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When you study mathematics at Arapahoe Community College you'll find we are committed to a quality, learning-centered, mathematics education incorporating current trends in the discipline and appropriate technology.
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Improving results for hypoplastic left heart syndrome
The goals of initial palliation for HLHS, often termed a "Norwood operation" or "Stage I" are threefold:
- Unobstructed blood flow from the right ventricle to the systemic arterial tree
- Unobstructed pulmonary venous return from the left atrium to the tricuspid valve
- A stable, controlled source of pulmonary blood flow
Goal 1: Since the heart has only one good outflow valve -- the pulmonary valve -- systemic outflow is reconstructed by anastomosing the main pulmonary artery to the reconstructed aortic arch, thus forming a "neo-Aorta," so the right ventricle can function as the systemic ventricle.
Goal 2: Because the mitral valve is also too small or completely atretic, an atrial septectomy ensures that pulmonary venous blood has a free pathway from the left atrium to the tricuspid valve and into the systemic ventricle.
Goal 3: Until recently, pulmonary blood flow was derived from a Blalock-Taussig shunt, a small synthetic graft from the innominate artery to the right pulmonary artery. This shunt supplies pulmonary blood flow for several months.
After recovery from the Norwood operation, two more operations are required. The infant's second surgery will divide the shunt and anastomose the superior vena cava directly to the right pulmonary artery. This is known as a bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (BDCPA) or Glenn anastomosis and is performed at 4-6 months of age. A third procedure, the Fontan operation is typically performed at 2-3 years of age. Here, the inferior vena cava is similarly connected directly to the pulmonary artery.
National centers of excellence report Norwood (first stage) mortality of approximately 10-15%. The vast majority of deaths occur at the time of first stage palliation or prior to the performance of the BDCPA. Indeed, the out-of-hospital mortality for Norwood survivors approximated 25% prior to their second stage surgery in a recent multicenter report. Aggressive follow-up of these infants prior to the BDCPA has been shown to reduce this interstage mortality.
Largely because of these unsatisfactory early results with the classical Norwood operation utilizing a Blalock-Taussig shunt, surgeons are currently exploring alternative strategies. The most popular of these is Sano's modification of the Norwood. In this operation, rather than a Blalock-Taussig shunt, a pressure-restrictive synthetic tube graft, usually 5-6mm in diameter, is placed as a direct connection between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries. Several retrospective reports have described improved early and interstage mortality with this approach. Intermediate and long-term outcomes are, of course, unknown. There are worries about the presence of an incision in the single ventricle for the proximal conduit insertion as a cause of long-term ventricular dysfunction or arrhythmias. An NIH-funded prospective randomized multi-center trial to compare the classical Norwood to Sano's modification is getting under way in North America in which Children's Medical Center Dallas will participate.
At Children's Medical Center Dallas in 2004, 19 Norwood operations were performed with a mortality rate of 5.2%. There was one interstage mortality in the 18 Norwood survivors prior to BDCPA (5.6%) during that time period. The overall mortality for open heart surgery at Children's in 2004 was 1.7%.
For more information, contact Joseph Forbess, M.D., director, Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Medical Center Dallas, at 214-456-5000 or firstname.lastname@example.com.

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The 58-year-old president of Fry's Food Stores died Friday of a heart attack.
Fry's employees were notified of Jon Flora's unexpected death Friday afternoon.
Flora was the face of the company, representing it in most of its print advertising and television commercials.
Flora had been with Kroger, the company that owns Fry's, for 38 years -- and served as Fry's president for the last 6 years.
WHBQ-TV | Fox 13 485 S. Highland St.Memphis, TN 38111Main Station: (901) 320-1313Newsroom: (901) 320-1340


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If you have been reading Planet MySQL over April you will have seen many blog posts on the new features in the MySQL 5.6 (currently a development release). I developed several patches that are in 5.6 including the 'Slave_last_heartbeat' status variable to show the time of the last replication heartbeat received. One of the cool new features I developed which I am most proud of is the option to remotely backup your binary logs without a MySQL slave:
Remote Binlog Back-up
Enhances operational efficiency by using the replication channel to create real-time back-ups from the binary log.
By adding arawflag, the binlog is written out to remote back-up servers, without having a MySQL database instance translating it into SQL statements, and without the DBA needing SSH access to each master server.
Here is a quick story as to why I developed it and how it can help people.
Back then I was a MySQL Support Engineer and a customer asked if it was possible to retrieve binary logs from a remote server in real time without needing a MySQL slave using the blackhole engine. The customer had many servers that they wanted to backup into just a few backup servers. Unfortunately at the time there was no such tool, but within 24 hours I had hacked a patch into mysqlbinlog to provide this. The patch had bugs and missed a lot of features back then but the proof of concept was good enough to show that a real patch could be made.
The new 'raw mode' option to mysqlbinlog can connect to a remote MySQL server, retrieve the binary logs and can continue retrieving them until an error occurs. So it is possible to have a backup of your binary logs up to the second that your primary data centre bursts into flames.
You can read up more about how to use this in the MySQL manual.


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Computer Hardware Recommendations
Cal State San Marcos recommends to all incoming students that they have access to a personal computer they can use toward the completion of their coursework.
For the specifications of the computers available on campus, please visit the IITS Refresh Program page(the specifications are at the bottom of the page). These are the current hardware recommendations for those who might wish to purchase a personal computer to meet this need. These recommendations are reviewed and updated frequently.
CSUSM gets a special student pricing and purchase plans on a number of pre-configured computer systems from Dell's University Program.
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Technical Papers and Presentations
Design and Analysis of MEMS Gyroscope
L. Sujatha[1], B. Preethi[1]
[1]Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India
MEMS gyroscope technology provides cost- effective method for improving directional estimation and overall accuracy in the navigation systems. This paper presents a tuning- fork gyroscope (TFG) [1] with a perforated proof mass. The perforated proof mass used in the design enables the reduction of the damping effect. This MEMS based gyroscope was designed using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2a. This ...
Tunable MEMS Capacitor for RF Applications
H. S. Shriram[1], T. Nimje[1], D. Vakharia[1]
[1]BITS Pilani, Rajasthan, India
Radio Frequency MEMS devices have emerged to overcome the problem of high losses associated with semiconductors at high frequencies. A tunable MEMS capacitor is a micrometre-scale electronic device whose capacitance is controlled through different actuation mechanisms which govern the moving parts. It can have electrostatic or electrothermal actuators depending on the functional complexity and ...
Design and Simulation of a Nano-Wire Based Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor
S. A. Selvin, N. B. Moorthy, G. Anju, and M. Alagappan
PSG College of Technology
Tamil Nadu, India
This paper chalks out the design and performance of a piezo resistive surface micro machined circular diaphragm based pressure sensor. A structural deformation in the piezo resistive nano structure placed above the diaphragm will result in varied current density, which is in direct accordance with the applied pressure. This effect relies on the principle of piezo resistivity and employing a nano ...
Numerical Modeling of Dielectrophoretic Forces Acting upon Biological Cells in Silicon Lab-On-Chip Devices
S. Burgarella, M. Bianchessi, and M. De Fazio
Advanced System Technology, R&I e-Health, STMicroelectronics, Agrate Brianza, Italy
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a promising method for the automated separation of biological cells in a miniaturized format. This technology allows cells to be manipulated electronically while suspended in a microfluidic channel embedded in a silicon lab-on-chip. In this work, several dielectrophoretic configurations have been designed and fabricated using micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) ...
Surface Plasmon Resonance
J. Crompton[1], S. Yushanov[1], L.T. Gritter[1], K.C. Koppenhoefer[1]
[1]AltaSim Technologies, Columbus, OH, USA
The resonance conditions for surface plasmons are influenced by the type and amount of material on a surface. Full insight into surface plasmon resonance requires quantum mechanics considerations. However, it can be also described in terms of classical electromagnetic theory by considering electromagnetic wave reflection, transmission, and absorption for the multi-layer medium. The two commonly ...
Nondestructive Testing of Composites Using Model Based Design
E. Nesvijski[1]
[1]ACOUSTICS@MBD CONSULTANTS, LLC, Westborough, MA, USA
There is a practical interest among composite materials manufacturers to high-speed accurate non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technology for voids inspection when these voids are natural components of such complex structures like resin insulated layer of double-sided copper-clad laminates. Model based design (MBD) of NDE system is one of principal solutions for voids inspection in such composites ...
Design and Simulation of 3D MEMS Piezoelectric Gyroscope using COMSOL Multiphysics®
T.Madhuranath[1], R.Praharsha[1], Dr.K.Srinivasa Rao[1]
[1]Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
MEMS is the leading technology which combines both electronic and mechanical devices on a single microchip. Tracing the position of the object is an important problem in engineering. This can be addressed by Gyroscopes. These sensors are used to find orientation and angular velocity. This paper focuses on 3D MEMS Piezoelectric Gyroscope. COMSOL Multiphysics® is used for designing and ...
Simulation of ZnO Enhanced SAW Gas Sensor
H. du Plessis[1], W. Perold[1]
[1]University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used for their sensing capabilities and gas sensing is only one of many uses. There is an ever increasing need to make them as effective as possible by adding nanomaterials to the device. In this study a two-port delay-line structure with 128YX lithium niobate was simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics® in the form of a 2D cross-section. ZnO nanopillars ...
Sensitivity Optimization of Microfluidic Capacitance Sensors
S. Satti[1], M. Baghini[1]
[1]Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
As a part of a lab-on-chip-device, more often it is required to measure dielectric constant of the fluid. For this purpose it is necessary to develop a sensor whose size is compatible with microfluidic channel. The work, presented in this paper, studies effect of the parameters influencing sensitivity of such a sensor and ultimately optimizes these dimensions to maximize the sensitivity. We ...
Modeling and Simulation of Piezoelectric Materials for Comparison to Experimental Data
E. Nesvijski[1,2], R. Sahul[2]
[1]Western New England College, Springfield, MA, USA
[2]TRS Technologies, State College, PA, USA
Finite element analysis (FEA) is a modern tool for exploration of new horizons in science, technology and engineering. Different computer software such as ANSYS, ABACUS, PZFLEX and COMSOL Multiphysics® based on FEA are used for modeling and simulation of acoustic phenomena, for design of new and optimization and improvement of existing acoustic engineering systems. This work presents application ...


