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This instructable describes how to make a torch, and also how to breathe fire. All the materials needed should cost under 20$. Its also safer then you might imagine for a few reasons, the first is that kerosene (The liquid used to breathe fire) has a high flash point, meaning its not an extremely flammable liquid, I have put matches out in cups of kerosene. It ignites because you make it into a mist (aspirating) when you spray it from your mouth. Another reason is as long as there is sufficient pressure the flames will stay a safe distance from your face.
With that being said it is still a dangerous project and should only be attempted if you consider yourself responsible enough to follow the directions exactly. I have confidence that as long as you follow my directions you will not be burned, so thats my disclaimer if you dont follow the rules don't blame me.
Now with all the boring stuff aside, get ready to impress your friends and family at your next summer bbq. It never gets old hearing people say how crazy you are.
Step 1: Parts List
1. Kerosene a.k.a. paraffin oil, make sure it is high quality with nothing added. (I bought mine in this big jug at sears hardware for about 6$)
2. 4' long 1" diameter wooden dowel or (2) 2' long metal pipes with similar or smaller diameter (Note: If using the metal pipes the following materials are not necessary: aluminum foil, nails, hammer, saw, or tin can)
3. Aluminum foil
4. Hammer with 5 or 6 nails about an inch long
5. Metal can of some kind( A soup can works, but a coffee can is better because it is longer and will protect the dowel better
6. Kevlar wick about 2" wide (Can be bought on e-bay for a few dollars a foot, just search for "kevlar fire poi"). You will need about 2-3 feet per torch, I have also heard that cloth belts can be used instead of the kevlar, but I have never tried this method.
7. Plastic water bottle
8. Small funnel
9. Tin snips or heavy duty scissors capable of cutting a coffee can
10. A wood saw
11. Ruler
12. A wet towel, bucket of water, and fire extinguisher are also a good idea (not just one but all three)
100% Non-Toxic, and impossible to backfeed into your lungs seeing as the oil puts off no vapors, and best of all if this stuff is on your skin and you tried to light it, it would not even catch fire :D
I use Canola Instead, it work fine so long as you heat it up to thin it out a little before you try it... Good to see someone else is on the same mindset tough... XD
seriously, use paraffin.
Im not usually one to talk about irresponsibility
parafin can be found at any walmart or hardware store. it is called lamp oil and is used for tiki torches. Paraffin is used for its low flash point, and it is for the most part odorless and not terrible tasting, you really want to stay away from anything else. And Jesus, please read all the precautions first. Practice with water first, it sounds dumb but DO IT. The most important factor is when you blow the flame and then close your mouth when you reopen your mouth you need to blow out again incase the fire has been trapped in your mouth waiting for oxygen. If you were to inhale, the flame would fill your lungs and we can only hope after that. Try not to wear any synthetic material when attempting, I have seen peoples clothing melt onto their body. Just as you would not piss into the wind, do not blow into the wind. And always have a towel that has been soaked in water and wipe your face in between blows, the liquid likes to dribble down your chin, and a little goes a long way. Start off small, do not rush it, you dont need a whole mouth full. If you really must breathe fire, research it first. There is plenty of info on Wiki and other sites that will give you correct info and they all agree. USE PARAFFIN. lord Im getting old


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On Tuesday, Feb. 5, 2013, a former Minden/Tallulah resident, Steven Whitney Carson, passed away after a brief illness at Cornerstone Hospital in Sulphur. Steve was born on May 13, 1949, in Shreveport. After graduating from Minden High School in 1967, he received a BS Degree from Northeast Louisiana University in Monroe. He was an avid golfer and an LSU fan and worked as an environmental technician for Entech of Lafayette.
Steve was preceded in death by his father, Robert E. Carson of Monroe. He is survived by his loving wife of 29 years, Alice Carson of Sulphur; his mother, Margaret Carson of Hideaway, Texas; his son, Brad Smith and wife, Erin of Delhi; his sister, Cathy Cameron of Hideaway, Texas; and three grandchildren, Conley Smith of Tallulah and Carson Smith and Landry Smith of Delhi; and numerous nieces and nephews.
Friends may visit with the family in a celebration of Steve's life on Saturday, Feb. 10, 2013 from 2 until 4 p.m. in the meeting room at Poverty Point State Park in Delhi.
In lieu of flowers, a donation may be made to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital or Special Olympics. Words of comfort may be shared with the family at www.robisonfuneralhome.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
10 U.S. Code § 5413, 5414 - Repealed.
Section 5413, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 299, related to authorized strengths of Naval Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve. See section 12001 (a) of this title.
Section 5414, added Pub. L. 85–861, § 1(110)(A),Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1490; amended Pub. L. 86–559, § 1(33), (34),June 30, 1960, 74 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, § 513(8)(B),Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2931; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title XI, § 1131(8)(A),Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1506, related to authorized strength of Naval Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve in officers in active status in grades above chief warrant officer, W–5. See section 12003 of this title.
Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 ofPub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of this title.
The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 3, 2012, for this section. Updates to a broader range of sections may be found at the update page for containing chapter, title, etc.
The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Tuesday, August 13, 2013
An empty table indicates that we see no relevant changes listed in the classification tables. If you suspect that our system may be missing something, please double-check with the Office of the Law Revision Counsel.
|Description of Change
|Session Year
|Public Law
|Statutes at Large
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
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- Relaxed fit
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Nostradamus: Beyond the Prophecies
He is reputed to have predicted World War II, the Asian tsunami and September 11, but who was Michel de Nostredame, or Nostradamus as he is more commonly known? This documentary tells the story of the myterious sage whose predictions have echoed through the centuries - from his passion for science and training as a physician to the tragic deaths of his wife and two children. His final prediction, issued in 1566 was that he would die in the night. He was right but 500 years on, his work and his visions have a continuing influence on the world.


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Billionaire Steve Cohen Bought This Stock Recently
Meena is a member of The Motley Fool Blog Network -- entries represent the personal opinion of the blogger and are not formally edited.
SAC Capital Advisors, which is managed by billionaire Steve Cohen, has filed a 13G with the SEC to declare that, as of Oct. 2, its family of funds owned a total of 7.9 million shares of Superior Energy Services (NYSE: SPN). This comes out to 5% of the company's shares outstanding, thus triggering the public filing. Our database of 13F filings shows that SAC owned 1.1 million shares of the company at the beginning of the third quarter of the year, so the fund's position represents a significant increase over the last three months (see more stock picks from billionaire Steve Cohen). Superior Energy Services is a specialized equipment company serving oil and gas customers in areas such as drilling products and well enhancement, with most of its revenue coming from onshore operations.
Superior's business has grown substantially from a year ago, but much of these gains have come from the acquisition and integration of Complete Production Services, a transaction which closed in the first quarter of 2012. Over the next five years, analyst estimates are for a 20% annual growth rate in EPS. This growth rate is impressive when considering that Superior trades at a trailing P/E of 8. Taking analyst expectations into account, the forward P/E is 7 and the five-year PEG ratio is 7. At a $3 billion market cap, the stock may be a bit under the radar for many investors to notice, but it will have to substantially disappoint the street--and see a drop in earnings--to even prove fairly valued. Given the level of drilling activity in North America, we would at least expect it to hold its business steady; this would imply that the stock could be a good value.
Other hedge funds have reported positions in Superior Energy Services as well. At the end of the second quarter, Glenn Dubin's Highbridge Capital Management owned 4.9 million shares of the company, giving it a stake worth about $100 million. Highbridge has a total of about $29 billion under management and the fund is majority owned by JPMorgan Chase (find more stocks that Highbridge has $100 million invested in). Nierenberg Investment Management increased the size of its position by 62% between April and June to a total of 1.2 million shares; Nierenberg is a small fund and only owns a few stocks, so its Superior holding was about 10% of its 13F portfolio (research other stocks Nierenberg liked).
We avoided companies focused on drilling in favor of companies that provide equipment (and, in some cases, services) to drillers and came up with a peer group consisting of Baker Hughes (NYSE: BHI), RPC (NYSE: RES), Oil States International (NYSE: OIS), and Forum Energy Technologies (NYSE: FET) to include at least one company which concentrates on offshore. These peers tend to trade higher than Superior on an earnings basis: RPC has the lowest trailing P/E of the lot at 9, with the rest clustering between 10 and 11. RPC's future prospects don't look particularly strong, with its earnings about flat last quarter compared to a year ago and a forward P/E multiple of 12. We think that we'd rather own Superior.
