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Do you remember when Catherine Giudici posted a wedding dress photo a couple of weeks ago, leaving us to wonder whether or not she'd shared a shot of the actual gown she plans on wearing to marry Sean Lowe?
Well, considering she just posted another picture of another white dress to Instagram -- along with another tiny little black heart like she did in the first photo -- it's probably safe to assume neither one of these babies is the dress she said yes to. (If she's even picked one out at this point.)
But one thing's for sure -- Catherine is obviously leaning toward a certain style for her nuptials, which is nothing like what you'd expect for a live TV wedding.
The dress she showed off yesterday is a Max Mara gown worn by Jennifer Garner. It's very chic, elegant, and so much simpler than most traditional wedding gowns.
And in case you can't recall, here's a shot of the J. Mendel dress she posted back on October 28.
Cute -- but kinda on the casual side, don't you think? Ok, so it's not casual for a beach or backyard wedding -- but a nationally televised ceremony? Aren't you expecting something a bit more embellished and over-the-top?
More from The Stir: Catherine Giudici Is Already Ruining Her Wedding (PHOTO)
Based on these two pics, it's clear that Catherine is looking for a traditional gown in the sense that she doesn't want ruffles, beading, or any sort of big fuss. But at the same time, it appears as though she wants something with a modern twist -- like a dress that's stunning without being overly formal.
Ugh. I wish she'd quit teasing us with these photos and just leave us in suspense until her big day. Whatever dress she chooses is bound to be gorgeous -- and I'm sure we'll all be going ga-ga over it.
And you know Sean will probably break down in tears when he catches his first glimpse of her coming down the aisle. Seems appropriate for him, somehow.
What style was your wedding dress?
Image via Instagram
Do you seriously think Catherine is going to post her dress and ruin the surprise?
no i don,t and should be a surprise i am very glad they are moving ahead with there planes and not letting anything to stop them from being happy
Dania is right. She will give us a big surprise. She knows she has to looksuper good on her wedding day.
People just love to talk. Just wait and see. Wish you the best.


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Does your client have a probate dispute that needs to be resolved? Probate litigation can get complicated and can become a drawn out process when you take your matters to court. Have you considered handling the dispute outside the courtroom? At Ridgway Law Group, P.S. we implement Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) tactics including mediation. As mediators, we open up and improve the possibility of dialogue between the two parties and we help them come to an agreement. Our lead attorney Sheila Ridgway can act as a third-party mediator and help you and your client negotiate a mutually desirable outcome with the other party. The process is of course private and confidential and we will help facilitate rather than direct the process so the situation is kept under control and the ebb and flow of negotiation is constant.
Mediation is a viable alternative, rather than going to trial, and matters can be resolved in an efficient and timely matter. In the long run, mediation cuts back on costs and saves you time so you can take on more cases. This form of dispute resolution is promoted and encouraged by the Trust and Estate Dispute Resolution Act (TEDRA) as a first choice before going straight to trial litigation. Principal attorney, Ms. Ridgway, would not act as another attorney but simply as neutral facilitator that encourages both parties to reach a mutually agreeable decision for the situation at hand. When mutuality is reached, both parties will feel satisfied with the outcome instead of having a judge rule and decide on their behalf. Our firm mediates matters of probate, estate and elder law. We are trained to handle even the most difficult situations and we have reached many successful verdicts and resolutions for attorneys and their clients by using TEDRA mediation. We can do the same for you. If you have a dispute involving assets, multi-property estates, wills or trusts, contact our Seattle office today!
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Date of Award
Degree Type
Degree Name
Master of Arts (MA)
Political Science
Marshall Goldstein
Karl Marx's political and social theory has its awn distinct and special account of the position of women and the family in pre-bourgeois and bourgeois society. It also has a special conception of human nature in terms of the nature of men and women in bourgeois society. There are partial statements on women and the family in many of the early writings of Marx. These statements, although they do not provide a full analysis, provide a framework for an early Marxist theory of the position of women and the family in bourgeois society. There presently exists no one source that has attempted to bring together for analysis and discussion all the collected statements on women and the family that were presented in Marx's early writings. This thesis is the first scholarly work to do so. There are twenty-seven distinct references to women and the family that appear in eight of Marx's works written between 1840 and 1850. For Marx, the position of women in society was at least partially determined by their place in the family unit which usually consisted of the husband, the wife, and the children and which was based upon relationships of private property. When Marx's early writings on women and the family are viewed together, they provide an historical and theoretical account of the position of women in pre-bourgeois and bourgeois society in terms of what constitutes such a position, what causes such a position, and how such a position can be improved.
Recommended Citation
Eker, Glen Barry, "The Early Writings of Karl Marx on the Position of Women and the Family in Bourgeois Society" (1987). Open Access Dissertations and Theses. Paper 6023.
McMaster University Library


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Obviously, Twitter Shares Part Of The Blame For Weiner Being Pond Scum
ABC News doesn't come out specifically and say that Twitter shares the burden for Rep Anthony Weiner (D-NY) sexting issue, but they sure imply the hell out of it! Congressman Weiner: Did Twitter Make Sexting Too Easy?
In the end, of course, New York Congressman Anthony Weiner said he did it to himself. He was the one who got in contact with women, he admits. He concedes he sent lewd pictures, and then lied about it.
"[I'm] deeply ashamed of my terrible judgment and actions," Weiner said again and again. "This was a very dumb thing to do."
But look at the channels he used. Twitter. Facebook. Choking back tears at his news conference, he said he panicked after he sent what he thought was a private tweet with an image attached — and then realized he had actually made it public, available to thousands of "followers."
Why should we look at the "channels he used"? He's a big boy, a supposed adult, not too mention an elected federal official (not that being one gives one some sort of special state versus the rest of us).
"He didn't realize everything he did was potentially public," said Gartenberg. "On the Internet there's no such thing as a retraction."
It is especially true on Twitter, which Weiner said he used to send messages to women. One's so-called tweets are so quick, and so short, that they discourage complete spelling — much less thought about the consequences of sending something.
So, because Twitter supposedly makes you not think, it's partly at fault.
"If you are doing something that would be embarrassing if found out, here is your big chance to stop," Mike Moran, chief strategist at Converseon, wrote in a blog post. "The bigger you are, the more successful you are, and the more famous you are, as a person or as a brand, the more likely that someone, someday is going to call you on this bad behavior. Don't say you haven't been warned."
Twitter compounds the risk because messages on it are public unless you specify otherwise.
Obviously, we need federal legislation to stop the uncertainty, it's the only fair solution. Or, people who are sending underwear shots to coeds should take the time to make sure they are doing it privately. I know I tend to take a bit more time, and thought, when I'm send a more serious Tweet, @ or DM, to someone. I'm sure you do, too.
But, it's partly Twitters fault. Liberals always have to look for Someone Else to blame.
Crossed at Pirate's Cove. Follow me on Twitter @WilliamTeach.
Also see...
People don't like to talk about America's culture for the same reason that a man who just had a heart attack doesn't want to discuss the double bacon cheeseburger he's...Read More
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Via The Hill: Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell (Ky.) scolded Sen. Al Franken (D-Minn.) on the Senate floor Thursday for
Meghan McCain's Latest: Too Stupid Not to Comment Upon
Just hearing her name causes me pain and normally I wouldn't waste a minute's time worrying about what this vacuous


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DepressionStrokeFunctional Impairment
Received June 12, 1996; revised December 10, 1996; accepted January 13, 1997. From the Department of Psychiatry, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. Address correspondence to Dr. Ramasubbu, Speciality Program, Royal Ottawa Hospital, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada.
