text:
just in time for the gravestone ….
Inside this issue
on D810 Live View Split Screen
Interesting stuff Tim. It was the Live View improvements that most interested me too. When I've used a D800 in the past I've always felt its LV function was a poor relation to my Canon 5D3's. The dual window feature is definitely of interest, I often use LV to check my DoF [...]- Duncan Fawkes, 13:22 1st Jul
on Valerie Millett
Valerie, your work continues to grow and become more focused and expressive. You certainly do have a feel for the desert landscape! Best wishes to you. G Dan Mitchell- G Dan Mitchell, 02:52 30th Jun
on On Vision… Part 1
Thank you David, absolutely fascinating - I think of you as a sort of photographer philosopher. I don't know if there is any other magazine focussing on landscape photography where you could read such stuff? Looking forward to the next part.- Jay Patel, 13:14 28th Jun
Big Camera ComparisonEquipment Reviews
THE Epic Comparison
Tim Parkin
Amateur Photographer who plays with big cameras and film when in between digital photographs.
We followed up the research on the first article by talking to a few different photographers in person in order to get their input on what a thorough test would look like, these subsequently helped with the actual running of the test (so a massive thanks to them!).
- Joe Cornish, who owns a Phase One P45 but has spent much of his career shooting transparencies on 4×5 film
- Dav Thomas, who started shooting digital DSLR's but moved onto film and eventually large format
- Chris Ireland, Phase One's representative in the North East of England
We also talked about the project on a few online forums, including the 'Large Format Photography' forum, the 'Luminous Landscape' forum. These were very helpful in picking the right approach.
Following the test, we talked to other photographers who use large format film, high-end digital or both, including Hans Strand, Andrew Nadolski & David Ward
We started looking at which cameras to test and distilled the potential candidates to the following
- Toyo 810MII
- Ebony 45SU
- Mamiya 7
- IQ180 on an Alpa
- IQ180 on a Cambo
- IQ180 on a Phase One 645DF
- Phase One P45 on a Linhof Techno
- Nikon D3X
- Canon 5Dmk2
We would have liked to have tested the IQ180 on the Linhof Techno as well but the platform used (any of them) didn't contribute a great deal of difference to the sharpness of the result under ideal conditions so we don't think this would have produced vastly different results. The Alpa and lenses were loaned to us by Paula of Linhof Studio the tilt shift lenses were loaned by Lenses for Hire and the D3X was contributed and operated by John Robinson.
Our next job was to select a range of lenses that would give us a close enough focal length match. We made a presumption that most people interested in the results would probably be thinking about moving from 4×5 to digital and so we decided to settle on that as the aspect ratio for our conversions. Given this, the ratio of the short sides of the IQ180 (40.4mm) vs the short side of 10×8 (196mm) gives a ratio of 4.6:1 – these calculations were made for all of the cameras and as we wanted to use the Rodenstock Digaron W lenses, we only had 40mm, 50mm and 70mm lenses to choose from. Here is the conversion table we came up with..
Bear in mind that the table below uses the IQ180 as the baseline. Hence the multiplier is 'how much do I need to multiply aperture or focal length to get the equivalent'. The %ge values next to each lens is a representation of how close it is to a perfect match for the IQ180 lens. This is mainly relevant for the landscape photograph shown later as we recomposed the picture by moving backwards and forwards to compensate for these changes (obviously we didn't want the difference to be too much because of perspective effects).
|short side / mm
|f/stop equiv
The table above also shows the f/stop equivalents. We estimated that the sharpest aperture for the IQ180 would be f/5.6 and so bracketed the photographs around this aperture. Obviously this needed converting to keep the same depth of field for each size of film/sensor and so the equivalent f/stop for 8×10 was f/22⅔ : 4×5 was f/11⅓ : 6×7 was f/8 and 35mm was f/4.. In reality, we realised that imperfect lens design would mean the optimum aperture may be larger than these and hence we bracketed with smaller apertures to make sure we found the sharpest point.
Given the available focal lengths in 8×10 and 4×5 we decided to use the 40mm and 70mm Digaron W lenses which gave the following equivalent lenses.
For the 40mm equivalent we chose the Fujinon 240A, a very popular 4×5 lens which covers 8×10 with some room to spare. The resolution figures suggested it to be a fairly sharp performer. It was a bit longer that we would have liked but for the studio test we were able to move the camera back to compensate and ensure the same framing.
For the 70mm equivalent we shopped around and finally Mr CAD loaned use a huge 360mm Schneider Symmar-S which we knew would perform exceptionally well and only had a 6% difference in focal length* giving a small advantage to the 8×10 for the landscape view.
For the 40mm equivalent we chose the Rodenstock 90mm f/4.5 Grandagon N, one of the best 90mm lenses available.
For the 70mm equivalent we chose the Fujinon 180A, another classic large format lens and one that matches the 70mm fairly well although gives an 8% advantage to 4×5 over the IQ180*
* i.e. If the cameras were shot from exactly the same position, the %ge difference would be a magnification ration. This translates directly into a %ge difference in resolving power. However, for the studio tests, we repositioned the cameras to compensate for this effect.
For the 40mm equivalent we chose the 55mm. The Mamiya 7 does not have a great range of lenses for quantity but for quality they are amongst the sharpest lenses ever made and this matched the focal length well.
For the 70mm equivalent we again didn't have a close match and the resulting shots have a disadvantage of nearly 20%.
The 40mm equivalent on 35mm cameras was a handy 24mm and we decided to compare using tilt shift lenses on both the Nikon and Canon systems (the latest versions).
The 70mm equivalent wasn't really a great match again, giving a 20% advantage to 35mm.
Test Targets
Here is a sample picture of the test target used.
The areas that we will show in our tests are marked in red. The sample that is used in the absolute resolution test is marked in green
We were very keen on having some real world targets for the resolution testing but after some debate we also decided to include proper resolution targets and in retrospect it was a wise decision. The tests used were the slanted edge target supplied by Imatest (printed on matt paper using an Epson 4800). The slanted edge target also includes a 'resolution trumpet' (I'm sure there is a proper name for this) which is a set of lines which gradually get finer and closer together. We calculated the resolution of these lines so that even in the very best scenario of 8000dpi 8×10 being pin sharp we would still have resolution to spare. We also included a few slanted edge lines in different colours to take a look at possible bayer array issues.
The test on the right was for a 'readability' test. This is to combat the potential for raw converters or sharpening to add data that wasn't in the original image. Again these were included in the three primary colours. Two colour targets were included as well, one a colorchecker and the other a Wolf Faust IT8 target. The light box used for the main resolution tests is a Just Normlicht Colormatch 5000 which has a colour balanced proofing light and lightbox. The lightbox is used to display four transparencies that include typical landscape scenes.
We have also included a five pound note and a twenty pound note which provide very fine detail to check rendering. Finally, we raided Joe Cornish's camera cupboard and laid out a few lenses and cameras. The results show extracts from the Hassleblad, Nikkor Lens, Transparencies and the twenty pound note.
The exposures were made based on the different films used. For instance for the digital cameras we exposed using the histogram and checked this with the light meter. For transparency film we spot metered the paper white and set this at +1⅔; the negative exposure was made by setting the darkest shadow at -2 (we chose the darkest part of the 8×10 camera bellows) and the black and white was set with the paper whites on the lightbox at +3 stops.
The photographs were taken over the space of a three hours and the ambient light in the room changed by about a stop over this period. Obviously the illumination of the lightbox remained constant throughout.
Ensuring Stability and Sharpness
- Making sure that the cameras produce the sharpest results possible is an art in of itself. Instead of going through all of the steps taken, here is a summary
- Using a five series Gitzo tripod with a BH55 ball head with spikes
- Ensuring no one moving when exposures were taken and give time for system to settle (no main roads nearby etc)
- Use two tripods for the 8×10 shot (a Velbon Sharpa/Carmagne CF tripod and a five series Gitzo tripod) the smaller tripod supporting the lens end of the camera.
- Use double sided tape for the dark slides for 4×5 and 8×10 (more about that later)
- Final focus with an 8x Schneider loupe for 4×5 and 8×10
- Use live view for digital focussing
- For the main aperture chosen, take multiple shots (this includes film e.g. 3 sheets of Provia for both 8×10 and 4×5)
- For outdoor shots, ensure that tripod legs are firmly bedded into subsurface of soil
- Protect camera from wind (using bodies for larger cameras)
The studio IQ180 photographs were taken using three different camera systems, an Alpa SWA, a Cambo Wide RS and a Phase One 645DF. Although we used the 40mm Rodenstock Digaron W on the Alpa, the lens used on the Cambo was a Schneider 35mm f/5.6 APO Digitar XL and the lens used on the Phase One 645 was the Phase One 45mm Digital AF f/2.8. Remember that the position of all cameras was changed to ensure the same view on the sensor/film.
The film was developed at Peak Imaging, Sheffield (Xtol was used for the black and white processing) and the 8×10 black and whites were developed by Palm Labs, Birmingham. The film was checked using an 80x stereo microscope and photographs were taken through the microscope to record absolute resolution on film. 4000dpi scans were then made using a Howtek 4500 drum scanner with higher resolution scans made by Matt Kaye of Karmaan on an ICG and Lanovia. It should be noted that the scans were made at an aperture of 6 micron which gets the sharpest pictures but does mean grainy results, scanning with an aperture of 13 micron reduces the noise considerably at a very slight loss of resolution. The following image shows the resolution target results that have been aligned to keep the resolution axis label consistent. Some of the resolution axes were so long that we had to composite the final microscope images from multiple photographs (e.g. the 8×10 black and white result). Digital images were uprezed using Capture One – we tried alternative methods but the results did not change the underlying resolution results. Some of the details are too fine to see on this version – click here for a 1600px wide version.
It is worth noting that we have based our results on the highest resolution camera in our test, in this case it was the 8×10, and enlarged the other results to compare.
We should also mention the sharpest aperture chosen for each platform. The sharpest aperture on the IQ180 was generally f/4 although more contrasty is a better description (see later). The sharpest aperture on 5×4 was f/16⅔ and on 8×10 was also f/16⅔ – this shouldn't completely surprise us as the most large format lenses perform best at the centre of their image circle at between f/16 and f/22. We also shot images at smaller apertures and the reduction in resolution was quite interesting and is reproduced in a separate table below the results here. The 35mm sharpest aperture was f/5.6 but like the medium format, very little extra information was recorded, the contrast was just higher.
You may ask why we are using a microscope to look at the film (and possibly how did we get pictures?). Well many people say that you can get sharper images by enlarging film and the only way to find out the true capability of the film without enlarging is to check through a microscope, the following image shows our 80x stereo microscope. The images were taken using a Canon 5Dmk2 but even this was not able to show the very finest of lines visible through the microscope. e.g. the Mamiya 7 T-Max result shows 7 as the highest value when photographed through the microscope but we can clearly see a value of 9 by eye (the microscope has a higher magnification when used by eye). This suggests that it may be possible for the Mamiya 7 to resolve as much as 4×5 with a very good enlarger. This remains to be tested.
We have used these images to work out what the optimum scan size is by assuming that you need at least one pixel per line to represent the test chart. For example, the 8×10 delta 100 result shows a maximum figure of 14 (i.e. you can see a separation of lines at the number 14 on the chart). At this position on the chart, we can work out what percentage of the frame height is represented by the group of fifteen lines which is 0.134% hence if we need 30 pixels to represent 15 lines, we should have 30/0.00134 approx 22400 pixels for the frame height. We can work out the frame width by dividing by 8 and multiplying by 10 = 28000 pixels and hence we can work out how many megapixels this represents = 28,000 x 22,400 = 627 megapixels. We can also work out how big a print this is by dividing the 22,400 pixels in height by a 300dpi print resolution which makes a 75″ wide, 93″ high print.
|max resolved
|height in pixels
|print size (inch) where dpi=300
|8×10 Delta 100 (microscope)
|8×10 Delta 100 (4000dpi)
|4×5 Delta 100 (microscope)
|4×5 Delta 100 (8000dpi)
|4×5 Delta 100 (4000dpi)
|4×5 Provia 100 (microscope)
|4×5 Provia 100 (4000dpi)
|Mamiya 7 Portra (microscope)
|Mamiya 7 T-Max (microscope)
|Mamiya 7 T-Max (8000dpi)
|Mamiya 7 T-Max (4000dpi)
|Nikon D3X
|Canon 5D2
These figures should not be taken as bare facts of perceivable differences as different cameras have more or less grain for instance and even though the target resolution was visible, they may have been at less contrast. This does indicate our evaluation of resolving power of these systems though. Items in grey italics are the theoretical results based on microscope analysis. Also it should be mentioned that these figures work out slightly higher than mathematically calculated resolving powers due to diffraction – however these assume a certain level of contrast and we are looking at the 'extinction' value where the detail actually disappears. This has given us an extra 10-15% of resolution compared with theoretical values of maximum enlargement.
Below are the examples showing reduction in resolution at smaller apertures – italics here are used to show the smaller aperture results. I haven't included the results from the IQ180 at different apertures as the camera was sensor limited and resolved the same amount of lines for f/4 f/5.6 f/8 and f/11 – the only difference was that the f/4 and f/5.6 were contrastier and showed more moire. The f/11 result was lower contrast but showed no moire – I've included a photo of the details here which have been scaled up using 'preserve edges' to show actual pixel detail. There was some concern about whether the IQ180 results were in focus; we used live view to focus check but the 1s refresh didn't allow us to do the normal 'sweep' through the focus range to pick the sharpest point. However, it did let us confirm that moving the focus back and forth did not change focus at all and hence we were fairly sure we were at peak focus. We also checked what the depth of field was using the 5 micron pixel size and calculated a value of 20cm front to back. This gave enough room to focus on the chart and still get the cameras within the focus spread. It also confirmed that the camera is sensor limited. i.e. the lens is outresolving the camera,
|max resolved
|height in pixels
|print size (inch) where dpi=300
|4×5 Provia 100 f/16⅔ (4000dpi)
|4×5 Provia 100 f/22⅔
|4×5 Provia 100 f/32⅔
|4×5 Provia 100 f/45⅔ (extrapolated)
|8×10 Delta 100 f/16⅔ (4000dpi)
|8×10 Delta 100 f/22⅔
|8×10 Delta 100 f/32⅔
|8×10 Delta 100 f/45⅔ (extrapolated)
|8×10 Delta 100 f/64⅔ (extrapolated)
The results for the Mamiya 7 when observed through the microscope directly gave higher figures than the photos through the microscope. At f/5.6=8, f/8=9, f/11=7, f/16=6 – obviously these results will probably all resolve down to 4 or 5 when drum scanned on a 4000dpi scanner. This does suggest that darkroom prints may be able to made to a scale similar to 4×5 if very high end equipment and techniques are used.
We also have comparison samples from some of the areas of the test target.
Studio Nikon Lens
You can download the psd file by clicking here.
The right hand side is the IQ180 on the Alpa – by default the left hand side is the 8×10 Provia but you can change this by clicking on the links below (noise reduction has been applied using Imagenomic Noiseware to the second set)
Now the IQ180 result doesn't look particularly great here but this has been enlarged considerably to bring it up to the same size as the 8×10 4000dpi scan. You can see in the image below a 100% view of the area including the Nikon lens and if you click on it you can see the whole of the target area at 100%. You can download a sample of the 8×10 black and white file although be aware that it is a 26Mb zip file.
The studio test is the main result of our work but we can't finish here. We need to take some real pictures in real conditions. It's always been suggested that although you can theoretically get high resolution results out of 4×5 and 10×8, there are lots of compromises in real world use that mean it is unlikely that studio based results can be repeated. Well nearby to our studio work is a handy sandstone edge with a great view to the horizon. The view is from Kildale looking over to Roseberry Topping with the city of Middlesborough in the background. The following picture shows the 4×5 Velvia photograph taken without using a grad (showing more dynamic range than many people would credit Velvia with – the sky was reading about 13EV and the foreground about 5-6EV in the darkest areas).
The one issue with taking images of long distance views is that any difference in focal lengths can't be compensated for by 'just getting a little closer' so we can't use these results as a resolution comparison without taking into account the slight differences in focal length. These differences can be summarised as a 7% advantage for 4×5 and 8×10 over the IQ180, a 20% disadvantage for the Mamiya 7 and a 20% advantage for the Sony A900. In real terms, the 7% advantage for the 4×5 and 8×10 is small enough to be difficult to notice (effectively this is smaller than a 1/10 of a pixel advantage in fine detail) and is equivalent to the difference between 18Mp and 21Mp cameras. The 20% disadvantage for the Mamiya is fairly large and would be noticeable and represents the difference between 10Mp and a 16Mp camera – something people pay a lot of money for!
