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36th Meeting of the Ramsar
Lamentablemente, no hay versión en español de este documento
|CONVENTION ON WETLANDS (Ramsar, Iran, 1971)
36th Meeting of the Standing Committee
Gland, Switzerland, 25-29 February 2008
|Agenda item 9
Draft Strategic Plan 2009-2014
|Action requested: The Subgroup on the Strategic Plan and the Standing Committee are requested to review the latest revised draft of the Strategic Plan 2009-2014 and to advise on its further development for consideration by the 37th meeting of the Standing Committee and COP10.
Note by the Ramsar Secretariat
1. At its 35th meeting the Standing Committee considered the approach to developing the next Strategic Plan (2009-2014) and took a number of Decisions (listed below) concerning its structure, content and further development, as follows:
Decision SC35-16: The Standing Committee decided that the basic framework of the Strategic Plan should be in line with the proposals for this in paragraph 5 of DOC. SC35-9; that the plan should be specific about its audience and how the plan will be used; that some vision of the world by 2014 should be included, in order to provide the global context of the Plan (e.g., trends in global policy and governance and trends in state of wetland ecosystems); that major issues specific to the Plan period should be recognized, such as global responses to the 2010 biodiversity target and the 2015 Millennium Development Goals, and global responses to climate change; that a short summary of implementation achievements and progress during the 2002-2008 period should be included; and that there should be convergence and linkages clearly established between the Strategic Plan and other Convention planning and reporting documents, e.g., the budget, Secretariat Work Plan, STRP Work Plan, and National Report Format, with an attempt, where possible, to indicate costs of delivery of the Strategic Plan.
Decision SC35-17: The Standing Committee also decided that the Strategic Plan's five-goal structure should be retained but that, as currently worded, some of these goals are not goal statements, and need to be reworded; and that the language of the top-level section heading of the Plan concerning "Conservation and wise use of wetlands and water resources" also needs rewording to reflect the Convention's business more clearly.
Decision SC35-18: The Standing Committee agreed that the Strategic Plan's mission statement should not be amended.
Decision SC35-19: The Committee instructed that the Plan be as strategically-focused and as short and succinct as possible; that the new Strategic Plan should be less complex and detailed than the current (2002-2008) Strategic Plan; that the model of the structure and level of detail of Convention's Work Plan 2006-2008 should be followed; and that the Strategic Plan should identify and point at where more detailed sources of information exist, such as in Work Plans, action plans, etc., concerning different aspects of implementation.Decision SC35-20: Concerning time-lines for the Strategic Plan, the Standing Committee decided that the Secretariat should prepare a first draft to be circulated for comment to all members of the Subgroup in mid-2007; that following their comments a second draft should be prepared in early autumn 2007 for circulation to all Standing Committee members and observers; and that a third draft should then be provided to the Subgroup prior to, and for consideration at, the 36th meeting of the Standing Committee in early 2008.
2. Following SC35, the Secretariat prepared a first draft, responding to these matters, which was circulated to all members and observers for comment during summer 2007. In the light of comments received and related issues identified through aspects of the work of the Scientific and Technical Review Panel, the Secretariat has prepared the second draft provided below for consideration by the Subgroup on the Strategic Plan and the 36th meeting of the Starting Committee as a whole. Owing to the timing of the change-over of Secretaries General of the Convention in August 2007 it has not been possible for a second draft to be prepared for comment by early autumn 2007, as was envisaged in Decision SC35-20.
3. Concerning aspects of what should be included in this new Strategic Plan (Decision SC35-16):
i) the Secretariat suggests that the summary of achievements and progress 2002-2008 should logically be added subsequently, following receipt and analysis by the Secretariat of the COP10 National Reports from the Parties;
ii) concerning clearly indicating convergence and linkages between the Strategic Plan and other Convention planning and reporting documents, e.g., the budget, Secretariat Work Plan, STRP Work Plan, and National Report Format, the Secretariat notes that for the 2009-2011 triennium and subsequently it is this new Strategic Plan which should establish the framework for each of the other planning and reporting frameworks, rather than the other way round; and
iii) concerning making an attempt, where possible, to indicate costs of delivery of the Strategic Plan, the Secretariat considers that it is extremely difficult to make any realistic assessments for each Strategy, particularly given the fact that much of the implementation activity and the costs for the Strategies are the responsibilities of each Contracting Party.
Draft Strategic Plan 2009-2014
The purpose of the Strategic Plan
The Strategic Plan 2009-2014 is intended to provide guidance, particularly to the Contracting Parties but also to the Standing Committee, the Secretariat, the Scientific and Technical Review Panel (STRP), and the International Organization Partners (IOPs), as well as the Convention's many other collaborators, on how they should focus their efforts for implementing the Convention on Wetlands over the next two triennia.
History of the Ramsar Convention's Strategic Planning
1st Strategic Plan (1997-2002)
The Ramsar Convention's first Strategic Plan, for the period 1997-2002, was negotiated by a wide array of stakeholders during 1995 and adopted by a Resolution of the Parties at the 6th meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP6) in Brisbane in 1996. It was a groundbreaking document, the first plan of its kind for a global environmental convention, and it was seen at the time as a model for emulation by the other major environmental instruments.
Anchored by a clear Mission Statement - an earlier version of the Convention's present statement - the 26-page Plan articulated eight General Objectives that would contribute to fulfilling that mission, and then broke those eight down into 27 Operational Objectives. The Plan then itemized 125 Actions that would work towards meeting those Operational Objectives and identified the bodies within the Ramsar community that would be responsible for carrying them out, i.e., the Parties, the Standing Committee, the Scientific and Technical Review Panel, the Secretariat, and the International Organization Partners.
In the Strategic Plan 1997-2002 it was explicitly acknowledged that each Contracting Party would be free to choose the extent to which it would implement the Plan, the level of resources that it would allocate to doing so, and the pace of its actions, but nonetheless it was agreed that the adoption of the Plan represented a strong commitment on the part of all of the Parties to achieve the Convention's mission across a broad array of concerns and activities. Strategically, a very wide net was cast, but the hierarchical construction of the Plan gave it a certain sense of prioritization amongst so many areas of concern.
2nd Strategic Plan (2003-2008)
The second Strategic Plan, for 2003-2008, adopted by a Resolution of COP8 (Valencia, 2002), organized the work and aspirations of the Convention under five broad General Objectives and specified 21 Operational Objectives that were intended to achieve them. Within these Operational Objectives there were 177 actions to be undertaken, again with roles assigned to each of the Convention bodies. The list of actions was remarkably thorough.
Subsequently, however, many Parties expressed the feeling that the Plan was in fact too thorough, and that a more rigorous prioritization, as well as a tighter focus upon the most pressing issues, would serve the Convention better than an exhaustive list of desirable actions would.
3rd [draft] Strategic Plan (2009-2014)
Accordingly, with the advice of the Parties at COP9, subsequent Standing Committee meetings, and the SC Subgroup on the Strategic Plan, the draft Strategic Plan for 2009-2014 sets out five "Goals" - essentially the same five Operational Objectives as previously (wise use of wetlands, development of the Ramsar List, international cooperation, implementation capacity, and membership in the Convention) - but within those, it is now much more tightly focused upon 25 "strategies" that represent a general consensus of the most important priorities for most Parties.
Use of the Strategic Plan
As before, the [draft] Strategic Plan 2009-2014 calls for actions to be undertaken by the Secretariat and the International Organization Partners, but it is to the Parties themselves that most of the strategies are chiefly addressed. It is understood that the Parties differ substantially in their situations - in their economic and personnel capacities to carry out activities; in the conservation status and trends of their different types of wetlands; in the public awareness and political will of their electorates; in the abilities of their national Ramsar focal points, the Administrative Authorities, to influence the national and local governments; and in their existing legal and institutional frameworks - and that therefore every Party will examine the Strategic Plan closely and determine its own responses.
It cannot be said of any such Plan that "one size fits all" at the global level; each Party will wish to establish its own priorities within the Plan's agreed priorities, develop its own work plan for implementing them, and consider its own use of its resources. And when later reporting upon its successes and, perhaps, its shortcomings, each Party will wish to explain its results in implementing the Convention in terms of its own decisions and circumstances.
As they tailor the Strategic Plan 2009-2014 to their own needs and capacities, Parties will also recall that, though this new Plan helps them by articulating a shorter and more focused list of priority actions agreed by the COP, there are many other goals and actions that the Parties have committed themselves to working towards in the previous Resolutions and guidelines adopted by the COP. Parties should feel free to continue working towards those additional commitments whenever appropriate and feasible.
Implementation of the Convention at national level
It has become increasingly clear in recent years that one of the greatest obstacles to improving the implementation of the Convention and achieving its mission is the fact that the people who are knowledgeable about wetlands and the Ramsar Convention and dedicated to the wise use of wetlands are not always in a position to ensure that national commitments will be carried out.
More than ever, it is essential that designated Ramsar authorities in national governments redouble their efforts to ensure that personnel in other sectors of government are made aware of the national commitments to wetland conservation and wise use and the rationales for them. Non-governmental organizations, and particularly the International Organization Partners, can also be instrumental in helping to spread that word amongst government officials at national, state, and local levels.
Similarly, it is increasingly important for Parties to broaden their representation in Ramsar implementation, and frequently to raise the level of that representation, to involve those other sectors of government more closely in working towards the Convention's mission. In some Parties, the Ramsar authorities may come from essentially a niche office in some larger agency, possibly an agency not directly involved with environmental policy-making. In those cases Parties should take steps to include higher-level decision-making officials in their wetland policy-making deliberations.
The importance of having active, broad-based National Ramsar Committees or National Wetland Committees for this purpose cannot be emphasized too strongly. Active NRCs composed of officials from all relevant sectors who are sufficiently highly placed to be able to implement the Committee's decisions, and ideally including representatives of academia and the NGOs where appropriate, can significantly widen the sense of commitment and ownership and multiply all of the factors for success.
Convention implementation achievements and progress during the 2002-2008 period
[summary of achievements and progress to be added following analysis of COP10 National Reports]
Key issues for the future of the Convention
What is the broad context for the problems and challenges we continue to face in striving to secure future sustainable use of wetland ecosystems (both inland and coastal) and their services to people?
