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Is "vision" just a buzzword in city planning?
"Make no little plans; they have no magic to stir men's blood…Make big plans; aim high in hope and work."
- Daniel Burnham, architect and urban designer
What, if anything, did Burnham's famous advice have to do with vision?
Is vision simply something that accrues to a plan because it is more ambitious?
Robert Shipley, a professor in the School of Planning at the University of Waterloo, has written a series of articles questioning the meaning of "vision" as it is used in planning. He finds that though the word is bandied about as if everyone knew what it meant, there is actually little real consensus about it. In an article co-authored with Russ Newkirk, he found as many as twenty different meanings applied to "vision" in a review of planning-related texts.
Shipley traces how our concept of vision and our relationship to the future has changed at different points throughout history. In the time of prophets and oracles, vision had something to do with divining an unknown and unalterable destiny. "Much like many modern visioning exercises," he writes drily, "the garbled words of the priestesses had to be interpreted by priests who were the reigning experts of their day."
from: thechatterjis.wordpress.com
Belief in progress, science, and technology led to forecasting and mathematical extrapolation of current trends. Shipley cites psychologist A. H. Maslow as being hugely influential over the past century with his concept of self-actualization. Envisioning a goal as part of the process to make it a reality affected management theory, sports, health-related fields, and eventually also crept into planning practice.
Then there is the popular technique of "backcasting" – speculating about a future state and recreating the steps needed to arrive there as if they had already happened. Shipley suggests a link to a trend in fiction that started in 1888 with Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward, a story that told the future as if it were history.
Do these more recent meanings suggest that "vision" is little more than a buzzword for a plan?
Wendy Sarkissian, an Australian planner and academic, thinks this is all too often the case. She argues that with a vision, "the aim is to go deep, to reach a depth of understanding of what is going on…And with depth, which is about storytelling, imagination, and creativity, you don't go quickly to conclusions." To many planners, this might seem too abstract to be practical, but perhaps this reflects a blind spot in planning practice and public consultation.
from: stolpinart.com
Otto Scharmer, an MIT lecturer and founder of the Presencing Institute, suggests that as well as learning from the past, we can learn by paying close attention to the future as it emerges from the present. This too might seem abstract, but consider: how do you know whether a development proposal should respect the existing character of a neighbourhood or be allowed to set a new precedent? Even such a humdrum decision surely relies on intuition of some sort.
Imagination, personal values, openness to change, and a connection to place may be difficult to make part of planning processes, but they are undoubtedly important when we dream of possible futures. And…perhaps "vision" is as closely related to a dream as it is to a plan.
Upper Toronto is not a plan. But maybe it can be a vision.
Ideal Cities, Instant Cities
"Many people dream of a better world; Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier each went a step further and planned one…"
- Robert Fishman, Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century
Imagining the ideal society that resolves today's complex problems is not a new game, as readers of Plato's Republic can attest. Thomas More's Utopia in the sixteenth century gave us our current shorthand for a socially and politically perfect community, but "utopia" also retains an association with speculative fiction, stemming from its original meaning: nowhere.
Regardless, utopian plans have had a significant effect on real cities.
As Robert Fishman details in his book Urban Utopias, when Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier created their ideal city plans, they rejected a piecemeal approach to improving cities, each believing that a total rethink was necessary. They saw the fast growing cities of their time as dirty, congested, and chaotic, and planned their respective ideal cities as healthy and beautiful places that would bring their inhabitants into a harmonious balance with nature.
Howard's Garden City plan led to the founding of Letchworth and Welwyn in England, places that model his ideas to this day. His continuing broader influence can be seen in today's greenbelts and in aspects of the New Urbanism movement. Le Corbusier's Radiant City influenced modernist apartment blocks around the world, as well as the master plans for cities such as Brasilia and Chandigarh. Wright's Broadacre City, for its part, tends to be associated with the spread of American suburbia, but it is notable that Wright's plans did include, among other things, schools and small-scale factories: a complete community, in other words.
Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities (wikimedia commons)
Le Corbusier's Radiant City (morrischia.com)
Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City (beloose.com)
It is interesting to compare these grand visions with the "instant cities" springing up around the world today, places like Shenzhen in China, Sejong in South Korea, or Putrajaya and Cyberjaya in Malaysia. What issues frame the guiding principles for cities like these?
Increasing environmental pressures have led to a number of "eco-city" plans such as Songdo (South Korea), Tianjin Eco-City (China), and Masdar City (UAE). These experiments are piloting "smart city" infrastructure, better building standards, resource use, and waste management, and in the case of Masdar City, trying to achieve something close to carbon neutrality.
Masdar City, United Arab Emirates (wikimedia commons)
In China, a number of people larger than the entire U.S. population will move from the country to the city within the next 15 years. These kinds of demographic changes mean that successful elements or entire instant city templates may be replicated, as building viable new cities at exceptional speed is seen as a necessity. Companies like Gale International and Cisco (in the case of Songdo) hope to profit by providing the backbone expertise needed to build these "smart" new instant cities.
Songdo, South Korea (wikimedia commons)
While environmental and population pressures are key drivers of new instant city plans – concerns that were shared by Howard, Wright, and Le Corbusier in their day – another fundamental imperative is the effort to attract global capital.
Shenzhen developed as an export powerhouse with China's designation of Special Economic Zones in the early 1980s. Many comparable cities have tried to emulate the success of Singapore and Hong Kong as leading centers of shipping and commerce. Dubai's explosive growth is closely linked to its efforts to become a regional hub for transportation and banking. The proposed "8-City" of South Korea aims to compete with Dubai and Macau as a city of leisure, with luxury hotels, casinos, convention centres, destination shopping, and theme parks.
Yet, thinking of 8-City in particular, planning a banquet of consumption for the wealthy seems a far cry from the utopian city plans of the past. Can there be too much emphasis on luring capital?
Take Dubai. To facilitate investment, Dubai has grown a strange amalgam of competing legal jurisdictions: its laws, enforcement, accepted currency, and official language all depend on whether you are in the Dubai International Financial Centre, Internet City, the hotels, or the squalid worker camps. While expat technocrats benefit from tax-free salaries, foreign workers who actually build the city have no right to a minimum wage or collective bargaining. With the idea of "charter cities", Honduras is attempting to create economic development zones that may take these types of divisions even further. Unlike in Dubai, where Daniel Brook reports there is $1.5M in oil wealth per Emirati citizen and Emiratis are favoured by special rules, the Honduras charter cities threaten to widen the gulf in standards and rights between the local population and foreign capital. Surely these are not the type of cities we wish to emulate.
Returning to Howard, Wright, and Le Corbusier, what is now best known of their plans is their urban form and architecture, but each actually expressed far greater ambitions. These were meticulously planned alternative societies, politically and economically organized according to their respective author's deepest beliefs. Even a passing glance at their idiosyncratic plans reveals stark, fundamental differences. Their wide divergence shows how dramatically plans are shaped by their foundational principles.
Howard's Garden City expressed his belief in cooperative socialism and the better natures of people. Le Corbusier's Radiant City saw harmony in a syndicalist combination of authoritarianism and libertarianism. Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City was a dispersed anti-urban community based on Jeffersonian individualism.
Indisputably, each of these visions had its problems, and their influence has not all been positive. But this prompts a central question underlying the Upper Toronto project.
What are the deepest values expressed by the Toronto of the present? And what do we think they should be?
What would Toronto look like in 75 years based on the vision that most deeply motivates us?
Toronto In The Asian Century: 2088
Once the world looked to the United States to glimpse the world's sleekest and most modern cities. But as Dustin Roasa wrote recently in Foreign Policy, "the city of the future has picked up and moved to China". Roasa details a range of advances that are occurring in Chinese cities, from new modular construction techniques that drastically reduce construction waste, to fleets of electric taxis, to new technologies for the transformation of garbage into fertilizer.
When the McKinsey Global Institute recently created a ranking system to predict the 75 most dynamic cities worldwide in 2025, it determined that 29 of them would be Chinese – and except for three or four such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Hong Kong, most of them are cities that the majority of Canadians would know nothing about today. Shanghai, which had no skyscrapers in 1980, now has more than twice as many as New York. Celebrity architect Rem Koolhaas, whose firm chose to build Beijing's CCTV building instead of bidding for the Ground Zero contract in New York, told Der Spiegel in an interview: "There is more willingness to experiment in China." Even Vice President Joe Biden was reported in a recent speech to have made unflattering comparisons between U.S. cities and their glittering counterparts in the Middle Kingdom.
CCTV Building, Beijing
Credit: parisworkingforart.wordpress.com
Of course, there is a dark side to such immense transformations. While China is the world's largest investor in green energy, it is also its worst polluter (a distinction also due to China acting as factory floor of the world). Development has tended toward superblocks and car-dependent gated communities. The willingness to experiment celebrated by Koolhaas comes at the expense of history and existing residents in locations slated for redevelopment, a phenomenon vividly epitomized by "stubborn nail" houses and copycat architecture. Since municipalities generally don't charge property taxes and real estate development is so important to local municipal revenues, worries have been accumulating about the effects of overbuilding.
Pudong skyline, Shanghai
Credit: www.panoramio.com
Regardless of how you look at the breakneck development of Chinese cities, it is clear that much of the most vital urbanism of the twenty first century will not come from the West.
There are already many examples. Take South Korea, which has led the world for the past three years in internet connectivity, according to the UN. Facilitated by this exceptional infrastructure, Seoul has become one of the first cities to adopt an official comprehensive plan to boost its "sharing economy", a sector epitomized in Toronto by such companies as Bixi, AutoShare, and AirBnB. Meanwhile, Seoul's Incheon International Airport is ranked number one internationally based on the world's largest annual survey. (The only North American airport to crack the top 10 is Vancouver's.)
