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A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. To get a patent, technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent application.
In principle, the patent owner has the exclusive right to prevent or stop others from commercially exploiting the patented invention. In other words, patent protection means that the invention cannot be commercially made, used, distributed, imported or sold by others without the patent owner's consent.
Patents are territorial rights. In general, the exclusive rights are only applicable in the country or region in which a patent has been filed and granted, in accordance with the law of that country or region.
WIPO Lex provides easy access to intellectual property legislation from a wide range of countries and regions as well as to treaties on intellectual property.
Many national or regional patent Offices provide information concerning national or regional legislation on their websites. A list of URLs of national and regional intellectual property offices are available.
The protection is granted for a limited period, generally 20 years from the filing date of the application.
An invention must, in general, fulfill the following conditions to be protected by a patent. It must be of practical use and must show an element of novelty, that is, some new characteristic which is not known in the body of existing knowledge in its technical field. This body of existing knowledge is called "prior art". In addition the invention must involve an inventive step which could not be obviously deduced by a person with average knowledge of the technical field. Further the invention must be capable of industrial application, meaning that it must be capable of being used for an industrial or business purpose beyond a mere theoretical phenomenon.
Finally, its subject matter must be accepted as "patentable" under law. In many countries, scientific theories, aesthetic creations, mathematical methods, plant or animal varieties, discoveries of natural substances, commercial methods, methods for medical treatment (as opposed to medical products) or computer programs are generally not patentable.
Procedural and substantive requirements for the grant of patents are different from one country or region to the other. In particular, practices and case law regarding the patentability of software-related inventions vary significantly in different countries. For example, in some countries, "inventions" within the meaning of patent law must have a "technical character". Therefore, certain inventions that embody software may have technical character and thus fall under patentable subject matter, while software as such is excluded from patentable subject matter. In other countries, such requirements do not exist, so that software is generally patentable subject matter. However, even if software is patentable subject matter, the invention shall not fall under other non-patentable subject matter, such as abstract ideas or mathematical theories, and has to fulfill the other substantive criteria of patentability, such as novelty, inventive step (non-obviousness) and industrial applicability (usefulness), among other requirements.
It is therefore recommended that you consult a practicing lawyer who is specialized in intellectual property or the intellectual property offices of those countries in which you are interested in obtaining protection. A list of URLs and a directory of national and regional intellectual property offices are available. In addition, WIPO Lex provides easy access to intellectual property legislation from a wide range of countries and regions in order to familiarize with the different requirements.
In general, computer programs are protected under copyright as literary works. Copyright protection does not depend on any formalities such as registration or the deposit of copies in countries party to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne Convention). This means that international copyright protection is automatic. The protection starts with the creation or fixation of the work, such as software or a webpage. However, according to a well-established principle, copyright protection extends only to expressions, not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such. Many companies protect the object code of computer programs by copyright, while the source code is kept as a trade secret. Further information on patents and software and business methods is available.
A patent owner has the right to decide who may – or may not – use the patented invention for the period in which the invention is protected. The patent owner may give permission to, or license, other parties to use the invention on mutually agreed terms. The owner may also sell the right to the invention to someone else, who will then become the new owner of the patent. Once a patent expires, the protection ends, and an invention enters the public domain, that is, anyone can commercially exploit the invention without infringing the patent.
Patent rights are usually enforced in a court on the initiative of the owner, which, in most systems, holds the authority to stop patent infringement. The main responsibility for monitoring, identifying and taking action against infringers of a patent lies with the patent owner.
Patented inventions have, in fact, pervaded every aspect of human life, from electric lighting (patents held by Edison and Swan) and plastic (patents held by Baekeland), to ballpoint pens (patents held by Biro) and microprocessors (patents held by Intel, for example).
All patent owners are obliged, in return for patent protection, to publicly disclose information on their invention in order to enrich the total body of technical knowledge in the world. Such an ever-increasing body of public knowledge promotes further creativity and innovation in others. In this way, patents provide not only protection for the owner but valuable information and inspiration for future generations of researchers and inventors.
Once knowledge is publicly available, by its nature, it can be used simultaneously by an unlimited number of persons. While this is, without doubt, perfectly acceptable for public information, it causes a dilemma for the commercialization of technical knowledge. In the absence of protection of such knowledge, free-riders could easily use technical knowledge embedded in inventions without any recognition of the creativity of the inventor or contribution to the investments made by the inventor. As a consequence, inventors would naturally be discouraged to bring new inventions to the market, and tend to keep their commercially valuable inventions secret as much as possible.
Therefore, patents provide incentives to individuals by offering them recognition for their creativity and the possibility of material reward for their inventions. In return for the exclusive right provided by a patent, the patent applicant is required to disclose the invention to the public by providing detailed, accurate and complete written description of the invention in the patent application. Further, the public disclosure of the technical knowledge in the patent and the exclusive right granted by the patent provide incentives for competitors to search for alternative solutions and to "invent around" the first invention. These incentives and the dissemination of knowledge about new inventions encourage further innovation, which assures that the quality of human life and the well-being of society is continuously enhanced.
Filing for and grant of patents
In many countries, applicants may prepare their patent applications and file them without assistance from a patent attorney. However, given the complexity of patent documents and the legal skills required, such as claim drafting, it is highly advisable to seek legal assistance from a patent attorney/agent when drafting a patent application.
Furthermore, the legislation of many countries requires that the applicant whose ordinary residence or principal place of business is outside the country be represented by an attorney or agent admitted in the country (which usually means an agent or attorney who resides and practices in that country). Information on the admitted attorneys and agents may be obtained directly from the national IP offices.
A patent is granted by a national patent office or by a regional office that does the work for a number of countries. Currently, regional patent offices are the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI), the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), the Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO), the European Patent Office (EPO) and the Patent Office of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC Patent Office). Under such regional systems, an applicant requests protection for the invention in one or more Member States of the regional organization, and the regional office accepts patent applications, which have the same effect as national applications, or grants patents, if all the criteria for the grant of such a regional patent are met.
There is currently, no international system for the grant of patents.
At present, no "world patent" or "international patent" exists.
Patents are territorial rights. In general, an application for a patent must be filed, and a patent shall be granted and enforced, in each country in which you seek patent protection for your invention, in accordance with the law of that country. In some regions, a regional patent office, for example, the European Patent Office (EPO) and the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), accepts regional patent applications, or grants patents, which have the same effect as applications filed, or patents granted, in the member States of that region.
Further, any resident or national of a Contracting State of the WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) may file an international application under the PCT. A single international patent application has the same effect as national applications filed in each designated Contracting State of the PCT. However, under the PCT system, in order to obtain patent protection in the designated States, a patent shall be granted by each designated State to the claimed invention contained in the international application. The decision to offer patent protection is taken by each national or regional patent office designated. Further information concerning the PCT and protecting inventions abroad is available.
On the basis of a regular first application filed in one of the Contracting Parties of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention), for the purpose of filing national or regional applications in other countries or filing the international PCT applications, you can enjoy a right of priority during the period of 12 months from the date of the filing of the first application. Thus, any subsequent filing in any of the Contracting Parties before the expiration of such 12 months shall not be invalidated by reasons of any acts accomplished in the interval, such as another filing, the publication or sale of the invention. Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) must also recognize the right of priority.
Procedural and substantive requirements for the grant of patents as well as the amount of fees required are different from one country or region to the other. It is therefore recommended that you consult a practicing lawyer who is specialized in intellectual property or the intellectual property offices of those countries in which you are interested in obtaining protection. A list of URLs and a directory of national and regional intellectual property offices are available.
The costs vary considerably from country to country, and within a country, they depend on factors such as the nature of the invention, its complexity, patent attorney's fees, the length of the application and objections raised during the examination by the patent office. Some countries have discounts for small and medium-sized enterprises and for applicants filing the application on-line. In addition, some countries allow expedited examination on payment of additional fees.
In addition to the national official filing fees, once a patent is granted by the patent office, you must pay maintenance or renewal fees, generally on an annual basis, to maintain the validity of the patent.
In case you decide to patent your invention abroad, you should consider also the relevant official filing fees for each country in question, the translation costs and the costs of using local patent agents, which is a requirement in many countries for foreign applicants.
As the official filing fees vary widely from country to country, please contact the national or regional patent office which will be able to give you details on the fee structure. A list of URLs and a directory of national and regional intellectual property offices are available. Information on PCT fees is available on the PCT website.
The protection is granted for a limited period, generally 20 years from the filing date of the application, subject to the payment of a maintenance fee. In some countries, the protection may be extended beyond 20 years or a Supplementary Protection Certificate (SPC) may be issues in very specific cases. The extension has the objective to compensate the time needed for the administrative approval procedure before those products can be put on the market since the patent owner could not enjoy his right, in certain cases, for a considerable period of time after the grant of the patent.
A court may invalidate or revoke a patent upon a successful challenge by a third party. In addition, many patent offices provide administrative procedures that allow third parties to oppose to the grant of a patent (so-called "opposition systems"), for example, on the basis that the claimed invention is not new or does not involve an inventive step. Procedures for challenging patents are different from one country to the other. Find out more about opposition systems.
