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|View Poll Results: Are we in a BH with one of the cosmic horizons serving as BH event horizon?
|Yes, in my opinion we are.
|No opinion.
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We are in a Schwarzschild black hole-T or F?
by marcus
Tags: black, holet, schwarzschild
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Dec11-07, 05:31 PM
I apologize but I am confused.
I do not see why having a singularity in the past has any relation to the concept that a sphere of radius 13.7 B light years and a density of the actual current density of our universe would not be a black hole to an observer outside this sphere.
What other charecteristics are needed for a sphere that matches the black hole charecteristics are needed?
How does our 13.7 billion year neighborhood not qualify?
Is there something associated with its past that disqualifies a body from being a black hole?
Wouldn't an outside observer see that light or matter approaching our sphere acts exactly like it would approaching any other black hole? What clue/ measurement would an outside observer have to say this is not a BH?
Dec11-07, 06:55 PM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
We are not in a BH with the Hubble Radius as event horizon radius. That would put us at the center and things would look very different.
But if you had a lever that would ABRUPTLY HALT THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE, like on old train cars there was that rope you could pull in case of emergencies and make it screech to a halt, then we could consider what would happen.
It is a tautology, something built into the algebra, that in the flat case the Hubble radius is given by a formula which looks just like the Schwarzschild radius formula in a VERY DIFFERENT SPACETIME. The Schw. solution to the Einstein equation is a very different spacetime geometry. It is not an expanding Friedmann-LeMaitre. It is not flat inside.
It happens that the same formula gives Schw radius in the very static very unflat case of Schw geometry and also gives the Hubb radius in the very UNstatic very flat case of Friedmann geometry.
Same formula, happens to give two different things in two different geometries.
But suppose you did have an emergency-brake handle that can stop the universe expanding. It is painted red, and has a comfortable grip. You grasp the handle and think... what would happen? It is a serious question because as soon as you pull the universe is going to start collapsing! There is plenty of density for that. All over the place. Many spheres, overlapping ours and much larger, have the required density. The moment you deprive the universe of its expansion it will assume a collapsing geometry.
But that's a different geometry, a different future, a total other kettle of fish.
BTW the Hubble parameter is not constant, even though it used to be called "Hubble constant". And as it changes, the Hubble radius changes. There is no coincidence occuring at this moment of history. What you have noticed is an algebraic fact that is always true. Just not to misinterpret.
Dec11-07, 08:45 PM
Thank you for this explanation.
As a follow up, I have seen many estimates of the Hubble parameter and estimates of the age of the universe.
If the Hubble parameter is algebraically always C/ R, why is this relation not used to refine the estimates.
Instead, the best estimates of H and R are almost but not quite in line with this formula.
It was this lack of assuming they were algebraically related that led me to think they did not have to be related. Then when I saw how close they were I thought that had a significance.
As a second question, does this difference also apply to an expanding black hole? I.e. if a body that has the right density is expanding, does that prevent it from being a black hole.
Finally, what would an observer see when looking at a bubble that is 13.7 b Light years wide with the density we have. How would it differ from a black hole? Would the gravity not be suficient to form an event horizon from this outsider's perspective? Could the outsider easily traverse this sphere back and forth?
Dec11-07, 10:37 PM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
This is the present distance at which a stationary point would now be receding at speed c due to expansion.
One cannot measure this directly---or determine it in any other way than by the usual means for measuring H. So one cannot use measurement of R to refine that of H. It is more the other way around.
What one does is measure H as accurately as possible, sampling recession speed at all convenient distances, then once one has a value for H then one DEFINES the Hubble radius as c/H
(all c/H means is that distance at which the recession speed is c, because H is the ratio of present recession speed to present distance)
and BTW out at the Hubble radius (that Fulvie Melia was calling "cosmic horizon") stuff is receding at the speed of light so this spacetime region of ours is expanding like a bat out of hell.
and around big bang time, stuff was WAY denser than Schwarzschild requires, so why didnt the universe collapse then and there? Because it was expanding so fast.
you mean a bubble that has RADIUS equal to that, so it is twice that much wide.
Such a bubble is a typical chunk of our universe. To an outsider out near the bubble surface boundary it wouldn't look any different from any other similar volume. Geometrically it would be approximately flat.
CROSSING any rapidly expanding region raises more complicated issues. But suppose instead of crossing, the outsider just wants to dip in a few million LY and come out again. He could travel in and out of it just as he would venture into any other patch of space.
Remember that even though for us the boundary is receding at speed c, for him out there in the space around the boundary IT IS NOT MOVING. He is IN the space that is receding from us at speed c. So for him it is just ordinary space. there is nothing like a BH event horizon there. There is no point of no return. There is no trap. he can cruise across to our side, and be inside for a while, buy an icecream cone, and then cruise on back to the outside.
Dec11-07, 11:43 PM
Thank you for this clarification
As to R, I was referring to the 13.7 b light years based on the distance light has travelled since the universe began, not the Hubble Radius.
I was noting that one can use the best estimate of the age of the universe to compute the Hubble Parameter, thus providing a different independent estimate of this parameter.
I was wondering why this is not done.
Dec11-07, 11:53 PM
Sci Advisor
Dec12-07, 12:02 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
there are some other ways to estimate the age, like getting statistics on stars and trying to guess how fast different size stars age etc etc. , or studying clusters, or abundances of elements, but those are much rougher and more iffy.
you can use star and cluster statistics and elements and the like as a CHECK on what you get from H, but the main way is to calculate from H.
therefore you cannot use age of universe to refine estimat of H-----it is more the other way around
BTW, you know space is expanding, distances are increasing. You can picture this.
So why do you think that a photon of light would have traveled 13.7 bLY since beginning of expansion?
Don't you imagine it would have covered much much more ground? Because whatever distance it covered during the first part of its trip would have been way stretched out.
But you say
OOPS, while I was typing this I see that Wallace already replied! Well Paul, now you have two answers. I think I said much the same things as Wallace.
Dec12-07, 12:32 PM
I am aware of what our present model says:
1. If we look at the CBR we should be seeing light from 10^80 particles that were created and existed 400,000 years after the big bang. Protons have not decayed in that time span, therefore, due to expansion, those particles would now be, 47 billion light years away if the Universe is only 14 billion years old.
2. The size of the universe that existed 400,000 years after the big bang would contain all of those 10^80 particles and as a result, every direction you looked would eventually end on the surface of a star/particle, and the whole sky would be as bright as the surface of the Sun. This is known as Olbers' Paradox.
3. The numerical value of the CMR redshift is about z = 1089 (z = 0 corresponds to present time). The highest measured quasar redshift is z = 6.4 while as-yet unconfirmed reports from a gravitational lens observed in a distant galaxy cluster may indicate a galaxy with a redshift of z = 10.. There is a big empty hole of knowledge between about z = 1089 and a redshift of z = 10.
There are a lot of particles up to a redshift of z = 10, yet they should be 47 billion light years away according to the present model.
I need a better explanation and Im willing to examine what Fulvio Melia and others have to say.
The most distant objects exhibit larger redshifts corresponding to the Hubble flow of the universe. The largest observed redshift, corresponding to the greatest distance and furthest back in time, is that of the cosmic microwave background radiation; the numerical value of its redshift is about z = 1089 (z = 0 corresponds to present time), and it shows the state of the Universe about 13.7 billion years ago, and 379,000 years after the initial moments of the Big Bang
Currently, the highest measured quasar redshift is z = 6.4,[46] with the highest confirmed galaxy redshift being z = 7.0[47] while as-yet unconfirmed reports from a gravitational lens observed in a distant galaxy cluster may indicate a galaxy with a redshift of z = 10.
If the Universe were infinitely old, and infinite in extent, and stars could shine forever, then every direction you looked would eventually end on the surface of a star, and the whole sky would be as bright as the surface of the Sun. This is known as Olbers' Paradox after Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers [1757-1840] who wrote about it in 1823-1826 but it was also discussed earlier. Absorption by interstellar dust does not circumvent this paradox, since dust reradiates whatever radiation it absorbs within a few minutes, which is much less than the age of the Universe. However, the Universe is not infinitely old, and the expansion of the Universe reduces the accumulated energy radiated by distant stars. Either one of these effects acting alone would solve Olbers' Paradox, but they both act at once.
1. The Universe is expanding, so distant stars are red-shifted into obscurity.
2. The Universe is young. Distant light hasn't even reached us yet.
But the final two possibilities are surely each correct and partly responsible. There are numerical arguments that suggest that the effect of the finite age of the Universe is the larger effect. We live inside a spherical shell of "Observable Universe" which has radius equal to the lifetime of the Universe. Objects more than about 15 billion years old are too far away for their light ever to reach us.
If the Universe is only 14 billion years old, how can we see objects that are now 47 billion light years away?
the most distant object we can see is bigger than 3 times the speed of light times the age of the Universe. The current best fit model which has an accelerating expansion gives a maximum distance we can see of 47 billion light years.
Dec13-07, 12:14 PM
Of course, his approach leads to speculation and other questions which he might have thought of and cannot published . Yet!
If we can see the light (CBR) 400,000 years after the big bang then that means that those photons (EMF) have not left the universe. The universe was a 400,000 lyr sphere containing all the photons and all the particles. Something had to keep the photons from escaping or otherwise the universe would be losing energy.
It would be like dropping a rock into an ocean. The wave would keep going and never come. So, if there is no barrier, the observed (CBR) cannot be from 400,000 years after the big bang. Those photons are long gone.
Explanation #1
The expansion of the universe is always faster then the speed of light. However, that cannot be right because we would not see the light from other galaxies, gravity would not work, etc.
Explanation #2
As the 400,000 light year sphere of particles expands, at less than the speed of light, the photons (EMF) go faster than the expanding size of the particle sphere but are prevented from escaping and just go bouncing around and around within that barrier.
Therefore, the evidence of the (CMR) is the evidence of a barrier; the conservation of energy is the evidence of a barrier; neutrinos from the big bang epoch are supposed to be still around and if discovered would prove that there is a barrier keeping them here.
What keeps the photons with a redshift of z = 10 to z = 1089 within our universe?
Can anyone do some explanations of red shift of neutrinos? http://conferences.fnal.gov/aspen05/talks/mena.pdf
Dec13-07, 04:05 PM
I thought that black holes have maxiumum entropy? Looking around, I see hot areas and cold areas. Also, if we are living inside a huge black hole, how come we actually have black holes? What I mean is: Can there be black holes within black holes?
Dec13-07, 05:11 PM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
But don't worry about "if we are living inside a huge black hole". Even Fulvio Melia, who keeps getting quoted, has said clearly and explicitly that we are not---his article was not intended to suggest that---he wants it clearly understood, and he says it is important to realize that. Here's part of his recent email message to Patty
Personally I doubt his recent paper is publishable as is---will have to be revised to eliminate the possibility that uninformed readers could misinterpret and get the idea he is saying we are in BH.
IMP I see you correctly said "no" on the poll---glad you are not confused about this. I didn't start the thread because it was an open scientific question, that you could reasonably consider either way. As I said at the start, I set up the poll be because I was interested to know if a significant number of people were confused or in doubt.
Dec13-07, 05:44 PM
There are different levels of readers reading this who have not read the papers or do not understand them.
Therefore, I will do some paraphrasing of what Fulvio Melia has done in his paper.
The picture of the Cosmic Background Radiation is a picture of the universe as it was 400,000 years after the big bang. It is a sphere of 400,000 light years. It contains all of the particles/galaxies (10^80). It contains all of the gravity and all of the photons.
He then shows (with math.) that if you take the known expansion of the universe to NOW, (13.7 billion years), then the particles/galaxies occupy a sphere of 13.7 billion light years. Gravity will occupy a sphere of 16.9 billion light years.
He then concludes that if there are any particles/galaxies outside of that 17 billion light year sphere it can be ignored since it will not have any influence on our universe.
He calls that 17 billion light year sphere the COSMIC HORIZON.
He did not go into the specifics of what is happening as the 400,000 light year sphere is expanding. He ends the papers with what he has observed and what he thinks.
Dec14-07, 05:28 AM
Would this help to explain it? Suspend beleif that that is not possible for a moment.
Dec14-07, 01:22 PM
Hi PRyckman,
The Schwarzschild radius solution technically is applicable only in empty (vacuum) space around a point-source of gravity. For example, it does not apply to a regular star where the Schwarzschild radius would be calculated to be within the interior of the star. So it is doubtful that it could be accurately applied to our observable universe which contains a substantial amount of matter, regardless of whether you consider our matter distribution to be homogeneous or not.
I also think that the Schwarzschild solution takes no account of the Hubble scale expansion of the universe. My guess is that Schwarzschild just isn't applicable to a self-expanding region. Such a region should be expected to behave quite differently from a black hole, for reasons that simply aren't captured in the Schwarzschild equation.
Dec14-07, 01:51 PM
All you need to ask yourself are two questions.
Was all the mass of the universe ever contained is a radius less than R = 2GM/c2 ?
The Schwarzschild radius
If the mass collapses to a radius less than R = 2GM/c2, where G is the gravitational constant and c is the speed of light, then nothing (including light) can escape from inside this radius. It is called the event horizon or the Schwarzschild radius.
The Schwarzschild radius of an object is proportional to the mass.
Second question to ask yourself.
Was the black hole bigger than 3 solar masses?
One way to detect primordial black holes is by their Hawking radiation. All black holes are believed to emit Hawking radiation at a rate inversely proportional to their mass. Since this emission further decreases their mass, black holes with very small mass would experience runaway evaporation, creating a massive burst of radiation. A regular black hole (of about 3 solar masses) cannot lose all of its mass within the lifetime of the universe (they would take about 10^60 years to do so). However, since primordial black holes are not formed by stellar core collapse, they may be of any size. A black hole with a mass of about 1012 kg would have a lifetime about equal to the age of the universe. If such low-mass black holes were created in sufficient number in the Big Bang, we should be able to observe some of them exploding today.
Conclusion: (if the answer to the above two questions was YES), then we are still in a black hole. Or if you prefer, within the cosmic horizon.
Dec15-07, 02:29 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
But as you have been told jal, you are still using an inappropriate expression,
[tex]R < \frac{2GM}{c^2}[/tex],
the Schwarzschild solution, which only applies to a static spherical mass in otherwise empty space.
Unless that is you are proposing that all the mass of the universe was concentrated into a small sphere situated in an infinite and empty space, which is not the understanding of the Big Bang.
In the cosmological solution to Einstein's field equation the appropriate expression is one for density, and the question remains:
"Is [tex]\rho > \frac{{3H_0}^2}{8\pi G}[/tex] or not?"
i.e. "Is the universe closed - finite and unbounded - or not?"
Dec15-07, 09:53 AM
Hi Garth!
Since you are advocating a different formula than that of a black hole then I will ask a clarification.
Do you support the claim, that the picture of the Cosmic Background Radiation is a picture of the universe as it was 400,000 years after the big bang?
Do you support, that when applying the energy density formula for a black hole, the result is that we are looking at the interior of a black hole?
Do you agree, that the picture of the Cosmic Background Radiation contains all of the matter of the universe?
You said,
..."the Schwarzschild solution, which only applies to a static spherical mass in otherwise empty space"....
Should not be used
By your statement, How can you justify the concept of black holes within our universe?
Everyone is using the Schwarzschild solution in their papers and everyone "knows" that a black hole is not static and is not in empty space.
You then said,
...."Unless that is you are proposing that all the mass of the universe was concentrated into a small sphere situated in an infinite and empty space, which is not the understanding of the Big Bang."
I beg to differ ... as will others.. and I do not want to divert into a discusion, which has been done too many times, "of what does the universe expand into."
Dec15-07, 10:18 AM
Sci Advisor
PF Gold
You are confusing two different solutions of the same Einstein Field Equation that are applicable to two different situations.
In the first situation all the mass is concentrated in a spherically symmetric mass set in otherwise empty space. This is the One-Body or Schwarzschild Solution.
The expression I quoted from you, [itex]R < \frac{2GM}{c^2}[/itex], is the condition on the radius of that mass for a BH.
If that condition holds then the mass would concentrate at the singularity at the centre and that radius, the Schwarzschild radius, will be the radius of the Event Horizon that forms around it.
In the second situation all the mass is spread out homogeneously and isotropically throughout the universe. This is the Cosmological Solution.
The other expression I stated, [itex]\rho > \frac{{3H_0}^2}{8\pi G}[/itex], is the condition for the Critical Density above which the universe is closed in on itself, finite and unbounded. It is sometimes called the Closure Density.
The universe is not, of course completely homogeneous, it has lumps in it, such as you. Some of those lumps of mass may satisfy the first condition in which case they will form a BH.
When I look back to the CMB I do look at all the mass (visible and invisible) on my light cone back to around 400,000 year after BB, however I am not looking into the interior of a BH, I am looking back towards the BB naked 'singularity'.
Do not confuse the two separate solutions to the Einstein Field Equation.
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My tsunami video is nearly finished! Excited to get this one out. #editing #film #aftereffects #ocean #waves
Last day on production transferring the final bath of footage across. Its been awesome! #dit #film #datawrangler #stoked
The location the other day was a site to see! #datawrangler #film #boat #lake
I have now started production of the Basement project that I'm working on with Professor Iain Stewart. This section of the video is an interview with Ian King which talks about the Basement store and the rocks, minerals and fossils stored within. I am pleased with how the shoot went and am excited to film the next section of the project.
Such a fiddly part in my film that could mean the success or failure of my film #editing #finalcutpro #film #moviemaking (at Cakebread's Studio)
The Aficionados Project from Henry Cakebread on Vimeo.
This project was created by me (Henry Cakebread) and Sam James to bring the BMX community together in one edit, as well as to give the opportunity for the up and coming riders to be featured on SouthWestBMX. To do this we set up a number of promotional videos and poster in which we asked riders to send in clips of them riding. In order to give more of an incentive for these riders to send in these clips we hooked up with Scott Summerhayes from Crucial BMX Shop. Scott was kind enough to give us some products from Crucial BMX shop and 34R that we could give out as a prize after a lucky dip draw at the end of the project. This was fantastic and I don't think we would have been as successful without they're support throughout the whole project.
We had an initial deadline for the entries to be sent into us as the 4th December 2012 but as we wanted more clips and knew of riders who wanted to enter a clip but hadn't been able to due to the weather, we re-launched and extended the deadline to the 24th December 2012.
After this most of my time was taken up with my dissertation for my University so I wasn't able to edit the clips together into the final compilation edit until after I'd finished that. However, as soon as I finished my dissertation I got straight into editing the clips together, and what a fantastic set of clips we got!
I'd like to say an extra thank you to Lee Martin, Laurence Leeke and Ross Penny for helping me by filming and sending in clips of other riders.
I'd also like to say thank you to Scott Summerhayes and all the people at Crucial BMX shop and 34R who helped and supported this project. Without you guys I feel this project would not have been as successful.
Finally, a big thank you to every single person that sent in a clip to us to compile in this edit. It's been a fantastic experience editing your clips into this edit and bringing the BMX community together in one edit.
All of your help and support was much appreciated.
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Goldman case headed for settlement?
Reading between the lines, there are signals that a deal could happen.
That's the conclusion of Bloomberg BusinessWeek, which parses some of Goldman's recent statements and sees the company signaling for a deal.
Case in point: Arthur Levitt, a former SEC chairman who is now an adviser to Goldman. "This is a suit which I think should be settled promptly, not just for Goldman Sachs, not just for the industry, but for the economy as a whole," he told Bloomberg TV.
Has there ever been a bigger white flag waved?
Goldman is still playing it ultra cool, despite getting raked over the coals in a Senate hearing this week. "I heard nothing today that makes me think anything went wrong," Goldman chief executive Lloyd Blankfein said at the hearing.
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The Wall Street firm is in hot water over the charges but maintains that it was just doing business as usual.
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Microsoft Bringing Kinect to PC
The world of video games has long seen a split between the consoles and the PC. And despite the rumors that PC gaming is dead, it is very much alive and well. The rumors have been greatly exaggerated, especially as the PC will soon get a boost from the Microsoft Kinect. This is really no surprise as Microsoft entered the gaming arena as a PC software developer and publisher, as well as creating a variety of hardware for the PC.
There are already devices that we've covered that allow a PC to be used with a bike trainer, golf simulator or other devices, but where the PC has lagged behind in recent years is with motion control that makes gaming fitness possible. Now Microsoft is offering a true game changer as the Kinect will arrive on the PC next year.
Here is what the Kinect for Windows Team had to say on the matter:
Since announcing a few weeks ago that the Kinect for Windows commercial program will launch in early 2012, we've been asked whether there will also be new Kinect hardware especially for Windows. The answer is yes; building on the existing Kinect for Xbox 360 device, we have optimized certain hardware components and made firmware adjustments which better enable PC-centric scenarios. Coupled with the numerous upgrades and improvements our team is making to the Software Development Kit (SDK) and runtime, the new hardware delivers features and functionality that Windows developers and Microsoft customers have been asking for.
Simple changes include shortening the USB cable to ensure reliability across a broad range of computers and the inclusion of a small dongle to improve coexistence with other USB peripherals. Of particular interest to developers will be the new firmware which enables the depth camera to see objects as close as 50 centimeters in front of the device without losing accuracy or precision, with graceful degradation down to 40 centimeters. "Near Mode" will enable a whole new class of "close up" applications, beyond the living room scenarios for Kinect for Xbox 360. This is one of the most requested features from the many developers and companies participating in our Kinect for Windows pilot program and folks commenting on our forums, and we're pleased to deliver this, and more, at launch.
Another thing we've heard from our pilot customers is that companies exploring commercial uses of Kinect want to operate with the assurance of support and future innovation from Microsoft. As part of Microsoft's deep commitment to NUI, we designed the Kinect for Windows commercial program to give licensed customers access to ongoing updates in both speech and human tracking (where Microsoft has been investing for years), in addition to providing fully supported Kinect hardware for Windows. We've been captivated by the countless creative ways companies worldwide envision how their businesses and industries can be revolutionized with Kinect, and are proud to be helping those companies to explore the profound implications NUI has for the future.
Microsoft also has just launched a new initiative, the Kinect Accelerator incubation project run by Microsoft BizSpark. I will be serving as a Mentor for this program, along with a number of other folks from Microsoft. BizSpark helps software startups through access to Microsoft software development tools, connection to key industry players (including investors) and by providing marketing visibility. The Kinect Accelerator will give 10 tech-oriented companies using Kinect (on either Windows or Xbox360) an investment of $20,000 each, plus a number of other great perks. Applications are being accepted now through January 25th, 2012. At the end of the program, each company will have an opportunity to present at an Investor Demo Day to angel investors, venture capitalists, Microsoft executives (including me), media and industry influentials. I can't wait to see what they (and maybe you?) come up with!
Craig Eisler
General Manager, Kinect for Windows
MSDN Blog: Kinect for Windows – Building the Future


