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Organic Calming Spritz - £8.50
An aromatherapeutic blend of calming rose petal water and soothing essential oils of clary sage and lavender to create a calming atmosphere during labour and in baby's nursery. Great as a gentle cleansing spritz for sticky fingers and nappy changes.
- Suitable for Vegans.
- For babies over 3 months
- Product is Soil Association Certified.
- Presented in recyclable, non-air freighted packaging sourced in the UK & Europe (bottle with a card box).
Margaret's TipDoubles as a gentle cleansing spritz for sticky fingers and nappy changing.
Ingredients: Rose flower water*, essential oils (clary sage*, lavender*) limonene & linalool (from the lavender). *Organically grown & produced (100% of product).
INCI: Rosa centifolia flower water*, Salvia sclarea oil*, Lavandula angustifolia oil*, Limonene & linalool (in the essential oil).
*Organically grown & produced (100% of product)
Press ReviewsRecommended by The Guardian (May 2008) as one of the best organic baby products
Described as a "labour day must-have" by Pregnancy Baby & You (March 2008)


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If your grass is too high, you may be in for a fine in Tuscaloosa.
The police department is working with the city to enforce their vegetation code specifically along the tornado path.
Lush green grass may be inviting to some, but the city of Tuscaloosa said it's bothering others. Because of all the rain the area has received this summer; in one week 452 lots were marked as violating the city's code.
"With the cities effort you see so many citizens that have re-built and so many businesses have returned. Unfortunately right next door you've got some land that is vacant and is really unfair to them," Jeff Motz with the city of Tuscaloosa said.
So with every anonymous call that comes in the Tuscaloosa Police Department sends a code enforcement officer out to check it out, then posts a sign that gives the owner 7 days to cut the grass. A letter is also mailed to the property owner.
The code says that any vegetation that is over 12 inches is in violation.
After a week, if the property owner hasn't cut the grass or tried to get in touch with the city or police department the city cuts the grass and they bill the property owner.
The commander of the code enforcement division said the bill is much higher than what it would cost a property owner to cut the grass.
"We'd rather be spending our time trying to address other issues in the city instead of having to address people's property because they won't maintain it," Cpt. Rodney Gilliam with TPD code enforcement said.
Just because a property owner cuts the grass after a violation sign is posted, doesn't mean they are in the clear. The city goes back to check on the property a week after a sign goes up to make sure the issue has been taken care of. The enforcement teams plans to continue their efforts until weeds are no longer an issue.
If a property owner doesn't pay their bill from the city a lien will be put on the property.
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Star and Polka Dot Tea Towels from Anna Joyce Design
Faith's Daily Find 12.11.13
Star and Polka Dot Tea Towels from Anna Joyce Design
• $24 for set of 2
There are so many things to appreciate on these pretty towels: the hot pink stars, the friendly polka dots, the piping around the edges that makes them look extra-finished and sophisticated. Makes a great gift (or give one and keep one for yourself!).
(Image credits: Anna Joyce Designs)
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2 Comments
I love these! I use dish towels/tea towels on a continual basis each day so I love to stock up on these beauties. They really visually warm up a kitchen as well.
Went to their website to purchase and the sale coupon posted on her blog does not work!


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We are New Jersey's most dependable source for quality home health care supply sales and rentals, unique gift items, and friendly personalized service!
We offer FREE delivery services, 7 days a week. We'll deliver straight to your retirement or assisted living community. You can rely on our experienced staff to get the job done!


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Exactly 365 days ago I learned that I had a positive brca2 gene mutation. This date marked the start of my journey consisting of a prophylactic double mastectomy with DIEP reconstruction. My surgeries aren't completely finished, but we are almost home free!
God has taught me more in this past year than perhaps all my years of following Him combined. I cannot boast high enough of my Savior's love and mercy upon my life. I am so humbled and blessed…I can't begin to articulate how grateful I am to the Creator who knit me together in my mother's womb. His love is truly extravagant.


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September 17-23, 2012
Week 38 of Year 2012
Authors at Harbourfront Centre: David Byrne and Cory Doctorow: Wassup Internet?!Music in the Digital Landscape
Wednesday, September 19, 2012 7:30 PM - 9:00PM
David Byrne (How Music Works) in conversation with Cory Doctorow.
September 19, 2012
Jamaica 50: A Literary Legacy
Wednesday, September 19, 2012 7:30 PM - 9:00PM
As Jamaica celebrates the 50th anniversary of its independence, Authors at Harbourfront Centre (AUTHORS) hosts an evening of discussion with renowned writers and scholars.
September 19, 2012
For details inquire at the Info Desk or call 416-973-4000.
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Harbourfront Centre is a registered Canadian charity and we rely on the generosity of people like you to help us deliver the incredible programming we offer throughout the year.
Charitable Registration Number: 10746 6575 RR0003


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Asus Conference Notebook Stolen Before Show
Thieves somehow stole an upcoming Asus notebook slated to be used in a launch press conference.
You know your product must be a hot item if it's stolen before ever hitting store shelves. Asus discovered the hard way just days before a press conference for the launch of the NX90 Bang & Olufsen ICEpower high-end laptop. Apparently the device was seated in an Asus display case inside a 5-star hotel in Romania when it was stolen right on camera.
The details surrounding the theft are minimal, however surveillance video caught one woman and two men quickly heading through the hotel with the laptop at hand. The man seen in the forefront of the trio (with the second man and woman trailing behind) is actually carrying the device under something that resembles a hotel towel.
First appearing at CES 2010, the Asus NX90 Bang & Olufsen ICEpower notebook features a stylish, elegant look and feel--designed by B&O Chief Designer David Lewis--sporting a polished aluminum exterior and palm rest. Other specs include B&O audio quality speakers (with ICE power technology) mounted outside the frame, dual touchpads, a 18.4-inch Full HD LED backlit display, a slot loading Blu-ray/DVD combo drive, Nvidia GeForce GT 334M graphics, the Intel Core i7-720QM processor, dual hard drive support, and more.
With that said, the thieves certainly had good taste. The device was last seen Wednesday on the hotel's security cameras, and so far there's no word if the local officials have located the thieves and retrieved the laptop. Asus was said to have declined making comments on the theft.
Create a new thread in the News comments forum about this subject
1chickenhoagie , August 12, 2010 11:25 PMinteresting notebook..never have i seen the upper lid bigger than the lower lid..looks pretty sharp none-of-the-less.
-1Anonymous , August 12, 2010 11:29 PMJust out of curiosity, but what's so good about getting a dx10 graphics card? Isn't that slightly outdated?
5cookoy , August 12, 2010 11:41 PMNow they got something interesting to talk about during the conference.
4zachary k , August 12, 2010 11:42 PMobviously a kensington lock is not a feature.
1thaisport , August 13, 2010 12:18 AMAt least the lid looks nice, better the cheap plastic standard we're used to...
0dEAne , August 13, 2010 2:31 AMhot or not stealing is not a good idea.
-5mindspring , August 13, 2010 3:30 AMDoes it play Crysis?
1YardstickWHACK , August 13, 2010 5:19 AMFor a 5-star hotel. That sure is a crappy surveillance image. They should invest in some multi-megapixel IP cameras. I work for a surveillance manufacturer, and even the little mom and pop stores are buying those things.
-2damasvara , August 13, 2010 6:54 AMmindspringDoes it play Crysis?
Maybe It does if you're holding it right... lol
3Anonymous , August 13, 2010 9:12 AMdamasvaraMaybe It does if you're holding it right... lol
plz stop with that crappy joke.
-1irh_1974 , August 13, 2010 9:49 AMrotsaeplz stop with that crappy joke.
What're you Steve Jobs or something?
1Anonymous , August 16, 2010 8:22 AMASUS to Romania...no more laptops for you until we get this one back! And also this is the last conference we have in your country!


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main index
Raphael: Cricket? Nobody understands cricket! You gotta know what a crumpet is to understand cricket!Describe Cricket Rules here. No, really, please do; it seems to be some organized form of Calvinball.
Casey: I�ll teach you. (launches Raph into the air and into a trash can with one solid WHACK) See? Six runs.
