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Law of thought
The laws of thought are fundamental axiomatic rules upon which rational discourse itself is often considered to be based. The formulation and clarification of such rules have a long tradition in the history of philosophy and logic. Generally they are taken as laws that guide and underlie everyone's thinking, thoughts, expressions, discussions, etc.
According to the 1999 Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy,[1] laws of thought are laws by which or in accordance with which valid thought proceeds, or that justify valid inference, or to which all valid deduction is reducible. Laws of thought are rules that apply without exception to any subject matter of thought, etc.; sometimes they are said to be the object of logic. The term, rarely used in exactly the same sense by different authors, has long been associated with three equally ambiguous expressions: the law of identity (ID), the law of contradiction (or non-contradiction; NC), and the law of excluded middle (EM).
Sometimes, these three expressions are taken as propositions of formal ontology having the widest possible subject matter, propositions that apply to entities per se: (ID), everything is (i.e., is identical to) itself; (NC) no thing having a given quality also has the negative of that quality (e.g., no even number is non-even); (EM) every thing either has a given quality or has the negative of that quality (e.g., every number is either even or non-even). Equally common in older works is use of these expressions for principles of metalogic about propositions: (ID) every proposition implies itself; (NC) no proposition is both true and false; (EM) every proposition is either true or false.
Beginning in the middle to late 1800s, these expressions have been used to denote propositions of Boolean Algebra about classes: (ID) every class includes itself; (NC) every class is such that its intersection ("product") with its own complement is the null class; (EM) every class is such that its union ("sum") with its own complement is the universal class. More recently, the last two of the three expressions have been used in connection with the classical propositional logic and with the so-called protothetic or quantified propositional logic; in both cases the law of non-contradiction involves the negation of the conjunction ("and") of something with its own negation and the law of excluded middle involves the disjunction ("or") of something with its own negation. In the case of propositional logic the "something" is a schematic letter serving as a place-holder, whereas in the case of protothetic logic the "something" is a genuine variable. The expressions "law of non-contradiction" and "law of excluded middle" are also used for semantic principles of model theory concerning sentences and interpretations: (NC) under no interpretation is a given sentence both true and false, (EM) under any interpretation, a given sentence is either true or false.
The expressions mentioned above all have been used in many other ways. Many other propositions have also been mentioned as laws of thought, including the dictum de omni et nullo attributed to Aristotle, the substitutivity of identicals (or equals) attributed to Euclid, the so-called identity of indiscernibles attributed to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, and other "logical truths".
The expression "laws of thought" gained added prominence through its use by Boole (1815–64) to denote theorems of his "algebra of logic"; in fact, he named his second logic book An Investigation of the Laws of Thought on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities (1854). Modern logicians, in almost unanimous disagreement with Boole, take this expression to be a misnomer; none of the above propositions classed under "laws of thought" are explicitly about thought per se, a mental phenomenon studied by psychology, nor do they involve explicit reference to a thinker or knower as would be the case in pragmatics or in epistemology. The distinction between psychology (as a study of mental phenomena) and logic (as a study of valid inference) is widely accepted.
- 1 The three traditional laws
- 2 Plato
- 3 Indian logic
- 4 Avicenna's commentary
- 5 Locke
- 6 Leibniz
- 7 Schopenhauer
- 8 Boole
- 9 Welton
- 10 Russell
- 11 Contemporary developments
- 12 References
- 13 External links
The three traditional laws[edit]
Their expression is generally attributed to Aristotle, and they were foundational in later scholastic logic. The following will state these three traditional "laws" in the words of Bertrand Russell (1912):
The law of identity[edit]
The law of identity: 'Whatever is, is.'[2]
For any proposition A: A = A.
Regarding this law, Aristotle wrote:
First then this at least is obviously true, that the word "be" or "not be" has a definite meaning, so that not everything will be "so and not so". Again, if "man" has one meaning, let this be "two-footed animal"; by having one meaning I understand this:—if "man" means "X", then if A is a man "X" will be what "being a man" means for him. (It makes no difference even if one were to say a word has several meanings, if only they are limited in number; for to each definition there might be assigned a different word. For instance, we might say that "man" has not one meaning but several, one of which would have one definition, viz. "two-footed animal", while there might be also several other definitions if only they were limited in number; for a peculiar name might be assigned to each of the definitions. If, however, they were not limited but one were to say that the word has an infinite number of meanings, obviously reasoning would be impossible; for not to have one meaning is to have no meaning, and if words have no meaning our reasoning with one another, and indeed with ourselves, has been annihilated; for it is impossible to think of anything if we do not think of one thing; but if this is possible, one name might be assigned to this thing.)—Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book IV, Part 4 (translated by W.D. Ross)[3]
More than two millennia later, George Boole alluded to the very same principle as did Aristotle when Boole made the following observation with respect to the nature of language and those principles that must inhere naturally within them:
There exist, indeed, certain general principles founded in the very nature of language, by which the use of symbols, which are but the elements of scientific language, is determined. To a certain extent these elements are arbitrary. Their interpretation is purely conventional: we are permitted to employ them in whatever sense we please. But this permission is limited by two indispensable conditions, first, that from the sense once conventionally established we never, in the same process of reasoning, depart; secondly, that the laws by which the process is conducted be founded exclusively upon the above fixed sense or meaning of the symbols employed.—George Boole, An Investigation of the Laws of Thought
The law of non-contradiction[edit]
The law of non-contradiction (alternately the 'law of contradiction)[4]): 'Nothing can both be and not be.'[2]
In other words: "two or more contradictory statements cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time": NOT(A = NOT-A).
In the words of Aristotle, that "one cannot say of something that it is and that it is not in the same respect and at the same time". As an illustration of this law, he wrote:
It is impossible, then, that "being a man" should mean precisely not being a man, if "man" not only signifies something about one subject but also has one significance ... And it will not be possible to be and not to be the same thing, except in virtue of an ambiguity, just as if one whom we call "man", and others were to call "not-man"; but the point in question is not this, whether the same thing can at the same time be and not be a man in name, but whether it can be in fact.—Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book IV, Part 4 (translated by W.D. Ross)[3]
The law of excluded middle[edit]
The law of excluded middle: 'Everything must either be or not be."[2]
In accordance with the law of excluded middle or excluded third, for every proposition, either its positive or negative form is true: FOR ALL A: A OR ~A.
Regarding the law of excluded middle, Aristotle wrote:
But on the other hand there cannot be an intermediate between contradictories, but of one subject we must either affirm or deny any one predicate. This is clear, in the first place, if we define what the true and the false are. To say of what is that it is not, or of what is not that it is, is false, while to say of what is that it is, and of what is not that it is not, is true; so that he who says of anything that it is, or that it is not, will say either what is true or what is false—Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book IV, Part 7 (translated by W.D. Ross)[3]
|This section possibly contains original research. (April 2011)
|This section does not cite any references or sources. (August 2013)
That everything be "the same with itself and different from another" (law of identity) is one of the "self-evident logical principles"[5] upon which all symbolic communication systems (languages) are founded, for it governs the use of those symbols (names, words, pictograms, etc.) which denote the various individual concepts within a language, so as to eliminate ambiguity in the conveyance of those concepts between the users of the language. Such a principle (law) is necessary because symbolic designators have no inherent meaning of their own, but derive their meaning from the language users themselves, who associate each symbol with an individual concept in a manner that has been conventionally prescribed within their linguistic group. The degree to which this law must be obeyed depends upon the kind of language that one is utilizing. In a natural language there is considerable tolerance for violations since there are other means—such as the context in which the symbol is used—by which one can determine which of a number of different concepts one is intended to call to mind by the use of a given symbol. However, in the language of mathematics or formal logic there is no such tolerance. If, for example, the symbol "+" were allowed to denote both the function of addition and some other mathematical function, then we would be unable to evaluate the truth value of a proposition such as "2+2=4", since the truth of such a proposition would be contingent upon which of the possible functions the symbol "+" was intended to denote. The same is true of symbols such as "2" and "4". If these symbols did not denote conventionally prescribed quantities, then one could not attribute proper meaning to them, and the proposition would be rendered unintelligible.
The law of non-contradiction and the law of excluded middle are not exactly separate laws; rather, they are correlates of the law of identity.[citation needed] That is to say, they are two interdependent and complementary principles that inhere naturally (implicitly) within the law of identity, as its essential nature. To understand how these supplementary laws relate to the law of identity, one must recognize the dichotomizing nature of the law of identity. Whenever we "identify" a thing as belonging to a certain class or instance of a class, we intellectually set that thing apart from all the other things in existence which are "not" of that same class or instance of a class. In other words, the proposition, "A is A, and A is not ~A" (law of identity) intellectually partitions a universe of discourse (the domain of all things) into exactly two subsets, A and ~A, and thus gives rise to a dichotomy. As with all dichotomies, A and ~A must then be both "jointly exhaustive" (with respect to that universe of discourse) and "mutually exclusive". In other words, "no one thing can simultaneously be a member of both A and ~A" (law of non-contradiction), whilst "every single thing must be a member of either A or ~A" (law of excluded middle).
Furthermore, we cannot think conceptually without making use of some form of language (symbolic communication), for thinking conceptually entails the manipulation and amalgamation of simpler concepts in order to form more complex concepts.[citation needed] Therefore we must have a means of distinguishing these different concepts, namely symbols or signs. It follows then that the first principle of language (law of identity) is also rightfully called the first principle of thought, and by extension, the first principle of reason (rational thought).[citation needed][original research?]
In one of Plato's Socratic dialogues, Socrates described three principles derived from introspection:
[F]irst, that nothing can become greater or less, either in number or magnitude, while remaining equal to itself ... Secondly, that without addition or subtraction there is no increase or diminution of anything, but only equality ... Thirdly, that what was not before cannot be afterwards, without becoming and having become.
— Plato, Theaetetus, 155[6]
Indian logic[edit]
The law of non-contradiction is found in ancient Indian logic as a meta-rule in the Shrauta Sutras, the grammar of Pāṇini,[7] and the Brahma Sutras attributed to Vyasa. It was later elaborated on by medieval commentators such as Madhvacharya.[8]
Avicenna's commentary[edit]
The Persian philosopher Ibn Sina (Avicenna) once wrote the following response to opponents of the law of non-contradiction:
Anyone who denies the law of non-contradiction should be beaten and burned until he admits that to be beaten is not the same as not to be beaten, and to be burned is not the same as not to be burned.—Avicenna, Metaphysics[9]
John Locke claimed that the principles of identity and contradiction (i.e. the law of identity and the law of non-contradiction) were general ideas and only occurred to people after considerable abstract, philosophical thought. He characterized the principle of identity as "Whatsoever is, is." He stated the principle of contradiction as "It is impossible for the same thing to be and not to be." To Locke, these were not innate or a priori principles.[10]
Gottfried Leibniz formulated two additional principles, either or both of which may sometimes be counted as a law of thought:
In Leibniz's thought, as well as generally in the approach of rationalism, the latter two principles are regarded as clear and incontestable axioms. They were widely recognized in European thought of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, although they were subject to greater debate in the 19th century. As turned out to be the case with the law of continuity, these two laws involve matters which, in contemporary terms, are subject to much debate and analysis (respectively on determinism and extensionality[clarification needed]). Leibniz's principles were particularly influential in German thought. In France, the Port-Royal Logic was less swayed by them. Hegel quarrelled with the identity of indiscernibles in his Science of Logic (1812–1816).
Four laws[edit]
Arthur Schopenhauer discussed the laws of thought and tried to demonstrate that they are the basis of reason. He listed them in the following way in his On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, §33:
- A subject is equal to the sum of its predicates, or a = a.
- No predicate can be simultaneously attributed and denied to a subject, or a ≠ ~a.
- Of every two contradictorily opposite predicates one must belong to every subject.
- Truth is the reference of a judgment to something outside it as its sufficient reason or ground.
The laws of thought can be most intelligibly expressed thus:
- Everything that is, exists.
- Nothing can simultaneously be and not be.
- Each and every thing either is or is not.
- Of everything that is, it can be found why it is.
There would then have to be added only the fact that once for all in logic the question is about what is thought and hence about concepts and not about real things.
— Schopenhauer, Manuscript Remains, Vol. 4, "Pandectae II", §163
To show that they are the foundation of reason, he gave the following explanation:
Through a reflection, which I might call a self-examination of the faculty of reason, we know that these judgments are the expression of the conditions of all thought and therefore have these as their ground. Thus by making vain attempts to think in opposition to these laws, the faculty of reason recognizes them as the conditions of the possibility of all thought. We then find that it is just as impossible to think in opposition to them as it is to move our limbs in a direction contrary to their joints. If the subject could know itself, we should know those laws immediately, and not first through experiments on objects, that is, representations (mental images).
— Schopenhauer, On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, §33
Schopenhauer's four laws can be schematically presented in the following manner:
- A is A.
- A is not not-A.
- A is either A or not-A.
- If A then B (A implies B).
Two laws[edit]
Later, in 1844, Schopenhauer claimed that the four laws of thought could be reduced to two. In the ninth chapter of the second volume of The World as Will and Representation, he wrote:
It seems to me that the doctrine of the laws of thought could be simplified if we were to set up only two, the law of excluded middle and that of sufficient reason. The former thus: "Every predicate can be either confirmed or denied of every subject." Here it is already contained in the "either, or" that both cannot occur simultaneously, and consequently just what is expressed by the laws of identity and contradiction. Thus these would be added as corollaries of that principle which really says that every two concept-spheres must be thought either as united or as separated, but never as both at once; and therefore, even although words are joined together which express the latter, these words assert a process of thought which cannot be carried out. The consciousness of this infeasibility is the feeling of contradiction. The second law of thought, the principle of sufficient reason, would affirm that the above attributing or refuting must be determined by something different from the judgment itself, which may be a (pure or empirical) perception, or merely another judgment. This other and different thing is then called the ground or reason of the judgment. So far as a judgement satisfies the first law of thought, it is thinkable; so far as it satisfies the second, it is true, or at least in the case in which the ground of a judgement is only another judgement it is logically or formally true.[12]
The title of George Boole's 1854 treatise on logic, An Investigation on the Laws of Thought, indicates an alternate path. The laws are now incorporated into his Boolean algebra, in which the classic Aristotelian laws come down to saying there are two and only two truth values.[citation needed] The Leibnizian principles are ignored, at the algebraic level, absent second-order logic.[clarification needed]
In the 19th century, the Aristotelian laws of thoughts, as well as sometimes the Leibnizian laws of thought, were standard material in logic textbooks, and J. Welton described them in this way:
The Laws of Thought, Regulative Principles of Thought, or Postulates of Knowledge, are those fundamental, necessary, formal and a priori mental laws in agreement with which all valid thought must be carried on. They are a priori, that is, they result directly from the processes of reason exercised upon the facts of the real world. They are formal; for as the necessary laws of all thinking, they cannot, at the same time, ascertain the definite properties of any particular class of things, for it is optional whether we think of that class of things or not. They are necessary, for no one ever does, or can, conceive them reversed, or really violate them, because no one ever accepts a contradiction which presents itself to his mind as such.
— Welton, A Manual of Logic, 1891, Vol. I, p. 30.
|This section requires expansion. (September 2014)
As well as his listing of the three traditional "laws" (see below), Bertrand Russell asserted[13] other "self-evident logical principles" as well, including the 'principle of induction' and the first "primitive principle" of his Principia Mathematica that 'anything implied by a true proposition is true'.[14] This principle he places great stress upon, stating that "this principle is really involved -- at least, concrete instances of it are involved -- in all demonstrations.".[4]
He goes on to assert that "some of these must be granted before any argument or proof becomes possible. When some of them have been granted, others can be proved." Of these various "laws" he asserts that "for no very good reason, three of these principles have been singled out by tradition under the name of 'Laws of Thought'.[15] And these he lists as follows:
- "(1) The law of identity: 'Whatever is, is.'
- (2) The law of contradiction: 'Nothing can both be and not be.'
- (3) The law of excluded middle: 'Everything must either be or not be.'"[15]
Contemporary developments[edit]
Some (such as dialetheists) argue that the law of non-contradiction is denied by paraconsistent logic, however, "negation" in paraconsistent logic is not really negation in the formal sense; it is merely a subcontrary-forming operator.
The law of the excluded middle is not part of the execution of intuitionistic logic, but neither is it negated. Intuitionistic logic merely forbids the use of the operation as part of what it defines as a "constructive proof", which is not the same as demonstrating it invalid (this is comparable to the use of a particular building style in which screws are forbidden and only nails are allowed; it does not necessarily disprove or even question the existence or usefulness of screws, but merely demonstrates what can be built without them).
- ^ "Laws of thought". Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Robert Audi, Editor, Cambridge: Cambridge UP. p. 489.
- ^ a b c Russell 1912:72,1997 edition.
- ^ a b c http://www.classicallibrary.org/aristotle/metaphysics/book04.htm
- ^ a b Russell 1912:72, 1997 edition
- ^ "These three laws are samples of self-evident logical principles, but are not really more fundamental or more self-evident than various other similar principles: for instance, the one we considered just now, which states that what follows from a true premiss is true." (Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy, Chapter VII)
- ^ "Theaetetus, by Plato". The University of Adelaide Library. November 10, 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- ^ Frits Staal (1988), Universals: Studies in Indian Logic and Linguistics, Chicago, pp. 109–28 (cf. Bull, Malcolm (1999), Seeing Things Hidden, Verso, p. 53, ISBN 1-85984-263-1)
- ^ Dasgupta, Surendranath (1991), A History of Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass, p. 110, ISBN 81-208-0415-5
- ^ Avicenna, Metaphysics, I; commenting on Aristotle, Topics I.11.105a4–5
- ^ "An Essay concerning Human Understanding". Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ^ "The primary laws of thought, or the conditions of the thinkable, are four: – 1. The law of identity [A is A]. 2. The law of contradiction. 3. The law of exclusion; or excluded middle. 4. The law of sufficient reason." (Thomas Hughes, The Ideal Theory of Berkeley and the Real World, Part II, Section XV, Footnote, p. 38)
- ^ "The Project Gutenberg EBook of The World As Will And Idea (Vol. 2 of 3) by Arthur Schopenhauer". Project Gutenberg. June 27, 2012. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ^ Russell 1912:70-73, 1997 edition
- ^ Principia Mathematica 1962 edition:94 " *1.1 Anything implied by a true elementary proposition is true."
- ^ a b Russell 1912:72, 1997 edition.
- Aristotle, "The Categories", Harold P. Cooke (trans.), pp. 1–109 in Aristotle, Vol. 1, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1938.
- Aristotle, "On Interpretation", Harold P. Cooke (trans.), pp. 111–179 in Aristotle, Vol. 1, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1938.
- Aristotle, "Prior Analytics", Hugh Tredennick (trans.), pp. 181–531 in Aristotle, Vol. 1, Loeb Classical Library, William Heinemann, London, UK, 1938.
- Boole, George, An Investigation of the Laws of Thought on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities, Macmillan, 1854. Reprinted with corrections, Dover Publications, New York, NY, 1958.
- Russell, Bertrand, The Problems of Philosophy (1912), Oxford University Press, New Your, 1997, ISBN 0-19-511552-X.
- Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, Volume 2, Dover Publications, New York, 1966, ISBN 0-486-21762-0
External links[edit]
- James Danaher, "The Laws of Thought", The Philosopher, Volume LXXXXII No. 1
- Peter Suber, "Non-Contradiction and Excluded Middle", Earlham College


