text:
|In other scripts
An interpunct ( · ), also called an interpoint,[1] is a punctuation mark consisting of a dot used for interword separation in ancient Latin script, and in some modern languages as a stand-alone sign inside a word. It is present in Unicode as code point U+00B7 · middle dot (HTML:
The dot is vertically centered, e.g. "DONA·EIS·REQVIEM", and is therefore also called a middle dot or centered dot (Commonwealth: centred dot). In addition to the round dot form, inscriptions sometimes use a small equilateral triangle for the interpunct, pointing either up or down. Such triangles can be found on inscriptions on buildings in the twentieth century. Ancient Greek, by contrast, had not developed interpuncts; all the letters ran together. The use of spaces for word separation did not appear until much later, some time between 600 and 800 AD.
The multiplication dot (U+2219 ∙ bullet operator (HTML:
∙) or U+22C5 ⋅ dot operator (HTML:
⋅), whose glyphs are similar or identical to the interpunct's) is a multiplication sign (instead of the × often used in English-speaking countries): "a multiplied by b" is written either as a⋅b or using juxtaposition as ab, depending on context. It also discriminates the scalar product (a ⋅ b) from the vector cross product (a × b) or exterior product (a ∧ b) in vector multiplication. As a multiplication operator, it is one of the standard stylings (the other being simply a space) of symbols for compound units such as the newton metre (N∙m or N m). (Although many word processing users use interpunct or the bullet as in a bulleted list (•) (U+2022 • bullet (HTML:
•)), U+22C5 is the character with semantic intention of multiplication.).
- 1 In written language
- 2 In mathematics and science
- 3 Keyboard input
- 4 Similar symbols
- 5 See also
- 6 References
In written language[edit]
Various dictionaries often use the interpunct (in this context, sometimes called hyphenation point) to indicate syllabification within a word with multiple syllables.[2]
British English[edit]
In British typography, an interpunct is sometimes called a space dot. Traditionally it has been primarily used as a decimal point, e.g. 3·14 as opposed to the SI formats 3.14 and 3,14, but this usage is less common in typography than in handwritten text, as a full stop (period) is easier to type.
In British publications up to the mid-1970s, especially scientific and mathematical texts, the decimal point was commonly typeset as a middle dot. When the British currency was decimalized in 1971, the official advice issued was to write decimal amounts with a raised point (thus: £21·48) and to use a decimal point "on the line" only when typesetting constraints made it unavoidable. The widespread introduction of electronic typewriters and calculators (many of which were manufactured and imported from places like Japan and the United States) soon afterwards was probably a major factor contributing to the decline of the raised decimal point, although it can still sometimes be encountered in academic circles (e.g., Cambridge University History Faculty Style Guide 2010[3]) and its use is still enforced by some UK-based academic journals such as The Lancet.[4]
In the Shavian alphabet of English, the middle dot is used before a word to denote it as a proper noun.
In Catalan, the punt volat (literally, "flown dot") is used between two 〈l〉 (thus: 〈l·l〉) in cases where each belongs to a separate syllable (e.g. cel·la, 'cell'). This is to distinguish the true "double-l" pronunciation [ɫː] from that of the letter-combination 〈ll〉 (without a dot) which in Catalan stands for [ʎ] (e.g. cella, 'eyebrow').
In orthographic descriptions, 〈l·l〉 is called ela geminada ("geminate l") and 〈ll〉 doble ela. A period or a hyphen is frequently used when a middle dot is unavailable: col.lecció or col-lecció. This is nonetheless considered a misspelling. Unicode has unique code points for the letters 〈Ŀ〉 (U+013F) and 〈ŀ〉 (U+0140), but they are compatibility characters and are not frequently used nor recommended.[5] The preferred Unicode representation is 〈l·〉 (U+006C + U+00B7). The use of the 〈•〉 bullet (U+2022,
•) is strongly discouraged on aesthetic grounds.
In Medieval Catalan the symbol 〈·〉 was sometimes used to note certain elisions, much like the modern apostrophe (see Occitan below).
There is no separate keyboard layout for Catalan; punt volat can be typed using Shift-3 in the Spanish (Spain) layout.
The Chinese language sometimes uses the interpunct (called the partition sign) to separate the given name and the family name of non-Chinese, or unsinicized or desinicized minority ethnic groups in China, for example, 威廉·莎士比亚 (Wēilián·Shāshìbǐyǎ)[6] is the transliteration of "William Shakespeare", and the partition sign is inserted in between the characters signifying the sound of "William" and those for "Shakespeare". In Taiwan the Unicode code point U+2027, Hyphenation Point, is recommended by government as a fullwidth punctuation to separate the given name and the family name of non-Chinese.[7] Therefore 威廉‧莎士比亞 is the transliteration of "William Shakespeare" (traditional Chinese). The Chinese partition sign is also used to separate book title and chapter title when they are mentioned consecutively (with book title first, then chapter).
In Chinese, the middle dot is also fullwidth in printed matter, but the regular middle dot (·) is used in computer input, which is then rendered as fullwidth in Chinese-language fonts. Note that while some fonts may render the Japanese katakana middle dot as a square under great magnification, this is not a defining property of the middle dot that is used in China or Japan.
Swedish sinologist Bernhard Karlgren used a middle dot to represent the glottal stop in his reconstruction of medieval Chinese.
See also proper name mark.
Taiwanese Minnan[edit]
In Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Taiwanese Hokkien, middle dot is often used as a workaround for dot above right diacritic because most early encoding systems did not support this diacritic. This is now encoded as U+0358 ͘ combining dot above right (see o͘). Unicode did not support this diacritic until June 2004. Newer fonts often support it natively; however, the practice of using middle dot still exists. Historically, it was derived in the late 19th century from an older barred-o with curly tail as an adaptation to the typewriter.
In Franco-Provençal (or Arpitan), the interpunct is used in order to distinguish the following graphemes:
- ch·, pronounced [ʃ], versus ch, pronounced [ts]
- j·, pronounced [ʒ], versus j, pronounced [dz]
- g· before e, i, pronounced [ʒ], versus g before e, i, pronounced [dz]
The Greek ánō stigmē or ánō teleía (άνω στιγμή/άνω τελεία, lit. "upper dot") is a punctuation mark equivalent to the semicolon and is often incorrectly expressed as a middle dot; Unicode provides a unique code point: U+0387 · greek ano teleia.[8][9]
The Gǝˁǝz (Ethiopic) language uses an interpunct of two vertically aligned dots, like a colon, but with larger dots. An example is ገድለ፡ወለተ፡ጴጥሮስ.
Interpuncts are often used to separate transcribed foreign words written in katakana. For example, "Can't Buy Me Love" becomes 「キャント・バイ・ミー・ラヴ」 (Kyanto·bai·mī·ravu). A middle dot is also sometimes used to separate lists in Japanese instead of the Japanese comma ("、" known as tōten). Dictionaries and grammar lessons in Japanese sometimes also use a similar symbol to separate a verb suffix from its root.
However, the Japanese writing system usually does not use space or punctuation to separate words (though the mixing of katakana, kanji, and hiragana gives some indication of word boundary).
In Japanese typography, there exist two Unicode code points:
- U+30FB ・ katakana middle dot, with a fixed width that is the same as most kana characters, known as fullwidth.
- U+FF65 ・ halfwidth katakana middle dot
The interpunct also has a number of other uses in Japanese, including the following: to separate titles, names and positions: 課長補佐・鈴木 (Assistant Section Head · Suzuki); as a decimal point when writing numbers in kanji: 三・一四一五九二 (3.141 592); and in place of hyphens, dashes and colons when writing vertically.
Interpuncts are used in written Korean to denote a list of two or more words, more or less in the same way a slash (/) is used to juxtapose words in many other languages. In this role it also functions in a similar way to the English en dash, as in 미·소관계, "American–Soviet relations". The use of interpuncts has declined in years of digital typography and especially in place of slashes, but, in the strictest sense, a slash cannot replace a middle dot in Korean typography.
U+318D ㆍ hangul letter araea (아래아) is used more than a middle dot when a interpunct is to be used in Korean typography, though araea is not a punctuation symbol but an obsolete Hangul Jamo, because araea is full-width letter so that it looks better than middle dot between Hangul and it is drawn like middle dot in Windows default Korean font such as Batang.
The dot called interpunct was regularly used in classical Latin to separate words. It often took the shape of a triangle, point down, and sometimes of a mid-line comma. It fell out of use circa 200 CE, and Latin was written scripta continua for several centuries.
In Occitan, especially in the Gascon dialect, the interpunct (punt interior, literally, "inner dot", or ponch naut for "high / upper point") is used to distinguish the following graphemes:
- s·h, pronounced [s.h], versus sh, pronounced [ʃ], for example, in des·har 'to undo' vs deishar 'to leave'
- n·h, pronounced [n.h], versus nh, pronounced [ɲ], for example in in·hèrn 'hell' vs vinha 'vineyard'
Although it is considered to be a spelling error, a period is frequently used when a middle dot is unavailable: des.har, in.hèrn, which is the case for French keyboard layout.
