthways, folded in half and the front folded back on itself to create the card base. A piece of pale blue designer paper has been added to the card front. The sentiments panel has been embossed in silver on pale blue cardstock, matted onto a navy panel and mounted onto the left-hand side of the base. Make sure you only apply adhesive to the left-hand side of the navy panel or your card won't open! A piece of white cardstock has been placed on the inside of the card and a swirl stamped round the outer edge in pale blue ink (leaving room to write a message).
Punches are used to create the little medallion which keeps the card shut – pale blue cardstock with a silver-embossed snowflake is layered onto white then navy scalloped cardstock. The medallion is raised on dimensionals to allow the card front to be tucked underneath.
PS Sorry for the photo quality, the weather is very dark and miserable today and my editing skills are non-existent!
Products used (all Stampin' Up!):
- Stamps – Season of Joy
- Ink – Versamark, Bashful Blue
- Cardstock – Night of Navy, Bashful Blue, Whisper White
- Other – silver embossing powder, scallop punch, 1 3/8" circle punch, 1 1/4 " circle punch, Cutie Pie designer paper (retired), dimensionals


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By a series of interesting coincidences in life, I have recently found myself in contact with Andrew Hugill, who is, among many other things, the Director of the Institute of Creative Technologies at DeMontfort University in Leicester, UK. Andrew sent me a copy of a CD of his music called "Pataphysical Piano" which I have truly enjoyed, and recommend to those interested in new directions in music. That, however, is not the intent of this blog (although I'm sure he won't mind a few extra sales).
Rather, I was curious about the term "pataphysics" and was pleased to see a Wikipedia entry on the subject show up in the first page of the 45,000 or so Google finds. The original definition was ""the science of imaginary solutions, which symbolically attributes the properties of objects, described by their virtuality, to their lineaments" which didn't shed much light. However, it was later stated to be the principles that rest on "the truth of contradictions and exceptions." This latter, for those of you who know me, is way too good to believe — as I believe a crucial aspect of the Semantic Web is that we will have to learn to live with the truth of contradictions and exceptions, and that that is the main argument I've been having with the forces of neatness, many of whom have clustered in the OWL 2 WG.
The philosopher, playwright and general polymath Alfred Jarry, who coined the term pataphysics, stated that it was "as far from metaphysics as metaphysics extends from regular reality." I am happy to report that Googling for the term "patadata" I only find 10 hits, none of which uses it to mean "data interpreted through the truth of contradictions and exceptions" which is "as far from metadata as metadata extends from a databased representation of reality." So consider this term now to be coined with exactly that meaning, and I happily join the ranks of previous petaphysicists as I continue my study of the functions and properties of "patadata markup" — a long paper on which I will publish as soon as I work out a few more details.
Yours patalogically,
Jim Hendler
p.s. Interestingly, one of the interesting aspect of pataphysics throughout the past century has been a mix of seriousness and parody, often non-distinguishably entwined. I hope to continue that tradition with this blog post and my future writings on the subject.


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Yes. Study abroad opportunities are available for a semester, full academic year, or summer to all Columbia undergraduates. The staff of the Office of Global Programs helps students learn more about these opportunities. As an internationally-minded office, the staff is well-equipped to discuss cross-cultural issues and the benefits of enhancing students' international experiences.
Can international students go on a term abroad?
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International at Columbia
510 Alfred Lerner Hall
510 Alfred Lerner Hall
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New York, NY 10027
Call: 001 (212) 854-0720
Fax: 001 (212) 854-9801
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The resignation of Ms Yakhe Kwinana from the board of SAA is an insincere and selfish move which smacks of a self-preserving act by a person around whom the walls of an investigation are closing fast.
OUTA is firm that Ms Kwinana, together with Ms Dudu Myeni, the SAA Chairperson, will both be declared delinquent directors in due course. Announcements on OUTA's actions toward this outcome will be made in the near future.
"OUTA has been investigating Ms Kwinana's conduct and dubious interference in decision making as an SAA board member for some time now, and her conduct falls very short when analysed against the test of a reasonable board member. She may run, but she cannot hide as her fingerprints are all over the cookie jar and they're not going away", says Ivan Herselman, OUTA's Director of Legal Affairs.
Ms Kwinana's conduct as a professional has been somewhat unbecoming for a professional person in her position. Most notably, we believe she has acted with disregard for the principles and practises that govern her profession as a chartered accountant and falling well short of complying with the ethics in SA Institute of Chartered Accountants' (SAICA) Code of Professional Conduct.
OUTA will level a list of notable acts of misconduct against Ms Kwinana, which we believe will prove her a delinquent director, the most recent one being BNP Capital Transaction Advisor deal, where she had approved (via signing and endorsing a resolution) the transaction, despite the requisite internal control measures relating thereto and sound internal advice from the Airline's Treasury department being provided against this transaction.
In our opinion, Ms Kwinana's lack of oversight when exercising these decisions, not only an independent board member but also as a chartered accountant and the chair of the board's audit and risk committee, is a serious offence. Other forms of misconduct include the alleged intimidation of a number of executive staff members in relation to issues of procurement of service providers, whilst exercising an active role in influencing certain service provider appointments.
In OUTA's quest to show that Ms Yakhe Kwinana has acted unlawfully or she is declared as a delinquent director, we will request that Kwinana Associates, the auditing firm owned by Yakhe Kwinana, will no longer be fit to do business with government, and therefore will also be requesting national Treasury to place a restriction on all organs of state from entering into any new business which has Ms Kwinana as a director, as her alleged unlawful conduct renders her unfit to provide services to government.
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Article source: http://mype.co.za/new/saa-board-member-resignation-too-late-to-escape/74688/2016/08