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A report commissioned by Environment Australia October 1997
Robert Lehane
Science Communication Services
Commonwealth of Australia
Multiple use management will be a cornerstone of Australia's Oceans Policy, as it is of the Commonwealth Coastal Policy issued in 1995 and the National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia's Biological Diversity adopted by all Australian Governments in 1996. Its principles are consistent with those set out in the Inter-Governmental Agreement on the Environment (IGAE) of 1992 to guide the development of environmental policy by the Commonwealth Government and State and Territory Governments.
Many key international instruments, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Convention on Biodiversity, also implicitly or explicitly recognise the central role of multiple use management.
The need to balance competing uses of the marine environment including shipping, exploitation of resources ranging from fisheries to hydrocarbons, waste disposal, laying and operation of cables and pipelines, tourism and scientific researching an ecologically sustainable manner presents major challenges. Traditional approaches based on sectoral planning have been characterised by fragmentation of legal and administrative responsibilities between spheres of government and within and between agencies. The result has been described as a `tyranny of small decisions' and a `jurisdictional nightmare'.
There is increasing recognition of the need to establish integrated mechanisms for the multiple use management of the marine environment. This does not imply the creation of a single management institution. Rather it is about creating an operational framework that, while retaining the benefits and efficiencies of sectoral management and associated expertise, brings together management of different parts of the marine environment and ensures that common objectives are achieved.
Multiple use management aims to integrate the uses of a resource to reach an acceptable balance of outcomes across the full range of uses and users. It is underpinned by the following four fundamental principles:
This includes maintaining biodiversity, the ecological processes that support both biodiversity and resource productivity, and the effective functional roles of ecosystems and biodiversity in biological systems. The application of precautionary and anticipatory decision making are central to this principle.
This principle requires management and use of the marine environment for the sustainable, efficient and effective delivery of food, economic wealth, human enjoyment and human well-being.
Management of the marine environment should deliver and preserve inter-generational, intra-generational, cross-sectoral, cross-boundary and cross-cultural equity and options, including through ensuring national security. A principle of stewardship by governments and the community is implied. Inter-generational equity is sought through avoiding actions that are not potentially reversible on the time-scale of a human generation, considering long-term consequences in decision making, and restoring degraded aspects of the physical and biological environment.
Decision making frameworks should include, and consider in a meaningful manner, all sectoral and community interests. They should also ensure management objectives and decision making processes are not dominated or determined by particular sectors or interest groups, and integrate sector-specific management processes. Mechanisms are required to ensure that participants have similar access to both information and investigative capacity, so they can participate meaningfully in decision making. Participants should recognise and accept that the decisions made may not be optimal for all individual interests; dispute resolution mechanisms are provided. Also provided is a capacity to monitor achievement with respect to the four principles of multiple use management, and to take corrective action as necessary.
In any application, some of these principles are likely to be given more weight than others, depending on sectoral and regional priorities, but all are necessary and fundamental to multiple use management. Identification of appropriate hierarchies of management regions, and the interconnections between them, is a key consideration in its practical application. The hierarchy of spatially based management arrangements must recognise ecological structures and processes.
The two key elements are an appropriate legislative framework and an appropriate operational framework including a consultative mechanism, management strategies and plans, procedures for evaluation and assessment, and implementation capability.
The Commonwealth's existing legislative framework for management of the marine environment consisting of international treaties and related instruments, Commonwealth legislation and inter-governmental agreements is fragmented and complex. Legislation has developed in an ad hoc manner, and as a result divisions exist between laws governing, for example, the water and the seabed, living and non-living resources, commercial and non-commercial activities, and the use and conservation of marine resources. These divisions inhibit the development of an integrated approach to resource allocation, management and conservation.
In addition, there is only limited linkage between the legislation and policies governing the different uses.
Specific problems with the existing legislative framework include the following:
It is recognised, however, that legislative change cannot be expected in the short term. Multiple use management will need to progress under the existing legislative framework while a better framework is developed. A review of all existing marine sector legislation to identify gaps and areas of overlap would be a useful step forward.
The approach adopted in the IGAE - established `to improve inter-governmental coordination of environmental management and enhance consistency and certainty in government and business decision making, while providing better environmental protection' - contains many features needed for effective multiple use management. It is broad and generally integrative, and addresses aspects of decision making structures, coordination, communication and dispute resolution. Further development of this and similar agreements has the capacity to assist progress towards national multiple use management objectives.
Development of consultative forums that achieve national and cross-sectoral objectives in a cost-effective manner, and harmonise existing sectoral arrangements, is a key requirement. The approach suggested involves, firstly, identifying a relatively small number of regions, probably at the Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) scale. An LME is characterised by distinct bathymetry, hydrography, productivity, species composition and trophically interdependent populations, and covers an area of the order of 200 000 square kilometres or greater. These regions must be ecologically meaningful and have relatively few ecological and resource use connections across their boundaries. This scale would allow collation of outcomes at the national level, and provide a natural setting for the examination and discussion of management arrangements and outcomes for progressively smaller regions.
It is suggested that consultative procedures for application at the regional level should be developed on the following basis:
A small coordinating group would facilitate establishment of the national consultation process and maintain oversight of regional processes. Where they do not already exist, regional forums or advisory groups would be established. These would report through the national coordinating group to the lead agency and responsible Ministers.
At present, fully integrated multiple use management plans are rare for marine systems. The main example in Australia is that for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, although it excludes some uses such as mining.
Implementing multiple use management requires a cross-sectoral and regional approach to planning, and the development of specific multiple use management plans. Compatible and non-compatible uses need to be identified, recognising possibilities for sequential as well as coincident use, and allowing restricted or sole use through spatial reserves and zoning.
A technical framework for the design and evaluation of prospective plans is required. This must facilitate transparent and objective evaluation of the various management actions suggested during the consultation process and contribute constructively to the identification of acceptable balances in multiple use. The resulting management plans and arrangements should give some level of certainty to individual sectoral interests while remaining flexible and responsive to both experience and future learning.
Management strategies and plans must meet a minimum set of cross-sectoral objectives based on consistent interpretation of multiple use management and ecologically sustainable development. They must also specify a monitoring program and show how monitoring would be:
Scientific evaluation of the performance of prospective management strategies and tactics has for some time been a key element in most marine resource management frameworks. Consequently, procedures already exist for evaluating management strategies within most sectors. Approaches range from purely statistical `before and after impact' comparisons to complex risk assessments.
The procedures adopted must be capable of demonstrating that a management plan can reasonably be expected to achieve defined objectives despite lack of complete knowledge about the ecosystem and uncertainties in implementation of the management measures.
An approach widely used in fisheries assessment is Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE). This has been shown to provide a practical and useful framework for evaluating prospective management strategies in a marine context and in transparent, participatory management forums.
The key ingredients of the MSE approach are:
The MSE approach does not seek to specify an optimal strategy or decision; instead it aims to provide decision makers and decision making forums with information on which to base a rational decision, given their own objectives, preferences and attitudes to risk. A key element of the MSE approach is that it deals explicitly with sources of uncertainty in predicting the consequences of alternative management actions. The framework is scientifically rigorous and applications are accessible to scientific scrutiny and review.
Requirements include the financial, legal and human resources needed for effective implementation of management plans, including compliance and enforcement, and for cross-sector auditing or evaluation of the performance of the plans.
In recent years, the States and Commonwealth have increasingly needed to deal with interactions between user sectors in the marine environment to achieve regional and sector-specific management objectives. Actions taken have included establishment of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), the adoption of ecologically sustainable development as an objective of the Commonwealth legislation establishing the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA), the establishment of various local regional management structures and the development of new legislation in most States. The following are three examples of the approaches taken:
Legislation is being developed in Western Australia under a New Horizons in Marine Management policy aimed at providing a more coordinated approach to the management of marine resources, including biodiversity. This initiative creates a Marine Parks Authority responsible for three tiers of marine reservesMarine Management Areas, Marine Parks and Nature Reserves. The first two tiers are effectively multiple use areas, with zoning for exclusion of activities and uses expected to be rare in Marine Management Areas and extensive in Marine Parks. The intention is to provide resource security for sector operations while simultaneously conserving marine biodiversity, using an overall process codified into a statutory framework.
The primary goal of GBRMPA is to provide for the protection, wise use, understanding and enjoyment of the Great Barrier Reef in perpetuity. Its functions include preparation of zoning plans, conducting research and investigations, management and education. When developing zoning plans, the Authority is required to take into account a range of factors related to the conservation of the Reef and uses of the region. Wide public and interest group consultation occurs during development of the plans.
AFMA's objectives include ensuring fisheries are conducted in a manner consistent with ecologically sustainable development, maximising the economic efficiency of fisheries, implementing cost-effective fisheries management, and ensuring accountability to the fishing industry and Australian community for management of fisheries resources. The Authority provides a sectoral management arrangement, but deals with multiple use management issues through interactions with other users of the marine environment such as aquaculture, recreational, tourism and conservation users.
The consultants identified the following seven key action areas for the Commonwealth in the development and implementation of multiple use management:
The broad objective of this study was to examine best practice planning models applicable to the marine environment and `assess their applicability to a national planning framework with regard to Australia's ocean resources and the conservation of the marine environment and sustainable resource use.'
