text: JL Audio 10W3v3-4 W3v3 Series 10" 4-ohm subwoofer Zoom Front More Photos More Photos More Photos Photos Videos My vehicle's homepage We don't check this item for fit or compatibility. Item #: 13610W3V34 Review Summary 26 people say In Stock Free Crutchfield lifetime tech support Free Shipping Your price $259.99 Add to cart + Add to wishlist Email me alerts for this product $220.99 Scratch & Dent Buy this item and earn up to 260 Rewards points See more offers and ways to save Special Financing Available x By buying this product you'll earn up to 260 Rewards points. When you sign up for a Crutchfield account, you'll be enrolled in Crutchfield Rewards. You'll earn one point for every dollar you spend on gear from us. You can turn your points into Rewards Cards that you can use toward future purchases. You can sign up for an account now, or after you complete your purchase (you'll get credit for the points either way). Sign up for a Crutchfield account Overview Details Customer Reviews Q&A Articles & Videos Accessories Our take on the JL Audio 10W3v3-4 by Dominic Devito What's a component sub and why would I want one? A component sub is simply a speaker that's designed to reproduce bass once it's installed in a compatible enclosure. Think about the impact of a movie soundtrack in a big theater or even in your own home HDTV setup. A component sub can add the same kind of power to the music in your car. And a car sub is not all about the boom that you hear on a street corner (although that's cool too) - you can pair a component sub with your choice of enclosure to get bass just the way you like it, from tight and punchy to fat and loose. And once you experience music in your car with a well-tuned subwoofer, you'll never go back. Remarkably realistic bass JL Audio designed their W3v3 subwoofers to deliver powerful, accurate bass with a medium-power amplifier. Their extensive motor assembly research resulted in a design that ensures smooth, precise cone movement at any power level. Exclusive cooling features shunt heat away from the sub's internal motor structure for long term durability and reduced distortion. The W3v3 sub works well in a sealed or ported enclosure. Well-rounded performance The 10W3v3-4 subwoofer boasts a 10" mineral-filled polypropylene cone with a distinctive metallic JL Audio medallion. A patented design eases the stress felt by the rubber surround during cone movement, for increased reliability and consistent bass output. The removable, customizable trim ring accepts optional JL Audio grilles, and can be painted to enhance your installation. To drive this single subwoofer, we recommend a mono amplifier rated between 375 and 750 watts RMS at 4 ohms. For more information, please refer to our article on How to Match Subwoofers and Amplifiers. See more info on this item Highlights:10" 4-ohm subwoofermineral-filled polypropylene cone with nitrile-butylene rubber surroundpower range: 100-500 watts RMSpeak power handling: 1,000 wattsfrequency response: 25-250 Hzsensitivity: 84.87 dBtop-mount depth: 5-7/8"sealed box volume: 0.625 cubic feetported box volume: 1.125 cubic feetwarranty: 1 yearOur 60-day money-back guarantee Priced per speaker Hands-on research from the Crutchfield Labs (what are the Labs?) Features and specs chart | What's in the box? | In-depth notes Features and Specs Size Loading... 10 -inch Impedance Loading... 4 ohms Cone Material Loading... Mineral-filled poly Surround Material Loading... Rubber Ideal Sealed Box Volume (cubic feet) Loading... 0.625 Ideal Ported Box Volume (cubic feet) Loading... 1.125 Port diameter (inches) Loading... N/A Port length (inches) Loading... N/A Free-Air Loading... No Dual Voice Coil Loading... No Sensitivity Loading... 84.87 dB at 1 watt Frequency Response Loading... 25 - 250 Hz RMS Power Range (Watts) Loading... 100-500 Peak Power Handling (Watts) Loading... 1000 Top Mount Depth (inches) Loading... 5 7/8 Bottom Mount Depth (inches) Loading... N/A Cutout Diameter or Length (inches) Loading... 8 15/16 Vas (liters) Loading... 32.23 Fs (Hz) Loading... 31.49 Qts Loading... 0.485 Xmax (millimeters) Loading... 14 Parts Warranty Loading... 1 Year Labor Warranty Loading... 1 Year Product Research What's in the box? Download owner's manual 10" Subwoofer Black plastic trim ring Owner's Manual Our Product Research Team At Crutchfield, you'll get detailed, accurate information that's hard to find elsewhere. That's because we have our own in-house Product Research team — they open the box, verify contents, check the owner's manual, and record dimensions, features and specs. We stay on top of new products and technologies to help people make informed choices. Features Enclosure Compatibility Features Dynamic Motor Analysis (DMA): DMA is JL Audio's proprietary method aimed at improving dynamic motor behavior. As a result of DMA optimization, W3v3 motors remain linear in motor force over a very long range of excursion, and also maintain a highly stable fixed magnetic field in the gap over a wide power range. The result is vastly reduced distortion, faithfully reproduced transients, and tight, clean, articulate bass. Floating Cone Attachment Method (FCAM): JL Audio's patented FCAM technology is an innovative method of bonding the surround/cone assembly to the voice coil/spider assembly. This assembly technique ensures proper surround geometry in the assembled speaker for better excursion control and dynamic voice coil alignment. Vented Reinforcement Collar (VRC): The Vented Reinforcement Collar is a composite structure that addresses two issues related to reliability. By reinforcing the critical junction between the cone, voice coil and spider, the VRC greatly reduces failures due to glue breakdown or material weaknesses. It does this by greatly increasing adhesive contact area and providing stress relief to the spider material at excursion extremes. the VRC also feature slots that facilitate air flow directly onto the voice coil windings to reduce thermal compression effects and enhances reliability. Spider/Lead Wire Assembly: The W3v3 features a unique spider, coil and terminal subassembly which is assembled prior to installation in the speaker frame for optimum alignment and glue-joint integrity. The spider is insert-molded into a composite carrier tray which also incorporates the terminal assembly and lead wire strain relief features for enhanced reliability and optimal alignment of parts. The flying lead wires are carefully controlled and strain-relieved without resorting to woven-in lead wires, which can degrade spider performance. Elevated Frame Cooling: The elevated frame design of the W3v3 delivers high-velocity air flow through slots directly above the top plate to the voice coil of the speaker. This not only enhances power handling, but also sound quality by minimizing dynamic parameter shifts and power compression. Surround Stress Relief: By creating a radiused feature on the edge of the cone, stress is relieved from the surround material at maximum forward excursion, resulting in longer life and more consistent surround behavior. Customizable Trim Ring: The woofer comes with a removable ring made of black ABS plastic which can be painted to match the installation theme and create a personalized look. You can purchase optional grille mesh inserts which are specifically designed to fit into the inner diameter of the trim ring. Enclosure Compatibility Recommended Sealed Box Volume: The sealed box size recommended by JL Audio is 0.625 cu/ft. A diagram is provided in the owner's manual for a sealed box with external dimensions of 18" W x 11" H x 9" D, assuming 3/4" thick material. (If you are using 5/8" thick materials, you should subtract 1/4" from each dimension.) Recommended Ported Box Volume: The ported box size recommended by JL Audio is 1.125 cu/ft. A diagram is provided in the owner's manual for a sealed box with external dimensions of 23" W x 12" H x 13.125" D, assuming 3/4" thick material. (If you are using 5/8" thick materials, you should subtract 1/4" from each dimension.) A slot port is recommended with the following dimensions: Slot Width = 1.25" Slot Height = 10.5" Slot Length = 28.125" (a right angled port with a 15.5" extension) Review this product Submit a review and then enter to win a $500 rewards card JL Audio 10W3v3-4 Reviews Average Customer Review: 26 people say: Review this product: Thanks for taking the time to share your experiences about this product. Please be sure to focus your comments on the product itself. Read our Review Guidelines for more information. Review title * Email Your email won't be visible. Please use the email address that is associated with your order. Display name (e.g., JohnD) Your review will be signed using the display name and location * Your location (e.g., Charlottesville, VA) * Your rating Click on a star to rate the overall product on a scale of 1-5 Rate the following specific attributes Value Sound Quality Ease of Use "Coolness Factor" Build Quality 1500 characters left * Your review Attach a YouTube Review Crutchfield Video Review Guidelines Only submit videos that you made or are authorized to use. Do not submit videos that contain music, video or visuals that are copyrighted and belong to someone else. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. Submit the URL of your YouTube™ video review or product demonstration. e.g., "http://www.youtube.com/v/o79TWHh598U" 500 characters left Pros 500 characters left Cons * Agree to Terms By checking this box you agree your review becomes the property of Crutchfield, that you are over 18 years of age, that you own or have owned this product, and that you are located within the United States or its territories. Please see our Review Guidelines for more information. We reserve the right (but are not obligated to) review all submissions and edit or remove any review in any manner which we deem necessary. Your review should be posted within seven days. Filter by rating: 5 Star: (0) 4 Star: (0) 3 Star: (0) 2 Star: (0) 1 Star: (0) 5 out of 5 jl audio 10w3v3 Written By kpossible, elmsford, ny on Thursday, August 21, 2014 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) These subs hit real hard, im in love with them, they are well worth the money. The bass is amazing and the voice quality is not compromised even at its highest levels. Thank you jl audio!!!?? Pros: Great bass and voice is terrific!! Cons: Pretty pricey for some but worth the money if u have them 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value 5 out of 5 JL Audio 10W3v3-4 Written By Anonymous, Rio, WI on Sunday, June 29, 2014 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) got this to fit an a very small enclosure in a 2 door jeep without sacrificing space. It even sounds great with the top off the jeep which is sometimes hard to do. this is my second one cause might have overdriven the first one but it was worth it. 