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Museletter #217: Deepwater Horizon and the Technology, Economics, and Environmental Impacts of Resource Depletion
Posted Jun 1, 2010 by Richard Heinberg
Following the failure of the latest efforts to plug the gushing leak from BP's Deepwater Horizon oil well in the Gulf of Mexico, and amid warnings that oil could continue to flow for another two months or more, perhaps it's a good time to step back a moment mentally and look at the bigger picture—the context of our human history of resource extraction—to see how current events reveal deeper trends that will have even greater and longer-lasting significance.
Much of what follows may seem obvious to some readers, pedantic to others. But very few people seem to have much of a grasp of the basic technological, economic, and environmental issues that arise as resource extraction proceeds, and as a society adapts to depletion of its resource base. So, at the risk of boring the daylights out of those already familiar with the history of extractive industries, here follows a spotlighting of relevant issues, with the events in the Gulf of Mexico ever-present in the wings and poised to take center stage as the subject of some later comments. Readers in the "already familiar" category can skip straight to part 5.
1. The Pyramid Scheme
Perhaps it's best to start with the most familiar metaphor: resource extraction always proceeds on the basis of the low-hanging fruit principle. We typically go after the most easily accessible, highest quality portions of the resource first, and save the hard-to-get, low-quality portions for later.
Geologists use a different metaphor; they commonly speak of a "resource pyramid." The capstone represents the easily and cheaply extracted portion of the resource; the next layers are portions of the resource base that can be extracted with more difficulty and expense, and often with worse environmental impacts; while the remaining bulk of the pyramid represents resources that geologists believe are unlikely to be extracted under any realistic pricing scenario, usually because of depth, location, or quality issues. There's a pyramid for oil, one for coal, one for iron ore, and so on.
As we chew our way down the layers of each pyramid, starting at the top, some fairly predictable things happen with regard to technology, economics, and environmental impacts. These effects are often mutually interacting, and I will try to highlight those mutual interactions as we go.
2. Technology
Some resources can be extracted, at least in initial stages, with very simple tools. Primitive mining was accomplished with stone and wooden picks and shovels, using reed baskets to carry ore (usually copper, gold, or silver) to nearby sites where it could be smelted in charcoal fires. Once copper, tin, and iron had been smelted in sufficient quantities, metal tools began to be used in mining.
Early coal mining consisted simply of digging lumps from surface outcrops, but by the 18th century British miners were working in shafts over 300 feet deep.
Many very early oil wells consisted of shallow pits (up to 100 ft deep) dug into natural seeps; the earliest known drilling for oil occurred in China in the fourth century, achieving depths of up to about 800 feet using bits attached to bamboo poles. As petroleum became a heavily traded commodity in the early 20th century, rotary drills using steel pipes and bits were developed, able to penetrate to depths of thousands of feet.
The patterns are clear and unsurprising: As resources near the Earth's surface become depleted, we have to work harder and dig deeper to extract more of what we want and have come to need. Production problems lead to the development of new extractive technologies—which, in solving those problems, often also make more of the resource accessible. As a larger portion of the resource base becomes available to society, more uses for the resource are discovered. The new technologies themselves (starting with metal tools) also frequently wind up having other purposes—ones that may increase demand for the resource they were developed to extract.
There is no more significant or instructive example of these trends than the story of the steam engine—which was invented to pump water out of deepening coal mines, but (when applied to other ends, such as providing the motive power for railroads) became a prime user of coal. Tellingly, iron rails were also first used in coalmines. And thus, of course, began the Industrial Revolution.
Fast-forward to deepwater drilling rigs, satellite and seismic geological surveys, horizontal drilling, fracking, and Blowout Preventers (BOPs) for finding and extracting oil (and unconventional natural gas); Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) technology for obtaining oil from tar sands; long-wall mining, Underground Coal Gasification (UCG), and Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) in the coal industry; and so much more. Each extractive industry boasts its own fleet of cutting-edge technologies, each consisting of a suite of tool systems all working together to make the production of some fuel or ore cheaper or more environmentally benign.
The 21st-century search for useful non-renewable resources is testing the limits of science; and both the brawn and the intricacy of machines that have been developed to feed our growing human needs for nonrenewable resources are truly impressive. Watching some of these machines in action, it is tempting to think that human ingenuity has no bounds. Moreover, since we are still fairly close to the top of the pyramid with regard to many nonrenewable resources, it is also natural to assume that constantly improving machines will enable us to dig very far down indeed, so as to continue supplying our burgeoning collective appetite for energy and minerals for many generations to come.
However, as we are about to see, the development of extractive technologies also involves tradeoffs and limits.
3. Economics
Fancy extraction technology comes at a price. But investment in more expensive tools is often justified by greater efficiency of production, reduced environmental impacts, or by the ability to open more of the resource base to exploitation. The relationship between cost and payoff is captured to some extent by the simple ratio of Return on Investment (ROI), to which every drilling or mining company's bean counters pay vigilant attention. This ratio can easily go sour in situations where the resource isn't present in sufficient quantities (even using the newest oil exploration techniques, two out of three initial wells—each costing tens to hundreds of millions of dollars—still comes up dry) or where environmental problems get out of hand (note to self: at end of fiscal year, remember to review BP's balance sheet for Gulf of Mexico operations).
But financial ROI is not the only return on investment that matters. If we're discussing energy resources (oil, gas, or coal) then we also have to keep track of the ratio between the energy invested in exploration and production versus the energy yielded by the resources extracted. This is commonly termed Energy Return on Energy Invested, or EROEI. Technology uses energy, and bigger and more complicated machines usually use more of it. Moreover, the mining and refining of deeper or lower-grade fossil fuels generally takes more energy regardless of what technology is used. When the amount of energy required to produce a given quantity of fuel equals the amount of energy obtained from burning it, that fuel ceases to be a net energy source. There may be financial reasons to continue the production process (including government subsidies or tax write-offs), but from an energetic standpoint the exercise has become pointless. The EROEI for fossil fuels is declining for all the above reasons.
Since each layer further down the resource pyramid requires more expensive extractive machinery, while yielding lower-quality or more expensively produced fuels or ores, one would expect that the market price for resources would continually be rising. But this has not been the case in most instances—until recently. During the 20th century, most commodity prices (including prices for metal ores and, often, fossil fuels) actually declined in inflation-adjusted terms. Why? More areas for exploration were continually being opened, while payoffs from the ability of new technology to access lower layers of the resource pyramid trumped both the extra cost of the technology itself and the declining resource quality (a factor that must be overcome with increasing investment in refining or ore upgrading).
Over the past few years, that situation has begun to change. A study, "Increasing Global Nonrenewable Natural Resource Scarcity," by Chris Clugston tracks the production levels and price of 57 Non-renewable Natural Resources (NNRs). Clugston begins by pointing out that
During the 20th century, global production levels associated with 56 of the 57 analyzed NNRs (98%) increased annually, while global price levels associated with 45 of the 57 analyzed NNRs (79%) decreased annually. Generally increasing global NNR production levels in conjunction with generally decreasing global NNR price levels indicate relative global NNR abundance during the 20th century. On the whole, global NNR supplies kept pace with ever-increasing global demand during the 20th century.
So far, so good. But that's changing.
Generally slowing or declining global NNR production growth in conjunction with generally increasing global NNR prices indicate increasing NNR scarcity during the early years of the 21st century... Annual global production levels increased during the 20th century, then decreased during the 21st century; while annual price levels decreased during the 20th century, then increased during the 21st century...
Case in point: for petroleum, between the years 2000 and 2010 production increased 9 percent, while prices rose by almost 400 percent. No, we're not "running out" of oil, but we are running out of cheap oil. Clugston echoes this conclusion more generally: "We are not about to 'run out' of any NNR; we are about to run 'critically short' of many."
Something else we learn from petroleum: as production expands and high-quality deposits deplete, continually higher prices do not represent the full extent of the problems that arise. At some point, regardless of price, production reaches a maximum rate and begins to decline (this, of course, is what the whole "Peak Oil" discussion is all about). This "peaking" phenomenon has occurred with regard to the extraction of many different resources, and in many places and times, so its dynamics are now the subject of fairly sophisticated study.
