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Niels Stensen
The Steno Museum is named after the Danish physician, scientist and bishop, Niels Stensen. According to the custom of the time among learned people, he used his Latin name, Nicolaus Stenonis or Steno.
Steno primarily studied anatomy. By dissecting animals he discovered, among other things, the duct from the parotid to the oral cavity, Ductus stenonis. He also studied the organisa-tion of the brain and described the structure and functioning of the muscles.
Steno's model of muscles
Within geology, Steno was the first to indtroduce the theory that animals and plants can fossilize and that mountains can be elevated sea floor. Furthermore, he founded modern crystallo-graphy, i.e. the science of the origin and structure of crystals.
After having become a Catholic in 1667, Steno devoted his life to God. In 1675 he became a priest and spent his last years in Hannover. Later on he became bishop for North Germany and Scandinavia.
Steno died in Schwerin, only 48 years old. The following year he was interred in a chapel in the church of San Lorenzo in Florence. In 1988 he was beatified by Pope Johannes Paul 2. Beatification is the last step before canonization.
LINKS - more about Steno
NIELS STENSEN (Wikipedia)
NIELS HANSEN From the Catholic Encyclopedia, copyright © 1913 by the Encyclopedia Press
NIELS STEENSEN - anatom, geolog, biskop
- en kort biografi (In Danish)
(The Niels Stensen Achive)
A comprehensive archive of literature by and about Steno.


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Entrepreneurship Initiatives
Discovery Internships Entrepreneurship Initiative
Discovery Internships believes in the power of choice, flexibility, and freedom. We believe that all students should have the opportunity to achieve their potential. We know that entrepreneurship can be a path to success and we are passionate about encouraging those brave enough to pursue it! The following are several Discovery Internships initiatives focused on encouraging and supporting the next generation of entrepreneurs.
1. Partnerships with Entrepreneurial Companies: We strive to provide all of our clients with world-class, customized internship experiences. For our clients interested in working with entrepreneurial start-up companies, we have built relationships with dozens of companies that can provide this life-changing experience across a wide range of industries. These are companies like Sweet Riot, a wonderful globally responsible chocolate company with products in places like Whole Foods and Wegmans or Scratch Music Group, a music, marketing, and lifestyle company with clients such as ESPN, Microsoft, and the NBA to name a few.
2. Student Entrepreneur Support: Through our partnerships, charitable support, and volunteerism, the DI Team supports student entrepreneurship.
- The Young Entrepreneur Society - a powerful resource for young men and women looking to discover "The Secret" behind the world's most successful millionaire minds and entrepreneurs. Founder and entrepreneur Louis Lautman traveled the country to film and interview some of the most innovative and successful men and women under 30 years of age in business today. Lautman's The YES Movie explores the secrets of successful young entrepreneurs' wealth creation, passion, vission, leadership, and sucess.
Find more videos like this on Young Entrepreneur Society
- Global Student Entrepreneur Awards – DI is a support of the GSEA and DI founder & President served as a semi-final round judge at the 2009 GSEA Global Finals at The Kauffman Foundation in Kansas City, MO.
- Additional Resources for Student Entrepreneurs
3. COMING IN 2011 - Entrepreneurship Challenge: the Discovery Internships Entrepreneurship Challenge (DIEC) takes the traditional idea of a business plan competition to the next level! The winner of the DIEC receives an all-inclusive summer experience in the winner's city of choice (Boston, Chicago, New York City, or San Francisco). Discovery Internships provides you with housing, a meal plan, the opportunity to explore your host city through included activities, and of course a hands-on internship with a world-class entrepreneur. This experience can be the catalyst to get an idea off the ground or the inspiration to build a company to the next level!
Discovery Internships believes in entrepreneurship and is proud to be the leader in Entrepreneurship Internships!Intern w/ Entrepreneur

subset: commoncrawl


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Monday, 24 June 2013 15:12
Ring of Honor announced today that due to all the technical problems and complaints, they are no longer going to be doing live iPPV shows. They will be offering the shows on a delayed basis, most likely the next day, going forward.
Send us a news tip: firstname.lastname@example.com
Note to webmasters/reporters: When recapping news from this site or from our newsletters, please include a link to www.wrestlingobserver.com
For the most in-depth and detailed news and analysis on pro-wrestling and MMA, always turn to Wrestlingobserver.com/Figure Four Weekly Online, the #1 website of its kind on the Internet. Members receive online access to both the Wrestling Observer and Figure Four Weekly newsletters and growing archives, Wrestling Observer Radio with Bryan Alvarez and Dave Meltzer three times per week, the popular Bryan and Vinny Show three times per week, additional radio shows including Figure Four Daily with Alvarez, Mike Coughlin's Five Star Radio, the Dr. Keith Lipinski Show, The Adam and Mike Big Audio Nightmare, Tough Talk and the Karl Stern Wrestling History Show, the infamous BOARD, and more! Members also have full access to the thousands of hours of audio in our radio show archives which date back to 2005. For your convenience, we offer secure online payments using your VISA, Mastercard, American Express, Discover card or PayPal account. Don't miss out on the fun, sign up now! Don't miss out on the fun, sign up now!
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West Jordan City has revoked the business license of a chiropractor who has been charged with financially exploiting the elderly.
City spokeswoman Kim Wells said Monday that the city revoked Brandon Babcock's license last Monday — the day he was charged.
The Salt Lake County District Attorney charged him with seven third-degree felonies and four second-degree felonies for allegedly bilking 11 elderly adults.
Babcock — who claimed he could "reverse" type II diabetes and said he offered a 30-day money back guarantee — allegedly signed some of the patients up for credit without their consent. In other cases, he allegedly refused to refund their money. One victim, who received a $10,000-plus bill, said he had never been to the chiropractor's office, according to the charging documents.
Babcock has done business under various names, including "The Integrated Health Center of Utah" and "Functional Endocrinology Institute of Utah." His business location is at 9265 S. Redwood Road. West Jordan issued a "cease and desist order" demanding he conduct no business from that location.
"Your business license has now been revoked due [to] the arrest and pending charges," the letter states.
A police officer has attempted to issue the order at the office, but Babcock has not been there, Wells said. One of Babcock's phone numbers was disconnected and a voice message on another said the business was "temporarily closed."
While the city doesn't have the manpower to watch Babcock' office, the city could cite him if they learn he is conducting business. The citation can carry a $1,000 fine.
Babcock has retained his chiropractor's license, though it expires May 31. The Division of Professional and Occupational Licensing has declined to explain why it has not or cannot revoke that license. Licensing laws and rules say DOPL can revoke, suspend or restrict a license for unlawful and "unprofessional conduct" — which for chiropractors includes "knowingly engaging in billing practices which are abusive and represent charges which are fraudulent ... ."
A DOPL spokeswoman said the office is reviewing its options. DOPL has said chiropractors are allowed to treat diabetes. The District Attorney's office and DOPL have taken 45 calls from other potential victims, according to District Attorney Sim Gill.
One of the alleged victims, Betty Burgener, said DOPL has requested her medical records. She signed up for Babcock's diabetes program but said the supplements harmed her health. She said her leg started to swell and it is still tender. She's on medication for the swelling and fears it is harming her kidneys.
The 80-year-old from Mountain Green said she told the chiropractor: "With every breath that I take until I die, I will tell the world how bad you are."
Babcock's first court appearance is scheduled for April 30 before Judge Katie Bernards-Goodman.
"Reversing diabetes"
In March, The Salt Lake Tribune published a profile of Utah chiropractor Brandon Babcock and his program.
More victims?
Salt Lake County District Attorney Sim Gill believes there may be other alleged victims of chiropractor Brandon Babcock and is urging them to call licensing officials at 801-530-6630.


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Reader Comments (Page 1 of 1)
I am looking forward to playing a troll druid. I've got a night elf (80) and a tauren (72), planning both a troll and a worgen.
I have a baby troll shaman that I was leveling to see if I liked being a shaman as an option for a future goblin.. that and because it was the only healing class that I hadn't tried yet.
I think I will like being a troll, the images I've seen of the forms (neon!) look really cool.. that and flight form being NOT a bird, that'll be nice. I wish they wore shoes, but I've been looking at tauren hooves for a while, so its ok. I've got to read up on the lore and all, but over all I'm looking forward to it.


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One-Round Protocols for Two-Party Authenticated Key Exchange (2004)
Download Links
- [protocol.korea.ac.kr]
- [www.cs.umd.edu]
Other Repositories/Bibliography
|29 - 2 self
author = {Ik Rae Jeong and Jonathan Katz and Dong Hoon Lee},
title = {One-Round Protocols for Two-Party Authenticated Key Exchange},
booktitle = {ACNS},
year = {2004},
pages = {220--232},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag}
Abstract. Cryptographic protocol design in a two-party setting has often ignored the possibility of simultaneous message transmission by each of the two parties (i.e., using a duplex channel). In particular, most protocols for two-party key exchange have been designed assuming that parties alternate sending their messages (i.e., assuming a bidirectional half-duplex channel). However, by taking advantage of the communication characteristics of the network it may be possible to design protocols with improved latency. This is the focus of the present work. We present a number of provably-secure protocols for two-party authenticated key exchange (AKE) which require only a single round. Our first protocol provides key independence only, and is analyzed in the random oracle model. This scheme matches the most efficient AKE protocols among those found in the literature. Our second scheme additionally provides forward secrecy, and is also analyzed in the random oracle model. Our final protocol provides the same strong security guarantees, but is proven secure in the standard model. This scheme is only slightly less efficient (from a computational perspective) than the previous ones. These last two schemes are the first provably-secure one-round protocols for authenticated 2-party key exchange which provide forward secrecy.