In Old Occitan, the symbol · was sometimes used to denote certain elisions, much like the modern apostrophe, the only difference being that the word that gets to be elided is always placed after the interpunct, the word before ending either in a vowel sound or the letter n:
- que·l (que lo, that the) versus qu'el (that he)
- From Bertran de Born's Ab joi mou lo vers e·l comens (translated by James H. Donalson):
Bela Domna·l vostre cors gens
Domna·l [ˈdonnal] = Domna, lo ("Lady, the": singular definite article)
O pretty lady, all your grace
Old Irish[edit]
In many linguistic works discussing Old Irish (but not in actual Old Irish manuscripts), the interpunct is used to separate a pretonic preverbal element from the stressed syllable of the verb, e.g. do·beir "says". It is also used in citing the verb forms used after such preverbal elements (the prototonic forms), e.g. ·beir "carries", to distinguish them from forms used without preverbs, e.g. beirid "carries".[10] In other works, the hyphen (do-beir, -beir) or colon (do:beir, :beir) may be used for this purpose.
Runic texts use either an interpunct-like or a colon-like punctuation mark to separate words. There are two Unicode characters dedicated for this: U+16EB ᛫ runic single punctuation and U+16EC ᛬ runic multiple punctuation.
In mathematics and science[edit]
In SI units the middle dot or non-breaking space is used as a multiplication sign. Only a comma or full stop (period) may be used as a decimal marker.
In mathematics, a small middle dot can be used to represent product; for example, x ∙ y for the product of x and y. When dealing with scalars, it is interchangeable with the multiplication sign: x ⋅ y means the same thing as x × y, but × is easily confused with the letter x. However, when dealing with vectors, the dot product is distinct from the cross product. This usage has its own designated code point in Unicode, U+2219 (∙), called the "bullet operator".[citation needed] It is also sometimes used to denote the "AND" relationship in formal logic, due to the relationship between these two operations. In situations where the interpunct is used as a decimal point (as noted above, by many mathematics teachers in some countries[weasel words]), then the multiplication sign used is usually a full stop (period), not an interpunct.
In computing, the middle dot is usually used to indicate white space in various software applications such as word processing, graphic design, web layout, desktop publishing or software development programs. In some word processors, interpuncts are used to denote not only hard space or space characters, but also sometimes used to indicate a space when put in paragraph format to show indentations and spaces. This allows the user to see where white space is located in the document and what sizes of white space are used, since normally white space is invisible so tabs, spaces, non-breaking spaces and such are indistinguishable from one another.
In chemistry, the middle dot is used to separate the parts of formulas of addition compounds, mixture salts or solvates (mostly hydrates), such as of copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate, CuSO4 · 5H2O.
Keyboard input[edit]
On computers, the interpunct may be available through various key combinations, depending on the operating system and the keyboard layout. Assuming a QWERTY keyboard layout: on OS X, an interpunct can be entered by pressing ⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+9 (or ⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+. on the Norwegian and Swedish keyboard layouts and ⌥ Opt+. on the Danish keyboard layout); in the X Window System, it can be input by pressing AltGr+.; on the GNU/Linux OS Ubuntu, it can be inserted by pressing Ctrl+⇧ Shift+U and then typing 00b7 (the Unicode number for the interpunct) or via the Compose key sequence AltGr+⇧ Shift+^+.; on Microsoft Windows, it can be inserted by pressing Alt+0183 (on the numeric keypad).
Similar symbols[edit]
|Character Entity
|Numeric Entity
|Unicode Code Point
|U+00B7 middle dot
|U+0387 greek ano teleia
|Greek ánō stigmē
|U+05BC hebrew point dagesh or mappiq
|Hebrew point dagesh or mapiq
|U+16EB runic single punctuation
|Runic punctuation
|U+2022 bullet
|bullet, often used to mark list items
|U+2027 hyphenation point
|hyphenation point (dictionaries)
|U+2218 ring operator
|ring operator (mathematics)
|U+2219 bullet operator
|bullet operator (mathematics)
|U+22C5 dot operator
\centerdot, \cdot, \cdotp
|dot operator (mathematics)
|U+25E6 white bullet
|hollow bullet
|U+2981 z notation spot
|symbol used by the Z notation[12]
|U+2E30 ring point
|Avestan punctuation mark
|U+2E31 word separator middle dot
|Word separator (Avestan and other scripts)
|U+30FB katakana middle dot
|fullwidth katakana middle dot
|U+FF65 halfwidth katakana middle dot
|halfwidth katakana middle dot
|U+10101 aegean word separator dot
|Word separator for Aegean scripts[13] (Linear A and Linear B)
Characters in the Symbol column above may not render correctly in all browsers.
See also[edit]
- ^ "Catich, Edward. ''The Origin of the Serif: Brush Writing and Roman Letters.'' Des Moines, Iowa: Saint Ambrose University Catich Gallery, 1991". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ Yet there is also a separate Unicode character with the name hyphenation point, code point U+2027.
- ^ "Cambridge University History Faculty Style Guide 2010". Retrieved 2014-01-12.
- ^ "Artwork Guidelines for the Lancet" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-01-16.
- ^ Unicode Latin Extended A code chart p.13
- ^ 威廉·莎士比亚 — Google Translate (text to speech).
- ^ "CNS11643 中文全字庫-字碼查詢與下載" (in (Chinese)). Cns11643.gov.tw. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
- ^ "Thesaurus Linguae Graecae". www.tlg.uci.edu. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ Unicode Greek code chart, pp. 34, 36
- ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1946/1980). A Grammar of Old Irish. trans. D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. p. 25. ISBN 1-85500-161-6.
- ^ Scott Pakin (2009-11-09). "The Comprehensive LATEX Symbol List" (PDF) (in English). Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ Jonathan P. Bowen. "Glossary of Z notation" (in English). University of Reading (UK).
- ^ Deborah Anderson, Michael Everson (2001-10-03). "N2378: Final proposal to encode Aegean scripts in the UCS" (PDF, 0,15 MB) (in English). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Interpuncts.


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Part 2 of episode 250 was a wild ride! Our friends, including Caitlin Johansen from Core Security, Bill and Trent from i-hacked, and Dave "I give big hugs" Kennedy join us to reflect on the past 250 epsiodes of PaulDotCom:
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Nuclear Survival
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What would you do if a nuclear bomb broke out? Panic? Run? Stock up on baked beans? Tell the hottest girl you know it's her last chance?
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Tags: survival nuclear, nuclear survival, nuclear, nuclear survival guide, nuclear app on tablet, nuclear war survival, survival, bio nuclear warfare, imagenes nuclear, nuclear survival apps.
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It's informative but bare. Shows promise, just needs more info.


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Trail Community Focus Trail: Church EndThis trail, an exploration of Church End in North London, is the third from the My Life, Our Heritage project to be featured on the London City Heritage Guide.09 March 2005
Preview Cutting Edge: contemporary paper art at Mottisfont Abbey in RomseyGothic houses, autumn leaves and the human genome inspire some of the contemporary paper art at Mottisfont from artists including Rob Ryan, Ed Kluz and John Dilnot.16 November 2011
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Trail The Great North East: Escomb Church in Bishop AucklandThe first in a series of articles exploring the history and heritage of County Durham looks at Escombe Church in Bishop Auckland.15 October 2004
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Core Spirit and Function in Confucianism from the Perspective of Soft Power of Chinese Culture
The core spirit of Confucianism can be summarized as "virtue as the foundation, group as the importance and harmony as the quintessence" from the perspective of enhancing soft power of Chinese culture. The three elements are neither parallel nor primary-secondary but trine and synthesis of them represents the essence of the Confucian culture which not only plays the role in condensation, but also displays Chinese cultural unique characteristics, deep roots and universal value. These spiritual resources should be paid full attention in the process of constructing soft power of Chinese culture today.
Key words: Confucianism; Virtue; Group; Harmony; Soft power of culture
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JIA, Haitao (2008). Soft Power of Culture: Concepts Investigation and Theories Exploration. Red Flag Manuscript, (3), 33-35.
YANG, Bojun (1980). Annotation on the Analects of Confucius. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
YANG, Bojun (2000). Translation and Annotation on Mencius. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
YANG, Bowei (2011). A Survey on "Soft Power of Culture" in China. Chinese Culture Research, (2), 195-202.
YU, Xintian (2007). Mark Year of Constructing Soft Power. Foreign Affairs Review, (6), 9-12.
ZHANG, Jue (2006). Annotation on Hsun Tzu. Changsha: Yuelu Press.
ZHU, Xi (1998). Translation on the Four Books. Xi'an: Sanqin Press.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968%2Fj.ccc.1923670020120806.ZR0006
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Alternative Dosing Strategy of Ruxolitinib in Patients With Myelofibrosis
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an alternative dosing strategy of ruxolitinib in subjects with primary myelofibrosis (PMF), post-polycythemia vera-myelofibrosis (PPV-MF) and post essential thrombocythemia-myelofibrosis (PET-MF).