Seoul, South Korea
Credit: wikimedia commons
The fact is that while the influence of Western models remains strong, many cities in Asia and elsewhere are inventing new approaches and drawing from each other rather than the West, as exemplified by the popularity of the "Singapore model". On the other side of the world in Brazil, cities such as Curitiba and Porto Alegre have inspired many international admirers with, respectively, their integrated public transport system and participatory municipal budgets. Bogota, Colombia and Ahmedabad, India have improved on the original Curitiba Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) model and also included many improvements for cyclists and pedestrians.
Bus Rapid Transit, Curitiba, Brazil
Credit: Hans-Rudolf Stoll, www.flickr.com
…So what does this mean for Upper Toronto and imagining the Toronto of 75 years in the future?
To put things in perspective, 75 years in the past, North America was still in the throes of the Great Depression, and the highways and mass-produced suburbs that now define North American cities had yet to be built. The world's most famous skyline was Manhattan's, the original home of the skyscraper.
The question, as we move deeper into "the Asian century", is what the teeming, muscular cities of China and elsewhere can tell us about our own urban future? How will their influence be felt in the Toronto of 2088?
About us…
Upper Toronto is science fiction design proposal to build a new city in the sky above Toronto.
Imagine a city resting on the Bay Street towers or the CN Tower as a walk-in restaurant.
Once Upper Toronto is finished, Lower Toronto will be abandoned and turned into a combination of national park, farmland and intentional ruin.
This is, of course, a terrible idea.
But it's a terrible idea that allows us to imagine a new city. To ask what would happen if, knowing what we now know, we could start fresh.
email inbox at uppertoronto to get involved
Report from the Field: Upper Toronto's Designs on Scenarios
Toronto's city builders have a hard enough time trying to figure out transit, mid-rise condos and Toronto's east waterfront. Everyone has an opinion, public budgets are stretched thin, and emotions run high. How much more difficult if you're going to imagine Toronto 75 years from now?
In fact, playing with future scenarios is a fun, cool way to approach design. Recently, I gathered with groups of urban enthusiasts - designers, public leaders, educators, architects, students, and business people - to do just that, and plan a neighbourhood in Upper Toronto that fit a specific "world" scenario.
Call for Participants - Scenario planning with Upper Toronto
Call for Participants
Scenario planning with Upper Toronto
DEADLINE: May 21
June 4-22, 2012
We are assembling teams to create scenarios
for a city in the sky (75 years from now.)
We are looking for people willing to meet with us for three weekly three-hour sessions of scenario planning. (We're planning a variety of options to suit a variety of timetables. See below.)
After running a series of one-off community consultations, we have decided to enhance our investigations by inviting small teams of experts and enthusiasts to think about the future of Upper Toronto in a more dedicated way. We want to start going deeper into the future possibilities of a new city in the sky.
Scenario design is used by planners, designers, organizations and governments. Groups are given sets of "given circumstances" – technological, environmental, social etc. – and sets of values and contexts. With these, they are asked to brainstorm flexible but specific scenarios. Over the course of the process, new circumstances, often unexpected but entirely possible, are added. Teams must work out how best to respond to them.
We will be using scenario design to focus our thinking. The goal is to develop scenarios which lay out possible conditions and constructions of Upper Toronto. These scenarios will serve to push the boundaries of what seems possible and to ensure that we imagine a tomorrow that is more likely than "basically the same as yesterday".
Over the three sessions, your team will generate an overall look and feel for a district in the imagined city of Upper Toronto, along with policies and proposals for how the area should be constructed and run.
Once that's all done, we'll take your work and hand it off to artists who will bring that vision to life.
The type of person you might be for this to appeal to you:
Structural engineer, front line city staff, science fiction writer, civic activist, illustrator, former Mayor, teachers, game designer, students, architects, City Councillors, futurists, curious person, historians…
If you are interested but you don't see yourself on this list, please get in touch. You are probably the best judge—we just want to be clear that we're looking for people with different backgrounds and interests.
Participants will receive a token honorarium to cover expenses of attending.
Please email firstname.lastname@example.com if you have any queries.
How to Apply:
Please send an email firstname.lastname@example.com before May 21 with the following information:
Your Name:
Your Email Address:
A phone # where we can reach you:
The best times to call:
A 100 word biography that includes some background and current interests.
300 words on what most interests you about scenario planning for Upper Toronto.
You first and second choice for a meeting time.
2 references.
Meeting Times:
Please select a first and a second choice for the following times for the regular meetings. Note that you must be able to attend ALL THREE meetings.
- Tuesday evenings 6:30-9:30 : June 5, 12, 19
- Wednesday afternoons 1:30-4:30 : June 6, 13, 20
- Thursday evenings 6:30-9:30 : June 7, 14, 21
- Sunday afternoons 1:30-4:30 : June 10, 17, 24
Images by Brett Lamb & Rachel Kahn, respectively.
-Jane Jacobs, the Death and Life of Great American Cities
Personal things have suddenly picked up for the Upper Toronto team, so things might be a bit quiet around here for a while. So quiet that our Jacobs series may have to come to a close with this quote from the thinker herself—a humbling moment in which she acknowledges some big limitations to all 448 pages of her argument.
Representing Toronto - tonight
Talking about Upper Toronto, artists, cities and science fiction imagination tonight.
Monday, April 2, 2012 | Artist-led Tour 6 PM | Panel 7 PM | FREE
80 Spadina Ave., Suite 503
Presented in association with the Koffler Gallery Off-Site exhibition,Flavio Trevisan: Museum of the Represented City
How does a city form its character and unique personality? To become a livable reality, a city needs to be imagined and grow as a representation in the minds of its inhabitants. Beyond the buildings, the roads, and the landmarks, artists have a critical role in shaping the idea and identity of the city. Through their artistic practice they indirectly give form to the real physical and cultural landscape.
This panel discussion among creative urban thinkers and civically-minded creators examines the essential role of art in the city's continuous evolution. Moderated by journalist/author John Lorinc (Spacing, The Globe and Mail, The Walrus, Atlantic Cities) and featuring Amy Lavender Harris (author of Imagining Toronto), Jacob Zimmer (Director/Performer/Collaborator at Small Wooden Shoe theatre company), and artist Flavio Trevisan.
Death and Life: infrastructural obstacles
Every week until the end of April, we will be blogging along with the City-Builders Book Club through Jane Jacobs' 1961 The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Feel free to read along and join the conversation as we consider how Jacobs' observations might hold up 75 years from now.
A forbidden crossing along Montreal's train tracks.
Perhaps one of the more universally-applicable topics covered in Death and Life is the inevitability of borders and other geographic obstacles in cities. Interestingly, she speaks specifically of features of native physical geography or cumbersome infrastructure rather than arbitrary and invisible political boundaries. She is also quick to rule out a common assumption that her prescriptions are based on a value judgment:
A big city needs universities, large medical centers, large parks containing metropolitan attractions. A city needs railroads; it can use waterfronts for economic advantage and for amenity; it needs some expressways… They are mixed blessings.
Stephen Dale, in turn, is quick to point out that Jacobs doesn't differentiate between the scale and geometry of such decidedly divisive features as waterfronts:
Trouble is, not all city-bearing water is the same. There are waterfront cities (those on lakes, seas and oceans), there are riverfront cities (those on rivers), and there are hybrids.
However, what she does touch upon is the idea of making otherwise ugly and low-brow borders into areas of attraction, if not prestige. Because the border zones which she mentions - then-freshly-deindustrialized areas along railroads, for instance - existed to a great extent only in her moment in time, her suggestions have only aged well in that there is still room for improvement. Either sides of the tracks running between Toronto's Dufferin and Strachan roughly along King, for instance, contain growing neighbourhoods of upper-middle class yuppies, with a healthy and regular flow of pedestrian traffic penetrating the border. Looking at the Parc Ex and Outremont neighbourhoods on either side of the tracks in Montreal, however, shows that a variety of factors complicate Jacobs' observation: the Liberty Village and King West neighbourhoods in Toronto were able to develop equally due to their equal proximity to the waterfront and to downtown, while Montreal's Parc Ex and Outremont lie in the shadow of the mountain that cleaves the city from the centre, creating a sort of donut urbanism that causes all sorts of feelings of disconnectedness as well as roundabout transit routes.
To get out of this fix, says Jacobs, borders should be designed as "spots of intense an magnetic border activity." This is interesting on a number of levels: first, it requires an active consideration of an architectural feature that typically occurs as a side effect of the planning and design of a given site, or as a leftover feature that has outlived its historic use. Second, Jacobs suggests that the everyday backdoor activity linked to these borders be rendered spectacular. This is an interesting shift away from the picturesque streetscape often associated with her mixed-use dreams. Design of such spaces can speak more to McLuhan's idea of the city as a pedagogical mechanism that engages us in conversation by making visible the invisible and making the familiar strange. Listing the example of passers-by stopping and dwelling along the docks of an old port when the workers go about their business on their ships, Jacobs notes: "This is not pretty-pretty, but it is an event greatly enjoyed on the dock."
What if borders - political, natural, and infrastructural- were made explicit and taken advantage of through playful landscaping, forcing citizens to think about how the space acts as a link, a suture, and a passageway between decidedly separate zones?
Image credit: Sasha Plotnikova.
Death and Life: "Diversity" vs. Zoning
Every week until the end of April, we will be blogging along with the City-Builders Book Club through Jane Jacobs' 1961 The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Feel free to read along and join the conversation as we consider how Jacobs' observations might hold up 75 years from now.
Nova-Heliopolis II by Dionisio Gonzalez, 2006.