No. Patents are granted by patent offices in exchange for a full disclosure of the invention which is thereafter, in general, published and becomes available to the general public. Publication, however, may take place at different stages of the procedure. In some countries, the patent document is only published after the time of the grant of a patent. In other countries, patent applications are published generally after 18 months from the filing date or, where priority has been claimed, the priority date (for more detail on your country's procedure for patent application, check the website of your country's IP office).
It is important to file a patent application before publicly disclosing the details of the invention. In general, any invention which is made public before an application is filed would be considered prior art (although the definition of the term "prior art" is not uniform at the international level, in many countries, it consists of any information which has been made available to the public anywhere in the world by written or oral disclosure before the filing date). In countries which apply the above definition of the term "prior art", the applicant's public disclosure of the invention prior to filing a patent application would prevent him/her from obtaining a valid patent for that invention, since such invention would not comply with the novelty requirement. Some countries, however, allow for a grace period, usually between 6 to 12 months, which provides a safeguard for applicants who disclosed their inventions before filing a patent application. Further, the novelty criteria may be interpreted differently depending on the applicable law.
If it is inevitable to disclose your invention before filing a patent application, for example, to a potential investor or a business partner such a disclosure should be accompanied by a confidentiality or non-disclosure agreement. It should be kept in mind that generally applying early for patent protection will be useful for seeking financial support to commercialize the invention.
Patents and business
Most people think of patents in relation to major scientific breakthroughs such as Edison's first electric lamp or large corporations investing large sums in research and development. However, most patents do not concern scientific breakthroughs, but are granted for inventions that make improvements on existing inventions, for example, on a product with better performance or a process that allows a cheaper or more efficient production of a known product. In addition, certain countries have specific legal provisions for protecting rather incremental innovations under the form of utility models, which have a shorter duration than patents and are generally easier to obtain.
While it is certainly true that not all enterprises develop patentable inventions, it is a misperception to believe that patents only apply to complex physical or chemical processes and products or are only useful to large corporations. Patents may be obtained for any area of technology from paper clips to computers.
- Exclusive rights – Patents provide you with an exclusive right to prevent or stop others from commercially exploiting the invention for twenty years from the date of filing of the patent application.
- Return on investments – Having invested a considerable amount of money and time in developing innovative products, through these exclusive rights, you may be able to establish yourself in the market as the pre-eminent player and to obtain higher returns on investments.
- Opportunity to license or sell the invention – If you choose not to exploit the patent yourself, you may sell it or license the commercialization of the patented invention to another enterprise, which will be a source of income for your company.
- Increase in negotiating power – If your company is in the process of acquiring the rights to use the patents of another enterprise through a licensing contract, your patent portfolio will enhance your bargaining power. That is to say, your patents may prove to be of considerable interest to the enterprise with whom you are negotiating, and you could enter into a cross-licensing arrangement where, simply put, your enterprise and the other agree to license respective patents to each other.
- Positive image for your enterprise – Business partners, investors and shareholders may perceive patent portfolios as a demonstration of the high level of expertise, specialization and technological capacity within your company. This may prove useful for raising funds, finding business partners and raising your company's market value.
Competitors might take advantage of your invention – if the product is successful, many other competitor firms will be tempted to make the same product by using your invention without needing to ask for your permission. Larger enterprises may take advantage of scale economies to produce the product more cheaply and compete at a more favorable market price. This may considerably reduce your company's market share for that product. Even small competing enterprises can produce the same product, and often sell it at a lower price as they do not have to recoup research and development costs incurred by your company.
Possibilities to license, sell or transfer technology will be severely hindered – without IP rights, transfers of technology would be difficult if not impossible. Transfer of technology presupposes ownership of a technology which can only be effectively obtained through appropriate IP protection. Without IP protection over the technology in question, parties are suspicious of disclosing their inventions during the negotiations for transferring that technology, fearing that the other side may "run away with the invention". IP protection, in particular patent protection, is crucial for acquiring technology through its licensing.
Finally, somebody else might patent them if the invention has not been disclosed to the public. With the exception of the system applicable in the United States of America until March 16, 2013, the first person or enterprise to file a patent for an invention will have the right to the patent. This may in fact mean that, if you do not patent your inventions or inventions of the employees of your company, somebody else - who may have developed the same or an equivalent invention later - may do so and legitimately exclude your enterprise from the market, limit your activities to the continuation of prior use, where the patent legislation provides for such exception, or ask your company to pay a licensing fee for using the invention. However, to ensure that no one is able to patent your invention, you may disclose the invention to the public, thereby placing it in the public domain (commonly known as defensive publication). At the same time, if you disclose your invention before filing a patent application, you will severely limit your possibility of obtaining patent protection on that invention.
In many cases, where an enterprise has merely improved an existing product and the said improvement is not sufficiently inventive to be deemed patentable, utility models may represent a good alternative, if available in the country in question. On occasions, it may be advisable for your company to keep its innovations as trade secrets which requires, in particular, that sufficient measures are taken to keep the information confidential.
Another alternative strategy could be to ensure that no one is able to patent your invention by disclosing it (commonly known as defensive publication), thereby assuring its place in the public domain. However, you should carefully reflect on using this strategy, since if you disclose your invention before filing a patent application, you will severely limit your possibility of obtaining patent protection on that invention as well.
In most countries, if an employee has developed an invention in execution of his employment contract, i.e., usually during his working time within the enterprise, the invention (and the related patent rights) will belong to the enterprise. To avoid confusion and possible disputes, employers often specify issues of IP ownership in employment contracts. Depending on the merits of the case, the employee may, however, have a right to equitable remuneration in accordance with legislative provisions or his employment contract. Nevertheless, the employee will always retain the right to be mentioned as the inventor, unless he expressly renounces this right.
Many national or regional patent Offices provide further information on their websites. A list of URLs of national and regional intellectual property offices are available. Intellectual property legislation from a wide range of countries and regions is available at WIPO Lex.
Patent information
The industrial property system has two main functions: the so-called "exclusivity function" and "the information function". The fact that a patent gives an inventor an exclusive right on a special knowledge and by doing so limits the possibilities of access to this special technology for other enterprises is compensated by the obligation for the inventor to disclose the information about the newly developed technology for public access. This second function of the IP system, referred to as the information function, is very important for the continuous development of the technology.
Each publication of a patent document could be the base for new technical developments by other inventors. Without publication there would be no chance for the public to get information about new technical developments. It is therefore not surprising that today providing information for the public is part of the tasks of an industrial property office. In the last 30 years a change took place: with the growing use of information many industrial property offices realised that providing information to the public might in future be of equal importance to the granting of patents itself. Thus most industrial property offices decided to build up greater information capacities for the public.
Patent documents contain descriptions of scientific and technical concepts as well as practical details of processes and apparatus. Patents generally disclose technological information by describing the inventions in accordance with the requirements of the applicable patent law and by indicating the claimed novelty and inventiveness by reference to the existing state-of-the-art. They are thus sources of information, and in many cases furnish a history, in summary form, of the technological progress in the field of technology to which they relate.
The practice has shown that information contained in patent documents can be very useful to:
- avoid duplication of R&D work;
- identify specific new ideas and technical solutions, products or processes;
- identify the state-of-the-art in a specific technological field in order to be aware of the latest development;
- assess and evaluate specific technology and to identify possible licensors;
- identify alternative technology and its sources;
- locate of sources of know-how in a specific field of technology or in a given country;
- improvement of an existing product or process;
- development of new technical solutions, products or processes,
- identify existing or prospective industrial property rights (validity, ownership, ...), particularly to avoid infringement actions;
- assess novelty and patentability of own developments with a view of applying for a domestic or foreign industrial property right;
- monitor activities of competitors both within the country and abroad; and
- identify a market niche or to discover new trends in technology or product development at an early stage.
It is highly advisable for companies engaging in inventive activities to consult patent databases to find out about existing technologies, identify licensing partners and avoid duplication of research activities.
They contain technological information which is often not divulged in any other form of publication.They have a relatively standardized format including an abstract, a description of the invention, and in most cases also drawings illustrating the invention and full details on the applicant. They are classified according to technical fields (for more information, see "General Information on the International Patent Classification System"). They further provide examples of industrial applicability of an invention. They cover practically every field of technology.
In order to search patent applications and granted patents, some national or regional patent offices provide free-of-charge electronic databases via Internet (a list of URLs of such web-based databases) is available. WIPO Patentscope provides access to a free-of charge electronic database on published international patent applications filed under the PCT system and on patent collections of certain countries and regions. If web-based databases are not available, patent information is published on paper, on microfilms or CD-ROMs, or may be consulted at the national or regional patent offices.
Searchable Internet patent databases have significantly facilitated the access to patent information. However, given the complexity of patent documents and the technical and legal skills required to conduct such searches, it is advisable to contact a professional patent attorney for a high-quality patent search.
WIPO Patent Information Services (WPIS) provides free-of-charge services for users in developing countries who wish to obtain technical search results in relation to their inventions.
Hereafter are given brief descriptions of specific characteristics of patent documents, which make them extremely useful sources of technological information, with some clear advantages over other sources of information.
Description, Claims, Drawings
Patent documents generally have a fairly uniform structure that facilitates the extracting of information: the claims give the essence of what is new; the description gives the background to the invention (what was known before the invention, i.e., the "prior art"), and defines the difference between the pre-existent technology and what the invention contributes, as a new matter, as a step forward, to technology development; often patent documents contain also drawings, that illustrate the invention that is claimed.