Four project tasks were undertaken:
The study focused on decision making processes for resource allocation and multiple use management, with the emphasis placed on practical aspects rather than theory. The view was taken that decision making will continue to occur in a decentralised fashion across a variety of sectors, States/Territories and agencies. Key issues addressed were:
One of the most often heard complaints about terrestrial planning in Australia is that planning boundaries almost never coincide with ecological boundaries. This is a legacy of jurisdictional and administrative boundaries being established in isolation of ecological knowledge.
The situation is different in the oceans. The jurisdictional and administrative divisions are less complex, we are dealing primarily with common property and we have a reasonable understanding of regional ecosystem boundaries. This combination of factors provides an excellent opportunity to implement a planning regime based on ecosystems and marine biogeographic regions.
Under international treaties, conventions and agreements, Australia has sovereign rights over its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf resources, and obligations that include:
Within Australia, well developed or evolving State and Territory coastal planning regimes exist that should be recognised and endorsed as part of a national planning framework. Approaches and methods of implementation differ between States and Territories, but the ends pursued are, by and large, consistent with the types of outcomes that might be expected to emerge from the Oceans Policy.
Particular issues need to be addressed where planning requirements cross boundaries between State/Territory and Commonwealth jurisdictions. To date, such situations have been dealt with on a sector-by-sector or area-by-area basis through arrangements such as the Offshore Constitutional Settlement covering fisheries management and the Commonwealth-State agreement for the management of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.
We are only beginning to understand the nature and extent of marine and seabed resources and values within the vast and largely unexplored area of Commonwealth jurisdiction in the EEZ. At the outer edge of the EEZ Australia shares borders with a number of countries; relevant planning processes now in place include the Timor Gap Treaty and the Torres Strait Treaty.
Broadly speaking, three scales need to be considered in the development and application of mechanisms for marine use planning. These are:
Lack of information about ocean resources, ecological processes, values, biodiversity and impacts is an issue that needs to be faced in decision making about the allocation of marine resources and multiple or sequential resource use regimes. Even a basic understanding of resources, processes, values and impacts over the entire EEZ is at least years away. In this context, an objective should be to avoid irreversible choices.
Australia's indigenous communities have a strong and important interest in Australia's ocean resources. Marine use planning must ensure meaningful, culturally appropriate participation by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, taking account of indigenous interests, aspirations and perspectives.
Marine use planning in Australia must take account of:
Planning that relies on sophisticated and intensive field management over large parts of the EEZ to deliver desired outcomes is unlikely to succeed. The potential for partnerships and co-management arrangements will need to be actively explored.
The importance of common law in matters such as pollution and shipping needs to be recognised.
Recent relevant changes in the roles of government include:
A limited review of current approaches to marine use planning in other countries found no examples of planning at the oceans scale that provide much assistance in the way of best practice.
Considerations with important implications for the development of a national marine use planning framework for Australia identified in the context analysis include:
Models for marine use planning can be grouped into five broad categories - ranging from those providing almost no central control to models giving a high degree of centralised control. The categories are
Individual sectors and sector management agencies pursue outcomes that seek to maximise returns to their particular sector. While each sector may work under a set of multiple objectives that include consideration of environmental and sustainability issues, there is no attempt to ensure that different sectors are pursuing similar outcomes.
The following are key elements of models in this category:
Sectors and sector management agencies work independently, but in pursuit of a common and agreed set of desired outcomes. Ideally, these outcomes are derived from joint consideration of all resource values and all legitimate community needs for access to resources. In other words, the planning `ends' are developed jointly but the means of achieving them are left largely to the discretion of individual sectors.
Key elements:
This term has been coined to describe loosely coupled networks of sector and agency organisations sharing common visions and values. Goals, values and codes of conduct are agreed, and there is sharing of expertise and experience to coordinate the delivery of desired outcomes. An ongoing process of cross-sector consultation and communication is established to help foster a coordinated approach to the achievement of desired outcomes.
Key elements:
A separate agency/body is established with an overall coordinating and facilitating role. It does not normally have direct management responsibilities; rather, its primary roles are overall policy setting, facilitation, research and possibly assistance with funding. It may have an auditing role and some reserve powers.
An agency is established with direct sector management responsibilities. This may result in management responsibilities for particular sectors being shared between existing and new agencies.
The model categories demonstrating the greatest potential for achieving best practice are: Sectors Operating Independently with Agreed Common Goals; Virtual Organisations; and An Overall Coordinating Body. Of these, none is necessarily preferable to the others; the choice of best practice model will depend on the particular circumstances.
For example:
It is therefore likely that an overall best practice marine planning framework will take the form of a family of planning models tailored to meet the needs of individual circumstances.
Consultations undertaken with sector peak bodies and State and Commonwealth Government agencies saw a wide variety of views put forward. Some of the key points that emerged are summarised below:
Six potential broadly-based roles for the Commonwealth were identified. These are listed in Table 1, together with possible objectives, the geographical extent of each role, and examples of the ways in which objectives might be achieved.
|Potential role
|Possible objective
|Geographical extent
|Examples of ways in which of role objectives might be achieved
|To ensure that Australia meets its international obligations for sustainable use, biodiversity conservation, species protection and environmental protection
|Over all of Australia's marine areas
|To provide, nationally and internationally, a clear and unambiguous sense of purpose and direction for marine use and management
|Over all of Australia's marine areas
|To facilitate workable arrangements for coordinated use and management where this is necessary across governments and sectors
|Across Commonwealth, State and international boundaries,or where there is a clear national interest and benefit to be gained
|To proactively address and solve, in conjunction with States and Territories, issues of national importance that sewage treatment works have the potential to place ocean values at risk
|Over all of Australia's marine and terrestrial areas
|To help fund, facilitate and coordinate information gathering and research activities where they will contribute to better marine use planning and management
|Over all of Australia's marine areas
|To become more involved in marine use planning and management (either directly or by delegation) in marine areas under Commonwealth jurisdiction
|Over marine areas under Commonwealth jurisdiction
Ocean management has to address a range of pressing issues. These include threats to marine biodiversity and productivity arising from land-based activities. For example, population increases along Australia's coastlines have brought a rapid increase in sewage outflows into rivers, estuaries and oceans. Increases in nutrient and sediment loads in rivers affect the health of estuaries, which are important as nursery areas for many fish species and other marine organisms.
Issues related to the fishing industry include declining catches of a growing number of species due to overfishing. Bycatch has adverse impacts on non-target fish species, birds, mammals, turtles and various marine organisms. Some fishing methods, such as trawling, have lasting effects on the marine flora and ecosystem. Recreational fishing remains largely unmanaged despite its potentially large impact.
Shipping and port operations can produce a variety of environmental impacts such as pollution from oil, hazardous cargoes, anti-fouling paints, litter and sullage. Marine organisms deposited with ballast water along shipping routes and in harbours are a major cause of concern. They can adversely affect the existing marine flora and biodiversity through predation and competition, and have the potential to cause severe economic damage to ocean-based industries.
Issues relating to marine tourism and recreation include environmental impacts of tourist developments such as beach and dune erosion, loss of habitat, declines in wildlife and fisheries, and reduced water quality.
A wide range of `incentive instruments' can be employed to address marine resource management issues. The report examines how, in what circumstances, and in what combinations different instruments can help achieve particular management goals.
Incentive instruments are defined as administrative mechanisms adopted by government agencies to influence the behaviour of those who value the natural environment, make use of it, or cause adverse impacts as a side-effect of their activities. They include financial and economic instruments such as emission permit trading, user charges, developer contributions, performance bonds and management levies and legal and regulatory instruments including punitive measures designed to avoid misuse of resources and precautionary standards. Education, co-management, voluntary approaches, community based mechanisms and research can also serve as incentive instruments.
Marine policy must deal with the diversity of uses of the marine environment, the complexities of the biological systems involved and the limited knowledge available, the common property characteristic of marine resources, the vastness of the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone, and the difficulty of enforcing regulations.
Principles that should be considered in policy design include:
User pays and polluter pays
Increasingly, the users of natural resources are having to pay the full cost of their use. Similarly, those wishing to dispose of waste products into the environment are having to pay for this right. An Australian example of user pays is the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) water reforms, which will see the full cost of supplying water reflected in the water price.
Cost sharing
This principle requires that all direct and indirect costs and benefits arising from the use of natural resources are considered. It also requires that those groups in society who benefit from the provision of non-marketable goods compensate those who provide the goods. Society pays for benefits generated by individuals' activities that do not translate into private benefit, and may finance activities that go beyond what is considered a reasonable individual level of duty or care. Industry pays for those aspects that are part of its duty of care for the resources it uses.
Sense of community, ownership, and stewardship
This principle acknowledges that individuals are motivated in their actions by a myriad of philosophies, of which the pursuit of narrow self-interest is one extreme and pure altruism the other. Many people wish to feel they are playing an active role in the solution of a problem rather than being part of it. It is important that individuals who comply with policy objectives for whatever motivational reason are reinforced in their behaviour.
Adaptive systems
Incentive instruments should be designed so that they can be easily modified in an appropriate way as better information becomes available.