In the 1960s the driving force behind the establishment of the Ramsar Convention was concern over the continuing destruction of wetlands and the impact of this destruction on populations of waterbirds. Yet, almost 35 years on, in 2005 the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) concluded that "degradation and loss of wetlands (both inland and coastal) is continuing more rapidly than for other ecosystems".
It is clear that the underlying problem remains - economic development and consequent land-use change often remain higher priorities than ecosystem maintenance, despite the fact that these are closely interlinked and that continuing to destroy ecosystems and their services is essentially "biting the hand that feeds us".
Amongst key issues that are driving continued change, deterioration and loss of wetlands and their services, are:
- the availability of water to wetlands, in relation to wetlands' key roles in the global hydrological cycle;
- increasing demands for water abstraction, particularly for irrigated agriculture;
- the impacts of a changing, and increasingly extreme and unpredictable climate, and the important role of wetlands in climate change mitigation and adaptation; and
- the lack of a good understanding of the value of wetlands and their services (wetland valuation) to underpin sound decision-making and trade-offs.
There is, therefore, a key urgency for national environmental governance to shift from sectoral, demand-driven approaches to an ecosystem-based approach to policy and decision-making that affects the wise use of wetlands and the maintenance of their ecological character. The context underlying this is provided in the sections which follow.
The future implementation of the Convention to address such drivers requires that Ramsar Contracting Parties and their appointed Administrative Authorities responsible for leading national implementation engage with and work in close partnership with other sectors of government, focal points of other MEAs, and civil society in order to ensure that the role and importance of wetlands to their businesses is fully recognized when there are hard choices to be made.
The Ramsar Convention works increasingly closely with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) through a joint work plan and acts as the CBD's lead implementation partner for wetlands so as to support joint achievement of an ecosystem-based approach to future sustainability of water and wetlands. Yet much of this collaboration to date with CBD, and with other biodiversity and environment conventions and agreements, such as the Convention on Migratory Species and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), has been through global-scale mechanisms - secretariats, scientific subsidiary bodies, etc. - and there is an urgent need for closer communication and collaboration between convention national focal points to achieve joint on-the-ground implementation.
The implications of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) for the future implemention of the Ramsar Convention
The work and findings of the MA, and in particular its synthesis report to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and Water, has proved to be valuable in helping to shape the future implementation of the Convention. In particular, the MA's Conceptual Framework for ecosystems and human well-being, with its focus on "ecosystem services" and drivers of change to them, was recognized and adopted by the Parties at Ramsar COP9 (2005) as providing a conceptual framework for the delivery of the Convention's core mission of the conservation and wise use of wetlands (Resolution IX.1 Annex A). In particular, the MA Conceptual Framework provides the structure for determining where and when to apply the different components of the suite of wise use guidelines adopted by the Ramsar Parties over the years and compiled in the Convention's Wise Use Handbooks.
The MA confirmed that the ecosystem services provided by wetlands are extremely important and valuable to people worldwide - arguably with a total value in the region of US$ 14 trillion annually. Amongst the many different services delivered by and through wetlands, there are major values of a range of hydrological services - notably water supply, water treatment, and flood control - and there is also the major value of the amenity and aesthetic services provided by wetlands.
Both the MA and the Ramsar Convention have stressed that the global hydrological cycle is fundamental to the maintenance of the ecological character of wetlands. By their very definition, if there is no water, there will be no wetlands.
But the fundamental role of wetlands in the hydrological cycle remains much less well appreciated. Wetlands significantly influence the functioning of the hydrological cycle, the supply of water to people, and the uses they make of it, e.g., for irrigation, energy, transport and drinking. Almost all of the world's consumption of freshwater is drawn either directly or indirectly from wetlands, so it also follows that without wetlands there will not be the water we need, in the places and quality in which we need it.
Despite their increasingly recognized high economic value, however, wetlands are still viewed by many decision-makers as being of little value, and so there is still far too little priority given to maintaining through their wise use their capacity to continue to deliver their wide and valuable range of services. As implied above, the Ramsar community has not yet been very successful in transmitting this message at national and basin levels through engaging with the sectors with decision-making powers that drive change and loss of wetlands.
Yet there are frequently significant losses of value of ecosystem services when a naturally-functioning wetland is converted to other land uses. Such conversions are often for a single sectoral purpose such as intensive agriculture, aquaculture, or fishery, and whilst there may be economic benefits to be gained by that sector, they are frequently at the expense of those peoples and communities who have traditionally depended on the services from the wetland.
Economic valuation of the full range of the ecosystem services provided by wetlands is, however, a developing science, and there is a widely recognized need for more and better valuations of wetlands, in order to better inform decision-making on any proposals for their conversion. In recognition of this urgent need for better using and recognizing wetland ecosystem value, in 2006 Ramsar and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) jointly developed and published guidance on methods for wetland valuation (Ramsar Technical Report 3, 2006).
The MA reported that both inland and coastal wetlands (and their biodiversity) are being lost at a faster rate than terrestrial systems, with for example freshwater wetlands and mangroves each continuing to being destroyed at an alarming rate of 2.5% loss per year. Clearance and drainage for agriculture have been the principal causes of inland wetland loss worldwide, and expanding human use of fresh water means that less and less water is now available to maintain the ecological character of many inland water systems.
In essence, the MA stressed that this situation has arisen because we have given a global priority to enhancing the "provisioning services" of ecosystems (notably agricultural production), but at the expense of maintaining the many "regulating" and "supporting" services provided by ecosystems. In seeking to deliver such provisioning services, our decision-making and implementation of management of water resources have created major problems for the maintenance of the ecosystem services from rivers and other wetlands.
The ever increasing demands for upstream water are likely to put even more pressure in the future on the well-being of our world's increasingly urbanized and downstream population. Thus the declining ecosystem services from such wetlands threaten the well-being of individuals, local communities, entire states and the global community, and it is especially poorer people in less developed countries who are being most affected, since they are often most heavily dependent on wetlands for their livelihoods.
One particularly significant finding of the MA concerns the future fate of wetland ecosystems under various sectoral and cross-sectoral scenarios for future decision-making, especially in relation to achieving the UN's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This suggests that if we continue to take a sectoral focus on, for example, climate change mitigation, or one or more of the MDGs such as food security or sanitation, our stock of wetlands and their continued delivery of ecosystem services key may continue to deteriorate. Shifting to a more cross-sectoral, ecosystem-based approach, however, focusing on optimizing multiple goals (including the delivery of commitments to the CBD and the Ramsar Convention), will lead not only to significantly better maintenance of wetlands and their services but will also contribute to achieving a number of the MDGs such as those on improved water supply and sanitation and on poverty reduction.
But this MA analysis, and the more recent (2007) UNEP 4th Global Environment Outlook (GEO-4), also points up that under all such scenarios the major challenge will remain how to respond to the predicted continuing increase in demand for food production
The Ramsar Convention and water management issues
Since its inception, Ramsar has stressed the "fundamental ecological functions of wetlands as regulators of water regimes" (preamble to the Convention text). The Convention is recognized as the only global environmental treaty dealing with integrated management of important water-related ecosystems and water allocation, one which provides mechanisms for applying integrated ecosystem-based approaches at all scales.
Since 1996 the Convention has had an increasing voice on water and ecosystem issues. At COP6 (Brisbane, 1996), Ramsar Contracting Parties adopted Resolution VI.23 entitled Ramsar and water, which highlighted the "important hydrological functions of wetlands, including groundwater recharge, water quality improvement and flood alleviation, and the inextricable link between water resources and wetlands"; recognized freshwater quality and quantity as vital for maintaining coastal and marine ecosystem services, for example, fisheries; and set out a range of actions to allow countries to address the looming problems of water scarcity, deteriorating water quality, and related breakdown of wetland ecosystems
Since then, the Convention has progressively developed a major suite of water management-related implementation guidance for countries, including an overall framework for using the different aspects of the water-related guidance. All this guidance is provided in the 17 Ramsar Wise Use Handbooks, 3rd edition (2007), available on CD-ROM and from the Ramsar Web site.
Water-related handbook guidance to date covers: River basin management; Water allocation and management for maintaining wetland ecosystems; Groundwater management; Agriculture, water and wetlands; Integrated Coastal Zone Management; and International cooperation (including for shared water resources). Importantly, the most recent river basin management guidance (adopted at COP9 in 2005) incorporates a "critical path" approach to water and wetland management planning and implementation.
The Scientific and Technical Review Panel (STRP) is preparing further water-related guidance for Ramsar COP10 (2008), including further elaboration and consolidation of "critical path" river basin management guidance and incorporating further guidance on environmental water requirements. This will be supported by river basin management case studies to be published as a Ramsar Technical Report, with further Ramsar Technical Reports due on wetlands and water quality; environmental water requirement methodologies for estuaries, rivers, and non-riverine wetlands; and wetlands, water and agriculture.
Securing water for maintaining wetland ecosystem services - the challenges and opportunities
From the MA's and other recent findings it is clear that we know what we need to do: maintain wetland ecosystems for their key water services, and restore degraded wetlands to reinstate their key services to people.
We also know a lot about how to do it: there is an increasing understanding of environmental water requirements and restoring degraded systems, and the governments of the world have agreed and adopted a wealth of guidance, such as that in the Ramsar Wise Use Handbooks, that supports taking these responses. Yet both inland and coastal wetlands and their services continue to be degraded and lost faster than even other ecosystems. So what is still preventing us from achieving better sustainability of water use and wetlands?