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value 5 out of 5 Excellent subwoofer Written By Matt, Milwaukee, WI on Friday, January 03, 2014 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This subwoofer produces a very clean, responsive bass and has no trouble at all reaching extremely low frequency's. Pros: Sounds amazing Cons: None 1 out of 1 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value 5 out of 5 JL Audio 10W3v3-4 Written By Anonymous, Charlotte nc on Friday, October 11, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I have tried 2 other brands bc I am limited to shallow underseat box in dodge ram 1500. These speakers are the first to give me excellent sound quality without sacrificing back seat 3 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value 5 out of 5 Awesome Subs Written By rgn, Winston-Salem, NC on Sunday, May 05, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) As I am writing this review these subs are currently out of stock... because these things ROCK! Yeah they cost a little more but these subs deliver. Great sound quality at moderate volume levels, and when producing heart pounding BASS. I had a pair of 10w3v2 for about 8 years and recently the foam surrounds seperated. I replaced with another high quality brand sub, but was dissappointed. No worries, Crutchfield is awesome. Got the newer 10w3v3 s and no regrets. Pros: Build Quality, Sound Quality and Volume QUANTITY Cons: Uh... Lets see. How about the...? Well there is the... Um. Ok . Wait, I know it's the... Hmm. 5 out of 6 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value 5 out of 5 This thing THUMPS! Written By Gerardo, Clovis, CA on Thursday, April 04, 2013 This Subwoofer is really good! I was so happy when I saw it arrive at my doorstep. If you want good bass and little space taken up you're good enough with one! Pros: Clear Sound Quality, Good RMS Cons: None 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value 5 out of 5 Accurate Bass Response Written By MM, RVA on Friday, March 08, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This is a great sounding sub- Covers all genres of music- I'm not a rappers delight kind of guy, but the sub can respond to those lows as well- Very accurate and compliments my Boston Pro 60/Se - Can't go wrong w/ JL Audio 2 out of 2 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value 5 out of 5 Can I Be Honest For A Minute? Written By Riddlemo, Miami, FL on Monday, January 14, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I sat in my car last night and experienced two of these little subs shake up the organs on the inside of my body. Those boys over at JL are the truth. And, of course, thhank you Crutchfield for your helpful, quality knowledge and customer service. Pros: The bass that this sub produces not only sounds incredible, it also feels that way. Cons: Not a single thing. JL for life. 3 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value 5 out of 5 JL Audio 10W3v3-4 Written By barry1967, RI on Saturday, July 28, 2012 In the late 90's I had 2 10W6's, the originals. I sold the car and the next JLs I had were some 8W0s in my Taurus that were ok. But I got a Crown Vic and the 8s weren't cutting it. I picked up a couple of these 10W3v3s and I gotta say holy crap! These things are great. I got them in a sealed box, each one with about .65 cu ft. Right now they are powered with a Kenwood X500-1 which is an OK amp but lacks a bit of oomph. I am getting a JL HD900/5 soon and I hope it will let these 10W3v3s really shine. Pros: Sound 7 out of 7 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value 5 out of 5 JL must stand for "Just Love" Written By Keith, Little Rock,Ar on Wednesday, December 14, 2011 This sub is amazing. I have this sub powered by a Rockford Fosgate P400-2 and its pushing 400 watts on this baby. Hard, clean hitting sub. I spent about 3 weeks researching subs and talking with the guys at Crutcfield as well as AJRS, they told me this is the one. They were right. I have a Chevy Colorado crew cab and there is very limited space. This sub fits perfectly in the truck and it enhanced the sound quality in my truck. Buy this! Pros: price, power, durability Cons: absolutely nothing....wish I had room for 2 of them 4 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No "Coolness Factor" Build Quality Ease of Use Sound Quality Value 5 out of 5 I love it Written By DM, Albany, NY on Wednesday, September 28, 2011 This is in my trunk in a 0.625cu ft sealed box powered by a JL Audio XD700/5 amp, and suddenly I enjoy listening to my music in my car for the first time. This sub fills up the low end perfectly with normal listening and can really punch when the volume is cranked up. JL hit the sweet spot between price and sound quality here. I highly recommend this sub. 3 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 stunned! Written By lolo, denver, co on Sunday, July 10, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) ok, first off, I wanna say I haven't had a system in my car for about 15 years. I have had leases, so it was out of the question. I am an audiophile, so I don't want to rattle the teeth of fellow drivers on the street. I bought this sub thinking I could just have it installed in the stock sub location, wrong, This thing is a freggin monster! It is so solid, big & well built that I had to have a sealed enclosure built for it. Just a 12x12 sealed cube. When I first got into my car and turned it up, I had to pull over and just close my eyes and listen to the clean, pristine lows coming out of this sub. I got goosebumps and I thought I was gonna cry, it sounded so good. (yes, I'm a dramatic chick) I had forgotten how much I love my music, deep, loud and un-distorted. I'm extremely happy with my purchase & love crutchfield! BTW.. I have a 2005 acura MDX, only one of these is needed for more than enough bass for any type of music. I truly think this sub can handle anything... 13 out of 14 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Good sub Written By RG, Wisconsin on Saturday, April 16, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The sub is in a sealed enclosure with approximately 0.74 CF. I like this sub alot. My goal was to have bass with good response that blended well with high-end components, not to power a block party with my truck. The frequency response could be a little better way down less than 40 Hz, but I think a ported application would have accomplished that, and I just do not have that much room to work with. Otherwise, the construction quality is good on this. I would suggest getting some good sound deadening material. I noticed that it changed the resonance frequency of the metal in my truck, making the cabin actually amplify the bass and reduced annoying rattles. Serious sound deadening is really time consuming but worth it if you are invested in a decent sound system. Toyota Tundra access cab Pioneer 6200BT Rockford T600-4 Polk SR5250 Elemental Designs soundproofing 3 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 AMAZING PRODUCT, very very solid. Written By Soccerdallin, Utah on Monday, February 14, 2011 These Jl Audio subs are a 'no doubt buy.' I installed them today, and wow. My last subs were 'JBL gto1014's, and the specs on the JBL's are pretty good and they can handle quite a lot of watts! I was only hoping these would be a wise purchase. The minute I turned them on, the sound quality hit me right away. Then I turned them up to see if any distortion would kick in....none. It wanted more! I'm running it with a kenwood kac-9105d amp. I have my amp turned up not quite 3/4's and it shakes all mirrors and is heard anywhere in my house, and anywhere on my street. At just 3/4's or so on the amp, they are louder than my old subs. These just put out more volume, all around. Amazing. If you are thinking about getting some rockford P3's or any other type of subs...better change your mind, and get a JL Audio or you'll deny it. No other brand for me. Way to be, JL AUDIO. 9 out of 9 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 WOW! Written By JoeH, Detroit,MI on Thursday, August 26, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This sub is very impressive. I have it set up in a ported box running about 450 watts rms. Sounds absolutely beautiful. This sub will make more noise then most twelves out there if the system is set up well. Highly recommend. Two thumbs up! 10 out of 10 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Amazing!! Written By Ryan, SoCal on Tuesday, August 24, 2010 I went from an Infinity Kappa 10", to this. I could not be more impressed. Both subs ran the same amp, (MTX 7401 4 ohms mono=400 watts) in the same box that I originally built for the Kappa at .75 cubic ft. The JL, well...it's like Ive died & gone to heaven! In the same box, same power, It doesn't bottom out, it doesn't distort below 120 hz. In looking at it, you would think it wouldn't hit as hard, because the surround isn't huge, like all the others on the market. But I promise you, take the time to find the right position, and you will feel plenty!! With all the roads I drive down, with the less than smooth riding suspension I have, I can still "feel" my music plenty. This JL is very versatile too...I listen to mostly rock, (Tool, Hurt, Seether, Metallica, ect..) some country, some '70's & '80's rock, as well as '90's gangsta rap. It produces all perfectly! Some stuff like AC/DC you really have to crank up to hear, but still performs superbly! Once I have the extra funds to set the rest of the system up right, I will be purchasing another one of these to run a pair. I'm very pleased with this product, and if you are looking for quality, in a small package, this is the one for you! It reminds me of the 12" s that were produced in the mid 90's...only better! 5 out of 6 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Amazing sound quality, tight crisp bass, in a sealed box! Written By Jesse, Tucson,az on Friday, October 02, 2009 If sound quality means something to you and you have limited space this is the sub for you. You only need a box the size of a briefcase, and just a bit thicker. This is a sub you can turn up as loud as you want and have great sound quality. If anyone is like me I like to open my doors and crank the stereo at a party or football game, and I dont want the bass sounding like junk at high volumes. I have mine in a sealed box at JL's specs in a VW hatchback and its more than I'll ever need for any kind of music (non competition.) I have to say after putting this sub through the paces of the music I like that has lots of quick sharp bass (like the quick punch of a bass drum,) I was grinning ear to ear! Order and enjoy! 