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Win "Martha's Entertaining: A Year of Celebrations" on the Ehell blog! Entries close May 11th.
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American here :waves:Do other countries have as many businesses open 24/7 as we do in America? More? Less? In most areas I've lived in, you can find a fast food place, diner type place, gas station, and a Wal-Mart/grocery store type place that are open all hours of the day.As a dedicated shift worker, I make it a point to learn these things (there is a rumor in the squadron that I'm half vampire )
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Fell in love with these! During my gown shopping, my mom pointed these out to me and said they looked like they were made for me. Of course I immediately fell in love. I tried them on while I was trying the dresses on and not once were my feet uncomfortable or achy. I've also worn them around the house to break them in so on the big day they aren't killing me. Overall these are very comfortable heels, and with the added bling to them, they were a must have for me on my wedding day. September 11, 2014
So comfy I rarely leave reviews but was so blown away by the comfort of these shoes that I just had to. They are gorgeous too. You can't see in the photo but the heel is decorated with bling. But not too much. Just enough to look fabulous. Cute, comfy,cheap. My 3 C rule works with these!!! April 7, 2014
GORGEOUS SHOE FOR MY WEDDING AND SPECIAL OCCASSION I love this shoe but after a few hours they Killed when I was trying on dresses. I would get some shoe slips for these for comfort but they are gorgeous and look beautiful with the dress that I chose. BTW If you are interested in this dress let DB know it is a preview dress and at DB for a limited time. I love the dress and the shoes. GORGEOUS. May 11, 2013
great buy I love these shoes it goes great with my dress and not to high of a heel... easy to walk in April 22, 2013
1-4 of 4
*Color & Style representation may vary by monitor. Not responsible for typographical or pictorial errors. Product availability varies by store and online. Some in-store purchases require special order and markdown styles cannot be special ordered. Contact your local store for details.