Primary Myelofibrosis
Post-Polycythemia Vera Myelofibrosis
Post-Essential Thrombocythemia Myelofibrosis
Drug: Ruxolitinib
Phase 2
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Non-Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|An Open-label Assessment of an Alternative Dosing Strategy of Ruxolitinib in Patients With Primary Myelofibrosis, Post-polycythemia Vera Myelofibrosis, and Post-essential Thrombocythemia Myelofibrosis
- Mean % change in spleen volume as measured by MRI [ Time Frame: Baseline to Week 24 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Assessment of safety and tolerability [ Time Frame: Baseline to Week 24 ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
- Mean % change in Total Symptom Score as measured by the modified MFSAF v2.0 diary at Week 24 compared to Baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline to Week 24 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Proportion of subjects with ≥ 35% reduction in spleen volume at Week 24 compared to Baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline to Week 24 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
|Study Start Date:
|September 2011
|Study Completion Date:
|April 2013
|Primary Completion Date:
|March 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
|Experimental: Ruxolitinib
Drug: Ruxolitinib
Initial starting dose - 10mg bid Maximum dose - 20mg bid Dose may be increased at pre-specified intervals based on evaluation of safety and efficacy parameters
Other Names:
Detailed Description:
This study was designed to explore a new dosing approach. Subjects began dosing at 10 mg bid and had the opportunity for dose increases based on assessments of efficacy and overall anemia status in a defined prior dosing interval. The dose could be increased up to a maximum dose of 20 mg bid. This approach assumes that beginning at a low dose for initial therapy may impact the rate of the initial hemoglobin decline and the nadir, by decreasing the level of JAK-mediated inhibition of hematopoiesis. Specific dose modifications were described to minimize excursions of hemoglobin levels into the Grade 3 or Grade 4 range.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older
|Genders Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosis of Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF), Post-Polycythemia Vera Myelofibrosis (PPV-MF), or Post-Essential Thrombocythemia Myelofibrosis (PET-MF) as confirmed by bone marrow biopsy.
- Must score at least 2 points on the Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS) scale for prognostic risk factors.
- Peripheral blast count < 5% at both Screening and Baseline hematology assessments.
- Must discontinue all drugs used to treat underlying myelofibrosis (MF) disease no later than Day -1 (the day prior to starting ruxolitinib).
- Must have hemoglobin value ≥ 6.5 g/dL and be willing to receive blood transfusions.
- Platelet count ≥ 100*10^9/L.
- Must have a palpable spleen.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Inadequate liver or bone marrow reserves, end stage renal disease on dialysis, clinically significant concurrent infections requiring therapy, or unstable cardiac function.
- Invasive malignancies over the previous 5 years (except treated early stage carcinomas of the skin, completely resected intraepithelial carcinoma of the cervix, and completely resected papillary thyroid and follicular thyroid cancers).
- Splenic irradiation within 6 months prior to receiving the first dose of study medication.
- Life expectancy less than 6 months.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01445769
|United States, California
|Highland, California, United States
|La Jolla, California, United States
|Los Angeles, California, United States
|United States, Florida
|Jacksonville, Florida, United States
|Orange City, Florida, United States
|Winter Park, Florida, United States
|United States, Georgia
|Atlanta, Georgia, United States
|Augusta, Georgia, United States
|United States, Iowa
|Iowa City, Iowa, United States
|United States, Maryland
|Baltimore, Maryland, United States
|United States, Michigan
|Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
|Southfield, Michigan, United States
|United States, New Jersey
|Morristown, New Jersey, United States
|United States, New York
|Armonk, New York, United States
|United States, North Carolina
|Hickory, North Carolina, United States
|United States, Ohio
|Canton, Ohio, United States
|United States, Pennsylvania
|Hazelton, Pennsylvania, United States
|Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
|United States, South Carolina
|Charleston, South Carolina, United States
|United States, South Dakota
|Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
|United States, Texas
|San Antonio, Texas, United States
|Study Director:
|William V Williams, MD
|Incyte Corporation
No publications provided
|Responsible Party:
|Incyte Corporation
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01445769 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|September 23, 2011
|Last Updated:
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text:
Is Frugality a Necessary Evil?
Published on - December 4th, 2009 (by J.D. Roth)
In the comments on a recent post about peer pressure, I mentioned a quote that I'd edited from the original draft. (I write a lot of stuff that doesn't make it into final articles. It's as if there should be "bonus features" for GRS, like on DVDs.)
Anyhow, I re-read John T. Reed's Succeeding recently, and was struck by this passage, which does an excellent job of encapsulating my current philosophy on frugality. Reed writes:
[Frugality] is a necessary evil early in your adult life — like getting an education. Most people are never frugal and, as a result, never rich either. A few people are rich as a result of frugality, but they never stop being frugal, so what's the point? They live like poor people their whole lives.
The correct approach is to start out frugal when you first go out on your own, then gradually shift to an enjoy-life mode where you live up to your means.
Note that Reed never says to live beyond your means. You live below them until you're established. Once things are running smoothly, it's okay to spend on the things and experiences that make you happy.
I'm reminded of my own love of comic books. I used to buy comics, even when I couldn't afford them. I went into debt and was unhappy. As I worked to overcome my debt, I cut my comic book habit. Now that I'm out of debt and building wealth, I've allowed myself to begin buying comic books again. This makes me happy — and as long as I'm not spending beyond my means, everything's okay.
What do you think? Is frugality a means to an end? Or is it an end in and of itself? Is frugality a necessary evil — or is it a way of life?
Note: By coincidence, Trent at The Simple Dollar just posted an article breaking down the numbers on why frugality works. And just to be clear: I think frugality is an important part of personal finance, not matter which stage you're in. But as I'll discuss on Monday, balance is important.
It's definitely a way of life to me, but I could see myself moving away from that in the future. I would definitely "grow into" the ability to spend more and not worry about saving every little penny here and there.
But I still think it's a mindset: it's kind of like being funny. You are or you aren't.
It's about happiness. If money in the bank makes you happy, or the things you might spend money on don't make you happy, then frugality isn't an evil.
To me, a certain degree of a frugality is a way of life. Ramit's "cut costs mercilessly on things you don't care about" sums it up well. If something isn't important to you, then it makes sense to me to cut the related costs as much as possible, no matter how wealthy you are.
That said, when you're young (or in debt at any age), then there's certainly a need for frugality even on the things you do care about. And that frugality, IMO, is what tends to become less necessary as you build wealth/income.
I don't think you "stop" being frugal if you're spending is within your means and you're hitting your long range goals. I tend to think that you reach a point of saturation. You've got the house, the cars, the furniture, etc. for the most part, especially if you've been careful in your purchases. Also, hopefully you're earning a lot more if your career has advanced. So you've reached a point of stability and can now direct additional funds to those things you enjoy, which was the whole point in the first place. I think the biggest problem for most people who treat frugality as an "evil" or something they're "tired of" is they've never learned to curb their appetites. That can be really hard to do, especially if you've always lived a certain way and a sudden job loss or cut in pay hits you. A lot of folks are "frugal" at their current salaries, its when bad things happen that they can't or won't adjust and that's when it hits the fan. I think it's a lot easier to be frugal when things are stable in your life.
Frugality isn't necessary at all.
Having the right SYSTEM and work ethic is. All you have to do is make more than you earn, and you'll be rich, some day.
It's so simple, I don't know we ever question it. Seriously.
Besides, why be frugal when it's a raging bull market? Some of you just bailed out Bank of America again with $19 billion in funds to pay back TARP, so they can pay themselves BILLIONS in bonuses right before the year end!
For heaven's sake, getting an education isn't a necessary evil. Having a job is a necessary evil.
Frugality is a means to the end of financial security, which is merely a means to the end of being happy and fulfilling your calling in life.
I think this is a false choice.
That said, to answer the question directly – for me, it's a way of life. I don't want to buy into consumerism and frugality fits that.
I have a somewhat different take on this. I think that in the U.S. we have inflated expectations, and feel sorry for ourselves too easily. A little-known fact is that happiness peaked in the U.S. at a time of much less affluence than now: http://www.diamondcutlife.org/the-peak-of-happiness-and-its-causes/
Our 'frugal' is much of the world's 'affluent', and moreover, the earth's resources are limited. In short, I don't see frugality as a necessary evil. I suggest that putting people ahead of 'stuff' and money, and using resources carefully and thoughtfully are the right way to live whatever our incomes are. I also think we should take to heart some of the recent GRS posts on gratitude, giving back and passing our blessings on to others.
I find that in some areas, frugality is simply trading your time for money. When you're young and on the lower side of the income scale, you need the money more than the time. So you eat in instead of out, clean your house and do yard work instead of hiring a service to do it, DIY repairs, etc. As you get older and your income increases, you need time more than money and so you can outsource certain tasks in accordance with your income.
Consumerism aside, of course… I'm only speaking of the aspects of frugality that are time/money tradeoffs.
Being frugal is certainly a means to an end, but if frugality is achieved in a practical way, it doesn't necessarily ever need to come to an end. While it's certainly true that those with a lower disposable income have a greater need to live in a frugal way to avoid overspending and incurring debt, those with larger incomes can benefit too. Simply, the best approach to frugality is to do a little bit of research to find simple ways to enjoy the same quality of life for less money and to implement them early on and stick with them. For all but the highest income earners among us, some level of frugality will always be necessary.
We've always been frugal. It's a way of life. On a 110,000 combined income we eat out maybe twice a month. We do all our own home maintenance, cleaning, yard work, and remodeling projects. 2 years ago we took the first vacation we had taken in over 10 years. We've been saving 20-30% of our gross income ever since we paid off our house (after 5 1/2 years) 15 years ago. We would like to start loosening up a bit and to this end we consulted a financial planner recently to see if we're in line to retire in about 10 years. Unfortunately, even though we rank in the upper 10% of our age and income group in net worth, we're being told that we need to "step up our saving" if we want to retire with 80% of our current income. We're starting to wonder, "What's the point?" Why don't we just spend like most people do and not worry about the future at all? We're very frustrated at this point. Frugality is not all it's cracked up to be.
It depends on your definition of frugal, doesn't it? If frugal means watching every penny, all of the time, then it is a necessary evil.