7 out of 7 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 WOW THATS ALL I CAN SAY Written By restala, PHX AZ on Friday, August 28, 2009 WOW!!! THIS THING IS AWESOME AMAZING GREAT EVERY WORD YOU CAN THINK OF AND WORTH THE MONEY IF YOU HAVE IT TO SPEND. I HAVE 1-10 IN THE BACK OF MY 350Z IN THE CUSTOM ENCLOSURE UNDER THE STRUT BAR. THIS THING NOT ONLY HITS BUT IT IS THE CLEAREST CLEANEST SUB I HAVE EVER HEARD. AND I ONLY HAVE IT HOOKED UP TO 200 WATTS RMS BUT MAN I COULDNT IMAGINE MORE, I ONLY WANTED A LIL BASS TO FILL OUT MY SYSTEM, NOTHING TO SHAKE THE NEIGHBORHOOD BUT THIS THING CAN DO THAT IF I WANTED BUT MAN JL IS THE ONLY BRAND FOR ME NOW!!! 8 out of 8 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 JL Audio 10W3v3-4 Written By Seth, Pleasantville,PA on Friday, May 01, 2009 I have one 10W3v3-4 powered by an Alpine MRP-M500 in a ported box built exactly from the dimensions off of JL Audio's website. This sub hits really hard and tight, it has a nice crisp,clean, and clear sound which is what I was looking for. I let a few of my friends listen to it and they were really impressed, a few of them thought it was a 12, you can't go wrong with JL. Very, very impressive, would highly recommend to anyone looking for a sub that has a crisp, clean, clear sound and also wanting nice tight and hard hitting bass. 13 out of 13 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 JL Audio 10W3v3-4 Written By Peter, Miami, FL on Friday, March 06, 2009 Great sub, i have one hooked up to a punch 325.2 amp bridged in a sealed box in the back of my spec v and this little thing thumps. For what it is you can't go wrong, and to only think this sub can take more power I would recomend this sub to any one. JL never lets you down they always make great products. 3 out of 3 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Too loud! Written By Travis, Myrtle Beach, SC on Wednesday, December 17, 2008 I have 2 of these in a ported box running off of a JL 500/v2, and another JL A 4300 speaker amp. All of this... in the back of a jeep wrangler. This thing quakes. Quality 12's, it easily put's to shame, shallow 15's, it also puts to shame. These 2 10's in a ported enclosure are absolutely obnoxious. There's no reason to EVER underestimate this sub, no matter if it's one of the few price-conscious JL subs. 3 out of 4 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Best sub yet Written By John, Nashville, TN on Monday, October 06, 2008 This sub is amazing. I mounted it in a build-it-yourself sealed box and am only pushing 287 watts, yet it sounds much better and louder than my Rockford Fosgate Punch Stage 2 in the Rockford ported enclosure. Plus, the all black cone looks so nice and classy with black carpet on an enclosure. Highly recommend this sub; never going with any other brand but JL Audio from here on out. 4 out of 5 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Awesome subs Written By GUS, Odessa, TX on Thursday, July 24, 2008 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Awesome subwoofers, I purchased two JL 10W3V3-4 and have them wired to a Kicker ZX 750.1. This combo produces hard hitting tight bass in a sealed enclosure for a 2003 Dodge. These subs respond amazingly fast and have excellent clarity. YOU WILL NOT BE DISAPPOINTED! 7 out of 8 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Hits nice, clean, and hard Written By mo, Richmond, VA on Saturday, June 07, 2008 Well I installed this in my 2000 Acura TL in a custom made sealed down firing box and powered with a JL Audio Amp that pushes 200 RMS. Needless to say this thing is sick, you would not expect this much from a 10" sub. You can not go wrong with this sub, I pushed it to its limits and did not even phase it. I highly recommend this sub for all varieties of music. 12 out of 14 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Great Unit Written By Chris, Lima, OH on Friday, May 16, 2008 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This is my first JL product and I am very happy with it. I needed a sub that would take 500 watts RMS and fit in a rather confined space. This did the trick. Sound quality is great and it hits nice and hard too. 4 out of 6 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 5 out of 5 Hard Hitting and Tight Bass Written By Hector, Pasadena, CA on Monday, October 29, 2007 Subs are nothing new for me; however this is my first JL Audio sub. I have had many sub from Kicker to Rockford Fosgate to Bazookas and I can honestly say this is one of the hardest hitting 10" sub I have owned. It is so clean and accurate it is hard to believe that it not a bigger sub, the SPL achieved are insane. I installed one JL Audio 10W3v3-4 in my 97 Isuzu Rodeo powered by new Rockford Fosgate P 300.1 Sub 300 W Amp and when a song hits you feel it! Even with classical music sounds better, you feel the every note. This is a no brainier, for the money you can not go wrong. I am going to purchase two more for my 06 Saab 93. What more can I say. GREAT SUB!!! 92 out of 106 people found this helpful Was this review helpful? Yes | No 2 questions already asked What amp is recommended to power two of these? [ Corbin Dec 24, 2013 ] 1 answer Thanks for your question. For information on selecting the correct amp, I would recommend reaching out to an Advisor by phone or online chat. They will be able to help determine the amps that will work and help you make the best choice for your system and your budget. [ Jeff Staff Dec 26, 2013 ] I'm kind of an idiot when it comes to watts and ohms. I currently have an XD 700/5. Is the 10W3v3-4 an appropriate sub for this amp? [ Brian Dec 24, 2013 ] 1 answer You will want to contact an Advisor by phone or online chat to discuss compatibility with your current system. They will be able to pull up your gear and see if this will integrate well. If it does not, then they will also be able to discuss other options with you. [ Jeff Staff Dec 26, 2013 ] Add accessories for the JL Audio 10W3v3-4 Add Accessories Add a Warranty We've verified that these enclosures are a good match for this subwoofer. See all categories & accessories We've verified that these enclosures are a good match for this subwoofer. Empty Enclosures It's critical to have good wire, and none is included with the sub. Speaker Wire Reduce ambient road noise and your vehicle's "rattles," for better sound inside your car. Sound Deadening Add a grille and keep your sub safe. Subwoofer Grilles These can be useful if you are building a custom box. Build Your Own Subwoofer Box Other Car Stereo Accessories Sound Ordnance Bass Bunker Sealed single 10" subwoofer enclosure (Model BB10-50S) 16 people say Your Price: $59.99 Add to Cart Sound Ordnance Bass Bunker Ported dual 10" subwoofer enclosure (Model BB102-125V) 28 people say Your Price: $79.99 Add to Cart T-Spec 16-gauge Speaker Wire Black/white jacket priced per foot 12 people say Your Price: $0.69 Add to Cart T-Spec 12-gauge Speaker Wire Black/white jacket priced per foot 27 people say Your Price: $1.99 Add to Cart Stinger PRO Series 16-gauge Speaker Wire Black jacket priced per foot 46 people say Your Price: $0.39 Add to Cart Dynamat 19100 License Frame Kit 15 people say Your Price: $14.99 Add to Cart Dynamat Xtreme Wedge Pack 1 sheet, 4 square feet 6 people say Your Price: $39.99 Add to Cart Dynamat SuperLite Tri-Pak Triple package 3 sheets, 12 square feet (Model #10612) 17 people say Your Price: $69.99 Add to Cart Dynamat Xtreme Trunk Kit 5 sheets, 20 square feet 12 people say Your Price: $169.99 Add to Cart Dynamat Dynaliner One 54" x 32" sheet (1/8" thick) 6 people say Your Price: $69.99 Add to Cart JL Audio SGR-10 Grille for 10" WX, W0v2, W1v2, and W3v3 subwoofers 24 people say Your Price: $15.99 Add to Cart Metra Box Carpet Carpet roll (54" x 5 yards) available in 3 colors (Black) Options Black-$39.99 Charcoal-$39.99 Silver-$39.99 Carpet roll (54" x 5 yards) available in 3 colors (Black) Carpet roll (54" x 5 yards) available in 3 colors (Charcoal) Carpet roll (54" x 5 yards) available in 3 colors (Silver) 24 people say Your Price: $39.99 Add to Cart Polyester Fiber Stuffing Make your subwoofer think it's in a bigger box (1-pound pack) 34 people say Your Price: $12.99 Add to Cart Metra Speaker Terminal Round terminal cup with binding post connectors (for do-it-yourself box builders) 13 people say Your Price: $9.99 Add to Cart Corner Protectors 5 people say Your Price: $9.99 Add to Cart Rubber Feet 4 people say Your Price: $5.99 Add to Cart Metra Speaker Terminal Round terminal cup with spring clip connectors (for do-it-yourself box builders) 6 people say Your Price: $3.99 Add to Cart Metra Speaker Terminal Square terminal cup with binding post connectors (for do-it-yourself box builders) 7 people say Your Price: $9.99 Add to Cart Springback Handle 2 people say Your Price: $9.99 Add to Cart Metra Speaker Terminal Square terminal cup with spring clip connectors (for do-it-yourself box builders) 7 people say Your Price: $3.99 Add to Cart Autosound 2000 CD Set 5 Test CDs Your Price: $69.95 Add to Cart Why choose SquareTrade? The #1-Rated Protection Plan Thousands of people have reviewed SquareTrade Protection Plans — and made us #1. 5-Day Service Guarantee & Free Shipping We'll repair or replace your item in five business days or less after we've received it, or your plan is free. And, as always, we pay for all shipping. Protection from Normal, Everyday Use Repairing your average mechanical or electrical failure can cost as much as buying a new device. With SquareTrade, you're covered — including parts and labor. 3 Year Protection Plan Your Price: $41.99 Add to Cart For a more in-depth review and enhanced detailed information on the JL Audio 10W3v3-4, please visit the Crutchfield website product page (/ISEO-rccbcspd/p_13610W3V34/JL-Audio-10W3v3-4.html ). × Front More Photos More Photos More Photos Searches related to the JL Audio 10W3v3-4 W3v3 Series 10" 4-ohm subwoofer JL Audio JL Audio Component Subwoofers Best Component Subwoofers JL Audio 10W3v3-4 reviews JL Audio 10W3v3-4 vs JL Audio 10W0v3-4 JL Audio 10W3v3-4 vs Rockford Fosgate P2D2-15 JL Audio 10W3v3-4 vs Helix Esprit E10W


