text:
Americans inclined to support President Obama's health care overhaul might want to first look at the so-called "cap-and-trade" legislation passed by the House of Representatives with the president's support.
Its 1,200 pages must rank among the most complex and convoluted pieces of legislation ever devised, making old, Soviet-style government edicts appear streamlined by comparison.
Former President Jimmy Carter, who oversaw the last formal effort Washington undertook to mandate comprehensive energy usage, was a novice compared to the heavy-handed, global-oriented approach by Obama and his Democratic colleagues in the House. Where Carter, a generation ago, was content to turn down the thermostat and lecture the country while wearing a cardigan sweater in front of a warmly glowing fireplace, Obama uses 21st-century communications tools and offers to change not just America's energy system, but the entire world's — with taxpayer dollars by the trillions.
The regulatory behemoth that would be unleashed by the cap-and-trade legislation, if it were to become law, starts with a group of "experts" deciding how much carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse gases" the earth's atmosphere can withstand. These then become the "targets" that bad-guy emitters (such as manufacturing plants) would have to meet by "buying" annual "emission permits" from Uncle Sam or on the secondary market. They could trade — that is, buy and sell — their permits to meet their target or cap; hence the term, "cap-and-trade." The number of permits drops annually until a "safe" level of emissions is reached.
Some 85 percent of the initial offering of permits would be given to certain favored industries, states and Indian tribes. These entities, of course, could then trade them to other "polluters." All this would be monitored and enforced by government bureaucrats.
As if this scenario would not be enough to make your eyes roll and your hands rush to grab your wallet and hold it near, there is yet another bureaucratic overlay nestled in the legislation . The bill establishes a mechanism for "polluters" to obtain two billion "offsets" that would allow them to emit more greenhouse gasses than their permits would otherwise allow. These "offsets" consist of paying for "green projects" in the U.S. or — get this — somewhere else on the globe.
Thus, a manufacturing plant in, say, Gary, Ind., that is exceeding its "permitted" expulsion of CO2, could continue to commit this sin against humanity by paying for a Brazilian farmer to plant some trees in the rain forest. A more patriotic company might achieve the same result by paying an Iowa former to implement more "Earth-friendly" farming practices. Of course, to guard against some nefarious polluter trying to cheat Uncle Sam and the world by claiming bogus "offsets," there must be a monitoring mechanism. Enter the "Offsets Integrity Advisory Board" — yet another group of scientific "experts" that would be tasked with compiling a list of qualifying offsets around the globe.
Utility companies would be required to purchase increasing percentages of their electricity from "renewable sources," but they could meet these mandates, at least in part, by forcing their customers to reduce their energy usage. Those customers — that is, every individual, family and business in the country — also would be forced to change building codes in order to use less energy, change lighting systems employed in homes and outdoor areas, and buy more expensive "energy-efficient" appliances.
This discussion barely scratches the surface of the Byzantine system of mandates and favors that would be doled out by the government if this legislation reaches Obama's desk. The cost is impossible to calculate, except to know it will be in the trillions of dollars. For a plan based on bad science and proposing to implement a model that's already failed in Europe, that's a price no responsible American ought to accept. But, how can you put a pricetag on saving the world and all of mankind?
July 6th, 2009
8:58 am
Mr. Barr left something out in his comments about Carter and energy policy reform–namely, the fact that he was 100% RIGHT. And after three decades of pretending otherwise, we're now facing a much worsened problem requiring much more intensive effort to fix.
Glad to see Obama's taking the energy crisis seriously. Too many administrations since Carter have acted like our oil addiction is both inevitable and sustainable.
July 6th, 2009
9:14 am
Get real, Copyleft. Have you read the bill? You can't mandate science. Scientific advances happen as they do – "requiring" magical new energy sources doesn't solve anything, it just throws money away.
July 6th, 2009
9:22 am
Perhaps if you wern't in such a hurry to declare Then President Crater a buffoon and actually did something constructive at that time we would not be facing this overreaching legislation in our time.
Go back to your Gingrich world of "insert belittling words" and wait. It will cool off sooner or later.
July 6th, 2009
9:26 am
glad to see that its going to be government scientists that determine these mandates. you know, the same ones whose hard work blows up the space shuttle, has to redo their computer algorithms three times to fit actual temperature conditions, that say inflating a tire can save the world, that are now in the MINORITY on global warming. yeah, those guys.
God help us all.
July 6th, 2009
9:30 am
Dear Bob, as is customary with those of you who disagree with Obama's policies, about all you can do is complain. As Copyleft has stated, years of pushing off energy reform has placed the United States in the position of next-to-no options. This is also true of Social Security, healthcare, and transportation. Bob, you and your Republican and Libertarian friends have had ample time to formulate and initiate solutions that work. You have wasted our time with wanting to go back to a time that never existed in this country. So continue to rant on as the new generation and the world pass you by.
July 6th, 2009
9:30 am
its sad when people believe we are causing global warming. if i recall its a natural cycle, dont give yourself so much credit
July 6th, 2009
9:34 am
CopyLeft, you are living proof that the public school systems are failing us. Obozo's policy makes us more dependent on foreign oil, not more independent; exactly opposite of what we need. Cap and Tax is just the way that they want to tax everybody, where is my tax cut for 95% of us? Giving me a $400 a year tax cut then taxing energy by 1900% does not equate to a tax cut, but a tax increase. Carter was a loser and Obozo is already making Carter look good, how sad. It is time our politicians to stop worrying what the rest of the world is doing and worry about America. We are not "Citizens of the World" we are Americans that need representation that understands that. Vote out ALL incumbents and let's put in libertarian representation.
July 6th, 2009
9:38 am
Just a thought, when you have 80,000 people in a sporting event don't they give off lots of C02, how long till the Obozo administration tries to tax sporting events under Cap and Tax?
July 6th, 2009
9:50 am
[...] an unabridged dictionary. NJ Republicans give energy bill a boost The Star-Ledger – NJ.com Cap-and-trade's a lot of hot air Atlanta Journal [...]
July 6th, 2009
9:51 am
Well, Californication, when you have 80,000 people at a sporting event you have a UGA football game. And what they give off is alot of methane. Which UGA folks are famous for. You could pay for it by trading for credits from GA Tech where they only have 2,000 people at a game. If they're giving free hot dogs and Cokes, that is. I hope this clears everything up for you.
July 6th, 2009
9:52 am
Forcing pro-green policy no matter how much it hurts us. I like many people work 3 jobs and can hardly afford support my family as it is and now they want to make our utility bills higher. Typical elitist, socialist ideals that have failed time and time again. The planet as been here for a long time, it will continue to function no matter what we do. Get over yourselves.
Rom. 1:21-22
21 For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22 Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools
July 6th, 2009
10:00 am
Run a net search on Carol Browner. She is the "behind the scenes/under the radar" common thread to "all things environmental" since Clinton appointed her. She is a master "shake-down artist" that could rival any extortion scheme.
While living in Florida before and after her tenure there, while also working for the "environmental restoration" industry, I saw her for what she really is – a revenue producing FRAUD. Her idea of "protecting wetlands" had far more to do with generating untold millions for the State of Florida from developers, than it did to stop building in sensitive watersheds.
Steven Chu (the next "Bernanke" – clueless academiac to destroy his "department") could not be better served at the Energy Department, than having Browner's extortion manual at his disposal.
July 6th, 2009
10:06 am
This bill has a few hidden surprises also, like new entitlement programs. Page 1193 of the bill creates a program where people who are earning up to 150% of the poverty level will get direct payments from the government to offset extra costs brought on by cap-and-trade. Page 1209 increases earned income credit payments. So people who now pay no fed. income tax will now have their EIC increased plus get a brand new entitlement payment from uncle sam. Neither of these things have anything to do with polution.
This basically is a worldwide income redistribution scheme.
July 6th, 2009
10:12 am
No one mentions the fact that with the passing of this bill, government inspectors will need to inspect your home prior to you being ALLOWED to sell it, to insure it meets code. So let's say you bought an older home you have 20 years left on your mortgage when you loose your job and can no longer afford to make the payments. As a responsible American you decide to sell your home and to move into something more "economically friendly" for you and your family….. But wait your home doesn't meet code and needs $20,000 worth of upgrades before you are ALLOWED to sell your home. However, due to your financial misfortune you can't afford the upgrades. You are now faced with bankruptcy and possibly foreclosure, even though you are trying to so the responsible thing and sell your home, if this legislation passes.
July 6th, 2009
10:13 am
Enter your comments here
July 6th, 2009
10:29 am
from reading these blogs, I have come to the conlusion, Democrats are ignorant, and Republicans are manipulators. We need a third party to dethrone the two political powers so that a Free America will exist… Please people, Republicans and Democrats are working together to take away our freedoms and you are all taking the bait!!!
July 6th, 2009
10:32 am
I am not a fan of big government. However, any economist will tell you that a free markets weakness is externalities and pollution is the worst of externalities. When a company pollutes it is a cost that everyone bears except the company that pollutes.
I can build a Widget making plant and sell my widgets for a big profit. I burn coal at my Widget Plant and everyone down wind gets sick. Yet the cost of sickness to society (or the neighborhood) is not a cost my Widget Plant accounts for or is held liable for mitigating.