However, the other three peers all saw strong earnings growth in their most recent quarter versus the same period in the previous year, as would be expected given the boom in drilling activity in the U.S. Still, Baker Hughes and Forum trade at 11 times forward earnings estimates, meaning that their degree of outperformance would have to substantially trump Superior's in order for those companies to be good values. It's hard for us to see them as better values either. Finally, Oil States International carries trailing and forward P/Es of 10 and 9, respectively, in addition to its strong recent growth. The company, which has a notable temporary accommodations business that is responsible for about half of its gross margin, could be another interesting way to play a continued high level of drilling activity.
We think SAC has made a good choice here. Superior looks cheap, including relative to its peers, and is in a good business. Oil States International also looks strong, and investors should pick through their mix of segments to determine which is more attractive.
This article is written by Matt Doiron and edited by Meena Krishnamsetty. They don't own shares in any of the stocks mentioned in this article. The Motley Fool has no positions in the stocks mentioned above. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.If you have questions about this post or the Fool's blog network, click here for information.


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End of the Beginning
While MURS has a thick catalog of solo material, most only know him for his Living Legends work since his past solo stuff has nearly no promotion or distribution. Nevertheless, he has an intense following and his debut on Def Jux is met with great anticipation. Don't expect that unmistakable Def Jux sound though, El-P's fingerprints are there on a few tracks but MURS brings a new sound to the table. The lead-single, "God's Work," is a brutally honest song about life with a 9 to 5 and it acts as prelude to the truth found in all MURS' rhymes. He shines the brightest when he questions today's youth on "Brotherly Love." "I seen this kid the other day with 'murder' written on his shirt and never been to a funeral/now am I out of touch if I say its unusual?/This dude will sing a love ballad to his homeboys before a young lady/now ain't that crazy?/If you didn't love that bitch why'd you make her keep your baby?/oh abortions not right but just the other night you was a killa pullin' triggas before you have a fair fight."
MURS sounds off on his relationship with the industry and his fans on "You and I," all the while tearing the beat up with an up-tempo flow. Not one to do any thug posturing, MURS tells the story of his hood as a warning, not a celebration on the lovely "Last Night." There are countless other tales that anyone can relate to; "Please Leave" (unwanted houseguests), "Transitionz As A Ridah" (ode to skateboarding) "Risky Business" (party gone wrong featuring Shock G and Humpty Hump!), and "B.T.S." (inability to save money).
From start to finish MURS rips the mic with a fury, none more than on "Got Damned?" where he vents like a motherfucker to incredible results. Aside from a couple spots, the production holds his weight and then some. Ant (of Atmosphere) blesses him with a beat guaranteed to put a smile on your face on "18 w/ a Bullet," and MURS spits touching optimism that is just too rare in hip-hop.
It really doesn't matter what kind of music you listen to, MURS is for everybody. He brings a harsh honesty and sense of humor to his so-called sitcom rap ("taking everyday life and making it entertaining") that anyone can relate to. ...The End of The Beginning is also the most accessible Def Jux album yet with dope beats that will appeal to all comers. MURS not only brings the best album of the new year, he does it his own way. Yet another classic from the Def Jukies.
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Lacoste Amphill Leather Mens Chukka Boots
The Lacoste Ampthill boots are presented in a clean, mid-high silhouette and ooze classic minimalist design.
Constructed from elegant leather, the four-eyelet fastening and flat sport laces offer a simple style, whilst the rubber outsole delivers a sporting base. Signature branding is included with contrast lettering to the tongue and heel, alongside the trademark crocodile embroidered to the side.
This is classic smart-casual footwear that takes you right through the season. Effortlessly stylish, these Lacoste boots are the perfect compliment to chinos and a polo shirt.
Useful info:
- Mens boots by Lacoste
- Ampthill
- In white
- Leather upper
- Flat sport laces
- 4-eyelet fastening
- Contrast lettering to tongue and heel
- Embroidered crocodile to side
Diesel Exposure Mens Hi Top Shoes
- In Stock
0 review
- Delivery
Diesel Exposure Hi Top Mens Plimsolls
Raise your profile with the Exposure plimsolls by Diesel. In a classic hi top silhouette, they're a confident choice this season.
Inspired by the timeless cool of denim, these rock n' roll kicks are presented in a white textile with coin pocket detail to the side. The cream toecap is moulded to the outsole for a unique, durable style, whilst the full lace fastening secures the classic sneaker aesthetic. A distinctly Italian take on vintage Americana, the Exposure plimsolls are finished with a red trim, rear loop and stud detail to the side.
A collision of continental cool and stateside style, team these sexy sneaks with Diesel jeans and a printed tee to ramp up your retro.
Useful info:
- Mens plimsolls by Diesel
- Exposure
- Denim-inspired
- Hi top
- White
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- Lace fastening
- Pocket detail to side
- Loop to rear
Superdry Super Series Hi Top Boots
- In Stock
1 review
- Delivery
- Next day delivery available
Superdry Super Series Hi Top Mens Plimsolls
Bringing vintage b-ball style right into the 21st century, Superdry presents the Super Series plimsolls in a classic hi top silhouette.
In an ice-white colourway, they're treated to a cream toecap and outsole for a retro-inspired aesthetic. The bold Optic lining is proudly revealed when you fold over the ankle collar, whilst the colourful woven tabs to the tongue and heel provide the signature branding we've come to expect from Superdry. An iconic shape is given a dedicated rework to slot effortlessly into your modern street looks this season.
Team the Super Series plimsolls with jeans and a Superdry T-shirt to showcase your dedication to fresh fashion.
Useful info:
- Mens plimsolls by Superdry
- Super Series
- Hi top
- Optic colourway
- Lace fastening
- Branding to tongue
- Trim to outsole


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LAS VEGAS (AP) - A hospital spokeswoman says Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid is in good condition after an apparent rear-end crash on an interstate through Las Vegas.
University Medical Center spokeswoman Karen Gordon told the Las Vegas Review-Journal his updated condition, but declined to provide specifics on injuries.
Nevada Highway Patrol spokesman Jeremie Elliott says six cars were involved in the chain reaction crash about 1:10 p.m. Friday on Interstate 15.
They include two police vehicles, two civilian vehicles, and two Capitol police vehicles.
The freeway runs parallel to the Las Vegas Strip. It's not clear whether there were any other injuries.
LAS VEGAS (AP) - Troopers say Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid has been taken to the hospital after what appears to be a rear-end crash on an interstate through Las Vegas.
Nevada Highway Patrol Office spokesman Jeremie Elliott says he doesn't know Reid's condition after the crash, which happened about 1:10 p.m. Friday on Interstate 15.
The freeway runs parallel to the Las Vegas Strip.
Elliott says six vehicles were involved in the apparent chain-reaction crash, including two Las Vegas police vehicles, two civilian vehicle and two Capitol Police vehicles.
Elliott says four tow trucks were summoned. It's not clear whether anyone else was injured.
(Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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Charcoal Crete Wool Rug 1 1
Not charcoal I just received this rug and it is not at all charcoal in color. It is completely light brown and beige. It is going back to the store. I just hope I don't have to pay to have it shipped back. June 19, 2013
1-1 of 1
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RubiconDouble Dragon Publishing 2006; US$ 5.99
On the desolate and dark side of the galaxy a special team of future warriors train in old Earth style towns for their mission to destroy a bizarre apocalyptic alien race. Perry, a leader and super warrior of the mission discovers that life on his home planet Rubicon and its nearby controlling Overlord planet Irene hide secrets more perilous than the... more...
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The Bolt Cluster is an area of close-knit stars that harbors a curious planet and deadly secret. Starships which enter the cluster never return. An alien enigma there has cost Wannstead Industries so many lives and ships that they finally decide to turn it over to the US Space Navy and its futuristic contingent of roughneck Marines. Captain Keane leads... more...
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The debate over the health care system in America has become a hot button issue with the Supreme Court's review of the affordable care bill, aka "Obamacare."
Although a decision is not expected until June, controversy and media coverage have already surrounded the debate and its potential consequences.
There are, of course, other medical-related issues in the news outside of the health care bill: USA Today recently reported that health care statistics allow local governments to tailor preventative care measures to their communities' health needs in order to decrease costs.
Despite the changes that health care in the United States may be undergoing, there is one area which can still benefit from improvement: organ donation.
April is National Donate Life Month, the time when we should all ask ourselves, "Why am I not an organ donor?"
College students are known for their dedication to community service, as over a quarter of all college students volunteer in some capacity.
But a 2005 study revealed that only 11% of college students are registered to be organ donors.
If we as a young student population are so dedicated to helping others, why not commit to help others in the most selfless and beneficial way possible – by saving someone else's life?
There are a lot of myths about organ donation floating around, so let's get a few facts straight first:
• Currently more than 113,000 people are waiting for organs in the United States, and a new name is added to that list every ten minutes.
• About 79 people receive organ transplants daily, but 18 people die every day while waiting for organs to become available.
• A single donor can save the lives of up to eight people through organ donation and enhance many others through tissue and cornea donation.