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Lay salmon slices on nori sheet end to end, and season with salt and pepper.
Mix wasabi paste with salmon roe and spread over bottom third of the salmon. Evenly roll nori sheet up ensuring salmon is tight.
Roll in glad wrap and tie at both ends refrigerate for an hour to firm up.
Sauté shiitakes in a small frying pan with soy sauce and lime juice and keep warm.
Dress plate by spooning mango puree in a circle on the outside of the plate, spoon infused coconut cream in the centre of the plate.
Scatter lychees, shiitakes and white radish around mango puree and garnish with coriander sprigs.
Gently mix plain flour with chilled soda water to make tempura batter.
Unwrap salmon and dip in tempura batter; deep fry until crisp but still white - the middle should be just warm but not cooked.
Slice in half and place on coconut emulsion. Serve immediately.
' +


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Categories > Celebrities > My Chemical Romance > Auditions, Auditions everywhere...
Results!!!!3 Reviews
This are the results of the principal characters :)
Auditions, Auditions everywhere...
(#) dancingdragon 2012-04-19 04:36:42 PMOMGOMGOMGOMG!!!!! YAYYY!!!! Thank you so much ! I can't wait to read C': ! I cant wait for the important mission :DD Good luck writing ! thank you sooo much !
Auditions, Auditions everywhere...
(#) MissAbbieHudson 2012-04-20 01:35:20 AMNo, thank you, YAY im in Party's group :3 have fun writing the story, and post soon? :3 cant wait! xD xoxoA
Auditions, Auditions everywhere...
(#) patdfan01 2012-04-20 06:43:56 PMOMG THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU FOR THE PART!!! :DD Yeah, and seriously, that's my History and personality in real life.. But reading it as a killjoy story makes it more meaningful, because it's, well, MCR-Related! :DD Good luck writing, and have fun with it, so it won't feel like work! :D


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KALAMAZOO (WKZO) -- If you're interested in hot air balloons and you live in Kalamazoo, then you're in luck. Discover Kalamazoo's Renee Newman says that they're holding the High on Kalamazoo Hot Air Balloon Show at the Air Zoo this weekend.
She tells us that it will feature up to 30 balloons and pilots, balloon launches, balloon illumes, and activities for the children. This is the first time the balloon event's been held in Kalamazoo.
The event goes on rain or shine, Friday through Sunday at the Air Zoo.


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The Krim family murders of 6-year-old Lucia and 2-year-old Leo may finally get some resolution. Three weeks after those poor babies were found stabbed in the bathtub of their Upper West Side Manhattan apartment, their nanny Yoselyn Ortega has finally been indicted for the crime. She was charged with first degree murder, a shocking charge that carries with it life in prison if convicted.
We all want to know what happened in that apartment. We all want to know why someone would hurt such beautiful children and we are grasping at anything that makes "sense." She was jealous of the Krims! The mother did it to get back at her husband for an affair! The father's company wrote an article that made people angry and someone tried to get back at him by killing his kids!
They are all sensational, tabloid-esque headlines for a horrific crime that haunts most parents' worst nightmares. And they are all trying to explain the unexplainable.
If Ortega is found guilty, she can give 1,000 reasons why she did what she did, and even then, it won't make sense. Stabbing a 2-year-old in the neck (as she is accused of doing) will never make sense. No matter what the reason.
If she wanted more money, if she was jealous of Marina Krim, if she was having an affair. Not one of these things can explain murdering two children in cold blood. Nothing could. Even if she were innocent.
These two children -- healthy, happy, and thriving -- are now dead. Gone. Vanished from this Earth. There is no "reason" for that. Nothing can make sense of the utterly senseless.
Ortega has been indicted and a trial will commence at some point. She may or may not be found guilty. But no outcome will bring those kids back. Nothing will make this make sense.
It is so wrong, we need a new word for wrong. My heart, again, goes out to the Krim family. This is just unimaginable.
Do you ever think this could "make sense"?
Image via Daquella manera/Flickr
Why is being charged with first degree murder considered a "shocking charge?" What else should someone be charged with who killed two innocent children in cold blood? Does NY have the death penalty? I sure hope so.
hopefully she meant that that crazy whackadoo is only going to get life as a maximum sentence, instead of what she really deserves.
You're right, Jennifer, I think there's something called 'Capitol Murder,' which means the death penalty if convicted. Maybe this is what the writer means by shocking. If that's the case, then it is indeed shocking. Ortego deserves nothing less than execution. I'm sure she'd be publicly hanged in ther country for the same crime.
I'm sorry, SusieQ--why doesn't nanny Ortega go back to where she came from? Because it was way worse. All your "rich people" (a relative term) in this country are here because their people came from somewhere else with very little. I guess if they didn't like their immigrant status, they could have either gone back to the countries they were so desperate to leave, or murdered their employer's children. Except that didn't happen because most people get it, saw the opportunity here, and most of them didn't want to be publicly hanged. Mrs. Krim was Ms. Ortega's EMPLOYER, not her nanny. She owed her nothing more than a paycheck. That she got more (and she did, more than most nannys) was icing on the cake, and probably emboldened her to think she was entitled to even more, and that it was OK to throw a psychotic tantrum and murder innocent children.
Hmm pupu let me guess- YOU are not an immigrant. You are probably someone throws around the term in a completely abstract form because you and probably your parents aren't from the 3rd world or even immigrants and probably don't have any idea what people go through to make it in the US when moving from a foreign country. I am quite aware that Ortega's response to her situation is not RATIONAL or JUSTIFIED- so your thoughts are a bit pointless. And yes Mrs. Krim is Ms. Ortega's employer- so she has a responsiblity to make sure that she is paying her a LIVING WAGE. And Mrs. Krim HAD the disposable income to do so- that's what I find so alarming. It's not like Mrs. Krim was struggling herself. Also Mrs. Krim is a MOTHER so she has a responsibilty to pay attention to her help- if her nanny is losing weight, emotionally unstable and homeless- why didn't she notice? She supposedly treats her nanny "like family" and Ortega's neighbors friends and family noticed! These are Mrs. Krim's most PRIZED POSSESSIONS she is leaving in Ortega's care. It's not like she was too busy at work to pay attention.
She did pay her a living wage, and I've been on the other end trying to make it in a foriegn country where white people and Americans, in particular were despised by much of the population. I wouldn't call living with relatives "homeless." I've done it, as many other people in this country have. It is so easy in retrospect to blame the victim, and Mrs. Krim is the victim, keep that firmly in mind. Thank goodness we have a legal system in this country that understands that.


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"Brooklyn v. Beşiktaş soccer match will take place on Saturday, May 22, 2010, at 5 pm, at the Red Hook Ball Fields, Field #3 (corner of Bay St. and Columbia St.), Brooklyn. For more information on the match, see here."
ok who's coming with me?
when in fact the exact opposite has happened. sorry, 40-odd people counting on me for random art postings and gossip girl rants. i've been hitting the streets of nyc in search of the elusive SALARIED ART JOB WITH BENEFITS. i've heard this storied position exists. i've even met people who've seen it. still, it eludes me. hopefully i'll have better luck next week. or at least better blog etiquette.
p.s. HIRE ME. i like it here. i want to stay.
i've had an onslaught of questions about how to get in contact with the boys featured… SO if you want your email address added to your photo credits or some way for people to get in touch with you, let me know when you submit your picture.
just a thought!
finally! an online dating service i can get excited about!
"I don't care about an artist's intentions. I care if the work looks like it might have some consequences." - Dave Hickey (found here)
Artist Tim Knowles (no relation to Beyonce) - tree art activist.
Don't know…I think animate objects produce better art.