Ecosystem approach
Rather than addressing individual problems by trying to rectify symptoms, it is crucial that the behaviour of systems is analysed and the causes of problems identified and addressed in a systemic manner. The underlying causes of a problem and its physical reality need to be understood in a holistic manner.
IGAE requirements
The Inter-Governmental Agreement on the Environment (IGAE) calls for the effective integration of economic and environmental considerations in decision making processes. It requires that measures adopted are cost-effective and in proportion to the significance of the environmental problems being addressed.
The IGAE demands that, in principle:
It is very unusual for one management instrument to be capable of solving a complex problem. Instead, a mix of instruments is necessary to achieve the desired outcome, which requires concerted activities from a range of stakeholders and individuals, and to account for the variability in bio-physical conditions. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the range of possible incentive instruments in terms of stated objectives is an essential part of policy design. The following criteria can be used in the assessment:
Potential applications of a range of incentive instruments in ocean use and management were considered. Some examples follow.
The flow of sediments and nutrients into streams can be reduced by planting vegetation `filter strips' along them. Covenants, involving either a compensation payment or granting of permission to subdivide and develop the remaining land, are used in the United States and Europe to promote such plantings. Soil conservation work by farmers also reduces sediment inputs, and has been promoted by education, subsidies and income tax incentives. The establishment of integrated catchment management committees is contributing to reductions in stream pollution on a broader scale.
Load-based licensing systems control pollution discharges to streams from industrial and other point sources. Increased effectiveness and economic efficiency can result if trading in the licences is allowed; tradeable discharge rights allow businesses to sell surplus licences, allowing new businesses to enter the industry. An alternative approach is to give all users shares of the total allowable discharge, and make those shares tradeable. To finance tertiary sewage treatment and ensure a higher quality of discharge to rivers and the ocean, user-based sewage service charges can be introduced, with the proceeds directed to plant upgrading.
Zoning is an important mechanism for preventing habitat loss, the single most important threat to biodiversity in both land and marine environments. An alternative offset system, which requires that there be no net loss of ecological function in an area, has been trialed in the United States. To ensure that new `offsetting' habitat is constructed, an offset licence may be complemented with a performance bond.
Controls in the form of temporal and spatial restrictions on fishing activities and size restrictions have the general purpose of protecting fish stocks. Input controls such as limits on numbers of boats and amount of fishing gear employed regulate the amount of effort that can be used for fishing. Instruments for controlling the output of commercial fisheries include setting a total allowable catch, which can be broken down into individual quotas for those involved in the fishery. Tradeable individual quotas improve the economic efficiency of output controls by allowing structural adjustment.
A daily bag limit is an output control instrument applicable to recreational fishing. Informing and educating recreational fishers about their impact on fish species and marine ecology, and other related issues, can increase intrinsic motivation and compliance levels. Introduction of recreational fishing licences would have the educational advantage of allowing information to be targeted more effectively. Cross-compliance mechanisms for example, preventing a person who lost his fishing licence from holding a boat licence could be introduced to further promote compliance.
The potential of private ownership in fisheries as an alternative property rights framework to open access or common property is limited to a few special cases such as oysters and abalone. Fishery share systems combine traditional management mechanisms with innovative incentive instruments. They move from individual catch quotas to shares in the total opportunity of a fishery; abandon the traditional single species management regime in favour of a multi-species system; and do not rely on a single policy mechanism but seek to combine the advantages and minimise the weaknesses of a selection of input and output control techniques. The potential exists to expand such systems into a framework combining fisheries policies with coastal, estuary and land-based management policies relevant to fisheries.
Voluntary codes of conduct act as an incentive for all industry members to raise standards. Grants to industry organisations can be a cost-effective means of encouraging the development of voluntary codes, and annual tourism awards that recognise businesses with high environmental and professional standards act as a spur to other operators to do better. Accreditation - which can be voluntary or, in combination with a licence, have a regulatory basis - is particularly applicable to commercial tourism operators. It both ensures that operators are informed about the impact their operations have on the environment and encourages them to educate their clients about the environment they visit.
To stop pollution from sullage, boating licences could be introduced that require boats to be fitted with equipment that facilitates land-based sullage treatment. Regulations of this kind, called performance standards, provide an incentive for people to develop cost-effective solutions. Performance bonds are a monetary security that operators are required to set aside to ensure that adequate funds will be available for the rehabilitation of a site when its use ends. Another type of bond, an assurance bond that is returned when an activity ceases, has been proposed in the environmental literature.
Zoning by local government is an important tool in controlling tourism-related development in the coastal zone. In addition, environmental and building standards can be used to achieve policy objectives.
Conflict between user groups exists where the different uses are not compatible, while conflict among users within the same group results mainly from resource scarcity. The multiple use management concept (see earlier section) seeks to reach an acceptable balance of outcomes across the entire range of uses and users.
The declaration of Marine Protected Areas is a tool for regulating multiple uses; Australia's best known such area is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Conservation is an important use, which is balanced with a variety of commercial and recreational uses including fishing, boating and scuba-diving. Multiple uses are managed primarily by zoning. Consistent with the user pays principle, management costs may be largely covered by user charges.
Sequential use management is another way of reconciling different uses in the same area. For example, trawling areas may be spelled for a number of years for conservation purposes before being re-opened to the fishing industry.
A significant source of concern is the marine organisms foreign to Australian waters contained in ballast water deposited along shipping routes and in harbours. Australia currently relies on compliance with voluntary ballast water management guidelines to minimise the risk of release of harmful marine pests and disease pathogens.
One way to increase compliance levels would be to combine these guidelines with a hefty landing fee proportional to the estimated volume of ballast water carried. Shipping companies could seek an exemption from this levy under the condition that they exchange ballast water at sea and agree to regular compliance checks. These companies could be required to lodge an assurance bond. Importers may see potential for gaining a competitive advantage in the marketplace by shipping their goods on complying vessels if they are permitted to label their product accordingly. Introduction of a regulation covering ballast water is being considered; the effort and costs involved in monitoring and enforcing compliance are likely to be substantial.
Management instruments can minimise the risk of high-cost accidents such as ship collisions and major oil spills. Special safety standards can be set for ships that carry hazardous goods. Shipping lane regulations confine the movements of vessels carrying hazardous material to `safe' corridors.
Operational discharges from bilge pumping and ballast discharges account for the bulk of oil pollution from ships. Port disposal facilities often remain unused as shipping companies seek to avoid charges and delays. This seems to indicate that increased surveillance of offshore water and severe penalties for improper disposal are required.
Australian offshore petroleum exploration and production has a good environmental record. Upholding environmental safety standards relies on co-management with the industry, whether the standards are legislated or voluntary codes of conduct. Performance bonds and assurance bonds are useful tools for shifting at least part of the environmental risks and costs to the industry. Performance bonds would be particularly applicable to ensuring the environmentally safe removal, dismantling and disposal of platforms once they are no longer required.
Table 2 provides a quick reference guide to the applicability of the incentive instruments mentioned above to various aspects of the management and use of marine resources and environments. It gives an indication of the strengths and weaknesses of individual instruments and some management frameworks - such as fishery share systems and marine protected areas - that combine a number of instruments for a specific purpose.
The policy assessments presented assume that each instrument is introduced in an effective manner - ie. that there is no government failure in setting the number of licences etc. It also assumes instruments are introduced into a previously unregulated situation - ie. that there is open access to each `sink' or `source' function supplied by the oceans. The table differentiates the criterion of economic efficiency into its interpretations as industry profitability and economic efficiency in a collective sense.
The management of Australia's oceans is complicated by the existence of various jurisdictions with legislative and management functions and by policy inconsistencies across States. With institutional arrangements providing the backbone for management instruments, the following points are worth noting:
The appointment of oceans representatives to bodies that manage rural land and that implicitly permit non-point-source pollution from rural land or discharge of stormwater and sewage from urban areas would contribute to controlling the impact of land-based activity on Australia's oceans. Adding consideration of marine issues could substantially strengthen the mission of integrated catchment management. One problem with a direct representational approach, however, is that the oceans representatives might often by outvoted by others on the board of management.
An alternative option is a property-rights approach where users of land-based resources and people interested in the welfare of oceans engage in negotiations in order to avoid violations of their individual property rights. Arrangements could be introduced whereby oceans authorities and/or marine industries can acquire rights that prevent upstream users from polluting streams and estuaries.
For urban pollution such as stormwater runoff and sewage, it is possible - at least in principle - to require that the sources obtain a pollution permit. This could be issued by an oceans authority, which might set ecologically based limits for total allowable load and/or discharge concentration for each coastal catchment. Towns could be issued licences to emit pollutants into the sea, and be charged on the basis of volume and concentration.
Another essentially equivalent option would be for an oceans authority to issue a total allowable pollution level to an Environment Protection Authority or equivalent body, and then let it find the most efficient way to keep pollution from land-based sources within the defined limits. Introduction of such mechanisms would give administrative bodies a strong incentive to pursue the use of a wide range of incentive instruments.