But if frugal means planning out your purchases and being thoughtful with your money, then it is a way of life – one that most of us need to embrace.
Frugal, defined by dictionary.com is "economical in use or expenditure; prudently saving or sparing; not wasteful." Being wise with your money should never stop. People think of frugaity as spending nothing, but it reay spending thoughtfully
I agree with Abby@12. It probably depends on your interpretation of the word. If you think of frugal as negative then it's an "evil" but if your reflection of being frugal is positive then it probably feels pretty good to be that way. I think some people see frugality as being miserly which is a word very close to misery.
There are some aspects of frugality that are necessary evils. Living with roommates. Taking the bus, if you live in a place where the buses only run every 30 minutes and stop by 8:00 p.m. Never going out to eat.
But even if you get to a point in your life where you can buy a boat, or you can blow $2000 on a new computer without batting an eyelash, it's always worth considering whether you're getting real value out of what you buy, whether your purchases are part of the life you want to live or just a way to keep up with the Joneses.
Frugality is a tool, as some have suggested. BUT! What to do when you've "arrived"? We have friends with tremendous income and assets, whose children have almost never had to think about the cost of things – and now the family is stuck in a cycle of parents providing everything for the kids. Strangely enough, the parents always 'feel' broke and the kids complain about being poor.
I think frugality, even when not required (or maybe especially when not required) by circumstances, gives you choices. Choices about giving to others, about taking time off or traveling, even about the type of job you can accept. The ability to make choices is my definition of wealth.
Frugality is a way of life for me. Partly because it's necessary, and partly because I feel that it's the smart thing. However, we aren't needlessly frugal and spend large amounts of money on appropriate things (like car repairs, home repairs and the occasional 'treat' for the family)
But I'm also with the 3 posters above me. I've always viewed frugality as something positive thanks to my depression era grandmother who not only had so much cool knowledge (baking from scratch, sewing, making stuff like soap and jelly) and who's cooking was wonderous. But she and my grandfather also always had nice vehicles, their house was fully paid for, and their furniture always reflected them, but not in a showy way. Grandpa was also a math teacher – heh. So I had very good examples is positive frugality.
Defining frugal seems to be the key here. Once you've achieved debt freedom and a comfortable lifestyle, is it ethical to continue to pile up the wealth, or do we have an obligation to share with others? As always, it's hard to know where to draw the line. How much is too much?
I don't consider it "evil", but I absolutely agree with switching to "enjoy-life mode" when you are established and able to afford it.
As part of our effort to get out of debt, I promised my wife a vacation anywhere in the world soon after we pay off our debt. It's not only a bribe/reward, but a celebration.
I have to disagree with numerous parts of that quote.
1. Education is not a necessary evil.
2. Just because people are frugal does not imply that they live like "poor" people.
3. How is a "correct" approach to frugality defined? Perhaps, my own "correct" approach is to learn to be more frugal as I grow older, which is quite the opposite of what's stated.
4. It is assumed that someone cannot enjoy his life living frugally.
Yes, being frugal is a way of life..forever + regardless of income. You must be vigilant and continue to live below your means regardless of income. The frugal celebrities pay for their houses in cash and have money leftover to maintain them. But many multi-millionaires also go bankrupt…ehem mchammer.
A higher income brings a false sense of security. I almost think one has to be a more vigilant saver with a higher income. You're likely to have bigger, more expensive stuff to maintain. Higher taxes, etc.
I do think there is a limit to how frugal you get can be at higher income levels because safety+security becomes a concern.
You're not going to live in the hood anymore, even if that's where you came from…because you instantly become a target. I grew up in a poor neighborhood with no car and really very little trouble. When you have nothing, you have nothing to lose. You're just like all the other poor folks struggling to survive. As soon as I got a little nicer car than the beaters around me, our house got robbed, twice in one month. It's also a necessity for most celebrities to live in gated communities for their own safety.
It's one thing to have an upper-middle class income and live in a middle class neighborhood. It's a totally different thing to live in the projects when people know you earn above the poverty level.
Frugality has it's limits, but it's always necessary at any stage in life.
I do not see frugality as a negative, so I don't think it's an evil at all. To me, you can be frugal regardless of your income level or stage in life. It is simply the state of being financially responsible and spending less than you make.
And I think contentment is the real key. You shouldn't feel like you are suffering and wasting your life even when you don't have a lot of money to spend. Life is about much more than the money.
Unfortunately, that is something I have always struggled with. I am on the second side of that coin… being overly frugal, and not gradually allowing myself to enjoy the rewards. One thing that has really helped me though was to set aside a specific amount of money each month that I can use for whatever. So, now I won't feel guilty about wanting a new computer game, movie, etc. Of course, now I am finding myself thinking about ways to invest my "fun money" to optimize my return on that too… I guess like everything else, frugality can be nearly as bad as its opposite when not applied in moderation.
i'm always amazed how people define frugality and happiness…as if there is no happiness until you are established because of living frugally. that makes no sense to me. you can and should live happily during the course of your life even if you are not established. you can fit happiness within your budget and within your means. it will probably require you, though, to redefine the things that make you happy and to find happiness in other things.
you also have to come to realization that something that you simply cannot afford is not going to make you happy. i think people have misplaced notions of what will make them happy.
if you "gradually shift to an enjoy-life mode where you live up to your means", it seems you are putting undue expectations on what it really means to enjoy life or be happy.
I use frugality like a scalpel. I see it as a method to maximize enjoyment while staying out of trouble.
Now that I'm out of debt and have savings, I remain frugal on things I don't care much about, such as having cable television, a phone with internet, a big house, or a new car, and that allows me the leeway to *not* be frugal on things that really make me happy.
I was pondering this yesterday.
If you wish to remain financially secure, it will always be a necessity to balance income and spending. It will always be a necessity to make choices, because you can't buy everything and still maintain your financial security. And that's what frugality is, isn't it?
Even for those of us who've been fortunate to pass the point of "scraping by" it is necessary to re-evaluate our situation and priorities regularly too. Should I spend $100 to replace some worn clothing, or use it to pay down the mortgage a bit faster?
And as for amy's comment about the kids… from an early age my kids learned to make choices… they can go out to eat regularly or we can eat at home and go on vacation. They can get one big toy from their wish list, or a bunch of smaller toys. It is possible to give your kids balance.
Spend money on what you value. Don't spend money on what you don't value. Put savings priorities (fully funded emergency fund, retirement, big goals like a house or car or education) first before spending.
I don't know if that's frugality or just being sensible. We definitely did live poorly until we had paid off student loans and developed a sizeable safety cushion (and grown-up size incomes), and now we don't spend up to our income, but we do spend on what we value. For me that means not ever having to worry about or stress out about money, which has been a goal since childhood.
I'm with Abby, Emily, and Holly. I don't think frugality means spending as little as possible; I think it means spending wisely. It means not wasting your money on things you don't really want, it means finding cheaper ways to accomplish what you want to accomplish. It is not about depriving yourself; it's about reducing spending in areas you don't care about so that you don't have to deprive yourself of things you do care about, prioritizing your spending to match your actual priorities.
I think Reed is talking about depriving yourself or delaying your gratification if you don't have enough money to get what you want. I think his point is that if you deprive yourself enough in the beginning to not only keep from spending more than you have but to also add to your savings, then in the long term you will have more money. This leaves you free to satisfy more of your desires.
It also leaves you free to satisfy some of your desires in more expensive ways. I think this is the question you're asking—once we have more money, will we allow ourselves to go for more expensive options or not. In my case, I've decided that some expensive things are worth it if I have the money. So I've been to Disney World (perhaps the most expensive amusement park). I sometimes see plays instead of movies. I sometimes go to a concert instead of just buying a CD. I will usually pay extra to be able to tour the inside of a historical building instead of just hanging around the outside for free. And I am willing to pay extra for a fast internet connection. These are all luxuries to me that I buy only when I can afford them.
But I'm not going to start buying new cars instead of used cars—that will never be worth the extra money to me (unless used cars start getting a lot more expensive). I'm not going to start shopping for clothes in malls instead of thrift stores.
And some things I started trying because they were cheaper have turned out to be better. I make my favorite spaghetti and it's a lot healthier than spaghetti at most restaurants, so I will never eat out when I'm in the mood for spaghetti.
And here's another issue. My goal for saving money isn't to become rich—it's to be able to stop going to work. So in that sense, I will never be one of those people who have a lot of money but refuse to spend it because they're stuck in their miserly ways. As soon as I have just a little more than I think I need, I'm going to stop going to work. And my continuing to spend less than average is going to let me do that a lot sooner than if I have a goal of being able to spend like a rich person.
Unlike princewally, I'm always in an "enjoy life" mode. But then I've been lucky enough to be at my poorest when all my friends were poor, too, so I had plenty of fun people to share my low-cost lifestyle with.
Seth, that's a good idea to budget for fun. You might even make a rule for yourself that you HAVE to spend a certain amount of it each month and/or each year or season. I love having a big pile of money around for things that come up suddenly, like a friend gets a postdoc in a foreign country and wants me to visit. A friend of mine once had a "stress-reduction" budget—sometimes it went for massages, sometimes for parking garage use. I'd rather have an "annoyances" budget and pay attention to what's annoying me, like how the bottom sheets are too small and keep pulling out from under the mattress.
