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Once again, the San Jose Sharks are on the top of the list in terms of identifying and developing talent for the NHL. You only have to look at the last couple of seasons as an example of their prowess with the likes of Marc-Edward Vlasic, Milan Michalek, Devin Setoguchi, Joe Pavelski, Marcel Goc and traded draft picks Ty Wishart, Matt Carle, Steve Bernier, Christian Ehrhoff and Josh Gorges becoming valuable assets to other organizations. That does not include Marco Sturm and Brad Stuart in the Joe Thornton trade in 2006.
The continuous depth of the farm system is what will make the Sharks a long-term contender in the NHL similar to the Detroit Red Wings of the nineties. One NHL scout from another organization who chose to remain anonymous made a valid point when he stated "It has been their 1st round successes from 1994 to 2003 that has made a huge difference where 10 out those 12 players are in the NHL and the other is a rookie in the AHL and other organizations usually average a 50% success rate on first rounders". It has not only been the first round draft picks that have made an impact the later round choices that can push an organization over the top. When discussing the Sharks later round gems like Evgeni Nabokov, Mikka Kiprusoff and Vesa Toskala in goal and Christian Ehrhoff on defense along with Mark Smith up front. The scout said "They continually find players with attributes to play the pro game, but they generally are patient with their development as well which makes just as much difference as finding them".
Look for Lukas Kaspar and Mike Morris to get some ice time and a limited roster spot perhaps year or the next if they can be consistent. Although they have Logan Couture and Jamie McGinn they could use another couple forwards with skill to eventually replace Kaspar and Morris if they do not develop. The defense has a strong prospect in Nick Petrecki but lacks the depth in this area and it is something that should be addressed. Good potential and incredible depth in net with Tomas Greiss, Taylor Dakers, Tyson Sexsmith, Alex Stalock, Timo Pielmeier and Harri Sateri.
Currently they have four first round picks within this top ten list along with a host of later round sleepers with potential to make the roster in a few years. General Manager Doug Wilson has been in a favorable position at trade deadline time as he has a wealth of players and developing prospects to negotiate with. Now that some of the depth has been traded away to win now, the scouting department will need to replenish the ranks over the next two years.
Logan Couture - Center, 19 (1st round 9th overall 2007)Currently with Ottawa (OHL)A fourth year junior who is on the cusp of a NHL lineup has been undervalued and under estimated due to his lack of exposure and appearance at the WJC. Showed a tremendous amount of resolve and character considering he battled through mononucleosis and a leg injury and only missed 14 games that year. With a perpetual low energy level he still was one of the most dangerous players on the ice every night. Understands the game well and does allot of the little details well and makes simple plays to maintain possession or stop an opportunity. Is a good skater and has enough quickness to win races to loose pucks or sneak by defenders. At 6 foot 0 and 195 pounds Couture will need to continue to get stronger and with an injury free off-season could realistically push a veteran off the roster in 2009-2010. At the time of this report he had 183 games played with 213 points to his credit along with 113 penalty minutes so he is not considered a wall flower. Tim Burke the Sharks Director of Amateur Scouting has been happy with his development and his play at the Sharks camp "His puck protection is better and his shot has really improved and we like where he is at right now".
He has the puck skills and passing ability to be a top two line center in the NHL and a consistent point producer 5 on 5 or on the powerplay. Is considered one of the best defensive forwards with skill among his peers and his willingness to block shots and sacrifice for the team has not gone unnoticed. Has missed some games in each season to injury so he must show he can be durable in the future. He has the potential to develop into a top six forward and a reliable two-way center that shows the ability to be clutch. Of his 75 goals scored so far in the OHL 41 goals have been clutch goals which are short handed, game winning, first goals and insurance goals. That works out to 54.6% of his goals have a significant impact on the game which is a true measure of his efficiency when on the ice. Tim Burke best describes him best "I do not think he is the type of guy that is attractive like dynamic but when you watch everything he does in a game you really appreciate him, Logan is the type of guy that is going to play every play and stay in every zone and he not going to say I am going to get 100 points for me and that is what coaches really like about him"
Nick Petrecki - Defense, 19 (1st Round 28th overall 2007)Currently with Boston College (NCAA)A big fast skating defenseman that likes to play rough is the easiest way to describe Petrecki, but he may have the potential to be better. He has the size and strength at 6 foot 3 and 215 pounds to control the front of the net in the NHL and is hard to beat along the boards with his competitive and aggressive nature. What is most impressive is his power to weight ratio which is off the charts from working with his father as a masonry haling bricks around all day. His work ethic and strong family background has given him the personal accountability to develop into a solid pro for a decade or more. Is a pretty good skater for a defenseman and has improved his agility and two-step quickness to handle smaller quick forwards at the college level.
In the defensive zone he is as solid as you can get and shuts down oppositions top lines. He can be a too overaggressive sometimes which can get himself into trouble with penalties and being out of position. He is an above passer with decent puck skills. He slapshot has power and must be in the 90's and he keeps it low forwards to tip. He decision making at times along with his hockey sense vs. aggressive nature are the concerns. He has racked up some impressive penalty minute totals with 287 pims in 107 games while in the USHL and 102 pims in 42 games as a freshman last season.
He is not expected to produce or start much offensive from the blueline but what he can do is intimidate and scare the oppositions with devastating body checks. One thing is for certain forwards will not like to play against him ever as he will make them pay a price even if it cost him a penalty once in a while. It is not surprise Bryan Marchment who is a member of the Sharks scouting and player development staff loves how this kid plays. He should be a lock for the USA WJC this Christmas in Ottawa where they need him to counter the lager skilled forwards.
Jamie MCGinn- Left Wing, 20 (2nd round 34th overall 2006)Currently with Worchester/San Jose (AHL/NHL)Does not possess big league size at 5 foot 11 and 185 pounds but competes and finds a way to get the job done. In 243 games with the Ottawa 67's he produced 226 points and tallied 251 penalty minutes. He has a knack for scoring short handed goals and his keen hockey sense allows him to see developing plays and make a jump on the puck carrier. The good thing is he is tenacious and plays a tough greasy game but he will need to get stronger and work on every aspect of his game. He has a sneaky right handed shot that comes off his stick quickly and his two step quickness allows him to beat players to loose pucks and create separation when defenders are close. Comes from a good program and is well coached. He got a small taste of the AHL and pro hockey at the end of the last year which helped him adjust to pro hockey this year. He played only 6 games in the AHL posting 4 goals and 1 assist before getting called up to the NHL. He has not looked out of place so far in the NHL but it remains to be seen whether he will finish the season or be sent down for further development. He should develop into a solid top nine forward in the NHL in the next year or two.
Lukas Kaspar - Left Wing, 23 (1st round 22nd overall 2004)Currently with Worchester (AHL)The skilled winger with the crazy hair did not quite lived up to expectations over the past two seasons especially. His offensive numbers were decent for a rookie as he put up 36 points in 76 games in the AHL 2005-2006 season. The Sharks were hoping with patience that another year or two in the AHL on the top two lines would allow him to work on his consistency and defensive game but it just has not happened. Over the past two seasons he has only picked up 81 points in 151 games and has not shown the hockey sense and ability to make offensive plays at a high tempo. He has the size at 6 foot 2 and 200 pounds and the foot speed to compete at the NHL level he just needs to round out the rest of his game. To his credit he competes most nights and is not a pushover tallying 196 penalty minutes over the past three seasons. Could he develop into a role player at the NHL is a serious question, but he is quickly turning into an AHL journeyman and will be off the prospects list very soon.
Mike Morris - Right Wing, 25 (1st round 27th overall 2002)Currently with Worchester (AHL)The only reason Mike Morris is on this list as a 25 year old is due to injury and time missed otherwise he would have been gone after his 23rd birthday. After a frustrating season in 2005-06 where he missed the entire year due to injury at Northeastern University, Morris has been looking to rebound. On top of that he only played 9 games last year in the AHL due to injury which has compounded the problem. At 6 foot 1 and 185 pounds he might want to add a little more strength and weight to his frame so he does not wear down as the season progresses. He has shown good hockey sense and vision with some ability to put the puck in the net. He has shown some versatility by playing some center this year instead of on the wing. He has continued to have injury problems and has disrupted his development. He is an unknown factor to a degree until he plays a full season in the AHL to determine his potential. So far he has 8 points in 9 games this season in the AHL so everyone in the Sharks organization is holding their breath.
Thomas Greiss - Goalie, 22 - (3rd round 94th overall 2004)Currently with Worchester (AHL)The German netminder has left his homeland in 2006 -2007 after a excellent season Kolner Haie to start his career in North America. In his rookie season his development has slowed as he adjusts to the speed and angles of the North American game. He has shown athleticism and good lateral movement and decent overall technique. He anticipates the play well but could be more patient and having a goalie consultant will work out any bad habits. Over his past two seasons he has played 84 games with a record of 44-33-7 with a GAA of 2.84 and .902 save percentage which are respectable numbers. His inconsistencies are the main reason his save percentage is not higher and he has no shutouts and he has not established whether he can carry a team or become a NHL caliber netminder yet. At 6 foot 1 and 200 pounds he has decent size so he just needs another year or two year in the minors to work out his game.