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LOUISVILLE, Ky. (AP) -- Before Chane Behanan could carry Louisville to the Final Four, he had to put down some other baggage.
A McDonald's All-American coming out of high school, the 6-foot-7 freshman forward from Cincinnati started his career with consecutive double-doubles, a first in Cardinals' history. After a win over Memphis on Dec. 17 that ran the team's record to 10-0, Behanan said Louisville would go undefeated.
Louisville stumbled and Behanan swooned, playing one of his worst games of the season against Kentucky on Dec. 31, when he fouled out after 15 minutes without making an impact in a 69-62 loss. The two teams meet again Saturday at the Final Four.
"Watch a film of when we played them in Lexington -- it looks like we didn't know what we were doing out there, to be honest with you," said Behanan, who picked up three fouls in a 4-minute stretch and finished with four points and five rebounds. "We were just running around."
Behanan said only assistant Richard Pitino approached him about the undefeated statement, telling him to watch what he said. Behanan says he learned from stretch and the mistakes he made against the Wildcats.
"It was a humbling process and a hard process, too," Behanan said. "Coming off a loss to Georgetown and then another loss to Kentucky, it was really hard for us. We just had to find, we had to dig deep inside to find what was really wrong with us when we went in the slump. They're both really good teams and I give credit all to them, they just beat us. But there's a new story now."
Sure is. Louisville's late-season surge with eight straight wins, including the Big East tournament championship, coincides with the maturation of its star freshman.
"I think Chane has learned to keep his mouth shut. That's No. 1," senior Chris Smith said. "He's grown up. He's become a man. In the last three or four weeks he's become a man."
Behanan was named the West Regional's most outstanding player on the strength of his second-half play in Phoenix against Michigan State and Florida.
After going scoreless in the first 20 minutes, he paired 15 second-half points with his nine rebounds against the Spartans, then scored 13 of his 17 points against the Gators in the second half, including the game's go-ahead bucket with 1:12 to play on a turnaround jumper he said he modeled after his favorite player, Kobe Bryant.
In Louisville's four NCAA tournament wins, Behanan is leading the team with 14 points per game.
Senior Kyle Kuric said early in the season that Behanan might grow overconfident after a strong performance and follow up with couple of poor practices.
"Now he's matured and understands that 'I can have a great game and to keep it going I need to stay hungry and stay focused to have another good game,'" Kuric said.
Behanan says he's working more, studying film and using coach Rick Pitino's conditioning program.
"To me it feels like the game comes to you," he said. "You just do unbelievable stuff you never did before."
Pitino said there's more to come from the 19-year-old.
"He's just scratching his potential," he said. "He's going to get so much better down the road."
Behanan first tasted the Kentucky-Louisville rivalry after transferring to Bowling Green in western Kentucky to finish his high school career. He's looking forward to giving his team a shot at redemption and showing the Wildcats he's a different player than they saw in December.
"I feel like if I would have stayed in the game it would have been pretty much an even game," he said. "Win or lose, it would have been a real good game."
He'll get another shot Saturday in New Orleans.