One way to achieve more integrated management of the marine environment would be to create an Australian Oceans Management Authority or a series of authorities which, linked together, would manage all of Australia's continental shelf. Each authority might include a commercial representative, a recreational representative, an environmental representative and probably two government representatives. Coherence between regions could be achieved by appointing one person to act as the Chair or Commissioner of all authorities and having a Deputy Commissioner as the person responsible for the management of the region on a day-to-day basis. If State interests could be put to one side, as few as four regions - possibly Brisbane to Darwin, Darwin to the North West Shelf, the North West Shelf to the Great Australian Bight and the Great Australian Bight to Brisbane - could be established.
If Commonwealth-State jealousies could be put aside, an entity modelled on the Murray-Darling Basin Commission (MDBC) and its Ministerial Council would probably offer the best means of managing Australia's marine resources. This would be legislated, be consensual and not derogate from State powers. It would need to be generously endowed with money. As the MDBC has demonstrated, the main advantage of such an authority is that it can gradually acquire functions in a manner that attracts support from all States, Territories and relevant agencies.
The authority would focus on principles for oceans use and management, and the States and Territories would be given financial incentives to adopt measures consistent with these principles. Implementation could be achieved by converting an existing body into the authority or by creating a new one. A COAG process similar to that used for water reform may be useful to help establish such an authority.
The present set of policies and arrangements for managing Australia's oceans is complex. In some instances, it sets perverse incentives and is inconsistent with accepted guidelines for sustainable resource management. In a number of cases - particularly in the interface between the oceans and the land - even the most traditional guidelines are rarely followed.
The areas that offer the greatest opportunity for improvement include:


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As a modern icon, however, the Burj is unmatched. Although not much more than a decade old, the building's instantly recognizable outline has already established itself as a global symbol of Dubai to rival the Eiffel Tower, Big Ben and the Sydney Opera House. Even the top-floor helipad has acquired celebrity status: André Agassi and Roger Federer once famously played tennis on it, while Tiger Woods used it as a makeshift driving range, punting shots into the sea (before ringing room service for more balls), and more recently it was turned into an impromptu green for Rory McIlroy to practise his bunker shots on.
The Burj is home to the world's first so-called seven-star hotel, an expression coined by a visiting journalist to emphasize the unique levels of style and luxury offered within (officially, of course, such a category doesn't exist). Staying here is a very expensive pleasure, and even just visiting presents certain financial and practical challenges. Fortunately the building's magnificent exterior can be enjoyed for free from numerous vantage points nearby.Read More
The building
The building
Designed to echo the shape of a dhow's sail, the Burj al Arab forms a kind of maritime counterpart to the adjacent Jumeirah Beach Hotel's "breaking wave". Its sail-like shape offers a contemporary tribute to Dubai's historic seafaring traditions, enhanced (as is its very exclusive aura) by its location on a specially reclaimed island some 300m offshore. The building was constructed between 1993 and 1999 by UK engineering and architectural firm W.S. Atkins under lead designer Tom Wright. The statistics alone are impressive. At 321m, the Burj is the third-tallest dedicated hotel in the world. The spire-like superstructure alone, incredibly, is taller than the entire Jumeirah Beach Hotel, while the atrium (180m) is capacious enough to swallow up the entire Statue of Liberty – or, for that matter, the 38-storey Dubai World Trade Centre.
The sheer scale of the Burj is overwhelming, and only really appreciated in the flesh, since photographs of the building, perhaps inevitably, always seem to diminish it to the size of an expensive toy. The Burj's scale is tempered by its extraordinary grace and the sinuous simplicity of its basic design, broken only by the celebrated cantilevered helipad and (on the building's sea-facing side) the projecting strut housing Al Muntaha ("The Highest") restaurant and the Skyview Bar. The hotel's shore-facing side mainly comprises a huge sheet of white Teflon-coated fibreglass cloth – a symbolic sail which is spectacularly illuminated from within by night, turning the entire building into a magically glowing beacon. Less universally admired is the building's rear elevation, in the shape of a huge cross, a feature that caused considerable controversy among Muslims at the time of construction, though it's only visible from the sea, and is almost never photographed.
Most of the interior is actually hollow, comprising an enormous atrium vibrantly coloured in great swathes of red, blue, green and gold. The original design comprised a far more restrained composition of whites and soft blues, but was significantly altered at the insistence of Sheikh Mohammed, who called in interior designer Khuan Chew (responsible for the colourful lobby at the adjacent Jumeirah Beach Hotel) to jazz things up. The contrast with the classically simple exterior could hardly be greater, and the atrium and public areas look like something between a Vegas casino and a James Bond movie set, the casual extravagance of it all encapsulated by enormous fish tanks flanking the entrance staircase which are so deep that cleaners have to put on diving suits to scrub them out (a performance you can witness daily 2–4pm). For many visitors, the whole thing is simply a classic example of Middle Eastern bling gone mad (that's not gold paint on the walls, incidentally, but genuine 22ct gold leaf). Still, there's something undeniably impressive about both the sheer size of the thing and Chew's slightly psychedelic decor, with huge expanses of vibrant primary colour and endless balconied floors rising far overhead, supported by massive bulbous golden piers – like a "modern-day pirate galleon full of treasure", as Wright himself neatly described it.
Visiting the Burj Al Arab
Visiting the Burj Al Arab
Non-guests are only allowed into the Burj with a prior reservation at one of the hotel's bars, cafés or restaurants. The cheapest option is to come for a cocktail at the 27th-floor Skyview Bar (see p.121; minimum spend 250dh/person), perhaps the best way of getting a good look at the hotel without going bankrupt. Alternatively, a visit for one of the Burj's sumptuous afternoon teas (285–450dh) in either the Skyview Bar or at the Sahn Eddar atrium lounge is another possibility. Moving up the scale, the Burj boasts two of the city's most spectacular (and pricey) restaurants: Al Muntaha and Al Mahara, and there are also two cheaper but significantly less appealing buffet restaurants: the Arabian-style Al Iwan or the slighty nicer pan-Asian Junsui (lunch/dinner buffets 360/410dh at both) – although you'd be better off taking afternoon tea or a drink. If you want to go the whole hog, try the novel "Culinary Flight" (lunch/dinner 800/1000dh) comprising drinks at the Skyview Bar followed by a four-course meal, with each course served in a different restaurant, rounded off with dessert at Sahn Eddar.

subset: commoncrawl


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Reader Comments (Page 1 of 1)
I'm not sure I even remember how the Alliance rolls. They haven't seemed interesting since Warcraft 2, in which they were completely awesome. Now days they seem to just be full of bad pop culture references. Like the first 20 something levels where you follow around the CSI team.
MattKrotzer said...
Followed immediately by Rambo...
Sure, it's amusing, but from a story perspective, Alliance has nothing to speak of. Even the things that DID happen, like Magni being turned to rock, and the Council of the Three Hammers... there's the briefest of mentions in questing, and then nothing... (Unless it's in the Burning Steppes... I haven't quested through there yet.) But it seems like there should definitely be some big friction going on with the Dark Irons and Ironforge proper, especially with what's been going on at Blackwing Descent.
On the other hand, if you level on Kalimdor you actually see more important things.
The Teldrassil quests explain what happened to Fandrel--which is nice. You see the destruction of Auberdine and how the Night Elves are coping. You see the increased tension in Ashenvale and the immediate attacks from the Horde.
It is better story telling and lasts longer than one play through in my opinion.
I did Red Ridge once and that was enough.
loop_not_defined said...
I dunno. Westfall only had 3 or 4 CSI moments, and it struck me as just a side-joke to the actual story: the resurgence of the Defias Brotherhood. Westfall was not, in fact, one giant CSI joke (although it did get old after the first time).
Redridge was definitely all Rambo, though. Except maybe for some pig-gut-collecting. At least I think pig guts were involved.
Mortenebra said...
Rambo (or Keeshan, as he's called on Azeroth) returns in Burning Steppes, I think.
Seeing the conflict in the Barrens from the Alliance-side, however, gives me a lot of conflict as a mainly Horde player. It shows that Garrosh isn't the only one who's interested in pushing for more. It made my self-righteous "WHY TAURAJO?!" sentiment deflate a little.
But I guess it all depends on your definition of "awesome" and "interesting."
Burning steps is (sorry for the spoilers, Krotzer), just a continuation of Redridge. I won't go into the details but it actually works due to the proximity and, in a sense, fits well. I found it interesting but if you haven't done Redridge it would be confusing.
jealouspirate said...
"They haven't seemed interesting since Warcraft 2"
Exactly. And, not so coincidently, Warcraft 3 is when Metzen started taking over in the story department, and he certainly makes no secret of how much he loves the Horde. Maybe he's not all to blame, but I think it's a big part of the story there.
He's probably the reason we got a redemption retcon spearheaded by Thrall and Grom, rather than just a resurgence of the Old Horde for another assault. Ironically, Warcraft 3 and its (at the time) unique take on orcs for the genre was probably what cemented his position, which means his prior success with the Horde in that game is the cause of the storytelling disasters we have today with the Alliance.
Pyromelter said...
I'll tell you how the Alliance rolls. They don't give a F about classes. They roll like Tyrande, shooting magic arrows, casting Starfall, cleaving like a warrior, spamming moonfire. They roll like Arthas, killing zombies and not asking any questions, telling it like it is.