Chapters 12 and 13 of The Death and life of Great American Cities conspire to expose the pitfalls of zoning—specifically, to point towards regulations as the primary prohibitors of diversity. This would be a good time to pick apart what Jacobs might mean when she uses "diversity" as a bit of a buzzword throughout her book. By this - interestingly and often problematically - she implies some sort of equilibrium between a diverse demographic of residents within a built environment; a flexibility of use in said environment; and an aesthetic variation in architectural style, size, age, and level of economic investment. Of course, she is able to blend all of these factors because they are inherently intertwined, but this kind of thinking can be very limiting. Jacobs was a great lover of mixing; a well-proportioned distribution of inhabitants and building types leads to an always lively, visually and culturally stimulating neighbourhood that fulfills many land use functions, according to her. Zoning, however, "permits monotony" and ignores "scale of use." But what drives a need for zoning? How do we beat the convenience of allocating certain districts to certain segments of our daily lives? How might Jacobs' envisioned mixed-use neighbourhood become the status quo? Most importantly, can there be a zoning model that revolves around the organically-evolving needs of a neighbourhood, taking into equal consideration the family that owns the laundromat on the corner and the wealthy fashion student looking to invest in a comfortable home?
Mary Rowe brings up the contemporary example of the rapidfire construction of nearly identical glass tower condominiums in major North American cities, where market demands drive out the same old building stock and residents that might lay the foundation for the very diverse neighbourhood Jacobs dreamed of. Rowe's post brings up an interesting point: while Jacobs vilifies land use regulations, economic development is actually what propels land use regulations to favour the kind of development that is antithetical to Jacobsian urbanism.
Death and Life: Life in Complete Environments
Every week until the end of April, we will be blogging along with the City-Builders Book Club through Jane Jacobs' 1961 The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Feel free to read along and join the conversation as we consider how Jacobs' observations might hold up 75 years from now.
Rendering for what Jacobs would term a "complete environment" in New Songdo City, South Korea: a built environment developed in one shot.
Last week's chapter on the need for aged buildings really hit home for Upper Toronto. Jacobs, forever advocating for demographic diversity through diversity in building stock, argues that instant neighbourhoods -nevermind entire instant cities- that are built up all at once, are cursed to a short life of vacant soullessness. She describes this sudden build-up as a handicap: an entire neighbourhood of buildings of the same age group permits little organic change, and without these varied rates of decay and renewal, there is no diversity in use or aesthetic, argues Jacobs. Her concerns here, as far as economic factors go, are valid and will be valid so long as we remain within a capitalist economy. Generally, as buildings age, their market value declines and they become more financially accessible to lower income brackets than those who can afford to pay the high rents that accompany newly-constructed buildings. However, the cosmetic concerns for a diverse demographic of building stock can prove to promote just the kind of nostalgic preservationism that in turn prevents more affordable, sustainable, and technologically sound building stock to develop where there is demand for it.
So, we cannot entirely dismiss the possibility for the success of a completely new built environment, but we must consider who will pay the price of development, and, more interestingly, how a real estate market might develop out of thin air. Without an architectural history, how might a city assign values to its buildings?
One way to move things in the right direction would be to work within a participatory framework from the very beginning to the very end of the planning and design process. If citizens take part in shaping their environment from conception, a new level of engagement - beyond the "street life" of which Jacobs speaks- might arise—one founded in the deep-seated responsibility we feel for our own children, and one which so rarely applies to our relationship to our environment, built or natural.
Death and Life: A temporal take on streetscapes
Every Saturday until the end of April, we will be blogging along with the City-Builders Book Club through Jane Jacobs' 1961 The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Feel free to read along and join the conversation as we consider how Jacobs' observations might hold up 75 years from now.
Piet Mondrian's rendition of life pulsing through the streets of New York in Broadway Boogie-Woogie, 1942-43.
There is one especially pertinent perspective revealed in Jacobs' eighth chapter, devoted to promoting mixed primary uses. This is the point in the book when the city ceases to hold still as a tableau, or, at best, as a short series of tableaus illustrating the days and nights of a streetscape. Suddenly, the city — articulated as a web of sidewalks, streets, and public spaces — looks toward time as its primary dimension and traffic flows as its constant. People are recognized as variables, opening the idea of "neighbourhood" to far more than a place for residents to dwell.The built environment is a series of avenues and containers to facilitate movement and usage, and it's arguably this animacy rather than the physicality that makes up the city itself.
Stephen Dale opens his post with a fitting image this week: a digital time-lapse photo-collage of downtown Toronto taken from above Bay and Dundas. In typical Jacobs fashion, her examination of the usage of the built environment takes place at the most human level, fixating on one block at a time. At the block level, flows of traffic occur throughout the day more so than through the city. The point made is that upon examining a block, traffic patterns should emerge before the user, illuminating the true character of the street, allowing it to come alive and play host to a cast of daily characters. For the sake of safety, successful usage, and sustainability, the street should serve different purposes at different points in the day, responding to and feeding the demands of a demographic that fluctuates as each day plays out.
Approaching the planning process through this lens offers a wealth of interesting applications, from the night-time economy and the growing culture of 24-hour cities, to provoking a re-examination of our material fixations when it comes to the architecture of our cities. Rather than striving to envision an architectural model of new environments, we should contemplate how events might take place within them, and how these new surroundings might lend themselves to transience and accommodate a need for adaptability.
Buckminster Fuller - Everything I Know
During the last two weeks of January 1975 Buckminster Fuller gave an extraordinary series of lectures concerning his entire life's work. These thinking out loud lectures span 42 hours and examine in depth all of Fuller's major inventions and discoveries from the 1927 Dymaxion house, car and bathroom, through the Wichita House, geodesic domes, and tensegrity structures, as well as the contents of Synergetics.
Permeating the entire series is his unique comprehensive design approach to solving the problems of the world. Some of the topics Fuller covered in this wide ranging discourse include: architecture, design, philosophy, education, mathematics, geometry, cartography, economics, history, structure, industry, housing and engineering.
Death and Life: The perilous state of the neighbourhood in the 21st century
Every Saturday until the end of April, we will be blogging along with the City-Builders Book Club through Jane Jacobs' 1961 The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Feel free to read along and join the conversation as we consider how Jacobs' observations might hold up 75 years from now.
A neighbourhood rises in Dubai's World Islands. Image courtesy of Google, 2012.
This week, the CBBC read the Jacobs chapters on what she calls "neighbourhood use" and "the generators of diversity." I'll only talk about the former here, as it seems to be the more relevant chapter in regards to our project. In it, Jacobs interrogates the notion of a "neighbourhood" in city planning, and blames rural nostalgia for our desire for these tightly-knit archaic units. However, rather than dismissing the value of community at the street level, she critiques the way cities get divided into these planned neighbourhoods. The underlying thought here is that these planned communities essentially dictate the way we live, whereas the built form of a neighbourhood should take shape in response to a community that settles there.
Jacobs cites urban planner Reginald Isaacs, who pointed out that the appeal of cities is their ability to satisfy the idiosyncratic needs of individuals, and their capacity to feed our niche interests. A city is a large and dense expanse of services, environments, and lifestyles. These components cluster together in units we call neighbourhoods, loosely defined by their socioeconomic makeup, their cultural history, and their aesthetic landscape. Typically, the more obscure our needs in these categories, the further we will travel to fulfill our cultural needs and to lead a rewarding professional life.
Neighbourhood cohesion, according to Jacobs, only comes about through highly localized social networks. In other words, these loose conglomerations of lifestyles, services, and environments achieve a sense of unity when the people who inhabit them begin to comingle and forge strong relationships within the physical bounds of the established community.
I would argue that these ideas are largely irrelevant from now onwards. More loosely-defined, and more dependent on the success of their small businesses and attractions than residential street life, neighbourhoods have come to mean something different. Now our networks are more expansive and accessible by means other than face-to-face interaction, and one may argue that we each have a deeply personalized and despatialized notion of our neighbourhood in the city. Isaacs points towards the immaculate ability of a city to breed scores of subcultures—similarly, given ample mobility, we can bend the city into catering to our specialized needs and refined tastes. Our personal assemblages of favourite places come together in expansive mental maps that stretch beyond conventional neighbourhood boundaries. The individualized mental neighbourhoods trace the city-wide webs upon which the homes of our friends scatter; where we went to school; where we work; and other places of significance, big or small.
However, these destinations are still strongly linked to nostalgia. In looking for a pleasant place to frequent in the city, we look at the housing stock: is it aesthetically pleasing (Victorian)? Or "cold" and still developing in character (post-1980)? Are the trees mature, or are the streets still lacking in lush greenery? If these hunches are right and the idea of "neighbourhood" is becoming more destination-oriented, how do we design neighbourhoods from scratch, evading our nostalgic instincts while allowing the built form to adapt organically to its community?
As I mentioned, this is a problem for Jacobs' idea that "localized self-government" is the ultimate task of a successful neighbourhood — eyes on the street require trust and camaraderie, which are often hard to establish at the neighbourhod level amongst busy urban populations, as evidenced by tales from the newly-established community at CityPlace. Worth noting is that these things take time: Jacobs points out that not only does a neighbourhood need to be cohesive, but its initial residents need to make it their long-term home. Only a while after the initial settlement will neighbours begin to feel like neighbours.
Perhaps the valuable lesson in this chapter is the social cohesion of the city as a whole. In the latter half of the chapter, Jacobs steps back from the neighbourhood and talks about the district—an abstract division used widely in planning, primarily to serve the purpose of an efficient municipal governance. The district is meant to mediate between the neighbourhood and the city, but often has an alienating effect on communities. For neighbours to feel engaged, mobilized, and empowered, there needs to be a decrease in the level of abstraction between decision-making and the built environment. This does not mean we have to return to the small-town-nostalgic neighbourhood Jacobs subtly mocked; rather, we need to fine-tune our conception of municipal political geography to the impalpable and individualized way we remain mobile in our cities.