Tyson Sexsmith - Goalie, 19 (3rd round 91st overall 2007)Currently with Vancouver (WHL)A solid 6 foot 0 and 210 pound netminder who shows poise and composure on fire with big game presence. Has good fundamentals in his movement around the crease and generally keeps a compact frame. Has good vision and can track pucks in traffic. Is a solid skater and has quick feet with good recovery and gives himself a chance to make every save. Shows a quick glove hand and uses his blocker well and directs pucks well with his stick. Sometimes loses his focus and can let in soft goals and tends to play to far back in his crease when things are not going well. He has had two good regular seasons averaging 1.83 GAA and a .913 save percentage along with an impressive 84-23-16 record as a starter. Had a great playoff run in 2006-2007 winning the Memorial Cup. An invite to the Canada WJC camp was another good experience for this young goaltender with potential to make the team. He could be a solid pro due to his work ethic and dedication to his craft.
Alex Stalock - Goalie, 21 (4th round 120th overall 2005) Currently with Minnesota-Duluth (NCAA)The 6 foot 0 and 185 pound netminder rebounded well from a tough freshman season where he went from a 3.31 GAA and a .881 SV% to 2.35 GAA and .914 SV% in his sophomore year. He showed better poise and confidence in his sophomore season and remained in position and a compact frame consistently. Once he started from the right position he made saves easier and with less effort and less recovery time. Is an excellent skater which helps him get out to loose pucks and scramble if needed and is above average in his puck handling skills. So far this season he seems to have continued where he left off last season and shown improvement in his rebound control and tracking the puck trough traffic. He should play all four years at Minnesota-Duluth as there is no need to rush his development especially with the log jam of goalies in the system.
Timo Pielmeier - Goalie, 19 (3rd round 83rd overall 2007)Currently with Shawinigan (QMJHL) The German native is in his second season in the QMJHL and has perhaps surprised many with his solid performance and quick adjustment to the North American game. Now the game in Germany is not entirely different but the change of speed and the angles usually make things difficult for goalies coming over. A lanky and thin goalie at 6 foot 0 and 165 pounds that will need to add some muscle and strength to his frame to reduce injury and fatigue. Once the body goes the concentration and focus usually follows so long term that will have to be addressed. Fortunately despite his lack of girth he does not leave much space and remains in a compact frame and uses his angles well while being aggressive at the appropriate time. Shows good quickness and lateral movement with surprising rebound control for a young netminder. Flashes a quick glove hand and has been improving his work on the blocker side. His statistics were solid last year with the St. John's Fog Devils sporting a 23-22-4 record with a 3.00 goals against average and a .909 save percentage. Now after changing teams this season he has exploded early on with .932 save percentage over 13 games and he will be watched closely to see if he can maintain it. If the Sharks are patient with him and he does not get lost in the system he could be a future pro goalie for them one day but at what level is still uncertain.
Justin Daniels - Center, 19 (3rd round 62nd overall 2008)Currently with Sioux City (USHL)A lanky pivot at 6 foot 2 and 175 pounds that has not quite filled out his frame yet but looks to have some surprising upside. The Sharks also drafted his twin brother Drew a right winger in the 7th round so if some luck is on San Jose's side they could have a brother combination. Shows some decent hockey sense and the ability to use his options in the passing game and seems to have the pucks skills to create time and space for himself and his linemates. He skates well and his stride and that extra gear that every player needs should develop as he gets stronger. He displays a good work ethic but needs to be a little more selfish with the puck and shoot more often. Is committed to Northeastern University next season so hopefully has better luck than Mike Morris. Is a longer term project and it will be interesting to see how he develops in a tougher more competitive league next year.
Harri Sateri - Goalie, 18 (4th round 106th overall 2008)Currently with Tampere (Finland)One of the most likely regarded goaltenders in last years draft dropped to the fourth round and could end up being a steal for the Sharks one day. He will be a fan and broadcast announcer favorite due to his name and style. He has good size at 6 foot 1 and 190 pounds with the quickness to cover the net especially down low. Shows good overall mechanics and remains in a compact frame in the crease setting up for the shot fairly quickly. Shows a bit of flair for the dramatic when making a save and sometimes should just make the save. Like all young goalies he needs to work on his rebound control and consistency but the talent is there. Does not have a great glove hand but he shows pretty good eye hand coordination when catching the puck or deflecting pucks with his blocker. So far early in this season he has elevated his game to another level and working with the pros should help push his development faster along than his peer group. Is in no rush to come over to North America due to the number of netminders in the system.
Taylor Dakers - Goalie, 22 (5th round 140th overall 2005)Currently with Worchester (AHL)Although he has not played many games in the WHL over his three seasons with 89 appearances his statistics are quite respectable. He posted 49 wins, 32 losses, and 3 ties along 13 shutouts and a solid .915 save percentage. He is lanky at 6 foot 2 and 170 pounds but he can manage to leave the shooter very little space. He has decent fundamentals and cuts off the angles and remains square. In his rookie pro season he has split time between Worchester in the AHL and Phoenix in the ECHL. He needs time to adjust to the speed of the AHL with some time in the ECHL to get back to the basics and gain confidence. He should get more playing time next season in the AHL once Tomas Greiss moves up to the NHL and the consistency should help his confidence. Has yet to show he can play at the AHL with consistency and the remaining group of goaltenders is going to push him out if he does not have a solid season. Most likely will be a journeyman AHL goalie at this stage of his development.
When looking at the drafting and developing record of a NHL organization it becomes an interesting blend of statistics and circumstances with perhaps some luck thrown in for good measure. Most of the time the General Manager receives kudos for a teams fortunes at the draft table when in reality it is usually never the case in today's NHL. For the most part there are three aspects that make the whole process work; first is the amateur scouting department's ability to evaluate and project talent which may be the most challenging of all. Next the organizations player development department must attempt to mold the prospects by giving the players tools to enhance his talents. Perhaps most importantly is the prospects responsibility to pay the price and sacrifice which generally requires a tremendous work ethic. If one of these aspects fails then the likelihood of a prospect turning into an asset to his organization and having a NHL career becomes remote.
The reason for the analyzing the years from 1997 to 2003 is to first give each NHL organization five years to develop their prospects as players from different leagues evolve differently. Secondly the years from 1997-2003 are the players that should be the building blocks of the core of your team as they will be in the 23-29 year old age range. What makes each organization unique is what they do with the picks they have as management will often trade draft choices for immediate help on their NHL and AHL teams. Now some players may be real late bloomers and eventually make the criteria set in this analysis down the road but at this stage it is fascinating to see the results such as Ryan Clowe.
Criteria of NHL games played that deem a player has been drafted and developed successfully
San Jose Sharks Prospects 1997-2003
Total: 7yrs - 54 draft picks - 17 NHL Players = 31.5% success rate
1st rnd Draft Choices: 8 total picks Undeveloped Prospects - Mike Morris 2002 (1/27)7yrs -8 draft picks - 7 NHL Players = 87.5% success rate
2nd rnd Draft Choices: 5 total picks Undeveloped Prospects - Tero Maatta, Dan Spang, Josh Hennessy7yrs -5 draft picks - 2 NHL Players = 40.0% success rate
3rd rnd Choices: 3 total picks Undeveloped Prospects - Eric LaPlante, Mark Concannon, Jonas Fielder7yrs -3 draft picks - 0 NHL Players = 0.0% success rate
Total: 7yrs -16 draft picks - 9 NHL Players = 56.3% success rate in first 3 rounds
First Three Rounds - Developed vs. Prospects/NA vs. EuroDeveloped players: (11) North American, (6) EuropeanUndeveloped Prospects: (6) North American, (1) European
4th rnd to 9th rnd Choices: 38 total picks 7yrs - 38 draft picks - 8 NHL Players = 21.0% success rate
Shane Malloy provides hockey prospect insight and analysis on his Prospect Insider feature on TSN.ca, Canada's leading sports website. Many sports networks, hockey magazines and major newspapers have drawn upon his expertise and knowledge. His passion for the game and involvement in grass roots hockey from the junior hockey to the National Hockey League is evident. He is currently a host and hockey event reporter on XM Sirius Satellite Radio (Home Ice 204) where he co-hosts a hockey radio show on Hockey Prospects and the Business of Hockey.
Prior to joining TSN, Malloy was the columnist-covering prospects for NHL.com for two years and a NHL and prospect columnist Fox Sports.com for six years.
This document is the intellectual property of Shane Malloy and cannot be used or duplicated in anyway without expressed written consent. Any use of this document without the expressed written consent of Shane Malloy will result in public exposure and legal prosecution.
First Round Selections
Draft Order: Round 2 - 7
Craig reminisces: Jamie Langenbrunner and Jeff Friesen draft stories. Plus Ho-Sang, Reinhart and scouting short lists.
Craig explains his projected top 5, and Ryan Jankowski talks about building the U17, U18 and U20 Teams Canada.
Richard Griffin speaks about the Blue Jays' pursuit of starting pitcher Ervin Santana, the health of Melky Cabrera and Jose Reyes, and more.
2014-15 CS Futures List
July Listing: North American | International
2013-14 CS Final Rankings
North American: Skaters | Goaltenders
European: Skaters | Goaltenders
2013-14 CS Mid-Term Rankings
ISS regularly feature and ranks the top NHL draft eligible players from the CHL, NCAA and Europe.
Final Rankings - June 3