I think of it a different way. I think it's a mindset and a way of thinking about things. After years or decades of frugality, it should have allowed your income to improve, by increasing your assets, and having money that is working for you. This adds to your means, and allows you to relax with the knowledge that you're financially secure. In this state, you probably have defined ideas of what you can do with extra income, and you have more income since you've saved for a rainy day already. So really, in my mind, frugality sets the stage for enjoying the money you're saving, in a calculated and meaningful way.
Hey J.D.,
Frugality is always useful, even if only at first, but it can become an effective way of life.
Since frugality means to cut out and spend/focus only on the essentials and what's important to you, you are enjoying life when you're frugal. You're being frugal, not cheap.
So when your income increases, you can continue to be frugal, simply spending more on those few things that are important to you, while saving and investing the money you save from not splurging on the unessential.
Which, in turn, gives you even MORE resources to enjoy what's important to you.
So, not only does being frugal help out in the early stages when money is tight, but it can set a standard to actually enjoy life MORE.
Great question. Here's to being frugal as an effective lifestyle choice (and not falling into the cheapness trap),
For us frugal means not spending our money on things first. Instead, first we save our money, second we pay our bills, third we spend.
Savings comes first, some of that savings will later go to things, like right now we are saving up for a killer couch. Our planned couch purchase will run us $5000, not very frugal to some people, but frugal to us as we've been in our home for 5 years now and we are saving up so we can pay cash for the couch. We also save up for super nice travel and vacations. But we skimp on other things like cars, we both drive paid for cars and Mr. Sam's is a 1997 (mine is nice – 2006).
We also keep to our frugalness by managing our spending by sticking to a spending plan. Sometimes we spend lots of money on eating out or a show, but we limit ourselves to a certain amount of spending every two weeks so we have a built in system for stopping our spending.
We also budgt for fun, $50 every two weeks into our ING fun account and then when a big fun expense comes up (something that we can't cover with our biweekly spending money) we raid our fun account.
Debi, if you're already living on 70% of your current income (by saving up to 30%), why are you using a model that requires 80% of your current income in retirement? You're already used to living on 70%, and that amount will likely be lower if you enjoy less taxation with your decreased, post-retirement earnings. It sounds to me like your financial advisor may be attempting to scare you into funneling more assets his way, for obvious and unfortunately all-too-common reasons
This is such a timely topic for me. I actually wrote about true frugality vs. conscious spending earlier this week on my own blog. My conclusion was that, as long as our money is first going towards savings and the last of our consumer debt, my husband and I are comfortable with some un-frugal spending from time to time, within limits. I was also able to identify some situations in which I would make a choice to be more frugal, such as working part time instead of full time, having children, or saving for a big goal.
To me, living like a "poor" person means living in fear about money. Most of the time, frugality can fix that.
For me, frugality is about
* independence (I need less than I used to think I needed)
* creativity (I can do more with less, solve problems that I used to throw money at, cook/make/do/repair things myself)
* good stewardship for the planet (even if global warning turns out to be false, isn't it wise to use fewer resources, generate less pollution, and fill fewer landfills?)
I know what book I WON'T be reading anytime soon – so many things wrong with the passage you quoted.
1) Education is a necessary evil? I guess there's no benefit to learning to read, write, feed and clothe yourself?
2) I don't like the dismissive nature when he discusses frugality. Frugality does not equal living like a poor person.
3) "The correct approach" – wow, can you say ego?
4) Live frugal, then enjoy life – huh? I don't think spending more money = having more fun.
5) Living "up to your means" is usually never a good idea. Sounds like living paycheck to paycheck to me.
Oh, and I forgot to add that to me it seems DEMENTED to call education a necessary evil.
Education shapes your mind and introduces you to new places and people and ideas.
It gives you skills, which help you earn money and can be a way to "escape" temporarily during tough times (through reading or woodworking or dancing or whatever).
It teaches resilience, as you learn to work with people and intellectual disciplines that you dislike or fear.
If recent scientific research is true, the more educated you are and the more extensive your vocabulary is, the more able you are to resist Alzheimer's disease.
There are hundreds of millions of people who would love to receive an education and cannot. So step off, John T. Reed.
Think Kevin M is missing the point here. The point of this article is to highlight the fact that in normal Western society there is this tendency to "live life now" when you're young! Which equates to traveling; partying; etc (and these things cost money)! But the article is discussing a paradigm shift here! The idea that when you're young you need to build a solid financial foundation upon which you can rely on when you are "established".
P.S., it's easy to get caught up in the particulars of an article but let's look at the top level view.
Frugality can be key but everyone's situation is different. I try to be frugal but still enjoy a few vices I have and love things that are for experiences so its difficult to balance especially being younger with less income.
It seems there are only two options presented here:
1. Be frugal (and miserable) now, because you will finally "make it" someday, and then, and only then, will you allow yourself in good conscious to spend freely.
2. Spend freely as you wish now now, before you "make it", but you will never truly be wealthy and you will most certainly regret your past decisions.
I choose the third option, or the Middle Path.
3. Enjoy life TODAY, because tomorrow may never come. Spend time and money on experiences, instead of Stuff. Spend time and money on people that enrich your life. Earn more than you spend. The rest is just noise.
@KM; not everyone loves education, there are hundreds of millions of people who hate learning or the educational process. This is simply the expression of that view. I think we understand that from the article.
I agree with the poster that says the author is introducing a false dichotomy. There are good habits, and bad habits. The good habits can help you get to where you want to go, and they also allow you to stay there. If you see frugality as a deprivation that you will be released from once you have "made it" then you are doing it wrong. It goes without saying that the amount of money I spend has changed as I have gotten older, but so has my earning potential, my household, and my family composition. But I still consider myself frugal because I spend below my means and try to be aware whether what I am spending on is "worth it".
If you replace the word "frugality" with something like "self-deprivation" or "scarcity" then Mr. Reed's comments make a lot more sense. That's something that might be a necessary evil early in life. Sometimes to live within your means you may have to make hard choices between things that you really want or even need.
On the other hand, "frugal" means "avoiding waste" and that applies to everyone. Spending money is not wasting it – but spending too much for something, or spending on things that you don't value IS wasting it.
Also, some of us would like to retire early. Being very careful with our money may allow that to happen earlier and be more successful.
I can think of many, who are frugal. They have plenty of money.
Now they're at the end of their life.
….and the money is good for what? It doesn't take hundreds of thousands for most of us to exit this world. I don't believe we are beholden to our heirs to leave them money. (I certainly don't expect any from my parents)
I say live within your means, plan for the future, but by all means you need to enjoy today.
That may require that you spend money.
Frugality isn't evil, although it may be overly conservative for some people.
It's also not necessary. As long as you're not spending more than you earn, you can do just fine without being particularly frugal. The only necessity is keeping your expenses below your income, and even that can be ignored for years on end before it catches up to you.
It's a funny idea, that anything we, as the followers of personal finance blogs, do is "necessary". Look at all the people around you living in perpetual debt and still, being generally satisfied with their lives. You *can* live like that. Millions do. Financially responsibility is not required to feed, clothe or house yourself and your family. American Express is perfectly happy to pay for it all for you, hoping that you'll pay it back sometime in the future. Plenty of people really don't care that the numbers on their balance sheet are constantly red instead of black.
And you know what, these people still live better live than much of the world. Go find the average Ugandan or Chinese farmer — someone with no debt, and compare his life to the one we're all trying so desperately to avoid — the one where giant corporations give you flatscreen TVs and new cars for free and say "eh, pay us for it later".
90% of the american lifestyle is simply excess — very little is actually necessary. For perspective, watch a longtime friend who you'd always considered "rich" go through chemotherapy. It will make you think about your values. Both consumerism and frugality seem irrelevant.
"The correct approach is to start out frugal when you first go out on your own, then gradually shift to an enjoy-life mode where you live up to your means."
Wow. I don't know what his problem is, but I'm frugal and I DEFINITELY enjoy life. I don't have to spend lots of money to enjoy it, either. Imho, if you're not enjoying life while being frugal then you're doing it wrong.
Frugality isn't just about money. It's about spending resources wisely to best meet your goals. Those goals might change throughout your life, but frugality can and should be a lifelong lifestyle of *conscious* spending so that you stay focused on what is important *to you*.
Frugality is also, therefore, about reducing waste. And why should we suddenly become wasteful if/when we become rich? There are enough people out there trashing the planet with their extravagant lifestyles. I'd rather enjoy the planet than destroy it.
G. K. Chesterton talks about the "romance of thrift" and I think he was right on. I got some chairs a few years ago from a friend of my mother, they had been in her attic for years, I took them and reupholtered them very inexpensively. Even though I could afford new chairs the ones I have are very good quality and reflect my style exactly, I have no intention of giving that up. I love experimenting with new recipes and taking care of my family and my home. Many of the things we have were inexpensive but they are meaningful to us. I take pride in the things I have put work into — much more so than any store-bought things. I also know that if the kids wreck something its not the end of the world, I can replace things inexpensively or re-do them. For me the frugal lifestyle has lead to a joy and connection with the things around me that otherwise wouldn't be there. I don't think frugality is a necessary evil — I think it is a positive good in my life.
@KM — As a former high school teacher, I can certainly say that education is a necessary evil for many students! Not everyone loves learning, and the school system doesn't work for many personalities and learning styles. Besides, too many students go on to get a university degree just for the sake of having one — and wind up in a lot of debt to do so.
