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Artúr (Arturius) mac Áedán and Artúr mac Conaing (born c.560s-590s)
Artúr (Arturius) mac Áedán of Scottish Dalriada (Kintyre, Western Isles) is not well documented, although his father is. It should also be stressed that it isn't certain whether he was the son or grandson of Áedán, or both … two different Artúrs of course. This other Arthur would be Artúr mac Conaing, whom I'll deal with below.
Artúr's date of birth his hard to ascertain as it's hard to know when his father was born. Whilst the Annals of Tigernach date Áedán's birth to c.532, no where else confirms this. If this is the case, and Artúr was born c.570, he didn't conceive Artúr until his early 40s, hence why an earlier date is sometimes given.
Bart Jaski's paper:
"In the Vita Sancti Columbae [1], written by Adomnán of Iona († 704), we find the name Arturius [...] He figures as one of the four sons of Áedán mac Gabráin († 604), and St Columba foretells that three of them will not succeed their father in the kingship of Dál Riata in Scotland, as they would fall in battle. This came to pass, for Arturius and his brother Eochaid Find were slain in a battle against the Miathi, while Domangart was killed in a battle in England. The Annals of Ulster only record the slaying of Áedán's sons Domangart and Bran in 594, but the so-called Annals of Tigernach add that Eochaid Find and Artúr also fell in that battle, which is located at Circhend (i cath Chirchind). Circhend may have been in the territory of the Miathi, and be located around Stirling. If so, the addition to the Annals of Tigernach may have been wrongfully attached to the record of the slaying of Bran and Domangart, since Adomnán says that the latter was slain in England in a different battle than Eochaid Find and Artúr." (p. 92, 93)
[1] Thought to incorporate elements from a lost earlier life of Columba, De virtutibus sancti Columbae by Cumméne Find.
This Artúr has been championed by some as the 'original', especially Richard Barber (1972) following suggestions by Norma Chadwick, but also the lay historian David F. Caroll (Arturius – A Quest for Camelot, 1996) and this Arthur has his merits. Caroll partly argues on the bases of the later legends' similarities to some elements of Adomnán work and partly because he says that Áedán had a daughter call Morgana (Caroll, 1996, pp.68-69). However, Michelle Ziegler has proven otherwise in the case of the daughter question:
"The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee lists a Muirgein ("birth of the sea") on January 27, which D. F. Carroll has suggested provided inspiration for the linkage of Morgana (Morgan le Fay) and King Arthur as siblings. This assertion is based on Whitley Stokes's (1905:53) suggested identification of Muirgein as "Muirgein, daughter of Aedan, in Belach Gabrain." The suggestions for the location of Belach Gabráin are not Dalriadan at all. Belach Gabráin has been identified as a passage between Leinster and Ossory and therefore on the border between Leinster and Munster in Ireland. It is unlikely that Muirgein nic Aedan of Belach Gabráin was related to the family of Aedan mac Gabran of Scottish Dalriada." (1999 – Source: http://www.mun.ca/mst/heroicage/issues/1/haaad.htm).
The other bases of the argument is that Artúr, alongside his father, fought in the area where some place the Arthurian battles: between Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall. Áedán also took Orkney, something the legendary Arthur is said to have done by Geoffrey of Monmouth. If he was the 'original', and others took the name from him, then he may have had to have been an exceptional warrior (and born well before Arthur ap Pedr). If he was, then Adomnán didn't make anything of it, all his praises were for Áedán. Artúr did die in battle, like the Arthur of legend (although not at a battle called Camlann), and he was in the same region as the source of the (possible) first mention of Arthur in earliest stratum of the British collection of poems, Y Gododdin ('The Gododdin') about the doomed Battle of Catraeth; this section of the poem being dated between the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 7th centuries by John Koch, (The Gododdin of Aneirin, 1997) but not all scholars agree. Some believe it could be a later interpolation (Charles-Edwards et al) possibly not being attached until the 8th to 10th centuries and merely based on the H.B.. (I will deal with the Y Gododdin and the verse in question in more detail in a later blogs).
If it is the Dalriadan Arthur Y Gododdin refers to, and not an Arthur of Badon fame, (or a mythical Arthur as argued by Green) then the Dalriadans and British had to have been 'friends' at the time of compilation and not, as they later became, enemies. Without knowing the exact date of composition it is difficult to argue either way.
There is a verse in Y Gododdin used to add weight to his claim. Within it is the following:
Peredur of the steel weapons,
Gwawrddur and Aedden
Attackers in the flight with broken shields.
And though they were slain, they slew;
No one returned to his homeland.
(Jarman translation)
Here, the warrior who is compared to Arthur in Y Gododdin, Gwawrddur, is mentioned with an 'Aedden', who happens to have the same name as the father of Artúr mac Áedán. It is quite a coincidence, if that's what it is. The thing against using this as evidence as this Áedán being father of Artúr mac Áedán are the lines: "And though they were slain, they slew; No one returned to his homeland". Unless this is poetic license, then this can't be Áedán of Dalriada as we know he was not slain at the Battle of Catraeth.
Koch has this to say:
"The presence of the name [Aedden] in this list is consistent with the interpretation that the heroes named here (and the list in A.30) were assembled as a sort of 'grab bag' of northern tradition put together by a poet in Wales from the older strata of Y Gododdin itself and from other sources that were available by the later OW period." (Koch, 1997, p.206)
Koch also points out that it became a common enough name, even amongst the British. Never-the-less, it is interesting that later interpolators put Gwawrddur and this Aedden together. Another thing about this verse is the mention of Peredur. If this is Peredur, son of Eliffer (from 'somewhere' in the North, usually taken to be York), then he's dying at the wrong battle! Peredur (possibly the same Perudur to later be attached to the Arthurian romances) supposedly died c. 573. (In one genealogy Perudur is said to have had a brother called Arthur Penuchel, and I'll look at this later). Another point to be made is that this Aedden is not mentioned anywhere else in Y Gododdin. All those from outside of Gododdin are described as such: an unknown 'lord of Dumbarton', Llyfrddlew from the 'land of Pobdelw', Cynon of Aeron, 'Cynddylig of Aeron', 'Gorthyn of Rhufoniog' and 'Madawg of Elmet. No Aedden of Bentir. This could be because a verse is missing. It could also be because he simply wasn't involved. There is also the line in Y Gododdin that says:
" [...] ar gynt a Gwydyl a Phryden"
[...] against the heathen tribes of both Scot and Pict" (Koch, B1.6)
This is not saying they fought them at Catraeth, but that the warrior it describes had fought them. (Strange it should call the Scots (Hiberno-Britannians) 'heathen' as they are generally thought to have been Christian, but this could just be propaganda).