The idea of this test is more about comparing the way the results are rendered, the tonality and colour. The resolution of the IQ180, 4×5 and 8×10 are close enough in focal lengths that comparing them as 'equivalent' is fine for all but absolute resolution purposes.
The image was taken under quite windy conditions, probably about 20-30 mph with the occasional stronger gust. We used a firmly grounded tripod and a second tripod on the 8×10 supporting the front element. We tried to protect the cameras from the wind with our body (bodies for the 8×10) but it was coming toward the front of the camera so was difficult to stop easily.
We have done basic colour and contrast adjustments to match the images where possible (using the Portra as a baseline) but we made sure that we only use a simple central colour picker for the colour balancing and a simple photoshop curve (two control points) for the contrast. We thought that this would be better than comparing images with vastly different colour balances.
It should be noted in all of these tests that whilst some of the cameras look particularly bad (i.e. the Mamiya 7, P45 and DSLR's) this is only because they are being enlarged a great deal more than you would ever do in a real world situation. These shots on screen represent looking at a 12m by 8m print (assuming screen resolution of 100dpi) or a 6m by 4m print in the cases where the tests are marked by "50%".
All of the extra tests are currently available on the following pages. Please note the following
Sharpening was done with a combination of Smart Sharpen (which uses a deconvolution sharpening depending on size of radius) or Photokit Sharpener. Noise reduction was done with Imagenomic's Noiseware plugin. Additional noise was added to one of the IQ180 scans (noted in the tests) using Photoshop's 'add noise'.
We recorded some video but didn't really do a good enough job to make it into anything exciting but thought it may add some background.
We solicited a few opinions on the results from various photographers who use different platforms discussed which you can read here. I have also written my thoughts on the results combined with a few more calculations and conclusions here.
This article was featured in our bumper christmas issue which you can access here.
Here is the 1Mbps version (click here for iPhone/iPad version)
Or if you are on a slow iPhone/iPad connection you can try a lower bandwidth version by clicking here
Tim Parkin
71 thoughts on "Big Camera Comparison"
Hi Tim,
Thanks for your work. Great piece of information!
Best regards
Erik Kaffehr
A fantastic body of research, this is going to take some digesting. It will be getting some serious attenttion after lunch tomorrow. Thanks for the work you guys have put into this.
Thanks to the in detail explanation of the methodology that alone was interesting and gives one the feeling that the project was in very sober and serious hands. Now I will digest the results with relish. Again kudos to all.
Thankyou for doing this.
Ian Kraus
Fantastically interesting.
A really terrific piece of research. Thanks for all your hard work. Fascinating reading.
PS, all the best for 2012!
– Paul Coghlin
Everything looked great, until you set up LF cameras outside in a gale! I think most 8×10 and even 4×5 shooters would be reticent to even setup in such wind, must less do it for a resolution test. To me, the studio shots on the 8×10 are better than the IQ180 while the it is clearly reversed outside.
Very very interesting thanks a lot for all the work achieved here.
To my eyes 8×10 out resolve anything except for depp shadows where the iq 180 is clearly better.
The iq 180 images are more "clean" but there is few details compared to 8×10 (except in deep shadows)
I am looking at the Topping Houses. But I was looking at the Velvia. Looking at the Portra, the 8×10 was clearly better. Given the very wide dynamic range of Portra, do you think more exposure would have brought out more detail in the dark areas.
There is one more cut you could do using this data – what are the relative print sizes where the difference does not matter? That is the critical question for many of us. Will a m4/3s do as well as an 8×10 for an 8×10 print?:-)
As a black and white film photographer, I really appreciate the inclusion of the Delta images. The most interesting comparison for me was the 8×10 and 4×5 Delta, where the real difference is tonality.
Thanks for the great work!
Regarding Mamiya 7 lenses—for the 40mm equivalent you cite the use of a Mamiya 7 "55mm" lens. This is likely a typo—I think that you meant to cite the Mamiya 7 65mm lens. Correct?
Re. Mamiya 7 lenses—sorry—it was probably the Mamiya 7 50mm lens that was used, not 55mm. (Mamiya 7 lens lineup includes 50mm and 65mm, but there is no 55mm lens available—at least, not to the best of my knowledge.)
Wow, what a test. Thanks for all of your hard work on this. I've gone back to shooting film after 7 years of digital only. A couple of months ago I got my first 10×8 camera. There are so many reasons why I love using film so much but your test confirmed what I keep telling people – digital is convenient compared to using film but not necessarily better.
I'm considering the addition of a 645 or 6×7 MF film system to supplement my 5D Mark II and this comparison has been hugely helpful. Thanks so much for taking the time to put it together. I've only breezed through but will now go back and read the entire post.
Thankyou for such a fascinating and thorough test! I found the luminous landscape test staggeringly naive, on several counts.
I think for many of us the choice of shooting with a view camera and film over a digital body is down to a lot more than resolution, but I am really impressed with the quality of the IQ180, it comes a lot closer to 10×8 quality than I thought it would.
I also found the Mamiya 7 surprisingly impressive, and annoying as I've just sold mine!
I'm most intrigued by the vast difference between the 'ideal studio' and the 'real world' images that are highlighted especially when comparing the IQ180 with the 10×8″.
Pingback: Analog vs. Digital « Jens G.R. Benthien · Photography
Pingback: Deus Ex Macchiato » My first thought on hearing about Kodak
Very Interesting! Thanks for all this work. I find it interesting that the people who mostly work with film feel this test shows strong advantages to film, and those who primarily work with digital find that this test shows digital to hold its own.
A few questions: What contrast level did you require when determining the max resolution reading on the test charts? I can't see any contrast at all on the 8×10 at 14, but I am only looking at the screen image. What is the reading for the 8×10 where the contrast is the same as the IQ180 at 5?
Did you work with any "Photoshop Wizards" to help try to equalize the "look" of the images? For instance, color is almost infinitely controllable in PS. If you are willing to create your own color profiles, you can map any color to "read" the same as a specific film does if you shoot a color test target with both and then build a profile. Also, the perception of sharpness in a print is strongly effected by the presence of "grain", and acuance can easily be reduced if that is your preference. It seems that the IQ180 image could be made virtually identical to the 4×5 print if a highly skilled PS programer was asked to.
Finally, I was wondering how often you shoot your 8×10 at apertures of f/16 or f/22 when making your real photos? (rather then test prints)
Hi Tim
Thank you! The best comparative work I have ever seen regarding film vs digital, formats, films and cameras. Amazing. I used 35mm provia and velvia film for a few years and I now also use digital 35 mm (Nikon D700). Regarding metamerism and particularly the reproduction of greens I think that based on my skills with post processing I would be able to push IQ180 shots further to match Velvia. There is a simple method to work with that makes a huge difference. Would you mind if I work on your file? Perhaps a crop of a critical area would be enough. Shall I send you the results via e-mail?
A truly outstanding write-up. I have bookmarked this and your site. I am often asked in this horrible technical world why I "pay so much for film and development" instead of forking out for a digital body. Having just bought a Hasselblad 501CM, I am happy to have read this. Incdientally, I notice a blad is pictured but not mentioned or used. I'd sure have been interested to see how a V-System Hasselblad with an 80mm Plannar lens would have matched up.
Once again, many thanks for the details. Lots of time and effort has gone into it and I am appreciative of your work.
I think what you are seeing to some degree is diffraction issues.
If you go to this online diffraction calculator:
You can do some computations. What it amounts to is that, for a given depth of field, the max resolution is the same no matter how big the film is or how many megapixels. For example, for f/8 on 35mm format (i.e. full frame), you get a theoretical max of 35 megapixels. Note that digital camera megapixels possibly give only half the resolution as defined by this, so maybe that would be "70mp digital equivalent megapixels."
On 8×10, the equivalent DOF would be near f/64, which gives 29mp of resolvable data. f/16 on 8×10 gives 460mp. If we assume that film has 6mp of resolution for a 35mm frame (conservative), then an 8×10 sheet of film would have about 300mp of resolution.
The gist of the story is, if you have a shallow DOF, your theoretical resolution on 8×10 is incredible, depending on your lenses and so forth. But, in a typical landscape situation where you're using f/64 on 8×10 for deep DOF, you're not getting nearly that much.
Nice comparison.
I just use Hasselblad H4D-60 for highest resolution i want, my DSLRs are fine, but for larger prints then my Hasselblad is the choice for me, i hope to use my 4×5 more in the future, i don't have a drum scanner to get the best out of it or even my film MFs.
Firstly, thank you for the work and sharing it with everyone. I'm just a casual shooter who still have some affinity towards film and always wanted to see test like this done properly as it has been done here. Anyway as to 3d looks, Sigma shooters also say that foveon sensor gives more 3D look. Maybe it has to do with uneven colour resolution of beyer sensors making it less 3D. I don't know whether you know but this site does some colour resolution testing on beyer sensor comparing it to foveon sensor: http://www.ddisoftware.com/sd14-5d/
Thanks, an interesting test for sure. One thing that struck me was the placement of your absolute resolution area so far from the center of the lens. I would think that a fairer position would have been in the center of frame to show the best possible resolution from each lens. I have tested my 35mm lenses and at wide apertures the sharpness and abberations close to the edge are much worse. I would imagine that holds for the IQ180 as well.
Apologies, I went back and watched the video and realised that the second shot of the test target is a crop, must concentrate more Thanks for the insight, a truly remarkable test.
Hey Tim,
Hope you can give a visit to my country UAE, you are welcome here, i want you to come and teach us something about film and scanning, there is no people interested in in, but i need an instructor or expert for that, so if you come over i will be so willing to learn from you, i know 1 or 2 film shooters and sure they are interested in to learn, and i am sure they know many others who are in film side, just if you plan a visit here let me know.
Just great. Thank you Tim!
I have a question: 1600 version, 3 pictures of Mamiya 7 T-Max Microscope, 8000 dpi scan, 4000 dpi scan. On a microscope I can see up to 8, but on a 8000 and 4000 everything equally stops at 5,5 (at my estimate). I wonder how can it be: maybe that was not the best focus for 8000 scan? Thanks again. Al
Thanks for doing this test, wonderful results, and great to have a second opinion on 8×10 vs IQ180. In the past couple of years I've shot on 8×10 with Ilford Grade 3 RC paper for a negative, and then scanned it. I just use an epson flatbed scanner, and the lens I use is just a Symmar (not a Symmar-S). I wondered if you think the results would have even less noticeable grain in a scan from a paper negative? The iso is usually somewhere around .75 – 3, so it seems like paper, perhaps, would have a finer grain? (I also shoot on paper because it's $1/shot instead of $10/shot, and it develops in 2 mins under a safelight instead of in 8 mins in the pitch black. Very convenient). I'd love to hear your thoughts about the grain size (as I don't have drum scanned negatives to compare with)
Interesting that the B&W film could yield higher resolution with different developers, concentrations, times, temperatures, agitations, film choice, exposure. Lots that can be done to optimise results for a certain situation. You could go as far as developing with a lith developer and effectively remove all halftones which I'm sure would yield higher resolution, but i doubt that is practical.
Money wise, i'd point the finger at 4×5 being the best value for money. I think you could get a decent camera and lens for the same price as a mamiya 7 (around £900-£1200).
I feel the added resolution from 10×8 is balanced with the problems of diffraction, vibrations and so on. Its all very subjective. Reasons for shooting 10×8 over 5×4 etc aren't purely for resolution. An analogy used by Stephen Shore described 35mm as having 256 colours, 120 as thousands, and 10×8 as millions. I guess its similar to watching a movie on your iPhone 12inches away, and watching the same movie at an IMAX theatre with the screen 60metres away.
Its important to bear in mind outputs. Most people don't have access to a drum scanner, or imacon. I have an epson v750 which is able to scan a 4×5 sheet of film using a better lens and film holder than for 10×8 which is scanned using a lower quality lens, and on the document glass. So for me, i'd expect the extra resolution gained from shooting 8×10 over 5×4 to be lost from having to use a lower quality scan.
But everything changes again once I'm in my darkroom, especially if i wanted to do 8×10 prints on 9.5×12 paper. 8×10 i could simply contact print. The only losses would come from uneven emulsion of the paper. 5×4 however would need to go through my enlarging lens, losing further resolution, and sharpness. In this test, the 8×10 would be much better.
I know this is not the most empirical test/statement, but its important to assess what is best for you.
It is a little bit ridiculous to talk about one of these formats having "much better" resolution or sharpness on an 8×10 print then the others, when they can all fathfully reproduce objects smaller then 40 microns (0.04 mm) on the print. Trying to push the importance of these numbers past plausibility just convinces me you are more interested in chasing numbers then in making photographs.
I am not saying that there won't be differences between 8×10 prints from the different formats, there will be. They just won't be due to the resolution of the format!
Its hard to argue. Shooting digital is great, as you can tell there and then if your shot is wrong, and reshoot. Or shoot thousands of tests and review the effects of altering a variable.
I benefit from knowing that if i screw up this shot, it will cost me £7. Knowing if i was up the side of a mountain, i only have 10 shots. Shooting film makes you learn a different way. I find i'm more diligent. I look before taking the photo, rather than after.
Improving with digital is one of those things that is different to improving with film. Each is as valid as the other, despite how much moral high ground is attempted to be claimed by each party, polemically.
Duncan, my comment about "in this test, 8×10 would be better" is taking into consideration the loss of resolution and sharpness, vignette, distortion, aberrations etc of the lens being used to enlarge compared to the contact print of the negative and paper sandwiched together.
When i say 'better' i mean in a technical sense. I personally wouldn't regard an image taken on 8×10 to be any more valid than a photo taken on an iPhone. In fact, there are a lot of people who validate their work by using a large format camera, and reeling out the verbatim of viewing an image inverted vertically and horizontally as an aid to composition. I would personally find it refreshing to see someone working seriously with their iPhone.
The point i was trying to make is that you need to find the format best suited to you and your resources. Theres absolutely no point shooting medium format if your scanner can't give you a file better than a 5dMkII – you would simply shoot on a 5D!
I shall keep quiet about the frans lanting comment. Making multiple images in pursuit of one, is one approach. In your eyes you may be 'distilling' the subject, but to me, i'd probably say 'stagnant'.
David, Thank you for your considered comment.
I quite agree with you about "Improving with digital is one of those things that is different to improving with film." It is the nature of art that each decision you make effects the final outcome of the artwork produced, and often in ways that we can not predict before it is made. They are different, and equally valid means to creative outlet. They force you to think in different ways, just like the differences between writing a novel is different then writing poetry is different from writing a column for a newspaper, or hand writing on a pad of paper is different from typing into a computer. Here an XKCD comic seems relevant to me: http://xkcd.com/1045/
In the discussion about the contact print vs the enlarged 4×5… I understand the theoretical improvement, but my comment was that I doubt the differences would be visible to the unaided human eye unless there is something wrong with your enlargement system.
I wholeheartedly agree with your statement "you need to find the format best suited to you and your resources." Absolutely! and also the format that makes you excited to go out and shoot! If it isn't about passion and excitement, why are you doing it!
Funny you say "Stagnant" as the images he discusses are all very different, with greatly varying angle of view, subject, lighting, distance, etc.
Anyway David, we are mostly in agreement, aside from the visibility of resolution differences in 8×10 prints. I hope you find success!
"However, for landscape it's a different matter where Gem Southam, John Blakemore, Peter Dombrovskis, Eliot Porter, Christopher Burkett, Ansel Adams and pretty much every other large and medium format photographer managed without digital to get some OK images. "
it was nice to see Peter Dombrovskis get a mention. He's sadly missed, now, but his remarkable body of large format transparency images captured with his Linhof 5×4 continue to inspire and were also crucial in preserving large tracts of Tasmanian wilderness for future generations.
Pingback: New Article on Large Format Film and Digital Comparisons | Black and White Photography
Where is the CONCLUDING paragraph? I can't read through all this…
Hi Tim
Phase One IQ260 (March 2013).
Would be interesting for you to set up again and compare IQ260 results.
Also, Capture One Pro V7 has an amazing new algorithm to capture finest nuances of shadow and highlight detail.


