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Welcome to Animated Hogwarts! Here, is the place where your animated muses can come join the wizarding world of Harry Potter! Anime/manga characters are welcome, as well as video game and original characters! Come join the fun!
The submissions box is now open! Please begin sending your owl applications to the group! Once more, welcome to Animated Hogwarts RP group!
Please reblog this for us so we can spread the word! Thank you!
Here in Bedworth there's only one place you buy books and that's at "The drowsy poets". This bookstore has it's own story and along with it, a building filled with people. On the second floor of this bookstore there are apartments. Here you can find all sorts of people. They live here in harmony enjoying their days with each other, finding love, hate and betrayal. Are you ready to enter "The drowsy poets"?
Not yet opened and accepts faceclaims suggestions!
The Secret Court RPG - Full Review. (x)
Secret Court: Visit Here
A medieval-style roleplay, with a twist.
Link to rp -
It's Cat here. I've been very busy these past few days, promoting, fixing up the theme, thinking up FC's, and working on characters. Hali has been writing bios and whatnot. We are very busy bees, and I jsut wanted to bring up a few quick points:
Added to the list. Of course, we won't be releasing any more characters from the second batch until we get more males. So if you want to make an OC, it's a wholly better deal for you.
- Cat
Yes, absolutely!
- Cat
Anne Boleyn | 21 | Mistress | FC: Natalie Dormer | OPEN
"I know I'm good at what I do — so please, don't waste my time."
About Anne:
Anne was the youngest child of Sir Thomas Boleyn and Lady Elizabeth Howard. As a child, she was tutored by a French governess along with her siblings, Mary and George. She was always a clever one, witty and intelligent. She excelled in her lessons, learning French and German, and picking up instruments such as the piano, flute, and violin along to way. She was born and bred to be a perfect Marquess, though it did not really end up that way. Among other unflattering characteristics, she was always very stubborn and haughty. When she was fourteen, her parents sent her to the French Court, where she served the Queen of France for nearly seven years. There, she acquired the elegance and sophistication of the French.
When Anne Boleyn came back from serving Queen Claude of France to be a lady-in-waiting for Katherine of Aragon, she took another interesting hobby with her — sex slave-trading. She had no interest in the King's forward manner with her, either. She preferred not to get involved with King Henry VIII, and left her sister Mary to commit whatever adulterous crimes she pleases. Instead, she preoccupied herself by organizing the slave trade, and assisting Catherine during the day. Unbeknownst to her, Catherine was aware of the affection her husband has been giving to the girl, and held hatred for her. Anne, on the other hand, could care less.
Small but deadly, this vixen is not to be messed with. She can be found with Catherine of Aragon, or roaming the Keep and keeping watch over the slaves. She prefers not to own her own slave, knowing herself well enough to know what she isn't one for long-term commitments. She tends to pick out a slave or two for a night, to keep a pet to herself for a little while, then discard them in the morning. But lately, she has found herself attracted to Sir Anthony Knyvet. Is she really ready for a relationship with a knight? How will the King handle this rejection? Only time will tell.
+ Intelligent, Ambitious, Brave
- Stubborn, Quick-tempered, Haughty
Secrets will be revealed to the players upon acceptance.
Mary and George Boleyn - Anne's siblings. She's quite fond over the two, although she doesn't trust them.Sir Thomas Knyvet - Thomas is a knight and a close friend of the King. Recently, he's been trying to court the allusive Anne.
Tell me what you think!
I made it so that it mirrors the plot more, and I think the navigation bar picture is pretty spiffy.
- Cat


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Trinity College was founded in 1592 and continues its strong tradition of academic excellence to this day.
For only €10 there is a walking tour available that includes admission to the library and the Book of Kells.
Among other things, Trinity College is the oldest institute of higher education in the whole of Ireland While recognized as one of the most important tourist destinations, the campus is teeming with student activity year-round.
Website: www.tcd.ie

subset: commoncrawl


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Northern Michigan Forum-Share Events, Travel Ideas, Photos, Videos
Time: May 23, 2013 from 5pm to 8pm
Location: Mackinaw Trail Winery
Street: 3423 U.S.-131
City/Town: Petoskey
Website or Map: http://www.campdaggett.org
Phone: 231.347.9742
Event Type: and more
Organized By: Camp Daggett and Mackinaw Trail Winery
Latest Activity: May 16, 2013
Export to Outlook or iCal (.ics)
Calling all kayakers to the Kayak for a Cause Launch Party on Thursday, May 23, at the Mackinaw Trail Winery (South of Petoskey on US-131).
Enjoy a wine-tasting from the great wines of Mackinaw Trails, and food provided by Whitecaps Grill, Twisted Olive and Julienne Tomatoes. Entertainment is provided by Drew Baar and friends.
Meet other kayakers, sponsors of the Kayak for a Cause on Walloon Lake, and team members who will be paddling during the event scheduled for July 20-21. Learn more about the one-day new Easy Does It Tour ($150) and the one- or 2-day traditional Full Speed Ahead Tour ($300). All proceeds from the event benefit Camp Daggett's Adventure Center.
Team registration is available during the Launch Party. All kayakers who register on or before May 23 are eligible to win a $300 spa gift certificate from Boyne and two free 1-month passes to City Gym of Petoskey. The winner of the Native Inuit 12.5 kayak raffle will also be announced.
Visit www.campdaggett.org or call 231.347.9742 for more information.
Image: Margaret Bowers, Team Kayaker and Adventure Center Steering Committee Member.
Petoskey, on Little Traverse Bay, is about 60 miles north of Traverse City on US-31.


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Are you located in Australia? Stuff you should know about mobile phone monitoring software and services in Australia:
[easyazon_block add_to_cart="yes" align="left" asin="B00ECMV96G" cloaking="yes" layout="top" localization="yes" locale="US" nofollow="yes" new_window="yes" tag="wwwyourguidet-20"][easyazon_cta add_to_cart="no" align="left" asin="B00ECMV96G" cloaking="yes" height="28" key="small-light" localization="yes" locale="US" nofollow="yes" new_window="yes" tag="wwwyourguidet-20" width="120"]Employers: Seek professional and independent legal advice before subscribing, installing and engaging in the use of software designed to track, monitor, record conversations, collect information and any purposes that displays the movements on a map of a person and their mobile telephone. Fully Disclose: to your employees and/or family members your intent in using the software on their mobile phone telephones and fully demonstrate and disclose the information you are collecting, storage methods and the information you are collecting and what information obtained by the cell phone monitoring software of employees and children can be retrieved from you. In other words you need to be fully transparent and be aware of the privacy rights of the third party you are monitoring and tracking. As an employer, you should also provide the intent of your monitoring and the outcomes of any monitoring including disciplinary action if applicable that could result. We specifically draw your attention to the fact that it is illegal in Australia to record and listen into another persons phone conversations or surroundings using electronic devices and monitoring software without that particular parties knowledge – We advise that you should make yourself aware of the various State and Federal Acts related to telephone monitoring. Commonly referred to as an invasion of privacy you should be aware of ethical and moral considerations and not undertake surveillance of a person without their knowledge. The aim of this site is to allow tracking and monitoring openly with all parties knowledge and create awareness that their phones can be located if lost or stolen or tracked at any time (for business efficiency reasons) with full and open access to the data being collected if that be the case. http://investigateway.com.au/resources/bugging.html
Further reading:
ELECTRONIC WORKPLACE SURVEILLANCE AND ELECTRONIC PRIVACY – QLD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Brisbane. 2009.


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Photo Galleries
Move-In Day at Lourdes University
Move-In Day returned Aug. 21 at Lourdes University's housing, called Lourdes Commons, in Sylvania. CLICK ON ANY IMAGE TO ENLARGE PHOTO, START SLIDESHOW.8/21/2014
IN PICTURES: Twins top Indians 4-1
The Cleveland Indians lost 4-1 to the Minnesota Twins on Thursday, August 21, 2014 at Target Field.8/21/2014
IN PICTURES: Tigers fall 1-0 to Rays
The Detroit Tigers lost 1-0 to the Tampa Bay Rays on Thursday, August 21, 2014 at Tropicana Field.8/21/2014
Chez Joey shooting
At least 17 police cars responded to a shooting at Chez Joey at 715 Monroe St. early Thursday morning, Aug. 21, 2014. One man was carried out on a stretcher. CLICK ANY PHOTO TO ENLARGE AND BEGIN SLIDESHOW.8/21/2014
IN PICTURES: Indians top Twins 5-0
The Cleveland Indians beat the Minnesota Twins 5-0 on Wednesday, August 20, 2014 at Target Field.8/20/2014
IN PICTURES: Tigers shut out Rays 6-0
The Detroit Tigers topped the Tampa Bay Rays 6-0 on Wednesday, August 20, 2014 at Tropicana Field.8/20/2014
Weed It & Reap: Michael Horst
Michael Horst's 2,000-square foot garden in Toledo features a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. CLICK ANY PHOTO TO ENLARGE AND BEGIN SLIDESHOW.8/20/2014
IN PICTURES: BGSU holds scrimmage
The Bowling Green Falcons held a scrimmage Tuesday at BGSU. The Falcons begin the season Saturday, Aug. 30, when they travel to Western Kentucky. CLICK ANY PHOTO TO ENLARGE AND VIEW SLIDESHOW.8/20/2014
Saving the chickens
Donna and Josh Rowe, the Swanton couple who proposed the code change for the village, rescue chickens and keep them in their backyard. They began their operation before they knew it wasn't allowed. CLICK ANY PHOTO TO ENLARGE AND BEGIN SLIDESHOW.8/20/2014
Utilities & Public Service Committee meeting
The Utilities & Public Service Committee met Aug. 19 at the Government Center about the Collins Park Water Treatment Plant in Toledo. CLICK ON ANY IMAGE TO ENLARGE PHOTO, START SLIDESHOW.8/18/2014


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Local educators say public education is under attack.
They say a package of bills moving through the legislature could bring destructive change to school districts
A letter from Waverly Schools calls it "devastating," a letter from Lansing says it "will make public education nearly unrecognizable" and then there's the voicemail from Grand Ledge Public Schools.
Grand Ledge voice message to parents: "Public education is under attack by the Michigan legislature."
The so-called attack is a proposal to expand the reaches of the Education Achievement Authority, or EAA, into schools that perform in the lowest 5%.
It's something the house education chair says makes sense.
Rep. Lisa Posthumus Lyons, Alto: "When the school board fails time and time and time again to do what they have to do to keep these kids educated, that's my constitutional obligation to step in and make sure these kids get a quality education."