Standard economic theory holds that, as a resource becomes scarce, potential buyers will bid prices upward; and as prices escalate, increasing numbers of users will turn to substitutes. It's easy to point to historic examples where these things happened, but there have also been instances where prices responded in a highly non-linear fashion (more on that below), and where substitutes were unavailable or inadequate. In the case of fossil fuels, substitutes do exist; however, most have drawbacks of one kind or another (see Searching for a Miracle) and the scale of current global fossil fuel usage makes a full transition to substitutes a truly daunting prospect.
It is important to know whether commodity prices escalate linearly as petroleum and other non-renewable resources become scarcer. If they do, then the invisible hand of the market will solve many of the problems that scarcity brings: in addition to making substitutes more attractive, higher prices will motivate efforts to increase efficient usage of the resource. But a recent historic example calls such rosy scenarios for painless, market-led resource transitions into question. In the years and months leading up to July 2008, demand for oil was increasing, but global production remained stagnant. Traders bid the price up to a record $147 per barrel—and global financial mayhem followed. While a concurrent derivatives/real estate crash was responsible for much of the bloodshed, dramatic slumps in the auto, airline, trucking, and shipping industries seemed closely tied to the oil price spike. These (along with the general economic convulsion) resulted in declining fuel demand, which in turn caused petroleum prices to plummet nearly to $30 per barrel in December 2008. This then led to curtailed investment in oil exploration—which, in due course, will provoke another rapid price rise as supplies dwindle. The cycle will presumably begin again; and each time it recurs, it will likely have an even more devastating economic impact. Not all non-renewable resources will provoke similar scenarios as they deplete, as very few are so essential to the economy that scarcity or price spikes could trigger a major recession. However, price volatility does seem to be a typical sign of depletion-led resource scarcity.
Finally, perhaps the most significant economic factor with regard to the extraction of nonrenewable resources is growth. Modern economies depend on growth in provision of goods and services; meanwhile, world population continues to expand. As we make our way down the down the pyramid, increasing appetites (growing population times growing per capita consumption rates) translate to increasing dependence on depleting resources. If total consumption rates were declining or even constant, the economic and environmental problems stemming from resource depletion would be easier to solve. Growth makes all such problems more intractable with every passing year.
4. Environmental Impacts
In many respects, advancing technology tends to reduce the environmental impact of each increment of resource extraction (though there are exceptions!).
Underground coal mining in the early days—only a few decades ago—was far more dangerous, dirty, and dreary than it is today, though mine disasters still occur (as we sadly discovered just a few weeks ago in West Virginia) and miners still die from pneumoconiosis.
Similarly, the oil business in the early 20th century lacked regulations and safety technology, and resulted in more frequent oil spills and fatal accidents than does today's high-tech industry. The first successful exploratory oil wells nearly always produced gushers because there was little to prevent pressurized oil from shooting out the top of the drill pipe once reservoir contact was made. These days, gushers are extremely rare due to modern oil well pressure control systems.
In the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, we see on display all the most advanced technology for drilling safety and spill cleanup. Blowout preventers, pressure monitors, careful planning, regulations, and advanced engineering combine to make accidents rare. If something does go wrong, there are remote-controlled underwater vehicles, top kills, and junk shots to seal off the leaks, and oil booms and chemical dispersants to deal with the spill itself.
And yet, despite all this technology and expertise, we are still witness to one of the worst environmental disasters in history. Why?
As we are still learning, the Deepwater Horizon disaster was due largely to gross negligence on part of several companies, primarily BP, and also to the approval of a flawed drilling plan by the Federal Government's Minerals Management Service (MMS). Such lapses are to be anticipated. In a deepwater drilling operation with a budget running upwards of a hundred million dollars, every minute costs money, so there are strong incentives to cut costs. Often, engineers (who may be more concerned about safety) are overruled by management (who are more concerned about budgets and ROI). Then there is the phenomenon—common throughout government—of regulators being figuratively (or literally) in bed with industries they are supposed to be regulating. So in March 2009, when BP filed a plan with the MMS, repeatedly asserting that it was "unlikely that an accidental surface or subsurface oil spill would occur from the proposed activities," so unlikely in fact that "a blowout scenario... is not required for the operations proposed," the regulators simply took the company at its word.
In the bigger scheme of things, an event such as the Deepwater Horizon explosion becomes more likely with every passing year, despite the continuing development of superior technology: as oil production levels grow to meet rising demand, and as the industry is forced to drill deeper in ever more hostile environments, there are more things to go wrong; and when problems happen, they are harder to fix.
While the world's attention is appropriately riveted on the consequences of the Macondo blowout, it is important to remember the ongoing, routine environmental devastation that comprises the background static of contemporary industrial life: climate chaos, air and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. In many instances of resource extraction—including "mountaintop removal" coal mining and tar sands oil production—massive environmental destruction is the result not of unforeseen accidents, but of normal operations.
With the convergence of climate change and "clean coal" technology we see the culmination of many of the trends discussed here. Climate change is an environmental consequence of nonrenewable resource usage, and one that is so horrendous it will stop civilization in its tracks. Therefore something must be done to stop it. Several key industrial nations can't afford to give up coal, the highest-carbon fuel, because their economies depend on it and the alternatives would be too costly to develop. The ideal solution would be a new technology to clean up carbon emissions from burning coal. Voila! Such a technology exists—Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), which entails burying carbon dioxide from the coal combustion process underground. But CCS will cost so much to build to scale that the technology will almost certainly never actually be implemented. (see China's Coal Bubble...and how it will deflate U.S. efforts to develop "clean coal") The upshot: there is no apparent solution to the coal/climate conundrum that preserves economic growth much longer. The trends end in some sort of unpredictable discontinuity.
5. Deepwater Horizon: Impact on Future Oil Production
Now, back to the events in the Gulf of Mexico.
The U.S. Department of Energy forecasts that "a vast majority" of projected increases in U.S. oil production in the near term will come from Gulf deepwater fields similar to the site of the Deepwater Horizon spill. Such deepwater fields currently represent about 70 percent of all Gulf oil production (the other 30 percent come from shallow depths, typically of a few hundred feet). Offshore oil provides almost a third of total U.S. oil production of 5.5 million barrels per day, and that percentage is rising. For the world as a whole, the International Energy Agency projects that by 2020 deepwater will be providing 40 percent of all oil being extracted. Why the emphasis on deepwater? Because we've already chewed our way down through the higher levels of the oil pyramid: there's very little onshore or shallow-water oil left to find. So down we go!
The BP spill is likely to throw a wrench into these plans. Heavier regulations, and higher (more expensive) standards are on the way. President Obama has just ordered the suspension of all current U.S. deepwater drilling operations for six months, and future deepwater projects could be delayed by years.
Insurance costs for deepwater projects will soar ("The cost of insuring a rig against a so-called physical loss—damage to the rig itself—can easily surpass $3 million a year, and could reach $9 million depending on the deductible," according to Rigzone). Total insurance claims on the Deepwater Horizon disaster could far exceed the total premiums paid by all oil drillers to insurance companies in 2010, so a bankrupting of some insurers is at least possible.
Further, deepwater projects require financing—however, in case anyone hasn't noticed, the economy is falling apart. Banks aren't lending because of all the bad loans on their books; and, though oil companies may be flush with cash, they prefer to spread risks around. Now that the risks associated with deepwater exploration appear much larger, and credit is tight in any case, fewer investors are likely to want to jump aboard. Oil companies may want to just hang onto their cash by buying up their own stock shares. After all, the object of the game is to make a profit; producing more oil is just a means to that end, and if a better means is available, why not go with it? Sure, "financializing" the oil industry doesn't work over the long term, as oil companies need booked reserves in order to attract investors, and maintaining reserves requires exploration. But who's in it for the long term? Hey, in the long term, we're dead. Maybe it's time to cash out and let a new generation of managers figure out what to do next.