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France | Europe
What could be more romantic than being married in the very country which invented romance? Medieval castles, fine wines, elegant gardens, art and culture abound. Glorious landscapes from the tree lined Parisian boulevards to the Cote D'Azur to the Alps to lavender fields in Provence make choosing a destination in France difficult.
However, unless you are marrying a French citizen or permanent resident, you must be prepared to take up residence in France for 40 days. Despite the hoopla of celebrity weddings taking place in France, chances are the couple tied the legal knot in their home country and had the religious ceremony in la belle France.
France Travel Info

subset: commoncrawl


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Haven't productized a testing platform? You are running race w concrete shoes: http://t.co/NlLxKWDN by @polyvore
The risk of platform dependency in a startup: How LinkedIn betrayed 5-man startup
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By: Karla Hernandez, forages field specialist at SDSU Extension
Livestock production depends largely on the feeding program; and what you should feed your animals will depend on an analysis of the forage quality. So, what is forage quality? It is the potential of forage to produce the desired animal response. It is measured by six main components: (1) palatability, (2) intake, (3) digestibility, (4) nutrient content, (5) anti-quality factors, and (6) animal performance. As procedures for analyzing forages have improved, knowledge of how to use test results to increase animal efficiency and performance has also improved. Despite these advances, many livestock producers do not recognize the full value of forage quality testing as a management tool.
Why should I test forages for quality? Many scientific studies have shown that the quality of forages fed can have a significant impact on net profit. For example, dairy producers who estimate the crude protein content of their haylage to be 3 percent units lower than it is, and the crude protein content of their corn silage 2 percent units lower than it is, end up feeding more supplemental protein than necessary. Knowing the quality of the forages you are selling or buying is economically wise as well and should been taken in consideration.
How do I collect a forage sample for quality testing?
Samples of Baled Hay:
Samples of Haylage and Silage at Harvest:
Preparing and Storing Collected Samples:
Summary: Proper sampling ensures that the forage analyses accurately reflect the hay, silage, or pasture being sampled. Generally, the better the growing conditions, the higher the forage quality. It is important to follow the steps to obtain a sample of forage in hay or silage, or else inadequate sampling will result in less accurate forage quality data analysis.
View the related publication below for a list of certified laboratories where samples can be sent for forage quality testing.
Related Publication
Feed Testing Laboratories by SDSU Extension
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Narrow your search
The registrar powerhouse lets customers sign up early to use four new Internet domains, early arrivals among hundreds that are coming online.
The Internet's address books just got the first four new generic top-level domains, but they won't go live on the Net until trademark holders get a chance to stake their claims.
Pinterest loses its fight to keep Amazon from controlling the new top-level domain .pin.
The expansion of top-level domains on the Internet will end reliance on the Roman alphabet.
Some top-level job changes are in store for the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers come July 1.
Next week, ICANN opens the Internet up to new domains like .ski, .sexy, and .berlin -- and Fadi Chehade has to handle people unhappy with the change. Also: time for the US to let go of its Net oversight?
So far, 100 registrants can apply for generic top-level domains to expand beyond .com to .all-sorts-of-things, Internet overseer ICANN says.
During the objection period for new generic Top Level Domains, Saudi Arabia launches a multitude of challenges. The domains it has issues with include .wine, .catholic, and .gay.
Two industry groups argue that the retailer's plan to control several generic top-level domains, including .book, .author, and .read, would be anti-competitive.
As Net addresses like .pink, .flights, and .coffee arrive, trademark holders have some new versions of old headaches. Canyon Bicycle prevailed to claim canyon.bike, though.


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Learn More About Working at CBO and the Agency's Career Opportunities
March 25, 2013
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on March 14, 2013
S. 311 would direct the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study to determine the suitability and feasibility of designating specified sites along the Lower Mississippi River in the state of Lousiana as a unit of the National Park System. Based on information provided by the National Park Service and assuming the availability of appropriated funds, CBO estimates that carrying out the proposed study would cost about $400,000 over the next three years. Enacting S. 311 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.
S. 311 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no costs on states, local, or tribal governments.


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Mic Check
Shure Artist Relations narrations from the road
Filtering Posts By: "buddy-guy"
06.11.2014| By Nelson Arreguin|
Corky Siegel's Chamber Blues Records at Shure
Shure's Performance Listening Center (PLC) managed by Dean Giavaras is used internally for a myriad of reasons. Operated by the Product Development Division, Shure associates use it daily to test and evaluate microphones, critical listening, recording, photo shoots, and even band rehearsals. It's our very own private studio. But from …tagsBoston SymphonyBuddy GuyChamber BluesChicago Symphony OrchestraCorky SiegelHowlin' WolfJim SchwallLittle WalterMuddy WatersNew York PhilharmonicSeiji OzawaWillie Dixon
05.09.2014| By Cory Lorentz|
Backstage With Paul: Chicago Blues
When I was a kid, I started listening to Blues music and grew to be a big fan. I always wanted to meet the guys making the music, and getting in this business made that come true. In 1977, I went to a concert at the Auditorium Theater in Chicago and photographed Muddy Waters …
02.21.2014| By Ryan Smith|
The "Buddy" system – an ALL Shure stage.
The storm line was approaching. We'd been checking the radar on our phones, and anytime between 6 and 9 PM, the rain would hit Nashville. That didn't seem to bother this energetic crowd, ready to take in some great blues by the legendary Buddy Guy. Thankfully , I grabbed my …
01.31.2014| By Ryan Smith|
February…Bring it on!
Fresh off our highly sucessful Grammy Awards trip, I'm scanning over the month of February…plenty to keep me busy! See if you can keep up: Two days ago, I conducted a wonderful interview with country artist and Shure endorser Sara Evans. I'll be editing that. She's been a Shure Artist …tagsBrad PaisleyBuddy GuyJonathan DavisJonny LangKeith UrbanKornLeAnn RimesLittle Big TownLuke BryanMercyMeSara EvansSkilletThe Wild Feathers
03.07.2013| By Ryan Smith|
Nashville gets the Blues w/Jonny & Buddy
I never thought I would say "bitter cold" and Nashville in the same sentence. There it is and yes, it was. However, there was a warmth of anticipation in my heart as I headed up the street towards the War Memorial Auditorium in Nashville to catch 2 amazing Blues artists …
10.01.2008| By Allison Wolcott|
On Tour With Shure Fall 2008 Issue
Buddy Guy is the featured artist in this issue, in which editor Cory Lorentz bemoans the current glut of reality shows and gives a shout-out to those talented folks who are still driving the long road to fame, with all its blood, sweat, and tears. View and download the full On Tour With Shure Fall 2008 Issue on shure.com. Check out interviews and pics of the following artists and engineers featured in this issue: Buddy Guy Wilco Bette Midler The Black Keys MercyMe Jesse McCartney Rascal Flatts BarlowGirl DP Thom PanunziotagsBarlowGirlBette MidlerBuddy GuyDPJesse McCartneyMercyMeOn Tour With ShureRascal FlattsThe Black KeysThom PanunzioWilco


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The square format requires a completely different approach in terms of composition. In particular the classical rules of composition cannot really be applied, like the "rule of thirds" or similar. Let's see why this is true and how to improve the composition of square format pictures.
Why did so many important photographers use medium format? Irving Penn and Diane Arbus are only two examples. It cannot be (as we saw in the previous "episodes" of the series) only for a technical property of higher quantify of film used, so that images have more quality. There must be a composition reason. Actually, there are several, that we are going to face.
General Composition of a Square Image
Square frames have a certain equilibrium by their own. There's an implicit design of the image that looks good in square pictures and that is totally missing in rectangular frames.
The rule of thirds is not valid any more. As you can read in one of my older articles (outside of this series), that rule is based on the golden proportion, which relies on a rectangular frame.
With a square format I have the feeling that sometimes putting the subject in the middle is just the right choice, without any other possibility. This is because a square image is easier to "read": in a rectangular image you can read a "story" from left to right, from right to left or from up to down, while in a square there's only a way to view it. The scientific reason of that is because the eye moves in a circle while looking at a square image, without distracting the viewer from the center of composition. It's something more implicit, than conscious.
Portrait Opportunities
Just imagine. On 35mm you take a portrait picture and then you realize that you'd like to change the composition; the problem is that you don't have enough quality to crop the image and the final result would have a too low quality (due to a low surface of film).
So that, in square medium format, you can easily take a portrait picture, put the subject in the middle, and then decide what to do in post-production, in the moment of cropping. You can decide to crop also a rectangular picture from a square frame: this is due to an high surface of film, which gives you the freedom to cut part of the frame, as you like.
The space of film around the subject could be cut as you prefer.
Personally I don't like this hypothesis, but it is one of the possibilities.
I believe in composition BEFORE the post-production.
Disclaimer: We spoke about philosophy, history (ancestors and birth of the project of the Lubitel 166+),tech specs. Inside all the previous article I left some little, but very important, details that will let you easily interpret the next ones. These articles are meant to be read in series, so don't lose the opportunity to go and check the previous episodes.
Alessandro Panelli (aka yo.panic or .panic) is a Medicine and Surgery student, a photographer and a writer from Padova (Italy, near Venice). Read more about Alessandro's work and life in his website or add him on Facebook or Google+.