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Robert James Adams, 58 of Churubusco died at 11:20 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 11, 2010 at Parkview Main Hospital in Fort Wayne.
Born in California, he was a son of John and Connie Adams.
Survivors include his wife, Carol (Sharp) Adams; a son, Jarrod Adams; a daughter, Aryan Young and a brother, Richard Adams.
A memorial service will be held from 1 to 3 p.m. Dec. 26 at 113 W. North Park Drive in Columbia City.
Dr. William Leroy Walker, 78, of Winona Lake, passed away Tuesday, Dec. 14, 2010 at 10:17 p.m. at his residence in Grace Village Retirement Community, Winona Lake.
He was born Jan. 4, 1932 in Flagler, Colo. to Roy Fred Walker and Jeanette (Teter) Walker. On June 27, 1954 he was married to Donna Jean Troyer, who survives.
Alma A. Snyder, 95, of Winona Lake, died at 1:18 p.m. Friday, Dec. 17, 2010 at Kosciusko Community Hos-pital in Warsaw.
She was born Aug. 7, 1915 in Ash Hill, Mo. a daughter of James M. and Manda B. (Wells) Simpson. She completed her education in Fisk, Mo.
On Aug. 1, 1936 she was united in marriage to George W. Snyder. They made their home in Pontiac, Mich. before moving to Columbia City in 1945. In 1981 they returned to Missouri. Mr. Snyder died Aug. 5, 1984. In 1987 Alma moved to Warsaw.
Ralph E. Ervin, 61, of rural Columbia City, died at 1:30 a.m. Sunday, Dec. 19, 2010 at Visiting Nurse and Hospice Home, Fort Wayne.
He was born March 23, 1949 in Huntington, a son of Thomas W. and Barbara Rosetta (Garrison) Ervin. He was married to Joann Cavicchioni who preceded him in death.
He is survived by a son, James Ervin; a sister, Linda Webber and a brother William Ervin.
The funeral service will be held 12:30 p.m. Wednesday at Smith & Sons Funeral Home, Columbia City, with visitation from 10:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Burial will be in Greenhill Cemetery.
Josephine C. Ostermeyer, 94, formerly of Loon Lake, died at 7:15 p.m. Friday, Dec. 17, 2010 at Miller's Merry Manor where she was admitted Nov. 26.
She was born June 4, 1916 in Fort Wayne, a daughter of Joseph and Carrie (Harmon) Laisure. Her formative years were spent in Fort Wayne. She graduated from South Side High School.
On Sept. 25, 1938 she was united in marriage to Frederick H. Ostermeyer. They made their home in Fort Wayne until 1950 when they moved to Loon Lake. Mr. Ostermeyer died Oct. 24, 2003.
She worked at Columbia City Utilities for numerous years.
Anna Margaret Swihart, 94, of Columbia City, passed away at 7:50 a.m. Saturday, Dec. 19, 2010, at Miller's Merry Manor, Columbia City.
Born on April 15, 1916 in Elgin, Ill. she was a daughter of Peter H. and Phoebe Helen (Farney) Bahr. She married Ralph Jacob Swihart.
Survivors include two daughters, Nancy Davis and Eleanore Bodenhamer; a son, Leroy Swihart; and brother, Dr. Robert Bahr.
Bernice L. Sheets, 84, of Columbia City, died at 9:24 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 18, 2010 at Parkview Whitley Hospital where she was admitted Dec. 11.
She was born Jan. 1, 1926 in Seymour, a daughter of Louis William Henry and Martha Lisetta Elisa (Petering) Terkhorn. She graduated from Seymour High School and received her degree in nursing from Lutheran School of Nursing in 1947.
On Sept. 27, 1947 she was united in marriage to Harold E. "Gene" Sheets. They made their home in Columbia City. Mr. Sheets died Nov. 29, 2006.
Sinia Faye Hatcher of Leesburg passed away at 7:10 a.m. Wednesday, Dec. 15, 2010 at Grace Village Health Care, Winona Lake, at the age of 78.
She was born Dec. 27, 1931 in Viper, Ky. to Henry Adams and Pattie (Cody) Adams.
Survivors include her husband, Clarence Hatcher; four daughters, Jean E. Sturgill, Jacqueline VanScoik, Kathleen Kilbourne and Vicki Holle; six sons, Darrell Hatcher, Larry Hatcher, James Hatcher, Rick Hatcher, Nick Hatcher and Steven Timothy Hatcher; and one sister, Ellon "Johnny" Fugate.
Joan S. Shropshire, 86, passed away Dec. 10, 2010.
She was born Feb. 5, 1924 in Columbia City, to the late Edgar and Mary Strouse. A graduate of Stephens College, she moved to Indianapolis in 1954.
Joan was employed in administration and retail sales, was a member of Women's Architectural League of Indianapolis and Tri Kappa, and performed volunteer work for the American Red Cross.
Her greatest joys were her family, her animals, golf and IU basketball.
Joan is survived by her daughters, Anne Shropshire and Linda (Dan) Ennis, and grandchildren, Kristin and Kyle Ennis.
Eugene Deck, 57
July 18, 1953 — Dec. 11, 2010
Eugene Lyle Deck, age 57, of Rome City, died Saturday, Dec. 11, 2010 at 8:10 a.m.
Born on July 18, 1953 in Wolf Lake, he was the son of Ralph and Vada I. (Smeltzer) Deck.