How's that for helping others?
Despite organ donation's obvious benefits, however, only about 38% of Americans are registered donors. And college students are often considered prime organ donation candidates – we're young, healthy and, unfortunately, more prone to accidents.
With the severe shortage of organs, imagine how much good we could do if all college students registered.
There's no real reason not to register to donate: Anyone can register to be a donor, and there's no cost to you or your family.
Other common myths, such as doctors not working as hard to save your life or not being able to donate for religious grounds, are also untrue, as transplant doctors work separately from those in the emergency room and most major religions support organ donation as an act of love and kindness.
Registering as a donor is easy to do, too – you can list yourself as an organ donor on your driver's license, in addition to telling your family of your decision and signing up in your state's registry.
Statistically, every one of us will be affected by organ donation, either by needing an organ ourselves or knowing someone who needs an organ transplant.
If we as college students want to make a difference in someone else's life, what better way to do so than to become an organ donor? As you suffer through your allergies and final exams this April, consider making the best out of National Donate Life Month and becoming an organ donor.
Eight people will be forever grateful.


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text:
Series starts 1/20
|Game 1: Friday, January 20th
|Recap »Boxscore »
|Game 2: Wednesday, March 28th
|Recap »Boxscore »
|Game 3: Wednesday, April 18th
|Recap »Boxscore »
Coverage: NBATV
10:00 PM ET, March 28, 2012
Sleep Train Arena, Sacramento, CA
Top Performers
San Antonio: K. Leonard 19 Pts, 9 Reb, 2 Ast, 2 Stl
Sacramento: I. Thomas 28 Pts, 4 Reb, 10 Ast, 1 Stl
SACRAMENTO, Calif. -- Manu Ginobili talked about wanting to find his rhythm after helping the San Antonio Spurs win yet another road game.
However, Ginobili certainly resembled the slashing high-scorer he has been throughout his nine seasons with San Antonio. Coming off the bench, he scored 20 points in 25 minutes, and the Spurs beat the Sacramento Kings 117-112 on Wednesday night for their sixth straight victory.
Ginobili hit some key baskets in the fourth quarter when the deep and talented Spurs pulled away for their ninth victory in 10 games.
Ginobili has been playing well of late but said he's still trying to fine-tune his game during a season in which several injuries forced him to miss 29 games.
"I'm still trying to get in a rhythm," said Ginobili, who hit three 3-pointers and was 8-of-12 overall. "I'm getting there; it's been much better the past 10 days. I'm not at my best, but I'm letting it come to me. I'm trying to be more of a creator than a finisher."
Spurs center Tim Duncan said the team is the deepest in his 14 seasons with the Spurs. That was evident against the Kings, whose backups were outscored 55-20 by the San Antonio reserves. Rookie Kawhi Leonard was the only San Antonio player to go more than 30 minutes, which was important because coach Gregg Popovich's team was playing its fifth game in six nights. And the Spurs won all five games.
"Pop doesn't allow us to look for excuses," Duncan said. "He's doing a good job of keeping everyone fresh. He takes a lot of those excuses away."
The Spurs continue to thrive on the road. Since starting the season losing eight of 10, the Spurs have been difficult to beat away from home. The victory was their 13th in 15 games and their seventh consecutive victory overall in Sacramento. San Antonio has defeated the Kings in 13 of 14 games.
Leonard had 19 points, Duncan added 18 points and eight rebounds, Gary Neal scored 13 points, and Tony Parker had 10 points, 10 assists and seven rebounds.
The Spurs shot 54 percent overall but were especially effective in the final two quarters when they shot 66 percent and scored 64 points.
"They play like a championship team. They play together, and they look like they love playing together," Kings rookie point guard Isaiah Thomas said. "That's a team we need to look up to because they are very solid in every area."
Thomas scored a career-high 28 points and had 10 assists for Sacramento. DeMarcus Cousins had 25 points and 11 rebounds, Marcus Thornton added 18 points, and Jason Thompson had 15. The Kings have lost four straight.
"You have to play perfect against this team," Kings coach Keith Smart said. "You need a perfect effort from pretty much all of our guys who played tonight."
Ginobili, who had his fifth 20-plus-point game this season, hit a 3-pointer and came back quickly with a three-point play to put the Spurs in front 113-103 with 37 seconds left to play.
Sharing the ball and running their offense precisely, the Spurs managed to maintain the lead throughout the fourth quarter. Stephen Jackson made a fast-break layup off a pass from Parker, and Neal followed with a baseline drive, giving San Antonio a 103-96 lead at the 3:47 mark.
"We didn't have this kind of depth last year," Popovich said. "Our young players allow us not to overplay our veterans like Timmy and Tony. But down the stretch tonight, I thought our experience really showed."
Neal made a 3-pointer and followed with consecutive baskets early in the fourth quarter, and Leonard's corner 3 put San Antonio ahead 93-86 with just less than 9 minutes remaining.
The Spurs shot 70 percent (13-of-20) in the third quarter, yet still were outscored 29-28 by the Kings. Duncan had eight points in the third to help the Spurs take an 81-78 lead.
Game notes
Kings reserve John Salmons missed the game because of a sore right hip. ... Signed on Tuesday and playing in his second game with San Antonio, Patty Mills made his first basket as a Spur, hitting a 3-pointer in the second quarter, in which he scored seven points. ... Thornton was hit in the head during a wild scramble for the ball in the closing seconds of the third quarter. He was tested for a concussion and was back on the court midway through the fourth quarter.
Photo Wire
SACRAMENTO, CA - MARCH 28: Boris Diaw #33 of the San Antonio Spurs takes the ball to the basket against the...(Photo by Noah Graham/NBAE via Getty Images)
Team Stat Comparison
|49-91 (.538)
|47-86 (.547)
|10-20 (.500)
|8-21 (.381)
|9-12 (.750)
|10-13 (.769)
|Rebounds (Offensive-Total)
|Fast Break Points
|Fouls (Tech/Flagrant)
|21 (0/0)
|16 (0/0)
|Largest Lead
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Kris Kelly Is Tag Teamed
January 24th, 2014
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Former Texas Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison has a new job. She has joined the Houston-based law firm of Bracewell & Giuliani and will work out of its Dallas office.
Hutchison made history in 1993 when she became the first woman to represent Texas in the U.S. Senate. During her 19 years in the Senate, she served as the fourth-ranking Republican leader, a member of the Senate Banking Committee and the top Republican on the Commerce, Space and Science Committee.
The former senator says she was attracted to Bracewell & Giuliani's "deep Texas roots" and noted that its client base works well with her areas of experience.
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text: Acer's updated Aspire R7 2-in-1 notebook with latest Intel Haswell processors and Active Pen support is now on sale from BestBuy. Apart from latest CPU and updated display, Acer has also updated the machine with 8GB RAM and 1TB HDD. The device will go on sale for $899 from BestBuy. Aspire R7 – A touch more apps with active pen support With four modes of operation, the R7 can easily be used as a traditional notebook, a table top pad, a display, or switched into "Ezel" mode, allowing the screen to float over the keyboard at various angles. Whether sitting or standing, at a desk or outdoors, users can always find the most suitable and comfortable way to use the R7, seamlessly transitioning from one mode to the other, from touching to typing, then from writing to drawing. The Ezel Hinge makes it easy to flip the 15.6-inch full HD ...Read More →


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Search ARC for
Pontoon across Rappahannock River, Va. (alson cavalry column.), ca. 1860 - ca. 1865
ARC Identifier 524925 / Local Identifier 111-B-508
Item from Record Group 111: Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer, 1860 - 1985
|War Department. Office of the Chief Signal Officer. (08/01/1866 - 09/18/1947)
|Type(s) of Archival Materials:
|Photographs and other Graphic Materials
National Archives at College Park - Still Pictures (RD-DC-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001. PHONE: 301-837-0561; FAX: 301-837-3621; EMAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com.
|Coverage Dates:
|ca. 1860 - ca. 1865
|Part Of:
|Series: Mathew Brady Photographs of Civil War-Era Personalities and Scenes, compiled 1921 - 1940, documenting the period 1860 - 1865
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text:
Apple is working on an iPhone with replaceable lenses for an improved photographic experience, according to a filing from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Details of the invention, called "Back Panel for a Portable Electronic Device with Different Camera Lens Options," gave pictures of an iPhone-like device and camera in the top-left corner, according to AppleInsider. It also details how users could swap out a lens for optical zoom, such as digital single reflex cameras do.


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LITTLE ROCK (KATV) - As new doctors finish training across the country, many are returning to the Natural State to practice. In fact, Arkansas has one of the highest state retention rates of physicians, according to the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
Sarah Bone grew up in Central Arkansas, attending UAMS and completing her pediatrics residency with UAMS and Arkansas Children's Hospital this summer.