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Shure Stable Pals Emily and Freckles Magnetic Dress-Ups includes 20 magnetic wooden outfit and horse accessory pieces are included. Magnetic wooden doll and horse are 1/2" thick. Includes solid pine stands and pine "stable" box.
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GelatoHouse™ picked a winning design in their logo design contest
For just $299, they received 113 designs from 25 designers.
From logos and business cards to websites and stationery, you can get anything designed by running your own design contest on 99designs.
New logo wanted for GelatoHouse™
- Qualifying
- The contest was open to all designers
- Selected finalists
- The contest holder selected 6 finalists
- Final round
- Finalists continued to submit designs
- Selected a winner
- The contest holder awarded a winner
Top entries
Design brief
GelatoHouse™ is a high end (green) neighborhood gelato shop catering to the young professional. Organic, natural, local, and unique ingredients not found in most ice cream or gelato. We also serve our own fresh GelatoHouse™ coffee. We also offer Free wi-fi for the young professional.
We will have 4 menus of Gelato:
Spirited (local wine, beer, margarita, etc.)
Seasonal (local pumpkin, peppermint, etc,)
Standard (local chocolate, strawberry, coffee, etc)
Supplemental (local green tea, ginseng, herbs, vitamins, etc)
It might be nice for each menu or product line to be able to have it's own color pallet borrowed from the main GelatoHouse™ Logo.
Food & Drink
None specified
We are a more modern (green) brand appealing to the young professional. We really want to convey the natural aspects of our recipes and ingredients. We will partner with local companies for these ingredients to serve the best and most home grown flavors. Keep in mind that gelato is not a "bright" product like ice cream. There is a variety of colors, but they are more muted colors. See the photos. The gelato will not be served in "cones" like ice cream but rather recycled paper (cardboard) containers. We will also be serving our own brand of coffee to our customers and expect a large number of customers to work in our locaiton using our free wi-fi service.
connecting 884,468 designers with customers seeking design services.
I need something designed I'm a designer


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A misdemeanor is a crime that may be punishable by confinement to a county jail for one year or less. The steps through a misdemeanor case are as follows:
- Initial Appearance: A defendant's (the accused) first appearance in court. At this court appearance, the defendant is informed of the charges and penalties, bail is set and a plea of guilty, not guilty or no contest is usually entered. Usually, the defendant will receive a document showing what sentence the prosecutor will be asking from the Judge. If the defendant desires to plead guilty or no contest, the matter will typically proceed to sentencing at the same hearing. If victims have requested notification a separate sentencing date will be set. If the plea is not guilty, a date for a return date and a date for a trial is set.
- Return date, Pre-Trial or Status Conference: A court hearing set so that the judge can be informed if the matter will be proceeding to trial. If an agreement has been reached, it could become a plea and sentencing hearing.
- Motions: A verbal or written request that asks the judge to decide a legal question made by the prosecutor or by the defendant before, during or after the trial.
- Trial: An official hearing in which either a jury (jury trial) or judge (court trial) hears the facts of the case. Through physical evidence and testimony by witnesses, the prosecutor attempts to prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. If the defendant is found guilty, the judge may sentence the defendant immediately or set the case for a sentencing hearing.
- Plea/Sentencing: A court hearing in which the judge decides how to punish and rehabilitate the defendant. A sentencing hearing follows a plea of guilty or no contest plea, or a finding of guilty by a jury or judge.
- Restitution Hearing: A court hearing held at or after sentencing in which the court determines the amount of restitution which may be ordered for the victim(s). The defendant can dispute either the amount the victim is requesting or the defendant's ability to pay the amount requested. In establishing the amount of restitution to be ordered, the court must determine both the amount the victim is entitled to and the amount the defendant has the ability to pay. Victims will have the obligation of producing documentation and evidence to justify the amount they are requesting and appear at the hearing to support the claim. Victims are entitled to representation at this hearing and may retain counsel if they wish to do so.


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Anonymous asked: I just wanted to let you know that it is really important that there are sources and forums like yours to discuss OCD and it's variations. It's completely hurtful when all I hear about OCD is the germ/counting/organization obsessions, because that's all the media portrays. It was shockingly painful when I told my family that I was diagnosed with OCD. My sister laughed in my face saying "have you seen your room!?". A few months later, my mom referred to it as "my pretend OCD". Awareness please!
That's absolutely disgusting how your family have reacted but at the same time awareness is an issue for this very reason. Have you got some resources together to show them?
Don't worry. This blog is gonna focus on awareness even when it isn't a problem anymore! ;D
Living With Me And My OCD (updated link):
Please follow the link below and vote for Living With Me And My OCD! Claire is working on an amazing documentary exposing OCD for what it really is (including Pure-O themes) and with your votes and support she'll be able to show the trailer during OCD Awareness Week 2012 (in America, Boston)! She totally deserves the support and multiple sufferers with different themes are featured, me included when it comes to the final version. Please also reblog this post to further raise awareness on what OCD is truly like.
http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/QRW67L2 - The link to vote for Living With Me And My OCD (scroll down)!
http://www.facebook.com/LivingWithMeAndMyOcd - The Living With Me And My OCD Facebook page!
http://www.youtube.com/user/LWMAMOCD?feature=mhee - The Living With Me And My OCD YouTube channel, including the trailer!
Anonymous asked: One thing that really annoys me is the stereo type of people with OCD, Like how they always have to be clean and have everything germ free and stuff. Yes, germs bother me and I clean sometimes but I can never really use any more cleaners then like Windex because the chemicals in the cleaners bother me more then the germs do, I'm afraid of inhaling them and being harmed from them. (cont.)
I've replied in part 2. :)
Anonymous asked: (part 2) I don't even like people using them around me. Like if I walk into a room I can always tell if they've been used. I know it sounds really weird because like I said, the OCD stereo type of people always cleaning and stuff. I've been made fun of for being 'afraid of cleaners' but I've always been like this. and Idk I'm sorry if that didn't make sense but I had to get it off my chest.
It makes perfect sense. It's intriguing how diverse OCD can be but then again it's not exactly a good thing when in the midst of a theme.
How are you doing in terms of ERP for this? It'd be great if you could try to use another cleaner. Doing that and realising you're well afterwards would be a great way of calming the anxiety response by tackling your fear directly.
The stereotype is a major issue but the more awareness we raise the more we can combat it!
Anonymous asked: How can you deal with someone in your family who doesn't understand and makes jokes about how much you wash?
I know it's hard and awareness is a major issue, but there are great resources online that explain how serious OCD really is. Look articles up until you find something that hits home then print it off. There's also stuckinadoorway and other great forums where you may find a member describing an identical experience to yours. If you're having therapy, then a counsellor may be able to help explain to the family member in question too.
Try to take the jokes with a pinch of salt. They're not being mean. They simply don't understand. If they really want to though they'll take the time to, trust me. Tolerate where they're not understanding though as otherwise you'll get hurt, and it's very hard to have the level of empathy required for something like this. It takes time and dedication.
Anonymous asked: A lot of people ask me why I like to talk about my OCD, they think that someone who really has OCD wouldn't want to talk about it (which many people don't like talking about it). But I like to talk about it simply because since almost no one has any clue on what it actually is, I want people to know the hell that me and so many other people have to go through. I want them to understand that just cause you're an extremely clean or organized person doesn't mean you have OCD.
Presuming this is your part 2. I've got back to you in part 3.
Anonymous asked: (Part 1) So I have OCD and have been following you for a while. This summer has actually been great and I've only had some minor problems with intrusives and all that. I'm also a really big gamer and I read this article today that made me extremely made. The comments made me really mad to, since everyone way saying that they have OCD cause they have to 100% a game. So many people are misinformed about what OCD really is and this shows it,
I've replied in part 3. :)
Anonymous asked: (Part 3) Sorry, I'm the one who is writing about the article I read and how so many people are misinformed. I think I forgot to write the "Part 2" on the last one I wrote so if there's any confusion there we go haha. But anyways, if you want to read the article then go on the IGN website and go on the OCD article. The article is called "Gaming with obsessive compulsive disorder". You can google it if you cant find it. Thanks for your time man.
I agree with your viewpoint to a T. I love to talk about it because I want to raise awareness and I crave deep conversations too for some reason. I come across quite serious and dark sometimes and I want the true culprit to be mentioned but at the same time it's an advanced defence mechanism that thinks it's protecting us so I try not to get too frustrated even though yesterday I was a wreck haha.
As for the article I'll check it out and probably end up raging. I used to be a major gamer and I still am to an extent (what ones do you play?) with the only reason I'm not one as much these days being a lack of money. For me it was a temporary release from everything going on in my head, and I always felt so much better after they'd helped me to not ruminate extensively.
Great ask. Keep me updated with how you're doing and if I can help with anything feel free to let me know.


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The Council, however, delayed a vote on another proposed district that would raise the property taxes of residents of the Potomac Greens neighborhood to help fund the station.
In the district created by the Council, new developments in the northern end of Potomac Yard would pay an additional 20 cents per $100 of assessed property value, generating about $500,000 a year in new tax revenues, Deputy City Manager Mark Jinks said.
The city is now considering setting up a second tax district that would raise taxes in nearby residential areas, possibly by 10 cents per $100 of assessed value.
Residents of the Potomac Greens neighborhood steadfastly oppose the creation of the second tax district. Neighborhood spokesman Mark Anderson said the city should not be allowed to raise the taxes of existing homeowners and proposed raising taxes citywide to pay for a station that would benefit the entire community.
Council members Alicia Hughes and Frank Fannon have joined the residents in opposing a tax increase on existing homeowners.
"There's a big difference between these existing properties and the new properties that people would be buying in the special tax district," said Fannon. "Everybody that would be buying properties in Potomac Yard knows clearly what the deal is."
The city is considering several alternatives for the disputed district, including lowering the tax rate, redrawing the district lines or simply dropping the district entirely. But if the city truly wants to build the station, it will have to find the additional revenue somewhere locally, Vice Chairman Kerry Donley warned.
"What we in Virginia are quickly finding is that if localities want to make substantial investments in transportation... we're going to have to do it on our own," Donley said.
Officials hope to have a recommendation before the Council and a vote on the second tax district by the end of March.


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NEW! Sleeveless Long Mesh Dress with Corded Lace Style F15749
This item is available in stores and online.*
Simply elegant in design, your bridal party will look exceptional in this long mesh dress!
To protect your dress, try our Non Woven Garment Bag.
A sheer net fabric commonly used on sleeves or necklines.
A sheer net fabric commonly used on sleeves or necklines.
Tight decorative gathers which create flattering pleats in the fabric.
customers bought with this dress
*Color & Style representation may vary by monitor. Not responsible for typographical or pictorial errors. Product availability varies by store and online. Some in-store purchases require special order and markdown styles cannot be special ordered. Contact your local store for details.