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Maxwell's Demon revisited
by AdrianMay
Tags: entropy, second law, thermodynamics
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Feb24-12, 01:56 AM
Hi Folks,
(Skip to next paragraph if you already know what M's D is.) Maxwell's demon was a counterargument to the second law of thermodynamics (and hence the first) involving two chambers of air connected by a trap door which this demon would open and close to let fast molecules go one way and slow ones the other. One chamber gets hotter and can perpetually drive a heat engine.
The catch apparently lies in the assumption that the demon himself can be neglected but in reality one has to consider the entropy associated with his decision. But this argument makes no reference to the size of the air molecules.
What if they were whopping great cannonballs? Can one still claim that the energetic equivalent of whatever bits he has to erase in his head is comparable with the power station you could drive that way? How do we even make the comparison between energy and entropy here?
Now that I think about it, I don't really understand why it would have been a problem in the first place. If I milk kinetic energy out of either chamber, all the cannonballs are gonna slow down eventually. But they did teach me in school that breaking the second law was tantamount to breaking the first.
Feb24-12, 02:12 AM
Another problem with the "erasing bits in his head" argument is that it doesn't mention the temperatures involved, or how fussy he is. The number of bits he has to erase is independent of whether he sets his threshold at 100^C or 1000^C. But surely the entropy reduction is different in the two cases.
Feb24-12, 07:59 AM
Sci Advisor
You have to erase the bits to ensure the process is cyclic- your end state is the same as the initial state.
Feb24-12, 10:38 AM
Maxwell's Demon revisited
I know I have to erase the bits, but I don't see how that problem can compare with an entropy reduction that seems to be in totally different units.
Feb24-12, 12:40 PM
Also, entropy is "missing information" and may be different for different people. If person A knows only the temperature, pressure, volume, etc of a gas, then A will calculate some entropy for that gas, but if person B knows the position and velocity (speaking classically, now) of every particle in that gas, then they will say there is no entropy. Person A will write the second law of thermodynamics as dU=TdS-PdV+µdN (µ is chemical potential, you have to include that when possibly changing the number of particles). Person B will write the second law as [itex]dU=\sum m_iv_i^2/2[/itex] where the index i runs over all particles. It won't be the second law, really, it will be a mechanical equation.
I guess I don't understand how the energy expended by the demon can compare to the energy of one "hot" cannonball being allowed to pass through the door. The demon can use photons to determine the position and energy of a cannonball, but the energy used is negligible compared to the cannonball. Same goes for the energy needed for the demon to record the information. Can we say the energy required to open and shut the door is negligible?
So this means that energy is flowing from one side to the other. The entropy of the system may be increasing, but the temperature of demon's process is way lower than the temperature of the cannonballs.
Feb24-12, 03:20 PM
Sci Advisor
Alternatively, there is the information required to specify the microstate itself- this has been worked out in terms of algorithms, and the most straightforward definition is the Kolmogorov complexity. The two measures are somewhat related (for example, the amount of information required to transmit instructions for constructing a power plant is related to the information required to actually construct the power plant), but Shannon's result is better understood and is the basis for several data compression algorithms.
Your example of a gas of cannonballs a very interesting one (especially if gravity is not important)- defining the temperature of such a gas is not so obvious: see, for example, the hard-sphere phase transition. The transition between fluid and crystal occurs at a particular volume fraction- not the conventional sense of temperature. In terms of thermodynamics, the entropy of a gas of cannonballs will also depend on the volume fraction.
Feb24-12, 06:17 PM
The demon has to measure the speed of the cannonball by absorption of photons as you suggest, these are now high energy photons coming from a source of 2.4 x 10^22 Kelvin, which surely will increase the demon's temperature greatly is he is tiny enough to not have an energy expenditure of appreciable value when opening or closing the door. So the question is then how many cannonballs can the demon measure and let through the door before his own temperature rises to that of the cannonballs.
I don't think size of "molecules" matters for Maxwell's demon.
Feb24-12, 08:12 PM
Notice that the demon knows more than the temperature, pressure, and volume. The demon knows the position and momentum of the cannonballs in his vicinity. (They are big enough to be treated classically).
I don't think the size of the molecules matters either - which is why we should be able to prove that the second law is not violated for a human demon and a gas of cannonballs undergoing perfectly elastic collisions.
Feb24-12, 09:33 PM
Oh dear. I seem to have put the cat among the pigeons. Can we escalate this one? E.g. to Stephen Hawking or somebody like that ;-)
I think 256bits must be on to something with the temperature of the cannonballs thing. Real cannonballs would probably heat up as they bounced around, taking energy out of the translational modes. We'd better include rotation as well. If we said there were no other modes but translation, then I think we'd be talking about a quantum system which might be a totally different ball game (scuse the pun) and if we approximated the collisions to perfectly elastic I think we'd just be agreeing to wait a very long time but not talking about perpetual motion or equilibrium. So let's take the case where the energy spreads out over all modes that a real cannonball has and see if we still have a problem.
I think we do though because I can reduce the rate at which the demon gets sunbathed just by shrinking him and then I only need a very small fridge to keep him cool. I'm expecting to milk significant energy out of this contraption and I reckon I can spare that much for the fridge.
Using Rap's numbers as an example, can anybody figure out how much energy we can harvest if we naively ignore the bits in the demon's head? I'm so clueless about thermodynamics that it still looks like zero to me, which means I don't understand why breaking the 2nd law means breaking the 1st or what was so demonic about this trapdoor in the first place.
Feb24-12, 11:30 PM
We should deal with the simplest situation possible that keeps the problem alive. Cannonballs colliding inelastically is a needless complication, it means the system is out of equilibrium - the cannonballs have an internal temperature and a "cannonball gas temperature" and they are vastly different. Equilibrium occurs when the two temperatures are the same - i.e. the cannonballs are practically motionless and have absorbed all the kinetic energy they used to have and that energy is now heat energy. When talking about entropy, you have to include the "internal entropies" of the cannonballs and the "cannonball gas entropy", etc. etc. Huge complication for the demon to keep track of. Do we really want to worry about Maxwell's demon in a non-equilibrium situation when the problem does not demand non-equilibrium? No.
We can forget about angular momentum too. Elastic collisions will impart no rotational energy to any cannonball during a collision, either from an off-center hit or from a rotating cannonball transferring rotational energy to another cannonball. Just as the internal temperature of a cannonball is irrelevant, so is its rotational energy.
Elastically colliding cannonballs are like a simple monatomic ideal gas, and Maxwells demon should give the same results in both cases. The problem is kept alive - what happens if you go to a "cannonball gas"? The bits that the demon will have to record will simply be the positions and momenta of the cannonballs, he won't have to worry about the internal entropy bits of the cannonballs, the rotation of the cannonballs, etc. Much simpler, and I don't think we will require quantum mechanics to resolve the issue.
I'm not very good at Maxwell's demon, there must be something missing. Is it that the demon is required to be at the same temperature as the gas he is manipulating? If that is the case, then if you multiply the information entropy of those recorded bits times kT where T=10^22 or whatever, you get a very big energy, on the order of a cannonball's kinetic energy, and that plus the photon energy he used to measure the cannonballs may be more than the energy "generated" by the demon. I don't know.
Also, violating the second law does not mean you violate the first. The second law is being violated all the time by small fluctuations, the first law, classically never. Its only in the "thermodynamic limit" of an infinite number of particles that the second law holds exactly.
Feb25-12, 02:10 AM
The elastic case is clearly simpler, but I'm worried that it might be too soft on me, i.e., make it too easy for me to make this case that the "bits-in-the-head" argument is dodgy. Perhaps if we get a full blown paradox in the elastic case, the solution is that perfect elasticity isn't achievable in practice.
Not in theory either if the balls have non-zero diameter. That follows from relativity - there has to be a wave in the ball to tell the back face to change direction, and that wave can't go at infinite speed, so it's gonna bounce around and dissipate as heat.
Put it this way: it would be more satisfying to me to make my case fly in the inelastic case than just to get away with it in the idealised case.
As for rotation, you might be right that rotating modes won't get stimulated if the balls are *oily*, but if you're prepared to overlook the relativity argument, then we could also speak of perfect elasticity in the case that their surfaces have an enormous coefficient of static friction and therefore won't grind against each other. In that case, I think balls glancing off each other would end up rotating. I don't mind having oily balls though.
I'm not entirely convinced that the temperature of the demon is relevant. I reckon 1 bit of information is just that. Is it really applicable to take equations like dU = TdS ... which originally came from huge statistical systems like gases and apply them to single bits. I'd like to hear a more mechanical argument that a bit really really has to use TdS of energy when you erase it.
I also have my doubts about this 10^22 Kelvin. That would seem to imply that if I use 1kg balls of something inelastic like plasticine starting at absolute zero, then let all the KE turn to heat just by watching them all go splat, then they should reach this wild temperature. But in reality they only seem to heat up a few tenths of a degree or so. Perhaps the bug in the calculation is that pdV wasn't mentioned.
Feb25-12, 06:00 AM
PF Gold
Listen to Rap, he's making good sense. The first case to understand is the purely elastic case, because we should be able to account for that situation. Also, we do not want to make the Demon be the same T as the cannonballs, indeed it will be crucial that the Demon either not have a T associated with him at all, or else have a much lower T associated with him than the cannonballs have. Finally, the energy per "cannonball" is indeed very much like their temperature here, so if we have a counterintuitive case to understand, it is the case where the "Demon" is generating a huge T difference across the "door" by using what would seem to be a relatively small number of decisions.
First let me say there must not be anything "dodgy" about the "erasing bits" argument, even in the case of cannonballs and high T-- that argument must hit the nail on the head even in that situation, so this is what we need to understand. I would say the first thing we should do is distinguish the first and second laws-- the first merely being conservation of energy, the second counting entropy. What seems "paradoxical" here is that if the Demon can take a gas that is everywhere the same (very large) T, and make some decisions about a door, he can generate a huge T difference, which could then run a heat engine and do work, in a way that looks completely cyclic so sounds like it could be repeated over and over. This does not yield any problems with the first law, because energy is still being conserved-- if the heat engine does work, the cannonballs lose energy, and since nothing replaces that energy, there is no connection here to a perpetual motion machine. Perpetual motion machines are not power generators, they are simply machines that don't run down on their own, and that brings in the second law.
So the real issue here is with the second law-- clearly a huge T difference has lower entropy than the original state of a huge T that is the same on both sides. So how did the Demon achieve that with just a few decisions? If we have cannonballs, we have the same number of decisions, but a much larger T difference, so isn't that a contradiction or paradox?
No, it's fine. We just need to understand the connection between T and entropy. The first thing to do is get rid of the ridiculous units here-- we multiply T by k and divide S by k, so now S is S/k and means the natural log of the number of configurations N that are in the class associated with S, and T is kT and should be interepreted as the energy scale of changes that affect S/k. Specifically, an energy change of kT corresponds to augmenting S/k by one, which also corresponds to "one binary decision" about opening or closing the door. So you immediately see the key issue here-- if each cannonball has a huge energy, then one decision about the door automatically has a big effect on the energy difference, but not a huge effect on the entropy decrease! One decision by the Demon is always 1 unit of entropy lost in the gas, via the T difference it creates, regardless of the energy per cannonball. At any T, one decision corresponds to kT of energy added to the higher-T gas, which always lowers the entropy by 1, even if T is huge.
So in other words, we do not magnify the entropy consequences of the Demon's decisions simply by magnifying the energy of the cannonballs-- that is not the connection between entropy and energy. If there is already a huge energy per cannonball, than the entropy is "less impressed" by big energy shifts involving opening and closing the door. Either way, one bit in the head of the Demon is one kT of energy that is getting added to the high-T, high-S gas and removed from the low-T, low-S gas, and that always results in a net decrease in S/k of 1. But of course it also results in a net increase in the S/k in the Demon, so there is no issue, and you need to ignore (or "erase") that entropy increase in the Demon to get the "paradox."
So the bottom line is, the "paradox" stems from not understanding the fact that when the energy scale is magnified, the entropy consequences are not-- because at higher energy, each "decision" corresponds to more energy, but at higher T, more energy is needed to have the same impact on the entropy. The bottom line is, in thermodynamics, the Demon does not have "intention" or "purpose" that motivates his actions-- he is just another "dumb gas" that will only do what he does if it results in a net increase in entropy in the total Demon+gas system. He does what he does because it is a more likely configuration of the whole system, that's "intention" in themodynamics. And there is no issue with extracting work from the gas-- if you have access to an entropy-generating mechanism (like a brain), you can use it to drop the entropy somewhere else, and extract work in a way that conserves energy overall. This just means that brains are even more important to have in situations where there is access to high temperature, because each decision by the brain has a relatively larger energy consequence, which is also why you need good brains with their "fingers on the button" if you see what I mean!
Feb25-12, 08:33 AM
Thanks Ken, you seem to have got this pointing in the right direction, but I have one last misconception.
I already mentioned the question of how fussy the demon is. Where in the probability distribution of temperature per molecule does he set his threshold for opening the door? Can we really say that the entropy decrease of the gas per decision is independent of the threshold, and/or can we say that the entropy value of the bits in his head are independent of the threshold? I'd be tempted to say nO and yES respectively, which would resuscitate the problem.
I still haven't really understood this energy-entropy connection. Let's just banish k by an appropriate choice of units, as Einstein banished c and QM people banish h and so on.
Are you saying that one bit is just one bit of negentropy = ln(2), irrespective of any temperature? I think so. I think you'd only care about T if you cared about energy, which you already said was irrelevant because I can't make a power station out of this anyway.
But the threshold does affect the number of phonons being moved over the divide in each decision. That's the point right? We're talking about the number of ways we can distribute a known number of phonons over a known (but inconstant) number of modes. If we can sort a lot of phonons in one go then we've made a big difference to the number of ways the whole system can be arranged. So the earlier nO seems supported.
How about the yES?
Feb25-12, 08:52 AM
The lowered entropy (different temperatures) of the two gases can now be used to run an engine for a little while, until the temperatures are equal again (but lower than before). Then the demon can lower the entropy again, getting different temperatures again, which can then run the engine again for a little while (not delivering as much energy as before, because of lower temperatures). This could go on and on, but you could never get that engine to produce more energy than the amount of kinetic energy in the original gases.
The thing about the cannonball gas is only that there is a lot of energy there to be converted (the cannonball-gas temperature is so huge and there's a mole of cannonballs).
Is this right?
Feb25-12, 09:37 AM
Here's a completely different point: Bennet's take is that the Demon has to erase a bit when he forgets what he observed, which means setting a bit (that might have had any value) to a distinct value, which means lowering entropy and thus using energy. That's supposed to help. But now that Ken has unravelled energy and entropy it seems more like a hindrance.
The demon doesn't have to erase any bits.
He stores the bit by letting the molecule through!
Oops: wasn't there a change of sign somewhere? I think so. I say the demon picks up negentropy from the chamber he observes and dumps it in the one behind the door. He doesn't need much RAM and his entropy is steady. Simple. Bennet's take is considerably more convoluted and I think he sneaks in a change of sign by using the very law that's under attack - the 2nd.
Surely the demon was always maintaining a steady state - nobody ever asked him to store any internal state.
It's multiply circular to argue that the demon might be in danger of acquiring a long memory when he never needed to, then to say that he has to take precautions against that, and that the precautions would seem to reduce entropy (although the danger would have reduced entropy as well) and then to blithely assume that the second law dictates some energy requirement when the second law is the very thing under attack by the paradox we are trying to solve.
Whatever thermodynamic arguments are raised for claiming that the demon has to use energy, increase entropy or whatever, it should be possible to ground them in mechanistic, Newtonian style physics. Otherwise, there's a lot of danger of circularity.
Feb25-12, 11:09 AM
PF Gold
Feb25-12, 11:19 AM
PF Gold
Feb25-12, 11:32 AM
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On behalf of everyone here at GamePolitics and the ECA we wish our readers a safe and happy holiday. We hope you are enjoying your extended weekend and are out (or in, as the case may be) having fun on the unofficial start of summer.
If you want an explanation of what Memorial Day is all about and why it is a very important holiday to a majority of Americans, then you should check out usmemorialday.org.