People say that there is no evidence that pollution is bad. What? Park your car in your garage and close the door. Sit in your garage with the car idling and let it burn just 1/10 of a gallon of gas. You will then be able to have a discussion with the creator about pollution…
Now I do not agree that this should be an additional source of revenue for the government. We should tax pollution and use the revenue to offset payroll tax. It blows my mind that we tax the very source of what increases America's standard of living, the productivity of people and businesses (politicians call this income…)
July 6th, 2009
10:38 am
I understand that President Obama has proposed adopting and expanding the bovine tax (which is already in effect in the socialist nations of Western Europe) in the United States to include human beings, sheep, horses, pigs, chickens, dogs and cats. This new tax shall cover all 50 states but will exclude the District of Columbia, Senate and Congressional representatives and their staff –and of course the White House, members of the Obama cabinet and the national news-media. This new tax money will be used to promote healthier vegetarian diets, introduction into mandatory eugenic selection processes and the elimination of all unnecessary and deleterious animals –especially cows, sheep, horses, pigs and dogs. All of these measure will eliminate the effects of gaseous global warming and also help to reduce the 10 to 12 Trillion dollar national debt -and monies already given away to Obama supporters, spent or proposed by President Obama and the progressive Democrats and liberal Republicans in Congress. Standard "gas taxes" will be: $10.00 per week for every man and woman over the age of 10 years, $5.00 per week for (every) cow, sheep, horse,pig and large dog, $3.00 per week for small dogs and $2.00 per week for cats. Chickens and domesticated ducks and geese shall be taxed at $1.00 per bird, per week. We in the "Mother Earth Committee of the Eastern Shore – for Green Peace and Social Justice" strongly urge that everyone support this new legislation that the "Flatulence Czar", Barney Frank, shall direct. Help President Obama bring hope and change and "fairness" to the New America and the New World Order!
July 6th, 2009
10:49 am
This whole program is just a revenue producing and income redistribution scheme. If you want to reduce pollution, you go to the source. The large majority of pollution comes from utility companies and cars trucks ect. This is a big problem, but a manageable one. You don't create a convoluted unmanagable scheme such as cap-and-trade unless you have other objectives.
Obama has not done one single thing in his first few months which didn't involve government taking control. Control financial institutions, control auto companies, control health care, control of anyone who recieved stimulus money. Cap-and-trade is a means of further government control of every business and many individual activities.
Watching all this happen while many cheer it on is amazing.
July 6th, 2009
10:50 am
Pretty much right on Mr. Barr. It is the worst piece of legislation I have even seen. It only beats the "Spending Bill" because it exceeds it in scope.
I am astounded at how stupid people can be. This cannot pass the senate or we will be in recession for the next 10 years. You cannot spend trillions of dollars solving imaginary problems and not expect a negative impact on the economy. Somebody has to pay for it, and that is us and all we get is screwed.
July 6th, 2009
10:53 am
Copyleft, critical thinking is not your strong point is it? You cannot buy, sell and trade a non-product. Ask any economist how that works…Hell, just look at the dot-bombs of the late '90's, that's a perfect example of what happens when you try to sell a 'nothing'.
July 6th, 2009
10:55 am
This story only touches on the incredible greed that is actually behind this cap-and-trade legislation and the resulting private tax/speculatory paradise being instituted for the robber barons of the late 20th and now 21st centuries: Wall Street in general and Goldman Sachs in particular. Anyone with a brain should immediately read the following article and spread the word to everyone you know:
Unbelievable, but apparently true – the world is not fair.
July 6th, 2009
10:58 am
Christopher @ 10:38
That was great.
July 6th, 2009
10:59 am
I'm a Democrat who doesn't support cap and trade, and think the House overplayed its hand. I read editorials, comments and letters-to-the-editor from all over the nation. Support for cap and trade appears to be evaporating. Whereas a week ago it was maybe 2-to-1 against cap and trade, it now seems to be 10-to-1 against. The Senate will be wise to heed the overwhelming lack of public support and stop this disastrous legislation from passing into law.
There's nothing to like about cap and trade. It will make energy more expensive — possibly big-time expensive. It will enrich a new class of financial speculator. Hundreds of lobbyists have their fingerprints all over the bill. Cap and trade will also drive-out manufacturing of every description. Plus, it's worse than a tax because only 15% of the proceeds from auctioned permits go into our national treasury. And the kicker? We'll never even know if cap and trade worked.
– Robert Moen, http://www.energyplanUSA.com
July 6th, 2009
11:06 am
So Bob Barr has decided that the Obama energy plan is "based on bad science." Who has determined that the science was bad? The scientist Bob Barr? He puts the word experts in quotation marks. How "expert" is he on this issue?
July 6th, 2009
11:14 am
You "recall" that the current global warming is a natural cycle?
July 6th, 2009
11:18 am
I agree with those that say Cap and Trade is just a way to put more money in bureaucrats pockets and the need for which is based upon shaky science. It is particularly disgusting to have it considered now, when most Americans are hurting terribly financially. How can we bear any more debt burden? Perhaps Obama has hit the perfect storm for getting his ideas across. He comes at a time when we are weakened financially and intellectually–through years of bad education. Anything looks good to a sinking man.
July 6th, 2009
11:19 am
Good science should stand up to scrutiny. This is why so many scientist have been hushed at the various agencies who stand to gain lots of money as long as there is this crisis called global warming.
The main problem many of the rebel scientist found with the global warming theory is that much of the data used is made up.
The EPA gives highly detailed accounts of minute global temperature changs over the last 100 years. Problem is they do not have real data. People were not taking temperature readings in Africa, S. America, Siberia, China 100 years ago. In fact other than the US and Europe, there is very little real data on what temperatures really were. Even in these countries the collection process was sloppy.
So what do you do when you don't have data…you make some up. You run some made up numbers through a computer to give some credibility but its all made up. And if you are making up your data and you don't like the results, you can adjust your data.
This brings a whole new meaning to "Political Science".
July 6th, 2009
11:38 am
I guess if you don't agree with Obama aught to be censored? " CEI releases global warming study censored by Obama's EPA "
July 6th, 2009
11:46 am
Wow, with this really "hot" June – the coolest I remember in 10 yrs – thank god we're addressing global warming. It's a good thing too that we're going to destroy so many jobs in the process that will put more people out of work and prevent them from generating more carbon emissions. Yea, the economy is doing poorly but that's ok too as it ensures people will be more reliant on the government. The bigger the government the better right?
July 6th, 2009
11:52 am
Our organization's scientific beliefs are based on "feelings" too -and so we in the Mother Earth Committee for Green Peace and Social Justice (Eastern Shore) think Cap and Trade is the best solution, second only to the Universal Flatulence Tax which shall be proposed by President Obama when he returns from his vacation in Russia. (so glad that his entire family got to go with him, again!) All flatulence, which releases methane -a greenhouse gas -into the atmosphere is a planet-threatening issue that shall be addressed by the Obama Administration and the Flatulence Czar, Barney Frank!!! (see comment @ 10:38 for more specifics)
July 6th, 2009
11:56 am
Germany fought WWII with gasoline made from coal. It is proven technology developed in 1917.
America is the Saudi Arabia of coal with 1/4th of the deposits on the planet. The US could eliminate American dependence on foreign oil.
And reducing America's trade imbalance would keep money, technology and jobs here in America. It is estimated that every billion in trade deficit equals 13,000 US jobs lost. And we could quit sending billions to countries that sponsor terrorism.
But coal is rich in CO2. Isn't the timing interesting? The world is in recession, US unemployment figures are hovering around 10% and the EPA determines CO2 is a pollutant that must be regulated.
The United States agreed to transfer jobs and technology to developing countries under INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT Algiers Declaration Algiers, Algeria, 4-6 March 1975
In this context, they emphasize the necessity for the full implementation of the Programme of Action adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its VI Special Session, and accordingly they emphasize the following requirements [excerpt from full declaration]
"With regard to the depletable natural resources, as OPEC's petroleum resources are, it is essential that the transfer of technology must be commensurate in speed and volume with the rate of their depletion, which is being accelerated for the benefit and growth of the economies of the developed countries"
A major portion of the planned or new petrochemical complexes, oil refineries and fertilizer plants be built in the territories of OPEC Member Countries with the co-operation of industrialized nations for export purposes to the developed countries with guaranteed access for such products to the markets of these countries. [Excerpt from declaration] Read sections 10 and 11]
July 6th, 2009
12:01 pm
The Concept of CO2 Cap and Trade is Absurd
The real reason Cap & Trade is being foisted on the world is it creates a 3 trillion dollar commodity market for you guessed it: hot air. Finally politicians have found a way to put a price on their most abundant resource! And for politicians there is no downside as nothing has to be actually produced.
The real beneficiaries are the rich special interest who will get wealthier setting up and trading in this new commodities market. But citizens will pay more taxes to operate new regulatory bureaucracies and more for goods as business passes the cost along.
And all this is based on the premise that operating automobiles is resulting in global warming. Question: did Fred Flintstones truck fleet cause the last period of global warming or is global warming a cyclical event that is more affected by sun spot cycles. The Earth has had multiple tropical and glacial ages over the millennia. The most recent news is that the oceans of the world will be cooling for the next 25-30 years.
Furthermore, it is my understanding that the most prevalent hot house gas is water vapor. Should citizens of earth try to stop the rain cycle?
And if we are going to implement Cap and Trade who will decide what the optimal CO2 carrying capacity of Earth is?