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Elomi Caitlyn Side Support Bra - Ink
From their Caitlyn collection, this bra by Elomi is designed to add a little boudoir decadence to your lingerie drawer.
Beautiful lingerie for the fuller figure, this side support bra comes with just that to offer a better quality support for comfort that'll last all day. Perfect for special occasions, the high-shine appeal of the fabric is luxe-to-the-touch making you look and feel like a million dollars! The floral embroidery detail is super flirty, while the rich ink hue is midnight-inspired for a romantic finish.
Wear this bra with the matching Caitlyn briefs by Elomi for a decadent, coordinated lingerie look this season.
Useful info:
- Caitlyn bra by Elomi
- Side support detail
- High shine fabric
- Floral embroidery
Goddess Keira Banded Underwired Bra
Designed for bigger busts, the Keira banded bra by Goddess is available in sizes 36E-46H and offers the best support.
Featuring underwired, satin simplex cups, this bra is ultra supportive keeping you comfortable all day long. The sheer top cup adds a little sultry appeal to your lingerie look, while the side panels help with forward projection. With a leotard back this bra provides great support as well as prevents your straps from slipping for a confident wear.
Match this bra with a sleek pair of black briefs and wear beneath your office outfits as well as your after hours evening wardrobe.
Please hand wash this bra only for best results.
Useful info:
- Keira bra by Goddess
- In sizes 36E-46H
- Underwired
- Sheer top cup and side panel
- Leotard back to prevent strap slippage


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Share your comments
Pinkney, J. Brian.
Children's Fiction PZ8.P573 Th 2003
Pinkney, J. Brian.
Children's Fiction PZ8.P573 Th 2003
Summary: A tiny girl no bigger than a thumb is stolen by a great ugly toad and subsequently has many adventures and makes many animal friends, before finding the perfect mate in a warm and beautiful southern land.
Be the first to add a comment! Share your thoughts about this title. Would you recommend it? Why or why not?
Question about returns, requests or other account details?
Add a Comment
|Submission Guidelines


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PostOP Foodie Review: Burger 7
Yesterday I ventured to Northern Virginia for the upcoming weekend. Last night a friend suggested we check out a Falls Church spot called Burger 7.
My initial thought walking though the door is that I was in a bizzarro world Five Guys. We were met by a rather nice guy behind the register. As I gazed at the menu over the register I saw that one could order a B7 Burger (Burger w/ cheese B7 sauce lettuce and tomato, their trademark) but it sounded a little boring to me so I went with something else. After telling him it was my first time there I went with a "build-your-own-burger", you are also given the option of a single pattie or double. I went with a single cheese burger with pepper jack cheese. Their toppings menu is quite impressive and is probably my favorite part about this place. I topped my cheeseburger with: tomato, raw onion, pickles, mayo, grilled mushrooms, a fried egg (fuck yeah), and turkey bacon. Now before anyone gets the wrong idea I made sure to ask first and yes, turkey bacon is the only kind of "bacon" they offer. I decided to be open minded and got the turkey bacon.
After a brief wait I picked up my burger from the counter. It came wrapped in paper on a metal tray. As you can see from the picture above it sure does look tasty right?
Now folks, I am of the option that there are three crucial bites to any Burger. First bite, money bite, last bite.
First Bite: I chomped down on this sucker. They put the patty and the fried egg on the top of the burger so you're first met with the meat, egg, and cheese. Honestly felt like the patty was a bit dry, maybe over cooked the edge of the egg was crispy and the yolk was raw enough to have it gush out a little bit very tasty in that aspect. The tomato and pickle were the next part I picked up. Nice and fresh with a good crunch. On the bottom was the mushrooms with the turkey bacon and mayo. That's where the problem began.
Turkey Bacon sucks y'all. I think I gave it a fair shot and maybe this place just didn't to it well but my mouth was met with a tough piece of "meat" cracker. It was dry and hard and unpleasant in taste. I'm not making that mistake again. Burger 7 may have ruined turkey bacon for me forever.
Money Bite: We all know what the money bite is. Its that perfect bite right when you get to the middle of the sandwich. Every ingredient is in this bite. perfectly cross-sectioned before your hungry eyes. With the exception of the turkey bacon (which I had removed from my burger after the first bite.
Last Bite: This should go without saying but the last bite is the very last bite. meaning there is nothing left after this point. Gonna be honest I didn't get too far into this burger before I decided to give it up. I ate 75% of it so I had made up my mind. There was no last bite this time. More on why in a moment.
Conclusion: Would I recommend Burger 7 to you? Sure but only if you are curious. I would say its worth a one time try. I personally won't be going out of my way to patronize this establishment. Honestly the burger wasn't very good quality, it was dry and fell apart to pieces as I made my way through it. The toppings were good however, if you're a fan of customization then check out Burger 7. The bun was also a bit disappointing. It felt like to me that it was a potato bun you get out of the grocery story aka not very special. I will say though that my service was good and my order was correct with no mistakes. In the end I feel like Burger 7 is what happens when a place like Five Guys tries too hard and it backfires.
Post Op Foodie give Burger 7 in Falls Church, VA a 4 out of 10.
Burger 7: http://burger7.com/
Next Review: Bobby Flay's "Bobbie's Burger Palace" in Washington D.C.
Note: Future reviews will feature more pictures.
- cccola29 reblogged this from postopfoodie
- postopfoodie posted this


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It is said that politics makes strange bedfellows.
The statement refers to the often-incomprehensible allies that are created simply because a common enemy unites them.
But I think the best example of this statement comes after an election - especially a failed election. That sweetheart candidate who got you so excited about taking as your date to the general election ball becomes the evil ex-girlfriend who everyone knew was so bad for you the whole time.
Mitt Romney has done something that many politicians have failed to do for generations. He has united the two major parties.
After his failed attempt to knock off Barack Obama, Republicans have joined the Democrats in taking shots at him.
Romney hasnÆt helped himself. Since the election, he has doubled down on some campaign gaffes that pushed voters away and proved that he still held firm to the ideas that cost him and his party the election.
Two Republican governors, who also happen to be minorities, have blasted Romney for his post-election comments that minority voters chose Obama because he gave them gifts.
Bobby Jindal of Louisiana cautioned his party in no uncertain terms.
ōWe have to stop being the stupid party,ö he said.
Susana Martinez of New Mexico was far more excited about Romney at the Republican National Convention when she was featured as a speaker. After being used in an attempt to appeal to Hispanic voters, Martinez now says of RomneyÆs comments, ōThat unfortunately is what sets us back as a party, our comments that are not thought through carefully.ö
Marco Rubio also gave a glowing speech about Romney at the RNC and now struggles not to ōrebut him (Romney) point by point.ö
But the best example is Chris Christie, governor of New Jersey.
Christie was thought to have been a top pick for the vice presidential spot on the ticket before Romney chose Paul Ryan.
In RomneyÆs defense, at that point, the election was all about the economy, and Ryan has conservative credentials and is one of the true budget nerds in Congress. You donÆt have to agree with him on ideas, but Ryan knows the line items and has forgotten more about the national budget than most people will ever know.
Sure, unemployment dropped after Ryan became RomneyÆs running mate.
Social issues came to the forefront thanks to several undisciplined and ill-reasoned candidates down the ticket in a few states.
The Todd Akins and Richard Mourdocks of the world became Democratic talking points, and the fact that their staunchly conservative views lined up perfectly with RyanÆs took the budget and economy off the front burner and made Ryan a problem for the ticket rather than a positive. The GOP didnÆt even win RyanÆs home state of Wisconsin.
Page 2 of 2 - Ryan getting picked over Christie became an issue thanks to another circumstance that Romney had no control over - Hurricane/Superstorm Sandy.
When Christie spoke of his appreciation for ObamaÆs help after the storm devastated parts of his state, he was seen as a traitor who was making Obama look presidential.
All of the Republican backlash hasnÆt been reserved for Romney, Christie is taking his fair share from right-wing pundits as well.
The lead headline on The Drudge Report on Monday morning took Christie to task for appearing on ōSaturday Night Liveö while some residents of New Jersey still suffer the effects of the storm.
ōCHRISTIE CLOWNS ON æSNLÆ AS RESIDENTS SUFFERö the headline blares.
It links to a Front Page Mag column about ChristieÆs appearance and how the governor has been more interested in photo ops than fixing problems.
IÆm sure Christie is seen as the floozy who cheated on Romney with another candidate. Strange bedfellows indeed.
Look, these people who are tossing Romney under the campaign bus now were the same ones endorsing him and predicting victory only a few short weeks ago.
They loved him for his 47 percent comments, and no one was calling Romney ōThurston Howell IIIö back then. ItÆs easy to kick a guy when he is down, but the same people who put him on the top of the ticket shouldnÆt be the ones taking him down a notch.
Who would you have preferred to take on Obama in November? Are you longing for the leadership of Herman Cain, Rick Santorum, Newt Gingrich, Rick Perry or Michele Bachmann? Do you not remember how Romney got the job?
He may not have been the best pick, but he was the best you had to choose from.
It is tough to get top candidates to take on an incumbent - even a weak one like Obama. Incumbents have an advantage that wonÆt have to be overcome in 2016.
Lessons do need to be learned from 2012. Hopefully, both parties can field thoughtful candidates who understand what middle-class Americans are dealing with and have a vision to make the country better.
But donÆt blame Romney. He threw his hat in the ring with all of the others.
You picked your horse and he didnÆt win.
I can understand putting him out to pasture but there is nothing to be gained by sending him to the glue factory.
Kent Bush is publisher of the Augusta, Kan., Gazette.