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Hamas chief among at least 8 dead as Israel pounds Gaza
®Copyright MediaCorp
A top Hamas commander is among at least eight Palestinians who were killed in more than 20 Israeli air strikes on Gaza yesterday.
This came as Israel began an operation targeting militant groups.
Ahmed Jabari was killed along with his bodyguard in an initial Israeli strike on a car in Gaza City.
Shortly afterwards, Israel pounded the Gaza Strip with another 20 air strikes, killing five more people.


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The patented keyboard platform of the Banana-Board® blends functionality with contemporary, high-tech design. Combined with our adjustable Pinnacle 2 Arm and our low profile ball bearing track, you have the ultimate in comfort and style.
Features Click image to enlarge
User friendly features include:
- Mouse platform easily slides from side to side to accommodate left or right-handed mousing
- Features Mouse-Forward design for improved comfort
- Platform includes built-in document holder and cord management for keyboard and mouse
- Mouse trap keeps mouse in place
- Pinnacle 2 Arm with 17" or 22" low-profile ball-bearing track


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ketchupstan Gets Schooled in recent American History
ketchupstan replied to your photo: Efraín Ríos Montt is due to appear in court in…What the hell does this article have to do with Reagan?
Reagan was mentioned in the article. I highly suggest doing some reading about Latin American history in the 80s because you can't understand…
Simply put, each time that you drive by a stadium that an NFL or MLB team plays in, imagine each seat filled with a mestizo or indiginous campesino in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras or Nicaragua who lived in abject poverty, had no health care and knew hunger. That campesino was raped or tortured and last murdered because they were pawns in The Cold War; but most likely it the behest of United States foreign policy that paid for the training and materiel that killed them.
Don't forget to put 4 Roman Catholic missionaries and an archbishop in the owner's box.
Take a long, hard look at that fucking stadium. Ronald Reagan and every American who stuck their heads in the sand, who would rather follow a pied piper instead of looking at themselves for who they are, unfamiliar and complex, promoted these atrocities or just didn't want to be bothered to stop it thus leading to a seat that could otherwise be filled by a poor campesino in that fucking stadium.