The challenges are many, and they centre round issues of the water governance practiced in many parts of the world. Water demands are still increasing rather than deceasing, with allocations still frequently being demand- rather than supply-driven. Such water allocation and wetland management decisions still tend to be made sectorally rather than cross-sectorally through fully integrated river basin management mechanisms, such that it is often the more powerful sectors or stakeholders that benefit, whilst the poorest and most at risk continue to lose out, especially when water is scarce.
Such a situation is hard to reconcile with the concurrent efforts to deliver poverty reduction strategies in the developing world. Water allocations also continue to be made in the absence of knowledge of how much water is available, or how much is needed to maintain wetlands for their water, and frequently to be short-term reactive decisions rather than decisions based upon long-term strategies.
There are a number of currently practiced water management responses to maintaining water for ecosystems that appear to be promising. These include the establishment of legislative frameworks within which allocations are required for wetlands and other ecosystems, establishing environmental water requirements (environmental flows), developing and implementing tools for payments for ecosystem services, transactional approaches to water for ecosystems, and introducing 'caps' on further water allocations in water-scarce basins.
Yet, whilst all these seem attractive in appearing better to secure water supply for wetlands, they may at best provide some degree of temporary solution rather than addressing the underlying issue of water governance. Indeed, promoting such approaches may make it even harder to achieve such shifts in governance subsequently. Even with such mechanisms in place, when it comes to the crunch of less water being available than can meet the demands of all users, water for ecosystems generally continues to be the loser even with agreed allocations when water for direct use by people is scarce. Water laws also still generally create an adversarial situation in which ecosystems must demonstrate and justify their needs against other competing needs.
Since maintaining (and restoring) wetlands is essential for securing their vital services for human well-being and poverty reduction, water resource management and spatial planning governance and practice need to be much more based on an integrated ecosystem-based approach, thus ensuring that "integrated water resource/river basin management" really is delivered through integration across sectors. There is a need to achieve more high-level understanding and commitment to implement new forms of water and land-use governance based on this paradigm. In parallel there is also a need for better encouragement and empowerment to local people and communities to value and maintain their healthy wetlands for water.
Such issues of water, wetlands and human health are a particular focus of attention during Ramsar's 10th meeting of the Conference of Contracting Parties, with the theme of "Healthy Wetlands, Healthy People". In support of these debates, this was also the theme for World Wetlands Day 2008, and the Secretariat has issued a range of fact-sheets and information materials for WWD2008 on different aspects of wetlands and human health. In addition, a substantial technical report on "Wetlands and Human Health" is being prepared by the STRP for publication in 2008 - it will cover the benefits of wetland ecosystem services for human health, the many health impacts of disrupted ecosystem services and degraded wetlands, global trends affecting wetlands and human health, and promising responses and interventions.
Ramsar Convention Strategic Plan 2009-2014
The Strategic Plan 2009-2014 contributes to:
- implementation of the Resolutions of the Conference of the Parties;
- achievement of Millennium Development Goals, especially MDG 7 (Ensuring Environmental Sustainability) by 2015;
- the programme of the 5th World Water Forum in Turkey 2009;
- achievement of the 2010 Biodiversity targets, and assessment of this target through the Convention's ecological outcome-oriented indicators of effectiveness;
- achievement of the 2012 target for Marine Protected Areas;
- providing responses to the key issues of climate change; and
- implementation of decisions from the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD13) policies on water and sanitation.
"Wise use of all wetlands through local, regional and national actions and international cooperation, as a contribution towards achieving sustainable development throughout the world."
Implementing the Convention
GOAL 1. Wise Use. To work towards the wise use of all wetlands by ensuring that all Contracting Parties develop, adopt and use the necessary and appropriate instruments and measures.
Delivers Articles 3.1, 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5 of the Convention.
The wise use principle being implemented in all Parties, including more participative management of wetlands, and conservation decisions being made with an awareness of the importance of the ecosystem services provided by wetlands.
GOAL 2. Wetlands of International Importance. To develop and maintain an international network of wetlands that are important for the conservation of global biological diversity and for sustaining human life by ensuring that all Contracting Parties appropriately implement the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance.
Delivers Articles 2.1, 2.2, 2.5, 2.6, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1 and 4.2 of the Convention.
Parties designating and managing Ramsar sites within their territories with a view to supporting an international network of Wetlands of International Importance, fully implementing their reporting commitments under Articles 3 and 8.2, and using the Montreux Record as part of the Convention's governance process.
GOAL 3. International cooperation. To achieve international cooperation in the conservation and wise use of wetlands through the active application of the Guidelines for international cooperation under the Ramsar Convention.
Delivers Article 5 of the Convention.
Parties developing their coherent national approaches to the implementation of the Ramsar Convention in such a way as to benefit from developing effective partnerships with related conventions and international agencies and with other Parties to the Convention on Wetlands.
Managing the Convention
GOAL 4. Institutional capacity and effectiveness. To progress towards fulfillment of the Convention's mission by ensuring that it has the required mechanisms, resources, and capacity to do so.
Delivers Articles 6, 7, and 8 of the Convention.
Increasing success of the Convention in achieving the conservation and wise use of wetlands, as measured by agreed effectiveness indicators, and increased recognition of the Convention's achievements by other sectors of governments and civil society.
GOAL 5. Membership. To progress towards universal membership of the Convention.
Delivers Articles 2.4 and 9 of the Convention.
All countries eligible for accession to have joined the Ramsar Convention by 2014.
GOAL 1. Wise Use
To work towards the wise use of all wetlands by ensuring that all Contracting Parties develop, adopt and use the necessary and appropriate instruments and measures.
STRATEGY 1.1 Wetland inventory and assessment
Describe, assess and monitor the extent and condition of wetlands and wetland resources at relevant scales, in order to inform and underpin implementation of the Convention, in particular in the application of the wise use principle. (CPs, advised by STRP and assisted by IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- All Parties to have completed national wetland inventories in line with the Ramsar Framework for Wetland Inventory and as far as possible to have disseminated comprehensive national wetland inventories, including information on wetland importance, potential Ramsar sites, wetlands for restoration, location of under-represented wetland types, and the ecosystem services provided by wetlands.
- An easily accessible Web-based metadatabase in place, managed by the Secretariat, populated with information on all national wetland inventories, and linked to national and other international relevant databases.
STRATEGY 1.2 Global wetland information
Develop a global wetland information system, through partnerships, to increase accessibility of data and information on wetlands including inter alia for research and assessment and further identification and designation of Ramsar sites. (CPs, Secretariat, advised by STRP and assisted by IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- Global wetland distribution and status data and information available through Web-portal mechanisms.
- Ramsar sites data and information services reviewed, restructured and further developed for Web-accessibility.
- Global wetland observing system(s) reporting on changes in wetland status.
STRATEGY 1.3 Policy, legislation and institutions
Develop and implement policies, legislation, and practices, including growth and development of appropriate institutions, in all Contracting Parties to ensure that the wise use principle of the Convention is being effectively applied. (CPs, Secretariat)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- National Wetland Policy or equivalent instruments fully in place alongside and harmonized with other strategic and planning processes by all Parties, including poverty reduction strategies, water resources management and water efficiency plans, and national strategies for sustainable development.
- Parties to have Strategic Environmental Assessment in place for policies, programmes and plans impacting on wetlands.
STRATEGY 1.4 Cross-sectoral recognition of wetland services
Increase recognition of and attention in decision-making to the significance of wetlands for reasons of biodiversity conservation, water supply, coastal protection, flood defense, climate change mitigation, food security, poverty reduction, cultural heritage, and scientific research, by developing and disseminating methodologies to achieve wise use of wetlands. (CPs, Secretariat, STRP, IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- Development and implementation of wetland programmes and projects that contribute to poverty reduction objectives and food and water security plans at local and national levels.
- An analysis of the ecosystem services (and their values) of wetlands (especially Ramsar sites) achieved for all Parties.
- The social and cultural heritage value of wetlands fully taken into account in wetland wise use and management.
STRATEGY 1.5 Integrated Water Resources Management
Ensure policies and implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), applying an ecosystem-based approach, are included in the planning activities in all Contracting Parties and in their decision-making processes, particularly concerning groundwater management, catchment/river basin management, coastal and marine zone planning, and adaptation/mitigation responses to climate change. (CPs, STRP, IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- All Parties to have made available the Ramsar guidance on water allocation and management for ecosystems to support decision-making on water resource management, as a contribution to achieving the WSSD target on water resources management and water efficiency plans.
- Plans for the role of wetlands in mitigation and adaptation to climate change in progress or completed.
- The Convention's role in encouraging IWRM planning established as part of international environmental governance.
STRATEGY 1.6 Wetland restoration
Identify priority wetlands and wetland systems where restoration or rehabilitation would be beneficial and yield long-term environmental, social, or economic benefits, and implement the necessary measures to recover these sites and systems. (CPs, Secretariat, IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- All Parties to have identified priority sites for restoration; restoration projects underway or completed in at least half the Parties.
- New case studies and methods added to Ramsar wetland restoration pages on the Web site.
STRATEGY 1.7 Invasive species
Develop guidance and promote procedures and actions to prevent, control or eradicate invasive species in wetland systems. (CPs, STRP, other agencies, IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- Parties to have identified more comprehensively the problems posed by invasive species in wetland ecosystems within their territories.
- Eradication or management policies in place in all wetlands affected by invasive species and their results measured and reported.
- Comprehensive and up-to-date global guidance on invasive species available to all stakeholders.
STRATEGY 1.8 Private sector
Promote the involvement of the private sector in the conservation and wise use of wetlands. (CPs, Secretariat)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- Significant progress in the private sector applying the wise use principle (Ramsar Handbooks 1 to 6) in their activities and investments affecting wetlands.
- Increased private sector engagement in the wise use of wetlands and in the management of Ramsar sites.