Technological information is disclosed by describing the inventions in accordance with the requirements of the applicable patent law and by indicating the claimed novelty and inventiveness by reference to the existing state of the art. Certain patent documents are published together with a search report showing a series of references found at the occasion of a documentary search made to establish in a first instance the level of novelty of the claimed invention.
Many patent documents contain an abstract. Abstracts allow a general idea to be formed of the contents of the document within a few minutes, and in any case a much shorter time than would be required to read the full text of the patent document.
Patent documents bear "classification symbols" which facilitate very much finding and extracting relevant information from them. For the purposes of maintaining search files and performing searches for the state of the art, patent offices classify patent documents according to the field or fields of technology to which their contents relate. Although several classification systems exist, today the International Patent Classification (IPC), which was established by an intergovernmental agreement concluded more than 30 years ago and administered by WIPO, is the most widely applied by all the major industrial property offices. The main part of the high cost of processing and classifying patent documents for building up search files, and of keeping the classification system up to date, is borne directly by the patent offices which publish large numbers of patent documents; users other than the Patent Office itself thus have access to patent documentation without incurring, in addition to their costs as users, the cost of maintaining, developing and classifying their own patent documentation collections. Patent documents belonging to a given classification subdivision contain a highly concentrated supply of usually technically advanced information on a given technological field.
Patent documents bear several dates (date of application, priority date, date of grant) from which conclusions can be drawn as to the age of an invention and to the question of whether the inventions they describe are still under legal protection. If they are no longer legally protected, they can be used without the consent of the patentee.
Inventor, Applicant, Owner
Most patent documents indicate the name and address of the inventor, applicant, the patentee (the owner), and the inventor, or at least one or two of those persons. The information contains also the legal address of at least the owner and/or the applicant. These indications allow any potential licensee to contact the persons concerned in order to find out under what conditions the technology may be transferred.
According to recent WIPO statistics, the number of patent applications filed each year in the world is nearly one and a half million. Those applications result in the grant of more than half a million patents. The number of inventions which are covered by those patent applications and grants is much smaller since each invention gives rise to an average of two or three patent applications in different countries. The number of patent documents published each year, both applications and granted patents, is approximately two million, in many different languages.
There are no exact statistics on the number of patent documents published so far from the beginning of the times when patents were first published. They can, however, be estimated at over 50 million. Normally, only the recent ones are of practical importance for those searching technological information; the older ones are frequently only of historical interest. Nevertheless, access to the older documents is an absolute necessity for any industrial property offices whose law requires it to pass a judgement on the question of whether a given patent application related to an invention is, objectively, new, since such a judgement requires looking at all the existing patent documents likely to disclose a similar invention.
The main user groups of patent information are:
- industry, and in particular R&D intensive industry;
- research and development institutions;
- governmental authorities;
- small and medium-size enterprises;
- individual inventors;
- professionals in the field of industrial property, e.g. administrators of technical libraries, patent agents, researchers, producers of data banks;
- educational institutions and university students.
In practice, there are various more or less typical reasons for performing searches in collections of patent documents, each of them requiring a slightly different approach in the search method used. Some of the search types are basically concerned with technological information as such, while others are directed towards the processing of patent applications, or relevant to the legal state of a new technology. In the following subparagraphs the individual types of searches are listed separately, whereas it is a well-known fact that many items of bibliographic information may be combined in searching. In general, searches performed by inventors are usually not as exhaustive as the searches done by professionals at patent offices. However, such insights into patent documents are often very useful for the inventor to determine whether someone has already patented a similar invention, or to obtain relevant information about other patents in the same category as his invention.
Pre-Application Searches (PAS)
At first, an invention is just an idea. Many details are not even known or recognized as relevant parts. A novelty search based on a vague idea can only result in a vague picture of the prior art. The patent application process is difficult, time consuming and expensive; therefore, the inventor should conduct a "Pre-Application Search" (PAS) before filling a patent application. In this search, the inventor should look for any printed publications, public knowledge, or patents already issued in his country or a foreign country that may relate to the particular invention.
State-of-the-Art Searches
This kind of search, also referred to as "Informative Search," is made to determine the general state-of-the-art for the solution of a given technical problem as background information for R&D activities and in order to know what patent publications already exist in the field of the technology or research. Further reasons for undertaking this kind of search could be the wish to identify alternative technologies which may replace known technology or to evaluate a specific technology which is being offered for licensing or which is being considered for acquisition. State-of-the-art searches are especially useful for technology development or technology transfer purposes.
Novelty Searches
The objective of a "Novelty Search" is to determine the novelty or lack of novelty of the invention claimed in a patent application or a patent already granted, or of an invention for which no application has yet been filed. The aim of the search is to discover relevant prior art. An early novelty patent search is usually discouraging. Normally, the basic inventive ideas are formulated in such an unspecified way that many publications will apply to this broad description. Dependent on the outcome of the novelty search, the next decision will be whether to stop or to go ahead in developing the invention. If nothing of relevance was found, it is easy and you should go ahead. The decision becomes more difficult if one or several pertinent documents have been found. Most important is to restrict the search to the appropriate area. This may be done by identifying a proper place or places for the subject of the search in the IPC. .
Patentability or Validity Searches
A "Patentability or Validity Search" is made to locate documents relevant to the determination not only of novelty but also of other criteria of patentability, for example, the presence or absence of an inventive step (i.e., the alleged invention is or is not obvious) or the achievement of useful results or technical progress. This type of search should cover all the technical fields, which may contain material pertinent to the invention. Novelty and patentability searches are mainly being carried out by industrial property offices in the course of the examination of patent applications.
Name Searches
These are searches for locating information about published patent documents involving specific companies or individuals, as applicants, assignees, patentees or inventors.
Technological Activity Searches
They are to be understood as searches for identifying companies and/or inventors who are active in a specific field of technology. These searches are also suitable for identifying countries in which a certain technology is being patented, so as to know where to turn to for obtaining particular information in a given field of technology.
Infringement Searches
The objective of an "Infringement Search" is to locate patents and published patent applications, which might be infringed on by a given industrial activity. In this type of search the aim is to determine whether an existing patent gives exclusive rights covering that industrial activity or any part of it.
Patent Family Searches
This kind of search is carried out to identify a member of a "patent family." Patent family searches are used in order to:
- find the countries in which a given patent application has been filed (if published);
- find a "patent family member" that is written in a desired language;
- obtain a list of prior art documents or "References Cited"; and
- estimate the importance of the invention (by number of patent documents relating to the same invention and being published in different countries or by industrial property organisations).
Legal Status Searches
A search for this type of investigation is made to obtain information on the validity (status) of a patent or a published patent application, on a given date, under the applicable patent legislation in one or more countries. Such information can assist in making decisions on, for example, exporting, or in the negotiation of license agreements. It can also give guidance on the value attached to a particular patent by the patentee.
Advice related to patents
- WIPO cannot help you to draft a patent application or provide legal advice on obtaining, managing and using a patent. For advice relating to how laws and procedures apply to your specific situations, you should consider contacting a patent attorney.
- The granting of patents is a matter of national (or sometimes regional) law. WIPO maintains directories of contact details and websites of national and regional patent offices, which may give further information on such matters. National and regional laws are available at WIPO Lex.
- For information concerning the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), including forms, please consult the PCT website and the Frequently Asked Questions About the PCT.


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Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois and Partner Organizations Continue Play Streets in Chicago
Partnership for a Healthier America and the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association to support Active Transportation Alliance, Local Initiatives Support Corporation/Chicago and World Sport Chicago in ongoing initiative to combat childhood obesity by creating spaces for play
Chicago, IL — More Play Streets events are coming to Chicago neighborhoods that lack safe and open spaces for kids to play. Through support from Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois (BCBSIL) and the Partnership for a Healthier America (PHA), Play Streets events will continue to be hosted by Active Transportation Alliance (Active Trans), Local Initiatives Support Corporation/Chicago (LISC/Chicago) and World Sport Chicago (WSC).
Spearheaded in Chicago by the Chicago Department of Public Health through a public-private partnership with BCBSIL, the program's original funder, Play Streets is a citywide initiative that secures city neighborhood streets to provide Chicago families with open and safe spaces to get active.
Play Streets spaces are fun and feature a variety of activities that promote fitness and healthy lifestyles. A few Play Streets activities include obstacle courses, jumping castles, jump rope, basketball, dancing and Zumba. It is an effective and creative way to address the childhood obesity epidemic in America.
Play Streets is endorsed by First Lady Michelle Obama as part of her "Let's Move!" physical activity and fitness campaign.
"We're committed to supporting efforts that foster wellness, disease prevention and healthy, active lifestyles," said Donna Gerber, BCBSIL's vice president of Community Investment. "We're thrilled to see the Association and PHA further our efforts to extend Play Streets in the Chicago communities."
"As many different partners work to make healthy lifestyles as accessible as possible, we need to remember that keeping kids active often isn't a secret — they just need safe places to be kids," said Andres Alvear, Active Trans' Director of Education and Outreach. "A PlayStreet provides a place for them to do just that, and it leverages Chicago's existing infrastructure. It's inexpensive, accessible and, most importantly, fun for the whole community."