To examine the independent association of depression following acute stroke with impairment in activities of daily living (ADL), the authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis of stroke patients enrolled in the Stroke Data Bank (U.S.A.) who had completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Scores on the Barthel Index, a measure of ADL, were compared between depressed (CES-D≥16) and nondepressed patients (CES-D≤15) at 7—10 days after stroke. Of the 626 who completed CES-D, 160 were depressed. Depressed stroke patients evidenced greater impairment in ADL than nondepressed patients, independently of all other factors that influenced poststroke physical disabilities. CES-D scores were negatively correlated with Barthel scores in the entire stroke population. Neurological factors, greater age, poor prestroke physical activity, and prestroke disturbances in sexual functioning were also independently associated with limitations in functional status of stroke patients.
Measures of functional status, or the capacity to perform tasks and activities, have been increasingly the focus of medical and psychiatric outcome research. Among psychiatric conditions, syndromal and subsyndromal depression have been found to be significantly associated with long-lasting decrements in functioning that are comparable to, or even greater than, those associated with chronic medical illnesses.1 Furthermore, when depressive disorders and chronic medical conditions coexist they appear to have unique and additive effects on functioning.2
Depressive disorders and diminished functional capabilities have been recognized as common consequences of stroke. Previous investigators have demonstrated that poststroke depression during the acute phase of recovery adversely affects functional abilities,3—5 short-term physical therapy outcome,4 and long-term functional recovery.6,7 Hence, studying the impact of depression on functioning of stroke patients is important for several reasons. The magnitude of the public health problem and the economic burden imposed by stroke are considerable. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that cerebrovascular disease is the second leading cause of long-term disability among elderly people, with an annual incidence of 400,000 in the United States of America.8 The aggregate lifetime cost for all strokes that occurred in the United States in 1990 was estimated to be 38.7 billion dollars.9 The cost associated with rehabilitation accounts for 52% of the total cost per stroke patient.10 Although 20% to 50% of stroke patients may have demonstrable depression,11 a significant proportion of these depressions go unrecognized and untreated,12 implying that the negative impact of depression on functional impairment is a major concern for health care services. A better understanding of the relationship of depression and stroke-related functional impairment may enhance awareness among clinicians and researchers of the importance of evaluating depression in the assessment and treatment of functional disabilities in stroke patients.
Previous reports concerning poststroke depression and functional impairment have yielded inconsistent results. Some studies have shown a significant association between measures of depression and functional impairment during the initial period following stroke.3—5,13,14 Some studies found that this relationship decreased with time after stroke,3,12 while other studies reported that this correlation increased with time.15 Furthermore, although some studies have failed to find any correlation between depression and functional impairment during the initial period after stroke,16,17 others have demonstrated a positive correlation at only 12 and 24 months after stroke.18 Interestingly, Parikh et al.6 reported that depressive measures immediately following stroke predicted follow-up functional measures at 2 years post stroke. Thus, the correlation between depression and functional impairment, and the relationship of such impairment with time since stroke, appear complex.
The relationship between functional impairment and poststroke depression is poorly understood at the present time. Some people have argued that stroke patients become depressed as a psychological reaction to limited physical functioning;19 others speculate that depression might produce functional impairment as a result of fatigue, hopelessness, and diminished motivation;14 and a third point of view is that physical disabilities can be both a cause and an effect of depression.13 However, discrepancies in the findings of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies currently prevent us from reaching any firm conclusions about the nature of this relationship. Variations in sample characteristics17 and size,14 the time since the stroke,5 the type of assessment instruments used, and the type of statistical analysis4 used may have contributed to these conflicting findings. Further, although several medical, neurological, and social demographic variables might influence poststroke functioning, none of the previous studies examined the effect of these variables on the association between poststroke depression and functional impairment. Hence, it is possible that functional impairment attributed to poststroke depression could have been partly due to the confounding effects of these factors.
The Stroke Data Bank (SDB) is a multicenter, prospectively collected large pool of information from a wide spectrum of stroke patients that may serve as a resource to answer some of the unresolved research issues in cerebrovascular disease.20 In this article, we use SDB findings to examine the relationship between functional impairment and depression after stroke. Given that initial functional scores may be critical in determining the outcome of rehabilitation of stroke patients,21 we examined whether depression immediately following stroke would be independently associated with limitations in physical functioning. Further, we attempted to identify the physical illnesses and demographic factors that might affect functional status during the acute period after stroke.
Complete details on the organization and design of the Stroke Data Bank study and data collection have appeared elsewhere.22 The four participating centers included the University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore; Boston University Medical Hospital, Boston; Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center of Chicago; and Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York. Patients with a definable stroke (stroke was defined as a sudden, nonconvulsive, focal neurological deficit persisting beyond 24 hours) who were 15 years of age or older were eligible to participate in the study. Patients were ineligible for the study if they had a coexisting, confounding physical disorder (cancer, sickle cell disease, other hematological disease, or head injury), if they were discharged from the hospital before completing the initial assessment, or if they (or, in the case of incompetent patients, the legal next of kin) did not give informed consent to participate.
Enrolled patients were evaluated on several parameters by a designated neurologist and research assistant in each of the five participating centers. For the purpose of the current study, data obtained 7—10 days after stroke that pertained to sociodemographic characteristics, depression, neurological and medical status, functional evaluation, and CT scan findings were used for analyses.
Activities of daily living (ADL) assessment was performed by using the Barthel Index (BI)23 to evaluate the functional capabilities of stroke patients. The BI is a weighted instrument that comprises 10 items measuring performance in self care (feeding, bathing, perineal care, toileting, dressing, bowel and bladder care) and mobility (transfer, ambulating, and stair climbing). The total score ranges from 0—100, with 100 representing functional competence in all 10 items and 0 representing total dependence. Functional scores were obtained by a research nurse by patients' demonstrating or reporting on the level at which each activity can be accomplished. The BI has been widely used as a functional assessment scale in stroke populations. It is simple to use and has good interrater reliability, internal consistency (α=0.96), and construct and criterion validity.21,24—27
Depression was assessed by using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale.28 This self-report instrument consists of 20 items, of which 16 represent a variety of affective, cognitive, behavioral, and somatic symptoms associated with depression. Four items that focus on positive moods have reversed scoring. Each item is scored from 0 to 3, depending on the frequency or duration with which a specific symptom has occurred during the preceding week. Thus, for any individual, the total CES-D score can range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression. In stroke populations, a score of 16 or higher has been found to have a specificity of 0.90, a sensitivity of 0.86, and a predictive validity of 0.80 when compared with a psychiatric diagnosis of major depression.29 Further, when the CES-D is administered by a research nurse to stroke patients, it has been found to have good interrater reliability and good concurrent, discriminant, and construct validity.30
A research nurse read each question of the CES-D scale to the patients, who were then asked to choose the card that best described their feelings or behavior during the past week. This scale was not administered to sedated, aphasic, non—English speaking, comatose, or uncooperative patients. Stroke patients who scored 16 or higher were considered to be depressed, and, based on previous findings,30 a score of 25 or greater was considered indicative of severe depression.