But Grand Ledge superintendent Dr. Brain Metcalf says the proposals would do the opposite.
Metcalf: "There's too many unanswered questions, its just too much too quickly, its not well thought out."
And Waverly's letter points out that the EAA's power could be expanded beyond low performing schools, allowing them to open up new schools.
Metcalf: "It doesn't have to be the bottom five percent- he can decide that he's going to take any building."
Something Metcalf argues would pull some students away from public schools and refuse others, all the while eroding funding for public schools.
Metcalf: "They would open up a new charter school, they would not have to take all students. Where will our special ed students be educated? Where will our advanced placement students be educated?"
For now the battle continues.
While some lawmakers say the move is what's best for students, many educators say it's nothing more than an attack.
Some lawmakers say they're confident the bills will pass in this "lame duck" session.
2820 East Saginaw Street, Lansing, MI 48912
Telephone: 517.372.8282
Fax: 517.372.1507
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Something About Women IV
by The White Deer
Canvas Print
Fine art print on bright white, fine poly-cotton blend, matte canvas using latest generation Epson archival inks. Individually trimmed and hand stretched museum wrap over 1-1/2" deep wood stretcher bars. Includes wall hanging hardware.
- 444Promote
Love your beautiful art work so amazing! Wish you Happy Holidays. And a great new year "Merry Christmas! !!****


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Dizz's As Is Restaurant
- Address:
2794 S. Pacific Coast Hwy
Laguna Beach, CA 92651Neighborhood:
Laguna Beach
- Cuisine:
AmericanPrice: $30 and under
Dizz's As Is Restaurant
- Dining Style: Casual Dining
- Website: http://dizzsasis.com/
- Phone: 9494945250
- Hours of Operation:
Tuesday - Sunday: 5:30pm - 10:00pm
Closed Monday
- Payment Options:
- Cuisine: American
- Dress Code: Business Casual
- Accepts Walk-Ins: Yes
A word from Dizz's As Is Restaurant
Our dimly lit, quaint, shingled house filled with '20s and '30s antiques provides the perfect setting for any special occasion. Come join us.Continued
Foodspotting photosSee all photos
Awards voted by OpenTable diners
- Diners' Choice WinnerAmerican
Dizz's As Is Restaurant - Best Restaurants in Laguna Beach ›
Dizz's As Is Restaurant reviews from OpenTable diners
56 reviews since June 3, 2014
- Food4.3Service4.5
- Ambiance4.5Noise LevelModerate
neighborhood gem (41)great for outdoor dining (27)romantic (26)special occasion (25)fit for foodies (23)scenic view (10)notable wine list (9)good for groups (6)kid-friendly (2)hot spot (2)vibrant bar scene (2)late-night find (2)Show More
- Michele HughesOpenTable Diner Since 2014Dined on 9/20/2014The restaurant was very casual dining which my husband and I like. The service, wine list and food was very good. Yummy.Special Features:
- Deb58Dined on 9/13/2014Dizz's is a GREAT place for dinner! Food was really great and so was the service. A great spot in Laguna.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Wonderful family-owned restaurantgandersonDined on 9/13/2014This is where the Laguna Beach locals recommend you go for great food in a local atmosphere.Special Features:
- Dizz's is greatDaveDined on 9/9/2014We love this place... Great food...lots of options, great service...perfectSpecial Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Great Food/Terrible ServiceLisaCVIPDined on 8/31/2014Our waiter (who finally appeared at our table after a long time) seemed uninterested, rushed and uninformed about the menu. We waited a long time for every contact we had with our waiter, which wasn't many. We had to ask for water, did not receive bread with dinner, had to ask for an ice bucket to get our red wine up to room temperature. Our food was really great, but the dining experience was spoiled by the lack of service and attention. Very disappointing. We won't be returning.Special Features:
- KerryDined on 8/31/2014Excellent service and fantastic food. it was our first time there but won't be the last. Best restaurant I've been to in yearsSpecial Features:
- Laguna As IsOpenTable Diner Since 2005Dined on 8/30/2014We have been going to Diz's for years. You can imagine Laguna Beach as it used to be years ago when sitting in Diz's. The food is a fabulous mix of gourmet, confort, most tasty dishes to choose from, some choices on the menu for years. Hard to find parking, but worth the effort!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Old School GoodtensdavidDined on 8/28/2014Great neighbourhood gem, with a nice outdoor patio, a great, comfy bar, and lovely ocean views. The staff is great and friendly, especially the bartender, Amy. The menu is very "old school", filled with classic recipes; duck a l'orange, chicken marsala, coq au vin, cioppino, osso buco, veal picatta, etc. But, the food is good. It's a lovely place to eat dinner. :)Special Features:
- Hasn't lost its Laguna charmOCandPSdinerVIPDined on 8/17/2014It had been years since I last dined here. We went with a group of 5 before the Pageant of the Masters and had a fun time. I was pleased to see they still serve the vermouth and pate as complimentary starters. The interior is funky as always. But, the food is first rate! The prices are very reasonable for what you get too. Some had the small pate specials, which would have been full entrees elsewhere. Everyone loved their custom martinis too. This was a very nice change of pace from what is becoming a too often pretentious dining scene in Laguna lately. I highly recommend it and when you go just relax and enjoy!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Bon appetite!DesertBeauty53Dined on 8/17/2014Second time here. Food is outstanding. House pate and the sweet dry vermouth with lemon twist served comp is a wonderful idea. Madagascar swordfish steak and surf and turf are favorites. Very unique way to present menu! Love decor. A Laguna Beach must!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- DIZZ'S AS IS IS OKTCSievVIPDined on 8/16/2014At 30+ years it is an institution and the vibe is 100% old Laguna Beach, we love it! In general everything is delicious, the Vermouth Apperatif, the pate snack to start, a fun classic menu of steaks, fish and chicken. But having gone twice, the first time with a foodie who's steak was ordered medium rare and came out well, smothered in a thick over bearing sauce and extemely salty. The waiters/waitresses are gems. We went back a year later with old locals, it was a nastoligic night of old haunts. I ordered surf and turf to give it a second shot, my order was for medium rare and it came out well, smothered and salty. Two strikes, two visits, the food for the price is just "ok". I wish they would work on it because we love the place.Special Features:
- OpenTable Diner Since 2005VIPDined on 8/16/2014Great ocean view when sitting outside. Fantastic veal and lamb!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Dizz's Duzz ItDLklwDined on 8/16/2014A long time Laguna icon, Dizz's continues to shine. Lucky enough to have dinner at Montage this month and Dizz's. Both great for different reasons with Dizz's getting the nod this time. Try it and try the giant prawns. A favorite at our table.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- LOVE Dizz's!!MAXnMARKDined on 8/10/2014We have been going to Dizz's for 14 (my husband 20+) years and we just love the ambience of Dizz's - it just feel so comfortable and everyone always makes you feel welcomed. Both our 26 year old and our 10 year old enjoyed celebrating their birthdays recently over a 2 1/2 hour birthday dinner experience - again - Dizz's is just so relaxing :) Everything about Dizz's is just good, fun and easy - ENJOY!!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Dizzy's is awesome.LtrainDined on 8/9/2014Dizzy's is a gem and awesome always. Love this place and the family behind it. Been going since 1994 and even though I moved from Orange County in 1998. We go back whenever we can.Special Features:
- Still the best!SteveBVIPDined on 8/9/2014Dizz's is the best restaurant Laguna Beach has to offer. Skip the latest trendy spots and dine at this institution.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Dizz as is...is great!OpenTable Diner Since 2014Dined on 8/5/2014We were celebrating our anniversary. What a special dinner. Greeted by our waiter Dominic with a pate and a before dinner drink on the house! Wonderful food, service and ambiance!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- hidden treasurecr84uDined on 8/2/2014Haven't been since 1980s. Superb. Absolutely Laguna yet Europe's sumptuous dining locales pop into mind while enjoying superb versions of delicacies, great and rare.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Laguna Beach Gem949RealtorDined on 7/11/2014This is a fun environment with great service and food. A favorite!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- A Special Place - you must tryChuckDined on 7/11/2014This is not the usual dining event, Dizz's is a very special place. Unique environment, fun staff, and a combination of old and new menu items. Dizz's has generated strong local support for years. We have enjoying their service for too long to remember; both special holidays and the general "date night". Our last visit was a continuation of this history with this restaurant, and we were not disappointed. The menu is a wonderful combination of food choices; we shared Veal Marsala, Seabass and Scallops - all beautifully delicious and all larger portions; my wife loves the salad with poppyseed dressing, but I also had and always recommend the soup (what ever it is). Don't expect a typical restaurant - just eat and enjoy the event.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Great placeBobbieDined on 7/9/2014I have eaten at this restaurant many times and it is consistently good. I enjoy everything about this restaurant. The food is great, service great and wonderful ambience. I alas go home happy from there.Special Features:
- Love itDaveDined on 7/1/2014Amazing menu...can't go wrong Food is great and the service is wonderful...one of the great places in laguna beachSpecial Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- lovely experienceneddyDined on 6/28/2014everything was great except parking is difficult. one of the few places left to get duckSpecial Features:
- Great Laguna gemDLklwDined on 6/28/2014Every town has a special local favorite. This is Laguna Beach's. Food and service are great.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- OpenTable Diner Since 2014Dined on 6/28/2014Dizz's is one of our favorite restaurants, our special occasion place for years. Everything on the plate is special in itself. Nothing is there just to add color or take up space. From the initial vermouth and pate to the final course everything is special. We no longer live there but drive down for dinner (50 miles each way) regularly. They serve the best rack of lamb I've ever had and their swordfish (if it's not fresh, it's not on the menu) is wonderful. It's a family business started by the parents and grandmother of the current operators about 35 years ago and is a Laguna landmark.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Food was sent back.OpenTable Diner Since 2014Dined on 6/27/2014I have eaten at Dizz's a few times over the past 25 years and had exceptional meals. This time the fish, vegetables and rice were not eatable. I would be afraid to try it again.
- Enjoyed the experience2foodcritiquesVIPDined on 6/18/2014We're here about 20 years ago and remembered it so tried it again for another wonderful experience. Both food and service were excellent.I would recommend this to a friend.