Then there is the problem of over-optimism. Developers of production projects are naturally inclined to talk up the prospects for the latest "play." Later, when reality sets in, initial rosy forecasts may not be borne out. Case in point: BP's flagship deepwater Gulf of Mexico project, Thunderhorse, was slated to produce a billion barrels of oil at the rate of 250,000 barrels a day (b/d). Production hit 172,000 b/d in January 2009, but then declined rapidly to 61,000 b/d by the end of last year. BP has not commented publicly on the reason for this unexpected production crash, but outside observers are skeptical that the platform will ever actually produce the promised billion barrels. According to Post Carbon Institute Fellow Tom Whipple in "Peak Oil Review" for May 24, "At least 25 other deepwater projects are said to be facing problems of falling production, raising the question of just how much oil these very expensive deepwater projects will ever produce." Take one Thunderhorse, add a Deepwater Horizon, mix thoroughly, and what do you get? Investor jitters.
Economic optimists never tire of pointing out how enormous the resource pyramid is when viewed as a whole. When society is desperate, they say, we will go after energy resources and raw materials no matter where they are, no matter how expensive the process, and no matter how much environmental destruction comes with it. We'll solve problems that arise as best we can and move on. Growth is inevitable and unstoppable, and if fuels and materials that enable growth exist, we will find and use them. In reality, though, things may not work out that way. New extraction projects require the cooperation of many functioning systems including manufacturing/fabrication, finance, insurance, regulation, and advanced technical education. As that system of systems becomes more complicated, the sites of potential breakdown multiply. The current economic crisis is likely to rupture the system in multiple places, crippling extractive industries. Much of the remaining oil, coal, gas, and mineral resource base that could technically be extracted may well end up staying in the ground simply because society can't continue to organize itself functionally at a high enough level to maintain the growing effort needed.
In short, the Deepwater Horizon story is not just an environmental tragedy. It is a story about the limits of both extractive technologies and the increasingly complex societal systems that support them. It's a reminder that the whole project of basing unending economic growth on ever-increasing rates of extraction of depleting nonrenewable resources is wrongheaded from start to finish. And it's a signal that hopes for our economy to magically "dematerialize" have turned out to be just that—mere hopes.
6. This Is What the End of the Oil Age Looks Like
There will be plenty of blame to go around, as events leading up to the fatal Deepwater Horizon rig explosion are sorted out. Even if further efforts to plug the gushing leak succeed, the damage to the Gulf environment and to the economy of the region are incalculable and will linger for a very long time indeed. The deadly stench from oil-soaked marshes—as spring turns to hot, fetid summer—will by itself ruin tens or hundreds of thousands of lives and livelihoods. Then there's the loss of the seafood industry: we're talking about more than the crippling of the economic backbone of the region; anyone who's spent time in New Orleans (my wife's family all live there) knows that the people and culture of southern Louisiana are literally as well as figuratively composed of digested oysters, shrimp, and speckled trout. Given the historic political support from this part of the country for offshore drilling, and for the petroleum industry in general, this really amounts to sacrificing the faithful on the altar of oil.
President Obama has called the spill a "massive and potentially unprecedented environmental disaster," and his representatives are now referring to it as both the worst oil spill and the worst environmental disaster in U.S. history.
But it's much more than that. It is a sign that we're nearing the end of a trail we've been following for at least a couple of centuries now.
Once again, I must repeat: we're not even close to running out of oil, coal, gas, or most minerals. But we face a convergence of entirely predictable but severe consequences from the depletion of the concentrated, high-grade resources at the top of the pyramid: less affordable and more volatile commodity prices; worse environmental impacts—cumulative, mutually reinforcing impacts—both from accidents and from "normal" extraction operations; declining resource quality; declining EROEI for fossil fuels; and the need for massive new investment both to grow production levels, and to keep environmental consequences at bay. And all of this is happening just as investment capital (needed to fix all these problems) is becoming scarce. In short, the monetary and non-monetary costs of growth have been rising faster than growth itself, and it looks as though we have now gotten to the inevitable point where growth may in fact no longer be an option.
The Deepwater Horizon disaster reminds us that, of all non-renewable resources, oil best deserves to be thought of as the Achilles heel of modern society. Without cheap oil, our industrial food system—from tractor to supermarket—shifts from feast to famine mode; our entire transportation system sputters to a halt. We even depend on oil to fuel the trains, ships, and trucks that haul the coal that supplies half our electricity. We make our computers from oil-derived plastics. Without oil, our whole societal ball of yarn begins to unravel.
But the era of cheap, easy petroleum is over; we are paying steadily more and more for what we put in our gas tanks—more not just in dollars, but in lives and health, in a failed foreign policy that spawns foreign wars and military occupations, and in the lost integrity of the biological systems that sustain life on this planet.
The only solution is to do proactively, and sooner, what we will end up doing anyway as a result of resource depletion and economic, environmental, and military ruin: end our dependence on the stuff. Everybody knows we must do this. Even a recent American president (an oil man, it should be noted) admitted that, "America is addicted to oil." Will we let this addiction destroy us, or will we overcome it? Good intentions are not enough. We must make this the central practical, fiscal priority of the nation.
In my 2006 book, The Oil Depletion Protocol: A Plan to Avert Oil Wars, Terrorism and Economic Collapse, I laid out a simple formula that could guide us in systematically reducing our global dependence on oil. The same general plan could be adapted for use with all other nonrenewable resources. At the time, I naively thought that environmentalists would eagerly take up the idea, and that a few courageous politicians would champion it. So far, there has in fact been very little interest in the Protocol. It turns out that nearly everyone likes the idea of using less oil, but nobody wants to take the step of actually mandating a reduction in its production and consumption, because that would require us to dethrone our Holy of Holies—economic growth. It's so much more comfortable to spout support for the intention to build more electric cars—a technology that in fact will take decades to gain even moderate market penetration.
Fair enough. But where does that leave us? In an oily mess at the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico... and entangled in what may be the ultimate Catch 22: We want more petroleum-fueled economic growth, but we hate what the pursuit of petroleum is doing to us (not to mention the environment), and it looks as though "more" may not be an option much longer in any case.
There's just no easy answer here, folks.
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Reader Comments
From: Mary Wildfire, Jul 5, 10 09:43 AM
The last couple weeks have been real wrist-slitters for depressing news. I found this piece rather cheerful, actually. Here's why: while there is no technical barrier to cooperative and rational management of the oil depletion and environmental crises humanity faces--the Powerdown option--it has become abundantly obvious that the elites who control public policy, all over the world, have no interest in rational or cooperative solutions--what they insist on is increased wealth and power for the top hundredth of one percent worldwide. That is their one constant goal and all must be sacrificed to it, even long-term survival prospects for humanity. The other 99.99% COULD rise up and change things--but they are effectively confused and pacified and divided, primarily by the corporate media, and there is no sign that they are even in the beginning stages of such an uprising. So rational, deliberate solutions are not realistic possibilities. And we are on course for horrible environmental damage, as well as increasingly overt control by a small band of fascists.
Therefore, Heinberg's assertion here that economic and insurance and EROEI factors will soon converge to cripple and topple the beast is like a moist spring breeze after a scorching week. Our only HOPE is some kind of collapse, and surely a collapse IS in the near future. The key question is, how soon? Before humanity emits enough CO2 and other GHG to cook the planet, or after? before another horrific oil spill, and more coal-fired power plants are built, and more devastation ripping a little oil out of Alberta's guts, or after? before the bastards find ways to watch and control every one of us constantly, or after? before they experiment with their hot new geoenginerring schemes, or after? We NEED a crash, the sooner the better.
More detail on the currently proposed alternatives, please.
From: Olivier, Jul 2, 10 01:43 AM
Great argument, R.Heinberg.
I particularly enjoyed your description of how pervasive our addiction to Petroleum really is.
Would you please address the alternative energy source and transportation form solutions in more detail?
I would like to hear about these issues:
Why do you think Coal CCS is technically capable of sequestering more than a useless % of its carbon?
(I thought it could only sequester about 5% of emissions.)
Why you think Concentrated Solar Thermal power stations (like my local plan- http://beyondzeroemissions.org/zero-carbon-australia-2020) cannot in conjunction with wind, biomass, and HVDC lines, provide sufficient energy supply?