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Rainbow Falls Heated Outdoor Pool
Our Rainbow Falls Heated Outdoor Pool is OPEN YEAR ROUND!
Our elegantly designed pool is open all year long! Come relax, enjoy a swim, lounge along side and let the sounds of the waterfall take you miles away. Surrounded by native flowering gardens and tucked away from the wave pool and main courtyard, the pool will provide a quiet outdoor oasis. When the sun goes down the outdoor pool transforms into a beautiful night-time light show as LED lights make the pool perfect for an evening dip or romantic light show in the pool.
Designed using the latest technology, our Rainbow Falls heated outdoor pool utilizes the latest cleaning technology that is good for both you and our environment. Using salt water and salt generation cleaning, this creates a cleaner, healthier pool without the chemicals in traditional outdoor pools. Additionally, we have added the successful High Intensity Ultra-Violet Light System to our outdoor pool. This revolutionary system (which is not required by state or local laws) uses ultra-violet light to destroy living organisms present in the liquid being treated. It has been well established that exposure to high intensity light destroys harmful bacteria, thus making the swimming water safer for all. Come relax and experience a swim IN COLOR! Learn more.
Poolside Yoga
We invite you to come relax in our Rainbow Falls Garden Pool Oasis. Breathe deep, focus on the soothing sounds of the water and claim this time as your own. In July and August, join us from 8am - 9am; Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday for a special adults-only Poolside Yoga class. This class is offered complimentary to guests only. After your hour of stretching, refresh yourself in the pool for the final hour of adults-only swim.
Rainbow Falls Heated Outdoor Pool Hours: Open Daily from 9am - 9pm
Adult only hours (Age 16 and up): Daily from 9am - 10am and 8pm - 9pm
- True 750's Treadmills
- True Ellipticals for a no-impact workout
- Cyber Steppers 500S
- Schwinn Stationary Bike
- Schwinn Recumbent Bike
- Free Weight Dumbell Station - weights up to 50 lbs
- Changing Rooms: equipped with lockers, showers, restrooms and hair dryers
(7 individual stations )
- Arm Curl
- Tricep Push Down
- Leg Extension
- Horizontal Leg Curl
- Seated Chest Press
- Shoulder Press
- Dual Lat with Mid Row