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Meredith, Owen, the plane crash...check out 10 years of highlights of Cristina Yang!
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- Sam Ash Gift Guides
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The world's top-selling stage tuner, the BOSS TU-2, evolves and improves with the debut of the TU-3.Housed in a tank-tough BOSS stompbox body, the TU-3 features a smooth 21-segment LED meter with a High-Brightness mode that cuts through the harshest outdoor glare. Choose between Chromatic or Guitar/Bass tuning modes, and enjoy visual pinpoint tuning verification with the Accu-Pitch Sign function.
|Other Features
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Comments about Boss TU3 Chromatic Guitar & Bass Pedal Tuner:
for the money, you can't get a better tuner pedal. you just can't.
Best Uses
Comments about Boss TU3 Chromatic Guitar & Bass Pedal Tuner:
Got it before I got into pedal board use. It continues to serve its purpose. However, on a pedal board the location must be considered because of the depress switch. A button switch would make it perfect for the toe tap unless you're using a bypass looper. The cut off for the tuning mode gets me in and out fast. Very easy to read.
TU3 Chromatic Guitar & Bass Pedal Tuner
Effects pedals: 5 years parts, 3 years labor All other products: 1 year parts, 90 days labor


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SPRINGHILL — Two north Webster Parish men are facing a variety of drug-related charges as the result of an undercover operation successfully conducted by members of the North Webster Narcotic Task Force, a collection of agents from the Springhill Police Department and parish Sheriff's Office.
"Task force agents had set up surveillance on an Elmwood Street residence where we had purchased methamphetamine during our undercover operation," Springhill Chief of Police Will Lynd said. "We saw our suspect get into a pickup and served a warrant on him. We also obtained permission to search the vehicle in which he was a passenger."