Active Trans, LISC/Chicago and WSC will work with BCBSIL, BCBSA and PHA to hold regular Play Streets events in several Chicago neighborhoods. This is one of more than 50 grant programs by BCBSIL that promote active lifestyles and encourage lifelong healthy habits in Chicago and across the State of Illinois.
The impact on activity rates from Play Streets is expected to be significant. Pioneer programs in Chicago and elsewhere already demonstrate that when given the choice between participating in Play Streets or opting for sedentary interests, the majority of children choose the active play option. Programs also spur greater engagement and cohesion between community residents at Play Streets events.
"Today in America, one in five kids doesn't have access to a playground — that's millions of children who can't pick up a ball, run outside or have fun in a safe environment," said PHA President and CEO Lawrence A. Soler. "We're thrilled that Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois and its Chicago partners are proactively tackling this challenge by continuing Play Streets events. We can't wait to see the national initiative in action — to see kids running around in these spaces and to hear sounds of traffic replaced by sounds of kids at play."
Details about the location and dates of the Play Streets events in Chicago can be found online with further details announced in early 2013.
About Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Illinois (BCBSIL)
With 7.2 million members, BCBSIL, a division of Health Care Service Corporation, a Mutual Legal Reserve Company, is the largest health insurance company in Illinois. Started in 1936, BCBSIL remains member owned rather than publicly traded and is committed to promoting the health and wellness of its members and its communities, fostering greater access to care, and working to lower the overall cost of care while improving the health care quality and patient outcomes.
About Active Transportation Alliance (Active Trans)
The mission of Active Transportation Alliance is to make bicycling, walking and public transit so safe, convenient and fun that we will achieve a significant shift from environmentally harmful, sedentary travel to clean, active travel. We advocate for transportation that encourages and promotes safety, physical activity, health, recreation, social interaction, equity, environmental stewardship and resource conservation. Contact: Andres Alvear, firstname.lastname@example.com, (312) 427-3325 ext. 296. Media inquiries should be directed to Ethan Spotts, email@example.com, (312) 427-3325 ext. 287.
About Local Initiatives Support Corporation, Chicago (LISC/Chicago)
LISC/Chicago organizes capital and other resources to support initiatives that stimulate the comprehensive development of healthy, stable neighborhoods and foster their connection to the socioeconomic mainstream of the metropolitan region. Since 1980, LISC/Chicago has infused more than $196 million into housing, human and economic development projects, leveraging a total of $4.8 billion in aggregate community investment. The results are quantifiable: with LISC/Chicago support nearly 30,000 units of affordable housing and 5 million square feet of commercial space have been developed and more than 20,000 Chicago residents have been engaged in planning, provided training, or direct service to improve their quality of life. Contact: Keri Blackwell, firstname.lastname@example.com, (312) 422-9558.
About World Sport Chicago (WSC)
WSC is an independent, non-profit organization that strives to teach life-enhancing values and character development through sport. We believe that sport has the power to strengthen individuals, and in turn, Chicago's communities. This mentality is translated into programs and events designed to create opportunities and support our partnerships with civic agencies, other non-profit organizations and professional Chicago sports teams. WSC is the living legacy of the Chicago 2016 Olympic and Paralympic bid and is designated by the United States Olympic Committee one of ten national Community Olympic Development Program partners. Contact: Jason Eby, email@example.com, (312) 861-4850.
About Partnership for a Healthier America
Partnership for a Healthier America (PHA) is devoted to working with the private sector to ensure the health of our nation's youth by solving the childhood obesity crisis. In 2010, PHA was created in conjunction with — but independent from — First Lady Michelle Obama's Let's Move! effort. PHA is a nonpartisan nonprofit organization that is led by some of the nation's most respected health and childhood obesity experts. PHA brings together public, private and nonprofit leaders to broker meaningful commitments and develop strategies to end childhood obesity. Most importantly, PHA ensures that commitments made are commitments kept by working with unbiased third parties to monitor and publicly report on the progress its partners are making. For more information about PHA, please visit www.aHealthierAmerica.org .
About the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
The Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association (BCBSA) is a national federation of 38 independent, community-based and locally operated Blue Cross and Blue Shield companies that collectively provide healthcare coverage for 100 million members — one in three Americans. For more information on BCBSA and its member companies, please visit bcbs.com .

subset: commoncrawl


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Archive for March 1, 2010
Manchester University's CS Legacy
When I chose Manchester University for my Computer Science MSc, it was partially because of its reputation but I realized I didn't actually know anything specific about that legacy. I thought I'd find out a little more about some of the computing cornerstones that were laid in Manchester's labs. Did you know that the first [...]
Posted on March 1, 2010 at 11:32 pm by Paul Brabban · Permalink · Leave a comment
In: Computer Science, history, manchester
In: Computer Science, history, manchester


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The following is a guest article by Brooke Chaplan.
Old man winter is slowly fading into the sunset, and with that comes the start of an exciting 2014 professional road racing season in the United States. The top three races to mark on your calendar this year are the AMGEN Tour of California, Tour of Utah, and the USA Pro Cycling Challenge. These three races attract some of the best talent in the world, and are the most celebrated stage races in the United States. It's time to dust off your bike and get ready for the new season.
Tags: Bicycling, Sports Previews
There are only three games left in this NFL season, which on the surface is a sad thing (how did this season go by so fast??!?), but luckily for football fans, the two games this weekend are setting up to be a couple fantastic match-ups. The four remaining teams in the postseason – the Denver Broncos, New England Patriots, Seattle Seahawks and San Francisco 49ers – each finished with 12 or more wins and are considered by football experts to truly be the four best teams in the NFL this season.
While being the best team is obviously important to having a awesome conference championship weekend, it's all the additional story-lines and rivalries that are setting this weekend up to be one of the greatest weekends of football in memory.
For the past decade, the debate has raged on across the NFL – who is better: Tom Brady or Peyton Manning? Whichever side you choose, there are plenty of good reasons why you are right. Manning has the huge numbers and more MVP awards; Brady has more championship rings and the most playoff wins in league history. I fall on the side of Tom Brady, although I am extremely biased due to the fact that I am a Patriots fan. However, for many people, this weekend's game between the Broncos and Patriots is the line drawn in the sand; whoever wins the game is the better quarterback and perhaps the greatest of all-time. Of course, that may be going a little overboard, but it has thrown gasoline on the fire of this QB rivalry, which is only adding to the anticipation of the game.
Tags: Sports Previews, NFL, football, playoffs
The following is a guest article by Nat.
In combat sports, the greatest champions have always defined themselves through trilogies against other great champions. Muhammad Ali fought timeless trilogies against Joe Frazier and Ken Norton, Georges St. Pierre battled 3 times against Matt Hughes, and Fedor Emelianenko battled the great Antonio "Minotauro" Nogueira in the Pride ring. Even lower level fighters can elevate themselves to legendary status through a great trilogy — Gatti vs. Ward is a prime example.
While the record may show that Junior Dos Santos and Cain Velasquez both possess one win against the other, the record doesn't tell the full story. In their first encounter in November 2011, Junior Dos Santos blitzed the current heavyweight kingpin at 1:04 of the first round — on the first ever card televised live on Fox — to take the heavyweight strap from the newly minted champ. In their second encounter, then challenger and current champion Velasquez was able to stagger Dos Santos in the first round and proceed to dish out a sustained beating over 5 rounds, handing the Brazilian champion his first UFC loss.
Tags: UFC, Junior Dos Santos, Cain Velasquez, Sports Previews
On Tuesday, July 16, the best baseball players in the world will all be taking the field in New York for the 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. While the game is the biggest event, it is just one part of a full weekend of festivities that will take place in and around Citi Field next week. From the All-Star FanFest to the Home Run Derby, there is a lot to look forward to. Which one of the events are you MOST excited about?
No one would blame you if you were looking forward to the game itself the most. The best players all on the field at the same time, playing in perhaps the world's most famous city. It's tough to beat that.
One of the most anticipated events every year is the Home Run Derby thanks to countless, unforgettable moments. Some of those memorable moments include Mark McGwire pounding homers over the green monster at Fenway Park in 1999; Josh Hamilton hitting 28 home runs in a single round at Yankee Stadium in 2008; and Sammy Sosa in 2002 hitting baseballs to places never reached at Miller Park.
Derby captains David Wright and Robinson Cano, as well as their teams, will have to bring it if they want to provide the fans with another one of those moments.
Tags: Sports Previews, MLB, baseball
The following is a guest article by Simon Hayes.
The Masters reached a dramatic conclusion earlier this year with Adam Scott claiming the fabled green jacket after a play-off. But fear not; there are still plenty of amazing tournaments out there for you to sink your teeth into.
Check out our list of future venues and dates of top golf tournaments to keep your eye out for in 2013.
We start with one of the four majors, and with the Masters now out of the way, the U.S Open is undoubtedly the tournament to see over the pond.
Held at the Merion Golf Club in Pennsylvania just outside of Philadelphia in June, the action will be played out on the Ardmore East Course — regularly voted as the best on the face of the earth.
American Webb Simpson will be looking to defend the title he won last year while Tiger Woods will no doubt be in the hunt for his first major win since 2008.
Tags: golf tournaments, Sports Previews
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By MensXP | February 1, 2013, 11:41 am IST Entertainment
Some celebrities seem to be age-friendly! Yes, age has no effect on the appearance of these celebrities and they continue to dazzle everyone with their charm. We take a special look at these celebrities, who continue to defy age with each coming year.