- Awareness-raising material made available to the public to enable wetland-friendly consumer choices.
STRATEGY 1.9 Incentive measures
Promote incentive measures that encourage the application of the wise use principle. (CPs, Secretariat, IOPs)
Key Result Area
By 2014:
- Better design, implementation, monitoring and assessment of positive and negative incentive measures on wetlands in place in all Parties.
GOAL 2. Wetlands of International Importance
To develop and maintain an international network of wetlands that are important for the conservation of global biological diversity and for sustaining human life by ensuring that all Contracting Parties appropriately implement the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance.
STRATEGY 2.1 Ramsar site designation
Apply the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Handbook 14). (CPs)
Key Result Area
By 2014:
- All Parties to have prepared, using the Strategic Framework, a national plan and priorities for the designation and management of Ramsar sites, including where appropriate for transboundary wetlands in collaboration with neighboring Parties.
STRATEGY 2.2 Ramsar site information
Ensure that the Ramsar Sites Information Service, including the Ramsar Sites Database, are available and enhanced as a tool for guiding the further designation of wetlands for the List of Wetlands of International Importance and for research and assessment, and is effectively managed by the Secretariat. (CPs, STRP, Secretariat, IOPs)
Key Result Area
By 2014:
- The Ramsar Sites Information Service to have improved its functionality and accessibility to stakeholders as part of a global wetland information system, including through links between the Database, the Ramsar Web site, and other interactive on-line systems, as well as through the regular publication of special reports and other outputs.
STRATEGY 2.3 Management planning - new Ramsar sites
Encourage the philosophy that all new Ramsar sites should have effective management planning in place before designation, as well as resources for implementing such management. (CPs, IOPs, Secretariat)
Key Result Area
By 2014:
- Adequate management planning processes established and submitted with all or most new site designations or a commitment made to work towards that goal.
STRATEGY 2.4 Ramsar site ecological character
Maintain the ecological character of all designated Ramsar sites, through planning and management. (CPs, Secretariat, IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- Progress in developing effective management plans for all Ramsar sites within each Party's territory.
- Management objectives, as part of management planning, for ecological character maintenance established for all Ramsar sites.
- Zoning measures to be put in place for larger Ramsar sites, wetland reserves, and other wetlands (Recommendation 5.3 and Resolution VIII.14) and strict protection measures to be enacted for certain Ramsar sites and other wetlands of small size and/or particular sensitivity.
- Cross-sectoral site management committees in place for Ramsar sites, involving relevant government agencies, local community representatives, and other stakeholders, including the business sector in place.
STRATEGY 2.5 Ramsar site management effectiveness
Review all existing Ramsar sites to determine the effectiveness of management arrangements, in line with the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance. (CPs, STRP)
Key Result Area
By 2014:
- All Parties, using the Strategic Framework, to have reviewed all existing Ramsar sites and confirmed that all Ramsar sites fulfill the provisions of the Strategic Framework or to have identified those sites that do not do so for remedial actions.
STRATEGY 2.6 Ramsar site status
Monitor the condition of Ramsar sites and address negative changes in their ecological character, notify the Ramsar Secretariat of changes affecting Ramsar sites, and apply the Montreux Record and Ramsar Advisory Mission as tools to address problems. (CPs, Secretariat, IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- All Parties with Ramsar sites whose ecological character has changed, is changing or is likely to change owing to human-induced actions to have reported this to the Ramsar Secretariat, in line with the requirements of Article 3.2 of the Convention.
- For all sites on the Montreux Record that have not been the subject of a Ramsar Advisory Mission (RAM), intended to provide advice on the steps needed to remove those sites from the Record, Parties to request such a Mission.
- Implementation of relevant STRP ecological outcome-oriented indicators of effectiveness of the Convention.
GOAL 3. International cooperation
To achieve international cooperation in the conservation and wise use of wetlands through the active application of the Guidelines for international cooperation under the Ramsar Convention.
STRATEGY 3.1 Synergies with MEAs and IGOs
Work as partners with international and regional multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) and other intergovernmental agencies (IGOs). (CPs, Secretariat)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- CBD-Ramsar Joint Work Plan and CMS/AEWA Joint Work Plan being implemented and participation continued in the CBD Biodiversity Liaison Group.
- Joint activities developed with the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), as appropriate, including through participation in the Joint Liaison Group.
- The Action Plan of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) to have fully incorporated Ramsar issues and mechanisms and being implemented by relevant Parties.
- Additional partnership approaches initiated with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and other relevant United Nations agencies, as well as through UN Water.
- Harmonized information management and reporting systems available and widely used at national level with the appropriate MEAs.
STRATEGY 3.2 Regional initiatives
Support existing regional arrangements under the Convention and promote additional arrangements. (CPs, Secretariat, IOPs)
Key Result Area
By 2014:
- Development of viable regional arrangements under the Convention, applying the Guidance for the development of regional initiatives in the framework of the Convention on Wetlands (Resolution VIII.30), resulting in the establishment of new regional initiatives and/or centres, where appropriate, and the strengthening of existing initiatives.
STRATEGY 3.3 International assistance
Promote international assistance to support the conservation and wise use of wetlands, while ensuring that environmental safeguards and assessments are an integral component of all development projects that affect wetlands, including foreign and domestic investments. (CPs, Secretariat, IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- Parties with bilateral donor agencies to have encouraged those agencies to give priority for funding for wetland conservation and wise use projects in relation to poverty reduction and other relevant international targets and priorities.
- Proposed grants, loans, and development projects from international development agencies, including banks, financial institutions and private investors and developers, to include environmental safeguards and environmental assessments of possible impacts.
STRATEGY 3.4 Sharing information and expertise
Promote the sharing of expertise and information concerning the conservation and wise use of wetlands. (CPs, Secretariat)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- Less time required from Parties on managing information for national reports, but better quality and more timely reports produced.
- Increased flow of information made available by the Parties (e.g., Ramsar-related policies, Ramsar site management plans, Ramsar site monitoring, etc.) to the Secretariat for dissemination via the Ramsar Web site and other means.
STRATEGY 3.5 Shared wetlands, basins and species
Promote inventory and integrated management of shared wetlands and hydrological basins, including cooperative monitoring and management of shared wetland-dependent species. (CPs, Secretariat, IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- All Parties to have identified their shared wetlands; where appropriate, Parties to have identified collaborative management mechanisms with one another for those transboundary wetlands.
- Where appropriate, Parties with shared basins and coastal systems to be part of joint management commissions or authorities.
- Regional site networks and initiatives in place for additional wetland-dependent migratory species, as exemplified inter alia by the African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA), the Asia-Pacific Migratory Waterbird Conservation Strategy, the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network, and the Central Asian Flyway Initiative.
GOAL 4. Institutional capacity and effectiveness
To progress towards fulfillment of the Convention's mission by ensuring that it has the required mechanisms, resources, and capacity to do so.
Support, and assist in implementing at all levels the Convention's Communication, Education, Participation and Awareness Programme (Resolution X.**) for promoting the conservation and wise use of wetlands through communication, education, participation, and awareness (CEPA). (CPs, Secretariat, training centres, IOPs, Advisory Board on Capacity Building)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- All Parties to have established national (or subnational, catchment or local level, as appropriate) Ramsar CEPA action plans.
- All Parties to have established at least one wetland education centre at a Ramsar site.
- All Parties to have established practices that ensure the participation in the development and implementation of wetland management plans of stakeholder groups with cultural or economic links to wetlands or those communities that depend on the wetlands for their livelihoods.
- At least half of the Parties to have assessed their national and local training needs with respect to the conservation and wise use of wetlands.
- The Advisory Board on Capacity Building to have provided practical advice to Parties to assist them in their training and broader capacity building planning and implementation activities.
STRATEGY 4.2 Convention financial capacity
Provide the financial resources required for the Convention's governance, mechanisms and programmes to achieve the expectations of the Conference of the Contracting Parties. (CPs, Secretariat)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- Adequate resources and supporting financial policies in place to enable the Convention to discharge its responsibilities and priorities, as determined by the Conference of the Parties, in an effective manner.
- Clear and unambiguous budgetary preparation and management for the Convention, with the Secretariat putting the budget allocated by the Conference of the Parties to practical use in the most effective manner possible.
STRATEGY 4.3 Convention bodies' effectiveness
Ensure that the Conference of the Contracting Parties, Standing Committee, Scientific and Technical Review Panel, and Secretariat are operating at a high level of effectiveness to support the implementation of the Convention. (CPs, Secretariat)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- All Contracting Parties to have designated CEPA and STRP National Focal Points (by 2011), and to have kept the Secretariat updated in a timely manner on any changes in Administrative Authority focal points and daily contacts.
- National Reports used to evaluate and report on the implementation of the Strategic Plan at each meeting of the COP.
- The bodies of the Convention to have adequate funding and logistic support to deliver their modi operandi and work plans, as adopted by the Conference of the Parties.
- The Secretariat, with the advice of the Standing Committee, fully managing its staffing priorities and capacities to respond to key issues of wetland conservation as they emerge.
STRATEGY 4.4 Working with IOPs and others
Maximize the benefits of working with the Convention's International Organization Partners (IOPs) and others. (Secretariat, IOPs)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- By COP11, each IOP and the Secretariat to have established a programme of joint work in support of the Convention and their own objectives, including, where relevant and appropriate, joint actions by several IOPs; and by 2014 to have reviewed and as necessary revised these programmes.
- Support for the Convention's scientific, technical and policy work integrated into the ongoing programmes of the IOPs.
GOAL 5. Membership
To progress towards universal membership of the Convention.
STRATEGY 5.1 Membership
Secure universal membership of the Convention and provide an appropriate level of service. (CPs, Secretariat)
Key Result Areas
By 2014:
- Achieve membership in the Convention of at least 170 Parties by COP11 and of all eligible nations by COP12.
- Strive to make resources available to provide servicing for Parties, especially recently acceded Parties, to assist them in implementing this Strategic Plan.