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Making ice seems as simple as freezing water, but when you're trying to make an entire snow mobile race track out of ice the process is much more complicated.
Owner of the 525 Race Track Ralph Merwin says, "We started about two weeks ago and its a 4 week process total so we have plenty of time. You have to watch the weather, because you can't pour when it's cold. It's been cold so it's working out well."
Merwin says it takes one million gallons of water to build the ice for the annual snowmobile races. "The tuck is 2,000 gallons so it takes about 500 truck loads."
Merwins says he has about 100 volunteers that help him every year, and it's a very meticulous process. "It's about 1/16 of an inch every time you go around so it takes a lot of rounds to make 16 inches. That's what keeps it flat is the very thin layers that go down."
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Super Padded Trunk Black
Price: $38.50
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Days Easy Return Policy
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Multiple Payment Options
Product Info & Care
- The Go Softwear Super Padded Boxer Brief gives you the regular fit and feel of a standard boxer brief, but it provides a big bang in the back. Go from flat to impressive in your new jeans. Instantly you will start turning heads and making people think you live in the gym, doing squats.
- Fabric Content - 90% cotton, 10% Lycra spandex


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Featured Post
OUR SPACE, OUR PLANNED PARENTHOOD: Reflections on Proudly Owning Our Reproductive Health as Black Women
Category: African Americans for Planned Parenthood
Angela Ferrell-Zabala is the Director of African American Leadership and Engagement for Planned Parenthood Federation of America and Planned Parenthood Action Fund The things that I remember most about growing up in my family are the rich stories that were shared. The words would dance from the mou…Continue Reading
Gynotician of the Week: House Speaker Thom Tillis
Category: State Fights
Even before he assumed the role of House Speaker, Thom Tillis made clear that limiting a woman's right to make her own personal medical decisions was a top priority. His priorities became more than clear this week when he played an integral role in maneuvering two bills, both originally unrelated to…Continue Reading
Photos: Stand with Women Rally on Capitol Hill
Planned Parenthood Federation of America president Cecile Richards brought the "Stand with Women" message to Washington, DC as she rallied with hundreds of staff and youth leaders from across the country to say "enough is enough" to politicians in states like Texas and North Carolina, who continue t…Continue Reading
Stand with Texas Women Bus Tour Stops in Dallas and Fort Worth
Category: Abortion, State Fights, Photos
On Wednesday, the bus stopped in Dallas for a press conference outside City Hall that drew about two hundred supporters. In Dallas, even the dogs were decked out in orange to support Texas women! The program was led by the CEO of Planned Parenthood of Greater Texas, Ken Lambrecht, Cecile Richards, …Continue Reading
On the Road: Stand with Texas Women Bus Stops in Austin and Houston
Category: Abortion, State Fights
Rick Perry and his allies have lit a fuse in Texas. They've slashed funding for women's health and cut 130,000 women off from their only source of care. Now, they're pushing their dangerous agenda to a new extreme — threatening to shut down dozens of health centers, denying even more women access to…Continue Reading
Why I Got Arrested for Women's Health
Category: State Fights
You've seen the news: When they thought no one was looking last week, state senators in North Carolina tucked several dangerous attacks on women's health into an unrelated bill. Legislation originally meant to -- yes, you're reading this right -- ban "Sharia Law" in North Carolina will now also seve…Continue Reading
Recent Posts
Guest Post: The Hyde Amendment 38 Years Ago Today—An Anniversary I'd Like to Forget
September 30, 2014
OUR SPACE, OUR PLANNED PARENTHOOD: Reflections on Proudly Owning Our Reproductive Health as Black Women
September 25, 2014
ShowOUT to Vote: Why I'm Helping My Fellow Classmates Register to Vote
September 24, 2014
Four Fun Facts: Why Recent Over-the-Counter Birth Control Proposals are Really Underhanded
September 8, 2014
Court Protects Alabama Women from Dangerous Abortion Restrictions, But Similar Laws Loom in Other States
August 5, 2014


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Dear Mr. B.,
There are quite a few Americans who are of the opinion that most Brits disapprove of us on the whole. Nevertheless, I'm not sure whether that is really and truly the case, or if we Americans have simply developed some sort of complex over the years. So I'd like to ask you, is it true that many Brits dislike us Yanks all that much personally, or are a lot of blokes just not through being mad about Johnny Cash?