Neurological examinations were conducted by neurologists, and the findings were categorized into three groups for the purpose of analysis. Motor loss was quantified by using a weakness scale (summated scores could range from 0 to 60.12), and sensory impairment was assessed by using a sensory scale (summated scores could range from 0 to 36.12,22). Other neurological findings, including cranial nerve dysfunction, aphasia, apraxia, aprosodia, agnosia, neglect, and involuntary movements, were grouped under the heading "neurological deficits." For the purpose of this analysis, we scored only the total number of "neurological deficits." The diagnosis of dementia was based on the clinical judgment of the examiner. CT scans were examined by a designated CT reader (radiologist), and the information was recorded by a nurse coordinator. The following CT scan data were used in our analyses: the number, laterality, location, and size of vascular lesions and the degree of cortical atrophy.
Medical illnesses were assessed on the basis of history, physical examination, and relevant investigations. The following medical conditions were assessed for their impact on patient functioning: myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, and diabetes mellitus.
Information on prestroke functioning, including eating, dressing, bladder and bowel functions, domestic activities, leisure and social activities, exercise, sleeping pattern, sexual behavior, energy level, appetite, and social network were collected for comparison with poststroke functioning. This information was collected from the patient, but if the patient was unable to remember or respond, the relevant data were obtained from the family, significant others, or staff members of the institution.
Intergroup comparisons (depressed versus nondepressed) of categorical variables were performed with χ2 tests, and continuous variables with t-tests (two-tailed). Linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between BI scores and the various measures. In the regression analysis, BI scores of all stroke patients formed the dependent variable; the independent variables were depressive disorder (CES-D≥16), age, neurological variables (weakness scores, sensory scores, and other neurological deficits), clinical diagnosis of dementia, lesion volume, confounding medical illnesses, medications, prestroke functioning, and sociodemographic factors (gender and race). Linear regression analysis was also used to assess the interactions of weakness scores by depressed group. The significance of association between severity of depressive symptoms and functional impairment was examined by using Pearson's correlational analysis. All statistical analyses were conducted by using the SAS computer program. Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons were not undertaken because we present the actual level of significance for all comparisons and comment on results significant at the P≤0.05 level.
Of the 1,806 stroke subjects entered in the SDB, 626 completed the CES-D. Of these 626 CES-D completers, 160 scored 16 or higher on this instrument and constituted the depression group. Depressed patients were initially divided into 80 with severe depression (CES-D≥25) and 80 with moderate depression (CES-D of 16—24). However, since these two groups did not significantly differ in functional impairment (t=1.01, df=155, P=0.31) or in demographic characteristics, they were combined into one depressed group for further analyses. The demographic characteristics of the depressed and nondepressed group are shown in T1. Whites were more likely to be depressed than other ethnic groups. There was a trend suggesting that women with stroke might be more frequently depressed than men. There were no intergroup differences for total household income, marital status, or age. It is of interest to note that only 15% of depressed stroke patients were clinically identified as depressed by physicians and only 10% of depressed patients received antidepressants.
Patients with depression had significantly more impaired functioning than nondepressed patients (t=5.10, df=624, P<0.0001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that depression was independently associated with BI scores of all stroke patients (T2). For the entire stroke population, scores on the CES-D scale were negatively correlated with Barthel scores (r=—0.25, P=0.0001). Thus, greater functional impairment was associated with higher depression scores.
To determine whether ADL impairment in depressed stroke patients was related to specific depressive symptoms, we examined the correlation between specific depressive factors and the total BI score of depressed stroke patients. Previous work with the CES-D in community samples has consistently identified four factors: depressive affect, positive affect, interpersonal relations, and somatic/retardation factors.31 In order to determine the impact of retardation on functioning in depressed stroke patients, we analyzed the somatic and retardation factors separately. None of the five factors significantly correlated with the BI scores of the depressed group (depressed affect: r=−0.02, P=0.75; retardation: r=−0.13, P=0.08; somatic: r=0.01, P=0.83; positive affect: r=0.13, P=0.10; interpersonal: r=0.04, P=0.58). Each item of the BI was then examined for its relationship to depression. Compared with the nondepressed group, a significant proportion of depressed stroke patients required assistance in performing tasks in almost all functional items except drinking and feeding, brace prosthesis, and moving the wheelchair (F1). This finding suggests that depression-related functional impairment involves both self care and ambulation.
Although women evidenced greater functional impairment than men (t=−2.54, df=624, P=0.01), the general linear model did not show a significant interaction of gender and depression with respect to functional impairment (F=74.08, df=1, P=0.75). Similarly, although age was negatively correlated with BI scores (r=−0.18, P=0.0001), there was no age by depression effect (F=21.31, df=1, P=0.86). Depressed subjects had a higher rate of myocardial infarction (χ2=8.10, df=1, P=0.04), aortic stenosis (χ2=4.92, df=1, P=0.02), and mitral prolapse (χ2=8.75, df=1, P=0.003) than nondepressed stroke patients. Also, depressed patients were more frequently prescribed steroids (χ2=13.88, df=1, P=0.000), narcotics (χ2=16.55, df=1, P=0.000), anticonvulsants (χ2=5.15, df=1, P=0.02), insulin (χ2=3.78, df=1, P=0.05), and antidepressants (χ2=10.48, df=1, P=0.001) during hospitalization. However, on regression analysis, the confounding medical illnesses and medication history did not independently correlate with functional impairment of stroke patients (T2).
There were no statistically significant differences between depressed and nondepressed groups in diagnostic subtypes of stroke (χ2=10.42, df=7, P=0.16), previous history of stroke, and transient ischemic attacks (T3). Multiple regression analysis revealed that weakness scores and total neurological deficits were independently associated with functional impairment in stroke subjects (T2). Although total weakness scores were significantly higher in depressed than in nondepressed stroke patients (T3), when weakness scores were controlled, depression remained a statistically significant factor that affected function (F=20.55, df=1, P=0.0001). There were no differences between depressed and nondepressed patients in lesion characteristics (laterality and volume; T3). It should be noted, however, that a previous study demonstrated that among SDB subjects with single lesions less than 7 boxels in size, depression was significantly associated with left hemisphere injury.32 In the present study, regression analysis did not show a relationship between lesion volume and BI scores in stroke subjects (T2). Thus, characteristics of brain lesions could not account for the observed differences in functional impairment between depressed and nondepressed.
We examined the association of each indicator of prestroke functioning with poststroke depression. Patients with depression reported having worse sexual functioning (χ2=9.21, P=0.002) and greater disturbance in appetite (χ2=13.15, P<0.001), sleep (χ2=18.35, P<0.001), and energy level (χ2=30.99, P<0.001) before stroke than nondepressed stroke patients. Furthermore, patients with poststroke depression were significantly less involved in exercise prior to stroke than nondepressed stroke patients (χ2=19.45, P<0.001). Significant independent effects were found for prestroke exercise and sexual behavior on the functioning of stroke subjects (T2). Because depressed groups did not vary significantly from nondepressed in prestroke domestic (χ2=0.14, df=3, P=0.99) and leisure time activities (χ2=3.90, df=3, P=0.27), self care functioning (dressing: χ2=1.13, df=1, P=0.29; bladder/bowel function: χ2=0.28, df=1, P=0.60), group social activities (χ2=0.29, df=3, P=0.96), and living alone status (χ2=0.27, df=1, P=0.6), the independent effects of these variables on functioning were not examined.
Compared with stroke subjects who completed the CES-D, noncompleters of the CES-D did not differ significantly in gender (χ2=0.363, df=1, P=0.547) or race (χ2=1.78, df=1, P=0.182), but noncompleters were more likely to be older (t=3.94, df=1333, P<0.001) and more impaired, as indicated by significantly higher scores for motor weakness (t=17.58, df=1330, P<0.001), sensory impairment (t=17.28, df=1324, P<0.001), total neurological symptoms (t=11.60, df=1330, P<0.001), and lesion volume (t=8.0484, df=793, P<0.001). Further, a higher proportion of noncompleters were found to have dementia (χ2=47.77, df=1, P<0.001) and to have lower scores for exercise than the completers (χ2=29.17, df=3, P<0.001).