Despite looking at other states, she decided on a job at Arkansas Pediatric Clinic.
"Every time we would leave, it was exciting," Bone said of her trips to interview in other states. "But I tell you what, every time we drove back into Little Rock or flew back into Little Rock, it was so nice to see that skyline and be coming home."
Home is something that keeps many doctors in the state, and even brings some back.
Evan Newbolt is an ophthalmologist with McFarland Eye Center, originally from Mena. He also completed residency this summer in West Virginia.
"The lure of family, friends and Arkansas brought me back," Newbolt said.
According to a 2010 study by the Center for Workforce Studies of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 58% of physicians who trained at UAMS stayed in the state to practice.
Dr. Richard Wheeler, Executive Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at UAMS, said the study ranked Arkansas third in the nation for retention, only behind Texas and California. Bone said although pay can be higher in other states, factoring in the cost of living can make a difference.
She added there is need for physicians in Arkansas.
"Even as a country, in primary care we're under-served," Bone explained. "The communities are under-served so I think growing up in those small communities they recognized that, that those people need physicians to take care of them."
She said to some in her program, returning home was about responsibility.
"They're from small little towns in Arkansas and they have people that are depending on them to come back and work in those communities," Bone said.
Newbolt said completing his residency in another state gave him a new perspective and new tools to bring back to his home state.
"I thought I wanted to explore and that sort of thing, but then when you're gone for four years, you find, yeah, there's definitely a drawback," Newbolt said. "Something pulling you back to Arkansas."
That retention also goes for residency programs. Wheeler said over the last 10 years, about 50 percent of UAMS medical students selected residencies in Arkansas.


text:
Radiologic technologists operate X-ray machines, digital mammography machines, computed tomography [2] (CT) machines, as well as magnetic resonance imaging [3] (MRI) scanners and other types of medical imaging equipment. Their responsibilities include:
Radiologic technologists must follow physicians' orders precisely and conform to regulations concerning the use of radiation to protect themselves, their patients, and their coworkers from unnecessary exposure.
Radiologic technologists are on their feet for long periods of time and have to help or lift disabled patients. They may also be required to travel in long distances with their equipment. Although there are some radiation hazards, these are minimized by the use of lead aprons, gloves, and other shielding devices. In addition, technologists wear badges that measure radiation levels in their work area and detailed records are kept on their cumulative lifetime dose.
The information below reflects aggregated data from all of the Herzing University campuses that have students enrolled in the specified program in the specified time period. The information does not reflect data regarding individual campuses unless only one campus had students to report. The reporting period used to obtain this data was 7/1/2012-6/30/2013. If there were less than 10 graduates in a program, median loan debt and on-time completion data were not disclosed for that program to protect the privacy of those students. Tuition and length may vary by campus location. Ranges could not be input for tuition and length, therefore tuition and length reported are the highest tuition rates and longest program length to encompass all campuses. For information regarding specific campus tuition please refer to http://www.herzing.edu/tuition-financial-aid [4] . For a more detailed description of how the data was calculated please refer to the Disclosure Methodology located here http://www.herzing.edu/files/2014Disclosures-Methodology.pdf [5] .
The Associate of Science in Radiologic Technology program at the Herzing University Orlando Campus meets the educational requirements for graduates to be eligible to take the Radiography Certification examination through The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). Click here [8] for more information.
[1] http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/radiologic-technologist
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computed_tomography
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging
[4] http://www.herzing.edu/tuition-financial-aid
[5] http://www.herzing.edu/files/2014Disclosures-Methodology.pdf
[6] http://www.herzing.edu/careerprograms1/undergraduate-degrees/healthcare/radiologic-technology/programs/associate/Gedt.html
[7] http://www.herzing.edu/orlando
[8] https://www.arrt.org/


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You Are Here: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force > Topic Index > Hormone Replacement Therapy > Recommendation Statement
Hormone Replacement Therapy for the Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women
Recommendation Statement
This statement summarizes the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women and the supporting scientific evidence and updates the Task Force's 2002 recommendations on hormone replacement therapy.1
Summary of Recommendations
Clinical Considerations
Recommendations of Other Groups
Members of the Task Force
Copyright and Electronic Dissemination
|Task Force Ratings
Strength of Recommendations and Quality of Evidence
Clinical Considerations
- The balance of benefits and harms for a woman will be influenced by her personal preferences, her risks for specific chronic diseases, and the presence of menopausal symptoms. A shared decisionmaking approach to preventing chronic diseases in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women involves consideration of individual risk factors and preferences in selecting effective interventions for reducing the risks for fracture, heart disease, and cancer. Other USPSTF recommendations for prevention of chronic diseases (screening for osteoporosis, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer; and counseling to prevent tobacco use) are available at: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org.
- The USPSTF did not consider the use of hormone therapy for the management of menopausal symptoms, which is the subject of recommendations by other expert groups. Women and their clinicians should discuss the balance of risks and benefits before deciding to initiate or continue hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms. For example, for combined estrogen and progestin, some risks (such as the risks for venous thromboembolism, coronary heart disease [CHD], and stroke) arise within the first 1 to 2 years of therapy, and other risks (such as the risk for breast cancer) appear to increase with longer-term hormone therapy. The populations of women using hormone therapy for symptom relief may differ from those who would use hormone therapy for prevention of chronic disease (e.g., age differences). Other expert groups have recommended that women who decide to take hormone therapy to relieve menopausal symptoms use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time.
- Although estrogen alone or in combination with progestin reduces the risk for fractures in women, other effective medications (e.g., bisphosphonates and calcitonin) are available for treating women with low bone density to prevent fractures. The role of chemopreventive agents in preventing fractures in women without low bone density is unclear. The USPSTF addressed screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in 2002.2
- Unopposed estrogen increases the risk for endometrial cancer in women who have an intact uterus. Clinicians should use a shared decisionmaking approach when discussing the possibility of using unopposed estrogen in women who have not had a hysterectomy.3
The median age of menopause in women in the United States is 51 years (range 41-59 years), but ovarian production of estrogen and progestin begins to decrease years before the cessation of menses. The average woman in the United States who reaches menopause has a life expectancy of nearly 30 years. The probability that a menopausal woman will develop various chronic diseases during her lifetime has been estimated to be:
- 46% for CHD.
- 20% for stroke.
- 15% for hip fracture.
- 10% for breast cancer.
- 2.6% for endometrial cancer.4
In North America, an estimated 7 to 8 percent of people 75 to 84 years of age have dementia, and more than 90 percent of cases of colorectal cancer occur after the age of 50.5
Benefits of Hormone Therapy
Osteoporosis and Fractures
Good evidence from observational studies and randomized clinical trials demonstrates that estrogen therapy increases bone density and reduces the risk for fractures. The combined estrogen-progestin arm of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial,6 a fair-quality study, found significant reductions in total fracture risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; adjusted 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-0.92) among healthy women taking estrogen and progestin. This arm of the WHI trial also showed reductions for hip and vertebral fracture, although these did not achieve statistical significance.6 (In its analysis, the USPSTF used nominal 95% CIs for the primary outcomes and adjusted 95% CIs for all secondary outcomes.)
The estrogen-only arm of the WHI trial also reported decreased risk for hip and vertebral fracture, which also did not reach statistical significance.7 A meta-analysis of 22 trials of estrogen reported an overall 27-percent reduction in non-vertebral fractures (relative risk [RR], 0.73; [95% CI, 0.56-0.94]), although the quality of individual studies varied.8 The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) and its unblinded followup study, HERS II,9 a fair-quality trial of combined estrogen-progestin for the secondary prevention of heart disease that reported many other outcomes, found no reduction in hip, wrist, vertebral, or total fractures with hormone therapy (relative hazard [RH] for total fractures, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.87-1.25). Overall, a good-quality body of evidence supports the efficacy of hormone therapy in increasing bone density and decreasing fracture risk.
Colorectal Cancer
Results from the WHI study6 and HERS9 showed a trend toward reduced incidence of colon cancer (HR, 0.63; adjusted 95% CI, 0.32-1.24 and RH, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.46-1.45, respectively), but the trend did not reach statistical significance. The estrogen-only arm of the WHI trial showed neither benefit nor harm for colorectal cancer risk (HR, 1.08; adjusted 95% CI, 0.63-1.86).7 A meta-analysis of 18 observational studies of postmenopausal women reported a 20-percent reduction in colon cancer (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.74-0.86) and a 19-percent reduction in rectal cancer (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72-0.92) among women who had ever used combined estrogen-progestin or estrogen alone compared with women who had never used hormone therapy.10 This decrease in risk was more apparent when current users were compared with those who had never used hormone therapy (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.59-0.74). Overall, the evidence suggesting a trend toward reduction of colorectal cancer risk with combined hormone therapy should be interpreted cautiously until controlled trials clarify whether therapy has either no benefit or modest benefit.