- Great food and Excellent ServiceOpenTable Diner Since 2011Dined on 6/15/2014I've been eating at Dizz's for many years now and the food and service has always been outstanding. It's an unusual setting that makes it unique. The quality of the food preparation has always been consistent so you don't have to worry about having a bad meal and the flavoring is great without being over the top or too trendy. Service is always good too with friendly, knowledgeable wait staff.Special Features:
- Dizz's still is.CotoMike96Dined on 6/14/2014We haven't dined here in awhile and are sorry we haven't. Just as it used to deliver friendly service that makes you feel at home, well prepared classic dishes, and an ambience that is fun and warm. The Swordfish Madagascar was fresh and deliciously prepared with a cognac dijon mustard cream sauce. The scampi style linguine and schrimp were light and tasty. Sit outside on the patio and enjoy the ocean view and breeze. We'll be back sooner next time!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Dizz's As Is Super!DrMusicDined on 6/14/2014From the time my husband and I entered the restaurant to the time we left, we felt cared for and looked after. It was my husband's birthday and our first visit to Dizz's. They greet you with a mini vermouth and pate', have an extensive wine list and wine and food specials. We ordered the featured wine, a Zinfandel, which was exceptional. My husband received a birthday greeting, blessing, and a generous chocolate mousse'. Our server was very friendly and attentive. They also read the comments I placed on my OpenTable reservation, which some restaurants seem to ignore or skip over. Thank you, thank Dizz's As Is. Stay As Is. We'll be back.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- super!pandemacDined on 6/13/2014We enjoyed our first night so much, we made it our last night to celebrate. Granted a Friday nite much busier than Wednesday, but still great food and service. Highly recommend Dizz's!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- ExcellentStoffelDined on 5/24/2014Went for a 60 th birthday for a friend. Service was great. Food excellent. Great ambience.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- The following 53 reviews are from the Dizz's As Is Restaurant reviews archive.
- Nothing else like Dizz's!mbp0925Dined on 5/24/2014It is always great at Dizz's....nothing else like it in the area. Love it!!!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- SailorTomDined on 5/11/2014Both my son and his best friend are back East and missed Mother's Day with their moms, so it was up to me and my buddy to cater to our wives to celebrate their day. Had not been to Dizz's in years, but decided to make it a half-way meeting point with South County friends for dinner (their first visit), despite my hesitancy about going to any restaurant on such an occasion. Even the best often fall flat, but Dizz's did not disappoint. It was superb, and just as great as we remembered. Food was excellent, and the service top notch. Not at all sure why we stayed away so long. We'll be back again soon. The moms had a special day, and we all enjoyed a fantastic dinner. Thanks to the staff at Dizz's for a perfect evening.Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- REALLY good food- great service!JohannaVIPDined on 5/9/2014The food is amazing. They start you with a mouth quenching vermouth along with toast and pate- I didn't know I liked pate so much. I had the swordfish- wow- delicious- with rice (REALLY good) and a veggie stuffed zucchini (so much food that I left that on the plate.) The wines by the glass are solid and reasonably priced. My husband had the lamb and even though he was full, he had to finish it because it was so good. We had the chocolate chip bundt cake and it was even better than I hoped for. About the decor- it's kitschy and old- with flowered table clothes and faded paintings- our food was served on year 2000 celebratory plates. I'm sure that's part of the charm, but I would really like to see it cleaned up a bit with clean menus.
- Perfection every timeBeckyandKevinDined on 5/3/2014Exceptional food, ambiance and service this time and every time!Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.
- Great local restaurantOpenTable Diner Since 2008Dined on 5/2/2014Definitely a "locals" restaurant, which is exactly what we were looking for. Some nice and unexpected touches with complimentary pate and a small glass of vermouth to start with. Food was quite good with a varied menu. Outside area is nice with a fire pit for chillier nights.Special Features:
- Laguna CharmerGaryDined on 5/2/2014Ambience and charm are worth experiencing. Food was fair. Cornish game hen was dry; swordfish was lathered in a bland, heavy cognac sauce, wine list is average and overpriced.I would recommend this to a friend.
- MemoriesCoolheatVIPDined on 4/26/2014We had dined many times at Dizz's when we lived in LB 30+ years ago...it was probably our favorite place. Unfortunately we were not as impressed this time around. Service was quite slow (albeit the place was packed) and the sea bass was overcooked. Very loud the evening we dined; there was a large party sitting behind us and they were boisterous, to say the least. It is a small place, so one has to expect not to have an intimate dining experience. Still a lovely restaurant and would recommend it.Special Features:
- Never a bad time..Cody024Dined on 4/19/2014I've been going to Dizz's for over 25 years now and have never had anything but excellent service, food, wine, cocktails, etc. The chilled glass of dry vermouth is always a nice touch and the pate is always excellent. I enjoy taking someone that has never been there before so they can experience Dizz's for themself..Special Features:I would recommend this to a friend.


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Ainsworth v. Loudoun County Public Schools et al - Document 27
Court Description:
MEMORANDUM OPINION Re: 11 MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim by Loudoun County School Board and 13 MOTION to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim by Jill Broaddus, Delores Creech, Mary M. Kearney, Brian Peppiat, Paul H. Webb. Signed by District Judge James C. Cacheris on 3/16/2012. (stas)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA Alexandria Division KRISTIN AINSWORTH, Plaintiff, v. LOUDON COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, et al., Defendants. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 1:11cv1228 (JCC/JFA) M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N This matter is before the Court on Motions to Dismiss [Dkts. 11, 13] filed by Defendant Loudon County School Board ("LCSB") and Defendants Paul Webb, Jill Broaddus, Mary Kearney, Delores Creech, and Brian Peppiat (the "Individual Defendants") (collectively "Defendants").1 For the following reasons, the Court will grant in part and deny in part LCSB's Motion and grant in part and deny in part the Individual Defendants' Motion. I. Background This case arises out of an employment dispute that implicates the Family and Medical Leave Act ("FMLA"), 29 U.S.C. 1 In the Amended Complaint, the headings for the four counts and the prayer for relief also identify "Mary Anne Hardebeck" as a defendant. This person, however, is not identified in the caption or the "parties" section of the Amended Complaint (nor is she referenced anywhere else). Plaintiff acknowledges that the references to Mary Anne Hardebeck are typographical errors, and that she is not a defendant in this case. 1 § 2601, et seq., and the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA"), 42 U.S.C. § 12101, et seq. A. Factual Background 1. Ainsworth's Employment with LCSB Plaintiff Kristin Ainsworth was employed by LCSB from 2001 until June 21, 2010, during which time she worked as a Teacher's Assistant and Behavioral Assistant at various schools. (Am. Compl. [Dkt. 3] ¶¶ 4, 27.) While working as a Teacher's Assistant at Seneca Ridge Middle School from 2002 to 2004, Ainsworth began to experience severe headaches, which occasionally required her to take leave from work. ¶ 29.) (Am. Compl. In 2004, Ainsworth transferred to Algonkian Elementary School, where she worked as a Teacher's Assistant until 2007. (Am. Compl. ¶ 30.) Ainsworth continued to experience severe headaches during this time, and occasionally took leave without pay as a result. (Id.) In 2008, Ainsworth accepted a Behavioral Assistant position at Rosa Lee Carter Elementary School, a promotion with a pay increase from $17 per hour to $25 per hour. (Am. Compl. ¶ 31.) Ainsworth received positive performance evaluations up to this time. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 28-30.) The severe headaches persisted, and began to increase in intensity and frequency. (Am. Compl. ¶ 31.) 2 2. Ainsworth's Medical Condition and FMLA Leave Ainsworth was approved for FMLA leave from March to June 2008 due to the increasing severity of the headaches. Compl. ¶ 32.) brain tumor. (Am. On May 13, 2008, Ainsworth was diagnosed with a (Am. Compl. ¶ 35.) Ainsworth received a performance evaluation in June 2008 which noted that she had taken medical leave, but nonetheless concluded that her performance was positive. (Am. Compl. ¶ 36.) She was reassigned to Rosa Lee Carter Elementary School as a Behavioral Assistant for the 2008-09 school year. (Id.) In July 2008, Ainsworth underwent surgery to remove her brain tumor. (Am. Compl. ¶ 37.) She subsequently experienced post-operative complications and underwent emergency surgery in August 2008. (Id.) Ainsworth was approved for FMLA leave from August 27, 2008 to December 1, 2008. 38.) (Am. Compl. ¶ Ainsworth was granted permission to remain on a leave of absence from December 2, 2008 to January 27, 2009. (Am. Compl. ¶ 39.) 3. Ainsworth Works Part-Time for Remainder of 2008-09 School Year Ainsworth was medically cleared to return to work part-time on January 5, 2009. (Am. Compl. ¶ 40.) Ainsworth discussed the status of her classroom position with Mary Kearney, Director of Special Education, and Delores Creech, an LCSB Personnel Specialist. (Am. Compl. ¶ 41.) 3 Kearney and Creech assured Ainsworth that her position had not been filled, and that a long-term substitute teacher would hold the position until Ainsworth was medically cleared to work full-time. (Id.) In the meantime, Ainsworth was placed as an assistant to Kearney and performed secretarial work. (Am. Compl. ¶ 42.) On March 25, 2009, Ainsworth was medically released to work in the classroom with only a restriction on the duration of her work. (Am. Compl. ¶ 43.) Ainsworth's doctor recommended that she initially work one day per week and gradually increase her workload. (Id.) The goal was for Ainsworth to reach full- time status after four months. (Id.) Ainsworth asked Kearney and Creech if she could return to the classroom position at Rosa Lee Carter Elementary School. (Am. Compl. ¶ 44.) Both told her that she could not return to the classroom position during the middle of the school year because the children were already in a comfortable routine with the long-term substitute. (Id.) Ainsworth continued to work as an assistant to Kearney and performed secretarial work for the remainder of the academic year. (Am. Compl. ¶ 44.) During the spring and summer of 2009, Ainsworth asked Kearney and Creech on several occasions whether she would be returning to a classroom position for the 2009-10 school year. (Am. Compl. ¶ 45.) Each time Ainsworth asked, Kearney and 4 Creech assured her that she would return to the classroom position. (Id.) In June 2009, Ainsworth spoke with Creech and again asked about returning to the classroom position. 