The matter gets even more confusing when we factor in the relationship between Áedán and Rhydderch of Alt Clut (Dumbarton Rock). Adomnán tells us that St Columba was a emissary between the two kingdoms. At times they cooperated and there was a peace but at some point, according to the Triads, Áedán laid waist to Alt Clut, gaining the epithet "The Wily" or "The Treacherous" ('Aeddan Fradawg'). (Clarkson, Men the North, 2010, pp.80-81). If the Y Gododdin verse in question was composed, not in Gododdin but in Strat Clut and during a time of peace, is it possible they would have compared Gwawrddur with Áedán's son? Unfortunately, the poem is not thought to have travelled to Alt Clut until after the fall of Gododdin c. 638.
Added to this, the genealogy, Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd ('The Descent of the Men of the North') shows Áedán's connection to the British king Dumnagual Hen of Alt Clut, via marrying one of his daughters … not that we can trust this text that also makes Dumnagual the grandson of the usurping emperor Magnus Maximus and seems a bit confused!
Áedán was not only meant married a British woman but to be half British himself, supposedly having a mother called called Lluan verch Brychan (Lluan daughter of Brychan). In the De Situ Brecheniauc (The Situation of Brecheniauc);
"Luan filia Brachan, mater Haidani bradouc
Luan daughter of Brychan, mother of Aeden the Treacherous"
In the Cognatio Brychan (The Family of Brecheniauc):
"Lluan, mater Aidan grutauc et uxir Gafran vradavc
Lluan, mother of Aiden 'the Grit-lke' and mother of Gafran 'the Treacherous'"
She is said to be one of the (many) daughters of Brychan of Brycheiniog in central Wales. However, this mentions another son, Gafran; a son not mentioned anywhere else. It looks like a Welsh version of Gabrain, Áedán's father's name, which is why many scholars think this more the case, or that the pedigree can't be trusted at all. This the later Plant Brychan made clearer:
"Lleian Brychan gwraic Gawron mam Aeddan Vradoc"
"Lluan ferch Brychan was the wife of Gawron [Gabrain] and mother of Aeddan Fradog"
You will also see it stated on the internet that Brychan was from Manau Gododdin (southwest Fife, Scotland). How can this be? It's because the De Situ Brecheniauc says his grave was at Ynysbrychan (Brychan Island) near Mannia, which has been taken to be Manau. It also says he had a daughter called: 'Befchan daughter of Brachan in Mannia'. Lundy Island has also been put forward as Ynys Brychan. Whether this is Manau or another Mannia we may never know but Bartram in his Welsh Classical Dictionary puts forward two Brycheiniogs (or Brychans), one in Wales, the other in Manau Gododdin.
But, another Irish legend tells us Áedán was the son of Federlm Derg, the daughter of one Feidlimid mac Amalgaid a king of Moy (Co. Tyrone). (A Middle-Irish Poem on the Birth of Āedān Mac Gabrāin and Brandub Mac Echach, M. A. O'Brien Ériu Vol. 16, Contributions in Memory of Osborn Bergin (1952), pp. 157). Yet this too is thought suspect.
Once again, the Scottish sources don't relate any of the British connection, only the Welsh ones. They either made it up or there was another Brychan. If it isn't the case that there was a British connection either via Lluan or Dumnagual, then it may take the Hiberno-British element out of the argument and make the question of why he chose the name Artúr an even bigger one. Could he have used it in spite of the British? Possibly. However, it then would be a case of giving your son the name of a famous enemy hero, and that would be unusual.
Tall Tales
Áedán also appears in a tale called Gein Branduib maic Echach ocus Aedáin maic Gabráin ('The Birth of Brandub son of Eochu and of Áedán son of Gabrán' – c. 1130) and a lost Irish tale called Echtra Áedáin mac Gabráin ('The Adventures of Áedán son of Gabrán' – MacQuarrie, 'Echtra Áedáin mac Gabráin' listed in "Scéla: Catalogue of medieval Irish narratives & literary enumerations". 2006, p. 109.). He was also made a character in the epic story Scéla Cano meic Gartnáin ('The Story of Cano mac Gartnáin' – Anderson, 'Early Sources of Scottish History A.D 500–1286', volume 1, pp.154-155) as well as in the Compert Mongáin ('The conception and birth of Mongán' – Wiley, "The Cycles of the Kings: Compert Mongáin", 2004).
The story of Compert Mongáin is related both to Áedán and another Arthur we will look at later, Arthur son of Bicoir. The semi-mythical Mongán in question was said to be conceived by the sea-god Manannán mac Lir whilst Fiachnae (Mongán's father) was campaigning with Áedán mac Gabráin. (Various version give various reasons why Manannán spent the night with Cáintigern, Fiachnae's wife – one of three mentioned).
There's a version of the story in the earlier Immram Brain ('The Voyage of Bran') that tells how Manannán prophecies Mongán's birth and likeness to the god Bran. Bran was also a name of one of Artúr mac Áedán's brothers. (More on this later).