And there are questions about how to implement financial controls and reliably audit such a system. Will every person and business on the planet be issued C02 permits? Is the permit an asset a business can liquidate when it goes out of business? If a business in California goes out of business and sells its CO2 permit to a company in England, will a new company in California have to find another seller to open his business and replace lost jobs? After all, if there is an optimal CO2 carrying capacity then an increasing population of people and businesses means a lower standard of living and reduced CO2 allotment for each new person or business.
Upon their death can Mom and Dad leave their CO2 permits to their children? Should Mom and Dad be limited to having two children?
What about the countries that do not subscribe to Cap & Trade. Will multi-national companies export new construction and jobs to 3rd world non-subscribing countries? And the flipside, will the people of the Amazon miss out on new opportunities because an American company bought 1000s of acres to be left unused to acquire carbon sequestration credits.
July 6th, 2009
12:19 pm
Get over it. If it doesn't work, modifications will be instore. NOTHING starts out finished.
July 6th, 2009
12:21 pm
The kinds of questions being raised here are exactly the issues a responsible news media should investigate. Instead, they are still crawling all over Alaska looking for dirt on Palin, and lined up for a chance to cover M. Jackson's funeral.
I believe in the future we will see the media's infatuation with all things Obama, and the lack of critical investigative journalism, will prove to be the fatal flaw in the destruction of the American way of life and business. That same way of life and business which has attracted immigrants to this country for hundreds of years.
July 6th, 2009
12:42 pm
How exactly is the idea of Climate Change "bad science" when all of the professionals who study climate change are in agreement that CO2 gas is increasing in the atmosphere and the effects of global warming are as observable as they are. The arctic shelf can be observed to be receding and the temperatures of the sea have been measured to be increasing. WHEN will republicans get on the bus on this issue? Americans under 40 believe in this and they VOTE. Or maybe republicans find the political wilderness comfy?
July 6th, 2009
12:45 pm
One of the many things wrong with this legislation is that it takes one more aspect of our everyday lives and places it in the hands of a largely ineffective institution that has no money of its own but that which can be taken by whatever means from the hardworking tax paying people of this country. We must stop thinking that this world is ours-it is not- it is God's we are stewards of what He provides. It will cease to exist when He says so and not one day sooner. The science is simply no there for the Utopia that these politicians would like us to 'Believe" in. Keep funding every little environmental cause, planned parenthood, stem-cell research and on and on and one day you will awaken and we'll all be like CA-BROKE and looking for a hand out. Look for headlines like: "Admin decides to abandon CEO pay limits", "We're not really interested in running the banks, or defunct auto companies…" while they are of course doing just that. Look for BHO to travel to Russia and other third world powers so that he doesn't have to listen to the growing chorus singing about his incompetence. This is Jimmy Carter all over again:Flood the economy with fake money, bring about a slight pause in the fears about collapse…then drive up interest rates, tax the hell out of everyone and spend money on more foolish empty headed and dead end causes. When everyone has had a good dose of this useless medicine BYE BYE! I'll be back to remind you that I told you so!
July 6th, 2009
12:51 pm
Hope it works better than the stimulus plan. Anyway, I see you subscibe to the philosophy of planning "ready, fire, Aim".
July 6th, 2009
1:00 pm
If it wasn't for the stimulus plan, the state of Ga would be broke(or broker-even more state employees laid off or paycuts), remember the bailout?
If you are not moving foward, you are backing up, nothing stays the same.
I'm not a know-it-all, unlike many of the bloggers here. Roll with the changes, things will get better or worse.
July 6th, 2009
1:03 pm
".. starts with a group of "experts""
This is completely at odds with the repub convention of using novices.
"These "offsets" consist of paying for "green projects" in the U.S. or — get this — somewhere else on the globe."
Last time I checked the globe was connected to the USA. Get that.
"Thus, a manufacturing plant in, say, Gary, Ind., that is exceeding its "permitted" expulsion of CO2, could continue to commit this sin against humanity by paying for a Brazilian farmer to plant some trees in the rain forest."
Cry me an Amazon river.
"Of course, to guard against some nefarious polluter trying to cheat Uncle Sam and the world by claiming bogus "offsets," there must be a monitoring mechanism. Enter the "Offsets Integrity Advisory Board" — yet another group of scientific "experts".."
Its only natural for the party of the ignorant to chafe at the notion of people much smarter than they are. So much easier for the incompetent when the gov is guided by voices.
"Utility companies would be required to purchase increasing percentages of their electricity from "renewable sources, but they could meet these mandates, at least in part, by forcing their customers to reduce their energy usage. Those customers — that is, every individual, family and business in the country — also would be forced to change building codes in order to use less energy, change lighting systems employed in homes and outdoor areas, and buy more expensive "energy-efficient" appliances."
Not to mention that energy efficiency pays off in the long term…but long term and ignorance do not go hand in hand…hence the 'problem'.
"For a plan based on bad science.."
Oh now real science is bad…well, that's always been the case with the incompetent.
July 6th, 2009
1:04 pm
Northern Sympathizer wrote: "How exactly is the idea of Climate Change "bad science" when all of the professionals who study climate change are in agreement that CO2 gas is increasing in the atmosphere and the effects of global warming are as observable as they are. The arctic shelf can be observed to be receding and the temperatures of the sea have been measured to be increasing."
All the professionals who study climate change are in agreement? All means, well, ALL. Guess you forgot about the 30,000 American scientists who have proclaimed, "There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere and disruption of the Earth's climate." Meanwhile the Arctic shelf continues to expand rather than shrink: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Global-Warming/Antarctic-ice-growing-not-shrinking-/articleshow/4418558.cms
I'm for the Personal Methane Reclamation program. That one will definitly work if we can get all of DC to participate. Cap & Trade is nothing more than a massive attempt at wealth redistribution and it's regressive to boot. So much for the little people.
July 6th, 2009
1:04 pm
Northern 12;42
All professionals who study this are not in agreement. This is why these agencies have placed a gag order on all their scientist who don't agree. Also, the icecaps are once again growing and the tempurature of the ocean fluctuates. Always has. This is what causes el nino conditions. This is not something you mortgage our future to fix.
By the way, NOAA admitted they had greatly overestimated the icecap shrinking for some time. The had not calibrated some of their satalite equipment correctly. This was brought to light when some sailors from iceland tried to take a route which NOAA said was ice free, and they hit ice.
July 6th, 2009
1:24 pm
I see we have dinosaurs blathering about a mythical left/right paradigm involving liberals and conservatives on this page. I guess they're in a coma regarding the reality that it is globalists that are now running the show in Washington, and that they (the globalists) sit on both sides of the aisle. If you think I'm full of hot air look up "Agenda 21″, "Codex Alimentarius", "Sustainable Development" "Security & Prosperity Partnership", "North American Union" to name just a few of the draconian policies that are currently being implemented.
The threats we are facing are probably much greater than you can imagine. The oil industry is a 200 trillion dollar business. Washington has pandered to the oil cartel for decades. The oil cartel in turn has gone to great lengths to suppress any viable alternative energy technologies that have emerged over the last century. Stanley Meyer invented a car that ran on hydrogen cells, when he wouldn't sell out he was murdered. Another man who had invented a viable technology was dragged into court when he tried to patent his invention under the allegation that his invention was a threat to national security. They didn't stop there, they trumped up a bunch of fraud charges against him. Even though he was eventually absolved of all charges,he was left bankrupt, and his laboratory equipment, notes and research papers were never returned to him. The rule of thumb is first they'll threaten you, if you don't succumb to that, then they'll try to buy you out or ruin you some other way. If that doesn't work they'll kill you. If you bother to take the time to do some research, you'll discover that what I've just said is true.
If you think this government in Washington works for you, then you're dumber than a door knob. Just look at this recent bailout fiasco. This was a case of the criminals in Washington creating the circumstances that allowed and facilitated their criminal cronies on Wall Street to reach into the pockets of every tax payer in America to the tune of trillions. Americans will be paying for this for generations to come.
There isn't enough space here for me to say all that needs to be said. If you want a real education, I would strongly urge you to avail yourself of the material found on this site. http://www.911keystone-to-tyranny.webs.com If you do, you're going to be in for quite a rude awakening.
One last comment. If you can't "smell" that there is something drastically wrong in America by now, then you're probably hopelessly brain dead, and I can guarantee you're going to get exactly what you deserve for your willful ignorance.
July 6th, 2009
1:43 pm
One of the main things that chaps my buns about the hysterical world global warming "Owl" Gore movement is that some relatively young nations such as the US who's economies have grown to what it is today because of their (our) form of governments will have to suffer and shrink, while nations such as India, China, African nations, etc., who's civilizations have been around for tens of thousands of years will now get to spew as much CO2 polution as the want with no limit, cap and trade BS requirements, etc. because they are suddenly "developing nations". We have already lost millions of jobs to these countries and we will lose millions more if "cap and trade" is passed. The only jobs that will be made is another vast government bureacracy to force this job killing plan on the American people.
Any UN global warming accords to control global warming must apply to all nations, not just successful one's.
July 6th, 2009
2:11 pm
Thank you esotericx10.
Now if copyleft would go back to sucking dick and stay off this blog, the world might cool off a few degrees. Freaking demopublicans.
July 6th, 2009
2:16 pm
Reality ceck:
At least you should learn the difference between weather and climate.