46.) (Am. Compl. ¶ This time, Creech told Ainsworth that her classroom position had been filled, and that she would need to find another position for the next academic year. (Id.) Ainsworth was also informed that her salary would decrease from $25 per hour to $17 per hour. (Am. Compl. ¶ 47.) When Ainsworth protested the salary decrease and told Creech that they "can't do this to [her]," Creech replied, "Well honey, we can, and we did." (Id.) Once Ainsworth was advised that her position had been filled, she began searching for an alternative position for the next school year. (Am. Compl. ¶ 48.) Ainsworth was in regular contact with Creech and Kearny in trying to locate another position. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 48-49.) 4. Ainsworth's Assignment for the 2009-10 School Year Over the summer, Creech informed Ainsworth that she was being placed at Cool Spring Elementary School as a Teacher's Assistant. (Am. Compl. ¶ 50.) Ainsworth told Creech and Kearney that she preferred to work with autistic children in a self-contained class, and not with emotionally disturbed children. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 49-51.) 5 Kearney informed Ainsworth that she is the person responsible for determining assignments. (Am. Compl. ¶ 51.) Ainsworth was medically released to return to work full-time beginning August 21, 2009. (Am. Compl. ¶ 52.) In the summer of 2009, Ainsworth received a letter and contract stating that she would be working as a Teacher's Assistant (Special Education) in an integrated class. (Am. Compl. ¶ 53.) Based on her conversations with Creech, Ainsworth had believed she would be working with autistic children in a self-contained class. (Id.) In the summer of 2009, Jill Broaddus, Principal at Cool Spring Elementary School, contacted Ainsworth by telephone and asked Ainsworth what type of children she wanted to work with. (Am. Compl. ¶ 54.) Ainsworth reiterated her desire to work with autistic children in a self-contained class, and not with emotionally disturbed children. (Id.) During this conversation, Broaddus stated to Ainsworth, "Well, we get a lot of people like you." (Am. Compl. ¶ 55.) When Ainsworth asked her to explain, Broaddus replied, "Oh, you know, people with issues." (Id.) Ainsworth interpreted Broaddus's statement as referring to "problem" employees, or people who miss a lot of work. (Id.) Ainsworth was surprised by this comment, given the positive performance evaluations she had received during her employment at LCSB. (Id.) Broaddus ended the conversation by 6 telling Ainsworth that she would take her preferences into consideration. (Am. Compl. ¶ 56.) On the first day of the school year, Ainsworth learned that she would be working with emotionally disturbed children, despite her request to the contrary. (Am. Compl. ¶ 57.) Other teachers and teacher's assistants received the assignments they requested. (Id.) At Cool Spring Elementary School, Ainsworth was given increased responsibilities -- for example, preparing lesson plans for the class. (Am. Compl. ¶ 58.) However, Ainsworth received negative treatment from other teachers who were aware of her medical condition. (Am. Compl. ¶ 59.) Broaddus and Brian Peppiat, the Assistant Principal, had knowledge of Ainsworth's brain tumor and subsequent surgeries and treatments, but had conferences with her regarding absences. 60-61.) (Am. Compl. ¶¶ Ainsworth reiterated that she had been diagnosed and treated for a brain tumor and that her treatments were continuing. (Am. Compl. ¶ 61.) 5. Negative Performance Evaluations, Continuing Medical Treatment, and Additional FMLA Leave Thereafter, Ainsworth had meetings with Broaddus and Peppiat in which she was given negative feedback. 62.) (Am. Compl. ¶ Specifically, Ainsworth was told that she was not doing her job, that she was inconsistent with the children, that the children did not like her, and that she was failing to follow 7 instructions. (Id.) Ainsworth contends that she was doing her job well, and that Broaddus and Peppiat's statements to the contrary were false. (Id.) On February 18, 2010, Broaddus presented Ainsworth with a memorandum concerning her absences from work. Compl. ¶ 63.) (Am. The memorandum indicated that in addition to being out of work for thirty days during the 2009-10 school year, Ainsworth would "call in sick late mornings when teachers are aware the day before due to Facebook postings that you are not coming to work the next day." (Id.) The memorandum also indicated that Ainsworth was being placed on formal evaluation for the remainder of the school year and that if there was not an improvement in Ainsworth's attendance, she was in danger of receiving an unsatisfactory rating. (Id.) After Ainsworth prepared a rebuttal and questioned Broaddus about the claim regarding Facebook postings, Broaddus prepared a revised memorandum dated February 22, 2010, which removed the Facebook reference. (Am. Compl. ¶ 64.) According to Broaddus's memorandum, Ainsworth had missed thirty days of work for medical reasons as of February 18, 2010. (Am. Compl. ¶ 67.) Ainsworth continued to receive medical treatment related to the removal of her brain tumor, and was excused from work on February 19, 2010, March 5 to 8, 2010, March 18 to 19, 2010, March 25 to 26, 2010, and April 7, 2010. 8 (Id.) On April 9, 2010, Ainsworth received an "overall unsatisfactory" performance evaluation from Broaddus which indicated that Ainsworth was "not meeting [her] job requirements due to [her] frequent absences." (Am. Compl. ¶ 68.) The performance evaluation also noted, however, that Ainsworth was "very organized and completes clerical tasks efficiently." (Id.) Ainsworth was approved for FMLA leave from April 12 to 30, 2010, so that she could receive nerve block injections to treat her frequent headaches. (Am. Compl. ¶ 70.) While Ainsworth was on leave, Broaddus told her that FMLA would no longer help her and that she should get "professional help" and apply for long-term benefits. (Am. Compl. ¶ 71.) Ainsworth was approved for additional FMLA leave from May 1 to 28, 2010 and June 1 to 17, 2010, which related to cervical nerve block treatment. (Am. Compl. ¶ 72.) Ainsworth took a leave of absence for the final four days of the school year, June 18 to 21, 2010. (Am. Compl. ¶ 73.) In total, Ainsworth took approximately eighty-nine days of leave during the 2009-10 school year due to health issues related to the brain tumor, subsequent surgeries, radiation treatments, and nerve block injections. (Am. Compl. ¶ 66.) 6. LCSB Declines to Offer Ainsworth an Employment Contract for the 2010-11 School Year 9 Following the April 9, 2010, performance evaluation, Creech assured Ainsworth multiple times that she would obtain another employment contract for the following school year. Compl. ¶ 74.) (Am. Nonetheless, Ainsworth received a letter from LCSB dated May 28, 2010, stating that her employment was terminated effective June 21, 2010. (Am. Compl. ¶ 76.) Ainsworth spoke with Creech, who confirmed that she was not receiving an employment contract based on her last performance evaluation. B. (Am. Compl. ¶ 78.) Procedural History Ainsworth initially filed suit on November 9, 2011. [Dkt. 1.] She subsequently filed an Amended Complaint on December 20, 2011. [Dkt. 3.] The Amended Complaint contains four counts: (1) FMLA interference (Count I); (2) FMLA retaliation (Count II); (3) ADA wrongful discharge and failure to accommodate (Count III); and (4) intentional infliction of emotional distress ("IIED") against the Individual Defendants (Count IV). LCSB and the Individual Defendants filed Motions to Dismiss on January 20, 2012. [Dkts. 11, 13.] Ainsworth filed two opposition briefs on January 31, 2012 [Dkts. 20, 21], to which LCSB and the Individual Defendants replied on February 3, 2012 [Dkts. 23, 24]. Defendants' Motions are before the Court. 10 II. Standard of Review Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) allows a court to dismiss those allegations which fail "to state a claim upon which relief can be granted." Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). A Rule 12(b)(6) motion tests the legal sufficiency of the complaint. 2008). Giarratano v. Johnson, 521 F.3d 298, 302 (4th Cir. A court reviewing a complaint on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion must accept well-pleaded allegations as true and must construe factual allegations in favor of the plaintiff. See Randall v. United States, 30 F.3d 518, 522 (4th Cir. 1994). A court must also be mindful of the liberal pleading standards under Rule 8, which require only "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." Fed. R. Civ. P. 8. While Rule 8 does not require "detailed factual allegations," a plaintiff must still provide "more than labels and conclusions" because "a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-56 (2007) (citation omitted). To survive a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, "a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.'" Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). "A claim has facial plausibility 11 when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Id. However, "[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice" to meet this standard, id., and a plaintiff's "[f]actual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level . . . ." Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555. Moreover, a court "is not bound to accept as true a legal conclusion couched as a factual allegation." Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. at 1949-50. III. Analysis A. Counts I and II: FMLA Claims In Count I of the Amended Complaint, Ainsworth alleges that LCSB interfered with her substantive rights under the FMLA by failing to reinstate her to the same, or an equivalent, position following the conclusion of her FMLA leave in December 2008. In Count II, Ainsworth alleges that LCSB terminated her employment in retaliation for exercising her FMLA rights.2 2 LCSB In analyzing these two types of claims, courts, including the Fourth Circuit, have described the FMLA as including both prescriptive and proscriptive rights. See Yashenko v. Harrah's N.C. Casino Co., LLC, 446 F.3d 541, 546 (4th Cir. 2006). The substantive rights provided by the FMLA are prescriptive, "set[ting] substantive floors for conduct by employers, and creating entitlements for employees." Id. (alteration in original) (quoting Hodgens v. Gen. Dynamics Corp., 144 F.3d 151, 159 (1st Cir. 1998)). Interference claims (also known as "entitlement" or "restoration" claims) involve alleged violations of these prescriptive rights, id., and arise under 29 U.S.C. § 2615(a)(1), which provides that "[i]t shall be unlawful for any employer to interfere with, restrain, or deny the exercise of or the attempt to exercise, any right provided under this subchapter." In addition to prescriptive rights, the FMLA provides proscriptive rights, protecting employees from discrimination or retaliation for exercising their substantive 12 argues that both causes of action should be dismissed for failure to state a claim. (LCSB Mem. [Dkt. 12] at 4-8.) The Individual Defendants join in this argument, but also contend that they should be dismissed from both counts because they may not be held liable for alleged FMLA violations as public employees in their individual capacities and, alternatively, because Ainsworth fails to allege that they possessed sufficient control over the terms of her employment. Mem. [Dkt. 14] at 6-10). (Individual Defs.' The Court first addresses the threshold issue of individual liability before proceeding to Defendants' other arguments. 