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Former Kansas City Chiefs GM Scott Pioli is a guest expert on Path To The Draft today on NFL Network, live from the 2013 NFL Scouting Combine.
Early in the show, Pioli sat down next to the Chiefs' current head coach, Andy Reid, and the two went on a trip to Awkward Town. Then later, Pioli was finally asked specifically, whether or not he though the Chiefs should be targeting a QB in the 2013 NFL Draft.
First of all, I don't think I should be telling the Kansas City Chiefs what to do at all, ok. (laughing) I had my time, it didn't work out. There's a solid foundation of talent on that football team. They need to get the best player available. You look at their roster, people say that they're all set. Luke Joeckel, he comes in, hen maybe they don't get Branden Albert signed. What is Branden Albert demanding? They've got three key free agents on their football team this year in Dwayne Bowe, Branden Albert and really, Dustin Colquitt, one of the best punters in the National Football League.
They've got to figure out where they're using that franchise tag. That is going to have an impact on what they do in the draft. They sign Dwayne Bowe and well, maybe there's a lot of things that they can do. Right now…I think right now the best player is Luke Joeckel. That could change here in the coming weeks.
There it is. Pioli says the Chiefs need to get the best player available and later, he says that he thinks Luke Joeckel is the best player available.
To be fair, Pioli says that could change but still, this is the first time we've gotten a look into which player Pioli thinks is the best in this year's class. Had he not been fired, Pioli would be the one making the decisions for the Chiefs this year.
Can you imagine what would have happened in KC if Pioli was retained, then didn't re-sign Branden Albert and then drafted Luke Joeckel?
The thing is, the same situation, minus Pioli, could still happen.


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Efficacy and Safety of BI 10773 in Combination With Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
This study has been completed.
Boehringer Ingelheim
Eli Lilly and Company
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Boehringer Ingelheim
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: November 10, 2009
Last updated: October 17, 2012
Last verified: October 2012
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The objective of the current study is to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of BI 10773 at two different doses compared to placebo during long term treatment (78 weeks) in combination with basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with insufficient glycaemic control.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Drug: BI 10773 placebo
Drug: BI 10773 low dose
Drug: BI 10773 high dose
Phase 2
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double-Blind
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|A Phase IIb Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study of BI 10773 Administered Orally Once Daily for 78 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Combination With Basal Insulin Therapy
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Diabetes Diabetes Medicines Diabetes Type 2
Drug Information available for: EmpagliflozinU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Boehringer Ingelheim:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Change from baseline in Glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [ Time Frame: 18 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Treat to target and relative efficacy response of reduction in HbA1c of at least 0.5% [ Time Frame: 18, 54, 78 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
- Change from baseline and percent change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [ Time Frame: 18, 54, 78 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Change from baseline in dose of basal insulin therapy [ Time Frame: 54 and 78 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Change from baseline in body weight [ Time Frame: 54, 78 and 82 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Change from baseline in Glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [ Time Frame: 54 and 78 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
|Study Start Date:
|November 2009
|Primary Completion Date:
|May 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Experimental: BI 10773 low dose
Patients receive BI 10773 low dose daily
Drug: BI 10773 low dose
BI 10773 low dose
Experimental: BI 10773 high dose
Patients receive BI 10773 high dose daily
Drug: BI 10773 placebo
BI 10773 placeboDrug: BI 10773 high dose
BI 10773 high dose
Placebo Comparator: placebo
Patients receive placebo to match BI 10773 daily
Drug: BI 10773 placebo
BI 10773 placebo
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older
|Genders Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion criteria:
- Signed and dated written informed consent by date of Visit 1 in accordance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and local legislation
- Male and female patients with a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus treated with a stable dose of basal insulin with or without concomitant metformin and / or sulfonylurea.
- Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (Type A, subtype 1c) of >7.0% and < or = 10% at Visit 1 (screening)
- Suitability for trial participation according to investigator's judgment (evaluating all alternative treatment options and in consideration of the patient completing the study)
- Age > or =18 years at Visit 1 (screening)
- BMI < or = 45 kg/m2 (Body Mass Index) at Visit 1 (screening)
Exclusion criteria:
- Patients with poorly controlled hyperglycemia
- Frequent (at the discretion of the investigator) episodes of hypoglycemic events on basal insulin therapy
- MI, stroke, or TIA within 3 months prior to obtaining informed consent
- Impaired hepatic or renal function; gastric surgery; cancer within the last 5 years; blood dyscrasias
6. Treatment with other anti-diabetics, anti-obesity medications, steroids or thyroid hormones, participation in another trial with an investigational drug 7. Pre-menopausal women on insufficient birth control 8. Alcohol or drug abuse
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01011868
Show 99 Study Locations
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01011868
Show 99 Study Locations
Sponsors and Collaborators
Boehringer Ingelheim
Eli Lilly and Company
|Study Chair:
|Boehringer Ingelheim
|Boehringer Ingelheim
More Information
No publications provided
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 18, 2014
No publications provided
|Responsible Party:
|Boehringer Ingelheim
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01011868 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|1245.33, 2009-013668-38
|Study First Received:
|November 10, 2009
|Last Updated:
|October 17, 2012
|Health Authority:
|Denmark: Danish Medicines Agency
France: Afssaps - Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé (Saint-Denis)
Ireland: Irish Medicines Board
Portugal: National Pharmacy and Medicines Institute
South Korea: Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA)
United Kingdom: Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
United States: Food and Drug Administration
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Metabolic Diseases
Endocrine System Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 18, 2014


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This blog is dedicated to the greatest all-female team in the history of comics, DC's Birds of Prey! Since it first appeared as a relatively unofficial short story buried in a DC showcase, the team's propularity and roster has grown.
Led by information and computer specialist Oracle (Barbara Gordon, formerly Batgirl), the field team has boasted a number of agents, most notably Black Canary, Huntress, Lady Blackhawk, Manhunter, Misfit and Big Barda, among many others (with plenty of appearances from other heroes). As the team returns to the spotlight, let's focus on all the great times this series has given us!
Note: Submissions will be accepted freely, but as far as possible the appearance of the Birds in other comics separate from BOP activity (e.g., Black Canary in the Justice League) should be avoided. Pin-ups are, of course, allowed. This is a guideline rather than a rule, but it would be better to dedicate this blog to the actual Birds of Prey outfit.
Birds of Prey vol 3 #1, Page 2
NIGHTNIGHT by DEDDY


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Use these versatile Pastel Blue Plastic Divided Banquet Dinner Plates for picnics, parties, birthdays and more! Package includes (20) plastic banquet dinner plates. Each divided plate measures 10.25" in diameter. Make every day special. Keep extra solid-color supplies on hand for those last-minute parties and impromptu get-togethers with friends and family. Have fun mixing and matching items to create the perfect color combination. Stock up today! Plates are not safe for dishwasher or microwave use. Hand wash only. Read More
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How can we create new key/value into 1 bucket (not into bucket default) ?
Fri, 03/26/2010 - 01:42
How can we create new key/value (memcache) into 1 bucket (not into bucket default) ? :confused:
Fri, 03/26/2010 - 08:38
To work with a bucket other than the "default" bucket, you would use a client which supports SASL authentication, authenticating using the bucket username/password. There are two clients which support this at the moment, the NorthScale shipped client and the Enyim C# client. Note that you don't need to support the NorthScale REST services, just SASL. This is a compatible subset of the SASL auth supported by memcached.org memcached.
Tue, 03/30/2010 - 11:36
If you're using Ruby, the Fauna memcached client (gem install memcached) also supports SASL now.


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With robots, artist simultaneously draws in three cities
An Austrian artist on Thursday drew three pictures simultaneously in three European capitals thanks to two robots copying his every movement in real time in Britain and Germany.
Breeding blow as Australian panda passions run low
It was back to the drawing board for Australian scientists Monday after another breeding season for giant pandas failed to produce results at the Adelaide Zoo.
Suggested DAD over CAD could save millions
New engineering design software could drastically improve the efficiency and accuracy of electrical system documentation and save the construction, minerals and energy industries millions in labour costs.
Venice hosts rare Leonardo drawings exhibition
Fifty-two drawings by Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci are going on show in Venice from Thursday, including the famous but rarely-seen Vitruvian Man charting the ideal proportions of the human body.
Scientists use game to generate database for analysis of drawing
The fingers of thousands of people who created sketches of Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie on their iPhones can collectively guide and correct the drawing strokes of subsequent touchscreen users in an application created by ...
400-year-old Rubens sketch discovered at Uni
A 17th century drawing by renowned artist Sir Peter Paul Rubens has been discovered at the University of Reading.
Promising drilling tool
An innovative new oil-drilling tool concept has seen the light of day.
Scientists underestimated potential for Tohoku quake. Now what?
The massive Tohoku, Japan, earthquake in 2011 and Sumatra-Andaman superquake in 2004 stunned scientists because neither region was thought to be capable of producing a megathrust earthquake with a magnitude exceeding 8.4.
Japanese researchers build robot with most humanlike muscle-skeleton structure yet (w/ video)
(Phys.org)—Researchers at the University of Tokyo have taken another step towards creating a robot with a faithfully recreated human skeleton and muscle structure. Called Kenshiro, the robot has been demonstrated ...
Children evaluate educational games
Is it possible to create suitable and amusing educational computer games? Can you use qualities from other types of games? And what do the children really think of these kinds of games? Wolmet Barendregt ...
Google hopes to revolutionize video chat with 'Hangout' apps
Christine Egy Rose realized she was on to something powerful. Instead of the awkward monosyllabic two-minute exchange her two-year-old son Jackson typically had over a video chat link with relatives, he spent a full 50 minutes ...
Study of comic books helps Stanford scholars identify cultural trends
Robots and mythical creatures battle each other in cartoon-like drawings spread across a table. A crowd gathers around to take a closer look at the vibrantly colored images from the pages of the award-winning ...
'Surrogates' aid design of complex parts and controlling video games
Researchers have defined a new class of software, calling it "surrogate interaction," which enables designers and video gamers to more easily change features of complex objects like automotive drawings or ...
Leonardo's anatomical sketches fascinate modern-day anatomist
Sketched at a time when few dared oppose prevailing medical dogma, the anatomical drawings of Leonardo da Vinci display his rare and courageous curiosity, says a Texas anatomist who co-authored a new art catalog ...