OK then, here's an outlineThe laws of cricket are complex; but, to use video game terminology, at the core are game mechanics shared with Baseball and softball:
Also note: a team is referred to throughout in the plural; thus, "Bangladesh aren�t winning", rather than "Bangladesh isn�t winning". This is standard in British (and by extension Commonwealth) English to describe sporting teams etc. — e.g. "The team are on the field" (all members of the team); "the teams are on the field" (both teams). An explanation garnered from experiences getting drunk in pubs that had cricket on in the background is as follows:
The general set-upIt�s exactly like baseball, only completely different: The game is played with two teams of 11 players a side. (There are actually twelve members, but only eleven are allowed on the field—the twelfth man's role is confusing and is generally limited to being a Butt Monkey, keeping the beers cold and replacing someone in the field if they get injured, so just ignore him like everyone else does.) Each game begins with a coin toss, and the successful captain chooses whether to bat or field first. Cricket is a summer sport, ergo (in Britain at least) at around this point it usually starts to rain. In cricket a batter is normally termed a batsman (not Batman)note , the person hurling the ball at him is the bowler, and the remainder of the bowler�s team dotted around the field are the fielders. The batting team must always have two players on the field at any one time, so as soon as the tenth player is out they've only got one left and they are all out (although this isn't marked against the leftover player, who is said to have finished not out) and it's time to let the other team have a bat.
Instead of a dugout, the waiting members of the batting side get a nice little house facing onto the field (the pavilion) to relax in, where they can drink tea and eat sandwiches, or sit on the verandah and enjoy the sunshine. If it�s sunny. When it�s raining, everyone goes into the pavilion and drinks tea. Occasionally, the umpires will come out, wander around the field a bit, decide it�s still not sunny enough, and go back in.
There are several shorter formats of the game, too, known as limited-overs cricket (an over is the unit by which cricket gameplay is most conveniently divided, being a sequence of six balls, bowled by the same bowler), where the match is played within a single day with a maximum of 60 overs or fewer per team — as opposed to the hundreds of overs across which a multi-day match can spread. This is not generally long enough for an entire team to get out, especially in the twenty-over variant Twenty20, so it theoretically encourages more risk-taking, particularly in attempts at fours and sixes (see below). This gives the opportunity for faster play, ensures definitive results — since it eliminates the draw by removing the requirement to dismiss 10 players, simply declaring whichever team scored the most the winners — and tends toward the loss of fewer spectators to old age before the conclusion of a game. In limited-overs cricket, a tie can still occur if both teams are on the same score at the end of their allocated overs, resolved by a tie-breaker as detailed further down this page. All players bat, and all players field. The first batsmen in (the top-order) will be the best at that, while the lower order is usually composed of specialist bowlers who just make up the batting numbers, especially at the tail end. When the latter do manage to cobble together an innings of 20 or 30 runs, especially in partnership with a fellow tail-ender, it�s often said that "the tail wagged" to frustrate the opposition�s hopes of a quick dismissal. All-rounders are those prized cricketers equally at home with either bat or ball in hand, and any team loves to have at least one in the ranks as they essentially fill two roles for the price of one. For some reason they are often larger-than-life personalities, prone to swinging from imperious to anonymous and back on the pitch and partaking in all manner of off-the-field antics, but who invariably maintain their place in the team by coming into vital games at the crucial tipping point and causing destruction with their bowling before scoring a match-winning haul of runs, all while heroically drunk from the previous night�s marathon boozing session. The examples here generally suggest male players, but women play as well in their own competitions; you just don�t see it much in the media.
The field of playMatches are played on a large grassed field roughly analogous in size to a baseball field — so a big hit is likewise travelling the same sort of distance at the same sort of altitudes and speed, the fielders who are in deep (far 'outfield') positions have to cover the same sort of distances, etc. There is no set size or shape for the field in the laws of the game — it may be roughly circular or more like a rectangle (Eden Park in Auckland is a hexagonal field) — but an oval field about 150 yards in diameter at its widest is common. Many cricket grounds around the world have taken on a characteristic feel of play over the decades thanks to their various sizes and shapes (in two notable cases including a tree in the middle of the outfield), tendency to be kept with longer or shorter grass and hence to having slower or faster surfaces, plus their differing climates and altitudes altering the flight of the ball and style of player likely to flourish there, and so on. The perimeter of the field is marked by the boundary rope laid along the ground near the edge of the grass in front of the spectatorsnote . The quickest way to accumulate runs when batting is to smash the ball to the boundary with a mighty hit, as this means you don�t have to actually physically run at all — if the ball crosses the line of the boundary rope without having touched the ground at any stage that's a six, which is the nearest thing to a cricket version of a home run and is automatically worth (yes) six runs; if it bounces or rolls over the line, it's a four. If you've ever heard someone use the term "knocked for six" or "hit for six" to refer to being physically or emotionally stunned, knocked off their feet or otherwise struck with great force, this is where it comes from.
Fours and sixes are collectively known as boundaries, after the place they�ve been dispatched to. One-day cricket is relatively jam-packed with them, as players are encouraged by the limited time to go for rashly huge hits since quick scoring is prioritised and it doesn't matter so much if they're out off a bad stroke. Fours are fairly common; sixes are rarer and always very exciting, especially the ultra-rare instances where the ball is clobbered with an especially hefty blow clear over the pavilion (a marker of truly spectacular hitting at many a ground), or even sent sailing right out of the stadium so it must be retrieved from the road/car-park/gasworks/river, or when it is caught by the hitter�s father in the crowd or something equally unlikely. The heart of the action is around the pitch, a narrow 22-yard long rectangular strip at the centre of the field, mown so short there�s almost no grass to be found. This area is also known colloquially as the wicket � so a "sticky wicket" (it�s not as obscene as it sounds) or "tricky wicket" is a damp, claggy, bumpy or otherwise unreliable pitch, and used as a metaphor means 'an awkward situation'.
The two ends of the pitch each have a pair of widely-spaced parallel white lines painted across them, four feet apart, which mark the batsman�s �safe� ground: an area known generally as the crease. Specifically, the inner line at either end is called the popping crease or batting crease; the batsman generally stands astride it to receive the bowling, and when running must get part of his bat and/or body over this line to be �safe�. In the centre of each outer line (the bowling crease) is a group of sticks stuck in the ground that is also and most properly called a wicket, one either end of the pitch; these are the target for the fielding team and what the batter must defend, as many ways of getting a player out involve them.
This is where we get the third use of the word: a batsman�s intact wicket, used metaphorically, represents his 'in' status � i.e. if you "take X's wicket" you�ve got X out; when a bowler has "taken 5 wickets" he's put five men out; if X "gave his wicket away cheaply" he's got out sloppily and/or without scoring highly (he hasn�t actually presented it to someone); if Y has bowled down the wicket, destroyed the wicket and taken X�s wicket that mean�s he�s flung the ball down the pitch, skittled the stumps and so got him out. The physical wicket consists of a trio of round wooden stakes called stumps, 28 inches high, hammered into the turf side-by-side and equidistantly with a total span of 9 inches, plus a pair of smaller wooden sticks called bails that sit in grooves across the stumps' tops and bridge the two gaps. (The whole thing looks faintly like a little gate, and indeed the name derives from a 'wicket-gate'.) Most commonly-seen forms of getting a player out dictate that the stumps must be disturbed enough for at least one of the bails to fall off — merely touching the stumps with the ball is not enough, and it can in the rarest of circumstances actually squeak through the gap between stumps without dislodging a bail. This would generally press the bowler�s Berserk Button...as will many other cricketing occurrences.
BattingThe two batsmen stand at opposite ends of the pitch, garbed with large leg pads (think an ice-hockey goaltender) and gloves, batting helmets unless suicidally brave, and a protective cup ("box") unless they have no desire to have children.
Instead of a round bat, the cricket bat is flat on one side (the reverse is more angled than round, too), giving a defined striking surface and making it ideal for hitting people who owe you money without leaving a bruise. The flatness also gives it edges, for cleverly/accidentally nicking the ball just past the close fielders or for when you do want to leave a bruise. (Or kill zombies. Shaun of the Dead had the right idea.) It is wider than a baseball bat, but considerably narrower than the wicket it is defending �- in the sport�s Victorian days, one player took advantage of the lack of a regulation size to bring a bat wider than the stumps. This was quickly outlawed by spoilsport officialdom. One batsman (the striker) faces the incoming bowling, which comes down the length of the pitch, while the other (the non-striker) waits facing him by the other stumps, trying to keep out of the bowler�s way.