More hunter/druid/warrior combos that kick ass, take names, and shoot-first-and-don't-bother-asking-questions. That's how the Alliance rolls. (Or how it should if blizzard wants to make them any kind of cool again. We love Boba Fett, we don't like the pompous captain who's ship gets taken out by one ion cannon blast and watches as the Rebels escape Hoth.)


text:
Fruit Cobbler for Two
Photo: clbodden
Community Recipe from
Recipe Time
Prep Time:
Cook Time:
- 1 cup(s) Fruit filling
- 1/2 cup(s) Bisquick mix
- 2 tablespoon(s) milk
- 1 tablespoon(s) sugar
- 1 teaspoon(s) butter softened
- 1 Heat oven to 400ºF. Divide pie filling between 2 ungreased 10-ounce custard cups.
- 2 Stir remaining ingredients until soft dough forms. Spoon half of dough onto pie filling in each custard cup. Sprinkle with additional sugar if desired.
- 3 Bake 15 to 18 minutes or until topping is light brown.
May 2012
This recipe is a personal recipe added by clbodden and has not been tested or endorsed by MyRecipes.
My Notes
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Fruit Cobbler for Two Recipe at a Glance
- COURSE: Desserts
- CONVENIENCE: 5 Ingredients or Less
- COOKING METHOD: Bake
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01 January 2012
4 comments:
Wishing you a wonderful new year.ReplyDelete
I have enjoyed reading your posts over the past year, keep them coming. x
Happiest of new years to you Emily! I hope 2012 is wonderful for you!ReplyDelete
I've really enjoyed reading your blog this year and look forward to more of your lovely words (and your cute little pooches too) in the coming year. x
Back to you Em - you know I'm loving all those 'f' words!ReplyDelete
This year I've just decided that I'll use another 'f' word to guide my life - fearless!
Happy waving to you and all those whom you treasure, especially my little waggy favourite with the fancy 'f' name.
Happy New Year to you too! I hope your year is full of wonderfulness!ReplyDelete
Hooray to you for visiting my blog! Your comments make me happier than you could possibly imagine, thank you.


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Home > Art / Photo > Oil Paintings > Overthink
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Julia S. said...
Jan. 21 at 3:16 am:
Jan. 21 at 3:16 am:
This is so cool! Did u actually write the words on it?
MariellaCecilia replied...
Jan. 21 at 5:42 am :
Jan. 21 at 5:42 am :
Well, I created it using digital art. So yes, I did write the words on it. I'm not nearly this good at painting with real oil but I'm getting there xD


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Dell Stage Remote ®
5,000 - 10,000 downloadsAdd this app to your lists
+ By Dell Inc
Dell Stage Remote will enable the following functionality to your Dell mobile device:
•Share music/videos/photos to and from any other Dell Stage enabled PCs or DLNA certified devices, regardless of where it's stored
•Remote Control for your Dell Stage PC: Launch and navigate Stage tiles/applications using your Dell mobile device
Network Multimedia Player:
•Search and view/play music/videos/photos in your home network on your mobile phone or tablet.
•Stream music/video/photos to any Dell Stage Remote® or DLNA compliant/certified device within your home WiFi network.
Tags: dell stage remote, dell stage windows 7, stage remote, stage remote lication, dell stage free windows 7, dell stage, stage remote dell, dell stage descargar, stage remote dell szczegóły, wifi remote.
(59 stars)
(59 stars)
Not bad
(59 stars)
"Used as a remote control on any Dell Windows 7 computer" doesn't see my Dell W7 PC but from the "Play music, movies and photos from one device to another" it sees my Dell W7 PC! I can play mwv videos on my Samsung DLNA supported TV directly from my PC
(59 stars)
Need to be able to browse by folder from my Dell Streak and not just see the thousands of photos in one big, combined scroll list. Same holds true for browsing music. Until that happens, this software is basically useless for photo browsing. For music --
(59 stars)
Luv it....needs more refinement...still beta so the future releases may be much more better
(59 stars)
When using DLNA to browse Music, Pictures and Videos from another device it is almost impossible to find what your looking for because everything is displayed in one long list. Music needs categories like artist, album and genre. Pictures and Videos need
(59 stars)
Working well on my dell streak 7 wifi! Love it!


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Cucumber, Red Onion, and Basil Salad
- 2 English cucumbers, thinly sliced (about 5 cups)
- 1/2 red onion, thinly sliced (about 1 1/4 cups)
- 1/2 cup basil leaves, thinly sliced
- 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
- 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1/2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
- Combine all ingredients in a large bowl. Cover and chill 1 hour.
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Cucumber, Red Onion, and Basil Salad Recipe at a Glance
- COURSE: Salads
- CONVENIENCE: 5 Ingredients or Less
- DIETARY CONSIDERATION: Gluten-Free
- PUBLICATION: Coastal Living
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text:
Icy Current
I'm on this constant battle on keeping myself alive and trying to live a life.
I keep on saying to myself that it'll get better, it'll get better, on an everyday basis. I eat so I don't have to starve but most often, I do it excessively because it makes me feel better. If I'm full I feel better. But then, I'll hate myself later for eating a lot. For being too fat. It's like your suffocated on a mud or your head is pushed against an icy current. It feels terrible.
Sometimes I wonder myself, does it really get better?
I need to know because I don't know if I can take it anymore.
Give yourself a favor and lose some pounds
You look so fat, what happened to you?
Your belly looks funny, ew.
Even a guy can also feel insecure about himself, you know. I still have my feelings and you're not really sugarcoating them, you know what you're doing? Trying to free my demons where I already buried them along time ago.. or so I thought.
I am insecure.
About my body.
About my face.
About everything.
About me.
Because I never feel like I'm good enough and that I mattered.
Sorry.. it's just an eating disorder..
Kiss me, try to fix it..
This Is Where I Left
It's a cliché though
When I first had my heart broken, it tore me apart, pieces by pieces, little by little; then I had my second, third, fourth and so on. It broke me into bits, but it molded me into something else.
Whenever I see a movie about a girl having her revenge to the person that broke her heart, it used to piss me off, it's just plain ridiculous. Such a soap opera. But then it happened to me, without me even realizing it. To be honest, I have fears but no fears. I have fears of what I'm slowly turning into that I don't have control over it. And there's that where I have no fear to anything, not to anyone. I used to cry a lot, drown myself in deep sorrow and dry agony but now I just can't think of being depress. I'm much more than that. I am much more than that that I'm becoming sinister. I don't have fears. I can't cry. I don't feel sorrow. I don't feel mournful to the oblivious way the life is hurting me. I just have pent up anger to the life, and I adore the oblivion.
I don't know what is happening. It's like I turned off my humanity. I love it. I hate it.
I have become a heartless
Poet of sadness
Nothing can ease the pain
Unless I'd go out in rain
I have this sudden urge inside of me to run away as far as I could go, and blind myself from seeing my hurt
It's just all in my head..
Here we go again. Better yet, here I am again. I feel like I'm stuck in a chess game doing all the wrong moves. It's just a simple gesture, nothing more, anything less. And, here, there, I was in front of you and I thought that maybe, just maybe, we'll make it happen this time. That you'll make me believe. Because lately, I've been trying to do it right but with no avail to the realness of time. I'm stuck in a vortex. And it's an everyday process. Again. And again.
If you truly love someone, you're afraid to let them go.
My teacher once told that line, said that it's based from her own experience. I'd say admire the wisdom of a real integrity, but does she know it all?
To leave or to let go. The same thought on the same level but very different on deeper connotation. When my teacher told me that, I looked at you. Am I afraid to let you go? And you know what I felt. Terrified. I'm terrified because I want you to leave, for me to be finally left alone, for my pieces to be finally scattered around the places and it would be the final act of this devotion that has turned me into a quite blow. But at the same time I'm afraid to let you go. You're the only person holding me together from this insanity that I'm in. You're my anchor. And I'm afraid that if I let you go, I might lose a grasp of this veracity. Both reasons are selfish. I know.
On My Own
This love has left me with scars. Ugly, intrusively climbing up against me. Dependent on my walls. Hoping that I'm strong enough to tie both ends of a rope, invisible and alarming. Save for I cannot even untie my shoes without falling forward, face first. Still it has made me today. Survivor of my own.
Walking back to how it used to be
Rewinding myself
Caught up in the middle of love
Everything was smooth
Cries were muffled
Screams were heard
Tears were falling
And you're the only face I'm seeing


text:
Cliffs Natural Resources (NYSE:CLF)
The Company is a producer of iron ore pellets in North America and sells its pellets to integrated steel companies in the United States and Canada.
- Quote
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Dogs of war revive copper
Stock has already made a good bounce off its bottom. Only a matter of time before coal makes a come back. It's not a matter of if only when.
The current management has thrown away $ 9 billion in cash & 85% of the market cap. They need to be removed. Casablanca will be successful on July 29th. There is limited downside because Casablanca's pressure has forced some reduction in capital spending & the spotlight will prevent the management from doing deals with the bankers they hired to protect the $millions in future perks & bonuses they wish to allocate company capital to.