text:
Unable to view this video? Click here to watch.
Rangers defenseman John Moore has played solid hockey since arriving from Columbus two weeks ago. And on Tuesday morning he told Jim Cerny from BlueshirtsUnited.com just how much he has enjoyed playing in these playoff-like games, like Saturday's on Long Island, and tonight's in Philadelphia---the first really important games in his career he has played in down the stretch of a season.
Watch this one-on-one with John Moore as he discusses a variety of topics, then share your comments below.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I love to feature the work of many different crochet artists here on this blog, from the small to the large, the conceptual to the realistic. I like all different types of crochet art, but you can't deny that some pieces stand out above the rest in terms of just being extreme crochet.
{ 3 comments }


text:
Don't get us wrong: Forest Park is a jewel. Larger than Central Park, our urban oasis sees more visitors each year than the Gateway Arch and Busch Stadium combined. We totally understand why folks organizing St. Louis' 250th birthday party want to host it at Forest Park over Valentine's Day weekend ... More >>
In announcing his veto of Missouri's Second Amendment Preservation Act, Governor Jay Nixon, a Democrat, argued that the state can't simply pass a law directly violating the United States Constitution. The proposal in question was a controversial effort to ban the enforcement of federal gun policies ... More >>
We didn't find Abby Wambach amid the stacks of GOP yard signs, but 300 or so STL-area Republicans were on hand to celebrate their slate and revel in partisan glory... however premature.
Stuff Unreal likes! Plus: We smoke and run and picture Abe Lincoln on a Segway.
The Moonlight Ramble is back, and this time it's bringing bagels
He scaled an intellectual Everest at age twelve. What's he like at sixteen? Meet George Thampy.
The brouhaha surrounding this year's World Agricultural Forum said a lot about St. Louis. And a lot of what it said wasn't very good.
In less than four years, Grant Williams has turned a weak union local into one of Missouri's most potent political forces. So why's he placing all his bets on One-Term Bob?
Artist Soo Sunny Park is stubborn about the kind of art she wants to make and how she makes it. That could be a problem.
Week of July 25, 2001
Week of June 20, 2001
Published the week of July 26-August 1, 2000
New art inspired by old times


