text:
2 Corinthians 6:17-18
August 20, 1995
Listen using Pop-Up Player
We have been for many months studying Paul's marvelous epistle to the Corinthians called 2 Corinthians. And we return to that epistle and chapter 6 for our study this morning. We systematically go through the Word of God emphasizing these New Testament books because every word is pure, every word proceeds from the very heart of God, every word of Scripture is indeed to us a treasure as well as a responsibility for our edification and our obedience.
We have come to 2 Corinthians chapter 6, a paragraph that begins in verse 14 and runs through the first verse of chapter 7. And it has to do with separating from unbelievers. It's a very straight-forward and helpful passage of Scripture, somewhat well-known to Christians and yet perhaps not very well applied in the life of the church.
This is message number three in that series, and for those of you who are here for the first time, please accept my apologies. If you want the full series, the first two tapes are certainly available for you. But as we approach this particular text, it is set in motion by the opening words of verse 14, "Do not be bound together with unbelievers." That sets this entire context for what is to follow. And what is to follow is a series of five reasons why that principle is indeed to be followed. It is a command and there are five motives for obeying it. We'll be looking this morning again at these five and we'll complete our look next Sunday.
Let me begin in an introduction just to set the tone a little bit for you, without going over the things that we've done in the past by simply saying faith in Christ leads to a total transformation of one's entire being. The Bible calls Christians "new creations." It says, "Old things have passed away and all things have become new."
When someone becomes a Christian, when they are born again, when they are transformed by faith in Jesus Christ, they enter into an entirely different sphere from the untransformed, the unregenerated, the non-Christians. We have, as Christians, different thoughts, different values, different standards, different beliefs, different feelings, different principles, different motives, different goals, different attitudes, different hopes. We look at life with an entirely different perspective than unbelieving people do. And that difference is radical. It is so radical that fellowship, communion, harmony, participation with unbelievers is bound to be at best somewhat superficial. We may share externally and somewhat superficially in common things, we may enjoy a common country, a common community. We may have a common family. We may work at a common job. We may have common hobbies or pastimes, we may agree on natural likes and dislikes. But when you get down deep inside, the difference is so radical. In fact, it is not just a difference, it is a stark opposition.
And the believer and the unbeliever are so diametrically opposed to each other at heart that only a superficial relationship is really possible. To the believer, Jesus Christ is God, He is Savior, He is Lord, He is Master, He is object of all love and due all reverence. To the unbeliever, Christ may be a man who is treated with difference...indifference and disobedience. To the believer, living to the glory of God is everything, promoting the honor of Jesus Christ our supreme duty. And to the unbeliever, self is everything and the satisfaction and comfort and success of self directs all of life. Two diametrically opposed perspectives.
And that causes severe limitations on our relationships. We could talk about that. That's an important thing to recognize. But there's something even more significant, that is the issue in this text. While this text does recognize the fact that we can only have superficial relationships with unbelievers based upon the statement of verse 15, what has a believer in common with an unbeliever, the thrust of this text is specifically directed at engaging ourselves with unbelievers in any common spiritual or religious enterprise. It's talking about the absolute incompatibility and incongruity that believers and unbelievers have with regard to sharing in worship, ministry, teaching...that is theological teaching...or evangelism.
It should be obvious to us that there is no compatibility but in fact it is not. While believers and unbelievers may play together and may work together and study together and plan certain things together and eat together and have certain levels of friendship, as soon as the issue becomes spiritual and religious and engages itself upon worship, ministry, teaching, evangelism, there is no partnership, there is no harmony, there is no common ground and there can be no mutuality.
Sadly, it is that very principle which was in violation in Corinth. You remember we have spoken about this and I don't want to go into it in too much detail. The Corinthians were going to idol feasts. They were going to what Paul calls in 1 Corinthians 10 "the table of demons." They were even engaging in prostitutes. They were going to the acropolis of Corinth where there were a thousand prostitute priestesses and they were, as it were, in the words of Paul in 1 Corinthians 6, joining Christ to a harlot and then coming to the worship of the church. They were...they were involved in pagan worship. And to add to that, they had opened the doors of the church and let false teachers in, embrace those false teachers, believed those false teachers and followed them.
So, they had violated this principle on those fronts. First, they had gone into pagan worship. And second, they had allowed pagan worship to come to them. That is exactly what is being addressed here. When Paul says, "Do not be bound together with unbelievers," he is talking about participating with unbelievers in pagan worship, or letting unbelievers participate with you in the true worship. And this seems so obvious and so straight forward, you would think we couldn't miss it, but the church has missed it for a long time. The church has opened its doors throughout its history to false teachers and let them come in and do their...their work which eats like gangrene, as Paul says it, which pollutes and destroys the mind and wrecks the faith of people. The church has thrown its doors open wide to that kind of false teaching and it is still doing it even today.
In fact, the church today is trying very hard to embrace the culture and to redefine itself on a cultural level so that unbelievers feel comfortable there. An unimaginable strategy in the light of this principle. Throughout the years evangelists have felt that they could be more successful when they go into a city if they will link up with the Roman Catholics and link up with the theological liberals of that city and together engage in a cooperative evangelistic effort to supposedly evangelize the city. There have been Christians who have gone into theological faculties and various institutions and stood alongside unbelievers, alongside men who deny the inerrance and authority of Scripture and sometimes the deity of Jesus Christ and deny the doctrines of salvation by grace through faith alone and all associated teaching to that and they have stood side by side in the same institution with those men endeavoring to carry on a spiritual enterprise while linked with those who espouse demonic doctrine. Those are the kinds of issues that are at stake in this text. Cooperative evangelism, cooperative educational efforts in theological in quote/unquote Christian schools and seminaries, environments, linking up with churches that are pastored and led by liberals who deny the very truths that one affirms.
People ask me this all the time, "I'm in a liberal church, what should I do?" Answer...leave immediately. People sometimes say to me, "I've come to know Christ, I'm in the Catholic Church, what should I do?" Leave immediately. The indication of this text couldn't be more clear. "Do not be bound together with unbelievers." And again, the context is a context of spiritual enterprise, spiritual activity, worship, teaching, evangelism, and ministry.
This is very prevalent today. As evangelicalism reaches wider and wider and wider and wants to embrace the culture and make it feel comfortable, wants to re-embrace the Roman system and make it comfortable, wants to embrace liberalism, wants to embrace false teachers who are all over the place and we who try to question that are seen as enemies of the church's unity. It is the corruption of Christianity by compromise and disobedience of this principle. And so it's important that we understand this principle and that we hear what the Spirit of God has to say in it.
Now let's go back to verse 14 and just remind ourselves of the command that is at the heart of this text. "Do not be bound together with unbelievers." And you remember he draws that unequally yoking picture from back in Deuteronomy where the prescription of God to the children of Israel was, "Don't hook up an ox and an ass to the same plow or you cannot get a straight furrow." Those two beasts have different natures. Common spiritual enterprise is the issue here and you can't link a believer to an unbeliever and achieve a godly end, all you will do is divert from the true purposes of God and inevitably corrupt the believer's who are engaged in such an unholy alliance. "Do not be bound together with unbelievers."
Now, there are five motives to this. There are five reasons for this. And I've shared them with you, at least the beginning. Let's go back and review the first two.
First of all, such a partnership is irrational...it is irrational. And that is Paul's point as he asks some rhetorical questions that are really axiomatic and all imply negative answers. Verse 14, "For what partnership have righteousness and lawlessness or what fellowship has light with darkness? Or what harmony has Christ with Belial, or Satan? Or what has a believer in common with an unbeliever?"
All of those rhetorical questions are intended to show the irrationality of believers and unbelievers linking together in any spiritual enterprise. The answer to those is self-evident. That's why we call them axioms. An axiom is a self-evident truth. It is obvious that righteousness and lawlessness can't be partners. Light and darkness can't fellowship. Christ and Satan can't work together. And believers and unbelievers don't share anything in common spiritually. It is absolutely irrational to do that.
In other words, common sense would tell you that is counter-productive. How can two walk together unless they agree, said the prophet Amos.
Secondly, and we're still reviewing, it is not only irrational to be linked with unbelievers in any spiritual enterprise, it is sacrilegious. It is sacrilegious. This is far more weighty as an argument or a motive than the first one. Notice verse 16, "What agreement has the temple of God with idols?" Answer, none. "For we are the temple of the living God, just as Gods said, I will dwell in them and walk among them and I will be their God and they shall be My people."
Now remember that I told you that all false religion is demon worship. An idol is nothing. But a demon is behind that nothing, impersonating that deity so that the worship of idols, the worship of any false religion is nothing more than the worship of demons, demon doctrines propagated by seducing spirits through hypocritical liars, as the Apostle Paul to Timothy. It is all part of the satanic counterfeit coming from one disguise as an angel of light who wants to damn people through the means of religion. All false religious systems are demonic. And Paul says to the Corinthians in 1 Corinthians 10, "You can't eat the table of the Lord and the table of demons, you can't keep going back and forth," it is blasphemous. And the reason is, "You are the temple of the living God," and I love the phrase "the living God," Paul likes to use that whenever he's talking about idols because he sets it over against the dead idols. You are the temple of the living God. You cannot bring idols into His temple.
Remember what happened, we saw that last time in Ezekiel. Ezekiel saw the idols in the temple of God and God left and Ichabod was written on the temple. Nor can you take the temple of God and put it in a temple of idols, we saw that in 1 Samuel, didn't we, chapter 4 where they took the ark of the covenant, the Philistines did, and they put it in the temple of Dagon the fish god. And God knocked Dagon over and cut off his head and cut off his hands and brought about a plague of mice that brought a black death upon the population. And those that didn't die were struck with tumors. You cannot take the temple of God and put it in an idol temple and you cannot take an idol and put it in the temple of God. We cannot coexist.
The Greeks and the Romans, of course, had their pantheons, that means all gods. They had big temples and all the gods were thrown in there together.We don't have anyone but the true living God. And to bring an idol into God's temple is to desecrate and blaspheme His name and to take God's temple and put it in an idol temple is to do the same. And here were the Corinthians who were the temple of God going into an idol temple and eating and involved in a festival and sometimes in the iniquitous things that went on. And here were the Corinthians taking...taking false teachers who really are satanic and bringing them into the church which is the corporate temple of God and letting them have a place and teach and influence. And such blasphemous activity is sacrilegious. We are the temple of the living God. We can have nothing to do with idols, idolatry.