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The charges against an Anderson County man who deputies said set his mother on fire on New Year's Day have been upgraded after her death.
On Jan. 1, Anderson County deputies said 38-year-old Stanley Davis set his mother, Debra Davis, ablaze at her River Road home and then went to a home of another family member on Langston Street, where he was shot by the family member.
Debra Davis, 61, was flown to a Georgia hospital for treatment, where she succumbed to her injuries at 1:53 p.m. Tuesday, according to Anderson County Coroner Greg Shore.
Shore said Debra Davis died from multiple system failure as a result of her injuries and that her death has been ruled a homicide.
Investigators arrested Stanley Davis on Jan. 1 and charged him with attempted murder. On Thursday, investigators upgraded the charge to murder.
Stanley Davis is being held at the county jail.
Copyright 2013 FOX Carolina (Meredith Corporation). All rights reserved.


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Women's Basketball
The Lady Flames' slate of opponents is headlined by two teams from the Big 10 (Minnesota and Penn State) and one each from the ACC (N.C. State) and SEC (South Carolina). > Read More
Open tryouts for the 2014-15 Liberty women's basketball team will be held Tuesday, Aug. 19 and Wednesday, Aug. 20. > Read More
Clement Townsend caught up with Catherine Kearney, Ashley Rininger, Mickayla Sanders and assistant coach Andrea "Andy" Bloodworth to recap the Lady Flames' experiences. > Read More
Six Liberty student-athletes were recently recognized for their efforts in the classroom as the half-dozen Flames were named to the 2013-14 VaSID All-State Academic team. > Read More
The Liberty women's basketball team recently participated in the #Chillin4Charity Cold Water Challenge to support and bring awareness to the Kay Yow Cancer Fund. > Read More
Two weeks after departing for Israel, the Lady Flames are back home in the USA. Ashley Rininger describes the team's lengthy return trip in today's entry. > Read More
Brittany Campbell, who wrapped up her playing career for the Lady Flames in 2012-13, will remain a part of the program as an assistant coach. > Read More
More Headlines
Full Schedule
More Recaps
©Copyright 2014 Liberty University. All rights reserved.


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Digital art created with painter and photoshop.
photoshop, painter, graphics tablet, sun, watching, woman, kneeling
I enjoy creating Art and often work with a combination of Pen, Pencil and Digital elements. At the other extreme I draw solely in Corel Painter with graphics tablet. I like to bring the power of Technology to My work, incorporating the Computer in Digital colouring, cleaning up, Scanning and effects.
I hope You enjoy My drawings!
My Facebook page…all the latest drawings!


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Tuscaloosa, Ala. • Just as they balance between success and dramatic failure as they work the balance beam, Utah's gymnasts are treading the line between being confident and too complacent as they head into Saturday's NCAA Regional Championship hosted by Alabama.
The ninth-ranked Utes, who are the only team in the country to advance to every NCAA Championship, will be hard-pressed to beat third-ranked and two-time defending national champion Alabama for the regional title.
However, barring some catastrophic failure, the Utes should be good enough to beat the rest of the field and advance to the NCAA Championships, hosted by UCLA, April 19-21.
But what seems like an ideal situation is a bit nerve-wracking for Utah coach Greg Marsden, whose team has flipped between competing like a veteran group and one like the youngsters they are.
"If we can hit four events, we are good enough to move forward," Marsden said. "If we struggle somewhere, somebody else can get us. We have to go and compete."
The Utes found out at the Pac-12 Championships how fast they can fall in the standings when a disappointing rotation on the balance beam dropped them from first to third.
That was a lesson well learned, Kassandra Lopez said.
"We know we can't underestimate any teams," she said. "We've had an up and down season but I see us in practice and I know we can be amazing and we have trained enough to do well. But anybody can be on their game any given night so we can't overlook anyone."
One team that of course would love to get the better of the Utes is BYU. The Cougars lost to Utah 197.125-195.5 on March 1. However, the odds are stacked against the Cougars as they haven't scored above 195.875 this year and haven't qualified for nationals since 2005 when they finished 11th.
"They are our big rival so it should make it fun," sophomore Georgia Dabritz said. "We always want to do well against them."
Their main concern though is Alabama, a team that is a rivalry between the coaches more so than the teams. Utah hasn't competed in Tuscaloosa since finishing fourth in the 2002 NCAAs won by the Tide, but Marsden and Alabama coach Sarah Patterson often find themselves butting heads during coaches meetings.
The personal history will add a little spice to an arena that doesn't really need any added intensity as Coleman Coliseum is legendary for being one of the hardest atmospheres in which to compete.
The Tide haven't lost at home since 2009, winning 34 in a row. Alabama consistently draws nearly as many fans as Utah does and averaged 13,422 this year.
Utah didn't do so well the last time it competed in a similar atmosphere, losing at Georgia 197.65-196.975, but freshman Breanna Hughes said the Utes are prepared.
"We are more than ready for it," she said. "The coaches have tried to prepare us, but we have competed in front of our crowds that are big. We just need to go out and focus on hitting our stuff and we will be OK."
National rankings
(Based on RQS)
1. Florida 197.84
2. Oklahoma 197.5
3. Alabama 197.415
4. Georgia 197.26
5. Michigan 197.235
8. Nebraska 197.145
9. Utah 197.105
10. Oregon St. 196.9
11. Stanford 196.71
12. Auburn, Minnesota 196.615
14. Penn St. 196.5
15. Denver 196.47
16. Arkansas 196.435
17. Illinois 196.21
18. Arizona 196.09
19. Kentucky 196.06
20. Ohio St. 196.005
21. Boise St. 195.97
22. Washington 195.965
23. Kent St. 195.815
24. Maryland and Central Michigan 195.81
NCAA Regionals
O At Tuscaloosa, Ala.
When • Saturday, 5 p.m. MDT
At stake • The top two teams will advance to the NCAA Championships hosted by UCLA, April 19-21.
Rank and RQS • 3, 197.415
Series vs. Utah • Alabama leads 26-18
Coach • Sarah and David Patterson (35th year)
Rank and RQS • 15, 196.47
Series vs. Utah • Utah, 16-0
Coach • Melissa Kutcher-Rinehart (15th year)
Kent State
Rank and RQS • 23, 195.815
Series vs. Utah • Utah, 4-0
Coach • Bruce Biggin (22nd year)
Rank and RQS • 29, 195.365
Series vs. Utah • Utah, 89-2
Coach • Brad Cattermole (25th year)
Iowa State
Rank and RQS • 34, 195.105
Series vs. Utah • Utah, 6-0
Coach • Jay Ronayne (7th year)


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About Us
The JetPay Corporation (NASDAQ: JTPY) (formerly Universal Business Payment Solutions' (UBPS) (NASDAQ: UBPS) provides one-stop, end-to-end payroll, payment, and debit and credit card processing services to businesses and their employees. With the recent acquisition of two operating companies, JetPay, a real-time card and ACH processor as well as merchant account provider, and A D Computer, a comprehensive payroll and tax filing service, JetPay Corporation has the technology platform and competitive advantage to accelerate growth and expansion in the payments industry.
We leverage our extensive history and expertise in introducing "convenience" into consumer transactions to the benefit of small businesses, their customers, and their employees. Businesses need a convenient and comprehensive payment solution, from payroll and tax filing to merchant accounts and front- and back-end transaction processing. JetPay Corporation is uniquely positioned to provide an unmatched continuum of service and to achieve rapid growth.
We also leverage our unique technology platform to grow revenues and lower costs for both large and small businesses accepting payments in the virtual world – internet, bill payment, dues, subscriptions and others.
©2013 JetPay Corporation, all rights reserved