July 6th, 2009
2:29 pm
I'm all for solar, wind power, thermal recovery from sewer sludge and many other types of waste
that is a great source of fuel. The very big problem with CAP and TRADE(TAX) is the government
costs too much to implement.
CAP and TRADE(TAX) is ENRON forced onto everyone.
CAP and TRADE(TAX) places the entire U.S. economy on the shoulders of manipulation and speculation within the Chicago Climate Exchange(CCX)
CAP and TRADE(TAX) lowers the standsrd of living on the middle class and raises taxes on small
PRIVATE sector business.
The rich will get richer (CCX) and the poor will get free government grants to pay their high manipulated energy bills.
CAP and TRADE(TAX) creates a hugh slush fund for congress to divvy up amongst themselves.
CAP and TRADE(TAX) is the most damaging plan for middle class America and small private sector
CAP and TRADE(TAX) is a perfect plan for an out of control government.
Just say no to CAP and TRADE(TAX)!
July 6th, 2009
2:40 pm
"Manufacturing & Technology eJournal Poll Shows Clean Energy Act Could Force Nearly 20 Percent of Manufacturers to Close"
Read full report at http://mfrtech.com/articles/2293.html
July 6th, 2009
2:41 pm
Well said.
Here's a novel idea. What if there were something this country could do which would immediately create thousands of high paying jobs, reduce our dependence on foreign oil, reduce the risk to the environment, and would cost tax payers nothing.
Open up drilling in the gulf 100 miles offshore. We will use no more or less oil if its drilled here. Drilling is almost no risk to the environment [no drilling or production accident in 30 years] while shipping oil in presents much greater risks. Oil jobs are high paying. There is no downside.
Our current admin. seems to like to emulate Europe. The only two major producers in Europe have not curtailed drilling at all. Even Norway, which arguably is the greenist country in the world is drilling full steam.
Guess this is too simple.
July 6th, 2009
3:04 pm
"Polar ice cap melting"…"ozone depletion"…"direct weather manipulation"? Perform a net search on the (mostly secret) device/system "HAARP". Go to some video sites as well – DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH…in other words.
Every tax payer in America is getting JOBBED with this "crap-n-raid" bill. However, it truly is a bonafide, BI-PARTISAN screwing (shhh, dirty lil secret the GOP want's to run from – let's all play "blame the other guy").
Again – un-frikkin-believable!


text:
Cute and comfy. I need one! Love it.
Love it!
Very cute! At least you can wear it during a cooler winter.
The print works well with the dress! beautiful
Ditto! and Burda US is sold in Canada too, so unless they open the contests to Canada too, that i…
clean out the bobbin case regularly and keep it covered when you're not using it! Tania M. Winnip…
Very nice! It worked out well. Cute shorts too.
Looks beautiful and comfy! What a combination
Beautiful dress. The border really makes it.
Beautiful! And so much patience. Very nice!
Very pretty! I agree that a front view would have been nice too.
Beautiful skirt! I love it.
Beautiful! Enjoy your little black dress.
A beautiful wedding dress! It just goes to show that you don't need a huge dress with a train/ bu…
Very cute!
Love it! I had a blouse like this in a brown plaid (!!) in the 80s!
Very cute! Lucky little girl.
What a cute shirt! Neat idea.
It turned out beautifully! Lovely shirt.
Very cute!
Never sew tired! You'll avoid lots of mistakes that way
Beautiful bag! Looks so great and practical too.
Love it! Great colour.
Love it! The fabric suits it well.
Very cute!
What an outfit! Love it, especially how everything came together.
Beautiful, Very nice.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Product Recall: We are voluntarily recalling fewer than 8,000 cases of regular Kraft American Singles Pasteurized Prepared Cheese Productlimited to 4 SKUs on two "Best When Used By" dates of February 20, 2015 and February 21, 2015. Click Here.
MASH 1/2 cup of the beans in medium bowl with fork. Add salsa, remaining 1/2 cup beans, olives, corn, cilantro, garlic and lime juice; mix well. Cover.
REFRIGERATE at least 1 hour for flavors to blend.
SERVE with crackers.


text: contentLE Magazine December 2000 An Interview With Ross Pelton Integrative Medicine for Better Health We're a nation of pill-takers. Last year, we Americans spent over 125 billion dollars on prescription drugs. More than 70% of doctor visits result in a prescription. And if the doctor doesn't prescribe the pills, we supply them ourselves through over-the-counter medications and nostrums. The only problem is, many of the common medicines we're taking can result in nutritional depletion caused by the drug itself. Of the 1999 list of the top 20 drugs, 16 of the drugs are drugs that cause nutrient depletions. The result? Side-effects, both annoying and potentially serious, from the nutritional deficiencies.Until now, news and reporting about this cause and effect of using prescription drugs has been largely absent from our media. Luckily, today's savvy, health-oriented citizen has a champion in Ross Pelton R. Ph.D. Dr. Pelton is a respected expert in the field of nutrition, anti-aging and drug-induced nutritional depletion. His research, findings, monographs, seminars, articles and books are pertinent for today's thoughtful hands-on public and health care professional wishing to take advantage of the newest and most complete health information.Dr. Pelton is a pharmacist, a health educator, a Certified Clinical Nutritionist and a Ph.D in Psychology and Holistic Health. His monthly column on clinical nutrition appears in American Druggist magazine. He was recently named one of the 50 Most Influential Druggists, and has served as Director of Education for Natural Health Resources, Inc.As a health educator, Dr. Pelton has co-authored two books on the topic of drugs and their effects: the most recent is The Nutritional Cost of Prescription Drugs, which is a consumer guide book of common drugs and their nutrition depletion effect and symptoms. The previous book is Drug-Induced Nutrient Depletion Handbook for pharmacists and medical professionals (reviewed in Life Extension magazine, July 2000).Life Extension magazine contributor Patricia Frank caught up with this busy man of boundless energy as he assumes yet another important health education role—this time in cyber-space. But before we delve into this role, we had a few questions to ask Dr. Pelton about his newest book.Life Extension: Dr. Pelton, in your previous books, you discuss two groups of people who are likely to experience increased health problems from drug-induced nutrient depletion—the elderly and women. Could you speak a little bit about children, and the male population—especially with the increase in prostate problems and cancer?Ross Pelton: Certainly. Children are at risk in a couple of different categories. Children receive a lot of antibiotics. Over the course of their childhood, so many kids can experience multiple antibiotics. Antibiotics can cause nutrient depletions by several different mechanisms. Children are at risk because of that. A common side effect for children is diarrhea during or after a course of antibiotics, which can be debilitating.Men are not immune at all. I do not have specific documentation on the prostate medications causing problems, but certainly men take and rely a lot on anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular medications. If men are diabetic or have epilepsy—any of those types of drugs all deplete nutrients, so certainly men may experience problems also.One of the reasons I cite women is the number of women taking estrogen. In 1998, Premarin was the number-one prescribed drug in the United States, with 46,759,000 prescriptions filled. Plus, women can have all of the same problems as men—cardiovascular problems, epilepsy, diabetes and so on. When you add in estrogen medication as estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) or oral contraceptives, nutritional depletion becomes an increasing problem for women.LE: Do you think, then, that it's not a good idea for women to take hormone-replacement therapy at menopause, or if they do, should they supplement their diets to address the depletions that will take place?RP: Let me answer that in a couple of different ways. First of all, I am not advocating that people [avoid taking] the medications that they need. What we're trying to publicize is the fact that many medications deplete nutrients. For that reason, we advocate that people certainly consider additional nutritional supplements to overcome the nutritional depletions that these drugs cause. In many cases, additional nutritional supplements will help the medications work better, people will have fewer side effects and they will have improved health outcomes. This is a win-win situation.In fact, in many cases, taking additional nutrients may necessitate that the people use less of their medications. For this reason, I encourage pharmacists to bring the physicians into the loop and get the physician and the patient and pharmacist all involved in monitoring the patient's progress.LE: Do you have an example of how supplements "boost" the effectiveness of prescription drugs?RP: Yes. If you give a patient Coenzyme Q10, and the patient is on some sort of cardiovascular medication, the CoQ10 is likely to strengthen the heart muscle and decrease the need for medications. In fact, several studies that I have show that close to 50% of people with various types of cardiovascular disease can discontinue from one to three medications within about six months, by getting on high dosage CoQ10 therapy. That's pretty impressive, actually.LE: That's from a recent study?RP: We have two studies that document that. One study was published in Molecular Aspects of Medicine in 1994. In fact, both studies were in 1994. One located 109 patients with elevated blood pressure and within an average of 4.4 months, 51% of the patients came totally off of between one and three hypertensive drugs. The other study had a larger population base. This study looked at 424 patients who were diagnosed in six different categories of cardiovascular disease, so the