In yet another tale the story ends telling us that Mongán was the reincarnation of Finn mac Cumaill (Finn McCool) (Scél asa mberar co mbad hé Find mac Cumaill Mongán ocus aní día fil aided Fothaid Airgdig; MacKillop, pp. 333–334)
(However, this could be because Mongán's father was also known as Fiachna Finn). What the above demonstrates is how known historical figure were attached to mythical figures and happenings.
There is no doubt this Artúr's father was considered a great man, even by his enemies. As I mention earlier, the Welsh (or the North) included him in their Triads … although they did give him the epithet of "The Wily" or "The Treacherous". He took great swathes of Pictish, British and even English territory. So, it can be argued that if the British included Áedán in their Triads though he was the enemy, why not his son, Artúr?
Below are the pertinent dates for Áedán's battles from the Annals of Ulster. Those from the Annals of Tigernach are in brackets.
582 Áedán mac Gabrán won the Battle of Manann.
583 Áedán mac Gabrán won the Battle of Manand.
590 Áedán mac Gabrán won the Battle of Leithreid.
595 The Battle of Ráith in Druad and the Battle of Ard Sechain. The slaughter of the sons of Áedán, that is, Brán and Domangart [and Eochaid Find and Artur, in the battle of Circhenn, in which Áedán is defeated, and] the battle of Corann.
600 Áedán fought the Battle of the Saxons[, where there fell Eanfrith brother of Æthelfrith King of the Saxons], in which Áedán was defeated.
606 Áedán mac Gabráin died [in the 38th year of his reign in the 74th year of his life].
(Quoted from a paper done for a Masters degree by the now historian Jonathan Jarret. The paper can be found at http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~jjarrett/files/pubdraf2.pdf)
There are questions here: where were the battles of Manann/Manand? The Isle of Man or Manau Gododdin? It could be either, or both, in different years. I'd like to quote again from this Jonathan's paper:
"In 577 the Ulaid attacked Manau, and this at least must have been the island (AU s.a. 576). However, for 578, the Annals of Ulster record, "The retreat of the Ulaid from Man" (s.a. 577, trans. Mac Niociall). No hint of a battle is given, but in a record so bald as that of the Chronicles argument e silentio is risky. It is best to say that we simply cannot tell what occurred. Then, in 581 and 582, it is recorded that Áedán won this "Battle of Manau" (AU s.aa. 580, 581; cf. AI s.a. 583). It is noticeable that AT uses different languages for the Ulaid's attacks on Man, and Áedán's fight or fights at Manau. The former are recorded in Latin and the latter in Irish, suggesting the use of two different sources (cf. Dumville 1982, 1984a p. 119). "It was by him that Manu was cleared; and in the second year after his death the Irish abandoned Manu" (LL 330ab 45, trans. O'Rahilly 1946 p. 504; see also Dobbs 1921 pp. 324, 328)."
Adomnán also mentions them fighting the Miathi (thought to be Sterling=possible Gododdin territory), and this is where Brán and Artúr are killed. So they could either still be seen as the enemy, or they could be seen as their overlords if the Gododdin were defeated.
On the Battle of Miathi, Michelle Ziegler has this to say:
"While Aedan's motives and objectives can never be fully understood, we can grasp several facets of the situation in which Artúr mac Aedan died. The battle of Miathi was fought near the River Forth in Manau. Adomnan (1.8; Anderson and Anderson 1991:119) indicated that the battle was very costly—"from Aedan's army, three hundred and three were killed as the saint had also prophesied"—but Aedan was victorious. Adomnan refers to the Miathi as barbarians, perhaps indicating that they were not associated with either the ruling branches of the Picts or the British (Sharpe 1995:269). This might well have been the case if they were caught in a tug–of–war between the Picts, the British, and, in this case, the Dalriada Scots. Considering Aedan and Cenél nGabráin's ties with the Picts, it seems clear that Aedan and therefore his son Artúr were not fighting as allies of the British." (Artúr mac Aedan of Dalriada, The Heroic Age, Issue 1, Spring/Summer 1999)
If Michelle's right, then it is a little odd that the Gododdin should praise this Arthur who may have died fighting against them … unless this praising was done prior to the later battle. Would such a verse be removed once the Dalriadans became the enemy? We'll never know. However, it seems to me that if there was anyone who was going to be praised it would be Áedán. He is the one that ranged from Eastern Ulster, to Stirlingshire, Angus and the Orkneys. If anyone is to be emulated it is him … and the British did start using the name. However, the British may have gone for Arthur because he was, well, more British? Or simply because his name rhymed with Gwawrddur.
Jarman dates the Battle of Catraeth of Y Gododdin to c. 600, whereas Koch puts it earlier to c. 570 (actually 565×585). However, we don't know for certain when the earliest parts of the work were composed. The earlier date of the battle, of course, could make a huge problem for the Arthur mentioned in Y Gododdin being Artúr mac Áedán, who must have been extremely young then, or perhaps not even born. But, again, this has to be tempered with the problem of a composition date. Neirin/Aneirin may have 'sung' some of it to the court of Din Eidin soon after the battle, but some would have been done in his name by another bard or bards, after his death, probably in Strat Clut (Strathclyde), as argued by Koch and Jarman.
This Artúr as Arthur question isn't a problem for those who have deduced that the verse that mentions Arthur is a later interpolation (Charles-Edwards et al), possibly of the 8th to 10th centuries, and the Arthur it mentions is the one from the Historia Britonnum. Koch's reasoning on that subject is thus:
"I see no stylistic, linguistic, or thematic reason to exclude B2.38 [the verse that includes Arthur] from the Ur-Text. From the point of view of style, the use of enjambment in the second half of the awdl (in which the name Arthur occurs) is consistent with the usage and other Arch. segments. Similarly, the occurrence of the hero's name in syntactic isolation in the last line is not unusual for the Ur-Text." (Y Gododdin, 1997, pp 147-148)
Isaac thinks the poem may not have been composed until the 10th century. If he's right, however, this would have massive implications.