subset: commoncrawl


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Drummer Warren Benbow is in New York recording a new CD with Grammy nominated guitarist James Blood" Ulmer. The band is called Odyssey after the album of the same name on which Benbow and violinist Charles Burnham combined to help Ulmer produce what many consider his finest recording.
For a sample of the band, check it out at MP3.com or Amazon.


text:
You are here: Home ‹ Board index ‹ General Discussion ‹ Site / Forum Discussion
Games closed
We are always interested in hearing what you think of JCO or come with suggestions for new site features.
4 posts • Page 1 of 1
Games closed
Just a quick one here. I noticed some of the games have been locked. How come?
"You Cant Stop Me No Matter Who You Are"
Yes, 4 of the games have been closed recently.
Its time to focus on some of the other good games. The word games I closed have been popular, and have been going on for several months and one of them almost 2 years. It looks like the same words repeating over and over again - not as funny as it has been. Good there are so many other great games in the section.
"Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues"
In theaters now! Check JCO's Movie Area Here
^ haha yeah!
Even if it was really swtupid you just HAD to post an awnser!
"No time outs. Only DEATH!"
"I don't like to brag and I won't cuz I don't have to!"
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Food As Medicine: A Feast of Science and Wisdom
James S. Gordon, MD, founder and director of the Center for Mind-Body Medicine (CMBM), former chair of the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine, and author of Unstuck: Your Seven-Stage Guide to the…
Full Bio & Programs
Kathie Madonna Swift, MS, RDN, LDN, FAND, is an inspiring educator, innovator, and practitioner in the field of integrative and holistic nutrition. A pioneer in the "Food As Medicine" culinary nutrition movement, she is author…
Full Bio & Programs
John Bagnulo, MPH, PhD, has worked as a registered dietitian, sports nutritionist, and assistant professor for the past 18 years. He is a core faculty member of the Center for Mind-Body Medicine and teaches programs…
Full Bio & Programs
Joel Evans, MD, a board-certified OB/GYN, is the founder and director of the Center for Women's Health, where he practices integrative obstetrics and gynecology. He is also the Chief Medical Officer of Liiv.com, a start-up…
Full Bio & Programs
Cynthia Geyer, MD, is medical director at Canyon Ranch in Lenox, Massachusetts. She also serves on the adjunct faculty of the Cleveland Clinic and is associate director of the Neighborhood Health Center/Berkshire Medical Center. www.canyonranch.com
Full Bio & Programs
Mark Hyman, MD, has dedicated his career to identifying and addressing the root causes of chronic illness through a groundbreaking, whole-systems approach known as functional medicine. A family physician and New York Times best-selling author,…
Full Bio & Programs
Diane Imrie, MBA, RD, is director of nutrition services at Fletcher Allen Health Care in Burlington, Vermont. Her recent accomplishments include the implementation of new retail services, room service for patients, and a nationally recognized…
Full Bio & Programs
Mary Beth Augustine, RDN, CDN, is senior integrative nutritionist and director of the Integrative Nutrition Internship at Beth Israel Center for Health & Healing. She served as integrative medicine nutritionist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer…
Full Bio & Programs
Aviva Romm, MD, is the mother of four grown children, a Yale-trained physician specializing in integrative medicine for women and children, a midwife, herbalist, award-winning author, and the creator/owner of WomanWise online courses, dedicated to…
Full Bio & Programs
Stefanie Sacks, MS, CNS, CDN, is a culinary nutritionist, author, radio show host, educator, speaker, and consultant. She works with individuals and groups in transition to a healthier way of eating. A certified nutrition specialist…
Full Bio & Programs
Marti Wolfson is a culinary nutrition educator with more than a decade of experience in hands-on food education and mind-body medicine. She is the founder of MW Culinary Wellness, LLC, which offers hands-on cooking classes,…
Full Bio & Programs
Jeremy Rock Smith, Kripalu's Executive Chef, graduated from the Culinary Institute of America and began his career in classical French cuisine, working in fine restaurants in the United States and abroad. In 2005, Jeremy's love…
Full Bio & Programs
For health-care professionals and interested individuals.
Created by the Center for Mind-Body Medicine, Food As Medicine is an acclaimed professional training program in medical nutrition therapy. Medical doctor James S. Gordon teams up with nationally renowned faculty for this intensive that provides the foundation you need to integrate nutrition effectively into your practice—and your life.
Topics include
- Core imbalances, the root of disease, and the opportunity to heal
- Nutrition in practice: case studies and clinical pearls
- Macronutrients, micronutrients, and phytonutrients
- A holistic approach to digestive healing
- Laboratory assessment
- Detoxification of mind, body, and spirit
- Evolution of the human diet
- Women's health and prenatal care
- Dietary supplements
- Mindful eating and the art of self-care.
Return home informed about the most recent research and prepared to confidently and compassionately guide your patients toward sound, practical nutrition.
|Program Schedule
CME Credits
This program qualifies for CMEs through the Center for Mind-Body Medicine. An additional fee of $85 for CMEs will be collected at the registration table before the conference. Please bring a check made out to the Center for Mind-Body Medicine if you are planning to request CMEs. Please contact email@example.com with questions.
- 21.5 credits for Registered Dietitians (RD), $30 additional charge
- 20.5 credits for Nurses (NURS), $30 additional charge
- 21.5 credits for Athletic Trainers (BOC), $30 additional charge
- 21.5 credits for Social Workers (SW), $30 additional charge
Call To Register
- tuition:
- $795
- room & meals pricing
Online registration is not available for this program. Please call 866.200.5203 to register.
questions?Real-time communication with a Registration Advisor
9:00 am–5:00 pm, Monday–Friday
Or call toll-free 866.200.5203
Guest Information
View a sample schedule, find arrival information, and more.
Choice of Accommodations
Rates below reflect total housing costs for all program nights.
- Dormitory
- $368
The dorms allow for 5–22 people per room, and offer simple bunk beds and nearby hall bathrooms.
- Standard Rooms
- $482 and up
These spare and peaceful rooms measure 8' x 12' and include a double or queen-size bed or platform twin beds.
- Standard Plus Rooms
- $736 and up
These quiet rooms are perfect for those who want a real retreat, and include simple décor, a double or queen-size bed, or twin beds.Learn More