The striker prepares to meet the incoming ball with the end of his bat resting on the ground to defend the wicket there (rather than held up at shoulder height as in baseball), or more usually tapping nervously as he anticipates his swing. He tries to fend the ball away from his stumps with his bat, and preferably hit it far enough for him to swap ends of the pitch with his partner and so score a run (which counts only to the striking batsman's tally, not the non-striker's) one or more times before the ball arrives back near either set of stumps with the bowler or the wicketkeeper (backstop, essentially), the specialist fielder who stands behind the striking batsman�s wicket to catch missed balls and is the only member of the fielding side to wear gloves. After this it's not prudent to try for another run as you'll certainly be run out: see 'Getting out', below.
The ball can be batted in any direction, through 360 degrees of the compass and either up in the air or along the ground. Now you know why there are so many field positions... One of the principle differences from baseball, say, is that instead of sprinting around four bases, the two batsmen run up and down the pitch from one crease to the other to score, passing in the middle. They carry their bats with them from end to end. This is so the batsman may defend his honour while running. Another difference of course is simply that after you score a run, instead of leaving the field, you can keep running back and forth — after all, one �run� in cricket is much swifter a process than making it back home in baseball/softball — until the two batsmen agree it�s not worth risking another, at which point whoever is left facing the bowler receives the next ball. In practice, the batters usually run one or two, and occasionally three, before the ball gets back from the outfield to the bowler or wicketkeeper's hand.
Thanks to this relatively easy scoring, team totals almost always reach triple figures; anything lower is regarded as catastrophic at the upper echelons of the game, while 200-300 is a solid team score and 400+ is really putting down a target. Since high scores take a long time to accumulate, limited-overs tallies rarely approach 300 from 50 overs or 200 from 20 even in the accelerated environment of these kinds of matches.
A team�s total is often described en route in terms of partnerships, i.e. the tally accumulated while the current pair of batsmen have been at the wicket. So a "century partnership" is when a single pair score 100 runs between them without the loss of either�s wicket; an "unbroken partnership" is when they continue to the end of that innings� allotted time without being separated. The tallies acquired between each player�s dismissal are likewise referred to as being "for the nth wicket", e.g. the opening pair of batsmen might "put on 80 for the first wicket", while the 11th man comes in for the "last-wicket partnership".
When you ask the score of the match (game), people will unhelpfully tell you something like "They're 170 for 5 right now" instead of just telling you the scores of the two teams. It means that the team at bat have scored 170 runs while losing 5 wickets, and is written 170-5 or 170/5. To make things more confusing, in Australia (but not New Zealand) it will be "5 for 170" instead, presumably because their toilets run anti-clockwise (counter-clockwise/widdershins). The other main difference from other bat-and-ball sports is that you don�t have to run. The batsman is never obliged to attempt to �get to the next base�. This is probably the most important thing a baseball fan would need to know in order to grasp the difference in dynamic between that sport and Test cricket, as it is almost never mentioned explicitly. Simply put, if a batter hits the ball weakly, swings and misses, diverts it into his own stomach, blocks it dead in front of him with the proverbial "straight bat", or merely watches it fly wide of the stumps in a contemptuous fashion, he just stands there. He can do this for as many balls as he wants, progressively infuriating the bowler; and indeed many old-school cricketing greats made careers out of this practice, usually finishing the innings with figures like 46 runs scored in 312 minutes off 227 balls. This has caused consternation to many a cricketer�s teammates, too, as this seems to happen much more after the lunch breaks.
Limited-overs and especially Twenty20 cricket (see 'Game formats', below) are designed to cut down the practice, as you don�t have all day to waste there plus each run tends to be more valuable, so batsmen must often chance a run even off a less-than-satisfactory hit. In cricket a batter doesn�t have to keep his feet still and can advance to meet an incoming delivery, so he can steal a yard or two by moving quickly forward onto a ball as it bounces, and by nudging it only a few yards he can be off and halfway to a scrambled single (one run from a ball) before the nearest fielders (who may not have expected him to run) have started to move in to retrieve it. On the other hand, if he�s deceived by the ball's flight and/or spin, he can easily find himself stranded out of his safe ground and turn around just in time to see his bails being removed from his stumps.
The world record is held by West Indian great Brian Lara, who scored 501 not out in 1994 for his English county side Warwickshire. Lara also set the world Test record of 375 the same year, eclipsing Sir Gary Sobers' mark of 365 not out that had stood since 1958; when this was finally broken in turn in 2003 by Matthew Hayden's 380, Lara went out again in 2004 and scored 400 not out to set a still unbroken second record.
BowlingThe bowler sends the ball down six consecutive times from the same end of the pitch (one over), in theory aiming for the batsman's stumps each time: that is, he's not trying to strike the batsman out, but principally looking to hit the wicket with the ball, causing it to fly apart with stumps cartwheeling in all directions. That, or to smack the legs of the batsman when they�re directly in front of the stumps (see section on getting out, below), or even to tempt him into making an unwise shot, resulting in getting caught out.
After six such deliveries of the ball the over is, um, over and it�s time for another bowler to have a crack from the opposite end. This means that if the batsmen didn�t run off the last ball or if they scored an even number of runs, the non-striker will now be facing the new over: he comes on strike. As it's perfectly possible for one man to remain in while a whole succession of his partners get out, and the quality of batters tends to decrease down the team -� the openers are invariably among the best, while extreme tail-enders at No.11 can look like they have trouble working out which way up to hold the bat �- the latter stages of an innings can see two batsmen of contrasting ability at the crease (in); so in this case the better one may look to "farm the strike" by going for single runs (or 3s, if they're prepared to sprint like crazy) off the last ball of each over so as to swap ends to face the next over too and protect his weaker colleague. No bowler can bowl consecutive overs, so there must invariably be at least two bowlers, and except in very bizarre circumstances there will be four or more, usually taking turns as one after the other tires or conditions change to suit a different style of bowling, such as pace, swing, reverse swing, seam, off-cutters, leg-cutters, off-breaks, leg-breaks, googlies, chinamen or doosras. (These are all real.) A captain often rotates 4-6 bowlers over the course of an innings depending upon the appropriateness and/or success of each. If one really gets into a groove though he may end up bowling virtually 50% of the total on his own, anything up to 80-100 overs in the course of a long innings. Shorter forms of the game tend to discourage this by restricting the number of overs that a bowler can bowl in an innings: for example in a 50-overs match each bowler can bowl at most 10 overs, so a team needs a minimum of five bowlers. In the Victorian early days of the sport, bowlers really used to use an underarm 'bowling' action, though nowadays the arm is brought over the shoulder almost vertically — originally under- and side-arm bowling were the norm, and ladies� teams actually changed first to overarm bowling on account of the fact that they kept whacking their hands on their skirt hoops painfully. Bowling underarm is frowned upon nowadays...especially when it�s the last ball of the innings and the other side needs to hit a six to win, as it�s functionally impossible to generate enough power on a ball arriving low with hardly any momentum. Underarm bowling has actually been banned in one-day cricket; it�s still technically legal in Tests, but nobody ever does it. The most famous incident occured in 1981, causing quite a stir.
The ball does have to go near the batsman, to give him a fair chance; if an umpire deems the ball has been bowled too far wide of the stumps to be reasonably reached (a yard or so, or less if it's behind the batsman's legs), it�s inventively called a wide, which like a no-ball adds one to the extras tally and requires a re-bowl. There are a number of other ways to get a batsman out here, but catching and stumping (detailed below) see the wicketkeeper as the bowler�s chief partner-in-crime. (This is the origin of the British slang for the dominant and submissive parties in a homosexual relationship, "the bowler" and "the wicket keeper".) He has to be equally as alert to sly deliveries as the batsman is, since if the ball flies past the bat and then past him too, it may end up far enough away for the batsmen to take a run or more regardless � these cheeky non-hitting runs are known as byes (possibly from what the batsman used to shout as he set off) and also go onto the extras column. In particularly embarrassing cases the ball may go all the way through to the back boundary for four byes.