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Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
FAS 2024, Global and Regional Perspectives in Fisheries
-Credits: 3
-Offered every Fall
Fish biology, ecology and habitats relevant to fisheries on both a global and regional (Florida) scale. Follows the fisheries occurring from cold, mountain rivers to the depths of the oceans, with special topics (e.g., artificial reefs, fisheries bycatch and aquaculture). Intended for non-science and science majors. (B)
FAS 4202C, Biology of Fishes
-Credits: 4
-Prereq: BSC 2011 and BSC 2011L.
-Offered Fall
Course will focus on the general biology of fishes, with emphasis on trends in their evolution, integrative and sensory biology, physiology, feeding ecology, reproduction, growth, and population dynamics as they relate to fisheries.
FAS 4270, Marine Ecological Processes
-Syllabus (on-line course)
-offered every fall
-3 Credits
-Prereq: instructor consent
-This course is intended to provide students with a broad overview of ecological processes operating in estuarine, near shore coastal and open ocean systems. Initially, students are introduced to important primary producers and secondary consumers in each of these systems. Insights into physiological and population levels of organization build on these basics. Environmental factors that influence species-specific and population level interactions are discussed subsequently as a transition to the concepts of community organization. The major chemical cycles in marine systems (e.g., carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) are then discussed. All of this material forms a foundation for explaining how the structure and function of communities are maintained over different scales in both time and space.
FAS 4305C, Introduction to Fishery Science
-Credits: 3
- Offered every Spring
-Prereq: refer to the department
Principles of fish management in freshwater and marine systems. Includes field and laboratory techniques for aquatic habitat and fishery resource assessment, aquaculture practices and consideration of contemporary issues pertinent to sport and commercial uses of renewable fisheries resources.
FAS 4405, Aquariums, Water, and Aquaculture
-Offered every Spring
-Prereq: BSC 2010 and BSC 2010L, or instructor permission.
Culture methods of fish and shellfish, species selection, biological and environmental principles, case histories and future trends.
FAS 4905, Individual Study
FAS 4932, Topics in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Syllabus-Applied Fisheries Statistics - offered fall term in even-numbered years
Syllabus- Field Ecology of Aquatic Organisms
Advanced SCUBA – offered every fall and spring term. Prereq: PEN1136 or Openwater Certification
Scientific Diver – offered every fall and spring term. Prereq or coreq: Advanced SCUBA or instructor consent
FAS 4933, Seminar in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
-Credits: 1
-Offered every Fall and Spring.
Course will introduce undergraduate students to contemporary topics in the field of fisheries and aquatic sciences, as well as develop their listening and writing skills.
FAS 5203C, Biology of Fishes
-offered fall of odd years
-4 credits
-Prereq: BSC 2011/2011L or consent of instructor.
-Emphasizes trends in evolution, integrative and sensory biology, physiology, feeding ecology, reproduction, growth, and population dynamics as they relate to fisheries. Offered fall term in odd-numbered years.
FAS 5276C, Field Ecology of Aquatic Organisms
-offered summer A
-4 credits
-Prereq: FAS 4305C or consent of instructor
-Understanding principles of fish and shellfish ecology through field studies. Intensive study in lakes, rivers, and coastal marshes to gain understanding of how fish and shellfish interact with their environment. Requires extensive field trips. Offered summer term.
FAS 5335C, Applied Fisheries Statistics
-offered fall of even years
-4 credits
-Prereq: FAS 5276C or consent of instructor
-Population sampling and estimation, statistical assumptions and robustness, mark-recapture, growth, and empirical modeling of populations.
FAS 5901, Scientific Thinking in Ecology
-offered every fall
-2 credits
-General philosophical foundations of science and specific critiques and perspectives found in ecology and aquatic sciences.
FAS 6154, Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology & Physiology
-offered fall of odd years
-3 credits
-Prereq: undergraduate course in animal physiology
-Biochemical, physiological, behavioral, and ecological adaptations that allow animals to survive in particular environments.
FAS 6171, Applied Phycology
-3 credits
-Prereq: undergraduate chemistry or biochemistry
-Ecology, management, use, and control of freshwater and marine algae and aquatic microorganisms. Overview of associated products, processes, and problems and economic implications. Offered fall term in even-numbered years.
FAS 6256, Fish and Aquatic Invert Histology
-offered as needed
-3 Credits
-Covers basic interpretation of the fixed tissue microanatomy and physiology of fish, bivalves, and corals, and introduces common histopathologic (disease) findings.
FAS 6272, Marine Ecological Processes
-Syllabus Online Course
-offered every fall
-3 Credits
-Prereq: instructor consent
-This course is intended to provide students with a broad overview of ecological processes operating in estuarine, near shore coastal and open ocean systems. Initially, students are introduced to important primary producers and secondary consumers in each of these systems. Insights into physiological and population levels of organization build on these basics. Environmental factors that influence species-specific and population level interactions are discussed subsequently as a transition to the concepts of community organization. The major chemical cycles in marine systems (e.g., carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) are then discussed. All of this material forms a foundation for explaining how the structure and function of communities are maintained over different scales in both time and space.
FAS 6337C, Fish Population Dynamics
-4 credits
-Prereq: STA 6166.
-Analyzing fish populations for management purposes. Methods for estimating population parameters such as growth, recruitment, and mortality. Using population parameters and computer models to predict yield and catch composition, and bioenergetics approaches for fisheries management problems.
FAS 6339C, Advanced Quantitative Fisheries Assessment
-offered Spring
-4 credits
-Prereq: STA 6166.
-Covers topics related to fisheries stock assessment and management. This course focuses on modern assessment techniques and their associated challenges.
FAS 6355C, Fisheries Management
-offered every fall
-4 credits
- Integrating scientific, social, political, and legal factors in fisheries management. Offered fall term in odd-numbered years.
FAS 6905, Individual Study
-Contemporary problem or topic. H.
FAS 6905, Individual Study – Zooplankton Ecology
-1 to 2 Credits
- Pre-requisite: formal coursework in ecology and one year of statistics
-This graduate level individual study course will provide a student with practical knowledge and skills regarding sampling and analysis of zooplankton population and community structure, biomass and productivity, as well as an understanding of the classical and contemporary research in zooplankton ecology. The student will demonstrate competency in using these new skills and knowledge by analyzing a complex zooplankton dataset, developing testable hypotheses, and writing an original research proposal framed in the context of current theory regarding freshwater zooplankton.
FAS 6910, Supervised Research
FAS 6932, Biology of Fisheries and Aquaculture Invertebrates
- offered Summer C
- Invertebrate animals (e.g. mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms) comprise about 99% of described species. Many are important fisheries and some are increasingly important in aquaculture. Invertebrates are more anatomically and biologically diverse than finfish, and this diversity must be understood in order to study their fishery management or aquaculture. This course will examine the biology of marine and freshwater invertebrates that are important as fisheries or in aquaculture. Topics will include taxonomy, morphology, distribution, habitat requirements, nutrition, major predators and parasites, significant ecological interactions, and life cycles. Non-food fisheries, such as commercial sponges and pearl oysters, will also be included. The course will be organized by taxonomic groupings, or phyla. Topics will be chosen for their biological relevance to fisheries and aquaculture, but procedural topics (methods, management, models, etc.) will not be emphasized here.
FAS 6932, Stream Fish Biology
-4 Credits
-Prereq: instructor consent
-In this course students will become familiar with stream and river ecosystems and the important roles of these ecosystems across the landscape. They will examine the physical, biological, and ecological principles that structure lotic ecosystems with particular attention to assessing human impacts on stream and river ecosystemsCourse syllabus and general information
FAS 6932, Fish and Limnology
-offered spring of every year
-3 Credits
-no prereq
-This course provides students with a basic understanding of fishery and limnological science. Knowledge will be gained through classroom lectures and hands-on experience with a broad array of methods used in fishery science. Research methods will include not only field and laboratory techniques, but also the procedures and formats for data analysis and formulation of management practices for aquatic resources. Fishery science encompasses a variety of scientific disciplines including physics, chemistry, and biology. Specific items that will be address in this course include: (1) structure and function of aquatic habitats, (2) limnological laboratory and field procedures, (3) fish sampling and study methods, (4) analysis and reporting of limnological and fishery data, and (5) an overview of some important Florida aquatic resource issues.(Course is co-taught with FAS4305C)
FAS 6932, Fish and Water Quality
-3 Credits
-prereq: instructor consent
-This course discusses International, Federal, and State of Florida water quality standards and how each standard affects fish. Students learn the facts behind the establishment of each standard, sources of the materials and the interactions between various water chemistry parameters that occur in a lake or body of water. This course uses the Canadian Guide to Water Quality as the primary reference source and relates Canadian standards to USEPA and Florida standards and guidelines. The course is a discussion class graded on the S/U basis.
FAS 6932, Fisheries Enhancement
-offered Summer A annually
-2 credits
-prereq: instructor consent
-Fisheries enhancements are a set of fisheries management approaches involving the release of cultured organisms to enhance or restore fisheries. The course aims to provide participants with the knowledge and skills required for assessing where and when enhancements can contribute to fisheries management goals, and for developing and managing such initiatives effectively.
Throughout the course, students apply concepts and methods to an enhancement fishery case study of their choice and present results of their assessments orally and in writing
FAS 6932, Introduction to Fish and Shellfish Histological Interpretation
FAS 6932, Conservation Genetics
-2 credits
-prereq: undergraduate courses in genetics and evolution
- This course provides students with a basic understanding of population genetic processes and focuses on the use and application of genetic methods in wildlife/fisheries management and species recovery. The course will be based in part on lectures, focusing on reviewing the basics of population genetics. Students will also present assigned papers and leading class discussions on particular topics. Major objectives are to: review aspects of population genetics as they apply to conservation/management; discuss the relative importance of genetics in conservation, with respect to the maintenance of evolutionary potential, avoidance of inbreeding; review methodologies for characterizing genetic diversity; and valuate the role of genetics in developing conservation strategies
FAS 6932, Invasion Ecology of Aquatic Animals
-3 Credits
-prereq: instructor consent
-This course will provide a comprehensive overview of the field of invasion ecology and will emphasize aspects related to aquatic animals. Through lectures, readings, discussions, and invited expert speakers, students will be presented the ecological concepts and debates underlying this developing field; the biology and life history of nonnative aquatic animals, including characteristics of successful invaders (emphasis on Florida); risk analysis methodology; and the conservation and regulatory implications of nonnative aquatic species
FAS 6932, Ecological Statistic and Design
-3 Credits
-prereq: STA 6166 or FAS 5335C or instructor consent
-This course gives students experience in real-world sampling design and data analyses. At its core, this is a statistics class and much of the focus is on specialized statistical design and analysis approaches that are frequently used in forestry, fisheries, and wildlife research. Topics include applied regression, mixed models, ANCOVA, and repeated-measures analysis. Additionally, analysis tools including a variety of resampling methods, non-linear modeling, indices assessment, and capture-recapture methods will be explored. Each topic is complimented by both a lab exercise analyzing data sets and a weekly discussion focused on classic and contemporary analysis issues in ecological statistics. This class is unique in that it is team taught by faculty from FAS and IFAS Statistics with each faculty member bringing a unique perspective to the course.
FAS 6932, Fisheries Ecology and Management
-4 Credits
-prereq: FAS 6337C or instructor consent
-This course is an advanced graduate course on fisheries stock assessment and management. This course focuses on modern stock assessment models and why these methods work, why they sometimes fail, and how they can be improved and used in evaluating fisheries management decisions. Students construct a variety of stock-assessment models and evaluate the performance of these models using both simulated and real data from a variety of global fisheries. Course Description and General Information
FAS 6932, Scientific Diver
-2 Credits
-prereq or coreq: FAS 6932 Advanced SCUBA or instructor consent
FAS 6932, Spatial Ecology and Modeling
- Offered as block scheduled course Summer 2012
- 2 Credits
- Prereq: None, though knowledge of ArcGIS and ecological modeling in R helpful
Theoretical models, GIS-based methods, spatially explicit matrix population models, movement models, statistical approaches, and stock assessment models to trace the effects of habitat quality, environmental restoration and spatial behavior of fish populations.
FAS 6932, Trophic Ecology of Fishes
- 3 Credits
- Prereq: Biology of Fishes (or equivalent) and STA 6166 (or equivalent)
Tropic ecology of fishes, including: food habit analyses, diet breadth, diet overlap, prey selectivity, prey digestion, gut evacuation, consumption, food-web linkages, foraging connections through stable isotope ratios, trophic cascades, feeding bioenergetics, and interactions among feeding, growth & reproduction.
FAS 6932, Marine Protected Areas
- Offered Fall as requested
- General background in ecology
- Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of marine protected areas (MPA), including the scientific basis and the traditional approach to fisheries management. Covers the ecological principles which guide the creation of MPAs, and the monitoring and documentation necessary to determine MPA success or failure.
FAS 6933, Seminar
FAS 6940, Supervised Teaching
FAS 6971, Master's Research
FAS 7979, Advanced Research
-Research for doctoral students before admission to candidacy. Designed for students with a master's degree in the field of study or for students who have been admitted to a doctoral program. Not appropriate for students who have been admitted to candidacy. S/U.
FAS 7980, Doctoral Research
-Research for doctoral students who have passed the Qualifying Examination.
PEN 1136, Openwater SCUBA Diving
Beginning scuba diving including compass navigation, openwater diving environment, dive preparation and five openwater dives. Payment of required additional course. fees and successful completion results in national certification as Open-water Scuba Diver.
- Offered Fall, Spring, Summer
- 2 credits
Forest/Natural Resource Conservation
FNR 3131C, Dendrology of Forest Plants
-Credits: 3.
-Prereq: refer to the department.
Provides students with a basic understanding of the classification, nomenclature, morphology, ecological relationships, associations and uses of the major forest tree and shrub species of North America.
FNR 3410C, Natural Resource Sampling
- Credits: 3;
- Offered every Fall.
- Prereq: STA 2023.
- Basic concepts of sampling. Design of cost-effective sample surveys. Sampling methodology applicable to natural resources: simple random, stratified, systematic, multi-phase and multi-stage. Cluster sampling, ratio, regression and difference estimation. Line transects. Computer simulation of sampling methods. Intro to remote sensing, geographic information and global positioning systems.
FNR 4070C, Environmental Education Program Development
-Credits: 3;
-Offered Fall of odd years
-Prereq: recommended EDG 2930 and/or WIS 5423; Coreq: FNR 4343L.
A comprehensive approach to program development, from needs assessment to evaluation, will be applied to non-formal environmental opportunities. Existing and developing programs will be analyzed, with emphasis on the role of participation and indicators in meeting environmental objectives. Required field trips will be scheduled.
FNR 4343C, Forest Water Resources
Credits: 3; Prereq: SWS 3022 and SWS 3022L or the equivalent; Coreq: FNR 4343L. Watershed hydrology, balances and models. Water quality parameters, processes and loading. Ecosystem and watershed functions. Watershed resources management.
FNR 4345, Models for Water Resources
Credits: 1; Coreq: FNR 4343C. Examination of stuand and watershed hydrologic models, model development, calibration, scenario testing and interaction with actual hydrologic models.
FNR 4461, Spatial Models and Decision Analysis
Credits: 1; Prereq: FOR 3434C or equivalent, basic statistics or instructor permission. Concepts and applications of environmental modeling in a spatial context using descriptive and prescriptive tools and spatial reasoning.
FNR 4623C, Integrated Natural Resource Management
An integrative approach to the study of forest resource management for the production of multiple products, such as timber, recreation, wildlife, rangeland, utilizing the case study approach.
- 3 Credits
- Prerequisites: refer to the department
- Offered Spring
FNR 4624C, Field Operations for Management of Ecosystems
FNR 4660, Natural Resource Policy & Economics
- 3 credits
- prerequisites: junior or senior standing
- Offered Fall, online
FNR 5072C, Environmental Education Program Development
- offered as requested
- 3 credits
- No prerequisites
- Comprehensive approach, from needs assessment to evaluation, applied to youth-based, nonformal environmental education. Required field trip and group project.
FNR 5335, Agroforestry
- offered every spring semester
- 3 credits
- No prerequisites
- Biological, ecological, socio-economic, and technical / managerial aspects of tree / crop, tree / animal, and tree / crop / animal systems. Examples of traditional and modern, rotational and intercropped systems, and analysis of their structure, functioning, and potentials, with special reference to the tropics and sub-tropics.
FNR 5608, Research Planning
- offered every fall semester
- 3 credits
- Requires consent of instructor
- Required for all new MS students. History and philosophy of science, scientific method, development of a research proposal. Research facilities and programs are presented.
FNR 6564, Ecohydrology
- 3 credits
FOR 2662, Forests for the Future
- offered fall, spring, and summer B
- 3 credits
- no prerequisites
- The course explores changing environmental values that drive and shape ecotourism in Florida, the United State, and the world. It introduces the concept of ecotourism and natural resources management and explores sustainable development, how ecotourism fits into traditional land management and specific applications of ecotourism.
FOR 3004, Forests, Conservation, and People
- offered every spring and summer B
- 3 credits
- no prerequisites
- A general background course for non-FRC students interested in management, use and conservation of forest resources. Topics include resource description, historical perspectives, current issues, forest biology and management principles. (B)
FOR 3153C, Forest Ecology
- offered every fall
- 3 credits
- Requires a biology or botany course (BSC2010 / BSC2010L suggested)
- Ecological principles and their application to the management of forests; major sections include tree population and forest community dynamics, and ecosystem processes. (B)
FOR 3162C, Silviculture
- offered every spring
- 4 credits
- requires a basic ecology course (FOR3153C or PCB3043C suggested)
- Principles governing establishment, treatment and control of forest stands; natural and artificial regeneration systems; intermediate cuttings and cultural operations.
FOR 3200C, Foundations in Natural Resources and Conservation
-offered summer B
-3 credits
-no prerequisites
-This course is an overview of the history of forestry and conservation in the US and world; will review the basic principles of forest biology, ecology, silviculture and natural resource management; will facilitate student interactions with forestry and natural resource professionals; and will introduce students to basic field, research, communications and computer skills that will be an integral part of the Forest Resources and Conservation major.
FOR 3202, Society and Natural Resources
-offered every spring
-3 credits
-no prerequisite
- This course provides a foundation for understanding how society perceives and values natural resources both in North America and around the globe. We will explore the institutions that oversee and manage our environment, using current issues as examples of community and social change, and stressing the important role of communication and education with the public and stakeholders. Many natural resources issues are confusing, complicated, and exacerbated by a lack of thoughtful, helpful communication with the public. We will consider the factors that result in these conflicting interests and discuss potential paths for working with complex human and natural resource systems.
FOR 3214, Fire Ecology and Management
-offered every spring
- A detailed study of the ecological aspects of fire and fire management techniques including assessment of prescribed burning plans, comparison of present day and historical fire policies and use, critical factors influencing fire behavior and effects, and wildfire control and operations.
FOR 3214L, Fire Ecology and Management Lab
-offered every spring
-1 credit
-A laboratory to assess, design, and participate in the application of prescribed fire in forest ecosystem research and management.
FOR 3342C, Tree Biology
FOR 3430C, Forest Mensuration
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
- Requires FNR3410C (or equivalent)
- Forest resource measurements; log and tree content estimation; forest inventory techniques; stand growth and yield.
FOR 3434C, Forest Resources Information Systems
- offered every summer B
- 3 credits
- No prerequisites
- Introduction to the concepts, principles and applications of geographic information systems, remote sensing, and global positioning systems, emphasizing applications in forest resource management.
FOR 3855, Agroforestry in the Southeastern United States
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
- Designed for undergraduate students having a natural resource background and interest. Cap of 20 students per semester. Agroforestry history and concepts, characteristics of the southeast of interest to agroforestry, biophysical interactions, economics, policy, marketing, agroforestry trees, silvopasture, alley cropping, windbreaks, riparian buffers, forest farming, on-line resources.
FOR 4020, Seminar in Contemporary Issues in Forest Resources and Conservation
-offered every fall
-1 credit
-This course will help students understand the concepts, organizations and people involved in several contemporary issues in forest resources and conservation; use critical thinking and lead discussions aimed at airing both sides of controversial issues; better make presentations and engage in persuasive dialog related to resolving conflicts; and better prepare professional resumes and interview for jobs.
FOR 4060, Global Forests
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
-An analysis of the current status and trends of forest resource use and conservation on a global scale.
FOR 4090C, Urban Forestry
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
- Requires 4FY or higher
- Introduction to the nature, scope, and components of the urban forest, including biology, culture, and protection and aspects of management, planning and policy.
FOR 4110, Ecology and Restoration of Longleaf Pine Ecosystems
- 3 credits
- Offered Spring of even years
- Prereq: an ecology course
- History, structure, importance, ecology, restoration and management techniques, ownership patterns and policy implications.
FOR 4165, Regional Silviculture
- offered fall as requested
- 2 credits
- Requires FOR3162C (or equivalent)
- A general survey of the significant biological, physical, and economic qualities of the major regions of the U.S. Emphasis on various silvicultural systems used in managing these forest types with respect to geographic differences in land use, market opportunities, species characteristics and economic conditions.
FOR 4621 Forest Economics and Management
- offered every fall
- 4 credits
- Requires FOR3162C
- A detailed study of stand and forest growth and development, planning principles, financial analysis, forest valuation, optimization within various constrained frameworks, analysis of forest management alternatives, and development of comprehensive harvest schedule models.
FOR 4624C, Forest Health Management
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
- Requires FOR3162C (or equivalent)
- An integrated, tree- and forest-oriented study of forest health emphasizing the ecological and economic roles of the biotic agents and abiotic factors that incite dysfunction and the biological and ecological basis for the maintenance of forest health through integrated management of these agents and the forest.
FOR 4664, Sustainable Ecotourism Development
- offered every fall
- Recommended LEI4833
- An interdisciplinary and applicable study of the tools and techniques and managers and planners use to provide sustainable ecotourism opportunities in Florida and worldwide. Topics include integrating ecotourism with other resource uses, landscape level ecotourism planning, sustainable community development, minimizing and monitoring ecotourism impacts, and creating a diversity of ecotourism opportunities.
FOR 4854, Agroforestry
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
- Requires 4FY or 4AG classification
- Concepts and principles of agroforestry, including its complexity and diversity, improved agroforestry techniques in temperate and tropical zones, recent research problems and methodologies of agroforestry research, and the potentials of agroforestry in land management and development.
FOR 4905, Individual Study in Natural Resources
- offered every fall, spring, and summer
- 1 to 4 credits
- Individual study of a selected topic related to forest resources and conservation as contracted with the instructor at the start of the term.
FOR 4909, Honors Project
- 1 to 6 credits
- Requires admission to CALS Honors Program
- A special project course restricted to students in the college's Honors Program. Students complete a project on a selected topic, issue or problem in research, teaching or extension. The project will be reviewed by at least two faculty members chosen by the honors coordinator. May be repeated for up to six credits.
FOR 4934, Topics in Natural Resources (Multiple Courses)
Ecology and Restoration of Invaded Ecosystems
- special offerings available at instructor's discretion
- 1 to 4 credits
- Requirements depend on course material
- Topics in forestry, wood science, range, recreation, wildlife and fisheries. Topics include special issues and in-depth study of topics not in other courses.
FOR 4941, Internship in Natural Resources
- 1 to 4 credits
- Requires FY classification
- Permission of the undergraduate coordinator required. Supervision by a faculty member and a post-internship report are required. S/U.
FOR 4943C, Senior Practicum in Natural Resources
- 1 credit
- Requires 4FY classification
- Senior level forest management project including information gathering and analyses, plan development and oral presentation.
FOR 5157, Ecosystem Restoration Principles and Practices
- 3 credits
- Offered Fall of even years
- History, structure, importance, ecology, restoration and management techniques, ownership patterns and policy implications.
FOR 5159, Ecology and Restoration of Longleaf Pine Ecosystems
- 3 credits
- Prereq: an ecology course
- History, structure, importance, ecology, restoration and management techniques, ownership patterns and policy implications.
FOR 5161, Forest Productivity and Health
- offered spring of even years
- 3 credits
- Requires consent of instructor
- Silviculture, disease management, and genetic improvement. Stand development and composition, growth limiting factors, epidemiology, choice of species and provenance, and tree breeding.
FOR5435, Forest Information Systems
- offered Summer B
- 3 credits
- Requires consent of instructor
- Role of reliable information in forest resources managemen. Important sources of information. Cost-effective solution: precision vs. cost. Sampling methodology. Forestry applications of remote sensing, geographic information systems, and global positioning system. Database management systems. Information sharing and dissemination through internet / world wide web.
FOR 5615, Forest Conservation and Management Policies and Issues
- 3 credits
- No prerequisites
- Current policies in both North America and internationally. Historical patterns of resource use and policy response reviewed as basis for evaluation current issues.
FOR 5625, Forest Water Resources Management
- 3 credits
- Requires SOS3022
- Forest managment practices in relation to hydrologic responses and water quality considerations.
FOR 5626, Forest Resource Management
- offered fall of odd years
- 3 credits
- Requires consent of instructor
- Application of operations research and forest economics and finance to problems; harvest scheduling; forest manipulation for multiple objectives; economic decision making.