So the mandate then is supported, first of all, by the reasonableness of it and the reverence of it. To be bound with unbelievers in any spiritual enterprise is irrational and sacrilegious. Sometimes people will say to me, "You know, I've come to Christ and I go to...to the Catholic Church, or I go to my old liberal church, or I go to my cult and then I come here." That's exactly what the Corinthians were doing. That is exactly what is forbidden here. It is irrational and it is sacrilegious. When you came to Christ you became the temple of the living God. You cannot take the temple of the living God and put it in a temple to idols in a demon environment without desecrating the very name of God.
All right, let's come to a third point. To be bound together with unbelievers is also disobedient. It is not just irrational and sacrilegious, it is disobedient. And verse 17 makes that abundantly clear because it says, "Therefore, come out from their midst and be separate, says the Lord, and do not touch what is unclean." So here you have a direct command. So someone who links up with false religionists is in direct disobedience.
"Therefore," is a very important link, "since you are the temple of God, since God walks in you, since you are His own possession," as verse 16 says, "therefore make a clean break." Realizing that you are personally indwelt by the living and almighty God, realizing the unspeakable grace and privilege of constant communion and power from the resident Holy Spirit, the sovereign One who lives in you leaves you no alternative but to obey your King, and your King says separate...separate. No other option can even be considered. God has expressly commanded this and the command is right here in verse 17. Paul says, "I am speaking for God Himself and telling you come out from their midst and be separate and do not touch what is unclean.
The same thought, in fact in some ways the same words, are expressed by the Old Testament prophet Isaiah. Turn back to Isaiah chapter 52. Paul knew certainly this Scripture well. And it is a suitable companion. In fact, it may well be that Paul had it in mind when he wrote that seventeenth verse...in Isaiah 52:7 the prophet Isaiah is given revelation from God regarding the coming salvation. "He talks about how lovely on the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news, the gospel, who announces peace and brings good news of happiness, who announce a salvation and says to Zion, `Your God reigns.'" In other words, how wonderful it is when someone will come and preach the gospel.
"Listen," verse 8, "your watchmen lift up their voices, they shout joyfully together for they will see with their own eyes when the Lord restores Zion. Break forth, shout joyfully together, you waste places of Jerusalem, for the Lord has comforted His people. He has redeemed Jerusalem. The Lord has bared His holy arm in the sight of all the nations that all the ends of the earth may see the salvation of our God."
So we know what he's talking about. He's talking about a time when God is going to send the Savior and the gospel will be preached and Israel will be saved. Now verse 11, "When that happens," he says, "depart, depart, go out from there, touch nothing unclean. Go out of the midst of her, purify yourselves." And there is a very similar if not a parallel if not even what Paul has in his mind, the passage that he is building on, as it were, in 2 Corinthians chapter 6.
And what is it saying? It's saying...Look, when salvation comes, make a clean break. Come out of your old idolatrous patterns, come out of those idolatrous habitats. No more idolatrous feasts and festivals and meals and celebrations. You make a clean break. Even if you are able to shun the overt sin of prostitution, or the overt sin of gluttony and vomiting and then eating more, or the overt sin of drunkenness and debauchery and wicked talk, even if you could shun all of that, just to be in that environment you cannot avoid the contamination of false worship and false teaching. It is going to assault the singularity of your devotion to the truth. You must make a clean break with what eats like gangrene.
And the call to Israel in the time of their salvation, whenever it happens through history, and certainly in the end when the Messiah comes and the nation is saved becomes a call to the Corinthians and to all who believe, from the moment of salvation on you make a clean break, particularly with false religion. It doesn't mean that we don't reach out to unbelievers, we are mandated to go into the world and preach the gospel to every creature to become all things to all men that we might by some means save them. We are here on this planet in order that we might reach out to the lost and love them and bring them to Christ. It doesn't mean that we are to divorce an unconverted spouse. It does not mean that at all. It does not mean that we cut off and sever all connections and relationships with unbelievers. What it does mean is we disengage ourselves with any form of false religion. That's what it means. We don't participate in that and we don't allow that to come alongside us as if we were accepting of it.
You say, "Do you mean unbelievers shouldn't come to church?" No, I don't mean that. I pray, God, that they will and when they do that they'll be saved. What I mean is church isn't to be designed to make pagans feel comfortable. That is not its purpose. They should be starkly held to accountability for their sins when they enter into the place of worship. And they should feel uncomfortable and disconcerted.
Ephesians chapter 5 reiterates basically the same principle. Obviously those in Ephesus were coming to Christ out of the same kind of pagan backgrounds and needing to make a very clean break. And in verse 6 of Ephesians 5 Paul talks about people who deceive with empty words, people who are nothing but the sons of disobedience on whom the wrath of God is going to come. And he says to the Ephesians in verse 7, "Do not be partakers with them." Don't partner up with those who are engaged in those false religions. "You were formerly darkness, but now you are light in the Lord. Walk as children of light." And verse 10, "Trying to learn what is pleasing to the Lord, do not participate in the unfruitful deeds of darkness but instead even expose them for it is disgraceful even to speak of the things which are done by them in secret." Things were engaged upon in the mystery religions, the secretive religions that were an absolute abomination to God. He says to the Ephesians, "You have nothing to do with them, you are light, you make a clean break with the darkness. You do what is pleasing to the Lord. You never participate in any of their unfruitful deeds."
And listen, better you should go to a saloon and spend the evening then that you should go to a religious institution proclaiming error and spend an evening. Because your pure mind and your comprehension of the truth is what is at stake in that environment. People send young people away to colleges that claim to be Christian and do nothing but assault the sound doctrines of the Word of God and wonder why they get back a product that is confused.
In Revelation chapter 18 the angel comes out of heaven and says, "Babylon has fallen...Babylon has fallen," and it talks about the foulness of Babylon, the final satanic Antichrist world system. And then the angel says, "God is going to destroy this place, God is going to bring it down." And then in verse 4 of Revelation 18 it says, "Come out from here. Get out of there. Separate yourself from that wicked system."
We are a holy people. We are a sanctified people, that means set apart, we are separated. We live in a profane and defiled culture. We understand that. We are lights in a dark world. But we do not engage in mutual religious activity of any kind with those who do not hold to the sound faith of the Scriptures. This is commanded.
And back then to our text for a moment in 2 Corinthians chapter 6, just to point out that the two verbs used there in verse 17 "come out" and "be separate" are both imperatives in the Greek, exerchomaiand aphorizo, they are imperatives, that is they are commands.
This is nothing new, beloved, absolutely nothing new. You can go all the way back to the Pentateuch, all the way back to the writings of Moses, the law, the first part of the Scripture...look, for example, at Leviticus chapter 20. This is a theme in Leviticus, it's not just in chapter 20, in fact it's all throughout the book of Leviticus. It reaches sort of a very important high point in Leviticus 20 but listen to what it says, "The Lord spoke to Moses," verse 1, "you shall also say to the sons of Israel, `Any man from the sons of Israel or from the alien sojourning in Israel who gives any of his offspring to Molech...that was child sacrifice offered in a fire to the god Molech...shall surely be put to death. The people of the land shall stone him with stones. I will also set My face against that man and will cut him off from among his people...that means take his life...because he has given some of his offspring to Molech as to defile My sanctuary and to profane My holy name.'"
I can't have anybody in the context of Israel, My people, doing anything that profanes My name. And here is the worship of Molech. He says in verse 6, "As for the person who turns to mediums and spirits...or spiritists, to play the harlot after them, I will set My face against that person and cut him off from among his people. You shall consecrate yourselves therefore and be holy for I am the Lord your God," verse 8, "You shall keep My statutes and practice them, I am the Lord who sanctifies you. I am the Lord who sets you apart."
Down in verse 24, end of the verse, "I am the Lord your God who has separated you from the peoples." Verse 26, "Thus you are to be holy to me for I the Lord am holy and I have set you apart from the peoples to be Mine." Again, this is separation. This is true biblical separation, we separate completely from all those who are engaged in false religion of any form, false teachers, false religious forms be they small or large. By the way, this theme continues through chapter 21 through chapter 22 of Leviticus.
Believers have always been told whether it's in Leviticus by Moses, whether it's in Isaiah by Isaiah, whether it's in 2 Corinthians by Paul, believers of all ages have been told to separate completely from any pagan religious environment, anything that is not the truth of God. Today we would say liberalism, neoorthodoxy, Romanism, cults, heretics, false teachers, and they abound everywhere. We must separate ourselves from them. We must not worship at the shrine of Satan or be exposed to demon idols or demon ideologies. In fact, in 2 Corinthians 10 Paul says that we have a task and the task we have, according to verse 4, is to destroy fortresses, to destroy satanic fortresses. He calls them in verse 5 "speculations or ideologies and every lofty thing raised up against the knowledge of God." Proud intellectualism, false religion, human ideologies, all those false systems are the very fortresses we destroy...and verse 5, "We take every thought captive to the obedience of Christ."
We don't partner with them, we assault them. People say, "Well, you shouldn't speak against these groups." Yes we need to speak against them, they are the fortresses, they are the satanic speculations, they are the demonic ideologies, they are the proud intellectualism of man lifted up against the truth of God and we must attack them with the Word, that is our spiritual weapon.
So not to be separated is disobedience. It is a violation of the command, "Come out from their midst and be separate." And then he adds, "Do not touch what is unclean." God sees false religion as the most abominable thing of all. That's why I said, you would be better off to spend an evening in a bar or a saloon then an evening in a church or an institution propagating false religion.
Do not touch, the word "touch" is haptomi, it means to touch in a carnal way. It's used, for example, in 1 Corinthians 7, "It's good for a man not to touch a woman, to avoid fornication." It's used in 1 John 5:18 where it talks about the evil one touching us." It is a carnal harmful touch. We don't get near that stuff. You remember in Jude it says when you...when you find someone in there you give them the gospel and you snatch them as a bran from the burning, it's like rescuing someone out of a fire. It is that kind of false religion that disrupts faith, that shipwrecks faith, that eats like gangrene. You may think you can waltz around with it or you can open up the church's doors and let it come flooding in without any negative effect, you are dead wrong. The church cannot embrace the ungodly, it cannot allow, tolerate false theology, false doctrine, those things that deny the truth of the Word of God. It cannot engage with people who do not believe the truth in any spiritual enterprise, whether it's worship, teaching, evangelism or any ministry. We cannot do that.