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Tony Greco at St Mary's – Kids Nutrition Seminar March 2014
Spreading the word to...
New Year Workout Plan
With TG and Brian Lilley - Sun News
"A Healthy You" with Carol Alt & TG
Watch the Video that was on Fox News this Past Saturday
Be Better Than Your Age!
A Healthy You with Carol Alt - Sat, Dec 7 at 4pm on Fox NewsRead more
"A Healthy You" with Carol Alt
Watch the Video that was on Fox News
CTV News Video
TG Training Ottawa MP Pierre Poilievre
Greco TotalFit Magazine
Ft. Dwayne De RosarioRead more
TotalFit Magazine
Scott McGillivray on "Healthy Homes"Read more
Grecosize Celebrity Trailer
ft. Carrie Underwood, Carol Alt, Claude Giroux, Jeremy Roenick & MoreListen here!
CTV Morning Live
Kurt Stoodley's Success on the 20/20 Challenge
Elizabeth Manely on Team1200
Listen to What She has to Say About GrecoListen Here
Award Winner!
Tony Greco Joined with John Baird & Team to Recieve AwardVideo & Photos


text:
Inside InEssence Salon & Spa, guests are welcomed by a comforting cup of herbal tea in the hopes that it will help spirit them away from the stresses they left outside. Once the refreshments have had time to take effect, willing bodies are led to the massage table, where therapists ease out remaining aches and pains with techniques such as hot-stone or trigger-point therapy, or to the styling chair, where split ends are swiftly shed to gift shoulders a newfound lightness of being. Facials address every type of skin—from sensitive and dry to mature and pie-covered⎯while mani-pedis keep appendages looking fresh with essential oils, custom-blended scrubs, and anti-aging ingredients.
A nationally certified massage therapist, LaVonne Ayoub tackles and subdues everyday aches with warm, flowing fingers. At Hands of Mercy Massage, LaVonne checks in with clients before each session to see where they're at physically as well as the style of depth of pressure they'd prefer. LaVonne creates a safe and calm space for patients while using sessions to help reduce stress and increase personal awareness within her clients.
Lifelong Floridian Dr. Rick Brown makes his patients' wellness his first priority—so much so that his care doesn't stop at the vertebrae. Inside the kindly chiropractor's office, clients will find an infrared sauna meant for detoxification and relaxation, a stockpile of vitamins and supplements for nutritional health, and a licensed massage therapist who can help manage muscular pain. In the weight loss center patients can work on a long-term wellness plan. To give folks futuristic solutions to age-old problems, the office offers intense pulsed light therapy for everything from restoring a youthful glow to faces with photo-rejuvenation to permanent hair reduction.
Jennifer Stephens massages muscles and pampers skin with homemade products blended from fresh produce, local honey, and therapeutic clays. The products she uses are important to her, because her goal is to help clients escape from stress without having to rely on drugs or create their own sprawling fantasy universe. She is trained in an array of bodywork modalities, such as Swedish, deep tissue, and reflexology.
Jesse and Meli Brock are the husband-and-wife duo behind Healing Hands Massage & Bodywork. With more than eight different approaches, these licensed massage therapists target muscular ailments that can cause postural imbalances and pain. Their modalities range from relaxing Swedish massages to trigger-point myofascial-release therapies. Their acupressure and reflexology techniques draw on ancient healing practices, and their chair massages grant hard-working office chairs much-needed breaks.
Licensed massage therapists Marielle Shoffstall and Vincent Cicchetti join forces under the guise of Therapy Touch Massage, where they focus on treatments that assuage stress and reduce pain. Their soothing repertoire includes a signature custom massage, gentle Swedish strokes, and a more intense deep-tissue massage that targets buried aches. They also relieve mommies-to-be with prenatal treatments, which work to alleviate common maternity issues such as stiff necks, back pain, and the inability to hula-hoop. A variety of Spaaahh Therapies can enhance each treatment with pressure-point reflexology or hot-stone-and-bamboo fusion.


text: The world is full of goodness. It can be a little hard to see or hear or believe sometimes - but, it's there. There are everyday heros, people striving to make a difference, people who are overcoming adversity, and many ways we can all work together to create a kinder planet. The Do Gooder Guide is here to uplift you with Hope and inspire you. Just think, if each of us did one kind act a day, the ripple effect would be.... world changing.


text:
Seasonal dishes created by Chef Erin Cameron for convenient pre-performance dining. Enjoy small plates and a glass of Pacific Northwest wine or a craft cocktail in our lounge, or dine leisurely within Benaroya Hall. A la carte brunch offered for matinee performances. Menus updated weekly with local ingredients.
Open two hours prior to performance start.
Hours / Details
Measure at Benaroya Hall
200 University Street
3rd floor
Seattle, WA 98101


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
Register for PAL soccerby jmaloni
Thu, Sep 30th 2010 03:00 pmNiagara PAL Soccer Club has openings on various boys and girls teams to play in the Buffalo and Western New York Junior Soccer League for the 2011 competitive soccer season, which starts in May of 2011.
Players cannot turn 20 years old before Aug. 1, 2011, and must turn 8 years old before Aug. 1, 2011.
Home fields are Reservoir State Park in Lewiston, Veterans Memorial Park in Town of Niagara and Niagara Falls High School.
Register and pay online at www.niagara-soccer.com or call 283-7715 or 283-1332 for more information.The group also is selling 2011 Entertainment Books, with the $5 profit earned used to provide scholarships to kids that otherwise would not be able to play.
Categories: ~ Sports ~