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great resources available from the perspective of african midwives…
(via browngurlwfro)
Neat article from RH Reality Check about the viability of birthing centers.Check it out! It's well worth the read!
"The big picture finding is this: for low-risk women giving birth, birth centers are an alternative that provides a safe, supportive, and cost-saving environment in which to give birth."
Check it out! It's well worth the read!
Hyperemesis is Serious Business, Whether You're a Princess or a Pauper
Written by Editor-in-Chief Jodi Jacobson for RH Reality Check. This diary is cross-posted; commenters wishing to engage directly with the author should do so at the original post.
As you might imagine, virtually every news outlet still located on planet Earth has covered the fact that Princess Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, is officially pregnant. A feeding frenzy of press coverage on the royal pregnancy has been virtually guaranteed since the day she and Prince William got engaged.
But unlike those princesses in the fairy tales, Princess Kate's pregnancy is so far neither easy nor uneventful. An announcement from the Royal Family stated that she was hospitalized with hyperemesis gravidarum, which the American Pregnancy Association explains as "a condition characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and electrolyte disturbance. Mild cases are treated with dietary changes, rest and antacids. More severe cases often require a stay in the hospital so that the mother can receive fluid and nutrition through an intravenous line (IV)."
Major news organizations are not widely known for their effective treatment of women's health issues, and so it's not been surprising to me that many have reported Kate is suffering with a "bad case of morning sickness." Others have been downright rude and ignorant. Gawker's Caity Weaver, for example, wrote that "hyperemesis gravidarum [is] what they call regular old morning sickness when you are a princess."
I beg to differ.


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If you like the card on the ceiling, you'll LOVE the card IN the ceiling! A signed card is shuffled into the deck and the deck is wrapped with a rubber band. The magician tosses the deck up to...
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2009-02-11 / Opinion
Violent offenders do not represent Long Islanders
There is no question that recent incidents on Long Island involving violence against minorities raise the consciousness of the public and lead to questions about how to ensure that the rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness touch the lives of everyone living here.
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Time To Draft Rubio For VP
Soon we will know the winner of the Florida Republican primary, and the winner in Florida will probably be the ultimate Republican nominee for president. So it is time to start considering whom to have for vice president. Florida Senator Marco Rubio is the man. It's not too soon! Don't take "no" for an answer! During the time he has been a senator, Rubio has | Read More »


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Toronto Argonauts head coach Scott Milanovich had some good news to report on Tuesday, announcing that receiver and kick returner Chad Owens is all right after he left last week's game with an apparent knee injury.
Owens was hurt late in Toronto's win over the Montreal Alouettes on Thursday after being hit by Geoff Tisdale.
"It was just one of those things. I took a shot, it was a good tackle," Owens told TSN after practice.
He explained that while at first he thought the hit might have been a bit low, he reviewed it on tape and changed his mind.
"Tisdale actually made a really good tackle, head across the bow and his shoulder pads right on my hip. I don't know what hit my knee but it's sort of a bone bruise.
"It's a little stiff but I ran around here (on Tuesday) and it feels good. I'll be all right." said Owens.
Milanovich confirmed that Owens is fine.
The Argonauts return to the field on Sunday night when they host the Edmonton Eskimos.
CFL on TSN analyst Paul LaPolice opens his playbook and breaks down key plays from each week's games. More...
The CFL on TSN panel is all set to answer your football questions!
Send your question on Twitter to @CFLonTSN using the hashtag #AskThePanel.


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Hip hop superstar 50 Cent is speaking out about the death of his business manager, Chris Lighty.
In his first TV interview, 50 Cent revealed to me the real reason he is bankrolling an investigation into how Lighty died. He told me Lighty's mother came to him, asking for help. She said that like many others, she didn't believe her son would take his own life.
Lighty died in August allegedly from a self-inflicted gunshot wound after an argument with his wife.
The city medical examiner ruled it a suicide, but many close to Lighty have their doubts. 50 Cent said he offered to pay for an investigation.
50 cent, whose real name is Curtis Jackson, told me the hip hop mogul was not financially desperate. He said they just booked an international tour for 2013 that would have netted Lighty millions.
Fox 5 obtained a copy of Lighty's will. The will, drafted in 2007, provides a separate $1.6 million trust fund for his children.
Aidala said establishing that trust shows great care and planning, especially for a man who at that time was only in his late thirties.
50 Cent, an award-winning platinum-selling artist said Lighty was involved in every major career development of his over the last decade. He said he believes Chris would do the same for him.
On behalf of Lighty's mother, attorney Scott Leemon and private investigator Les Levine are on the case.
50 Cent said he will back the effort until there is conclusive evidence one way or the other.
Fashion designer Nicky Hilton has been immersed in the industry since childhood when she began creating jewelry and accessories. The New Yorker and recently engaged socialite is sharing her strategy to building a wardrobe in the new book, '365 Style.' Hilton follows the 365 method which she invented.