If this Arthur was Artúr mac Áedán that does not prove that there wasn't another, earlier Arthur of Badon fame. It weakens the argument but still does not account for or explain the name being given to a prince of what is now southwest Wales at almost the same time. All that can be said is what is usually said about Arthurian material: no one can be certain about anything.
Artúr mac Conaing (born c. 580-600)
Once again Jaski's paper:
"Neither Artúr nor Domangart appears among the seven sons of Áedán recorded in the genealogical tract Senchus fer nAlban 'History of the men of Scotland', but both names occur among the sons of Conaing († 622) son of Áedán. The original version of this tract has been dated to the middle of the seventh century. It is possible that Artúr and Domangart were omitted from the sons of Áedán by mistake, so that there was an Artúr son of Áedán and an Artúr son of Conaing, or that they were wrongfully placed among the sons of Conaing. Adomnán may also have erred in naming both as sons of Áedán, and the story that they were considered for the succession in the kingship a mistake or even a fabrication. If they were indeed sons of Conaing, they would of course not have been entitled to the succession whilst their father and older kinsmen were still alive." (p. 93)
However, if Artúr was the son of Coaning and not Áedán he could hardly have died at a battle in 595. If Artúr wasn't a son but a grandson of Áedán (or there were two of this name), what does this mean for the mention in Y Gododdin, if Koch's dating is correct? Well, it could help or it could make things worse.
Domnall Brecc was another leader of Dalriada (and Áedán's grandson) who died in the battle of Strathcarron (c. 642) and he would have been contemporary with an Artúr mac Conaing. There is a verse about Domnall in a later poem attached to Y Gododdin, which tells us he came down from Bentir (Pentir/Kintyre) to be killed in a battle against Eugein (Owein) I of Strat Clut (Strathclyde). This is after the kingdom of Gododdin is thought to have fallen to the Northumbrians at the battle of Din Eidin (Edinburgh) c. 638 and, argued by Koch and Jarman, to have been composed by a Stat Clut bard soon after. This is one of the reasons why Koch argues for Y Gododdin traveling to this area first before arriving in Wales. The difference is when it travelled to Wales: the 7th, 8th, 9th or 10th centuries.
Others think the Strat Clut section a 9th century Welsh interpolation, like the Arthurian one, simply because it doesn't relate to Gododdin. Regardless of this, what it does show is that the Dalriadans where the enemy at this point. So, could this (or these) Artúrs be the 'original'? I'll give my thoughts on that and all the others in the final blog.
(There is a slight irony to Scotland championing a Gaelic (or half-Gaelic) Arthur. This is the culture, said to originate from Ireland, that defeated and dominated the Pictish and British peoples and cultures of what is now Scotland. It's a little like the Welsh championing an Anglo-Saxon Arthur!).
In the next blog we'll look at Arthur map Pedr of Demetia (Dyfed, Wales), born ca 570.
Thanks for reading,


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The facts presented in the documentary "A Place at the Table" (which debuted at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival under the title "Finding North") are harsh: One in six Americans don't get enough to eat on a regular basis, and what they can afford is usually junk — largely because U.S. farm policy is weighted away from fruits and vegetables and toward grains that are converted into processed food.
The movie explores the link between hunger and obesity (because people can't afford to buy healthy food, or because their neighborhoods only have convenience stores) and the limits of government aid and charitable donations.
Filmmakers Kristi Jacobson and Lori Silverbush present these facts in a highly polished package, weaving real-life stories of people struggling to find sufficient food with interviews of policy experts and celebrities who have made hunger their cause, including Jeff Bridges and "Top Chef" judge Tom Colicchio. The urgent message is conveyed with lucid animation, beautiful cinematography and haunting songs by T Bone Burnett and The Civil Wars.
firstname.lastname@example.com; www.sltrib.com/entertainment
'A Place at the Table'
Opens today at the Broadway Centre Cinemas; rated PG for thematic elements and brief mild language; 94 minutes.

subset: commoncrawl


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Come on folks! We are too good to stand for this. Tumblarians are legion.
Vote for our Conversation Starter and come talk with Tumblr superstar Rachel Fershleiser, Darien Library's Erin "Laser Fingers" Shea, Lifeguard Librarian Kate Tkacik, and your humble Library Journal tumblrer at ALA Annual in Chicago!
Anyone can register to vote through ALA Connect, so take a sec to sign in and vote us up!
This has been on hiatus for such a long time, and I apologize. When I first started this with my friend, we posted mainly about literary related and occasionally library-related things. Now I normally blog over at moresnowbots (and he blogs at ivelostmyalias), but I am thinking about reviving this blog to post about my librarianing adventures. Stay tuned.
I struggled to find a better picture of Chris Claremont's recent donation of his notes and personal archives of his work on X-Men. But this tiny offering from the Wall Street Journal is all that I could find, and there was nothing on Columbia's Rare Book and Manuscript Library site. The article is worth a read:
Mr. Claremont's 2011 donation is a game-changing addition to the university's collection of graphic novels and related materials, which grew out of a pet project of librarian Karen Green.
"I think that our buying of comics and science fiction shows that we understand the value of things we used to see as perishable or less scholarly," said Ms Green. It's "not something we went after systematically before." But now they are, she added.
The "X-Men" collection represents a core "around which we hope to build a collection of rich, comic-related material," said Erik Wakin, Curator of Manuscripts at Columbia University during a symposium in March.
This collection has since grown to include more rare comics and manuscripts as well as a rare Science Fiction magazines.
I've shown you mine, now, as kellymce suggests, show me yours. Let's make GPOML-Thursday (Gratuitous Photo of My Library) a thing.
Tumblarians - post photos of the library where you work! If don't work in a library, just post a photo of your favorite library - the one that's a part of your life! Non-librarians aren't merely welcomed to contribute - they are heartily encouraged.