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Here are some of the latest health and medical news
developments, compiled by the editors of
Liposuction Now Leading Plastic Surgery In U.S.: Study
Liposuction has surpassed breast augmentation as the most
popular type of plastic surgery in the United States, according to
a new industry study.
It also said that more plastic surgery is performed in the U.S.
than in any other country,
CBS News reported.
In the U.S., liposuction now accounts for 18.8 percent of
plastic surgery procedures, said the International Society of
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.
That's followed by breast augmentation (17 percent) and eyelid
lifts (13.5 percent. Breast augmentation was the leading type of
plastic surgery in the U.S. for a decade,
CBS News reported.
Meningitis Risk Influenced By Certain Genes: Researchers
Genes that increase a person's risk of bacterial meningitis have
been identified by an international team of scientists, who said
their findings may lead to the development of new vaccines.
The researchers compared DNA from 1,400 people with bacterial
meningitis and 6,000 healthy people and determined that differences
in a family of immune response-related genes affect a person's
level of risk for the infection,
BBC News reported.
The study appears in the journal
Nature Genetics.
"This exciting work has thrown new light on factors that play a part in determining why some people get meningococcal disease and others do not," Sue Davie, chief executive of the Meningitis Trust, told BBC News. "Further work will be needed to establish just what the genetic differences are in the genes which actually cause this susceptibility to invasive infection, but this is a promising start."
Scientists Regrow Spinal Cord Nerve Cells In Mice
In tests on mice, scientists achieved substantial regrowth of
spinal cord nerve cells (axons) that control voluntary movement --
the first time this has been achieved, says a new study.
While the ability to grow new nerve cells is present at birth,
that capability diminishes with age. As a result, axons can't
regenerate after illness or injury,
BBC News reported.
U.S. researchers attempted to reactivate the signaling pathway
that encourages new nerve cell growth in young mammals. They did
this by deleting a gene called PTEN in mice with severed spinal
cords. Normally, this gene stops new cell growth.
The mice in the study showed substantial nerve regrowth in their
spinal cords,
BBC News reported.
The study appears in the journal
Nature Neuroscience.
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Copyright © EBSCO Publishing. All rights reserved.


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ITIL® and IT Service Management
Infrastructure Library (ITIL®) provides IT professionals with the abiity to identify, plan, deliver and support IT services to business and organizations. ITIL®'s practical framework makes it the most widely adopted IT Service Management approach in the world.
UNM Continuing Education offers the ITIL® V3 Foundation Certificate in IT Service Management which certifies that the candidate has gained knowledge of the ITIL® terminology, structure and basic concepts and has comprehended the core principles of ITIL® practices for Service Management. The course includes the certification exam, held on the last day of class.
Music Classes
Learn to play a musical instrument, or expand your current musical skills in our fun classes. We offer guitar classes, along with other instruments such as harp, dulcimer and piano. All skill levels are welcome. You can also work on your voice skills by joining our singing and choir classes in both jazz and traditional styles. Give yourself the gift of music that will last a lifetime.
Mediation and Conflict Resolution
Negotiation and dispute-resolution skills are important keys to success in today's work environments, whether negotiating with organizations or working through relationships with coworkers.
This program is designed for administrative and management professionals, career and life coaches, counselors and social workers, medical and legal professionals.


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Software Map
Tag cloud | Project Tree | Project List
Project tree
Now limiting view to projects in the following categories:
Environment :: Console (Text Based) [Remove This Filter]
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8 projects in result set.
|0. PostgreSQL table comparator - pgComparator is a tool to compare possibly very big tables in different locations and report differences, with a network and time-efficient approach.
|Activity Percentile: 79.37
Activity Ranking: 27.00
Registered: 2004-08-20 08:45
|1. DBLink-TDS - DBLink-TDS is a very simple version of the dblink contrib module but linked with freetds libs to connect to a MSSQL remote database.
Right now it's possible to returns tables with SELECTs and manipulate data with INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE.
|Activity Percentile: 38.10
Activity Ranking: 79.00
Registered: 2005-05-03 01:54
|2. GTIN Data Type - The GTIN data type is a full-featured, indexable data type implemented in C that allows values to be stored for all GTIN-compatible bar codes, including UPC, EAN 8, EAN 13, EAN 14, and SSCC.
|Activity Percentile: 16.67
Activity Ranking: 106.00
Registered: 2006-09-15 18:24
|3. pgLoggerCSV - pgLoggerCSV é um dameon em Linux que pega o log do Postgres e salva em uma tabela no próprio Postgres de forma automática, usado para monitoramento via query.
|Activity Percentile: 9.52
Activity Ranking: 115.00
Registered: 2010-03-31 16:37
|4. Oralink - Oralink is a transparent gateway to access Oracle (tm) databases directly from PostgreSQL.
Can be used for integration , replication, or simply to access Oracle(tm) data using PostgreSQL .
|Activity Percentile: 0.00
Activity Ranking: 0.00
Registered: 2004-11-02 18:07
|5. Natural Language Log Translation Utility - pg_logtranslate is an admin utility allowing translation of PostgreSQL messages in the log file from one natural language to another.
|Activity Percentile: 0.00
Activity Ranking: 0.00
Registered: 2004-07-06 04:40
|6. Postgres-XC - Postgres-XC is a write-scalable synchronous multi-master PostgreSQL cluster with the following features.
1) Both read and write scalability.
2) Configured with more than one server.
3) Complete global transaction and visibility management.
|Activity Percentile: 0.00
Activity Ranking: 0.00
Registered: 2010-03-16 01:02
|7. Bizgres - Bizgres project creates and builds a PostgreSQL "distribution", including experimental core mods, for an optimized Business Intelligence version. Downloads and Docs are on homepage www.bizgres.org
|Activity Percentile: 0.00
Activity Ranking: 0.00
Registered: 2005-04-16 19:13


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Once you leave the hospital, you will be asked to monitor your body for the following:
High blood pressure is a common problem after transplant. Some of the new medications you will take after transplant may cause an increase in blood pressure. An increase in weight can also be a factor in raising your blood pressure. You will be monitoring and recording your blood pressure at home. These recordings will be reviewed during your visit to the transplant clinic. You may be required to take medication to keep your blood pressure under control.
Inova, 8110 Gatehouse Road, Falls Church, VA 22042
1-855-MY-INOVA | Contact Us


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FIU's basketball teams come into their first Conference USA games — the women Wednesday night at home against Rice, the men at Rice on Thursday — looking a bit on the haggard side.
FIU men's coach Anthony Evans thinks a lack of depth hurt FIU on its current run of losses to Louisville, Georgetown and Florida A&M. FIU's women, at 6-7, still are figuring out how to refit themselves after losing center Marita Davydova to eligibility issues.
"We'll never make up for the loss of Marita Davydova," FIU women's coach Cindy Russo said. "My biggest fear is the wear and tear it's going to have on all these young kids that have not played minutes. They're doing fine now. We've got five months of just playing games. They get tired. And weary. It's going to be tough at the end."
Looking for an upside to FIU women's basketball usually means asking about the latest from senior guard Jerica Coley. The answer Wednesday would be that, barring abominable luck or shooting, Coley will become FIU's all-time leading scorer Wednesday. Her 2,508 points sit only a few jumpers behind the 2,515 Albena Branzova compiled from 1991-95.
Coley's 28.7 points per game puts her second in the nation behind Baylor's Odyssey Sims' 30.8. She's the only Panther scoring in double figures.
"I do concern myself with her longevity," Russo said. "When you're seniors, you're giving it all you've got. I don't think you see a fatigue factor coming in with her. She's going to play out strong. That's going to be helpful. Hopefully, we can continue to grow. We have some talent, we're just really young. There's a lot of experience in our conference, kids who have been playing three or four years."
Evans parallels Russo's concerns about depth. Four of FIU's five starters average more than 30 minutes per game.
"You look at Rakeem [Buckles. a fifth-year senior forward], who hasn't played in a couple of years, and he's going through a full season right now," Evans said. "Physically, you want to make sure that he can play to his top level throughout the season. But we have to continue to monitor that. Just having people to put in there to give guys a rest is the biggest thing."
The men go from Rice on Thursday to Louisiana Tech on Saturday.
"Rice is very disciplined, methodical, execute very well and shoot the basketball," Evans said. "They have a point guard who is similar to Ray Taylor, which creates some defensive problems for us. Penetration-wise, we're going to have to do a good job of keeping them out of the lane. Louisiana Tech's a very very good mid-major team. They've been together for a year, had a lot of success last year and bring basically everybody back. They pressure you, they can score."