To our knowledge, this study is the first to make use of a large data bank resource to examine the relationship between depression and functional impairment in a relatively immediate poststroke period (7—10 days after stroke), controlling for the effects of neurological, medical, sociodemographic, and prestroke functioning variables on poststroke functional status. This cross-sectional evaluation of patients entered in the SDB study demonstrated that self-reported depression was associated with greater impairment in activities of daily living. Furthermore, this study found that the depression provided unique contributions to poststroke function. These findings are consistent with five previous studies that found greater functional impairment in depressed patients compared with nondepressed patients following stroke.3—5,12,13 Interestingly, of these five studies, three3,12,13 used the BI as a measure of functional ability, and three3,5,13 assessed patients within 3 weeks of the stroke. This raises the issue of whether the type of functional measure used and/or the timing of the assessment after stroke influences the strength of the relationship between depression and functional impairment. Barthel measures were closely related to motor loss27 and physical functioning,33 so the observed significant effect of depression in patients immediately following stroke might involve largely the physical domain of functioning. We furthermore found no differences in functional impairment between severe and moderate depression, in contrast to a previous controlled study that demonstrated significant differences in functional abilities between major and minor depression.34 There are several possible explanations for the discrepancies in these findings. First, the diagnosis of depression in the other study was made by using a structured psychiatric interview (modified PSE) and diagnostic criteria (DSM-III), while in this study the depression was determined by a self-rating instrument (CES-D). Second, we do not know whether the severity of depression in depressed stroke patients, as defined by self-reported CES-D scale, would be predictive of functional level. Third, because the BI focuses on physical functioning, the lack of a relationship between functional impairment and severity of depression in these depressed stroke patients suggests that physical dysfunction may not be a good indicator of severe depression. Perhaps psychosocial or global dysfunction might better distinguish between severe depression and moderate depression.
How can we account for the association of depression and functional impairment? Although these cross-sectional data do not allow us to examine the cause—effect relationship between functional impairment and poststroke depression, the observed lack of correlation between any particular group of depressive symptoms and functional impairment suggests that functional disability is not an epiphenomenon of psychomotor retardation in acute stroke subjects but instead is related to the whole syndrome of depressive illness. Although these findings cannot refute the argument that ADL impairment may lead to depression, the facts that lesion characteristics (laterality, volume) did not differ significantly between depressed and nondepressed subjects and lesion volume was not significantly correlated with BI scores suggest that large strokes with accompanying impairments were not the full explanation for depression. On the other hand, apathy or demoralization secondary to depression may have led to greater apparent functional deficit. Further, our data indicate that 52% of depressed stroke patients were functionally independent (BI>60) and 29% of nondepressed stroke patients were functionally dependent (BI<59), implying that severe impairments do not always lead to depression and relatively well-functioning stroke patients may suffer from depression. This would suggest that depression is not simply a reaction to the severity of functional impairment.
An important finding of this study is that weakness scores were shown to have independent negative effects on the functioning of all stroke patients, supporting the assumption that motor loss is a significant contributor to functional impairment in stroke patients. Further, the demonstrated significant association of poor prestroke physical functioning with poststroke depression as well as functional impairment merits further discussion. Depression may have been present in many of these patients before their stroke, or prestroke poor physical functioning might be related to the severity of medical conditions or preexisting personality attributes. Further, subjects with poor physical functioning may be prone to develop stroke and depression, and it is also conceivable that prestroke functioning influences the poststroke functional consequences. It is worth noting that age emerged as an independent factor that negatively affected the functional abilities of stroke patients. This is consistent with previous findings that older age is associated with decrements in functioning in poststroke patients.35
We recognize that the findings from the SDB are limited by several factors. First, the SDB involved hospitalized patients with acute stroke, and it therefore was not a random sample of all stroke patients. Second, less than half of the SDB patients completed the CES-D, and noncompleters were more impaired and older than completers. Thus, our sample is not representative of the entire stroke population, limiting the validity of inferences beyond the sample analyzed. Third, there may have been site differences in the detection of depression. Whereas 35% of the stroke patients enrolled by the Baltimore center were found to be depressed, only 17% of stroke patients enrolled by the Boston center were found to be depressed. Fourth, the existence of depression was defined by a cutoff score on the CES-D and was not determined by means of a structured psychiatric interview and defined diagnostic criteria. This method may have led to overidentification of depression in some patients and a failure to recognize depression in others. Fifth, the BI, used in this data bank to evaluate functioning, is less sensitive to changes in functional independence during the acute phase than are global outcome scales that accommodate language and cognitive deficits.36 Use of the BI might have weakened the strength of the observed association between variables, including depression and ADL, in stroke patients. With these caveats, however, this study represents the first attempt to conduct a multicenter study of poststroke depression.
In summary, the results of this study suggest that of all the factors, depression may be the only treatable condition that independently affects the functioning of patients following acute stroke. The important clinical implication of the study is that depression should be taken into account in the evaluation and treatment of functional abilities of all stroke patients. Further, our findings confirm previous observations that depression often goes undetected and untreated in stroke patients.12 Several studies have suggested, and one open-label treatment trial has demonstrated, that poststroke depressed patients may have greater improvement in ADL if they are treated with antidepressants.6,7,37,38 Hence, early recognition and effective treatment of depression following stroke might also optimize rehabilitation potential and thereby reduce the very significant human and financial costs associated with poststroke functional impairment. Further research is needed to determine how depression contributes to impairments in ADL and which impairments respond to antidepressants.
This study was supported in part by a grant from the Canadian Psychiatric Research Foundation (R.R.), NIMH Research Scientific Award MH00163 (R.G.R.), and Grants No1-2-NS-2398 for the Stroke Data Bank. The authors thank Mary Knickle for technical assistance.
FIGURE 1. Percentage of patients requiring assistance in each measure of the Barthel Index.
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Just realised I put this in the wring thread so Im moving it:
OK I'm a bit new around here but thought I'd keep a food diary in photo form. I already do this on flickr but thought I'd put it here so we can share ideas on what was yum and what was absolutely revolting and also so people can kick me out of the habit of having the same meal eight times a week :/ Which by the way is stuffed wrap for lunch and stuffed chicken for tea.
So to start here is today's lunch: Unsurprisingly, said stuffed wrap (filled with lettuce, grated carrot, Marmite cheese and jalapenos, also with a butter bud), with veggie nibbles. I eat this about 3-4 times a week
Also had half a pot of mango & apple fat free yoghurt and a coffee.


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The city of Lodi has purchased land and is in the process of replacing the problematic Fire Station 2, where firefighters have had to deal with rodents and black mold for a decade.
For years, the Lodi City Council and city staff have sought to rebuild the station, but city staff has struggled to find a suitable piece of property.
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Ratchet up tool time with this Black & Decker Jr. play workbench featuring a battery-operated drill and screwdriver, nuts, nails and more.