subset: commoncrawl


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LonelySuggestions: Lone Double click on any word to get a popup explanation of the word and sample sentences Dictionary | Wikipedia | Synonyms | Quotation | News
Lonely Meaning and Definition in Dictionary
Lonely Meaning and Definition from WordNet (r) 2.0
Would you like to add your own explaination to this word 'Lonely'?
- lonely
- lacking companions or companionship; "he was alone when we met him"; "she is alone much of the time"; "the lone skier on the mountain"; "a lonely fisherman stood on a tuft of gravel"; "a lonely soul"; "a solitary traveler" [syn: alone(p), lone(a), lonely(a), solitary]
- marked by dejection from being alone; "felt sad and lonely"; "the loneliest night of the week"; "lonesome when her husband is away"; "spent a lonesome hour in the bar" [syn: lonesome]
- separated from or unfrequented by others; remote or secluded; "a lonely crossroads"; "a solitary retreat"; "a trail leading to an unfrequented lake" [syn: lonely(a), solitary, unfrequented]
- enjoyed or performed alone; "a lonely existence"; "his lonely room"; "took a solitary walk"; "enjoyed her solitary dinner"; "solitary pursuits such as reading" [syn: lonely(a), solitary] [also: loneliest, lonelier]
- Lonely \Lone"ly\, a. [Compar. Lonelier; superl. Loneliest.]
[Shortened fr. alonely.]
- Sequestered from company or neighbors; solitary; retired; as, a lonely situation; a lonely cell.
- Alone, or in want of company; forsaken. To the misled and lonely traveler. --Milton.
- Not frequented by human beings; as, a lonely wood.
- Having a feeling of depression or sadness resulting from the consciousness of being alone; lonesome. I am very often alone. I don't mean I am lonely. --H. James. Syn: Solitary; lone; lonesome; retired; unfrequented; sequestered; secluded.
Would you like to add your own explaination to this word 'Lonely'?
Wikipedia Meaning and Definition on 'Lonely'
- Lonely: Loneliness , the state of "feeling lonely," describes a human state or feeling involving isolation, or the feeling of disconnection with ...
- Lonely (Akon song): "Lonely" (also known as "Mr. Lonely") is a single by Senegalese-American singer Akon , it appears on his debut album, Trouble . ...
- Lonely (Shannon Noll song): "Lonely" was the fourth single from Shannon Noll 's second album Lift . Co-written by Noll, the single was released on August 26, 2006 ...
- Lonely (Praga Khan song): "Lonely" is a song written and recorded by Belgian acid house musician Praga Khan It was featured on Twenty First Century Skin . ...
- Lonely (Medina song): "Lonely" is a song by Danish electropop singer Medina from her international debut album Welcome to Medina . It was released as album's ...
- Lonely (Sharon Sheeley song): "Lonely" is a song written by Sharon Sheeley and recorded by Eddie Cochran . It was recorded in May 1958 and released posthumously as a ...
- Lonely (2NE1 song): "Lonely" is a digital single from South Korea n girl group 2NE1 , taken from their upcoming mini-album due to be released on July 21, 2011 ...
- Lonely (Merril Bainbridge song): "Lonely" is a pop song written by Merril Bainbridge and Owen Bolwell, produced by Siew for Bainbridge's second album Between the Days ...
- Lonely (Mao Abe song): Name Lonely | Cover Mao_Lonely. Andō | Last single "Itsu no Hi mo " (2010) | This single "Lonely" (2010) | Next single "19-sai no Uta " (2010)" ...
Words and phrases related to 'Lonely'
'Lonely' example sentence in quotations
* There is pleasure in the pathless woods, there is rapture in the lonely shore, there is society where none intrudes, by the deep sea, and music in its roar I love not Man the less, but Nature more. - George Gordon Byron
* Doubt is a pain too lonely to know that faith is his twin brother. - Kahlil Gibran
* I gave up on new poetry myself thirty years ago, when most of it began to read like coded messages passing between lonely aliens on a hostile world. - Russell Baker
Click here for more related quotations on 'Lonely'
* Doubt is a pain too lonely to know that faith is his twin brother. - Kahlil Gibran
* I gave up on new poetry myself thirty years ago, when most of it began to read like coded messages passing between lonely aliens on a hostile world. - Russell Baker
Click here for more related quotations on 'Lonely'


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We have a great range of women's tops for sale... From plain t-shirts to statement blouses, you're sure to get it for less.
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28 U.S. Code § 3015 - Discovery as to debtor's financial condition
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(a) In General.— Except as provided in subsection (b), in an action or proceeding under subchapter B or C, the United States may have discovery regarding the financial condition of the debtor in the manner in which discovery is authorized by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in an action on a claim for a debt.
Source(Added Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXVI, § 3611,Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4939.)
References in Text
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (a), are set out in the Appendix to this title.
The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 3, 2012, for this section. Updates to a broader range of sections may be found at the update page for containing chapter, title, etc.
The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Tuesday, August 13, 2013
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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|November 14, 2012 02:00 PM EST
AUBURN HILLS, Mich., Nov. 14, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --
- Juanes debuts 'Cumbia Sexy' song in new 2013 Ram 1500 TV campaign beginning Nov. 15 during Latin Grammy broadcast on Univision
- Digital and social media components engage consumers and promote partnership to respective fan bases
- Ram teams with Shazam® to deliver an interactive mobile experience targeting the Hispanic market
- 'A Todo, Con Todo' campaign featuring Juanes to run globally
Multi-platinum Latin music superstar Juanes, a Grammy and 17-time Latin Grammy award winner who has sold more than 15 million albums worldwide, is partnering with the Ram Truck brand in a new "A Todo, Con Todo" ("to everything, with everything") bilingual advertising campaign for the new 2013 Ram 1500 pickup truck.
The partnership includes television commercials and digital and social media components, including dedicated web landing pages created in both Spanish (http://es.ramtrucks.com/Juanes) and English (www.ramtrucks.com/Juanes), and a partnership with Shazam®. The landing pages will be live Nov. 15.
"Juanes' creative fusion of musical styles and the bold way he blends lyrics about everyday life and deeper issues make him the perfect Ram partner," said Olivier Francois, Chief Marketing Officer, Chrysler Group LLC. "His music and his persona encapsulate the essence of the Ram 1500 pickup – the most capable truck for every professional and lifestyle need. Both Juanes and Ram embody the 'A Todo, Con Todo' spirit, giving everything they've got to everything they do."
Juanes debuts his song "Cumbia Sexy" in three new television commercials focusing on the class-leading innovations of the 2013 Ram 1500 and the values of both Hispanic culture and Ram Truck brand. The first two spots, 60-second "Anthem" and 30-second "Big Stage," debut Nov. 15 during the Univision broadcast of the 2012 Latin Grammy awards, where Juanes is nominated for four awards and will perform during the telecast. Leading up to the Latin Grammy awards, Ram and Juanes are both engaging their respective Facebook and Twitter social media fan bases to promote the partnership and the song and TV spot debuts.
"Ram is proud to have a Latin music superstar of Juanes' magnitude as a partner for the launch of our new Ram 1500 truck," said Fred Diaz, President and CEO – Ram Truck Brand and Chrysler de Mexico. "His willingness to accept challenges and dedication to doing what's right make him an authentic brand ambassador for Ram's 'A Todo, Con Todo' campaign. The new Ram 1500 symbolizes the brand's commitment to hard work, determination and dependability – values that are part of the Latino culture, and are also the bedrock for the principles that propelled Juanes to his success as an artist and social activist."
"I am extremely excited to be working with Ram trucks on such a far-reaching bilingual campaign," said Juanes. "It gives me an opportunity to share new music with a broad global audience while supporting a brand I believe in and is a dependable daily presence in the lives of many of my fans." Juanes will drive up to the Latin Grammy ceremony in a 2013 Ram 1500.
Ram is partnering with Shazam to create an interactive mobile experience for Hispanic consumers. During the Latin Grammy awards, viewers who have the Shazam App on their mobile phones or tablets will be able to tag the Juanes ads for expanded content on the new Ram Truck landing pages about the artist as well as information on the Ram 1500 truck. The free Shazam App can be downloaded in advance from the Ram landing pages, Shazam.com and every major app store.
The bilingual "A Todo, Con Todo" campaign will run globally. In addition to airing in the United States, the spots featuring Juanes will begin airing in Mexico on Nov. 16, and will be rolled out in Latin America in early 2013.
The "A Todo, Con Todo" TV ads were produced in Spanish and English and will run on national Spanish-language TV networks Univision and Telemundo, and local TV stations in key Hispanic markets. The spots also will be available for viewing on the Ram Truck brand's YouTube channel, www.youtube.com/RamTrucks.
"A Todo, Con Todo" radio ads featuring an instrumental version of Juanes' "Cumbia Sexy" song will air in major U.S. Hispanic markets. Print ads for the campaign will appear in national Spanish- and English-language Hispanic magazines, including Automundo and ESPN Deportes La Revista, and in English- and Spanish-language newspapers in top-volume U.S. Hispanic markets for Ram trucks.
Trucks are one of the top-selling segments among Latinos and the Ram 1500 and 2500 are among the best performing Chrysler Group nameplates with these consumers, Diaz explained. Ram first introduced the "A Todo, Con Todo" concept in a Hispanic ad campaign in 2011."A Todo, Con Todo" TV Ads
The 30-second "Big Stage" ad highlights how the best-in-class 25 mpg highway fuel economy of the new 2013 Ram 1500 provides more control and fewer stops on one's "drive for success."
"Suspension," the third spot featuring Juanes and "Cumbia Sexy," debuts later. The 30-second ad celebrates how the class-exclusive active air suspension found in the new Ram 1500 helps make "rising to the challenge a regular occurrence."
The Ram Truck brand also will launch other Hispanic-market programs this fall as part of the "A Todo, Con Todo" campaign, including a partnership with Univision Radio, sponsorship of La Banda Ram on the Yahoo! En Español channel, and sponsorship of the Mexican Fútbol soccer League.
The "A Todo, Con Todo" campaign was created by Dallas-based Richards/Lerma agency, the Hispanic marketing arm of The Richards Group.About Juanes
With six solo albums to his credit and multi-platinum sales of over 15 million copies, Juanes is the world's leading all-Spanish language rock artist --both a GRAMMY and 17-time LATIN GRAMMY winner with eight #1 singles on Billboard's "Hot Latin Songs" chart. Juanes is also frequently recognized as one of the Spanish-speaking world's leading social media voices with an online following of over 10 million fans. The Colombian superstar's dedication as a global activist also extends far beyond his passionate lyrics and is seen in his wide ranging charitable work for his own Mi Sangre Foundation and as a co-founder of the "Paz sin Fronteras" (Peace Without Borders) organization, which utilizes music to unite populaces regardless of political or geographic divides and advocates that all people are entitled to the basic human right of peace.
"JUANES MTV Unplugged" was released in May 2012 and quickly debuted at #1 on Billboard's "Top Latin Albums" chart and in 18 countries throughout Latin America. The CD/DVD finds Juanes collaborating with Latin music legend Juan Luis Guerra, who acted as music director, and sharing duets with special guests Joaquín Sabina and Paula Fernándes. The album's first single "La Señal" reached #1 on the "Hot Latin Songs" chart, giving Juanes the 8th #1 song of his career. Juanes has been called "the single most important figure of the past decade in Latin music" (Los Angeles Times); "the first truly international rock star to emerge from Latin America" (Associated Press); and "Latin America's hottest singer-songwriter… a soulful poet with electric guitar" (New York Times).About Ram Truck Brand
The Ram Truck brand continues to establish its own identity and clearly define its customer since its launch as a standalone vehicle brand. Creating a distinct brand for Ram trucks has allowed the brand to concentrate on how core customers use their trucks and what new features they'd like to see. Whether focusing on a family that uses its half-ton truck day in and day out, a hard-working Ram Heavy Duty owner or a business that depends on its commercial vehicles every day, Ram has the truck market covered.
The Ram Truck brand has the most innovative lineup of full-size trucks on the market. Ram Truck has emerged as a full-size truck leader by investing substantially in new products, infusing them with great looks, refined interiors, durable engines and features that further enhance their capabilities. Truck customers, from half-ton to commercial, have a demanding range of needs and require their vehicles to provide high levels of capability. Ram trucks are designed to deliver a total package.
SOURCE Chrysler Group LLC
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NeNe Leakes of "The Real Housewives of Atlanta" either is having trouble at home or is working hard at boosting her brand.
Maybe both.
A RadarOnline.com story says that ever since her son, Bryson Bryant, was arrested on a drug charge in Gwinnett County, things have been icy at Chez Leakes.
"The arrest really upset NeNe as she knows her son is hanging out with a bad crowd," said the report, which says young Bryant has dropped out of college and is now working as a club promoter. "It has put pressure on her relationship with her husband, Greg Leakes, who is not Bryson's real father as they both know that he's still drinking and smoking with his buddies."
The quote most likely to get the side-eyes rolling in Atlanta: "NeNe perceives herself as a real socialite in Atlanta and she does not like the fact that Bryson's arrest generated bad publicity for her and she is worried that he might get into more trouble in the future."
And here's the money shot: "It might make
Continue reading Has NeNe the Housewife hit a rough patch? »