Falling iron ore prices. Negative free cash flow means they will likely cut dividend entirely soon. Reducing capital expenditures to preserve cash. This is a row boat with a bunch of holes and management has one bucket trying to keep the water out. Easy underperform.
broken management = broken stock.
Trying to catch at or near the bottom - hope we are close at this price
Target of 33 on this commodities investment that serves as an excellent inflation hedge long term
Cliff is a company in disarray. It is time for a hostile takeover. Casablanca Capital has been unsuccessful in getting management to do anything other than destroy the company. It is now cheap and a hostile takeover will be necessary to clean out the waste.
iron price will eventually get better. We are at a low for iron price
I have no idea truthfully on this one. My track record is poor on these kind of picks. Take a look at my PKX, WLT, and X picks. So things I know this I don't.
The fundamentals speak for themselves.
Casablanca's involvement is just a large bonus.
Price Target: $42-48 within 2 years.
I'd like to see a history of what the biggest underperformers in the S&P500 do in subsequent 1 and 2 year periods after the year of lowest returns.
Low trailing P/E. Low P/Bk. Reasonably low debt to equity. Low EV/EBITDA. Good dividend with low dividend payout ratio.
Casablanca Capital has put forth 5 initiatives that it believes could double current share price
intrinsic value = 50; starting upward trend
Successful cost reduction measures, improving ore prices, and a generally oversold stock.
The market is acting as though this company is dead. Meanwhile, steel and coal are simply exhibiting typical industry cyclicality. However, the irrational frenzy continues . . . CLF is currently the most % shorted stock of the S&P 500 (25% of the float). For a stock trading at 0.6x book value and using minimal leverage. CLF has already taken abundant writedowns ($1.1 billion in 2012), so that's not a risk. There's a lot of volatility with this stock; expect to see a classic short squeeze.
Classic bottom. Headed up.
I really think is more likely to get to $30.00 then to $10.00, even that the shorts are betting on the stock to go down.


text:
The Brothel, The Brothel Video, The Brothel Documentary, The Brothel Documentary Movie
Prepared breakfast for my father as usual. I leave the house at am as usual. Today is Wednesday. I have English at am, History at am French at am and then maths. But today I decided to change direction. I not going to school or the house of Movie Trailers. I go in search of an ending. An end for Mr. Movie Trailer. An end to my teacher. Movie Trailers? You think you were humiliated, but you were only prodded, nothing more. You're young, you have a lot to learn. You're like the reed in the fable of La Fontaine: You bend but don't break. You remember: "The Oak and the cane"? "He said to the oak: You have reason to complain about nature". "From over the horizon, comes the most terrible raging hurricane spawned in the north." "The tree resists, the reed leans " Yes. Sit. Movie Trailer, can you stop by my office please? Now? Yes. Is Claude Garcia here? No, he's absent. Movie Trailersel Artol? Can you also come with us. Good day. Here he is, his face tired. I know what kind of man she is married to. I know she has children and that her husband believes that everything she shows in her gallery is bullshit, sick art. You Claude, right? Yes. He looks me head to toe. I imagined differently? Shouldn't you be in class? No. I decided to leave. What will you do? Most people have problems with maths. I could teach. Are you sure? Yes I can also write for contemporary art catalogues. My French teacher said that I would be fine. Yes, I know. Lots of imagination. Can I come in? Movie Trailer isn't here. I know. What a nightmare! What a nightmare! Bastard! Claude was not in class, right? How do you know? He came here? You let him in? It's not for everyone. Already I'm in you house. Going on holiday? No, it's full of her husband's books. I went through the gallery to leave them, but it was locked. Opened the suitcases and book bags. He helped me to sort them. Yt's not easy. They're classified by age. Tolstoy. Me, I don't like the Russians. I read only pages of Anna Karenina: The first and the last . Suddenly, I see in the library a book that catches my attention. Jeanne took it and smiled. "Children of the Storm".


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Hi! My name is Katie
I am Domestic Shorthair from Livermore, CA
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What I love about my owners: She is loving and caring, and would do anything for me. She is also my best friend!
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This is the only professional-level Latin fake book ever published! It features nearly 600 pages of the best in contemporary and classic salsa, Latin jazz and Brazilian music, with detailed arrangements, exactly as recorded, to help bands play in authentic Latin styles. Many tunes include bass lines for each section, piano montunos, and horn counter-lines. Includes a bilingual preface, song lyrics in Spanish, Portuguese and/or English, a drum and percussion appendix, and convenient spiral binding. Outstanding artists represented include: Ray Barretto, Eddie Palmieri, Ruben Blades, Puerto Rico All-Stars, Tito Puente, Irakere, Los Van Van, Ivan Lins, Tom Jobim, Joao Bosco, Milton Nascimento, Airto, Mario Bauza, Dizzy Gillespie, Daniel Ponce, Seis Del Solar, Chick Corea, Arsenio Rodriguez, Celia Cruz, Perez Prado, Orquesta Sensacion, and many more!
|The Latin Real Book Eb Edition Fake Book


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AWESOME THING WE ATE #923 | Proper Pizza & Polpette At East Van's "Via Tevere"
September 18, 2014
Together with a sparse handful of precious pizzerias around town, Via Tevere in East Van follows a long list of strict Neapolitan pizza-preparation rules that has landed the eatery the much-prized "Vera Pizza Napoletana" certification. This, for starters, means they employ a wood-burning oven – and a lovely, light blue-tiled one at that – baking at around 800 degrees. They also use all the proper ingredients, everything from "00″ flour and San Marzano tomatoes to fresh basil, bufala mozzarella, and Fior di Latte cheese. The results are uniformly delicious; raised-edged pies with only the slightest of fire-blasted char. They easily "libretto" (fold, like a book), and famously suck at traveling (no VPN joint that we know of would ever dare to deliver). Pictured above is a beautifully char-pimpled sausage and rapini pizza; the polpetta della Nonna (meatballs in tomato sauce); a tiramisu slab, and a pizzaiolo working his magic.
1190 Victoria Drive | Vancouver, BC | 604.336.1803 | www.viateverepizzeria.com
AWESOME THING WE ATE #922 | The First Bennywurst Brunch At Chinatown's "Bestie"
September 12, 2014
Those who follow us on Instagram might remember this shot from last weekend. Taken at Bestie's first ever brunch service, it shows a "Bennywurst" (sliced pork thuringer sausage with poached egg, and a mess of first-rate hollandaise on golden hashbrowns) above a special plate of asparagus with fried egg and ham. And yes, they were both as delicious as they look. Bonus: hot Elysian coffee!
Brunch service: 11am-3pm on Sat & Sun | 105 East Pender St. | 604-620-1175 | bestie.ca
AWESOME THING WE ATE #921 | An Earthy, Indecently Tasty Omelette At 'The Oakwood'
August 22, 2014
We ate the living daylights out of this dreamily-textured asparagus-stuffed omelette last Saturday at The Oakwood in Kitsilano. It came mounted with a healthy dollop of truffled creme fraiche and next to a pile of crispy fried brussels sprouts (halved). Everything lay in a shallow pool of impactful tomato sauce, the acidic zip of which had been tempered by a smoky char. The whole thing was flawless – as good an edible start to the day as can be had in Vancouver. Be sure to pair it with one of their gently spiced Micheladas. If you're going to hit them up for brunch this weekend, be wise and book ahead because their queues – between 10am and 2:45pm on Saturday and Sunday - are starting to get rather Medina-esque.
Asparagus Omelette | $14 | The Oakwood | 2741 W. 4th Ave. | 604-558-1965
AWESOME THING WE ATE #920 | The Big Rangeland Game Burger At Robson's Forage
August 15, 2014
The "Rangeland Game Burger" ($16) at Robson's Forage comes layered with caramelized onion preserve, gooey gouda, and house-cured bacon on a spongy, responsive poppyseed bun. The patty – a mix of bison, elk, and venison - is thick, dense, juicy, and so flavourful that it's pronounced above the onion's sweetness and the mustard's pungency.
Unfortunately, it's too late for it to be included in the "Best Burger in Vancouver" poll that we recently posted, but it deserves to be counted among the better ones. Good fries, too!
Forage | 1300 Robson Street | Vancouver, BC | 604.661.1400 | foragevancouver.com
AWESOME THING WE ATE #919 | A Sweet Summer Camp Dessert At "Blacktail Florist"
June 23, 2014
Chef Jimmy Stewart and his kitchen team at Gastown's good-looking Blacktail Florist share a knack for playful, tweezery presentations, but the high premium they put on light-hearted aesthetic exactitude never comes at the expense of taste. There are many dishes of evidence (ahem, pop rock-sprinkled salmon belly in dilly endive), but the one that tripped us out the most deliciously was a dessert: cedar campfire-flavoured cream and condensed sweet potato puffs that spread out over a landscape of decadent malted milk crumbs littered from on high with smoked salt, cranberries and (what looked to be) cornflowers. It was a combination of combinations that we never knew combined, and in doing so superbly it closed a meal that killed from the first bite.