study was broader than just elevated blood pressure. Overall medication requirements dropped considerably. Of these patients, 43% stopped taking between one and three medications.LE: That's pretty powerful documentation.RP: Yes, it is. It is amazing information to realize that a large percentage of people could come totally off their medications, and that when you strengthen the heart and the cardiovascular system a lot of these cardiovascular problems improve.LE: Do you feel that the majority of traditional Western medicine physicians are aware of these studies, should be aware of these studies, or does one need to go to a holistic practitioner?RP: First of all, I would say that the majority of physicians are not aware of this information. In doing this research I was amazed at the vast number of studies that are in the scientific literature documenting and reporting drugs that deplete nutrients. I'm now close to six hundred studies documenting drug nutrient depletions.I don't know the answer for sure, but I suspect the reason that physicians and pharmacists and other health professionals have either ignored or overlooked this topic for so long is that all of these studies that I have researched and organized have occurred in hundreds of medical journals over several decades of time. I don't think people ever realized how much documentation was out there on this topic. And of course, this information doesn't get adequately publicized.LE: Why is that?RP: Drug companies are not addressing or publicizing studies that tell us that their drugs deplete nutrients, and so in many cases, this information was just [not dispersed] until we actually organized all the information and presented it in our two books.LE: Why two different books on the same topic?RP: It is very important for physicians and pharmacists and other health professionals to be aware of our research and the documentation about drug-induced nutrient depletion, and that's why we wrote the reference book for health professionals. But we also realized that all physicians and pharmacists aren't going to take our seminars or aren't going to have a copy of this book at their fingertips so we wanted to get the information out to the general public also.LE: It seems this information should be part of everyone's reference library, if they've ever taken a pharmaceutical or will ever need to take one.RP: This is something that's affecting many, many millions of people.LE: We are seeing, hearing and reading about more and more women with breast cancer. It's scary. What pro-active steps can women take to help prevent breast cancer?RP: That is what we summarized in our book, How To Prevent Breast Cancer. We recommend that women adopt a healthy diet by switching away from the standard American diet and focus more closely on [one that is not necessarily] strictly vegetarian but moves in that direction. Our diets should get more focused on non-processed health-oriented foods. A vegetable centered diet will be higher in nutrient density, higher in phyto-chemicals and higher in fiber. At the same time, it will be lower in fat, lower in salt and sugar, and lower in pesticides. Just by getting into a good, healthy diet, six major factors that can influence breast cancer will move in a beneficial direction.Also, we encourage women to exercise regularly, and reduce their alcohol intake. There are a variety of things in diet and lifestyle that affect estrogen levels, and we now know that the greater a woman's life-time exposure to estrogen, the greater her risk for breast cancer.LE: So, what I am hearing from you is that we truly are what we eat and that the typical American diet seems to impact not only the risk of breast cancer but other cancers and diseases that are on the rise. RP: Yes, I think that the commercialization of our farming, our food production and our food processing have been detrimental to health in developed countries. In the late 1940's and early 1950's, food processing became a major part of American culture and fast food restaurants started to take off. People just don't realize how much is lost in food processing, and they also don't realize how many negative things are in processed foods that are not part of a healthy diet. So, a really healthy lifestyle involves a couple of different things. Number one, you need to take real effort and attention to making sure you get adequate amounts of all the essential nutrients. Make sure you get all of the good things you need. By the same token, it takes a great deal of attention to detail to make sure you eliminate and don't ingest many of the negative things that are so commonly available in the food and environment these days.LE: That's a challenge. If one is a label reader, and you go to a typical grocery store and try to find foods that have zero or low sodium, no sugar and few additives, you're out of luck. They seem to be added as a matter of course to everything.RP: Sure. I don't think people should shop at regular grocery stores. I'm fortunate—in San Diego here, we have wonderful organic health food grocery stores, and it's the only place we shop.LE: We do, too, in the Northern California area, but some folks in other places might not be as fortunate.RP: That's true, but most major cities have health food stores now, and health-concerned people just will make the effort to seek out health oriented options. There are more and more available. Whenever I travel to another city, I get out the Yellow Pages and I look up and find the health food restaurants. It's not hard if that's part of your consciousness. And there are more and more mail order sources available for organic whole grains and organically grown seeds and nuts and things like that for people who want to make the effort. It needs to become part of our lifestyle and our belief system.LE: A conscious decision?RP: Yes, that's right.LE: We're starting to see more and more organic foods even in traditional grocery stores. What can the consumer do to be assured that the products they are getting are truly organic? Many manufacturers have adopted "all natural," but if you read the ingredients "all natural" can include lots of sugar and salt.RP: I think that the organic food industry is doing a fairly good job of self-policing itself, so when I see the label that says that it's "organically grown," I'm pretty confident that it is organically grown.But you're right, when food processors or food companies use the word "natural," those things can be stretched, certainly.LE: Yes. Buyer beware. We've talked about the changes you'd make in the typical American diet. Are there any tests today, that you're aware of, or that are in development, that can realistically analyze a person's nutritional deficiencies?RP: Yes, there are more and more tests like these becoming available. There are a couple of different laboratories that have good lab tests that look at a wide range of nutritional markers that health-oriented physicians or nutritionists will use with their clients to look at nutritional status. One of the tests that I'm very interested in is a plasma amino acid analysis that looks at the amino acids that are the precursors for your neuro-transmitters. This is very relevant for the many people with anxiety and depression disorders, as it often turns out they have imbalances in their neuro-transmitters. Rather than give them Prozac or some of these other drugs, which really do nothing to enable the body to make more neuro-transmitters, you can do the plasma-amino acid analysis. [It will identify] what neuro-transmitter precursors an individual is deficient in. Then, [you can proceed to] do an amino-acid mix that preferentially will give more of what you're deficient in so that your body's brain chemistry can start to adjust and normalize itself. Continued on Page 2 Back to the Magazine Forum


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-- Robert Preidt
WEDNESDAY, Feb. 23 (HealthDay News) -- People's emotional
response to challenges may affect how their body reacts to stress,
according to a new study.
To reach that conclusion, researchers from the University of
Pittsburgh had individuals make a speech in a laboratory in front
of a video camera and a panel of judges. The participants' physical
responses were monitored during the speech, and they were later
asked about the emotions they felt while delivering the speech.
Those who reported high levels of anger and anxiety after their
speech had greater increases in a marker of inflammation called
interleukin-6, compared with those who remained relatively
The findings may explain why some people with high levels of
stress experience chronic health problems, the researchers
The study is published in the February issue of the journal
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.
"Our results raise the possibility that individuals who become angry or anxious when confronting relatively minor challenges in their lives are prone to increases in inflammation," Anna Marsland, an associate professor of psychology and nursing and the study's lead author, said in a journal news release.
"Over time, this may render these emotionally reactive individuals more vulnerable to inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease," she noted.
More information
The American Heart Association has more about
stress and how to manage it.
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Copyright © EBSCO Publishing. All rights reserved.


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WASHINGTON D.C. (WTAQ) - U.S. Senate Democrat Tammy Baldwin has asked President Obama to get involved in the current shortage of propane fuel.
Baldwin, a Wisconsin Democrat, asked the president in a letter to order the industry to moderate exports so American consumers can have the fuel they need.
Experts blame the propane shortage on a cold winter, a recent pipeline shutdown, and higher than normal use by farmers last fall in drying their crops. Baldwin told the president that some people are paying up $6 a gallon for fuel that cost four times as little during its peak a year ago.
Some suppliers say they only have enough fuel to sell to their own customers without taking on new ones -- and that's leaving some in the lurch.