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THURSDAY, Jan. 2, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Former and current smokers who undergo surgery face higher health care costs in the year after their procedure than people who never smoked, according to a new study.
Researchers from the Mayo Clinic noted that smoking cigarettes increases the risk for complications following surgery. They estimated smoking-related complications could add up to $17 billion in direct medical costs each year in the United States alone.
The study, published online Jan. 1 in JAMA Surgery and led by Dr. David Warner, of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., involved patients who underwent surgery between April 2008 and December 2009.
The participants were divided into three groups: 678 pairs were made up to compare current smokers to never smokers; 665 pairs compared current and former smokers; and 945 pairs compared former smokers and patients who never smoked.
In comparing the pairs of surgical patients, the investigators found little difference in the costs for the initial hospitalization for surgery among those who never smoked, current smokers and former smokers, they noted in a journal news release.
The researchers revealed, however, in the year after surgery, direct medical costs were an estimated $400 higher for current smokers. Medical costs in the 12 months after surgery were also $273 higher for former smokers.
More information
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more about the health effects of smoking.
SOURCE: JAMA Surgery, news release, Jan. 1, 2014
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Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital (the flagship hospital) is one of Georgia's largest comprehensive regional medical centers. From the beginning, Phoebe's mission and vision
has been to bring the finest medical talent and technology to the citizens of Southwest Georgia, and to serve all citizens of the community regardless of ability to pay.


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The graduation ceremony for the Eleanor Jean Grier Leadership Academy was held November 20 in Riverside. Riverside Mayor Ron Loveridge congratulated the
graduates and welcomed them into active participation in community leadership roles. Keynote speaker was the Honorable Judge Richard Fields, the first African American judge in Riverside County.
Photo: Coleman


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Full size version is only available to registered users
Please Register as a New User or Login as Existing User to gain full access to all the photos on this site. Registration is quick and completely free.
Unregistered users can only view full size photos that have been added this month.
Ross Getting "Invloved" with Valediction HVS 5a. Keep outside Ross!!
© krikoman, Aug 2007
Route: valediction
Climbers: Ross McCormick
Camera used: Canon PowerShot A710


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Reader Comments (Page 1 of 1)
Your last comment is so descriptive of the typical issue in WoW PUGs.
Not a raid but in a recent troll heroic tanking on my alliance side DK after a few wipes and chat starting to light up with the usual 'fail tank' I look around me and at recount and notice that I'm the -only- person of 5 with PvE gear on, except for the one who was in greens (who I could not figure out - I guess they had enough other gear in bags to queue in).
For a raid, I'm surprised you'd let in -anyone- with any PvP gear on.
A little low on gear I can understand, but PvP is a big red flag for itemization...


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Barium meal
A barium meal, also known as an upper gastrointestinal series is a procedure in which radiographs of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum are taken after barium sulfate is ingested by a patient. Barium meals are useful in the diagnosis of structural and motility abnormalities of the foregut.
The gastrointestinal tract, like other soft-tissue structures, does not show clearly enough for diagnostic purposes on plain radiographs. Barium salts are radioopaque: they show clearly on a radiograph. If barium is swallowed before radiographs are taken, the barium within the oesophagus, stomach or duodenum shows the shape of the lumina of these organs.
Liquid suspensions of barium sulfate are non-toxic, apart from a small risk of producing a disturbance in bowel function for 48 hours after ingestion. They usually have a chalky taste that can be disguised by adding flavours.[1]
A barium meal usually takes less than an hour. The patient ingests gas pellets and citric acid to expand the stomach. Then about 3 cups (about 709 ml) of barium is ingested. The patient may move or roll over to coat the stomach and oesophagus in barium. A needle may also be used to relax the muscle between the stomach and the duodenum. Following these preparations, an x-ray is taken.
There are two varieties of barium meal: single and double contrast meals. A single contrast meal uses only barium, a radioopaque (or positive) contrast medium, to image the upper gastrointestinal tract. A double contrast meal uses barium as well as a radiolucent (or negative) contrast medium such as air, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide. The double contrast meal is more useful as a diagnostic test, demonstrating mucosal details and allowing the detection of small mucosal lesions such as diverticula or polyps.
The radiation dose from a barium meal X-ray is around 2.5 millisieverts (250 mrem).[2]
The diagnostic usage of barium studies has declined in recent years with the increasing use of the practice of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, which allows direct visual inspection of suspicious areas within the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.
See also[edit]
- ^ Upper G.I./Barium Swallow
- ^ "Ionising radiation" (PDF). ANSTO. November 2009.


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May the light of Christ, rising in glory, dispel the darkness of our hearts and minds!
Triduum photos (Thursday through Sunday) via the talented Fr. Lawrence Lew, OP.
"You shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you odd." (attributed to Flannery O'Connor)
I love the lights of the Easter vigil mass. I don't see them as often as Christmas lights, so maybe that's why they're more special to me.