What makes you think we cannot have great bicycle systems, and great electric light and heavy rail systems, in place before we run out of petroleum?
Thank you!
From: Stu, Jun 4, 10 05:20 PM
Oh comon, its not as bad as all that. Stop being so pessimistic. There are pros to fossil fuel depletion. Locally produced natural healthy food.....cannibalism comes to mind. And what about all the fun you can have looting and raping and killing after law and order totally collapses. Look at the bright side for gods sake.
From: Boris Gelfand, Jun 4, 10 06:41 AM
This sickness of antisemitism is so well spread and so embedded into brains that even events which not even remotely connected to Israel (oil spill) create outbursts of it. Mr. William Jorgensen is a very sick person and deserves some kind of lobotomy treatment.
From: William Jorgensen, Jun 4, 10 02:11 AM
I agree entirely with Richard, however, the cultural trap of an elitist culture is evident in my analysis of his absolutely correct call.
References in terms of scale and extent of damage do not take in the true extent of global environmental damage, or the scope of the repercussions.
The world does not consist entirely of America and everyone else. And, this disaster is not the biggest in American history, it is the biggest in World History.
Absolute panic will cross national boundaries and America itself will become the focus of world-wide and universal anger (for a change). Allies will desert as soon as they realise the mood of their populations - which will mirror their own (for a change).
The question that will be asked is going to be whether a particular nation was at fault. If every nation is doomed, or believes it is doomed, then we might expect a world war against America, and probably Israel for being the puppet-master. Even with America's (and Israel's) great military might, it has no chance against the combined military forces of the rest of the world. Before this, however, America will be asked to step aside, an insult so egregious Americans will choke on their indignation (for a change). America will instead ask for help as an offer of peace - which will drag out the whole process.
Previous allies may sit on the fence, or join in with greater fervour, either way, they can't be counted on.
Whether this is the collapse of America or the beginning of the collapse of the world, it's progressing at a terribly infuriating pace, not slow like global warming, or quick like 2012, but at the speed of tide, current and fickle weather.
I'm not a religious person, whatsoever, but, I'd not be surprised to see a flock of angels and demons roll into view, all laughing their heads off at the cosmic joke.
Mismanagement of your planet
From: karl marx, Jun 3, 10 06:19 PM
Capitalism and the need for ever increasing profit at any cost is where your problems lie.
oil , oil , olive oyl
From: mudflap, Jun 3, 10 02:43 PM
soylent green baby ...
soylent green .
From: Angelo, Jun 3, 10 01:13 PM
Please don't disparage hemp - though it will not provide the fuel we need in the quantities we need it (no bio-fuel would) as a seed, it does offer us a very high quality fiber which could very easily replace the need for wood derived paper products. It also makes very good building materials when coupled with natural resins (bricks, shingles, fiber board). The ability of the plant to remediate soils and grow without much fertilizer input is also an added agricultural advantage.
If hemp offers anything in regards to energy it is to be found in the stalk and not the oil seeds (which by the way makes great nutritional sense). With the production of newly designed wood gasifiers woody plant materials can be used to produce high quality fuel gas to run generators which can charge a battery system large enough to run a full sized home. With battery technology looking to take leap in the next 5 years, decentralized gasifiers will become a very viable option for many.
What I'm describing is 'not pie in the sky', check out www.woodygasifier.com (not my site) and see for yourself what is now available.
Lets not forget that a fast growing plant that will grow anywhere, requires little to no inputs and produces one of the strongest fibers on earth has its uses, and one of those uses just so happens to be in a gasifier, to which it would provide a high burning energy content.
The real wild card for renewable energy going forward is battery advancements, and what is coming down the pike in the next 3 - 7 years will really put the wind behind alternative energies, of this I have no doubt. The question at that point will be, who can afford these technologies given the contracting global economy, which is another topic altogether....
From: Adelaide Chichorro Ferreira, Jun 3, 10 08:23 AM
A very important text!
From: Walther von Reinbach, Jun 2, 10 04:35 PM
Post carbon means more liquid fluoride thorium reactors.
What is it with the HEMP People?
From: Mike Rampart, Jun 2, 10 09:40 AM
Seriously, it's like they believe in Hemp the way Catholics believe in the holy spirit - some vaguely powerful substance for which they've no proof.
The EROEI on hemp is, at best, 2.5 to 1. This PALES in comparison to many other grasses, none of which have the capability of replacing oil or coal as a power source, due to their low inherent energy (one year of sunlight vs. MILLIONS OF YEARS). Yet, because Haile Selassie and Bob Marley created the cult of marijuana, the Hemptards have an unreasonable, unproven faith in a material that has zero real-world potential as an energy source. Sure, back in the 70s before analysis of energy potential and EROEI of plant fibers was highly developed, hippies everywhere couldn't be blamed for believing in potential. But it's 2010, Papa Patchouli...the science has shown your wonder weed to be rather standard. But like all cults, you refute science and prefer faith. Ugh.
Less complexity, Less Ego
From: Jimmy, Jun 2, 10 04:09 AM
Dear Sir
The crude oil age is indeed ending, but that means we can utilise the ace that has been hidden from view. Hemp. If you adopt permaculture principles with mass Hemp cultivation, add in a few solar panels or solar water heating systems, then we don't have much of a problem.
We just need to shift the ego out of the way so we can live in harmony with nature, who can never be bettered.


text:
Lagomarcino clan sticks to tradition
The Lagomarcino family, which has been operating an ice cream parlor and confectionary at the same downtown Moline site since 1908, has seen the downtown through the worst and best of times.
``Things are really on the upswing and getting better,'' said Beth Lagomarcino, the third generation in the business. ``The first upbeat surge was when Heritage Place opened, and then The Mark was really the gift of life to downtown Moline. The new John Deere Pavilion, too, has made a difference.''
Beth's grandfather, Angelo Lagomarcino, an immigrant from the Piedmonte region of Italy, opened his original confectionary on 15th Street, between 4th and 5th avenues. He then moved across the street for a brief time. The shop was moved to 1422 5th Ave., its present location, in 1921. Visitors could buy tobacco, fruit, candy and soda fountain treats.
In the early days, Moline was a hotspot in the Quad-Cities, recalled Tom Lagomarcino, Angelo's son and Beth's father. The area had seven theaters -- Lyric, Palace, Mirror, Bio, American, Paradise and LeClaire -- whose crowds dictated the soda fountain's hours.
Mr. Lagomarcino said the shop was open 18 hours a day, often until 1 a.m. or later. ``The night trade was our bread and butter,'' he said. ``Of course, our business flourished during Prohibition.''
After visiting the theater, people would come to Lagomarcino's for fancy sundaes, ice cream creations and sodas. ``All the street cars came through here where there was a loop area,'' Mr. Lagomarcino said. ``From here, the street cars went to either Rock Island or East Moline. Street cars funneled everyone downtown. Few people had cars back then.''
The interior decor of Lagomarcino's was carefully planned. Mahogany booths were custom-made by Moline Furniture Works. Tiffany-style lamps over each booth were specially made on the East Coast.
Cassini Tile of Rock Island installed a hexagon terrazzo floor with blue flowers to complement the lamps. A stamped tin ceiling was installed. Table and countertops were made of marble, and the original cigar and candy cases still are in use.
The interior remains unchanged today. Walking into Lagomarcino's is like stepping into the past.
``We don't want to change what we feel is so special -- that atmosphere of this place and its old-fashioned look,'' Beth Lagomarcino said. ``We've tried to recapture this same look and feel in our new store in the Village of East Davenport.''
The Lagomarcinos recently expanded their winning formula to the other side of the river, opening a restaurant at 2132 E. 11th St., Davenport, the original Happy Joe's Pizza Parlor. Lisa and Tom Lagomarcino, Beth's brother and sister, are managing the new store.
``It's a whole other ballgame in the village,'' Beth Lagomarcino said. ``Our beautiful backbar came from a drugstore in Maquoketa. We also got fixtures from an old soda fountain in Chicago. The tile floor is unique -- it was designed by Judith Anderson, who had a real unusual approach. She also took a lot of our family photos and had them blown up to hang on the wall. John Watts of Windsong Glassworks in Rock Island did all the stained glass work for us.''