text:
Find Online Colleges
Find Campus Colleges
Choose a County
Albany, Allegany, Broome, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Chemung, Chenango, Clinton, Columbia, Cortland, Delaware, Dutchess, Erie, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Genesee, Greene, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Livingston, Madison, Monroe, Montgomery, Nassau, New York City, Niagara, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Orange, Orleans, Oswego, Otsego, Putnam, Rensselaer, Rockland, Saratoga, Schenectady, Schoharie, Schuyler, Seneca, St. Lawrence, Steuben, Suffolk, Sullivan, Tioga, Tompkins, Ulster, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Westchester, Wyoming, Yates
New York Counties
New York CountiesThere are 62 counties in the State of New York. The first twelve counties in New York were created immediately after the British annexation of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, although two of these counties have since been abolished. The most recent county formation in New York was in 1912, when Bronx County was created from the portions of New York City that had been annexed from Westchester County. New York's counties are named for a variety of Native American words, British provinces, cities, and royalty, early American statesmen and generals, and state politicians.
Clinton County, New York
Clinton County History, Geography, Demographics, Cities and Towns, and Education
Etymology - Origin of County Name
Clinton County named in honor of George Clinton, first governor of the state.
County QuickFacts: Census Bureau Quick Facts
County History
When counties were established in New York State in 1683, the present Clinton County was part of Albany County. This
was an enormous county, including the northern part of New York State as well as all of the present State of Vermont
and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. This county was reduced in size on July 3, 1766 by the creation
of Cumberland County, and further on March 16, 1770, by the creation of Gloucester County, both containing territory now
in Vermont. On March 12, 1772, what was left of Albany County was split into three parts, one remaining under the name
Albany County. One of the other pieces, Charlotte County, contained the eastern portion.
Clinton County in the north easternmost corner of New York State bordering Canada on the north and Lake Champlain
on the east borders the great invasion route, the Kyber Pass of the North American Continent. This north-south
route: this depression in the Appalachian Chain between the rich coastal plain of the Atlantic Seaboard and the
arterial St Lawrence and Great Lakes giving access to the heart of the American Continent is just one half mile off
our shores. Geography predestines the history of an area and our geographical location has given our Clinton County
a heritage in historical events that shaped the early United States of America.
Full History at NYSAC
Clinton County is in the northeastern part of New York State, just west of Vermont and south of the Canadian
province of Quebec. The eastern boundary of Clinton County is Lake Champlain, which serves as the New York-Vermont
border. The Ausable River forms a large part of the south county line.
Neighboring Counties:
Cities and Towns:
County Resources:
Enter County Resources and Information Here
County Resources
The history of our nation was a prolonged struggle to define the relative roles and powers of our governments: federal, state, and local. And the names given the counties, our most locally based jurisdictions, reflects the "characteristic features of this country!"
Search to find colleges that could be a match for you. View colleges and add them to your list of colleges to see your chances of admission.