Well, as far as how I manage my money goes, I don't spend a lot, because I prefer to save and make myself more secure. But I'm certainly looking forward to enjoying the wealth that I'm in the process of building, and spending more when I can do so responsibly. Not on random 'stuff', but on the things that really matter to me, like music equipment and a beautiful living environment. So I'm happy to be frugal now, but I've no desire to always live like a poor person just for the sake of it out of some misplaced sense of virtue – frugality is a tool to help get me to where I want to be, financially (it's not the only tool though – I see increasing my income as being more important.)
But I take issue with the idea of deferring enjoyment until I'm financially free. I could be dead by then! In fact I think that the whole 'spend your life working and then do what you want when you can afford to retire' mentality, which is so pervasive in this society, really sucks. Which is why I've decided to focus on what I love doing most right now – no endlessly delayed gratification for me! But I don't need to spend a ton of money to do that either.
I agree with the posters who are advocating a middle way – getting the frugality balance right in such a way that we can enjoy life now and live well later too.
The author is perpetuating the myth that spending money will lead to greater happiness. While we may get temporary pleasure from spending money on "stuff" or experiences, I don't believe that true happiness is a function of financial or material wealth. Just ask Tiger Woods, the world's richest professional athlete, how happy he is at the moment!


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We've been hearing now for a few years that we'll one day be able to cialis okay for women forgo the http://www.hitlabnz.org/viagra-side-effects traditional batteries in our cameras, iPods, and cell phones, in favor of the best choice buying viagra in the us fancy fuel cells, but finally the time has come.
MTI MicroFuel Cells has recently announced the development of prototype camera and generic cialis 100mg integrated cell phone and MP3 player fuel cells, which they showcased at the 4th International Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Expo in Tokyo. Their camera cell, designed to be the size of a conventional grip-style power pack for DSLRs, will last twice as long as its litium-ion counterpart, allowing you to take between 2,800 and 4,000 pictures per "charge." No word on weight, but that's a lot of pictures!
What if you run out of juice? No problem, just open the fuel cell, pour in some methanol (which you'll obviously have on hand for the occasion), and you're instantly back in business. The introduction of this new technology can mean great things for the environment; we won't have so many bloody batteries being tossed out each year, we reduce the very good site order viagra viagra amount of toxic metals and chemicals used in manufacturing and disposal, and quite frankly, since the majority of just try! professional viagra batteries in small electronics go dead over time as they are not being used and must be replaced, it saves money. How can even a rechargeable battery that takes hours to juice up compare to the instant gratification of a fuel cell?
While still only prototypes, the company is tooling to mass produce the cells and promised to have the technology on the market in 2009. And while, at first glance, this seems like it would be greener than batteries, we're still going to http://theglobalobservatory.org/order-levitra-canada have to find a nice clean way to get all that methanol. Sounds to me like corn would be a good first place to look.
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Comments (3)
written by james, April 17, 2008
I hope the comment about using corn to make methanol for these things was sarcastic. Using food crops for fuel has turned out to levitra pfizer canada be a wasteful and destructive trend due to the inefficiency of the visit our site viagra tadalafil crops for making fuel and strain on food costs. Why keep talking positively about it?
As for the technology, maybe this is buy viagra online site finally a good use for fuel cells? In cars, they make no sense at all.
As for the technology, maybe this is buy viagra online site finally a good use for fuel cells? In cars, they make no sense at all.
written by Mike Cochran, April 17, 2008
Lord, I hope your not planning to have a glass of methanol liquor at your next fete. Methanol causes blindness. I think you were thinking ethyl alcohol (ethanol, corn liquor...)
written by Tom, April 17, 2008
The real story is not the product because that has been documented along the way. The real story is that the stock is incredibly cheap with a market cap of $17 million. MKTY needs to raise cash to get the product to market, but as someone who has followed the company for six years, my opinion is that a money raise will be completed and successful. As a disclosure, I own shares of MKTY parent of MTI Micro.
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Sign up for Yardbarker's daily Top 10 newsletter, the Morning Bark! Customize to get news on your favorite sports and teams.
Found December 11, 2012 on Fox Sports:
PLAYERS: Alex Rodriguez, Kevin Youkilis
TEAMS: New York Yankees, Chicago White Sox, Boston Red Sox
TEAMS: New York Yankees, Chicago White Sox, Boston Red Sox
The Yankees have turned to an old rival to serve as Alex Rodriguez's replacement. The team on Tuesday reached agreement with free-agent third baseman Kevin Youkilis on a one-year, $12 million contract, according to major-league sources. The deal, which is pending a physical, will bring to New York a player who spent nearly his entire career with the Boston Red Sox. Rodriguez, who will undergo surgery on his left hip next month, will be out until at least May and possibly July. Youkilis, 33, started last season with the Red Sox, then was traded to the Chicago White Sox on June 24. He performed much better for the White Sox, producing a .771 OPS, 15 home runs and 46 RBI in 80 games. Youkilis had a .692 OPS, four homers and 14 RBI in 42 games with the Red Sox, and spent three weeks on the DL with lower back tightness. Once Rodriguez returns, Youkilis can spell him at third and also contribute at first base and DH.
Original Story: http://msn.foxsports.com/mlb/story/ne...
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Video: Alex Rodriguez-Owned Apartment Complex Plagued by Rats, Roaches, Rot
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Saying "I don't know where they get that stuff," the Yankees slugger insists that contrary to rumors, he does not own any paintings that depict him as a Minotaur.
Kevin Youkilis Cheers Red Sox Fan On in 'Man v. Food' Eating Contest (Video)
Alex Rodriguez Denies Having Centaur Paintings of Himself After Home Art Show
Kevin Youkilis Signs with New York Yankees
AP source: Youkilis, Yankees reach 1-year deal
LucidSportsFan's Awesome Old Song of the Week (that's not so awesome anymore)
Youkilis 'Seriously Considering' Yankees as Cleveland Signs Reynolds
Youkilis signs with the Yankees
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Advanced technology means greater security
As consumers demand safer, faster, and better ways to pay for goods and services, chip cards are one way Visa is responding. Visa chip cards have an embedded microchip that is virtually impossible to copy and, in most cases, works with a customer signature. For merchants, accepting chip cards means providing customers with a payment experience that's simple, quick, and highly secure.
Visa's plan to accelerate the adoption of EMV chip technology in the U.S. represents an important step forward in building an infrastructure that is prepared for future advances in technology, while helping reduce fraud, supporting emerging payment technologies, and enhancing international acceptance.
An investment in the future of payments
The use of stronger authentication methods and unique transaction elements makes chip card data less attractive to steal and make counterfeit fraud a near-impossibility, providing greater security and peace of mind. Visa chip cards also have a magnetic stripe on the back to ensure acceptance at point-of-sale (POS) terminals that do not have a chip-reading device.
As Visa promotes the U.S. migration to chip cards, we encourage merchants to start thinking about the terminal upgrades they may need to support emerging payment technologies. By updating your POS system to dual-interface terminals, which accept both contact chip cards and contactless chip devices, you can start building an infrastructure that's ready for the future and the arrival of mobile payment technologies.
How chip cards work
Rather than swiping the card and signing a receipt, the customer inserts the Visa chip card into the terminal, completes the transaction per the on-screen instructions, then removes the card when prompted.
Get ready for the shift
While the equipment upgrade isn't yet mandatory, merchants who make the change can enjoy certain added benefits. For example, merchants that deploy terminals that support dual-interface contact and contactless chip technology may not be required to re-certify their PCI validation every year. And upgrading now can help merchants avoid the potential financial implications when liability for counterfeit POS transactions shifts in 2015.
Today, Visa is collaborating with a number of industry groups on the evolution of chip technology. Merchants can get involved and help define the future too. Get more information about the timeline for adopting dual-interface terminals in the Related Information section, or contact your acquirer for assessment of chip acceptance and help selecting suitable terminal hardware and software.


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Stormbreaker posterCopyright by respective production studio and/or distributor. Intended for editorial use only.
Directed by: Geoffrey Sax
Cast: Alex Pettyfer, Mickey Rourke, Ewan McGregor, Sarah Bolger, Alicia Silverstone, Bill Nighy, Andy Serkis, Stephen Fry, Robbie Coltrane, Ashley Walters
Links: Stormbreaker movie stills


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MADISON, WI (WTAQ) - Wisconsin's popular gun deer hunting season begins a week from Saturday – and officials urge hunters to be extra careful about the targets they aim for.
DNR big game ecologist Kevin Wallenfang says elk and moose getting more common in the far north – and both species are legally protected.
The elk population continues to grow, especially in Ashland, Bayfield, Price, and Sawyer counties – and moose have come into Wisconsin from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and Minnesota.
Wallenfang says deer hunters should concentrate on identifying both their targets, and what lies behind them.


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By Alicia Lutes, Hollywood.com Staff
Happy October 19th! That's right, today in our hearts and minds, it is finally the day we've all been waiting for: the return of Community! Sure, the calendar might say it's actually February 7th, but we're all in the right state of mind: gleeful over the return Greendale's finest to the small screen. Many hearts were broken and set adrift when sister-in-fan-favoritism 30 Rock worked its final night cheese nary a week ago. But faith in the almighty peacock was temporarily restored when we remembered that Britta, Annie, Troy, Abed, Shirley, Jeff, Dean Pelton, and yes, even Pierce would soon be entering the study group's senior year.