So we are commanded by the Lord to separate. Not to do so is irrational, sacrilegious and disobedient. I'll give you one more this morning. Not to do so is unprofitable. I use that word instead of stupid. It is foolish because it severs us from God's blessings. Would you notice the end of verse 17 and verse 18? The end of verse 17 says, "When you come out and separate yourself and do not touch what is unclean, and I will welcome you and I will be a Father to you and you shall be sons and daughters to Me, says the Lord Almighty."
Not to be separate is so foolish because what you're doing is cutting yourself off from the blessings of an intimate relationship with God. Here is God your Father who wants to embrace you, welcome literally means to receive with favor. This is the only time eisdechomaiis used in the New Testament, it means to open your arms and embrace, to fold in. And that is God who wants to welcome you. By the way, that could well be drawn from the Greek translation of Ezekiel 20 and verse 34 where God promises to receive Israel to Himself when she comes out of her idolatry. And He's saying if you will make the break My arms are wide open to pour our blessing...blessings of My love to you.
Now you will notice, and I want to give you a footnote here and I don't know exactly where to give it but I'll give it here. You will notice that as we've gone through verses 16, 17 and now in to verse 18, I have been mentioning that these are taken from the Old Testament. And I have suggested that it might have been Isaiah and...or some other passage that was in view here, when you come to this passage in verse 18 it well could have been that in the mind of Paul was a text in 2 Samuel chapter 7 and verse 14 which says, in effect, that you shall be sons and daughters to Me and I'll be a Father to you.
But in no case are these references to the Old Testament direct quotes. And I just want to comment on that. What I told you in our first session is that Paul takes a mosaic of Old Testament teaching and puts it all together to create this particular inspired text. And it leads me to tell you that when you study the Bible, you need to keep this in mind. Let me tell you how New Testament writers use the Old Testament.
First of all, there are times when they directly quote it. There are times when New Testament writers will directly quote the original Hebrew Old Testament. Secondly, there are times when New Testament writers will quote a translation of the Hebrew Old Testament, such as the Septuagint which is a Greek translation. And there are occasions when they quote the Greek translation of the Hebrew. Thirdly, there are many times when New Testament writers give the sense of an Old Testament passage without directly quoting the words of it. In other words, they take inspired liberties to give the sense of the text without the exact words, which, of course, conveys the same meaning.
Fourthly, New Testament writers will often blend together a combination of Old Testament passages so that you don't get the sense of one passage but you get the sense of several blended together to make one point. Fifthly, there are times when New Testament writers simply give the general teaching of the Old Testament without referring to any specific passage.
So when you read in the New Testament and it says "The Lord said," or, "As the prophet said," it could be any of those usages of the Old Testament. There are times when such usages aren't identified by the phrase "as God said," but are just drawn out of the Old Testament.
But one final note, New Testament writers never quote as authoritative anything but the Old Testament. So it is the only authoritative source.
And so, here is the Apostle Paul then in that fashion, drawing from the Old Testament, basically drawing the general sense of it, a few combined Scriptures, maybe a few specific words and blending them together in a mosaic of absolutely inspired truth to make the point that if we will make the severing and the separation and come out and get away from the unclean, the Lord will throw open His arms to pour out blessing upon us. And so I say to you, I would be an unfaithful pastor to you if I let this church get involved in any form of violation of this, I would be accountable to God for having brought you into a situation in which you would forfeit blessing. Why would I do that?
People sometimes say to me, "Do you get a lot of criticism when you take strong stands?" Answer, I get some criticism when I take stands, but that's all right. There's a lot at stake. And what is at stake among the many things is that I have to give an account to God for how I shepherded you. And if I'm not faithful to shepherd you into the green pastures and the still waters, and the places of blessing, then I don't want to have to stand before God to give an account for my...my tolerances which caused you to forfeit blessing. So I will draw the lines as closely and clearly as I can understand the Bible draws them. And we will do all we can to live within those lines, not for the sake of being rigid but for the sake of spiritual benefit. There can be no real blessing in the life of a believer who is in sinful, unholy alliances with ungodly idolaters. You will forfeit something, it doesn't mean you're going to die on the spot, it doesn't mean you're going to be bankrupt in the pauper's prison, it just means you're going to forfeit the fullness of God's blessing. There is immense reward for one who doesn't compromise with ungodly systems.
Verse 18, "And I will be a Father to you and you shall be sons and daughters to Me, says the Lord Almighty." In other words, you will engage for yourself all the richness of being a child of God. As I said, that probably most notably refers back to 2 Samuel 7:14 where that very statement is made. And, in fact, in 2 Samuel 7:14 that statement is made to David and it's in the text about God promising to David a son who would be Solomon and then a greater son who would be the Messiah. And when God made the promise that David would have a son and that son would build the temple as Solomon did, at the same time that God was making that promise to David He was reminding David of purity and how important it was that he stay separated, that his son stay separated and know the fullness of the blessing of the Fatherhood of God.
In fact, in 2 Samuel 7:14 it says about that son, "He'll build a house for My name," and it refers to Solomon and then further to the Messiah. "And I will establish the throne of his Kingdom forever, I'll be a Father to him and be...he'll be a son to Me. But when he commits iniquity, Solomon, I'll correct him with the rod of men and the stokes of the sons of men." He'll be My son and I'll have all this blessing for him, but if violates Me I'll have to correct him. And that's the choice we have. Every son whom the Lord loves He scourges, according to Hebrews, so you have your choice, scourging or blessing. And it all goes back to obedience.
So God said to David, the son Solomon, if he obeys Me I'll bless him, if he doesn't I'll chasten him. The idea is that God embraces with blessing those who separate themselves from sin.
Now when you became a Christian you received the authority to become a child of God. God is your Father and you are His son and His daughter. You have received in such gracious form all the richness of that parenthood from God. But any alliance that defiles, anything that interrupts this wonderful communion with God, then cuts off blessing. God is our Father and we are His children and we must repudiate all contaminating religious alliances with darkness and lawlessness and sin and Satan, or we will be chastened and we will forfeit blessing.
Well that promise was given to David and to David's son, Solomon. And you know the sad story. Turn to 1 Kings chapter 11. Solomon did not listen. He did not obey and he just made one unholy alliance after another. He was the supreme compromiser. Chapter 11 of 1 Kings and verse 1 tells the sad story. "Now King Solomon loved many foreign women. You might say he never saw a woman he didn't like. I mean, he was the proto-typical womanizer. King Solomon loved many foreign women along with the daughter of Pharaoh. He didn't even care who they were. And, of course, the daughter of Pharaoh would be as pagan as pagan can get and would have all kinds of idols and false gods. He loved Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians and HIttite women. All of them from the nations concerning which the Lord had said to the sons of Israel, `You shall not associate with them, neither shall they associate with you.'" You can't go either way. Why? Because, listen to me carefully, their society is indistinguishable from their religion. Their societies, their cultures were dominated by their deities. You can't associate with them. Because if you enter into any alliance, any religious participation, you can't participate in their religion, you can't let them participate in yours for they will surely turn your heart away after their gods.
God said that and Solomon ignored it and held fast to these women in love. He ignored it. To show you how far gone this guy was, he had 700 wives. Now one wife can turn a man away, 700 working on him. He had princesses, he had 300 concubines...the wives were the princesses. He was the king, 300 concubines. Those were just extra women in case he got bored with the 700. And his wives turns his heart away. Why? Cause they all had their own gods...they all had their own deities. They were all pagans.
"It came about when Solomon was old, his wives turned his heart away after other gods and his heart was not wholly devoted to the Lord his God as the heart of David his father had been." Is that sad? You would think Solomon was so wise. When he was asked what he wanted, he wanted wisdom from God. He...he was all around the truth all the time but, boy, when you expose yourself to the influence of idolatry, it is devastating.
I'll never forget a young man with whom I had a close association in seminary. One of the most tragic things. We were dear friends. We participated in all kinds of activities together. He was headed to the ministry, as I was. We graduated from Talbot Seminary the same year. He married a Buddhist. It wasn't long until there was a Buddhist altar in his house. It wasn't long until he had abandoned the faith. One wife.
You know, whenever I see men who are notably in the main stream of the church and evangelicalism, and all of a sudden they seem to fall off into some serious deviation or error, I always want to ask, "What is the wife like?" Certainly in many, many cases, if not most, that's where Satan's subtleties enter in.
"Solomon...according to verse 5...went after Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Sidonians. And after Milcom the detestable idol of the Ammonites. And Solomon did what was evil in the sight of the Lord and didn't follow the Lord fully as David his father had done. And Solomon built a high place for Chemosh, the detestable idol of Moab, on the mountain which is east of Jerusalem and for Molech, the detestable idol of the sons of Ammon. Thus also he did for all his foreign wives who burned incense and sacrificed to their gods. Now the Lord was angry with Solomon because his heart was turned away from the Lord, the God of Israel who had appeared to him twice." You'd think if he had two personal visits from God he wouldn't have trouble holding on to his theology, but he did. "And had commanded him concerning the thing that he should not go after other gods, but he didn't observe what the Lord had commanded. So the Lord said to Solomon, `Because you have done this and you have not kept My covenant, and My statutes which I have commanded you, I will surely tear the kingdom from you and give it to your servant."
That's what happens when you make unholy alliances. God just rips the blessing right out of your hand. Go over to chapter 11 verse 31. And here is Jeroboam whom you know came in to be the king following Solomon when the kingdom split. And this Ahijah, the prophet, speaks to Jeroboam in verse 31, "Take for yourself ten pieces, for thus says the Lord, the God of Israel, Behold, I'll tear the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon and give you ten tribes."
So ten tribes are ripped out the hand of Solomon and ten of them go to the north. "But he will have one tribe for the sake of My servant David and that was Benjamin who was given with Judah in the south a city which I have chosen from the tribes of Israel. Because they have forsaken Me and worshiped Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Sidonians," and all of that and he goes through the whole scenario. The kingdom was split. It was ripped out of Solomon's hand. It was tragically divided. There never was another good king in the north.
You come all the way down to verse 38, "And then it will be," He says to Jeroboam, verse 37, "I will take you and you shall reign over whatever you desire and you shall be king over Israel." But then He says, "Then it will be that if you listen to all that I command you and walk in My ways and do what is right in My sight by observing My statutes and My commandments as My servant David did, then I will be with you and build you an enduring house as I built for David and I will give Israel to you."