text:
Let me preface what I'm about to write with the fact that I'm an enormous Cook's Illustrated fan. I love their magazine and cookbooks and all their recipes are almost always surefire.
That said, when "Farmhouse Veggie Soup" won the poll last week, I was expecting to read a recipe involving slow-simmering stocks and farm-raised veggies.
After all, I have a hard time calling a recipe "Farmhouse" unless it's actually cooked in a farmhouse. Or at a minimum it should use all fresh ingredients.
When I think of a farmhouse veggie soup, I imagine an old grandmother slowly stirring a pot of stock that's been simmering for hours. She carefully stirs in hand-picked veggies from outside her back door while her lazy dogs lounge around the kitchen.
What doesn't come to mind is a test cook in a cooking laboratory mixing soy sauce and powdered porcini mushrooms to get the same deep flavors that the grandmother gets.
It's not to say that the later version isn't completely delicious (it is), but calling it "Farmhouse" makes me feel icky.
So I'm renaming it Cheater's Veggie Soup. Because that's really what it is.
Cheater's Vegetable Soup
- 1 Tablespoon dried porcini mushroom powder
- 8 Sprigs fresh parsley + 3 Tablespoons chopped
- 4 Sprigs fresh thyme
- 1 Bay leaf
- 4 Tablespoons unsalted butter
- 2 Large leeks, 1/2 inch slices
- 2 Carrots, peeled and diced
- 2 Ribs celery, diced
- 1/2 Cup white wine
- 1 Tablespoon soy sauce
- 6 Cups water
- 4 Cups vegetable stock
- 1/2 Cup pearl barley
- 2 Cloves garlic, minced
- 1 1/2 pounds potatoes, peeled and cut into 1/2 inch pieces
- 1 turnip, peeled and diced into 1/2 inch pieces
- 1/2 green cabbage, diced
- 1 Cup frozen peas
- 1 Teaspoon lemon juice
- Serve with:
- Crusty Bread
- Lemon Thyme butter (1 stick butter mashed with 1 Tablespoon fresh thyme, zest from 1/2 lemon, and a pinch of salt)
Helpful Equipment
1) In a spice grinder, grind a handful of dried mushrooms for 25-30 seconds until they are powdered. Measure out a Tablespoon of the powder.
2) Use kitchen twine to tie together parsley and thyme sprigs with bay leaf.
3) Melt butter in a large, sturdy pot (dutch oven works well) over medium heat. Add leeks, carrots, celery, white wine and soy sauce, plus a big pinch of salt. Cook until liquid is evaporated and veggies are soft, about 10 minutes.
4) Add water, broth, barley, mushroom powder, herb bundle, and garlic. Increase heat and bring to a simmer. Reduce heat and simmer for 25 minutes, partially covered.
5) Add potatoes, turnips, and cabbage. Cook until tender, about 20 minutes.
6) Remove soup from heat and stir in peas and chopped parsley. Remove herb bundle. Season with salt and pepper.
Serve with crusty bread and lemon-thyme butter.
Adapted from a Cook's Illustrated Recipe
Some Whacky Ingredients
This recipe is kind of wild, but with good reason. Most cooks know that the way to make the best homemade soup is to start with a really good homemade stock. Without this, you're already playing catch-up.
But this recipe ingeniously compensates for the lack of a homemade stock with a few ingredients that have a delicious, savory flavor: dried mushrooms and soy sauce. Just a small amount of both of these gives the soup a really deep flavor so you can actually use store-bought stock and still end up with a fantastic soup.
The first ingredient, porcini mushroom powder, is a bit weird. Luckily, it's actually really easy to make. Just stick a few dried mushrooms in your spice grinder and pulse them for about 30 seconds. BAM. Mushroom powder.
Soy sauce and white wine also give the soup some great flavors.
Normally, when you make a good stock, you let some herbs simmer in the stock, but for this soup, we'll just throw the herb bundle straight into the soup when we add the store-bought stock.
Starting the Soup
Most of the actual vegetables in this soup are pretty straightforward. One thing I was really happy to see was the substitution of leeks for onions. Onions can quickly overpower a soup so the leeks are a great change. They have that same flavor profile, but aren't quite as strong.
The key part to remember about chopping leeks is to make sure you cut them in half horizontally and run them under water to clean the dirt out between the layers of leeks. Then you can just dice them up.
Also dice up some celery and carrots and you're ready to get started on the soup.
Using a heavy pot, like a dutch oven, melt some butter over medium-high heat and then toss in your leeks, carrots, and celery. Also add in the white wine, soy sauce, and a big pinch of salt.
Cook this until the liquids all evaporate and the veggies are starting to soften.
Then go ahead and stir in the water, mushroom powder, herb bundle, stock, garlic, and barley.
The barley is especially important. As it plumps up, it really thickens the soup nicely.
Bring this to a simmer and let it simmer for about 20-25 minutes so the barley can start to cook.
The Starchy Stuff
While that's simmering away, you can prepare the starchy stuff in the soup: potatoes, turnips, and cabbage. Ok. Cabbage isn't exactly a starch, but you add it with the starchy stuff so it gets lumped in for purposes of this soup.
Once your soup has simmered for 20 minutes or so, then you can stir in those veggies.
Continue to simmer the soup until the veggies are all tender and the barley is cooked. This will probably be another 20 minutes or so.
Finishing the Soup
To finish off this soup, once all the veggies are soft, kill the heat and stir in some frozen peas and fresh parsley. Now would also be a good time to taste the soup for seasoning. It might need another pinch of salt and pepper.
Serve this up immediately with some really crusty bread.
It's a perfect soup for the fall and you can actually make it on a week day thanks to some of the shortcuts in the recipe.
I'm not sure that I would exactly call it "Farmhouse", but I would call it a keeper!


text: Selawik 2nd Class City in the Northwest Arctic Borough Community Details Area Type Community Current Population 872 Population Comment 2013 DCCED Certified Estimate Pronunciation/Other Names (sell' uh wick) Community's Judicial District 2 Recording District Kotzebue Census Designated Place (CDP) Yes Borough/Census Area FIPS Code 188 Place FIPS 68230 Geography and Climate Location Selawik is located at the mouth of the Selawik River, where it empties into Selawik Lake, about 90 miles east of Kotzebue. It lies 670 miles northwest of Anchorage. The city is near the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge, a key breeding and resting spot for migratory waterfowl. Climate The community is located in the transitional climate zone. Temperatures average -10 to 15 °F during winter and 40 to 65 °F during summer. Temperature extremes have been recorded from -50 to 83 °F. Annual snowfall averages 35 to 40 inches, with 10 inches of precipitation. The Selawik River is navigable from early June to mid-October. Community Map Available Yes Map URL http://commerce.alaska.gov/dnn/dcra/PlanningLandManagement/CommunityProfileMaps.aspx Latitude 66.6039 Longitude -160.0069 Sq Mi Land 2.50 Sq Mi Water 0.90 History and Culture History Lt. L.A. Zagoskin of the Imperial Russian Navy first reported the village in the 1840s as "Chilivik." Ivan Petroff counted 100 "Selawigamute" people in his 1880 census. Selawik is an Eskimo name for a species of fish. Around 1908, the site had a small wooden schoolhouse and church. The village has continued to grow and has expanded across the Selawik River onto three banks, linked by bridges. Selawik incorporated as a first-class city in 1974 but in 1977 changed to a second-class city government. Culture Selawik is an Inupiat Eskimo community active in traditional subsistence fishing and hunting. Federally Recognized Tribe Yes Name of Federally Recognized Tribe Native Village of Selawik Local Option Restrictions Ban sale and importation of alcohol. Facilities, Utilities, and Health Care Municipal Facilities & Utilities Watering Point, Piped Sewer, HoneyBucket Hauling, Electric (AVEC), Landfill, Police and State Funded Public Safety Officer, Volunteer Fire, Public Safety Office, Multi Purpose Facility, Cable TV, Roads, Bingo Economy Subsistence Yes Number of Commercial Fishing Permit Holders 4 Number of Commercial Fishing Permits Issued 4 CDQ Participant No Gallon of Heating Fuel Gallon of Gasoline Local Labor Market Info URL http://live.laborstats.alaska.gov/alari/index.cfm?r=4&b=19&p=283&goplace=go Transportation Transportation Selawik is accessible by plane and barge. The Roland Norton Memorial Airport provides a gravel runway owned by the city. The state also owns a gravel airstrip with a crosswind strip. Scheduled flights are available to Kotzebue and area villages. Docking facilities and a barge landing area exist. Freight is shipped upriver from Kotzebue each summer by Crowley Marine Services. Boardwalks have been constructed within the village. Boats, ATVs, and snow machines are prevalent forms of local travel. Harbor/Dock Yes State Ferry No Cargo Barge Yes Road Connection No Coastal No Legislative Districts Community's Senate District T Community's House District 40 Municipal Powers Incorporation Type 2nd Class City


text:
|not specified
|Member Since
|May 19, 2012
|Votes Received
i like sitting in coffee shops and train stations.
Charmer (A Damon Salvatore novel)So my name's Maya Shianora. I died aged 16 but came back from the dead, and i'll die again aged 17 but come back again; only to live forever. I've known St... read more
Archive Of Tianna Reed
Save MeLiberte's a pretty broken girl, but doesn't show it. Things seem to change when new english teacher Johnny Shore grace's the school hallways. As Liberte descends on a route of tee... read more


text:
In a charming, Victorian–style building, staffers blast away unwanted tattoos, encroaching toe fungus, and skin blemishes such as age spots and stretch marks using state of the art Nd:Yag Q-switched lasers. During free consultations, certified laser technicians assess the proper course of treatment, discuss any medical concerns, and answer the question of whether lasers can remove wine stains from clothing. In addition to wielding lasers, technicians also harness ultrasound technology to fend off cellulite, and they knead the abdomen using chi nei tsang, a specialized massage meant to stimulate the lymphatic and circulatory systems.
Soft music banishes quotidian concerns at Dr. Nancy's Day Spa, where Dr. Nancy MacDonald clears skin with botanically derived facials and heals clients with chiropractic care. An exfoliating papaya-enzyme peel fuzzes out scars and aging spots, and the one-two punch of a microdermabrasion with mini facial is especially effective on clients with acne-prone skin. The doctor's chiropractic adjustments align spines and rescue pinched nerves so that clients don't have to forage for replacement skeletons in the Neander Valley. Scents of lavender and warm french vanilla waft through the air inside the spa, joining with the purple walls to recall sunny Provençal fields.
A team of hairstylists, skin experts, and one talented nail technician works its aesthetic magic between Simplicity Salon & Spa?s deep-red walls and sleek-tiled floor. Always up-to-date on the latest styles, techniques, and booster shots, the salon?s stylists snip and color strands and add floor-sweeping length with extensions. The resident nail tech works nearby, treating tired dogs to an indulgent foot facial and decorating digits with nail art. Meanwhile, inside a private spa room, aestheticians and massage therapists erase stress with three types of facials, full-body salt scrubs, and Swedish, deep-tissue, and hot-stone massages.
Hairstylist Kristie Bevis works alongside the skilled hair and beauty specalists of Gypsy Parlour. When she isn't highlighting tresses or styling manes to look like celebrities in magazines or mug shots, Kristie is straightening locks with protein-rich keratin by Coppola.
Water swirls around a washbasin at Luxe Salon & Spa, draining away Bumble and bumble products from hair as clients rest on comfy reclining seats. Exposed brick walls and hardwood floors surround them, lending the space a loft-like aesthetic, and hanging steel lights illuminate a row of swiveling chairs where stylists set to work. Here, the beauty experts pamper guests with salon services such as color treatments, hair extensions, and blowouts. The salon also offers mani-pedis, waxing treatments, and eyelash extensions that make eyes pop more than rimming them with highlighter.
Dawn Curry has worked in the beauty industry for seven years, with experience ranging from applying cosmetics for television appearances to teaching styling techniques to other professionals. Now, patrons of Southern Roots Salon get the full benefit of her experience. She transforms hues with Pravana coloring products, snips tresses into flattering styles, and infuses strands with highlights and lowlights to create dimension. Turquoise furniture and salvaged doors with distressed paint create a chic Bohemian vibe inside the salon.