The fourth and last source of extras is a variant on the third � if the batsman judges the ball is not going to hit the stumps he can deflect it away with his leg-pads without using his bat, and score leg-byes if this creates the chance to change ends. This requires confidence, as a bad judgement call can result in the batsman being given out leg before wicket if the umpire decides the ball was on line for the stumps after all. Much like a score of 50 or 100 runs are celebrated a bowler who gets a hat-tricknote or either a 5 for or 10 for (Also known as 5 and 10 wicket hauls which is when one bowler gets either 5 or 10 players out alone. Usually a team has around 4-5 bowlers for 10 wickets so it's a big deal, especially in a test match when a successful batting side might declare early reducing the number of wickets available to get.
Bowling stylesThe many styles of bowling delivery possible mean that different bowlers specialise in different forms. Fast Bowlers mostly use the pace on the ball to beat the batsmen. They may deliberately bounce the ball high towards a batsman�s head to unnerve him (called a bouncer -� not popular with umpires; numbers of these per innings are limited by a sort of gentlemen�s agreement, as being cracked repeatedly on the skull by a small cannonball at 80mph is not fun), or in extreme and allegedly unintentional circumstances fling it directly at his head (a beamer, very much frowned upon), or try to aim the ball to bounce directly under his bat (called a yorker �- incredibly hard to play if done correctly, but delivered wrongly can result in easy runs). Fast bowlers will also often use curveballs (called swing in cricket) to deceive an opponent �- however, the mechanics of why the ball curves are different: cricket balls are deliberately kept shiny on one side (by the bowler rubbing it vigorously on his trousers, usually near the groin, which looks decidedly dubious) and rough on the other to create additional motion in the air. Most teams will begin a match with two fast bowlers in an attempt to get early wickets if they can establish a good line and swing; however once the batsmen are settled in and comfortable the extra pace does not bother them so much, so the bowlers will often by replaced by tricky spin bowlers. The fast bowlers will then come back at the end with a view to quickly wiping out the other team�s tail-enders. Medium Pace Bowlers are like fast bowlers but without the raw pace, instead they will often vary their delivery more and try and outwit their opponent. A medium pace bowler is more likely to use seamers and cutters, which bounce the ball on its stitched seam to create unpredictable effects. As they are often the most precise bowlers, medium pace can sometimes be used in the middle of the game to slow down an opponent�s run-scoring rate; however they are generally less likely to take wickets than a fast or spin bowler. Spin Bowlers are the slowest bowlers on the pitch (much slower than a pitcher) but deliberately spin the ball in the air, causing it to change direction when it bounces and confuse the batsmen. Spin bowling comes in four main types. Two are exclusively bowled by right-handers: off spin and leg spin. Lefties have left-arm orthodox spin (often called "orthodox" or just "left-arm spin") and left-arm unorthodox spin (very rare at high levels; often called "chinaman"�which, in this context, is not an ethnic slur). It can also be classified by the bowler's action�off-spinners and left-arm orthodox spinners use finger spin, while leg-spinners and chinaman bowlers use wrist spin. However, Muttiah Muralitharan (often called "Murali"), the all-time leader in wickets taken in both Tests and ODIs, bowled off spin as his stock delivery with an action much closer to wrist spin. Bowlers will usually specialise in either finger spin or wrist spin.
"Off" and "leg" denote the left and right halves of the cricket field from the bowler�s point of view. These are named from the direction the on-strike batsman is oriented when he�s receiving a ball, given that his body is sideways-on to the approaching bowler -� the leg side (also known as the on side) is the half the batsman�s legs are on, which his bottom is pointing towards, while the off side is the half the batsman�s bat is on, which his nose is pointing towards. Leg-spin bowling angles in from his leg side, off-spin from the off side. Many fielding positions are named in the same way, so a player fielding on one side of the batsman may be at mid-off while a teammate in the equivalent position across the field will be at mid-on. One of the more perplexing aspects of cricket nomenclature is that these field halves are purely defined by the orientation (so to speak) of the batsman — but naturally a left-handed batsman will face the opposite way, with his legs to the left and bat to the right from the bowler's perspective, so the �off-� and �on-�/�leg-� sides swap accordingly; a fielder at what was mid-off will, without moving, have assumed the position of mid-on to a left-hander.
An off-spinner grips the ball normally and spins it with his fingers on release so it turns right on bouncing, in towards a right-handed batsman's body (terminology for spinners becomes confusing when left-handers are involved, so we�ll stick to the basics). Off-spin is hard to read and will often put the batsman on the defensive. Leg-spinners (also called wrist spinners) deliver the ball in a similar way but also twist their wrist as they release the ball, causing it to angle leftward on the bounce, away from a right-handed batsman. A batsman who fails to read this sort of spin will often make a bad hit and give the fielders an easy chance to catch him out. A wrist spinner can also deliver a googly, an evil delivery that uses a complex wrist motion to cause the ball to turn in the opposite direction, as well as deliveries that use top or bottom spin to bounce unexpectedly high or low. This varied arsenal of deliveries makes leg-spinners some of the most dangerous bowlers a team can field; however the high difficulty of the skill means that although they take many wickets, they also concede many runs. An underperforming leg-spinner can be disastrous for a team — making using them a high-risk, high-reward strategy. Left-arm orthodox spinners are mirror images of off spinners. The rare chinaman bowler is the mirror image of a leg spinner. Because the vast majority of batsmen are right-handed, almost all left-handers who take up spin bowling use a finger spin action, since the stock delivery will break away from most of the batsmen they will face. Just to make things extra confusing, the captain of the fielding team will usually rearrange his fielders to reflect the kind of bowler he is using — i.e. whether the bowling tends to create chances of catches on the boundary or close in to the wicket, in front of or behind the batsman, etc. — as well as what hand the batsman uses, or how good the batsman is. In some cases this can result in the fielders constantly moving around as the batsman or bowler changes.
FieldingThe fielders may appear to be scattered randomly around the playing surface, but in fact there is a long-established and fairly scientific method to the madness, with each position properly defined. There are far more theoretical fielding positions than a team could possibly cover all at once: many are typically only filled in an attacking field, with more fielders in close to the wicket when the ball is new, the bowlers are hungry and the batsmen are nervous; while others are more typically occupied in a defensive field when the bowlers are tired, the batsmen have got their eye in and the ball is flying to the far corners of the ground with regularity. The names of many positions are reasonably indicative of their location, provided you�ve grasped what different sectors of the pitch are called: the square leg family is a good example. "Square leg" is, as its name suggests, on the striker�s leg side and square to the line of the stumps (i.e. at right-angles to the long axis of the pitch) — with a fine view of the batsman�s rear although quite some way back; this in fact is where one of the umpires stands, while the other stands behind the non-striker�s stumps. Deep square leg is on the same angle but further out; short leg is closer to the batsman�s backside, with forward short leg and backward short leg equally close but angled in front of and behind the line of the stumps respectively. Fine leg in turn is further round behind the stumps, forming a fine angle to the long axis of the pitch, with deep fine leg on the same line but again much further out towards the boundary. Long leg tends to be on the boundary even further round behind the stumps, while the near-mythical longstop would be at the same sort of distance but directly behind the stumps, if only any team would admit to fielding one � having a man in this position heavily implies that your wicketkeeper sucks calamitously, and so it's more discreet to put someone approximately there and pretend they�re at "extremely fine leg"...
Many fielding positions, on the other hand, have titles whose meaning is buried deep in the quicksand of jargon. These positions have names that range from the mildly bizarre (gully; cover point; third man) to the literally "silly": there is a whole set of places with names like silly mid off that generally involve standing closer to the batsman than prudence would dictate.
Also, all this nomenclature can be subjective, depending upon where you draw the borders for any given position: one man�s silly mid on is mere inches away from another�s forward short leg (oo-er), if one considers the latter to be a closer-to-the-bat position than others might. Still another person, if they come from a different country or region or simply if they prefer a different classification, might call the same area "short midwicket". Don�t worry about any of this. Since the batsman has a 360-degree field to strike into rather than a 90-degree one, doesn�t have to hit the ball within 3 attempts or be out and doesn't have to hit the ball into the air to score runs, plus no one (except the wicketkeeper) uses gloves, it�s much harder to get a player out than in, say, baseball; hence the need for up to 5 days to complete a single match. This is not a slur on catching talent — a talented fieldsman can run 20 metres, and catch a flying ball with one hand without slowing down without needing a glove. They just don't necessarily get the chance very often.