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Falling Skies (TV)
Survivors of an alien attack on earth gather together to fight for their lives and fight back.
GameZone Review Rating Not Available
Produced by Steven Spielberg, Falling Skies tells the story of the 2nd Mass, a group of survivors (civilians and military) in the wake of an alien attack on Earth, that are fighting for their lives. It aired on TNT in 2011 and has just been renewed for a 3rd Season. It stars Noah Wyle (ER) and Will Patton (Remember the Titans, Armageddon) as the two leaders who lead the 2nd Mass in their fight against the Skitters.
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Humanity survives as 'Falling Skies' is renewed for season 3
Show them Skitters who's boss. TNT has just announced that it has renewed the sci-fi drama Falling Skies for a third...


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Virginia Tech forward Barksdale suspended three games
Nov 4, 2013, 7:00 PM EDT
Virginia Tech forward C.J. Barksdale has been suspended the first three games of the year, head coach James Johnson announced on Monday. The Hokies suspended Barksdale for a "violation of team rules."
A 6-foot-8 junior and former Rivals top-100 prospect, Barksdale averaged 5.6 points and 4.7 points per game as a sophomore and will miss three home games for the Hokies against USC Upstate, West Virginia and Western Carolina. Barksdale will continue to practice with the team according to Norm Wood of the Daily Press.
"I am disappointed in C.J.," Johnson said in a statement. "He is a young man who made a bad decision and now must deal with the consequences. I know that he will come back from this suspension and continue be a valuable member of this program."
Virginia Tech also stated, "This will be the only comment about the situation by any member of the Virginia Tech Athletics staff, coaching staff, basketball team or Barksdale."
Syracuse won't know Dajuan Coleman's status until November
Sep 19, 2014, 5:25 PM EDT
The Orange holds the first of two exhibition games on Nov. 2.
South Carolina lands commitment from three-star power forward
Sep 19, 2014, 4:08 PM EDT
The Roselle Catholic (New Jersey) product picked the Gamecocks over Seton Hall and Rhode Island.
Former Chattanooga assistant to join UAB coaching staff
Sep 19, 2014, 2:46 PM EDT
Interestingly enough, UAB visits Chattanooga December 22.
CBT's Recruiting Roundup: Boston College, Illinois, LSU have big visitors
Sep 19, 2014, 2:30 PM EDT
News and notes from around the world of college basketball recruiting.
USA Basketball debate reaches new low with illustration of John Calipari (PHOTO)
Sep 19, 2014, 12:46 PM EDT
Thought the recent debate about USA Basketball and advantages gained by college coaches was getting tiresome?
Mike Krzyzewski, Dawn Staley make list of world's greatest leaders
Sep 19, 2014, 12:00 PM EDT
Fortune Magazine has the Krzyzewski and Staley ranked 20th (along with San Antonio Spurs head coach Gregg Popovich) on the list.
NCAA still dealing with lawsuits regarding scholarships, cost of attendance
Sep 19, 2014, 10:55 AM EDT
The NCAA is hoping to have two lawsuits dismissed, with the plaintiffs in those suits arguing otherwise. And three U.S. senators voiced their displeasure with the lack of progress being made by the NCAA.
Washington will need Fresno State transfer to step forward in 2014-15
Sep 19, 2014, 9:44 AM EDT
Lorenzo Romar spoke positively of Robert Upshaw's progress, and with the Huskies' lack of interior depth the Fresno State transfer will be a key figure this season.
Four-star 2015 guard/forward narrows list to five
Sep 18, 2014, 10:15 PM EDT
Among the schools still in the running for this Top 100 prospect's services is LSU.
2013 Sweet 16 run pays off in a big way financially for FGCU
Sep 18, 2014, 8:43 PM EDT
FGCU's Sweet 16 run in 2013 paid off in a big way for the athletic department.
Missouri announces plans to renovate Mizzou Arena
Sep 18, 2014, 7:04 PM EDT
Mizzou Arena's just ten years old, but the school has found some areas that need renovating.
Former College of Charleston assistant joins staff at The Citadel
Sep 18, 2014, 5:52 PM EDT
Freeberg makes the move from the College of Charleston to The Citadel, with J.D. Powell headed in the opposite direction.
Kentucky's John Calipari offers his thoughts on USA Basketball critiques
Sep 18, 2014, 4:50 PM EDT
Calipari tweeted that if the coaches gained an advantage from helping revitalize USA Basketball he "doesn't begrudge them in the least."
Top-40 Class of 2015 guard sets a decision date
Sep 18, 2014, 3:00 PM EDT
An important member in a 2015 class lacking guards has set a decision date.
Kentucky's John Calipari gives away mattress, pillows to Big Blue Madness campers (VIDEO)
Sep 18, 2014, 2:00 PM EDT
John Calipari helped some campers waiting for Kentucky's Big Blue Madness sleep a little easier by giving away a mattress and some pillows.
Baylor incoming recruit will not play in 2014-15
Sep 18, 2014, 1:08 PM EDT
Baylor will be without an incoming recruit for the 2014-15 season.
Coach K responds to USA Basketball criticism during press conference
Sep 18, 2014, 11:56 AM EDT
Coach K responded to recent criticisms lobbied at him about unfair recruiting advantages as USA Basketball's coach.
A key piece for Providence is cleared for full-contact practice
Sep 18, 2014, 11:00 AM EDT
Providence is hoping a key member of its backcourt will be healthy this season after two straight years with a shoulder injury.
ACC program uses LeBron James' Homecoming as recruiting tactic for local five-star wing
Sep 18, 2014, 10:05 AM EDT
One five-star prospect heard a recruiting pitch centered on LeBron James' homecoming to Cleveland.
Throwback Thursday: Vince Carter highlights at North Carolina (VIDEO)
Sep 18, 2014, 9:10 AM EDT
Vince Carter highlight reels are still the best.
Top Posts
- CBT's Recruiting Roundup: Boston College, Illinois, LSU have big visitors 0
- Kentucky's John Calipari offers his thoughts on USA Basketball critiques 0
- Coach K responds to USA Basketball criticism during press conference 0
- A key piece for Providence is cleared for full-contact practice 0
- Jim Boeheim calls Yahoo's Coach K story 'completely off-base' 8
- Jalen Rose believes Chris Webber should apologize for what happened at Michigan 5
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- Jim Boeheim calls Yahoo's Coach K story 'completely off-base' (8)
- Former Indiana guard A.J. Guyton writes an open letter to Bob Knight (6)
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- Jalen Rose believes Chris Webber should apologize for what happened at Michigan (5)
- USA Basketball, Mike Krzyzewski and thoughts on today's 'takedown' (4)


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Picked to finish in the bottom half of the conference standings, the Wisconsin Badgers once again finished in the top four of the league race and for exceeding the expectations, Bo Ryan was named Monday as the Big Ten Coach of the Year. The Badgers finished 12-6 in the conference race, 21-10 overall and will be the number four seed in the conference tournament this week in Chicago. Trey Burke of Michigan was named the Big 10 Player of the Year. Wisconsin's Jarred Berggren was a second team all conference selection and was also named to the league's defensive team. Ben Brust earned all conference honorable mention and freshman Sam Dekker of Sheboygan was picked to the all-freshman team.