text:
Novel phosphoric acid doped radiation-grafted proton conducting membranes for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Işıkel Şanlı, Lale and Taş, Sinem and Yürüm, Yuda and Alkan Gürsel, Selmiye (2012) Novel phosphoric acid doped radiation-grafted proton conducting membranes for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. (Submitted)
Full text not available from this repository.
Even though there are several studies to investigate the alternative and cost competitive proton-exchange membranes to improve the overall polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) efficiency and material cost, very few of them can achieve this aim. In this study, radiation-induced grafting method has been employed for the synthesis of proton-exchange membranes using monomers 4-vinyl pyridine (4VP), 2-vinyl pyridine (2VP), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) followed by phosphoric acid doping. It is also observed that this method is appropriate for cost competitive bulk scale production of the expensive electrolyte membrane. Phosphoric acid that provides Grotthuss transport mechanism in proton mobilization is used to transform the graft copolymers to the high temperature membrane state, thus ETFE-g-P4VP, ETFE-g-PNVP and ETFE-g-P2VP phosphoric acid doped new high temperature membranes have been investigated for PEMFC applications. Resultant proton-exchange membranes are verified with their proton conductivity, water uptake, mechanical properties and phosphorous distribution that enhance the proton conductivity. In conclusion, ETFE-g-P4VP phosphoric acid doped proton-exchange membranes exhibit promising proton conductivity and mechanical properties comparing with other high temperature fuel cell membranes i.e., PBI based membranes. This conveys a flexible alternative to the commercial high temperature proton conducting membranes. It should be noted that ETFE-g-P4VP membranes are also good alternatives for moderate temperature PEMFC operations and candidate to be replaced by commercial membranes, such as Nafion®. These membranes also hold promise for use other applications such as water desalination. The synthesis approach presented may contribute to manufacture cost competitive membranes to expedite PEMFC commercialization.
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text:
The Good Wife Promo: "Foreign Affairs"by Steve Marsi at . Comments
On this week's installment of the The Good Wife, a former partner passed away, a familiar face returned to challenge the firm and make Alicia a tempting offer, and Will contemplated a change in his life choices. You can read all about it in our review.
Looking ahead to next week, are more potentially game-changing events on tap?
Lockhart/Gardner reps a small drilling contractor in a dispute against an oil conglomerate. All goes according to plan until a South American dictator takes over the case.
Meanwhile, the election results are in ...
Steve Marsi is the Managing Editor of TV Fanatic. Follow him on Google+ or email him here.Tags: The Good Wife, Spoilers
Never have I seen an episode where I felt fear for a TV character as I did for Alicia when she moved Peter into his own apartment. Peter drew a line in the sand once his back was up against the wall, knowing Alicia was NOT going to reconcile. He is going after her with everything he's got. I fear that he will take her down--like have her disbarred--type of take down. He will hurt her where it really counts. And that take-no-prisoners conniving Mother-n-law will be his accomplice. I can't wait to see Peter and Will go head-to-head! You just know that Will is gonna save his lady love, and he proved to us this season that he CAN play dirty ( having Blake rough up that Psychologist). I cannot wait to see the follow-up to this VERY dark episode!


text:
SARF (The Social Action & Research Foundation) is an independent think-tank that co-produces policy and shapes decisions to eradicate poverty in all its guises. We are connected to communities and use strategic influence to further our work.
SARF empowers local communities to develop innovative solutions that aim to eradicate poverty. We achieve this through translating policy for communities to be able to access and through developing action research and collaboration.
As a social enterprise, SARF will invest in creative projects that benefit our communities and challenge mainstream approaches in order to provide innovative solutions.
Click HERE to find out what we do…


text:
Fruity, candy vanilla. A lovely bright zippy scent and still somehow formal. I like this one, and I'm not a fan of fruity florals. Can get very sweet on me (my skin amps sweet) so won't be a summer day scent.
I've worn La Petite Robe Noire several times and i keep thinking of things to write a helpful review. After several wearings i think i can finally offer a good review. Since i first started wearing this the very first thing it reminds me of is tobacco leaves or just downright cigarette smoke. During this phase of the scent it is very masculine smelling. After a while, though, the smokey scent disappears and is replaced by fruits. Cherries and pomegranites to be exact and that is the color of the bottle too. A nice shade of red/pink with a pretty black dress. It lasts a decent amount of time on the skin too which i really like. All in all a wonderful scent. Also, La Petite Robe Noire is just ever-so-slightly masculine.
I very nearly passed this one by due to my fruity florals prejudice. I like fruit but in a bowl with ice cream, not behind my ears. Still I got a sample and although I dislike the black cherry topnote, I love the drydown which is spicy and warm. It has a lovely anise note combined with almond. The black tea note prevents it from venturing into sickly territory. All in all, very well worked out and balanced as I would expect from the house of Guerlain. One lippie off for staying power though. I have the edp and sp is only a couple of hours. Notes from Fragrantica are:
black cherry, bergamot, red berries and almond. Bulgarian and Turkish roses rule the heart, further developing with notes of licorice and smoked black tea. Aniseed, tonka bean, vanilla, iris and patchouli form the base.
5 out of 6 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
Many scents are "fun and fruity," but can come off as smelling cheap. I think this scent succeeds in being fruity and youthful while still maintaining some sophistication. I think the tea note achieves this. I have the eau de toilette, so it might smell different to others, but while I'm wearing it during the day, I definitely get a strong black cherries note, but also alternating whiffs of tea, pine, and wood. Somehow it does smell very piney to me, but luckily I love that scent. If you like the smell of black cherries, tea, and pine, this scent is for you! I sometimes get scared of perfumes claiming to have base notes of patchoulli or musk, but I didn't really notice these scents. Perhaps in the parfum it is more noticeable. I think black cherries is a unique scent and it's perfect for springtime!
Plus, the bottle is adorable if you are into that. It's beautiful to have on my vanity.
4 out of 4 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I'm in love with this perfume. It is the mature kind of sweet/fruity/amber-y, so it remains sophisticated. For the record, I am usually never into the nauseating sugary, fruity, synthetic smelling fragrances. This one is an unusual scent, it really smells frisky and sweet but in a refined, mature way. My long, exhausting hunt for my next signature perfume stops here.
3 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
Wow. This is a huge mess on my skin. Some cherry coke and lemon opening soon to be mixed with Greek ouzo or Turkish raki -basically anise overdose and connotations of a sad hangover. All in a bakery setting. Congrats Guerlain.
3 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I can see why some have compared this one to Lolita Lempicka. Both have that fruity sweetness with a deeper amber type drydown. This Guerlain however replaces the anise note of Lolita for a cherry note that is fruity while not being overly sugary. I love the tea note in this, it is evident from beginning to end. This scent lasted over eight hours on me, so for lasting power and how smoothly the notes went from top to drydown, this fragrance is very well done. However, this fragrance is not for me anymore. I have worn fragrances like Lolita and others similar for over a decade and I guess I'm over that style now. Its a nice fragrance if you're looking for a warm fruity floral with an ambery drydown though....
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I was shocked by this perfume...in a bad way. I have loved most of Guelain's perfumes. Sure I may not choose to wear some of them but I can appreciate them. This...nope no sell.
It felt I had strayed into the "celebrity fragrance" section of the fragrance department. Sweet, fruity, blackcurrant...just no from me on this one.
Wow very unusual ! Smells like sweet incense...just beautiful. I had a tiny sample of this and the first time I wore it my boyfriend said he loved it and it made him think of a 'Maiden'. It's heady, sweet, musky and very sensual. Similar to Lolita.
This makes me feel very sexy and is an evening perfume and prob most suited to winter months as it's so warm and cocooning.
The only down point is the price which is about £42 for 30ml but it's worth it as a little goes a long way :-)
After trying this in the store (stored right under bright fluorescent lighting, tester who knows how old) I still LOVED the fragrance.
Once I received a fresh sealed, properly stored bottle as a gift from my boyfriend, I have my "signature" scent.
I run very hot and usually can not be bothered with wearing perfume as they do not last long.
La Petite Robe Noir lasts all day and night for me with a light application and I can still enjoy it!
The black cherry and smoky tea stands out most for me, and it is refreshing to have a gourmet scent which is not vanilla or musk based, nor overly sweet. All the right notes for me. I prefer to buy the $10 "sample" jars to ensure a fresh bottle as opposed to having a full sized bottle sit on my vanity for a long time.
EDIT: I should also mention that I am a big tea drinker-and I dont mean the floor sweepings one expects to find at the grocery store. The scent was on par with estate teas I have drunk from India.
3 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No


text:
STEVENS POINT, Wis. (WSAU) -- Portage County deputies are asking for your help in solving a string of burglaries.
Four businesses were burglarized the night of February 10th. They're the One Stop Mattress Shop, Beaver of WI, Mid-State Independent Living, and the Dime and Dollar Thrift Shop. A 2014 grey Toyota Camry was also stolen but recovered.
If you have any information into these burglaries, contact Portage County Crimestoppers at 1-888-346-6600. You can remain anonymous and may be eligible for a cash reward.


text:
If you have the privilege of visiting San Francisco during the holiday season, I'd love to share our family favorites, which may inspire your next holiday tradition!
(photo: Wild Dunes Resort) Have you vowed to make the most of the four-day Thanksgiving weekend this year? For a growing number of families, that m...
From train shows, to ice skating, to Radio City's famous Rockettes, we show you how to enjoy the most wonderful time of the year in the Big Apple.
It's that time of year again. The Airfarewatchdog team has been hard at work crunching numbers to determine the best domestic airlines. (In case you m...
You may disagree with their politics, television choices or the way they parent their children, but it's not your place to interject your own preferences and particular parenting style. You are a guest, not a voting member of the immediate family. Even if you are the grandmother!
The holidays are just around the corner, which means the window for finding affordable Thanksgiving and Christmas airfare is rapidly shrinking. The good news is there are still some tricks to saving money and your sanity, on your holiday travel.
Travelzoo's Deal Experts have compiled Top Tips for Holiday Travel, a collection of expert advice to help travelers alleviate the stress of, and save money on, holiday travel.
As Thanksgiving fast approaches, many people will be planning trips to see friends and relatives both close to home and across the country. If you're thinking about going somewhere different or even starting a new Turkey Day tradition, there are a variety of fantastic places, from San Francisco to Negril, Jamaica, which offer attractions, history, events, and even traditional Thanksgiving fare for the whole family.
The Thanksgiving holiday is still a ways away, but the race to book reasonably priced airfare has already begun. Not all hope is lost, however -- there are still plenty of great fares to go around if you're strategic about finding them.
Featuring everything from idyllic Mediterranean getaways to the breathtaking landscapes of Scandinavia, here's the list of Europe Hottest Summer Destinations for 2013, straight from thousands of real travelers.
Independence Day fireworks are a great American tradition -- so why stay home to watch the festivities? Here's a list of the best hotels with the highest "Boom Factor," offering the best vantage points to watch the sky sparkle this 4th of July.
Fireworks were present on the first celebration of Independence Day, making them a historic and iconic tribute to America's inception -- a loud, beautiful, diverse assortment of lights in the sky that aptly unites the crowds of people celebrating below them.
With the Fourth of July falling on a Thursday this year, millions of families are planning a four-day break to celebrate the holiday. Looking for a place to get your red, white, and blue on? Here are six standout July 4th celebrations in the USA.
Of course your dad is a family man, but this Father's Day why don't you give him a little break from the tots and chaos by sending him on a mancation?
There's something different about St. Bart's than any other Island in the Caribbean. Part of the French West Indies, it feels much more as if you're in France, but if France happened to be an Island.
To get a true taste of the essence of Italy, many travelers take to the countryside to explore the rustic villages and sprawling vineyards which have made Italy synonymous with old-world charm.