Again, God comes right back and says, "I'm tearing his kingdom to pieces but if you'll just obey Me, I'll bless you." It's the same point. When you make unholy alliances, you are cursed. When you don't, you are blessed. God who is Father desires to pour out the best of His loving gifts on His children and He'll do just that if we are not bound together with unbelievers.
So summing up what we've said then, if we are bound together with unbelievers in any spiritual enterprise, it is irrational, it is sacrilegious, it is disobedient and it is unprofitable.
There's one more point, I'll say that till next Sunday, it's a very important one and it's in verse 1 of chapter 7. It is ungrateful...it is ungrateful. He says in verse 1, "Therefore having these promises, beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all defilement of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God." The point being, how could you take all these promises that God has given to you, all these monumental gifts from Him and be so ungrateful as to pursue unholy alliances? More about that next time.
In closing, there's a wonderful account, actually, as a somewhat old account of a man who was brought to trial by the name of Ignatius. He was standing face-to-face with the Roman emperor Tragen(?). "Who art thou?" said Tragen. "Thou wretch of a devil, that are so ready to transgress our orders while you seduce others also that they may come to the same bad end."
Ignatius said, "No man calls one that beareth God a wretch of a devil for the devils stand aloof from the servants of God."
Tragen said, "And who is he that beareth God?"
Ignatius answered, "He that hath Christ in his heart."
Tragen said, "Do you not think then that we too have gods in our hearts, seeing that we employ them as allies against our enemies?"
Ignatius said, "You are deceived when you call the devils of the nations gods for there is one God who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all things that are therein and one Christ Jesus, His only begotten Son whose friendship I enjoy."
Tragen said, "Are you speaking of Him who was crucified under Pontius Pilate?"
Ignatius said, "I speak of Him that nailed on the cross sin and its author and sentenced every malice of the devils to be trampled under foot of those that carry Him in their hearts."
Tragen said, "Do you then carry Christ within you?"
Ignatius said, "Yes, for it is written, `I will dwell in them and will walk in them.'"
Tragen then gave the sentence and this is the sentence: It is our order that Ignatius who says he bears about the crucified in himself shall be put in chains by the soldiers and taken to mighty Rome, there to be made food for wild beasts as a spectacle and a diversion for the people.
The lines are drawn just that clearly. We have Christ in our hearts. We have no religious communion with those who do not. We are the children of God, and they are the children of Satan. There can be no mutual, spiritual enterprise. Such compromise desecrates the name of Christ, gives false assurance to the unbeliever and pollutes the Christian. More on this next time. Let's pray.
Father, these words are so direct and so clear to us. Help us, Father, to see them, to see their application. We cannot stand here and give every conceivable application of these matters. Suffice it to know the principle and to walk in the Spirit who then gives wisdom and strength for the application in every situation. We call Your church to come out and be separate. And yet at the same time with tears and passion to reach the lost who are trapped in these evil systems. We want to reach them with the gospel but we cannot participate in any way with them nor have them participate with us, lest we act sacrilegiously, disobediently, unreasonably and unprofitably and ungratefully.
Father, we ask that You would give us wisdom. Help us to find that delicate balance wherein we can still love and bring the truth and snatch those brans from the burning. We pray in the glorious name of Christ who died to save sinners. Amen.
Return to Top
or browse by Topic or


text:
Namma Metro
|Native name
|ನಮ್ಮ ಮೆಟ್ರೋ
|Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL)
|Bangalore, Karnataka, India
|Transit type
|Rapid transit
|Number of lines
|2 (operational)
2 (Phase I Target-Mar 2015)
4 (Phase II Target-Dec 2019)
|Number of stations
|16 (operational)
41 (Phase I Target-Mar 2015)[1]
102 (Phase II Target-Dec 2019)[2]
|Daily ridership
|40,380 (March 2014)[3]
|Chief executive
|Pradeep Singh Kharola, MD
|BMTC Complex, Shanthinagar, Bangalore
|Began operation
|20 October 2011
|Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (BMRCL)
|Train length
|3 coaches
|10–15 minutes
|System length
|42.3 km (26.3 mi) (Phase I)[1]
114.39 km (71.08 mi) (Phase II)
|No. of tracks
|Track gauge
|1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
|750V DC Third rail
|Average speed
|40 km/h (25 mph)
|Top speed
|80 km/h (50 mph)
Namma Metro (Kannada: ನಮ್ಮ ಮೆಟ್ರೋ, literally "Our Metro") also known as Bangalore Metro, is a metro system for the city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The agency responsible for its implementation is the Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (BMRCL), a joint venture of the Government of India and the Government of Karnataka.[4] The first stretch (Reach 1) between Baiyyappanahalli and M.G. Road was inaugurated on 20 October 2011.[5] Reach 3 & 3A between Sampige Road and Peenya Industrial Area was inaugurated on 1 March 2014.[6]
- 1 History
- 2 Network
- 3 Finances
- 4 Infrastructure
- 5 Operations
- 6 Fatalities
- 7 Gallery
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
A mass transit system for Bangalore was initially conceived as a public-private partnership (PPP) in 1993.[7] The detailed project report (DPR) for Phase I of Namma Metro project was prepared by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) and submitted to the BMRCL in May 2003. The final approval on a scheme that incorporated the expertise of DMRC and RITES Limited did not come until April 2006.[8] The DPR prepared by DMRC envisaged a 33 km (21 mi) elevated and underground rail network with 32 stations for Phase I of the project. The proposed gauge was standard gauge unlike the broad gauge on the Delhi Metro network. The rationale for the metro includes reduced journey times, cutting fuel use, accident reduction and lower pollution.[citation needed]
Construction work for Phase I of the project was scheduled to start in 2005 but was delayed by a February 2006 change of government in Karnataka and continued debate over whether the project was financially feasible and appropriate for the city. Finally, on 25 April 2006 the Indian Cabinet approved the project, which was then budgeted at more than 54 billion (US$890 million) (Later revised to 116.09 billion (US$1.9 billion) for Phase I).[9] In 2006, Navayuga Engineering was awarded the contract to construct Reach 1 of the East-West corridor.[10] The foundation stone for the Phase I construction was laid by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 24 June 2006,[11] and civil construction on Reach I of the line, between M.G. Road and Baiyyappanahalli, commenced on 15 April 2007.[12]
- Track gauge: Bangalore metro uses standard gauge unlike Delhi Metro. But, the recent studies have found that broad-gauge is suited for Indian conditions as well as long term economical feasibility as India has growing population. Indian metro trains with standard gauge does not provide seating facility and favoured towards standing travel. Ahmedabad Metro has chosen driverless technology and broad gauge as it provides comfort to the passengers.[13] Bangalore metro has not migrated from standard gauge to broad gauge for new lines in the Phase-2 or Phase-3 of the project. It has however, as a reply to an RTI application, defended the decision to use Standard Gauge.[14]
- Break of gauge with suburban rail: There is a break-of-gauge with proposed suburban rail for Bangalore. This will hinder the seamless door-to-door railway travel between office and home, as well as freight movement between city and suburbs. Any future plan to move the truck movement to the Central business district through the railway track will get effected by this (to reduce pollution and congestion on road). Connectivity to the Whitefield ICD can be enhanced by effective use of metro network.[15] As of now movement of freight trucks and heavy construction machinery within city limit happens only in night.
- Maglev line: BMRC has also not shown interest towards introducing Maglev trains for the new lines.[16][17]
- Seating capacity: Seats inside the coaches will not be increased in the phase-2 and phase-3, as in many of the European metros.
Phase I[edit]
Phase I spans a length of 42.3 km and consists of 2 lines:[18] Implementation of Phase I has been divided into 4 "reaches" and 2 underground sections. It will be fully opened for service from March 2015. As Chief Minister Siddaramaiah informed the Legislative Assembly in January 2014, the total project cost is expected to be 138.45 billion (US$2.3 billion) due to cost escalation following unexpected delays in meeting the deadlines. The delays result in a cost escalation of 34.73 billion (US$570 million).
The schedule for completion of Phase I is as follows:[19]
|Opening date
|Reach 1 (east)
|M.G. Road
|20 October 2011
|Reach 2 (west)
|Mysore Road
|Magadi Road
|December 2014[20]
|Underground UG2 (east to west)
|M.G. Road
|Magadi Road
|March 2016[21]
|Reach 3 (north)
|Sampige Road
|1 March 2014
|Reach 3A (north)
|Peenya Industry
|1 March 2014
|Reach 3B (north)
|Peenya Industry
|December 2014
|Underground UG1 (north to south)
|Sampige Road
|National College
|March 2016[22]
|Reach 4 (south)
|National College
|R.V. Road
|March 2015
|Reach 4A (south)
|R.V. Road
|March 2015
In 2007, BMRCL announced that it would incorporate a northern extension (from Yeshwanthapura to Hesaraghatta Cross) and part of the southern extension (from RV Road to Puttenahalli) in Phase I, thus extending the length of Phase I network to about 42 km (26 mi), with 40 stations. The objective was to connect the metro to the Outer Ring Road at both ends, and also cover the industrial areas of Peenya in the north-west, thereby providing better connectivity and increasing ridership.[citation needed] In October 2008, the Government of Karnataka approved this extension, which would cost an additional 15.92 billion (US$260 million).[23]
|Elevated Length (km)
|Underground Length (km)
|Total Length (km)
|Purple Line
|Green Line
Phase II[edit]
The detailed project report (DPR) for Phase II was prepared by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.[24] The high power committee (HPC), in July 2011, gave in-principle clearance to proceed with Phase II.[25] The Karnataka government gave in-principle approval to Phase II of the Namma Metro project on 3 January 2012.[26][27] Phase II was cleared by the expenditure finance committee (EFC) in August 2013.[28] The Union cabinet announced that it has approved plans for phase II on January 30, 2014.[29] The estimated total cost for Phase II is around 264.05 billion (US$4.3 billion).[30] Phase II covers a span of 72.095 km – 13.79 km underground, 0.48 km at grade and 57.825 km elevated, and adds 61 stations to the network, of which 12 are underground.[31] Construction of the second phase will begin in 2014, after completion of the first phase.[32] On 28 February 2014, the Chief Minister Siddaramaiah said the work will be completed within five years.[33]
Phase 2 will include extension of Phase 1 corridors as well as the construction of two new lines. Proposed work includes a 13.9-km underground stretch in the new 21.25-km Gottigere–Nagawara line.