We've all seen the beautiful photos of the Trinity University Library, the Library of Congress, and the various other high cathedrals of literature tumbl around a thousand times. Let's see the libraries in our communities, our local colleges, or down the street, the libraries where people head every day to get work done, find the latest books, or learn about the newest technology.
Make sure you tag your posts GPOML!
Did you know it's National Hispanic Heritage Month? Check out this great list of Latino and Latina YA and children's writers!
(Source: lauriehalseanderson)
Because of [technology], reading culture is booming, which is tremendously exciting. It's up to everyone who loves books and wants to work with them to find ways to advocate either for authors or readers — or both. If you can do this, you'll survive, you'll thrive, and you'll be part of the future. —
Literary Agent Jason Ashlock: Big Book Publishers Not Innovating Fast Enough from PBS: Media Shift (via lexiewinslow)
I think this is my number one argument of why e-readers are awesome.
(via teachingliteracy)
These are just approximations based on an informal study.
The Library Journal tumblr personally prefers the #libraries tag because there are fewer incidences of students posting from inside libraries and also…less porn than the singular #library.
Tags I track:
- libraries
- librarians
Tags I do not track (for NSFW reasons):
- library
- librarian
Think plural, because apparently the pornographers do not.
Always #libraries
the same goes for the #archives tag. Plurals are better.
Did you know it's National Hispanic Heritage Month? Check out this great list of Latino and Latina YA and children's writers!
(Source: lauriehalseanderson, via schoollibraryjournal)


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Myla Goldberg
Adult Fiction GOLDBER
Summary: From the bestselling author of Bee Season comes an astonishingly complex psychological drama with a simple setup: twonbsp; eleven-year-old girls, best friends and fierce rivals, go into the woods. Only one comes out . . . Leaders of a mercurial clique of girls, Celia and Djuna reigned mercilessly over their three followers. One afterÂnoon, they decided to walk home along a forbidden road. Djuna disappeared, and for twenty years Celia blocked out how it happened. The lie Celia told to conceal her misdeed became the accepted truth: everyone assumed Djuna had been abducted, though neither she nor her abductor was ever found. Celia's unconscious avoidance of this has meant that while she and her longtime boyfriend, Huck, are professionally successful, they've been unable to move forward, their relationship falling into a rut that threatens to bury them both. Celia returns to her hometown to confess the truth, but her family and childhood friends don't believe her. Huck wants to be supportive, but his love can't blind him to all that contraÂdicts Celia's version of the past. Celia's desperate search to understand what happened to Djuna has powerful consequences. A deeply resonant and emotionally charged story, The False Friend explores the adults that children become--leading us to question the truths that we accept or reject, as well as the lies to which we succumb.
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Lies to cover secret for twenty years; can't remember the truth about Djuna.
Goes missing;.


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The 31-year-old defender has agreed to join the Premier League champions on a three-year contract after his deal with Arsenal ran out at the end of last season.
The Gunners were ready to hand him a contract extension and were prepared to pay him £70,000 per week, but the France international rejected that offer and decided to move to City instead.
Sagna will reportedly be on a weekly salary of £120,000 at the Citizens, but the former Auxerre right-back insists that his decision to switch clubs was purely down to footballing reasons.
"I'm going to clear everything up because I keep reading that I did it for money and I'm greedy," the London Evening Standard quotes him as saying.
"What I want to say is I stayed with Arsenal with the same contract since 2008 and I never asked for more money.
"For people who think it's for money, it's not. I just wanted to change. I needed a boost in my career and I think it was about time."
My fellow Arsenal supporters are really starting to annoy me with this constant talk of money, we are one of the riches clubs in the world do you think players come to us for luncheon vouchers and an oyster card?? No one would ever move jobs without negotiating a payrise so why wouldn't he? Sometimes people just need a change- nick_the_gooner


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This sparkling rose gold and rhodium-plated design will delight nature lovers! Embellished with clear crystal, this butterfly necklace adds a playful and classic touch to your outfit.
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The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) at the Bronx Zoo isn't monkeying around about adding staff to its special events department and gearing up for spring and summer, its busiest seasons. That's why it participated in the Winter semester part-time job fair organized by the Office of Career Advancement at Monroe College, January 30th. Jacqui Dauphinais, events coordinator for WCS, said her department is especially interested in hiring Hospitality Management majors who can assist with the many special events that the facility produces year-round, including weddings, at its facilities in the Bronx, Central Park, Prospect Park, Queens Zoo and New York Aquarium.
The Conservancy was one of 21 employers who participated in the event, held at the Radisson Hotel in New Rochelle, which drew about 200 students from both campuses. And if a student was more a people person than an animal lover, there were also plenty of other organizations seeking able, articulate and ready-for-work part-time employees looking to either get a jumpstart on their careers, internships, or just to put some extra cash in their pockets. A big crowd pleaser was the Ann Taylor recruitment table. Staffed by a group of chic women, it was a magnet for equally well-appointed young women, in particular, who are looking for employment in retail. Men are also welcome to apply for sales and stockroom positions with this clothier of high-end fashion which is seeking employees for positions at stores throughout Westchester and Rockland County.
Particularly enticing summer job opportunities are being offered by Camp Winadu, a seven-week sports sleep-away camp for boys nestled in the Berkshire Mountains of Massachusetts. It especially seeks student athletes who can help coach its young campers in a wide-range of sports. And while this particular camp is only seeking male counselors, females are also invited to submit their resumes which will be passed along to its neighboring sister camp. A current Monroe employee could not have been more enthusiastic about having a representative from the camp which he felt contributed to the career success of his son, a Winadu camper in his youth and now an investment banker with one of the most storied Wall Street brokerage firms.
Perhaps one of the more unusual and intriguing exhibitors, seeking an intern to help it upgrade its PowerPoint and other sales and marketing materials, was Balancing Life's Issues. This Ossining-based organization is a provider of customized work/life training programs which places experts in speaking engagements around the country, sharing their knowledge on a wide-range of topics. It has a roster of more than 700 experts who know more than a thing or two about any given field and who are able to address audiences on every topic imaginable.