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Made just for you, or so it will seem.
- Lightweight, ergonomic Genetic base is thinner on the inside than the outside for a more responsive feel
- Urethane dampeners under the base plate absorb impact; dampeners come in two different densities so you can customize to suit your style of riding or board
- EVA anti-vibration pad in highback eliminates slippage in the heelcup for extra responsiveness
- Ultra-responsive Absolute Fit ankle strap fits any boot without pressure points, gaps, or pinching
- New ratchet pivot system allows the ankle strap to be positioned three different ways to customize your level of support
- FTM Versa toe strap conforms to any boot shape, and can be worn either around the toe box or across the top of the toes
- Tool-less adjustment of highback position, forward lean, strap position, and strap length lets you easily dial in your fit
- UU Fit delivers a 360-degree fit for better comfort and support without pinching or pressure points
Share your thoughts
What do you think of the
Flux DS45 - Distortion Snowboard Binding
? Share a...
flux ds45 bindings on my lib tech
Member since
Oh yeah!
Andy Percival
Member since
I've been riding flux for the last three seasons. One of the most comfortable yet responsive bindings I've ever had.
Once strapped in, you can't feel the chunky straps, no pressure points at all. Very responsive and adjustable for a comfy ride.
I'm buying bindings and i don't know which...
Member since
I'm buying bindings and i don't know which ones are better for jibbing and big air, burton malavita's or the ds45??
Member since
DS 45. This has Air on the bottom less frature on landing. and this bidnigns is so light so id rather choose ds 45
would the large size fit a 148 board?
William Jones
Member since
would the large size fit a 148 board?
Member since
it should be ok it might be a little close to the edge but with most boards you should be good to go
_ nw ninja
Member since
you should be good to go bro..//
could these bindings fit on a rome agent...
Member since
could these bindings fit on a rome agent 2011 board?
Member since
Yes they will
_ nw ninja
Member since


text:
Bowman beats Groenewoud for gold
Maddie Bowman held off the challenge of Roz Groenewoud to take the womens superpipe title in the pick of the action on day two of the 2013 Winter X Games .
(02:10) | January 26, 2013
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Lochte glad to see Phelps back in action
More Sports Video: As he prepares to face Michael Phelps at the Pan Pacific Championships this week, Ryan Lochte says he's glad to see the 18-time Olympic champion back in action.
(01:52) | Aug 21, 2014
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50 Cent's 1st pitch fail
More Sports Video: Curtis Jackson, aka 50 Cent, threw out the ceremonial first pitch at Citi Field as the Mets hosted the Pirates. It may have been the first time he had thrown a baseball.
(00:19) | May 28, 2014
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Exclusive interview: Mark Selby
More Sports Video: 2014 snooker World Champion talks to Ismail Vedat about beating Ronnie O'Sullivan and his plans for fatherhood.
(07:30) | May 21, 2014
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AZ coach van Basten resigns
Eredivisie: Marco van Basten steps down as head coach of AZ Alkmaar because of stress, but remains as assistant coach.
(00:52) | Sep 16, 2014
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García: Underdogs Roma relaxed
Champions League: Roma coach Rudi García says his side are under 'no pressure' ahead of their Champions League Group E opener against CSKA Moscow.
(01:06) | Sep 16, 2014
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Enrique ready for competition bow
Champions League: Barcelona's Luis Enrique will make his UEFA Champions League debut as a head coach when he oversees his side's Group F opener against APOEL.
(01:59) | Sep 16, 2014
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Mourinho: Hazard wants new Chelsea deal
Premier League: Eden Hazard will sign a new contract with Chelsea, Jose Mourinho has confirmed.
(00:45) | Sep 16, 2014
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Mourinho still wants Champions League trophy
Champions League: Despite already winning Champions League twice, Jose Mourinho still has a strong desire to win one more.
(01:19) | Sep 16, 2014
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Mariner: Wenger needs to spend for midfielder
Premier League: ESPN FC's Paul Mariner believes Arsene Wenger needs to reach in his pocket and pay the price for a holding midfielder.
(00:48) | Sep 16, 2014


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Home >
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Academics >
Schools & Colleges >
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences >
Departments & Programs >
Department of History >
Graduate Programs >
M.A. in History
The 30-credit Master of Arts in History is designed for those who plan to pursue a new career as a social studies teacher; practicing social studies teachers who need to fulfill their master's requirement, professionals considering new careers options, as well as those who wish to deepen their knowledge of history. It also provides a springboard for those who plan to enter doctoral programs in history. The master's degree program places emphasis on learning to think with rigor, to assess evidence, interpret historical events and write with clarity and precision. Graduate courses are structured as seminars that meet once a week in which students discuss readings in depth and develop literacy in recent scholarship. Graduate history courses cover a range of historical subjects including: "Ancient and Medieval Economic Life," "Modern Europe," "The Atlantic World," "America During the Civil War and Reconstruction," "Historical Myth and Popular Memory," and "Latin America." All M.A. students are required to take HIS 601 (Historiography) which examines different theories of historical thought and models of historical methods.
Graduates of the Master of Arts in History program are ideal candidates for positions as researchers, educators, journalists, museum curators, and public service professionals. A number of our graduates go on to doctoral programs to become professional historians.
A candidate who is admitted to the Master of Arts degree program has a choice of three plans:
The Thesis option is designed for those students who seek to develop their skills in historical research and writing and for those planning on graduate study of history at the doctoral level. It requires 24 credits in graduate history courses and 6 credits of thesis work. The thesis is designed to demonstrate a candidate's knowledge of the scholarship about a specific historical subject, the ability to locate and interpret primary sources, and success in formulating meaningful conclusions. Students must submit a written proposal for a thesis topic and have it approved by a faculty member who will act as the thesis advisor. Another faculty member will serve as the second reader. The M.A. thesis is approximately 75 pages in length and an oral thesis defense is required for completion.
The comprehensive exam option is designed to give M.A. students broad exposure to graduate coursework and faculty members. Students must pass two oral examinations that demonstrate their ability to interpret secondary sources on distinct historical subjects. The Graduate Advisor will provide a list of possible exam topics, each of which will have four scholarly books. Students will choose two topics and prepare to discuss the works in the presence of two faculty members. Comprehensive exams are offered three times a year. This option requires 30 semester hours of courses.
The Public History option provides an opportunity for master's students who wish to investigate the application of history in public venues. Students may choose to design a public history project in cooperation with a local museum or historic site and work under the joint supervision of a qualified member of the site's staff and a department faculty member. Alternately, students may choose to develop a "contemporary issue project" that results in a research paper that explores the historical background of a current social problem. Interested students must present a proposal to a faculty member who will serve as the project advisor. This option requires 30 semester hours of graduate history courses, including HIS 705, the independent study in public history.
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Item#: 5239
Manufacturer: Dublin Dog
Now, your pup can have sunshine on a cloudy day...or any day! While wearing this beautiful collar, your pooch can brighten anyone's day! 100% waterproof. Features metal D-ring. Won't harbor odor producing bacteria and germs. Easy to clean. Made in the U.S.A. Why We Love It: The Sun Spot Daisy Daze Dog Collar is a sunny yellow, featuring a floral design. Collars for Dogs from Dublin Dog Company are created using a patent-pending hand-injected design and won't harbor any of those bacteria or germs that can smell bad after time. Sizing Information: Small: 3/4" width x 9-13" lengthMedium: 1" width x 13-17" lengthLarge: 1" width x 17-21" length


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A Goodbye
by, 8th February 2013 at 12:22 AM (406 Views)
I spend too much time on the internet. And despite knowing how much that negatively impacts my life, I have a hard time limiting the amount of time I spend online. So pseudo cold turkey it is (still need the internet for stuff like online banking).
I've deleted various things. Facebook. Skype. I've abandoned accounts on other forums. And now it's time to say goodbye to BMGf. My last internet haven.
I've met a lot of truly awesome people on this site. To them I say: I will miss you, and the good times and conversations we shared. I wish you the very best in the years ahead, and may you fulfill your dreams.


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Graveside services for Roger Inge Davis Sr. will be held at 10 a.m. Wednesday, Feb. 5, 2014 at Gardens of Memory in Minden under the direction of Rose-Neath Funeral Home in Minden. Officiating will be Rev. Bill Ichter. The family will receive friends from 5 until 7 p.m. Tuesday, Feb. 4, 2014 at Rose-Neath Funeral Home in Minden.
Roger was born Dec. 13, 1927 in Shreveport and entered into rest Feb. 2, 2014 in Minden. He served his country in the Army during World War II.Subscribe to Read!