1. Liability of Individual Defendants a. Whether the FMLA Permits Public Employees to be Held Individually Liable The Individual Defendants first argue that the FMLA does not permit liability against public employees in their individual capacities. There is a split of authority as to whether public employees qualify as "employer[s]" and hence may be held individually liable under the FMLA. The Fifth and Eighth Circuits have concluded, based on the statutory text, that public employees may be sued in their individual capacities under the FMLA if they act directly or indirectly in the rights under the FMLA. Yashenko, 446 F.3d at 546 (citations omitted). Retaliation claims (also known as "discrimination" claims) involve alleged violations of proscriptive rights, id., and arise under 29 U.S.C. § 2615(a)(2), which provides that "[i]t shall be unlawful for any employer to discharge or in any other manner discriminate against any individual for opposing any practice made unlawful by this subchapter." 13 interest of their employer -- for example, by exercising hiring and firing authority. See Modica v. Taylor, 465 F.3d 174, 184- 87 (5th Cir. 2006); Darby v. Bratch, 287 F.3d 673, 681 (8th Cir. 2002). The Sixth and the Eleventh Circuits have reached the opposite conclusion. See Mitchell v. Chapman, 343 F.3d 811, 825–33 (6th Cir. 2003); Wascura v. Carver, 169 F.3d 683, 685–87 (11th Cir. 1999). The Fourth Circuit has yet to rule on this issue, see Jones v. Sternheimer, 387 F. App'x 366, 369 (4th Cir. 2010) (recognizing that the issue is an open question, and expressing no opinion on the viability of [plaintiff's] claim), while district courts within the Fourth Circuit are split. See Weth v. O'Leary, 796 F. Supp. 2d 766, 776-77 (E.D. Va. 2011), Sheaffer v. Cnty. of Chatham, 337 F. Supp. 2d 709, 727-29 (M.D.N.C. 2004), Cantley v. Simmons, 179 F. Supp. 2d 654, 657-58 (S.D. W.Va. 2002) and Knussman v. State of Maryland, 935 F. Supp. 659, 664 (D. Md. 1996) (public employees can be individually liable under the FMLA) with Sadowski v. U.S. Postal Serv., 643 F. Supp. 2d 749, 757 (D. Md. 2009), Miller v. Cnty. of Rockingham, No. 5:06cv00053, 2007 WL 990135, at *4 (W.D. Va. Mar. 30, 2007) and Keene v. Rinaldi, 127 F. Supp. 2d 770, 777-78 (M.D.N.C. 2000) (public employees cannot be held individually liable under the FMLA). The majority view appears to be that public employees may be individually liable under the FMLA. Weth, 796 F. Supp. 2d at 776 (citations omitted). 14 See The Court is persuaded by the majority view, and holds that public employees may be sued in their individual capacities for alleged violations of the FMLA. In analyzing this issue, the Court is mindful that "the beginning point must be the language of the statute." Ramey v. Dir., Office of Workers' Comp. Program, 326 F.3d 474, 476 (4th Cir. 2003) (citation omitted). The Court must presume that when Congress writes a statute, it means what it says and says what it means. Conn. Nat'l Bank v. Germain, 503 U.S. 249, 253-54 (1992). The text of the FMLA provides that the term "employer": (i) means any person engaged in commerce or in any industry or activity affecting commerce who employs 50 or more employees for each working day during each of 20 or more calendar workweeks in the current or preceding calendar year; (ii) includes-(I) any person who acts, directly or indirectly, in the interest of an employer to any of the employees of such employer; and (II) any successor in interest of an employer; (iii) includes any "public agency," as defined in section 203(x) of this title; and (iv) includes the Government Accountability Office and the Library of Congress. 29 U.S.C. § 2611(4)(A). The FMLA plainly includes in the definition of employer "any person who acts, directly or indirectly, in the 15 interest of an employer to any of the employees of such employer." 29 U.S.C. § 2611(4)(A)(ii)(I).3 includes public agencies as employers. The statute also Id. § 2611(4)(A)(iii). It therefore follows from a plain reading of the statute that if a public employee "acts, directly or indirectly, in the interest of an employer," she too falls within the FMLA's definition of employer, and thus, may be held liable in her individual capacity. Modica, 465 F.3d at 184; Weth, 796 F. Supp. 2d at 777. The Court is unconvinced by the reasoning of those courts that have held otherwise. Some of these courts have pointed out that the individual liability provision and the public agency provision are located in two distinct clauses, 29 U.S.C. §§ 2611(4)(A)(ii)(I) and (iii), respectively, which they believe compels the interpretation that the two clauses are mutually exclusive. See Mitchell, 343 F.3d at 830; Sadowski, 643 F. Supp. 2d at 755. The use of the conjunctive word "and" after clause (iii), however, demonstrates precisely the opposite -- namely, that the term "employer" can include both a public agency and individuals who act, directly or indirectly, in the 3 Courts finding individual liability under the FMLA have frequently looked to the Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA") because the definitions of "employer" in the two acts are similar and because the FMLA's implementing regulations reference this similarity. See Weth, 796 F. Supp. 2d at 776 (citing 29 C.F.R. § 825.104(d)). Most courts, including the Fourth Circuit, have taken the position that individuals can be liable for FLSA violations provided that they have sufficient control over the conditions and terms of a plaintiff's employment. See Brock v. Hamad, 867 F.2d 804, 808 n.6 (4th Cir. 1989) (explaining that an individual defendant with the power to hire and direct employees was an "employer" under the FLSA). 16 interest of a public agency. Weth, 796 F. Supp. 2d at 777; see also Modica, 465 F.3d at 185 ("Congress's use of the word "and" following clause (iii) suggests that there is some relationship between clauses (i)-(iv).") Courts subscribing to the minority view have also concluded that an interpretation that permits individual liability for public employees renders other provisions of the statute superfluous and creates several "oddities." See, e.g., Mitchell, 343 F.3d at 831; Sadowski, 643 F. Supp. 2d at 755-56. Each supposed oddity or superfluity has, however, been persuasively refuted by other courts. First, 29 U.S.C. § 2611(4)(B), which provides that "a public agency shall be considered to be a person engaged in commerce or in an industry or activity affecting commerce," is not rendered superfluous by the majority view. It is true that the commingling of "employer" in 29 U.S.C. § 2611(4)(A)(i) ("employer" means "any person engaged in commerce or in any industry or activity affecting commerce") with "public agency" in § 2611(4)(A)(iii), of course, yields the following: a public agency is "any person engaged in commerce or in any industry or activity affecting commerce." 756. See Sadowski, 643 F. Supp. 2d at Even so, 29 U.S.C. § 2611(4)(B) is not superfluous -- rather, it acts to relieve plaintiffs from having to prove that the public agency is engaged in commerce. 17 See Modica, 465 F.3d at 186; Hewett v. Willinboro Bd. of Educ., 421 F. Supp. 2d 814, 820 (D.N.J. 2006). Second, the majority view does not create an "absurdity" by commingling other clauses –- namely, the successor-in-interest provision, 29 U.S.C. § 2611(4)(A)(ii)(II) and the Government Accountability Office ("GAO") and Library of Congress provision, § 2611(4)(A)(iv). See Mitchell, 343 F.3d at 831 (arguing that the majority interpretation "implies that the FMLA extends specific protection to employees of the GAO and the Library of Congress from future successors in interest. . . . [I]t is an exercise in absurdity to consider that the FMLA sought to protect employees of two long-standing federal entities from threats posed by any future successors in interest"). Importantly, Section 2611(4)(A)(iv) was only included in the statute by a 1995 amendment. See Congressional Accountability Act of 1995, Pub.L. 104–1, § 202, 1995 U.S.C.C.A.N. (109 Stat. 9). That the amendment had an unanticipated effect on the statute as enacted should not change the "straightforward language of the clauses" with which the Court is presently concerned. Hewett, 421 F. Supp. 2d at 820- 21. In short, a plain reading of the statute indicates that public employees who act directly or indirectly in the interests of their employer may themselves be considered 18 "employers" subject to suit in their individual capacities under the FMLA. See Weth, 796 F. Supp. 2d at 777. Accordingly, the Court concludes that the Individual Defendants may be liable in their individual capacities under the FMLA. b. Whether the Amended Complaint Alleges that the Individual Defendants Possessed Sufficient Control over the Terms of Ainsworth's Employment The Individual Defendants next argue that even if the FMLA permits individual liability for public employees, the Amended Complaint fails to demonstrate that they possessed sufficient authority for them to be sued in their individual capacities.4 The Court disagrees. The Amended Complaint alleges that Webb was the Director of Employee Relations at LCSB, who signed Ainsworth's non-renewal letter, (Am. Compl. ¶ 77), and that Creech was the Personnel Specialist at LCSB, (Am. Compl. ¶ 14), who told Ainsworth she would not be receiving an employment contract for the 2010-11 school year, (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 77-78.) The Amended Complaint further alleges that Kearney, Director of Special Education at LCSB, was responsible for Ainsworth's assignment at Cool Spring Elementary School for the 2009-10 4 At oral argument, defense counsel also argued that pursuant to special rules applicable to public schools, LCSB was Ainsworth's "employer" with exclusive hiring and firing authority, and that, as a matter of law, the Individual Defendants lacked such authority. Other courts have rejected the argument that such "special rules" preclude individual liability under the FMLA in cases against public school boards and their employees. See, e.g., Fields v. Trollinger, No. 1:10cv296, 2011 WL 3422689, at *7-8 (W.D.N.C. Mar. 28, 2011), report and recommendation adopted, 2011 WL 3421489 (W.D.N.C. Aug. 4, 2011); Cooley v. Bd. of Educ. of the City of Chicago, 703 F. Supp. 2d 772, 775 (N.D. Ill. 2009). 19 school year (see Am. Compl. ¶¶ 12, 51), and that Broaddus, Principal at Cool Spring and Ainsworth's direct supervisor, and Peppiat, Assistant Principal at Cool Spring, presented Ainsworth with negative performance evaluations prior to the non-renewal of her employment contract, (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 10, 16, 61-63, 68.) These allegations, accepted as true and viewed in a light most favorable to Plaintiff, raise the reasonable inference that the Individual Defendants acted in the interest of their employer, LCSB, and had sufficient control over the terms and conditions of Ainsworth's employment that they may be individually liable under the FMLA. It would be premature to conclude otherwise at this stage of the litigation. 2. FMLA Interference Claim The basis of Ainsworth's interference claim is LCSB's failure to reinstate her to her classroom position following the expiration of her FMLA leave in December 2008. 89-90.) (Am. Compl. ¶¶ Instead, LCSB allegedly assigned Ainsworth part-time secretarial work for the remainder of the 2008-09 school year. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 42-44.) The FMLA prohibits employers from interfering with the ability of employees to exercise their substantive (or "prescriptive") rights under the FMLA. U.S.C. § 2615(a)(1). See 29 To state a claim of interference with FMLA rights, the plaintiff must establish that "(1) she was an eligible employee, (2) the defendant was an employer as defined 20 under the FMLA, (3) she was entitled to leave under the FMLA, (4) she gave the employer notice of her intention to take leave, and (5) the employer denied the employee FMLA benefits to which she was entitled." Bullock v. Kraft Foods, Inc., No. 3:11cv36, 2011 WL 5872898, at *4 (E.D. Va. Nov. 22, 2011) (citing Edgar v. JAC Prods., Inc., 443 F.3d 501, 507 (6th Cir. 2006)). Defendants argue that Ainsworth does not adequately plead the fifth element given her failure to return to work after expiration of FMLA leave in December 2008 and her physical inability to perform the essential functions of her position due to continued health issues. (LCSB Mem. at 4-5.) For the following reasons, the Court agrees. Under the FMLA, eligible employees are entitled to a total of twelve workweeks of leave during any twelve-month period due to a serious health condition that makes the employee unable to perform the functions of her position. 