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Jack Links Peppered Beef Jerky Peg Bag - 3.25 oz. Bag - 8 ct.
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subset: commoncrawl


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So I guess that answers that question. Not only is Aaron Rodgers not secretly married, he's not with Jessica Szohr. Us Weekly, who originally broke the 'Rodgers is now with Olivia Munn' story, posted a kissy-face pick on Friday HERE
So yeah, there you go.
Unfortunately this was not a good-bye, see ya later kiss at the airport as Rodgers was checking in for his flight to the Jordy Nelson Charity Softball Game. Sad trombone. :(
Tease Image:By Jeff Belmonte from Cuiab, Brazil (Flickr) [CC-BY-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons


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Blue Bomber Report Record: 6–6–0
Winnipeg Free Press - ONLINE EDITION
No contract offered to Clement: Bombers
The Winnipeg Blue Bombers are denying that they have made a contract offer to Chase Clement, a former record-setting quarterback at Rice University who walked out on the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 2009, saying the CFL "wasn't the game I wanted to play."
While the Bombers have had discussions with Clement, team spokesman Darren Cameron said Tuesday morning that the 26-year-old NCAA record-holder has not worked out for the Bombers and has not been offered a contract.
The Bombers held workouts in the U.S. for three different quarterbacks last week and are known to be in discussions with at least two others, including Clement. But Cameron said none of the QBs has been made a contract offer and Bombers GM Joe Mack would have no formal comment on Clement or any of the other quarterbacks the team has had discussions with until one has been formally signed.
Joseph Duarte, the Rice University beat writer for the Houston Chronicle, tweeted Monday night that Clement "has an offer on the table from the CFL's Winnipeg Blue Bombers."
Clement has a bizarre history with the CFL. Signed to a two-year deal by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on June 2, 2009, Clement showed up for training camp and lasted a grand total of one practice in Hamilton before quitting on June 6, 2009 and returning home to Texas.
At the time, Clement told the Houston Chronicle's Jerome Solomon than the CFL just wasn't to his liking and he decided to return home after praying.
"I just did not feel like it was the best situation for me," Clement said about his two days in Hamilton. "I prayed about it and came to the conclusion it wasn't the place I needed to be.
"The rules there are different, the game is different; just not the game I grew up playing and loving. It wasn't the game I wanted to play."
Clement told the Chronicle at the time that he was leaving football behind and had taken a job with a financial services company.
But his retirement was short-lived, as Clement went on to play for the Las Vegas Locomotives of the UFL the following year. He worked out for the Houston Texans in late 2011 and also had workouts last winter with the San Francisco 49ers and Jacksonville Jaguars.
Clement and former Rice wide receiver Jarett Dillard hold the NCAA Division Divison I record for career touchdowns between a quarterback and receiver with 51 and Clement is also tied with former Heisman Trophy winner Matt Leinart for career NCAA touchdown passes with 99.
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Right back at you. Copycat! Meet Rick, from the upcoming reboot of Splatterhouse. Why does Naruto always look so angry? I don't think my living room
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Reviewing a MMORPG like WildStar is quite an undertaking. It probably has the most content of any MMO at launch, and...
Right back at you. Copycat! Meet Rick, from the upcoming reboot of Splatterhouse. Why does Naruto always look so angry? I don't think my living room
Could that be Mario's dad over on the right? This overgrown hampster ball is actually a controller. Trust me, every home will have one for Christmas.
Kinetic and Beautiful. Those are the two words Nexon is using to describe Dragon Nest, their upcoming MMO that is set to offer a whole different expe
It took weeding through the rough areas of the garden to find a few MMO gems. E3 had some games that were less than expected, some that were expected
Showcasing a pre-alpha build of Battlestar Galactica Online, Big Point wants to take the world by surprise with the space-based MMO that is in collab
It's been a year since last seeing The Agency, a spy-based massively multiplayer game from Sony Online Entertainment and what a difference a year m
"In DC Universe Online, it's about you … It's about your story … You are the next legend."That was the preamble to the booth meeting focu
Expectations can be a dangerous thing - especially when the event flies so low under them. Such was the case with the floor showing of Final Fantasy
Become King in this new free-to-play MMORPG
One of the first lessons I learned while speaking to Realtime Worlds is that APB is not Grand Theft Auto as an MMO. The comparison was met with more
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When confronted with a downhill lie, you must go through your "mental checklist" to assure a good shot: 1. Choose a more lofted club; the sloping terrain will de-loft your club. 2. Set your body and weight toward the angle of the hill. 3. Ball position will be in the back of the stance because the club will return at a steeper angle. 4. Aim your body and clubface left of the target as ball flight will be slightly left to right. 5. Remember to swing easy and relax to maintain good balance.
Tips for Downhill Lies
Problem Area: Fundamentals
Series: Instruction Feature
Warren Bottke, PGA
Problem Area: Fundamentals
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When I saw this bike, I thought it was a honda with Guzzi bodywork. I was surprised when I found out it is actually a Guzzi.
I came across this bike when the guys over at Remastered Cycle & Co sent me a link to their Kwaka scrambler and asked if I wanted to feature it but I prefered this mild Guzzi custom.
There are more pics of this nice little bike here
Source: remasteredcycle.com


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Creative Writing Programs :: NewPages Guide
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
MFA Writing Program
UNC Greensboro
3302 Moore Humanities and Research Admin Building
PO Box 26170
Greensboro, NC 27402-6170
Website: www.mfagreensboro.org
Program director: Jim Clark
Program contact: Terry Kennedy
Phone: (336) 334-5459
Email: email@example.com
Degrees offered: MFA
Type of program: residency
Length of program: 2 years
Genres: poetry, fiction
Enrollment: 25
Total credits required: 36
Application deadlines: January 1
Scholarships: yes (see website)
Assistantships: yes (see website)
Core faculty: Rebecca Black, Stuart Dischell, Holly Goddard Jones, Craig Nova, Michael Parker, David Roderick, Jim Clark
Publishing/editing courses: yes (see website)
Literary magazine: Greensboro Review
Reading series: yes (see website)
Recent visiting writers: Lucie Brock-Broido, Joshua Ferris, John Irving, Tracy Kidder, Colum McCann, Robert Pinsky, and Mark Strand
Program description: The MFA Writing Program at Greensboro is one of the oldest such programs in the country. During the early years, the University had among its faculty a number of noted writers, such as Allen Tate, Caroline Gordon, John Crowe Ransom, Hiram Haydn, Peter Taylor, and Randall Jarrell. They invited other distinguished writers to campus to read from their work and to meet with students; these writers included Robert Lowell, Robert Frost, Flannery O'Connor, Robert Penn Warren, Eudora Welty, and Saul Bellow. In 1965, under the leadership of Robert Watson, creative writing offerings were formalized. Since that time, enrollment has grown, but the faculty has intentionally kept the program small, enabling students to have individual conferences with faculty.
Ours is a two-year residency program with an emphasis on providing students with studio time in which to study the writing of poetry or fiction. The program's flexibility permits students to develop their particular talents through small classes in writing, literature, and the arts. As a community of writers, students read and comment on each other's work under the guidance of resident and visiting faculty, who also meet with students in one-on-one tutorials.
Ten to twelve new students are admitted each fall. Research Assistantships are available to many applicants. All applicants are considered for the Randall Jarrell and Fred Chappell fellowships.