text:
Lindsey Rustad
Team Leader / Research Ecologist
271 Mast Road
Durham, NH 03824
Phone: 603-397-7406
Contact Lindsey Rustad
Current ResearchOverarching research interests: Effects of anthropogenic disturbances on forested ecosystems of Northeastern North America, with an emphasis on acidic deposition and climate change.
- NE Forests 2100: The effects of climate change on forest ecosystems of the northeastern United States and Eastern Canada.
- A cross site study of fine root response to experimentally elevated N deposition.
- Understanding the impacts of ice storms on forest ecosystems of the northeastern United States and Eastern Canada. (pilot stage)
- Decadal-scale effects of experimental N additions on biogeochemical processes at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine.
Research Interests
- Continued synthesis of existing data and efforts to increase communication and collaboration amongst regional, national and international global change scientists.
- Evaluation of the effects of ice storms on forests of the northeastern United States.
- Evaluation of the single and interactive effects of chronic N additions and drought on fine root dynamics in northern forest ecosystems.
Why This Research is Important
An overwhelming scientific consensus exists that 20th century human activities have induced dramatic and unprecedented changes in the earth's chemical and physical environment. As such, the response of terrestrial ecosystems to this global phenomenon has been the subject of intense scientific scrutiny over the past several decades. Although much has been learned about terrestrial ecosystem response to these perturbations (e.g. climate change, acidic deposition), urgent and immediate needs remain to continue to build a sound scientific basis for regional, national and international policies regulating such things as carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, sulfur, and mercury. In order to meet these complex needs in a timely fashion, a growing consensus exists within the scientific community that it will be necessary to better integrate observational, experimental, and modeling techniques into a unified multidisciplinary approach to understanding ecosystem response to global change.
- University of Maine, Ph.D. Plant Science, 1988
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, M.F.S. Forest Science, 1983
- Cornell University, B.A. Philosophy, 1980
Professional Organizations
- Soil Science Society of America
- Ecological Society of America
Featured Publications & Products
- Pardo, L.H.; Templer, P.H.; Goodale, C.L.; Duke, S.; Groffman, P.M.; Adams, M.B.; Boeckx, P.; Boggs, J.; Campbell, J.; Colman, B.; Compton, J.; Emmett, B.; Gundersen, P.; Kjonaas, J.; Lovett, G.; Mack, M.; Magill, A.; Mbila, M.; Mitchell, M.J.; McGee, G.; McNulty, S.; Nadelhoffer, K.; Ollinger, S.; Ross, D.; Rueth, H.; Rustad, L.; Schaberg, P.; Schiff, S.; Schleppi, P.; Spoelstra, J.; Wessel, W. 2006. Regional assessment of N saturation using foliar and root δ15N.
- Fernandez, Ivan J.; Rustad, Lindsey E.; Norton, Stephen A.; Wiersma, G. Bruce; Kahl, J. Stephen. 2005. The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine ? Decadal Responses to Whole Forest Ecosystem Manipulations.
- McNulty, Steven G.; Boggs, Johnny; Aber, John D.; Rustad, Lindsey; Magill, Allison. 2005. Red spruce ecosystem level changes following 14 years of chronic N fertilization.
- Elvir, Jose Alexander; Rustad, Lindsey; Wiersma, G. Bruce; Fernandez, Ivan; White, Alan S.; White, Gregory J. 2005. Eleven-year response of foliar chemistry to chronic nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine.
- Jefts, Sultana; Fernandez, Ivan J.; Rustad, Lindwey E.; Dail, D. Bryan. 2004. Decadal responses in soil N dynamics at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA.
Publications & Products
- Campbell, John L.; Rustad, Lindsey E.; Porter, John H.; Taylor, Jeffrey R.; Dereszynski, Ethan W.; Shanley, James B.; Gries, Corinna; Henshaw, Donald L.; Martin, Mary E.; Sheldon, Wade. M.; Boose, Emery R. 2013. Quantity is nothing without quality: automated QA/QC for streaming sensor networks.
- Rustad, Lindsey E.; Campbell, John L. 2012. A novel ice storm manipulation experiment in a northern hardwood forest.
- Rustad, Lindsey; Campbell, John; Dukes, Jeffrey S.; Huntington, Thomas; Fallon Lambert, Kathy; Mohan, Jacqueline; Rodenhouse, Nicholas. 2012. Changing climate, changing forests: The impacts of climate change on forests of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
- Crowley, K.F.; McNeil, B.E.; Lovett, G.M.; Canham, C.D.; Driscoll, C.T.; Rustad, L.E.; Denny, E.; Hallett, R.A.; Arthur, M.A.; Boggs, J.L.; Goodale, C.L.; Kahl, J.S.; McNulty, S.G.; Ollinger, S.V.; Pardo, L.H.; Schaberg, P.G.; Stoddard, J.L.; Weand, M.P.; Weather, K.C. 2012. Do nutrient limitation patterns shift from nitrogen toward phosphorus with increasing nitrogen deposition across the northeastern United States?.
- Groffman, Peter M.; Rustad, Lindsey; Templer, Pamela H.; Campbell, John; Christenson, Lynn M.; Lany, Nina K.; Socci, Anne M.; Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A.; Schaberg, Paul; Wilson, Geoffrey F.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Fahey, Timothy J.; Fisk, Melany C.; Goodale, Christine L.; Green, Mark B.; Hamburg, Steven P.; Johnson, Chris E.; Mitchell, Myron J.; Morse, Jennifer L.; Pardo, Linda H.; Rodenhouse, Nicholas L. 2012. Long-term integrated studies show complex and surprising effects of climate change in northern hardwood forests.
- Neary, Daniel; Hayes, Deborah; Rustad, Lindsey; Vose, James; Gottfried, Gerald; Sebesteyn, Stephen; Johnson, Sherri; Swanson, Fred; Adams, Mary. 2012. US Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges Network: a continental research platform for catchment-scale research.
- Campbell, John L.; Rustad, Lindsey E.; Boyer, Elizabeth W.; Christopher, Sheila F.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Fernandez, Ivan .J.; Groffman, Peter M.; Houle, Daniel; Kiekbusch, Jana; Magill, Alison H.; Mitchell, Myron J.; Ollinger, Scott V. 2009. Consequences of climate change for biogeochemical cycling in forests of northeastern North America.
- Rustad, Lindsey; Campbell, John; Cox, Roger; Dukes, Jeffrey; Huntington, T.G.; Magill, Allison; Richardson, Andrew; Mohan, Jacqueline; Pontius, Jennifer; Rodenhouse, N.R.; Watson, M.R. 2009. NE Forests 2100: A synthesis of climate change impacts on forests of the northeastern US and eastern Canada.
- Rustad, Lindsey E. 2008. The response of terrestrial ecosystems to global climate change: Towards an integrated approach.
- Fernandez, Ivan J.; Rustad, Lindsey E.; Norton, Stephen A.; Kahl, Jeffrey S.; Cosby, Bernard J. 2003. Experimental Acidification Causes Soil Base-Cation Depletion at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine.
- Rustad, L.E.; Campbell, J.L.; Marion, G.M.; Norby, R.J.; Mitchell, M.J.; Hartley, A.E.; Cornelissen, J.H.C.; Gurevitch, J. 2001. A meta-analysis of the response of soil respiration, net nitrogen mineralization, and aboveground plant growth to experimental ecosystem warming.
- Aber, John; McDowell, William; Nadelhoffer, Knute; Magill, Alison; Berntson, Glenn; Kamakea, Mark; McNulty, Steven; Currie, William; Rustad, Lindsey; Fernandez, Ivan. 1998. Nitrogen Saturation in Temperate Forest Ecosystems.
Research Highlights
|Changing Climate, Changing Forests
Effects of climate change on forests of the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada


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Tiger of Sweden
Jule Dress
Shipping 3-6 working daysOver 850 brandsScandinavia's No 1 Fashion Site
Dress from TIGER OF SWEDEN. Rounded neckline and hook and eye in the back. Hanging straps in the back and front, lined. Dry cleaning is recommended.
Made of 100% Polyester.
Model is 177 cm tall and is wearing a size X-Small.
Item no.: 103545-1941
Colour: Sea Shell
Size reviewsSmall in size
Complete the look
More about the brandTiger of Sweden was established in 1903 in Uddevalla, a small town on the Swedish West Coast. Their foundation is based on a strong ready to wear suiting collection, drawing on solid tailoring skills, refined for over 100 years. In 1993 the brand was repositioned with a clear vision – "to take the suit out of the bank onto the street". Their well-tailored Scandinavian style and trademark fit offers 24/7 fashion for 24/7 people. They call it "a different cut". Tiger of Sweden is an international design brand including men's, women's and jeans collections and a wide range of shoes and accessories. Read more
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Whether your plan is to rent a flat or house, or buy a property, it is useful to know what to expect before beginning your search. Here's where to get that information. Confused by local terms? Refer to the Property Jargon Guide to decode words and abbreviations used in property advertisements online, in newspapers, and in the windows of estate agents.
Then, when setting up home, you need to know how to get water, electricity, gas, telephone and the Internet set up.
Find a house, flat or apartment to rent, and understand what's involved when you come to sign a lease.
Find out about the costs of buying a home including how to make an offer and arrange financing.
Find out how to get power, water and gas turned on and how to get the rubbish removed.
Want to know what the classifieds mean? Find out about common housing terms here.
Looking for an international business opportunity? Why not run an AngloINFO site?
AngloINFO is growing fast and is looking for the right people to take on regional AngloINFO franchises around the world - click here to find out more!
AngloINFO Franchising: Be your own boss - where you want to be!
Do you dream of having your own, profitable, easy-to-operate business? AngloINFO might be the solution!
Now in its fifteenth year of business, AngloINFO is the world's leading network of expat information websites - with over three million monthly visitors from around the world.
We have an established network of 88 local websites in 41 countries with many more in development.
Our 54 local franchisees are the key to our success and come from a huge range of backgrounds, ages and nationalities. The common factor is a passion for success.