FOR 5756, Non-Timber Forest Products
-3 credits
-Intensive review of non-timber forest products worldwide, and how forests are managed to provide these products.
FOR 6005, Conservation Behavior
-offered as requested
-3 credits
- Methods for changing behavior in various groups to improve environmental sustainability.
FOR 6156, Simulation Analysis of Forest Ecosystems
FOR 6164, Silviculture: Concepts and Application
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
- Requires graduate status or consent of instructor
- Promotes understanding of principles governing establishment, treatment, and control of forest stands; regeneration systems; intermediate cuttings; intensive cultural practices; land use ethics; and management systems.
FOR 6170, Tropical Forestry
- 3 credits
- Requires consent of instructor
- Climatic influences, forest types, natural forest and plantation management, policies, practices, and conservation.
FOR 6215, Fire Paradigms
- offering it in spring of even numbered years
FOR 6340, Physiology of Forest Trees
- offered Spring of odd years
- 3 credits
- Requires graduate status or consent of instructor
- Growth and development of woody perennial plants with emphasis on understanding how environmental factors affect their physiology.
FOR 6345C, Plant Water Relation Methods
- offered Spring of even years
- 2 credits
- Requires consent of instructor
-This two credit course will focus on instruments and techniques used to quantify water balance and status in plants in the field. Emphasis will be placed on the theory, assumptions, advantages and shortcomings of various measurement techniques. Course activities will include discussions, laboratory exercises, problem sets, and a final term paper or comprehensive exam.
FOR 6543, Valuation of Natural Resources
- 3 credits
- Requires consent of instructor
- Extension of microeconomic principles to problems in forest production, supply behavior, forest valuation, and multiple-use of forest lands.
FOR 6628, Community Forest Management
-offered every fall
-3 credits
-This course integrated theory from the socio-economic and bio-physical sciences with the on-the-ground realities in implementing community –based forest management and conservation.
FOR 6665, Landscape Planning for Ecotourism
- offered every fall
- 3 credits
- No prerequisites
- Discussion of the history of nature-based recreation, the principles behind ecotourism, examples of international ecotourism offerings, and procedures for integrating ecotourism into a management plan.
FOR 6905, Research Problems in Forest Resources & Conservation
- 1 to 6 credits (maximum of 10 total)
- Requires permission of instructor
FOR 6910, Supervised Research
- 1 to 5 credits (maximum of 5 total)
- Requires permission of instructor
- S/U graded
FOR 6933, Seminar
- offered every fall and spring
- 1 credit (maximum of 2)
- Weekly seminar on various issues and topics in natural resource management, including internal and external research projects. S/U or standard graded.
FOR 6934, Topics in Forest Resources and Conservation (Multiple Courses)
Fire Paradigms
Bark and Abroisia Beetles (Syllabus)
- offered at instructor's discretion
- 1 to 4 credits (maximum of 10 total)
- Selected topics in forestry and natural resource management
FOR 6934, Analysis of Forest Ecosystems
- 3 credits
- Concepts of the ecosystem, the role of models for understanding ecosystem dynamics, disturbance regimes and stability theory, nutrient cycles and ecosystem energetics
FOR 6934, Ecology and Restoration of Invaded Ecosystems
- 3 credits
- Invasion ecology, with emphasis on plant invasions in managed forests and natural ecosystems. Management tools and techniques are discussed, along with the restoration of formerly invaded systems. Plant invasions from Florida and around the world are used as case studies.
FOR 6934, Fire Ecology and Management
- 2 credits
FOR 6934, Forest Mensuration
- Forest resource measurements, log and tree content estimation, forest inventory techniques, and stand growth and yield.
FOR 6934, Natural Resource Policy & Economics
- 3 credits
- Factors in evolution of forest, range, wildlife and related natural resources administration and policies in the United States; policy components; policy formation implementation, administration and change processes; introduction to criteria for evaluating effectiveness of policies and administration.
FOR 6934, Watershed Management and Restoration
- 3 credits
- Rationale for, processes of, and results from hydrologic restoration at the watershed scale; physical, chemical biological, legal, regulatory and social aspects of this complex process; an adaptive approach to restoration and management predicated on institutional flexibility, hypothesis driven management and effective monitoring; key case studies to animate the concepts.
FOR 6940, Supervised Teaching
- 1 to 4 credits (maximum of 5 total)
- Requires permission of instructor
- S/U graded
FOR 6971, Master's Research
- 1 to 15 credits
- S/U graded
FOR 7979, Advanced Research
- 1 to 12 credits
- Research for doctoral students before admission to candidacy. Designed for students with a master's degree in the field of study who have been accepted for a doctoral program. Not open to students who have been admitted to candidacy. S/U graded.
FOR 7980, Doctoral Research
- 1 to 15 credits
- S/U graded
- 3 credits - offered every fall
PCB 5530, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Syllabus
-offered every fall
-3 credits
-undergraduate molecular biology and biochemistry course
-Integrated overview of the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms enabling plant growth, development, and function.
PCB 6528, Plant Molecular Biology
- offered spring of even years
- 3 credits
- Requires BCH6415 and PCB5065 (or equivalents)
- Structure, function, and analysis of plant genomes, genes, and gene products. Lecture format with frequent discussion of recent papers. Genome structure, transformation, gene tagging, transcription, signal transduction, organelles, protein trafficking.
PCB 6555, Introduction to Quantitative Genetics
- offered spring of odd years
- 3 credits
- Requires STA6166
- Intended for students of all disciplines who are interested in genetic principles and biometric evaluation of characters that exhibit continuous variation in natural populations or breeding programs.
GIS 4121, Geospatial Analysis
- Prerequisites SUR 3393, SUR 3393L, STA 2023 and 3AG-GEM classification or higher
- Syllabus
GIS 6103, GIS Programming and Customization
capabilities of a Geographic Information System (GIS) through programming
- Syllabus
- 3 credits
GIS 6116, Geographic Information Systems Analysis
- offered fall
- 3 credits
- Requires introductory GIS course
- Analytical tools such as software grid modules, database query, map algebra, and distance operations; analytical operations such as database query, derivative mapping, and process modeling; sources and nature of uncertainty and error, and project planning management.
SUR 3103, Geomatics
- offered every fall
- 3 credits
- Requires MAC1114 or MAC1147 or Calc 1 placement (or equivalent)
- Corequires SUR3641
- Introduction to angle, distance, and elevation measurement, as applied to engineering, boundary location, topography, forest management, and construction. Covers error theory, as well as horizontal and vertical curves.
SUR 3323, Visualization of Spatial Information
- 3 credits
- No prerequisites
- Two dimensional graphical methods of communicating and visualizing features of constructed projects. Involves boundary and topographic features, site modeling, site development, structures, drainage, and foundations using computer aided drafting and design techniques.
SUR 3331, Photogrammetry
- offered every spring
- 2 credits
- Requires SUR3103C (or equivalent)
- Fundamentals of photography, geometry of vertical aerial photographs, stereoscopic parallax, geometry of tilted photographs, stereoplotter mapping, close-range photographic analysis, and an introduction to digital imagery.
SUR 3331L, Photogrammetry Lab
- 1 credit
- Co-requires SUR3331
- Photographic printing, measurements of vertical aerial photographs, stereoscopic parallax measurement, stereoplotter mapping, project planning, and close-range photogrammetric analysis.
SUR 3393, Geographic Information Systems
- offered every Fall
- 2 credits
- No prerequisites
- GIS concepts, surveying and mapping inputs in GIS development, comparison of GIS systems, applications in the natural and physical sciences, engineering, and planning.
SUR 3393L, Geographic Information Systems Lab
- offered every fall
- 1 credit
- Corequires SUR3393
- Geographic information systems, image processing, remote sensing, and digitizing.
SUR 3501, Spatial Measurement Systems
- 2 credits
- Requires SUR3103C
- Geodetic instrumentation, azimuth determination by astronomy, geodetic leveling, geodetic coordinate systems and plane projections.
SUR 3501L, Spatial Measurements Systems Lab
- 1 credit
- Co-requires SUR3501
- Geodetic instrumentation, electronic data collector, geodetic astronomy, and coordinate conversions.
SUR 3520, Measurement Science
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
- Requires MAC2312; STA2023, STA3032, or GEO3162C; SUR3641 (or equivalent)
- Theory of measurement errors, error propagation, variance and covariance, polynomial curve fitting, regression analysis, correlation and least squares adjustments.
SUR 3641, Survey Computations
-offered every fall
-3 credits
-Co-req: SUR3103C
-The principles of mathematics applied to surveying computations. Computer methods in surveying.
SUR 4201, Route Geometrics and Design
SUR 4350C, Advanced Photogrammetry
- offered every fall
- 3 credits
- Requires SUR3331 and SUR3520 (or equivalents)
- Precise photgrammetric measurements, camera calibration, object space coordinate systems, analytical control extension, stereoplotter mapping, digital mapping, and softcopy stereoplotters.
SUR 4380, Remote Sensing
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
- Requires senior standing
- Remote sensing systems, ground truthing, image classification systems, mapping applications, applications in plant and animal science, urban planning, engineering, geology, and integration into geographic information systems.
SUR 4403, Cadastral Principles
- offered every fall
- 3 credits
- Requires SUR3103C (or equivalent)
- Cadastral systems, land boundaries, corners, and areas; writing land descriptions and identification of land parcels; legal principles of boundary survey, office and business practices; professional standing.
SUR 4430, Surveying and Mapping Practice
SUR 4463, Subdivision Design
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
- Requires SUR3323, co-requires SUR4201
- Design of a medium-sized subdivision, master plan development, physical development considerations, legal requirements, comprehensive project, mock presentation, and platting.
SUR 4530, Geodesy and Geodetic Positioning
- offered every fall
- 3 credits
- Requires SUR3103C (or equivalent)
- Introduction to geomatic and physical geodesy, ellipsoids, geodetic lines, computation of position, gravity, and coordinate systems.
SUR 4905, Special Problems in Geomatics
- 1 to 3 credits
- No prerequisites
- Special problems or projects in the student's major field of study.
SUR 4912, Senior Project
- 1 credit
- Requires senior standing
- Laboratory, equipment, or literature investigations of surveying and mapping problems and concepts of current interest resulting in a written work.
SUR 4934, Topics in Geomatics
- 1 to 4 credits
- Requirements depend on course material
- Topics in surveying and mapping. Topics include special issues and in-depth study of topics not in other courses.
SUR 4949, Co-op Work Experience
- 1 credit
- Requires GEM classification
- Practical field experience of sufficient academic rigor.
SUR 5365, Digital Mapping
- offered fall of odd years
- 3 credits
- Requires consent of instructor
- Methods of digital representation of maps, coordinate development, digitizing, stereocompilation, scanning, remote sensing, hardware and software systems, file conversion, integration into GIS, and attribute development.
SUR 5385, Remote Sensing Applications
- offered
- 3 credits
- Requires consent of instructor
- Review of remote sensing systems, image classification methods, mapping applications, integration of remotely sensed data into GIS, application of data for variety of spatial information systems.
SUR 5386, Image Processing for Remote Sensing
- offered every Spring
- Requires consent of instructor
- analysis of remote sensing imagery with natural resource applications; image formation and radiometric/atmospheric correction models; hyperspectral image formation, dimensionality reduction, and classification; machine learning classification algorithms; LiDAR data.
SUR 5425, Cadastral Information Systems
- 3 credits
- Requires consent of instructor
- Methods of cadastral mapping for tax and/or GIS applications; interpretation of deed and survey information, the sectional survey system, conflict resolution, and cadastral information.
SUR 5525, Least Squares Adjusted Computations
- 3 credits
- Requires computer programming proficiency and consent of instructor
- Implementation of least squares solutions for survey-mapping and GIS applications, time and storage optimization; error analysis, initial approximation generation; robust estimations; and computer programming.
SUR 6427, Land Tenure and Administration
- 3 credits
- Requires SUR5425 or consent of instructor
- Issues and problems, and design of projects to address these problems in developing countries.
SUR 6535, GPS-INS Integration
- offered every spring
- 3 credits
- Prerequisites – solid mathematics background especially vector calculus and matrix algebra
- Principles of inertial navigation and its integration with GPS; coordinate frames, modeling linear motion and rotational motion, mechanization of inertial navigation sensor measurements, space state representation of system errors and linear state equations.
SUR 6905, Special Problems in Geomatics
- 1 to 6 credits (maximum of 10)
- Requires permission of instructor
- Individual study of a selected topic in Geomatics as contracted with the instructor at the start of the term.
SUR 6934, Image Processing
- offered Spring anually
- Optical Radiation Model, Digital Image Characteristics/ Formation, Radiometric and geometric corrections, spatial and frequency transforms, thematic information extraction, hyperspectral image processing/classification, LiDAR.
SUR 6934, Fundamentals of GIS
- offered Fall anually
- GIS concepts, surveying and mapping inputs in GIS development, comparison of GIS systems, and applications in the natural and physical sciences, engineering and planning, image processing, remote sensing, digitizing. Course capstone project required.
SUR 6934, GIS Programming
- Scripting, object oriented programming, syntax of .NET language C#, ArcObjects structure, Visual Studio programming environment.
SUR 6934, Geodesy & Geodetic Positioning
- offered Fall anually
- Introduction to geometric and physical geodesy, ellipsoids, geodetic lines, computation or position, gravity and coordinate systems. Course capstone project required.
SUR 6934, USA Geospatial Modeling
SUR 6934, USA Geospatial Practicum
SUR 6934, Topics in Geomatics (Multiple Courses)
- 1 to 4 credits (maximum of 10)
- Selected topics in Geomatics that address specific issues and/or in-depth study of topics not covered in other courses.
SUR 6934, LIDAR Applications
- Syllabus
- 3 credits
- offered every fall


