text:
Brandon Alwan '11: "I wouldn't be at R-MC if it were
not for Coach Pedro Arruza."
Alwan sang a toast to the college during the "Celebrate R-MC" reception, held during
Homecoming Weekend.
"I wouldn't be at Randolph-Macon if it were not for Coach Pedro Arruza," says
Brandon Alwan '11. "I visited the college with my brother, Gamal (Class
of 2010) during football
recruitment and I really liked the campus environment. Coach Arruza did a great
job of recruiting me to play
football. That, combined with R-MC's academic program, helped me make my
decision. I also enjoyed talking to the students who approached me during my visit,
and R-MC really helped me out with financial aid."
A Musician at Heart
Alwan, who hails from Atco, New Jersey, is a music major with minors in psychology
and religious studies. "I started off with a biology major in mind, but music consumed
my heart and I switched majors at the end of my freshman year," says Alwan, whose
love of music started at an early age. He began playing the viola in the sixth grade
and continues to study the instrument at R-MC.
The music aficionado also plays piano and sings. "I began singing during my senior
year in high school and I didn't realize that I was gifted with a singing voice,"
he says. "Ever since I can remember, music has been an escape for me. I really can't
put into words what it does to me. I strive to become a better musician to entertain
others and to keep my mind at ease." Alwan's honeyed voice can be heard at R-MC
football games when he leads the crowd in the National Anthem.
To read more Student Experience stories, click here.
Campus Connections
Alwan's first year at R-MC was a challenging time. "I struggled academically and
personally during my first year at R-MC," he says. "I had never been away from home
for more than a week and I was really homesick, so I decided to play football and
join Brothers 4 Change and the Ujima Gospel Choir." Alwan found that being involved
in campus activities helped him adjust to college life. "I also have wonderful friends
around me to comfort me, and my brother is always there for support. Coach Arruza's
door is always open, but in the end, I always pray to God to get me through tough
situations and with his grace, I made it through my freshman year and prospered."
Getting Involved
Alwan is very involved in campus organizations and initiatives. He is the president
of the Ujima Gospel Choir, a multicultural organization that draws people together
for worship and praise as it promotes Gospel music throughout the Randolph-Macon
and Ashland communities.
The Choir's Operation Smile Concerts of 2008 and 2009 were especially important
to Alwan. "Operation Smile benefits children in South Africa who cannot afford cleft-palate
surgery," he says. "Ujima partnered with Maria Summers '11, who has traveled several
times to South Africa, to help fund this life-changing surgery for several children."
In 2008 and 2009, Alwan received R-MC's distinguished Emerging Leaders Award for
his participation in the Ujima choir.
Alwan is also the chair of One in Four, an all-male sexual-assault prevention group,
and a member of R-MC's Black Cultural Society (BCS), an organization that strives
to raise awareness about social issues. "BCS is a group that has been slowly developing
over the years," says Alwan. "We want to educate the campus and community about
important issues."
Community Service
Sharing his time and talent is important to Alwan. As a member of R-MC's Brothers
4 Change organization, he participates in the group's yearly Community Day by spending
quality time with area children. "This is a day of giving back to the hard-working
parents who work at the college and those who live in the Ashland community. We
eat with the kids, play games with them and give older kids a tour of the campus,"
says Alwan. He is also an active member of R-MC's Macon Peer Response organization
and serves as a steward, chaplain and chorister for Mu Phi Epsilon, a music honors
Six Countries in Two Weeks
In January 2010, Alwan will expand his horizons when he travels to Austria, Hungary,
Germany, Switzerland, France and Italy as part of the college's January term (J-term)
travel study program. Professor Hal Breitenberg, Ph.D. (religious studies), and
Professor Chris Ryder (music) will travel with their students in conjunction with
their respective J-term classes, "The Reformation and the Counter-Reformation" and
"Music of the Reformation." The courses will examine how music was an expression
of and a means of spreading the Reformation and Counter Reformation, and students
will study the role of music and the various forms it took in different religious
traditions of the period. "This is the first time I'll travel through R-MC," says
Alwan, "and I'm really looking forward to learning about the role that music played
during this important part of history."
Music Therapy
In his future academic pursuits, Alwan wants to tap into both sides of his brain
by combining music and science. "I'd like to
study music therapy in graduate school," he says. "And sooner or later, I want to
learn how to play the guitar!"
For information on R-MC's music department, visit http://www.rmc.edu/academics/music.aspx
For information on R-MC's psychology department, visit
For information on R-MC's religious studies department, visit
For information on R-MC's J-term program, visit http://www.rmc.edu/Academics/study-abroad/jterm/J-term%202010.aspx
For information on R-MC's athletics program, visit
For more information about the breadth of programs and opportunities available at
Randolph-Macon or to schedule a campus visit, contact our Admissions Office at (800)
888-1762 or at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Scattered Clouds
5 of 21
Credit: Getty Images
ALREWAS, UNITED KINGDOM - AUGUST 16: Stakes with the names of executed soldiers, stand by The Shot at Dawn memorial to soldiers executed by British forces in World War I created by artist Andy De Comyn in the grounds of The National Memorial Arboretum on August 16, 2006 in Alrewas, England. The statue was modelled on Private Herbert Burden, aged 17, who was executed by his own side for desertion. he was court martialled after leaving his post to comfort a recently-bereaved friend.UK Defence Secretary Des Browne has announced that more than 300 British soldiers who were shot during World War I for military offences are to receive formal pardons. (Photo by Christopher Furlong/Getty Images)
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
SQA and the Commonwealth Games 2014
Glasgow is the proud host city of the 20th Commonwealth Games. The Games will run for 12 days from 23 July to 3 August 2014.
The Commonwealth Games will be a spectacular display of world-class sporting success. But it's not just about the sport – the Games are an opportunity for businesses, organisations and communities across Scotland to benefit now and in the future
The organising committee's vision is to stage an outstanding, athlete-centred and sport focused Games of world-class competition which will be celebrated across the Commonwealth, generate enormous pride in Glasgow and Scotland, and leave a lasting legacy.
Securing a Games Legacy for Scotland
SQA is working closely with the 2014 Games Legacy Committee to ensure the learning opportunities available before, during and after the Games add real value to learners of all ages including the 15,000 volunteers currently being recruited to deliver the most successful Commonwealth Games ever. SQA has a number of qualifications tailored to a number of key sectors which will be essential to the successful delivery of the Games that will enhance visitors' experience of Glasgow and Scotland, develop people's skills and training and enhance learning opportunities.
SQA is trusted to deliver qualifications that enable learners to develop clear pathways towards further learning, employment or career progression.
Based on a study completed around the skills needs arising from the Commonwealth Games, SQA has introduced some new awards and refreshed qualifications in some specific areas.
For more information about SQA qualifications and how they can deliver a learning legacy in your centre you can speak to your centre's SQA Business Development Manager or visit www.sqa.org.uk/businessdevelopment.
SQA qualifications deliver for the Commonwealth Games and beyond
Work has been underway since 2008 to ensure that SQA's national portfolio of qualifications meets the needs of both London 2012 and Scotland's Commonwealth Games 2014.
Find out more (85 KB)
Glasgow 2014 - Beyond the Games - Clyde-sider Options Guide
A volunteer support pack, "Beyond the Games – Clyde-sider options Guide (4.65 MB)", has been finalised by the Glasgow 2014 Organising Committee. The guide will be issued to all Games time volunteers, the Clyde-siders, and will allow them to log their volunteer experience and record the skills they have developed.
The support guide also provides advice on how to use these skills to enhance their further education, volunteering or employment credentials beyond their involvement in the Games. The guide focuses on three key areas of interest: employment, education and volunteering and will signpost volunteers towards opportunities and sources of further information on these.
Global Coaches House
SQA is proud to sponsor the Global Coaches House, which provides a meeting and focal point for the coaches and coaching organisations of the world as they attend the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games, as well as academics and business professionals with an interest in applying coaching to the needs of their organisations and their own professional development.
GCH is aimed at coaches working at all levels of sport, from those moulding the next Olympian, to those working with children in the local park or guiding adults to improve their fitness levels and lead a healthier life. GCH runs from Saturday 26 July to Saturday 2 August and will be hosted at the University of Strathclyde.


text:
Monday morning the search continues for a suspected rapist. Lubbock Police say it's been one week since Frank Santana brutally attacked a couple in Hockley County. Right now police are still searching for the suspect.
Santana is wanted for raping an Anton woman, beating her husband, and then stealing their truck. Officers found that truck last week here in Lubbock. Investigators believe he could be hiding out here.
The suspect is described as six feet tall and about 240 pounds. He has tattoos on both arms, his back and chest. He also has a heavy accent. If you have any information on Santana's whereabouts, police urge that you call crime line at 741-1000. Callers can remain anonymous.
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Eskilson, Stephen
Adult Nonfiction NC998 .E85 2007
Summary: This exciting new history of graphic design explores its evolution from the late 19th century to the present day. Organized chronologically, the book illuminates the dynamic relationship between design and manufacturing as well as the roles of technology, social change, and commercial forces on the course of design history. The layout of each chapter reflects the unique style of the period it describes, and some 450 illustrations throughout the volume provide a visual record of more than one hundred years of creative achievement in the field. Under the influence of William Morris and the Arts and Crafts movement in the late 19th century, a new era began for design arts. Fueled by popular Art Nouveau advertising, the work of graphic designers became central in the growing consumer goods economy. This book traces the emergence of varied modernist design styles in the early 20th century and then examines the wartime politicization of regional styles through American government patronage and revolutionary Soviet ideas. Richly contextualized chapters chronicle the history of the Bauhaus and the rise of the International Style, followed by the postmodern movement of the 1970s and '80s. After highlighting recent developments in graphic design around the globe, the author discusses the impact of inexpensive, powerful design software and the challenges facing designers now.