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1315 Water St,
British Columbia,
We also offer a variety of classes, workshops, art camps talks and events for people of all ages, while serving the Central Okanagan Valley with a variety of exhibitions throughout the year, primarily showcasing contemporary Canadian artists.
Join us for Family Sundays from 1:00-4:00 pm while we explore a weekly theme with hands-on activities led by friendly artist-instructors. Another popular program is our "Free Admission Thursdays" from 3:00- 9:00 pm!
Click the checkboxes below to display the appropriate item(s) on the map.
Visit the Kelowna Art Gallery on Thursdays between 3:00-9:00 pm & your admission is FREE.
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Faculty Development Workshops & Events are aimed at assisting faculty to learn, develop or advance their knowledge in skills in teaching, scholarship, service, leadership, use of technology in teaching, and other areas of faculty responsibility. Examples of programs include Lunch and Learns, workshops and training, topically focused panel presentations, orientation, or the sharing of faculty expertise.
Upcoming Faculty Development Events:
Welcome Event
Friday, 9/19, 11am to 1:30pm, 7th floor of Glickman Library
This event is intended to welcome faculty to USM, provide a brief and basic introduction to resources related to faculty's teaching, scholarly and service responsibilities; provide new faculty with a chance to network with each other and with colleagues within and across departments and campuses.
Visual Literacy, Concept Mapping, and Visual Representation to teach Critical Thinking
Wednesday, October 15, 2014, 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM
To commemorate the publishing of their edited book, Cases on Teaching Critical Thinking through Visual Representation Strategies, IGI-Global,2014, Professors Beaudry and Shedletsky will offer an online workshop/seminar on visual literacy for faculty throughout the University of Maine System. Attendees will also have the opportunity to hear from several of the authors from the Cases on Teaching book, as they will be participating in the workshops/seminar from a distance. The workshops/seminar will introduce faculty to visual literacy and concept mapping and work collaboratively all winter as faculty develop classroom applications, and then reconvene online April 6th to share insights. All are welcome to register for the webinar but the first 20 to sign up will receive a free license to mapping software and will be active participants
in the seminar.
Title III and StrengthsFinder Information Session
Bring your lunch, enjoy some refreshments, and learn about Title III, Strengths Finder, and the StrenthsQuest Program
October 7th, 12:15-1:45pm
3 locations via POLYCOM. Session is available in Gorham, LAC, & Portland
Have you heard about the Title III Grant at USM, but don't know much about it? Here is your chance to learn a basic overview of the Title III Grant and what it offers us here at USM. One of the key features that is being implemented as through the grant is the adoption of the StrenthsFinder 2.0 assessment to all incoming students. Focusing on student strengths, as opposed to their weaknesses is a key variable to growing student engagement and retention, and a number of faculty and staff have already begun working with this model.
Join Prof. Judy Spross, Dr. Dan Jenkins, and Dr. Heidi Parker as they discuss how using the StrengthsFinder assessment, techniques, and accompanying methods in their classrooms has changed their practices. Find out how you can take advantage of this opportunity yourself, and learn another way to make your work more meaningful and impactful on the lives of your students.
Individuals who attend will be offered a code to take the StrengthsFinder inventory and access to the website and accompanying StrenthQuest materials. This will be the first in a three-part StrengthsFinder training series.
Past Faculty Development Events:
Service Learning Engaged Teaching Series
How can we develop curriculum that allows students to engage with the community in meaningful ways to address social and environmental issues, while meeting academic and civic learning goals?
This faculty-led Engaged Teaching Series provides space for faculty to come together, learn about and share effective service-learning methodologies, explore the key components of successful community-campus partnerships and discuss research potential for this work. Engaged teaching and scholarship has mutual benefits for faculty, students and the community - join us to learn more about how you can utilize these methods in your teaching and in supporting the gaining momentum for this at USM.
Spring 2014 Service-Learning Series Includes:
- Foundations of Service-Learning Pedagogy, Friday, February 27, 2014
- Developing Reciprocal & Sustainable Community Partnerships, Friday, March 7, 2014
- Community Engaged Scholarship, Thursday, April 10, 2014
A Review of MOOC Research - CTEL Speaker Series Event
Monday, May 19th, 1PM to 2:30 PM, 109/110 Abromson Center, USM Portland Campus
In this May CTEL Speaker Series discussion, faculty members Maureen Ebben and Julien Murphy will talk about their recent publication that surveys the first decade of scholarly research about Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). While popular accounts, editorials, and commentary about MOOCS abound, the purpose of this discussion is to cut through the noise to analyze empirical research published in scholarly journals about MOOCs
CTEL Speaker Series: Support in Hand - Mobility, Nudges, and Greater Academic Success
Wednesday, May 7th, 1pm to 2:30pm, 423/424 Glickman, USM Portland Campus
Join guest speaker, Jill Frankfort in a discussion about a strategy for increasing student retention includes time sensitive, interactive, academic support grounded in behavioral science and automated is delivered to students via their mobile devices. She will share lessons learned from work with students in introductory courses at the University of Washington-Tacoma, a campus of 4,300 students, that has wrestled with issues of retention since it opened in 1990.
Cooperative Learning in a Metropolitan University:Why & How
Wednesday, May 7th, 11:00am to 1pm, Faculty Commons Space, Glickman Library
Dewey teaches us that all learning (or the best learning) is social. How do we structure learning experiences that build on that axiom? Join faculty member Christy Hammer as she leads this hands-on workshop merging theory with practice and covering the research that supports Cooperative Learning as an easy-to-implement and effective set of instructional strategies with actual modeling of some of the "best of" cooperative learning techniques. Come prepared to "think hard; play hard" and open to "flexible groups" with your workshop peers, from Think-Pair-Shares to Jigsaw small groups!
Open Badges: Re-imagining Credentials for the Digital Age
Wednesday, April 30th, 1pm to 2:30pm, 215 Abromson Center, USM Portland Campus
Open Badges are a new way to think about recognizing and connecting learning and skill development. Digital, information-based, and stackable badges are becoming a new currency for skills, identity, and jobs. In this presentation, Erin Knight, Executive Director of Badge Alliance, will explore the state of the work so far, with examples of where badging is being successfully used across the ecosystem, as well as opportunities for higher education institutions to leverage badging within their own systems for their own benefit.
CTEL Video Workshop Series: Creating Video Content for Blended and Online Course
Four Fridays, noon to 1:00pm, 3/7, 3/14,3/21, & 4/11
CTEL Learning Designers Pieter Tryzelaar and Rucha Modak will lead a four-part series of workshops on creating video content for blended and online courses.
CTEL Workshop - Online Testing: Informational workshop on online assessment options led by CTEL and The Office of Academic Assessment
The Office of Academic Assessment and the CTEL are offering informational workshops regarding Online Assessment options on the Portland and Gorham campuses in February and March 2014.
Learning Communities & Retention - The Vital Role USM Faculty Can Play
Friday, March 21, 9am to 1pm, 214/215 Abromson Center, USM Portland Campus
Join faculty and students from USM Learning Communities for lively discussions.
Changes in the First-Year Writing Courses
Wednesday, March 12, 11:00am to 12:30, Faculty Commons Space, Glickman Library
Updates from the English Department - presentation and discussion led by faculty member Ann Dean - This session will present the new college writing course in the context of research on college students' reading and writing across the country.
We're Flipping Crazy: The Chemistry Flipped Classroom Experience CTEL Speaker Series faculty presentation with Lucille Benedict and Jim Ford
Tuesday, February 25th,1pm to 2:30pm, 110 Abromson Center, Portland Campus
Lucille Benedict and Jim Ford, Associate Professors in Chemistry, will present the new classroom model that is being used in the Principles of Chemistry I (CHY 113) course here at USM. In this talk they will focus on the successes, challenges, and the future of the course, as well as explain how this model could be implemented in other courses at USM.
Monday, February 24th ,3 to 4pm, 214/215 Abromson Center, Portland Campus
Dr. Keeling, a principal of Keeling & Associates, will talk about student affairs and academic affairs collaboration in support of student success.
Research Skills Toolbox with Bill Grubb
Tuesday, February 11th ,11:00am to 1:00pm, Faculty Commons Space, Glickman Family Library
The Research Skills Toolbox was conceived as a way to provide library instruction when there is a perceived need but devoting class time to it is just not practical; it is designed to be flexible in meeting the needs of faculty and students. At this session, we'll introduce you to our Research Skills Toolbox, explain how we envision it being used, and listen to your input on how we can improve it.
Panel Discussion - Retirement: A New Beginning
Monday, February 10th ,9am to 10:30am, Wischamper 211, Portland Campus
CTEL Accessibility Series
The Spring 2014 CTEL Accessibility Series is designed to guide faculty in adopting foundational practices that result in accessible digital learning experiences for USM students, including learners with disabilities. Topics include basic characteristics of disabilities; resources and assistance provided for both students and faculty by USM's Disability Services Center; practical considerations when developing courses; steps for ensuring accessibility of course readings and educational materials; and features of Blackboard that maximize use and engagement by all students.
This series is led by USM Faculty members Cynthia Curry and Julie Alexandrin and USM's Director of Disability Services Center Joanne Benica.
Spring 2014 Accessibility Series events include:
- USM's Obligation to Our Students with Disabilities: The Role of Collaboration Between Faculty and the Disability Services Center – Thursday, 1/30
- The First Steps to Successful Online Teaching for Students with Disabilities – Thursday, 2/6
- Syllabus Inventory: Are Your Digital Text Readings Accessible for Students with Disabilities? – Thursday, 2/27
- Blackboard for Diverse Learning Experiences – Thursday, 3/6
Peril & Promise in a New Age
Friday, January 31st, 8:30am to 10:45am, 7th Floor, Glickman Family Library
Presentation & discussion on the challenges in higher education with Professors George Mehaffy and Rich Dunfee. How are other universities, especially public regional comprehensive universities approaching these challenges? What are the characteristics of universities who are thriving? Read Professor Mehaffy's article, review USM's Directions Package website for updates, and come for a robust conversation about challenges and possibilities as we consider and imagine what USM will look like a decade from now. This event is open to all USM faculty, staff and administrators.
Grant Writing - How to Succeed in Grant Writing
USM's Office of Research Administration and Development & Faculty Commons is offering a faculty professional development workshop in grant writing for tenure-track and tenured faculty at USM. The workshop is comprised of four, 3-hour sessions, held on four Friday mornings during the spring 2014 semester from 9am to Noon in the Faculty Commons 3rd floor space of the Glickman Family Library on the USM Portland Campus. Session dates: 1/24, 2/28, 3/28 & 5/2
Using Electronic Notes for Academic Advising
Thursday, December 12th, 11:00am to 12:30, 109/110 Abromson Center, Portland Campus
The University of Maine system recently unveiled "Advising Notes," a new tool on Mainestreet to assist in academic advising. In this workshop, open to faculty and staff, you will be guided through the process of utilizing this tool to make your life easier!
The Future of Honors at USM -- What's your vision?
Friday, November 22nd ,12:00 – 3:00pm, Honors Center, 253 Luther Bonney, USM Portland Campus
As part of its self-study process, the Honors Program wants to hear your ideas on how it should evolve. We'll start with a light lunch, during which the current program will be described. Afterward, you'll engage in an interactive planning exercise in which you 'vote' for features you want to see added or (de)emphasized in future. We'll end with an open discussion.
Trans Inclusive and Trans Literate: A Faculty Conversation
Wednesday, November 20th, Event begins at 4:15, Abromson Center, USM Portland Campus
USM students tell us that we need to be more trans literate and trans inclusive in our classrooms and our curriculum. This will be a panel conversation on cisgender, transgender, and gender queer. If any of those terms are unclear to you, this conversation is for you. If all of those terms are very familiar to you, this conversation is for you. Come share your experiences with - and questions about - how to make the USM classroom more trans literate and trans inclusive.
Russell Scholars Informational Luncheon for Prospective Faculty
Wednesday, November 13th, 12:00 Noon - 2pm, Faculty Dining Room, Brooks Student Center, Gorham Campus
USM faculty (current and retired) and professional staff are cordially invited to attend an informal luncheon to learn about teaching opportunities in the Russell Scholars Program (RSP).
Join us for a light buffet; meet some RSP faculty and students; and learn how, since 1996, USM's internationally recognized residential learning community has attracted 25% of its students from out-of-state and maintained a retention rate of 85%.
The Meinersmann-Randall Transformed Model of Nursing Education
Wednesday, November 6th, 1pm to 2:30pm, Room 213 Abromson Center
Join Dr. Krista Meinersmann and Dr. Carla Randall as they share their transformed model of nursing education addressing critical issues and concerns facing nursing education today. The M-R TMNE relies on the use of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), prior learning assessment, comprehensive testing, the flipped classroom methodology, and extensive simulation and clinical-based hands-on learning.
USM Research Administration & Development Faculty Seminar: How Develop & Nurture a Research Cluster
Friday, 11/1
The seminar is part of the University's Office of Research Administration and Development's Research Cluster Development Initiative to bolster and expand scholarship and innovative high-impact multi-disciplinary research across college lines to bring knowledge to bear on issues of intellectual, scientific, social, economic, environmental and cultural importance and to work more effectively with the private sector, other institutions and the community.
Using Research About Online Learning to Inform Online Teaching Practice
Wednesday, October 23rd, 1pm to 2:30pm, 301 Bailey Hall, Gorham Campus
Faculty members Rachel Brown and Walter Kimball share online learning research findings and the resulting teaching practices that have had staying power in their online courses. Special emphasis will be placed on synchronizing varied elements of the online learning environment, the organization of course content, and teacher presence.
Teaching Naked Workshop with Jose Bowen
Wednesday, 10/16, 8:00am to 1:00pm, 7th floor of Glickman Library
Explore how moving technology out of your classroom can improve student learning. Presentation followed by hands-on workshop.
USM's Scoop on MOOCs
Wednesday, 10/9, 12:00-1:30pm
Join us for a faculty panel discussion on massively open online courses (MOOCs) facilitated by Joyce Lapping. Panelists include Dr. Jim Suleiman, Dr Krista Meinersmann and Dr. Betty Robinson. The panel represents a variety of perspectives and experiences with MOOCs.
Things We Wish That We Knew When We Went On-line For the First Time
Wednesday, September 18th, 1:00pm to 2:30pm, Abromson Center
Thinking about developing an on-line course? Wondering what you should know as you consider embarking down this path? A panel of four people, two who have created multiple on-line courses, two who have just finished creating their first, will discuss what they wished they knew from the get-go. This faculty panel discussion will be facilitated by Rob Sanford. Panel discussion participants also include: John Broida, Betty Robinson, & Libby Biischof.
Welcome Event
Friday, 9/20, 9am to 11am, 7th floor of Glickman Library
This event is intended to welcome faculty to USM, provide a brief and basic introduction to resources related to faculty's teaching, scholarly and service responsibilities; provide new faculty with a chance to network with each other and with colleagues within and across departments and campuses.
Integrating Special Collections Into Your Course
Thursday, 9/26, 4:30 to 6:00pm, 7th floor of Glickman Library
Through discussion with faculty who have used Special Collection resources in their classes and a presentation on accessing Special Collections resources by the head of the department, Susie R. Bock, faculty will acquire the tools to build their own active learning exercises for their classes.
Presentation and Open Symposia
Cathy Trower, PhD
USM Women ADVANCE Initiative Grant Speaker Presentation
Thursday 9/26, 2:00-3:00pm
Cathy Trower, Ph.D., is the Senior Research Associate and Research Director for Collaborative On Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE)at Harvard University, Graduate School of Education. Cathy Trower joins us through the Southern Maine ADVANCE IT Catalyst project.
USM Research Administration & Development Faculty Seminar: How to Commercialize an Invention & Discovery
Friday, 10/4
In this introductory seminar on commercialization, Kris Burton will walk through the process of moving technology out of the University and into the world and share some of her experiences of helping faculty, staff and students commercializing their work. As part of the university's Office of Research Administration and Development Commercialization Gap Funding Initiative, which seeks to accelerate the commercialization of viable concepts, inventions and products while promoting a university-wide spirit and understanding of entrepreneurship, this seminar is open to all USM faculty, students, and staff from all colleges who are interested in knowing how to commercialize their discoveries and inventions and the available resources to accomplish this effort.
Share your ideas for topics, workshops, & activities.
Faculty Commons is a collaborative initiative. We welcome USM community suggestions on topics, presenters, and projects.