Product Features
- Store tools by hanging on the back or placing on lower shelves
Product Details
- Includes: workbench, battery-operated drill, battery-operated screwdriver, pliers, hammer, pipe wrench, screwdriver, 2-hole wood piece, 3-hole wood piece, 2 screws, 2 nails & 12 nuts
- 32.5"H x 17"W x 11.75"D
- Ages 3 years & up
- Requires 4 AA batteries (not included)
- Click here to purchase
- Assembly required
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HI there, thanks for visit my site. :-)
First thanks to my friends / teachers for greatest hobby of the world :
HA8QX(SK),HA0BY (ex:HA8BY),HA6IAM(ex op of: HA8KQX),HA0EX(ex:HA8WH),HA8IE,HA8WD,HA7LM(SK)
My only lovely mode is CW (Morse Telegraphy see in the suffix of my callsign) / QRQ - 99 percent of all contact's made in CW.
This station one of the little pistols set up .
Paddle is from original: Bencher - BY-2 and one home brew.
I am a QSL manager of
- please QSL direct only.
If You need my QSL, please send Your card direct way, I am surelly replying to it. But please attach a self-addressed envelope and 2 USD for the postage (The hungarian post fees are very high, 1 USD doesn't cover the reply charge). Thank You!
Member of: HSC#1243,VHSC#169,SHSC#52,EHSC#34,9ACWG,HACWG#010,UQRQC#112,MCWG,MARCONISTA,FISTS#825,
Daily using : IC7400 barefoot -73 watts because :
"An amateur station must use the minimum transmitter power necessary to carry out the desired communications."
antennas setup --------->
160/ 80 meters : inverted "L" 1/4 lambda on 80 and 160 meters base loaded with 16 radial
40 meters : 1/4 lambda vertical with 32 radials
30 meters : 1/4 lambda vertical with 3 radials
20 meters : delta loop up 10 meters as vertical polarisation
12 meters : ZX 12/3 monoband Yagi up 10 meters
New: since 25. February 2014 ,I use a HF6V antenna from Butternut.
My second radio : IC 765 and Spiderbeam 5 band HD version at 10 meters high.
Other radio for 6m is an ICOM 7400 and a "ZX6-5" Yagi - "TNX" to HA5PT for donation - the tower and rotator.
HP 52G laptop,Dell inspiron 15 laptop for logging .MicroHAM USB II with N1MM contest LOG and Log4OM for awards.
I use HAMLOG.EU for backup( my log and QSL cards). I still need upload more than 9500 contacts from handwritten logs.
Which key the best today?
The memorable citation from N6LF:
"Many years ago Tom Erdmann, W7DND,(SK) told me that if I had $100, I should spend the first $90 on the antenna, the next $9 for the receiver and the final $1 on the transmitter."
Also like contesting as member of HG6M, HG7HQ and HG8L.
Award manager of : WHD (Worked Hungarian Districts) , HCS(Hungarian Castle Series) awards. Write e-mail to me for more info - ha8mt at freemail dot hu
My ex callsignals : HA8LKE 1984-1995, HA0EQ 1995-1997.
Two way telegraphy contacts with me - count 5 points for "Sarret Award" which is one of the finest colours award on your wall.
Operator of : HA8KQX, HG8KQX,HG8Q,HG0ROB,HG2ROB,HG4ROB,HA7KLC,HG89HQ,HG90HQ,HG73DX,
HG10SDS,HG15SDS,HG8SDS,HG50MHZ,YP5WFF.2013 CQWW MS HA5X (with HA5X,HA7RY and me)
A windy day at part of Ft. Lauderdale - as W4/HA8MT.
" Rent a fluent cw operator" for your next trip,when you rest the QSO number growing up. Every quiet minute is so expensive !
Do you need an old hand " CW operator" for next DX-pedition ? Drop me an e-mail.Especially 160 & 80 meters telegraphy. I have very good ears .
This is my ever best place,there we make dinning (Navassa island ) KP1. Any radioamateur activity was not possible at the time.
During 2008 I use a S.E.S. call : HA808MT QSL via : HA8MT bureau OK.Please send me e-mail,if do not received until 2012 first days.
In CQ WW WPX CW 2008 contest I obtained the 2nd place in world with a single fishing rod vertical and a Small Wonder Labs SW 20 II tcvr !!!
Member of 5K0T crew 2008, technical assistance for antennas and set up.
On this photo we stand on Serrana Bank Island as 5K0T crew.
5K0T " hotel " Bajo Nuevo isl. IOTA: NA-132
My award collection: 5BDXCC-CW #3843,
DXCC-80 meters CW #183,
LOW BAND CENTURY CERTIFICATE 80 meters CW #59
Finally but no last - my dream has been come true in 2009 after very hard work :
I recommended to George AA7JV, thanks for idea of top band.
160 meters separates the men from the boys, see you there!
The newest one in 2010 with simply inverted "L " and a IC 765 with barefoot ,without another receiving antenna on 80 meters:
20 - 29 November 2010 ZA/HA8MT ,QRV on CW 160 - 10 meters.
The picture was taken in Albania during CQ WW DX 2010 as operating of ZA3HA.
ZA3HA team member and QSL manager.
I'm planning activity S.E.S. call in 2013 " In memoriam - Ernst Teodorovich Krenkel 1903-1971 " who had a very nice telegraphy operator from Arctic area.
His amateur call was RAEM.I'am like to use a nice HA110RAEM call sign.
CW 4 ever . Try and enjoy it. So be quick, life too short.
If you have visiting in Hungary - Füzesgyarmat ,are always welcome to stop by for a cup of hot coffee or cold beer.
Operation with call: YP5WFF in YOFF 272 on 21.07.2013.The team :HA8BE,HA8BT,HA8AAA,HA8LLH,HA8QW and me.
My job is an waste recovery referent.
Best 73's & DX's
from Fero
The QRP station : ICOM IC 729s
In the 2014 ARRL DX CW contest on 15 meters band I try working U.S./VE stations with 5 watts. Result: 151 contact and 41 multiplier.
Hmmm not so bad. About always I was the latest station with my pretty weak signals. :-) But I fun.
In 2014 the 30th years of my radio amateur activity, HA30M - special call .
1225444 Last modified: 2014-08-30 16:33:54, 8747 bytes
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Oracle Hit 'Prior Art' Block
Oracle Patents Declared Invalid in Android Dispute?
According to a report by H Online, the US Patent Office and Trademark Office has provisionally declared 24 of Oracle's claims against Google's Android, as being invalid based on 'prior art.' The USPTO based this decision on a patent described as 'Computer system security method and apparatus for creating and using program authorization information data structures,' which was granted in 1994, before Sun filed its Java patent application. The patent office also cited two 1996 publications as evidence that Sun's method for protecting applications, was anticipated by prior art. This decision means that five of the seven patents Oracle claims the Android OS infringed upon, have been either partially or fully invalidated, although Oracle do now have the option of appealing.
The H Online report claims that this may cause the lawsuit against Google to be postponed, allowing all the patents to be fully examined.


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Disney Infinity Sidekicks 3 Characters Pack
- In Stock
2 reviews
- Delivery
The Disney Infinity Sidekicks 3 Character Pack includes Mike Wazowski, Mrs Incredible and Captain Barbossa.
Mike: When he's not helping his best PAL, Sulley, Mike can sneak and scare with the best of them. The upbeat, enthusiastic one-eyed little joker loves playing tricks.
Mrs. Incredible: With her super-stretch skills, Mrs. Incredible (aka Helen Parr) can whip across town, yank objects closer and swing up buildings. Evil-doers better not stretch her patience too far!
Barbossa: Watch out for Barbossa, this sword-slashing, crafty Captain who will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
Place your Disney Infinity Figures onto the Disney Infinity Base to jump into original adventures in the worlds of Pirates of the Caribbean, The Incredibles and the Monsters University.