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Food stamps for pets hopes to prevent pets from getting squeezed out of the home as family's tighten the financial belt. A donation-based program, food stamps for pets would provide pet chow to low-income families and food stamp recipients.
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becky alignay's curator insight, April 16, 10:15 AM
piles of mail, clothes that we never wear, outdated electronics ... have they seen the inside of my house or something??? how did they know??
becky alignay's curator insight, April 16, 10:27 AM
brilliant! this is almost as helpful as the pollen forecast ...


text:
How To Change A 2010 Honda Civic Cabin Air Filter
People Who Liked This Video Also Liked
Did this video help you?
andrewia: The short version of this video: Press in on the sides of the glovebox
while it's open, at the top, and it comes out. Behind it is the air filter
assembly ; press in on the side clips to release the tray. Air flow is
downward so line up the filter that way.
Faraz Asad: if you accidentally placed a dirty air filter in the opposite direction for a couple of weeks would anything be damaged besides just my inside of the car dirty?
Alexey F Shevelyov: Lets all give a man a few bucks - he saved us up to a hundo - I think that would be fair enough. Send me you paypal account info bro - and again appreciate your effort! Show some love to the men people!
James Malaer: Thanks bra.helped me out
cramx3: Thanks, between this video and the other air filter video, I saved 100 bucks over what the dealer wanted to charge me. Very easy to do!
David G: not sure, either way it's fairly simple for all cars.
David G: sorry haha, very amateur, I can remake if you'd like.
David G: No problem, if you need me to re-do any of the videos just tell me, these are old and I was an amateur :)
skillzflux: Thanks, man
BigDH28: Is this the same for the hybrid?
David G: Thanks, I was really unprofessional and clumsy back then, I kind of want to re-do the video, but thanks anyways.
David G: No problem, sorry the video was so unprofessional, I was new to making videos, thanks for watching..
David G: no problem :) if you need anything else ask me and i can make a video on it
David G: what a scam, stealerships
TheTarrMan: I've seen them clogged up so bad, that the air flow actually stops, lol.
David G: thanks for the tips, i realized that afterwards it was when i didnt really make videos, and i kind of found out how to do this along the way. but thanks
Brandon F: Thanks for the step by step vid - awesome. I'm gonna go vomit now from motion sickness. :)
thirty2able: I changed the air filter yeaterday. I had a little trouble getting the clips back up but finally did it. I'm doing the cabin filter today. I liked your step by step video here .It was very real with emptying the glovebox and your closwups of everything including the everyman missteps we all make before getting it done. I am sure this will help me today. The part about your dad was cool and funny.
Casandra Puente: Well do u know how to change the air filter as well because they want to charge me 60 just for that.
Tim Patterson: I can't believe the dealer wanted to charge me $60, when I can do it myself for $15. Thanks for posting this :)
David G: even cheaper! on eBay for $5.50 to $8.50 with free shipping!!!
bullhornzz: Ok your video did help me. I found my filter. Some tips for the future. Your camera work is very bad. Very shaky. Ahead of shooting the video, make sure your glovebox is already empty. Make it look professional. You could park the car outside for better light and you could fully open the passenger door. Set the camera on the armrest and you work from outside the car. Anyway good info but please work on your production quality.
David G: yes, i already have a video on that, go to my channel and click "videos" and use the search option, search, "air filter" it should be the last one
Casandra Puente: Alright thank you so much!
vipnorvop: Thank you so much for this video, saved some money doing it myself!! The dealer was going to charge me $59.99 plus tax.
Casandra Puente: Thanks so much. They were going to charge me 30 bucks to do this. Looks easy enough I can do it.
bullhornzz: No problem. Again just want to be clear. Not "hatin" on your vid. Just want to suggest that the camera work be steady. Keep up the good work!!!!
How to change a 2010 Honda Civic cabin air filter 4.8 out of 5


text:
Automotive Digital Marketing ProCom
Professional Community for Car Dealers, Automotive Marketers and Sales Managers
Can you actually profit off your lease? You can, but it would likely need to be a truck. Swapalease.com, the nation's largest online car lease marketplace, believes lessees in certain trucks still hold a positive equity position with a few months left in the term. In fact, the company believes it is a large reason why demand has increased for truck leases with less than eight months on the contract.
Compact SUVs and all Pickup trucks have held strong pricing positions through the…
Added by John Sternal on September 16, 2014 at 6:57am — No Comments
Is it time the auto industry got serious about a used lease program that mirrors the effectiveness of the CPO programs? Scot Hall, EVP at Swapalease.com, who has been talking about the need for a used lease program, especially based on recent trends in the auto industry:
Added by John Sternal on September 9, 2014 at 9:10am — No Comments
When it comes to lease programs, should U.S. Auto dealers take a page out of the Canadian dealer model? National car lease marketplace, Swapalease.com, works with customers in both countries and observed key differences in how lease programs are structured, with particular emphasis on the transfer of ownership elements between individuals:
Added by John Sternal on September 3, 2014 at 8:06am — No Comments
When it comes to negotiating with a car dealer, what's the comfort level of men and women? Swapalease.com, the nation's largest online car lease marketplace, was interested to take the pulse of car shoppers around the country. According to their findings, women are now warming up to the negotiation process. Click here to see the complete findings.
An online survey was presented to more than 1,000 drivers…
Added by John Sternal on August 27, 2014 at 12:47pm — No Comments
Wantalease.com, the nation's first online car lease marketplace for new lease deals, says Buick and Toyota highlight some of the best car lease deals leading up to the Labor Day auto sales. The Toyota RAV4 and Avalon lease offers have fallen -15.6% and -12.1%, respectively, since July. Meanwhile, the Buick Regal Premium and Lacrosse lease offers represent some of the most aggressive deals for national customers on the site. Click…Continue
Added by John Sternal on August 27, 2014 at 11:15am — No Comments
Swapalease.com, the nation's largest car lease marketplace, reports lease credit approvals during the month of July were 81.0%, the highest monthly level of the year and reversing a trend that saw continuous decline since January largely due to an increase in the number of SubPrime credit applicants.
Despite the high marks in July, Swapalease.com attributes the growing number of credit declines in 2014 to a rising number of car lease shoppers with SubPrime credit profiles seeking…
Added by John Sternal on August 19, 2014 at 8:22am — No Comments
From a dollars and cents standpoint, is it now better for your wallet to lease a car or finance one? Swapalease.com, the nation's largest online car lease marketplace, analyzed an apples to apples to apples comparison of three different car-shopping scenarios using the same vehicle in order to determine where the most savings would be found. Click here for the full data chart.
The three different scenarios included financing…
Added by John Sternal on August 5, 2014 at 8:26am — 1 Comment
Online shopping for purchasing a car has never been more popular. But what about if you want to compare leases through an online channel? According to participants of a recent survey from Wantalease.com, many respondents wouldn't even know where to start.
Executives at Wantalease.com and its sister marketplace, Swapalease.com, were curious about how average drivers feel about the online research and shopping process on a new lease.…
Added by John Sternal on July 23, 2014 at 7:01am — No Comments
Wantalease.com, the nation's first online car lease marketplace for new lease deals, says certain GM models saw the largest drop in prices in June, with new lease deals offered on the Buick Regal Premium leasing for $229 per month, down from $426.46 in May. The Buick Lacrosse was being offered for $249 per month, down from $425.21 in May. The data was reported in the June Wantalease.com…Continue
Added by John Sternal on July 9, 2014 at 2:05pm — No Comments
The 36-month lease has long been the norm in auto leasing circles, but Toyota and Chrysler are beefing up their 24-month lease offerings. According to a report in Automotive News:
"Toyota is seeing a strong shift into two-year leases this year, a trend that promises quicker customer turnarounds and fuller used-car inventories down the road. At Toyota…Continue
Added by John Sternal on July 1, 2014 at 10:12am — No Comments
Swapalease.com, the nation's largest car lease marketplace, reports lease credit approvals during the month of May were 60.6%, the lowest monthly level of the year and down from January when the approvals rate was at 70.6%.
Despite the overall approvals rating sliding down from a 2014 high in January, Swapalease.com attributes the recent slide to a significant higher number of applications over the last two months. In fact, 44.7% more applications have been processed in May and April…Continue
Added by John Sternal on June 25, 2014 at 6:16am — No Comments
Swapalease.com works with thousands of people each year looking to escape their lease contract before end of term for a variety of reasons. For the most part, people look to escape simply because they can no longer afford to make the payments, they're bored and ready for something different, or they've had a change in their lifestyle (new baby on the way).
But a new crop of reasons has started to gain traction from drivers across the country. While many of these reasons are…
Added by John Sternal on June 19, 2014 at 10:05am — 1 Comment
Swapalease.com, the nation's largest car lease marketplace, released its latest report on vehicle incentives from May, and one particular area stood out: Despite all the attention on recalls, few GM brands are currently listed with a cash incentive.
Cash incentives are a normal practice in the world of automotive sales, but what makes this report different is that the Swapalease.com marketplace involves person-to-person transactions. According to incentives data from May listings,…Continue
Added by John Sternal on June 10, 2014 at 6:01am — No Comments
Help grads get rid of their car.