The corporation has already begun the process of identifying land required for viaducts and coordinating with the Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB) to issue the land acquisition notifications.
Phase II consists of extensions for all four reaches of the metro and two new lines.[34]
|New Stations
|Expected Work Completion date
|■ Purple Line
|Mysore Road – Kengeri
|6.465 km
|December 2019
|■ Purple Line
|Baiyyappanahalli – Whitefield
|15.50 km
|December 2019
|■ Green Line
|Puttenahalli – Anjanapura
|6.29 km
|December 2019
|■ Green Line
|Hesaraghatta cross – BIEC
|3.77 km
|December 2019
|■ Line 3
|R V Road – Bommasandra
|18.80 km
|December 2019
|■ Line 4
|Gottigere – Nagavara
|21.25 km
|December 2019
The project cost of 264.05 billion (US$4.3 billion) is the 2011–12 price level, which it is set to escalate at 5 per cent every year with increasing cost of inputs. The Union government will share that part of cost escalation due to increase in central levies, while the Karnataka State and BMRCL have to bear any other escalation. According to the experts, the total project cost for Phase II is estimated to reach at least 300.00 billion (US$4.9 billion) at the start of construction itself.
BMRCL estimates that around 2,000 properties, spread over 200 hectares of land, will have to be acquired for construction of Phase II. Land acquisition will be carried out by the Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB), and compensation for structures on acquired land will be evaluated as per the Public Works Department's (PWD) schedule of rates for compensation. Compensation for land will be as per market value. A land committee, constituted by BMRCL, and assisted by an appointed real estate consultant will decide the market value of land.[36]
Phase III[edit]
The detailed project report (DPR) for Phase III is being prepared by RITES. 133 km phase 3 of metro will connect Nagawara and Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) by a 25-km line; Sarjapur Layout (station, Carmelaram) and Yelahanka (station, Kogilu Road Cross) by a 35-km line covering Central College, Palace Guttahalli, Mekhri Circle and Hebbal; and a 17-km line from the Nice Ring Road to Toll Gate via Magadi Road.
Airport high-speed rail link from CBD[edit]
There was a proposal to build a 33 km line known as Bangalore High-Speed Rail Link, from MG Road to Bengaluru International Airport (BIA), at a cost of 57.67 billion (US$950 million).[37] Previously, there was plan for an independent body, but later it was decided that BMRC will manage this project.[38]
In June 2012, Karnataka chief secretary S.V. Ranganath, asked BMRC to prepare a note on including an extension to the airport in Phase II of Namma Metro. Under the new plan, the Gottigere – Nagavara will be extended to the airport.[39] The extension, from Nagavara to BIA, was estimated to cost 50 billion (US$820 million) and had to be implemented in PPP mode.[40]
Chief executive of Consortia of Infrastructure Engineers, a consultant to the Karnataka government, suggested that the high-speed rail line would be a waste of money, "The costs projected by the government would have meant that the HSRL would turn out to be more expensive than the airport itself." The project also faced problems because the proposed line would pass close to an air force training base. The government considered constructing half of the line underground until the training base but decided against it due to the huge cost escalation for an underground line.
This project has now been scrapped keeping in mind its viability and cost. Obviously, there was some pressure from certain quarters to explore the metro option instead of the high-speed link. So, this airport metro extension from Nagavara to BIAL might be considered for inclusion in Phase III.
The underground work of Phase I commenced in May 2011. Each corridor consists of two tunnels which are the first underground tunnels built for trains in South India. The tunnels, dug using tunnel boring machines (TBM), are located approximately 60 feet below ground level, have a diameter of 5.5metres and are 5metres apart. Three TBMs were used for tunnelling work on the Purple Line and they were nicknamed Helen (TBM 1), Margarita (TBM 2), Kaveri (TBM 3) and Krishna.[41][42][43][44][45] [46]
As of January 2013, progress on the underground connection between Reach-1 and Reach-2 was put on hold. A statue of Dalit leader Ambedkar had stirred up a controversy, as it stands above the planned metro rail line near Bangalore's Vidhan Soudha. Dalit groups had opposed shifting of the statue, while the government had sought to avoid controversy by not following court orders to temporarily shift the statue while construction continues. The controversy delayed the project by six months and caused delays to the north-south reaches which plan to use the Majestic interchange.[47][48]
Underground UG2 (east to west corridor) tunneling work on this 18.1 km was completed on 17 March 2014 after tunnel boring machine Helen (TBM 1) finished its task of tunneling 229m between Bangalore City railway station underground (UG) station and Kempegowda UG station (Majestic). Now, the twin tunnels between Cubbon Park UG station and City Railway Station UG station are ready for track laying and other related works.[49]
Namma Metro was originally scheduled to begin operations in March 2010. Deadlines for completion were repeatedly missed,[50] and the metro was finally opened to the public on 20 October 2011 by Union Urban Development Minister Kamal Nath.[51] There was an overwhelming response to the metro at the commencement of operations. As per BMRCL sources within first 3 days of operations 169,019 people used this mass transit system.[52] At the end of 4th day about 200,000 passengers had already commuted in Namma Metro. Namma Metro's first 12-day cumulative revenue was 10 million (US$160,000).[53]
The State Government removed N Sivasailam as MD of Namma Metro on 10 August 2013. He was replaced by Pradeep Singh Kharola.[54][55][56] Sivasailam had been appointed BMRCL MD on 12 June 12, 2008, after then managing director V. Madhu was transferred.[57] The Green Line (Reach 3, 3A & 3B) was initially scheduled to be opened for the public by the end of 2012. However, according to the BMRCL, because of the time taken by the Indian Railways to approve works at Swastik Station and Malleswaram 66-metre metro viaduct, the Green Line was expected to open only in April–May 2013. However, the timelines were delayed further.[citation needed]
The 9.9 km Reach 3 and 3A of the Green Line (from Peenya Industry to Mantri Square Sampige Road) was inaugurated by Chief Minister Siddaramaiah by flagging off a train from the Rajajinagar station on 28 February 2014. The train on its maiden journey only went as far as the Yeswanthpur station. On its return trip, the metro train sped past the Mahalakshmi, Sandal Soap Factory, Kuvempu Road and Srirampura stations before halting at the Mantri Square Sampige Road station. With the opening of this stretch, the total Namma Metro rail network in the city reached 17 km out of the 42.3 km planned under Phase I.[58] The line was opened to the public from 6am the following day.[59] BMRCL Managing Director Pradeep Singh Kharola stated that about 25,000 passengers travelled on the line on opening day.[60] At the time of the line's opening, only four of the 10 stations in the stretch of Reaches 3 and 3A, were fully ready to handle operations.[61] Civil works had not been completed at Peenya Industry and Peenya stations, among others. These were covered up by huge paintings, and work was expected to complete only in another two months.[62] BMRC officials estimated that about 35,000 people took the train on Reach 3 and 3A till 10pm on the second day of operations, while the total number of commuters that travelled on the entire network (including the Purple Line) was 60,000.[63][64] In the first month of operations, 7.62 lakh people at an average of 24,605 people daily used the line, generating a revenue of 1.5 crore (US$250,000).[3]
Namma Metro is being built in phases. Phase I of Namma Metro covers a total of 42.30 km and will be completed by the end of 2014. Phase II spans a length of 72.1 km. The entire network after completion of phase 2 is as given below.
|First operational
|Last Extension
|Purple Line
|20 October 2011
|Green Line
|1 March 2014
|Line 3
|R V Road
|Line 4
Purple Line[edit]
The Purple Line will connect Baiyappanahalli in the east to Mysore Road in the west, covering a distance of 18.1 kilometres (11.2 mi). It is partly elevated, partly underground and has one station at grade. The inauguration of the first stretch between Baiyappanahalli and M.G. Road was on 20 October 2011.
Green Line[edit]
The Green Line will be the second line of the Metro to be opened and will connect Nagasandra in the north to Putenhalli in the south, covering a distance of 24.2 kilometres (15.0 mi). It is partly elevated, partly underground and has one station at grade. The first stretch to open is the 9.9 km long Reach 3 and Reach 3A. The stretch connects Swastik to Peenya Industrial Area.[65]
The Union Cabinet approved Phase I of the Namma Metro in April 2006 when it was estimated to cost 54 billion (US$890 million). The cost escalated to 116.09 billion (US$1.9 billion) as various problems delayed the completion.[66] BMRCL received 7 billion (US$110 million) from Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO), 250 million (US$4.1 million) from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), 23% from the Central Government, 33% from the State Government and the rest as a 49.05 billion (US$800 million) loan from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[67][68]
On 3 January 2012, the Karnataka government approved a budget of 270 billion (US$4.4 billion) for Phase II of Namma Metro project. It was initially expected to cost around 250 billion (US$4.1 billion).[69] On 27 March 2012, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed an agreement to lend $250 million to BMRC to part-finance Phase II of the metro rail project. The loan marked the multilateral lending agency's foray into the urban transport sector in South Asia, the ADB said in a press release.[70] The loan, approved by the ADB Board in March 2011, is the first ADB loan to the urban transport sector without recourse to sovereign guarantees.[71] The State and Central Governments will bear 30% and 20% of the project cost of Phase II respectively. The remaining amount will be obtained through senior term loans.[72]
BMRCL issued a press release on 13 June 2013, that announced that the company was planning to issue 10-year bonds (non-tax-free and non-convertible debentures) through private placement, by July 2013.[73] This would have been the first "Metro Bond" issued in India. The corporation expects to bring down the cost of debt capital through the issue of these bonds by taking advantage of the prevailing yields in the bond market, and also repay expensive loans and reduce its financial burden.[4] The proposed bonds received a credit rating of "IND AA" from India Ratings & Research (Ind-Ra),[74] a Chennai-based research company, which focuses on expenditure in urban infrastructure improvement. The rating authority defines the "IND AA" as "instruments to have high degree of safety regarding timely servicing of financial obligations and carry very low credit risk".[75] Namma Metro MD N. Sivasailam announced on 3 August 2013 that the issue of bonds would be postponed as the market was volatile. Sivasailam stated that the metro would "be in the market soon and when it is stable."[76]
Revenues and Profits[edit]
During the first month, since the opening of Reach I, about 1325,000 people travelled by the metro.[77] On average, 41,390 people took the train every day, while the average daily revenue was 667,262. The BMRC earned a revenue of 21 million (US$340,000) in its first month of operation.[78] In the first six months of operation, average ridership went down to 24,968. The BMRC earned a total of 66 million (US$1.1 million) during the same period.[79]
Namma Metro posted a profit of 4.1 million (US$67,000) after almost one year of operating Reach I. BMRCL estimates that nearly 8 million passengers travelled on the system, in its first year of operations.[80]
Rolling stock[edit]
The specification for rolling stock is based on stainless steel-bodied three-car formations, a trailer between two motored driving units. Internal wide gangways provide ease of passenger movement and assist in load distribution. Trains are air-conditioned throughout with designated space for disability access. Although with many automated functions, trains are under driver control.