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text: Chania Information When you visit Chania Destination Routes Etihad Offices Facts The City Do & See Dining Essential Information Chania (say "Hanya") must be the loveliest port town in Greece. Swallows soar in sheer blue skies above the semicircle of tall Venetian houses around its picture-perfect Old Harbour. The tables of scores of bars and restaurants line the quayside. Behind the harbour front, narrow, traffic-free shopping lanes thread through the atmospheric Old Town. On either side of the town, sandy beaches stretch along the coast. Facts Population 53,910 in the town and 70,000 in the greater Chania area. Currency Euro (EUR) €1 = 100 cents Opening hours Traditional local shop hours are generally open Monday to Saturday from 8 am to 2.30 pm, and also from 5 pm to 8 pm on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Shops catering mainly to tourists are usually open every day of the week from 9 am–10 pm. Newspapers Chaniotika Nea Minima Stigmes Crete Gazette Tourist information The tourist office is called GNTO 40 Kriari Street, Megaro Pantheon, Chania Opening hours: Mon - Fri 7.30 am - 2.30 pm +30 28210 92943 Chania is Crete's second largest town and is the lively capital of the western half of this long, narrow Greek island. It is very ancient: 4,000 years ago Chania was called Cydonia. It preserves many handsome signs of a long history as a possession of Venice. The Old Town, alongside the Old Harbour, is enclosed by Venetian ramparts and guarded by a waterside Venetian fortress, Fort Firca. The modern city centre, just outside the old ramparts, offers the energy and character of a vibrant, authentic Greek town. Here are numerous shops, bars, restaurants and street life that are fun to explore. Chania is the focal point of western Crete's coastline of small and charming beach resorts. Each resort has its own appeal, and all are just minutes from Chania by car or bus along the seashore highway that runs at the foot of high craggy peaks and rolling foothills green with olive groves. Chania has many wonderful things to offer you on your holiday. Go on a glass-bottomed boat cruise and enjoy the wonderful sea life. If this is not thrilling enough go to Limnoupolis Water Park and feel the adrenaline rush on the waterslides. Try scuba diving or just hanging out on the beach all day. Either way you will return back home well rested. Fort Firca The calm ruins of the Venetian fort have lovely sea views. Its fascinating Naval Museum (next door) recalls Chania's maritime tradition. This is also where the Greek flag first was raised. Address: Fort Firca, Chania Limnoupolis Water Park This is the kids' choice with waterslides, pools and a lazy river. For grown-ups there is a Jacuzzi and pool bar. Shops and eateries add to the attractions. Address: Varipetro village, Chania Phone: +30 2821 033 246 Web: www.limnoupolis.gr More Info: 8 kilometres from Chania Samaria Gorge This famous 16 kilometre hike down a spectacular mountain gorge reaches the south coast. You will need sturdy shoes, water and a hat! A good idea is to sleep one night nearby and take the bus back to Chania the next day. Address: Samaria Gorge, Chania More Info: Starts at Omalos, ends at Agia Roumeli Boat trips Glass-bottomed boats cross in crystal waters to nearby St Theodore Island. Others sail to idyllic Stavros beach on Akrotiri Peninsula. The prices vary so do not hesitate to walk around to compare between the different companies. Address: Venizelou Sq, Chania More Info: On the quay Blue Adventures Diving There are at least two scuba diving centers in Chania - Blue Adventures Diving and Omega Divers. They are both certified and have good reputation in the scuba business. Address: 69 Daskalogianni Str, Chania Phone: +30 2821 040 403 Web: www.blueadventuresdiving.gr Omega Divers Going scuba diving will let you peek into a new world of seldom seen creatures and will let you be a part of another element for some time. Address: Almyrida, Chania Phone: +30 2 825 031 412 Web: www.omegadivers.com Botanical Park & Gardens of Crete The Botanical Park & Gardens of Crete welcomes you to 20 hectares of herbs, medicinal, ornamental plants and fruit trees from around the world. The nature and the colours is a wonderful experience for the whole family and worth a visit. Address: Skordalou Platania, Chania Phone: +30 697 686 0573 Web: www.botanical-park.com Maritime Museum of Crete Maritime Museum of Crete is a great place to spend a couple of hours and get to know Greece a bit better. On the first floor you will find an interesting movie about the history of Crete. The view over the harbour and lighthouse from here is amazing. Address: Coast Kountourioti, Chania Phone: +30 282 109 1875 Web: www.mar-mus-crete.gr Chania Archaeological Museum The permanent exhibition at Chania Archaeological Museum tells the story of Chania's cultural history in images. The two main parts of the exhibition describes the eastern part and the Bronze Age. The other part describes the western part and the Iron Age. Address: 21 Chalidon Street, Chania Phone: +30 282 109 0334 Web: www.odysseus.culture.gr Folklore Museum of Chania Folklore Museum of Chania is a small but very interesting museum and will not take you more than 30 minutes to visit. Here you can learn a lot about the old harbour and how it came about. If you like art, the owner has an interesting art collection for you to see and maybe purchase something small. Address: Halidon 46B, Chania Phone: +30 282 109 0816 Museum of Typography Museum of Typography shows you the development of typography from the Gutenberg era until today. You will see different tools, objects, machines and prints which have been used throughout the development. Address: Park of small industries - Building 13-03, Chania Phone: +30 282 105 1003 Web: www.typography-museum.gr Manousakis Winery Manousakis Winery is a beautiful and cosy little farm to spend a day. Get a cheese platter, taste some flavourful, fruity wine and simply relax in this lovely environment. The staff here is very friendly and you can buy the wine in the little shop. Address: Vatolakkos, Chania Phone: +30 282 107 8787 Web: www.nostoswines.com Segway Tours Discover Chania from a different perspective! Going on a Segway tour is a fun and easy way to discover the city and at the same time letting you spend more time on the beach relaxing. Address: 14 Potie St, Chania Phone: +30 282 100 8695 Web: www.chaniasegwaytours.com Doctor Fish - Foot Spa & Reflexology Doctor Fish is a lovely fish spa located in the centre of Chania. This is the perfect treat after a couple of days of walking around discovering the island. Address: Karaoli & Dimitriou St. 26, Chania Phone: +30 282 104 2222 Web: www.doctor-fish.gr Green Care Spa Green Care Spa is a lovely modern spa which offers you all types of treatments. Especially popular is the Indian head massage but they also have waxing, pedicure and manicure. Address: Daskalogianni 45, Chania Phone: +30 282 150 1540 Web: www.greencarespa.gr Municipal Art Gallery of Chania At the Municipal Art Gallery of Chania you can enjoy contemporary art. This is a great place if you are an art lover and want to take part of a unique collection. Address: Halidon 98, Chania Phone: +3028210 92294 Web: www.pinakothiki-chania.gr Chrisoskalitissa Monastery A piece of history can be found at the spiritual Chrisoskalitissa Monastery. Going here takes quite a while, but if you are on a road trip this place is well worth a visit. You can find the monastery on the western side of Crete. From here you get amazing views. Address: Moni Chrisoskalitissas, Chania, Crete Rethymno Rethymno is a picturesque town on the east side of Chania. If you want to go on a day trip this is a great little town. Here you can enjoy the beach, get lost in the Old Town or have a glass of wine in the harbour. Address: Rethymno, Crete Knossos The archaeological site of Knossos is one of the most famous places on Crete. The drive from Chania takes a long time as it is located just outside Heraklion, but there are numerous tour operators that organize trips here. Knossos is claimed to be the oldest city in Europe. Address: Knossos, Crete Golden Fun Park Just 5 minutes west of Chania you can find the Golden Fun Park. This entertainment park has numerous facilities like bowling lanes, miniature golf, playground and much more. Address: Agii Apostoli, Chania Phone: +30 28210 32132 Web: www.crete-golf.com Scores of restaurants in Chania's Old Town and the beach resorts offer good eating, relaxed and informal, at open-air tables. Grilled fish and lamb dishes are specialities, plus vegetable dishes like boureki (courgette, cheese and potato bake) and melitzanokleftedes (aubergine patties). Zepos restaurant Experience unrivaled hospitality and immerse yourself in the Greek dining philosophy in the heart of Chania's Venetian harbour. Day or night, enjoy a tantalising selection of food and drink, as the magnificent sea views, friendly staff and delicate flavors create memories that will last a lifetime. Suitable for personal and group events,visit or even dine in our renovated wine cellar.Family friendly with playroom facilities. Address: Akti Kountourioti 42, Chania Phone: +30 282 109 4100 Web: www.zeposrestaurant.gr Lithos restaurant Very popular restaurant, cosy atmosphere and inspired dishes. Enjoy the panoramic view of the Venetian Old Harbour, the homemade-with-a-twist cooking and watch the people go by in this scenic spot. Ask the waiters for the local delicacies and let yourself indulge in this feast of Mediterranean aromas. Specialists in extra virgin oil. From light dishes to elegant dining. (Friendly restaurant for trendy eaters and local product lovers). Address: Old Harbour, Chania Phone: +30 28 2107 4406 Web: www.lithosrestaurant.gr More Info: Fax: +30 28 2107 4406 Maria's Taverna This is a popular traditional eatery, relaxed and cheerful, serving well-prepared Cretan, Greek and international favourites. It stands on the edge of Kato Stalos, at the start of the long beach strip west of Chania. Address: Kato Stalos, Chania Phone: +30 28210 68 888 Web: www.mariasrestaurant.gr Monastiri Taverna In Chania´s harbour you will find many restaurants with an exceptional view, however not every restaurant has the great food to such a good price like Monastiri Taverna. If you would like to try traditional Cretan food then this is the place. Address: Akti Tompazi 12, Chania Phone: +30 2821 055 527 Web: www.monastiri-taverna.gr More Info: Venetia Harbour Tamam There is excellent traditional local food at this popular classic Cretan taverna inside a former historic Turkish bath-house in the Old Town. Here you find frequent live music. Address: 49 Zambellou St, Chania Phone: +30 2821 096 080 Cosmos With elegance and style, in an old building high in upper Platanias, this is a fabulous setting with immense views. An astonishing choice of meats includes crocodile, bison and kangaroo … as well as more traditional fare. Address: Platanias Old Village, Chania Phone: +30 2821 068 558 Web: www.crete-restaurants.gr To Stachi To Stachi serves traditional organic and vegetarian food from Greece which has been prepared the whole day. Even if you might be a dedicated meat eater you will definitely enjoy your brunch or lunch here. Address: 