According to the National Retail Federation, Americans are on track to spend over $4.7 billion in cash, gift cards, clothing and electronics for graduates this year. They're also facing a still-tough job market. Today's crop of new B.A.s are staring at roughly 8.5 percent unemployment and 16.8 percent underemployment, according to the…
Added by John Sternal on June 4, 2014 at 11:59am — No Comments
Swapalease.com, the nation's largest car lease marketplace, says its customers continue to escape their car leases at a near-record pace. According to data from April listings, car lease drivers in April planned to escape their lease contracts 15.3 months into their lease, slightly off the record pace set back in January of 13.9 months.
Based on lease contracts with an average term of 36 months, the current pace of exit continues to expedite in pace. Prior to 2014, the average…
Added by John Sternal on May 22, 2014 at 8:18am — 1 Comment
The majority of consumers shopping for a new car lease are frustrated with the disconnect between advertised automotive deals and the cars they end up looking at inside the dealership. These findings were part of a joint online study between Swapalease.com and Wantalease.com from April 10 – April 24, 2014, presented to more than 1,000 drivers across North America. Complete results of the study may be found by clicking here.
Millions of cars…
Added by John Sternal on May 20, 2014 at 10:36am — No Comments
Swapalease.com, the nation's largest car lease marketplace, reports that the average monthly payment for a car lease on the road in February is $591.70, up from last month's average of $572.42 and compared with an average payment of $569.23 a year ago.
Compared with year-ago payments on today's most popular vehicles, the Chevrolet Volt has had the largest monthly payment decline dropping from $424.50 a year ago to $297.56 today. The aggressive lease deals and incentives on Volt…
Added by John Sternal on March 27, 2014 at 7:16am — 1 Comment
BMW Lets Drivers Out Of Leases
Another Example Of Lease Flexibility Benefiting Car Makers
BMW announced recently a program effective through the end of October that enables its lease customers to skip certain payments in an effort to boost sales of its new or certified used cars. BMW hopes to entice lease drivers by relaxing the strict policies of a lease contract.
Swapalease.com believes this latest…Continue
Added by John Sternal on October 17, 2012 at 1:06pm — No Comments
Swapalease.com National Report Finds Drivers' Confidence in Jobs Still Murky
The latest U.S. Jobs data again was underscored by mixed signals, with 114,000 jobs added on the positive yet continued shrinking of the overall labor force. Mixed data has carried over to the U.S. auto industry, where current jobs data offer a glimpse into the positives and negatives from a consumer's perspective.…
Added by John Sternal on October 11, 2012 at 12:30pm — No Comments
What's the fallback option if you made a mistake by leasing?
As more people begin to lease again (latest figures show 24% of car sales as leases, up from 18% a few years ago), it's important to know the full picture of auto leasing. Sure, it's a great way to get more…
Added by John Sternal on September 13, 2012 at 12:38pm — No Comments
© 2014 Created by Ralph Paglia.


text:
Add to My ListAdd to FavoritesEdit Anime InformationBuy @ RightStuf Buy from Amazon Buy from Japan-Best
Alternative Titles
Synonyms: Hidamari Sketch: Tokubetsu Hen - Zengo Hen
Japanese: ひだまりスケッチ 特別編 前後編
Type: Special
Episodes: 2
Status: Finished Airing
Aired: Oct 18, 2007
Producers: Shaft, Lantis, Sentai FilmworksL
Genres: Comedy, School, Slice of Life
Duration: 24 min. per episode
Rating: PG-13 - Teens 13 or olderL represents licensing company
Score: 7.671 (scored by 6294 users)
Ranked: #10152
Popularity: #1918
Members: 10,678
Favorites: 8
1 indicates a weighted score
2 based on the top anime page.
My Info
Popular Tagscomedy


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The Pin (2013)
The most popular movies among NYTimes.com readers.
2 Readers' Reviews
November 4th, 201311:50 am
Could be in any language or of any century-beautifully filmed and acted. Loved that it was done in Yiddish, whether native to the actors or not-a great accomplishment. Given that Yiddish as an everyday language died for most Jews with the Holocaust, using it here is especially fitting.
— mpsp, ny
October 31st, 201311:13 am
Primarily about the relationship of a boy and girl in hiding in a barn in an unnamed place, at an unnamed time, though during ww Ii in a country where jews are under siege. We learn little about the two, other than they have suffered unbearable loss. How did they get there? How did they escape and why did their relationship not continue? The yiddish was good to hear but it seemed like something learned not innate. Apparently a canadian film - one would like to know more about who made it and their motivation.
— joyce, new york


text:
Member Login
New Membership Sales: 1-800-250-7912
Membership Services: 1-800-699-1725
"From the very first phone call that I made to GTI as an Agent, the support has always been there. This truly is a company that is willing to go the extra mile to help you succeed"
Deborah S. – Huntington, NY
"I'm very busy with my full-time job but still find time to build my GTI travel business. I'm amazed with how much travel I'm able to book, even working part-time."
Janice H. – Montgomery, AL
"In the first five months, I booked over one hundred people on vacations. Today, I'm booking trips almost every day! Not bad for a part-time GTI Agent!"
Bernie G. – St. Charles, MO
"I've gotten my GTI membership fee back ten times from the commission I've made on our own leisure travel, and the money I've saved on hotels and rental cars."
Dan J. – Memphis, TN
"I've been a GTI Agent for four years and have attended incredible GTI Familiarization tours to New Orleans, Italy, Eastern Europe and more. These training opportunities have inspired me to sell more travel by improving my knowledge and skills as a Travel Agent."
Ann S. – Detroit, MI
"It's the customer support at GTI which makes it such a great opportunity. I appreciate how quickly GTI Representatives get back to me with answers to my booking questions."
Stuart D. – Las Cruces, NM
"GTI's capabilities are much greater than the web-based travel sales companies that may not be around tomorrow. They have greater customer support and training opportunities that you just can't find anywhere else."
Laurence R. – San Jose, California
"We had a total blast. There was planty of entertainment and excellent service in our cabin. We really enjoyed all the amentities that our Independent Travel Agent provided. Everyone had a fantastic time and I can't wait to tell everyone."
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Shorter 3-Panel Pet Gate-20-1/2"H-Rubbed Walnut 19 19
No stability These add nothing to the already flimsy pet gates. The gates are unstable and easily fall over. These do nothing to stabilize the gates. My hound moves them and knocks the gates over at will. May 30, 2014
So glad I found these I wish that I had found this product prior to our two dogs ruining my carpets with urine stains - it could have saved me from having to purchase new carpet - now I can have clean carpets and not relegate our dogs to staying on their leashes. They are just the right height for keeping them off carpets but they aren't so tall that they look out of place in my home. March 25, 2014
Nice Features Ordered the 3-panel short gate for our living room entrance. It is great and aesthecially pleasing. Appreciate the shorter version for stepping into the room for humans in the house. March 21, 2014
Versatile and attractive gate for pets I have two chichuahua mixes and a Yorkie. We need to keep them corralled in one or two rooms at time and this gate is wonderful. I have a child gate for the regular size door openings but the extra large walk through area had presented a problem for us. This gate solved that problem. I was afraid at first that the dogs would get between the slats and I think the Yorkie could if she tried but she hasn't. The gate is very well made and hinged between each panel. I would like it better if there were hinges that could be connected to it and to the wall so that we could easily swing the panel open and walk through. As it is we simply place it on the floor in the doorway and it does the job but needs to be restraightened often so that it will completely cover the opening. I am very glad we purchased this gate. It is very attractive and matches the paneling in our den. November 8, 2013
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Answer:Thank you for your question. The 3-Panel Pet Gate's rails are 3" apart.
1 year, 6 months ago
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Are there extra panels available to purchase?
My doorway that I want to cover is 86 inches wide so I would need one additional panel I think.
1 year, 5 months ago
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Answer:Thank you for your question. At this time,we do not offer individual panels of the 3-Panel Pet Gate for purchase.
1 year, 5 months ago
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Will this 78" gate fit a 72" opening?
This may seem like a silly question, but the hinged feature means to me that the gate will cover a space less than its 78" length.
1 year, 4 months ago
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Answer:Thank you for your question. The total (flat) width of the 3-Panel Pet Gate is 78", which means it will fit any opening up to 78"w.
1 year, 4 months ago
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How thick is the wood base and top?
I know each panel is 26"W x 20-1/2"H, but how thick/deep is each panel?
Age: 18-24
Gender: Female
8 months ago
Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Answer:Thank you for your question. This 3-Panel Gate is 3/4" thick.
7 months ago
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A. Design
Hampton is an example of the well-known five-part early Maryland house plan of three main architectural units connected by "hyphens." The size of the fabric is impressive. It measures 175 feet long, one of the most pretentious in 18th-century America. Position on a hilltop adds to its stature. The great octagonal cupola which crowns the house, rising nearly thirty-four feet above the main ridge, is its dominating feature, unique among the great 18th-century houses of this country. It may well have been inspired by the eight-sided dome over Castle Howard in Yorkshire, the magnificent country house begun in 1700 under the joint direction of architects John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor. There is a tradition that Captain Charles Ridgely, the man who had Hampton built, was emulating the Howards--from whom he was descended through his mother's family. [1]
Hampton's design presents some anomalies that grow more obvious as one analyzes its architectural character. John Scarff wrote "its design is not altogether successful. . .there is. . .too great a discrepancy of scale. . . ." and this writer agrees. It is almost certain that the exterior was never completed in accordance with the original design (the drawings have been lost). Only the first elements to be completed--outside, the elaborate features from the cornice up; inside, some of the second-floor rooms; ever fulfilled the initial ambitions of grandeur and elaboration. The plainness of the parts completed later is striking by contrast.