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Roman Holidays Hostel
Welcome to Roman Holidays Hostel in Rome !
The roman holidays hostel is a centrally located hostel only a few steps away
from the main train station termini , and a short walk from all the main attractions of the city.
The rooms:
*Free WIFI in all the rooms*
*All private rooms and dorm rooms have air conditioning*
* All of our rooms have bed linen provided*
*All dorm rooms have security lockers in the room*
* All private rooms(doubles,triples and quads) have towels and flat screen*
*TVs with CABLE/SKY TV for our dorm guests is provided in the common area*
* Our rooms are non smoking*
Kitchen/Common area
-Cable/SKY satellite TV
-Free internet station and WIFI in all the rooms
-book exchange/library
Roman Holidays Hostel also boasts...
*Clean spacious rooms with en-suite bathrooms or shared depending on your budget*
*Hot showers 24 hours a day*
*Free Rome maps*
*no curfew*
*Lookers in all the dorm rooms*
*Multi lingual staff*
Roman Holidays Hostel is a new medium sized hostel in the center of Rome just 5 minutes walking distance from Roma Termini station, and within walking distance to all major attractions.
Its unique location makes it very easy for travelers to connect with any type of transportation you may need, bus, metro, shuttles or trains to both Rome airports.
You will also find supermarkets, pharmacies and other specialty shops all round the hostel. For those of you that love shopping buses to fashion outlets are also 3 minutes from the hostel.
Availability & RatesTo view availability and prices please select dates and click 'Update Dates'
Hostel Facilities & Policies
- Adaptors
- Air Conditioning
- Board Games
- Book exchange
- Breakfast not included
- Cable TV
- Child Friendly
- Common Room
- DVDs
- Elevator
- Free City Maps
- Free Internet Access
- Free Wifi
- Hair Dryers
- Hot Showers
- Internet Access
- Kitchen
- Linen Included
- Lockers
- Lock Out
- Luggage Storage
- Meals Available
- No Curfew
- Non Smoking
- Reading Light
- Safety Deposit Box
- Tea/Coffee Making Facilities
- Tours/Travel Desk
- Towels For Hire
Cancellation PolicyThis property has a 2 day cancellation policy. Failure to cancel within this time will result in a cancellation charge equal to the first night of your stay.
Must-Read Hostel InfoThis property has specific Terms & Conditions.
Please note:
The reception stays open from 8.00 until 0.00 but there's no curfew.
The check in time starts at 14:00, if you arrive before you can leave the luggage but the room will be at your disposal starting from 14:00.
Check out before 10:30.
We do not provide additional papers for visa applications.
We don't accept online bookings for groups over 15 people.
We don't accept group bookings for only 1 night.
Cancellations or alterations are only accepted via email, 48 hours prior to our check in time at 14:00. Late cancellation or no-show – one night charge.
Taxes not included - city tax 3.50 euro per person per night to be paid locally.
Breakfast not included.
DirectionsShow MapHide Map
From Termini station: Exit from platform 1 Head left on Via Marsala. At the stop light, Via Marsala changes name to Via Volturno and we are at number 27, just buzz Roman Holidays, we don't have a big sign.
From Fiumicino Airport: Follow the signs for 'ai treni'. At the platform, buy a ticket for the non-stop train to Termini. Don't forget to validate your ticket with the little orange box before you get on the train. You can also get the shuttle bus direct to Termini station on via Marsala.
From Ciampino airport the shuttle bus leaves you at via Marsala which is the continuation of via Volturno, so where the bus leaves you off we are 3 minutes away.
Located Near
We are near the Termini station, about 20 minutes walk from the Colosseum Roman Forum, Trevi Fountain, Spanish Steps, Pantheon, Piazza Navona, Santa Maria Maggiore and the beautiful park of Villa Borghese that houses the famous Galleria Borghese Museum


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Open University: 60 second adventures in religion
Last year, Open University brought us '60-second adventures in thought' — a fascinating and wonderfully animated series exploring six famous philosophy thought experiments. This season, they're back with '60-Second Adventures in Religion' — four short informative primers on some major theories of religious studies.
The first introduces Karl Marx and his concept of religion as a vehicle of illusory happiness and a means of oppression and social control:
The second explores religion as ritual through the work of pioneering sociologist Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte
The final installment explores religion as a virus, a concept proposed by Richard Dawkins, who famously coined the term 'meme':
via Brain Pickings


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|Home | Special Occasions | Christmas | Hire & Coach Parties | Contact Us | History & Gallery |
Book Online Now »
Double Winners of The Tea Guild's Top UK Tea Place and the Home of West Country Afternoon Teas
Judged as 'near perfect' and awarded The UK's Top Tea Place by the prestigious UK Tea Guild The Bridge Tea Rooms offers the very best in traditionally British Afternoon Teas, lunches and light meals throughout the day.
One of Britain's Great Tea Rooms
The afternoon ritual of serving tea has been developed to a fine art here, and is so accomplished that the Bridge Tea Rooms has been recognized as excellent by the prestigious UK Tea Guild for many years. Delicate bone china, the finest leaf teas, and friendly staff in Victorian costumes serving home-made cakes, pastries and sandwiches. Housed in a former blacksmith's cottage dating from 1502, the Bridge Tea Rooms positively oozes atmosphere, and the classical music playing gently in the background sets a tranquil tone.
Latest News
Whilst we have our website redesigned please call 01225 865537 to make a booking (online bookings being upgraded and not in use at the moment) or email firstname.lastname@example.com
Breakfast, Lunch & Afternoon Teas.
The Bridge Tea Rooms Gift Vouchers
Why not buy a gift vouchers for someone you love! Make a special statement and buy a specially designed Bridge Tea Rooms Gift Voucher with your own personal message.
We offer two different types, one with the monetary value shown (if you want the recipient to know just how generous you are being), and one with the description of the experience on offer, such as a 'Champagne Afternoon tea for Two'.
To buy a voucher either:
1. visit the tea rooms to pay and pickup the voucher.
2. email firstname.lastname@example.com with your voucher request including message, and call 01225 865537 to pay for the voucher. We will then email the voucher with the message to you.
The Bridge Tea Rooms Bakery
Why not buy one of our fantastic homemade cakes! Call 01225 865537 to order. Click here for
Telephone 01225 865537
Website Design by WEBcouk - Hosting by JPC InfoNet