Getting outThere are exactly ten-ish ways to get the batsman out, though in reality only five are seen with any frequency:
Game formats, and deciding resultsAs previously mentioned, there are several distinct forms of cricket match, which vary by length and hence tactics. All are played over the course of each season, with separate competitions using the separate varieties. Clubs (teams) may vary some of their players for each form, depending on which format(s) the player excels in.
Multi-day matchesAs noted, the �standard� form of the game features two innings per side, played out over a leisurely four (county) or five (international) days. Something exciting happens about once every two hours. At other times, the commentators � especially on Test Match Special on the radio � will usually be talking about the cake that a listener has sent them, or J.W.B. Blenkinsopp�s exploits in the equivalent encounter in 1936, or what species the bird that�s hopping across mid-off is. Spectators can safely doze off in the sun, or wander off to the bar or for a picnic, for up to several hours without being in danger of missing much significant action, particularly in the opening days of the match. The winning team is the one who accumulate the highest aggregate score for their two innings, in one of two ways:
— if the team batting the last innings fails to overhaul the target aggregate before they are all out, the other side is said to win by whatever number of runs the second team fell short — e.g. "Team X beat Team Y by 64 runs";
— if the chasing team does succeed in reaching their target, play stops immediately and they are said to win by however many wickets they still have in hand out of their 10 — e.g. if they have lost seven players before reaching the target then "Team Y beat Team X by three wickets".
A match can end after a mere three innings, if one team scores more in one go than their opposition manage in two attempts — they may bat second and rack up so many more runs than the first team managed, the opponents end up coming in for their second innings and failing to catch up on aggregate even after batting again. The result will be given in the form "Team Y beat Team X by an innings and 19 runs".
In a case where the team who batted the opening innings of a match next proceed to dismiss their opponents for an embarrassingly low percentage of their total, they can twist the knife by "enforcing the follow-on" — flaunting their vast superiority by making the demoralised opposition bat again straight away. If the team following-on fail to catch up even after their second go around, then an "innings victory" as above will be the result; the hope for the side doing the enforcing is that even if they do have to come back to bat again themselves, the target set after the hapless opponents have finished their second innings should be rather negligible.
So if a side enters the last day or hours having been comprehensively outplayed and still hundreds of runs in arrears on aggregate, they can abandon all attempt at actually catching their target and simply "play for the draw", grimly clinging on to their last wickets and stonewalling everything thrown at them, hardly daring to go for a run, while the crowd either grips the edge of their seats or gives up and goes home, depending upon allegiance. In extreme circumstances, one side may see its final pair of batsmen, usually specialist bowlers with only the haziest grasp of batting mechanics, pinned to the crease like terrified limpets while their furious opposite-numbers unleash an ever more titanic bombardment as the final minutes of play tick away, until either the stumps or the bowlers� sanity are finally shattered. Successfully pulling off this trick shows how the game can reward dogged tenacity as much as flair, as the apparently outclassed side will withdraw from the fray battered and bloodied but with a share of the spoils.
If a team is lazy and winning, they can just stop batting and end their innings early. This is officially known as declaring, and their score will read something like "324-6 declared" as opposed to "324 all out". This is most often done as a pre-emptive counter to the above strategy, when the captain of a batting team that is doing particularly well feels his side have already established enough of a lead, and hopes to force a result by giving themselves enough time to hopefully bowl the opposing team out before time expires. After all, there�s little point in setting a mammoth target like 638 by lengthily compiling 500-odd runs in your second innings, if by the time you�re all out it�s late on the final afternoon and the opposition only need to bat out a dozen overs to secure a draw... So the captain may choose to call a halt as soon as an incumbent batsman has reached their century, perhaps, or the next wicket fallen, or simply a round-number gap opened up. Exactly how soon the declaration is made, though, is a trial of confidence; or as TOW puts it, "A captain considering declaration must balance the risks of declaring too early (thus setting too low a target for the opposing team) against those of declaring too late or not at all (thus causing a draw by leaving insufficient time to complete the match)."
If a team manages to rack up such a vast score at the start of a match they feel able to declare in their first innings, then obliterate the opposition for such a meagre tally they are also able to force the follow-on, then do so again for an innings victory... well, that's about as close to a Curb-Stomp Battle as cricket gets.
One-day cricketIf you cannot handle the sheer exhilaration, tension and shifting fortunes of four or five days of concentrated play, there are the one-day matches too. Here both teams have just a single innings and bat for only a limited number of overs — often fifty, but sometimes sixty or forty depending on the competition and what period of history we�re talking about. If the second team batting fails to catch the first team�s score by the end of their allotted overs then the first team wins; if the second team do catch up then play stops there and they win. Simple. Thus, the game can turn into a race against the clock as the second side attempt to beat the other team�s score before they run out of overs.
This is regardless of how many players get out — a side that bats carefully and amasses 100 runs for the loss of no wickets at all (100-0) will still lose to a side who bat in a cavalier yet faster-scoring fashion and score 101-9.
Used for knock-out cup competitions in Britain, as well as a separate One-Day Championship league. The newest trend in the "limited-over" game is the especially whizz-bang twenty-twenty format (known as Twenty20 or T20), where each team bats for only (you guessed it) twenty overs � the idea is to encourage dramatically big hitting and kamikaze running as there is such a brief time available for scoring. A match can be completed within a single afternoon. This version of the game has grown rapidly huge commercially in India (a hotbed of world cricket) in particular, where the nascent yet lucrative IPL (Indian Premier League) has revolutionised aspects of the sport, but the British game has also added T20 competitions to the annual calendar.
Since the method is headspinningly unfathomable even to top-level professional exponents of the sport, don�t worry yourself about it any further. In the rare instance of a tied one-day game in a knock-out competition, a result can be forced by a bowl-out/bowl-off — a relatively recent innovation akin to a penalty shootout in football (soccer), where five bowlers from each team take turns bowling at an undefended wicket once or twice each, with whichever side gets the most hits winning. This sounds not unlike Blatant Lies but is actually genuine.
Even more recently, however, this has mostly been replaced by a "Super Over", where each team is given one more over to score as many runs as they can.
International competitionMost countries that play international cricket matches against each other do so on an irregular basis, jetting off a couple of times a year on foreign tours that will take in a series of Test matches, 50-over One-Day Internationals (ODIs) and now Twenty20 games against their host country, plus usually an assortment of one-day games against that country's provincial/regional/county teams, perhaps the national B-team, and maybe an invitational side or two. Given the propensity for draws in multi-day cricket, it's quite possible to end a Test series 0-0, which, despite sounding like a complete non-event, surprises nobody and sends everyone home happy at least.
The oldest and fiercest international rivalry is between England and Australia: manifested in the biennial (on average) battles for The Ashes, where one of the planet's great sporting wars is waged for probably its smallest trophy, across five Test matches. The cricketing version of baseball's World Series (to some degree) or association football's World Cup is (also) called the World Cup and involves countries you don�t know anything about (Sri Lanka) in matches against countries that don�t exist (West Indies), with the numbers made up by countries that are actually more like states or provinces (England). Most of the 'big names' are Commonwealth nations, i.e. former members of the British Empire who learned the sport from their former colonial masters and now often play it better than them, but there is increasingly a global spread.
In summary...So, really it�s not much like baseball at all. However, it�s still similar, in that: The uniforms (kits) are patently ridiculous. (Australia�s involves a sweater vest and optional fisherman�s hat.)
It generates all manner of vaguely relevant statistics, ideal for nerds to obsess over for ever. The game lasts much longer that it needs to, ranging from the Twenty20 matches that last a couple of hours too long, but can have cheerleaders if you like that sort of thing, to Test cricket, which lasts days too long). The batsman is sometimes hit by the ball. But because the English are real men, this is a perfectly legitimate thing for the bowler to do. Bowlers frequently target lower-order batsmen in particular with short-pitched, steeply rising deliveries, sometimes called 'up the throat', that would be easily avoidable were the batsmen concerned any good, with the result that many are hit (as they don�t get out of the way) or panic and get out. If hit there is no penalty. They cannot use this tactic too much or it is considered intimidating in an unsportsmanlike fashion.