To understand the discrepancies in decoration one must remember the economic climate--or climates--in which Hampton was built. Construction had been started in the boom period described in the diary of General Greene for September 2S, 1783:
But the outlook changed in the next few years. Samuel Chase of Annapolis, who had been a partner in some of Captain Ridgely's ventures--and was, like him, a purveyor of Revolutionary munitions and a trader in confiscated Tory coal and iron lands--went bankrupt in 1789. [3] Captain Ridgely evidently had to cut down the decoration of his house to suit changing circumstances. Certainly, the main rooms on the first floor do not fulfill the promise of those on the second.
There is some direct physical evidence of this. During the repair of plasterwork on the first floor in 1949, it was discovered that nailing blocks had been built into the brick partition walls in anticipation of woodwork never installed. Before any decorative trim could be nailed to those blocks (there were no nail holes) they had been plastered over and remained concealed until modern times. It is true, speaking of architectural styles, that after the Revolution large areas of wooden paneling were about to give way to plain plaster walls covered with wallpaper. But the 1780's seem too early for word to have reached the carpenters at Hampton. They were country builders who had already been on the place ten years before the Mansion was started.
Hampton--as projected into an elevation drawing--has some remarkable resemblances to the Apthorp House in New York City built a few years earlier (see Illustration 18).
The stucco finish of the exterior is early for an American house; its pinkish terra cotta color ties it to the iron history of the place.
Except for certain detailed carpentry documents considered below, information regarding the construction of the mansion is scattered and still very incomplete. It is quite possible that after an orderly arrangement and thorough sifting, the Ridgely Papers will reveal most of the story. But the difficulty of deciphering many of the manuscripts, the fact that business affairs of all kinds are mixed together and that several houses and other buildings were going up on Ridgely lands simultaneously, makes the task far from easy.
The documents so far examined do not establish the exact dates of either the beginning or of completion. In August of 1783 Ridgely refers to "my house now bilding in the forrest" with a reference to carpenters Jehu Howell and William Richardson, who had previously erected for him a house "in the Neck." [4] This indicates that construction was underway soon after the signing of the treaty which ended the Revolutionary War. In his will of April 7, 1787, the Captain again refers to "the new house I am now building." [5] By November of that year the roofs over the main block and both wings had already been completed and shingled. [6] The traditional dates of the whole project are 1783-1790 and they may well be correct. It does seem extraordinary that more references to construction progress have not as yet been found. Twenty years ago it was said there had been the date "1783" in lead numerals set in the stucco near the north kitchen door but they have disappeared and there seems to be no photograph of them.
From the standpoint of the bookkeepers' records house construction can be divided into three periods:
(A) Early 1783 - November 4, 1784. In this period Howell had deducted one-sixth of his pay in exchange for board with Captain Ridgely. On the latter date the Howells seemed to have moved into a house of their own.
(B) From November 4, 1784, to November 27, 1787, the date of Howell's death. In this period Howell lived with his own family and no deduction from his earnings was made for board.
(C) November 27, 1787 - completion. Modern writers have given the terminal date as both 1788 and 1790. It has generally been assumed that the house was complete when Captain Ridgely died on June 28, 1790.
There is said to be an entry in Rebecca Ridgely's diary that shows she moved into the Mansion on December 8, 1788, [7] but that does not prove completion. It was not uncommon for families to move into a dependency while their main house was under construction and it would be quite possible to have inhabited one of Hampton's wings in advance of total completion.
No references have yet been found for the excavation of the cellar and foundations. Possible the removal of earth was done in the rough by horses pulling slip shovels followed by workmen trimming off with spade and shovel.
One of the first steps in the construction project would be to haul the stone for the masonry walls to the site of the new building, and there are entries for that.
The Mansion is built of a common rough gneiss-schist type of rock probably from some nearby quarry. There are references to working a quarry in the Ridgely Papers for this period, but they may pertain to limestone being got out for the smelting of iron or for making mortar. [8]
As mentioned above Account Book XXIX has the following note for August 1, 1783, "Scotts waggons begun this Day to hall Stone." These records run for some ten weeks and refer to both David and George Scott. The work seems to have been halted at that point, possibly by the bad roads of winter, but they pick up again the following spring.
Hearthstones, which would probably have been neatly cut if used in a house, are mentioned in the records. Account Book XLIV shows payments of £3 each on January 31, 1785, to Charles R. Carnan and John Richards "for bringg hearthstone." [9]
Account Book XXX (Ledger E, p. 111) shows that David Scott was hauling stone again in April of 1784 with four- and five-horse teams, the quantity delivered amounting to 367 loads and 196 perches. His bill came to £135...19...5-1/2 after the value of four pairs of horseshoes (from Ridgely's blacksmith or from the Company store) was deducted. It is interesting to note that Moses Dillon and Jehu Howell (see below) measured the quantities of stone delivered.
Account Book XLVI (timebook, 1784) gives the teamster's records daily. David Scott began to be paid by the day on May 1, 1784, and by the load on May 12. His work continued to August 20. The record includes such homely items as "Scotts horse lame," "Scott has 1 of my horses," "Skots waggon Broake," "Rain London hauled 1 Load Lime," and "Skots waggoner gone home." For July 8 there was no entry "for want of Stone"; the teamsters had got ahead of the quarry men. On September 16 five out fits were hauling brick from Baltimore. [10] The record ends with October 15.
Captain Ridgely was able to supply lime made on his own lands. [11] Its production was a simple matter according to the technology of the period.
In Account Book LVII, a daybook for Northampton Furnace, there is an item "Capt. Chas. Ridgely for 15 Bus (hels) Lime sent pr Myler to main Building @ 1/...15...0." We thus have at least a bookkeeper's valuation of the humble but essential material--lime--at a shilling per bushel, the common way of measuring it at the time.
Historian Bienvenu cited an item in the Ridgely Papers for masonry work done by Jonathan Blaine and Joseph Brearly on a structure which had a "main building" a wing and a granary, [12] but a careful analysis of the dimensions by Architect Judd shows that this could not have been the Hampton Mansion. The names of those masons do not appear elsewhere.
Moses Dillon, who was much about the Hampton premises in those years, is also credited with some mason's work in November 1784 (Account Book XLVII), though the item below may not pertain to the Mansion:
On an undated sheet in Captain Ridgely's hand (Carpenters' Bill No. 5) attributed by Dr. Hoyt to the construction of the Mansion, there is this item, seemingly for mason's work:
The names Riddle and Green do not appear elsewhere in the Mansion records and I am inclined to believe that this work was done on another house.
Ledger K (p. 72) contains an account of John Selby, a mason, for the year 1790 but the location and nature of work are not specified.
The stucco covering of the stone masonry is one of the notable features of Hampton and was a part of the original construction. The masonry of the Mansion--as revealed here and there through fallen stucco--is of a rather indifferent character, seeming to indicate that it was always intended to be covered with a veneer.
Norman Davey, A History of Building Materials, London, 1961, has an excellent chapter on stucco [14] which he traces from Egyptian and Roman times. There was a revival of its use in Italy of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and it was favored by Palladio who had great influence in England and America. Henry VIII introduced it at his Nonsuch Palace and it was taken up in turn by Inigo Jones and Robert Adam. John Nash by 1782 was building London houses with stucco fronts.
We do not yet have a comparable reference book on the technology of early American building but it is easy to observe that exterior stucco has long been a favored material in the early Caribbean and it had reached South Carolina in the early 18th century. Thomas T. Waterman, The Mansions of Virginia, 1706-1776, surmises that Mt. Airy, the great stone house of the Tayloes on the Rappahannock, may have been plastered. [15]
Fiske Kimball noted that exterior stucco finish was becoming fashionable here after the Revolution and points out its use at the well-known house "Solitude" (built 1784) by John Penn on the Schuylkill above Philadelphia. It may also be appropriate to note that the Free Quaker Meeting House, built 1783-84, has rusticated plaster arches over its windows in imitation of stonework. [16] These buildings are exactly contemporary with the beginnings of Hampton.
The notable thing about the original Hampton stucco is that it was of a pinkish terra cotta color resulting from red (iron bearing) sand in white lime mortar. This was marked off into an ashlar pattern by white lines, probably applied with a penciling brush. [17] The present drab gray stucco is the color of modern Portland cement; no one knows when it was applied.
Samples of the original finish have been found in protected places. In 1949 the writer located a sample where the "Schoolhouse" addition had covered part of the exterior finish of the main house. In later years NPS Architect Henry A. Judd found some of it under the south porch. It appears in several places below the water table and on the older stable building.
On April 7, 1970--as a part of the preparation for this report--NPS Architect Judd of the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation and I visited Hampton and stripped the plaster in the Schoolhouse hyphen passageway that leads from the Sitting Room to the garden front of the Mansion. Superintendent Benjamin and Custodian McPherson were present. We were most pleased to find a large area of the original exterior of the house in excellent condition even after some thirty years of exposure to the weather when it was still new.
Above the water table the blocks were laid off by lines of white paint 5/16" wide with blocks varying from 27" to 30-1/2" long and about 8" high. Below the water table the blocks were somewhat larger. When this wall is completely laid bare, the pattern can be studied in detail for evidence to lay out the pattern on the remainder of the house.
This discovery is a remarkably fortunate break and all should be happy indeed that a guide has been found for an unusual but authentic effect that will add character to the Mansion. It is hoped that this sample will be labeled and carefully protected for its interest to architects, architectural historians and old house enthusiasts generally.
Incidentally, the taste for artificial wooden ashlar, best exemplified at George Washington's Mount Vernon, appears in several places above the cornice line at Hampton.