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Refreshing Work Space
The actual amount of things we need by our desk when we're working is quite minimal. A computer, our cell phone, a notebook and pen are the only real necessities...
Miss Vu's desk space echos our sentiment--less is more. While she may have a printer or file cabinet out of view, her work area is clear of distractions. A magnetic inspiration board with colorful tear outs, fresh flowers from the farmer's market and a handful of books for reference. And while the work zone is not bare, it appears crisp and clean because Miss Vu uses white as the main accent color. Hints of silver from the inspiration board, the laptop and the iPod docking station mix it up a bit (and pair nicely with the white accents).
Related Posts
- The Bloggers Office by Maxwell Gillingham-Ryan
- Flickr Find: Crisp and Clean Office
- House Tour: Jon Improves on the Stark White Box
(Images: Miss Vu)
15 Comments
Love the large vase
For pity's sake. I beg AT to relax the rules on use of the editorial plural when someone is writing about her own place as you are.
And now that I've got that out of my system, yes, that is a clean and calming workspace. But don't most people also need a desk lamp?
Where is the magnet board from? I love it.
what about having some paper?
what good are pencils and pens without paper?
Plus you need a cup/glass for water, a back up hard drive if all the work is on the computer, a printer for any hard copy and a filing system for any hard copy that are delivered related to the system. Or a scanner to put them on the computer...
nice set up.
and love the chuck palahniuk book, too!
How is it, that all of those dozen yellow pencils, are still exactly the same length? Either they are just for display and don't get used, (supporting my suspition that the minimalistic claims accompanying this photo are a bit exagurated) or that real workplace is elsewhere.
I'm just glad to see Santa Claus' office profiled.
But there IS other stuff somewhere, isn't there? Drawers?
Nice FAUX office. Unfortunately, some of us need more than a small computer and a few pencils. These examples are staged and unrealistic.
As much as I'd like mine to be THAT tidy, it rarely is and I have an all in one copier/scanner/printer, a full tower desktop, 2 monitors, a graphics tablet and on a shelf above, an old stereo integrated and cassetted deck and speakers on either side of monitors for audio work within the PC and on the PC I have the external HD, but I have drawers for everything else.
Oh, I have the microphone, the power strip to shut down the monitors, printer and external HD, paper punch, stapler, tape dispenser and something to hold pens, pencils, scissors etc along with an adding machine and land line speaker phone, so there. :-)
And I should say that the printer sits on the 3 drawer unit so it's not on the desk itself and the monitors and speakers are on a little shelf, allowing other items to hid underneath on the desk.
funny Steven & Chris (original "designer guys" come cbc lifestyle show hosts) have the same S & C initial mugs.
where can I put my printer that is both practical and out of view? I'm struggling with it being such an eye sore. Does that laptop not need a charger and, thus, a power strip and other ugly stuff strewn about the work area?
Wireless printer is the way to go. You can just network it with your computer and hide it away wherever.
And I agree that the workspace pictured is attractive but unrealistic. No files, no other computer equipment, no papers, few books, and not even much going on on the inspiration board. It seems more like a place to pay bills or write letters than work.
like the pic but it having 25 pens and pencils isn't a minimal desk set up at all.
i have a minimal desk; it holds nothing but my desktop computer. a few extra pens and things, notebooks and printer are sitting under the desk.


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Two men have been seriously injured within a 24-hour period after two separate industrial accidents in Abbotsford.
Firefighters had to use the Jaws of Life to safely remove an unconscious man from the operator's bucket of a scissor lift at the new Walmart under construction at the High Street Mall on Mount Lehman Road just after 8 a.m. on Wednesday.
The construction worker had been operating the lift and was crushed between the lift and an overhead canopy, said Abbotsford Fire Rescue Service assistant chief Dave Rivett.
"Unfortunately, his head contacted a sprinkler head above him," said Rivett, adding the worker was in serious condition.
The man was first transported to Abbotsford Regional Hospital, and then air lifted to the trauma center at Royal Columbian Hospital in New Westminster.
On Tuesday evening, a production worker suffered serious leg and possible pelvic injuries after being crushed between two pieces of machinery at Mutual Materials, a masonry and stone block company located in the 2900 block of McCallum Road.
A forklift running on a track at the site pinned the man against another machine, said Rivett.
A landing zone for the air ambulance was set up on site, and the man was transported to Royal Columbian in stable condition.
Two serious industrial accidents in a short time is unusual but not overly surprising given the scale of the manufacturing and construction sectors in Abbotsford, said Rivett.
"They were two totally different situations and many different situations can occur in industrial sites," he said.
"There's a large manufacturing component in Abbotsford and even though most industries take safety precautions things can occur."
WorkSafeBC is now investigating the circumstances around both the accidents, he said.


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The extended Nexus family: Google's golden Android standard
The 10 phones that fueled the big-screen revolution
iOS 8 review: Some overdue updates, but well worth the wait
iPhone 6 and 6 Plus review: bigger and better, but with stiffer competition
Moto 360 review: It's the best Android Wear watch, but that isn't saying much
Correspondences from Team Engadget out into the Twitterverse.
The percentage of electronics at the end of their lives which were recycled.
The EPA found that the percentage remained consistent from 1999-2005. Even as recycling rates went up, the amount of electronics reaching end of life outpaced the increase, leaving the figure static. (source: EPA, July 2008)
Now that we've thrown 'em off the trail, use the form below to get in touch with the people at Engadget. Please fill in all of the required fields because they're required.


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Dr. Nancy J. Williams
Professor and Director in the Department of Dental Hygiene at UTHSC
Dr. Nancy J. Williams is Professor and Director in the Department of Dental Hygiene at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, College of Allied Health Sciences. She is also an Associate Professor in the Department of Biologic and Diagnostic Sciences at the UT College of Dentistry. She has served as a member of the Tennessee Dental Association's Concerned Dental Health Professionals' Committee since 1992. She has served as a consultant to the Hazelden Foundation and Delta Dental Plan of Minnesota; her responsibilities included developing educational materials on methamphetamine induced dental caries for distribution to dental offices and clinics throughout the region. As the oral health consultant to the State of Tennessee's Meth Destroys campaign, she has made television appearances, been interviewed for national newspaper articles, and has developed educational information for healthcare providers related to detection and dangers of methamphetamine abuse. Dr. Williams has lectured extensively on drugs of abuse and their impact on the dental office family. She has spoken on the topic of drug abuse at the Midsouth Dental Congress, ADA's Conference on the Well Being of Dentist, ADHA's Center for Life Long Learning and other regional, national, and international meetings. In June of 2010 she attended the week long University of Utah's program on Alcoholism and Chemical
Chemical Dependency
This course will provide an overview of addiction and how this disease affects society and our practices. Behavioral and systemic health problems and intraoral signs of drug abuse are included. This course also includes an overview of street drugs and abuse of prescription medications.
- Discuss a chronic disease model used to explain addiction or drug dependency.
- Identify commonly abused prescription medications and street drugs and their related systemic health effects.
- Identify intraoral manifestations of drug abuse.
- Discuss the oral health team's ethical role in identifying and assisting patients who are chemically dependent.


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Home gardens sought for Crosslake in Bloom tour
The Crosslake in Bloom committee is seeking home gardens in Crosslake to be a part of the July 18 garden tour.
Whether vegetable, flower, shoreland restoration or water features, gardens on the tour do not need to be "over the top" but rather gardens that can be enjoyed on the tour and offer ideas that participants can incorporate in their own yards.
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&event=subscriber/lookup.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at email@example.com and we can help you.


text:
- Home
- Find a degree
- Applying and entry
- Fees and funding
- Careers and employability
- Life at UCL
Digital prospectus
Ancient History MA
The Ancient History MA is an intercollegiate degree programme of the University of London. It provides the opportunity to explore disciplines useful to ancient historians and to investigate auxiliary techniques which cannot usually be learned in a first degree, including archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, papyrology, and textual criticism.
Mode of study
- Full-time 1 year
- Part-time 2 years
Tuition fees
- UK/EU Full-time: £8,500
- UK/EU Part-time: £4,250
- Overseas Full-time: £16,750
- Overseas Part-time: £8,500
Application date
- All applicants: 1 August 2014
More details in Application section.
What will I learn?
Students gain a thorough grounding in the key aspects of and approaches to ancient history. They develop the ability to assess historical evidence critically and synthesise historical data from printed, manuscript, archaeological, numismatic, epigraphic, and papyrological sources, and are equipped with the tools necessary for further research in this field.
Why should I study this degree at UCL?
UCL History enjoys an outstanding international reputation for its research and teaching.
UCL has one of the world's strongest traditions of research in Ancient History, from the Ancient Near East to the fall of the Roman Empire. Students benefit from individual supervision from leading historians.
Located in Bloomsbury, UCL History is just a few minutes' walk away from the exceptional resources of the British Library, the British Museum and the research institutes of the University of London, including the Warburg Institute and the Institute of Historical Research.
Students undertake modules to the value of 180 credits. The programme consists of one core module (40 credits), between two and four optional modules (80 credits) and a research dissertation (60 credits).
Core Modules
All students undertake an independent research project in the field of Ancient History, which culminates in a dissertation of up to 12,000 words.
Teaching and Learning
The programme is delivered through a combination of seminars, lectures and museum visits. Most teaching is available inside UCL, but some is held in other London colleges; certain subjects are taught by staff at the British Museum. Assessment is through unseen examinations, coursework essays, and the dissertation.
Further details available on subject website:
History Department Graduate scholarships may be available for this programme.
Scholarships available for this department
Jean Orr Scholarship
For prospective Master's students in the Department of History, and the School of European Languages, Culture and Society (studying Dutch, French or Italian). This award is based on academic merit. There is no application procedure for this scholarship; all eligible students will be automatically considered.
Carol Chattaway Scholarship
This award is for prospective graduate students in medieval historical studies. Particular consideration will be given to mature students and female students.
Furlong Bursary for MA Study in the Ancient Near East
The Furlong Memorial Trust will award a bursary each year for the best application to the MA Ancient History with an interest in studying the near east.
MARS Studentship
Arnaldo Momogliano Studentship
Margaret Drower Studentship
James Henderson Studentship
History Overseas Bursary
For prospective overseas students admitted for MA studies by 1 April, will automatically be considered for funding.
Further information about funding and scholarships can be found on the Scholarships and funding website.
Entry requirements
A minimum of an upper second-class Bachelor's degree in a relevant discipline from a UK university or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard. Knowledge of a relevant ancient language (e.g. Latin, Hebrew, Akkadian) is a prerequisite (minimum GCSE or one year's study as part of a BA degree).
International equivalencies
Select your country for equivalent alternative requirements
English language proficiency level: Advanced
How to apply
Students are advised to apply as early as possible due to competition for places. Those applying for scholarship funding (particularly overseas applicants) should take note of application deadlines.
The deadline for applications is 1 August 2014.
Who can apply?
The programme provides the ideal foundation for further research work, and will also appeal to students with a first degree in a relevant background who wish to extend their knowledge through a further year of study.
What are we looking for?
When we assess your application we would like to learn:
- why you want to study Ancient History at graduate level
- why you want to study Ancient History at UCL
- what particularly attracts you to this programme
- how your academic background meets the demands of this challenging programme
- where you would like to go professionally with your degree
Top career destinations for this programme
- Advent International, London Executive, 2009
- UCL, PhD Student, 2010
- Sotherby's, Internship, 2010
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Diplomat Desk Officer, 2011
- Price Waterhouse Cooper, Management Consultant, 2011
This degree allows students to develop an enviable range of skills which not only provide an outstanding foundation for those wishing to undertake PhD research and pursue an academic career but is popular with students wishing to go into journalism, the civil service, business, museums and heritage and the education sector. Debates, small group seminars and tutorials help students to acquire strong presentation and negotiation skills for their future career. Likewise the analytical and research skills gained by students on this programme are highly valued by employers from a range of industries. There are many additional activities available, both within the department and the wider UCL community, to help students focus on employability skills whilst they are here, for example, departmental careers talks and networking opportunities with history alumni.
Next steps
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Register your interest
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Faculty overview
Staff View
"The UCL History of Art Department appealed to me because of its long-standing commitment to critical theory, a willingness to embrace interdisciplinary approaches and a research culture in which period isn't the chief organising factor."
Dr Robert Mills
Reader in Medieval Art
Subject: History of Art, Faculty: Social and Historical Sciences
Alumni View
"I was able to develop my research interests into a more focussed package, which then helped me enormously when drafting my PhD research proposals."
John-Paul Salter
PhD Candidate, UCL School of Public Policy, 2011
Subject: Political Science, Faculty: Social and Historical Sciences