More traditional part-time jobs included opportunities with the Department of Veterans Affairs, the NYC Police Athletic League, Chase Bank, Hilton Rye, Northwestern Mutual Financial Network, and Censtar Energy Corporation, a reseller of gas, electric and oil to residential and commercial customers. For students interested in positions with any of the 21 organizations that participated in the fair, or assistance in resume-writing, job interviewing skills and employment research, contact a counselor at the Office of Career Advancement at either the Bronx (West Hall, 4th floor, 2467 Jerome Ave.) or New Rochelle (Main Hall, 434 Main St.) campus.
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These easy homemade Halloween costumes for women are quick and simple. They're perfect for October 31, costume parties, school events, and even trick or treating!
Here's the first easy costume idea: make a bubble bath Halloween costume by wearing white clothes with balloons attached all over your body. Get a baseball hat or toque (if you're Canadian), and attach more small balloons.
Complete your Halloween costume with whatever you normally use when you have a bath: soap on a rope, rubber ducks, candles, or loofah for your feet.
When making your costume, remember one of my favourite quips: "Clothes make a statement. Costumes tell a story." ~ Mason Cooley.
What story will you tell this Halloween?
And here are several creative ideas for women's Halloween costumes…
Easy Homemade Halloween Costumes for Women
"Bag" Lady: Before the politically correct days, we used to call women living on the street "bag ladies." This is a play on that: grab all the paper and plastic bags in your house, and tape them together to make a dress or outfit. This easy homemade Halloween costume for women can make an environmental statement, too – it's not just about being a bag lady from the days of yore.
24 Carrots of Gold: Wear a gold or orange pantsuit or dress, and tie real carrots all over your body. This is a play on 24 Karat gold.
Alice in Wonderland: One of the easiest Halloween costumes for women, this just requires a light blue dress that has big puffy sleeves. Add white socks and black Baby Janes, and you're Alice!
Dolls R Us: Get painters' coveralls, and pin big and little baby dolls all over your body. Wear a sign that says "Dolls R Us" or "All Dolled Up." This is sort of a play on the Toys R Us store.
Baby Girl: This is my least favourite Halloween costume for women, but it was submitted by a reader so I feel obliged to include it. It's easy to make at home, that's for sure. Wear a nightgown and slippers, put dabs of red rouge on your cheeks, pull your hair back with a purple ribbon, and stick a pacifier in your mouth. You're a baby, girl!
Want to be a beef taco for Halloween? Read Food Costumes You Can Make at Home.
Poem: Have you ever seen those little fridge magnets, all with a different word on them? It's called magnetic poetry, I think, and you can get different themes. To be a poem for Halloween – which I think is an easy homemade costume for women – simply glue those little fridge magnets all over a white body suit. You can make sentences, or paste the words randomly.
Birthday Girl: This is a super easy Halloween costume – buy a birthday kit from the dollar store (the one that includes paper napkins, tablecloth, birthday hats, plates, etc). Glue all those cheap birthday items to a form-fitting track or body suit. Don't forget to wear a birthday hat! In some Halloween circles, this costume is also known as Birthday Suit.
Biker Babe: This is two easy costumes in one: a baby costume and a biker costume. Dress in traditional baby gear (eg, diaper, baby bottle, baby bonnet, baby rattle) and traditional biker chick garb (eg, leather jacket, red bandana, biker boots). You're a biker, babe!
If these homemade Halloween costumes didn't catch your eye, go to the
For more homemade Halloween costumes for women, read Book Character Halloween Costumes – it's my second most popular article about Halloween.
65 Responses to "Easy Homemade Halloween Costumes for Women"
A very good list of easy Halloween costumes for women. Now if you have a picture or if someone can send you the picture of what they have done along this article it would be a better list. Usually people like to see how Halloween costumes look before start to create it.
I'd love to know how to make a cheap easy but flirty pirate costume;D any ideas ?!


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During the holiday season many parents are attempting to buy gifts from private vendors. Police say whether it's a car or concert tickets need to beware of scam artists.
Robert Grusczynski is going to prison for eight years because he's spent a lifetime scamming people.
Most recently he was selling fake Justin Bieber concert tickets. Montgomery County Assistant District Attorney Rob Fryer says there are a number of things you can do to protect yourself:
Speaking on The Mid-Morning Report with NEWS 92 FM's Dennis Spellman, Fryer said Gruscynski was caught because one of the victims took a picture of him.
He says you can also take the person's driver's licence number or get a photocopy of the person's driver's licence.
If they don't want to provide this information, then don't buy the product.
Related Story: Man Sentences to 8 Years for Forgery Charges
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The Global FlyFisher - The Largest and Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tying
First published before January 1st 2001 - More than 14 years ago
This section currently has 283 articles
New and old fly fishing and tying products reviewedOpinions about fly gear and fly fishing tackle
A simple concept. Fish paintings of single trout flat on on their side on a white background. How can such books be Global Class? Simple answer: James Prosek.
A classic book on soft hackle flies first published in 1885 and now photographically reprinted in high quality with a great foreword on its history.
An impressing array of streamers from Darren MacEachern's one-streamer-a-day project Streamers 365. Beautiful images of each day's streamer with pattern description and materials collected in three books.
This book is good and useful for its intended purpose and just may be the ticket you need to retool your bad fly fishing habits. This book is for the serious-minded nymphing-oriented angler wishing to dissect, analyze and improve his or her technique.
Henry Ramsay has given us a peak inside his fly box and shared with us his rationale for how and why he has developed his fly patterns. To a fly tyer, that is pure gold. It is chock full of good ideas, sound angling theory, and easily digestible fly tying concepts. There are flies in here that I will try.