No plasterer's or painter's bills for this work have yet been found.
The lumber used by Captain Ridgely came from many places. It cannot with certainty be stated that most of that cited in the records was used at the Mansion.
On March 10, 1783, Josias Penington billed Charles Ridgely for scantling which was apparently delivered by "Capt. Jehu Howell." The following July 7 Ridgely bought a large order of lumber from Hollingsworth & Loney of Baltimore as follows:
On May 3, 1784, Edward Parker charged £11...9...8 for "2756 feet 7 Inches Plank." Later in the month he made an agreement with the same operator:
On June 3, 1785, "Mr. Howel" delivered 134 feet of pine plank and 206 feet of 1-inch pine plank worth £ 3...3...11-1/2 [19] and on both October 5 and 26 there were two six-horse teams hauling plank from Baltimore. [20] On July 1 and 18, 1786, there were four-horse teams hauling "Shingle Stuff" (probably bolts for splitting) and rafters and laths. [21]
Account Book LIV carries records for a number of sawyers by name in the year 1787. It is difficult to read but is full of items like "To Sawing Sheating plank," "sawing for the mill," "Sawing Inch 1/4 popler," "Sawing for the hen house," "Sawing Joice 16 feet long," "Sawing of rafters," "Sawing Inch oke" and "Sawing for the brigs." The latter may have referred to lumber for the use of Ships' carpenters.
The Six Carpenters' Bills:
The six detailed carpenters' lists from the Ridgely Papers published by William D. Hoyt, Jr., in the Maryland Historical Magazine, Vol. XXXIII, No. 4 (December 1938) pp. 352-371, represents a heroic job of transcription, for the original manuscripts are difficult to read. The spelling--both of Captain Ridgely and his mechanics--is partly phonetic and in some places undecipherable. The meaning of many words and phrases has been long forgotten. The writer's experience in such builders' documents suggests a number of corrections but on the whole Dr. Hoyt did a very commendable job. [22]
There follow some observations on these bills.. I have kept Dr. Hoyt's numbering but I do not believe that they are in the proper order chronologically. It will be noted that only one is dated. The true order should probably be 5-2-3-1-6. As explained below I don't believe that Document No. 4 belongs to the Mansion; it probably concerns another of the several Ridgely buildings put up in this period.
Much of the work could be called "joiners" work in the terminology of the 18th century, but its distinction from "carpenters' work" has never been clearly drawn--either in England or America.
"Bill No. 1"
Bill from Jehu Howell's estate for carpenters' and joiners' work (12 pp. unsigned and undated except for two items near the end).
From this tremendous and detailed billing which totaled £ 1815...16...9, it would appear that the exterior of the house including dormers and eaves on the roof, as well as the great "Doom" or cupola, were completed well before Howell"s death in November, 1787. A great deal of finished woodwork, both upstairs and down, as well as carpentry in the garret and cellar, is listed.
None of this would have been installed before the roof was shingled. On December 16, 1786, there is an item for "Warner" putting in windows so the roof was probably completed before then.
Other mechanics mentioned in this document are: William Richardson, Michael Shannon, Smithson & Fuller, Coffey, and Dodson (or Dotson). These men are discussed in Section G.
For the period after Howell's decease there is a great list of minor detail, mostly about the hanging of doors and shutters and the installation of hardware. Several items seem worth comment:
(1) References like "dotson's room upstairs" suggest that carpenters were assigned specific rooms to work out the trim more or less by themselves.
(2) Items for the framing and shingling of the "pantries" suggest that these were in what we now call the "hyphens."
(3) The original gutters were made of wood lined with sheet lead and shingled into the roof. (The nature of 18th-century gutters has generally been obscure; not many examples have survived).
(4) Items referring to the window frames "cut out for weight" suggest that it was decided to substitute box frames (with counterweighted sash and pullies) for plank frames during the course of the project. The familiar modern terms "double hung" and "parting strip" occur in these bills. [23]
(5) The floors were of three types--butt joint, tongue and groove "blind-nailed" and dowelled.
"Bill No. 2"
Bill from Jehu Howell's estate for carpenters' and joiners' work (3 pp., unsigned, undated). The submission of the bill was necessarily after Howell's death in November, 1787, but to narrow the period it was for work done before November 4, 1784, when Howell moved to his own quarters.
There are many items for framing the floors, part of which would have been simultaneous with the laying up of the masonry walls. Roof framing and shingling accounts for much of the bill. Included is work done on the "mane house" as well as the east and west wings. Some of the work listed is interior finish work which would hardly have been attempted before the roof was shingled.
During the period it appears that Howell boarded part of the time with Ridgely and part of the time he fed himself and carpenter Strawbridge. It also appears that Michael Shannon boarded part of the time with Ridgely (deduction of £ 48...4...7) as did Ramsey McGee (£ 60...0....0).
"Bill No. 3"
Bill to Jehu Howell from Michael Shannon (2 pp., unsigned, undated).
This is a bill for interior joinery, at least part of which was done between June 14, 1786, and June 19, 1787. Because it is unlikely that any of this interior work was attempted before the shingling of the roof it probably indicates that the latter was complete by the earlier date.
Notable items are "a Sett of Pelaster (pilasters) in Lobby" and "one Bedsted," made for the owner.
"Bill No. 4"
Bill to Captain Ridgely for carpenters' work "dun on kichen" (2 pp., unsigned, undated).
It seems likely that this short list refers to a detached or semidetached kitchen at some other place--perhaps at the house "in the Neck" as suggested by the endorsement.
An interesting item is "28 feet of hand Railes with Chenie work," evidently what we now call "Chinese Chippendale" fretwork. There is some of this on the second floor of Hampton's main porches but l see no place for it on the east or kitchen wing.
"Bill No. 5"
Memorandum by Charles Ridgely (l p., unsigned, undated).
This refers at least in part to masonry work on the chimneys evidently done by William Riddle and Thomas Green.
Interesting is the statement "Mr. Richardson in the Spring has Promosed me Shure to make my Doom bilt." This suggests a date at least as early as 1786 or 1787. [24]
"Bill No. 6"
Estimate by Henry Carlile for "Captain Ridgelys Parlor" dated November 7, 1787 (unsigned, possibly in Carlile's own handwriting). Which room of the Mansion was called "the parlor" is not known.
The endorsement in Captain Ridgely's handwriting seems to indicate that the latter made an agreement with Carlile on November 26 (a few days after Howell's death) to complete the room.
One mystery presents itself: Why did Captain Ridgely get an estimate from Henry Carlile on November 7, 1787, less than three weeks before Howell's accidental death? It is easier to understand that Ridgely accepted the estimate by express on November 26, immediately after news of Howell's death. The question might be asked, however, why others of the Howell and Richardson staff such as Shannon, McGee, Dotson, Smithson, or Fuller weren't asked to do the work.
It is probable that the various items of work can be identified in the Mansion but to do this would be a considerable research project in itself. If we had a full set of measured drawings of the interiors, the quantities could be taken off from the drawings and compared with the entries in the Hampton accounts. But even in 1970 we still lack such a record and the quantities would have to be taken directly from the woodwork of each of the rooms.
From information gathered in the study of 18th-century buildings in Philadelphia all--or nearly all--of the builders' terms used in the Ridgely manuscripts can probably be identified. [25]
The identification of the mechanics who worked on a project are a routine concern of the construction historian; oftentimes such research leads to important discoveries in the domain of architectural history. First of all we will consider Jehu Howell, one of the principal figures at Hampton.
The Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertisers for November 27, 1787, ran the following sad notice:
At the time of the accident Jehu Howell, with William Richardson and others, had been building the Mansion, still incomplete. Howell, being "a very ingenious Architect," was likely the designer. The term "architect" was still an uncommon one in America at that time and the word generally referred to what we now call a "carpenter-architect."
A reference to Jehu Howell appears in the records of the First Presbyterian Church of Baltimore when a man of that name was listed as a member in 1770, but "out of town" in 1773. [26]
On January 29, 1773, Howell's name appears in one of Captain Ridgely's daybooks. The item is only partly legible but it involved 7/6 worth of shingles. [27] There are subsequent entries with Howell's name but the greatest number appear in a tabulation at the end of the volume where it was noted that our man received an issue of one quart of rum no less than 68 times! On these same pages one Jacob Howell got twenty issues of rum and John Howell eighteen. At another point in this bibulous record appears the item "The Carpenters in General. . .2 qts."
It would appear that Captain Ridgely had a construction project under way at Northampton Furnace soon after he inherited it from his father and that in the carpenter corps he had a family of rum-drinking Presbyterians, one of whom stayed on for twelve years or more to take an important part in the building of Hampton Mansion.
The oldest document we have from Howell's hand is a letter from him to Captain Ridgely dated October 14, 1781, asking for help in collecting some money owed by Darby Lux. [28] In another letter, May 13, 1782, Howell wanted one hundred dollars from Ridgely so he could send sixty to his wife. It appears that in partnership with Richardson and one Walsh he owned over twenty thousand acres of surveyed land near Fort Pitt. At that time he had a suit against one Stevenson (?) for payment for a house worth around £ 96-100. [29] As we have seen above, Howell and Richardson had been building Captain Ridgely's house "on the Neck" before August of 1783. [30] In 1784 they seemed to have hopes of also building a courthouse for Baltimore County. [31]
Account Book XLVIII ? (Ledger, 1784-86 ?) itemizes various goods and services being provided by the Ridgely organization to Jehu Howell, his family, his household and his employees and apprentices.