(Story courtesy of Wheeler News Service)


text: content LE Magazine May 2004 The Role of Nutrition in Macular DegenerationBy Dennis L. Gierhard, PhD Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 55, affecting more than 10 million Americans. The disease occurs when the central portion of the retina (the macula) deteriorates, resulting in impaired vision or blindness. The good news is that leading researchers have identified specific dietary factors that can prevent, and even partially reverse, this devastating ocular disorder. Zeaxanthin is one of 700 plant pigments called carotenoids that provide much of the color in nature and our diet. The carotenoids derive their name from the fact that the first pigment isolated, beta-carotene, was from carrots. Beta-carotene is an important source of vitamin A, which is critical to vision. Zeaxanthin and its closely related cousin, lutein, are called xanthophylls and are perhaps the third to seventh most prevalent carotenoids in the human diet (depending on fruit and vegetable selection).1,2 Humans cannot synthesize these carotenoids and thus must obtain them from their diet. Zeaxanthin and lutein have been recently called "conditionally essential nutrients" because of their critical protective functions in the eye.3 Guarding Against Light DamagePlants synthesize zeaxanthin and lutein to harvest light energy and protect against excessive light. It now appears that humans also utilize these pigments to protect the eye from excessive interaction with the damaging effects of light. This function of zeaxanthin is analogous to a set of "nature's sunglasses" for the tissues of the eye. In plants, lutein is most often used to help green leafy tissues harvest light safely. While plants use zeaxanthin to safely harvest light, they more importantly use zeaxanthin to protect against harmful light levels. Dark green leafy vegetables contain large amounts of both pigments but have much more lutein compared to zeaxanthin. Zeaxanthin is more predominant in many of the yellow, orange, and red fruits and vegetables such as peppers, corn, and peaches.1-6 Both lutein and zeaxanthin absorb the very high-energy and most damaging portions of the light spectrum (ultraviolet blue). This absorption of the high-energy spectrum is critical to the protection of the lens, retina, and macular portions of the eye.1,5,7 Beyond Eye Protection: Other Health Benefits of Xanthophylls • Reduced risks of several cancers (lung, prostrate, breast, skin)5,9,12,13• Inhibition of pre-malignant lesions and increased apoptosis in malignant tumors5,9,12,13 • Immune modulation and reduced risk of infection5,9,12-14 • Skin photo-protection and reduced sunburn (erythema) at high dietary intake levels15 • High levels are correlated with low levels of systemic inflammation markers like C-reactive protein10,11 • Reduction of numerous aging index biomarkers • Decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, decreased lipoprotein oxidation, and early atheroscle- rosis lesions (possibly by reduced inflammatory response)12 • Decreased risk of type II diabetes progression • Increased lung function • Reduced oxidative (and macro- molecule) damage in numerous tissues9,12 Protecting Against Free RadicalsLutein and zeaxanthin are fat-soluble antioxidants. Their structure effectively stops or "quenches" free-radical reactions and their potentially damaging by-products, which collectively are called "reactive oxygen species." Zeaxanthin and lutein have a unique ability to stop light-accelerated or photo-oxidative reactive oxygen species that are particularly selective and damaging to the eye tissues and skin.1,5,7 Like other carotenoids, zeaxanthin is absorbed like a fat and its absorption is aided by the presence of fats in the accompanying meal. Because the bioavailability of carotenoids can be very poor, it is very important that the dietary supplements you consume have proven bioavailability (some sources may be as low as 5% bioavailable for these pigments).8 Zeaxanthin and lutein are transported from the intestine to the liver, where they are packaged for transport on the surface of blood lipoproteins to various body tissues such as the eye. There is good evidence that the xanthophylls protect lipoproteins—such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—and may reduce the earliest steps of atherosclerosis via their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.10-12 The xanthophylls are concentrated in the adrenal, prostate, and breast glands and in the kidneys. The largest total quantities are stored in the liver and adipose (or fat) tissues. The xanthophylls' propensity to store in fat means that individuals who are obese or have a high body mass index (BMI) may have lower deposition of the xanthophylls in eye tissues and greater risk of degenerative eye disease. Both animal and human trial data suggest that lutein is affected more by this competition with fatty tissues, which may explain why in obese individuals zeaxanthin shows much greater ability to deposit in the eye than lutein.16 Other health benefits attributable to both zea-xanthin and lutein are supported by data from laboratory, animal, and epidemiological studies, as shown below. Discovering Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the EyeOf the 20 or so carotenoids detected in our blood, only zeaxanthin and lutein are used selectively by the eyes.17-21 These two xanthophylls are found in almost all subsections of the eye,18,19 but occur in concentrations nearly 1,000 times greater in the macula section of the retina than in any other tissue in the body.4 This extremely high concentration creates a yellow spot that is visible to the trained professional and is called the "macula lutea." The xanthophylls that give the macula its striking color also are often referred to as the "macular pigments." The American biochemist Dr. George Wald was the first to connect the xanthophylls with eye health in 1945 when he tentatively identified the macular pigment as lutein. (Dr. Wald later won a Nobel Prize for his research on the role of vitamin A in vision.23,24) The modern era was initiated in 1985 when two Miami-based researchers, Bone and Landrum, determined that the macular pigment was actually two compounds, lutein and zeaxanthin.17 This group, along with others, demonstrated that zeaxanthin was concentrated in the center of the retina, while lutein was more prominent at the edges.18,19,20 In 1994, DSHEA legislation was passed and a group headed by Dr. Seddon at Harvard Medical School published epidemiological data that strongly suggested that people who consume fruits and vegetables containing zeaxanthin and lutein have reduced risks of advanced macular degeneration, the leading cause of acquired blindness in the elderly.22 In 1997, a group at Tufts identified the same two pigments in the lens of the human eye in nearly equal proportions; at about the same time, epidemiological studies linked the same two pigments with reduced risk of cataract incidence, progression, and severity.25-31,32 Protecting the Eye's Structure The eye is a highly complex organ that must safely harvest, control, focus, and react to light to produce vision. Light enters the anterior portion of the eye through the clear cornea and fluid-like aqueous humor, and is then focused by the clear lens before entering the gel-like vitreous. It must pass though a nerve layer of ganglions connected to photoreceptors (both rods and cones) where light signals are converted to electrical signals that are transported to the brain. Behind the photoreceptors are the "nursemaids" called retinal pigmented epithelium cells that feed and remove toxic waste from the constantly active photoreceptors. The retinal pigmented epithelium cells rest on a thin, connective, tissue-like support structure called Bruch's membrane, which also serves to create a blood-brain barrier for transport of nutrients, waste products, and critical oxygen. In the macula region of the retina, the choroidal blood supply should stay on its own side of this membrane. With time, the aging eye accumulates greater photo-oxidative damage from its interaction with light. These events lead to two prevalent eye diseases: cataracts and macular degeneration.2,7,33-35 Figures 1 and 2 on the following page show the major structures of the eye. Macular DegenerationCataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and is one of the most costly items in the federal Medicare budget. The second serious vision problem is age-related macular degeneration. Macular degeneration is the leading cause of acquired blindness and vision impairment among elderly Americans. It is estimated that up to 17 million elderly Americans have at least early signs of the disease called age-related maculopathy. The National Eye Institute estimates that nearly 1.7 million elderly Americans have the more advanced stage of macular degeneration, and a new case is diagnosed every three minutes. The prevalence of the disease increases with age, affecting one in six Americans aged 55 to 64 and one in three Americans over 75. Of the 1.7 million currently afflicted, nearly 85% have the most prevalent form of the disease, known as dry macular degeneration.2,33,34 Patients who are affected suffer a gradual loss of central vision due to the death of photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and their close associates, retinal pigmented epithelium cells. Photoreceptors are the cells in the retina that actually "see" light and are essential for vision. Retinal pigmented epithelium cells are like the "nursemaids" for photoreceptor cells and are necessary for photoreceptor survival. The death of either of these cell types leads to the death of the other. The macula contains the highest concentration of cone-type photoreceptors that are responsible for providing color and fine detail in the center of the visual field. Thus, patients with macular degeneration gradually lose their central vision and with it, the ability to drive, read, and see the faces of loved ones. As bad as this may be, those suffering the disease can function at a reasonable level for many years. However, another aspect of macular degeneration is even more devastating. As the photoreceptor and retinal pigmented epithelium cells slowly degenerate, blood vessels tend to grow from their normal location in the choroid into an abnormal location beneath the retina. This abnormal new blood vessel growth is called choroidal neovascularization, or wet macular degeneration. Abnormal blood vessels leak and bleed, resulting in sudden and severe loss of central vision. Depending on the location, laser treatment can sometimes be given to destroy the blood vessels. When retinal cells are lost, they are not replaced and central vision loss can be profound. New drugs are currently under development for wet macular degeneration, but their availability may be years away. DIAGRAM OF THE HUMAN EYE Figure 1 Protecting the Lens and MaculaThe high specific concentration of zeaxanthin and lutein in the macula gave scientists their first hint that nature has a purpose for these plant pigments in eye health.23,24 Within the retina, a significant portion of the xanthophylls reside in Henle's fiber, a layer of axons in the inner retinal layer where xanthophylls can filter light prior to light striking photoreceptors (rods and cones) and the very important retinal pigmented epithelium cells. This location would suggest a very strong role for the xanthophylls in filtering damaging light, particularly the most damaging blue part of the spectrum. The exact center of the macula is where the highest concentrations of dietary zeaxanthin and a related isomer, meso-zeaxanthin, are found. In the peripheral retina, lutein dominates.18-21 Current theory suggests that high macular pigment, particularly dietary zea-xanthin, protects the portion of the macula most critical to vision and most exposed to photo-oxidative damage.35 Very high metabolic rates found in the fovea (the center of the macula) require extra antioxidant protection.7 Macular degeneration pathology often starts at the edges of the macula, where macular pigment concentrations start to decrease. Analyses of cadaver eyes have shown this direct link by contrasting macular pigment concentrations at distances from the macula's center in eyes with macular degeneration with those in normal matched eyes.37 These experiments found a significant drop in pigment concentrations in eyes with macular degeneration compared to normal matched eyes, a difference corresponding to the relative concentrations of zeaxanthin in the eyes. To summarize, the eye concentrates just three xanthophylls—dietary zeaxanthin, non-dietary meso-zeaxanthin, and lutein—in the macula and other ocular tissues. Of the 16-20 carotenoids in the blood serum, only two are selected for deposition and hyper-concentration in the eye. This highly selective process is the most specific distribution in the entire field of carotenoid biochemistry.18-21,38 Continued on Page 2 of 3


text:
The Globe is right to celebrate the Northeast's success in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and to call for even greater reductions ("As emissions drop, Northeast should tighten CO2 cap," Editorial, Aug. 26). At the same time, the Globe is misguided in positioning increased "fracking" and natural gas use as a climate solution on par with renewables.
The reality is that fracking itself contributes to climate change. In fact, several studies have found that methane leaks from fracking could have an even higher global warming impact than coal. Fracking also causes severe local environmental damage and has already contaminated the air and water of numerous communities across the country. Current proposals to expand gas pipelines in the Northeast would cause an increase in fracking, and thus make these problems even worse.


text: DULUTH, MN (KDAL) - Raymond Charles Weeks from Two Harbors was sentenced to 30 years in prison after an earlier guilty plea in the 2012 stabbing death of Kevin Tyman in Duluth. Sixth Judicial District Judge Shaun Floerke accepted the plea agreement worked out between the county attorney and public defender offices and sentenced Weeks to 360 months in prison. The court also ordered Weeks to pay over 2 thousand dollars for Tyman's funeral expenses and was given credit for the 263 days already served in jail. Joella Lee Tucker, who pleaded guilty to aiding and abetting 2nd degree murder, will be sentenced for her role in the killing next week.