text:
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Jan 13, 2013 11:45 PM by katc
A Jennings man is arrested, charged with Simple Burglary. Jeff Davis deputies responded to a call on Empire Road in Jennings after a complaint about items stolen from property as well as damage to the property. Deputies made an offense report and itemized list of the property taken. Later in the shift it was discovered that the items reported stolen were located in a truck bed that was parked in a parking lot in Jennings. Deputies recovered the stolen items and made one arrest, Stephen Guidry, 27 years old, of Jennings. Guidry was booked into the Jefferson Davis Parish Jail. The items recovered were identified by the victim and returned to him.
8 hours ago


text:
Revan: The Novel Spoilers (Oh god...)
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Darth Avlectus
Your point?
Join Date
: Dec 2006
: Attack on Titan
: 4,255
Current Game
: Soul Calibur 5
*ignores second video and all comments afterwards*
Recalling from Darth Bane: Path of Destruction,
Bane admired Revan, even if Revan was ultimately redeemed to the light side.
Of course this was written in 2006, and TOR was only in its conceptual stage, if that, so presumably it was referring to the light side ending of KOTOR. I theorized whatever the case was if they were bringing Revan back in some form, it would have to end up being light sided to not contradict canon.
So I theorize further that if there are dark alternates that could be considered also canon:
1) Revan will be killed by you but remain light side.
2) Revan is consumed by the dark side and joins you. In killing the emperor he succeeds if you allow it.
3) OR any variation of the above PROVIDED THAT Revan is NOT known to the galaxy at large to still live.
"I cant see S***! --YOU GO TO HELL!" --Tourettes guy
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More reviews by NaturalBeauty29
I have been using this for a long time. Like it alot.
One of my favorite bonne bell lip glosses. Looks great alone or over my nude toned lipstick. It tastes good, not overwhelmingly sweet like some others I have tried and not at all sticky.
For the price this lip gloss is fantastic. I love the taste, the price, AND the color. It gives your lips a nice warm almost beigey-pink color. It isn't sticky, the taste isn't overwhelming, and you get lot's in your tube. This stays with me all the time. I love it.
I used to use Bonne Bell's lip glosses all the time when I was in high school because they are affordable, taste & smell yummy, and have nice color choices. You can't beat Bonne Bell's glosses for the price! Sometimes I wonder why I don't still own this gloss! It is such a gorgeous nude/cool brown color. It isn't very sticky and is somewhat moisturizing. I felt pretty when I wore it. It is definitely worth a try :)
I love this lip gloss. I have been through so many tubes. It is the best milky color- nude/beigey. For the price, you just can't beat it. Also- I really like the flavor and smell... just like a delish Starbucks cappaccino!
The color is definitely lighter than what you would see in the tube. This turned my pigmented lips into a milky grayish color. Unlike most, I DO like the scent; however, I wish the applicator was a brush rather than a doe foot type. Long story short, I wouldn't purchase this again. The color is just too cool for my warm skin tone.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
i love this lip gloss! it tastes and smells absolutely delicious. i honestly cant get enough of it. plus it creates the perfect nude lips for my complexion. even my boyfriend loves the smell when i wear this
I tried this lip gloss about a year and a half ago and absolutely hated it. The smell made me sick and the color made me look like a corpse! But, about a month ago I gave it another go while I was at Ulta, and I'm so glad I did because this time it actually smells and tastes like a cappuccino and does not make me look sick. I wish the staying power was a little bit more powerful though. It always makes my car smell good (like cake) when I put it on. I love it!
Wow - I've never had ANY lip product that gave me a nude lip that worked on me. I'm super fair/porcelain skinned, with pink tones, and VERY pigmented lips. This isn't brown like it appears, it's lightly pigmented and on my lips appears the perfect nude. It does smell very sweet, like cookies or sometimes, I'm not sure, I'm terrible at describing lip gloss scents. Very sugary smelling, but not something I dislike at all, I love it. And I often despise the constant sugar smell in products lately. The container is basic, with a wand/sponge tip applicator, and lots of gloss inside, for a fantastic price. I paid $3.50 at my grocery store, Wegmans. I bought three, Cream Pop, Vanilla Swirl, and Cappuccino. They're all great with my coloring, but the Vanilla smells a bit wrong sometimes, so I will replace it, it must be a dud or something. I will buy these all again, they're great, wish I could track down more colors!
This lipgloss smells and tastes great! I wear this nudish brown beige on my lips whenever I have smokey eye makeup!