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Social Studies
Teaching ideas based on New York Times content.
This month we're experimenting with a new format in which we feature a multimedia project on NYTimes.com and provide questions and activity ideas for teaching and learning with it. Today, our third such experiment, uses an audio slide show feature. Please also check out the other two, on an interactive map and a photo slide show.
Before Viewing
Write the following statement on the board: "If newspapers printed articles by teenagers about _____, the world would understand what it is really like." When students enter, tell them to open their journals and fill in the blank in the sentence on the board, and then briefly explain why they think the world needs to hear from teenagers about this issue, phenomenon, experience, etc. After a few minutes, invite students to share what they wrote, and hold a discussion about the challenges, rewards and implications of sharing personal truths honestly and openly. Read more…


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Everything About You - Music Videos
Press the button below if you liked this video! Thank you! =D
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Product Recall: We are voluntarily recalling fewer than 8,000 cases of regular Kraft American Singles Pasteurized Prepared Cheese Productlimited to 4 SKUs on two "Best When Used By" dates of February 20, 2015 and February 21, 2015. Click Here.
HEAT oven to 350°F. Cook macaroni as directed on package. Meanwhile, cook chicken in large nonstick skillet sprayed with cooking spray 5 to 7 min. or until done, stirring frequently.
DRAIN macaroni. Add to chicken in skillet along with remaining ingredients; mix well. Spoon into 13x9-inch baking dish sprayed with cooking spray.
BAKE 20 min. or until heated through. Stir before serving.


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Dale Lowrimore
Serving the Lord in San Diego, CA
Dale Lowrimore currently serves as a Chaplain for both the San Diego Police Department and the San Diego Sheriff's Department, as well as a lay Pastor with Horizon Christian Fellowship of San Diego. He has been associated with Horizon for 24 years and served as an Assistant Pastor for 18 of those years with Pastor Mike MacIntosh. During that time, he earned a Bachelor's Degree in Theology and a Master's Degree in Law Enforcement Chaplaincy.
Contact Info:
Horizon Christian Fellowship
Horizon Christian Fellowship
P.O. Box 17480
San Diego, CA 92177
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Financial Info:
Christians in Government
Christians in Government
24143 Del Amo Road
Ramona, CA 92065


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Almost every web application has more than one page. And more often that not, you want to apply a consistent theme or layout across all those pages (or perhaps distinct layouts for each subset of pages). In the very beginning a common approach was to write JSPs like this:
<jsp:include page="/nav/header.jsp"/> ... <jsp:include page="/nav/context.jsp"/> My page content here <jsp:include page="/nav/footer.jsp" />
This worked reasonably well for simple cases, but runs into problems. It's also easy to screw up the formatting by not including the JSPs at exactly the right point. Or maybe, because you wanted to insert scripts or styles into the HTML  you ended up having each JSP define the  and open and close the  etc. The more you do the easier it is to become inconsistent. Not to mention that you have to change every page in the site if you want to change your layout (C-Clamp looking a little dated?). And that it's now virtually impossible to have pages render in different layouts without modifying the page.
I'm not going to pretend this problem hasn't been solved. It has. Tools exist like Tiles and Sitemesh. But I don't think it's been solved in a way that is ridiculously easy to use! Tiles, while very full featured, is monstrously complex for how 99% of people use it. I like Sitemesh a lot, and it provides some things that Stripes' layout tags (which we'll get to in a second) don't. But it requires some XML config, and it requires another library etc. etc. So Stripes provides a very simple solution to the problem, that is quite powerful. If it meets your needs I'd recommend you use it. If not, take a look at Sitemesh.
Basic layouts with the Stripes Layout Tags
Stripes includes three simple tags for creating and using layouts. They are:
- <stripes:layout-definition>: defines a re-usable layout
- <stripes:layout-component>: defines a component within a layout
- <stripes:layout-render>: renders a layout within a page
Stripes uses JSPs to both define and render the layouts. The following is an example of a really simple layout, with a consistent header and footer, using the Stripes layout tags:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@ taglib prefix="stripes" uri="http://stripes.sourceforge.net/stripes.tld" %> <stripes:layout-definition>   <title>Layout Example</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" xhref="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/default.css"/> <stripes:layout-component name="html_head"/>   <stripes:layout-component name="header"> <jsp:include page="/layout/_header.jsp"/> </stripes:layout-component>
 <stripes:layout-component name="contents"/>
 <stripes:layout-component name="footer"> <jsp:include page="/layout/_footer.jsp"/> </stripes:layout-component>   </stripes:layout-definition>
When this layout is rendered the following things happen:
- Content outside of the <stripes:layout-definition> is blithely ignored
- Any content inside the <stripes:layout-definition> but outside of a <stripes:layout-component> is always rendered
- When a <stripes:layout-component> is encountered its body is rendered unless it has been overridden, in which case the overridden value is rendered instead
Let's take a look at a Hello World page that uses this layout.
<%@ taglib prefix="stripes" uri="http://stripes.sourceforge.net/stripes.tld" %> <stripes:layout-render name="/layout/default.jsp"> <stripes:layout-component name="contents"> Hello World! </stripes:layout-component> </stripes:layout-render>
Notice how the "name" of the layout is simply the path to the JSP that defines the layout. In this example we use a <stripes:layout-component> tag again, but this time to override the value of the "pageContent" component of the layout. Any number of components in the layout can be overridden. In the example layout above there is a component called "html_head". A page can override that component, not to replace the html head in the layout, but to contribute to it (perhaps to add a