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| Subject to Credit Approval
"Customer service is priority #1 at Rocky Mountain ATV/MC. We value our customers and strive to be the best shopping experience- when you buy from us, you are buying lifetime service."
-Dan Thomas, CEO and Founder
We take pride in offering no hassle returns. In the event of a return, please call, email or chat with us to receive a solution to the problem. For apparel that doesn't fit quite right, Click here to see our Fit Guaranteed Program.
We will stand behind all products we sell with regards to manufacturing defects in workmanship and material. Most products are limited to the manufacturer's warranty. However, we will do everything in our power to take care of the problem.
Live chat: Click here
(Leave email if after hours)
Call us: 1 800 336-5437
7am-7pm Mon-Fri 8am-4pm Sat (Mountain Standard Time)
Each review submitted enters you into a $100 gift card monthly drawing, and a $500 gift card quarterly drawing!
Comments On Aug 12, 2014:After using this I have made Maxima oils one of my favorite brands. will be ordering more Maxima products as needed.
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Comments On Apr 26, 2014:Good kit
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Comments On Apr 22, 2014:works great on chain...use it all the time
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Comments On Dec 02, 2013:this stuff works great. love this product been using it for years!
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Comments On Nov 22, 2013:Keeps my chain in working order
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Comments On Nov 21, 2013:I used to only buy just the cleaner and wax but I decided to pick up the whole kit this time. The other can helps to displace water after a wash or rinsing off the cleaner completely so the wax can work properly.
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Comments On Jul 17, 2013:It is nice to to have all of the chain care needs taken care of in one package at a reasonable price. Chain cleaner is a must in my opinion in the dusty climate where I ride.
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Comments On Jul 02, 2013:Had friends rave about this stuff so i decided to try it and it is magic. It makes your old chain brand new when you spray it on..... Well that is an exaggeration but the product does work very well!
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Comments On Jul 01, 2013:Everyone deserves to have these products in their garage. I especially like the chain wax. Its all I use on my chains.
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Comments On Feb 11, 2013:All you need in one kit.
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Google's chess move -- and why it's brilliant
Changes to the company's privacy policy promise to exchange value for information.
By Tim Beyers
Skeptics and cheerleaders alike have long wondered when Google (GOOG) would become Big Brother. Mark Jan. 27 as the day it happened.
Four days ago, the Big G announced changes to its privacy policy that, in effect, allow all of its distinct products to actively share and act upon data comprehensively. You can look at this in one of two ways:
- Google is keeping the equivalent of an FBI file on you and using the aggregated information to boost profits.
- Google is tracking every service you use and how you use it in an effort to raise the value it's providing you. And, yeah, boost profits by collecting more relevant data for advertising.
No matter what Google says, privacy advocates and competitors will eventually argue that the company has gone too far because it already has a history of doing so. Unauthorized Wi-Fi mapping, for example. Facebook attempted to capitalize on Google's history of snooping gaffes with an unseemly stealth smear campaign that, thankfully, went nowhere.
Trouble in the clouds
The social network may have gone too far, but Microsoft (MSFT) chief executive Steve Ballmer already has a history of sticking it to Google in public statements, at one point saying that "no one uses" its Apps suite. What do you want to bet Ballmer will trash Google's new privacy policy the first time he's asked about it?
He'll get cheers if he does. Privacy advocates tend to express doubts about anything that exists primarily as a Web service because of the distance between data and user. Store information in far-flung servers and it becomes more vulnerable, the thinking goes, largely because of high-profile hacking stories.
Last year's takedown of Sony's PlayStation Network highlights the danger. Holes in Amazon.com's (AMZN) Web Services platform were thought to be partially to blame, a scary proposition, given the huge number of businesses that use the e-tailer for hosting support.
Help for your brain
Which leads us to the question that matters most now that a more integrated Google experience is forthcoming: Is the trade-off worth it? Would you or any of us be OK were our accounts hacked and data exposed? What would the consequences be?
Frankly, it's a tough question to answer, but I'd probably feel no different than if I'd have suffered any other form of identity theft. I use Google's services frequently for the value created when they act in sync. The Big G knows it, too, and provided an example in the FAQ explaining the benefits of its privacy changes:
A more consistent user experience across Google might mean that we give you more accurate spelling suggestions because you've typed them before. Or maybe we can tell you that you'll be late for a meeting based on your location, your calendar, and the local traffic conditions. Google users still have to do too much heavy lifting, and we want to do a better job of helping them.
Making the call: Buy
We don't yet know how all this will play out over the long term. But integrated services are easy to imagine, and we already know from public statements that the Google+ social network is positioning to become a sort of communications flashpoint similar to what Microsoft has created with the People Hub embedded in Windows Phone. Privacy-policy changes are the first step to making this dream real, and I think that's worth enough to make an "outperform" call on the stock.
Agree? Disagree? Let me know in the comments below.
Fool contributor Tim Beyers is a member of the Motley Fool Rule Breakers stock-picking team. He owned shares of Google at the time of publication. The Motley Fool owns shares of Google, Amazon.com, and Microsoft. Motley Fool newsletter services have recommended buying shares of Google, Microsoft, and Amazon.com and creating a bull call spread position in Microsoft. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools don't all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
OMGOOGLE! Well I guess the hype has really gone to the heads of Googledom.What on earth are they thinking?? That we will willingly let them trash us? They had the opportunity to show some backbone in China on these surveillance issues but then of course caved to the Chinese Government so they could keep spying on their citizenship. And now behold! GOOGLE think this spying idea is absolutely spiffy too(- and why not make tons of money with it to boot) SLIMY!!
SLIMY!!, SLIMY!!!! The saying goes,' you know the price of everything,but the value of nothing'-so what dollar amount do you put on freedom and independance??? The cracks in Gooledom's foundations are showing, and they may well sink all the way down into the murkey moat of corporate greed-but not with ME!
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The expected $3.36 billion offering from Citizens Financial Group won't come close to Alibaba's, but it will be an important one for the market.
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University Relations
ABERDEEN, S.D. – Two more musical performances are scheduled in conjunction with a Smithsonian Institution traveling exhibition on display at Northern State University's Williams Library.
The performances, which are free and open to the public, will both be at Williams Library. They are: Pete Burckhard, acoustic blues performance, 7 p.m. June 6; and Flying Pig Fiddle & Banjo Band, old-time Southern Appalachian string band, 3 p.m. June 10.
Burckhard has been playing guitar since he was 8 years old – a $20 Stella with "razor blades for strings." At 13, he discovered the music that would be his life's study. In South Dakota, this kind of music was unknown, but Burckhard searched hard and long to learn the songs and the culture that he found to be the blues. Throughout his life, he has always had his heart in blues while playing and singing in rock, jazz and blues bands around this part of the country.
"The Smithsonian tour is an opportunity for me to teach a little about the enormous and important influence of the blues, and Delta blues in particular, on every other genre of American music," he said. "The blues have been a lifelong study of mine, and one that I enjoy sharing."
Dave Losure and Mary Schaeffer-Losure will perform as "Flying Pig Fiddle & Banjo." Traveling from their farm home in central Iowa, the couple brings a passion for playing old-time southern Appalachian string band music on fiddles, fretless banjo, banjo-mandolin, mountain dulcimer, guitar and rhythm instruments. This is tap-your-foot dance music learned live from older generations, and recordings made in the field and in studios during the 1920s and 30s. The tunes are of Celtic origin and were carried by immigration to the Southeastern states, where they mixed with African and American Indian rhythms, and have been played in homes and barns for dancers from the time of settlement to the present.
"New Harmonies: Celebrating American Roots Music," which will be on display at Williams Library through June 10, is hosted by NSU in cooperation with the South Dakota Humanities Council. The exhibit, designed for viewers grade 4 and up, includes photographs, recordings, instruments, lyrics and artist profiles.
For information, visit "New Harmonies."