-- By Lisa Mohr (February 2, 1998)
Copyright © 1998 Moline Dispatch Publishing Company, L.L.C.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Wonders of Hydrogen Peroxide
We were reading about Eight Difficult Stains and Easy Ways To Remove Them on Gomestic when we noted some of the positive comments about hydrogen peroxide as an effective cleaner.
This in itself wasn't new news for us, as we rely on the stuff to help clean out stains on our clothing, whiten our teeth and keep our toothbrushes fresh. But there's so much more this wonder substance can do....
Dr. David G. Williams breaks down the many benefits (and dangers) of hydrogen peroxide from a medical and scientific angle. Add 1 oz of 3% hydrogen peroxide (or 16 drops of 35% solution) to every quart of water for healthier house plants. Clean humidifiers with 1 pint of 3% hydrogen peroxide to a gallon of water. We're big fans of using vinegar to wash our mirrors and windows, but now we're going to give hydrogen peroxide a try next time, as it supposedly also leaves a streak-free finish.
Other uses include:
- Surface cleaner
- Shower cleaner
- Dish wash sanitizer
- Meat disinfectant and marinade
- Vegetable preservative
- Laundry whitener
- Pet water and wash additive
There's actually too much to list about the wonders liquid, but there are pages and pages dedicated to its uses you can explore. Remember to always read about the hazardous and health effects before using hydrogen peroxide.
(Re-Edited from 2007.9.14 - CB)
28 Comments
This made me laugh--recently our two dogs had a tete-a-tete with a skunk... We ran to the internet and the recipe to get rid of skunk is a bottle of peroxide, 1/4 c. of baking soda, and a capful of baby shampoo or liquid dish soap. It worked like a charm!
Similarly my two dogs had a tete-a-tete with a pound and half of dark chocolate. Both the internet and poison control recommended a hydrogen peroxide dilution to induce vomiting at home (gross!). It worked like a charm!
Did the dogs look like bleach blondes afterwards? :-)
hydrogen peroxide is also particularly good for removing pet urine discoloration and smell from light-colored carpet. I tried EVERYTHING and it was the best I found for overall performance. And much cheaper than all the commercial pet products they sell at pet stores.
bleaches blood out of whites.
do you mean in a solution--as in diluted?
Okay, I promise this will change your life:
To get red wine out of fabric, use hydrogen peroxide and dishwashing liquid. Mix, and presoak the stain before washing. Some idiot at a party spilled wine on my favorite gold sweater. It sat in my laundry basket for 2 months (contemplating taking it to the dry cleaner, but I forgot). I searched the internet and came up with this solution. Apparently it works on EVERY fabric. I mixed some Dawn with the HP. Apparently the HP is the most important part, so there should be plenty of that in your mix. I poured some on the stain, and when I came back 10 minutes later, it was completely gone. Didn't hurt the fabric, didn't bleach the color. A-MA-ZING!
Awesome! I guess I'll add a bit of HP to the wash tomorrow when I wash my dingy sheer white bedroom curtains :)
StephM is 100% right about the peroxide/dishwashing miracle red wine stain remover. Worked like a dream on my buff- colored modern baker sofa, I was amazed. I highly recommend it!
I found 3% peroxide too strong an agent to use on bathroom grout. I'm not sure what grade of grout I had but it bubbled, pitted, and turned a dark shade after contact.
Thanks StephM & Miriam. I'm trying that tonight on a blouse I thought was a gonner (too much red on Rosh Hashanah - oy!).
Lourdes--Let us know how it goes!
Will do, promise!
I 3rd the hydrogen peroxide and dishwashing soap solution to red wine stains, I've used it a few times and it always works like a charm! I think I usually have done about a 2 to 1 ratio of the HP to soap.
depends on the timing of the stain really. My cat is notorious for peeing when mad. In the same spot. So, if I find a fresh pee spot I will blot up pee, pour on a bit of peroxide, let it soak a few minutes, and then blot up. Otherwise, for general cleaning purposes I dilute it with some hot water and maybe a few drops of dish soap which I use with a little carpet steamer I got at Target. Works better than the solution the vacuum/steamer company sells to accompany it, and the pet store variety urine cleaners.
Please note though, we have beige carpet. I would recommend a patch test before trying it on any carpet.
StephM, what a brilliant thing. It worked like magic. So glad you shared. Thanks!
I get earaches and tickles in my Eustachian tubes. Hydrogen peroxide and a bit of cotton wool works wonders to clear these up since I was a wee lass.
Funny timing -- I was just asking a friend over the weekend whether she bleached her teeth (overly personal question, I know). She gave me a funny look and said no...but then added, "Well, but I DO rinse with hydrogen peroxide every day."
Antiseptic qualities, a bargain price and whiter teeth -- all reasons to give it a try in the future.
I've used hydrogen peroxide to get out cat pee stains on wood floors. It takes some elbow grease and several applications, but overnight the smell is gone and the stain will be much faded. Just keep applying it until the stain is completely gone.
blood remover! i've used it on bright colored fabric with no problem - just let it foam until it stops, rinse, squeeze out the water, and reapply - until the stain is out or it just stops foaming.
liseah, have you tried it? i feel like it would taste awful...
Oh, it DOES taste awful.
if i have a sore throat i use a combo of hydrogen peroxide and listerine.. it usually works for me!
I'm curious why the website linked in the list claims that it will stop transference of disease between family members if you soak your toothbrush in it. Surely they're not suggesting you /share/ the toothbrush!?
not for the house but good to whiten teeth
johan, I've seen lots of family bathrooms where the toothbrushes are all stuck in one holder, so they probably share germs due to close proximity. I keep mine, bristles down, in a cup of HP that I change out every few days.
hydrogen peroxide got rust stains out of granite. took about a week of soaking rags with HP and laying them on the ring stain once a day. it was AMAZING. we thought the metal plant pot had RUNIED a great granite table top but this trick did it. it likely would have gone faster if we'd changed the cloth more often.
Okay, I've been using hydrogen peroxide for cleaning for a while now....but a marinade? Has anyone tried this?
there are comercialy made mouth rinse solutions that are mostly HP. They DO work. In addition to make the teeth brighter, they help to prevent build-ups. You should use them BEFORE brushing with tooth-paste, not after as with most mouth rinse solutions.


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A new survey reveals that students want mobile tech and mobile learning--and they want more of it, now.
Best Math Learning Tools for Kids and Other Tablets, part of our best learning tools for kids on tablet series. Amazingly, most of them are free!
Students live in an information saturated world. The most effective way to keep them safe and using the internet responsibly as a learning tool is to teach them how to be their own filters.
20 Wonderful Online Museums and Sites for Virtual Field Trips to Use in Class ~ Educational Technology and Mobile Learning
RT @medkh9: 20 Wonderful Online Museums and Sites for Virtual Field Trips to Use in Class #edtech http://t.co/17GQFnMwVv via @medkh9
Education Technology (AKA edTech) is one of the fastest growing markets in the world. This list shows who is leading the pack and changing the edTech game.
Cindy Rudy's insight:
A "killer" list of wise, wonderful thoughtful edtech leaders!
On a recent episode of the TechEducator Podcast, we discussed some amazing Google Chrome Extensions.
The Library Voice: Just Look At All Of The New Digital Tools & Apps We Have To Use This Year....And To Share Too!
RT @shannonmmiller: Just Look At All Of The New Digital Tools & Apps We Have To Use This Year....And To Share Too! http://t.co/L4Q6poZmeZ
Book Wizard is a Scholastic service that allows you to create and organize book lists according to reading levels and students' interests. Book Wizard Mobile is a free iPad and iPhone app that you ...
EdTeacher blogger, John Hardison unearths more edtech resources from "A Gold Mine of #EdTech Resources."
Via Tom D'Amico (@TDOttawa)
Wired Digital Literacy Is the Key to the Future, But We Still Don't Know What It Means Wired One recent morning, just past this presidential decor, representatives of the tech industry (Google, Palantir, Mozilla, Github) and academia (UC Berkeley...