We know that part of the time while work was in progress at the Mansion Howell boarded with Captain Ridgely and part of the time he boarded himself. On November 4, 1784, Howell was charged with a half-day's use of a four-horse team to remove his "wife & Furniture." Whose wife and from where to where is not specified but the distance obviously could not have been great. Ledger G (WH) shows that in 1787 Howell was billed £ 45 for three years rent of "House & Garden," which would have exactly covered the interval until his death. A charge for one plow horse for one-third of a day in the spring of 1785 suggests that he was cultivating a garden alongside a tenant house. [32]
Wood, candles, salt, bacon, beef, game, "purtators," corn flour, turnips, cider, wine and rum were among the items received in lieu of cash. Certain entries revealling details of Howell's household and of his own crew of builders are worth noting here:
In the records a certain number of documents remain from the closing of Howell's estate. They show that on March 3, 1788, Joseph Wheeler and Benjamin Bowing were appointed to appraise the goods and chattels. Their list was made on May 24 and on June 19 Margery Howell, Acting Administratrix (and presumably the widow), swore to its accuracy. The list is not a long one and it consists mainly of ordinary household items. A parcel of old carpenter's tools valued at £ 4.2s.6d seems to have been all of the professional equipment left by the builder.
There was also "a parcel of old books" at £ 1.10s0d. We could wish that the titles of the books had been recorded; they might have suggested some published sources for the designs of Hampton's interior woodwork. [33] No original Hampton drawings are referred to anywhere, nor have any contemporary references to the origin of the architectural design come down to us. Yet they must have existed, when construction began, and it seems very likely that Howell drew them.
This report assembles what has been discovered of Howell so far. Undoubtedly, much more can be found. It would be interesting to know where he got his training. This writer would not be surprised if Howell came from the Philadelphia area. He seems to have owned land near Pittsburgh; this may have been a veteran's bonus for military service. This writer guesses that further research will identify this man.
Besides Jehu Howell no less than seventeen other carpenters were active on the Ridgely enterprises in the years the Mansion was built. Some men were closely associated with Howell and Richardson as journeymen and apprentices. In other cases the relationship, if any, is not clear. The men are listed alphbetically below.
1. Henry Bateson
Bateson is identified as a carpenter in the account books between July 23, 1784, and January 10, 1787. From the nature of the supplies got from Captain Ridgely he evidently was a family man who kept a garden and bought shoes, food and drink as needed. [34] His name is not connected with Jehu Howell--or work on the Mansion--in any references so far noted.
2. Henry Carlile
On November 7, 1787, shortly before Jehu Howell's death, one Henry Carlile submitted a detailed estimate for trimming out "Capt. Ridgelys Parlor" totaling £ 100...0...4. From this he subtracted one-sixth or £ 16...13...4-1/2 "for Mr. Howel," apparently planning to board with the latter at the established percentage. On November 26, shortly after Howell's death, Ridgely apparently sent an express message to engage Carlile for further work but I have seen no evidence that any agreement was actually made. [35]
3. ----- Coffey
In Carpenters' Bill No. 1 is this passage "he must make a Reduction for the Inside Shottors and back Laps Coffey made as we have Counted the said to you as if you had finished the whole." [36] This passage suggests that a carpenter named Coffey executed some of the finished woodwork about 1786-7. The name was not noted elsewhere in the Hampton records.
4. John Dotson
Dotson appears as early as January 5, 1785, in the records of the Ridgely store [37] and six days later in Jehu Howell's account when he bought a bushel of bran. [38] Dotson was assigned to do the trim in what were called "Dotson's North Room" and "Dotson's South Room" on the first floor. [39] Most of his work seems to have been completed by the time of Howell's death. The fitting, hanging and adjusting of the doors, windows and shutters were the principal items. [40] He also paid 10s for "making a well Cerb." [41]
5. Robert Guttery
The name of this man appears once as a carpenter when he was paid £ 3 on January 31, 1785. [42] The nature of the work was not specified. His name is not connected with Jehu Howell--or work on the Mansion--in any references so far noted.
6. Jacob Howell
As we have seen above, Jacob Howell, quite possibly a relative of Jehu's, was working (or at least drinking) at Captain Ridgely's plantation just before the Revolutionary War. Ledger E (fo. 92) shows that Jacob by October 9, 1784, had consumed £ 47...13...0-1/2 worth of board "from the time he began to work by the Day," that this account was settled by Jehu Howell and that in the period January 4 - October 21, 1784, he performed " some work on the Great house" as well as work done on a "Kitchg & wash House" elsewhere on the Ridgely properties. The total of work was recorded as £ 143...4...5 of which part was paid direct by Jehu Howell. Subtracted from this large sum was "1 Shingling hammer" valued at five shillings (fo.83).
Why Jacob Howell's services were discontinued does not appear.
7. John McClure
Historian Bienvenu names McClure as a carpenter working on the Mansion. [43] He is mentioned in Account Book XLVII in the period 1784-85. On May 16, 1785, there is the unexplained McClure item connected with Jehu Howell "to so much for takeg up your house. . .£ 3...14...9" and later a payment of £ 40... [44]
Account Book XLII shows that McClure did a small amount of work "at Furnace" along with Howell and Richardson who were heavily involved with the Mansion at that time. [45]
8. Ramsey McGee
McGee appears in the Ridgely account books as early as June 19, 1784, when he received £ 6 cash. [46] Items such as "2 pr of Shoes for your children" [47] and a pair of "Negro Shoes" [48] suggest that he was a family man with a colored servant. Other entries for food and drink were few and suggest that the McGees were either living very simply or were shopping in Baltimore.
Carpenters' Bill No. 2 [49] shows that McGee did £ 60 worth of work while boarding with Captain Ridgely. McGee does not seem to appear in the account books after April 14, 1786. [50] It may be that he was employed only for rough work with the finishing work reserved for others more skilled.
9. George Milleman
Ridgely's account with Jehu Howell mentions (September 26, 1786) buying a pair of shoes at 11s for "your prentis Gorge Milleman," [51] an item which was repeated the following January 17. [52]
How long Milleman remained at Hampton we do not know. He later appears as the architect of the new Baltimore Court House in 1809. [53] It may well be that the design and construction of Hampton served as his professional education.
10. John Noland
There is a single reference (March 31, 1789) to carpenter John Noland in Account Book LVII. It is not known that he worked on the Mansion.
11. Richard Pearl
Pearl appears in Carpenters' Bill No. 1 as December 16, 1786, for "making Loom Roods," [54] whatever they are. Jehu Howell's accounts on January 10, 1787, mention that Pearl bought a pair of shoes for 11 shillings. [55] No further mentions were noted.
12. William Richardson
William Richardson came to Hampton as a partner of Jehu Howell (q.v.). His name does not appear in the account books frequently and there is no indication that he was much in residence there. It is possible that he lived in Baltimore and only visited Hampton, with Howell as the partner in residence. This man is sometimes referred to as "Captain" William Richardson. There were a number of men by that name in the Revolutionary War rolls of Maryland but none of these leads were followed up by the writer.
In Carpenters' Bills No. 1 and 2, it appears that Richardson specifically did the frames for eight dormer windows and a small part of the cornice work. I have not been able to attribute any other parts of the construction to him.
In the Ridgely account books Richardson appears from a least the period beginning July 2, 1783, (request for a loan of ten pounds) [56] to May 6, 1786. He was a signer of the constitution of the Carpenters' Society of Baltimore in 1791. There are entries in a Ridgely account book for him in May of that year for shoes both for himself and for his horse. [57]
13. Michael Shannon
Shannon worked on Hampton in the first period, when he earned the large sum of £ 108...4...7 from which £ 48...4...7 was to be deducted for board. [58] He was evidently a journeyman carpenter working under the direction of Jehu Howell (q.v.); their affairs are entwined in the Ridgely account books.
On December 1, 1786, Shannon got 9-1/2 pounds of superfine flour [59] and five days later a peck of corn. [60] In the second period he did elaborate work in the "Hall Rooms" upstairs [61] as well as "a Sett of Pelaster in Lobby" and "180 pannels in Pantry." [62] During the period October 11-December 27, 1787, he was building a kitchen for the Captain's three-story townhouse on Gay Street, Baltimore, for which he was to receive £ 36...8..7 [63]
The Federal census of 1790 shows Shannon living in Baltimore Town with a family of ten. [64] The following year he subscribed to the Constitution of the Carpenters Society of Baltimore.
14. Robert Strawbridge
Captain Ridgely had a bad time spelling Robert Strawbridge's name: it comes out as "Strybridge," "Staybridge," "Strobgard," "Strobbge," and other variants. In the books he appears as early as March 2, 1783, in Jehu Howell's account for a pair of shoes at ten shillings. [65] Whether he was an apprentice, a journeyman or only a helper doesn't appear. Strawbridge was a steady consumer of shoes, the last pair being purchased on October 23, 1786. [66] He is mentioned finally in the settlement of Howell's estate on or after 1787 when it was states (Bill No. 2) that "there aught to be alowanc made Mr Howell for abording himself and Strawbridge when doing part of the above work." [67]
15. and 16. Smithson and Fuller
These men (first names not ascertained) appear to have worked in unison. Their names always appear together--even on January 10, 1787, when, according to Howell's account, the former bought five pounds of bacon and the latter five and three-quarters pounds. [68] The accounts show that these men trimmed out in an elaborate way a "South Room" and a "North Room upstairs," whichever ones they were. [69] After Howell's death they completed the work on eight windows and hung two doors, installing locks on same. [70]
17. John Warner
Warner appears in the records as an apprentice carpenter on September 20, 1786, when he got a quart of rum for ls 6d. [71] On December 1 he got a pair of shoes for three shillings. [72] On December 16, 1786, Warner did 3/4 day's work installing windows. [73]
Turner's Work:
Ledger G [74] shows that William Phillips, turner, in addition to making chairs, tables, spinning wheels and cogs for machinery, also did architectural work for Ridgely. The following Phillips items have been noted:
In return Phillips got cash, flour and rum from the.plantation stores.