text:
Grout Restoration
Online Exclusive
Restroom Deep Cleaning And Repairs
Steps operations can follow during summer restroom projects.
June 6, 2014Read More
Online Exclusive
Tips For Cleaning Dingy Grout
Industry experts offer up best practices for battling this common restroom challenge.
February 7, 2014Read More
Ask The Experts
ICAN/ATEX: What kind of equipment is recommened for tile floors?
October 4, 2013
October 2013 Cover Story
Dingy Grout — You're Out!
Retiring restroom grout discoloration using modern equipment and methods.
October 4, 2013Read More
December 2012 Products And Services
Grout Cleaning
Gator Cleaning Products LLC
December 5, 2012
Ask The Experts
ICAN/ATEX: How do I restore damaged ceramic tiles in restrooms?
November 6, 2012Read More


text:
A new study demonstrates a complicated relationship between cuckoos and crows in Spain.
Posts Tagged 'predators'
Cuckoo for CrowsMonday, March 24th, 2014
SharksuckersWednesday, August 7th, 2013
Remoras are hitching a ride to Shark Week!
Local LionsFriday, July 12th, 2013
Scientists are learning more about the movements of local mountain lions to understand how we can better share our California habitats.
Articles by Tag
WP Cumulus Flash tag cloud by Roy Tanck and Luke Morton requires Flash Player 9 or better.


text:
Now you can replace that old keyboard and mouse with the updated Microsoft (805529988811) Wireless Optical Desktop 1000 mouse and keyboard package. Circuit City has it for a steat, which is $54 – $24 instant savings = $30 Shipped!
- Optical mouse and ergonomic keyboard in one package
- Keyboard features 'media' keys
- Compatible with Windows and Macs
Buy it: Microsoft Wireless Optical Desktop 1000 – $30


text:
Tayrona National Park
Tayrona National Park, Colombia
Photos from Tayrona National ParkPictures of Tayrona National Park (2,112)
Hotel Deals in Tayrona National Park
Videos from Tayrona National ParkTayrona National Park Videos (11)
Travel Blogs from Tayrona National ParkTayrona National Park Travel Blogs (105)
Back in ...
The Lost City or not?
... vegetation. We join Laurel, a Kiwi girl who is also doing the Ciudad Perdida hike, and all go on a day trip to Tayrona National Park, a few hours further east along the coast. You are dropped off at the park entrance and have to hike for one hour through ...
Jungle Beach Beauty
Beautiful Tayrona National Park is situated on Colombia's Caribbean coast a stone's throw from Santa Marta. It boast's some of South America's most stunning coastline. Created as far back as 1864 due not only to it's ecological value but for it's cultural ...


text:
Cool Halloween Costumes For Men
Quick (And Unique) Costume Ideas For Dudes
Page 3 of 3
MonsterHalloween is to monsters as Christmas is to mind-numbed mall drones, so why not celebrate them? The problem is monsters have become as clichéd as superheroes, so try to hone in on one particular monster and add a twist. Want to go as a vampire? Put in some fangs, wear denim, tears and a broken heart, and you can be cuckolded Pacific-Northwest-undead-heartthrob Robert Pattinson, aka Edward Cullen. Prefer zombies? Pop culture is lousy with them these days, so try to make your costume stand out a bit. Try going as a zombiefied celeb attempting a pathetic career resurrection (Axl Rose? Billy Corgan?) or as a well-known zombie, and by that, we mean one particular zombie, not someone who was well known before they became a zombie. Shane from The Walking Dead is an excellent example; it would just involve dressing as a zombie in a cop's uniform, with a knife wound in your chest and a bullet hole in your head.
Current EventsCostumes based on current events can be fun because they are by definition fresh but risky because they get old fast. One idea that may be perfect for this Wednesday could be a Frankenstorm: a soaking wet and disheveled Frankenstein monster, or a Frankenstein holding a blown-out umbrella and bedraggled raincoat — whatever you can come up with.
And while you should probably avoid going as either candidate (although the Paul Ryan workout look is getting lots of traction), there's still political fun to be had. Big Bird in peril, binders full of women, something you built — read the news, if only for costume ideas. Just don't go as anything that's even remotely connected to Todd Akin. That'd be too scary and too creepy, even for Halloween.


text:
Bibble 5.2.3 is a significant update, adding support for 16 new cameras, adding RAW Noise reduction and Impulse Noise removal, adds an Open in External Editor feature, and improves color rendering.
Bibble 5.2.2 provides broader RAW file support, improved stability, and resolves minor issues found in previous releases of Bibble 5. Bibble 5.2.2 add support for Canon's sRAW and mRAW formats, Nikon's D1x, and Sony's a290 and a390 cameras, and resolves the issues found below.
Bibble 5.2.1 brings RAW file support for Canon's latest two dSLR's, the 600D (T3i or Kiss X5) and the 1100D (T3 or Kiss X50). This release also resolves several issues in previous versions of Bibble, as shown below.
Bibble 5.2 is a major update, adding major new features, 14 new cameras, many small features and improvements, and resolving several issues discovered in previous versions. New cameras supported include Pentax K-5 and K-r, Canon S95 and G12, Nikon D3100, D7000, and P7000, Olympus E-5, E-PL1s, E-PL2 and Panasonic LX5, GH2, and GF2 and Ricoh GXR P10
Selective Editing gained several major improvements in this release as well, including the following:
Many other improvements were made to many portions of the application, which include the following:
Bibble 5.1.1 brings RAW file support for 8 new camera models, and improves automatic lens detection. Several minor releases were made after 5.1.0, continually improving color and stability of Bibble 5 as well.
This major update add several exciting new features, like Healing & Cloning built into Bibble 5's Layers & Regions tools, and Perfectly Clear - one touch image optimization - build with technology from Athentech. This release also adds Web Gallery output, an auto-contrast feature, and much, much more.
This release is focused on adding support for two new, exciting cameras: Canon's new 550D (also known as the EOS Rebel T2i or Kiss X4) and Olympus's new E-PL1
Just weeks since our last update, and we're back at it; this time with a huge number of newly supported camera RAW formats. And no release would be complete without at least one new feature, so we've added Soft Proofing, too!
Just one month after the initial release of Bibble 5 Pro, we are already releasing our first update! Version 5.0.1 adds support for Canon's new flagship camera, the 1D Mark IV and for Olympus' E-P2, and adds a one-click tool to set black / gray / white points, and includes Andrea - the Film Simulation plug-in from Sean Puckett (nexi.com/andrea).


text:
MILWAUKEE (WKOW) – An exhibit at the Milwaukee Art Museum will display the evolution of color photography in the 20th century.
The exhibit will explore the historical developments from 1907 to 1981 that led to color photography becoming the norm in popular culture and fine art.
The exhibit, called "Color Rush: 75 Years of Color Photography in America," runs Feb. 22 through May 19.
The Milwaukee Art Museum will feature about 200 objects that range from framed photographs and slide shows to film clips and publications. Nearly a dozen artists, including Ansel Adams, Harry Callahan and Saul Leiter, will contribute to the exhibit.
Exhibition co-curator Lisa Hostetler, who is former curator of photographs at the Milwaukee museum, says the years mark the introduction of the first commercially available color photographic process.
All content © Copyright 2000 - 2014 WorldNow and WKOW. All Rights Reserved.
For more information on this site, please read our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service and Mobile Privacy Policy & Terms of Service.
Persons with disabilities who need assistance with issues relating to the content of this station's public inspection file should contact Anna Engelhart at 608-661-2767. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, at 888-835-5322 (TTY) or at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Enable replies on secondary tumblrs
I just wanted to let everyone know that you can now enable replies on secondary tumblrs. Just go to the specific blog's settings page, hit the check mark, and save.
A big thanks to Jacob for making this happen.
You can now reply to Missing e posts!
This isn't a Missing e feature, but now part of Tumblr's interface thanks to Jacob Bijanji!