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When I usually favorite an artwork, it's mostly for three reasons:
- it represents, or evocates, something I particularly love.
- it inspires me.
- it's incredibly amazing, in my opinion.
Usually one of these things prevails, but this doesn't mean that the others aren't important. So, these are the best artworks I've seen during this month. That's why I believe they are all worth checking out!
Drawings and Traditional Art:
Digital Art and Photomanipulations:
:thumb151056876: :thumb171695061: :thumb171677009: :thumb171668672:
Here are some of my latest works:
New Textures in my Stock Account:
And here are the groups I joined during this month:


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Today, we are excited to announce several new services that enable customers from all walks of life embrace cloud and maximize the opportunity it brings.
Recent Posts
Enabling CDN for Azure Websites
This tutorial will teach you the basics of setting up a CDN server for intergration with an Azure Website
Azure Automation: Controlling Runbook Streams for Testing and Troubleshooting
In this post, I will cover some concepts and best practices for controlling runbook streams that will help you debug and troubleshoot your runbooks.
Azure Media Services now supported by JW Player
Azure Media Services already provides support for some of the most common streaming formats. This list includes Microsoft Smooth Streaming, industry standard mpeg-DASH and Apple HTTP Live streaming. This partnership enables us to offer our customers a choice of using one of the most popular players available.
Scale is never a problem with Azure Websites
A key benefit of running your apps on Azure Websites is that the cloud gives you the ability to scale out seamlessly. Instead of buying new servers, you simply drag your Instance slider to get more machines.
Azure Websites Virtual Network Integration
Azure Websites is happy to announce support for integration between your Azure VNET and your Azure Websites. The Virtual Network feature grants your website access to resources running your VNET.
Getting Started with Azure Management Libraries for Java
In this post, I'll introduce you to the management libraries for Java and walk you through the process of getting an Eclipse project up and running that you can extend and use to create and manage your own Azure subscription and resources within it.
How to host a Scalable and Optimized WordPress for Azure in minutes
WordPress is one of the most popular Blogging Engines that not only allows you to create blog websites, it can also be used to create corporate as well as ecommerce sites with its oceans of plugins and extensibility. This post shows you a hassle-free way to spin up a scalable and optimized WordPress site in just minutes for Azure.
DASH Live Streaming with Azure Media Service
This article focuses on the live streaming DASH features enabled by Azure Media Service, and how they can be used to deliver live and video on demand adaptive streaming to Web browsers and new devices of all types. DASH live streaming is now available for public preview, and will graduate to "general availability" with normal service level agreements after the preview period.
Azure SQL Database Geo-Restore
This post continues our series on the Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery (BCDR) capabilities of Azure SQL Database and focuses on geo-restore. In my previous post on standard geo-replication I discussed how the various business continuity features map to service tiers.
Announcing Long Term Retention for Azure Backup
Previously, we had announced long term retention for cloud backups from DPM. With this month's release of the Azure Backup service, we are extending that capability to cloud backups from all currently supported SKUs of Windows Server and Windows Server Essentials.


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Do you have thousands of poorly labeled music files scattered all around your hard drive that are just waiting to be organized and renamed? This is where NeatMP3 comes in with its intuitive interface and powerful organizing engine. With NeatMP3 you can merge, organize, rename and edit the tags of your audio files in a single processing session. Just select a set of audio files, choose the way in which your files will be organized and renamed from a wide more...
What's New
Version 2.0.0:
- Automatic online search for missing tags
- Automatic removal of invalid tags
- New user interface skin
- OS X 10.6 or later


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Panic in level 4 : cannibals, killer viruses, and other journeys to the edge of
Richard Preston
Adult Nonfiction RC81 .P856 2008
Richard Preston
Adult Nonfiction RC81 .P856 2008
Summary: Dramatic true stories about the frightening forces and constructive discoveries that are currently roiling and reordering our world.
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Thyroid Nodules and Cancer
Topic Overview
About 5% of thyroid nodules that are found during a physical examination in adults are cancerous.1 Nodules that develop after radiation therapy are more likely to be cancerous. On average, cancer develops 10 to 20 years after radiation therapy. A multinodular goiter is as likely to be cancerous as a single nodule.
Thyroid nodules are less common in children than adults. Although some studies have shown cancerous nodules are more common in children, other studies have found the risk is similar in children and adults.2
There are five types of cancerous nodules.
Related Information
eMedicineHealth Medical Reference from Healthwise
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To learn more visit Healthwise.org
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Utilising irrigation water from the Lachlan River and deep, fresh water aquifers, Cowl Cowl Station produces wheat, corn, faba beans, chickpeas, barley, canola and cotton as well as wine grapes, goat meat and cashmere. The access to our water is closely monitored and controlled, ensuring this precious resource is used efficiently.
Cowl Cowl Station produces and markets a wide range of cereals and pulses as well as goat meat and cashmere. We regularly store our production and market it throughout the year to better meet the needs of our customers.
The ICM Agribusiness Group is seeking a leader for our property 'Cowl Cowl... More info Apply
© 2007 ICM Agribusiness Pty Ltd


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Further your company's success by managing spend, optimising resources, complying with financial reporting requirements, and streamlining operations better than the competition – with integrated ERP financials processes.
See how Saudi Arabia-based Consolidated Can Manufacturing Company (CCMC) standardised and streamlined 90% of its business processes, reduced overhead costs, and improved operational efficiencies with our SAP ERP software.*
Enable your business to quickly and efficiently support a wide range of internal and external accounting and reporting requirements by integrating managerial and financial accounting processes in one application.
Find out how this Mexican financial services provider unified processes in its six companies to improve cost control and visibility. The result? Multiva reduced the time spent measuring expenses by cost centre from three days to minutes.*
Want to learn more about this SAP solution?
Support your most complex financial requirements with accurate accounting and reporting processes that comply with global financial reporting standards.
Give your accounting and reporting teams the right foundation to produce high-quality results using powerful management accounting tools.
Find more SAP solution information. Finance ›
*All implementation results are for informational purposes only and the examples provided while based on actual SAP customers' experiences do not represent commitments or guarantees by SAP and/or its partners. Actual pricing, costs, and implementation results may vary, based on customer-specific requirements and needs. The only warranties for SAP products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.


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Should your preferred language not be available, contents will be displayed in English.
Request the latest driver for your Barco medical display system in a few easy steps:
You will receive an email including a link to the driver as soon as your request has been submitted.
Alternatively you can download the latest drivers directly from my.barco.com. To register to this password-protected area, please click here.
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23 Sep 2014
Why BYOD really does save costs
23 Sep 2014 - 25 Sep 2014Europaplein 22 - NETHERLANDS