Informal cricketCasual versions of cricket, referred to as backyard cricket, beach cricket, street cricket, etc., often have their own House Rules. Probably the most common is that instead of formal teams, there are two batsmen, plus a bowler and fielders. When a batsman is dismissed, he/she is replaced by the person who made the dismissal (either the bowler, or the fielder who took caught or ran out the batsman). The ball is usually a tennis ball, often with one side covered in electrical tape to aid swing bowling. A garbage bin or section of a fence often substitutes for stumps. Other common house rules include:
Understanding a single word of all the above, and thus having the faintest idea of what�s going on at any point during the game, is not actually a requirement for enjoying cricket as a spectator. Trust us, this game is far better than it is made to sound! Like all good sports cricket has (as you may have come to realise) its own highly bizarre language of convoluted terms. The Other Wiki has a very good list here.
David Morgan-Mar (of Irregular Webcomic! fame) has also provided a comprehensive, comprehensible and highly informative cricket page here.
Another great site for everything and anything cricket related is http://www.cricinfo.com. Incidentally, a more accessible version of cricket is Beach Cricket (or Backyard Cricket), played all over Australia, New Zealand and the West Indies — and in Britain too, only there�s not nearly so many sunny beaches. It requires a cricket bat (of any material: can just be a stout piece of wood), a tennis ball or similar, fellow players and/or a dog to retrieve the ball, and pretty much anything can be substituted for the wickets. (Wheelie bins are particularly popular, at least in Australia. They make a satisfying "thunk" when you hit them.) The goal is to make sure everybody gets a turn at both batting and bowling, though fat Uncle Brian will usually sit out the fielding. To sum up, let�s consult this best-selling tea towel�s guide to the rules of cricket!:


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The Christian Leader in the Digital Age
- Tuesday, February 26, 2013
But the Internet has also disrupted the stable hierarchies of the old information age. A teenager with a computer can put out a blog that looks more authoritative than the blog written by the CEO of a Fortune 500 corporation – and perhaps read by more people as well. Most of what appears on the Internet is unedited, and much of it is unhelpful. Some is even worse.
And yet, if you are not present on the Internet, you simply do not exist, as far as anyone under 30 is concerned. These "digital natives" rarely receive and even more rarely write letters. They know nothing but instant information, and studies indicate that they multitask by instinct, utilizing several digital devices at once, often even when sitting in a classroom.
The digital world is huge and complicated and explosive. It contains wonders and horrors and everything in between. And it is one of the most important arenas of leadership our generation will ever experience. If you are satisfied to lead from the past, stay out of the digital world. If you want to influence the future, brace yourself and get in the fast lane.
Developing an Internet Presence
By now, just about every church, corporation, business, school or organization has a presence on the Internet. If not, realize that you just do not exist, so far as untold millions of people are concerned.
If you are a leader, you are responsible to see that your organization's Internet presence is useful, attractive, inviting, and well designed. If you need help, get help. The first impression on the Web is often the only impression you will make, so make it count.
Content is king. People come to your Web site because they are looking for information. Make sure they can find it, and make certain it is worth finding. Your Web presence advertises to the world who you are, what your organization is all about, and the seriousness of your commitment to that mission. The information on your site must be up to date, regularly updated, and worthy of attention. If your Internet presence looks stale, visitors will assume that your organization is stale as well.
As a leader, consider establishing your own Internet presence as a part of your organization's Internet site. If this seems self-aggrandizing, just recognize that this comes with the territory when you are a leader. Visitors want to know what you think, how you communicate your organization's mission, and whether you inspire trust.
You have a message to communicate, and there is absolutely no virtue in failing to communicate that message. Make it serve the mission of your organization and drive visitors into its Web pages. Offer good content, and visitors will come back again. Let it grow old, and they will go elsewhere. This means a loss for your organization and its mission. Never forget that.
Make certain that visitors can find you and your organization. If search engines do not know you exist, only those who already know your Internet address can find you. That is not a growth strategy.
The Gospel Imperative in the Digital Age
The church is assigned the task of sharing the Gospel, taking the message of Christ to the world, making disciples of all the nations. Christians have been about this task for more than 2,000 years, and we are now witnessing a resurgence in Great Commission vision and vigor in a new generation of Gospel Christians.
Just as the Gutenberg Revolution granted the generation of the Reformation unprecedented new opportunities to communicate their message, the Digital Revolution presents today's believers with tools, platforms, and opportunities that previous generations of Christians could not have imagined.
Christians – and Christian leaders in particular – should be taking advantage of blogs, social media, and every available platform for communicating our message. We should be exercising stewardship in new opportunities to learn, teach, and study online, recognizing that no generation before us had such rich opportunities.
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Neon - Local Information, Resources & Photos
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Alternate Unofficial Names: Fleming-Neon.
Neon is a community or populated place (Class Code U4) located in Letcher County at latitude 37.1915 and longitude -82.7135. (Neon Panoramio Photos). The elevation is 1,299 feet. Neon appears on the Jenkins West U.S. Geological Survey Map. Letcher County is in the Eastern time zone (GMT -5). Observes DST? Yes. Current Time. | Neon, KY ZIP Code Maps | Neon local area photos
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"Gaelic? Or Irish, Scottish and Manx?" : Your Comments
Go raibh maith agaibh :: Tapadh leibh :: Thank you all for sharing your views. I'm creating a collection here of all your comments, from the blog page itself, the Facebook page and Twitter. If people add more, I'll be sure to update this post with them.
Comments on the blog:
Seán Ó Hóireabhard: Well a chara, I come in on the opposite side of this debate. The term Gaelic is not offensive in of itself - one is proud to consider oneself a "Gael", to support a Gaelic Ireland and to support Gaeilge na hAlban whatsoever it calls itself, Gaelic included. However, the history of the term is negative - the Anglo Irish used it and despised the language, and The Gaelic League changed its name partly because of the effect the word "Gaelic" was creating in the public image. Reference is made to this in Proinsias Mac Aonghusa's "Ar Son na Gaeilge", a history of Conradh na Gaeilge. Not only is the history of the term one of abuse - (much like "Fenian" which has suffered a similar fate) its connotations are ones of backwardness and poverty. The term itself reminds Irish people of their inferiority under colonial rule and I believe that Irish people (sub-consciously) run a mile when they hear it. I don't think it does anything for Scottish either, and I advocate a re-branding for our cousins.
Irish, Scottish, Welsh.
Ian MacDonald: In Scotland, the term Gaelic, used on its own (as it generally is), simply means Scottish Gaelic - for the majority of the population this is the language, in isolation from any culture or people, which is barely recognised, though those with a connection have a wider understanding.
The possible emotive responses linked to this word are probably more significant to all Scots than any potential use outside of Scotland. The range is from utter contempt to soaring pride, with the weight of numbers in the somewhat favourable but rather bemused camp (to the extent that a large number of Scots will opt to pronounce it 'Gay-lick' because that's sort of how it looks like it should be pronounced in English).
The term Gael has never been widely used. One difficulty is that in Gaelic, the term is ambiguous, principally meaning highlander (regardless of language), as well as signifying someone with Gaelic origins. The Gaelic movement has now taken it as its own, to some effect.
Rebranding in Scotland is not needed to overcome any massive negative perception, or for any other reason. There is some anti-Gaelic reporting in the press, mainly, but it is increasingly isolated. Our problem has for at least 40 years been apathy, not antipathy.
Recently, things genuinely appear to be moving toward enlightenment and even a degree of pride in Gaelic. Calling it Scottish would be wholly strange and confusing to Scots, and counterproductive.
We Scots view the Celtic language spoken in Ireland as Irish, though we would also recognise the term Irish Gaelic. Gaelic speakers would of course recognise Gaeilge, and realise its closeness linguistically and in terms of shared need.
As for Manx Gaelic, those that are aware of it are generally approving of its closeness to our own variety of Gaelic, and of the success of Manx people in achieving revival and recognition for their language.
Joint Gaelic/Irish broadcasts such as Sruth na Maoile and Taigh Ciùil can only have a positive effect on mutual recognition and understanding, and ultimately progress for our languages. I would also imagine there is a role for Welsh and other southern Celtic languages as these are not as distant linguistically or politically, as all that.