2612(a)(1)(D). 29 U.S.C. The FMLA also provides that an employee who takes FMLA leave shall be entitled, on return from such leave "to be restored by the employer to the position of employment held by the employee when the leave commenced," id. § 2614(a)(1)(A), or "to be restored to an equivalent position with equivalent employment benefits, pay, and other terms and conditions of employment, id. § 2614(a)(1)(B). However, an employee who remains "unable to perform an essential function of 21 the position" once her FMLA leave ends is not entitled to restoration or another position. 29 C.F.R. § 825.216(c). Thus, an employer does not violate the FMLA when it fails to reinstate an employee who is physically unable to return to work at the conclusion of the twelve-week period of FMLA leave. See Penn v. Cnty. of Fairfax, No. 06cv1449, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 109007, at *9 (E.D. Va. Feb. 1, 2008) (granting summary judgment in favor of employer that terminated employee who was physically unable to return to work at the end of FMLA leave), aff'd 289 F. App'x 648 (4th Cir. 2008) (unpublished); Rodriguez v. Smithfield Packing Co., Inc., 545 F. Supp. 2d 508, 523 (D. Md. 2008) (citing Edgar, 443 F.3d at 513) ("[I]nability to work at the end of the twelve-week period bars relief [under the FMLA] because any prior violation caused no harm.").5 Here, Ainsworth alleges that she was on FMLA leave from August 27 to December 1, 2008 (over thirteen weeks). Compl. ¶ 38.) (Am. She further alleges that, with LCSB's permission, she took additional, non-FMLA leave from December 2, 2008 to January 27, 2009. (Am. Compl. ¶ 39.) It is therefore clear from the allegations in the Amended Complaint that Ainsworth did 5 As Ainsworth notes in her opposition, these cases were decided on summary judgment. Numerous cases have, however, decided this issue on Rule 12(b)(6) motions. See, e.g., Peoples v. Langley/Empire Candle Co., No. 11-2469, 2012 WL 171340, at *3-4 (D. Kan. Jan. 20, 2012); Hofferica v. St. Mary Med. Ctr., --- F. Supp. 2d ----, 2011 WL 4374555, at *7 (E.D. Pa. Sept. 20, 2011); Coffman v. Robert J. Young Co., Inc., No. 3:10-1052, 2011 WL 2174465, at *3 (M.D. Tenn. June 1, 2011), report and recommendation adopted, 2011 WL 2416745 (M.D. Tenn. June 14, 2011); Fleck v. WILMAC Corp., No. 10-05562, 2011 WL 1899198, at *8 (E.D. Pa. May 19, 2011). 22 not return to work until after her FMLA leave expired. Ainsworth, in fact, concedes that she was not medically cleared to return to work until January 5, 2009 -- and even then only on a part-time basis. (Am. Compl. ¶ 40.) Ainsworth was medically released to return to classroom work on March 25, 2009, (Am. Compl. ¶ 43), with a restriction on duration of work which was not lifted until August 21, 2009, (Am. Compl. ¶ 52). Even viewed in a light most favorable to Plaintiff, the assignment to part-time secretarial work appears to have been a form of accommodation given Ainsworth's medical restrictions rather than an attempt to interfere with her FMLA rights. In sum, it is clear from the allegations in the Amended Complaint that Ainsworth did not, and was physically unable to, return to work upon expiration of her FMLA leave. Consequently, LCSB was under no obligation to reinstate her to her former, or an equivalent, position.6 Because Ainsworth was not denied an FMLA benefit to which she was entitled, the Court dismisses Ainsworth's interference claim. 3. FMLA Retaliation Claim Ainsworth also alleges that LCSB violated the FMLA by terminating her in retaliation for taking FMLA leave. 6 (Am. That LCSB permitted Ainsworth to remain on leave of absence beyond her FMLA leave does not change this result. See Ackerman v. Beth Israel Cemetery Ass'n of Woodbridge, N.J., No. 09-1097, 2010 WL 2651299, at *7 (D.N.J. June 25, 2010) ("Employees who exceed the twelve weeks of leave the FMLA provides for stand to lose their entitlement to job restoration even if their employers provide additional, non-FMLA, leave.") (internal quotation marks omitted). 23 Compl. ¶ 102.) In addition to providing substantive (or "prescriptive") rights to unpaid leave in certain situations, the FMLA also provides proscriptive rights "that protect employees from discrimination or retaliation for exercising their substantive rights under the FMLA." Yashenko v. Harrah's N.C. Casino Co., 446 F.3d 541, 546 (4th Cir. 2006). To state an FMLA retaliation claim, a plaintiff must establish that: (1) she engaged in a protected activity, (2) her employer took an adverse employment action against her, and (3) the adverse employment action was causally connected to the plaintiff's protected activity. Id. at 551 (citation omitted). Here, there is no dispute that Ainsworth engaged in a protected activity by requesting FMLA leave. Ainsworth also suffered an adverse employment action when LCSB declined to offer her an employment contract for the 2010-11 school year. Courts confronted with FMLA retaliation claims have imported the definition of "adverse employment action" used in the Title VII context. See Payne v. Fairfax Cnty., No. 1:05cv1446, 2006 WL 3196545, at *4 (E.D. Va. Nov. 1, 2006). Adverse employment actions are those that negatively impact the terms, conditions, or benefits of employment, id., termination being the quintessential example, see Yashenko, 446 F.3d at 551 (no dispute that termination constituted an adverse employment action). That Ainsworth's termination arose by way of non- 24 renewal of an employment contract is of no consequence. See Leibowitz v. Cornell Univ., 584 F.3d 487, 501 (2d Cir. 2009) ("An employee seeking a renewal of an employment contract, just like a new applicant or a rehire after a layoff, suffers an adverse employment action when an employment opportunity is denied and is protected from discrimination in connection with such decisions under Title VII . . . ."); cf. Swaim v. Westchester Acad., 208 F. Supp. 2d 579, 584-86 (M.D.N.C. 2002) (holding that offer of ten-month renewal contract at a reduced salary instead of customary twelve-month contract was an adverse employment action for purposes of Title VII). Defendants focus on the third element of Ainsworth's retaliation claim -- the causal connection between protected activity and the adverse employment action. According to Defendants, Ainsworth's absenteeism during the 2010-11 school year, as alleged in the Amended Complaint, demonstrates that it had a legitimate basis for deciding not to renew her employment contract. Defendants argue that other facts alleged in the Amended Complaint, including LCSB's continuing employment of Ainsworth following her FMLA leave in 2008, make retaliatory animus implausible. The Court finds it premature to resolve these issues at this stage of the litigation. Ainsworth's allegations adequately establish a causal connection between her termination and her FMLA leave for purposes of surviving these 25 Motions to Dismiss. For one, temporal proximity between the adverse employment action and the protected activity has been deemed sufficient for purposes of establishing a prima facie case of causality. 3196545, at *5. Yashenko, 446 F.3d at 551; Payne, 2006 WL Here, Ainsworth's FMLA leave concluded on June 17, 2010, and her termination was effective June 21, 2010. Pursuant to the low threshold articulated in the Fourth Circuit, this connection sufficiently establishes a prima facie showing of causality. Ainsworth also alleges that she was treated unfavorably as a result of her FMLA leave. Specifically, she alleges that, unlike other staff, she did not receive her preferred assignment for the 2010-11 school year and that she received negative feedback contrary to her actual performance in the classroom. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 57, 62.) These allegations, accepted as true, raise Ainsworth's right to relief on her retaliation claim above the speculative level. The Court also rejects Defendants' argument that because Ainsworth failed to return to work upon expiration of her FMLA leave in June 2010, non-renewal of her employment contract effected no harm upon her. The problem with this argument is that it conflates Ainsworth's retaliation claim with her interference claim. "A retaliation claim under the FMLA differs from an interference claim under the FMLA in that the interference claim merely requires proof that the employer 26 denied the employee his entitlements under the FMLA, while the retaliation claim requires proof of retaliatory intent." Bosse v. Baltimore Cnty., 692 F. Supp. 2d 574, 588 (D. Md. 2010). The FMLA is not a strict liability statute and therefore employees seeking to recover on an interference claim must establish that the employer's violation caused them harm. 507-08. Edgar, 443 F.3d at Under the retaliation theory, in contrast, "[t]he employer's motive is relevant because retaliation claims impose liability on employers that act against employees specifically because those employees invoked their FMLA rights." Id. at 508 (emphasis in original). It is true, as discussed above, that once an employee exceeds the duration of her FMLA leave, the employer is not obligated by FMLA to keep that position open or reinstate the employee upon her return. See, e.g., Cehrs v. Ne. Ohio Alzheimer's Research Ctr., 155 F.3d 775, 784-85 (6th Cir. 1998). That an employer may have a legitimate basis for its employment decision does not, however, provide it with a complete defense to a "proscriptive" retaliation claim. Keim v. Nat'l R.R. Passenger Corp., No. 05-cv-4338, 2007 WL 2155656, at *6-7 & n.6 (E.D. Pa. July 26, 2007); see also Rogers v. AC Humko Corp., 56 F. Supp. 2d 972, 978 (W.D. Tenn. 1999) ("[T]he purposes of the FMLA would be frustrated if an employer could escape from all liability for a retaliatory discharge . . . simply because it 27 was shown that the employee could not have returned to work after having taken FMLA leave."). Thus, while LCSB may have been justified in terminating Ainsworth because she remained absent at the end of her FMLA leave, this does not necessarily preclude the finding that unlawful considerations may have played a determinative role in its employment decision. The appropriate time for LCSB to present evidence supporting its decision not to renew Ainsworth's employment contract is summary judgment. Finally, the Individual Defendants argue that Ainsworth does not sufficiently identify which individuals were involved in terminating her employment. at 9.) The Court disagrees. (Individual Defs.' Mem. At this stage of the litigation, Ainsworth's allegations adequately demonstrate that each of the Individual Defendants engaged in conduct which -- viewed in a light most favorable to Plaintiff -- qualify as retaliatory. For these reasons, dismissal of Ainsworth's retaliation claim is inappropriate. B. Count III: ADA Claims In Count III, Ainsworth alleges violations of the ADA. The ADA prohibits discrimination "against a qualified individual on the basis of disability in regard to job application procedures, the hiring, advancement, or discharge of employees, employee compensation, job training, and other terms, 28 conditions, and privileges of employment." 12112(a). 