RELATED: 'Community' Cast Spoofs Season 4's Delayed Debut on 'Troy & Abed In the Morning' VIDEO
Lucky for everyone out there (including your fair author), we got a chance to sit down with Joel McHale, Jim Rash, Alison Brie, Yvette Nicole Brown, and Gillian Jacobs to get the [ice cream] scoop on what to expect tonight. And yes, ice cream plays a part in it. ""The class we don't get into is so epic,"" Brown said. ""It's probably my favorite joke class that we've had on Community.""
Brown is, of course, speaking about the History of Ice Cream, a class our Greendale Seven hoped would involve ""just eat[ing] ice cream,"" Jacobs explained. Which certainly sounds like a potential GCC offering. But all isn't as easy-breezy as it seems, because ""Jeff is trying to graduate early the little snake,"" joked Brie. Apparently, our favorite students don't take it quite so well. (Would you?!) ""The study group is dealing with their feelings about [graduation], [at the same time that they] don't get into a class that we really wanted,"" Brie added. But once Jeff's motives to take the class are revealed so that they can all take one final class together, and that he can finish up his history credits and actually graduate early the group is less than keen on the cream. ""So its like Jeff [is] trying to get into that class, and the rest of the study group [is] not really caring so much.""
And that's because senior year might not be everyone's idea of a good thing an anxiety that seems to mirror the fear fans have over this season being the show's last. And it's those very same fans and their ""very vocal"" (according to McHale) opinions that Brown feels have been missing from filming this go-around. ""The only thing that's missing because we're not airing [during filming] is that third part of our little group, which is the audience telling us what they think,"" she said. This is a deviation from the norm, because in past seasons they were used to the ""audience going 'yay!' or 'boo!' and we [could] course correct. We found out in the middle of last season that it's hard when you don't have the fans' opinions."" Brown explained that she used to ""go right on Twitter and look at the hashtags to see what they were saying"" and that without that it ""feels different.""
RELATED: Cast of 'Community' Hold Adorable Kittens Because: Internet VIDEO
But the cast's fan heartbreak seemed to be the only thing that felt different for season four even with the loss of showrunner Dan Harmon. ""It doesn't really feel that different, and that is not to diminish Dan Harmon's heart and soul over this show,"" explained Brown. ""We of course feel the loss of Dan. But as far as our day-to-day life ...it feels the same."" McHale echoed her sentiment. ""Our crew was always together, forever, so in that sense it didn't change much at all. In that sense it was exactly the same."" But not so fast! ""The catering's changed."" Oh, now you tell us, McHale! This changes everything! Is Shirley running the catering now? We know she's a business woman!
The Oscar-winning scribe Rash, who wrote his first episode for the series this season (the finale episode, for those who like to think ahead), chalks it up to the strong feelings everyone working on Community feels. ""We're all personally attached to this, and we're all taking care of it together, you know? It's been a very open dialogue about 'would you say this? Would your character sound like this?' There's always going to be slight growing pains with any kind of change, but I feel like we all came in and were like, 'we're here to protect what we were blessed to be given' and that's just been the goal. From [episode] 401 to [the finale].""
RELATED: Chevy Chase Dropping Out of 'Community'
The cast also spoke about some of the upcoming episodes' bigger moments including an arrogant ancient history professor in Malcolm McDowell, an Inspector Spacetime superfan in Battlestar Galactica's Tricia Helfer, and a rival for Troy in Matt Lucas' Toby with excitement and glee. McHale said that having Helfer in the episode was akin to ""having Johnny Depp at the Pirates of the Caribbean Con."" Fandoms collide! So many fandoms. Everyone collectively ""loved Matt Lucas!"" and hinted that we will first see his character Toby during the big convention.
And true to form, cosplay was, well, at play. ""They hired background actors that had their own costumes people that did their own cosplay,"" explained Brown. She recounted a particularly terrifying-sounding costume that gave her pause. ""There was one guy I wouldn't look in the eye because I don't know if he was a droid or a demon or what,"" she said. ""He had completely black [and] ice blue eyes, and a tail. I was like 'Hey...hey...God Bless.' They were scary but they were at home making their own make-up and coming in like that. It was so cool."" Needless to say, keep your eyes peeled for that monster.
Scarier still? The darkest timeline, of course! And what does it have in store for Season 4? ""You know, I think some of that stuff does surface,"" Brie explained, vaguely. ""Because Abed in his mind opened up the darkest timeline, it just still tinkers around in there. So there's little winks at it now and again. You may see it, a little bit more ...and a bit more later,"" At this point, the actress began laughing semi-maniacally.
And perhaps the cherry on top of this ice cream sundae (oof, sorry to rub it in, guys)? We got to see a real teaching moment between Rash and McHale. When speaking about fans and the over-the-top things they may do, Rash quipped, ""I gave my sperm to one fan is that weird? She just asked so nicely!"" To which McHale instructed, horrified, ""Never do that!""
Community returns (at last!) Thursday, October 19 February 7th, at 8PM on NBC. Will you be tuning in? Let us know in the comments!
[Photo Credit: NBC]
Follow Alicia on Twitter @alicialutes


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February 20, 2014 -
2014 Amgen Tour of California Route Announced
LOS ANGELES, California – The route for the ninth edition of America's largest and most prestigious professional cycling stage race, the Amgen Tour of California, was revealed today at a press conference presented by Visit California. Once again, this challenging race will bring elite cyclists from all over the world to California May 11-18 for more than 730 miles of all-out battle through 12 host cities. Returning to a north-to-south route that will include two mountaintop finishes and a picturesque but difficult ride along iconic Highway 1, this year's race is designed with an early time trial and Queen stage, meaning the winner will be anything but clear-cut as the week progresses.
San Jose is the only city to host the Amgen Tour of California for each of the nine years since the race began in 2006. The San Jose Stage 3 Start will be produced by a veteran Local Organizing Committee, led by the San Jose Sports Authority. The stage will start at Raging Waters at Lake Cunningham Regional Park in San Jose and riders will travel north toward the East Foothills, before turning onto Mt. Hamilton Road to tackle the early climb on Mt. Hamilton, continuing on to finish atop Mt. Diablo on the most challenging stage of the 2014 race.
"San Jose is honored to host the Amgen Tour of California every year since its inception," said San Jose Mayor Chuck Reed. "We are delighted to introduce a new starting location this year and showcase the fantastic cycling available for both professional and recreational riders here in the capital of Silicon Valley. Thanks to the San Jose Sports Authority for their efforts to bring this world-class bicycle race to San Jose for a ninth straight year."
Open to the public, the Stage 3 Start at Raging Waters at Lake Cunningham Regional Park will be host to the Amgen Tour of California's Lifestyle Festival, with vendors, family activities and entertainment, as well the Team Parking area and autograph alley, where fans can meet their favorite cyclists. Once riders leave from San Jose toward Mt. Diablo, the Start Line area will transform into a public watch party for the remainder of the race.
"I'm thrilled that Raging Waters at Lake Cunningham Regional Park in San Jose will host the Stage 3 Start for the Amgen Tour of California this year" said San Jose City Councilmember Rose Herrera, whose Council District includes Lake Cunningham Regional Park. "It's our privilege to welcome some of the best cyclists in the world who will bike past Lake Cunningham Regional Park - home to the largest skate park in California- before riding along the picturesque East Foothills, while being cheered on by local cycling enthusiasts."
The San Jose Sports Authority, a non-profit organization that serves as the sports commission for the City of San Jose, will lead the planning and implementation of the Stage 3 Start.
"We are proud to host the Amgen Tour of California for the ninth consecutive year," said San Jose Sports Authority Executive Director Patricia Ernstrom. "San Jose has hosted stage starts, finishes and two time trials in locations throughout the City over the past eight years, and the 2014 route, starting at Raging Waters and Lake Cunningham Regional Park presents an opportunity to highlight another beautiful area in the Capital of Silicon Valley."
[Full Story] [Stage 3 Map] [Stage 3 Profile]
September 12, 2013 -
Hall of Fame Class Announced
SAN JOSE, California –
Four South Bay sports icons that made their mark in professional, high school, college, and Olympic sports make up the 2013 Class of Inductees of the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame.The 19th class, which will be inducted at the November 20 ceremony at SAP Center at San Jose, includes:
The November ceremony, presented by Hewlett-Packard, celebrates 19 years of the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame. The event kicks off with a reception followed by dinner and induction ceremony. Each inductee will be recognized with a bronze plaque permanently installed on the concourse at SAP Center at San Jose. Individual tickets begin at $250 each and sponsorship and table packages are available ranging from $3,000. For information and to purchase event tickets call (408) 288-2936.
[Full Story]
Your support of the San Jose Sports Authority enables us to continue our mission of hosting and attracting world-class sporting events in San Jose, as well as operating ongoing programs such as The First Tee of San Jose, the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame, and the REACH Youth Scholarship Program.
View photos and videos from the 2014 REACH Youth Scholarship Awards Breakfast.
Relive moments from the 2013 San Jose Sports Hall of Fame Induction.
Visit the Hall of Fame page here to view photos, order photos, view inductee and honoree videos, and reveal trivia answers.


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Liverpool are linked to a move for Southampton midfielder Adam Lallana.
After a humdrum opening half hour, Abel Hernandez made a splash in his debut scoring the opening goal for Hull City, but the Tigers would squander two leads and ended up settling for a 2-2 draw with West Ham United.
Enner Valencia scored his first Premier League goal with a stunning strike from deep range and the Hammers erased two deficits to grab a point on the road in a 2-2 draw with Hull City.