Brian Ó Maoldúin: "Your language is a major factor in how you view the world"
How true. I would go as far as to say that the grammar and nuances of any nations' language is a great indicator of that nation's character. The Gaelic languages demonstrate that the Gaelic peoples were very respectful and law abiding. Our ancestors were not the uncivilised warring people portrayed by the Norman/Vatican or Elizabethian invaders. A small example , When addressing someone by name in Gaelic, the name is aspirated and put in the genitive case. This has the effect of softening the pronunciation thereby showing respect to the individual. Another is that there are no verbs "to have or "to own". This would indicate that they believed their possessions ,land or wealth were a gift or blessing but could be taken away from them at any time should they not care for them or use them fittingly.
Gaelic languages and the Brehon laws paint a picture of a caring secular society very different from the uncivilised indisciplined warring people I was taught about at school.
It is time the Dept. of Education revised their History curriculum and scrap the "Celtic" rubbish written by English, victorian (so called) historians. It is time for our children to be taught the TRUE history of this nation and our ancestors.
Seán De Búrca: I have a lot I want to say, and I'll write up a more engaged post on the Irish/Gaelic later, but first I feel a desperate need to address one claim, and the comment which picks up on it: linguistic relativism, or the idea that language influences cognition. I'm currently a near-graduated student of linguistics at university, planning on going on to graduate school when I finish. I am not focusing on sociolinguistics, but nonetheless these are claims that come up very frequently, and are very familiar.
The idea that language determines thought processes and cognitive categories is called the strong Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and is, among linguists, almost universally considered false. The weak Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which says that language can affect cognition in a limited way, has more general acceptance. I would like to emphasise the word 'limited'. Experiments have to be cleverly designed to demonstrate differences in cognition between speakers of two different languages. I therefore disagree with the statement that it is a major factor in one's view of the world. Instead, culture (which is generally closely tied with language) is a more likely culprit. Language communities of course have their own idiosyncratic contributions to subculture.
Brian, it isn't my desire to refute your statements about Gaelic culture, but I do want to add a linguist's view of the particular phenomena you mentioned. When addressing someone, the lenition of the name is due to regular sound changes in the history of the Celtic languages. Respect does not play into it. If it did, would that mean I respected Tadhg more than Ruairí? Extending it, do I have more respect for the window than the doctor? Perhaps the Gaels were more respectful toward others than surrounding groups, but that has nothing to do with leniting forms of address.
Second, the lack of 'to have' or 'to own' is a red herring. The structures still exist in the language, and have since the earliest written records of Old Irish. In fact, parallel structures exist in at least Welsh, suggesting it goes back to a time when people spoke the language that later became Old Irish and British. The same meaning can be expressed. The same concepts of ownership and possession existed. The linguistic structure is all that differs.
Again, this isn't an attack on perceptions of the Gaels. My only desire is to stamp out a long-running linguistic myth that never ceases to rankle.
barnai (Brian Ó Maoldúin?): Many thanks for your reply. Please keep on refuting any thoughts I post otherwise I'll learn nothing.
Just to put you in the picture. I'm not a scholar of linguistics, sociology or indeed Irish history. I do however have an insatiable love of reading books, dissertations,theories etc on these subjects. Just occasionally, this can be an advantage because I have no preconceptions nor do I accept any unproven theories to be true no matter how convincing the arguments.
I believe that the history I was taught at school, though in the main factually correct in terms of dates & events, was thoroughly sanitized and censored by the church and state. The alleged Celtic invasions being a case in point. My son had to do an essay on this for his exams recently, even though no such invasion ever took place. Recent advances in mapping our genetic composition has confirmed this.
In terms of our language I agree with you that language does not determine thought processes I do however think that collective thought processes and collective behaviors are reflected in the language. In short the character of the language reflects the disposition of the people.
With regard to "Is liom" & "Tá agam". To own can just as easily be translated as to have stewardship over. It was only with the coming of the Vikings and later the Normans that Gaelic perspectives ownership began to change. Even so only the South & East were effected. In fact the entire Brehon law system with regard to ownership is based on the fact that each of us is here for a short period of time therefore ownership is temporary even during ones lifetime. It is an accurate reflection of a peoples core beliefs.
I am also struggling with the "P-Celt" "Q-Celt" theory. Given that we are not and never were Celts. Welsh Cornish and Breton neither look or sound like Gaelic. One look at their respective dictionaries is enough to show that. I reminds me of the Paleontologist who, based on current evolutionary theories concluded that the mammoth was the ancestor of the rhinoceros. Anyone with a pair of eyes can see it's an ancient elephant.
Anyway that's enough of my amateurish ranting. I look forward to hearing from ye.
Le Gach Dea Ghuidhe.
Facebook comments:
Aonghus Dwane: Gle mhath!
Isaac M. Davis: Iontach maith!
Kevin J. McLauchlin: 's fheàrr leam 'Gàidhlig, Gaeilge, agus Gaelg.' Nì gach uile fhacail cùisean troimh-a-chèile. Cleachdaidh an t-uabhas a dhaoine ann an Alba (gu h-àraid air a' Ghalltachd) Gaelic a chum brìgh a dhèanamh nan uile chànan. Is coma leam gach dòigh eile a bhith a' cur an cèill an diofair.
Xaviar Cava: In my opinion, although nowadays are regarded as separate languages, they are all forming a dialect continuum with different standards (with 'An Caighdeán' and 'Gàidhlig meadhan na mara' as clearly cases of diglossia).
…so, I think that Gaelic is an appropiate term.
Isaac M. Davis: I think that Gaelic is a useful term, and if the speakers of all the varieties thought of themselves as speakers of one big transnational language, then I'd be happy to speak of it thus. However, since they don't, so much, I go with the flow and tell people that I speak Irish, and talk about them as different languages. When I was at a conference on the Isle of Man, back in May, though, there were many inter-Gaelic conversations, once the Irish-speakers had learnt a bit of Manx and were able to modify their utterances accordingly so that they were more likely to be understood.
John O'Brien: Gaelic is a handy term cos when ever someone says to me, do you speak Gaelic, I immediately know that they aren't from Ireland.
Phil Busby: Yes that's right
Xavier Cava: It is important to state too that gaeilge, gàidhlig, gaelg and even gaelic, are cognates. The first three are autonyms and the last one is an exonym.
Phil Busby: its great that its still popular
Edoardo McKenna (Éamonn MacCionaith): Apologies for barging in in this fashion, but by a fortunate coincidence I was discussing the topic this very morning with my uni supervisors.
The point of contention was the classification of Gàidhlig within the context of its historical evolution, particularly against the backdrop of the unified literary language known to this day as "Classical Irish". A few eyebrows were raised when in one of my submissions I opted for "Classical Gaelic" instead (I'll explain in a sec).
To simplify things somewhat, over the past two centuries there have been two main tendencies among scholars: on the one hand those who consider Gàidhlig a mere off-shot of Irish (not to say a dialect), who are essentially Irish or Continental researchers (most notably Germans), and on the other a not negligible group of Scots who consider it completely independent of it, with some debatable theories involving both Pictish (see Diack, for example) as well as 'nativisation' (see Campbell' the Sea kingdom of the Scots, as well as Colm O'Baoill in Rannsachadh na Gàidhlig).
My point was that in a diachronic context the language had always been known (at least in records) as Gaeilge, Geulach, Gàidhlig, Gaelg, or a variant thereof (as you correctly pointed out), and the only way to mirror this fact nowadays was to adopt the orthographically uniform term "Gaelic". My point was taken, albeit somewhat willy-nilly. Having said this, your post made me think of another aspect: in dealing with language standardisation there is the accepted consesus based on Kloss' definition that a dialect or a speech variant may become a language by means of Ausbau, or the engineered development usually promoted by a state. That seems to fit the Irish scenario fairly well: a variant of the Gaelic language, in itself genetically related to the other two (therefore no Abstand, or genetic distance, in Kloss' terms), becomes "Irish" with its adoption by the Irish State; a similar case could well be Luxembourgish, in itself a peculiar Central German dialect elevated to the role of national language with a different name. So the two definitions are not necessarily at odds. Finally, concerning your question on self identity for non-Gàidhlig Gaels: yes, they are still largely considered part of the Gaels' community by virtue of ancestry and family ties, especially if they are only 2nd or 3rd generation on the mainland and have kept their ties to the original island (I think I read something in this sense in A companion to the gaelic language, mcleod and macleod, but don't take my word for it-it's been a while) Apologies for the long post, but keep your blog going, it's an excellent idea and good food for thought. Le meas, Ed.