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Employees at MassMutual continued a near decade-long tradition of giving back during the holidays by handing over more than 1,000 toys to the Marine Corps "Toys for Tots" campaign Thursday.
For the ninth straight year, employees brought in toys for all ages for their annual holiday gift tree program.
"We have a record collection this year with over 1,100 toys collected in addition to whatever is purchased with gift cards. So it makes me very happy that MassMutual employees care this much about the community and help kids who need some of the spirit of Christmas," said Betsy Ward, MassMutual's Chief Enterprise Risk Officer.
MassMutual employees at both the Springfield and Enfield, CT campuses took part in the toy drive.
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Hi all
I signed up purely for somewhere to discuss a reasonable subject with some hopefully reasonable people.
I live life by the simple classic philosophy of "live and let live". Whatever you believe, fine - get on with it, don't push it on me, don't push it on anyone else, and don't let it harm anyone. If everyone could stick to that, we'd have no problems.
The straw that broke the camel's back for me tonight was yet another great TV program turning to god. It happened with Sons of Anarchy (episode after episode about finding god and jesus etc) which was infuriating. I don't mind if it's just a part of the plot - part of people's lives etc, that's normal. But when it starts to spread over several episodes, with the main character having some sort of patronising revelation, it becomes condescending.
It happened with Lost too - the final series being the worst thing to ever happen to an awesome TV show ever - and it completely ruined what had been an amazing show for me.
Then tonight I'm watching Dexter (I'm on season 6 now) and he's suddenly transforming from a science-based hardcore atheist, into a believer over night because of some story involving his kid getting ill (I won't ruin it in case you've not seen it). So now they're shoe-horning religion in, using a sick child as leverage, which is emotional blackmail at its finest. It just cheapens the entire show... it's about a scientist who looks at life using only logic - black and white facts. Then in the course of about 3 episodes, he's starting to "see the light" and believe? Absolutely infuriating.
I shouldn't get so wound up about it - it's just a TV show - but do you ever feel like the writers/producer are piggybacking their belief system onto the show? It really gets on my nerves. Whether or not you believe in god, must it be rammed down our necks during EVERY decent TV show?
On a side note, I noticed that when signing up here there's a warning to say that your name will show up in google results, so you can use a pseudonym. Do we really live in a society where people have to hide their status as an atheist? It's just utterly bizarre, we're meant to be an educated advanced civilisation!
Argh, rant over - apologies, I know it's all pointless, I'm just a bit annoyed at another show being spoiled.
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March 23, 2012
Fobes was tabbed to the All-EAGL First Team on bars one year after earning Second Team honors in that event. The junior is EAGL's fourth-ranked bar performer with an RQS of 9.830, an average of 9.825 and a season-high 9.925, which she scored in an upset victory against 23rd-ranked West Virginia on Feb. 25. After missing the first two meets of the season with an injured wrist, Fobes has rebounded to gain at least a share of UNH's top bar score in seven of the last nine meets, including four first-place performances. The Howell, N.J., native garnered 2011 All-EAGL First Team honors on floor exercise and all-around in addition to claiming EAGL All-Tournament First Team distinction in 2010 (vault) and 2011 (bars, all-around), along with an All-Tournament Second Team berth on floor in '10.
Datti, in his 31st season at UNH, receives his second career EAGL assistant coach award (2010), while Kelley garners the honor in her first year at the University.
During the awards ceremony, the three Wildcat EAGL weekly winners were recognized: Kate McGeever (Saco, Maine), who won EAGL Specialist of the Week on Jan. 24; Gray, who captured EAGL Rookie of the Week honors Feb. 14 and Carr, the EAGL Gymnast of the Week on Feb. 28.
UNH was also lauded for its league-leading 15 members of the EAGL All-Academic Team.
Gymnast Danielle Reibold named EAGL Scholar-Athlete of the Year & All-EAGL First Team
|Danielle Reibold
PITTSBURGH, Pa. – University of New Hampshire gymnast Danielle Reibold (Horsham, Pa.) headlined a list of three Wildcats named to the All-East Atlantic Gymnastics League First Team and was honored as the first EAGL Scholar-Athlete of the Year in school history. Those announcements were made as part of Friday night's EAGL Championship banquet at the Westin Convention Center.
Reibold joins teammates Austyn Fobes (Howell, N.J.) and Kayla Gray (Buffalo, N.Y.) on the All-EAGL First Team. Co-captain Ali Carr (Chelmsford, Mass.) and Jillian Hudson (Sparkill, N.Y.) were both selected to the All-EAGL Second Team, and Carr was feted as UNH's team MVP. Associate head coach Ed Datti and assistant coach Jess Kelley were named the EAGL Assistant Coaches of the Year.
Reibold, a four-time member of the EAGL All-Academic Team and three-time NACGC/W Scholastic All-American, becomes the first 'Cat gymnast to be commended as a league's top scholar-athlete since Nicole Mullins was named the ECAC Academic Gymnast of the Year in 1993. The biomedical science major was recognized as an All-EAGL First Team gymnast on uneven bars for the third consecutive year after ranking eighth on the apparatus with a 9.800 Regional Qualifying Score (RQS), a 9.782 average and a season-high 9.875 that she recorded in a first-place effort at the Pennsylvania quad-meet on Feb. 10. The Horsham, Pa., native, who tacked on first-place bar scores in three additional meets, was previously named to the All-EAGL Second Team on bars as a freshman in 2009 and earned a place on the EAGL All-Tournament First Team on bars in both '09 and '11 to go along with All-Tourney First Team on beam ('09) and Second Team on bars ('10).
|Ali Carr
Gray posted EAGL's No. 6 ranking on balance beam during her rookie campaign with a 9.815 RQS, a 9.634 average score and a career-high 9.900, which she first accomplished in the Penn quad-meet (Feb. 10) to win the EAGL Rookie of the Week award before equaling the mark at the UNH Invitational quad-meet (March 3). Gray was the Wildcats' top scorer on beam five times and registered at least a share of first place in four meets.
Carr takes home All-EAGL Second Team honors in vault and beam as the league's ninth-ranked gymnast in both events. The Chelmsford, Mass., native paced the 'Cats on vault nine times, including four first-place results, with an RQS of 9.830, an average of 9.823 and a career-high 9.875 in a triumph versus Pittsburgh on Jan. 21. Carr's beam accolades include a 9.785 RQS, a 9.643 season average, a pair of first-place finishes and a personal-best 9.900 against West Virginia that resulted in her being named the EAGL Gymnast of the Week on Feb. 28. The senior's past All-EAGL awards include First Team on bars ('09) and vault ('11) and Second Team on bars ('11). She recorded EAGL All-Tournament Second Team honors on bars ('09, '11).
Hudson, an All-EAGL Second Team vault competitor, collects the first all-league award of her career after notching the team's top vault score in three meets, highlighted by a personal-best 9.850 against Arizona (March 11) in which she tied Carr for second place. The sophomore's vault RQS is 9.805, tied for 12th in the league, and she averaged a 9.768.
Datti, in his 31st season at UNH, receives his second career EAGL assistant coach award (2010), while Kelley garners the honor in her first year at the University.
During the awards ceremony, the three Wildcat EAGL weekly winners were recognized: Kate McGeever (Saco, Maine), who won EAGL Specialist of the Week on Jan. 24; Gray, who captured EAGL Rookie of the Week honors Feb. 14 and Carr, the EAGL Gymnast of the Week on Feb. 28.
UNH was also lauded for its league-leading 15 members of the EAGL All-Academic Team.
The Wildcats (12-5, 4-1), who finished in second place at the 2011 EAGL Championship for their best result since their championship-winning 2003 season, will compete in the 2012 EAGL Championship, hosted by the University of Pittsburgh, on Saturday, March 24, starting at 2 p.m. Fans can follow all the action on www.unhwildcats.com and twitter.com/UNHAthletics. Live stats and video will be available at PittsburghPanthers.com.


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Our mission for every member of this department is to consistently perform their duties, and to find ways to affirmatively promote, and deliver a feeling of security, safety and quality service to members of our community.
Your Sheriff's Department is the largest in the State of Missouri and the largest law enfocrement agency in St. Charles County. We are comprised of 155 commissioned law enforcement professionals and 71 civilian personnel with duties ranging from serving civil process, traffic enfocement, neighborhood directed patrols to piloting our Metro Air Support helicopers.
We are directly responsible for the safety and security of residents residing in the unincorporated areas of the county and also provide specialized and supplemental services to municipal police departments on request. The Sheriff's Department provides contract patrols to the cities of Augusta, Weldon Springs Heights, St. Paul, Flint Hill, Portage De Sioux, and West Alton. Additionally, we are responsible for providing full time Law Enforcement Patrol Services to the municipalities of Dardenne Prairie and Weldon Spring.
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St. Charles County maintains a detailed list of Sexual Offenders who reside or work within the County.


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I obtain audio recordings for my mp3 players from several locations. Some come from storybook CDs I already own, others have been purchased on Audible, but the cheapest (and most fun) source of materials for your listening center is to make your own!
This book had too many words for most of my students to follow along, so I added prompts each time they would have to turn the page. A boring old beep would simply not be fun enough for my kiddos so I stuck with the cow theme and added a MOO sound as the prompt. I also found a sound clip of a typewriter online and added this effect each time the story referenced someone typing a letter. As a final touch, I added a fun splash to the very end of the recording (when the ducks get a diving board). All of these sounds can be found online for free.
It's easy to get started. All you need is a computer with audio recording software and a USB microphone. The microphone doesn't have to be anything expensive. Mine is a headset made by Logitech. You can buy one Amazon for under $30. But any microphone with a USB connection will work.
Software is also easy to acquire.
I'm a Mac user and Apple provides a wonderful audio recording program in the iLife suite called GarageBand. I use this when I create audio materials for my classroom. It's pretty simple to navigate and use.