text:
my life fun times , if you don't like my blog then un follow it then !! I don't promote self harm , anorexia or any other eating disorder , tumblr is just my place where I post my feelings :(
Catching Elephant is a theme by Andy Taylor
photo shoot from year 7 so i was 12 , changed so much :)


text:
click image to zoom
click to expand
Women's UA Supergirl Sleeveless Crew
$25.99 $34.99
Please select a size
Only X available
what's it do?
Did you know you could do anything? Be anything? It's time to show the world just how powerful you are. We took our super soft and stretchy tri-blend fabric and suped it up even more with your favorite hero graphics. It's the most powerful graphic T in the game.
The fundamentals
- Semi-Fitted: A slimmer athletic cut that delivers better mobility by eliminating the bulk of extra fabric.
- Part of the Under Armour® Alter Ego Collection
- Cotton-rich tri-blend fabric has a soft, athletic feel for superior comfort and performance
- Signature Moisture Transport System wicks sweat so it dries faster than ordinary cotton
- Anti-microbial technology eliminates odors to keep your gear fresher, longer
- Lightweight stretch construction improves mobility and is perfect for layering
- Ribbed crew neck with center slit detail
- Slimmer fitted construction delivers a sleeker, more feminine silhouette
- Cotton/Polyester/Rayon
- Imported
- Supergirl is property of ©DC Comics


text:
•Put up "Police Training In Progress" signs on access roads.
•Have a "safety vehicle" on hand with a mobile phone.
•Assign at least two safety officers to conduct separate weapons and ammunitions checks of all participants.
•Require all participants to report any unsafe act witnessed during training.
•Keep fingers off triggers unless preparing to fire.
•Prohibit any officers arriving late, as well as those who leave and return, from participating in training exercises.
•Ammunition inspections after breaks.
•Check all vehicles used in training for live ammunition.
•Tight supervision of loading and firing guns if bullets are used.
Source: OpTac International


text:
|Worst superhero movies
With 'Guardians of the Galaxy' making a huge splash at the box office, we take a look back at 10 movies that couldn't be saved by super powers.
By Bryan Reesman
We live in a superhero universe now. While comic books were considered hopelessly nerdy up through the '90s, they are now cool, hip and can be blockbusters. "Guardians of the Galaxy" is the latest in a long line of big-budget, big-hype superhero movies, but let's take a look as some that some didn't live up to the hype.
Bing: More about 'Guardians of the Galaxy' | Watch videos
Want more movies? Be sure to like MSN Movies Facebook and Twitter.
(Marvel Studios)


text:
Proposal blocks certain pensionsFebruary 04,2013Proposal blocks
certain pensions
MONTPELIER A Vermont House committee is about to complete work on a proposal by Gov. Peter Shumlin to block public employees convicted of certain crimes from collecting their full pensions.
The House Government Operations Committee has been looking into the issue.
Shumlin made the proposal following revelations last year that a longtime Vermont State Police employee, Sgt. James Deeghan, had been padding his overtime reports.
Deeghan recently pleaded guilty and faces up to two years in prison and repayment of more than $200,000 from his pension over six years.
Pensions typically are based on a persons last three years of income. The legislation would guard against pensions being paid out when that income was improperly inflated.MORE IN Vermont NewsMONTPELIER Lawmakers complained to the states top health care reform official Thursday they... Full StoryA Calais man has been sentenced to nine months in jail for a host of crimes, including molesting ... Full StoryMONTPELIER New U.S. Full Story
- Most Popular
- Most Emailed
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Patrick McArdle reports and the theft of an $89,000 shotgun, police release a video of the Monday Castleton robbery, O'Gorman reports a lawsuit by a local man claiming his vehicle unlawfully seized, police leave him in cold.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: Giles Corey of Salem, Mass., is pressed to death during the Salem witch trials; on this day in 1952, film comedian Charlie Chaplin, while traveling to England, is denied re-entry into the United States by U.S. attorney general.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: Dutch father of microbiology Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers the existence of one-celled organisms; in 1967, The Doors are booked to play the Ed Sullivan show; in 1858, freedom fighter Dred Scott dies on this day in St. Louis.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: No money this year for western rail project, Lola Aiken memorialized in Montpelier, Supreme Court Castleton murder suspect will remain in jail, Shaftbury man fires shots from his AK-47 into neighbor's home.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1959, Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev arrives in U.S. for historic 13-day visit; in 1987, Secretary of State George Shultz and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze sign nuclear reduction agreement.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: City celebrates completion of its newest mural, on West Street opposite the post office, more than $2 million in federal grants will bolster Vermont's health centers, Patrick McArdle reports on pending sale of Vermont papers.


text:
Sean + Mary Kate Invite
(via thegoldenbirdcage)
Визитная карточка для фотографа http://bit.ly/10KkUGI
Found at the Williamsburg Flea Market
(Source: unfamiliarstreets)
So since the prize wasn't claimed, i've picked another winner at random-
and the winner is http://vikingonstilts.tumblr.com!
You know the drill, message me within 72 hours to claim the prize or i'll choose another. :)
The winner is http://perhaps-tomorrow.tumblr.com! Please respond within 72 hours to claim your prize, or another winner will be chosen. :)
If you didn't win, stick around. I'll be giving away two letterpressed prints soon!
Letterpress business cards!
Designed by Cliffpro, Printed by Hartford Prints!
(Source: theconfettibar)
Yay! Giveaway!
What you can win:
- A set of Studio on Fire letterpressed coasters
- Two letterpress-themed pencils, including Hammerpress and Thimblepress.
- A bunch of letterpressed business cards (Look at that amazing hand!), tokens, a Rifle Paper ruler and a Sugarcube Press Coaster.
Here's the details:
- You can like and reblog this post once, that counts as two entries.
- This is a follower-only giveaway, so you must be following Letter-pressed.tumblr.com in order to enter and win.
- This is an international giveaway- anyone can enter!
- Shipping will be paid for by me.
- The giveaway will end June 10th.
Any questions? Message me!
Good luck!
Father's Day is right around the corner! Don't forget to send your dad a warmhearted note on June 16th!!! #Fathersday #letterpress #stationery #buffaloplaid #bowtielove (at 9thletterpress.com)


text:
" ThinkPad R51 1831 - Pentium M 1.6 GHz - Centrino - RAM 256 MB - HDD 40 GB - CD-RW / DVD-ROM combo - Mobility Radeon 7500 - Gigabit Ethernet - WLAN : 802.11b - TPM - Win XP Pro - 15" TFT 1024 x 768 ( XGA ) "
* Prices may differ from that shown
IBM ThinkPad R Series notebooks offer mainstream performance and features for frequently mobile users who want easy, ready-to-run computing. These affordable notebooks offer lightweight designs with great performance, outstanding battery life on select models and large, bright displays. The ThinkPad R51 mobile workstation provides high-performance graphics for displaying detailed designs, dramatic demos and high-powered presentations.
The ThinkPad family also features exclusive IBM ThinkVantage Technologies and ThinkVantage design. Together, they deliver business advantage by helping to save time and money and enabling you to focus on your business - not your technology.


text:
The University of Texas at Tyler's College of Business and Technology and Hibbs Institute of Business and Economic Research held its fourth annual economic summit on Thursday.
The guest speaker spoke about the new US economic normal, which he said includes slow economic growth, struggling labor markets, and a government that is on the sidelines, someplace he said the feds have been since mid 2012.
On Thursday, he offered a new perspective and ideas for improving performance, and it starts locally with something he calls bandwidth.
"Bandwidth in simple terms is the rate at which information passes through at a specific point in time. Why I use the term bandwidth is because it is something we can control. We don't have to worry about what is happening in Washington D.C.and elsewhere. Bandwidth means we are looking for ways to improve our business and looking for ways to improve our schools that don't necessarily cost any money," said Dr. Ronald A. Johnson, Dean of the Jesse H. Jones School of Business at Texas Southern University.
Some of the ways he suggested increasing your bandwidth is by investing in people, building on your promises and expanding your network.
Copyright 2013 KLTV. All rights reserved.
105 West Ferguson Street
Tyler, TX 75702
FCC Public File
EEO Report
Closed Captioning


text:
Share your comments
The panic zone [sound recording]
Mofina, Rick.
Adult Fiction MOFINA
Mofina, Rick.
Adult Fiction MOFINA
What other readers are saying about this title:
nitetrain said:
Too much about a mom and her son, but a lot of good drama around that. The rating would be higher had Mofina emphasized that part less. 7 of 10 stars
posted Apr 26, 2011 at 7:28PM
Add a Comment
|Submission Guidelines


text:
Item Description
* Perfect combo set for you: Wireless QWERTY Keyboard with Silicon Skin, Wireless Mini Optical Mouse, Tiny USB Receiver.
* Adopt 2.4G-2.4835G wireless radio frequence technology.
* 2.4G wireless timely hopping technology.
* Working distance is up to 10 meters.
* Keyboard and Mouse are both powered by 2 pieces of AAA batteries.
* Both with ON/OFF switch, the power can be turned off when not working.
* Low power consumption design, making battery using more longer (About 3 months).
* Compatible with Windows Me/2000/XP/Vista/7.
* Ultra Thin keyboard buttons, with sensitive reaction and muted design.
* Good touch feeling you can never imagine.
* With power level indicators on the keyboard.
* 1000/1600CPI adjustable.
* MINI USB receiver.
* Housing made of study durable materials.
* Just plug and play, needs no driver.
* Ergonomic design, comfortable to operate.
* Decent and fashionable design.
* An ideal kit for students, travellers, office workers and those who desire to easy their computer use.
Payment Methods
We accept the following forms of payment: PayPal. Bank transfer ,western union
Please contact us for other payment methods.
Shipping Terms
Ship by china post air or hongkong post air, if you want the other shipment way, please contact me first.
Order processed within 3 business day (excluding weekends). Generally, delivery time is 15-20 business days.
Buyer is responsible for all applicable customs and import duties.
Warranty & Return
One Year Manufacturer Warranty.
If you received an incorrect, damaged, defective, or item not as described, contact us .
Please leave a positive feedback, if there are problem with the product, please contact us first, we will do our best to fix the problems.
We do our best to serve our each customer the best that we can.
We will refund you for items returned within 7 days of you receiving them, for any reason. A full refund will be given if items are returned in their original condition.
Merchandise which is damaged or missing components is not refundable.
Buyers are responsible for return shipping with proper packaging.
On receiving items, we will refund you immediately.
Warranty &Maintenance:
We provide 1 month replacement and 12 months maintenance warranties. Items can be replaced during the first month or maintained for the first year.
***** Buyers are only responsible for the return shipping fees for warranty items.(In most cases, buyer will only have to return the problem components rather than the entire package.).
Before returning items, please make sure you get our (the seller's) return address, and write "gift" on the delivery detail sheet. Please use regular postal service and send us the tracking number. As soon as we receive the items, we will repair or exchange them ASAP.
Thanks for your feedback!
China Wholesale | Security & Privacy | Help | China Manufacturers | Gold Zone | seller home | Top Searches | Refined Products | Customer Service | Terms of Use | Russian | Portuguese | Arabian | Italian | Spanish | French | German | Japanese | Korea
Copyright Notice © 2004 - 2014 DHgate.com All rights reserved.
Choose region:
Choose shipping method:
Notice: Please be advised that only post services such as China Post, EMS are permitted to deliver private packages to Russia. For all private orders, please choose from among those companies only.