I've shared some of my favorite apps for teaching coding skills to students. From early elementary through high school, each one has a place in the hands of students holding a tablet. Whether you...
How are educators using the top ed-tech products on the market? Our annual Readers' Choice Awards lets you in on their secrets.
With tech breakthroughs and innovative ideas, science class isn't what it used to be.
From www
The classroom of today has changed little since the Industrial Revolution. The time for a new approach, experts say, is now.
Using these map creation tools you can easily create and manage interactive maps.
Via Tom D'Amico (@TDOttawa)
Edtech Blog, Edudemic Sold to Consumer Media Network
A Step by Step Guide to Creating A Virtual Field Trip Using Google Earth ~ Educational Technology and Mobile Learning
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Teachers' Guide to EdTech Concepts Infographic (RT @NikPeachey: Teachers' Guide to EdTech Concepts #Infographic http://t.co/x3R9As30q3 #efl #mlearn #edtech #elt #edreform #esl #edapp)...
Back to School With Must Have Web Tools in Class http://t.co/eHE5RPQrY9 via @ozge #edtech
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From helping students be on their best behavior to taking history lessons to the Twitterverse, teachers are using a range of apps — many of them free — to harness mobile technology in the classroom.
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SharePoint Business Intelligence
Service Type:Consulting, Professional Service
Business Need:Intranets, Extranets, Portals, Financial Analytics and Reporting, Business Application Development
Works With:Microsoft Office 2007 System, Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010
Industry Focus:General - Applicable to All
Microsoft Business Intelligence (BI) enables your organization to make better decisions and achieve your corporate objectives. Microsoft BI can help you to access, analyze, estimate and share the information of your organization, allows you to reach your company's business goals.
Today, organizations are replete with data; in formal systems, e-mail, documents, spreadsheets and more. When an organization is overflowing with data, it is very difficult to make decisions considering all the information… but it is possible with the help of Microsoft BI.
Self service BI empowers users with Self-service analysis and data vitualization. powerpivot helps users to access the data virtually however user can create reports analytical applications.
Explore New Business intelligence
A Comprehensive tool that integrate across Office applications and other Microsoft technologies. These tools support analysis, reporting, dashboards, and visualizations.
Tools such as Excel 2013, Excel Services in SharePoint 2013, and PerformancePoint Services in SharePoint Server 2013, Visio Services in SharePoint, SharePoint 2013, and Microsoft SQL Server.
SharePoint Business Intelligence has not been reviewed by any customers.
The views and opinions submitted and expressed here are not those of Microsoft.


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Woo-hoo! The long wait is finally over, you guys! After weeks of speculation and rumors, the Dancing With the Stars season 17 cast was just announced on Good Morning America. Now it's time to get excited about the premiere of the show on Monday, September 16.
And while a few names on the list were totally expected, based on some of the buzz that's been going around lately as far as casting goes -- there are also a few faces we weren't anticipating, but are pleasantly surprised to see, nonetheless. I have to say -- this is one really hot group!
Ok, ok, I'll cut to the chase.
The DWTS season 17 cast is ...
Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi -- pro partner Sasha Farber
Keyshawn Johnson -- pro partner Sharna Burgess
Valerie Harper -- pro partner Tristan MacManus
Brant Daugherty -- pro partner Peta Murgatroyd
Christina Milian -- pro partner Mark Ballas
Bill Nye "The Science Guy" -- pro partner Tyne Stecklein
Elizabeth Berkley -- pro partner Val Chmerkovskiy
Corbin Bleu -- pro partner Karina Smirnoff
Amber Riley -- pro partner Derek Hough
Bill Engvall -- pro partner Emma Slater
Jack Osbourne -- pro partner Cheryl Burke
Leah Remini -- pro partner Tony Dovolani
So, what do you think? Personally, I'm most excited about Snooki, because, well DUH, and Elizabeth Berkley -- because who doesn't love Jessie Spano?!? And I can't help but be interested in how Valerie Harper will wind up faring -- she'll be an inspiration for sure.
What do you think of the new DWTS cast? And who will you be rooting for?
Image via Instagram
definitely rooting for Bill Nye!!!
so it's who will win with Derek again? I'll be rooting for Bils, either of them.
Don't know half these stars. Not sure I'll watch this season. The ones I do know I don't like much.
Damn, no John Stamos. But holy moses - Bill Engvall. No idea how they got him to do it but I can't wait to see it. He might actually get my mother to watch (she despises this show, her loss). Won't say I have any interest in Snookie but other than that the rest of the cast looks pretty interesting.
Ok I've got my line up for the first three weeks, I think Bill Ingvall will go first then Bill Nye followed by Jack Osbourne (seems to me Cheryl Burke has fallen from good graces with producers, She use to get the Athletes) the Finale four: Amber and Derek, Christina and Mark, Leah and Tony with a toss up of either Corbin and Karina or Keyshawn and Shama and that is only because the Pros Derek, Tony and Mark have always been more techical and very patient with their partners. Bill Ingvall will be the worst with two left feet and Bill Nye just doesn't come across as someone who would look good in any forum of Dance and Jack Osbourne doesn't look like he has any Rhythm. Valerie Harper is the sympathy vote.
"Stars'? Really?


text:
Niche Social Networks*
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This study has been designed by Carlos Osorio (PhD student at Newcastle University Business School) and Dr Savvas Papagiannidis (Senior Lecturer at Newcastle University Business School, UK).
Online social networks is growing phenomenon, with more and more people registered in at least one of them. Among the most popular networks are Facebook, Google+, Twitter and LinkedIn. These networks are considered as "generic" social network site (SNS) offering the possibility to create groups that users with similar interests can join. An alternative option to joining these networks and groups within them is to join thematic or "niche" networks that only revolve around specific interest. In other words, instead of joining a group in Facebook about a specific interest, users could join a niche network that revolves -only- around a particular interest (e.g. a football team, a hobby or a place). Users can join multiple generic and niche networks depending on their interests.
The aim of this work is to study the underlying reasons for joining a "niche" network and compare them to a "generic" one (such as Facebook, Google+, Twitter and LinkedIn).
To achieve this, we will ask you a series of questions. Each question should be answered once with Facebook in mind and once with a niche network of your choice in mind. Before proceeding you will also be asked to pick a niche network that will keep in mind while answering the questions. Please answer the niche network questions only in relation to this network.
By completing the survey you can optionally entered in a drow for an iPod Shuffle.
Important clarifications:
• The questions that follow concern your circumstances and may be of a personal nature. You may want to complete the questionnaire in private, when you are not disturbed.
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Four rotary clubs in Durham are partnering with a non-profit to "Fill that Bus!" for Durham Public Schools on August 3.
The partnership with Crayons2Calculators brought in over $30,000 in school supplies.
The Rotarians and buses will be at two locations Saturday. One will be at the parking lot of the Sam's Club and Office Depot at 4001 Chapel Hill Blvd. The second will be outside the Renaissance Village Chick-fil-a at 7836 Leonard Drive.
Newman Aguiar/rotary club 30:44 "Certainly, they need it now
more than they have needed it in the past as supplies budgets have been slashed
and so schools have had to make due with fewer supplies," said Rotary Club member Newman Aguiar. "So, it's become really
important for the community to step up an support our teachers in this way."
If you did not get a chance to donate to this drive, dontations can always be made to the "Crayons2Calculators" organization.
In addition, over 150 local businesses will have collection bins for the public to drop off supplies.
The drive hopes to bring in over $50,000 worth of school supplies this year. The rotarians think about $12,000 of that may come
from the drive Saturday.
3221 South Evans StreetGreenville N.C. 27834
Telephone: 252.355.8500
Fax: 252.355.8568
Email: email@example.com


text:
Country music sold big numbers over the summer, with Hunter Hayes ' self-titled debut album and Florida Georgia Line 's Here's to the Good Times both earning platinum certifications for sales of one million copies. According to the Recording Industry Association of America, Hunter also scored his second double-platinum single for "I Want Crazy," while Florida Georgia Line's unstoppable hit, "Cruise," is now five-times platinum. Of note, those single numbers now include download sales as well as streams.