·1000 best sites
·500 tying tips
·A Backyard in Nowhere
·A Backyard in Nowhere Q&A
·A Fly Fishing Guide to Rocky Mountain National Park
·A hundred places...
·A New Generation
·A Passion Called Salmon
·A Passion for Pike
·A Passion for Steelhead
·A Passion for Tarpon
·A Perfect Book
·A smart spooler
·A South African fly tying journey
·A World of Pike Flies
·A.K.'s Fly Box
·Absolute hilarity
·Advanced Fly Tying
·Advanced Kreh
·Adventurous rod
·An Entirely Synthetic Fish
·AquaFly flybox
·Aquatic trout foods
·Atlantic Salmon Flies of Nova Scotia
·Atlantic Salmon Handbook
·Atlantic Salmon Magic
·Bass: The Movie
·Bates' Art
·Beginner's luck
·Behind Private Doors
·Beyond beauty
·Big Fish!
·Biological Time
·Bonefish Fly Patterns
·Bonefishing the Flats
·Breaking the LAW
·C&F tube body tool
·Cast Alaska
·Casting At Shadows
·Casting That Fly
·Casting trio
·Casts that Catch Fish
·Catch that fish!
·Catch the moment
·Charlie Craven's Basic Fly Tying
·Cheap & fun little book
·Choice pike fishing tool
·Christmas gifts
·Classic Michigan Flies
·Classic Salmon Fly Patterns
·Clousers Flies
·Conranch Hackles
·Contemporary Saltwater Flies
·Creative Fly Tying
·Czech Nymph DVD
·Destination Trout - NZ
·Distant Waters
·Drag-Free Drift
·Dyeing and Bleaching
·Essential Patterns
·Essential Saltwater Flies
·Euro flyfishing
·Fabulous British videos
·Faults & Fixes
·Feather Brain
·Feeding Time
·Fernández Fly-Fishing for Bonefish
·Fireplace bonefishing
·Fish Eye 4
·Fishing calendar
·Fishing Karma
·Fishing Season
·Fishys Favorites
·Fisker tube tool
·Flies from the Flyleaves of my Diaries
·Flies with CDC
·Float Tube Magic - A Fly Fishing Escape
·Fly Fishing and Fly Tying II
·Fly Fishing for Bonefish
·Fly Fishing for Striped Bass
·Fly Fishing Mexico
·Fly Fishing the World
·Fly Rodding the Coast
·Fly-Fishing for Smallmouth
·Fly-fishing the 41st
·Flytyers Masterclass
·Four stream rods
·Gentlemen's Society
·Glimpses of Maine's Angling Past
·Goats and lakes
·Goddard's reflections
·Great rod gizmo!
·Great Waters
·Green Tide
·Hairwings & Tubes
·Hatch Q&A
·Heads or Tails
·Heart of the Driftless
·How to dress salmon flies
·I've Never Met an Idiot...
·Imitative Fly Tying
·Innovative Saltwater Flies
·Internet Flies
·Itu's Bones
·Itu's Bones Q&A
·John Randolph
·Kiwi Camo
·Kreh on casting
·LaFontaines Legacy
·Laksefluer (Salmon Flies)
·Lamar Reel Seats
·Lamiglas Appalachian
·Lamiglas Perigee
·Lamiglass Ti2000
·Lee Wulff
·Lefty on Bass
·Limestone Streams
·Long Flies
·Make 'Em Swim
·Matching Major Eastern Hatches
·Mayflies and More
·Mayfly Madness
·Meerforelle an der Küste
·Mel Kriegers Patagonia
·Millenium flies
·Modern Atlantic Salmon Flies
·Modern fly fishing
·Monic Light Green
·More Small Flies
·Mr. Hardy
·Mullet fever
·Muskie on the Fly
·Muskie on the Fly
·Musky Country
·Mustad hooks
·My book obsession
·Near & Far
·Nervous Water DVD
·New Hooks
·New Stuff
·New Zealand Trophies
·North Country Flies
·Once in a Blue Moon
·Only the River Knows
·Orvis Fly Tying Guide
·Pacific Inshore
·Pesca a mosca
·Plu Stiniog
·Pop Fleyes
·Practical Fly Patterns
·Production Fly Tying
·Rainshadow Xcel
·Raymond Classics
·Red Gold
·Review ratings
·Rise + Drift
·Rising Star
·Rising Tide
·River Academy
·River Wolf
·Rivers of a Lost Coast
·Rod Magnets
·Running down the man
·Salmon fishing in the Yemen
·Salmon Fly Directory
·Salmon, Trout & Charr
·Sea Trout Secrets 1-4
·Sea Trout Secrets 5+6
·Secret Flies
·Sirrus Co-Matrix
·South Africa
·Spanish fly
·Spey & Dee
·Spey Fly book
·St. Croix Legend Ultra
·Stalcup's Mayflies
·Stepping into the Stream
·Stillwater Fishing
·Streamer Flies for Trophy Trout
·Streamers 365
·Striper anthology
·Striper Moon
·Sullys Rod Drying Motor
·Supreme finish
·Surf zone fishing
·Swedish Lapland
·Taking Trout
·Tapâm Q&A
·Ten Flies Simple Ties
·The art of the trout fly
·The Blitz
·The Cautery
·The Curtis Creek Manifesto
·The Dream Stream
·The Essence of Flycasting
·The Fish & The Fly 1-3
·The Fish & The Fly Q&A
·The Flies that Catch Fish
·The Fly Fisher's Playbook
·The Fly-Fishers Craft
·The Founding Flies
·The Graphite Fly Rod
·The Hatch
·The Orvis Guide to Small Stream Fly Fishing
·The Practical Fly Tier
·The Riffling Hitch
·The Rise
·The Rising Salar
·The Search
·The Source - Iceland
·The Source - New Zealand
·The Source - Tasmania
·The South African Fly Fishing Handbook
·The Technology of Fly Rods, by Don Phillips
·The Trout Diaries
·The Trout Whisperers
·The Tube Fly
·The Underwater World of Trout
·The World's Best Trout Flies
·Thousand Cast Journey
·Three in Norway
·Thunder Creek Flies
·Tied in the Hand
·TMC Wingburner
·Tough rod!