Harms of Hormone Therapy
Breast Cancer
The estrogen-progestin arm of the WHI study was terminated after an average of 5.2 years of followup because "evidence for breast cancer harm, along with evidence for some increase in CHD, stroke, and pulmonary embolism, outweighed the evidence of benefit for fractures and possible benefit for colon cancer."6 This study showed an increased invasive breast cancer incidence (HR, 1.26; nominal 95% CI, 1.00-1.59). However, no effect on breast cancer mortality was observed. Comparable increases in breast cancer incidence were observed among women taking estrogen and progestin over 6.8 years of followup in HERS.9
The U.K. Million Women Study, a fair-quality study, showed an increased risk for breast cancer in current users of combined estrogen-progestin (RR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.91-2.09) compared with those who had never used hormone therapy.11 Results from two good-quality cohort studies conflict on the effects of long-term hormone therapy on breast cancer mortality.12,13 Overall, there is a good-quality body of evidence indicating that combined estrogen-progestin increases breast cancer risk. It is unclear whether the combination of estrogen-progestin confers a greater breast cancer risk than estrogen alone. In studies of estrogen alone, the results are conflicting: the Million Women Study showed an increased risk for breast cancer in current users of estrogen only (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.22-1.38) compared with those who had never used it11; but the estrogen-only arm of the WHI trial showed a trend toward breast cancer prevention (HR, 0.77; nominal 95% CI, 0.59-1.01).7
Coronary Heart Disease
In the WHI study, women who took combined estrogen-progestin daily, compared with women taking placebo, had an increased risk for CHD (fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarctions), which became evident shortly after initiation of the study (HR, 1.29; nominal 95% CI, 1.02-1.63).6 However, mortality from CHD was not significantly increased among the women taking combined hormone therapy daily. One meta-analysis of observational studies showed a statistically significant reduction in CHD (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68-0.95) among current hormone therapy users, but not among those who had used hormone therapy in the past or among those who had never used it.14 This meta-analysis also showed that CHD mortality in observational studies was reduced among current hormone therapy users (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.90) but was not reduced among those who had used hormone therapy in the past. However, among studies that controlled for socioeconomic status (social class, education, or income), no CHD benefit was seen among current hormone therapy users, suggesting that the observed difference may be due to confounding by socioeconomic status and other lifestyle factors (e.g., exercise or alcohol use) rather than use of hormone therapy. Thus, selection bias (in this case, the tendency of healthier women to use hormone therapy) appears to explain the apparent protective effect of estrogen against CHD seen in observational studies. The estrogen-only arm of the WHI trial showed no decreased risk for CHD.7
A meta-analysis of 9 observational primary prevention studies suggests that hormone therapy is associated with a small increase in stroke incidence (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.23), due primarily to an increase in thromboembolic stroke (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.40).14,15 The risk for subarachnoid bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke was not increased, and the overall stroke mortality was marginally reduced (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.92). These results are consistent with findings from the WHI, which reported increased incidence of stroke in women taking combined estrogen-progestin daily (HR, 1.41; adjusted 95% CI, 0.86-2.31).6 The estrogen-only arm of the WHI trial, which was terminated after an average of 6.8 years of followup, showed a trend toward increased stroke risk with unopposed estrogen use (HR, 1.39; adjusted 95% CI, 0.97-1.99).7
Venous Thromboembolism (Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism)
In a meta-analysis of 12 studies (3 randomized controlled trials, 8 case-control studies, and 1 cohort study), hormone therapy (estrogen alone or in combination with progestin) was associated with an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (RR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.64-2.81).16,17 Five of 6 studies that examined the effects of hormone therapy over time reported that the risk was highest within the first year of use (RR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.33-5.59). These results are consistent with the findings in the estrogen-progestin arm of the WHI,6 which reported a 2-fold increased rate of venous thromboembolic disease, including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, in women taking combined estrogen-progestin daily. The estrogen-only arm of the WHI trial showed a trend toward increased risk for venous thromboembolism with unopposed estrogen use (HR, 1.33; adjusted 95% CI, 0.86-2.08).7
Cognition and Dementia
While earlier studies showed a beneficial effect of hormone therapy on cognition, these studies had marked heterogeneity and variation in assessment of outcomes. For example, 9 randomized controlled trials examining the effect of hormone therapy on cognition in women showed improvement in verbal memory, vigilance, reasoning, and motor speed; however, these trials may have biased results, since they were conducted with women experiencing menopausal symptoms at baseline. A meta-analysis of 12 observational studies (1 of good quality, 3 of fair quality, and 8 of poor quality) showed a reduction in the risk for dementia among postmenopausal women taking hormone therapy (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53-0.82).18
Because of issues of internal and external validity from these previous studies, the more recent, fair-quality WHI memory studies are more likely to represent the effects of hormone therapy use in the healthy postmenopausal population. The WHI memory study showed decreased global cognitive function (measured by the modified Mini-Mental State Examination) in women taking estrogen alone and in the pooled group of women taking estrogen alone or estrogen-progestin.19 The WHI memory study also showed an increased risk for probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment in both the estrogen-alone (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.01-1.89) and estrogen-progestin (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04-1.99) arms of the trial.20 The overall evidence supports harmful effects of hormone therapy on cognitive function, although the clinical relevance of this difference in cognitive function is unclear.
Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer
Results of a meta-analysis of 29 good-quality observational studies of endometrial cancer reported a relative risk of 2.3 for users of unopposed estrogen compared with nonusers.21 Risks increased with increasing duration of use (RR, 9.5 for 10 years of use), and the risk for endometrial cancer remained elevated 5 or more years after discontinuation of unopposed estrogen therapy. Estrogen and progestin did not increase the risk for endometrial cancer in HERS5 or in the WHI.6
Data on the association between the use of hormone therapy and the risk for ovarian cancer are inconsistent. Two good-quality cohort studies reported increased risks for ovarian cancer or ovarian cancer mortality among women who had taken hormone therapy for 10 years or more.22,23 However, a third study found no effect of hormone therapy on ovarian cancer mortality.24 One study suggested higher risk with unopposed estrogen than with estrogen-progestin therapy,22 but data are insufficient to resolve the effects of different formulations or doses of hormone therapy on ovarian cancer risk. Neither the WHI nor HERS reported risk for ovarian cancer.
Results from the Nurses' Health Study, a good-quality cohort study, reported an increased risk for cholecystitis among current hormone therapy users and long-term users (>5 years) compared with nonusers.25 Risk for cholecystitis remained elevated among past users. An increase in biliary tract surgery during 6.8 years of followup was reported among women taking estrogen plus progestin compared with those taking placebo in HERS.9,26 The WHI has not reported on outcomes for biliary tract disease among women taking hormone therapy.
Combined estrogen-progestin may reduce the risk for fractures and colorectal cancer but has no beneficial effect on CHD. The use of combined estrogen-progestin may lead to increased risk for breast cancer, venous thromboembolism, stroke, cholecystitis, dementia, and lower global cognitive function. The excess absolute combined risks for CHD and breast cancer that can be attributed to hormone therapy are low; for example, according to WHI results, there would be 7 more CHD events, 8 more strokes, 8 more pulmonary embolisms, and 8 more cases of invasive breast cancer each year for every 10,000 women taking hormone therapy. The absolute risk reduction for every 10,000 women would be 6 fewer colorectal cancers and 5 fewer hip fractures. The evidence is insufficient to determine the effects of hormone therapy on the incidence of ovarian cancer, mortality from breast cancer or CHD, or all-cause mortality. Evidence about the effects of different dosages, types, and delivery modes of hormone therapy remains insufficient. Overall, the harmful effects of combined estrogen and progestin are likely to exceed the benefits of chronic disease prevention for most women.
Since unopposed estrogen increases a woman's risk for endometrial cancer, it has been used in postmenopausal women without a uterus to prevent chronic disease. While estrogen alone may decrease a woman's risk for fractures, it has no beneficial effect on CHD. The use of estrogen alone may lead to increased risk for thromboembolism, stroke, dementia, and lower global cognitive function. The evidence is insufficient to determine the effects of unopposed estrogen on the incidence of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or colorectal cancer as well as breast cancer mortality or all-cause mortality. Overall, the harmful effects of unopposed estrogen are likely to exceed the chronic disease prevention benefits in most women.
Recommendations of Other Groups
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,27 American Heart Association,28 North American Menopause Society,29 and Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care,30,31 recommend against use of HT for the prevention of chronic diseases in postmenopausal women.
Members of the Task Force
Corresponding Author: Ned Calonge, M.D., M.P.H., Chair, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, c/o Program Director, 540 Gaither Road, Rockville, MD 20850.