42 U.S.C. § Although organized under one count, Ainsworth brings two separate claims under the ADA: (1) a claim for wrongful discharge and (2) a claim for failure to accommodate. LCSB argues that Ainsworth fails to state a claim under either theory.7 The Court addresses each claim in turn. 1. Wrongful Discharge In order to state a claim for ADA wrongful discharge, a plaintiff must demonstrate that (1) she is within the ADA's protected class; (2) she was discharged; (3) at the time of her discharge, she was performing the job at a level that met her employer's legitimate expectations; and (4) her discharge occurred under circumstances that raise a reasonable inference of unlawful discrimination. Haulbrook v. Michelin N. Am., Inc., 252 F.3d 696, 702 (4th Cir. 2001). One falls within the ADA's protected class if she is "a qualified individual with a disability." Id. (citation omitted). LCSB spends most of its energy arguing that Ainsworth's ADA wrongful discharge claim fails because she was not a qualified individual with a disability. Under the ADA, a qualified individual is "an individual who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of the employment position that 7 In the Amended Complaint, Ainsworth asserts her ADA claims against both LCSB and the Individual Defendants. In her opposition brief, she concedes that no cause of action exists against the Individual Defendants for ADA violations. (Opp. to Individual Defs.' Mot. to Dismiss [Dkt. 21] at 10.) Accordingly, Count III is dismissed with prejudice insofar as it is asserted against the Individual Defendants. 29 such individual holds or desires." 42 U.S.C. § 12111(8). According to LCSB, Ainsworth was not a qualified individual because she could not perform an essential function of her job -- i.e., attendance at work. "In addition to possessing the skills necessary to perform the job in question, an employee must be willing and able to demonstrate these skills by coming to work on a regular basis." Tyndall v. Nat'l Educ. Ctrs., Inc. of Cal., 31 F.3d 209, 213 (4th Cir. 1994). Therefore, a regular and reliable level of attendance is an essential function of most jobs. Id. Moreover, this Court has previously concluded that FMLA leave may be held against an employee in determining whether she is able to perform the essential functions of her job within the meaning of the ADA. Payne, 2006 WL 3196545, at *8. Here, Ainsworth was released to return to work full time without restrictions on August 21, 2009 (Am. Compl. ¶ 52), but continued to miss work on a regular basis. Before February 18, 2010, Ainsworth missed thirty days of work for medical reasons and was excused from work by her doctors on February 19, 2010, March 5 to 8, 2010, March 18 to 19, 2010, March 25 to 26, 2010, and April 7, 2010. (Am. Compl. ¶ 67.) Ainsworth took FMLA leave from April 12 to May 28, 2010 and June 1 to 17, 2010, and took additional, non-FMLA leave from June 18 to 21, 2010. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 72-73.) Ainsworth also pleads that she was to 30 continue nerve block treatments until August 2011. (Am. Compl. ¶ 80.) While it is true that regular attendance is a necessary element of most jobs, it is also true that modified work schedules can constitute a form of reasonable accommodation. Leschinskey v. Rectors & Visitors of Radford Univ., No. 7:11cv189, 2011 WL 5029813, at *2 (W.D. Va. Oct. 24, 2011) ("The term reasonable accommodation may include . . . part-time or modified work schedules.") (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 12111(9)). And, although an employer need not "wait indefinitely" for an employee's medical conditions to be corrected, Myers v. Hose, 50 F.3d 278, 283 (4th Cir. 1995), many courts have held that "a period of leave can in some circumstances be a reasonable accommodation required of an employer under the ADA," Garcia-Ayala v. Lederle Parenterals, Inc., 212 F.3d 638, 652 (1st Cir. 2000) (emphasis in original); Kitchen v. Summers Continuous Care Ctr., LLC, 552 F. Supp. 2d 589, 595 (S.D. W.Va. 2008). Whether periods of leave may be considered a reasonable form of accommodation presents a "troublesome problem, partly because of the oxymoronic anomaly it harbors" and also "because of the daunting challenge of line-drawing it presents." Garcia-Ayala, 212 F.3d at 651. Indeed, courts have held that this issue is generally a question of fact, Pandazides 31 v. Va. Bd. of Educ., 13 F.3d 823, 833 (4th Cir. 1994), and is more appropriately addressed at summary judgment, see Shannon v. City of Philadelphia, No. 98-5277, 1999 WL 126097, at *3 (E.D. Pa. Mar. 5, 1999) ("Whether granting the additional leave requested was a reasonable accommodation and whether the [defendant] could provide it to [plaintiff] without undue hardship are factual inquiries that are not properly decided in the context of a motion to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6)."). Although Ainsworth missed substantial time at work, it is at least plausible at this stage of the litigation that her leaves of absence qualify as a form of reasonable accommodation. Notably, Ainsworth was a teaching assistant and not a teacher, which suggests that a modified work schedule may have been a workable arrangement. Ainsworth also alleges that despite her absences, she performed well in the classroom and received increased responsibility as a result. (Am. Compl. ¶ 58.) For these reasons, the Court finds it premature to conclude that Ainsworth is not a "qualified employee" at this time. LCSB's remaining arguments are likewise unavailing. Contrary to LCSB's assertion, non-renewal of Ainsworth's employment contract counts as "discharge" for purposes of the ADA. See Fontenot v. Our Lady of Holy Cross Coll., No. 11-1375, 2011 WL 4368836, at *5 (E.D. La. Sept. 19, 2011) (finding 32 allegation that defendant decided not to renew plaintiff's employment contract for 2009-10 academic year based on disability sufficient for ADA wrongful discharge claim). LCSB also argues that Ainsworth's allegations demonstrate she was not performing her job at a level that met her employer's legitimate expectations when the non-renewal decision was made. To the extent LCSB is referring to Ainsworth's absences (see Am. Compl. ¶ 68), an employee's taking of leave does not per se preclude the employee from proving she was meeting her employer's legitimate expectations. See Gladden v. Winston Salem State Univ., 495 F. Supp. 2d 517, 523 (M.D.N.C. 2007) (rejecting argument that plaintiff's ADA wrongful discharge claim should be dismissed because absence at time of termination meant that plaintiff could prove under no set of facts he was performing his job at a level that met employer's expectations). While Ainsworth admits that she received negative feedback from Broaddus and Peppiat concerning her performance in the classroom, she asserts that she was performing her job well and that Broaddus and Peppiat's statements were false. ¶ 62.) (Am. Compl. In addition, Ainsworth alleges that she consistently received positive performance evaluations prior to that time (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 28-30), that she was given increased responsibility in the classroom (Am. Compl. ¶ 58), and that even her negative performance evaluation noted that she was "very 33 organized and completes clerical tasks efficiently," (Am. Compl. ¶ 68). Given the apparent contradiction between these allegations and LCSB's contention that Ainsworth failed to meet its legitimate expectations, dismissal of Ainsworth's wrongful discharge claim on this basis is inappropriate at this stage of the litigation. Accordingly, the wrongful discharge claim survives as to LCSB. 2. Failure to Accommodate An ADA failure to accommodate claim consists of the following elements: (1) the employee was an individual who had a disability within the meaning of the statute; (2) the employer had notice of the disability; (3) with reasonable accommodation the employee could perform the essential functions of the position; and (4) the employer refused to make such accommodations. Rhoads v. Fed. Deposit Ins. Corp., 257 F.3d 373, 387 n.11 (4th Cir. 2001). LCSB again argues that Ainsworth is not a qualified individual and that no reasonable accommodation would have enabled her to perform the essential functions of her position. These arguments fail for the reasons stated in connection with Ainsworth's wrongful discharge claim. In addition, however, LCSB argues that Ainsworth's failure to accommodate claim should be dismissed because she fails to allege that she requested a reasonable accommodation. (LCSB Mem. at 10.) In response, Ainsworth points to her 34 requests for FMLA leave so she could receive nerve block injections to the back of her head and neck. to Dismiss [Dkt. 20] at 21.) (Opp. to LCSB Mot. The problem for Ainsworth is that LCSB granted these periods of FMLA leave. Indeed, the Amended Complaint does not point to a single instance where LCSB denied Ainsworth leave. To the extent Ainsworth's claim is premised on her termination (i.e., so LCSB would no longer have to grant leave), such a theory conflates failure to accommodate with wrongful discharge. See Vlasek v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., No. H- 07-0386, 2007 WL 2402183, at *5 (S.D. Tex. Aug. 20, 2007) ("It is generally accepted that a failure to accommodate is not like or reasonably related to an allegation of termination.") (collecting cases). While Ainsworth is correct that a plaintiff need not use "magic words" in making a request, the plaintiff must make clear to the employer that she wanted assistance for her disability. Parkinson v. Anne Arundel Med. Ctr., 79 F. App'x 602, 604-05 (4th Cir. 2003) (unpublished) (citing Taylor v. Phoenixville Sch. Dist., 184 F.3d 296, 313 (3d Cir. 1999)). Nowhere in the Amended Complaint does Ainsworth allege that she requested some form of accommodation other than leaves of absence. Lastly, Ainsworth argues that LCSB had an affirmative duty to engage in "a flexible, interactive dialogue with [her] 35 in a good faith effort to discuss and exhaust reasonable accommodations. (Opp. to LCSB Mot. to Dismiss at 22 (citing 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(o)(3)).) "However, an employee cannot base a reasonable accommodation claim solely on the allegation that the employer failed to engage in an interactive process." Walter v. United Airlines, Inc., 232 F.3d 892, 2000 WL 1587489, at *4 (4th Cir. Oct. 25, 2000) (unpublished table decision) (citing Rehling v. City of Chicago, 207 F.3d 1009, 1016 (7th Cir. 2000)). "Rather, the employee must demonstrate that the employer's failure to engage in the interactive process resulted in the failure to identify an appropriate accommodation for the disabled employee." Id. Here, Ainsworth does not allege that LCSB failed to engage in such a process with her. And, as noted above, Ainsworth does not allege that she requested a reasonable accommodation other than leave nor does she allege that such a request was ever denied. warrants dismissal. The failure to make these allegations See Morgan v. Rowe Materials, LLC, No. 3:08cv576, 2009 WL 1321514, at *3 (E.D. Va. May 11, 2009) (dismissing failure to accommodate claim where plaintiff failed to allege whether he sought reasonable accommodations and whether such accommodations were denied). Accordingly, Ainsworth's failure to accommodate claim is dismissed. 36 C. Count IV: Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress Claim In Count IV of the Amended Complaint, Ainsworth alleges a state-law claim for IIED.8 (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 126-37.) To establish a claim for IIED, a plaintiff must sufficiently allege that (1) the wrongdoer's conduct was intentional or reckless; (2) the conduct was outrageous or intolerable; (3) there was a causal connection between the wrongdoer's conduct and the resulting emotional distress; and (4) the resulting emotional distress was severe. Veney v. Ojeda, 321 F. Supp. 2d 733, 748 (E.D. Va. 2004) (citations omitted); Supervalu, Inc. v. Johnson, 276 Va. 356, 369-70 (Va. 2008). generally disfavored. 