Alexis Sanchez continued his strong start to his Arsenal career with his third goal in his last four matches across all competitions for Arsenal.
Aaron Ramsey continued to delivery great all-around performances for Arsenal with 16 point performance in the Yahoo format in Week 4.
Victor Moses gave one of the all-time performances for a fantasy player whose team neither scored a goal nor kept a clean sheet in Week 4.
It was an ugly fantasy week for West Brom but the best of the bunch was Craig Gardner who has put together a surprisingly strong fantasy season so far.
Allan McGregor made a spectacular save in the 35th minute against West Ham United to deny Enner Valencia a sure goal.
Daley Blind played to far better reviews in the real world than he did for his fantasy managers in Week 4.
Wayne Rooney netted a goal and helped on another as Manchester United routed QPR at Old Trafford in Week 4 action.
Jonny Evans was part of United's clean sheet victory and drove his point total in Week 4 up with three blocked shots against Harry Redknapp's Queens Park Rangers.
Juan Mata didn't contribute much beyond his goal in Manchester United's 4-0 win in Week 4 which doesn't bode well for the midfielder as his playing time comes into question.


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by Chris Hurcombe September 30, 2014
One of the biggest names in computing technology, IBM, have teamed up with Swiss company Airlight Energy to give the tradition solar panel a drastic redesign after revealing an all-new 'sunflower' prototype. In comparison to giant wind turbines and colossal solar steam arrays, the average. Read more
by Chris Hurcombe September 23, 2014
The Australian Coalition Government has unveiled their plans to make their country a new "energy superpower" with a fresh strategy that relies heavily on fossil fuels. Whilst Australia has hit the headlines for it's use of renewables - including record solar energy production and a new. Read more
by Caroline Robertson September 16, 2014
We already knew the uptake by the public was less than expected, and last week we heard how small businesses were also shirking away from it, and now a parliamentary committee has dubbed the government's Green Deal a 'disappointing failure'. A group of MPs was called upon to evaluate the. Read more
by Chris Hurcombe September 9, 2014
A new survey carried out by the Federation of Small Business (FSB) has found that almost a third of it's members said the cost of energy was a barrier to growth for their company. Carried out across the 8,000 FSB members, the survey revealed that the cost of electricity, water and gas for their. Read more
by Caroline Robertson September 4, 2014
Following on from last month's news that Wales would be testing a UK-first tidal wave generator as part of a new commercial energy development, Scotland are building what they are already calling the 'World's Biggest' tidal array. Currently in the midst of an ongoing independence debate,. Read more
by Ian McKenna August 26, 2014
The great solar conundrum is one that can divide even the greenest of eco-advocates; businesses and homeowners want the clean, affordable commercial energy that comes with solar power, but many don't want (or can't have, due to planning regulations) the large photo voltaic cells required to. Read more
by Caroline Robertson August 19, 2014
It seems we can't go a week without talking about strides being made or patents being filed for a new style of solar cell or increases in wind power capacity. But, as we've reported before, many commercial energy developers are all at sea when it comes to tidal power. But this week a new wave. Read more
by Chris Hurcombe August 13, 2014
The scientific technique of singlet fission was first observed in glowing crystals nearly half a century ago, but now scientists are looking at it once again as a way to improve the efficiency of modern solar cells. The process allows a single photon of light to release two electrons instead of. Read more
by Caroline Robertson August 12, 2014
France's largest supplier of commercial energy - EDF - have shut down four of it's UK-based reactors after discovering a fault in a boiler unit. A statement from the company says it found a potentially-dangerous defect in a boiler spine at the Heysham-1 plant in Lancashire back in June, and. Read more


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Recognition of Senator Farley
The Town of Ballston Community Library Board of Trustees will recognize Senator Hugh Farley for his 34 years of ongoing support of public libraries with a presentation at 3 PM on Tuesday, October 7th. The 2013 Bullet Aid made it possible for the library to purchase a new digital sign. You are invited to join us!
Celebrating 25 Years of Service
Come join us celebrate Senior Library Clerk Judy Kaplan's 25 years (and counting!) of service to the library! 10am -12pm on November 1st.
"A Gathering of Ballston Lake Elders"
Friday, October 10th 4-5 p.m. - Town of Ballston Community Library – Community Room
The public is invited to "A Gathering of Ballston Lake Elders", on Friday, October 10 from 4-5pm in the Community Room of the Town of Ballston Community Library, 2 Lawmar Lane, Burnt Hills. The event is presented as a free program sponsored by the Ballston Lake Improvement Association (BLIA) and the Library as an oral history project.
"We have so many interesting stories and interesting people who 'lived' them," said event chair Suzanne Bishop, a retired educator and BLIA board member. "Oral histories are a superb way to preserve local history."
The program, which is free and open to the public, will be facilitated by noted author and scholar Mary Sanders Shartle. The program participants, five people who have spent much of their life in the immediate Ballston Lake community, will share folklore and their own memories as they reflect upon life "back in the day". The presentation will be videotaped and archived at the library and Town of Ballston Historian's Office.
Media Contact: Suzanne Bishop – 518 469 6062
Have you seen the new sign at the Library? It was made possible in part by a Special Legislative Grant from Senator Hugh Farley.
Read the Library Sign Press Release
The Town of Ballston Community Library will be closed on Monday, October 13, in honor of Columbus Day. The library will re-open at 10 AM on Tuesday, October 14. .
Our Fall schedule of Adult Programs and Computer Classes is out! Check it out here - Fall 2014 quarterly
We won a subscription to ScienceFlix. ScienceFlix combines curriculum-driven resources, interactive features, and an easy to use interface for students in grades 4 through 9. Read information about science topics, watch videos, create projects, take quizzes and more. You can also get information on creating science experiments and careers in science. Information provided includes citations and lexile numbers. You will need a library card from the Town of Ballston Community Library (begins with 10007).
Are proud to present you with an Online Book Club!
Join our online Book Club through The Ballston Journal, and sponsored by Northshire Bookstore!
Feel free to join the conversation about the book every month if you've already read the book, or go check out or buy the book and then join the discussion!
Enjoy a museum visit on us! Patrons can check out a Pass FREE for three days! Choose from our collection of six museum passes and explore wonderful local museums. The goal of the Museum Pass program is to provide children and adults an opportunity to experience history, culture and the arts through a visit to a museum. The Friends of the Library is able to offer the Museum Pass Program due to the success of its many fundraising activities. Our Membership Fee Donations, gifts from generous donors, revenues from the Used Book Sales, Library Mini Golf, the Spring Fling Raffle, and other fundraisers allow the Friends of the Library to offer this service to our library patrons. For information on becoming a Friend of the Library, check out our information page at http://toblibrary.sals.edu/index.php/friends/ If you would like to sponsor a family membership to an area museum, please contact Library Director Karen DeAngelo at the library or by calling 518-399-8174 ext. 5 or by email at email@example.com
- Passes are available from the Town of Ballston Community Library.
- Passes must be returned to a staff member at the Town of Ballston Community Library Circulation Desk during regular library hours. Do not use a Drop Box or return them to another library.
- Passes may be checked out by library patrons (18 and older) who possess a valid library card in good standing.
- Passes are first-come, first served; there are no requests or renewals.
- There is a limit of one pass per family at any one time.
- Loan period: 3 days.
- Overdue fee: $5 per day.
- Contact museum for schedule and hours.
- The borrower will be responsible for the replacement cost listed on the pass if it is lost or stolen.
Stop in the library, or check out The Friends of the Library Page for more information! You can check to see if they are in here
The September meeting of the Library Board of Trustees will be held at 7PM on Wednesday, September 24, 2014 in the library community room.
Town of Ballston Historian Rick Reynolds on Schenectady Today talking about Ballston 225: Watch it here
If you are an artist or photographer who would like to display your work in the library community room, or a collector who'd like to use our display case to allow the community to see your collection, please call 399-8174 ext 4 or ask for Judy at the library.
2013-2016 Library Long Range Plan
2013 Annual Report to the Public
Emergency Closings are reported on the Times Union Website as Town of Ballston Community Library, here, on our sign, and on our Facebook page. Please check here or call us at 399-8174 ext. 2 before coming out if the weather is bad.


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Scribblenauts Unmasked – A DC Comics Adventure for PC, Wii U, and 3DS
A new game that melds the boundless creativity of the award-winning video game franchise with thousands of DC Comics characters and objects across DC Comics worlds
Scribblenauts Unmasked features a story where players embark as protagonist Maxwell on an imaginative and comical quest, taking them through Gotham City, Metropolis, Atlantis and other iconic locales from the DC Comics universe. In the game, Maxwell comes to the aid of Batman, Superman and the rest of The Justice League as they face the mightiest DC Comics Super Villains, such as The Joker, Lex Luthor, and Sinestro. Fueled by the player's imagination, Maxwell must use his magic notebook to put a stop to the villains' evil schemes and save the day!
See All ImagesScribblenauts Unmasked – A DC Comics Adventure Images
See All NewsScribblenauts Unmasked – A DC Comics Adventure News
Scribblenauts Unmasked soars onto Wii U, 3DS, and PC in September
Scribblenauts Unmasked – A DC Comics Adventure, an upcoming game from Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and 5TH...
Hey, the Wii U is getting a new game! Scribblenauts Unmasked – A DC Comics Adventure announced
High five to Warner Bros. Interactive who today announced a new game for the Nintendo Wii U. The publisher today...