text:
This Authentic Bottega Veneta Corot Large Veneta is brand new. The stunning shade of purple is from the Spring 2013 collection and adds the prettiest pop of color to any ensemble.
Lustrous lilac purple leather is edged all the way round with signature Bottega detailing. Intrecciato woven leather design with gunmetal hardware. Very roomy, this large size Veneta will hold all your essentials and then some. Zipper top closure with leather pull accesses a beautiful cocoa suede lining. One side zippered pocket. Made in Italy.
Purchase includes Bottega Veneta mirror and dust bag.
Retail price $2,350.00. Save $851.00 with our price of $1,499.00.
SP regrets that we must institute a 5% restocking fee for any returned item. We apologize for any inconvenience.
Attention Overseas and Canadian Customers: SP offers our overseas customers a flat shipping fee of $100.00. All overseas shipping is provided by UPS Global with signature requirements; the safest and most reliable method to ensure your bag arrives safely. Shipping to Canada is $100.00 via Fedex.
Please note in the case of a return, entire shipping cost is the responsibility of the customer. In addition, overseas customers (excluding Canadian and English Confirmed PayPal users) must pay via wire, check or money order (ONLY forms of payment accepted for overseas ers). Canadian ers must have Verified PayPal account with a Confirmed or the transaction cannot be processed. Contact us with any questions.


text:
Philadelphia, PA (Sports Network) - Khyle Marshall recorded a double-double of 14 points and 13 rebounds as the Butler Bulldogs topped the Penn Quakers, 63-53, in the quarterfinal round of the College Basketball Invitational at The Palestra.
Chrishawn Hopkins scored a game-high 15 points for Butler (22-14), while Ronald Nored and Roosevelt Jones netted 12 points apiece. Nored also dealt out six assists for the Bulldogs, who advanced to play Pittsburgh in semifinal round with the victory.
Miles Cartwright led the Quakers (20-13) with 12 points while Zack Rosen contributed 11 points.
The Bulldogs took a 20-17 lead into the intermission after a low-scoring opening frame. Butler shot only 26.7 percent from the floor, while the Quakers made just 24.1 percent of their field goals in the first half.
Both sides heated up after the break. The Quakers shot 52 percent from the floor, but made just 2-of-10 from distance in the second half. Butler made 52.2 percent of its field goal attempts and converted 19-of-24 from the charity stripe in the final 20 minutes to earn the decision.
Butler held a decisive 44-28 edge in the rebounding battle.
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WTVQ.com supports children's privacy rights. All persons under the age of 13 MUST have parental permission to use this website and direct parental supervision is strongly recommended.


text:
In her first trip to the United States in more than 20 years, Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi will travel to San Francisco on September 28, to accept the Václav Havel Prize for Creative Dissent and join a range of leaders from advocacy, business, media, policy, and technology at the first U.S. Freedom Forum.
Joining Daw Suu Kyi will be Russian democracy advocate Garry Kasparov; Saudi women's rights pioneer Manal al-Sharif; Pussy Riot spokesman Pytor Verzilov; Ghanaian economist George Ayittey; Egyptian-American journalist Mona Eltahawy; drug war critic Ethan Nadelmann; artist Naomi Natale; Slate editor William Dobson; Kashmir expert Justine Hardy; Iranian author Marina Nemat; and Venezuelan press freedom advocate Marcel Granier.
TO REGISTER, please contact Alex Gladstein at firstname.lastname@example.com.
To see the official page for the event go to the following link: http://sanfranciscofreedomforum.com/