Just Dance 2014 is the future of party gaming. Experience parties the way only Just Dance knows how! With the hottest hits, exciting new features and always the coolest moves, Just Dance 2014 is your new party expert! The number one* dance game brings the party to every console.
Just Dance 2014 makes the most out of each platform with exclusive new features. It's really the next generation of your favourite party game. More tracks, more fun! Dance to over 40 new tracks!This awesome new Just Dance will make you dance even more, with more than 40 new hot tracks including PSY's "Gentleman". Dance with the entire world!
Just Dance 2014 is even more social, as you will be able to join Just Dancers all over the world and share unique dancing experiences with them through the whole new feature: the World Dance Floor! Own the spotlight with your friends!With the brand new on-stage mode, dance and sing at the same time with your backing dancers, as if you were really performing on stage!
Disney Infinity Cars Playset Pack
- In Stock
4 reviews
- Delivery
The Cars play set allows gamers to take on the role of Lightning McQueen, Mater, Holley Shiftwell amd Francesco Bernoulli and enter the virtual world of Radiator Springs, where they will prepare the town for a big international racing event. In addition to customizing the town, exploring the outskirts of the city and towing all types of vehicles to make way for tourists, players will be able to race through town, on full sized tracks and pull off amazing, gravity defying feats in a no-holds-barred stunt park.
In Toy Box mode, Lightning, Mater, Holley and Francesco are able to interact with all of the previously revealed characters from The Incredibles, Monsters University and Pirates of the Caribbean; and in addition to characters, the Cars play set adds driving/racing play mechanics and track pieces to the Toy Box allowing players to create all-new racing challenges, build and customise tracks and much more.
Includes: Landmark piece, Lightning McQueen and Holley.
Please note: This play set is for use with the Disney Infinity game - available on Xbox, PS3, Wii, Wii U and 3DS
Nintendo Wii U Just Dance 2014
- In Stock
2 reviews
- Delivery
Just Dance 2014 is the latest instalment of the globally popular party game and now features a competitive online feature to up the excitement.
With the hottest hits and exciting new features, you can bust out your best moves and get in shape while having fun.
Dance to over 40 new tracks, including including Psy's Gentleman, Olly Murs' Troublemaker, David Guetta's She Wolf, One Direction's Kiss You and Michael Jackson's Blame It On The Boogie.
Just Dance 2014 is now even more social, as you will be able to join Just Dancers all over the world through the whole new feature: the World Dance Floor. Own the spotlight with your friends! With the new onstage mode, you can dance and sing at the same time with your backing dancers, as if you were really performing in front of a audience.
Please note: Nintendo Wii U titles are not compatible with standard Wii consoles.
Age from 3 years.
Skylanders Adventure Case
- In Stock
11 reviews
- Delivery
- Next day delivery available
Explore Skylands with all your favourite Skylanders the new Adventure Case features a zip-out gameplay mat, bringing all the action to your living room. Internal storage pockets and shoulder strap keep your Portal of Power and up to 32 Skylanders organized everywhere you seek adventure.
- Stay prepared
- Soft carrying case with structured internal pockets stores up to 32 Skylander interaction figures and Portal of Power
- Zip-open case doubles as a staging area to show off the Portal of Power and Skylander figurines
- Detachable shoulder strap for convenient portability Official Skylanders Licensed Merchandise.


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Categories > Anime/Manga > Death Note > The Thoughts of a Dead Man/The Thoughts of a Murderer
Light on L1 Reviews
It's Light's turn to look back.
My instant reaction back then was to run to his side, he was my friend after all. It was only when I saw his body on the floor and his eyes flutter; I remembered why he was even in that position in the first place.
I ordered Rem to kill him. I murdered him.
I panicked and tried to think of ways to rectify the mistake I had made; however, one of the major flaws of the Death Note is that you can't take back someone's name after you write it down.
After the shock dissolved, I regained my composure and smirked at him, it was the least I could do. I couldn't let him die without confirming his theory, he deserved that. He couldn't do anything about it anymore and I really don't think he would if he had the chance to either; he just couldn't die without knowing for sure that I was Kira. So I gave him that, a last request of sorts because that's what you do for a friend.
Things back at Headquarters will not be as exciting as they were when he was around. No one else is capable of challenging me on the same level as him. Not the Task Force, not Mello and certainly not Near. He talks the big talk about how he will prove that I'm Kira, but he's not capable enough. He's an L imposter, nothing more.
L knew what he was doing when it came to Kira and even if I won one battle, he was always sure to win the next. I'm almost positive that he would've caught me too if I didn't have the help of a certain supernatural being on my side. That's why I had to eliminate him early on; if I waited any longer, I would be dead or in a prison cell somewhere.
Near would never be able to even come as close as L, he was too cocky and brash. L would be more humble and spend time to sit back and observe the situation first before making his move. He was sneaky and sly. I remember when he set the FBI on me without the police force knowing before he even confronted me for the first time. L took time out to get to know his opponent before deducing whether or not they were guilty.
However, through all the praise I finally remember why I wanted him dead in the first place. He opposed the God of the New World and the only punishment for that sin is death. If he wasn't so hell-bent on catching Kira, catching me- he would still be here.
Friend or not, when you try to take on God you ultimately lose. It was nothing personal L, strictly business.
If only he possessed the right perspective, then he would've been able to join me: as co-ruler of the New World. I have to face it, Misa isn't exactly the brightest tool in the box and although her ocular powers are an essential asset to me, her mind isn't. But L and I working hand in hand and our minds working together? We would have been unstoppable.
Sadly, that can never be. He opposed me and paid for it dearly. This is war and every was has casualties. I can't afford to treat someone who doesn't agree with Kira's ideals differently from another- no matter how I feel about them.


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Older adults who experience hearing loss may be at increased risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. And the risk of dementia likely increases as hearing loss worsens.
Click here to read the full story.
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The typical user probably never realizes the hidden world of the device driver. It is a mysterious little file with an important agenda. If your computer use is limited to searching the web, drivers will only come to your attention in the form of a major conflict. However, for those who play games or use external devices like webcams and printers, hours can be wasted trying to switch between drivers to the find one that stops massive problems. For peripheral devices, there are many unknown conflicts that can stop your PC dead in its tracks. The scanner, printer, or trackball mouse all depend on device drivers to communicate with your computer. If you are having a tough difficult time with peripherals, out-of-date drivers are in many cases the cause of the problem. Gamers are typically burdened with driver support problems. Games that push your hardware to the edge of your computer's capabilities will often require the most current driver updates. If you have a dedicated graphics card, you will likely need to install each new version. If you experience problems with images during game play, there is a pretty good chance that obsolete drivers are the culprit. There are some driver problems that require unusual solutions. For example, laptop gamers are often required to use modified drivers to run their devices. This is to be done at your own risk as it can void your warranty. However, most laptop manufacturers don't allow you to use the latest drivers from your video card company. The laptop manufacturer will rarely update their driver series. This means that a new patch can come out at any point that no longer functions well with the driver on your system. There are modification tools and third party drivers that can correct for this issue. This is something that an advanced laptop gamer will probably have to learn to do for themselves eventually. Driver cleaning is another issue of concern that will arise during this process. Old drivers tend to leave their footprint behind in your registry. This can be a source of complications down the road. There is software out there that will clean these footprints from your registry. However, it is important to do diligent research before using one of these programs. It's possible for these to cause serious problems if used incorrectly. Driver support can be complicated for boutique operating systems. Some issues exist regarding the installation of drivers for operating systems with 64-bit architecture. It can be difficult to find stable driver software that works well with Linux. When you are facing a performance problem, there's a decent chance that drivers may be the issue. If you frequently update your drivers, you're less likely to see these problems. Even for the most diligent users though, some will be unavoidable. A driver problem can have the same symptoms as actual hardware failure. This can be deeply frustrating. If you have tried lots of drivers with no luck, you migh want to think about getting some technical help to figure out if there is a more serious hardware problem.