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Hands-On Experiences
A hands-on experience is at the core of the Business program at Goshen College. The internship program is designated to integrate and to apply theoretical learning with a real-world application.
Real World Experience at Home
Java Junction is a student-managed coffee bar on the campus of Goshen College. All employees are students and the managers are selected by the business department through an application process. Managers enroll in BUS 360, Java Junction Management, and receive academic credit for managing all aspects of the business; operations, human resources, marketing, purchasing, and accounting. Students are supervised by a business department faculty member and receive a grade for their work based on the the success of the business as well as their own individual contributions to the management team. Java Junction provides an atmosphere that allows students, faculty, staff, and the Goshen community to enjoy quality food and beverages, live music, and fellowship.
Real World Experience in the Field
Business students at Goshen College have an excellent opportunity to incorporate classroom and textbook theories to a "real world" setting. Students learn first-hand how to use their academic skills.
For the Student:
- If the internship takes place during Fall or Spring semesters, the student is required to complete 120 hrs. of work at their place of internship. If the internship takes place during the Summer semester, the requirement is 240 hrs. of work.
- Students will gain an invaluable experience in their field.
- Several internship positions are paid, providing the student with some additional income.
- Students are able to establish networks in the business community and their performance can lead to long-term employment with the same company after graduation.
For the Employer:
- Employers receive a well-educated, student to assist them in the practical application of the latest business strategies and techniques.
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Recommendations for Gluten-Free & Dairy-Free Party Appetizers?
Dinner Party Questions
Q: I'm attending a dinner party this weekend and was asked to bring a gluten- and dairy-free appetizer. The hostess plays a bit with the Paleo diet, so sugar is probably best avoided as well. A bonus would be incorporating some veggies since I know dinner will be meat-heavy. Any ideas?
Sent by Julie
Editor: Our go-to, any-diet appetizer this summer has been soba noodles (make sure to find 100% gluten-free soba) in cucumber cups. They're a hit with any crowd! Spicy roasted chickpeas are another favorite.
• Chilled Soba in Cucumber Cups
• Roasted Curried Chickpeas with Rosemary and Thyme
• 30 Snacks & Starters, Appetizers & Nibbles
Readers, what are your favorite gluten-free and dairy-free appetizers?
Related: Crrrrunch! A Gluten-Free Cracker Taste Test
(Image: Emma Christensen)
More posts in this series
Allergy-Friendly Cooking
14 Comments
You can make your own hummus, find a recipe on line, and bring 2 boxes of mary's gone crackers which are gluten and dairy free. Hummus is so easy to make and you can garnish with parsley paprika and roasted pine nuts and it is heavenly. Travels well too.
Be sure to use GF soy sauce, too!
I don't think soba noddles are "paleo" and I know chickpeas are not "paleo" so I don't think I would go with those options. They fall into the dairy-free, gluten-free restrictions, but if you want a true paleo appetizer deviled eggs are great if made with homemade or olive oil based mayo. I also like to bring melon or asparagus wrapped in prosciutto or guacamole with veggies to dip with if you want to go with more veggies.
how about some veggies roasted in coconut oil?
Lettuce wraps!
How about summer rolls made with rice paper, tofu, lettuce, avocado, sprouts and a dipping sauce made of gf soy sauce. Or I'd second the hummus/bean dip suggestion!
I have a whole list of paleo-approved recipes for potlucks and picnics on my blog:
All of the recipes are free of grains, gluten, added sugar, soy, legumes, and dairy -- they're the strictest of the strict paleo :-)
The page referenced above includes Cold Sesame Cucumber Noodles, a chopped salad that would be really cute served in cucumber cups, spiced nuts that are always a crowd pleaser, and a really simple pear+bacon appetizer that looks good and tastes great. Hope these ideas help!
Not sure about paleo...but my 2 "go-to" GF/DF appetizers are veggies & hummus or tortilla chips & salsa. Simple but always tasty.
Tofu is not paleo, nor are tortilla chips. No dairy, grains, legumes, or sugar. How about a spicy fruit salad with lime juice and habanero, guac with cut up veggies (guac is practically required for paleos), or spiced and roasted nuts?
I am recently eating similarly. I'd steer clear of the uncertainties and go with something high veggie, maybe raw as well. Homemade hummus or good store-bought with a variety of veggies for dipping is a good bet of folks are eating beans. You could also make tahini as an alternative if seeds are okay. Good marcona almonds, figs, apple slices, berries, cherries and a good supply of fancy pickles would be nice. Lettuce wraps were mentioned, and you could do a filling with cashews, veggies, curry and sprouts. A play on cucumber sandwiches with thin-sliced cucs and cashew cream/watercress on top would be another option. Good luck!
Fruit salad dressed with a smidge of honey and fresh herbs.
Salmon tartar in lettuce wraps.
These two dips are GF/DF, and packed with veggies: Roasted Eggplant Dip with Tahini and Creamy Roasted Garlic White Bean Dip w/ Lemon + Thyme
Serve with gluten free crackers (I also love Mary's Gone Crackers brand) and/or colorful crudité.
Prepared soba noodles, even ones that are 100% soba, are generally made in factories with gluten, so are not the safest choice for someone who avoids gluten for medical reasons. I would pick a different "go-to" gluten-free ingredient.
Quinoa might be a good staple ingredient, and as a seed might be appropriate for paleo. However, vegetables and proteins are probably the safest thing to please a paleo hostess.


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the setlist wiki
setlist.fm > Artists > Z > Zoé > Song Statistics
Song Statistics
Nunca by Zoé
Total Plays
23 times by 1 Artist
From the release
Memo Rex Commander y el corazón atómico de la Vía Láctea (Album)
* Do you think it did not appear on Memo Rex Commander y el corazón atómico de la Vía Láctea first? Get info why this data might be incorrect.
First Played in Concert
November 28, 2007 by Zoé at Palacio de los Deportes, Mexico City, Mexico
Most Recently Played
September 18, 2012 by Zoé at Moon Nightlife & Business, San Joaquín, Costa Rica
Performing Artists


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|Webdiary - Independent, Ethical, Accountable and Transparent
$2b or not $2b... that is the question about milking misery
If a yokel like myself could figure this one a day before it hit the press, it's a worry. I've become suspicious that governments might be spinning the economy collapse to their advantage, and I have only one example to present as possible evidence.
Our South Australian Treasurer reckons that our economy is out of whack by two billion dollars, and has gravely gone to the press to tell them that infrastructure projects might be delayed. The trouble is that the reporter of that information posted a piece at the start of the month suggesting which projects would be applicable to getting a slice of the Federal twenty billion dollar infrastructure progam. On March 3rd Kthe Advertiser suggested that the cost of those projects was around two billion dollars.
After Treasurer Foley's announcement yesterday, planted on ABC Local radio in the morning and moved through the media over the day, our Premier and our Infrastructure Minister trotted themselves out on the telly overnight to suggest the possibly that abandoned projects might be saved by Federal funds.
The closing date for the infrastructure funds was the day before this hopeful announcement of salvation.
If a State government is prepared to media-manipulate a foregone conclusion in the wake of the global financial cataclsym, it might be reasonable to suggest that other governments across the world are milking spin (or is that spinning milk?) to maximise their political advantage.
Some people care, some people pretend to care. It's important to spot the difference.
Two billion lost, two billion found, without the use of much rocket science. It's hard to doubt there will be more. Any suspicions will be gratetfully received.
Epilogue: As I was writing the above, what's below was being published online:
[AdelaideNow extract]
Disclosure: Acrross the road from the abovementioned Entertainment Centre beside the juncture of what's intended to be the first tram/train line in Australia, you'll find my family's pub.
[ category:
If only they listened to Michael for once
Submitted by Eliot Ramsey on October 20, 2008 - 3:05pm.
Michael de Angelos: "I reckon what is happening in the USA with the scam called the "bail-out" is just the beginning and will be used to justify a whole host of government trickeries and illusions."
I suppose you're also wondering how the governments of Australia and most of Europe were "tricked" into their bail outs, too.
Just the beginning
Submitted by Michael de Angelos on October 20, 2008 - 12:50pm.
I reckon what is happening in the USA with the scam called the "bail-out" is just the beginning and will be used to justify a whole host of government trickeries and illusions.
I can't really comment on the case you mention Richard Tonkin, not having all the details, but I refer again to legislation passed in the USA two years ago that prevented individuals from declaring bankrupty over credit card debt, an extraordinary bias against average middle and working class Americans.
How sensible Republicans and Democrats (including Barak Obama) were convinced to vote for this bill is a mystery, but then so much is in the US political world.
But those in power knew more than they we did and have prepared themselves accordingly for the mother of all depressions. You can count on any government anywhere taking advantage of it.
Alan Curran, Man of Steel-Caps?
Submitted by Richard Tonkin on October 16, 2008 - 8:47pm.
I don't think, Alan, that the Ford job losses in Victoria, or the GMH tremors in Adelaide,can be attributed to Labor policy enactment. Look at their share prices. The job jeapordy is an instant reaction, and there are bound to be more.
I don't need to tell you all this. You know it. So why not treat this conversation a little more seriously than you have others of late, and lay off the irrelevancies for a bit.
What's relevant here is that, as I'm sure is happening in business, unethical and opportunistic financial manouevres might be carried out by governments of any political persuasion. In the case I discuss above our local government may be "benignly" creating a finanical buffer akin to the Federal surplus. If so, it would be better if the process was open and honest, instead of treating the public like simpletons in the manner that I believe our Treasurer Foley has, and would expect from his modus operandi.
I watched our State Govt attempt to claim credit for all the Federal defence decisions last election, and now I think I'm watching a similar process, though this time they're capitilising on their party's efforts at a Federal level. Bear in mind that our Premier is the party's national President.
Obviously no political party has a monopoly to spin skullduggery. All you need is the fiscal keys to an overstocked media department. Our Premier here has 30-odd journos now, and I'd bet the Liberal Opposition would be using them in the same manner if they had the opportunity.
Careful, Alan, that your M.O. doesn't start to resemble the steel-capped antics of the thugs that you abhor. Not everything needs to be an opportunity to sink the boots into Labor, does it?
All happening
Submitted by Alan Curran on October 16, 2008 - 6:00pm.
Richard Tonkin, It is all happening, all over Australia the States are going broke due to the incompetance of Labor.
NSW Health Minister John Della Bosca has promised to fix a "systemic failure" that forced doctors at a hospital in the state's west to buy their own medical supplies.
Mr Della Bosca today said he had launched an investigation into cash-flow problems at the Greater Western Area Health Service which led to shortages of medical gear at Dubbo Base Hospital. Gee Labor are good at launching investigations and then sitting on the results.
Queensland Premier Anna Bligh has played down comments made by one of her ministers that the state's stamp duty revenue "is grinding to a terrible halt". Another case of a Labor cover-up, I suspect if a minister has come out with that statement there is some truth in it.
I believe that Victoria is in the same boat hence this news item today,Ford has confirmed it will cut a further 450 jobs from its Victorian work force.
With all this going on I would have thought that Ernest William would have his union mates marching on the offices of Rudd & Swan to voice their concern. Instead he wants an enquiry on AWB, when what we really want is an enquiry about the incompetance of Labor in every State of Australia.