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Slow Food for Africa
14 Feb 14
10,000 Food Gardens to Cultivate the Future
We made our dream of creating a thousand food gardens in Africa a reality. But the Slow Food network isn't stopping there. Now we want to create ten thousand, to promote local food consumption and celebrate the continent's biodiversity.
FOLLOW THE LIVE WEBSTREAM (in Italian) on Monday February 17, 6-8 pm CET
We have reached our goal. Thanks to the mobilization of Slow Food's entire international network and the work of the convivia and African communities, we have created 1,000 food gardens in Africa. The gardens involve over 50,000 people, including farmers, agronomists, students and teachers.
Thanks to the gardens project, Slow Food's African network has been strengthened, new communities have been started, many endangered local foods have been identified and new Presidia have been launched.
We've come a long way. Just think back to before 2004, when the first Terra Madre was held. Slow Food had only a minimal presence in Africa, with just two convivia in South Africa and three Presidia, in Morocco and Madagascar. Today, after five Terra Madre global gatherings and the first thousand gardens in Africa, Slow Food in Africa comprises 354 food communities in 38 countries, 100 convivia, 30 Presidia and 84 Ark of Taste products. This context means we can set ourselves an ambitious new challenge: 10,000 food gardens in Africa!
Behind this extra zero lies a political proposal. This five-digit number represents Slow Food's entire strategy in Africa, which involves promoting local food consumption and food education in schools, protecting biodiversity (Ark of Taste and Presidia), adding value to African gastronomy and raising awareness about crucial issues like GMOs, land grabbing and sustainable fishing.
Creating 10,000 food gardens means training a network of young African leaders by 2016 who will actively guide the policies and operations of the Slow Food movement in Africa. These leaders will be aware of the value of their land and their cultures, protagonists for change and their continent's future.
The project's new phase will be officially launched in Milan on February 17, during the Slow Food for Africa event, which will be attended by Carlo Petrini (President of Slow Food), José Graziano da Silva (Director-General of the FAO), Cècile Kyenge (Italy's Minister for Integration), five African representatives (John Kariuki and Eunice Njoroge from Kenya, Edie Mukiibi from Uganda, Bineta Diallo from Senegal and Mariam Ouattara from Côte d'Ivoire) and 450 supporters and friends of the project (journalists, entrepreneurs, actors, filmmakers and many Slow Food convivium leaders and members).
The event is being streamed live (in Italian) from 6 to 8 pm CET on Monday February 17 (www.slowfood.com and www.slowfoodfoundation.org). It will be available in English the following day on the Slow Food and Slow Food Foundation websites or Slow Food International's YouTube channel.
Twitter: #10000gardens #10000orti
Search the Slow Stories archive
182 Slow Wineries
Italy | 23/09/2014 | We share with you our list of Italian wineries recognized by the 2015 Slow Wine guide for their exceptional...
Kitchen Tips
Italy | 22/09/2014 | 10 bite-sized cooking tips from the brought to you from the chefs at the Salone del Gusto Cooking School…
Korea's Buddhist Temple Food Comes to Turin
South Korea | 18/09/2014 | This year, the Korean delegation at Salone del Gusto brings something a little different…
NEW VIDEO: What is Slow Food?
16/09/2014 | Carlo Petrini invites you to watch a new video that marks the start of the Slow Food membership drive…
SALONE SPECIAL: Top That!
Italy | 09/09/2014 | A celebration of authentic Neapolitan pizza...
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Career stats loading...
- Games/Starts: 1/0
- Made one catch for four yards in 2014 debut vs. Arkansas State (9/6)
- Photo Gallery
- Games/Starts: 10/2
- Reserve receiver after transferring from Blinn JC
- In 10 games with two starts, made 13 catches for 189 yards
- Started and grabbed two catches for 35 yards at Kentucky (11/30)
- Two catches for 14 yards vs. #7 Auburn (11/9)
- Career-best three catches for 38 yards at #11 Missouri (11/2)
- Hauled in a 24-yard catch at #1 Alabama (10/26)
- First catch since second game of the season, with a 6-yard reception vs. #11 South Carolina (10/19)
- Returned vs. South Alabama (9/28), had no catches
- Sat out games at #2 Oregon (9/14) and at #19 Florida (9/21) with an injury
- Hauled in a career-long 37-yard catch as part of two catches for 57 yards vs. WKU (9/7)
- In Vols debut, made two catches for 15 yards vs. Austin Peay (8/31)
- Played in just four games for the Buccaneers during his one season at Blinn College
- Finished the season with 69 receiving yards, the majority coming in a four catch, 68 yard effort against Northeastern Oklahoma A&M College
- Used as a punt and kick returner finishing with four punt returns for 67 yards and 1 kick return for 60 yards
- Made the Dean's List during his freshman year at Blinn
- Coached by Steve Van Meter at Friendswood High School
- Rated three-star by Rivals
- Rated three-star by 247Sports (No. 152 overall wide receiver, No. 204 overall prospect in Texas)
- Rated two-star by ESPN (No. 170 overall wide receiver, No. 293 overall prospect in Texas)
- Rated three-star by Scout (No. 109 overall wide receiver)
- Played all four seasons on varsity at Friendswood including two seasons as team captain
- Racked up over 4,000 yards of rushing and 34 touchdowns including over 1,500 yards rushing in his junior and senior seasons
- Tallied nearly 2,000 receiving yards in his career at Friendswood hauling in 23 touchdowns
- Named newcomer of the year in his sophomore season and was First Team all-region and all-county in his junior an senior years
- Reached state semifinals as a freshman, quarterfinals as a sophomore, semifinals as a junior and first round as a senior
- Also a member of the track and basketball teams
- Full Name: Johnathon Wayne Johnson
- Born: January 3, 1994
- Son of Stacy Johnson
- Majoring in Psychology
- Receptions - 3 at Missouri, 11/2/13
- Receiving - 57 vs. Western Kentucky, 9/7/13


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A fire at a Weschester apartment complex has left dozens of people homeless.
The raging fire broke out at about 11 a.m. at the 13 unit Hudson View Estates complex on Lakeview Drive in Peekskill.
Firefighters were hampered by a nearby watermain break, making it difficult to get water onto the flames.
The Red Cross set up a staging area to provide help to the victims.
There was no word on a cause or any possible injuries.
KTTV FOX 111999 S. Bundy Dr.Los Angeles CA 90025Main: (310) 584-2000News Tips? (310) 584-2025


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Top 5 Holiday Make Up Essentials
I don't think I could live without hair, makeup and styling, let alone be the performer I am. I am a glamour girl through and through. I believe in the glamorous life and I live one. – Lady Gaga
Like all Little Monsters, we LOVE our make up. To the point where when we were out shopping on Black Friday, instead of heading to the sales racks, we were obsessing over the make up counters at Macy's and Nordstroms. Sharing is caring, especially in the world of make up, so check out our Top 5 Holiday Make Up Essentials:
Holiday Make Up Essential # 1: Urban Decay 15 year Anniversary Palate
This little find costs about $55 at Macy's, and boasts of 15 colors for 15 years! It comes in a neat velvet encase, and part of it doubles as a mirror. What I personally love about it, is it has your neutrals: Midnight 15 & Vanilla, your base shades: Chase & Ace, smokey shades: Blackout & Half truth, and more. My favorite color is Deeper, a golden brown which you can use as an allover shade, or throw a bit on your crease for some subtle yet sexy definition. Available at UrbanDecay.com – direct link.
Holiday Make Up Essential #2: Urban Decay Bronzer in Toasted
Before you check out from UrbanDecay.com, check out another Holiday Make Up Essential – BRONZER. We can not stress this enough but, WE LOVE BRONZER.
Bronzer. Bronzer. BRONZER, we heart you like we heart Drake! So give us some sunshine lovin, without the bake!
Though the official start of winter season has yet to start, we like to ensure a gorgeous bronzed-goddess tan year-round and Toasted by Urban Decay, helps us achieve just that! Priced at $26, it's an ultimate mix of pink and brown, it gives you just enough color to ensure a natural yet slightly pink glow. Check it out on your skin tone, Urban Decay also carries shades in Gilded and Baked, in case this isn't the right fit for you.
Holiday Make Up Essential # 3: Ticket to Glossytown Lip Gloss set from BeneFit
In LOVE. With this sassy little BeneFit steal you get 6 mini-glosses all for $24. It's a true, blue make up STEAL! Included in this nifty little gift set is, Kiss Me, one of BeneFit's most popular lip glosses. Whether you wear it alone on your pucker, or on top of lipstick, this sheer gloss gives you a tint of blue, making your smile brighter and whiter! Foxy Lady & So Frisk Me = gorg!
Holiday Make Up Essential #4: Pop Mascara
Hi, my name is Raji, and I'm the biggest Mascara snob you will ever meet. I love eyelashes, I love mascara, and I love drama(tic lashes, that is!). I picked up Pop Mascara from Nordstrom's last week, and mused to myself 'Whimsical .. pop mascara .. lets see'. I went home, played around and I have to say, this got about 4 out of 5 Raji Mascara stars, which is rather hard to get. The reason I chose this as a winter must have, is because it does a good job with volume and definition of lashes, and it's water resistant – much needed for the holiday weather!
Holiday Make Up Essential # 5: L'Oreal Extra Intense Liquid Pencil Eyeliner
This is not a Nordies or Macy's find, dear readers. We believe in Ballin' On a Budget, here at PrettyPlease.Us. This is why I'm a HUGE fan of L'oreal's Extra Intense Liquid Pencil Eyeliner. I've gone through many an eyeliner pencil, to see what bleeds, smudges, and doesn't cut it – I'm proud to say Extra Intense Liquid Pencil Eyeliner seems to do exactly the opposite, this extra black, extra intense eyeliner simply glides on, allows you to smudge at will, and otherwise stays put. This specific eyeliner is waterproof, and goes great on top of eyeshadow or just a naked eye. At the uber affordable price of $8.49, it WIN'S as our top Holiday Make Up Essential. Grab one for yourself at the nearest CVS or Walgreens.
Love our picks? Got some of your own? Let us know – we're always open to new and fun products!


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I will have to ramp up my running and get some new kicks. It would also help a lot if this damn cold would get out of my system!! I have been fighting it on and off for a month now. It must really like me. LOL I'll be running tonight and doing my INSANITY workout. My day off yesterday did wonders for my legs. I had not had a rest day in over two weeks. I know...I need my rest. Sometimes I ignore what my body needs and just want to push it as hard as I can.
Tomorrow is my son's first track meet. He was chosen as the anchor of his 1600 meter relay team!! I'm very proud of him. He is only a sophomore so that is pretty cool!! I can't wait to watch him run tomorrow.
Anyway...I had better get back to work. :-) Bye.