Blacktail Florist | 200-332 Water Street | Vancouver, BC | 604-699-0249 | blacktailflorist.ca
AWESOME THING WE ATE #918 | Balls & Bowls At Bowen Island's "Shika Provisions"
June 5, 2014
Shika Provisions is a new, tiny take-away restaurant housed in an adorably shingled shack at the edge of the Marina Pier in Snug Cove on Bowen Island. The space was a taco joint until Mitsumi Kawai took it over in mid-May. She quickly drew up a tasty Japanese-influenced menu, applied some clean, modern branding (a Shika is species of wild deer in Japan – and Bowen, as you might be well aware, is practically overrun by wild deer), and threw open the doors for the summer season.
If it looks, tastes, and feels reminiscent of East Hastings' Basho Cafe, it might be because Mitsumi is the daughter of Miju and Hiroshi Kawai and sister to Moeno Kawai — Basho's owners. And if her name sounds familiar, it's probably because she's part of the Scout team. We're very proud of what she's accomplished in a short time. Great style and a love of good food runs in her family!
The Veggie Rice Bowl ($9) is loaded with fresh/roasted vegetables and comes finished with a cilantro pesto or miso tofu gravy (both are delicious). The Taco Bowl sees teriyaki pulled pork over rice with guacamole, sour cream, salsa, and cheese ($10), while the tuna bowl includes a healthy serving of sliced sashimi-grade albacore tuna with truffle vinaigrette and a side of avocado ($12).
Grilled rice balls are exactly what they say they are: grilled balls of rice with cheese, pork, or sesame/seaweed centres. They are fantastic take-away snacks and only $3 a pop. Shika also offers ice cream, cold drinks, and little gluten free, vegan matcha muffins.
Exploring beaches and forests on Bowen is a fantastic way to spend an afternoon. There's no need for a car. If you catch the 11am boat from Horseshoe Bay as a walk-on passenger you will arrive at the Marina Pier just about the same time Shika opens. Fill up on a rice bowl and then hit the nearby trails for a hike before landing back at the dock for the 3:10pm departure. Hours are Thursday-Saturday 11am-8pm, Sunday 11am-6pm, and Monday 11am-6pm.
Shika Provisions | Marina Pier (400 Bowen Island Trunk Rd) | Bowen Island | www.Shika.ca
AWESOME THING WE ATE #917 | A Chicken Fried Brunch At Chinatown's Mamie Taylor's
May 5, 2014
by Andrew Morrison | Mamie Taylor's, located at 251 East Georgia in Chinatown, recently launched their version of a Southern-style brunch service. It runs every Saturday and Sunday from 11am to 3pm, and fair warning: it's not for those who brunch lightly.
If chef Tobias Grignon and owners Simon Kaulback and Ron Oliver had an ideal customer breed in mind, it might be people who seldom give many fucks about anything save for their own personal satisfaction, which they take very seriously indeed. That is to say that there aren't any regenerating smoothies or typical bowls of "good health" on offer here. Rather, this brunch menu can be interpreted as – depending on your point of view – either a minefield of artery-impregnating sons of bitches or a beautifully engraved invitation to sup from a deep fried, extra buttery smorgasbord of sweet and salty excess. There is a salad, to be sure, only it's of the Cobb ilk, arriving loaded with stilton cheese and pork belly.
It all plays for par, for one doesn't go to Mamie's to cleanse; one attends for the Faustian exchange of days shaved off the lifespan for feverish moments immersed in chicken fried steak soaked in bacon gravy (pictured above) or engrossed in the half hour it takes to properly navigate the sticky pleasures of a Kentucky Hot Brown. (For those unschooled in regular pulmonary bullying, a Kentucky Hot Brown is French toast – or "Freedom Toast" as they call it at Mamie's – mounted with smoked confit turkey, tomato and bacon, all smothered in a thick Mornay sauce.)
The menu also includes the restaurant's decadent fontina cheeseburger (one of the best in the city), fried chicken and waffles with pickled chilies and bourbon honey, and two kinds of eggs benedict – one with pork belly and the other with poblano chilies and goat's cheese — both of which can be found breathing heavily under hot domes of thick Hollandaise. Cocktails are equally indulgent, none more rewardingly so than the Tequila Caesar, which comes doubly capped by a devilled egg and a thick shard of hot chorizo. Why? Because you're going to die, that's why.
Let's just be glad that it's all only a weekend affair, for if this sort of immoderation was tabled 7 days a week, hell would be paid early and often. Take a closer look below if you dare…
Mamie Taylors | 251 East Georgia | 604.620.8818 | mamietaylors.ca
AWESOME THING WE ATE #923 | Doses Of Rainy Day Medicine At 'Les Faux Bourgeois'
April 21, 2014
Have you heard? It's supposed to be a pretty gloomy week. Not to worry, though, because France. Yup, for us, crap forecasts tend to conjure visions of (and desires for) restorative, old school French bistro fare. The last time it rained we fell for it hard in the form of properly gooey onion soup gratinee (the gruyere cap amplified by mozzarella); Alsatian tart flambee with crispy lardons and fat dollops of creme fraiche; and flavourful hanger steak (done to the rare side of medium-rare) prostrate in a deep puddle of green peppercorn cream next to a pile of salted frites. It was all washed down at Les Faux Bourgeois in the heart of The Fraserhood (where summer is for the weak and patios fear to tread) with winter-generous pours of 2011 Brumont Tannat-Merlot.
Les Faux Bourgeois | 663 East 15th Ave | Vancouver, BC | 604-873-9733
AWESOME THING WE ATE #922 | A Perfect Spaghetti Pomodoro At Main's Campagnolo
April 8, 2014
by Andrew Morrison | I was raised, so to speak, on "Spag Pomo", the ubiquitous Neapolitan bowl of pasta with tomato sauce. My mom co-founded an Italian delicatessen that made fresh pasta for restaurants (my first job), and in my late teens (and again in my 20′s) I worked in a well known Toronto eatery where the kitchen was run by (now) celebrity chef Massimo Capra – he of the immaculate moustache. Spaghetti Pomodoro wasn't on the menu, but Massimo would table massive hotel pans of the stuff for our staff meal, which was served alla famiglia at the end of the night. Those late suppers with the staff – one third Bengali, one third Italian, one third "mangiacake" (that's me) – remain my favourite memories of working in the restaurant business. We'd talk shit/shop about the night's customers, pool a percentage of our tips to buy/share bottles of wine, and refuel the hell out of our exhausted selves with this very particular pasta. It's the most nostalgic food I know of.
There's just something so simple and straight-forward about the satisfaction it provides. The balance of sweetness and salt underpinned by licks of spice (chili flakes); the evocative, garden-fresh fragrance of the hand-torn basil; the al dente texture of the noodles; the sharpness of the cheese…I would happily trade a whole lobe of foie gras for one perfect serving of it. And the weird thing is that – despite its seemingly simple assemblage of ingredients – it's hard to find a good one in Vancouver. A lot of places do a version, but the ones that best approximate the bowls of my dreams are at Lupo in Yaletown and Campagnolo on Main Street.
Chef Julio Gonzalez-Perini and I used to work together many years ago (before he opened Lupo), and he was kind enough to make me Spag Pomo for my staff meals. Unfortunately, you won't find it on the current menu at Lupo, but sometimes it's there (if you ask nicely, maybe he'll make a bowl for you). It's a guarantee at Campagnolo, where it's been one of their signature items since they opened back in 2009. Their version is as close to Capra's (and my own) as I can find. They don't spice the sauce, but they do provide a little side plate with lines of oregano, dried chili flakes, and parmesan to help yourself with. Use all the cheese, incorporate a pinch of the flakes, and forget the oregano, which would only upset the basil. And buon appetito!
$15 | Campagnolo | 1020 Main St. | 604-484-6018 | CampagnoloRestaurant.ca
AWESOME THING WE ATE #921 | Super Hot & Bubbly Queso Fundido At "La Mezcaleria"
April 3, 2014
Delivered piping hot in an impervious molcajete bowl (made from volcanic stone bowl), the queso fundido with chorizo at La Mezcaleria on Commercial Drive is a delicate but delicious operation. If you bring children to it, they will require assistance. The best way to eat it, according to managing partner Ignacio Arrieta, is to fork it out in coalesced globules (that might burn a hole through lesser metals) and smear it onto the provided tortillas which you then mount with guacamole and squirt with chile de arbol salsa. Pair yours with either a Michelada or a Margarita, and have yourself a very swell evening.