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Back to Document
National Association for Health and Fitnesshttp://www.physicalfitness.org/
President's Council on Fitness, Sport & Nutritionhttp://www.fitness.gov/
Canadian Society for Exercise Physiologyhttp://www.csep.ca/english/view.asp?x=1
Health Canada Healthy Livinghttp://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/physactiv/index-eng.php
Bent-Knee Sit-up/Crunches. American Council on Exercise website. Available at: http://www.acefitness.org/exerciselibrary/52/bent-knee-sit-up-crunches/. Accessed December 4, 2012.
When Pigs Crunch: A Commonsense Approach to Abdominal Training. American Council on Exercise website. Available at: http://www.acefitness.org/certifiednewsarticle/1884/when-pigs-crunch-a-commonsense-approach-to. Accessed December 4, 2012.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
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The Latin American spin on IPTV
Industry News
Briefing Room
Latin America has become fertile ground for IPTV, even though varying regulatory environments make each country its own potential challenge. In some countries, such as Brazil, the large telecom operators are forbidden from offering video services over their networks.
Still, IPTV is taking off in Latin America, even as it seems to be slowing north of the border, where AT&T remains the primary deployer. Steve Oetegen, of conditional access provider Veramatrix, said his company is looking at double-digit requests for proposals from Latin America, and he expects to see six to eight deployments this year but noted many of those are hybrid deployments.
Alcatel-Lucent and Microsoft last week announced a Latin American win, signing Codetel (Compania Dominicana de Telefonos) of the Dominican Republic. Codetel is an admittedly smaller player than many of the Tier 1 telecom service providers that are currently using Microsoft Mediaroom to deliver IPTV and possibly a sign of more to come on this front, said Hemang Mehta, product management director for Microsoft Mediaroom.
The Dominican Republic is a market where broadband penetration is not so high, Mehta said. [Average revenues per user] are much lower compared to the U.S. markets. One of the interesting things there is what I would say is central gravity at two different ends: a lower socioeconomic group and also pockets of affluence. One of the challenges is how do we make sure we have a platform that can allow us to not only provide a cost-effective base package, but take into account pockets of affluence where we have to support multiple TVs in the home. You have to plan with respect to capacity available in the network. With the Mediaroom platform, we are in the Tier 1 space with larger operators, but I think that Codetel and other recent announcements show the viability with smaller players.
The knock against Microsoft has been that its server-intensive solution is too expensive for smaller companies, but Mehta said that thinking is changing for two reasons: First, service providers are seeing Microsofts Mediaroom as the all-in-one solution it is designed to be, and second, server prices are coming down.
Codetel was doing broadband services, had an Internet base and also strong mobile penetration, which was growing substantially, Mehta said. They needed to have a TV package to make sure they had a set of converged services. Being a small telecom player, they didnt have the luxury of saying, We are going to build everything from the ground up. [Mediaroom] is a platform, and along with some of our partners like Motorola, they were able to enter the convergence space.
Motorola is supplying the IPTV customer premises equipment that enables Codetel to offer services such as programming of the digital video recorder with a mobile phone or PC, Mehta said.
The challenge for Latin American providers is to beat their cable competition but also be able to compete with broadcast options. There are about 25 over-the-air channels in the Dominican, Mehta said.
As analyst Steven Hawley noted after the big IPTV Americas show earlier this year, telcos will need to move more quickly if they want to get out ahead or at least keep up with the cable operators.
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Pizzarito – Hot or mild sauce on a soft shell with onions & melted cheese
El Biggo Nachos Tray – Crispy tortilla chips with lots of melted cheese.
Quesadilla – Melted cheese & onions served with sour cream & tomato salsa
Guacamole & Chips {Vegan}
Queso & Chips
Fresh Salsa & Chips
Fresh Corn Salsa & Chips
Side of Chips
Choice of beef or bean, with chips, lettuce, cheese, olives, onions & tomatoes, served with our special sauce. Add chicken or steak for an additional cost.
Customize your meal with any of these add-ons: pintos, black beans, potatos, sweet potatos, rice, tomatoes, onions, sprouts, jalapeno peppers, black olives, tomato salsa, corn salsa or sour cream
Guacamole inside your burrito
Add Queso to your burrito
Extra cheese
Side of rice
Side of beans
Side of rice & beans
Large side of guacamole
Side of queso
TACO TONTO's FAMOUS SAUCES {take some home} – mild or hot
Citrus Cilantro, Smokey Hot Cilantro, Habanero or Smoked Chipotle
all tacos are made with lettuce, cheese & tomato.
STEAK w/ rice
CHICKEN w/ rice & sour cream
COMBO beef w/ choice of beans
BEAN pinto or black
POTATO w/ sour cream
SWEET POTATO w/ black bean
TWO LAYER TACO – chicken in a super size corn shell wrapped in sour cream or pinto beans and a soft shell tortilla
open face 10″ tortilla baked w/ cheese & onions then topped w/ lettuce, tomatoes & sour cream
Bean (pinto or black)
Combo (beef and beans)
Potato with sour cream
Rice & Bean
Hand rolled to order & baked to crispy perfection.
Steak – with rice, cheese, onions, tomato salsa, lettuce & sour cream
Chicken – with rice, cheese, lettuce & sour cream
Beef – with rice, cheese, onion & lettuce
Combo – Beef & beans with rice, cheese, onion & lettuce
Bean – pinto or black beans beans with cheese, onion & lettuce
Sweet Potato – with black beans, cheese, onion & lettuce
Potato – smashed red potatoes with sour cream, cheese, onion & lettuce
Rice & Bean – with cheese, onion & lettuce
Cheese – with tomatoes, onion & lettuce
Burrito in a Bowl – choice of any burrito in a bowl with cheese, tomatoes, onion, lettuce & sour cream
Baby Burritos – Choose 3 ingredients
Huge selection of hand-selected craft beer at both locations & full bar with top shelf liquor & all handmade mixers in Lakewood. Updated Monthly!
16 oz. cups free refills
Coke, Diet Coke, Sprite, Dr Pepper, Root Beer, pink lemonade, sweetened tea, Fanta Orange. Or complimentary cups for water.