Members of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* are Ned Calonge, M.D., M.P.H., Chair, USPSTF (Acting Chief Medical Officer and State Epidemiologist, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO); Janet D. Allan, Ph.D., R.N., C.S., Vice-chair, USPSTF (Dean, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD); Alfred O. Berg, M.D., M.P.H. (Professor and Chair, Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA); Paul S. Frame, M.D. (Family Physician, Tri-County Family Medicine, Cohocton, NY, and Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY); Leon Gordis, M.D., M.P.H., Dr.P.H. (Professor, Epidemiology Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD); Kimberly D. Gregory, M.D., M.P.H. (Director, Women's Health Services Research and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA); Russell Harris, M.D., M.P.H. (Professor of Medicine, Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC); Mark S. Johnson, M.D., M.P.H. (Professor and Chair, Department of Family Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ); Jonathan D. Klein, M.D., M.P.H. (Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY); Carol Loveland-Cherry, Ph.D., R.N. (Executive Associate Dean, Office of Academic Affairs, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI); Virginia A. Moyer, M.D., M.P.H. (Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX); Judith K. Ockene, Ph.D. (Professor of Medicine and Chief of Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA); Diana B. Petitti, M.D., M.P.H. (Senior Scientific Advisor for Health Policy and Medicine, Regional Administration, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA); Albert L. Siu, M.D., M.S.P.H. (Professor and Chairman, Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY); Steven M. Teutsch, M.D., M.P.H. (Executive Director, Outcomes Research and Management, Merck & Company, Inc., West Point, PA)**; and Barbara P. Yawn, M.D, M.Sc. (Director of Research, Olmstead Research Center, Rochester, MN).
* Member of the USPSTF at the time this recommendation was finalized. For a list of current Task Force members, go to http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/about.htm.
** Steven M. Teutsch, M.D., M.P.H., recused himself from voting on this topic.
This statement summarizes the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women and the supporting scientific evidence and updates the Task Force's 2002 recommendations on hormone replacement therapy.1 The updated statement is based on the results of the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial as well as the information in the 2002 summary of the evidence on this topic, which is available on the USPSTF Web site (http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org). Explanations of the ratings and of the strength of overall evidence are given at http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/gradespre.htm.
Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. Government. They should not be construed as an official position of AHRQ or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
1. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy to prevent chronic conditions: recommendations and rationale. Ann Intern Med 137(10):1-48.
2. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: recommendations and rationale. Ann Intern Med 137(6):526-8.
3. Sheridan SL, Harris RP, Woolf SH for the Shared Decisionmaking Workgroup, Third U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Shared decision-making about screening and chemoprevention: a suggested approach from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Am J Prev Med 2004;26(1):56-66.
4. Grady D, Rubin SM, Petitti DB, et al. Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1992;117(12):1016-37.
5. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2004. Available at: http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CAFF_finalPWSecured.pdf. Accessed Aug 19, 2004.
6. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288(3):321-33.
7. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291(14):1701-12.
8. Torgerson DJ, Bell-Syer SE. Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of nonvertebral fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA 2001;285(22):2891-7.
9. Hulley S, Furberg C, Barrett-Connor E, et al. Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study Follow-up (HERS II). JAMA 2002;288(1):58-66.
10. Grodstein F, Newcomb PA, Stampfer MJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 1999;106(5):574-82.
11. Beral V. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 2003;362(9382):419-27.
12. Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, et al. The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1995;332(24):1589-93.
13. Sellers TA, Mink PJ, Cerhan JR, et al. The role of hormone replacement therapy in the risk for breast cancer and total mortality in women with a family history of breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 1997;127(11):973-80.
14. Humphrey L, Takano L, Chan BK. Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease. Systematic Evidence Review No. 10 (Prepared by the Oregon Health & Science Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-97-0018.) 2002.
15. Humphrey LL, Chan BK, Sox HC. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 2002;137(4):273-84.
16. Miller J, Chan BK, Nelson HD. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement and risk for venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2002;136(9):680-90.
17. Miller J, Chan BK, Nelson H. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism. Systematic Evidence Review No. 11 Prepared by the Oregon Health & Science Evidence-based Practice Center under contract No. 290-97-0018. 2002.
18. LeBlanc E, Chan BK, Nelson H. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cognition. Systematic Evidence Review No. 13 (Prepared by the Oregon Health & Science Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-97-0018.) 2002.
19. Espeland MA, Rapp SR, Shumaker SA, et al. Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA 2004;291(24):2959-68.
20. Shumaker SA, Legault C, Kuller L, et al. Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA 2004;291(24):2947-58.
21. Grady D, Gebretsadik T, Kerlikowske K, Ernster V, Petitti D. Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85(2):304-13.
22. Lacey JV, Jr., Mink PJ, Lubin JH, et al. Menopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of ovarian cancer. JAMA 2002;288(3):334-41.
23. Rodriguez C, Patel AV, Calle EE, Jacob EJ, Thun MJ. Estrogen replacement therapy and ovarian cancer mortality in a large prospective study of US women. JAMA 2001;285(11):1460-5.
24. Persson I, Yuen J, Bergkvist L, Schairer C. Cancer incidence and mortality in women receiving estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy—long-term follow-up of a Swedish cohort. Int J Cancer 1996;67(3):327-32.
25. Grodstein F, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ. Postmenopausal hormone use and cholecystectomy in a large prospective study. Obstet Gynecol 1994;83(1):5-11.
26. Simon JA, Hunninghake DB, Agarwal SK, et al. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on risk for biliary tract surgery in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. Ann Intern Med 2001;135(7):493-501.
27. ACOG Task Force on Hormone Therapy. Hormone Therapy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004;104(4 Supplement):1S-131S.
28. American Heart Association. AHA scientific statement: evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in Women. Circulation 2004;109:672-93.
29. The North American Menopause Society. Recommendations for estrogen and progestogen use in peri- and postmenopausal women: October 2004 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2004;11(6):589-600.
30. Abramson BL. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Recommendation statement from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. CMAJ 2004;170(9):1388-9.
31. Wathen CN, Feig DS, Feightner JW, Abramson BL, Cheung AM. Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Hormone replacement therapy for the primary prevention of chronic diseases: recommendation statement from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. CMAJ 2004;170(10):1535-7.
Copyright and Electronic Dissemination
This document is in the public domain within the United States. Requests for linking or to incorporate content in electronic resources should be sent via the USPSTF contact form.
Source: This recommendation statement was first published in Ann Intern Med 2005;142:855-60.
AHRQ Publication No. 05-0576
Current as of May 2005
Internet Citation:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Hormone Therapy for the Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Recommendation Statement. AHRQ Publication No. 05-0576, May 2005. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf05/ht/htpostmenrs.htm


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Dale Meyerrose, former CIO, Office of the Director of National Intelligence
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Friday - 10/15/2010, 4:45pm EDT
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General Dale Meyerrose, former CIO for the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, joined the DorobekINSIDER to discuss why the two departments are teaming up and ways agencies can confront the evolving challenges of cybersecurity.
Meyerrose is currently the Vice President and General Manager of Cyber Integrated Solutions at the Harris Corporation.
This story is part of Federal News Radio's daily Cybersecurity Update brought to you by Tripwire. For more cybersecurity news, click here.


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Statement by U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan to Teachers, Principals, and School Administrators in the Aftermath of the Sandy Hook Elementary School Shootings
At this time of unbearable grief over the senseless slaughter of 20 first-graders and six school staff members, I want to take a moment to thank the extraordinary educators, school leaders, and school staff who protected children at Sandy Hook Elementary School.
Remarks of U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan to the Inter-American Development Bank
As I listened to [IDB] President Moreno's remarks, I was struck not by how different the U.S. education system is but rather by how many educational challenges the U.S. shares with Latin America and Caribbean nations.
Remarks of U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan at the Fourth White House Tribal Nations Conference
Thank you, Mr. Hill, for delivering that wonderful opening invocation. I can't tell you how pleased and honored I am to join you again for the fourth White House Tribal Nations Conference.
Remarks of U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan at the Education Trust Conference
This is a day of celebration in so many ways. I'm thrilled for our nation, and I'm thrilled for our nation's school children, that President Obama has been re-elected.
Remarks of U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan at the TIME Higher Education Summit
It's great to be at the TIME Summit on Higher Education with such a distinguished group of leaders. All of you have thought long and hard about the future of higher education. And I'll try to be brief before we turn to the panel discussion.
Moving Forward, Staying Focused
Three weeks ago, we began a cross-country bus tour in California to visit schools, meet with educators and students, get feedback and listen, and generally take the pulse of people after nearly four years in office.
Closing The Opportunity Gap
Thank you for that generous introduction, Dennis [Van Roekel].