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text:
Earnings watch: Pfizer, Dunkin' Brands
The drugmaker reports better-than-expected results. Dunkin' Donuts' parent company posts a loss on IPO charges and debt payments.
By Andrea Tse, TheStreet
Pfizer (PFE) reported adjusted earnings of 62 cents a share as revenue rose 7% to $17.2 billion for the third quarter and raised its 2011 guidance. Analysts were expecting a profit of 56 cents on revenue of $16.4 billion. Shares were surging 1.6% to $19.57 ahead of Tuesday's open.
Dunkin' Brands (DNKN), the parent company of Dunkin' Donuts and Baskin-Robbins, reported a loss in net income of 61% in the third quarter. The company cited charges related to going public and paying down its debt. But earnings were 28 cents per share without the special items, beating analysts' estimates of 25 cents. Revenue rose 9% to $163.5 million, also beating a forecast of $159.3 million. Shares were down nearly 3% at $28.25.
Shares of Credit Suisse (CS) were falling 8.7% to $26.44 after the Swiss bank missed profit projections with third-quarter earnings of 683 million Swiss francs ($769 million). The company also announced it will reorganize its securities division and cut 1,500 more jobs. The reductions are in addition to the 2,000 Credit Suisse announced in July.
Satellite radio company Sirius XM (SIRI) reported third-quarter revenue of $763 million, missing the average estimate of $764.3 million. Third-quarter profit came in at 2 cents a share, compared with the Wall Street target of 1 cent. Shares were down 1.1% to $1.77.
Anadarko Petroleum (APC) reported a third-quarter profit of 66 cents a share, narrowly missing the average analyst estimate of 67 cents a share.
Insurance giant Allstate (ALL) beat Wall Street's profit expectations despite a spike in catastrophe losses related to Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee. The company reported an operating profit of $84 million, or 16 cents a share, for the third quarter, down from a year-ago equivalent of $452 million, or 83 cents. However, the company beat the average analysts' estimate of 8 cents a share.
In other company news, federal regulators are investigating broker-dealer MF Global (MF) after millions in customer funds had "gone missing" in recent days, according to The New York Times.
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Program Milestones
Candidacy Exam
The Candidacy Examination is a qualifying exam that is given before a student is formally admitted into candidacy for the Ph.D. degree. The main component of the Management and Organization Candidacy Exam is a written comprehensive examination administered during the summer after the student's first academic year in the program, which covers all the core Departmental seminars (organizational behavior, organization theory, strategic management, and two research methods seminars). The candidacy examination can also include an oral examination of the student's knowledge, if deemed necessary by the student's Candidacy Committee. One purpose of the Candidacy Exam is to determine whether a prospective candidate has the capacity to continue study at the doctoral level. Additionally, the Candidacy Exam is a forum for diagnosing and counseling the candidate concerning future studies.
Choosing a Concentration
The Management & Organization faculty has diverse interests that provide many opportunities for collaborative research. Our doctoral program embraces a cross-disciplinary philosophy that encourages students to think broadly and look at subject areas from different points of view. The main areas of concentration covered by the department include: strategy, organizational behavior and organization theory. Students must choose a concentration prior to beginning the dissertation proposal (see below), and most students develop specific interests in connection with faculty much earlier. We recommend that students focus in one area with a secondary concentration in another area. For example, a student might focus on organizational behavior but have a secondary interest in organization theory. In addition to the areas of concentration, students have an opportunity to develop expertise in a supporting area of study such as social networks, cognition, social issues in management, innovation, etc., and by taking course work in other academic programs on campus.
Research Paper ("Working Paper")
Before embarking on the doctoral dissertation, the student must complete an empirically-based Research Paper (which also serves as the comprehensive exam) project (which we term the "Working Paper"). It is a College-wide requirement that this paper be completed and approved before the beginning of the student's third academic year in the Ph.D. program. In addition to completion and approval of the paper, the student must also do an oral presentation of the paper. Most of the projects that serve as the basis for the Working Paper emerge out of joint work that the student conducts with a faculty member as part of the research assistantship. To fulfill the research paper requirement, the student must play a substantial role in the research, especially in the development of the theoretical framework, and must be first author on the resulting publishable-quality paper. A good number of doctoral students' work arising from this Working Paper research project have been published in top-tier journals in the past (see below).
Dissertation Research Proposal
The student's doctoral dissertation committee guides the dissertation research. A typical committee includes the doctoral adviser, plus two members of the Management & Organization faculty, and one faculty member from outside the Smeal College. A successful dissertation proposal defense means that the student can proceed with the doctoral dissertation research, under the continued guidance of the dissertation chair and committee members. Doctoral students' work arising from dissertations has been published in many top-tier journals. (See a selection below).
Doctoral Dissertation Defense
Once completed and found to be sufficiently sound by the student's dissertation committee, the student defends the written dissertation orally before the committee. The dissertation defense is open to anyone who wishes to attend.
Illustrative Program Timetable
The following table illustrates a sample program based on an individual who already has a master's degree entering the doctoral program (each student's individual progression will vary based on the courses they need to take and the scope of their dissertation research). Many students take 5 years to complete the program.
|Year 1
|Year 2
|Year 3
|Year 4
|Year 5
|MGMT 528 - Seminar in Organizational Behavior (3)
MGMT 592 - Qualitative Research Methods (3)
STAT 501 - Regression Methods (3)
MGMT 590 - Colloquium (1.5)
|Statistics & Methods Requirement (3)
Supporting Area Course or M&O Elective (3)
Statistics & Methods Requirement or Supporting Area Course (3)
Comprehensive Exam
|Dissertation Research
|Dissertation Research
Research Assistant
|Research/Teaching Assistant
Research/Teaching Assistant
|Research/Teaching Assistant
|Research Assistant
|MGMT 538 - Seminar in Organization Theory (3)
MGMT 578 - Seminar in Strategic Management (3)
MGMT 591 - Organization Research Design (3)
MGMT 590 - Colloquium (1.5)
Statistics & Methods Requirement (3)
MGMT 597A or equivalent
|Supporting Area Course or M&O Elective (3)
BA 591 - Professional Communication (1)
Dissertation Research
Dissertation Research
Dissertation Proposal
Research Assistant
|Research/Teaching Assistant
|Research/Teaching Assistant
Teaching Assistant
|Research Assistant
Candidacy Examination
Research Assistant
Working Paper
Research/Teaching Assistant
Dissertation Research
Back to Ph.D. in Business Administration - Management and Organization


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Outgoing Secretary of State Hillary Clinton turned in her official letter of resignation today, and said a heartfelt goodbye to her staff. And while much of the speech focused on the work accomplished over the past four years, Clinton took time to joke about her exhaustive travel schedule. "I cannot fully express how grateful I am to those with whom I have spent many hours here in Washington, around the world and in airplanes."
Clinton went on to say she hopes state department staff members will show incoming secretary John Kerry the same commitment they've shown her.


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World Archery's premiere World Cup Events are the ultimate proving grounds for the most accurate archers in the world. The distances are known and competing archers all shoot in the same conditions. No guessing involved, just flat-out shooting. There are only four divisions in World Cup Archery; Men's and Women's Compound and Men's and Women's Recurve. This type of competition weeds out all the variables, it simply comes down to the archer that shoots the best score and wins their matches. Since the inception of the World Cup Events in 2006, Hoyt has been the dominant bow of choice for the regular visitors to the podium. At World Cup 3 in Medellin COL, Hoyt remained on top.
In the Men's Compound division, where the highest scores are usually shot, Hoyt's Reo Wilde (USA) was the man with the straight shot to the podium. After cruising through the eliminations with some good weather and high scores, the wind picked up a lot for the medal matches and made things more interesting. "The wind was really challenging, I actually shot a zero in the mixed team event. Although I'm thrilled to get the win, my score to win the individual gold was a lot lower than my average, but it was pretty good for the conditions." commented Wilde. Reo shoots the Pro Comp Elite XL with the Spiral-X cams. All of the top four Hoyt shooters were shooting the 2013 Pro Comp Elite.
The all Hoyt, French Team of PJ Deloche, Dominique Genet and Chris Doussot won the team rounds and took the gold.
The Women's Compound division had some hometown favorites in the medal matches. Alejandra Usquiano (COL) took down some big names in archery to ultimately face the most dominant archer in 2013, Erika Jones (USA). In a close match with some strong wind, the two Pro Comp Elite shooters faced off and Usquiano defeated Jones in front of all of her biggest fans. Past World Cup Champion, and new elimination match world record holder, Sara Lopez (COL) shot for the bronze and finished in fourth. Of the top 16 women, 14 of which were all shooting Hoyt. Lopez shot the Pro Comp Elite for her clean 150 10X World Record. Lopez's 150 10X actually ties the World Record Men's score held by Reo Wilde.
In the Women's Compound team rounds, the all Hoyt Pro Comp Elite, USA team of Erika Jones, Carli Cochran and Brittany Lorenti went on to defeat the all Hoyt Pro Comp Elite, Colombian Women's team of Alejandra Usquiano, Sara Lopez and Maja Marcen.
Team Hoyt's Marcella Tonioli and Sergio Pagni from Italy won the gold in the Compound Mixed team event.
The women's recurve division had a new face on the podium. New to team Hoyt, Inna Stepanova (RUS) had a dominant showing with her ION-X with F7 limbs and won the individual gold medal.