text:
LED lamp
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2013)
An LED lamp is a light-emitting diode (LED) product that is assembled into a lamp (or light bulb) for use in lighting fixtures. LED lamps have a lifespan and electrical efficiency that is several times better than incandescent lamps, and significantly better than most fluorescent lamps, with some chips able to emit more than 100 lumens per watt. The LED lamp market is projected to grow by more than twelve-fold over the next decade, from $2 billion in the beginning of 2014 to $25 billion in 2023, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25%.[1]
Like incandescent lamps and unlike most fluorescent lamps (e.g. tubes and compact fluorescent lamps or CFLs), LEDs come to full brightness without need for a warm-up time; the life of fluorescent lighting is also reduced by frequent switching on and off.[citation needed] Initial cost of LED is usually higher. Degradation of LED dye and packaging materials reduces light output to some extent over time.
With research into organic LEDs (OLED) and polymer LEDs (PLED), cost per lumen and output per device have been improving rapidly according to what has been called Haitz's law, analogous to Moore's law for semiconductor devices.[citation needed]
Some LED lamps are made to be a directly compatible drop-in replacement for incandescent or fluorescent lamps. An LED lamp packaging may show the lumen output, power consumption in watts, color temperature in kelvins or description (e.g. "warm white") and sometimes the equivalent wattage of an incandescent lamp of similar luminous output.
LEDs do not emit light in all directions, and their directional characteristics affect the design of lamps. The light output of single LEDs is less than that of incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps; in most applications multiple LEDs are used to form a lamp, although high-power versions (see below) are becoming available.
LED chips need controlled direct current (DC) electrical power; an appropriate power supply is needed. LEDs are adversely affected by high temperature, so LED lamps typically include heat dissipation elements such as heat sinks and cooling fins.
- 1 Technology overview
- 2 Application
- 3 Household LED lamps
- 4 Specialty uses
- 5 Examples of Commercial and Industrial use
- 6 Comparison to other lighting technologies
- 7 Research and development
- 8 Limitations
- 9 Possible hazard to vision
- 10 See also
- 11 References
- 12 Further reading
- 13 External links
Technology overview[edit]
|This section does not cite any references or sources. (December 2012)
General-purpose lighting needs white light. LEDs emit light in a very narrow band of wavelengths, emitting light of a color characteristic of the energy bandgap of the semiconductor material used to make the LED. To emit white light from LEDs requires either mixing light from red, green, and blue LEDs, or using a phosphor to convert some of the light to other colors.
One method (RGB or trichromatic white LEDs) uses multiple LED chips, each emitting a different wavelength, in close proximity to generate white light. This allows the intensity of each LED to be adjusted to change the overall color.
The second method uses LEDs in conjunction with a phosphor. The CRI (color rendering index) value can range from less than 70 to over 90, and color temperatures in the range of 2700 K (matching incandescent lamps) up to 7000 K are available.[citation needed]
A significant difference from other light sources is that the light is more directional, i.e., emitted as a narrower beam. LED lamps are used for both general and special-purpose lighting. Where colored light is needed, LEDs that inherently emit light of a single color require no energy-absorbing filters.
White-light LED lamps have longer life expectancy and higher efficiency (more light for the same electricity) than most other lighting. LED sources are compact, which gives flexibility in designing lighting fixtures and good control over the distribution of light with small reflectors or lenses. Because of the small size of LEDs, control of the spatial distribution of illumination is extremely flexible,[3] and the light output and spatial distribution of an LED array can be controlled with no efficiency loss.
LEDs using the color-mixing principle can emit a wide range of colors by changing the proportions of light generated in each primary color. This allows full color mixing in lamps with LEDs of different colors.[4] Unlike other lighting technologies, LED emission tends to be directional (or at least lambertian), which can be either advantageous or disadvantageous, depending on requirements. For applications where non-directional light is required, either a diffuser is used, or multiple individual LED emitters are used to emit in different directions.
Household LED lamps[edit]
Replacement for existing lighting[edit]
Lamp sizes and bases[edit]
LED lamps are made that replace screw-in incandescent or compact fluorescent light bulbs, mostly replacing incandescent bulbs rated from 5 to 60 watts. Such lamps are made with standard light bulb connections and shapes, such as an Edison screw base, an MR16 shape with a bi-pin base, or a GU5.3 (bi-pin cap) or GU10 (bayonet fitting) and are made compatible with the voltage supplied to the sockets. They include circuitry to rectify the AC power and convert the voltage to an appropriate value.
As of 2010[update] some LED lamps replaced higher wattage bulbs; for example, one manufacturer claimed a 16-watt LED bulb was as bright as a 150 W halogen lamp.[5] A standard general-purpose incandescent bulb emits light at an efficiency of about 14 to 17 lumens/W depending on its size and voltage. According to the European Union standard, an energy-efficient bulb that claims to be the equivalent of a 60 W tungsten bulb must have a minimum light output of 806 lumens.[6]
Some models of LED bulbs are compatible with dimmers as used for incandescent lamps. LED lamps often have directional light characteristics. The lamps have declined in cost to between US$10 to $50 each as of 2012[update]. These bulbs are more power-efficient than compact fluorescent bulbs[7] and offer lifespans of 30,000 or more hours, reduced if operated at a higher temperature than specified. Incandescent bulbs have a typical life of 1,000 hours, and compact fluorescents about 8,000 hours.[citation needed] The bulbs maintain output light intensity well over their lifetimes. Energy Star specifications require the bulbs to typically drop less than 10% after 6,000 or more hours of operation, and in the worst case not more than 15%.[8] LED lamps are available with a variety of color properties. The purchase price is higher than most other, but the higher efficiency may make total cost of ownership (purchase price plus cost of electricity and changing bulbs) lower.[9]
Several companies offer LED lamps for general lighting purposes. The technology is improving rapidly and new energy-efficient consumer LED lamps are available.[10]
LED lamps are close to being adopted as the mainstream light source because of the falling prices and because 40 and 60 watt incandescent bulbs are being phased out.[11] In the U.S. the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 effectively bans the manufacturing and importing[when?] of most current incandescent light bulbs.[citation needed] LED bulbs have decreased substantially in pricing and many varieties are sold with subsidized prices from local utilities. At some Wal-Mart locations prices for LED bulbs have been under $1.[12]
LED tube lamps[edit]
LED tube lights are designed to physically fit in fixtures intended for fluorescent tubes. Some LED tube lamps are intended to be a drop-in replacement into existing fixtures. Others require rewiring of the fixtures to remove the ballast. An LED tube lamp generally uses many individual LEDs and may be directional. Fluorescent lamps emit light all the way around the lamp. Most LED tube lights available can be used in place of T8, T10, or T12 tube designations, in lengths of 2, 4, 6, and 8 feet.
Lighting designed for LEDs[edit]
Newer light fittings designed for LED lamps, or indeed with long-lived LEDs built-in, have been coming into use as the need for compatibility with existing fittings diminishes. Such lighting does not require each bulb to contain circuitry to operate from mains voltage.
Specialty uses[edit]
White LED lamps have achieved market dominance in applications where high efficiency is important at low power levels. Some of these applications include flashlights, solar-powered garden or walkway lights, and bicycle lights. Monochromatic (colored) LED lamps are now commercially used for traffic signal lamps, where the ability to emit bright monochromatic light is a desired feature, and in strings of holiday lights.
Examples of Commercial and Industrial use[edit]
In 2008 Sentry Equipment Corporation in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, USA, was able to light its new factory interior and exterior almost solely with LEDs. Initial cost was three times more than a traditional mix of incandescent and fluorescent lamps, but the extra cost was recovered within two years via electricity savings, and the lamps should not need replacing for 20 years.[13] In 2009 the Manapakkam, Chennai office of the Indian IT company, iGate, spent ₹3,700,000 (US$80,000) to light 57,000 sq ft (5,300 m2) of office space with LEDs. The firm expected the new lighting to pay for itself fully within 5 years.[14]
In 2009 the exceptionally large Christmas tree standing in front of the Turku Cathedral in Finland was hung with 710 LED bulbs, each using 2 watts. It has been calculated that these LED lamps paid for themselves in three and a half years, even though the lights run for only 48 days per year.[15]
In 2009 a new highway (A29) was inaugurated in Aveiro, Portugal, it included the first European public LED-based lighting highway.[16]
By 2010 mass installations of LED lighting for commercial and public uses were becoming common. LED lamps have also been used for a number of demonstration projects for outdoor lighting and LED street lights. The United States Department of Energy has available several reports on the results of many pilot projects for municipal outdoor lighting.[17] Many additional streetlight and municipal outdoor lighting projects have been announced.[18]
Comparison to other lighting technologies[edit]
See luminous efficacy for an efficiency chart comparing various technologies.
- Incandescent lamps (light bulbs) generate light by passing electric current through a resistive filament, thereby heating the filament to a very high temperature so that it glows and emits visible light over a broad range of wavelengths. Incandescent sources yield a "warm" yellow or white color quality depending on the filament operating temperature. Incandescent lamps emit 98% of the energy input as heat.[19] A 100 W light bulb for 120 V operation emits about 1,180 lumens, about 11.8 lumens/W; for 230 V bulbs the figures are 1340 lm and 13.4 lm/W.[20] Incandescent lamps are relatively inexpensive to make. The typical lifespan of an AC incandescent lamp is 750 to 1,000 hours.[21][22] They work well with dimmers. Most older light fixtures are designed for the size and shape of these traditional bulbs. In the U.S. the regular sockets are E26 and E11, and E27 and E14 in some European countries.
- Fluorescent lamps work by passing electricity through mercury vapor, which in turn emits ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light is then absorbed by a phosphor coating inside the lamp, causing it to glow, or fluoresce. Conventional linear fluorescent lamps have life spans around 20,000 and 30,000 hours based on 3 hours per cycle according to lamps NLPIP reviewed in 2006. Induction fluorescent relies on electromagnetism rather than the cathodes used to start conventional linear fluorescent. The newer rare earth triphosphor blend linear fluorescent lamps made by Osram, Philips, Crompton and others have a life expectancy greater than 40,000 hours, if coupled with a warm-start electronic ballast. The life expectancy depends on the number of on/off cycles, and is lower if the light is cycled often. The ballast-lamp combined system efficacy for then current linear fluorescent systems in 1998 as tested by NLPIP ranged from 80 to 90 lm/W.[23] For comparison, general household LED bulbs available in 2011 emit 64 lumens/W,[24]
- Compact fluorescent lamps' specified lifespan typically ranges from 6,000 hours to 15,000 hours.[21]
- Electricity prices vary state to state and are customer dependent. Generally commercial (10.3 cent/kWh) and industrial (6.8 cent/kWh) electricity prices are lower than residential (12.3 cent/kWh) due to fewer transmission losses.[25]
|Cost Comparison for 60 watt incandescent equivalent lightbulb (U.S. residential electricity prices)
|LED (Generic)[29]
|LED (Philips)[30]
|LED (LEDNovation)[31]
|Purchase price
|Power used (watts)
|lumens (mean)
|Color Temperature kelvin
|Lifespan (hours)
|Bulb lifetime in years @ 6 hours/day
|Energy cost over 20 years @ 13 cents/kWh
|Total cost over 20 years
|Total cost per 860 lumens
|Comparison based on 6 hours use per day (43,800 hours over 20 yrs)
In keeping with the long life claimed for LED lamps, long warranties are offered. One manufacturer warrants lamps for professional use, depending upon type, for periods of (defined) "normal use" ranging from 1 year or 2,000 hours (whichever comes first) to 5 years or 20,000 hours.[33] A typical domestic LED lamp is stated to have an "average life" of 15,000 hours (15 years at 3 hours/day), and to support 50,000 switch cycles.[34]
Research and development[edit]
US Department of Energy[edit]
The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 authorized the Department of Energy (DOE) to establish the Bright Tomorrow Lighting Prize competition, known as the "L Prize", the first government-sponsored technology competition designed to challenge industry to develop replacement for the most commonly used and inefficient products, the 60 W incandescent lamps and PAR 38 halogen lamps.
The EISA legislation establishes basic requirements and prize amounts for each of the two competition categories, and authorizes up to $20 million in cash prizes.[35] The competition may also lead to opportunities for federal purchasing agreements, utility programs, and other incentives for winning products.
In May 2008, DOE announced details of the competition and technical requirements for each category. Lighting products meeting the competition requirements would use just 17% of the energy used by most incandescent lamps in use today. A future L Prize program announcement will call for developing a new "21st Century Lamp", as authorized in the legislation.