Other Trades:
So far undiscovered in the Ridgely Papers are the bills for interior plastering and for painting. The work may have been done by slave labor and not charged on the company books.
The only record of glazing found is in Ledger I.P. No. 1. On December 19, 1786 there is an entry for cutting glass (1s.) and glazing (£ 1/7/7-1/2) by one John Supp, glazier. In return Supp drew flour, beef, and bacon from the company stores.
Hampton has double-hung windows, and, as might be expected, the weights were cast on the place. In Account Book LI there is an item dated September 30, 1786, for eight sash weights weighing 66 lbs. billed to Captain Charles Ridgely at 6d per lb. or £ 1...2...0 and more in the following year. Presumably, they were used in the Mansion.
Last Updated: 07-Jul-2008


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My weekend A&E was focused on watching as many films as possible.
Well, for pleasure, of course. But also because I'm a voting member in the Indiana Film Journalists Association and this is when we pick our annual awards.
I'll be writing about the winners, the process, and my choices in next week's IBJ.
For now, here's what resulted from our multi-hour debate at Sahm's Tavern (remember, these are the results of the group debating and voting):
Best Film of the Year
Winner: "The Artist"
Runner-up: "The Descendants"
Other Finalists: "Coriolanus," "Drive," "Hugo," "Martha Marcy May Marlene," "The Muppets," "The Skin I Live In," "Super 8," "The Tree of Life.
Best Animated Film
Winner: "Rango"
Runner-up: "Winnie the Pooh"
Best Foreign Language Film
Winner: "The Skin I Live In"
Runner-up: "13 Assassins"
Best Documentary
Winner: "Project Nim"
Runner-up: "Into the Abyss"
Best Original Screenplay
Winner: Thomas McCarthy, "Win Win"
Runner-up: J.C. Chandor, "Margin Call"
Best Adapted Screenplay
Winner: Alexander Payne, Nat Faxon and Jim Rash, "The Descendants"
Runner-up: Steven Zaillian and Aaron Sorkin, "Moneyball"
Best Director
Winner: Michel Hazanavicius, "The Artist"
Runner-up: Terrence Malick, "The Tree of Life"
Best Actress
Winner: Elizabeth Olsen, "Martha Marcy May Marlene"
Runner-up: Tilda Swinton, "We Need To Talk About Kevin"
Best Supporting Actress
Winner: Viola Davis, "The Help"
Runner-up: Amy Ryan, "Win Win"
Best Actor
Winner: Paul Giamatti, "Win Win"
Runner-up: Ralph Fiennes, "Coriolanus"
Best Supporting Actor
Winner: Christopher Plummer, "Beginners"
Runner-up: Albert Brooks, "Drive"
Best Musical Score
Winner: Ludovic Bource, "The Artist"
Runner-up: Howard Shore, "Hugo"
Original Vision Award
Winner: "The Tree of Life"
Runner-up: "The Artist"
The Hoosier Award
Winner: Lindsay Goffman, producer of "Dumbstruck"
Your thoughts?


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Ultimate Fighting Championship officials on Saturday night handed out their traditional post-fight awards and bonuses, and while there were plenty of options to choose from at UFC 125, the award winners couldn't be argued.
The main event came down to a draw, but outside of the decision, no one would argue that it wasn't the UFC 125 Fight of the Night.
Gray Maynard had UFC lightweight champion Frankie Edgar defeated six ways to Sunday in the opening round, but somehow, Edgar found something deep within himself and survived to fight on.
And fight on he did, through the full five rounds of the fight. Each fighter had his moments where he took control, nearly finishing the other, but in the end, the three judges split it 48-46 for Maynard, 48-46 for Edgar, and 47-47, for a draw.
Both Edgar and Maynard walked away with an extra $60,000 for their efforts, though neither was likely happy with a draw.
Clay Guida, who gave all the respect in the world to his opponent, wouldn't give Takanori Gomi the fight. Guida wants to make a run at Edgar's UFC lightweight title and he's on his way with three-straight victories, capped with his Submission of the Night performance against "The Fireball Kid."
Guida finished Gomi with a deep rear naked choke in the waning moments of the second round, earning a $60,000 bonus check.
The Knockout of the Night could also have fallen into the Comeback Kid category. Marcus Davis bested Jeremy Stephens for the better part of two and a half rounds, but couldn't close him out. Instead, in desperation mode, Stephens pressed the action in round three and ended up clipping Davis on the chin, laying him out cold, and leaving him flat on his back.
The crushing KO scored Stephens a $60,000 bonus check.
"Stevens realizing that he was in desperation mode, Stephens pressed the action in ROUND THREE and ended up clipping Davis on the chin, laying him out cold, flat on his back." – NOW explain to me how Stephens could have won this fight in the 3rd, while the author wrote………. "Marcus Davis bested Jeremy Stephens for the better part of three and a half rounds," – LOL I thought non-title fights were ONLY 3 rounds?!? So Davis beats Stephens up for 3.5 Rounds, but loses in the 3rd Round?!? IMPOSSIBLE – Maybe the author of this article should proof read b4 submitting an error filled "masterpiece".
Either they corrected it or your read it wron, because it says "two and a half rounds" now.
It was an error. We corrected it.
© 2011 MMA Weekly All Rights Reserved.


text:
This is the first time in more than three months I've genuinely been looking forward to a somewhat relaxing weekend. I plan on doing little else but taking care of household chores, playing with my kids, watching some baseball, reading, and playing a few games on my Wii.
The First Million Is The Hardest This is a brilliant illustration of the impact of the power of compound interest over a lifetime of financial responsibility – the later years are absolutely amazing. (@ moolanomy)
Finding and Killing Nemo Along With My Debt Snowball Sometimes, things that seem like a great deal end up not being a very good deal after all. Total cost of ownership, my friend, total cost of ownership. (@ gather little by little)
One Man Who Beats The Market (And His Suggestions For Individual Investors I've been thinking about portfolios a lot lately, and this is more fuel for the fire. (@ get rich slowly)
The Simple Dollar Retro: Calculating Net Worth: What Should One Do With Their Primary Residence? Personally, we're counting the house as an asset and the mortgage as a debt.


text:
Talk:The Scarlet Letter
From Keywords
I really enjoyed your presentation of the Scarlet Letter. It gave me more of an insight to the book. --Luwanda
Hello I thought you all did a great job on your page. I did find two minor spelling errors. In the last paragraph (I think) of the "Plot Summary" section, there needs to be an -s- at the end of the word 'depart', this is what the text says right now, "He then collapses and depart this life,". The other spelling error I found was in the "Feminism, Isolation..." section, there needs to be an -er ending with the word 'rough', the text reads "...stronger and rough...". Overall it was a great presentation today! -Liz
hey! thanks for the edit! I fixed it...haha that was stupid. thanks again! -YJ
Hey all, I thought your group presentation was awesome on Thursday! It was really fun analyzing the Scarlet Letter from the different perspectives of the secondary writers chosen for this novel and everyone seemed really knowledgeable about their sources. For the collaborative essay, I really liked the section (Feminism, Isolationism, and Norms)where you contrasted Hester with Dimmsdale and Chillingworth. One thing I might suggest is that you expand this area a bit further? I think it'd be interesting to explore why Hester ultimately decides to come back to the Puritan society instead of living with Pearl as customary or move away after Pearl grew up...And just a minor grammatical thing I noticed. in the overview, someone probably pushed "t" twice on accident when spelling scarlet. Good Job again! -Nathan
--- I liked the topic about feminism and how Hawthorne gave Hester different traits from the men. It is true that throughtout the story it seemed as though there wasn't an emphasis on Hester's female qualities or characteristics other than being a mother and seamstress. The scene that actually defines her sex the most to me was when she talked in the forest with Dimmesdale. That was the only time she showed in real emotions and passion, and it was towards a male countrepart which made me finally view her in a more feminine light. --Kasmira
--- The part about Hawthorn's era was a very good supplement to the Scarlet letter. Being able to put the novel in context is important for decoding the purpose of some of the passages. I thought there was a great point about Hawthorn's time and how the private sector became increasingly valued, but I was a little confused about one sentence in particular. "... Hawthorne creates a connection between the public of Puritan Boston and of the nineteenth century." It seems like this sentence ended too early, the ideas of the nineteenth century? The contemporary thought of the nineteenth century? some clarification in this sentence would really strengthen your argument. Otherwise, good job!