The capacity per train is approximately 1,000 through longitudinal seating, giving a high proportion of the floor area to standing passengers. The maximum attainable speed is 80 km/h (50 mph).[citation needed]
Initially the bids by Bombardier and Siemens, Alstom Projects India Ltd and consortium comprising BEML, Mitsubishi and Hyundai Rotem were shortlisted to supply the rolling stock and coaches. In February 2009, the BEML-led consortium was awarded the contract to supply 150 coaches and rolling stock for the first phase of the project. While Mitsubishi would supply the traction for the coaches, Hyundai Rotem would supply the rolling stock and BEML would supply the coaches for Phase I.[81]
The first trainset made a trial run in December 2010.[82]
Power supply[edit]
The power for the system is 750 V DC bottom contact third rail supply. In December 2009, the ABB Group was awarded the contract to provide power solutions for the first phase of the planned metro network. ABB will design, supply, install and commission four substations that receive and distribute electricity, each rated at 66/33 kV, as well as the auxiliary and traction substations. ABB will also provide an integrated network management, or SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), system to monitor and control the installations.[83]
Signaling and communications[edit]
The integrated control centre at Byappanahalli has direct communication with trains and stations are CCTV fitted with visual and audio service information.[84] Passengers have emergency voice communication with train staff.
In September 2009, the consortium led by Alstom Project India Limited were awarded a contract worth 5634 million (US$92.4 million) to supply control and signalling system for the first phase of the project. The consortium is led by Alstom and composed of Alstom Transport SA, Thales Group Portugal S A and Sumitomo Corporation. Alstom will provide the design, manufacture, supply, installing, testing and commissioning of the train control and signalling system and Thales will provide the design, installing, testing and commissioning of the telecommunication system for Phase I of the metro system. It includes the Urbalis 200 Automatic Train Control system which will ensure optimal safety, flexible operations and heightened passenger comfort.[85][86]
The work area of each underground station is 270 m x 50 m, while the station box measures 270 m x 25 m. The stations' roofs are be 3–6 m below the road. The roof slabs and walls are about 1 m thick, to bear load from all sides.[87] Initially, there were no toilets at Namma Metro stations, despite demand from commuters. BMRCL countered the demand by arguing that constructing toilets was not part of the metro construction plan, and that building toilets in the city was the responsibility of the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). They also justified the decision by saying that commuters spent "hardly five minutes" at stations, so restrooms were not required, and also that none of the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) bus stops in the city had toilets for passengers. However, BMRCL eventually heeded public demand, and the metro's first toilets were opened at Baiyappanahalli and Indiranagar stations on 21 June 2013.[88]
Facilities and services[edit]
All metro trains are Wi-Fi enabled (the first metro in India to have this feature), so passengers can use laptops, tablets as well as mobile internet.[84] The free Wi-Fi service was made available to commuters on 31 July 2013.[89] Passengers also have emergency voice communication with train staff through a speaker system. Passengers are provided with a call button to communicate anything to the driver or control center during an emergency.[84]
Metro stations are equipped with automated external defibrillators (AED) that can be used in the event a passenger suffers cardiac arrest.[90] Station staff will be trained in their use.[91]
Handicapped facilities[edit]
Yellow tactile tiles are used at all stations to guide the visually impaired. The tiles start at the ramp and lead to the staircases and lifts.[92]
BMRCL has road-cum-rail vehicles for relief and rescue operations, which can be used for rescue in cases of derailment of train or other rail vehicles on mainline and in depot. It can also be used as a rescue vehicle in cases of accidents, including collapse of structures, or blockage of access to structures. The diesel-powered vehicles can be driven on road as well as on the track, and is loaded with special equipment for performing re-railing of rail vehicles and for carrying out of rescue operations. It is also provided with a coupler for shunting of rail load up to 100 tonnes. They are manufactured by Mercedes Benz, and the vehicles supplied to BMRCL by Zargo, Germany at a cost of 3 crore. BMRCL currently has one vehicle in operation from Byappanahalli depot for the Purple Line and Peenya depot for the Green Line.[93]
The trains are equipped with derailment prevention equipment, and the tracks are equipped with concrete barriers to prevent trains from leaving the viaduct. The support pillars are earthquake proof and are designed to have a lifespan of at least 100 years. Trains are equipped with sensors to detect impending collisions, and have automatic braking systems to prevent speed limits from being exceeded.[94]
Rainwater harvesting[edit]
BMRCL, in a public-private partnership, harvests rainwater from the viaducts on the rail system. The private partner, Karnataka Rural Infrastructure Development (KRIDL), collects the water at multiple points, treats it, and sells it in bulk as potable water.[95] Around 80 million litres of water are expected to be collected annually.[96]
BMRCL also plans to harvest rainwater from the 140 acre depot facility at Peenya. Water will be collected from the 190,000 sq foot roof and stored in two tanks with a capacity of 50,000 litres each. Rainwater harvesting is also planned in the existing and under-construction stations. The water harvested will be supplied to places where needed, and any excess will be used to recharge groundwater.[96]
BMRC has completed installation of water harvesting system along Reach 1 and will be doing the same for Reaches 3 & 4. BMRC will also set up flower beds on Reach 1 with assistance from the horticulture department. However, the work related to this has slowed down due to garbage contractors dumping garbage along the median, due to a lack of landfills in the city.[97] BMRC will rejuvenate Kengeri and Veerasandra lakes using the water collected from the corridor that passes close to these lakes.[98][99]
BMRCL is also construsting Hi tech Pregnancy ward in Vani Vilas hospital permises .This project is constructed under guideance of BMRCL R
4 Chief Engineer and this project is going to commissioned by jun 2015.
The minimum fare is 10 and maximum fare of 15 for Reach-1.[100]
Namma Metro uses contactless smart tokens and contactless smart card.[101] Tokens are available only for single journey. A person can buy up to 6 tokens for additional five passengers and himself.
There are 4 types of smart cards available on the metro – Varshik, Sanchar, Saral and Saraag.[102]
- Varshik is priced at 100. It is valid for a year, and provides a 15% discount on fares. The card can be recharged.
- Sanchar is available in denominations of 10, 40, 50 and 100.
- Saral costs 70. It permits one day's travel on BMTC air-conditioned buses and on the metro.
- Saraag costs 110. It permits one day's travel on BMTC non-air-conditioned buses and on the metro.[103]
BMRCL began selling tokens through automatic ticket vending machines (ATVMs) on 4 December 2012 at MG Road, Indiranagar and Baiyyappanahalli stations. The service will eventually be expanded to all metro stations. The touchscreen enabled ATVMs are available in 3 languages – English, Kannada and Hindi. Commuters can purchase a single journey token by selecting the destination station or the amount in the ATVM. They can also add value or add trips to the tickets in the contactless smart card. Commuters can purchase up to 8 tickets at a time and can get the receipt print for card recharge. ATVMs accept coins of 5 and 10 denominations and 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 denominations of currency notes. However, the ATVM cannot differentiate between 1 and 2 coins.[104][105]
Approximately, 68% of passengers on the metro use smart tokens and 32% use smart cards.[80] MIFARE DESFire platform, developed by NXP Semiconductors, was selected to manage the Automated Fare Collection (AFC) in Namma Metro.[106]
The metro service runs between 0600 and 2200 hours. There are trains every 15 minutes between 0600 and 0800, 10 minutes between 0800 and 2000, and 15 minutes between 2000 and 2200.[107] The frequency is slated to increase to once every three minutes by 2021. The travel time from end to end on the Purple Line will be 33 minutes, and on the Green Line will be 44 minutes.
Metro services have occasionally operated beyond 2200 hours. Services are usually extended on festival days or when a major cricket match is held in Bangalore.[108][109]
The system is designed for a maximum train speed of 80 km/h. However, the Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO) fixed the speed at which trains are allowed commercially operate at 67.50 km/h on straight lines, 45 km/h while entering the stations and 35 km/h at the curves on a stretch.[110]
Reach 1
The average daily ridership of Reach 1 of Namma Metro is 24,968. The Metro's highest recorded ridership was 85,004, on 23 October 2011, the Sunday following the service's inauguration.[79]
Reach 1, 3 and 3a
Now, the average daily ridership of Reaches 1, 3 and 3a of Namma Metro is 110,000.
The Bangalore Metro Rail (Carriage and Ticket) Rules 2011 limit the weight of personal baggage to 15 kg. Rule 3 says: "No person shall, while travelling in metro railway, carry with him any goods other than a small baggage containing personal belongings not exceeding 60cm x 45cm x 25cm in size and 15kg in weight, except with the prior approval of the metro railway administration." The rules also prohibit carrying explosive, inflammable, and poisonous substances.[111]
The Metro Railway (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002, imposes fines and in some cases jail sentences for offences committed on the metro. Anyone indulging in sabotaging the train or maliciously hurting or attempting to hurt other passengers while travelling in the metro can face imprisonment up to 10 years. Pasting posters or drawing graffiti on the walls of stations or trains is punishable by a fine of 1,000 or imprisonment for up to 6 months. Travelling in an inebriated state or creating nuisance in the train is punishable by a 500 fine.[112] Clarifying the law on public intoxication on the metro, a BMRCL spokesman stated, "We are aware that the people will board Metro trains after partying. We cannot completely ban those who have consumed alcohol. But if we find anyone indecent or heavily drunk at the security point, we will not allow them to board the train. Passengers will also be checked whether they are carrying alcohol or any other items which are not permitted inside the Metro train as per the rule." BMRCL officials do not have breathalysers, but they claim to have trained security guards to watch out for troublemakers.[113] Spitting on the metro premises is punishable by a fine of 100.[114]
Currently baggage is manually searched by security guards hired by BMRCL. Bangalore City Police are in charge of external security of metro installations. Plans are underway to install three baggage scanners each at Baiyappanahalli, Swami Vivekananda Road and Indiranagar stations and two each at M.G. Road, Trinity and Halasuru stations. There are attendants and multiple security guards on each platform, and photography is strictly prohibited.[115]
On 5 March 2012 at 8:35 pm, a 16-year old boy threw himself under a train at the MG Road station. The boy was identified as S Vishnu Sharan, a first-year student of St. Joseph's PU College and a resident of Jayanagar. This was the first death to occur after Namma Metro operations began.[116]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b "Project Highlights". Official webpage of B.M.R.C. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- ^ "Metro gets $250m for next phase". The Times of India. 28 March 2012.