1220 Commercial Drive | Vancouver, BC | 604-559-8226 | www.lamezcaleria.ca
AWESOME THING WE ATE #920 | Arrival Of Spring Finds Confirmation At "The Parker"
April 1, 2014
You know when the weather starts to change and you get confirmation of it in a restaurant? You can get yours now at The Parker with roasted turnips, house-made cheese, crispy bread, radishes, and generous spoons of parsley puree ($12) – so simple, strikingly pretty, delicious, and seasonally suggestive. As is the case with so many other dishes currently on the menu at the Strathcona/Chinatown eatery right now (pretty much the entire menu), it was like eating a sunny day in Spring. More plates and a cocktail or two of similar impact below…
237 Union Street | Strathcona/Chinatown | Vancouver, BC | 604-779-3804 | theparkervancouver.com
AWESOME THING WE ATE #919 | Pidgin's Shroomy Spring Delight Of Colour/Texture
March 24, 2014
This good looking Makoto Ono starter dish currently on the menu at Pidgin on the DTES is a wee delicacy of delicacies: exquisite mushrooms, fresh snap peas, ooze-suspended ramen eggs – all set off in the mouth by a soy yuzu brown butter that just doesn't quit. | $12
350 Carrall St. | Vancouver, BC | 604-620-9400 | www.pidginvancouver.com
AWESOME THING WE ATE #918 | Fairmont Pacific Rim's 100% "Ocean Wise" Raw Bar
March 18, 2014
It's not on the "it" list of sushi eateries in town, but as you can see above, the wee little Raw Bar attached to the Fairmont Pacific Rim's Lobby Lounge plates some awesome stuff. Aim for the oysters, the yellowfin tuna tataki, and the Northern Divine caviar served on tamago nigiri. Our visit came on the heels of the hotel's recent boast that resident sushi chef "Taka" Omi was now only using sustainable, Ocean Wise-approved seafoods. Did that fact make everything taste better? Doubtful, but it's also hard to imagine how any of the delicious plates could have been improved. Omi and his crew are wizards with knives, and they get to play with some very fine fish. Pay them a proper visit when your wallet's fat and your appetite is ready.
Fairmont Pacific Rim | 1038 Canada Place | 604-695-5300 | Website
AWESOME THING WE ATE #917 | Is The Best Burger In Vancouver At Hawksworth?
February 28, 2014
by Andrew Morrison | Oh, it's very close. This sublime fellow is a fat bastard of ground tenderloin, ribeye, and chuck flavoured with onion, garlic, and long peppercorns. It's mounted with double smoked bacon, aged Canadian cheddar, a perfect onion ring, crisp lettuce, and fresh tomato. The sesame seed bun sustains quite a bit of squeezing and juice, and it comes generously smeared with an incredibly tasty ketchup-based house sauce that includes licks of sweet smoked paprika, ancho chilies, herbs de provence, Worchestershire sauce, brown sugar. With a side of hot and crisp-edged frites served with mayo, it weighs in at a hefty $19 and is absolutely in contention despite the high price tag (for a burger). Also in the running for the totally subjective title are the burgers of currency at Pourhouse, Mamie Taylor's, The Oakwood (the new one), Cannibal Cafe, and Campagnolo Upstairs. Not in the running are the ghost burgers of gluttonies past at Feenie's, DB Bistro Moderne, Au Petit Chavignol, and Fray. If basic is your bag, try Save On Meats or the internet hype machine known as Hamburger $2.85.
Hawksworth | 801 West Georgia | Vancouver, BC | 604-673-7000 | hawksworthrestaurant.com


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Over 90 UTMB students from the School of Medicine (SOM) and the School of Health Professions (SHP) stormed the Capitol on the first Tuesday of February. They were greeted on the north steps by our local delegation of Representative Greg Bonnen, Representative Craig Eiland and Senator Larry Taylor. The student group was then introduced to the Legislature in both the House and the Senate, where resolutions were passed declaring it "UTMB DAY" at the Capitol. Senator Taylor was joined by Senator (Doctor) Charles Schwertner in delivering the recognition. Dr. Schwertner is a UTMB graduate and did his orthopedic surgery residency at UTMB; his wife Belinda is also a UTMB SOM graduate.
The Texas Medical Association (TMA) recognized the group at their awards luncheon with two awards: Largest Group and Largest Percentage of Membership from a medical society.
The sea of white coats then spread out all over the Capitol with students visiting with their hometown legislators. Leading the UTMB students were second-year medical students Byron Smith and Kendra Kaderka, first-year medical student Robert McLaughlin, and an array of other health profession students, including Student Government Association Vice President Jonathan Ruzicka, a second-year physical therapy major from the SHP. The students competently expressed their concerns about affordable tuition, availability of loan repayment programs for health care professionals, and the need for more Graduate Medical Education slots in Texas.
After a thorough invasion of the Capitol, the group migrated to the Thompson Auditorium in the nearby TMA building. Joining them were Rep. Eiland, Rep. Bonnen and his wife Kim, and House Higher Education Chairman Dan Branch (whose nephew Daniel W. Branch is a third-year medical student at UTMB). Students spent about an hour and a half discussing the future of medicine with these House members. Rep. Bonnen is a UTMB med school graduate and his wife Kim graduated with a degree in occupational therapy from SHP. Rep. Branch is an attorney and major advocate for Tier I research status for our Health Related Institutions.
The following week, another 35 students from the School of Health Professions added their voices to those who attended the prior week's health policy activity. These students focused on the allied health science vocations. The group, led by Physical Therapy second-year class president Kevin Villarreal, met with legislators to voice their opinions regarding educational opportunities and student educational support.
Both groups have been highly effective in advocating for their professions and for improvements in higher education. These interprofessional learning opportunities are an integral part of UTMB's culture. Learning an appreciation for the roles that each of the health professions contribute to the team is essential in improving the quality of health care. Our students truly are working together to work wonders.


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Posted November 3, 2012 at 7:58am | 11 notes
WATCH IT. The animation is just so…WOAH. The fact that they mixed 3D animation with 8-bit is just FLAWLESS. I SWEAR. The story is just as good! Can I just say FEELS?! Ugh. Its just so AWESOME.
I will watch it again…cause I seriously want to and I missed the Pixar short Paperman… I've been waiting for it since… May or June!
Its a walt disney animation studio short not Pixar
Posted November 3, 2012 at 7:56am | 1 note
I am bad, and that's good. I will never be good, and that's not bad. There's no one I'd rather be than me.
— Wreck it Ralph (via angmermaidsaibabawngsea)
(Source: angnaglalakadnamermaid)
Posted November 3, 2012 at 7:55am | 47 notes
Wreck it Ralph
A great movie. Must watch it, you'll never thought Romance, Friend-in-line, Comedy,Thrill would be all in one. What makes me happy with this, I took a lot of laughter and realization. Yeah right, Fame? we dont need it, a company, a group of friends a team of relationships are what our hearts need. Nice Ralph, thanks for a good story with Vanellope and friends :> ♥
(Source: angnaglalakadnamermaid)
Posted November 3, 2012 at 7:54am | 4 notes
A Complete List of Instrument Stereotypes, as Noted by instrumentastrology
- Banjo: You're probably Honey Boo-Boo's third cousin removed four times or something. Stay away from the rest of us.
- Bassoon: You try to be different, and are probably socially awkward. Odds are you don't talk much, and when you do you say the wrong things.
- Bass Clarinet: You're awkward and obsessive.
- Baritone: Identity unknown. You are a mystery, a Pandora's box.
- Cello: Underneath the band uniform you have a set of rock hard abs and the body of a god or goddess. You have a smile to kill for but are also painfully shy.
- Clarinet: You like to turn up your nose at other people in your section and complain about them behind their backs. You're a harsh critic.
- Double Bass: You're extremely intelligent and shy but your thoughts are scattered and random. You probably have dark hair.
- Flute: If you're good you're probably a bitch to other people in your section. Even if you aren't, people talk about you no matter what. You complain a lot and while you're emotionally capable of handling yourself, you probably wouldn't survive for too long out in the middle of the woods. Odds are you would also kill other flautists to get a higher chair.
- French Horn: You know, you're pretty sexy. If you practice. If you don't...uh...
- Guitar: You're obsessed with your preferred gender and like to talk about cars
- Harp: You live the high life because let's face it those things are pretty damned expensive. You have a Ferrari in your garage, don't you?
- Mandolin: You're a few centuries off. You run around in tights and play ballads to heroes of war to other peasants on the streets.
- Oboe: You're extremely awkward and nobody gets your sense of humor. You also probably have plans of mass destruction hidden away in your instrument case.
- Organ: You live in a church.
- Percussion: You don't like interacting with other sections and keep to yourselves. You are very competitive and like fast food.
- Piccolo: Annoying and never shuts up. Ever. Also slightly self centered.
- Piano: You probably have no room in your house to walk because of all the music books hidden around your house. You probably also have an affinity for cats.
- Recorder: You're a third grader or someone who was bored enough to actually learn the thing on the side.
- Saxophone: You're extremely competitive but fall over your words when you try and speak coherent sentences.
- Trombone: You're tall and skinny and very quiet. But we all know you're just planning your next murder.
- Trumpet: Ego. Ego ego ego ego ego. It grows and it grows and it consumes the entire universe.
- Tuba: You like pizza and have a deep voice. Odds are you have a funny walk.
- Ukulele: You're a surfer and you live in Hawaii. No exceptions
- Viola: You hate violinists and are very calm, and not extraordinarily competitive. You are a simple folk.
- Violin: You are the most competitive instrument that there is. It's bothering you right now, knowing your instrument was last on this list. Try not to stab anyone.
Posted October 28, 2012 at 8:55pm | 5,936 notes


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With Evan Spiliotopoulos penning the script.
One of Hollywood's favourite Scotsmen James McAvoy is set to play a key role in the upcoming Wikileaks film alongside his "Atonement" cast-mate. Deadline says...
Bella's a vampire now, guys!
The screenplay is very true to the book
Prize packs up for grabs to the highly-anticipated movie
"Just don't let me fall, Dad"