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By Ilaina Jonas
(Reuters) - Verizon Communications Inc
Under the terms of the deal, Vodafone would get $58.9 billion in cash, $60.2 billion in Verizon stock, and an additional $11 billion from smaller transactions that would take the total deal value to $130 billion, Verizon said in a statement.
The boards of Verizon and Vodafone have unanimously approved the sale, which is subject to customary closing conditions, and was expected to close in the first quarter of 2014.
Verizon said it expects the transaction to be immediately accretive to earnings per share by about 10 percent, without any one-time adjustments.
The deal marks the third-largest announced acquisition in corporate history and British telecom giant Vodafone's exit from the large but mature U.S. mobile market.
Verizon also said its board declared a quarterly dividend of 53 cents per share, an increase of 1.5 cents, or 2.9 percent, from the previous quarter. On an annual basis, the hike raises Verizon's dividend 6 cents, from $2.06 to $2.12 per share.
(Reporting by Ilaina Jonas and Edwin Chan; Editing by Jeffrey Benkoe)


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We knew that this was about to happen. When a person or group of people decide to launch attacks at one another, whether via war or a 'knockout game', the other side if smart will fight back. Preserving one's own life is always a higher virtue. A 60-year old woman has killed two teens after she was attacked during a 'knockout game'. I hope that this serves as a lesson to those who think it's ok to attack 'defenseless' people. Each time they attack, they may very well be the next victims. From MixedMartialArts.com and this original source link which has been down for an hour.Meanwhile, conspiracy theory forums are debating over whether this is even a legitimate story or just 'fair warning'.
Police are still trying to piece together the events of Monday night after a woman was attacked and then fired shots into the crowd of teens that assaulted her.
Beulah Montgomery, who just turned 60 yesterday, says she was walking home after purchasing lottery tickets when she says a group of teens, 7 of them, approached her. Montgomery initially thought they were going to attempt to steal her purse but says she was instead hit by one of the individuals as a second attempted to hit her. That's when she grabbed her gun.
"All I could feel was pain and I said to myself I had made it to 60 and I wanted to at least see 61," she recalled. "Then I started praying and I asked the Lord to guide my hands" Montgomery says she then reached into her purse and and shot in the direction of the teens and they started to flee. However two of them didn't make without being hit.
Beulah who is a member of her local neighborhood watch said she has always carried a gun after being mugged once before. "Its a shame you can't walk through your own neighborhood where you are supposed to feel safe without being assaulted and mistreated," she continues. "I purchased the gun hoping I would never have to use it, but I'm glad to still be in the land of the living."
The same cannot be said for her two victims, Montgomery fired 5 times hitting one of the teens in the chest and the other in the stomach. Because of their age police are not releasing the names at this time, but are saying the teens died as a result of the gun shot wounds. Police are still looking for the others teens who were apart of the group. Witnesses say they ran off after the gun shots were fired.


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1 cup of almond meal (you can also use any other nuts!)
1 cup of cacao powder
3 tablespoons of maple syrup or honey
2 tablespoons of water
5 tablespoons of fine shaved coconut flakes
1. In a bowl mix the cacao powder and almond meal together
2. Add the maple syrup and water and stir!
3. Roll them into balls!
4. Then roll them into shaved coconut!
+ Add 1 teaspoon of coconut oil for more of a coconut taste!
- Rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals
- High in magnesium
- Great workout food
- For weight loss
- High in protein
- Good amount of folate


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Tag: W2
SnapTax allows you to do your taxes on your iPhone
It's a new year, which means that in a few months, taxes will come due yet again. So why not get a head start on them with your iPhone -- there is, it turns out, an app for that. TurboTax has an app coming out called SnapTax that promises to make taxes easy. All you do is take a picture of your W2...
W2: a little iPhone wiki
Steven Frank (of Panic fame) was unsatisfied with iPhone's notes, so he decided to hack up a little iPhone optimized wiki called W2 to use instead. It actually runs server-side, so you'll need a web server with PHP. Once installed, however, it'll allow you cross-link, embed images, search, and even...
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Boyds' JRS Classic Rifle Stock Mauser 98 Sporter Barrel Contour Laminated Brown Wood Finished
Product #: 712752 Boyds' Stocks #: 320631G-04-111
Product Information
This stock is a beautiful specimen of the elegant classic style. The slender, somewhat open grip is well defined, but does not extend too far below the toe line. The comb is parallel to the bore, which aids scope use and is more comfortable during recoil. The cheekpiece blends perfectly with the overall shape of the buttstock, and the forend is flat and well proportioned to complement barrels 22-26" long. Stocks are Finished Semi Drop-in. May require inletting to specific action.
Technical Information
Material: Nutmeg Laminate
Finish: Finished and Sealed
Color: Brown
Barrel Profile: E.R. Shaw #1 barrel contour
Work Needed:May require minor fitting
Barrel and action channels may require additional sanding
Accessories:Sling swivel studs and recoil pad included
Fits large ring Mausers, wil not fit intermediate length Mausers i.e. Yugo
Technical Information
Material: Nutmeg Laminate
Finish: Finished and Sealed
Color: Brown
Barrel Profile: E.R. Shaw #1 barrel contour
Work Needed:May require minor fitting
Accessories:Sling swivel studs and recoil pad included
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Ferris wheelThis photo was shot on film. Taken by hodachrome with a Lomo LC-A loaded with Redscale 400(handmade) film in Gifu, Japan. These tags describe this photo: redscale, double, double-exposure, doubles, double exposure, multiple exposure, multiple-exposure, ferris wheel, cloud, sun, sky, and flower. Date: 2012-03. Time: Noon. This photo can also be found in the album Redscale 2012 March.
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1,756pages on
this wiki
this wiki
|10th century • 12th century • 1490 • 1864 • 1922 • 1977 • 2008 • 2009 • 2010 • 2011
| September 2009 • November 2009 • January 2010 • February 2010 • March 2010 • April 2010 •
August 2010 • September 2010 • October 2010 • November 2010 • December 2010 • January 2011 • February 2011 • March 2011 • April-June 2011 • September 2011 •
1864 is an important year in The Vampire Diaries.
- Johnathan Gilbert begins writing his journal. At the end of the journal he gives details about Emily Bennett and her Grimoire.
- Johnathan Gilbert is interested in Pearl, the Oriental woman who has the Apothecary . He did not know at the time that Pearl and her daughter Anna are both vampires who could walk in daylight (Children of the Damned).
September 1stEdit
- The beginning of the Atlanta Campfires, which Katherine uses as a cover, posing an orphaned girl who lost her parents in the fires.
- She arrives at the Salvatore Estate shortly after this event.
September 24thEdit
- The first Founder's Ball is held at the Original Lockwood Mansion.
- George Lockwood returns home, bearing the Lockwood curse.
- Henry tells Katherine that the recent attacks seem not to be the work of vampires, but rather of something else.
- Katherine tells George she knows his secret.
- Stefan confesses his love for Katherine and Damon overhears them
- Katherine later reveals to Stefan that she is a vampire.
- Emily uses the power of the comet that was passing over her head, to place a spell that would protect Katherine, if something is to happen to her.
- It is later revealed that Emily sealed the tomb bellow Fell's Church in order to protect all vampires.
- We later find out that Katherine made a deal with George Lockwood for her get-away from the church.
Late 1864Edit
The Battle of Willow CreekEdit
- On this day it is planned that the vampire round up of Mystic Falls is to commence, and will be covered as a casualty of the war.
- Stefan and his father have a conversation. Giuseppe spikes his son's drink with vervain.
- After drinking Stefan 's blood, Katherine is weakened by the vervain and falls into capture.
- Damon makes a bargain with Emily and swears that he will protect her descendants if he protects Katherine.
- Emily seals the tomb underneath the church.
- Both Stefan and Damon are killed by their own father (Giuseppe Salvatore), while trying to free Katherine from a carriage that was taking her to Fell's Church, which the founding families wanted to burn.
- George Lockwood frees Katherine form the church, and in exchange she gives him the Moonstone.
- Both swear to take each other's secrets to the grave. Before running to her carriage Katherine kisses Stefan 's dead body.
The day after the battleEdit
- Stefan and Damon enter transition as vampires. Emily Bennett gives them the Lapis Lazuli day-walking rings.
- Stefan visits his father to say good-bye. He does not want to complete transition. But Giuseppe does not understand, and thinking his son is already a vampire tries to kill him. He is hurt in the process, and Stefan is not able to resist the bloodlust, and drinks his father's blood, thus completing his transition.
- At the end of the day, Stefan convinces Damon to drink blood, becoming himself a vampire, and after this Damon swears an eternity of misery to his brother.
Shortly afterEdit
- Stefan kills Thomas and Honoria Fell, also Johnathan Gilbert.
- Because of his magic ring, Johnathan Gilbert returns to life, and writes on his journal that he identified the killer as Stefan.
- Johnathan Gilbert keeps researching vampires.
- In one of this journals he lists the ways to kill an original. "The wood from one tree and one tree alone, an ancient white oak would bring death to an Original vampire.
- When the tree burned, all hope was thought lost...But the ash from the tree was saved and witches forged a dagger to which the ash could be bonded. This alchemic bond provides the necessary poison.
- It must be brandished by humans alone, for it will bring death to all demons who wield it."
1 of 64Add photo
- According to Vanessa Monroe, she tracked Katherine coming to Mystic Falls in early April, but in the timeline it says she arrived in September. She may have arrived in Mystic Falls in April, but didn't go to live with the Salvatores until September.
- According to Giuseppe Salvatore's grave, it says that he died in January 1864, but according to this it was in the late 1864.


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Debbie Tinsley (center) and her husband Larry (left), of Glasgow, Ky., picked up the keys to her new 2013 Chevrolet Camaro 1SS Coupe from Kentucky State Police Commissioner Rodney Brewer (right) at KSP headquarters in Frankfort on Sept. 30. Tinsley bought a $10 ticket for the 2013 Trooper Island raffle and her name was picked at a drawing held on Aug. 25 at the Kentucky State Fair. The raffle is the major fundraising event for Trooper Island, a free summer camp for underprivileged boys and girls age 10-12 operated by the Kentucky State Police on Dale Hollow Lake in Clinton County.
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KSP Detective Miller Graduates Criminalistics Academy
(Hickory, Ky.) - On Friday, October 11, 2013, Kentucky State Police Detective Brett Miller, of the Mayfield Post, graduated from the Kentucky Criminalistics Academy (KCA) in Richmond. KCA is made up of two five-week, 200-hour courses that instructors developed for full-time and newly appointed crime scene investigators and patrol officers who serve as Crime Scene Investigators for their agencies.
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2013 Cunningham Fishing Tournament to Support Trooper Island
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KSP Celebrates 65th Anniversary with YouTube© Video Release
(FRANKFORT, KY.) -- The Kentucky State Police (KSP) released the latest episode of 'KSP TV' today. The video is part two of a three-part trilogy highlighting the agency's rich history. KSP TV consists of short films in documentary style format that highlight the inner workings of the agency, giving the public an opportunity for a unique look inside of the agency.
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