5 Defkalionos St, Chania Phone: +30 282 104 2589 Akrogiali Taverna How does grilled calamari, steamed mussels or seafood souvlaki sound? If it gets your taste buds working then you most definitely have to visit Akrogiali Taverna. Come in the evening, take a seat outside and view the amazing sunset while enjoying the food. Address: Akti Papanikoli 19, Chania Phone: +30 282 107 3110 Web: www.akrogiali-taverna.gr Thalassino Ageri Thalassino Ageri is a hidden gem for tourist and mostly visited by the locals on the island. It is a great, romantic place to sit for hours, enjoy your company and watch the sun set. Address: Bibilaki 35, Chania Phone: +30 282 105 1136 Web: www.thalasino-ageri.gr To Xani Restaurant To Xani Restaurant serves amazing Greek food. They use locally produced products and wine from the region, bringing out that little extra in every bite. It is a beautiful restaurant with great atmosphere and live Greek music. Address: Parodos Kondilaki Street, Chania Phone: +30 282 107 5795 Kariatis Kariatis mainly serves Italian food but also have great vegetarian and steak options. The atmosphere is relaxed and a perfect place to sit and take in the lovely atmosphere and the evening breeze. Address: Katechaki 12, Chania Phone: +30 282 105 5600 Web: www.kariatis-restaurant.gr Portes Portes is located in the Old Town in Chania and offers friendly service and tasty food.Aa good idea is to reserve a table if you are going there for an evening dinner. The food is traditional with a twist and their barbecue is claimed to be just amazing. Address: Portou 48, Chania Phone: +30 282 107 6261 Taverna Kavouras Taverna Kavouras is your typical Greek tavern, located in the beautiful old harbour of Chania. Marvel over their fresh, delicious fish dishes while admiring the lovely sunset. Address: Akti Tompazi 1, Chania Phone: +30 282 102 8668 Web: www.kavouras-tavern.com The Well of the Turk The Well of the Turk has a big selection of different flavours from around the world. Choose between Mediterranean and Middle East options while listening to Middle Eastern tunes. They have a great atmosphere and menu for a lovely dinner. Address: Kallinikou Sarpaki Street, Splantzia, Chania Phone: +30 282 105 4547 Web: www.welloftheturk.com Rudi's Bierhaus Rudi's Bierhaus is located in China Town in Chania and is a bit different from the other restaurants in town. This is a Brew pub and the perfect place for you to go if you want to try different types of beer and enjoy a pub meal. Address: Kallergon 16, Neoria, Chania Phone: +30 282 102 0319 Restaurant Oleander Restaurant Oleander is located in the Old Harbour in Chania and serves Mediterranean food such as fish, pasta and pizza along with many other options. It might take you a bit of searching in order to find the place, but it is worth the wait! Address: Sourmeli 18, Chania Phone: +30 282 100 8666 Chania Airport Chania Airport, western Crete's main gateway, is located 14 kilometres from the city. Most travellers arrive on tour operator packages including bus transfer or car hire. Independent travellers can catch a taxi into town. Address: Chania Airport, Chania Phone: +30 28210 83800 Web: www.chania-airport.com Public Transport From 6 am to 6 pm, public buses serve the coast road to and from Chania, stopping at the resorts. In Chania, town buses serve the modern districts, but the Old Town is small enough to walk around, and its lanes are too narrow for buses. Address: Chania Web: www.bus-service-crete-ktel.com Taxi Chania's blue and white taxis can be hailed or phoned. Tips are optional. Phone: +30 2821 098 700 / +30 2821 098 701 Web: www.chaniataxi.gr / www.chania-taxi.com Post The main post office in central Chania is located on Peridou Street. Stamps can be bought at many shops. Address: Peridou Street, Chania Opening: Mon - Fri: 7 am to 8 pm, and Sat 8 am to 2 pm. Small offices open Mon - Fri: 8 pm to 2 pm. More Info: Around the corner of Kydonias Street Pharmacy On the door of any pharmacy a list shows which pharmacy is on night duty. You can recognize the pharmacies through a green cross on the door. Normal business hours are 8 am-1 pm and 5 pm-8.30 pm. Telephone Country code: +30Area code: 28210Note that numbers and codes within Greece do not begin with a 0. Electricity 220V Travel to Chania Travel to Chania Book your flights to Chania with Etihad Airways and get ready for the trip of a lifetime exploring one of Greece's top holiday destinations. Immerse yourself in the relaxed traditional ways of life and experience the majesty of this gorgeous island. Whatever your interests, your time in Chania will leave you breathless and the memory of your trip will stay with you long after you have left. Top 5 things to do in Chania Get lost in the winding pedestrian streets of Old Town Chania where you will find a whole host of shops, restaurants, and churches that date back hundreds of years Take time to visit the oldest lighthouse in Greece, (the Venetian Lighthouse) located in Chania's old harbour Hike the Samaria Gorge Matt and admire the spectacular scenery along the way Visit the wonderful Naval Museum (Maritime Museum) which delivers an intriguing introduction to the history of Crete and its moving past Plan your Chania holiday The best time of the year to visit Chania is between the summer months when the weather is dry and most of the popular local attractions are open to the public. If you plan on travelling during this period, be sure to book your tickets to Chania well in advance as flights fill up very quickly. Finding the best flight deals to Chania is easier than you think with Etihad's popular deals. If you are looking for cheap hotels in Chania, consider travelling during the off-peak season (October - April). While weather conditions may be slightly less ideal, crowds will be significantly thinner, making access to some of the more popular attractions much more convenient. Destination Routes Flights from Abu Dhabi to Chania Etihad Offices in Greece Athens, Greece 3-5 Kolokotroni & Voulis St. 5th Floor, GR 105 62 (+30210) 3241010 09:00 - 17:00 "El. Venizelos" Athens Intl. Airport, Athens, Greece Athens Intl. Airport MTB Office 3/M09 Spata Attiki 190 19 (+30210) 3533994 09:00 - 17:00 (Daily)


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He moved from his native China to the United States two years ago to work on bettering his golf game. All he's done since...is make it through US Open Sectional local at the age of 15, and winning his fair share on the junior circuit. despite all that, Carl was not considered a favorite in the star studded field at the Scott Robertson--but he proved to be the best out there in the Boys 15-18 division. Carl shot rounds of 72-66 and 68 for a three shot victory over the field, and the Scott Robertson title. He says he has worked hard on his game and that wins like this one reaffirm that he is doing the right things. Peter Kim of New Jersey was second at -4. Zachary Bauchoe of nearby Forest, Virginia was tied for third at -2. Other locals in the mish included qualifier Clayton Forren of Rustburg at +1(Tied for 6th) along with Nick Brediger of Roanoke.
The other division winners this weekend at Roanoke Country Club for the 30th annual tournament:
Girls 15-18: Gabriella Then -8
Girls 14 and under: Lauren Kim +5
Boys 14 and under: Parker Gillam -1
WSLS 10, P.O. Box 10Roanoke, VA 24022-0010
Telephone: 540.981.9110
Fax: 540.343.3157
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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OCEAN CITY, Md.- The Ocean City Police Department is reminding citizens to expect traffic delays this St. Patrick's Day, as the Delmarva Irish-American Club host their 32nd Annual Parade and Festival. The tradition, which has become one of the largest St. Patrick's Day Parades in the state, will take place on Saturday, March 16, and begins at noon at 58th Street and marches south on Coastal Highway to the 45th Street Shopping Center.
In order to offer an ample amount of space for the parade's participating floats, bands and motorized units, southbound traffic will be reduced to one lane from 62nd Street to 43rd Street. Northbound traffic will remain open, however, no left turns or U-turns will be allowed along the parade route from the northbound lane including 62nd Street.
Residents and visitors will see traffic delays on southbound Coastal Highway as early as 9 a.m. and should expect congestion until after 2 p.m. To avoid traffic delays, viewers and visitors are urged to arrive before 10:30 a.m. and to view the parade from 58th Street south to 45th Street. Ocean City Police are highly recommending motorists entering the Town of Ocean City to use Maryland Route 50, as traffic is not expected to be as heavy.
In addition, heavy pedestrian traffic is also expected along the parade route and in surrounding areas. Pedestrians are encouraged to use the crosswalk and cross with caution.
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Plexus Law hires Hill Dickinson insurance chief
Readers' comments (1)
So here it is then! These two hires, must be one of the "many significant " acquisitions Parabis and their PE Investors said they would make by the year end 2012, following the investment by Duke Street Capital! What on earth happened to them acquiring large teams , and Insurance centric firms, post investment!? One fee earner, and one BD guy hardly sounds like a major acquisition!?


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UnNews:NRA celebrates Colorado theatre shootings
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
|This article is part of UnNews
|Straight talk, from straight faces
22 July 2012
Fairfax, Virginia --
In an appalling (and therefore predictable) move this morning, David Keene, head of the NRA, said that "James Egan Holmes is one of the greatest living people of our time….all God-fearing Constitution-abiding Americans should strive to be just like him. Obviously he killed some people too, but, you know, guns don't kill people, people kill people."
The NRA as a whole later released a statement reaffirming their president's messages, stating, "We couldn't think of a better man to run the NRA than our good friend James". Moments later, the organization posted a four million dollar bond to free Mr. Holmes, who is now a hero inside their ranks.
"This is obviously a message from God," said Amelia Karro, a devout Christian, who was in the theatre when the shooting occurred. "This man, James Holmes, was obviously sent here to fulfill his duty from Jesus to eliminate the sinners in our ranks. I believe he should be excluded from all charges against him, and hailed as a martyr for our cause. Sure, it might be unfortunate for his non-sinning family members, but they should be ashamed of themselves for producing such offspring. Also, guns don't kill people, Jesus kills people."
Michael Holmes, who was spared during the massacre, was outraged by the way people were treating the shooter. A Satan-worshiper, he proclaimed that "This was all the work of Satan! He did this, not your stupid Jesus! All hail Satan!" There were several reported violent scuffles between survivors over who caused this shooting, in the parking lot while being questioned by police. Shouts of "ZEUS DID IT!" and "IT WAS THE LOCH NESS MONSTER!" frequented the air during the brawls.