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Frosting and Rambling
A handful of random thoughts before getting to today's equally random post …
*In my election recap, it was very poor form to not mention and thank the person who nominated me - at least, the only one I'm aware of. Obviously, none of this might have happened without her, so I owe her a big debt of gratitude. She didn't want me to mention her by name, so I'll just give you a hint: she's part pirate.
*I've been putting off a tag from Momo about 5 random things for entirely too long – another casualty of the blog contest. I've been involved with politics for less than a month, and it's already corrupting my character. I'll hopefully get that post up sometime next week, but in the meantime, here's one item I was going to include: the song currently playing on my mp3 sidebar is one of my favorite Christmas songs of all time – and I'm willing to bet that most of you haven't heard it before.
*I mentioned that I currently owe a lot of favors, so today I'm going to start paying it forward:
Robyn, who lives in my one-time stomping ground of North Carolina, has a truly altruistic purpose for her participation in triathlon: using her efforts as a platform to help fight homelessness in her home state. She is currently nominated in something called the Engines of Change Power of Sport Contest by Toyota, which – in addition to having the longest contest name I've ever heard – recognizes athletes who make a positive contribution to their communities. Visit by her blog, and check out the contest to give her some votes.
Speaking of positive contributions, this year Bolder launched a fantastic website named Bloggers Against Cancer, to increase awareness and support for the many agencies and organizations out there fighting against various forms of the disease. Most tri-bloggers already know about this site - Bolder has tremendous reach - but the runner-types who visit here could use a reminder. The blog is still in startup mode, but please give him a click and see what you can do to help.
*Time magazine officially named their person of the year (Vladimir Putin) today, which means that the one-year reign of the previous winner – All of Us! – has come to an end. Was it good for you? I can't even remember what life was like before I heard that news.
And finally …
*Jamie-Lynn Spears, Britney's 16-year-old sister, is pregnant. It's certainly not the most shocking teen pregnancy ever, or even the most scandalous celebrity headline of the year; I only mention it because the girls' mother, Lynn, is the author of a book on parenting that was scheduled to be released next spring. That kind of irony was simply too juicy for me to ignore. It's like Barry Bonds writing a book about Just Saying No to drugs.
OK, enough rambling - thanks for humoring me. On with the post …
I've been doing a lot of writing lately - too much writing, honestly. Between blog posts, newspaper articles, holiday letters, and e-mails, my fingers need a break from the keyboard. So today, I'm letting some pictures do the talking. More specifically, I've got pictures of our Christmas cookies to share.
This wasn't an official tag that circulated the blogosphere, but I've seen so many posts on this theme that it might as well have been. Earlier this week, our family spent the evening decorating a batch of over 80 shortbread cookies baked by my wife. When you think about it, it's no wonder Santa gains so much weight at this time of year.
Each of us had our own set of various shapes to decorate. Here's my 4-year-old daughter's batch:
She's very focused on toppings and sprinkles.
My 6-year-old is the artistic child, and here's her collection:
A close-up of her favorite angel – it's got a kind of "Picasso meets Jackson Pollack" vibe to it.
My 9-year-old son is fairly eclectic - he's not satisfied until he's tried every color frosting and every type of topping available. The results are fairly impressive:
This collection belongs to my wife:
Needless to say, she's very crafty. And she does very cute things with snowmen.
Finally, here's my batch:
I like to give my cookies a little bit of personality.
The star on the left was supposed to be Spongebob's friend Patrick, but somehow came out more like Peach, the sea star from Finding Nemo. The one on the right resembles the Carl's Junior mascot, for no reason other than it was easy to make.
Here's a snowman I thought was kind of cool:
He's my holy snowman. I made him as penance for this other snowman of mine:
Yes ... it's a snowman who got peed on by a dog. I thought it was clever. My wife had a somewhat different opinion.
At any rate, frosting 80 cookies can make anyone a little punchy, and this snowman signaled the end of the evening. We boxed them all up to distribute to classmates and friends, and selected our favorites to leave for Santa on Christmas Eve. (No, the peed-on snowman didn't make the cut.) After leaving some gifts, he usually eats all but a few crumbs before heading on his way. I think he'll be pleased with this year's batch.
And, on a related note: Santa has some serious training to do after the holidays.


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A dust storm in the Central Plains Thursday, has caused some problems for Alabama today.
A plume of dust has made its way into the Birmingham area. According to the Jefferson County Department of Health, coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentrations have dramatically increased over the last few hours and will continue to do so through the evening.
This will cause some short-term issues with air quality. The problems are not too serious; however, while the concentrations have not reached "Air Quality Alert" levels, JCDH advises those that are sensitive to air pollution and dust (i.e., children, the elderly, and people with heart or lung diseases) to remain indoors if they have problems breathing.
Below is two pictures of the skyline in Huntsville from the ABC 33/40 Weather Blog. The first picture shows the skyline on a normal day. The second picture is what it looked like on Friday with the dust plume in the area.
Evangelist Franklin Graham prayed on a sidewalk outside the Pentagon Thursday after his invitation to a prayer service inside was withdrawn because of comments that insulted people of other religions. More>>


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The evolution of unjust-dismissal legislation in the United States
AbstractIn the past decade, many state courts have ruled in favor of employees alleging they were improperly dismissed. The author of this paper advances an evolutionary theory of unjust-dismissal legislation in which employer groups, responding to the threat of large and variable damage awards imposed by the judicial system, eventually support unjust-dismissal legislation in order to clearly define property rights, reduce uncertainty, and limit employer liability. Based on evidence from a case study of legislation enacted in Montana and an empirical analysis of the determinants of proposed unjust-dismissal legislation in a panel of states, the author concludes that proposals of unjust-dismissal legislation are a response to court rulings that weaken and obfuscate the employer's right to dismiss employees at will. (Abstract courtesy JSTOR.)
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Bibliographic InfoArticle provided by ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School in its journal ILR Review.
Volume (Year): 44 (1991)
Issue (Month): 4 (July)
Pages: 644-660
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- Alan Krueger, 1989. "The Evolution of Unjust-Dismissal Legislation in the United States," Working Papers, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section. 638, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
- Alan B. Krueger, 1989. "The Evolution of Unjust-Dismissal Legislation in the United States," NBER Working Papers 3127, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- G39 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Other
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Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression. The standard error is a measure of the amount of error in the prediction of y for an individual x.
Known_y's is an array or range of dependent data points.
Known_x's is an array or range of independent data points.
where x and y are the sample means AVERAGE(known_x's) and AVERAGE(known_y's), and n is the sample size.
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.
How to copy an example
Note Do not select the row or column headers.


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Home » Western Saddles & Tack » Western Tack » Leather Bridles and Headstalls » Dark Chestnut Suede-Covered Browband Harness Leather Headstall
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Cornish recorded their second successive bonus point victory with a 26-10 win over an excellent KCS Old Boys outfit in a superb match this afternoon.
It may only be the second week of the season, but Saturday sees a top of the table clash at The REMPF in London Two South-West as KCS Old Boys visit. View Item »
London Cornish opened their London Two South-West campaign with a 36-0 win over Weybridge Vandals at The REMPF. View Item »
The 2014/15 season kicks off for London Cornish this weekend with three of our four sides opening their league campaigns. View Item »
After a record breaking run to the end of 2013/14, 1st XV Head coach Tom Sincock has been talking about his views on the new season. View Item »
Photos from this afternoon's 2nd XV friendly with Hammersmith & Fulham 2s are now up in the Photos Section. View Item »
The 2nd XVs make their first pre season appearance on Saturday. View Item »
Second narrow pre season defeat leaves plenty to work on. View Item »
London Cornish will play their penultimate pre-season friendly this Saturday when they travel to Staines, for a 3pm kick-off. View Item »
London Cornish lost their latest friendly last night at London One South outfit Sutton & Epsom in front of a large crowd at Rugby Lane. View Item »