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7601 S Walker Ave
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Join family and friends at Chuck E. Cheese's in Oklahoma City for a fun-filled day. Kids can play exciting video ... read more...
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Sand Springs, OK 74063
Pleasant Valley Farms includes one of the largest pumpkin patches and choose-and-cut tree farms in the state. Over ... read more...
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Celebrate the magic of autumn with a trip to The Maize at Reding Farm in Chickasha and enjoy over 35 acres of cornfield ... read more...
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Frontier Bowl in Cushing is a bowling center boasting fun for the whole family. Twelve lanes located in a spacious ... read more...
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The Crystal Beach Aquatics Center features a large enclosed water slide, large open water slide and plenty of lap lanes. ... read more...
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Lost Creek Safari is just a few miles south of Stillwater. Visitors get a chance to get up close and personal with ... read more...
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Tulsa, OK 74115
Bring the entire family to the Tulsa Zoo, a unique family friendly attraction combining exciting animal encounters ... read more...
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Clinton, OK 73601
For water park fun and excitement year-round, look no further than the Water-Zoo Indoor Water Park in Clinton. ... read more...
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Treat your kids to a cool time at the Westwood Water Park in Norman. This family friendly attraction offers an ... read more...
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The Pauls Valley Water Park is the perfect way to spend a hot summer day. Open seasonally, this huge facility includes ... read more...
1305 W Covell Rd
Edmond, OK 73083
This skate park features ramps and half-pipes for skateboards, bikes, or rollerblades. ... read more...
Leonardo's Discovery Warehouse & Adventure Quest
200 E Maple Ave
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This is a place for fun and adventure that the whole family will enjoy. Leonardo's Discovery Warehouse & ... read more...
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Beat the heat this summer at Splash Zone Water Park in Enid. This park offers something for the whole family, from ... read more...
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Jay, OK 74346
Zena Suri Alpacas, between Grove and Jay in northeastern Oklahoma, offers the chance to see alpacas up close and learn ... read more...
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Edmond's Pelican Bay Aquatic Center is a state-of-the-art municipal leisure pool that is perfect for cooling off on ... read more...
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Soak up some cool, refreshing thrills at Comanche Nation Water Park in Lawton. Enjoy 12 acres of family fun from ... read more...
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During the month of October, the Brown Ranch is transformed into a family-friendly zone where all ages can play, eat and ... read more...
100 W Paul Ave
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Wacker Park has been a recreational spot for families and the town of Pauls Valley since it opened in the 1940s. There ... read more...
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The Chief Drive-In Theatre was built in 1949 and is one of the oldest and last standing drive-ins in the state of ... read more...
101 S Douglas Blvd
Midwest City, OK 73130
Reno Swim & Slide in Midwest City is a large swimming complex for children and families. Spend the day in the sun ... read more...
Email: email@example.com


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The historical background of modern laws of inheritance
Max Kaser, Roman Private Law, 3rd ed. (1980; originally published in German, 10th ed., 1977); W.W. Buckland, A Text-Book of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian, 3rd ed. rev. by Peter Stein (1963, reprinted 1975); Rudolf Hübner, History of Germanic Private Law (1918, reprinted 1968; originally published in German, 2nd ed., 1913); Frederick Pollock and Frederick W. Maitland, History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I, vol. 2, 2nd ed. (1959, reissued 1968); and Sir William Holdsworth, History of English Law, 7th rev. ed. by A.L. Goodhart and H.G. Hanbury, 17 vol. (1956–72).
Discussions and critiques of inheritance
John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy, vol. 1 (1848), available also in many later editions; Lujo Brentano, Alte und neue Feudalität: Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Erbrechtspolitik, 2nd ed. (1924); Josiah Wedgwood, The Economics of Inheritance (1929, reprinted 1971); Sir Josiah Stamp, Some Economic Factors in Modern Life (1929); Friedrich Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1942; originally published in German, 1884); and Karl Renner, The Institutions of Private Law and Their Social Functions (1949, reissued 1976; originally published in German, 1929). Marvin B. Sussman, Judith N. Cates, and David T. Smith, The Family and Inheritance (1970), is a case study culminating in conclusions about testamentary patterns, practices, and effects of inheritance in American society.
The current law of inheritance
Monographic treatises on contemporary inheritance laws are collected in Murad Ferid and Karl Firsching (eds.), Internationales Erbrecht (1955– ), a multivolume publication, loose-leaf for updates and additions, covering, among others, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Great Britain, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, South Africa, Turkey, Hungary, the United States, and Vatican City. Concise digests of the succession laws of all jurisdictions of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and many other countries are published annually in Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory. For the United States, see William Herbert Page, Page on the Law of Wills, rev. ed. by William J. Bowe and Douglas H. Parker, 8 vol. in 9 (1960–65), kept up-to-date by annual supplements; and Max Rheinstein and Mary Ann Glendon, Law of Decedents' Estates (1971), an introduction. For England, see H.S. Theobald, Theobald on Wills, 13th ed. by Stephen Cretney and Gerald Dworkin (1971); D.H. Parry, Parry and Clark on the Law of Succession, 8th ed. by J.B. Clark (1983); W.J. Williams, Williams' Law Relating to Wills, 5th ed. by C.H. Sherrin, R.F.D. Barlow, and R.A. Wallington, 2 vol. (1980); and Williams, Mortimer, and Sunnucks on Executors, Administrators, and Probate: Being the 16th Ed. of Williams on Executors and the 4th Ed. of Mortimer on Probate, by J.H.G. Sunnucks, J.G. Ross Martyn, and K.M. Garnett (1982). For Scotland, see David M. Walker, Principles of Scottish Private Law, 3rd ed., 4 vol. (1982–83).


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Posted Wednesday, May 02, 2012 at 4:07 AM
Can anyone please let me know if it is possible to hperlink text in an engage interaction to another slide in the course. When I tried to hyperlink the text, all I could do was to either hyperlink it to a site, or to another tab/section in the same engage. I tried linking the text to another tab/segment in the same engage interaction, however, the user was able to view that segment when he clicks the next button on the upper right-hand corner. I want the user to be able to view this text only when he clicks the hyperlinked text.
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Posted Wednesday, May 02, 2012 at 4:07 AM
3,842 posts
Posted Wednesday, May 02, 2012 at 6:44 AM
Hi Vineetha,
I just grabbed this from the Engage Documentation. Based on this, I'd say you can't link to a slide.
Hyperlinking & BranchingEngage '09 allows you to add hyperlinks to webpages, pictures, e-mail addresses, or programs. It alsoallows you to link text in your interaction to another step, event, segment, etc. in your interaction.
Posted Thursday, May 03, 2012 at 3:12 AM
Thanks for your help Rebecca.
Posted Thursday, May 03, 2012 at 8:58 AM
My pleasure! We're all here to help each other. Enjoy your day.
3,251 posts
Posted Monday, May 07, 2012 at 1:05 AM
Hi Vineetha -
Becky's right that there isn't a built-in way to link from an Engage slide to a Presenter slide. But there is an unsupported way Dave Moxon posted this neat trick on his blog where you can link to specific slides.
The trick works well, but the only thing to watch out for is when you add or subtract slides from your presentation--that will change the slide numbers you're linking to. Give it a shot and let us know if you have any questions.
Posted Monday, May 07, 2012 at 5:25 AM
Hey, David. I'll have to take a look. Vineetha, tx for asking. Now we'll both know how to do this!
1,764 posts
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text:
This is the time of year when all things seem possible. Take a few moments to really look at your garden. Look at the view from inside the windows and from the driveway as you enter. Then imagine all it could be with some simple changes.
The elements of garden design, like arrangement of paths, planting beds and open spaces, shape your garden. Have you ever noticed how your eye is drawn along a path through the garden? The plantings along the sides serve to frame, but it's the style of the path itself that enhances your experience in the garden.
The materials you choose for a path determine how fast or slow your walk will be. A casual path of gravel or bark chips lends itself to slow meandering around bends in the path. Flagstone pavers set in sand with spaces left between for low growing ground covers are good choices for both major access walks and smaller paths. Be sure to space the stones no further than a comfortable stride apart. Other materials that make good paths are brick, cobbles and pressure-treated lumber.
A curved line or offset sections of paving slows movement inviting you to notice the surroundings. Curves should look as if they are supposed to be there. Place a large plant, rock or sculptural feature at a turning point so that you must walk around the object. Remember, a lightly curved path makes a nice entrance walk or a stroll through the garden, but stick with straight lines for a path to take out the trash or get fire wood.
Walkways should be designed for comfort and accessibility. A walk that leads to your front door should be 4 to 5 feet wide, enough to accommodate two people walking in opposite directions at the same time. Smaller paths, 24 inches wide, are OK for one person to stroll through the garden further out from exits and entrances.
If your garden is small, a tapering path edged with curving flower beds will seem to converge on the horizon, giving the illusion of depth and distance. Plantings of grasses in the beds will create a sense of movement.
You can separate plants and people by designing seating along the walkways. A good spot to place seating is at a fork in the path, or where two types of paving meet another. Any object you can comfortably sit on is a possibility. Besides wood or ornamental iron benches, rocks, tree stumps, seat walls and planters can also double as seating.
The best gardens include focal points other than plants and trees. The art you place in your garden reflects your style as much as the art you have in your home. A ceramic pot placed as a focal point can add drama to your space. A metal sculpture or wall hanging can do the same. The great thing about making a garden is that you don't have to do it all at once. And gardens are easy to alter as your ideas change. A garden is never done.
Creating interest outside a window depends not only on plant choices, but also simple design solutions. Keep the garden simple and restful. Editing some of the plants will make the garden lower maintenance, too. Plants that have overgrown the space need constant pruning. Move them to a better spot.
Limit the number of elements in the garden. Rather than trying to include everything in the garden try for a unified look with the fewest number of things. Make each one count. Place objects to define a space. This doesn't mean creating separate garden rooms necessarily, but more like a set of boulders to signify distinct parts of the garden.
Another tip that makes an area more restful visually is to limit your plant palette. Plants that you can see through make a space seem larger. Some plants like Japanese maple, nandina and dogwood are naturally airy, while other plants like camellia can be pruned for openness. Low growing, mounding ground covers help unify the garden. Plant soothing greenery for year-round appeal with seasonal color from perennials and shrubs.
With a little planning your landscaping can express your own style.
- Jan Nelson, a landscape designer and California certified nursery professional, will answer questions about gardening in the Santa Cruz Mountains. E-mail her at firstname.lastname@example.com, or visit www.jannelsonlandscapedesign.com to view past columns and pictures.