The author of this article works at a nationwide Computer Repair company. At Geek Choice we solve computer problems such as: Slow computer, Virus Removal, Spyware Removal, Computer startup problems, and much more.


text: Photos of The Olsens by POPSUGAR Celebrity 5/11/10 0 Reactions 0 Shares Print 0 0 0 0 0 Previous Photo 1 of 21 View on One Page ADVERTISEMENT ( more slides) Next 1 Photos of The Olsens Read More Ashley OlsenMary-Kate Olsen Mary-Kate Olsen Kim Kardashian and Gabrielle Union Targeted in Nude Pictures Leak 1 week ago The Very Best Celebrity Engagement Rings 2 weeks ago 5 Hilarious Celebrity Twinning Moments 3 weeks ago Can't-Miss Celebrity Pics! 8/29 Mary-Kate and Ashley's Wedding Dress Matched the Ceremony Perfectly 8/02 How Many Mary-Kate and Ashley Movies and Shows Have You Seen? 6/09 Ashley Olsen 5 Hilarious Celebrity Twinning Moments 3 weeks ago Mary-Kate and Ashley's Wedding Dress Matched the Ceremony Perfectly 8/02 The Ultimate Mary-Kate and Ashley Time Machine 6/13 How Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen Blossomed Into Beauty Queens 6/13 85 Trendsetting Moments From Birthday Girls Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen 6/13 How Many Mary-Kate and Ashley Movies and Shows Have You Seen? 6/09 Get a Personalized Celebrity & Entertainment Newsletter Help us customize your newsletter by selecting your interests (optional): A Listers TV Movies Young Hollywood Link Love Shay Mitchell and boyfriend Ryan Silverstein have called it quits — Us Weekly Kim Kardashian has a secret new project — HuffPost Celebrity Amal Alamuddin is a big Oscar de la Renta fan — Lainey Gossip Annie Lennox takes a swipe at Beyoncé — Dlisted Miranda Kerr shows her sexy side in Paris — JustJared Why Gwen Stefani is totally winning The Voice — BuzzFeed Aretha Franklin kills her Adele cover on live TV — Pink Is the New Blog Is LeAnn Rimes photoshopping her family photos? — The Superficial Gone Girl's Emily Ratajkowski covers Cosmo — Hollywood Tuna Latest


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Think jumping out of a plane is risky? Try shooting yourself to the ground like a bullet at up to 75 miles per hour... now that takes guts!
That's what 50 canopy pilots spent their weekend doing at the 2011 U.S. Parachute Association National Skydiving Championships in Rosharon at Skydive Spaceland.
They're competing to be one of the top 8 canopy pilots to go to the world meet in Dubai later this year.


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The Nikon 1 AW110 is the world's first rugged mirrorless camera. The camera body is able to dive 15 meters underwater, be dropped from 2 meters, or be exposed to temperatures as low as +14F/-10C. Do note that only certain 1 System lenses will be able to hold up to those conditions. At the time of the AW1's release, the choices include the 11.0-27.5mm and 10mm F2.8 'AW' lenses. The AW1 sports a GPS receiver, along with an e-compass and altimeter/depth meter, so you'll be able to share where you took your photos.
The AW1 features a 14.2 megapixel CX-format CMOS sensor and Nikon's latest Expeed 3A processor. Focusing is achieved via a hybrid contrast and phase detect system which, in combination with the AW1's processing power, allows for 15 fps continuous shooting with autofocus (with focus locked that number jumps to 60 fps).
Other notable features include a 3-inch LCD, manual controls, scene auto selection, 1080p video recording, and optional Wi-Fi.
Nikon 1 AW1 Mirrorless Waterproof Camera Kit
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This item is in your gearlist!
Key Features
- 14.2MP 1"-type CMOS sensor
- 15 frames per second continuous shooting
- Hybrid phase and contrast detect AF system
- 1080 HD video
- 3.0 inch LCD with 921,000 dots
- Raw and Raw + JPEG shooting
- Pop-up flash
- Built-in GPS
- SD/SDHC/SDXC memory
- Creative mode in-camera filter effects + PSAM and underwater mode
- Waterproof to 15m/49'; shockproof from 2m/6.6'; freezeproof to +14F/-10C
- Compatible with WU-1b wi-fi adapter (sold separately)
- Compatible with all Nikon 1 series lenses (but only AW lenses are waterproof/shockproof)
Product Description
The Nikon 1 AW110 is the world's first rugged mirrorless camera. The camera body is able to dive 15 meters underwater, be dropped from 2 meters, or be exposed to temperatures as low as +14F/-10C. Do note that only certain 1 System lenses will be able to hold up to those conditions. At the time of the AW1's release, the choices include the 11.0-27.5mm and 10mm F2.8 'AW' lenses. The AW1 sports a GPS receiver, along with an e-compass and altimeter/depth meter, so you'll be able to share where you took your photos.
Compatible Products
|Body type
|Body type
|Rangefinder-style mirrorless
|Max resolution
|4608 x 3072
|Image ratio w:h
|3:2, 16:9
|Effective pixels
|14 megapixels
|Sensor photo detectors
|15 megapixels
|Sensor size
|1″ (13.2 x 8.8 mm)
|Sensor type
|White balance presets
|Custom white balance
|Yes (1)
|Image stabilization
|Uncompressed format
|JPEG quality levels
|Fine, normal, basic
|Optics & Focus
|Digital zoom
|Manual focus
|Number of focus points
|Lens mount
|Nikon 1
|Focal length multiplier
|Screen / viewfinder
|Articulated LCD
|Screen size
|Screen dots
|Touch screen
|Screen type
|Live view
|Viewfinder type
|Photography features
|Minimum shutter speed
|30 sec
|Maximum shutter speed
|1/16000 sec
|Aperture priority
|Shutter priority
|Manual exposure mode
|Subject / scene modes
|Built-in flash
|Yes (pop-up)
|Flash range
|5.00 m (at ISO 100)
|External flash
|Flash modes
|Fill flash, fill w/slow sync, rear curtain sync, rear w/slow sync, redeye reduction, redeye w/slow sync, off
|Continuous drive
|60.0 fps
|Yes (2, 5, 10 secs)
|Metering modes
|Exposure compensation
|±3 (at 1/3 EV steps)
|WB Bracketing
|Videography features
|1920 x 1080 (60i, 30p), 1280 x 720 (60p, 30p), 640 x 240 (400 fps), 320 x 120 (1200 fps)
|Storage types
|SD/SDHC/SDXC card
|USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
|Yes (mini-HDMI)
|Wireless notes
|via WU-1b wireless adapter
|Remote control
|Yes (Optional ML-L3)
|Environmentally sealed
|Yes (waterproof to 15m, shockproof from 2m)
|Battery Pack
|Battery description
|Lithium-Ion EN-EL20 rechargeable battery & charger
|Battery Life (CIPA)
|Weight (inc. batteries)
|201 g (0.44 lb / 7.09 oz)
|114 x 72 x 37 mm (4.47 x 2.81 x 1.46″)
|Other features
|Orientation sensor
|GPS notes
|includes compass and altimeter/depth meter
User Reviews
a safety warning!