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Editor's Note: This story has been corrected from the printed version, which included an error.
It's clear the Jan. 9 leak from a Freedom Industries storage tank into the Elk River surprised the state's public officials.The fiasco was quickly given the title of the "water crisis" and had many, including the governor, legislators and health officers, up in arms about how to better protect the state's water supply going forward.
What remains unclear, months later, is why the relay of much-needed information to ensure the well being of the general public seemed unorganized.
For months after the spill of crude MCHM, a chemical used in cleaning coal, the public continued to be on high alert about what it heard from those who were deemed trusted health officials.
It wasn't until May 5, almost four months after the spill, that Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin called on the public for its input on the way the government handled the water crisis.
The questionnaire his office distributed via Twitter and a news release consisted of about 10 questions asking the respondent to include his or her name, phone number and mailing address. The form is available for anyone to fill out online until May 26.
Tomblin said he called on Adjutant General James Hoyer of the West Virginia National Guard and Jimmy Gianato, director of the West Virginia Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management for help in conducting the survey.
Senate Majority Leader John Unger, D-Berkeley, said the state government reaction is exactly how West Virginia will be judged on the crisis.
"I think the information was not communicated as well as it should've been," Unger said. "That's been the challenge all along — that's one area we definitely needed help with."
Unger said the state continues to lack answers for the long-term health impacts of the little-known-about chemical.
The leak of crude MCHM resulted in the contamination of the water supply of 300,000 people. MCHM, as well as PPH, was discovered in the water. Little is known about the chemicals, but residents were alerted of it being in the water, largely on their own, because of its distinct licorice odor.
As late as mid-April, representatives in U.S. Congress were still asking the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for a "safe" level of inhalation and skin exposure to crude MCHM.
"There were some disappointments, but also there were some victories," Unger said.
Referencing the bill he sponsored, Senate Bill 373, Unger said he believes the legislation will protect all aspects of West Virginia's waterways from future disasters.
"We're still in the stage of being judged on what we've done," Unger said. "The public needs to continue to be engaged in that process."
Delegate Meshea Poore, D-Kanawha, said moving forward the public needs to continue to be involved in the implementation process of SB 373.
"The Senate bill was a framework (for the House) to start from," Poore said. "(SB 373) is one of the best pieces of legislation we could have come up with from this matter."
She said by following the bill from the beginning to end, she has confidence it is off to a strong start, but she believes the public needs to continue to stay involved throughout the rules process.
She also believes a large part of the failure of the water crisis can be attributed to communication.
"If everybody had been on the same page as information was coming to them, I think this community would have been a little more comfortable," Poore said. "The way that people learned about the chemical spill wasn't the same for everyone — some people learned from their friends telling them or on the radio. We didn't have a system that distributed information to all of us."
She said information, as late as April, often conflicted. A petition filed in February in the state Supreme Court targets two state agencies and their perceived failure to take action that may have prevented the chemical spill.
The petition, according to the Associated Press, was filed on behalf of Covenant House and the West Virginia Coalition Against Domestic Violence and two individuals, lists the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHR) and the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) as defendants.
The petitioners accuse the state agencies of a "collective dereliction" of their duties. The petition also accused the state offices of not following the proper laws set in place to protect the state's drinking water supply.
Senate Bill 373 is supposed to hold the WV DEP accountable for regulating and inspecting above-ground storage tanks.
Secretary Randy Huffman, of the WV DEP, said the bill will help his agency better assess the risks to the state's water supply. He said his agency would have carried out those practices if it were written into law before.
"We learned there are a lot of vulnerabilities to our water supply," Huffman said in an interview on "The State Journal's Decision Makers," a weekend statewide public affairs show. "At a higher level, we've got very clean water in this state."
Huffman said West Virginians learned they take that clean water for granted.
"Clean water is the single biggest economic development tool (in the state)," Huffman said.
He said the DEP will be able to concentrate about 15 people on the inspection of storage tanks, including those in "zones of critical concern." Huffman said tanks in the zones of critical concern will be inspected on an annual basis. He said there are thousands of storage tanks in the zone, with tens of thousands in the rest of the state.
The DHHR and DEP were singled out in several public forums as having been lax in performing the necessary duties of their offices. The public health officer and secretary of DHHR were two individuals targeted during the crisis.
Letitia Tierney was appointed to the position of commissioner of the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health in November 2013. The chemical leak occurred 60 days later.
Unger said it was lack of leadership that discredited Tierney and others during the crisis, as well as disagreements among various officials.
Both Tierney and the DHHR denied repeated requests for interviews for this story, and DHHR emailed a short statement about Tierney's qualifications.
Tierney didn't hide the fact that she was new to the position when the leak happened, but that's not what concerned residents and lawmakers when she expressed her opinion about the water and its safety.
Tierney attended George Washington University where she received her law degree. She says she started practicing law in 1992.
Tierney was a practicing lawyer for 21 years, she said Feb. 2 on "The State Journal's Decision Makers." She also did an internship for Sen. Jay Rockefeller, D-W.Va. Tierney then attended medical school at the West Virginia University School of Medicine where she graduated in 2006. Tierney received her permanent medical license in 2008, according to the West Virginia Board of Medicine.
Tierney explained on "The State Journal's Decision Makers" she graduated from her residency training in June 2010 and started working as commissioner in November 2013. She said she was practicing medicine between June 2010 and Nov. 1, 2013. During that time, she also served on the CAMC ethics committee and CAMC Board on Quality, according to the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health. The board, according to CAMC, is the Quality Board and is affiliated with the hospital's Board of Trustees.
Tierney's primary specialty is in Internal Medicine/Pediatrics. The WVU School of Medicine says a specialty of that type requires four years of residency training.
Neither Tierney nor the DHHR would confirm if Tierney fulfilled that requirement, only stating that she served on the ethics committee and the CAMC Board on Quality from 2009-2013.
According to the WVU School of Medicine, a practicing physician must complete a residency in order to legally practice in the state. However, according to the West Virginia Medical Practice Act and Rules, requirements for the minimum qualifications for a physician licensure are:
A spokesperson for Tierney said she served as chief resident at CAMC and was chair of the Hospitalist Peer Review Committee before becoming the state health officer. According to Tierney's office, she is "well qualified for the role serving as West Virginia's Commissioner for Public Health and State Health Office as set forth in code."
These are the only comments and clarification of Tierney's qualifications DHHR would provide for this story.
CAMC explains that a hospitalist is a physician whose practice is "entirely focused on the care of hospitalized patients (and) are board-certified in internal medicine or in family practice."
According to West Virginia State Code (Chapter 16-1-5), the position of commissioner requires four years of experience in health services administration or a related field:
"The commissioner of the bureau for public health is the state health officer and shall be appointed by the secretary. The commissioner shall be a physician licensed under the laws of this state to practice medicine or a person holding a doctorate degree in public health administration. The commissioner shall not have less than four years' experience in health services administration or a related filed. The commissioner serves at the will and pleasure of the secretary and shall not be actively engaged or employed in any other business, vocation or employment, serving full time in the duties of the office as prescribed by this article."
Through research, The State Journal found some states don't require a medical officer or secretary spend a specified amount of time in a medical administration position before serving as the state's health administrator.
In Ohio, there is no state health commissioner. However, the Ohio Department of Health director reports to the governor. Several people report to the director, including the chief operating officer, chief administrative officer, deputy director of public health support and general counsel.
The ODH monitors situations based on what county and local health commissioners tell them. Questions and concerns are directed to the appropriate departments, a spokeswoman said.
In Pennsylvania, the position of secretary of health is appointed and he or she needs either experience in public health administration services or a medical/osteopathic degree. The number of years for the health secretary, where West Virginia requires not less than four, is not stated in Pennsylvania code. However, the secretary is assisted by a physician licensed by the Commonwealth.
In Kentucky, no years of experience are given as a requirement for the position of the health commissioner. Under Kentucky law, the commissioner for public health "should be a duly licensed physician who, by experience and training in administration and management, is qualified to perform duties of office."
DHHR Cabinet Secretary Karen Bowling, from Beckley, was appointed to the position in May 2013.
She spent time at Raleigh General Hospital and also served as dean of health sciences at Mountain State University — a school that has permanently closed. The school lost its accreditation after a lawsuit was filed against it, asserting MSU "took on $10.2 million in debt to refinance its $7 million purchase loan to fund improvements to Martinsburg Mall and for the opening of an integrated learning center." The suit maintains the learning center never completely opened.
Lawmakers during the 2014 legislative session showed their disapproval for Bowling's appointment during the Senate's adoption of executive nominations March 8.
At that time, Sen. Roman Prezioso, D-Marion, pulled one candidate from the list of about 30 appointees (which traditionally get voted on together in one group) to ask the Senate to vote on her appointment individually. He voted against appointing Bowling as secretary of the Department of Health and Human Resources. Prezioso said, at the time, his reasoning was because of his concerns about an audit released last year revealing the department was run inefficiently. He also said he'd rather a national job search have been conducted for the position.
Before voting against Prezioso's motion, Sen. Evan Jenkins, R-Cabell, spoke in favor of Bowling. He said in his experience she is "professional" and "capable" of doing the job.
Tierney said on multiple occasions she was only acting on what others were telling her about the water situation. She said she was drinking the water weeks after it was contaminated, claiming she was trying to give the public "confidence."
Tomblin said at multiple news conferences in the weeks following the crisis the people of West Virginia would have to decide for themselves if they wanted to use the water.
Only weeks after the spill, Tierney said the water was safe, and on the Feb. 2 edition of "The State Journal's Decision Makers," she said she was drinking the water.
The CDC had not used the word "safe," but rather described the water as "appropriate for use."
But her counterparts in the public health field publicly stated they were not — nor were their families — drinking the water. Dr. Rahul Gupta, health officer and executive director of the Kanawha-Charleston and Putnam County health departments, said at the time he didn't know the long-term health effects of the chemical and was advising his family not to drink the water.
During a Joint Legislative Oversight Committee meeting on State Water Resources, Gupta and Tierney did not see eye-to-eye on their stances of whether the water was in fact "safe." Tierney used the word safe to describe the water, while Gupta said he didn't have enough information to do so.
Unger said recently he thinks the largest failure of the water crisis can be chalked up to miscommunication.
Tierney also contested on "The State Journal's Decision Makers" she was not a toxicologist, but those "experts" were available to advise her. During the segment, host Bray Cary (who also is CEO of West Virginia Media, The State Journal's parent company) was adamant Tierney reveal to the people of West Virginia who her "experts" were.
"You are making recommendations to the governor," Cary said. "Representing people of this state, making life and death decisions and you won't tell us who you are talking to?"
Tierney said she could not reveal her sources because she had not notified them to ask if they would be alright with her releasing their names.
"I will ask," she said.
Unger said it raised a red flag for him when Tierney would not provide a list of her "experts" before the water resources committee he's chairman of, after she also was previously asked on television.
"If you're receiving expert information and saying that to people, why not indicate where that information is coming from?" Unger added. "Cite your sources."
So, Feb. 14, nine days after Unger requested a list of names, Tierney submitted it to the Joint Legislative Oversight Commission on State Water Resources. Her last public appearance to discuss the water crisis was at the water resources committee meeting Feb. 12.
Tierney's list of experts included members of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, West Virginia American Water, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as well as at least one West Virginia doctor.
Elizabeth Scharman, director of the West Virginia Poison Center was on that list.
Scharman said she had confidence in all of the officials, including those from the bureau for public health, who were in charge during the emergency. Scharman said her role in the water crisis was to field questions on signs and symptoms of the public through a toll-free telephone number which was given out immediately following the "do not use" order.
"It's what we do everyday," she said. "We've dealt with chemical spills in the past; we're trained and set up to provide this."
Scharman said she has been in her position for almost 22 years, and while this crisis was the largest she's dealt with, she said that's what the poison control center is meant to provide.
Operating with eight full-time nurses, a director and two part-time employees, the center is open 24 hours a day and gives emergency treatment and advice to people, including situations when they have taken the wrong medication, swallowing cleaning supplies or gotten snake bites.
Sharman said on a typical day the center received about 100 phone calls, but during the chemical spill they received about 2,400 calls in a few days.
She said the water crisis was different from other emergencies in that experts, from the first day, knew the product that was in the water; although little information about the chemical was immediately available.
"That's often not the case when there is a leak," she said. "It (usually) takes a while before people know what leaked."
She said reactions to that crisis were across a spectrum, as to be expected, but the challenge was meeting the needs of a diverse group.
"From the poison center's perspective, I think there were a lot of people who were not clinical toxicologists giving medical information," Scharman said.
Scharman said the public health community rarely uses the term "safe," because there are always risks.
"I think that caused a lot of unnecessary angst that didn't need to happen," she said. "It would be ideal for public health on a larger scale to rethink the terminology."
She said the poison control center was working with the DHHR and Tomblin's office to provide health information, which was overshadowed by misconstrued information.
"It was frustrating to hear chemists giving medical information," she added.
Cary also asked Tierney about a health study, which she said should be completed by the first of next year.
The Bureau for Public Health officials conducted a Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response, or CASPER, study from April 8-10, about three months after the spill occurred. The study sent health officials door-to-door collecting information from those affected by the Jan. 9 chemical leak.
Tierney said, then, the results of the study would help state and local officials respond to future disasters, including how to properly communicate with the public. The results of the study and its participants were to be kept confidential under state law, officials said.
Gupta and the Kanawha-Charleston Health Department also conducted a survey, asking people how they felt during the water crisis, what they did during the crisis and how public officials responded to their concerns.
At the same time, the KCHD joined the City of Charleston in a lawsuit against those involved in the chemical leak, of which they said would include West Virginia American Water and Freedom Industries.
Unger said he would have liked to see government officials communicating with the public for up-to-the-minute information.
"That wasn't provided," he said. "Part of the problem was they weren't making decisions, basing it off of incomplete information.
"I do feel that some of the officials projected more confidence than what the reality was."
Although public health and government officials were under pressure, Unger said some should have stepped up to ensure that those responsible would be held accountable.
"I don't think the response was immediate," he said. "I don't think anyone understood the magnitude of this."
Unger also pointed out a news conference the CDC was invited to, where officials flew in to Charleston just long enough to stand behind a podium and not say if the water was safe.
Unger said the event may have done a disservice, if anything, to instilling confidence back into the public.
Unger said while people continue to be wary of the water, West Virginia should learn from the disaster to be sure history does not repeat itself.
"There are a lot of unanswered questions," Unger said April 22. "It's close to five months and West Virginia American Water is just now changing filters; does that mean everyone needs to re-flush their system? What does that mean?"
He said lawmakers and local officials pegged as leaders in the crisis may not have stepped up to the best of their abilities.
"We could've done better," he said.
Alanna Autler, WOWK-TV, contributed to this story.