2007). This cause of action is Almy v. Grisham, 273 Va. 68, 81 (Va. Specifically, liability for IIED has been found "only where the conduct has been so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community." Russo v. White, 241 Va. 23, 27 (Va. 1991) (citation omitted). "[L]iability clearly does not extend to mere insults, indignities, threats, annoyances, petty oppressions, or other trivialities." 8 Gaiters v. Lynn, 831 The Court is exercising supplemental jurisdiction over Ainsworth's IIED claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a). In exercising supplemental jurisdiction over the state law claim, the Court must apply Virginia's substantive law. Johnson v. Hugo's Skateway, 974 F.2d 1408, 1416 n.7 (4th Cir. 1992); Brown v. Mitchell, 327 F. Supp. 2d 615, 628 n.27 (E.D. Va. 2004). 37 F.2d 51, 53 (4th Cir. 1987). It "arises only when the emotional distress is extreme, and only where the distress inflicted is so severe that no reasonable person could be expected to endure it." Russo, 241 Va. at 27 (citation omitted). The Fourth Circuit held in Hatfill v. N.Y. Times Co., 416 F.3d 320, 337 (4th Cir. 2005), that under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 a plaintiff is not required to plead IIED with the particularity usually required under Virginia law. Nevertheless, even under the Hatfill notice pleading standard, Ainsworth has failed to establish an IIED claim. In support of her IIED claim, Ainsworth alleges that certain of the Individual Defendants branded her a "problem" employee with "issues," criticized her work performance, and otherwise treated her negatively. While this conduct may have upset Ainsworth, it simply does not rise to the level of "atrocious" conduct that goes "beyond all possible bounds of decency" and is "utterly intolerable in a civilized community," as required by Virginia law. Russo, 241 Va. at 27. Moreover, courts applying Virginia law have regularly recognized that it is especially difficult to establish IIED in the employment context. See, e.g., Musselman v. Merck & Co., Inc., No. 1:06cv845, 2006 WL 2645174, at *5-6 (E.D. Va. Sept. 13, 2006) (holding that series of employment actions culminating in termination failed to give rise to an IIED claim); Burke v. AT & T Technical Servs. Co., Inc., 55 F. 38 Supp. 2d 432, 441 (E.D. Va. 1999) (holding that a demotion and termination allegedly based on racial discrimination, while "insidious and unacceptable," did not constitute outrageous conduct); Beardsley v. Isom, 828 F. Supp. 397, 401 (E.D. Va. 1993) (holding that actions allegedly taken in retaliation for the plaintiff's complaints of sexual harassment did not rise to the requisite level of severity), aff'd sub nom., Beardsley v. Webb, 30 F.3d 524 (4th Cir. 1994). Accordingly, the Court dismisses Ainsworth's IIED claim. IV. Conclusion For these reasons, the Court will grant in part and deny in part LCSB's Motion and grant in part and deny in part the Individual Defendants' Motion. An appropriate Order will issue. March 16, 2012 Alexandria, Virginia /s/ James C. Cacheris UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT JUDGE 39


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Angela Michelle "Angie" Harmon (born August 10, 1972) is an American fashion model and television/film actress. She became a well-known model in the 1990s and developed a career as a television star after roles on Baywatch Nights and Law & Order. She most recently starred in ABC's Tuesday evening drama Women's Murder Club.


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Donald Goellnicht
The present thesis is a study of the problematic role of the Muse figure in relation to the Romantic quest for poetic identity. In general, the Romantic quest is riddled with the problem of domesticating the wayward Muse, with whom the male quester-poet never seems to be perfectly at home. This project of domestication is doomed, however, by the "treacherous" mutability of the Muse-principle, which turns the Romantic quest into a discourse of contradiction. To illustrate this, I will examine the figural patterns of confrontation between the quester-poet and the female Muse figures in selected works by Coleridge and Keats, focusing in particular on two major poems, "Christabel" and "Lamia."
In analyzing the English poems, I will draw from various elements of Chinese culture and appropriate them to the purpose of my study. In the context of my cross-cultural reading, the Romantic Muse is a kindred spirit to the "Mysterious Female" of the Taoist Way, who clearly represents the maternal principle of transformation. The "natural" emblem of the Way is the rainbow. An analysis of the rainbow in its various and conflictual forms of signification will help unravel the Romantic myth of organic harmony. The latant tension inscribed in the individual work's figural patterns reveals, apart from the sexual polemics underlying its symbolic structure, the ideological struggle within that elusive centre of contradiction known as the human subject. The conflicting elements which drive the Romantic quester's unstable ego in diverse directions become manifest in the literary works symptomatically, in the form of linguistic discrepancies. The result of all this textual complexity is not the construction of organic wholeness (as the New critic would claim), but the unravelling of the Romantic myth of a unified self in the very process of the quest for self-identity.
Recommended Citation
Zhang, Yu, "Unweaving the Rainbow: The Taboo Woman in the Poetry of Coleridge and Keats" (1991). Open Access Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3587.


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New Orleans City Sightseeing and Hurricane Katrina Small-Group Tour
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Our driver was great. He had lived through the hurricane and shared his experiences with us. That was a first for us and we appreciated it. The tour was so interesting. It was our second tour in two years and this one was excellent. I would recommend taking the tour at the beginning of the vacation so you can see things to go back and visit.
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Great tour. Ginnie our guide was a native to New Orleans and she was excellent. She was extremely knowledgeable and shared her story of Katrina. Saw a lot of the city also. Great value.
Very informative
This tour was a wonderful overview of New Orleans. Our guide was very experienced and full of inside information. We learned a lot; it was a great way to start our week.
This tour was incrediable. As we were the only one's booked on this tour, they fitted us onto another tour that also include the Katrina sight seeing.
Driver was excellent. She had maps, pictures and so much information that was passed around the shuttle to show us how bad the cyclone was.
Very informative and we had a wonderful time.
Highly recommend this tour.
We totally enjoyed the tour. The tour guides were not only knowledgable but friendly. It was like we were their friends not just their guests. We felt like we were family. We enjoyed the Southern hospitality!!! Thank you so much. Joel and Sharon
Joseph, the driver, made this tour special. Joseph grew up in the area and lived through Katrina. Joseph's knowledge of the area and the history made this a memorable experience. Seeing the houses still shuttered down due to Katrina brings this tragedy to life.
I really enjoyed the tour. Very informative and interesting. I would definitely recommend it.


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Dartmoor Walker's Package - from £87.50 per person, per night
2 night package in a standard room to include: One walking guide: 'Short Walks on Dartmoor' and one DVD Speilberg's epic adaptation of 'War Horse' by Michael Morpurgo, 3-course dinner in our Restaurant on the first night, full English breakfast both mornings. Day 2: Pack lunch to take on your walk, return to hotel for Devonshire Cream Tea.
Total cost: £350 until 2nd November 2014. Upgrade to a Country Room for £20.00
To book or for further details, please call 01364 661452
- this offer must be booked directly with the hotel. No reduction for parts of package not taken.
Dartmoor Explorer / Mini Break - 4 or 5 night package
Accommodation in a Country Room inclusive of 3-course dinner in our Restaurant each evening plus a copy of 'Short Walks on Dartmoor'.
Until 2nd November 2014: 4 nights £93.00pppn, 5 nights £88.00pppn. Upgrades available.
To book or for further details, please call 01364 661452
- this offer must be booked directly with the hotel. No reduction for parts of package not taken.
Nordic Walking Weekend 4th to 6th July and 3rd to 5th October
Arrive Friday afternoon and enjoy a 3-course dinner in the Restaurant. After a good night's sleep enjoy a hearty breakfast before the real hard work begins! The day will start with an introduction to Nordic walking by Elaine Sylvester, your guide for the weekend. This will include a DVD, run through of equipment and technique, demonstration and then a practical session in the hotel's grounds. You will then depart the hotel armed with equipment and pack lunch to one of Elaine's tried and tested destinations to begin your exploration. You will return to the hotel at around 5pm to give you enough time for a soothing Jacuzzi and sauna before enjoying another mouth-watering dinner in the hotel's Restaurant. After breakfast on Sunday there will be another guided walk on Dartmoor before returning to the hotel for a 2-course roast lunch before farewells and wending your way home.
Single Room
Standard Double or Twin
£500.00 (£250.00pp)
Country Double or Twin
£520.00 (£260.00pp)
Deluxe Double or Twin
£610.00 (£305.00pp)
To book or for further details, please call 01364 661452
The package includes 2 night's accommodation in a standard room for 2 people (except single room), dinner both nights, pack lunch on Saturday, 2-course Sunday lunch and all the tutoring as outlined above. There is no reduction for parts of the package not taken. Transport or car sharing may be required to get to the walking areas.


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Event 1
When: Friday, 3/23/12. 7pm
Where: Channel 7 Studios at State & Lake
Event 2
When: Saturday, 3/24/12. 12pm to 3pm
Where: Daley Plaza, 118 N. Clark St.
On February 26th, 17 year-old Trayvon Martin went to a store in Sanford, Fla., a suburb of Orlando, where he was visiting his father and his fiance. He was walking back through the Retreat at Twin Lakes gated community when he was spotted by George Zimmerman, the self-appointed head of a neighborhood watch who would eventually shoot Trayvon after stalking him. Trayvon, a young black man, was unarmed, only carrying with him some Skittles and ice tea. The "neighborhood watchman" was heard using racial slurs and asking why he was in the neighborhood while on the phone with his girlfriend, who listened helplessly through the whole incident.
His body was taken to the medical examiner's office and listed as John Doe. Authorities apparently never attempted to use Trayvon's cell phone to find out who he was--his father was still deperately calling 911 24 hours later to say that his son was missing.
The cops' apparent disregard for Trayvon after his death contrasted with their treatment of Zimmerman, who was released after questioning--because, police said, they had no evidence to disprove Zimmerman's self defense claim. To this day, George Zimmerman has not spent a single minute in custody.
Occupy Chicago will not stand by idly as yet another racial hate crime goes unnoticed. Justice was not served for Troy Anthony Davis or Oscar Grant, we will not let the same be said of Trayvon Marton. Come protest, let your voice be heard, and speak out against this sensless, bigoted crime.