One of the most extraordinary opportunities in my job is that I get to visit hallowed ground. I get to stand in the footsteps of giants who fought and won battles for equal educational opportunity. And so it is today.
Change is Hard
I asked to speak with you today because, after three-plus years in Washington, it's a good time to take stock of where we are as a country – and where we are going.
Remarks of U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan to the SHEEO Higher Education Policy ConferenceThanks very much, Rahm, for that generous introduction.
I'm not sure what I've done to deserve such a glowing introduction. But I have a hunch that Rahm will let me know in a few minutes. He said something about wanting to have, quote, "a frank exchange of views."
Testimony of Secretary Duncan before the Senate Labor, Health and Human Services and Education Appropriations Subcommittee
I want to thank the Chairman, the Ranking Member, and other Members of this Subcommittee for your support. Over the past three years, we've protected students at risk while investing in education reform that supports bold and courageous leadership at the both state and local level.


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War and Peace (1868)
by Leo Tolstoy (Author), Leo Tolstoy
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Magnificent! No wonder War & Peace is still ranked very high even after 150 years. Highly recommended. It is epic in size, but the novel hooks you within first 20 pages. And once hooked, it is not simply read, one actually lives in War & Peace world for few weeks!
It is story of 5 families with Napoleon war against Russia as the background. Campaign and battle scenes are described in detail, these descriptions are supposed to be as close to real life as possible, unlike traditional history books where everything is summarized in few sentences. These war related sections should be read to gain understanding into how history actually might have played out and how it is interpreted today. In this historical background, more than 20 characters are developed fully, with their history, hopes, values, motivations. All the characters are multidimensional and one can really identify with them. As war progresses, almost all character change, evolving into totally different persona by the end of novel. End contains two part epilogue, first one directly related to novel, whereas second one is more like an essay from Tolstoy about history, free will, etc.
As with all translated works, one needs to be cautious with the translation they pick. I exchanged my older book to get Oxford World's classics edition with translators Louise and Aylmer Maude, Amy Mandelker. This is pretty good translation with French text intact.
This was, indeed, an epic read, but as there always has been more to Tolstoy, this book is no different. In it you find bits of history you would have never known otherwise, full-on societal differences and perceptions, and a statement, whether or not you consider it a little subtle, on government and society as a whole. If you know anything about the governments of the world, you see that this statement applies today just as it did then, nevermind the excesses of the wealthy. One cannot just "read" War and Peace. One who loves literature lives it, becomes it, and carries it with them the rest of their lives. Those who are afraid of it because it's such a large tome are just not willing to read anything that might impact their lives.
"Sõda ja rahu" on mu meelest nagu "Tõde ja õigus". Ilmselt pole paljud kumbagi raamatut lugenud, aga no kes ei tunneks Nataša Rostovat, Pierre Bezuhhovit, Vargamäe Andrest või Oru Pearu.
Ma olen üsna kindel, et ma seda raamatud varem lugenud polnud, aga ju olen ma näinud filmi? Ja loomulikult olen ma käinud klassiekskursioonil Barclay de Tolly mälestusmärgi juures. Igaljuhul, nagu kohtumine vanade tuttavatega.
Sõda ja Rahu oleks tegelikult ideaalne e-raamat. Päris naljakas oli üle pika aja lugeda paberilt. Seda lugedes oleks kohe hädasti vaja, et saaksid online tõlkida prantsuskeelsed osad ( no miks neid nii palju peab olema!), esimese osa juures võiks olla "kes on kes?" ja hiljem Venemaa kaart ja wikipedia tegelaste taustade uurimiseks samuti.
Loe edasi
Only in our conceited age of the popularization of knowledge – thanks to that most powerful engine of ignorance, the diffusion of printed matter – has the question of freedom of will been put on a level on which the question itself cannot exist.
Tolstoy is a much better storyteller than a thinker; in other words, no matter how hard he wants to be Borges, he's much better off gamboling in the bucolic glories of his beloved Russia. Part Two of this book's Epilogue cemented that in stone, forty pages of Tolstoy destroying any denunciation he had made of the horrors of war with redundant, solipsistic, and inconclusive meanderings on freewill and power. Had he stuck with a simple 'Well we just don't know so how about we keep thinking and not killing each other in those horrible massacres known as war that we shouldn't be lauding as much as we do' and ended it there, it would have been a good, sensible end. Instead, he went on. And on. And on. I've heard this paradoxical thinking is part of his appeal and his later works tell a different story but I just finished 1440 pages of the reputably nineteenth longest work in the history of novels and I am NOT going to do the 'Oh but you read the wrong one now this work is the one that is the true best of the author...' dance. Right now, enough is enough.
I recently ran across a bundle of reviews condemning Hugo for overt egotism in his [Les Misérables], and while I see the truth in that, I'll take boundless hope for empathetic humanity over thought experiments culminating in either religion or endless gnawing of ones' leg in efforts to escape any day. All authors are completely full of themselves to some degree of thinking their compositions are worthy of an audience, and while I promised to not let this review commit itself to Hugo vs. Tolstoy time, I like writers that offer a backdoor, who give an opinion/story/whatnot without spending endless paragraphs quibbling over its immutability and/or not. You like what you think? Stay considerate, consistent, and somewhere along the line concise, and I'll probably like it too.
"He could not disavow his deeds, lauded as they were by half the world, and so he was obliged to repudiate truth and beauty and all humanity."
That line sums up everything I find great in Tolstoy, that utter rout of Napoleon and putting in his place a conjuration of ineffable worth that is in no way encompassed by military might. Unfortunately, Tolstoy's very much a Hemingway, and I can only hope some of that humanity he names rubbed off on him in the eight years between the publications of W&P and [Anna Karenina], for every time a woman shows up he has no time for anything but lazy characterization, patronizing hypocrisy, and insipid similes such as how the effort to achieve women's rights is like the effort to cook the perfect meal and has no consideration for the holy sacred "family" that constitutes the only reason for matrimony. The irony is that, like many men and women of both that time and this one, he doesn't see that the patriarchy he is so horrified by, leastwise in massacres committed in the name of king and nationalism, is birthed in every situation where a woman is expected to take on all of empathy and a man is refused the slightest share. This is a given I usually don't mention due to its ridiculous ubiquity, but seeing how much time Tolstoy spent trying and failing to write women, it deserves explicit mention.
In light of that, if I do the usual thing and focus on the thoughts of male characters while keeping only a cursory eye on those of women, there's some good stuff to be found. Proust does the rich people screwing each other over in petty politics and gainful one-ups better, but Proust never went to war. Between the psychological discourse of varying levels of insight and the constant relations of history to physical laws that range from intriguing to utterly laughable, we have breathtaking sketches of natural landscape and its humans, a sleigh ride in particular being one of my favorite scenes in literature of all time. Sentiment abounds, but was made bearable by the few moments when real value was found in empathy and the bonds of humanity. I would've been happier had I forgone the epilogue, but I also wouldn't have the right to evaluate it, and of all of Tolstoy's attempts to pin down the nature of power, I favor knowledge above all others.
In short, I thought I'd get more out of this than I did, but that moment six years ago when I had to return W&P unfinished to the library has now been vindicated. Also, that Russian film adaptation looks mighty appealing.
Original post at Book Rhapsody.
Snoopy reads this, one word a day
How can I possibly write something about this ginormous book that stands proud against the motley crew of my random books of mass markets, hardbounds, and trade paperbacks, and shying these on the sheer basis of breadth? A novel that spans four volumes, each volume divided into parts, and each part further divided into chapters, I struggled to finish this not without iron will and determination.
First, I was motivated by the reading support group spurred by local writer Jessica Zafra. I think we were about ten, periodically posting our inputs on the writer's blog, including the writer herself, and I think I was the first to read my way across the finish line. I even think that only three of us really finished the book, this suspicion arising from the simple fact that the support-group-slash-challenge wasn't capped off, unless we consider the article the writer wrote, an article that quoted the participants, as the waving checkered flag.
So you see, I really don't know how to properly start this without the reader skipping to another random Internet article. But if you have reached this part, my effort is not in vain.
"Love? What is love?" he thought. "Love hinders death. Love is life. Everything, everything I understand, I understand only because I love. Everything is, everything exists, only because I love. Everything is connected only by that. Love is God, and to die–-means that I, a part of love, return to the common and eternal source." These thoughts seemed comforting to him. But they were only thoughts. Something was lacking in them, there was something one-sidedly personal, cerebral–-there was no evidence. And there was the same uneasiness and vagueness. He fell asleep.
I lied. That's not a random quotation. But the manner of picking it is quite random. I sifted my thoughts through my mental silkscreen. What is this about? Of course, it's about war and peace, no? Sure, there's a lot of war in here that would suffice for tremendous reference if you wish to lie about being a war veteran. There are characters in here that are real people, people who are forever a part of the world's history. Like Napoleon. And who else?