Ps. Another interesting point could be whether the modern varieties of gaeilge are linguistically one language: Donegal Gaeilge is very very similar to Gàidhlig, and the now defunct Tyrone and East Ulster ones were even more so. Connacht gaeilge is still approchable, from a Scottish perspective, while Munster's is essentially a related but foreign language (the conjugations and the stress patterns being the main problem). From an historical perspective (see the Irish Dalriada in Scotland, which hailed essentially from Antrim and Down) Gàidhlig is an off-shot of Ulster gaeilge, and I suspect the discriminating line shoud be set somewhere along the Shannon, rather than in the Sruth na Maoile :-D Cheers!
Séamas Ó Sionnaigh: There are vociferous minorities of English speakers in Ireland and Scotland who determinedly use the terms Gaelic and Gaels to differentiate themselves from those they identify as having a different identity (ethnicity?) from their own. In Ireland it is not so bad, though you will see newspaper commentators who refuse to use the words "Irish language" and always couch it in the terms of "Gaelic" and "Gaelic speakers" (usually with half-a-dozen discriminatory or quasi-racists remarks). In Scotland it is far worse. If we drop terms like the "Irish language" or the "Scottish language" and embrace the "Gaelic language" we lose the essential connection between language, culture and nation in both countries. And we hand a victory to that small minority of militant Anglophones who wish to destroy the native languages and cultures of both nations. Additionally, the Irish, Scottish and Manx languages, though very close cousins, are not the same. They may be dialectal versions of the same mother tongue (Gaelic!) but they have diverged enough to deserve their own identifying terms. That is not to deny a Pan-Gaelic identity (we are the "sea-divided Gaels") or the necessity for keeping the term Gaelic as a useful identifier in the English language for that international ethnicity or for Irish, Scots and Manx people with a "native" identity, either through birth or adoption in later life (though in this I would be far more expansive in my definition of who qualifies as a Gael and would not restrict it to native speakers but to anyone who self-identifies with the term in its fullest extent). I agree absolutely with the promotion of a Gaelic identity that embraces the Gaelic nations and peoples as a whole. I would see Ireland, Scotland and Mann in a Gaelic Council along the lines of the Scandinavian Council and closer co-operation between our respective governments. Especially if that would ease the old sectarian and ethnic tensions in both nations. If the British or Scots-Irish minority in Ireland could be accommodated and integrated via a Scottish Gaelic identity, while the Irish minority in Scotland could be accommodated or integrated via a Gaelic Irish identity, both nations would benefit hugely. Just a few thoughts.
Phil Busby: irish language tends to get labelled as a republican ideal when in my case i love the language although im really still school boy ish /holiday standard i embrace it as a cultural thing. thats why im commited to learn more of it by 2015.
Edoardo McKenna (Éamonn MacCionaith): @ Séamas: Just a few considerations on your comments, if I may. I agree completely with your observation that using "Irish" and "Scottish" in connection to the language does carry an emotive and affective connotation for many people; nonetheless, I am under the impression that the importance of the local label may be greater in Ireland (presumably for historical and political reasons) than it is in Scotland. Regardless of what attitude people have towards the language, both supporters and detractors usually call it simply Gàidhlig, and in their mind-set there is no question that it IS an integral part of Scottish culture (the days of yore when Highlanders were called "Erse", or Irish, as if they were a separate body within the country, are luckily gone and forgotten). In other words, as John O' brien pointed out above, the general pronunciation 'Gah-lick', even when spellt Gaelic, is enough to make it Scottish. And I doubt that detractors would change their mind simply because the language retains a national label. You are also right in highlighting that in a synchronic context the 3 languages are different enough to be something more than variants: but would the retention of Gailge, Gàidhlig and Gaelg as denominations not be sufficient to designate both diversity and communality? Just a thought. The Pan-Gael council would be an excellent idea, but unfortunately I doubt it would be viable: since history and sectarianism still play a noticeable role in the social lives of both countries, it is often the case that speakers on both side of the Sruth (whether native or learners) do not wish to to be associated with one another, alas and alack. As for your suggestion of mutual cultural accommodation, the Protestant group in Ireland would hardly agree with a Scottish Gaelic identity, since Gàidhlig was historically the mother tongue of only a section of the settlers, and some of them were not even Scots at all.
Moreover, whenever their members have taken an interest in Celtic
things, it was usually the Gaeilge they turned to, for the simple fact that, well, they live in Ireland (there's an excellent book on 18th century Gailge promoters and language users within Ulster's Presbyterian community, the title fails me now). Conversely, the descendants of the Irish in Scotland seldom have an interest in the ancestral language beyond the few slogans and chants heard on football pitches; I suspect this may be largely due to the suppression of the collective memory linked to poverty and emigration (a cliché which dies hard in Scotland) as well as, presumably, the pressure towards integration. I hope I have not been too polemic, just a few thoughts I wanted to share with you. :-)
Séamas Ó Sionnaigh: Lots of points to agree with there :-) I use "Scottish" for the same reasons I also use "Irish": to tie nation and nationality and national language together. The very same reasons why the opponents of Irish and Scottish use Gaelic but with the opposite intent. In an ideal world, where the Gaelic languages and English were of equal validity in their respective countries, there would perhaps be no such need but unfortunately we live under a post-colonial paradigm with all that stems from it. If you examine the general attitudes in Scotland towards the Scottish language, yes there is a rising tide of good will, but equally there is still (intense) hostility. Terms like "Erse" are still in use (look to the Comments sections of any Scottish newspaper site, such as the Scotsman) as well as arguments that Gaelic is not Scottish because it was imported from Ireland, and is therefore foreign to the Scottish nation (nonsense we know). Even more ridiculous (or desperate) are the arguments that the native language of north-eastern Scotland should be Norwegian or Icelandic because of the temporary Viking presence in those areas, which means there is no place for Gaelic in those regions (but none for Norwegian or Icelandic either!). On the North, I agree that most of the British minority in Ireland reject any form of Gaelic identity – even a Scottish one. But most is not all. Look at the work of An Droichead in this area. http://ansionnachfionn.com /2011/08/23/the-irish-and- scottish-languages-a-union-of-hearts-and-minds/ Even if a minority of the minority were to embrace some form of Gaelicness, or see relations between Ireland and Scotland in the light of an ancient Gaelic milieu, it might build somewhat towards a shared future on this island. Maybe I'm too hopeful? Or too much of a Pan-Gaelic nationalist? ;-)
Twitter comments:
@Goidheal (Brian Ó Maoldúin): Iontach maith.
@AnSionnachFionn (Séamas Ó Sionnaigh): But using "Gaelic" plays into the hands of some militant anglophones in Ireland who argue that Gaelic/Gaels are not "Irish".
@leftmostcat: Here's a vote for some sort of comment system. (Disqus on tumblr?) I have a lot to say, and 140 characters just isn't enough!
@Goidheal (Brian Ó Maoldúin): In Ireland it's "An Ghaeilge" In the north of the country Gaeilge is pronounced gaeilic. Older spelling An Ghoidhlige
@Goidheal (Brian Ó Maoldúin): @AnSionnachFionn @sruthnamaoile Genetically 90% of people in Ireland with Gaelic surnames are Gaels.
@cumhnaint (Muiris): @AnSionnachFionn @sruthnamaoile Thòisich Gaelige ann an Èirinn agus dh`fhàs Gàidhlig as Gaelige. 'S ann gòrach a tha "militant anglophones".
@AnSionnachFionn (Séamas Ó Sionnaigh): Gaelic = mother tongue. Irish, Scottish & Manx = daughter tongues. Gaelic identifies all 3 and individually. Will post to FB
@cumhnaint (Muiris): @Goidheal @AnSionnachFionn @sruthnamaoile Uill, aontaichidh mi, ach na dìochuimhnichibh gum bruidhinn Gaidheal Gàidhlig/Gaelige cuideachd.


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