Good job group! The content within your annotated bibliographies seems like it's off to a good start, but could use some fleshing out on most all of your work. The plot summary in your collaborative essay seems a bit daunting, so you might want to cut it down a bit - also, its really great that you mentions Foucault in the Private vs. Public section, but I would add a quote from him to better back up your argument. Thanks again for all of your great work, and keep it coming! :) – Brittany
Hey guys, awesome job with everything. I liked your presentation in class - it was very clear and concise, which is good because you all got your points across quite clearly. I also liked the fact that you put Hawthorne's era in its own separate section to let the reader know what he or she is dealing with, when it comes to understanding the culture of the novel. I feel like that is an important aspect of reading any book, so that all of us have a better grasp on the situation in the storyline. What I would suggest is to cite all your sources in the end, rather than just two of them. Overall though, very nicely written - I enjoyed reading it. :D--Lora 00:25, 29 April 2008 (EDT)
Very good sections of thought put into the essay. It highlights good topics that a reader can keep in mind to get much more out of the novel. The summary seems too much on the dry side. It sounds more like a recipe to me than a summary of key points in the novel. Maybe you could briefly mention the significance of key moments like when the meteor shoots across the sky. Put some significance to the occurrence instead of just saying it happened. You have great thoughts in your essay, now put them throughout the whole thing.:) ~Janessa
I started out by just editing a minor typo in the "Public vs. Private" section, but it got me thinking that I'd like to see a little bit more explanation of the significance of Dimmesdale's final confession at the end of that section. I feel that it ends too quickly, and can explore how the theme of gender roles plays into confessions (who hears them, what power compels them, whether they bring absolution, etc.), and how Dimmesdale's confession as a man may be different from that of a woman. -Brian
All of you wrote excellent commentary about this complex novel. You have interesting insights. I would be interested to see an elaboration on a particular claim in the section title "Feminism, Isolation, and Norms in the Scarlet Letter." It was stated, "Hester is desexualized when she is wearing the letter A, but at the same time it is what makes her stronger and helps her to overthrow domesticity and submissiveness." Is there a connection here between being desexualized and being strong and subversive? How do the two go together? Is freedom from gender roles a means of claiming power? - Julia
Your group did a great job with the Scarlet Letter! The insight you provided on your secondary sources on Thursday was interesting. I especially like that you included the section, "Hawthorne's Era." The era in which these novels take place is obviously very vital to the dynamics of the relationships between the characters. Including a brief overview of the society at that time provides a deeper understanding of the challenges they face. -Elena
Is there a connection here between being desexualized and being strong and subversive? How do the two go together? Is freedom from gender roles a means of claiming power? – Julia Yes, there is a clear connection between becoming desexualized and the strength Hester gains in the process. Gender is a social institution that divides work at home, allocates authority and organizes sexuality. Gender is part of structured inequality. The inferior gender has less value and status. By not having that social construct that bounds her to those roles as a "female", Hester becomes free of the "gender role" that maintains the oppression of women. – Mahlet
Your analysis is very in depth. It is refreshing and much of it is new from what I have previously heard when the Scarlet Letter has been discussed and written about. It is "fresh." I like how there are many different perspectives presented all within one piece of work. Very well done!! - Rachel
I like the private vs public section because it is well explained and addresses an extremely significant aspect of the novel. This discussion between the two sectors shines light on the subject of Hester as a prime example of how society dictates norms by exploiting certain individuals. Unfortunately, in that society, people were so critical of anyone who lived outside of their norm that someone like Hester was literally made an example of to the rest of the community just to prove a point. I find it hard not to sympathize for Hester after knowing how much she suffers, not from her own inner turmoil, but from the harshness of society.--elena
I really enjoyed the well-written section on "Public vs. Private" sectors. One line especially struck me as holding great value to the novel. You state, "Hester is given insight into other's private sectors because she is placed into the public eye; she is given the opportunity to have a view of the privileged secrecy given to others." I think this aspect of Hester's life is so valuable to the story because it reveals the irony of her exploitation. You go on to discuss the envy that is actually produced out of this, and it really made me think outside of the accepted understanding of her conviction.--Elena
Hey, thanks to whoever wrote the last part of the collaborative essay about family. I used some of it for my final paper and it worked out great! Just to give some of you a glimpse of what I talked about.. my essay topic pretty much came down to the idea of family and what it exactly looks like. But to explain the image of a family also takes on somewhat of a subjective point-of-view because in actuality, everyone has their own view of a family. That is why in my essay, I try to make it clear that the word, "family," becomes a simple metaphor for the infinite amount of forms that it can mold into. For example, a family does not necessarily have to be blood-related; because looking at today's society, many families exist that are formed through divorce, artificial insemination, surrogate mothers, etc. Thus, families can be formed through simple bonds and affection people have toward one another. Okay, enough of that..
- Aaron Park


text:
Metallica Through the Never: An IMAX 3D Experience
Starring Metallica, a cast of thousands of their fans and breakout star Dane DeHaan, Metallica Through the Never is written and directed by award-winning filmmaker Nimrod Antal and produced by former IMAX film producer Charlotte Huggins. The film marries groundbreaking footage and editing techniques with a compelling narrative, in which a band crew member is sent out on a mission during Metallica's roaring live set in front of a sold-out arena. While on this mission, he unexpectedly has his life… Show more
Created by Zvents
Concert films are tricky propositions, particularly for bands with a long history.
How do you balance showcasing what you ostensibly do best — perform live — with some element acknowledging that the audience is watching something that has already happened?
Over the years, rock acts have tried with various degrees of success to blend the cinematic with the musical — Led Zeppelin created weird interstitial shorts for The Song Remains the Same; Talking Heads went full-tilt avant garde for Stop Making Sense — but few bands, apart from pop stars like Katy Perry or One Direction, have gone the IMAX 3-D route, which lends some immediacy and helps immerse the viewer in the film.(Full review)
Hot Tickets More »
Mon 10/20 8:00p
Fri 1/23 7:30p
Thu 10/16 6:00p
Thu 10/30 7:30p
Mon 10/6 12:00p
Sat 11/8 7:00p


text:
SDN Announces New Editorial Board Openings
By Chivas Owle
The Student Doctor Network is currently seeking volunteers for the SDN Editorial Board.
As part of our mission to help students become doctors, SDN publishes informational and "how-to" articles. These articles are published three times a week on Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays during the academic year and twice weekly on Sunday and Wednesday during the summer.
Before an article is published, the Student Doctor Network Editorial Board reviews all original materials for appropriateness and relevance to SDN members. The Editorial Board also helps improve the quality of articles by correcting grammar, suggesting content or style improvements, and ultimately voting whether an article is appropriate for publication on SDN.
The most updated editorial board list can be found here.
We are excited to announce that Editorial Board volunteer positions are now open to all interested members of SDN. Members who are interested in volunteering are encouraged to fill out a helpdesk ticket, selecting "Articles" as the topic, or by applying here.
Editorial Board
Eric C. Anderson, MD, PhD – Fellow, Medical Oncology – Oregon Health & Science Univ / Knight Cancer Institute
Rik Austin – MD Candidate 2014 – Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Lee Burnett, DO – Family Medicine – Director, Student Doctor Network
Deborah Kim, MD – Family Medicine Resident – Bryn Mawr Hospital
Emily Lund, MEd – Education/Psychology PhD student – Utah State University
Anna Peck, PharmD – University of Iowa College of Pharmacy
Audrey Stanton, DO, MPH – Emergency Medicine – St. John Health System, Tulsa, OK
Matthew Wasco, MD – Pathologist – St Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
Editorial Management
Chivas Owle, PharmD – Editor-in-Chief – Student Doctor Network
Andrew Crisologo, DPM Candidate 2014 – Editorial Board Coordinator – Des Moines University Des Moines, IA
Laura Turner, MS – Executive Director – Student Doctor Network
Sarah M. Lawrence, PharmD, MA – Director – Student Doctor Network
To discuss this or any article on SDN please visit our Article Discussions Forum. Hope to see you there!


text:
Washington state and its neighbors in the U.S. Pacific Northwest claim to have established an early leadership position in the development of sustainable aviation biofuels.
Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by the aviation industry will increase three-fold by 2050 in spite of an industry goal to cut them in half, according to a new World Economic Forum report that identifies biofuels as one of the most promising ways to reduce aviation's carbon footprint.
Civil unrest in the Middle East has pushed up the price of jet fuel by more than 30 percent since December. In response, airlines have increased ticket prices, and some have announced they will begin grounding older, less-efficient aircraft types. While no one knows for sure how long this spike in prices will last, it has prompted many in the industry to turn their attention back to the promise of biofuel.
Aviation fuel-management software provider FuelerLinx has unveiled a new fueling pricing aid. The San Francisco-based company, which developed software that automatically finds the latest fuel prices for its customers, is demonstrating its FBOLinx Web site (www.fbolinx.com) here at the NBAA convention (Booth No. 5748).
Everest Fuel Management is using its NBAA appearance (Booth No. 6048) to mark an impressive milestone. In business for five years, the Houston-based company has recently added its 2,000th jet to its fuel program.
World Fuel Services has agreed to acquire Eden Prairie, Minn.-based Western Petroleum, including its branded aviation fuel distribution business, for $95 million. The $95 million purchase price could be increased by up to $20 million if Western's net assets exceed an agreed target at completion of the deal, which is expected this month.
Eurocopter and parent company EADS have teamed with Argentina-based BioCombustibles del Chubut (BC) to study the feasibility of building an aviation biofuel factory in Brazil. The three companies signed an agreement in June. The biofuel, made from algae, could be used in Eurocopter's diesel engines for light helicopters, which are now in the research stage (see AIN, February, page 44).
World Fuel Services on Monday announced an agreement to acquire Eden Prairie, Minn.-based Western Petroleum, including its branded aviation fuel distribution business, for $95 million.
Plans by British Airways and U.S. energy solutions company Solena Group to establish Europe's first sustainable jet-fuel plant–dubbed "GreenSky"–are being outlined here at the Farnborough airshow by the Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI), which claims to lead the development, testing, environmental acceptance, qualification and deployment of alternative aviation fuels.
Participation by more than 200 American companies at the U.S. International Pavilion here at the Farnborough airshow underscores the strong resurgence of the North American aerospace industry after two years of economic turmoil, organizers and delegates said.