·Trout (of the World)
·Trout and Fly
·Trout Bum DVD
·Trout Flies for the 21st Century
·Trout Grass
·Tube Flies
·Tube Flies Two
·Turbo Block
·Turning Tail
·Tying and Fishing the Booby Fly
·Tying Emergers
·Tying Flies the Paraloop Way
·Tying Foam Flies
·Tying Furled Flies
·Tying Tenkara Flies
·Ultimate Fishing Adventures
·Uncharted Waters
·Uncharted Waters Q&A
·Unsinkable flies
·Vision and Refraction
·Warm Water
·Waterworks ULA reel
·Weird Ways
·Western Rivers
·Wet Flies
·What I (don't) want
·Why I Fly Fish
·Woolly Wisdom
·Yellowstone Ties


text:
Music and people first
The Philharmonie has been the musical heart of Berlin for 50 years. Still at the periphery of West Berlin when it opened in 1963, it became part of the new urban centre after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Its unusual tent-like shape and distinctive bright yellow colour makes it one of the city's landmarks. Its unusual architecture and innovative concert hall design initially ignited controversy, but it now serves as a model for concert halls all over the world. "One person opposite another, arranged in circles in sweeping, suspended arcs around soaring crystal pyramids." In 1920 the architect Hans Scharoun wrote these words as a vision for the ideal theatre space. Thirty-five years later, he developed the main concert hall of the Philharmonie from this idea, with the concert platform and the musicians forming the central focal point.
But "50 years of the Philharmonie" also mean 50 years of exciting musical moments. Since the opening concert under the direction of Herbert von Karajan, the Berliner Philharmoniker have presented many magnificent concerts to its audiences together with great conductors and soloists. The orchestra and its chief conductor Sir Simon Rattle are celebrating this anniversary with three very different concert events that impressively demonstrate the specific acoustic possibilities of the Philharmonie: the St Matthew Passion by Johann Sebastian Bach with its double choir in the production by Peter Sellars (17, 18 and 19 October 2013), the gala concert on 20 October with the theme of "spatial sounds", and Arnold Schoenberg's Gurrelieder (October 26 and 27).
Our special page "50 years of the Philharmonie" invites you to delve into the history, architecture and acoustics of this fascinating building: there are contributions from our various anniversary publications and a video with cellist Rudolf Weinheimer, who talks about his memories of opening of the Philharmonie.
"Space – Music – People"
Gerwin Zohlen about Hans Scharoun's PhilharmonieRead article
"Sounding space"
Rainer Esche about acoustics and soundRead article
"A matter of the heart for the whole of Germany"
Gottfried Eberle about the citizens' movement initiated the reconstruction of the Berlin PhilharmonieRead article


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Find commute times to your work, school, gym and more.
Plaza at Overland Park
13900 Newton Street, Overland Park KS 66223 $1000 - $1250 2-3 Bed Pets OK
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Escape ordinary and enter luxury with Plaza at Overland Park! Featuring attached garages and basements, our townhomes are full of amenities catering to community, convenience, and comfort. Recently remodeled to showcase new appliances and designer accents, Plaza at Overland Park could be your new, beautiful home. Our friendly staff welcomes walk-ins and appointments, so call or drop-in today!
Escape ordinary and enter luxury with Plaza at Overland Park! Featuring attached garages and basements, our townhomes are full of amenities catering to community, convenience, and comfort. Recently remodeled to showcase new appliances and designer accents, Plaza at Overland Park could be your new, beautiful home. Spacious two and three bedroom floor plans - 1,208 to 1,612 square feet - are available in both two and three-story designs. Our friendly staff welcomes walk-ins and appointments, so call or drop-in today! Don?t forget to ask about our preferred employer discount, short term leases, and move-in special(s)!
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The staff is very helpful. I've lived here for 3 years and have only had to contact the management a few times Read More but they are always prompt in dealing with the issues. I would recommend Plaza at Overland Park to anyone. I love living here.
November 26, 2013
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The overall experience while I was living at plaza was wonderful. Staff was very friendly and helpful, mainten Read Moreance was timely; Community was decently clean.
Overall very pleasant environment and can easily recommend or live again there.
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Bradley C.
The overall experience was good - friendly staff, decent amenities, neighborhood was maintained and I had no n Read Moreegative experiences. Residents around me seemed nice and most were quiet and kept to themselves.
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I think everyone on staff is very friendly.
January 14, 2014
Plaza at Overland Park Resident
The townhome we moved into had a few issues that needed to be fixed. The townhome had a lot of wear and tear b Read Moreefore even moving in. The parking is terrible, very crowded streets. The value for what you get is good though.
January 24, 2014
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13900 Newton Street, Overland Park KS 66223


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(based on 4 reviews)
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(17 of 43 customers found this review helpful)
It is a really nice ...
By JERRY
from Springdale, UT
It is a really nice computer pack but it BADLY needs a shoulder strap and clip to hold it securely on your shoulders when it is loaded. Almost ALL other backpacks have this feature.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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(31 of 76 customers found this review helpful)
I made the choice for a ...
By JON
from Kalamazoo, MI
I made the choice for a backpack because the brief case that I had the computer in was giving me a sore shoulder. Since switching over the backpack, I've not had a shoulder pain...
(28 of 71 customers found this review helpful)
It could have a better ...
By CARLOS
from McLean, VA
It could have a better layout and look
(37 of 81 customers found this review helpful)
a nice backpack, with ...
By BETH
from Davis, CA
a nice backpack, with lots of useful compartments/features;the width of the shoulder straps is designed more for a man's body than for a smallish woman's body; thus the straps slip off of my shoulder's (female, 5'4'') quite easily
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