I don't remember. Rather, I don't know, because after reading this, I suspect that Napoleon is just a product of Tolstoy's pen. But let's not dwell on that; let's return to that quote, a dust mote of a narrative from this book that could break wrists. Okay, I picked a love quote because the major characters, the major fictional characters, are caught in a love triangle of sorts, but not that type where two men go after the same woman. Our characters Pierre Bezukhov, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, and Natasha Rostov are better than that.
There are harder Russian names than that. It would be great if you also know French, because there's a lot of French going on here. I think some editions have the all the French dialogues translated, but my edition, the Pevear-Volokhonsky translation, reputed to be the most loyal, left all the French untouched. There are footnotes, don't worry. But given that I set out to read every single line in every volume, I still read the French lines. And whatever historical footnotes that I came across.
I don't wish to go through the plot because really; all you need to know is that this is about Napoleon's invasion of Russia with a lot of side twists and commentaries. I said commentaries because the author usually forgets that he is writing fiction and proceeds to write essays. Or it could be the other way around.
It is hard to convince someone to read this book, what with the popularity of classics, humongous classics at that, waning. But really, this is one good read. You don't have to be a high-strung reader to understand it. Never mind the French, or go get another edition if you are Frenchophobic. The scenes are well-propped against exact descriptions. If you're reading a part where a soiree is going on, you feel like a waiter eavesdropping on the conversations of the Russian high society.
The characters are well-developed and dynamic. I particularly like the polarity of Pierre and Prince Andrei, men who are supposed to bash in each other's teeth but are the best of friends despite their vast differences. If you ask me, I prefer the dashing Prince Andrei, not only because he is dashing, but I like his thoughts and philosophies. Not to say that Pierre is uninteresting. It's just my preference.
The plot is, yes, convoluted, but it can be tolerated. There's just a lot going on. There are a lot of characters that could make up for a television series. That's to be expected because it screams at over a thousand pages, but it doesn't feel crammed. There's comedy, drama, romance, and action, so it's safe to say that readers of varying genres can have something to look forward to.
And yes, you can have the ultimate bragging rights of having set a reading milestone after flipping the last page.
But really, not everything is as good as I am trying to say. As much as I want to encourage everyone, I have to air this out. Tolstoy, in this novel, has a tendency to repeat himself over and over again. This is particularly evident in the essayish parts. He would wind up with a longish introduction, say about war and history, bring up a thesis, present an antithesis, conclude with a synthesis, and repeat all over on the same subject.
There are times that I wanted to scream at the book. Fine, I get it, can we please move on? Something like that. It can get annoying, but it could be exactly this why finishing this book gives you a sense of achievement. It even made me feel a little smarter. Of course, bus passengers would be intimidated if you whip out this book out of your backpack, which I did, but really, you will understand a thing or two about war and history, like the role of each other in each other.
Perhaps this should have been entitled War and History instead.
[Note: This review refers mainly to the Pevear-Volokhonsky translation in comparison to other translations.]
The Russian language is the real hero of Tolstoy's masterpiece; it is his voice of truth. The English-speaking world is indebted to these two magnificent translators, Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, for revealing more of its hidden riches than any who have tried to translate the book before.
Is contained in
ERROR War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy
Complete Works of Leo Tolstoy (Illustrated) by Leo Tolstoy (indirect)
Britannica Great Books 54 Volume Set by Robert Maynard Hutchins (indirect)
War and Peace (2/3) by Leo Tolstoy
War and Peace (1/2) by Leo Tolstoy
War and Peace (2/2) by Leo Tolstoy
ERROR War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy
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Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0307266931, Hardcover)From Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, the best-selling, award-winning translators of Anna Karenina and The Brothers Karamazov, comes a brilliant, engaging, and eminently readable translation of Leo Tolstoy's master epic.
War and Peace centers broadly on Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 and follows three of the best-known characters in literature: Pierre Bezukhov, the illegitimate son of a count who is fighting for his inheritance and yearning for spiritual fulfillment; Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, who leaves behind his family to fight in the war against Napoleon; and Natasha Rostov, the beautiful young daughter of a nobleman, who intrigues both men. As Napoleon's army invades, Tolstoy vividly follows characters from diverse backgrounds—peasants and nobility, civilians and soldiers—as they struggle with the problems unique to their era, their history, and their culture. And as the novel progresses, these characters transcend their specificity, becoming some of the most moving—and human—figures in world literature.
Pevear and Volokhonsky have brought us this classic novel in a translation remarkable for its fidelity to Tolstoy's style and cadence and for its energetic, accessible prose. With stunning grace and precision, this new version of War and Peace is set to become the definitive English edition.
(retrieved from Amazon Mon, 30 Sep 2013 13:24:30 -0400)
From Pevear and Volokhonsky, the bestselling, award-winning translators of "Anna Karenina" and "The Brothers Karamazov," comes a brilliant, engaging, and eminently readable translation of Tolstoy's master epic.
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New York Voters Support Minimum Wage Increase, Poll Says
ALBANY — More than three-quarters of New York State voters support a proposal by Democrats in the Legislature to raise the minimum wage to $8.50 per hour from $7.25, according to a new poll released on Monday.
The poll (pdf), conducted by Siena College from May 6 to 10, found broad support for what has emerged as the highest-profile issue in the closing weeks of this year's legislative session, which is scheduled to conclude in six weeks.
Democrats and independent voters were strongly supportive of raising the minimum wage, the poll found, with 88 percent of Democrats and 75 percent of independents in support. And while the Republican majority in the State Senate has derided the proposal as a job killer, a majority of Republican voters – 58 percent – said they supported it, as did 64 percent of voters who described themselves as politically conservative.
- 2 years ago
Honor Mom by raising the minimum wage
This weekend has many of us scrambling to figure out how to honor Mom.
Should we give her flowers? Take her to brunch?
For too many New York mothers straining to make ends meet, the best gift they could receive is an increase in the minimum wage.
- 2 years ago
NY Daily News: New Yorkers Favor Raising The Minimum Wage
Raising the minimum wage has broad support among New Yorkers – including Republicans – according to a Quinnipiac University poll released Wednesday.
Overall, 78% of New York voters favor a hike in the $7.25 hourly wage, while only 20% oppose it, the poll found.
Even a majority of Republicans, 53%, agreed that the wage should be increased.
Of those who supported an increase, 37% favored raising it to $8.50 an hour and 52% wanted it even higher.
"New York is a liberal state on labor matters," said Quinnipiac Polling Director Maurice Carroll.
Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver (D-Manhattan) has made boosting the minimum wage a top priority of the Assembly Democratic conference. Silver wants to increase the wage to $8.50 an hour with automatic future raises tied to inflation. Read more.
- 2 years ago
Big business lobbyists work to prevent any rise in workers' paychecks
Shocking that the "think tank" advocating against raising the minimum wage is funded by corporate lobbyists: bit.ly/zjKj7g #p2— WorkingFamiliesParty (@WorkingFamilies) February 21, 2012
(Source: prospect.org)
- 2 years ago
Study: Minimum Wage bill would benefit 1M New Yorkers
More than 350,000 New York City residents, and a total of 1 million statewide, would get a raise if the minimum wage were $8.50, found the Fiscal Policy Institute. Read more.
- 2 years ago
Silver Believes Cuomo Would Sign Minimum Wage Bill
Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver said he believes Gov. Cuomo would ultimately sign a bill to hike the minimum wage to $8.50 an hour.
"I would think that he would if it got through the Legislature," Silver said told Brian Lehrer on WNYC public radio. Read more in the Daily Politics from the New York Daily News.
- 2 years ago
Who Are NYC's Minimum Wage Earners?
Last week, Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver (D-Manhattan) introduced a bill that would raise New York's minimum wage 17 percent, from $7.25 to $8.50 an hour. MetroFocus recently spent a day seeking out New Yorkers working at or near minimum wage, which was last raised eight years ago. Here's a sampling of what minimum wage workers you might run into during your daily routine had to say about the proposed increase.
- 2 years ago
"If you put more money in workers' pockets, they're going to spend more. That's how we're going to create more jobs, that's how we're going to build consumer confidence"
- 2 years ago
Raise The Minimum Wage
In this powerful editorial which endorses increasing the minimum wage in New York, Crain's writes that a "statewide measure would maintain a level playing field." Read the full piece.
- 2 years ago
- 1
A Look at What Life Is Like on Minimum Wage
The potential minimum wage increase from $7.25 to $8.50 is welcomed news for many workers trying to pay bills and keep their families afloat. WNYC's Cindy Rodriguez looks at the impact that raising the minimum wage would have amongst the working poor in New York City. Read more.
- 2 years ago


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