On 24 September 2009 the DOE announced that Philips Lighting North America was the first to submit lamps in the category to replace the standard 60 W A-19 "Edison screw fixture" light bulb,[9] with a design based on their earlier "AmbientLED" consumer product. On 3 August 2011, DOE awarded the prize in the 60 W replacement category to Philips' bulb after 18 months of extensive testing.[36]
National Institute of Standards and Technology[edit]
In June 2008, NIST announced the first two standards for solid-state lighting in the United States. These standards detail performance specifications for LED light sources and prescribe test methods for solid-state lighting products.
The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) published a documentary standard LM-79, which describes the methods for testing solid-state lighting products for their light output (lumens), efficacy (lumens per watt) and chromaticity.
The solid-state lights being studied are intended for general illumination, but white lights used today vary greatly in chromaticity. ANSI C78.377-2008 specifies the recommended color ranges for solid-state lighting products using cool to warm white LEDs with various correlated color temperatures.[37]
DOE launched the Energy Star program for solid-state lighting products in 2008.
Environmental Protection Agency[edit]
In the United States and Canada, the Energy Star program since 2008 labels lamps that meet a set of standards for starting time, life expectancy, color, and consistency of performance. The intent of the program is to reduce consumer concerns due to variable quality of products, by providing transparency and standards for the labeling and usability of products available in the market.[38] Energy Star Light Bulbs for Consumers is a resource for finding and comparing Energy Star qualified lamps.
Other venues[edit]
In the United Kingdom a program is run by the Energy Saving Trust to identify lighting products that meet energy conservation and performance guidelines.[39]
Philips Lighting has ceased research on compact fluorescents, and is devoting the bulk of its research and development budget, 5 percent of the company's global lighting revenue, to solid-state lighting.[13]
In January 2009, it was reported that researchers at Cambridge University had developed an LED bulb that costs £2 (about $3 U.S.), is 12 times as energy efficient as a tungsten bulb, and lasts for 100,000 hours.[40] Honeywell Electrical Devices and Systems (ED&S) recommend world wide usage of LED lighting as it is energy efficient and can help save the climate.[41]
Energy Star qualification[edit]
Energy Star is an international standard for energy efficient consumer products.[42][43] Devices carrying the Energy Star service mark generally use 20–30% less energy than required by federal standards.[44]
Energy Star LED qualifications:
- Reduces energy costs — uses at least 75% less energy than incandescent lighting, saving on operating expenses.
- Reduces maintenance costs — lasts 35 to 50 times longer than incandescent lighting and about 2 to 5 times longer than fluorescent lighting. No bulb-replacements, no ladders, no ongoing disposal program.
- Reduces cooling costs — LEDs produce very little heat.
- Is guaranteed — comes with a minimum three-year warranty — far beyond the industry standard.
- Offers convenient features — available with dimming on some indoor models and automatic daylight shut-off and motion sensors on some outdoor models.
- Is durable — won't break like a bulb.
To qualify for Energy Star certification, LED lighting products must pass a variety of tests to prove that the products will display the following characteristics:
- Brightness is equal to or greater than existing lighting technologies (incandescent or fluorescent) and light is well distributed over the area lighted by the fixture.
- Light output remains constant over time, only decreasing towards the end of the rated lifetime (at least 35,000 hours or 12 years based on use of 8 hours per day).
- Excellent color quality. The shade of white light appears clear and consistent over time.
- Efficiency is as good as or better than fluorescent lighting.
- Light comes on instantly when turned on.
- No flicker when dimmed.
- No off-state power draw. The fixture does not use power when it is turned off, with the exception of external controls, whose power should not exceed 0.5 watts in the off state.
Color rendition is not identical to incandescent lamps. A measurement unit called CRI is used to express how the light source's ability to render the eight color sample chips compare to a reference on a scale from 0 to 100.[45] LEDs with CRI below 75 are not recommended for use in indoor lighting.[46]
LED efficiency and life span drop at higher temperatures, which limits the power that can be used in lamps that physically replace existing filament and compact fluorescent types. Thermal management of high-power LEDs is a significant factor in design of solid state lighting equipment.
LED lamps are sensitive to excessive heat, like most solid state electronic components. LED lamps should be checked for compatibility for use in totally enclosed fixtures before installation since heat build-up could cause lamp failure and/or fire.
LED lamps may flicker. The extent of flicker is based on the quality of the DC power supply built into the lamp structure, usually located in the lamp base.
Depending on the design of the lamp, the LED lamp may be sensitive to electrical surges. This is generally not an issue with incandescents, but can be an issue with LED and compact fluorescent bulbs. Power circuits that supply LED lamps should be protected from electrical surges through the use of surge protection devices.
The long life of LEDs, expected to be about 50 times that of the most common incandescent bulbs and significantly longer than fluorescent types, is advantageous for users but will affect manufacturers as it reduces the market for replacements in the distant future.[13]
Efficiency droop[edit]
The term "efficiency droop" refers to the decrease in luminous efficacy of LEDs as the electrical current increases above tens of milliamps (mA). Instead of increasing current levels, luminance is usually increased by combining multiple LEDs in one bulb. Solving the problem of efficiency droop would mean that household LED light bulbs would need fewer LEDs, which would significantly reduce costs.
In addition to being less efficient, operating LEDs at higher electrical currents create higher heat levels which compromise the lifetime of the LED. Because of this increased heating at higher currents, high-brightness LEDs have an industry standard of operating at only 350 mA. 350 mA is a good compromise between light output, efficiency, and longevity.[47][48][49][50]
Early suspicions were that the LED droop was caused by elevated temperatures. Scientists proved the opposite to be true that, although the life of the LED would be shortened, elevated temperatures actually improved the efficiency of the LED.[51] The mechanism causing efficiency droop was identified in 2007 as Auger recombination, which was taken with mixed reaction.[50] In 2013, a study conclusively identified Auger recombination as the cause of efficiency droop.[52]
Possible hazard to vision[edit]
Tests (in vitro) performed at the Complutense University of Madrid indicate that prolonged exposure to the shorter blue band spectrum LED lights may permanently damage the pigment epithelial cells of the retina. The test conditions were the equivalent of staring at a 100 watt blue incandescent source from 20 cm (8 in) for 12 hours; researchers say additional testing is required to ascertain what intensities, wavelengths, and exposure times of LED lighting devices are lethal and non-lethal for retinal tissue.[53][54]
See also[edit]
- LED display
- List of emerging technologies
- List of light sources
- Lux
- Photometry (optics)
- Radiation angle
- Solar lamp
- Spectrometer
- ^ Jacques, Carole (28 January 2014) LED Lighting Market to Grow Over 12-Fold to $25 Billion in 2023, Lux Research
- ^ "Warsaw Top 10". Warsaw tour Edition nr 5, 2012. p. 20. Retrieved 1 March 2013. "The National Museum in Warsaw is also one of the most modern in Europe. (...) The LED system allows to adjust the light to every painting so that its unique qualities are enhanced."
- ^ Moreno, Ivan; Avendaño-Alejo, Maximino; Tzonchev, Rumen I. (2006). "Designing light-emitting diode arrays for uniform near-field irradiance". Applied Optics 45 (10): 2265–2272. Bibcode:2006ApOpt..45.2265M. doi:10.1364/AO.45.002265. PMID 16607994.
- ^ Moreno, Ivan; Contreras, Ulises (2007). "Color distribution from multicolor LED arrays". Optics Express 15 (6): 3607–18. Bibcode:2007OExpr..15.3607M. doi:10.1364/OE.15.003607. PMID 19532605.
- ^ Commercially available 150W Halogen Equivalent PAR38 (240V). Ledlightingsupplier.co.uk. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- ^ Lonsdale, Sarah (7 July 2010). "Green property: energy-efficient bulbs". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 8 June 2011.
- ^ Elisabeth Rosenthal and Felicity Barringer, "Green Promise Seen in Switch to LED Lighting", The New York Times, 29 May 2009
- ^ "Integral LED Lamps Criteria Development".
- ^ a b Taub, Eric; leora Broydo Vestel (24 September 2009). "Build a Better Bulb for a $10 Million Prize". New York Times. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ Eric A. Taub, "LED Bulbs for the Home Near the Marketplace", The New York Times, 16 May 2010; see also Matthew L. Wald, New York Times Green Blog, "An LED That Mimics an Old Standby", 24 June 2010,
- ^ Philips Flattens the Light Bulb, Mashable, Pete Pachal, 16 December 2013
- ^ "Amazing Discounts on LED Light Bulbs".
- ^ a b c Fans of L.E.D.'s Say This Bulb's Time Has Come By Eric A. Taub. Published: 28 July 2008 – NY Times
- ^ Led'ing the way, Nitya Varadarajan, 5 October 2009
- ^ "Of the top six in Turku, led a move – HS.fi – Domestic". 19 November 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
- ^ New highway connecting Lisbon to Oporto includes first European LED based lighting in a highway, Aveiro 11 September 2009
- ^ U. S. Department of Energy, Solid-State Lighting GATEWAY Demonstration Results (Retrieved 16 July 2010)
- ^ for example, Seattle: "Seattle Picked to Lead National Effort on LED Street Lights" (Retrieved 16 July 2010); Scottsdale: "LED Streetlight Installation" (Retrieved 2010-07-16); Ann Arbor: LED street lights (Retrieved 2010-07-16)
- ^ Keefe, T.J. (2007). "The Nature of Light". Retrieved 10 September 2009.
- ^ Vergleich für Osram CLAS A 100 E27 klar, Osram CLAS A FR 100 E27, Philips Standard 100W E27 klar. idealo.de
- ^ a b Raatma, Lucia (2010). Green Living: No Action Too Small. Compass Point Books. p. 22. ISBN 978-0756542931.
- ^ A Short History of Electric Light, The Incandescent Lamp, 1900 to 1920
- ^ Guide to Selecting Frequently Switched T8 Fluorescent Lamp-Ballast Systems. RPI NLPIP, April 1998
- ^ "Philips wins Energy Star Award for 800 lumen, 12.5 Watt LED bulb". 11 February 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ "Table 5.6.A. Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector (Oct 2013)". .S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ "HomeDepot.com: Philips 60-Watt Household Incandescent Light Bulb". Retrieved 26 July 2012.
- ^ "Philips EcoVantage 43-Watt (60-Watt) A19 Soft White Dimmable Light Bulb (4-Pack)". Home Depot. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
- ^ "EcoSmart 60W Equivalent Soft White (2700K) Twister CFL Light Bulb (4-pack)". Retrieved 20 January 2014.
- ^ "Cree 60W Equivalent Soft White (2700K) A19 Dimmable LED Light Bulb". Home Depot. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ Amazon http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00I134ORI/ref=nosim/6688506-rg1112-0020-20?s=merchant&m=ATVPDKIKX0DER
|url=missing title (help). Retrieved 14 September 2014.
- ^ "LEDnovation – 9.4 Watt – 60 Watt Equal".
- ^ "Lightbulbs – LEDs and CFLs offer more choices and savings". ConsumerReports. 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
- ^ One manufacturer's warranty terms for professional LED lamps
- ^ Specification of a typical domestic 9.5W LED lamp as of November 2013
- ^ Progress Alerts – 2010, US Department of Energy
- ^ Department of Energy Announces Philips Lighting North America as Winner of L Prize Competition | Department of Energy. Energy.gov (3 August 2011). Retrieved 2012-06-02.
- ^ American National Standard for Specifications for the Chromaticity of Solid-State Lighting (SSL) Products. Nema.org. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- ^ Energy Star Program Requirements for CFLS Partner Commitments, 4th edition, dated 03/07/08, retrieved 25 June 2008.
- ^ Energy saving lighting. Energysavingtrust.org.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
- ^ Great bright hope to end battle of the light bulbs, The Daily Mail, 29 January 2009
- ^ "Switching to LED is a global task: Honeywell". 7 June 2012.
- ^ "The Clinton Presidency: Protecting Our Environment and Public Health". Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- ^ "History of Energy Star". Retrieved 27 March 2012.
- ^ Alena Tugend (10 May 2008). "If Your Appliances Are Avocado, They're Probably not Green". New York Times. Retrieved 29 June 2008.
- ^ Appendix B: Calculating color rendering metrics. lrc.rpi.edu
- ^ ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Solid State Lighting Luminaires. (PDF) . Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- ^ The LED's dark secret. EnergyDaily. Retrieved on 16 March 2012.
- ^ Efremov, A. A.; Bochkareva, N. I.; Gorbunov, R. I.; Lavrinovich, D. A.; Rebane, Y. T.; Tarkhin, D. V.; Shreter, Y. G. (2006). "Effect of the joule heating on the quantum efficiency and choice of thermal conditions for high-power blue InGaN/GaN LEDs". Semiconductors 40 (5): 605. doi:10.1134/S1063782606050162.
- ^ Smart Lighting: New LED Drops The 'Droop'. Sciencedaily.com (13 January 2009). Retrieved on 16 March 2012.
- ^ a b Stevenson, Richard (August 2009) The LED's Dark Secret: Solid-state lighting won't supplant the lightbulb until it can overcome the mysterious malady known as droop. IEEE Spectrum
- ^ Identifying the Causes of LED Efficiency Droop, By Steven Keeping, Digi-Key Corporation Tech Zone
- ^ Iveland, Justin et al. (23 April 2013). "Cause of LED Efficiency Droop Finally Revealed". Physical Review Letters, 2013. Science Daily.
- ^ LED lighting damages eyes, says Spanish investigator. thinkSPAIN (10 May 2013).
- ^ Specialists question validity of LED eye damage study. lighting.co.uk (22 May 2013)
Further reading[edit]
- E. F. Schubert (2006) Light Emitting Diodes, Second edition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-86538-7
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to LED lamps.
- e-lumen.eu – a website from the European Commission about the second generation of energy-saving lightbulbs
- LED Lighting, United States Department of Energy
- Efficient LED lighting in conjunction with low-voltage domestic solar PV and mains, earth.org.uk