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Black Jack JF Jacques
Did I ever tell you my Billy Ashley story? I used to be in a baseball roto league (extremely competitive, I can't even describe how cruel and vicious we were to each other. It was great) and followed all the prospects very closely (one of the few ways to win in the ERL was to get prospects before anyone knew who they were. It was a keeper league).
Anyway, Billy Ashley was an OF prospect in the LA Dodger system and he hit a lot of home runs in the Pacific Coast League (this was maybe 1994). I remember well doing the Bill James MBLE to let the air out of his offense in order to project him into the National League of 1995.
At the draft (we bid on players, didn't draft them) I got into a war with another owner and ended up spending $28 on Ashley (which should get you a veteran outfielder with an excellent power/speed number if you're rational).
Ashley killed me. Jesus he was awful. I can't even describe how bad he was. He struck out all the time, he hit nothing but air and O by the way he was AWFUL in the outfield too. His hit totals were exceeded by his strikeout totals every season he played. Ashley hit .221, .243, .333 (6 ABs), .237, .200, and finally .244 in his last year with the Dodgers who liked him only a little more than me and his Mom.
I remember he hit two homers at Wrigley one day in 1995 and the next day I got a really good trade offer. Are you kidding me? I kept him baby, because my mighty team was going to have Billy Ashley on it right up until we finished 8th that season.
I'm afraid JF Jacques might be Billy Ashley. Have you SEEN him? He' a freaking giant. He looks dangerous every shift (and in fact IS dangerous every shift, just not in a good way) and if he could just take a pass, make a pass, shoot the puck or be in the general area that people who play his position are most of the time I think he'll be a player.
Jacques has a beauty chance to make the Oilers this fall. Just like Billy Ashley in spring 1995. I find myself thanking the Hockey Gods that there is nothing resembling a hockey roto league, because having two Billy Ashley's in one lifetime is simply too much to endure.