The suspect was originally captured by police when he split the air with "No, it was me!", which resulted long stares in his direction for about two minutes.
Police later interviewed one of his high-school teachers, who reportedly said "Oh, he was such a sweet boy in school. He never got in too awful much trouble, I mean, except that time he shot up the gym and front office with his father's Uzi. God, that was funny. Also, guns don't kill people, people kill people."
edit Sources
- Alex Fitzpatrick "Colorado shooter hailed as hero by NRA". Yahoo!, July 22, 2012


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The excerpt below is from Emily's blog:
Today, with the help of the good people at 20×200, I have released a print edition to benefit Japan Society's Earthquake Relief Fund. You can read a little more in the announcement of the edition in 20×200′s newsletter here. You can purchase a print here. All net profits will go to charity. I will not be taking any commission from the sales of this print, and 20×200′s printer has also generously agreed to donate his time to benefit this cause. This is a small gesture in the grand scheme of this disaster, but please help in any way you are able, either by purchasing a print or donating directly to the charity of your choice.
Also, a big thank you to everyone who bought my print through Life Support Japan, made possible by Wall Space Gallery. There are new images being added everyday to the already impressive group of photographs. Proceeds from those sales will benefit Direct Relief International and Habitat for Humanity


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Hundreds of people took part in a walk in Charlottesville Saturday morning to battle AIDS in our community.
The 5K Charlottesville AIDS Walk began at the nTelos Wireless Pavilion on the downtown mall. The AIDS/HIV services group, or ASG, hosted the walk.
ASG says new HIV infections nationwide are most prevalent among heterosexual women and girls.
This year's goal was to raise at least $50,000.
Sign up to receive NBC29 news and weather updates in your inbox daily.


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It is just over a month into the new year and many of you are still going strong on your resolutions to get fit. But could a certain kind of workout actually be a health hazard?
For the people who work out at CrossFit gyms in our area, it is only a matter of time before they get to that next level of fitness.
Arick Sears says, "It's painful. Yes. No pain. No gain."
Sears along with other members are hoping this high-intensity strength and conditioning program known as CrossFit will get them there.
The training includes Olympic lifts and uses non-traditional equipment.
"You're going to get a good workout," says Adam Smith, another CrossFit member.
The CrossFit craze has spread like wildfire with thousands of gyms worldwide. But the number of people involved in CrossFit training isn't the only thing that's growing.
Criticisms about the effects the strenuous workouts can have on your body are growing too.
A YouTube video shows Kevin Ogar at the OC Throwdown competition held last month in California.
The internet is full of personal stories of injuries and worse. One person says he "threw up after every workout for the first month." And his body felt "like a bag of marshmallows."
Another woman says after doing a triceps-targeted workout, her arms "felt like jello" and she couldn't "bend her elbows."
Stories like these have become so connected to the CrossFit workout a clown, named Uncle Rhabdo, short for rhabdomyolysis , has been created.
And there is nothing funny about this condition. In extreme cases rhabdomyolysis can cause muscle cells to explode and die.
"With rhabdomyolysis, when you get cell death, and we are talking about cells on the skeletal muscle, the problem is that everything on the inside of the cell gets released into the body and into the blood," says Dr. Evan Argintar, an orthopedic surgeon at Medstar Washington Hospital Center.
Argintar says a protein called myoglobin becomes toxic when it is released, throwing your kidneys into overdrive and eventually causing them to fail.
"CrossFit itself is a very intense workout," says Alison Bukowski, a coach at CrossFit Bethesda. "There's no getting around that. There's no way to sugarcoat it. You're here to work your butt off."
She says her decision to continue to work her already fatigued muscles caused her to suffer a milder case of rhabdo.
She remembers, "It wasn't to the point where my kidneys were just shutting down, but I had to stop working out. Everything, forearms were just so swollen that I could barely bend my arms."
She says it was a scary lesson to learn, but it helps her be a better coach to members who want to lay it all on the line.
"I don't want to be responsible for anybody hurting themselves. It's not worth it," she says.
Sears, a member at CrossFit DC says he has heard lots of negative buzz about CrossFit culture.
"Some people refer to folks who do CrossFit as crazy and some people even call it a cult," he says.
Sears agrees there are coaches that may have that no pain, no gain at all cost mentality, but it's really in your hands.
"I would say you need to know your own body," he says. "And the good thing about this box is whatever the exercise is, they always present different scaling options."
Dr. Arginatar says that is good advice and may explain why the hype about the hazards outweighs the number of rhabdo cases reported.
"Luckily, moderate to severe rhabdo occurs uncommonly, even in the setting of CrossFit," Arginatar says.
We contacted CrossFit's corporate office to get their reaction to claims that the workouts are dangerous and they provided us with this statement:
"We emphasize prevention in all aspects of training and coach certification. Beginner classes are tailored in every way possible to reduce the chance of injury of any kind, whether it's a pulled muscle, rhabdo, or even a heart attack."
A fund to assist Kevin Ogar with his medical bills has been started by the CrossFit community: http://www.kevinogar.com/
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Friday, February 19, 2010
© Copyright 2014 Gwinnett Daily Post
LILBURN -- Astronaut Tom Marshburn encouraged sixth-grade students at Trickum Middle School on Friday to throw their energy into their passions.
Marshburn, a graduate of Henderson High School, visited several Atlanta-area locations to speak to students and community members about his 16-day trip in space last July.
"I loved space since I was 9 years old," said Marshburn, an emergency room medical doctor who works for NASA. "But I didn't think I could be an astronaut. If you want to be an astronaut, fall in love with something. ... Start today. Learn how to learn. That's important for being an astronaut."
Student Raymond Clark, 11, said he enjoyed Marshburn's stories about space, especially one about how astronauts used chopsticks to catch water bubbles before ingesting them.
"I think that space is really cool, and I think one day we'll get through the whole galaxy," Clark said. "I think (Marshburn's story was) inspiring, because now I want to go into space."
Marshburn's three-day tour was sponsored by Up Close and Personal magazine, which circulates in Lilburn and Tucker, and DeKalb Medical Center. In addition to visiting Trickum, Marshburn also visited Parkview High.
Brian Lucy, a gifted science teacher at Trickum, said the school arranged for sixth-graders to listen to Marshburn because they study earth science, which includes space science.
More like this story
- Greetings from space: Conyers Middle students receive an out-of-this-world talk from astronauts ( July 21, 2010 )
- Summerour students take turns stargazing ( April 24, 2010 )
- North Gwinnett Middle School principal has built career in Gwinnett ( March 25, 2012 )
- Volunteers show sixth-graders wonders of science ( January 21, 2010 )
- GCPS enters third year of eClass initiative ( August 3, 2013 )


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The Most Delicious Kids' Lunchbox EVER
This very similar to a japanese bento box. They have been using this idea in japan forever. Great that it has come here, let's stop killing our planet with plastic bags:)
That is so cute!! Too bad they don't give kids time to eat all that food!!
And to think We always heard *Don't play with your food!* lol This is a very cute idea! And Very Green!!
Hypotheek informatie, hypotheek aanvragen of afsluiten? Hypotheekrentes bekijken. Hypotheek aanbieders vergelijken, hypotheek vormen, bijkomende kosten,
Hypotheek informatie, hypotheek aanvragen of afsluiten? Hypotheekrentes bekijken. Hypotheek aanbieders vergelijken, hypotheek vormen, bijkomende kosten,
Superukash Türkiye %100 Yasal hem ucuz hem guvenli Ukash Kart satıÅı yapmaktadır. Ucuz ukash, ukash, ukash al, ukash destek.
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Hi, Can I just say what a relief to find someone who actually knows what theyre talking about on the internet. You definitely know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people need to read this and understand this side of the story. I cant believe youre not more popular because you definitely have the gift.
Hi! When I originally commented I clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get four emails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Thanks!
Hope you never stop! This is one of the best blogs Ive ever read. Youve got some mad skill here, man. I just hope that you dont lose your style because youre definitely one of the coolest bloggers out there. Please keep it up because the internet needs someone like you spreading the word. Happy New Year.
This is good info! Where else can i find out more?? Keep up the good work :)
I am fond of your homepage, the way I am fond of air. Ok just kidding but really good information though .
I found your website in google. And I'll be back next time, thanks.
I appreciate the time you put in this work or in this article. Although u have interesting ideas, I really can't agree with them. I'm sure there are better ways to walk through this difficult situation. Not trying to insult or troll or anything .
I was browsing online for thoughts on a new post to write upon and saw your website. Although I may agree with your ideas a little bit, I think I will write something that is somewhat at the underside of your post. I like your thoughts though and will write something that is very close to it .
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Marcus' friends and family
are proud to continue his work--inspiring others to live life with
passion and purpose. The Foundation will invest in a broad range of
educational, charitable, and research endeavors that reflect Marc's own
wide-ranging interests.
From scholarship
assistance for promising young people and support services for aspiring
entrepreneurs, to investments in some of Marc's favorite charities and
community programs, the Foundation will nurture innovation, leadership,
and compassion, and will do so with all the dynamics and energy for
which Marcus was so well known.
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