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Media men and women come to Augusta from different time zones from all across the globe. While their ethnicities may be different...their mission is the same...to cover The Masters.
"Certainly early mornings are tough because of the UK is 5 hours ahead," says journalist Jock Howard, from England.
"The main problem is the time difference. We are 16 hours in advance," says journalist Nuria Pastor, from Spain.
Spencer Robinson, who is a journalist from Singapore, says, "It's 12 hour time difference, updating the website, watching the players, trying to get a few quotes and coming back to update stories for the website."
International journalists constantly have to provide updates...sending back video, writing new stories, and updating social media.
"When I first came, in the early 90's, we started working Saturday nights. Now, it's 14-hour days...tweeting, facebooking, updating all the time," says Howard.
Archith Seshadri, reporting: "Because you can't have a cell phone on the course, many journalists have to rely on the old pen and paper method to capture what's happening on the green."
So, whether you're a broadcaster from the BBC or a print journalist from the Times of India, the story will revolve around golf.
"I've watched it on TV so many times, so it felt like I knew it before I even got here," says Robinson.
"I like it. I am used to it after so many here I've been here," says Pastor.
You gotta love all those different accents. Most of the journalists said they're pretty familiar with the American culture and accent. The fleet of foreign journalists know quite a bit about Augusta, including the house renting tradition, the good eating joints nearby, and Southern hospitality. Many of them say covering The Masters is like covering the Olypmics.
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The Graduate Center offers more than thirty doctoral programs in the arts, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, including History.
Learn about the Graduate Center's core faculty,
including Distinguished Professor David Joselit (pictured),
on the Faculty Profiles page.
Through its extensive public programming, the Graduate Center contributes to the intellectual and cultural vitality of New York City.
The Graduate Center has announced its
Doctoral Student Parental Accommodation Policies.
Support for the Graduate Center ensures continued excellence in arts and
sciences graduate education, research, and public programming.
The Office of Compliance and Diversity is responsible for administering the Graduate Center's recruitment, hiring, appointment, and equal opportunity policies and procedures ensuring compliance with related laws, rules, and regulations dealing with human rights. This includes providing the Graduate Center, School of Professional Studies, School of Journalism and Macaulay Honors College communities with training on search procedures and human rights policies, developing and administering the Graduate Center's Affirmative Action Plan, collecting and analyzing employee statistical data, maintaining records and preparing and submitting required internal and external reports, investigating human rights complaints (i.e., sexual harassment, discrimination, etc.), and administering the internal discrimination procedures.
Title IX: Sexual Assault, Stalking and Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence
Title IX Presentation
If you believe you have been a victim of discrimination, please print, fill out and return the Charge of Discrimination. Learn more about the Legal Justifications for Filing a Complaint of Discrimination.
The Office of Compliance and Diversity is available to assist with recruitment (Recruitment Request Form) and retention efforts and provide guidance regarding equal employment opportunity and affirmative action policies and procedures.
For the most recent information regarding the Non Discrimination, Sexual Harassment, and Unlawful Disparate Treatment Discrimination Compliant (Employee Compliant ) Procedures, please follow this link: Polices and Procedures on Non Discrimination and Sexual Harassment.
Graduate Center Diversity Initiatives
CUNY Diversity Initiatives
CUNY Employee Training and Development
Other Employment Resources
Chief Diversity OfficerGraduate CenterOffice of Compliance and Diversity365 Fifth AvenueNew York, NY 10016-4309
Email: email@example.com: (212) 817-7405
Affirmative Action - A process in which employers identify problem areas in the employment of protected class members, set goals and take positive steps to ensure equal employment opportunities of a protected class where they are underrepresented in an organization in relation to their availability in the labor markets from which recruiting occurs.
Affirmative Action Plan - A plan that identifies problem areas in the employment of protected-class members and sets goals and actions to overcome those problems.
Applicant - A person who contacts the University and/or one of the constituent colleges and/or units of the University for jobs. People sending in electronic resumes must meet three criteria to qualify as "applicants": 1) the University has acted to fill a particular position, 2) the person has followed the University's standard procedures for submitting applications/resumes, and 3) the person has indicated an interest in the particular position.
Applicant Pool - Candidates who have applied for a position during the period the position is open.
Availability Analysis - An analysis that identifies the number of protected-class members available to work in the appropriate labor markets in given jobs.
Bias - A tendency or inclination that prevents objectivity.
Business Necessity - A practice necessary for the safe and efficient operation of an organization.
Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ) - Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that employers may discriminate on the basis of sex, religion, or national origin if the characteristic can be justified as a legitimate occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of the business.
Culture - The distinctive body of customs, knowledge, beliefs, and morals, laws, habits, and social institutions that characterize each separate society.
Discrimination - Occurs when individuals having a common characteristic such as age, ancestry, color, disability, national origin, race, religious creed, sex, sexual orientation or veteran status are denied equal privilege or treatment.
Disparate Impact - Disparate impact occurs when employment decisions work to the disadvantage of protected class members, whether or not there is discriminatory intent.
Disparate Treatment - Disparate treatment occurs when protected class members are treated differently from others, whether or not there is discriminatory intent.
Diversity - A broad concept that values all people equally, regardless of their differences.
Due Process - The opportunity for individuals to explain and defend their actions against charges of misconduct or other reasons.
Equal Employment Opportunity - Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) is a broad concept holding that individuals should have equal treatment in all employment-related actions.
Essential Job Functions - The fundamental job duties of the employment position that an individual with a disability holds or desires.
Ethnicity - A group classification in which members share a unique social and cultural heritage passed on from one generation to the next. Involves customs, language, religion, and other cultural factors.
Executive Order - An order issued by the President of the United States to provide direction to government departments on a specific issue or area.
Glass Ceiling - Discriminatory practices that have prevented women and other protected-class members from advancing to executive level positions.
Good Faith Efforts - Actions required by Revised Order No. 4 which is a regulation of the U.S. Department of Labor, enforced by the OFCCP, which sets forth in detail the required contents of affirmative action plans to be developed and maintained by institutions with federal contracts. Good faith efforts show the University's commitment to compliance with the affirmative action plan.
Harassment - Conduct of any nature which has the purpose or effect of interfering unreasonably with an individual's work or academic performance or creates an offensive, hostile, or intimidating working or learning environment.
Person with a Disability - Someone who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits that person in some major life activities, who has a record of such and impairment or who is regarded as having such an impairment.
Personnel Vacancy Notice (PVN)- is the public announcement made by a college for the recruitment to fill a position in an approved classification.
Prejudice - An irrational and negative attitude directed at a group or individual because of physical or cultural characteristics; thinking ill of others without sufficient warrant. Usually the attitude is not well founded and it has a negative cast.
Protected Classes - Protected classes are composed of individuals identified for protection under equal employment laws and regulations. Many of the protected classes historically have been subjected to discrimination. Bases for protection identified by various federal laws are:
* Race, ethnic origin, color (American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Italian American (CUNY Protected Group), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander)
* Gender (women)
* Age (over 40)
* Individuals with disabilities
* Vietnam-era veterans
* Religion
Race - A group of people related by common descent or heredity.
Race/Ethnic Group Definition
American Indian or Alaskan Native (All persons having origins in any of the original peoples of North America and who maintain a cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition.)
Asian or Pacific Islanders (All persons having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands. The areas include, for example, China, Japan, Korea, India, the Philippine Islands, and Samoa.)
Black (not of Hispanic origin) (All persons having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.)
Hispanic Or Latino (All persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.)
White (not of Hispanic origin) (All persons having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East.)
Racism - The discrimination against a person or group solely because of their race. Any political doctrine that claims the superiority of one race over another.
Reasonable Accommodation - A modification or adjustment to a job or work environment that enables a qualified individual with a disability to have equal employment opportunity.
Recruiting - The process of generating a pool of qualified applicants for organizational jobs.
Retaliation - Retaliation is when an employer takes punitive actions against individuals who exercise their legal rights. Employers are prohibited by equal employment opportunity laws from retaliating against individuals who file discrimination complaints or participate in an investigation.
Selection Process - any step, combination of steps or procedures used as a basis for any employment decision, including, but not limited to, interviews, un-scored application forms, paper and pencil tests, performance tests, probationary periods and physical, education and work experience requirements, as well as the decision-making process used in determining whether or not to hire or promote.
Sexual Harassment - Actions that are sexual in nature, are unwanted, and subject the employee/student to adverse employment/learning conditions or create a hostile work/learning environment.
Undue Hardship - Conditions created when making a reasonable accommodation for individuals with disabilities that imposes significant difficulty or expense on an employer.
Underutilization - is having materially fewer minorities or women in a particular unit or job group than reasonable would be expected based on their availability in the local or national labor pool.
Utilization Analysis - An analysis that identifies the number of protected-class members employed and the types of jobs they hold in the organization.
Vacancy - a position which the college has the financial ability and intent to fill, that occurs when
* A line is created for a new position
* An incumbent resigns
* An incumbent is terminated
* An incumbent dies
* An incumbent takes Travia Leave/retires
* An incumbent vacates one position for another
Workforce Diversity Plan - Plan unique to the specific CUNY College that explains how the college developed its diversity strategy and outlines the steps that will be taken to contribute to the success of their goals.
1Terms courtesy of the the Office of Affirmative Action, Equal Opportunity, and Diversity at the University of Rhode Island.