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Blue Book® Suggested Retail Value
Fuel Economy (city/hwy)
Road Test: 2008 smart fortwo
This 2008 review is representative of model years 2008 to 2012.
By Andrew Bornhop of Road & Track
Is this some sort of cruel joke, having the largest guy on staff (all 6 ft. 4 in. of me) write the road test of the smallest production car we've ever tested? If so, it didn't work. Interior space is far from a problem in the smart fortwo; rather, it's one of the new city car's strong points. Built at a Daimler-owned factory in France, the smart fortwo is a model of packaging efficiency, able to comfortably accommodate two large adults and a couple of suitcases in a tidy overall package that's 39.5 in. shorter than a Mini. Parked nose to tail, two smarts take up less space than a Chevy Suburban. That's short, and the upright car is about as tall (60.7 in.) as it is wide (61.4 in.).
If the smart looks familiar to you, it should. It's been on sale for nearly a decade in Europe, and it has proven to be popular in places like Rome and Paris where they can be parked perpendicular to traffic on the sides of narrow city streets. That probably won't be allowed in the U.S., where the mildly restyled and slightly larger second-generation fortwo went on sale in January at approximately 70 smart centers across the nation, most in large cities and affiliated with a Mercedes dealer.
So, is the U.S. ready for the innovative smart, with its cute styling, tiny footprint and fuel-efficient 1.0-liter 3-cylinder engine? Let's find out.
On the road, the smart — with its sturdy exoskeleton-style chassis, strut front suspension and semi-independent U-shaped De Dion rear axle — doesn't feel toyish or like a golf cart. It's clearly well engineered, and the high seating position and large windshield make the car seem almost conventional...provided you keep looking forward and forget about how close you are to the back bumper. The smart cruises on the freeway at 65 mph with good stability and ease, its rear-mounted Mitsubishi-built inline-3 humming along quietly at 3250 rpm and its rack-and pinion steering exhibiting a strong self-centering tendency. The ride is firm, not overly so, though lacking some compliance.
Around town, we love the tight turning radius and ability to park just about anywhere. But the urban environment also brings to light the car's main flaw — its 5-speed "automated manual" gearbox, which can shift on its own or be shifted via paddles behind the steering wheel. Like a standard automatic, some creep is built in, meaning the fortwo will inch forward when the driver lifts off the brake. That's natural, but the 1–2 shift that follows is far from that, so slow and prolonged that the driver and passenger actually tilt forward in their seats as they wait for the next gear to be engaged and acceleration to return to normal. It's a bother, to say the least.
What's more, for maximized fuel economy, the Getrag gearbox upshifts in quick succession, meaning the fortwo is frequently already in 4th gear by 30 mph, at which point the reasonably torquey engine (which puts out 70 bhp at 5800 rpm and 68 lb.-ft. of torque at 4500 rpm) begins to lug and starts emitting sounds that are agricultural in character. Further, the gearbox doesn't like to downshift during mild acceleration; it takes a complete flooring of the accelerator to drop down a gear or two, an annoying trait that may negate any fuel savings in this car with such an emphasis on fuel economy. The EPA figures of 33 mpg city and 40 mpg highway may not seem that impressive at first, but they're good when compared with those of other economy cars in the tougher 2008 tests. By "old" EPA numbers, the fortwo is rated at 40 city/45 highway.
Although most drivers gradually get accustomed to the fortwo's lethargic automatic shifting, most of us settled on shifting the car manually via the paddles, and lifting off the throttle each time to make it feel more like a conventional manual gearbox, something that the fortwo sorely needs. That, or perhaps a conventional automatic.
Safety is a natural concern, and Mercedes-Benz maintains that the fortwo meets all the company's strict requirements, and that 10 years of European crash data have further proven the smart to be a safe car. The company likens the exposed "tridion" safety cell of the fortwo (the exposed silver areas on our test car) to the hard shell of a walnut, to which are bolted energy-absorbing crash boxes front and rear. A double-plate made of high-strength steel protects the driver's feet, while reinforced side skirts stretching between the front and rear wheels add protection in a side crash. U.S. cars benefit from two dual-stage frontal airbags and a head/thorax side-impact bag in each seat.
For the most part, impact loads are directed below the high passenger cabin. In a rear impact, the transverse-mounted engine and transmission slide under the cockpit to absorb energy. And in side crashes, smart says the short 73.5-in. wheelbase of the fortwo means almost all impacts will involve the striking of a wheel, again transmitting loads below and away from the passenger compartment.
On the down side, the high seating position raises the fortwo's center of gravity, the last thing you want in a tall and narrow vehicle with a short wheelbase. Hence, the fortwo has 1-in.-wider rear wheels and tires, tuned with a healthy dose of negative camber to keep the smart from oversteering at all costs. That, with Mercedes' ESP stability control as the final arbiter, means the fortwo can't do anything untoward, and the Stuttgart company likes to keep it that way by not allowing the driver to switch the system off.
Although studies have shown that stability control systems are the second biggest savers of lives (after seatbelts), ESP wreaked havoc in our tests. On our 200-ft. skidpad, the fortwo understeered its way to a 0.72g rating, our driver doing his best to keep ESP right on the cusp of intervening. In the slalom, ESP was simply too active, limiting the fortwo to a 57.6-mph weave that earns it the distinction of being the slowest slalom car in our Road Test Summary, booting the Rolls-Royce Phantom from that spot. Shifted manually right before the 6500-rpm fuel cut-off point in each gear, the smart hits 60 mph in 13.3 seconds, another performance that puts it at the bottom of the pack.
In the grand scheme of things, however, the smart fortwo is not about skidpad, slalom figures and 0–60 times; it's a new experiment in urban transportation and should be viewed in that light. We praise both its space efficiency and its fuel efficiency, and think it makes a lot of sense in tight urban areas such as New York City and San Francisco, where parking can be a nightmare. Heck, it even has a feature to prevent the car from rolling back when starting on steep hills. The fortwo also bursts with personality, enhanced by a lively interior that's of reasonably good quality but is clearly built to a price point, as the abundant hard plastics indicate. As such, it says something about its owner. That you're willing to try new things. And thanks in part to the car's SULEV rating, that you like the idea of reducing your carbon footprint without, say, buying a Prius.
So, is the U.S. ready for the smart? Definitely. In fact, 30,000 people have already plunked down $99 to get a spot in line to buy one. But do us a favor. Test drive one first. Then drive a 3-door Toyota Yaris. You might prefer a more conventional approach to economical urban transportation, even though it's not quite as fuel-efficient. Right now, we lean in that direction, but if smart equips the new fortwo with a bona fide manual transmission or a good automatic — which doesn't seem like that big of a deal for Mercedes — the scales could very easily tip the other way.
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Free Spirit News
Take a closer look at Free Spirit books. Download the table of contents, book excerpts, and free activities from select titles. Simply visit the Downloads for Educators page and click on the subject headers to view the available downloads. Plus, download the entire PDF version of You Know Your Child Is Gifted When . . . A Beginner's Guide to Life on the Bright Side by Free Spirit president Judy Galbraith!
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Goldie Millar and Lisa A. Berger
August's author spotlight is on two debut authors, Goldie Millar and Lisa A. Berger, whose book F Is for Feelings releases this month. Both Goldie and Lisa are child psychologists hailing from the Toronto area with a mission to help young children better understand the vast emotional range of human experience so that they can learn to express and work through their many feelings. Read on.
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....at the annual ALA conference in Nashville, of course! Some of Quoizel's top executives are at this year's American Lighting Association conference along with more than 500 lighting industry professionals. It's a great time to meet up with colleagues and sit in on business sessions and workshops. The interesting topics include Illuminating the Future of … [Read more...]
Who says you canR...Labor Day has passed…but you don't...
Rolling Out "B...This year's "Buy Local" campaign...
Summer of 2014 Top O...Quoizel's top outdoor fixtures for this...
Union Station Featur...Hot off the press…enLIGHTenment's...
Outdoor Living at it...Outdoor Living is a relatively new and rapidly...
Where is everyone?
Spotlight on Quoizel
At this year's June Dallas Market, Rick Seidman, President & CEO of Quoizel, sat down with Samantha Hart, Senior Editor from Better Homes and Gardens Magazine, in the Quoizel showroom to discuss top trends in today's lighting. As Rick states, a popular trend in today's lighting is using natural materials. He is quoted as saying "part of our mission … [Read more...]
Bright Ideas for a Productive Home Office
Kids are back at school so time to trade in that beach chair for a comfortable office chair. Also, time to spruce up your home office and make it a place you want to work in every day. Creating a lighting scheme that successfully produces an environment that is easy to work in should be top on the list. Bringing as much natural light as you can by setting … [Read more...]
Let's Never Forget…
Let's take this opportunity to remember those who lost their lives on 9/11, and say thank you to our servicemen and women who dedicate their lives to protecting our way of life here and around the world! … [Read more...]
Rick's Pre-game Ritual
It's football season, which means that many South Carolina Quoizelians turn into Tigers to support their Clemson Football team! Rick Seidman, Quoizel President & CEO, has a pre-game, early morning ritual of kayaking on Lake Keowee before heading over to the stadium. Don't let this calm, serene setting fool you. Very quickly things turn from this... to … [Read more...]


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Hot Shooting Night Lifts Western Over Evergreen Vikings shoot school-record 71.9 percent from the field
December 13, 2004
Bellingham, WA - Keyed by shooting a school-record 71.9 percent from the field, Western Washington University defeated The Evergreen State College, 98-71, in a women's college basketball game Monday at Sam Carver Gymnasium.
Evergreen, which had a three-game victory string snapped, fell to 4-5 overall. Forward Jenny Olson and guard Dalia Gomez each had 17 points for the Geoducks.
It was the seventh straight win for the Vikings, who improved to 7-1 overall and 5-0 at home. Center Courtney Clapp led Western with 19 points.
The Vikings made 41-of-57 shots from the field, with 36 of the field goals coming from the key, and were 21-of-25 (82.0 percent) in the second half. They were also 15-of-18 (83.3 percent) on free throws.
Western scored the first nine points of the game and never trailed, opening up a 33-13 lead with 7:26 left in the first half. But the Geoducks rallied, closing to within 11, 45-34, at halftime, and narrowing the margin to 10 three times in the second half, the last one being at 76-66 with 5:17 left.
Evergreen was 7-of-12 (58.3 percent) on 3-pointers, with Gomez hitting 5-of-7. Heather Hyde chipped in ten points and six assists, but the Geoducks had no answer for the Vikings inside players as Tina Donahue and reserve center Krystal Robinson each had 17 points for Western. Donahue grabbed a game-high seven rebounds and dished out six assists, and Robinson blocked three shots. Guard Samantha Hubbard had a career-high 10 assists for the Vikings, with seven of them setting up fast-break layins.
Evergreen will open conference play Friday night as they host Eastern Oregon at 5:30 p.m. with the Evergreen men taking on Eastern at 7:30.


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The call centre number is 01293 573700 and you will be offered two options. Press 1 for Medical or Press 2 for Flight Crew and Engineer Licensing. After choosing Medical you will be asked to choose from one of five options which will connect you to people who are trained to assist you in specific areas as detailed below:
Press 1 if you are an AME, then
(1) If you have any administrative queries
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Press 2 if you are a non-UK licence holder and wish to convert your licence
Press 3 if you wish to book a medical examination or specialist consultation or if you have attended for a medical at the UK CAA and are awaiting the issue of your certificate
Press 4 to check on whether a report has been received or to report a change of fitness, and for all general enquiries. From here you will be transferred to the administration team.
If the option you choose is busy then a voicemail service will be provided. Please speak clearly, leave your name, CAA reference number, contact number and a brief message. As soon as someone is available they will call you back. Please help us to provide a more efficient service by choosing the correct option.
May 2013


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Filtering Posts By: "hip-hop"
09.26.2011| By Richard Sandrok|
Black Star::HoB Chicago::09/23/11
I don't know where Talib Kweli and Mos Def get their time. It has been said that in the current state of the music industry you have to be a shark – that you must always swim or drown – and if that's the case these two are makos. Talib Kweli has garnered a reputation as the MC's MC. At 35 years of age he has already released four solo albums, five with collaborators, be it Mos Def, Hi-Tek, or much-respected underground hip-hop producer Madlib, and a slew of mixtapes, singles, and guest appearances. Mos …Share: Facebook Twitter Google Plus Email