Darius Rucker also earned a double-platinum certification for "Wagon Wheel," and Carrie Underwood picked up gold awards for both "See You Again" and "Don't Forget to Remember Me."
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio


text: Bulk Fuel Kwigillingok Power Company Number of Tanks for Heating Oil 1 Number of Tanks for Gasoline 0 Total Heating Oil Tank Capacity (gal) 83,000 Overall Condition of Tanks Good When Fuel is Delivered June and September How Fuel is Delivered Barge Communications Water Distribution, Source and Treatment Systems Kwigillingok Washeteria Public Water System ID# AK2271700 Primary Source Surface Water System Type Community Water System Population Served 338 Water System Details URL http://dec.alaska.gov:8080/DWW/JSP/WaterSystemDetail.jsp?tinwsys_is_number=1034&tinwsys_st_code=AK&wsnumber=AK2271700 Lower Kuskokwim School District Public Water System ID# AK2270964 Primary Source Surface Water System Type Non Transient Non Community Population Served 117 Water System Details URL http://dec.alaska.gov:8080/DWW/JSP/WaterSystemDetail.jsp?tinwsys_is_number=904&tinwsys_st_code=AK&wsnumber=AK2270964 Sewage Collection Systems Refuse/Landfill Systems Native Village of Kwigillingok DEC Landfill Permit # 0125-BA002 Landfill Name Kwigillingok Landfill DEC Landfill Classification Class III DEC Landfill Permit Status Expired DEC Landfill Expiration Date 2/4/2009 DEC Landfill URL http://dec.alaska.gov/Applications/EH/SWIMS/ModFacility.aspx?siteId=258 Electric Utility Kwigillingok Power Company Power Source Diesel generator, Wind turbine PCE Eligible Yes Residential Rate $0.61 per kWh, June 2012 PCE reimbursement rate $0.45 per kWh, June 2012 Residential Rate after PCE $0.16 per kWh, June 2012 Note Wind Turbines installed 5 Rated Wind Capacity Kilowatts 450 ISER Community Data Summary https://akenergygateway.alaska.edu/community-data-summary/1405122/ Health Care Visitor Accommodations/Information Local Facilities and Utilities Transportation Facilities Kwigillingok Airport Airport Type Airport Airport Code GGV Airport Owner Kwik Incorporated Airport Use Public Airport Ownership Public FAA URL http://nfdc.faa.gov/nfdcApps/airportLookup/airportDisplay.jsp?category=nasr&airportId=GGV Runway-1 ID '15/33 Runway-1 Size 1,835 ft. x 40 ft. Runway Materials/Condition Gravel-Dirt-Good Condition Runway-2 Size Public Safety Entities Bethel Alaska State Trooper Post Alaska State Troopers Post Bethel Village Public Safety Officer Village is currently served by an itinerant VPSO. Kwigillingok Volunteer Fire Department Emergency Medical Services No Structural Firefighting Yes Marine Firefighting No Airport Fire/Rescue No Industrial Firefighting No Airlines Arctic Transportation Enplaned Passengers 0 passengers in 2013 Enplaned Freight 126,375 lbs. in 2013 Enplaned Mail 132,524 lbs. in 2013 Grant Aviation Enplaned Passengers 1,444 passengers in 2013 Enplaned Freight 11,061 lbs. in 2013 Enplaned Mail 164,019 lbs. in 2013 Hageland Aviation Service Enplaned Passengers 3,304 passengers in 2013 Enplaned Freight 99,058 lbs. in 2013 Enplaned Mail 183,722 lbs. in 2013 Yute Air Aka Flight Alaska Enplaned Passengers 1,465 passengers in 2013 Enplaned Freight 15,882 lbs. in 2013 Enplaned Mail 177,304 lbs. in 2013 Post Offices Public Libraries


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Leupold® VX-R Patrol 3-9x40mm FireDot TMR Reticle Rifle Scope, Matte
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This item cannot ship internationally.
- Details & Specs
Leupold® VX-R Patrol Rifle Scope. When you can't miss.
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Nut Dishes Huntersville NC
Huntersville, NC
Mon-Sat 7 AM - 11 PM
Cornelius, NC
Mon-Sat 7 AM - 11 PM
Charlotte, NC
Monday-Thursday 9am - 7pmFriday 9am - 8pm
Saturday 9am - 7pm
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Mon-Fri:8:00 am - 10:00 pm
Sat:8:00 am - 10:00 pm
Sun:8:00 am - 10:00 pm
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Monday-Friday: 9:00 am - 9:00 pm Saturday: 9:00 am - 7:00 pm Sunday: 10:00 am - 6:00 pm
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Monday-Thursday 9am - 7pmFriday 9am - 8pm
Saturday 9am - 7pm
Sunday 11am - 6pm
Huntersville, NC
M-Fr: 8:00 a.m.-10:00 p.m.Sa: 8:00 a.m.-10:00 p.m.Su: 8:00 a.m.-9:00 p.m.
Charlotte, NC
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Charlotte, NC
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Good Nuts to Crack
By Molly Lyons
Wish you could ditch your snack attacks? Maybe you don't need to after all. Research shows munching on smaller meals throughout the day can actually help you shed pounds—but only if you choose wisely. "Nuts are a compact way of getting a lot of nutrition," says Marietta Amatangelo, RD, an integrative nutritionist at George Washington University's Center for Integrative Medicine in Washington, DC. "They provide vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, protein, and fiber." Sure these nutritional gems are generally high in calories, but as long as you don't go wild and crazy with your portions, they shouldn't threaten your weight-loss goals and, in fact, they may even help. "Because they're filling, nuts can actually keep you on your diet," says Amatangelo, who recommends eating no more than 10 to 12 nuts a day. If you get bored with the same-old, same-olds, then branch out and mix it up with these nutritious varieties. Plus, chefs weigh in on fun ways to cook with them.
Also known as filberts, hazelnuts play a starring role in desserts, pastries, and chocolates. Nonetheless, they still earn the right to be classified as a health food. A 1-ounce serving provides almost a quarter of the recommended daily value of copper—important for making red blood cells and myelin, the substance that surrounds nerve fibers. One serving also provides a whopping 86 percent of the recommended daily value of manganese, a trace mineral that helps keep skin, bones, and cartilage healthy.
go nuts: Use hazelnuts to give your Romanesco sauce some staying power, says Abby Fammartino, a natural food chef in Portland, Oregon. Blend skinned and toasted hazelnuts, roasted peppers, sautéed onions, toasted bread, olive oil, salt, and pepper until chunky then serve over roasted veggies, chicken, pasta, or fish.
These modest nuts are heavy hitters when it comes to all-important omega-3s—just a quarter cup provides 90 percent of the recommended daily intake of these essential fatty acids, which help reduce inflammation. A recent study from the University of Oslo also found walnuts to be among the highest plant-based sources of antioxidants, which are associated with preventing heart disease.
go nuts: Sprinkle walnuts over a salad or toss with roasted root vegetables. Better yet start your day on a healthy note: Make a morning porridge by blending walnuts, apples, and pears in a food processor, says Adina Niemerow, holistic chef and author of Supercleanse (Collins Living, 2008), and, if you like, spice it up with currants, ginger, or figs.
Pine nuts
Still not convinced a measly handful of nuts will satisfy your cravings? Go for an ounce of pine nuts. They're so tiny—you get about 167 of them per ounce—that you'll get more in a single serving than you will with other nuts. Plus pine nuts give you almost 20 percent of your daily recommended vitamin K, essential for helping your blood clot. They're also extremely high in manganese.
Author: Molly Lyons
Copyright 1999-2009 Natural Solutions: Vibrant Health, Balanced Living/Alternative Medicine/InnoVisi...


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Rescue crews worked tirelessly throughout the night to try to rescue the 50 year-old Douglas man who was stuck in a well, but it was too late. He was trapped for nearly 20 hours.
"About 12 feet out, 12 feet out from the fence line right here," says Dave Callahan, neighbor.