To get more behind the scenes looks at Hoyt target archery success and to connect with fellow Hoyt target archers from around the globe, visit the Hoyt Facebook page dedicated to target archery at http://on.fb.me/YR8nf3
To learn more about Hoyt bows, made in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA and Hoyt's world-renowned technology, visit a Hoyt dealer near you.
For full results go to www.worldarchery.org
Photo Credit: Dean Alberga www.dutchtarget.com


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Akai Professional MPK25 Keyboard USB MIDI ControllerThe Akai Professional MPK25 is a portable keyboard controller with MPC production controls. Based closely on the MPK49, the first keyboard ever to feature MPC pads, the MPK25 scales down the keyboard to 25 keys but retains the utility, capability, and flexibility that made the MPK49 one of the world's hottest keyboards. Its smaller, more portable size makes the MPK25 the perfect travel companion. Its small footprint can fit in your lap on the couch or on a plane, enabling you to create tracks whenever inspiration strikes. All you need is your laptop and the MPK25. Creative Input MPK25 combines a 25-key keyboard and 12 genuine MPC pads. The keyboard is semi-weighted and features aftertouch for expressive melodic control. The MPC pads are pressure and velocity-sensitive to capture every nuance of your creative concepts. The pads can access four banks of sounds, so you have 48 samples at your fingertips with the touch of a button. MPK25 places dedicated transport controls within your reach for easy control of some of the most important tracking and editing controls. The MPK25 has modulation and pitch-bend wheels for expressive musicality, and two assignable footswitch inputs enable you to connect an expression pedal or other continuous controller and a footswitch for momentary controls like patch change or start/stop. Q-Link Command One of the most important input devices on an MPC is its Q-Link assignable control section. The MPK25 gives you twelve virtual knobs and four virtual buttons that are assignable to control nearly any software parameter. You can control two different parameters per Q-Link thanks to the knobs' dual-bank selection. Expressive Engine Two technologies pioneered in the MPC series and built into the MPK series are MPC Note Repeat and MPC Swing. These note-modifying features can be heard in many of the most popular tracks over the last two decades. MPC Note Repeat is a capability that enables the MPK (or MPC) to automatically play a rhythm pattern, such as 16th notes on a hi-hat, for accuracy and speed of entry. MPC Swing is sometimes referred to as "the heart and soul of hip hop" because it turns perfectly aligned sequences into human feeling time alignments. You can specify exactly the degree and timing of swing you want to apply for the perfect feel. On top of these MPC technologies, the MPK25 has its own arpeggiator, which enables you to create quick, creative riffs in seconds. MPK25 also has MPC Full Level and MPC 12-Level on its pads, as well as Tap Tempo and Time Division so you can nail the tempo, timing, and dynamics exactly as you hear them in your head. Complete System The MPK25 is a MIDI controller that sends its MIDI values over USB. It is bus powered, so all you need to connect and power the MPK25 is the supplied USB cable. Because it is MIDI compliant, the MPK25 works with most MIDI recording, sequencing, and performance software for musical performers from keyboard players to producers to DJs. It's even a great option for VJs. The MPK25 comes with Ableton Live Lite Akai Edition, one of the most popular and powerful performance and production software programs in the world. Ableton Live Lite enables musicians to spontaneously compose, record, remix, improvise, and edit musical ideas in a seamless audio/MIDI environment.
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November 22, 2010
On November 9, 2010, more than 150 Rollins and Winter Park community members gathered in the Bush Auditorium to hear a presentation by Larry Schweiger, president and CEO of the National Wildlife Federation. Discussing his recent book, Last Chance: Preserving Life on Earth, Schweiger outlined the science behind global climate change.
Taking the audience from the shores of Lake Erie to the icebergs of Greenland, Schweiger explained the role of carbon emissions and oil consumption in influencing climate change. "Climate change is not one of those events that continues on a steady course," said Schweiger. "This matter is going to be a defining issue of the 21st Century."
Schweiger explained that scientists are currently drilling into ice cores around the world. With today's technology, they can analyze the isotopes of oxygen that are present in the ice and can calculate the temperature and amount of carbon dioxide from the past 800,000 years. According to their data, the presence of carbon dioxide has increased from 180 parts per million during the Civil War era to 290 parts per million today. At the rate that carbon dioxide is being emitted today, scientists predict that it will soon reach 500-600 parts per million. "Our political leaders, both democratic and republican, are failing to take control," said Schweiger.
Another impact of climate change is the prevalence of forest fires. As the tundra warms up, it becomes much more susceptible to fire. The United States has recently seen a four-fold increase in the number of forest fires. In 2004, Russia experienced 900 individual fires causing more than 28 million acres of the Siberian Forest to burn and resulting in 15,000 deaths.
Noting that 2000 to 2009 was the hottest decade on record, Schweiger warned the audience of the impact of climate change on ocean levels. "As the Arctic Ocean warms, there is a melting of that region," said Schweiger. "There is an enormous amount of permafrost stored in the area adjacent [to the Arctic Ocean]. Greenland is adding three Nile Rivers to the oceans each year. There is enough ice in Greenland to raise sea levels by 21 feet – 100 million people will be displaced for every one meter the sea level rises."
The rise in temperature also affects other weather-related events. For instance, lightning strikes increase by 10 percent for each one degree rise in temperature, and the rise in the temperature of ocean water fuels hurricanes and increases their severity.
Addressing the BP oil spill, Schweiger explained his appellation regarding the decision to use 150 million gallons of dispersants to take the oil off the surface of the ocean and drag it to the bottom. "Oil on top is decomposed by the sun, oxygen and bacteria," said Schweiger. "But now that it is in the bottom in the dark, it can't decompose."
Concluding his presentation, Schweiger presented a quote from Genesis 6:19, "Keep them alive with thee." He charged the audience to consider the planet's future inhabitants — plant, animal and human— reminding them that their actions today would literally create the world their children would live in tomorrow.
Schweiger's book, Last Chance: Preserving Life on Earth, is available at the Rollins College Rice Family Bookstore.


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GREEN BAY, WI (WTAQ) - Officials with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation says two downtown Green Bay bridges will close for spring cleaning over the next week.
The Walnut Street Bridge will close on Tuesday, while the Tilleman Bridge on Mason Street will close on Wednesday.
The DOT says the Walnut St. Bridge will be closed from Broadway to Washington St. between 6 a.m. and 3 p.m. Drivers will be detoured across the Fox River via Broadway, Dousman St., Main St., Monroe Ave. and the Ray Nitschke Bridge.
The next day, the Donald Tilleman Bridge will be closed from Ashland Ave. to Monroe Ave. between 6 a.m. and 3 p.m. Drivers will be detoured across the river via Ashland Ave., Walnut St. and Monroe Ave.


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Founded in 1990 and headquartered in Southern California, renaissance herbs is a leading manufacturer of high potency ayurvedic herbal extracts. Renaissance has developed new concepts and production protocols for increasing the purity and concentration of the active ingredients in each herbal extract while maintaining sensitivity to the full-spectrum benefits. These herbal extracts, previously only available to the supplement industry, are now brought to consumers everywhere with ayurceutics premium ayurvedic herbal supplements.
Availability: Usually Ships Within 24-48 Hours
Savesta - Mangosteen Superior Antioxidant Highest Potency Triple-Standardized - 60 Vegetarian Capsules
Mangosteen is widely regarded as the most delicious of all fruits. The fruit rind is also a rich source of healthy compounds. They designed their high potency extract of Mangosteen as a superior antioxidant with a high ORAC value compared to other fruits such as blueberries.
Savesta Mangosteen Highlights:
The Science of Mangosteen
Savesta triple-standardized Mangosteen is extracted from the fruit rind of Garcinia mangostana; renowned in Southeast Asia as "queen of the fruits." Among the numerous scientific studies on the potential benefits of Mangosteen, the vast majority concern the rind which is used traditionally in Ayurvedic medicine and contains the highest concentration of active constituents in the fruit. Our extract blend is standardized to Alpha-mangostin, one of a family of active compounds found in the rind known as xanthones. Because studies have shown that tannins and flavonoids also contribute to the antioxidant activity of the rind1, Avesta Mangosteen is standardized to provide consistent levels of all three antioxidant factors.
The antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables is measured as an ORAC value (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity). Two capsules of our proprietary Mangosteen extract blend has an ORAC value of over 4,000, higher than 1/2 cup of fresh blueberries.
Care for the Environment
As a manufacturer, avesta actions can have a large impact on the environment. We always look for the most earth-friendly, sustainable choice.
All Savesta products feature:
Mangosteen Glossary
Xanthones: Oxygenated compounds found in high amounts in Mangosteen and thought to be responsible for many of its benefits.
Gamma-mangostin: The major xanthone in Mangosteen.
Flavonoids: A large family of compounds noted for antioxidant and other activities.
Tannins: Astringent compounds noted for free radical scavenging activity.
Standardized: A process that guarantees every capsule contains the same amount of active plant compounds.
Extract: An herb in the form of a concentrated powder or liquid.
Silicon dioxide: A natural mineral used to keep Mangosteen extract dry.
Ayurveda (ahyur-vay-duh): One of the world's first systems of total health and wellness dating back over 4,000 years.
Ayurceutics (ahyur-soo-tics): The science of being well.
Other Ingredients: vegetarian capsules, rice flour, silicon dioxide.
Soy, wheat and gluten free.
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