- ^ a b "Byappanahallimg road metro stretch more popular". The Hindi.
- ^ a b "BMRCL to issue bonds to raise Rs. 500 crore". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 14 June 2013.
- ^ "Namma metro to chug on October 20 – southindia – Bangalore – ibnlive". Ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ http://www.deccanherald.com/content/389661/25000-ride-green-line-metro.html
- ^ "A K Bhattacharya: A tale of two Metros". Business Standard. 15 July 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
- ^ http://bmrc.co.in/pdf/phase2/phase2forweb.pdf
- ^ "Indian cabinet approves the project". Online Edition of The Economic Times. 28 April 2006.[dead link]
- ^ "Award of contract". Official webpage of B.M.R.C. Retrieved 2 October 2011.[dead link]
- ^ "PM lays foundation stone for Metro project". PM office website.
- ^ "Bangalore Metro Rail Work to begin on Feb 3, 2007". The Times of India. 21 January 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
- ^ http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-07-26/news/40815304_1_ahmedabad-metro-metro-rail-broad-gauge
- ^ http://www.bmrc.co.in/pdf/rti1.pdf
- ^ http://bangalorecustoms.gov.in/ICD.htm
- ^ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-12/delhi/30391124_1_maglev-magnetic-levitation-levitation-trains
- ^ http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/new-tech-for-metro-phase-iii-sreedharan/article2750806.ece
- ^ "A city begins to fulfill a Metro dream". The Indian Express. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ "Bangalore Metro:Metro Network".
- ^ "metro-phase-i-to-be-fully-ready-by-march-2015" (Press release). The Hindu. 29 August 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
- ^ http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/bangalore-metro-ph-1-completion-pushed-to-q1-2016-114092200747_1.html
- ^ http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/bangalore-metro-ph-1-completion-pushed-to-q1-2016-114092200747_1.html
- ^ "GOK order on Metro Extension". Official webpage of B.M.R.C. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
- ^ "State Cabinet approves phase-II of metro". Business Standard. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "Metro project: Cabinet approves two new lines for Phase 2". The Times of India. 4 January 2012.
- ^ Bangalore, 4 Jan, DHNS:. "Centre's nod for Phase-II of Metro may take 6 months". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "Cabinet clears Namma Metro Phase 2 – Bangalore – DNA". Daily News and Analysis. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ Neha Sethi, Rahul Chandran (2013-09-05). "EFC clears `26,405 cr for Bangalore Metro phase II". Livemint. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
- ^ IRJ, 30 Jan; (30 January 2014). "Go-ahead for Bangalore metro phase 2".
- ^ "Cities / Bangalore : Frame policy for differential fare pricing, BMRCL told". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 22 February 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "Metro gets poll push for Phase II". Deccan Chronicle. 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
- ^ "Second phase of Bangalore Metro project cleared". IBN Live. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "Sampige Road-Peenya Metro Line Inaugurated". The New Indian Express. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ "Metro project: Cabinet approves two new lines for Phase 2". Times Internet. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ "Green signal for Metro's Phase II". The Times of India. 22 February 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "Preliminary work starts on Namma Metro Phase 2". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 11 August 2013.
- ^ "Metro project: Cabinet approves two new lines for Phase 2". The Times Of India. 4 January 2012.[dead link]
- ^ "Metro will have high-speed link to BIA". The Times of India. 21 October 2011.
- ^ High speed rail line to airport – Livemint
- ^ "Bangalore Metro will take you to the airport in less than an hour". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 18 October 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ Rohith B R, Bangalore, 14 Oct 2012, DHNS: (14 October 2012). "Automation helps precise work on metro tunnels". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ RohithB R, Bangalore, 13 Oct 2012, DHNS : (13 October 2012). "Metro makes steady inroads". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ Special Correspondent (28 September 2012). "A smoother passage for Margarita". The Hindu (Chennai, India). Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ Bangalore, 23 Sep 2012, DHNS : (23 September 2012). "Tunnelling along north-south corridor to begin soon". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ Update : 06:47 pm IST (18 December 2012). "Metro rushes to meet deadline". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ Bangalore, 21 Feb 2013, DHNS (21 February 2013). "After Helen, Margarita, it's Krishna and Kaveri". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ Update : 06:47 pm IST (4 January 2013). "Namma Metro: Frozen in its tracks". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ Mehrotra, Akanksha (4 January 2013). "Citizen Matters, Bangalore: 2013: Will Bengaluru's Metro expand from a minuscule 6km ?". Bangalore.citizenmatters.in. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ "Tunnelling work on metro corridor completed". The Hindu. 18 March 2014.
- ^ "Bangalore Metro misses deadline for 4th time, minister sets Sept 26 as next date : South, News". India Today. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ "Metro comes to Bangalore finally". The Times of India. 20 October 2011. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011.
- ^ "Revenue Services Report".
- ^ Madhumathi D.S. "Business Line : Industry & Economy / Logistics : Namma Metro rides on 'gawk' power". Business Line. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ "Namma Metro Man Sivasailam shifted". The Times Of India. 11 August 2013.
- ^ News, Express (2013-08-11). "Sivasailam shunted out of BMRCL". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
- ^ "Pradeep Kharola is new Metro chief - Bangalore - DNA". Dnaindia.com. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
- ^ "Kharola appointed BMRCL MD". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 10 August 2013.
- ^ "Chaos mars Metro Green line launch". Deccan Herald. 2014-02-28. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
- ^ Special Correspondent (2014-02-28). "CM in a hurry, delays Namma Metro launch". The Hindu. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
- ^ "25,000 ride Green line Metro on 1st working day". Deccan Herald. 2014-03-03. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
- ^ Anil Kumar Sastry (2014-02-27). "Finally, second metro line rolls in". The Hindu. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
- ^ "'This one feels like Namma Metro as it's closer home'". The Hindu. 2014-03-01. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
- ^ "Metro mania rides high on Day 2". The Times of India. 2014-03-03. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
- ^ Smriti Sharma Vasudeva (2014-03-02). "Joyride continues on Green Line Metro, too". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
- ^ "Rajajinagar, Peenya residents can smile – The Times of India". The Times of India. 28 November 2011.
- ^ "It's official: Namma Metro Phase-1 not before 2014". Deccan Chronicle. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ "Namma Metro Phase II requires Rs. 25,000 crore – southindia – Hyderabad – ibnlive". Ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "Metro rail projects: Four new metromen and their challenges – Economic Times". The Economic Times. 18 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ "Admin approval for Namma Metro Phase II – South India – Karnataka – ibnlive". Ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "View source for Namma Metro – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
- ^ "Bangalore Metro gets $250 mn ADB loan". Business Standard. 28 March 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
- ^ Bangalore, 17 Oct 2012, DHNS : (17 October 2012). "Centre's nod awaited to extend Metro to Bengaluru Intl Airport". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ "B'lore Metro to raise Rs 300 cr via bond issue". Business Standard. 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
- ^ Anil Urs (2013-06-14). "'IND AA (exp)' rating for Bangalore Metro proposed bonds | Business Line". Thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
- ^ "BMRC proves merit in investment ratings". The Times Of India.
- ^ "BMRCL defers issue of bonds citing market volatility". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 4 August 2013.
- ^ "13.25 lakh rode the Metro – The Times of India". The Times of India. 25 November 2011.
- ^ "Namma Metro gains momentum – southindia – Bangalore – ibnlive". Ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ a b "Joyrides in Bangalore Metro are over – Bangalore – DNA". Daily News and Analysis. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Bangalore Metro posts Rs 41 lakh profit in first year – Bangalore – DNA". Daily News and Analysis. 18 October 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ^ "BEML to supply coaches for Bangalore Metro". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 10 February 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ "Railway Gazette: Bangalore metro trial". Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ^ "ABB wins $115 million order to power Bangalore metro". The ABB Group. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ a b c "NAMMA-METRO-IS-A-GEEK-TRAIN". The Times of India. 16 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "Alstom will provide train control and signalling system for the new Bangalore metro network in India". Alstom. Retrieved 2 October 2011.[dead link]
- ^ "Alstom-led consortium in pact with Bangalore Metro". Business Standard. 18 September 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
- ^ Anil Kumar Sastry (29 April 2013). "Work on underground metro stations reaches roof slab stage". The Hindu (Chennai, India). Retrieved 6 June 2013.
- ^ "At Metro, wanna pee? Pay Rs 3 - Bangalore - DNA". Dnaindia.com. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
- ^ "Bangalore Metro goes wi-fi". Deccan Chronicle. 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
- ^ "Metro will take off on Oct 20". The Times of India. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "On World Heart Day Bangalore Metro promises a heart attack-free zone". DNA News. 30 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ G. Ananthakrishnan (14 January 2013). "Linking modes of commute". The Hindu (Chennai, India). Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bmrcl-launches-roadcumrail-vehicle-for-rescue-operations/article5723229.ece
- ^ "'We've taken steps to ensure public safety'". The Times of India. 28 October 2011.
- ^ "'Liquid' cash from viaduct". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 15 December 2011.
- ^ a b Francis, Merlin (2 April 2012). "Namma Metro gets waterwise". DNA India (Bangalore, India). Retrieved 24 June 2012.
- ^ "Metro medians turn garbage dumps". The Times Of India. 6 August 2012.
- ^ TNN url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-04/bangalore/34908256_1_n-sivasailam-bmrc-metro-path (4 November 2012). "Lakes to come alive along Metro path". The Times of India.