County workers spent the morning filling the 15 foot hole that claimed a mans life with dirt and sand.
"They had some dirt on a semi truck last night so apparently they were going to cover it up when they got him out," says Ike Williams, Woodrow Sapp Water Management.
Rescue crews worked tirelessly for nearly 20 hours, trying to get to 50 year old Geronimo Delgado after a well he was digging in his front yard, collapsed around him. It happened around 11:30 Saturday morning.
"He was going to dig a well, to make sure he had some water, instead of coming out of a water meter, so he started digging and all of a sudden it caved in," says Williams.
One neighbor says he saw the whole thing happen.
"My theory is the hole was dug the day before, and he jumped in the hole, and I think when he first jumped in the hole, it was enough vibration cause the cave in," says Callahan.
The Coffee County Fire Department, and a special Georgia Search and Rescue team built stability walls to keep the large hole from collapsing even further.
"Just a faint scream because they were backing us away where we couldn't get too close," says Callahan.
Officials say Delgado suffocated before rescue teams were able to free him. His body was finally recovered early Sunday morning.
Woodrow Sapp Water Management was at the home today making sure the water was running.
P.O. Box 3130
Albany, GA 31706
(229) 446-1010
FCC Public File
(229) 446-4005
EEO Report
Closed Captioning


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Petry's Progress
Jeff Petry is making some nice progress toward becoming a legit NHL defenseman. It's such a difficult process and often injury or lack of a veteran partner can send a young defender into the abyss. Petry still has his moments of chaos, but there's a player there.
Last night the TOI for the defense went like this:
- Whitney 23:03
- Petry 20:39
- Potter 18:51
- Barker 17:40
- Smid 17:09
- Gilbert 16:04
They all seemed to get a turn on the PK and Whitney spent much of the night on the PP, and as it turns out Petry led the group in even strength minutes. Dennis King scoring chances has Petry's even-strength night at 4-3. Now, we know Gilbert is just coming back and his minutes will increase, but I think you can make a case for Whitney-Petry, Smid-Gilbert as the top 4 in this group.
Meaning Potter, Barker, Sutton and Peckham are also-rans and any of them could probably be had at the deadline. More and more, Jeff Petry is doing the things required to play top 4 NHL minutes in this group. You may say that's not a big deal on such a bad defensive club, and that's true.
However, he is showing well by eye and the behind the net stats show:
- mid-pack zone start
- #2 Qual Comp
- #4 Corsi Rel
This is a young player and we should be prepared for setbacks and injuries and locusts and the plague. He does look like a winner from here. Good arrows.


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Following back-to-back weeks of relatively strong TV ratings, Friday's episode 10 of The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson came crashing back to Earth.
The recent episode of TUF 16 pulled in just 643,000 viewers, according to MMAWeekly.com's industry sources.
That's well below the season high of 1.1 million, but just above the series' historical low point of 624,000, which occurred during the fifth week of TUF 16.
More MMA
UFC and FX officials long defended the show's Friday night time slot, but has seemingly admitted defeat, acknowledging that next year's TUF 17 will find a new home earlier in the week. Recent rumors have speculated a Wednesday night timeslot for season 17, which is set to feature coaches Jon Jones and Chael Sonnen, but neither company's officials are ready to commit to anything other than "it will be a weeknight" just yet.
The move to an earlier night in the week, coupled with the drawing power of Jones and Sonnen, should provide a boost in the ratings, which have been less than stellar since moving to FX for two seasons in 2012.
Stay tuned to MMAWeekly.com for all the latest Ultimate Fighter news and updates.
That hilarious how that's news. Bellator and any other mma promotion would kill for those " historical lows" on a cable network. Get serious, wow, is the ufc in trouble. Is this really news???? Cmon quit trying to always shed mma bread and butter in a poor light and build up promotions that are pulling up massive ratings like 160,000 viewers like bellator.
Lol if the ufc went away or lost popularity than most mma websites, promotions, news shows, magazines would go away. As well as jobs for so called mma journalists. While the ufc isn't perfect, neither is the NFL. But they are the best of the best.
As the ufc succeeds so do all the imitations and aspiring websites and journalists and fighters. The fans only benefit.
© 2012 MMA Weekly All Rights Reserved.


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Coast to Coast AM with George Noory 12:00 AM - 4:00 AM
On Air Now.
This is pretty cool - although I am a little skeptical, but hey, if GE backs it, it must be at-least semi-legit!Read More »
Kimmel does this every year and it's awesome! Can't believe the way some of these kids talk to there parents. And some of them s...Read More »
Listen to these two babbling on about nothing. They're not even using actual words. Yet they continue on and on as if their in ...Read More »
Our daughter will be 4 in December and like most 3-4 year-old's she is quite apt at the "touch-screen technology." Her Aunt got her...Read More »
Part 1 of this post was last week and detailed strategies for assisting your child with executive functioning skills. If you miss...Read More »
Our twin boys just turned 2 and still drink milk 3 times a day. About a year ago, we made the mistake of mixing strawberry syrup i...Read More »
If you caught my blog post a few weeks back about how important executive functioning skills are for academic success, this article...Read More »
This video was made for Mother's Day, but it's relevant ANYTIME. Moms, dads- heck, even if you DON'T have kids this is going to g...Read More »


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Distinguished Service Award
The Distinguished Service Award was established in 1972 to recognize alumni, faculty, staff and friends of the University of Illinois who have consistently demonstrated extraordinary commitment, dedication and service for the advancement of the institution. The first year of the award at UIS was 2004.
2012 Recipient
Alumnus and governmental consultant Randall F. Witter MPA '82 appreciated the hands-on experience he received as a graduate student at UIS. As president of the Springfield lobbying firm Cook-Witter, Inc., he is helping to carry forward that tradition of experiential learning. For this reason and more, he is being honored with the Universitys Distinguished Service Award, which is presented to alumni who demonstrate pride in the University of Illinois, and whose commitment, dedication and service have significantly advanced the University. Witters firm selects one to three intern students from UIS each spring and fully immerses them in the lobbying process. But his support for the University extends beyond internships. He has advised Illinois Connection, the UI Alumni Associations group of advocates who muster political support at the state and federal levels on behalf of the three campuses of the University. He also helped organize the first UIS Under the Dome event, where high school students visit the Capitol and learn about jobs in government and public policy.
Previous Recipients
Ray Schroeder, '72 (UI)
Judith E. Everson
Helen Jane Dunn, ma '72 ehs
Shelley J. Hoffman '82 CBM
Karen Hasara '72 EHS, MA '92 PAA
Cullom Davis, MA '61 LAS, PHD '69 LAS
Mary Rechner '98 CBM
Pamela L. McClelland '90, MA '95 CBM


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42 U.S. Code § 17131 - Training Federal contracting officers to negotiate energy efficiency contracts
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(a) Program
The Secretary shall create and administer in the Federal Energy Management Program a training program to educate Federal contract negotiation and contract management personnel so that the contract officers are prepared to—
(2) conclude effective and timely contracts for energy efficiency services with all companies offering energy efficiency services; and
(b) Schedule
Not later than 1 year after December 19, 2007, the Secretary shall plan, staff, announce, and begin training under the Federal Energy Management Program.
(c) Personnel to be trained
Personnel appropriate to receive training under the Federal Energy Management Program shall be selected by and sent for the training from—
(7) all other Federal agencies and departments that enter contracts for buildings, building services, electricity and electricity services, natural gas and natural gas services, heating and air conditioning services, building fuel purchases, and other types of procurement or service contracts determined by the Secretary, in carrying out the Federal Energy Management Program, to offer the potential for energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions if negotiated with taking into account those goals.
(d) Trainers
Training under the Federal Energy Management Program may be conducted by—
(1) attorneys or contract officers with experience in negotiating and managing contracts described in subsection (c)(7) from any agency, except that the Secretary shall reimburse the related salaries and expenses of the attorneys or contract officers from amounts made available for carrying out this section to the extent the attorneys or contract officers are not employees of the Department; and
Source(Pub. L. 110–140, title V, § 517,Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1659.)
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