For divers the orange case protector would be a great thing I lost my Nikonos somewhere while diving when I came to the vessel I noticed I did not have it. We waited our surface interval made a second dive and at the end of our tank. I found it directly under the boat I must have let go while going aboard. The orange attracted me to it.
Nikon 1 AW1 - a personal encounter
It has been a while since Nikon has excited me as a photographer. Having been using Nikon bodies from the likes of the F2, FM2N, F90, F4, D70s, D100, D90, D3100 and various other Nikon's over the years including the Nikonos V. Boom! Out came the 1 AW1. When Nikon announced the 1 series several years back, I was skeptical on how good Nikon's smaller sensors were, have had a few Coolpix cameras and the P310, but the AW1 drew me like no Nikon camera has in the last 10 years. Loving to shoot ...
Real Life review of AW1
I was finally able to take a close look at the Nikon 1 AW1, just came back from Roatan from 4 full days snorkeling with the AW1 and kit lens. Background: I have been a photographer for over 35 years, and have used a variety of underwater cameras from film days: Nikonos and Housed 35mm and in the Digital age: Olympus m4/3, Panasonic GF3 w/housing, and waterproofed point and shoot from Canon, panasonic, etc. I own several brands, and emphasis in Nikon, including V1, V2 and the AW1. This camera ...
The most fun vacation camera ever.
I purchased this camera before our labor day vacation and it was the best decision I could have made. We planned a 7-day Caribbean vacation I couldn't decide which camera to take. I own a J3 but I was afraid it may get water damage. I looked at the alternatives but the AW1 seemed the most appealing and I was familiar with it's AF system and FPS which I liked. We went on a cruise, on beaches, snorkeling, on excursions and the AW1 was totally worry free, very fast focusing, fast FPS, excellent ...
First Look at the AW1 by Nikon
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Questions & Answers
AW1 with V2 or V3
I am considering getting an AW1 with either a V2 or a V3. If I am correct, each camera requires a different battery and in the case of an AW1 with a V3, different memory cards. I can live with that and I'm aware that the V3 EVF occupies the hot shoe; None of these issues are deal breakers for me. I intend to use the AW1 on vacations in the water and either the V2 or the V3 as a walk-about camera. I currently have a Fuji EX-1 with 35mm and 18mm lenses and several film cameras. I have a couple of questions if you don't mind. 1. What is the largest size print you have made that looks good on the wall (I'm not a pixel peeper)? 2. Can you use the lenses designed for the AW1 on the V2 or V3? 3. How easy is it to manual focus with any of these cameras. Thanks
I've printed 12x18" from a 400asa file from the V1 for exhibition with no problems. Couldn't tell them apart from my D300 prints beside it. I could easily have gone up another size. Cheers :-) Continue Reading
I can't speak for the V3, and of course it depends on the shooting conditions (ISO, lighting, etc.) but A4 is no problem for the V2 and I'm pretty sure I've read on this forum of people printing larger. I'm not a pixel peeper either. Not sure, but it seems like it wouldn't be a good idea (the o-ring would be exposed). Also, since there are only two lenses for the AW1 it would seem more likely that you would end up using normal CX lenses on the AW1 than the other way around. Most of the time it's pretty bad, especially in low light. The 32mm f/1.2 and the yet to be released 70-300mm both have manual focus rings that override the AF, but all the other lenses require you to use the rear control wheel on the camera and it doesn't feel very good. No focus peaking, but you can magnify the view. Continue Reading
If you got the AW1 with the V3, the memory cards are electrically the same, just different physical form factors. So you could standardize on Micro-SD cards, and use them inside of SD to MicroSD adapters when using them in the AW1. The adapters cost something like $1 each, and are usually included for free with any good MicroSD cards. Continue Reading
LEICA X2 vs FUJIFILM X100T
I am moving to a different country for 6 months and am tired of bringing m yD-SLR around with me. I currently own the Nikon D3100. I am looking to purchase something smallish, compact yet will take beautiful photos. The LEICA X2 seems beautiful but is the extra money worth it compared to the FUJIFILM X100T? Would I be better of saving my money and just getting a Nikon 1 AW1? Is there other camera models that I would be better off looking at? If I am spending $1000 I want something that really is worth every dollar. Thanks!
The Leica and the Fujifilm X100T are both APS-C sensor fixed lens/fixed focal length cameras, i.e. no zoom. Is that what you want? The Nikon AW1 is a 1" sensor waterproof interchangeable lens camera. Very, very different to the Leica and Fujifilm. There are a large number of camera available that might suit your needs, so here are a few suggestions. I would suggest looking at the Sony RX100 MkIII, the Canon G7X, the Panasonic LX100 which are all largish sensor fixed lens cameras with a zoom lens. If you want more zoom and don't mind something larger, look at the Sony RX10 and Panasonic FZ1000. If you want interchangeable lenses you could also look at Nikon 1 Series cameras like the J4 and V3 but probably not the AW1 unless you need a waterproof camera. You could also look at the Samsung NX Mini (1"), Micro 4/3 cameras like the Panasonic GM1/GM5 and Olympus E-PL7 or EM-10 and APS-C mirrorless cameras like the Sony A5100 and A6000. Continue Reading
This is covered by practically any camera, including phones. Any P&S would seem fine. You have not defined what you require from the camera in a technical sense. Continue Reading
No one actually answered your question about these two specific cameras so I'll give you my opinion (everybody has one). First, Leica cameras are built like tanks and Leica has an excellent warranty that usually covers the camera for 3 years. Leica made lenses are also very good. Fuji is also excellent and their lenses are some of the best a person can buy. When it comes to a choice between the two cameras you mentioned, the best choice, for most people, would probably be the Fuji. The Leica X2 is almost two years old, the Fuji X-100T is brand new. A lot has changed in sensor technology and processor ability in the last couple of years. The Leica doesn't have a viewfinder and has a very low resolution LCD that's a problem in bright sunlight. The Fuji has both a viewfinder and a better LCD. Image quality from either camera will be good but the Fuji will be better in low light/high ISO situations. I wouldn't fault anyone for buying either camera but I do think you'll get a lot more ... Continue Reading
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- Nikon 1 AW1 Camera Body
- 1 NIKKOR AW 11-27.5mm f/3.5-5.6 waterproof lens
- (2-lens kits also includes 1 NIKKOR AW 10mm f/2.8 waterproof lens)
- AN-N3000 Strap
- UC-E15 USB Cable
- EN-EL20 Rechargeable Li-ion Battery
- MH-27 Battery Charger
- BF-N2000 Body Cap
- WP-O2000 O-Ring
- PA-N1000 O-Ring Protector
- ViewNX 2
- Short Movie Creator CD
- User's Manual
- Reference Manual CD
Compatible Products
Warranty Information
"No registration or "warranty" card is included or needed with a Nikon D-SLR or Coolpix camera. Keep your original, dated proof of purchase from the Authorized Nikon Inc. dealer in case warranty service is ever needed. These products do include either a mail-in form or a paper with a web link to our registration page:
It's advised to register your product with Nikon so that we can send you information about future updates or service issues that may arise.
Nikkor lenses come with a standard one year warranty and Nikon Inc. lenses sold by authorized Nikon Inc. dealers will have a Nikon Inc. Five Year Extension. To register for the five year extension, one copy of the included form must be mailed in as indicated. Keep the Customer copy of the form as well as the original proof of purchase (sales receipt)."
DPReview GearShop is an authorized Nikon dealer in the United States.