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Three people were injured, including a firefighter, during a four-alarm fire Sunday night in northwest suburban Lake Zurich.
Firefighters responded at 7:47 to the blaze in the two-story single-family home at 21716 W. Glendale Rd. in unincorporated Lake Zurich, a release from the Lake Zurich fire department said.
One occupant of the home and one bystander were taken to Good Shephard Hospital with non-life-threatening injuries, the release said.
A firefighter was treated and released for minor injuries on the scene, the release said.
The fire was extinguished in 70 minutes, the release said. 19 suburban fire departments assisted the Lake Zurich fire department on the scene.
An estimate of the damage was not immediately available.
The cause of the fire is under investigation.
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National CASA's mission is to ensure that every child in or risk of being placed in foster care has a CASA Volunteer, appointed by judges to be a voice for these children in court. The result is that they are placed into safe, loving homes where they can thrive.
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Relieving Stress for MS
You can't eliminate stress, but you may be able to reduce it.
Many people with MS feel that there is a definite connection between stress and MS. Stress can make MS symptoms worse, or even lead to a relapse. And it's understandable. MS can weigh you down emotionally, mentally, and physically. But there are things you can do to help minimize the stress in your life:
Simplify your life
Try to focus on the big picture. Don't waste your energy worrying about little stuff that may not matter in the long run.
Learn to say no
If you can't or don't want to do something, don't. Make a list of what's most important to you and what makes you the happiest. Then, focus your time and energy on them.
Listen to your body
Many people with MS keep going even when they know they shouldn't. Instead of trying to push through, take a break at the first sign of fatigue. There's no shame in respecting your limits.
Share your stress
Sometimes it can help to talk to someone else about your stress. You might like to attend MS support groups in your area. Other MS patients will understand what you're going through and can offer advice and encouragement.
Regular physical activity can also help reduce stress. A good fitness routine can help decrease the depression and fatigue that can make stress worse. Please remember to consult your doctor before starting any exercise program.
Eat healthy
Depression or stress can cause people to make decisions they'll later regret, like poor nutrition choices. But proper planning and developing an understanding of what foods are right for you can actually help make you healthier and give you energy when you need it most. Please remember to consult your doctor before starting a new diet.
While MS may affect your social life, you can still make time for your friends and family. This party planning checklist can show you how to entertain with less effort.
Get enough sleep
People living with MS often have trouble sleeping, and that lack of sleep leads to fatigue. The symptoms that can disrupt sleep include painful muscle spasms, frequent trips to the bathroom, and involuntary twitching and kicking. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, talk with your doctor. There are treatments that can help.
If you're well rested, you'll be better able to deal with your daily activities. Here are some thoughts for helping you to relax and sleep:
- Doing repetitive mental exercises, like counting, or performing other cognitive exercises such as playing a game, doing a puzzle, reading, or writing
- Thinking visually — seeing yourself being lulled to sleep in a peaceful setting, or mentally putting your body to sleep 1 part at a time
- Listening to music or meditating
- Enjoying a cup of chamomile tea or warm milk, if nocturia isn't a problem
- Considering sleep medicines. But talk to your healthcare professional first. Just because something is available over-the-counter doesn't mean it's harmless.
Trouble sleeping doesn't have to be a permanent problem, so ask your doctor about seeing a sleep specialist.
Dealing with MS fatigue
People with MS are also affected by something called "MS fatigue." It's different from other kinds of fatigue because it doesn't just happen when you're tired. It can come on at any time, even in the morning after a good night's sleep. Many factors can cause fatigue, from trouble sleeping, to depression, to lack of muscular strength.
The good news is that you can deal with fatigue. As soon as it becomes a problem for you, tell your doctor — he or she is the best person to ask for help. But here are some ideas that may also help:
- Try to tackle more difficult tasks in the morning, as MS fatigue tends to get worse as the day goes on
- Focus on one task at a time to conserve energy
- Ask your doctor about physical therapy exercises that can help you simplify daily tasks or about medicines that can help reduce your fatigue
- Think ahead about the weather when you make plans, so you can stay cool. Heat and humidity can make MS fatigue worse. A cooling vest can be used to both lower your body temperature and prevent overheating. These vests range from simple designs that contain ice packs to more elaborate ones that require batteries.


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