- ^ "BMRCL plans to rejuvenate lakes, starting with Kengeri – Bangalore – DNA". Daily News and Analysis. 4 November 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ "Metro can carry 80,000 a day". The Times of India. 3 September 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "Bangalore Metro: Recharge and ride on". The Times of India. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "Cities / Bangalore : 20,000 smart cards sold for metro ride". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 17 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "20,000 smart cards sold for metro ride". The Hindu. 17 October 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ Bangalore, 3 Dec 2012, DHNS : (3 December 2012). "Automatic ticket vending at Metro stations". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ^ TNN url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-05/bangalore/35619832_1_atvms-automatic-ticket-bmrc (5 December 2012). "Yeshwantpur Metro link work picks up pace". The Times of India.
- ^ "Bengaluru Metro System Adopts NXP's MIFARE Technology". MarketWatch. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "Bangalore Metro opens to public at 4 pm on Thursday". The Economic Times. 17 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ Bangalore, 22 Dec 2012, DHNS: (22 December 2012). "Bar timings relaxed for revellers". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
- ^ TNN url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-24/bangalore/35990901_1_bmrc-namma-metro-2am (24 December 2012). "Metro to run till midnight today, tomorrow". The Times of India.
- ^ Chethan Kumar, Bangalore, 22 May 2013, DHNS: (22 May 2013). "RDSO in no hurry to allow Metro to up speed". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
- ^ "Metro gets luggage scanners". Deccan Herald.
- ^ Rohith B R, Bangalore, 18 Oct 2012, DHNS : (18 October 2012). "Commuters' brush with etiquette on Namma Metro". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
- ^ url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/121225/news-current-affairs/article/no-entry-drunk-commuters-metro (25 December 2012). "No entry for drunk commuters in Metro". Deccan Chronicle.
- ^ TNN url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-11/bangalore/34385975_1_namma-metro-metro-premises-metro-s-operation (11 October 2012). "Not fine to spit in Metro". The Times of India.
- ^ "Baggage scanners finally arrive at stations". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 1 December 2011.
- ^ "16-yr-old throws himself before Metro train, dies". The Times of India. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Namma Metro.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
World Wetlands Day 2004 -- Romania
Dear Sir/ Madam,
Herewith the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Authority Tulcea (Romania) is very pleased to report the programme of activities organised for the celebration of the environmental event "World Wetlands Day" on 2nd February 2004, as the following:
Achievement of a leaflet and a poster that emphasizes the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve co-operation with other protected areas and wetlands from all over the world; these materials are particularly dedicated to this event;
Organisation of a meeting between students and teachers from Tulcea schools at the Information and Ecological Education Centre of the DDBRA on the 1st February 2004. More than 60 students from Tulcea and Mahmudia schools, teachers, parents, representatives of the local NGOs participated to this event.
The manifestation program:
Foreword - the importance of the day; wetlands - importance, functions and values
One - act play -
Thematic montage - grouping of poems presented by the students
Interactive games concerning the wetlands(functions, values, behaviour standards):
Elaboration of messages to be transmitted by the participants to other co-operating schools from Romania
The event was also celebrated at the Kindergarten no. 19 from Tulcea, with 82 pre-school kids, "the youngest wetlands admirers" and 16 students - environment volunteers, on the 2nd of February.
The activities were mediated by the local mass-media and by the national radio program "Radio România Actualitati".
Actions organised in Sulina (DDBRA Information Centre):
On the 1st of February was organised a meeting in co-operation with the Sulina Cultural Club. At the event were present 50 persons (students, teachers, representatives of the tourism companies, boats owners). The subjects of this meeting comprised discussions concerning the Ramsar Convention, the importance of wetlands and of the "World Wetlands Day", as well as information about the tourism activity in the DDBR perimeter (touristic routes, strictly protected areas, license issuing procedure for boats, etc.).
On the 2nd of February was organised an action dedicated to the World Wetlands Day with the participation of 43 students from Sulina.
Actions organised at Sf. Gheorghe School
On 31 January 2004 - the event was celebrated by the Ecological Club from Sf. Gheorghe School - within this action the children realised thematic drawings and games.
During 2- 6 February 2004, DDBRA wardens distributed leaflets and information materials about the environmental event in all the schools from DDBR.
The children from Tulcea that celebrated World Wetlands Day elaborated the following message for all the children who live in wetlands: "The theme of this year's WWD: From the Mountains to the Sea; Wetlands at Work for Us is very generous. In this case, it would only be fair if we will return the favour and help keeping the wetlands safe and clean".
Yours truly,
Cornelia Aftodor
Ecological Education and International Relations Department
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Authority


text:
Tuesday, December 16, 2008
HeRSToRy 093 Alice O'Malley
Posted by hershe Michele at Tuesday, December 16, 2008
1 comment:
- louisenchris said...
How wonderful to see Alice-- and in our garden. Brings back such beautiful memories! Thanks Hershe for getting this on line for all of us to share. Love you all- The Alpine Elders
- December 16, 2008
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Update: Philly is now in his forever home, but don't forget about his furry friends up for adoption at Peggy Adams Animal Rescue League.
Meet our Pet of the Week Philly. He's a 2-year-old domestic shorthair who is up for adoption at the Peggy Adams Animal Rescue League.
Here's a special message from Philly:
"I am a bright orange tabby boy, and just about the sweetest cat ever. I love to sit in your lap, and maybe "make biscuits" on your shirt. I won't ever scratch because my front paws are declawed, and I just want to be your buddy. I like to play, but I can also be happy just being by your side. I would love to have another cat friend, but if I would be your special one, that's okay with me."
Peggy's Picks is sponsored by Peggy Adams Animal Rescue League in West Palm Beach, Harmony Animal Hospital in Jupiter and Community Animal Hospital in Royal Palm Beach.
Learn more about Philly.
About Peggy Adams Animal Rescue League
Peggy Adams Animal Rescue League is a limited-access humane society and provides services to more than 15,000 cats, dogs, puppies and kittens each year. Operating continuously since 1925, we have been positively impacting animal welfare and addressing overpopulation in Palm Beach County through a variety of services.
Through the adoption and spay/neuter programs, our vision is to ensure that there are no homeless animals and every animal has a home in Palm Beach County.
Peggy Adams Animal Rescue League, Humane Society of the Palm Beaches, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, receiving no state or federal funding. It is dependent exclusively upon private donations, grants, bequests and fundraising events to provide quality programs and services to the community. Your donations directly support the services and programs in place to help animals in need.
Our mission is to provide shelter to lost, homeless and unwanted animals; to furnish medical and other services for the care of companion animals; to care for, protect, and find quality homes for homeless and neglected animals; to advocate animal welfare, community involvement and education to further the bond between people and animals, for the mutual benefit of both.
Receive information on our Pet of the Week.
3933 Washington Road
Augusta, GA 30907
(706) 650-5400
FCC Public File
(706) 650-5400
EEO Report
Closed Captioning


text:
Jennifer has experience in preschool education that assists her in overseeing day-to-day classroom operations for DMMS. She has been a teacher at an upscale traditional preschool and has acted as an interim director at Springstone Montessori School in Las Vegas, Nevada. Her academic background in chemistry (Bachelor of Science) and business (Master of Business Administration) supports her role as director of faculty, staff, and operations. Jennifer has studied and prepared papers on preschool education, collaborating with numerous individuals to develop best practices for DMMS.
Jennifer assists in hiring personnel and evaluating teacher performance to ensure quality and to identify areas for further training. She organizes and administers in-service training and prepares periodic reports on performance goals and objectives. Maintaining positive relations with parents and community members is an important aspect of Jennifer's responsibilities. She also assures that DMMS operations are consistently on target with Utah's Childcare Licensing regulations as well as the Health Department regulations.


text:
Marketplace Grand Opening
On 8/13/2013
Mustang Marketplace, the one stop shop for Lipscomb Academy uniforms, outerwear, spirit-wear and promotional items officially opened its doors on July 15 to enthusiastic shoppers.
"The on-campus Mustang Marketplace benefits our students, faculty and parents with an easy way to shop. The variety of merchandise featuring our Lipscomb logo is a great way for our students to show pride in our school," said Tracy Waller, mother of Phoebe Waller, a ninth grade student.
After months of planning for one central location for Lipscomb families to shop, Lori Ann Richardson and Data Supplies Incorporated began the work on the store that is now located in room 103 of Harding Hall. Construction work by Brian Sullivan Construction for the Spanish classroom turned retail store included new windows, paint, carpet and finishing out the interior.
Mustang Marketplace, which is managed by Richardson and staff, carries a full line of uniforms, outerwear and items for Mustang fans.
"We are excited to open the new Mustang Marketplace school store and serve the families of Lipscomb Academy. The partnership between Lipscomb and DSI has made the store possible and will give the store the ability to offer many unique Lipscomb Academy items," said Richardson.
The store has already served more than 600 customers between in-store and online purchases.
Fall store hours for August 19 - December 20 will be:
Online shopping is available 24/7 with home shipping or in-store pickup available.


text:
This hat was donated to the National Archives by the American National Red Cross. An internet search led to a blog on the Knox Milliner, Julia Emily Knox http://www.knoxhatsrevisited.com/history.php The silk lining inside the hat is deteriorated, so we will line the hat with unbuffered tissue paper to support it. The enameled Red Cross pin is attached to the center front of the midnight blue grosgrain ribbon bow.
The Red Cross accession number on the Knox hat, written in ball point ink, indicates that it was the 12th accession in 1955. A museum today would write accession numbers on a separate tag or label instead of on the silk lining of the hat. ARC ID: 6882883
23 Notes/ Hide
- mhloverde likes this
- cosasinsentido likes this
- extabulis reblogged this from preservearchives
- the-great-k likes this
- khatmedic2 likes this
- thunderscythe reblogged this from preservearchives
- ladykrampus reblogged this from preservearchives
- todaysdocument likes this
- fixedsash likes this
- acole398 likes this
- rainbowsandscholarship likes this
- queenvioletxix reblogged this from preservearchives
- amaranthinewriter likes this
- ladykrampus likes this
- coolchicksfromhistory likes this
- usnatarchives likes this
- sonicbananasaregood likes this
- ambarkanta likes this
- theinnkeeperlibrarian likes this
- applepietree likes this
- preservearchives posted this